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Impaired androgen 16 alpha-hydroxylation in hepatic microsomes from carbon tetrachloride-cirrhotic male rats. Hepatic cirrhosis produced by repeated inhalation of carbon tetrachloride is associated with reduced levels of microsomal cytochrome P450. In this study the C19-steroids androstenedione and testosterone were used as specific probes of the functional activity of several forms of cytochrome P450 in microsomal fractions from control and cirrhotic rat liver. The principal finding, that androstenedione 16 alpha-hydroxylation and testosterone 2 alpha-, 16 alpha-, and 17 alpha-hydroxylation were reduced to 14%-38% of control activity, strongly suggests that levels of the male sexually differentiated cytochrome P450 (P(450)16 alpha) are decreased in hepatic cirrhosis. The activity of other cytochrome P450-mediated C19-steroid hydroxylases, with the exception of androstenedione 6 beta-hydroxylase, appeared essentially unaltered in microsomes from cirrhotic rats. Cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride was also associated with greatly decreased activity of the microsomal cytochrome P450-independent 17 beta-oxidoreductase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. Consequently, and in view of the impaired activity of cytochrome P450-mediated testosterone 17 alpha-hydroxylation, the capacity of cirrhotic microsomes to catalyze the interconversion of androstenedione and testosterone was much lower than that of control microsomes. The present data confirm and extend earlier observations that selective impairment of drug oxidation pathways occurs in hepatic cirrhosis. These changes are unrelated to the acute toxicity produced by carbon tetrachloride exposure. The available evidence supports the assertion that specific forms of cytochrome P450 are subject to altered regulation in cirrhosis. | High | [
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Specific isolation and characterization of antibody directed to binding site antigenic determinants. The preparation and specificity of antibodies specific for the ligand-binding site of HOPC 8, a phosphorylcholine (PC)-binding mouse myeloma protein, are described. Antiserum to HOPC 8, prepared in rabbits, was adsorbed with an HOPC 8-Sepharose immunoadsorbent and anti-binding site antibodies were eluted with PC. These antibodies reacted with HOPC 8 but not other myeloma proteins, including those with PC-binding specificity different from HOPC 8; the specificity of this anti-HOPC 8 antibody for the combining site region of HOPC 8 was shown by the fact that 1) the interaction of the anti-HOPC 8 antibody preparation with HOPC 8 was completely blocked by PC and 2) the antibody preparation failed to bind TEPC 15 in which the combining sites had been blocked by covalently bound PC groups. Moreover, these anti-binding site antibodies did not react with isolated heavy or light chains, indicating the requirement for a heavy-light chain interaction. By contrast an idiotypic antiserum to HOPC 8 prepared in A/J mice did bind affinity-labeled TEPC 15 and the reaction with HOPC 8 was only marginally hapten inhibitable. Both of the idiotypic determinants detected by these two antisera were present on anti-PC antibody raised in BALB/c mice; | High | [
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import picamera import picamera.array import numpy as np class MyMotionDetector(picamera.array.PiMotionAnalysis): def analyse(self, a): a = np.sqrt( np.square(a['x'].astype(np.float)) + np.square(a['y'].astype(np.float)) ).clip(0, 255).astype(np.uint8) # If there're more than 10 vectors with a magnitude greater # than 60, then say we've detected motion if (a > 60).sum() > 10: print('Motion detected!') with picamera.PiCamera() as camera: camera.resolution = (640, 480) camera.framerate = 30 camera.start_recording( '/dev/null', format='h264', motion_output=MyMotionDetector(camera) ) camera.wait_recording(30) camera.stop_recording() | Mid | [
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Q: Namespace issue with wcf Restful service This is my first post. I am building a restful wcf service using post to accept an XML message (truncated from the real one). I am having trouble getting WCF to parse the XML due to the way the message is using namespaces. I cannot change the format of the XML message. I have tried various combinations of namespace attributes on the Service and datacontract but either get a parsing error or segments that are missing or NULL. If I was able to change the message I can get it to work by either removing the namespace or by applying the namespace prefix to all the fields. Unfortunately, it is not possible to get the vendor to change the format of the message being sent. Is there a way to get this to work with the message being sent. Sample Request <m:MYMESSAGE xmlns:m="my.report"> <MESSAGEHEADER> <MESSAGETYPE>GoodReport</MESSAGETYPE> <MESSAGEDATE>20160203134445</MESSAGEDATE> <MESSAGEACTION>UPDATE</MESSAGEACTION> </MESSAGEHEADER> <PATIENT> <LASTNAME>Last</LASTNAME> <FIRSTNAME>First</FIRSTNAME> <MIDDLENAME>Middlename</MIDDLENAME> </PATIENT> </m:MYMESSAGE> Sample Incorrect Response <MYMESSAGE xmlns="my.report" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <MESSAGEHEADER i:nil="true"/> <PATIENT i:nil="true"/> </MYMESSAGE> WCF Code [ServiceContract] public interface IPDF { [OperationContract ] [WebInvoke(Method = "POST", ResponseFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml, RequestFormat = WebMessageFormat.Xml )] MYMESSAGE GetPdf(MYMESSAGE mymessage); } [DataContract(Name = "MYMESSAGE", Namespace = "my.report")] public class MYMESSAGE { [DataMember (Name ="MESSAGEHEADER",Order=0) ] public _MESSAGEHEADER MESSAGEHEADER { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "PATIENT", Order = 1)] public _PATIENT PATIENT { get; set; } } [DataContract(Namespace = "my.report")] public class _MESSAGEHEADER { [DataMember(Name = "MESSAGETYPE", Order = 0)] public string MESSAGETYPE { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "MESSAGEDATE", Order = 1)] public string MESSAGEDATE { get; set; } } A: You can use Message Contracts to create the shape of the message you need. For eaxample: [MessageContract] public class BankingTransaction { [MessageHeader] public Operation operation; [MessageHeader(Namespace="http://schemas.contoso.com/auditing/2005")] public bool IsAudited; [MessageBodyMember(Name="transactionData")] public BankingTransactionData theData; }) WCF uses Message based on SOAP but WCF internals can hide this by converting inbound messages to SOAP and outbound messages to what ever transport protocol you are using. You can ultimately create your own message formatter. "Message formatters are the component which do the translation between CLR operations and the WCF Message object – their role is to convert all the operation parameters and return values (possibly via serialization) into a Message on output, and deconstruct the message into parameter and return values on input." | Mid | [
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Consumer satisfaction surveys in mental health. Treating clients of mental health services as consumers is a relatively new concept in Britain. This article seeks to explain the development of consumer satisfaction surveys, reviews the literature, and identifies ways in which the approach can be used to improve services. | Mid | [
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External validation of the endometriosis fertility index (EFI) for predicting spontaneous pregnancy after surgery: further considerations on its validity. The revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification of endometriosis has a limited predictive value for pregnancy after surgery. A tool for predicting spontaneous pregnancy or pregnancy following assisted reproduction technology (ART) represents a clinical need. This study aimed to (i) provide an external validation of the EFI score in predicting pregnancy in infertile Italian endometriosis women; (ii) evaluate the predictive value of EFI score on ART outcome for patients who previously attempted to spontaneously conceive after surgery. In 104 women with endometriosis, EFI score was calculated based on a prospective database data. Cumulative pregnancy rates curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) product limit estimate and log-rank test was used to evaluate differences between EFI groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for EFI as a predictor of ART outcome. Differences in time to non-ART pregnancy for the six EFI groups were statistically significant (log-rank, p = 1.4 × 10(-4)). The area under the curve (AUC) for EFI as ART outcome predictor was 0.75 (95% CI 0.61-0.89, p = 6.2 × 10(-3)), while the best cut-point for pregnancy was 5.5. The EFI score is a reliable scoring system to predict non-ART and ART pregnancy outcome after surgery for endometriosis. | High | [
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1. Technical Field The present invention relates to an apparatus for recovery of valuable metals including Cu, Zn, Sn, Cr, In, Pb, Mo, V, W, Zr, Ge, Re, Au, Ir, Rh, Ru, Os, or mixtures thereof, and a method for recovery of valuable metals using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to alkali leaching of valuable metals, an apparatus for recovery of valuable metals, and a method for recovery of valuable metals using the same, which recovers valuable metals by volatizing or dissolving valuable metals using chlorine gas generated in an electrolytic chlorine producing bath in the form of an oxide or leaching solution depending on the kind of valuable metal. Here, the apparatus is a closed system, in which chlorine gas generated in an anode chamber of the electrolytic chlorine producing bath and sodium hydroxide generated in a cathode chamber are re-circulated to allow elimination of additional supply of chlorine and sodium hydroxide from outside, thereby preventing generation of waste liquid and waste gas while ensuring eco-friendliness, safety without leakage of toxic gas, and economical feasibility. 2. Description of the Related Art Generally, large amounts of valuable metal are contained in scrap and waste produced during manufacture of various electronic products, waste catalysts produced in chemical processes, waste water generated from a plating factory, textile fabrication factory, film development workroom, and the like. Thus, recycling of such waste resources and efficient recovery of valuable metals from the waste resources are very important issues in terms of value creation of the waste resources and prevention of environmental pollution. Examples of such valuable metals may include copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), indium (In), lead (Pb), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), germanium (Ge), rhenium (Re), gold (Au), iridium (Ir), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), and the like. As one method for recovery of such valuable metals by processing content or waste water containing such valuable metals and mixtures thereof, alkali leaching is generally performed using an alkaline solution prepared by dissolving an alkaline salt in a solvent. In general alkali leaching, an aqueous solution containing a large amount of alkaline salt is used for reaction of valuable metals at high temperature. As such, the large amount of alkaline salt is used due to continuous consumption of alkali metal ions, a waste liquid generated during the leaching can cause environmental damage, and the use of such more expensive alkaline salt than acid salts is a main reason for increase in manufacturing cost. As another method for recovery of valuable metals, electrolysis is used. Electrolysis is used not only for processing valuable metals contained in waste water but also for processing general inorganic or organic compounds. However, electrolysis has problems of a long processing time and low efficiency due to accessory equipment. | Low | [
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Answering Patient Questions About Oral Sedation Dentistry Posted on Jul 25, 2017 2:10pm PDT Some people would never go to the dental office if it weren’t for sedation dentistry in Belmont, which is why it’s important for patients to learn about this option. This type of dentistry is perfectly safe if you work with a dentist that you know you can trust. Read ahead for the answers to some common patient questions about oral sedation dentistry to decide if it might be right for you. How does it work? There are a few different ways that you can be sedated during your treatment, and oral sedation tends to be a popular choice. Your dentist will prescribe you an anxiolytic pill that you can take before the procedure starts, which will help you stay calm and collected throughout treatment. You should never hesitate to ask your dentist any questions you might have about his or her specific process and how it will help your treatment. What are the benefits? If going to the dentist makes you feel anxious, sedation dentistry might be able to help. However, this option isn’t only beneficial for people with dental anxiety. Sedation dentistry can be great for people who don’t have time to get to the dentist as often as they would like to. If it’s tough to fit visits to the dentist into your schedule, you might need to get multiple procedures done at once, and sedation dentistry can keep you comfortable while you do so. Additionally, some people specifically seek out sedation dentistry so that they can ease their anxiety while they undergo teeth whitening, root canals, or dental implants. Is it safe? You never want to undergo a procedure under uncertain circumstances. The good news is that you shouldn’t have to worry about that as long as you work with a dentist who is qualified to administer sedative drugs. Your dental health professional will prescribe you a safe dosage of anxiolytic drugs so that you can get through your procedure with comfort and confidence. | High | [
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This may look like an old SNES gamepad, but oh, it isn't. No, it's a custom Xbox 360 gamepad. And sure, it lost an analog stick somewhere in its creation process, but it's still so damned cool. »5/27/09 6:20pm 5/27/09 6:20pm | Low | [
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This is what "North and South’s" Lesley-Anne Down looks like today The TV mini series North and South gained a massive following during the mid eighties. The series catapulted many of the main cast members to new heights of fame in the entertainment business, including Lesley-Anne Down. Decades have passed since North and South finished and so we were curious what the beautiful brunette is up to today... The iconic mini-series North and South was filmed in the mid eighties and many of the main cast members became houshold names overnight. Patrick Swayze (†57) became an international star playing Orry Main, but Swayze was not the only one to receive all the glory. Lesley-Anne Down (64) was also able to make a name for herself due to North and South's success. Patrick Swayze and Lesley-Anne Down playing "Orry" and "Madeline" in "North and South" Lesley-Anne Down's life After North and South Before her breakthrough role asMadeline Fabray, Down starred in a variety of movies such as Hanover Street and The Pink Panther. After North and South finished, Down remained a TV favorite and went on to play Stephanie Rogersin the series Dallas (1990). On top of that, Down scored the leading role in the popular soap The Bold and the Beautiful, playing Jacqueline Payne Marone from 2003 to 2012. Down has no intention of retiring just yet, recently appearing in the films I am watching You and Of God and Kings. In 2017, she was cast om supporting roles in various films, including Gate of Darkness and Justice. Lesley-Anne Down has not always had it easy when it comes to romance. After filing for divorce twice between 1980 and 1985, she married director and cameraman Don E. FauntLeRoy in 1985. Even at sixty-four, she has still not lost her sparkle! | Low | [
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31 December 2012 This 17th annual review discusses seven fatal airline crashes and three other significant events from 2012. The seven fatal airline crashes from 2012 equals 2008 as the year with the fewest fatal passenger events since AirSafe.com was launched in 1996. All but one of these seven events, a fatal crash last week in Canada that killed one passenger, occurred outside of North America and western Europe. In addition to the seven airline crashes, there were five other significant crashes that did not kill an airline passenger, though four of these events involved airliners, and all five involved at least one fatality. Among the 12 events from 2012, some of the more noteworthy included the following: The death of a lap child in a crash were all other passengers and crew survived A foiled hijacking attempt in China A crashed that killed the entertainer Jenni Rivera. Five crashes with no survivors Crashes Killing Airline Passengers 2 April 2012; UTair ATR 72-200; VP-BYZ;flight 120; Tyumen, Russia: The aircraft was on scheduled domestic flight from Tyumen to Surgut, Russia. The airplane crashed broke up, and caught fire in a field about 1.5 miles (2.5 km) form the end of the departure runway. All four crew members and 27 of the 39 passengers were killed. This is the second fatal passenger jet crash involving this airline. The first was a 17 March 2007 crash of a UTair Tupolev Tu134A in Samara, Russia that killed six passengers. Fatal crashes of airlines of Russia and the former Soviet Union 20 April 2012; Bhoja Airlines; 737-200; AP-BKC; flight B4 213; Islamabad, Pakistan: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight Karachi to Islamabad, Pakistan, and crashed in a residential area near the airport. The aircraft was completely destroyed in the crash, and all six crew members and 121 passengers were killed. Among those killed were several children and one newlywed couple. This was the airline's inaugural flight on this route. 14 May 2012; Agni Air; Dornier 228-200; 9N-AIG; near Marpha, Nepal: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight from Pokhara to Jomson, Nepal, and crashed into the side of a mountain near Marpha, Nepal. Shortly before the crash, the crew had turned back toward Pokhara because of weather conditions at Jomson. Two of the three crew members and 13 of the 18 passengers were killed. 3 June 2012; Dana Air; MD83; 5N-RAM; flight 992; Lagos, Nigeria: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight Abuja to Lagos, Nigeria, and crashed in a residential area near the airport. The plane reportedly struck a power line and then crashed into at least one apartment building. The aircraft was completely destroyed in the crash, and all seven crew members and 146 passengers were killed. At least 10 people on the ground were killed as well. 28 September 2012; Sita Air Dornier 228;-200; 9N-AHA; Flight 601; Kathmandu, Nepal: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight from Kathmandu to Lukla, Nepal, and crashed shortly after takeoff. The aircraft reportedly struck a vulture about 50 feet off the ground. The bird hit the right engine, and the plane crashed while the crew was attempting to returen to the airport. All three crew members and 16 passengers were killed. Fatal Dornier crashes 22 December 2012; Kivalliq Air Fairchild Metro 3; C-GFWX; Flight 671; Sanikiluaq, Canada: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight from Winnipeg to Sanikiluaq, Canada, and crashed just short of the runway during a second landing attempt. There was limited visibility due to darkness and blowing snow at the time of the crash. Both crew members survived, but one of the seven passengers, a six-month-old boy being held in his mother's lap, was killed. 25 December 2012; Air Bagan Fokker 100; XY-AGC; Flight 011; Heho, Myanmar: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight from Mandalay to Heho, Myanmar, hit a set of power lines during a landing attempt, and crashed about a kilometer short of the runway. There was fog in the vicinity of the airport at the time of the crash. The aircraft broke up and there was a post-crash fire. All six crew members survived, but one of the 65 passengers was killed. A person on the ground was also killed. Fatal Fokker 100 crashesAviation Herald article on crash Other Significant Events 9 May 2012; Sukhoi Superjet 100; near Jakarta, Indonesia: The aircraft was on an unscheduled demonstration flight that had departed from Jakarta, Indonesia. After departure, the crew circled nearby Mt. Salak, and began a descent from 10,000 feet to 6,000. The aircraft crashed into the side of the mountain at about 5,100 feet. There were no survivors. Among the 37 passengers were members of the media and representatives from a number of Indonesian airlines. This aircraft type had entered commercial airline service the previous month, and the manufacturer Sukhoi had been taking the accident aircraft on a promotional tour through a number of countries in Asia. This was a demonstration flight that had invited guests as passengers, rather than a flight that was available to the public, so it is not counted as a fatal event as defined by AirSafe.com 2 June 2012; Allied Air; 727-200; 5N-BJN; flight 111; Accra, Ghana: The aircraft was on a cargo flight from Lagos, Nigeria, to Accra, Ghana, and overran the runway after landing. The aircraft struck a minivan on a nearby road, killing all 10 of the occupants. None of the four crew members were killed. 29 June 2012; Tianjin Airlines; Embraer ERJ 190; B-3171; flight 7554; en route Hotan to Urumqi, China: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight from Hotan to Urumqi, China, when three hijackers attempted to take over the aircraft. The hijackers reportedly carried explosives and attempted to break into the cockpit. The hijackers were subdued by passengers and crew members, and the aircraft returned to Hotan. Two of the three hijackers later died of injuries received during a fight with the crew and passengers. None of the the nine crew members or the 89 passengers were killed. Because only hijackers were killed, this crash was not counted as a fatal event as defined by AirSafe.com. 9 December 2012; Starwood Management; Learjet 25; N345MC; near Iturbide, Mexico: A chartered private jet carrying the singer and entertainer Jenni Rivera crashed near Iturbide, Mexico while en route on a domestic flight from Monterrey, Mexico to the Toluca, Mexico airport near Mexico City. Both pilots and all five passengers, including Rivera, were killed in the crash. The Learjet was cruising at about 28,000 feet and entered into a high speed descent, crashing in mountainous terrain. Because this was not an aircraft normally used in passenger airline service, this crash was not counted as a fatal event as defined by AirSafe.com. 29 December 2012; Red Wings Airlines; Tupolev 204-100; RA-64047; flight 9268; Moscow, Russia: The aircraft was on an unscheduled repositioning flight from Pardubice, Czech Republic to Moscow, Russia. After touching down, the aircraft overran the runway, and collided with an embankment next to a highway, causing the aircraft to break up. While various pieces of aircraft wreckage struck cars on the adjacent highway, no one on the ground was killed (See video below). Five of the eight crew members were killed. It had been snowing prior to the crash, and there was a significant crosswind at the time of the landing. Because there were no passengers on the aircraft, this crash was not counted as a fatal event as defined by AirSafe.com. AirSafe.com BonusesAll subscribers to the AirSafe.com mailing list at subscribe.airsafe.com will be able to download free copies of all of the recent AirSafe.com books, including the latest, AirSafe.com Family Air Travel Guide. 27 December 2012 After having no fatal crashes involving passengers in nearly three months, there have been two fatal crashes in the last week. 22 December 2012; Kivalliq Air Fairchild Metro 3; C-GFWX; Flight 671; Sanikiluaq, Canada: The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight from Winnipeg to Sanikiluaq, Canada, and crashed just short of the runway during a second landing attempt. There was limited visibility due to darkness and blowing snow at the time of the crash. Both crew members survived, but one of the seven passengers, a six-month-old boy being held in his mother's lap, was killed. This crash highlights an ongoing risk as safety issue, whether parents should use a car seat or other approved child restraint system rather than fly with a lap child. The most recent book by Dr. Todd Curtis, AirSafe.com Family Air Travel Guide, discusses this issue in great detail, and also provides extensive advice on ways parents can reduce or eliminate many of the problems families face when they fly. The book will be available later this week, and all subscribers to the AirSafe.com mailing list at subscribe.airsafe.com will be able to download a free version of this book, as well as other recent AirSafe.com book. 25 December 2012; Air Bagan Fokker 100; XY-AGC; Flight 011; Heho, Burma (Myanmar): The aircraft was on a scheduled domestic flight from Mandalay to Heho, Myanmar, hit a set of power lines during a landing attempt, and crashed about a kilometer short of the runway. There was fog in the vicinity of the airport at the time of the crash. The aircraft broke up and there was a post-crash fire. All six crew members survived, but one of the 65 passengers was killed. A person on the ground was also killed. Fatal Fokker 100 crashesAviation Herald article on crashRelated resourcesRecent plane crashesPlane crashes of 2012 18 December 2012 Every year, the TSA provides a number of holiday tips for travelers, and this year there are a number of recent changes that will be of particular interest to families traveling with either young children or older relatives. Shoe removal for younger and older passengersChildren who are 12 or younger, and adults who are 75 or older are no longer required to routinely remove their shoes. However, shoe removal may be required if a passenger is selected for additional screening. Revised screening procedures for younger and older passengersThe TSA has made unspecified modifications to screening procedures for children who are 12 or younger, and adults who are 75 or older. These changes will reduce, but not eliminate, the pat-downs that happen after a passenger causes an alarm with the metal detectors or full-body scanners used by the TSA. Some snow globes are now allowedFor quite some time, all snow globes were banned from the passenger cabin and from carry-on baggage. The TSA has relaxed those rules, allowing snow globes containing less than 3.4 ounces (100 ml) of liquid in your carry-on bags. Snow globes typically don't come with volume indicators, and the TSA suggests that globes up to about the size of a tennis ball will be acceptable. TSA number for passengers with special needsTravelers with questions about screening policies can call TSA Cares at 1-855-787-2227 to have their questions answered about what to expect at the security checkpoint. If you or someone who is traveling with you has a disability or medical condition that may cause a problem during screening, a TSA Cares a representative will answer your questions and can also provide assistance that is relevant to the passenger’s specific disability or medical condition. How to fly with giftsSome TSA regulations have not changed. The TSA has to be able to inspect any gift or package, whether in checked or carry-on bags, so if you have any gifts in your luggage, you should either wrap them after your arrival, or wrap them in such a way that they can be easily opened and inspected. AirSafe.com Travel BooksAirSafe.com has published a number of guides filled with air travel advice, including a guide on baggage and security, and another on how to make complaints. If you subscribe to the AirSafe.com mailing list at subscribe.airsafe.com, you can download free PDF versions of these books, as well as buy ebook versions of the guides. If you sign up today, you will be notified when the newest guide for traveling with families comes out later this month. 10 December 2012 Normally, the articles on this site have some kind of connection to aviation. This aricle will be a notable exception. Calvin Curtis, father of AirSafe.com creator Dr. Todd Curtis, will be presented with a Congressional Gold Medal, which is the highest civilian honor bestowed by the US Congress for distinguished achievement. The medal was awarded to the Montford Point Marines in recognition of "their personal sacrifice and service to their country" as the first African-American Marines. Past recipients of the Congressional Gold Medal have included the Tuskegee Airmen; Dr. Martin Luther King and Coretta Scott King; the Navaho Code Talkers, Rosa Parks, Nelson Mandela, and Gen. Colin Powell. There were originally over 20,000 Montford Point Marines, and perhaps fewer than 500 remain alive today. Many of the surviving Montford Point Marines were honored in a group ceremony last summer in Washington, DC. Other Montford Point veterans have been honored by Marine units in local ceremonies around the country. The ceremony for Calvin Curtis will be held at 11 am on December 11, 2012, at the Naval Operational Support Center, located at Ft. Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. The public is invited to attend, and AirSafe.com encourages anyone in the San Antonio area to do so. The links below provide directions to the event, as well as details about the ceremony. 08 December 2012 If you fly long enough, you will experience an airline flight that is far from perfect, so bad that you not only want to complain to the airline, but to also share your experience with the world. While all airlines get complaints, few airlines have had as many complaints as United Airlines. Years before their merger with Continental, a merger which many believe led to a significant drop in the quality and consistency of the customer experience, United was one of the leading airlines for complaints. In fact, there were so many complaints that since 1997, the web site Untied.com (untied as in shoelaces) has exclusively featured complaints about United. The site is unusual in that it has been up for over 15 years, and has kept a laser-like focus on the problems at United. The site has been supported almost entirely by the efforts of its creator Jeremy Cooperstock, an engineering professor at McGill University in Montreal, who also has his own story to tell about how United Airlines has treated him. However, the unique resource that Jeremy has created is at risk of being destroyed. Lawsuits against Untied.comTwo recent lawsuits allege, among other things, that the site violates the airline's copyright and trademarks because it looks like the United Airlines website. The airline claims that it isn't trying to stop airline complaints from being publicized, but rather that they are trying to protect the airline' customers because they may confuse Coopperstock's site with the airline's site. Jeremy has a different interpretation, that the airline's suit is without merit, and that their goal goal is to put a strain on his time and money and to encourage him to shut down the site. How to Help Untied.comJeremy has started a legal defense fund for his site at http://www.untied.com/SLAPP. AirSafe.com encourages you to donate what you can to help Jeremy keep his site alive. You can also help by visiting untied.com and sharing any complaints you may have about United, or their merger partner Continental. | Mid | [
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(Reuters) - A former Texas policeman who has been charged with murder in the shooting of a black teenager with a rifle has left jail after posting bond, authorities said on Saturday. A combination photo shows Roy Oliver in Parker County Sheriff's Office booking photos in Weatherford, Texas, U.S. on May 5, 2017. Courtesy Parker County Sheriff's Office/Handout via REUTERS The bond for former Balch Springs officer Roy Oliver, 37, was $300,000, Dallas County Sheriff’s Department spokeswoman Melinda Urbina said in a text message. Oliver surrendered to authorities on Friday, after a warrant was issued for his arrest on a charge of murder, to the Parker County Sheriff’s Office west of Dallas and a jail official for the county confirmed Oliver was released on bond the same day. Oliver, who is white, was fired by the force of the suburban Dallas police department earlier this week for policy violations. The shooting, which took place on April 29 in a primarily black and Hispanic neighborhood in Balch Springs, about 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Dallas, stoked simmering tensions over perceived racial bias in U.S. policing. A lawyer representing Oliver did not return calls seeking comment. Balch Springs police have said Oliver and another officer were responding to a disturbance on the Saturday night and heard multiple gunshots. They came across the vehicle with the teens and ordered it to stop, but it pulled away. Jordan Edwards, a black high school student described by family and friends as a stand-out student and athlete, was struck by a bullet to the head and died. The Edwards family planned a private funeral service on Saturday. An attorney for the family has asked supporters to avoid holding any protests or vigils until the teenager is laid to rest. The Balch Springs Police Department on Tuesday announced it had dismissed Oliver for violating department policies, but it declined to give details on which policies were violated. Police body-camera footage from the scene was reviewed before the department made its decision to fire Oliver. Balch Springs Police Chief Jonathan Haber told a news conference on Tuesday that the video contradicted an earlier version he gave of the incident in which he said the car was in reverse and heading toward the officer. | Low | [
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Q: Internal Server Error (500) using Managed Client Object Model I'm attempting my first foray into the Client Object Model. In the following code, using (ClientContext context = new ClientContext(url)) // url works w- SPSite { Web web = context.Web; context.Load(web); Log.Debug("Loading web."); context.ExecuteQuery(); } The call to ExecuteQuery throws an exception: Unhandled Exception: System.Net.WebException: The remote server returned an error: (500) Internal Server Error. at System.Net.HttpWebRequest.GetResponse() at Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.SPWebRequestExecutor.Execute() at Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.ClientRequest.ExecuteQueryToServer(ChunkStringBuilder sb) at Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.ClientContext.ExecuteQuery() With so little info, I'm a little lost on where to begin debugging. There is no traffic in the ULS relating to an event... just this simple exception. What can I look into? A: An important note that I didn't realize was relevant in my question: my code is in a console application. It was necessary for me to provide credentials to the ClientContext like so: using (ClientContext context = new ClientContext(url)) // url works w- SPSite { // the domain parameter is optional // there is a constructor that takes only a username and password context.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("username", "password", "domain"); Web web = context.Web; context.Load(web); Log.Debug("Loading web."); context.ExecuteQuery(); } This resolved my HTTP 500. However, I now have to figure out why I'm seeing an HTTP 401. | Mid | [
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The driver was rushed to a major trauma hospital after getting injured this morning "There is a bit of a slope at the exit and for whatever reason he had got out of his car and gone in front of it. "The car has then rolled forward and he's got trapped between the car and the boom." A second airport worker, a lady who works in the "Meet and Greet" area, said: "The barrier at the end where you pay has been broken off. "The top brass haven't told us anything but the man has clearly got stuck between the barrier and his car." This afternoon, the ticket barrier involved in the incident was marked off and awaiting repair. The broken boom lay on the floor, while the upright piece that holds the barrier has been bent partly out the ground. A cleaner, who was clearing up the area surrounding the broken barrier where the incident took place, said: "What I have been told is that the man left his car in the wrong gear and when he got out of the car it just went forward and hit him and the plastic barrier. VOLCAN-WOAH! MUM'S AGONY "Anyone travelling to the airport is advised Terminal Road North is currently closed so to be aware of disruption." A London Stansted Airport spokesperson said: "The express set-down facility is currently closed following an earlier road traffic accident involving a single vehicle. "Police have advised that it will remain closed for the next few hours whilst they undertake their investigation. "Passengers travelling to the airport by road and intending to use the set-down facility are advised to leave extra time to get to the airport this morning and will be diverted to the Orange Short Stay Car Park upon arrival. "Bus transfers from the mid and long stay car parks are operating as normal." We pay for your stories! Do you have a story for The Sun Online news team? Email us at [email protected] or call 0207 782 4368 . You can WhatsApp us on 07810 791 502. We pay for videos too. Click here to upload yours. | Low | [
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Introduction {#s1} ============ Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with an estimated 43,400 new cases diagnosed and 8000 deaths annually [@pone.0021912-Jemal1]. Most patients (71%) have disease confined to the uterus (FIGO stage I) [@pone.0021912-Jemal1] [@pone.0021912-Mikuta1]. In 1988 the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) replaced clinical staging with surgical staging system for endometrial cancer [@pone.0021912-Mikuta1]. It is supported by several studies which indicate that as many as 25% and 50% of patients with clinical stage I, or II disease respectively had disease outside the uterus at the time of comprehensive surgical staging [@pone.0021912-Creasman1]. Whereas there is general agreement about the necessity of complete surgical staging for high risk endometrial cancer as the risk of nodal metastasis is high [@pone.0021912-Creasman2]; the need for pelvic and paraaortic lymphnode dissection with complete surgical staging for the low risk endometrial cancer has been debated passionately. [@pone.0021912-Kitchener1] [@pone.0021912-BenedettiPanici1] [@pone.0021912-Seracchioli1], [@pone.0021912-Uccella1]. The pendulum swings with some advocating only hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy without node dissection for low risk endometrial cancer [@pone.0021912-Mourits1] while others advocating comprehensive surgical staging for all patients with low risk disease [@pone.0021912-Walker1]. Still others take an intermediate path and believe that only a small fraction of patients with low risk endometrial cancer may benefit from routine and comprehensive surgical staging including a lymphadenectomy and the rest may be adequately managed by routine hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy [@pone.0021912-Mariani1]. The key question however, is how best to identify these patients who have seemingly low risk endometrial cancer but may need complete surgical staging instead. One widely used approach to address this critical question is the use of intraoperative frozen section (FS) in the decision making process. Here, the surgeon completes a hysterectomy and if the FS shows high risk features, such as high grade, deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, adnexal or cervical involvement; then a comprehensive surgical staging is undertaken and vice versa. This approach is not without its pitfalls. The intra-operative assessment of grade and myometrial invasion is based on a limited sample and may not be in agreement with the final pathology. In addition, obscuring frozen artifact and interobserver variability of gross tumor evaluation would also confound the intraoperative microscopic assessment. It is therefore important to find the agreement rate of the FS with respect to its prediction of the final pathology in the paradigm of the complete surgical staging of the low risk endometrial cancer. The literature on this issue so far is controversial with some suggesting FS to be reliable [@pone.0021912-Quinlivan1] [@pone.0021912-Shim1] whereas others refuting the same [@pone.0021912-Frumovitz1]. This controversy was highlighted by a recent study by Soliman et. al. where half of the physicians indicated that they do not use FS and the rest indicated that they use FS in their practice to decide when to perform lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer [@pone.0021912-Soliman1]. Therefore further data is urgently needed to resolve the controversy in defining the role of FS in surgical staging of low risk endometrial cancer. The primary aim of this study is to assess the agreement rate between FS and paraffin section (PS) in determining the grade, depth of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement and lymphovascular space involvement. The secondary aim is to assess the impact of disagreement between the FS and PS on the FIGO stage designation of patients with presumed stage I low-grade endometrial cancer by FS. Materials and Methods {#s2} ===================== Ethics statement {#s2a} ---------------- This study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of the Wayne State University. No patient consent was required because the data were analyzed anonymously in a deidentified fashion and it was a retrospective study. The institutional review board (IRB) of the Wayne State University specifically waived the need for consent. This is a retrospective review of endometrial cancer patients treated at Wayne State University from 1995 to 2004. All the patients had pre-operative diagnosis of low-grade endometrial cancer by endometrial biopsy or curettage. Here, low grade refers to FIGO grade I and II. FIGO staging used in the paper refers to the FIGO 1988 system of surgical staging. Primary treatment was exploratory laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy. The FS was then done on the specimen. If high-risk features were present on the FS, decision was taken to perform lymphnode dissection. Lymphadenectomy was also done on some low risk cases, based on the treating physician\'s discretion. The inclusion criteria were: endometrial cancer limited to uterus by clinical assessment & imaging studies, low grade histology by preoperative endometrial biopsy or dilation and curettage, and low grade (grade I & grade II) endometrial cancer by intra operative FS with none or \<50% myometrial invasion. Exclusion criteria were: intra-operative FS findings of grade III, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), poor prognosis histologic type like carcinosarcoma, serous papillary or clear cell cancer, patients with intra-operative FS that showed more than 50% depth of myometrial invasion and cases where extra uterine disease was identified during the surgery. Also patients with synchronous primary ovarian tumors were excluded. Intraoperative FS assessment: the specimen was sectioned serially at 2--3 mm intervals, grossly examined and areas of maximum macroscopic depth of invasion were obtained for intra-operative assessment. Two sections were taken for FS analysis. For assessment of cervical involvement, two sections were obtained from the lower uterine segment and endocervical junction for FS assessment. A median of 4 sections were examined for each patient. The sections were reviewed by the on-call pathologist and reported to the surgeon. The maximum time from receiving the specimen to having the report was 20 minutes. All final pathology reports were determined by a gynecologic pathologist. For the study, the FS slides were also reviewed by a gynecologic pathologist together with the lymph node specimens without knowing the results of final pathology results. The agreement between the PS and FS was assessed using the agreement statistic, (kappa). Comparison between the categorical variables was assessed using the chi square test. A 'p' value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS was the statistical software used for the analysis (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill). Results {#s3} ======= A total of 457 cases of endometrial carcinoma were treated by hysterectomy during this study period at our institution of which 177 cases were evaluated for tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion by intra-operative FS. At the time of FS analysis, 18% (31/177) patients were found to have a high grade (FIGO grade III) tumor or a poor prognosis histology type and were hence excluded; leaving 146 patients for the final analysis. The median age of the study cohort was 60 (range 24--88) years. Of the entire study cohort (n = 146), 73 (50%) were grade I, 45 (31%) were grade II and 28 (19%) remained ungraded on initial FS. These ungraded cases are not included in [table 1](#pone-0021912-t001){ref-type="table"} and are represented by (UG) in [figure 1](#pone-0021912-g001){ref-type="fig"}. Of the 73 cases with grade I disease, the FS and PS were in agreement in 41 (56.2%) patients but the final pathology grade was advanced to grade II in 32 (43.8%, [table 1](#pone-0021912-t001){ref-type="table"}, [figure 1](#pone-0021912-g001){ref-type="fig"}). For grade II by FS, 36 (80%) were correlated in the final pathology report, whereas 6 cases (13.3%) were upgraded to grade III & three (6.7%) cases were downgraded to grade I ([table 1](#pone-0021912-t001){ref-type="table"}, [figure 1](#pone-0021912-g001){ref-type="fig"}). Concordance between frozen and permanent section for assessment of grade was 65.3% (kappa 0.58, 95%CI 0.51--0.68). {#pone-0021912-g001} 10.1371/journal.pone.0021912.t001 ###### Comparison of histologic grade in frozen and permanent sections. {#pone-0021912-t001-1} Frozen section Permanent section diagnosis ---------------- ----------------------------- ------------------ ---------------- Grade 173 Grade 141(56.2%) Grade 232(43.8%) Grade 30 Grade 245 Grade 13(6.7%) Grade 236(80%) Grade 36(13.3) Myometrial invasion was assessed in 146 patients. By FS, 47 were found to have no MI (FS stage 1A as no extrauterine disease identified at FS or preoperatively). Of these 47, 32(68%) were in agreement on PS ([table 2](#pone-0021912-t002){ref-type="table"}) whereas the remaining 15(32%) had varying degree of MI. On the other hand, 99 patients were reported to have \<50% MI on FS (IFS stage 1B as no extrauterine disease identified at FS or preoperatively). Of these, 73(74%) were in agreement (64 with final stage 1B whereas 9 with final stage II --[table 2](#pone-0021912-t002){ref-type="table"}). Of the remaining 26(26%), 12 had no MI whereas 14 were found to have ≥50% MI. Concordance between frozen and permanent section for assessment of myometrial invasion was (105/126) 72% (kappa 0.61, 95%CI 0.53--0.69). 10.1371/journal.pone.0021912.t002 ###### Comparison of stage in frozen and permanent sections. {#pone-0021912-t002-2} Frozen section stage Permanent section stage ---------------------- ------------------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------- ----------- ------------- I A47 IA32(68%) IB11(23.4%) IC0 IIA1(2.1%) IIB0 IIIA0 IIIC3(6.3%) IB99 IA12(12%) IB64(64.6%) IC7(7%) IIA7(7%) IIB2(2%) IIIA3(3%) IIIC4(4%) Regarding the stage of the disease, 47 cases evaluated by FS were found to have stage IA disease of which 32 (68%) were in agreement, 11(23.4%) were upstaged to IB, 1 (2.1%) upstaged to IIA and 3(6.4%) upstaged to IIIC. On the other hand, 99 patients were thought to have stage IB disease by FS of which 64(64.6%) were in agreement, 12 (12.1%) down staged to IA, 7 (7%) upstaged to IC, 9 (9%) upstaged to II A & B (7% & 2% respectively), 3 (3%) upstaged to IIIA, and 4 (4%) upstaged to stage IIIC ([table 2](#pone-0021912-t002){ref-type="table"}, [figure 2](#pone-0021912-g002){ref-type="fig"}). The FS displayed no cervical involvement for 122 patients in the study cohort of which 16 (13%) were determined to be false negative by the permanent histology by virtue of identification of tumor involving the cervix. Concordance between frozen and permanent section for assessment of cervical invasion was 86.9% (kappa 0.78, 95%CI 0.65--0.91) The FS stage in these 16 patients was FIGO IA in 3 and FIGO IB in 13. By definition of the inclusion criteria, all patients were negative for LVSI by FS. However, on final pathology report, 34 (31.7%) patients had LVSI, 73 did not have LVSI and in the rest 39, it was not assessed. It is noteworthy that 4 (14.2%) of patients with stage IA, and 30 (37.9%) of stage IB by FS, had positive LVSI. Concordance between frozen and permanent section for assessment of LVSI was 68.3% (kappa 0.60, 95%CI 0.52--0.69). {#pone-0021912-g002} A total of 83 of 146 (56.8%) patients underwent lymph node dissection. Of these patients, 97.6% underwent pelvic while 42.1% underwent paraaortic lymph node dissection. The median number of pelvic nodes obtained was 7 (range 1--35) and that of paraaortic lymph nodes was 4 (range 1--14). In all, 7 (8.4%) had lymph node metastasis. Pelvic lymph node metastasis was found in 5 patients (6%), whereas aortic lymph node metastasis was found in 1 (1.2%). One patient had involvement of both, pelvic and paraaortic nodes (1.2%). Of the 47 patients who had FS stage IA disease, lymphadenectomy was done in 23 (48.9%) while 24 patients did not have complete surgical staging. Of those who underwent lymphadenectomy, 3 (13%) cases had positive lymph nodes and were upstaged from IA to IIIC. All of these 3 cases had a change in myometrial invasion from none to a median of 22% (18%, 22% and 32% individually). In addition, they also had a change of FS grade 2 to PS grade 3. Of the 99 patients with FS stage IB disease, 60(60.6%) patients had lymphadenectomy and 39 cases did not. A total of 6.7%(n = 4/60) patients in this subgroup had positive nodes and were upstaged to FIGO Stage IIIC ([figure 3](#pone-0021912-g003){ref-type="fig"}). The median myometrial invasion for these 4 patients was 58%. The overall rate of agreement between the FS and that of the PS for variables in question (grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion and cervical invasion) is presented in [table 3](#pone-0021912-t003){ref-type="table"} along with the agreement statistic; kappa. {#pone-0021912-g003} 10.1371/journal.pone.0021912.t003 ###### (%) Agreement between frozen section and paraffin section with the corresponding agreement statistic (Kappa) for different variables in endometrial cancer. {#pone-0021912-t003-3} Variable (%) Agreement Kappa (95% Confidence Interval for Kappa) p ------------------------------- --------------- ------- ------------------------------------- ---------- Myometrial invasion 72 0.61 0.53--0.69 \<0.0001 Cervical invasion 86.9 0.78 0.65--0.91 0.002 Lymphovascular space invasion 68.3 0.60 0.52--0.69 0.01 Grade 65.3 0.58 0.51--0.68 0.003 Discussion {#s4} ========== The management of low risk endometrial cancer has been a subject of great controversy in our times. Central to the controversy remain the independent yet intertwined issues of lymphadenectomy and postoperative radiation therapy. Unfortunately, rather than forging ahead with a unified theory of treatment of this disease, there has been an emerging dichotomy between the European and the North American way of management of low risk endometrial cancer. The European approach depicts treatment of low risk endometrial cancer by performing a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy without dissection of lymphnodes routinely. This approach had been demonstrated by several prominent treatment centers participating in some of the largest prospective randomized control trial programs in endometrial cancer [@pone.0021912-Mourits1], [@pone.0021912-Creutzberg1]. The advocates of this approach cite a perceived lack of benefit from routine lymphadenectomy in low risk endometrial cancer [@pone.0021912-Kitchener1] [@pone.0021912-BenedettiPanici1] along with achieving a potential benefit by sterilizing the nodal harbors of residual neoplastic clones in the lymphatic basins by aggressive use of adjuvant radiation [@pone.0021912-Creutzberg1]. In contrast is the North American approach advocating a routine lymph node assessment in endometrial cancer demonstrated by large cooperative group trial programs [@pone.0021912-Walker1] and suggested by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology [@pone.0021912-Hernandez1]. Supporters of this approach believe that surgical removal of lymphatic basins reduces tumor burden and minimizes the blanket use of unnecessary radiation, which will be given more frequently if surgical removal of lymphatic basins was not undertaken in this patient population. The gnawing limitations emanating from inadequate lymph node dissection and a lack of standard postoperative adjuvant treatment has introduced serious flaws in the prospective randomized lymphadenectomy trials [@pone.0021912-BenedettiPanici1] [@pone.0021912-Kitchener1] and has further fuelled the controversy surrounding the role of lymphadenectomy in low risk endometrial cancer [@pone.0021912-Dowdy1]. It has therefore become essential to examine an approach suggested by many as a reasonable compromise between the two polar opposite management strategies, namely; selective lymphnode dissection in low risk endometrial cancer based on high risk histology features discovered during intraoperative FS. This approach is based on the prerogative of maximizing pre-test probability of finding lymphnode metastasis if formal lymphadenectomy was undertaken and at least in theory, has the promise of avoiding the expense & morbidity of lymphadenectomy in patients who are at extremely low risk of lymphnode metastasis. On the other hand, it can also reduce the prescription of unnecessary blanket postoperative radiation. However, this intermediate approach of FS based selective lymphadenectomy in low risk endometrial cancer relies on two critical factors: the (%) agreement between FS and PS (because the historic risk factors for lymphnode assessment are based on final pathology rather than FS [@pone.0021912-Creasman2]) and the accuracy of these variables in predicting the actual lymphatic metastasis. In the present study, we evaluated the former of these two critical factors. The first objective of this study was to correlate the grade and depth of myometrial invasion by FS with that of permanent pathology. Our results correlate with that of Frumovitz et al [@pone.0021912-Frumovitz1] who showed that FS analysis of tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion are not always concordant with that of permanent sections. In the present study, for the intra-operative grade I, 44% were upgraded while in grade II, 13% were upgraded and 6.6% were downgraded. Hence in our series, there was 34.8% disagreement in assessing the grade of the tumor in comparison with PS. The clinical significance of upgrading in endometrial cancer was well depicted by Creasman et al. [@pone.0021912-Creasman2] in a seminal GOG study showing that a change of grade from I to II doubled the probability of middle third as well as outer third myometrial invasion; both of which signify a higher recurrence rate, poorer prognosis and generally call of additional adjuvant radiation [@pone.0021912-Creutzberg1] [@pone.0021912-Nout1]. Along the same lines, we observed that in assessment of depth of myometrial invasion, disagreement was found in 28% of the cases in comparison with the PS with the overall agreement rate of 72%. More importantly, 7% of the cases were upstaged from FIGO stage IB to IC; a subgroup of endometrial cancer patients with extremely poor prognosis [@pone.0021912-Creutzberg2]. In this study, lymph node dissection was done in 56.8% of the lesions evaluated by FS and positive lymphnodes were found in 8.4% of them overall. Our data display that 13% and 6.6% patients in FS stage IA and IB respectively had lymphnode metastasis. The seemingly paradoxical finding of a higher rate of nodal metastasis in FS stage 1A in comparison to FS stage 1B can be explained by the fact that the three patients who had the nodal metastasis in FS stage 1A were all upgraded from grade 2 to grade 3 along with an amended extent of myometrial invasion from none (on FS) to a median of 22% (on PS). These data display that if FS was used in isolation for risk stratification; 7% to 13% patients would have received suboptimal treatment by forgoing lymphadenectomy as they would have had positive nodes on lymphadenectomy. Although the statistical measure of agreement (kappa-[table 3](#pone-0021912-t003){ref-type="table"}) was generally in good/excellent range between the FS and PS; a 7%--13% prevalence of missed nodal metastasis seems clinically unacceptable for low risk endometrial cancer patients. Therefore, the interpretation of kappa in this specific scenario needs to be in context of the clinical implications rather than independent of the later. The risk of pelvic lymphnode involvement increases fivefold and that of paraaortic lymphnode involvement increases six fold as the depth of myometiral invasion changes from superficial to deep [@pone.0021912-Creasman2]. It is not unreasonable to expect that in routine clinical practice, disagreement of FS in prediction of grade, myometrial invasion and their cumulative impact on reducing the prevalence of surgical assessment of lymphnodes will be mutually multiplicative and has the potential of leading to the suboptimal treatment in a substantial number of patients. Similar to our study, others have reported a 5%--7% [@pone.0021912-Quinlivan1] [@pone.0021912-Shim1] risk of suboptimal surgical treatment of endometrial cancer patients when FS analysis is considered as the basis of surgical management. The overall agreement on LVSI between FS and PS was 68.3%. The probability of finding LVSI on PS was higher for FS stage 1B as compared to 1A (p = 0.02, Chi square). This observation will be consistent with the known risk stratification value of LVSI where a presence of the same signifies a higher risk category of endometrial cancer. Selection of a section of endomyometrium for assessment of the maximum depth of invasion is based on gross evaluation of the tumor. This might prove to be difficult as often the findings could be subtle especially when associated with a grade I tumor. Furthermore, determination of the exact extent of myometrial involvement in the setting of FS is challenging as the invasion line can be extremely heterogeneous with presence of skip metastasis as pointed out by others [@pone.0021912-Quinlivan1]. FS has poor sensitivity to detect microscopic foci of the disease in the cervix, which could be found only in permanent sections [@pone.0021912-AttardMontalto1]. This was displayed in the present study where the FS was 13′% inaccurate on assessing the cervical involvement by the tumor in comparison to the permanent sections. The factors responsible for disagreement of FS grade include inadequate sampling to assess the amount of solid growth [@pone.0021912-Luzio1] and/or technical artifact associated with the surgery or FS process which might hamper the assessment of nuclear atypia. Evaluating additional sections would increase the agreement rate between the FS and PS however it will delay the time to diagnosis negating the advantage of this procedure [@pone.0021912-Quinlivan1]. Although we do not have data in support, but it seems likely that the errors in FS may be higher in absence of specialized gynecologic pathologists in many community hospitals. This would indirectly imply that where possible, referral to a gynecologic oncologist might be considered at the initial diagnosis of endometrial cancer because these physicians are specifically trained to perform accurate surgical staging of endometrial cancer. Although the therapeutic value of lymphadenectomy is debatable in low risk endometrial cancer, the prognostic and treatment planning implications are clear [@pone.0021912-Klopp1]. Therefore, the consequences of errors that lead to incomplete surgical staging can be substantial. Patients who are incompletely staged at the time of the surgery and found to have high risk disease on final pathology, may need extended field radiotherapy or further staging procedures [@pone.0021912-BenShachar1] [@pone.0021912-Quinlivan1]. The combination of surgery and radiotherapy is associated with significant morbidity in up to 12% of the patients [@pone.0021912-BenShachar1]. Finally, the adverse financial impact of suboptimal surgical staging has been shown by many as well [@pone.0021912-BenShachar1], [@pone.0021912-Barnes1], [@pone.0021912-Fanning1]. The Limitation of this study is its retrospective nature combined with limited number of patients. However the data was collected from a single cancer center and the FS slides were reviewed and compared with the permanent sections by a gynecologic pathologist who was blinded to the final outcome at the time of assessment of the FS. Therefore, the bias in assessment of FS histology was minimized. It is to be noted that the application of the new FIGO 2009 staging criteria of the endometrial cancer to our data may decrease the disagreement rate of the myometiral invasion between FS and PS in terms of the upstaging. This is because the new FIGO 2009 staging clubs together the older (1988) stage IA and 1B. However, a large study of prospectively maintained data at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York [@pone.0021912-AbuRustum1], has highlighted the limitation of the new staging schema as it eliminates the group of patients with the best prognosis (i.e. old stage 1A = no myometrial invasion). It is also correctly noted that the predictive value of the prognosis for the new stage 1 system represents no improvements in comparison to the older system. Therefore, our data is presented according to the FIGO 1988 staging scheme. In summary, our data displays that FS is poor indicator of tumor grade and depth of myometrial invasion compared with that of final permanent section report. Significant number of patients with low-grade endometrial cancer based on intraoperative FS will have a higher grade, a higher stage and presence of lymphovascular space invasion on final pathology. Because a substantial number of patients in our study underwent a lymphnode dissection and were not identified to be at risk of lymphnode metastasis by FS, we learned that the wisdom of basing a decision of lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer on the FS may lead to suboptimal treatment of these patients. Hence, as recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) [@pone.0021912-Hernandez1] we support the notion of complete surgical staging along with lymphnode retrieval for patients with low grade early stage endometrial cancer unless medical contraindications exist. **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. **Funding:**The authors have no support or funding to report. [^1]: Conceived and designed the experiments: SK JPS RM AM RAF. Performed the experiments: SK SB JPS HM RAF. Analyzed the data: SK JPS HM RAF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AM RM RAF. Wrote the paper: SK JPS AS RAF. | Mid | [
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51EVERYONE WHO believes (adheres to, trusts, and relies on the fact) that Jesus is the Christ (the Messiah) is a born-again child of God; and everyone who loves the Father also loves the one born of Him (His offspring).2By this we come to know (recognize and understand) that we love the children of God: when we love God and obey His commands (orders, charges)--[when we keep His ordinances and are mindful of His precepts and His teaching].3For the [true] love of God is this: that we do His commands [keep His ordinances and are mindful of His precepts and teaching]. And these orders of His are not irksome (burdensome, oppressive, or grievous).4For whatever is born of God is victorious over the world; and this is the victory that conquers the world, even our faith.5Who is it that is victorious over [that conquers] the world but he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God [who adheres to, trusts in, and relies on that fact]?6This is He Who came by (with) water and blood [[C]Marvin Vincent, Word Studies.His baptism and His death], Jesus Christ (the Messiah)--not by (in) the water only, but by (in) the water and the blood. And it is the [Holy] Spirit Who bears witness, because the [Holy] Spirit is the Truth.7So there are three witnesses [D]The italicized section is found only in late manuscripts.in heaven: the Father, the Word and the Holy Spirit, and these three are One;8and there are three witnesses on the earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three agree [are in unison; their testimony coincides].9If we accept [as we do] the testimony of men [if we are willing to take human authority], the testimony of God is greater (of stronger authority), for this is the testimony of God, even the witness which He has borne regarding His Son.10He who believes in the Son of God [who adheres to, trusts in, and relies on Him] has the testimony [possesses this divine attestation] within himself. He who does not believe God [in this way] has made Him out to be and represented Him as a liar, because he has not believed (put his faith in, adhered to, and relied on) the evidence (the testimony) that God has borne regarding His Son.11And this is that testimony (that evidence): God gave us eternal life, and this life is in His Son.12He who possesses the Son has that life; he who does not possess the Son of God does not have that life.13I write this to you who believe in (adhere to, trust in, and rely on) the name of the Son of God [in [E]Joseph Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon.the peculiar services and blessings conferred by Him on men], so that you may know [with settled and absolute knowledge] that you [already] have life, [F]Brooke F. Westcott, cited by Speaker’s Commentary.yes, eternal life.14And this is the confidence (the assurance, the privilege of boldness) which we have in Him: [we are sure] that if we ask anything (make any request) according to His will (in agreement with His own plan), He listens to and hears us.15And if (since) we [positively] know that He listens to us in whatever we ask, we also know [with settled and absolute knowledge] that we have [granted us as our present possessions] the requests made of Him.16If anyone sees his brother [believer] committing a sin that does not [lead to] death (the extinguishing of life), he will pray and [God] will give him life [yes, He will grant life to all those whose sin is not one leading to death]. There is a sin [that leads] to death; I do not say that one should pray for that.17All wrongdoing is sin, and there is sin which does not [involve] death [that may be repented of and forgiven].18We know [absolutely] that anyone born of God does not [deliberately and knowingly] practice committing sin, but the One Who was begotten of God carefully watches over and protects him [Christ’s divine presence within him preserves him against the evil], and the wicked one does not lay hold (get a grip) on him or touch [him].19We know [positively] that we are of God, and the whole world [around us] is under the power of the evil one.20And we [have seen and] know [positively] that the Son of God has [actually] come to this world and has given us understanding and insight [progressively] to perceive (recognize) and come to know better and more clearly Him Who is true; and we are in Him Who is true--in His Son Jesus Christ (the Messiah). This [Man] is the true God and Life eternal.21Little children, keep yourselves from idols (false gods)--[from anything and everything that would occupy the place in your heart due to God, from any sort of substitute for Him that would take first place in your life]. Amen (so let it be). | Mid | [
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HOME Welcome to The Fun Pimps Crib! The Fun Pimps are the creators of the hit survival game ‘7 Days to Die’ with over 2.5 Million copies sold on PC. Mac and Linux. The Fun Pimps A.K.A. TFP are a small dedicated group of highly experienced Game and Software developers with a passion to make games that both our team and gamers really want to play. Our goal is to create a lasting gaming experience you can’t get anywhere else. It’s more than a game it’s a labor of love! Our team grew from humble beginnings making mods for games and those roots have taken seed. But we haven’t forgotten where we came from and the importance of growing a strong vision with the support and passion of the people we’re making the game for. The average 7 Days to Die Team member has over 14 years of experience in Game and Software Development working with or for many top companies. We’re too experienced to call indie but still small enough to do the innovative and sometimes risky things that AAA studios are afraid to try. So if you’re with us buckle your seat belts survivors, grab your pickaxe, compass and knapsack and let’s start kicking some Zombie ass and making some cool ass MacGyver shit! Check out the 7 Days to Die home page or our Steam Store page to learn more and play 7 Days to Die the definitive zombie survival sandbox RPG that came first, Navezgane awaits! | Mid | [
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Ask HN: An alternative to Linode? - tsemnivar I was going to move my work to Linode within the past week or so, but then the credit card fiasco happened.<p>I assume the worst is over, but I don't know if I should risk using Linode.<p>Are there any alternatives that seem to be on par with Linode? ====== davman I switched over to DigitalOcean a while back and haven't had any issues. Relatively speedy support response, cheap, SSDs, I'm happy at least for my meagre VPS needs. ~~~ mzelinka Yes, DigitalOcean is definitely a good alternative, take a look at www.digitalocean.com/customer-stories! ------ chuhnk I'm a really big fan of Ramnode right now. Very well priced with great performance. Alternatively you can look at serverbear.com for comparisons. | Mid | [
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--- a/src/htslib-1.7/Makefile.Rhtslib 2020-02-08 17:12:30.000000000 -0600 +++ b/src/htslib-1.7/Makefile.Rhtslib 2020-02-08 19:08:45.969675431 -0600 @@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ # Default libraries to link if configure is not used htslib_default_libs = -lz -lm -lbz2 -llzma -CPPFLAGS = +CPPFLAGS += $(BZIP2_INCLUDE) $(XZ_INCLUDE) # TODO: probably update cram code to make it compile cleanly with -Wc++-compat # For testing strict C99 support add -std=c99 -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600 #CFLAGS = -g -Wall -O2 -pedantic -std=c99 -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600 -D__FUNCTION__=__func__ -CFLAGS = -g -Wall -O2 +CFLAGS += -g -Wall -O2 EXTRA_CFLAGS_PIC = -fpic -LDFLAGS = +LDFLAGS += $(BZIP2_LIB) $(XZ_LIB) LIBS = $(htslib_default_libs) prefix = /usr/local | Low | [
0.49867374005305004,
23.5,
23.625
] |
--- abstract: | We determine the unique hypergraphs with maximum spectral radius among all connected $k$-uniform ($k\geq 3$) unicyclic hypergraphs with matching number at least $z$, and among all connected $k$-uniform ($k\geq 3$) unicyclic hypergraphs with a given matching number, respectively. [**AMS Classification:**]{} 05C50 [**Keywords:**]{} Spectral radius; Unicyclic hypergraphs; Matching number author: - | Guanglong Yu$^{a,b}$[^1] Chao Yan$^c$ Yarong Wu$^d$ Hailiang Zhang$^e$$^{\dag}$ \ \ [$^a$Department of Mathematics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, Guangdong, China]{}\ [$^b$Department of Mathematics, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu, China]{}\ [$^c$Department of Mathematics, Pujiang Institute, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211101, Jiangsu, China]{}\ [$^d$ SMU college of art and science, Shanghai maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, China]{}\ [$^e$Department of Mathematics, Taizhou University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, China]{} title: '[**On the spectral radii of the unicyclic hypergraphs with fixed matching number[^2]**]{}' --- 18.6pt Introduction ============ In the 19th century, Gauss et al. had introduced the concept of tensors in the study of differential geometry. In the very beginning of the 20th century, Ricci et al. further developed tensor analysis as a mathematical discipline. It was Einstein who applied tensor analysis in his study of general relativity in 1916. This made tensor analysis become an important tool in theoretical physics, continuum mechanics and many other areas of science and engineering. Thus a comprehensive study of issues relevant to tensors has been undertaken [@DGAO; @KCHX; @KTLH; @LLS; @LQIE; @YRTT]. Denote by $\mathbb{C}$ the set of all complex numbers, $\mathbb{R}$ the set of all real numbers, $\mathbb{R}_{+}$ the set of all nonegative real numbers and $\mathbb{R}^{n}_{++}$ the set of all positive real numbers. Recall that a $k$th-order $n$-dimensional real tensor $\mathcal {T}$ consists of $n^{k}$ entries in real numbers: $\mathcal {T} = (\mathcal {T}_{i_{1}\cdots i_{k}}), \mathcal {T}_{i_{1}\cdots i_{k}}\in R$, $1 \leq i_{1}, \ldots, i_{k} \leq n$. $\mathcal {T}$ is called symmetric if the value of $\mathcal {T}_{i_{1}\cdots i_{k}}$ is invariant under any permutation of its indices $i_{1}, \ldots, i_{k}$. $\mathcal {T}X^{k-1}$ is a vector in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ with its ith component as $(\mathcal {T}X^{k-1})_{i} =\sum^{n}_{i_{2}, \ldots, i_{k}=1} \mathcal {T}_{i, i_{2}, \ldots, i_{k}} x_{i_{2}}\cdots x_{i_{k}}$, where $X=(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n)^T\in \mathbb{C}^{n}$; for $X=(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n)^T\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$, $X^{T}\mathcal {T}X^{k-1}=\sum^{n}_{i_{1}, i_{2}, \ldots, i_{k}=1} \mathcal {T}_{i_{1}, i_{2}, \ldots, i_{k}} x_{i_{1}}x_{i_{2}}\cdots x_{i_{k}}$. [**[@KCKPZ], [@LQIE]**]{}\[de01,01\] Let $\mathcal {T}$ be a kth-order n-dimensional tensor. A pair $(\lambda, X)$ $(X\in\mathbb{C}^{n}\setminus \{0\})$ is called an eigenvalue and an eigenvector of $\mathcal {T}$ if they satisfy $\mathcal {T}X^{k-1}=\lambda X^{[k-1]} $, where $X^{[k-1]}=(x^{k-1}_{1}, x^{k-1}_{2}, \ldots, x^{k-1}_{n})^T$. The $spectrum$ of a real symmetric tensor $\mathcal {T}$ is defined as the multiset of its eigenvalues, and its $spectral$ $radius$, denoted by $\rho(\mathcal {T})$, is the maximum modulus among its all eigenvalues. [**[@LQI]**]{}\[le01.02\] Let $\mathcal {T}$ be a kth-order $n$-dimensional nonnegative symmetric tensor. Then we have $\rho(\mathcal {T}) = \max\{X^{T}\mathcal {T}X^{k-1}\mid \sum^{n}_{i=1}x^{k}_{i}= 1, X\in R^{n}_{+}\}$. Furthermore, $x\in R^{n}_{+}$ with $\sum^{n}_{i=1}x^{k}_{i}=1$ is an optimal solution of above optimization problem if and only if it is an eigenvector of $\mathcal {T}$ corresponding to the eigenvalue $\rho(\mathcal {T})$. In recent years, since the work of Qi [@LQIE] and Lim [@LLS], the study of the spectra of tensors and hypergraphs with their various applications has attracted extensive attention and interest. In 2008, Lim [@LLE] proposed the study of the spectra of hypergraphs via the spectra of tensors. In 2012, Cooper and Dutle [@CJDA] defined the spectrum of a uniform hypergraph as the spectrum of the adjacency tensor of that hypergraph, and obtained hypergraph generalizations of many basic results of spectral graph theory. The (adjacency) spectrum of uniform hypergraphs were further studied in [@MFYZ; @LKNY; @LSQ; @JZLS; @XYJS]. Recall that a $hypergraph$ $G=(V, E)$ consists of a vertex set $V=V(G)$ and an edge set $E=E(G)$, where $V=V(G)$ is nonempty and each edge $e\in E(G)$ is a subset of $V(G)$ containing at least two elements. The cardinality $n=\|V(G)\|$ is called the order; $m=\|E(G)\|$ is called the edge number of hypergraph $G$. Denote by $t$-set a set with size (cardinality) $t$. We say that a hypergraph $G$ is $uniform$ if its every edge has the same size, and call it $k$-$uniform$ if its every edge has size $k$ (i.e. every edge is a $k$-subset). It is well known that a $2$-graph is the general graph. The $adjacency$ $tensor$ $\mathcal {A} =\mathcal {A}(G)$ of a $k$-uniform graph $G$ refers to a multi-dimensional array with entries $\mathcal {A}_{i_{1}\cdots i_{k}}$ such that $$\mathcal {A}_{i_{1}\cdots i_{k}}= \left \{\begin{array}{ll} \frac{1}{(k-1)! }, \ & \ if\ \{i_{1}, \ldots, i_{k}\}\ is\ an\ edge\ of\ G\\ 0, \ & \ others. \end{array}\right.$$ where each $i_{j}$ runs from 1 to $n$ for $j\in[k]$ $([k]=\{1, 2, \ldots, k\})$. It can be seen that $\mathcal {A}$ is symmetric. For convenience, the spectrum of the adjacency tensor of hypergraph $G$ is called the spectrum of $G$, the spectral radius $\rho(\mathcal {A})$ is called the spectral radius of $G$. We employ $\rho(G)$ to denote the spectral radius of $G$ without discrimination. From Lemma \[le01.02\], we know that for a $k$-uniform hypergraph $G$, $\rho(G)$ is the optimization of the system $f(X)=X^{T}\mathcal {A}X^{k-1}$ based on this hypergraph under the condition $\sum^{n}_{i=1}x^{k}_{i}= 1, X\in R^{n}_{+}$. In spectral theory of hypergraphs, the spectral radius is an index that attracts much attention due to the fine properties [@KCKPZ; @YFTP; @SFSH; @LSQ; @HLBZ; @LLSM; @COQY; @YQY]. We assume that the hypergraphs throughout the paper are simple, i.e. $e_{i} \neq e_{j}$ if $i \neq j$. For a hypergraph $G$, we define $G-e$ ($G+e$) to be the graph obtained from $G$ by deleting the edge $e\in E(G)$ (by adding an new edge $e$ if $e\notin E(G)$); for a edge subset $B\subseteq E(G)$, we define $G-B$ to be the graph obtained from $G$ by deleting each edge $e\in B$. For two $k$-uniform hypergraphs $G_{1}=(V_{1}, E_{1})$ and $G_{2}=(V_{2}, E_{2})$, we say the two graphs are $isomorphic$ if there is a bijection $f$ from $V_{1}$ to $V_{2}$, and there is a bijection $g$ from $E_{1}$ to $E_{2}$ that maps each edge $\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{k}\}$ to $\{f(v_{1})$, $f(v_{2})$, $\ldots$, $f(v_{k})\}$. In a hypergraph, two vertices are said to be $adjacent$ if both of them is contained in an edge. The $neighbor$ $set$ of vertex $v$ in hypergraph $G$, denoted by $N_{G}(v)$, is the set of vertices adjacent to $v$ in $G$. Two edges are said to be $adjacent$ if their intersection is not empty. An edge $e$ is said to be $incident$ with a vertex $v$ if $v\in e$. The $degree$ of a vertex $v$ in $G$, denoted by $deg_{G}(v)$ (or $deg(v)$ for short), is the number of the edges incident with $v$. For a hypergraph $G$, among all its vertices, we denote by $\Delta(G)$ (or $\Delta$ for short) the $maximal$ $degree$, and denote by $\delta(G)$ (or $\delta$ for short) the $minimal$ $degree$ respectively. A vertex of degree $1$ is called a $pendant$ $vertex$. A $pendant$ $edge$ is an edge with exactly one vertex of degree more than one and other vertices in this edge being all pendant vertices. A pendant vertex in a pendant edge is called a $PP$-$vertex$ here, and a vertex which is not a $PP$-vertex is called a $NPP$-$vertex$. In a hypergraph $G$, a $path$ of length $q$ ($q$-$path$) is defined to be an alternating sequence of vertices and edges $v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}\cdots v_{q}e_{q}v_{q+1}$ such that (1) $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{q+1}$ are all distinct vertices; (2) $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$, $\ldots$, $e_{q}$ are all distinct edges; (3) $v_{i}$, $v_{i+1}\in e_{i}$ for $i = 1$, $2$, $\ldots$, $q$. A $cycle$ of length $q$ ($q$-$cycle$) $v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}\cdots v_{q}e_{q}v_{1}$ is obtained from a path $v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}\cdots v_{q}$ by adding a new edge $e_{q}$ between $v_{1}$ and $v_{q}$ where $e_{q}\neq e_{i}$ for $1\leq i\leq q-1$. We denote by $L(C)$ the length of a cycle $C$. A hypergraph $G$ is connected if there exists a path starting at $v$ and terminating at $u$ for all $v, u \in V$, and $G$ is called $acyclic$ if it contains no cycle. In a connected hypergraph $G$, the $distance$ of vertex $u, v$, denoted by $d(u, v)$ or $d_{G}(u, v)$, is the length of the shortest path from $u$ to $v$. A hypergraph $G$ is called a $linear$ $hypergraph$, if each pair of the edges of $G$ have at most one common vertex. A $supertree$ is a hypergraph which is both connected and acyclic. Clearly, an acyclic hypergraph is linear. A connected $k$-uniform hypergraph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges is $r$-cyclic if $n-1 =(k-1)m-r$. For $r=1$ or $2$, it is called a $unicyclic$ $hypergraph$ or a $bicyclic$ $hypergraph$; for $r=0$, it is a supertree. In [@COQY], C. Ouyang et al. proved that a simple connected $k$-graph $G$ is unicyclic (1-cyclic) if and only if it has only one cycle. From this, for a unicyclic hypergraph $G$ with unique cycle $C$, it follows that (1) if $L(C)=2$, then the two edges in $C$ have exactly two common vertices, and $\|e\cap f\|\leq 1$ for any two edges $e$ and $f$ not in $C$ simultaneously; (2) if $L(C)\geq 3$, then any two edges in $G$ have at most one common vertices; (3) every connected component of $G-E(C)$ is a supertree. From [@SFSH], for a connected uniform hypergraph $G$ of order $n$, we know that there is unique one positive eigenvector $X=(x(v_{1})$, $x(v_{2})$, $\ldots$, $x(v_{n}))^T \in R^{n}_{++}$ corresponding to $\rho(G)$ where $\sum^{n}_{i=1}x^{k}(v_{i})= 1$, each vertex $v_i$ is mapped to $x(v_i)$. We call such an eigenvector $X$ the $principal$ $eigenvector$ of $G$. In the principal eigenvector, a vertex $u$ is said to be a $M_{a}$-$vertex$ if $x(u)=\max\{x(v)\mid v\in V(G)\}$. A $matching$ of hypergraph $G$ is a subset of independent (pairwise nonadjacent) edges of $E(G)$. The *matching number* of $G$, denoted by $\alpha(G)$, is the maximum of the cardinalities of all matchings. A $maximal$ $matching$ of $G$ is a matching of $G$ with cardinality $\alpha(G)$. The topic about matching and matching number of a graph or a hypergraph always attract the researchers. In [@YHJL], the authors determined the unique general tree with maximum spectral radius among all connected general trees with a fixed matching number. In [@AYFT], the authors determined the unique unicyclic general graphs with maximum spectral radius among all the unicyclic general graphs with with fixed matching number. Recently, in [@HGBZ], the authors determined the unique supertrees with maximum spectral radius among all connected $k$-uniform supertrees with a fixed matching number. Note that from the acyclic graph to cyclic graph, the idea or techniques of researching problems always need some quite different transits. Now, an natural problem arising is that how about the maximum spectral radius among all connected $k$-uniform ($k\geq 3$) cyclic hypergraphs with a fixed matching number. Motivated by this, we consider the maximum spectral radius among all connected $k$-uniform ($k\geq 3$) unicyclic hypergraph with a fixed matching number. Let $\mathscr{U}(n,k;f;r,s;t,w)$ ($f\leq 1$, $r\leq k-2$, $s\leq k-2$, $w\leq k-2$) be a $k$-uniform unicyclic hypergraph of order $n$ obtained from a 2-cycle $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ by: (1) attaching $f$ pendant edge to vertex $v_{2}$; (2) attaching $r$ pendant edges to $r$ vertices of $e_{1}\setminus\{v_{1}, v_{2}\}$ respectively (i.e. each of these $r$ vertices is attached exactly one pendant edge); (3) attaching $s$ pendant edges to $s$ vertices of $e_{2}\setminus\{v_{1}, v_{2}\}$ respectively; (4) attaching $t$ nonpendant edge to $v_{1}$ which is neither $e_{1}$ nor $e_{2}$, where for every edge of these $t$ edges, each vertex of this edge other than $v_{1}$ is attached exactly one pendant edge; (5) attaching one nonpendant edges to $v_{1}$ which is neither $e_{1}$ nor $e_{2}$, where there is a $w$-subset (a subset with cardinality $w$) of this edge containing no $v_{1}$ that each vertex of this subset is attached exactly one pendant edge; (6) attaching $m-f-r-s-t-t(k-1)-w-\lceil\frac{w}{k-1}\rceil-2$ pendant edges to $v_{1}$, where $m=\frac{n}{k-1}$ (For example, see figures shown in Fig. 1.1). Denote by $\mathcal {H}=\{G\mid G$ is a $k$-uniform unicyclic hypergraph of order $n$ and with $\alpha(G)\geq z$, where $k\geq 3\}$, $\mathbb{H}=\{G\mid G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\alpha(G)= z\}$, $\rho_{max}=\max\{\rho(G)\mid G\in \mathcal {H}\}$, $\rho^{\ast}_{max}=\max\{\rho(G)\mid G\in \mathbb{H}\}$. In this paper, we determine the $\rho_{max}$ and $\rho^{\ast}_{max}$, getting the following results. (873,220) (0,141)(0,156)(4,167)(4,167)(9,178)(17,178)(17,178)(24,178)(29,167)(29,167)(34,156)(34,141)(34,141)(34,125)(29,114)(29,114)(24,103)(17,103) (17,104)(9,104)(4,114)(4,114)(0,125)(0,141) (16,177) (17,105) (16,177)(0,125)(17,105) (16,177)(32,126)(17,105) (23,169)(23,167)(29,166)(29,166)(36,165)(47,165)(47,165)(57,165)(64,166)(64,166)(71,167)(71,169)(71,169)(71,170)(64,171)(64,171)(57,172)(47,172) (47,172)(36,172)(29,171)(29,171)(22,170)(23,169) (26,153)(26,154)(33,155)(33,155)(40,156)(50,156)(50,156)(59,156)(66,155)(66,155)(74,154)(74,153)(74,153)(74,151)(66,150)(66,150)(59,149)(50,149) (50,150)(40,150)(33,150)(33,150)(26,151)(26,153) (28,118)(28,119)(34,120)(34,120)(41,121)(51,121)(51,121)(60,121)(67,120)(67,120)(74,119)(74,118)(74,118)(74,116)(67,115)(67,115)(60,114)(51,114) (51,115)(41,115)(34,115)(34,115)(27,116)(28,118) (60,142) (60,135) (60,127) (263,153)(263,168)(258,179)(258,179)(252,190)(245,190)(245,190)(237,190)(231,179)(231,179)(227,168)(226,153)(226,153)(227,137)(231,126)(231,126)(237,116)(245,116) (245,116)(252,116)(258,126)(258,126)(263,137)(263,153) (245,190) (245,117) (245,190)(228,144)(245,117) (245,190)(260,142)(245,117) (244,190)(244,191)(251,193)(251,193)(259,194)(270,194)(270,194)(280,194)(288,193)(288,193)(296,191)(296,190)(296,190)(296,188)(288,186)(288,186)(280,185)(270,185) (270,186)(259,186)(251,186)(251,186)(244,188)(244,190) (143,193) (144,118) (726,180) (162,154)(162,169)(157,181)(157,181)(151,192)(144,192)(144,192)(136,192)(130,181)(130,181)(126,169)(125,154)(125,154)(126,138)(130,126)(130,126)(136,115)(144,115) (144,116)(151,116)(157,126)(157,126)(162,138)(162,154) (143,193)(128,140)(144,118) (143,193)(157,137)(144,118) (137,100) (144,118)(167,115)(175,101) (144,118)(162,96)(175,101) (144,118)(118,114)(115,100) (144,118)(125,97)(115,100) (144,100) (151,100) (245,117)(275,114)(278,102) (245,117)(262,100)(278,102) (245,117)(217,114)(216,101) (216,101)(226,98)(245,117) (246,101) (238,101) (254,101) (363,192) (363,119) (334,103) (364,103) (356,103) (372,103) (381,155)(381,170)(376,181)(376,181)(370,192)(363,192)(363,192)(355,192)(349,181)(349,181)(345,170)(344,155)(344,155)(345,139)(349,128)(349,128)(355,118)(363,118) (363,118)(370,118)(376,128)(376,128)(381,139)(381,155) (363,192)(346,146)(363,119) (363,192)(378,144)(363,119) (362,192)(362,193)(369,195)(369,195)(377,196)(388,196)(388,196)(398,196)(406,195)(406,195)(414,193)(414,192)(414,192)(414,190)(406,188)(406,188)(398,187)(388,187) (388,188)(377,188)(369,188)(369,188)(362,190)(362,192) (363,119)(393,116)(396,104) (363,119)(380,102)(396,104) (363,119)(335,116)(334,103) (334,103)(344,100)(363,119) (407,162) (407,155) (407,147) (376,173)(376,174)(383,175)(383,175)(390,176)(400,176)(400,176)(409,176)(416,175)(416,175)(424,174)(424,173)(424,173)(424,171)(416,170)(416,170)(409,169)(400,169) (400,170)(390,170)(383,170)(383,170)(376,171)(376,173) (375,138)(375,139)(382,140)(382,140)(389,141)(400,141)(400,141)(410,141)(417,140)(417,140)(425,139)(425,138)(425,138)(425,136)(417,135)(417,135)(410,134)(400,134) (400,135)(389,135)(382,135)(382,135)(375,136)(375,138) (519,189) (519,116) (520,100) (512,100) (528,100) (563,159) (563,152) (563,144) (537,152)(537,167)(532,178)(532,178)(526,189)(519,189)(519,189)(511,189)(505,178)(505,178)(501,167)(500,152)(500,152)(501,136)(505,125)(505,125)(511,115)(519,115) (519,115)(526,115)(532,125)(532,125)(537,136)(537,152) (519,189)(502,143)(519,116) (519,189)(534,141)(519,116) (518,189)(518,190)(525,192)(525,192)(533,193)(544,193)(544,193)(554,193)(562,192)(562,192)(570,190)(570,189)(570,189)(570,187)(562,185)(562,185)(554,184)(544,184) (544,185)(533,185)(525,185)(525,185)(518,187)(518,189) (519,116)(549,113)(552,101) (519,116)(536,99)(552,101) (519,116)(491,113)(490,100) (490,100)(500,97)(519,116) (532,170)(532,171)(539,172)(539,172)(546,173)(556,173)(556,173)(565,173)(572,172)(572,172)(580,171)(580,170)(580,170)(580,168)(572,167)(572,167)(565,166)(556,166) (556,167)(546,167)(539,167)(539,167)(532,168)(532,170) (531,135)(531,136)(538,137)(538,137)(545,138)(556,138)(556,138)(566,138)(573,137)(573,137)(581,136)(581,135)(581,135)(581,133)(573,132)(573,132)(566,131)(556,131) (556,132)(545,132)(538,132)(538,132)(531,133)(531,135) (473,145) (473,153) (473,160) (458,136)(458,137)(465,138)(465,138)(472,139)(483,139)(483,139)(493,139)(500,138)(500,138)(508,137)(508,136)(508,136)(508,134)(500,133)(500,133)(493,132)(483,132) (483,133)(472,133)(465,133)(465,133)(458,134)(458,136) (460,171)(460,172)(467,173)(467,173)(474,174)(484,174)(484,174)(493,174)(500,173)(500,173)(508,172)(508,171)(508,171)(508,169)(500,168)(500,168)(493,167)(484,167) (484,168)(474,168)(467,168)(467,168)(460,169)(460,171) (752,135) (627,139)(693,150)(752,135) (627,139)(689,120)(752,135) (627,160)(627,151)(628,145)(628,145)(629,139)(631,139)(631,139)(632,139)(633,145)(633,145)(635,151)(635,160)(635,160)(635,168)(633,174)(633,174)(632,181)(631,181) (631,181)(629,181)(628,174)(628,174)(627,168)(627,160) (650,166)(650,157)(650,151)(650,151)(651,145)(653,145)(653,145)(654,145)(655,151)(655,151)(656,157)(656,166)(656,166)(656,174)(655,180)(655,180)(654,187)(653,187) (653,187)(651,187)(650,180)(650,180)(649,174)(650,166) (694,166)(694,173)(694,179)(694,179)(694,184)(696,184)(696,184)(697,184)(697,179)(697,179)(698,173)(698,166)(698,166)(698,158)(697,152)(697,152)(697,147)(696,147) (696,148)(694,148)(694,152)(694,152)(693,158)(694,166) (687,104) (672,104) (680,104) (682,164) (667,164) (675,164) (743,190) (752,135)(734,165)(743,190) (752,135)(758,168)(743,190) (743,190)(722,203)(714,191) (743,190)(720,184)(714,191) (748,154)(728,149)(719,161) (719,161)(724,163)(748,154) (726,167) (726,174) (785,176) (752,135)(783,156)(785,176) (752,135)(768,178)(785,176) (765,110) (785,177) (821,187)(802,192)(785,177) (785,177) (823,187)(812,171)(785,177) (809,151)(796,145)(762,149) (762,149)(795,162)(809,152) (733,203)(768,219)(805,197) (767,221)[$t$]{} (833,137) (752,135)(789,138)(833,137) (752,135)(838,118)(833,137) (815,109) (779,133)(787,111)(815,109) (779,133)(810,119)(815,109) (867,124) (833,137)(861,118)(867,124) (833,137)(867,134)(867,124) (813,103)(866,101)(873,117) (854,94)[$w$]{} (759,108) (752,107) (824,115) (831,117) (837,120) (628,136)(628,143)(646,149)(646,149)(664,155)(690,155)(690,155)(715,155)(733,149)(733,149)(752,143)(752,136)(752,136)(752,128)(733,122)(733,122)(715,117)(690,117) (690,117)(664,117)(646,122)(646,122)(628,128)(628,136) (658,125)(634,106)(640,94) (658,125)(654,100)(640,94) (709,124)(699,105)(699,94) (709,124)(713,97)(699,94) (752,135)(771,124)(780,110) (752,135)(767,112)(780,110) (752,135)(733,119)(735,101) (752,135)(748,107)(735,101) (807,170) (803,166) (799,162) (630,139) (8,91)[$v_{1}$]{} (10,187)[$v_{2}$]{} (138,125)[$v_{1}$]{} (138,198)[$v_{2}$]{} (239,125)[$v_{1}$]{} (231,196)[$v_{2}$]{} (358,125)[$v_{1}$]{} (353,201)[$v_{2}$]{} (514,124)[$v_{1}$]{} (508,198)[$v_{2}$]{} (728,133)[$v_{1}$]{} (607,138)[$v_{2}$]{} (9,48)[$G_{1}$]{} (138,48)[$G_{2}$]{} (237,48)[$G_{3}$]{} (357,48)[$G_{4}$]{} (511,48)[$G_{5}$]{} (729,48)[$G_{6}$]{} (347,3)[Fig. 1.1. $G_{1}-G_{6}$]{} (769,177) (754,184) (762,181) \[th01.03\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. Then $m\geq z+1$, and $\mathrm{(1)}$ if $m=z+1$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;0;0,z-1;0,0)$ (see $G_{1}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(2)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $1\leq z\leq 2$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;z-1;0,0;0,0)$ (see $G_{2}$, $G_{3}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(3)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $3\leq z\leq k$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;1;z-2,0;0,0)$ (see $G_{4}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(4)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $k+1\leq z\leq 2k-2$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;1;k-2,z-k;0,0)$ (see $G_{5}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(5)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $2k-1\leq z\leq m-2-\lceil\frac{m-2k}{k-1}\rceil$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;1;k-2,k-2;t, w)$, where $t=\lfloor\frac{z-2k+2}{k-1}\rfloor$, $w=z-2k+2-\lfloor\frac{z-2k+2}{k-1}\rfloor(k-1)$ (see $G_{6}$ in Fig. 1.1). \[th01.04\] Let $G\in \mathbb{H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho^{\ast}_{max}$. Then $m\geq z+1$, and $\mathrm{(1)}$ if $m=z+1$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;0;0,z-1;0,0)$ (see $G_{1}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(2)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $1\leq z\leq 2$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;z-1;0,0;0,0)$ (see $G_{2}$, $G_{3}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(3)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $3\leq z\leq k$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;1;z-2,0;0,0)$ (see $G_{4}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(4)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $k+1\leq z\leq 2k-2$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;1;k-2,z-k;0,0)$ (see $G_{5}$ in Fig. 1.1); $\mathrm{(5)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, $2k-1\leq z\leq m-2-\lceil\frac{m-2k}{k-1}\rceil$, then $G\cong \mathscr{U}(n,k;1;k-2,k-2;t, w)$, where $t=\lfloor\frac{z-2k+2}{k-1}\rfloor$, $w=z-2k+2-\lfloor\frac{z-2k+2}{k-1}\rfloor(k-1)$ (see $G_{6}$ in Fig. 1.1). The layout of this paper is as follows: section 2 introduces some notations and working lemmas; section 3 represents the main results. Preliminary =========== In this section, we introduce some notations and some working lemmas. From [@JYS], for two tensors $\mathcal {D}, \mathcal {T}$, we know that if there exists a permutation matrix $P = P_{\sigma}$ (corresponding to a permutation $\sigma\in S_{n}$) such that $\mathcal {D} = P\mathcal {T}P^{T}$, where $\mathcal {D}_{i_{1},\ldots,i_{k}} = \mathcal {T}_{\sigma(i_{1}),\sigma(i_{2}),\ldots,\sigma(i_{k})}$ then $\mathcal {D}$ and $\mathcal {T}$ are called permutational similar. As the proof of Proposition 27 and Lemma 28 in [@LSQ] (change $\mathcal {Q}^{\ast}$ into $\mathcal {A}$), we can get the following two results. \[le02,01\] Let $G$ be a $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices, $\mathcal {A}$ be its adjacency tensor. A permutation $\sigma \in S_{n}$ is an automorphism of $G$ if and only if $P_{\sigma}\mathcal {A} =\mathcal {A}P_{\sigma}$, where $P_{\sigma}$ is a permutation matrix corresponding to a permutation $\sigma\in S_{n}$. \[le02,02\] Let $G$ be a connected $k$-uniform hypergraph, $\mathcal {A}$ be its adjacency tensor. If $X$ is an eigenvector of $\mathcal {A}$ corresponding to eigenvalue $\lambda$, then for each automorphism $\sigma$ of $G$, we have $P_{\sigma} X$ is also an eigenvector of $\mathcal {A}$ corresponding to the eigenvalue $\lambda$. Moreover, if $X$ is an eigenvector of $\mathcal {A}$ corresponding to eigenvalue $\rho(\mathcal {A})$, then we have $\mathrm{(1)}$ $P_{\sigma} X = X$; $\mathrm{(2)}$ For any orbit $\Omega$ of $Aut (G)$ and each pair of vertices $i, j\in \Omega$, the corresponding components $x_{i}$, $x_{j}$ of $X$ are equal. [**[@LSQ]**]{} \[de02,03\] Let $r\geq 1$, $G = (V, E)$ be a hypergraph with $u\in V$ and $e_{1}, \ldots, e_{r} \in E$, such that $u \notin e_{i}$ for $i = 1$, $\ldots$, $r$. Suppose that $v_{i}\in e_{i}$ and write $e^{'}_{i} = (e_{i}\setminus \{v_{i} \})\cup\{u\}$ $(i = 1, \ldots, r)$. Let $G^{'} = (V, E^{'})$ be the hypergraph with $E^{'} = (E\setminus \{e_{1}$, $\ldots$, $e_{r}\})\cup \{e^{'}_{1}, \ldots, e^{'}_{r}\}$. Then we say that $G^{'}$ is obtained from $G$ by moving edges $(e_{1}, \ldots, e_{r})$ from $(v_{1}, \ldots, v_{r})$ to $u$. [**[@LSQ]**]{} \[le02,04\] Let $r\geq 1$, $G$ be a connected uniform hypergraph, $G^{'}$ be the hypergraph obtained from $G$ by moving edges $(e_{1}$, $\ldots$, $e_{r})$ from $(v_{1}, \ldots, v_{r})$ to $u$, and $G^{'}$ contain no multiple edges. If in the principal eigenvector $X$ of $G$, $x_{u}\geq \max_{1\leq i\leq r} \{x_{v_{i}}\}$, then $\rho(G^{'} ) > \rho(G)$. Let $G = (V, E)$ be a $k$-uniform hypergraph, and $e = \{u_{1}$, $u_{2}$, $\ldots$, $u_{k}\}$, $f = \{v_{1}, v_{2}, \ldots, v_{k}\}$ be two edges of $G$, and let $e^{'} = (e \setminus U_{1})\cup V_{1}$, $f^{'} = (f \setminus V_{1}) \cup U_{1}$, where $U_{1} = \{u_{1}$, $u_{2}$, $\ldots$, $u_{r}\}$, $V_{1} = \{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{r}\}$, $1\leq r\leq k-1$. Let $G^{'} = (V, E^{'})$ be the hypergraph with $E^{'} = (E \setminus\{e, f\})\cup \{e^{'}, f^{'}\}$. Then we say that $G^{'}$ is obtained from $G$ by $e\rightleftharpoons {u_{1},u_{2},\ldots,u_{r}\atop {v_{1},v_{2},\ldots,v_{r}}} f$ or $e\rightleftharpoons {U_{1}\atop {V_{1}}}f $. Let $G = (V, E)$ be a connected $k$-uniform hypergraph, and $X$ be an eigenvector of $G$. For the simplicity of the notation, we write: $x_{S} =\prod_{v\in S} x_{v}$ where $S\subseteq V$, and for an edge $e$, we write $x_{e} =\prod_{v\in e} x_{v}$. [**[@PXLW]**]{}\[le02,05\] Let $G = (V, E)$ be a connected $k$-uniform hypergraph, and $e = \{u_{1}$, $u_{2}$, $\ldots$, $u_{k}\}$, $f = \{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{k}\}$ be two edges of $G$, $U_{1} = \{u_{1}$, $u_{2}$, $\ldots$, $u_{r}\}$, $V_{1} = \{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{r}\}$, $1\leq r\leq k-1$. $G^{'}$ is obtained from $G$ by $e\rightleftharpoons {U_{1}\atop{V_{1}}}f $. Let $X$ be the principal eigenvector of G, $U_{2} = e \setminus U_{1}$, $V_{2} = f \setminus V_{1}$. If $x_{U_{1}} \geq x_{V_{1}}$, $x_{U_{2}} \leq x_{V_{2}}$, and $G^{'}$ is connected, then $\rho(G) \leq \rho(G^{'})$. Moreover, if one of the two inequalities is strict, then $\rho(G) < \rho(G^{'})$. Main results ============ \[le03.01\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$, $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $u$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. Then $deg(u) \geq 2$. We prove this result by contradiction. Suppose $deg(u) =1$. Because $G$ has at least $2$ edges and $G$ is connected, it follows that $u$ is adjacent to a vertex with degree at least 2, say $v$ for convenience. Assume that $u$ and $v$ are in the same edge $e$, and assume that for $1\leq i\leq deg(v)-1$, edge $e_{i}\neq e$ is incident with $v$. We let $e^{'}_{i}=(e_{i}\setminus \{v\})\cup \{u\}$ for $1\leq i\leq deg(v)-1$, and let $G^{'}=G-\sum^{deg(v)-1}_{i=1}e_{i}+\sum^{deg(v)-1}_{i=1}e^{'}_{i}$. Then $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$ by Lemma \[le02,04\]. It is a contradiction because $G\cong G^{'}$. Thus we get that $deg(u) \geq 2$. This completes the proof. $\Box$ \[le03.02\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. Then the unique cycle in $G$ is a $2$-cycle, and in the $2$-cycle, there is a $M_{a}$-vertex. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$, $X$ be the $principal$ $eigenvector$ of $G$, and let $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}\cdots v_{q}e_{q}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$. We claim that there is a $M_{a}$-vertex in $C$. Otherwise, suppose that there is no $M_{a}$-vertex in $C$, and assume that $u$ is a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. Denote by $P$ the shortest path from $u$ to $C$. Suppose that $P\cap C=\{v_{s}\}$. If $s\in [q]$, then without loss of generality, assume that $s=1$ for convenience. Note that at most one of $e_{1}$ and $e_{q}$ is in $\mathcal {M}$. If $e_{1}\notin\mathcal {M}$, then we let $e^{'}_{1}=(e_{1}\setminus \{v_{1}\})\cup\{u\}$, and let $G^{'}=G-e_{1}+e^{'}_{1}$; if $e_{1}\in\mathcal {M}$, then we let $e^{'}_{q}=(e_{q}\setminus \{v_{1}\})\cup\{u\}$, and let $G^{'}=G-e_{q}+e^{'}_{q}$. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. If $s\notin [q]$, then $v_{s}\in e_{j}$ for some $1\leq j\leq q$. Without loss of generality, suppose $j=1$ for convenience. Similar to the case that $s\in [q]$, we get a $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$ that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. This means that our claim holds. By the above claim, suppose $v_{t}\in V(C)$ is a $M_{a}$-vertex. Next, we prove $q=2$. We prove this by contradiction. Suppose $q\geq 3$. [**Case 1**]{} $t\in [q]$. Without loss of generality, assume $t=1$ for convenience. Note that at most one of $e_{1}$ and $e_{q}$ is in $\mathcal {M}$. Without loss of generality, assume that $e_{q}\notin\mathcal {M}$. In $X$, if $x(v_{2})\geq x(v_{q})$, let $e^{'}_{q}=(e_{q}\setminus \{v_{q}\})\cup\{v_{2}\}$, and let $G^{'}=G-e_{q}+e^{'}_{q}$. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. In $X$, if $x(v_{2})< x(v_{q})$ and $e_{1}\notin\mathcal {M}$, we let $e^{'}_{1}=(e_{1}\setminus \{v_{2}\})\cup\{v_{q}\}$, and let $G^{'}=G-e_{1}+e^{'}_{1}$; if $x(v_{2})< x(v_{q})$ and $e_{1}\in\mathcal {M}$, then $e_{2}\notin\mathcal {M}$, and then we let $e^{'}_{2}=(e_{2}\setminus \{v_{2}\})\cup\{v_{1}\}$, and let $G^{'}=G-e_{2}+e^{'}_{2}$. Similarly, we get that $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Case 2**]{} $t\notin [q]$. Then $v_{t}\in e_{j}$ for some $1\leq j\leq q$. Without loss of generality, suppose $j=1$ for convenience. Similar to Case 1, we can get a unicyclic hypergraph $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$ that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. By Case 1 and Case 2, it follows that $q=2$. Consequently, the lemma follows from the above narrations. This completes the proof. $\Box$ \[le03.03\] Let $G \in \mathcal {H}$, $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$, $u\in V(C)$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex. For each vertex $v$ other than $u$, denote by $P_{u,v}$ a shortest path from $u$ to $v$. We have $\mathrm{(1)}$ if $V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)=\{u\}$, then $d(u, v) \leq 2$; moreover, if $v$ is a NPP-vertex, then $d(u, v) =1$; $\mathrm{(2)}$ if $\|V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)\|\geq 2$ and $V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)$ can be contained in exactly one edge of $C$, then $d(u, v) \leq 2$; moreover, if $v$ is a NPP-vertex, then $d(u, v) =1$; $\mathrm{(3)}$ if $\|V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)\|\geq 2$ and $V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)$ can not be contained in exactly one edge of $C$, then $d(u, v) \leq 3$; moreover, if $v$ is a NPP-vertex, then $d(u, v) \leq 2$; $\mathrm{(4)}$ if $u\in\{v_{1}, v_{2}\}$, then $d(u, v) \leq 2$; moreover, if $v$ is a NPP-vertex, then $d(u, v) =1$. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. \(1) Under the condition $V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)=\{u\}$, we prove two claims. [**Claim 1**]{} If $v$ is a PP-vertex, then $d(u, v) \leq 2$. Otherwise, suppose that $v$ is a PP-vertex and $d(u, v) \geq 3$. Assume that $v\in e_{3}$, and assume that $e_{4}$ is the nonpendant edge adjacent to $e_{3}$ which is in the path $P_{u,v}$ and $e_{3}\cap e_{4}=w$. Clearly, $u\notin e_{4}$. If $e_{3}\notin \mathcal {M}$, then we let $e^{'}_{3}= (e_{3}\setminus\{w\})\cup\{u\}$, $G^{'}=G-e_{3}+e^{'}_{3}$. Then $\mathcal {M}$ also is a matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. If $e_{3}\in \mathcal {M}$, then $e_{4}\notin \mathcal {M}$. Suppose $e_{5}$ in $P_{u,v}$ is adjacent to $e_{4}$ that $e_{5}\neq e_{3}$ and $e_{5}\cap e_{4}=\{w_{1}\}$. Let $e^{'}_{4}= (e_{4}\setminus\{w_{1}\})\cup\{u\}$, $G^{'}=G-e_{4}+e^{'}_{4}$. Similar to the case that $e_{3}\notin \mathcal {M}$, we get that $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. As a result, Claim 1 holds. [**Claim 2**]{} If $v$ is a NPP-vertex, we have $d(u, v) =1$. Suppose that there is a NPP-vertex $v$ other than $u$ that $d(u, v) \geq 2$. Assume that in $P_{u,v}$, $v$ is in the edge $e_{3}$, $e_{3}$ is adjacent to $e_{4}$ and $e_{3}\cap e_{4}=\{w\}$, where $w\neq v$. From the assumption that $v$ is a NPP-vertex, we know that $e_{3}$ is not a pendant edge. Thus there is a vertex $t$ of $e_{1}$ other than $w$ is adjacent to at least one edge which is not on $P_{u,v}$ ($t=v$ possible). Here, $d(u,t)=d(u,v)$. Suppose that $P^{'}=te_{s_{1}}v_{s_{1}}e_{s_{2}}v_{s_{2}}\cdots e_{s_{j}}v_{s_{j}}$ is a longest path form $t$ that $V(P_{u,v})\cap V(P^{'})=\{t\}$. Note that $L(P^{'})\geq 1$ and the maximality of the length of $P^{'}$ form $t$. Then $e_{s_{j}}$ must be a pendant edge and $v_{s_{j}}$ is a PP-vertex. Otherwise, it contradicts that $P^{'}$ is longest. Note that $G$ is unicyclic. Thus $d(u,v_{s_{j}})=d(u, t)+L(P^{'})\geq 3$, which contradicts Claim 1 because $v_{s_{j}}$ is a PP-vertex. Then Claim 2 holds. As a result, (1) follows. (2), (3) and (4) are proved similar to (1). This completes the proof. $\Box$ By Lemma \[le03.03\], we have the following two Corollaries. \[le03.04\] Let $G \in \mathcal {H}$, $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$, $u\in V(C)$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex. If there exists a vertex $v$ other than $u$ such that $d(u, v) = 3$, then $u\notin\{v_{1}, v_{2}\}$, $v$ is a PP-vertex, $\|P_{u,v}\cap C\|\geq 2$ and $P_{u,v}\cap C$ can not be contained in exactly one edge of $C$, where $P_{u,v}$ is a shortest path from $u$ to $v$. \[le03.05\] Let $G \in \mathcal {H}$, $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$, $u\in V(C)$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex. For each vertex $v$ other than $u$, denote by $P_{u,v}$ a shortest path from $u$ to $v$. We have $\mathrm{(1)}$ if $V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)=\{u\}$, $d(u, v) = 2$, then $v$ is a PP-vertex; $\mathrm{(2)}$ if $\|V(P_{u,v})\cap V(C)\|\geq 2$, $P_{u,v}\cap C$ can be contained in exactly one edge of $C$, and $d(u, v) =2$, then $v$ is a PP-vertex; $\mathrm{(3)}$ if $u\in\{v_{1}, v_{2}\}$ and $d(u, v) =2$, then $v$ is a PP-vertex. [**[@YQY]**]{}\[le03.06\] For a tensor $\mathcal {T} \geq 0$, we have $$c=\min_{1\leq i\leq n}\sum_{i_{2},\ldots,i_{m}=1} \mathcal {T}_{ii_{2},\ldots,i_{m}} \leq \rho(\mathcal {T}) \leq \max_{1\leq i\leq n}\sum_{i_{2},\ldots,i_{m}=1} \mathcal {T}_{ii_{2},\ldots,i_{m}}=C.$$ [**[@MFYZ]**]{} \[le03.07\] Suppose that tensor $\mathcal {T} \geq 0$ is weakly irreducible. Then either equality in Lemma \[le03.06\] holds if and only if $c=C$. From Lemmas \[le03.06\] and \[le03.07\], for a uniform connected hypergraph, we have $\delta\leq \rho(G)\leq \Delta$ with equality if and only if $\delta=\Delta$. \[le03.08\] Let $G \in \mathcal {H}$, $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$, $u\in V(C)$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex. Then $u\in\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}\}$, i.e. except $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, no other vertex of $C$ is $M_{a}$-vertex. We prove this lemma by contradiction. Let $X$ be the principal vector of $G$. Suppose $u\in e_{1}$ where $u\neq v_{1}$, $u\neq v_{2}$. Assume that $e_{1}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $u$, $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{1,k-3}\}$, $e_{2}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{2,1}$, $v_{2,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{2,k-2}\}$. By Lemma \[le03.01\], we know that $deg(u)\geq 2$. Note that $G$ is unicyclic. Thus, there is an edge $e_{3}$ incident with $u$ that $e_{3}\cap C=\{u\}$, where we denote by $e_{3}=\{u$, $v_{3,1}$, $v_{3,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{3,k-1}\}$. [**Case 1**]{} There is some $1\leq j\leq k-2$ that $deg(v_{2,j})\geq 2$. Note that $G$ is unicyclic. Assume that $e_{4}=\{v_{2,j}$, $v_{4,1}$, $v_{4,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{4,k-1}\}$ is an edge incident with $v_{2,j}$ that $e_{4}\cap C=\{v_{2,j}\}$. Note that $d(u,v_{4,i})=3$ for $1\leq i\leq k-1$. By Corollary \[le03.04\], it follows that $e_{4}$ is a pendant edge. We claim that there is a maximal matching $\mathcal {M}$ of $G$ which contains no edge $e_{2}$. Otherwise, suppose $M$ is a maximal matching of $G$ which contains edge $e_{2}$. Then $M$ contains no edge $e_{4}$. Then letting $\mathcal {M}=(M\setminus \{e_{2}\})\cup\{e_{4}\}$ makes our claim holding. Now, let $e^{'}_{2}=(e_{2}\setminus \{v_{2}\})\cup \{u\}$, $G^{'}=G-e_{2}+e^{'}_{2}$. Note that $\mathcal {M}$ is also a matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Case 2**]{} For $1\leq i\leq k-2$ that $deg(v_{2,i})= 1$. By Lemma \[le02,02\], then for $1\leq i< j\leq k-2$, we have $x(v_{2,i})=x(v_{2,j})$. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. If $x(v_{3,k-1})\geq x(v_{2})$, then let $e^{'}_{1}=(e_{1}\setminus \{v_{2}\})\cup \{v_{3,k-1}\}$, $G^{'}=G-e_{1}+e^{'}_{1}$. Note that at most one of $e_{1}$ and $e_{3}$ is in $\mathcal {M}$. If $e_{1}\notin \mathcal {M}$, then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$; if $e_{1}\in \mathcal {M}$, then $(\mathcal {M}\setminus \{e_{1}\})\cup \{e^{'}_{1}\}$ is a maximal matching of $G^{'}$. Thus $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. If $x(v_{3,k-1})< x(v_{2})$ and $x(u)\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{3,i})\geq x(v_{1})\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{2,i})$, then let $G^{'}$ be obtained by $e_{2}\rightleftharpoons {v_{2}\atop {v_{3,k-1}}} e_{3}$. Denote by $e^{'}_{2}=(e_{2}\setminus \{v_{2}\})\cup \{v_{3,k-1}\}$, $e^{'}_{3}=(e_{3}\setminus \{v_{3,k-1}\})\cup \{v_{2}\}$. Then we can get a matching $\mathcal {M}^{'}$ of $G^{'}$ from $\mathcal {M}$ by replacing $e_{2}$ with $e^{'}_{2}$ if $e_{2}\in \mathcal {M}$ and replacing $e_{3}$ with $e^{'}_{3}$ if $e_{3}\in \mathcal {M}$. Thus $\alpha(G^{'})\geq \alpha(G)$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,05\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. If $x(v_{3,k-1})< x(v_{2})$ and $x(u)\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{3,i})< x(v_{1})\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{2,i})$, then $1\leq\frac{x(u)}{x(v_{1})}< \frac{\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{2,i})}{\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{3,i})}$. It follows that $\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{3,i})< \prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{2,i})$. Let $G^{'}$ be obtained by $e_{2}\rightleftharpoons {v_{2}, v_{2,1}, v_{2,2}, \cdots, v_{2,k-2}\atop {v_{3,1}, v_{3,2}, \cdots, v_{3,k-1}}} e_{3}$. Similar to the case that $x(v_{3,k-1})< x(v_{2})$ and $x(u)\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{3,i})\geq x(v_{1})\prod^{k-2}_{i=1}x(v_{2,i})$, we get that $\alpha(G^{'})\geq \alpha(G)$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,05\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. By above narrations, we get that except $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, no other vertex of $C$ is a $M_{a}$-vertex. Using Lemma \[le03.02\] gets that $u\in\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}\}$. This completes the proof. $\Box$ Furthermore, by Corollary \[le03.05\] and Lemma \[le03.08\], we have the following Corollary \[le03.09\]. \[le03.09\] Let $G \in \mathcal {H}$, $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$, $u\in\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}\}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex. Then every edge not incident with $u$ must be a pendant edge. \[le03.10\] Let $G \in \mathcal {H}$, $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. Then $\mathrm{(1)}$ for each vertex $v$ other than $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$, we have $deg(v) \leq 2$; moreover, every such vertex $v$ with degree $2$ must be incident with exactly one pendant edge; $\mathrm{(2)}$ for vertex $v_{2}$, we have $deg(v_{2}) \leq 3$; moreover, if $deg(v_{2})=3$, then $v_{2}$ must be incident with exactly one pendant edge. By Corollary \[le03.05\] and Lemma \[le03.08\], for every vertex $v$ other than $v_{1}$ with $deg(v) \geq 2$, it follows that the distance $d(v_{1},v)\leq 1$. Thus for vertex $v$ with $deg(v) \geq 2$ other than $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$, we suppose that both $v_{1}$, $v$ are in edge $e_{i}$, and $deg(v)=s \geq 3$. Other than $e_{i}$, assume that $e_{i_{1}}$, $e_{i_{2}}$, $\ldots$, $e_{i_{s-1}}$ are incident with $v$. By Corollary \[le03.09\], it follows that $e_{i_{1}}$, $e_{i_{2}}$, $\ldots$, $e_{i_{s-1}}$ are all pendant edges here. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. Note that at most one $e_{i_{j}}$ ($1\leq j\leq s-1$) is in $\mathcal {M}$. Without loss of generality, suppose one of $e_{i}$, $e_{i_{1}}$ is in $\mathcal {M}$. Then $e_{i_{j}}\notin \mathcal {M}$ for $j=2$, $\ldots$, $s-1$. Let $e^{'}_{i_{j}}=(e_{i_{j}}\setminus \{v\})\cup\{v_{1}\}$ for $2\leq j\leq s-1$, $G^{'}=G-\sum_{j=2}^{s-1}e_{i_{j}}+\sum_{j=2}^{s-1}e^{'}_{i_{j}}$. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a matching of $G^{'}$. Thus $\alpha(G^{'})\geq\alpha(G)$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. This means that $deg(v) \leq 2$ for each vertex $v$ other than $v_{1}$ and $v_{2}$. Combined with Corollary \[le03.09\], $\mathrm{(1)}$ follows. $\mathrm{(2)}$ is gotten similar to $\mathrm{(1)}$. This completes the proof. $\Box$ Let $G \in \mathcal {H}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$, where $e_{1}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{1,k-2}\}$, $e_{2}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $v_{2,1}$, $v_{2,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{2,k-2}\}$. $C$ is called a $v_{1}$-$complex$ cycle if $C$ satisfies that no pendant edges is incident with $v_{1}$, and satisfies one of the following (1) and (2): \(1) $deg(v_{2})\geq 3$; \(2) at least one in $\{v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{1,k-2}\}$ is with degree more than $1$, and at least one in $\{v_{2,1}$, $v_{2,2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{2,k-2}\}$ is with degree more than $1$. \[le03.11\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. For an edge $e$ not incident with $v_{1}$, let $e^{'}=(e\setminus N_{G}(v_{1}))\cup\{v_{1}\}$, and $G^{'}=G-e+e^{'}$. Then $\mathrm{(1)}$ $C$ is not a $v_{1}$-complex cycle; $\mathrm{(2)}$ $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$; $\mathrm{(3)}$ $\alpha(G^{'})=\alpha(G)-1$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\], we get $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$. By Corollary \[le03.09\], for edge $e$ not incident with $v_{1}$, we know that $e$ is a pendant edge. Noting that $G$ is unicyclic, by Lemma \[le03.03\], it follows that $\|e\cap N_{G}(v_{1})\|=1$. Suppose that $e\cap N_{G}(v_{1})=\{u\}$. Then by Lemma \[le03.10\], it follows that $e$ is the unique pendant edge incident with $u$. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. Then $\mathcal {M}\setminus\{e\}$ is a matching of $G^{'}$. For any matching $M$ of $G^{'}$, if $e^{'}\notin M$, then $M$ is also a matching of $G$; if $e^{'}\in M$, noting that in $G^{'}$, any edge incident with $v_{1}$ other than $e^{'}$ is not in $M$, then $(M\setminus \{e^{'}\})\cup\{e\}$ is a matching of $G$. Thus $\alpha(G)-1\leq \alpha(G^{'})\leq \alpha(G)$. Now, we prove $C$ is not a $v_{1}$-complex cycle. Ohterwise, suppose $C$ is a $v_{1}$-complex cycle. We assert that there is a maximal matching $\mathcal {M}^{'}$ of $G$ which contains no any edge incident with $v_{1}$. For a maximal matching $\mathcal {M}$ of $G$, if $\mathcal {M}$ contains no any edge incident with $v_{1}$, then we let $\mathcal {M}^{'}=\mathcal {M}$. If there is an edge, say $e_{s}$, which is incident with $v_{1}$, satisfying that $e_{s}\in \mathcal {M}$, then $\mathcal {M}$ contains no any other edge incident with $v_{1}$. Note that $e_{s}$ is not a pendant edge, and note that $C$ is a $v_{1}$-complex cycle. Combining Corollary \[le03.09\], we know that $e_{s}$ is adjacent to at least one pendant edge. Then any pendant edge adjacent to $e_{s}$ is not in $\mathcal {M}$. Suppose $e_{i}$ is a pendant edge adjacent to $e_{s}$. Then $\mathcal {M}^{'}=(\mathcal {M}\setminus e_{s})\cup \{e_{i}\}$ satisfies our assertion. Note that the supposition that $C$ is a $v_{1}$-complex cycle. Then there is an edge not incident with $v_{1}$. For an edge $e$ not incident with $v_{1}$, by Corollary \[le03.09\], we know that $e$ is a pendant edge. Here, for edge $e$, if $e\notin \mathcal {M}^{'}$, then $\mathcal {M}^{'}$ is also a matching of $G^{'}$; if $e\in \mathcal {M}^{'}$, then $(\mathcal {M}^{'}\setminus \{e\})\cup\{e^{'}\}$ is a matching of $G^{'}$. Thus $\alpha(G)\leq \alpha(G^{'})$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$, but $\rho(G)< \rho(G^{'})$, which contradicts that $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. As a result, it follows that $C$ is not a $v_{1}$-complex cycle. Next, we prove $\alpha(G^{'})=\alpha(G)-1$ by contradiction. Suppose $ \alpha(G^{'})=\alpha(G)$. Note that $C$ is not a $v_{1}$-complex cycle in $G$, and note that any edge not incident with $v_{1}$ is a pendant edge by Corollary \[le03.09\]. Thus for proving $\alpha(G^{'})=\alpha(G)-1$, we need consider two following cases. [**Case 1**]{} There are some pendant edges incident with $v_{1}$ in $G$. Assume that $e_{j}$ is a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ in $G$. Then $e_{j}$ is also a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ in $G^{'}$ and $e_{j}\neq e^{'}$. We assert that there is a maximal matching $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}$ of $G^{'}$ which contains $e_{j}$. Suppose $\mathbb{M}$ is a maximal matching of $G^{'}$. We claim that $\mathbb{M}$ contains an edge incident with $v_{1}$. Otherwise, in $G^{'}$, if $\mathbb{M}$ contains no any edge incident with $v_{1}$, then $\mathbb{M}\cup\{e^{'}\}$ is a matching with larger cardinality than $\mathbb{M}$, which contradicts the maximality of $\mathbb{M}$. This ensures our claim holding. If $\mathbb{M}$ does not contain any pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$, then a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$, say $e_{w}$, is contained in $\mathbb{M}$. We let $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}=(\mathbb{M}\setminus e_{w})\cup\{e_{j}\}$. If $e^{'}\in \mathbb{M}$, then we let $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}=(\mathbb{M}\setminus e^{'})\cup\{e_{j}\}$. Thus $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$, which satisfies our assertion. Note that $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}$ is a matching. It follows the fact that among all edges incident with $v_{1}$, $e_{j}$ is the exactly one in $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}$. Note that edge $e$ not incident with $v_{1}$ is a pendant edge. By Lemma \[le03.03\], it follows that in $G$, pendant edge $e$ is adjacent to a nonpendant edge $e_{r}$, where $v_{1}\in e_{r}$. Note that $e_{r}\notin \mathcal {M}^{\circ}$. Then $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}\cup \{e\}$ is a matching of $G$ with cardinality $\alpha(G^{'})+1$. Note the supposition that $\alpha(G)= \alpha(G^{'})$. Thus $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}\cup \{e\}$ contradicts the matching number of $G$. As a result, it follows that $\alpha(G^{'})=\alpha(G)-1$. [**Case 2**]{} In $G$, no pendant edge is incident with $v_{1}$. Note that $C$ is not a $v_{1}$-complex cycle. Then $deg(v_{2})= 2$, and no pendant edge is adjacent to one of $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$. Suppose that no pendant edge is adjacent to $e_{1}$ in $G$. As Case 1, we can prove that there is a maximal matching $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}$ of $G^{'}$ which contains $e_{1}$, and prove that $\mathcal {M}^{\circ}\cup \{e\}$ is a matching of $G$ with cardinality $\alpha(G)+1$, which contradicts the matching number of $G$. Thus $\alpha(G^{'})=\alpha(G)-1$. To sum up, the lemma follows as desired. This completes the proof. $\Box$ From Lemma \[le03.11\], we get the following Corollary \[le03.12\] immediately. \[le03.12\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. If $deg(v_{2})=3$, then there must be a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$. \[le03.13\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. Then any maximal matching of $G$ consists of exactly one pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$, or exactly one edge of $C$ in which each vertex other than $v_{1}$ is not incident with any pendant edge, and all pendant edges not incident with $v_{1}$. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. By Lemma \[le03.11\], we know that $C$ is not a $v_{1}$-complex cycle. For proving this lemma, we need consider two cases next. [**Case 1**]{} There are some pendant edges incident with $v_{1}$ in $G$. As the proof for the claim about $\mathbb{M}$ in Case 1 of Lemma \[le03.11\], we get that there must be an edge incident with $v_{1}$ is in $\mathcal {M}$. Suppose that an edge $e_{3}$ incident with $v_{1}$ is in $\mathcal {M}$. Then any other edge incident with $v_{1}$ is not in $\mathcal {M}$. We claim that $e_{3}$ is a pendant edge or an edge of $C$ in which each vertex other than $v_{1}$ is not incident with any pendant edge. We prove this claim by contradiction. Suppose this claim does not hold. Then two subcases need consider. [**Subcase 1.1**]{} $e_{3}$ is a nonpendant edge which is not in $C$. By Corollary \[le03.09\], there must be a pendant edge $e_{4}$ adjacent to $e_{3}$ where $e_{3}\cap e_{4}=\{v_{3}\}$, $v_{3}\neq v_{1}$. Because $e_{3}\in \mathcal {M}$, then $e_{4} \notin \mathcal {M}$. Let $e^{'}_{4}=(e_{4}\setminus \{v_{3}\})\cup \{v_{1}\}$, $G^{'}=G-e_{4}+e^{'}_{4}$. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets $\rho(G^{'})>\rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Subcase 1.2**]{} $e_{3}$ is an edge in $C$ which is adjacent to some pendant edge $e_{t}$, where $e_{t}$ is not incident with $v_{1}$. For this case, as Subcase 1.1, we can get a hypergraph $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$ that $\rho(G^{'})>\rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. By Subcase 1.1 and Subcase 1.2, our claim holds. For a pendant edge $e_{5}$ not incident with $v_{1}$, by Lemma \[le03.03\] and Corollary \[le03.05\], $e_{5}$ is adjacent to an edge $e_{6}$ where $v_{1}\in e_{6}$, $e_{6}\neq e_{3}$. Note that $G$ is unicyclic. Therefore, $\|e_{5}\cap e_{6}\|=1$. Suppose $e_{5}\cap e_{6}=\{v_{5}\}$ where $v_{5}\neq v_{1}$. By Lemma \[le03.10\], $e_{5}$ is the unique pendant edge incident with $v_{5}$. If $e_{5}\notin \mathcal {M}$, noting that $e_{3}\in \mathcal {M}$, $e_{6}\notin \mathcal {M}$, we get that $\{e_{5}\}\cup \mathcal {M}$ is also a matching of $G$, which contradicts the maximality of $\mathcal {M}$. Thus $e_{5}\in \mathcal {M}$. Then it follows that the lemma holds for Case 1. [**Case 2**]{} In $G$, no pendant edge is incident with $v_{1}$, $deg(v_{2})= 2$, and no pendant edge is adjacent to one of $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$. For this case, as Case 1, it is proved that the lemma holds. This completes the proof. $\Box$ Furthermore, by Lemma \[le03.13\], we get the following Corollary \[le03.14\]. \[le03.14\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. If there is a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$, then there is a maximal matching of $G$ consists of exactly one pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$, and all other pendant edges not incident with $v_{1}$. Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a connected $k$-uniform hypergraph ($k\geq 3$) with at least $2$ edges and $u\in V(\mathbb{F})$, $e=\{v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{k-1}$, $u\}$ be a nonpendant edge incident with $u$, and $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$, $\ldots$, $e_{t}$ ($t\leq k-1$) be the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{1}$, $v_{2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{t}$ of $e$ respectively, where $t\leq k-1$, $e_{i}\cap e=\{v_{i}\}$, $deg(v_{i})=2$ for $1\leq i\leq t$, $deg(v_{i})=1$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$ if $t\leq k-2$. Here, letting $t=0$ means that $deg(v_{i})=1$ for $1\leq i\leq k-1$. \[le03.15\] For hypergraph $\mathbb{F}$, let $\rho=\rho(\mathbb{F})$. Then in the principal eigenvector $X$ of $\mathbb{F}$, $x(v_{i})=\frac{x_{u}}{\rho(1-\frac{1}{{\rho}^{k}})^{\frac{t+1}{k}}}$ for $1\leq i\leq t$, and $x(v_{i})=\frac{x(u)}{\rho(1-\frac{1}{{\rho}^{k}})^{\frac{t}{k}}}$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$ if $t\leq k-2$. Moreover, if $t=k-1$, then $x(v_{i})=\frac{x(u)}{\rho-\frac{1}{\rho^{k-1}}}$ for $1\leq i\leq t$; if $t=0$, then $x(v_{i})=\frac{x(u)}{\rho}$ for $1\leq i\leq k-1$. Note that $\mathbb{F}$ is connected and $\mathbb{F}$ has at least 2 edges. By Lemma \[le03.06\] and Lemma \[le03.07\], it follows that $\rho> 1$. Suppose $e_{i}=\{v_{i}$, $v_{i_{1}}$, $v_{i_{2}}$, $\ldots$, $v_{i_{k-1}}\}$ for $1\leq i\leq t$. In the principal eigenvector $X$ of $\mathbb{F}$, let $x(v_{1})=w$, and let $x(v_{t+1})=f$ if $t\leq k-2$. By Lemma \[le02,02\], then $x(v_{i})=w$, $x(v_{i_{j}})=\frac{w}{\rho}$ for $1\leq i\leq t$, $1\leq j\leq k-1$; $x(v_{i})=f$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$. Let $s=k-1-t$. If $s\geq 1$, then $$\left \{\begin{array}{ll} \rho f^{k-1}=f^{s-1}w^{t}x(u), \ & \ \ \ \ \ (1)\\ \rho w^{k-1}=f^{s}w^{t-1}x(u)+(\frac{w}{\rho})^{k-1} \ & \ \ \ \ \ (2). \end{array}\right.$$ It follows that $w=\frac{x_{u}}{\rho(1-\frac{1}{{\rho}^{k}})^{\frac{t+1}{k}}}$, $f=(1-\frac{1}{\rho^{k}})^{\frac{1}{k}}w=\frac{x_{u}}{\rho(1-\frac{1}{{\rho}^{k}})^{\frac{t}{k}}}$. If $s=0$, then $x(v_{i})=w=\frac{x_{u}}{\rho-\frac{1}{\rho^{k-1}}}$ for $1\leq i\leq t$ follows from (2); if $t=0$, then $x(v_{i})=f=\frac{x(u)}{\rho}$ for $1\leq i\leq k-1$ follow from (1). Thus the lemma follows as desired. This completes the proof. $\Box$ (671,256) (522,95) (506,111) (102,188) (36,161) (204,237) (156,83) (175,223) (228,175) (142,206) (196,157) (102,110) (46,67) (132,95) (74,47) (84,124) (72,173) (66,137) (266,206) (225,74) (152,140) (605,231) (560,67) (571,209) (547,196) (602,150) (461,153) (492,124) (438,203) (490,163) (512,172) (568,126) (671,206) (638,173) (432,86) (7,95) (541,79) (497,40) (36,161)(104,233)(204,237) (36,161)(154,165)(204,237) (36,161)(107,139)(156,83) (36,161)(69,94)(156,83) (175,223)(229,204)(228,175) (175,223)(202,175)(228,175) (142,206)(189,186)(196,157) (142,206)(166,160)(196,157) (102,110)(49,96)(46,67) (102,110)(64,57)(46,67) (132,95)(76,72)(74,47) (132,95)(99,41)(74,47) (204,237)(249,238)(266,206) (204,237)(238,204)(266,206) (156,83)(204,91)(225,74) (156,83)(197,57)(225,74) (102,188)(147,173)(152,140) (102,188)(127,135)(152,140) (547,196)(596,185)(602,150) (547,196)(570,151)(602,150) (438,203)(466,204)(490,163) (438,203)(444,178)(490,163) (512,172)(565,156)(568,126) (605,231)(665,232)(671,206) (605,231)(654,196)(671,206) (571,209)(631,201)(638,173) (571,209)(610,171)(638,173) (512,172)(543,119)(568,126) (461,153)(476,91)(560,67) (461,153)(559,158)(605,231) (461,153)(534,227)(605,231) (461,153)(532,127)(560,67) (461,153)(426,114)(432,86) (461,153)(459,95)(432,86) (36,161)(29,106)(7,95) (36,161)(0,123)(7,95) (541,79)(514,35)(497,40) (497,40)(496,64)(541,79) (322,134)[$\Longrightarrow$]{} (123,15)[$\mathbb{K}$]{} (530,15)[$\mathbb{K}^{'}$]{} (250,-15)[Fig. 3.1. $\mathbb{K}$ and $\mathbb{K}^{'}$]{} (24,164)[$u$]{} (449,159)[$u$]{} (194,245)[$v_{1,1}$]{} (156,230)[$v_{1,2}$]{} (86,195)[$v_{1,4}$]{} (43,176)[$v_{1,5}$]{} (591,239)[$v_{1,1}$]{} (548,216)[$v_{1,2}$]{} (140,71)[$v_{2,1}$]{} (103,111)[$v_{2,3}$]{} (548,55)[$v_{2,1}$]{} (541,80)[$v_{2,2}$]{} (132,96)[$v_{2,2}$]{} (500,179)[$v_{1,4}$]{} (489,152)[$v_{1,5}$]{} (469,63) (522,95)(473,83)(469,63) (469,63)(490,55)(522,95) (520,100)[$v_{2,3}$]{} Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a connected $k$-uniform hypergraph ($k\geq 3$) with at least $2$ edges and $u\in V(\mathbb{K})$, $e_{1}=\{v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-1}$, $u\}$ be a nonpendant edge incident with $u$, and $e_{1,1}$, $e_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $e_{1,s}$ ($1\leq s\leq k-2$) be the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,s}$ of $e_{1}$ respectively, where $e_{1,i}\cap e_{1}=\{v_{1,i}\}$, $deg(v_{1,i})=2$ for $1\leq i\leq s$, $deg(v_{1,i})=1$ for $s+1\leq i\leq k-1$; $e_{2}=\{v_{2,1}$, $v_{2,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{2,k-1}$, $u\}$ be aother nonpendant edge incident with $u$, and $e_{2,1}$, $e_{2,2}$, $\ldots$, $e_{2,t}$ ($1\leq t\leq s$) be the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{2,1}$, $v_{2,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{2,t}$ of $e_{2}$ respectively, where $e_{2,i}\cap e_{2}=\{v_{2,i}\}$, $deg(v_{2,i})=2$ for $1\leq i\leq t$, $deg(v_{2,i})=1$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$. Let $e^{'}_{2,t}=(e_{2,t}\setminus \{v_{2,t}\})\cup \{v_{1,s+1}\}$, $\mathbb{K}^{'} =\mathbb{K}-e_{2,t}+e^{'}_{2,t}$ (for example, see Fig. 3.1). \[le03.16\] For hypergraph $\mathbb{K}$, we have $\rho(\mathbb{K}^{'})> \rho(\mathbb{K})$ and $\alpha(\mathbb{K}^{'})\geq\alpha(\mathbb{K})$. Note that $\mathbb{K}$ is connected and $\mathbb{K}$ has at least 2 edges. By Lemma \[le03.06\] and Lemma \[le03.07\], it follows that $\rho(\mathbb{K})> 1$. Let $X$ be the principal eigenvector of $\mathbb{K}$. Combining Lemma \[le02,02\], we let $x(v_{1,i})=w_{1}$ for $1\leq i\leq s$; $x(v_{1,i})=f_{1}$ for $s+1\leq i\leq k-1$; $x(v_{2,i})=w_{2}$ for $1\leq i\leq t$; $x(v_{2,i})=f_{2}$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$. Then by Lemma \[le03.15\], $w_{1}\geq w_{2}$, $f_{1}\geq f_{2}$, $w_{1}> f_{1}$, $w_{2}> f_{2}$. Thus $x(u)\prod^{s}_{i=1}x(v_{1,i})\prod^{k-1}_{i=s+2}x(v_{1,i})> x(u)\prod^{t-1}_{i=1}x(v_{2,i})\prod^{k-1}_{i=t+1}x(v_{2,i})$. If $f_{1}\geq w_{2}$, then $\rho(\mathbb{K}^{'})> \rho(\mathbb{K})$ by Lemma \[le02,04\]. If $f_{1}< w_{2}$, then $\mathbb{K}^{'}$ is obtained from $\mathbb{K}$ by $e_{1}\rightleftharpoons {v_{1,s+1}\atop{v_{2,t}}}e_{2}$, and then $\rho(\mathbb{K}^{'})> \rho(\mathbb{K})$ by Lemma \[le02,05\]. As Lemma \[le03.13\], we get that hypergraph $\mathbb{K}$ has a maximal matching $\mathcal {M}$ which contains no $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$, but contains all $e_{1,i}$ for $1\leq i\leq s$ and contains all $e_{2,i}$ for $1\leq i\leq t$. Then $(\mathcal {M}\setminus\{e_{2,t}\})\cup \{e^{'}_{2,t}\}$ is a matching of $\mathbb{K}^{'}$. Thus $\alpha(\mathbb{K}^{'})\geq \alpha(\mathbb{K})$. This completes the proof. $\Box$ \[le03.17\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. If no pendant edge is incident with any vertex in $e_{1}\setminus \{v_{1}\}$, or no pendant edge is incident with any vertex in $e_{2}\setminus \{v_{1}\}$, then except $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$, any other edge incident with $v_{1}$ is a pendant edge. Suppose no pendant edge is incident with any vertex in $e_{1}\setminus \{v_{1}\}$ in $G$. Denote by $e_{1}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{2}\}$. We prove this lemma by contradiction. Suppose this lemma does not hold, and assume that $e_{3}$ is a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ where $e_{3}\neq e_{1}$, $e_{3}\neq e_{2}$. Denote by $e_{3}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{3,1}$, $v_{3,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{3,k-2}$, $v_{3,k-1}\}$. By Corollary \[le03.09\] and Lemma \[le03.10\], assume that $e_{3,k-1}$, $e_{3,k-2}$, $\ldots$, $e_{3,k-s}$ ($1\leq s\leq k-1$) are the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{3,k-1}$, $v_{3,k-2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{3,k-s}$ of $e_{3}$ respectively. Note that $G$ is unicyclic. Then by Lemmas \[le03.06\] and \[le03.07\], it follows that $\rho(G)> 1$. Let $X$ be the principal eigenvector of $G$. By Lemma \[le03.15\], then $x(v_{1,1})=x(v_{1,2})=\cdots=x(v_{1,k-2})$, $x(v_{3,k-1})=x(v_{3,k-2})=\cdots=x(v_{3,k-s})$, $x(v_{3,k-s+1})=x(v_{3,k-s+2})=\cdots=x(v_{3,1})$ and $x(v_{3,1})< x(v_{3,k-1})$ if $s\leq k-2$. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. Then by Lemma \[le03.13\], we get that $e_{3,k-i}\in \mathcal {M}$ for $1\leq i\leq s$, but $e_{3}\notin \mathcal {M}$; if there is a pendant edge $e$ incident with a vertex in $e_{2}\setminus \{v_{1}\}$, then $e\in \mathcal {M}$ and $e_{2}\notin \mathcal {M}$. Note that at most one of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$ is in $\mathcal {M}$. Thus without loss of generality, we suppose that $e_{2}\notin \mathcal {M}$. [**Case 1**]{} $x(v_{3,k-1})\geq x(v_{2})$. Then let $e^{'}_{2}=(e_{2}\setminus\{v_{2}\})\cup\{v_{3,k-1}\}$, and let $G^{'} =G -e_{2}+e^{'}_{2}$. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Case 2**]{} $x(v_{3,k-1})< x(v_{2})$. [**Subcase 2.1**]{} $x(v_{3,k-1})\leq x(v_{1,1})$. Denote by $e^{'}_{3,k-i}=(e_{3,k-i}\setminus \{v_{3,k-i}\})\cup\{v_{1,k-i}\}$ for $2\leq i\leq s$, and $e^{'}_{3,k-1}=(e_{3,k-1}\setminus \{v_{3,k-1}\})\cup\{v_{2}\}$. Let $G^{'} =G -e_{3,k-1}+e^{'}_{3,k-1}-\sum^{s}_{i=2}e_{3,k-i}+\sum^{s}_{i=2}e^{'}_{3,k-i}$, and let $U_{i}=e_{3,k-i}\setminus \{v_{3,k-i}\}$ for $1\leq i\leq s$. Note that if $e_{1}\notin \mathcal {M}$, then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$; if $e_{1}\in \mathcal {M}$, then $\mathcal {M}^{'}=(\mathcal {M}\setminus \{e_{1}\})\cup\{e_{3}\}$ is a matching of $G^{'}$. Thus $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Note that $$\rho(G^{'})-\rho(G)\geq X^{T}\mathcal {A}(G^{'})X^{k-1}-X^{T}\mathcal {A}(G)X^{k-1}\hspace{7.1cm}$$$$=k(x_{e^{'}_{3,k-1}}-x_{e_{3,k-1}})+k(\sum^{s}_{i=2}x_{e^{'}_{3,k-i}}-\sum^{s}_{i=2}x_{e_{3,k-i}})\hspace{2.5cm}$$ $$=kx_{U_{1}}(x(v_{2})-x(v_{3,k-1}))+k\sum^{s}_{i=2}x_{U_{i}}(x(v_{1,k-i})-x(v_{3,k-i}))>0.\hspace{0.3cm}$$ Therefore, $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$ by Lemma \[le01.02\], which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Subcase 2.2**]{} $x(v_{3,k-1})> x(v_{1,1})$. [**Subcase 2.2.1**]{} $x(v_{1,1})x(v_{1,2})\cdots x(v_{1,k-2})\geq x(v_{3,1})x(v_{3,2})\cdots x(v_{3,k-2})$. Then $$x^{k-2}(v_{1,1})\geq x^{k-1-s}(v_{3,1})x^{s-1}(v_{3,k-s})\Longrightarrow \frac{x^{k-1-s}(v_{1,1})}{x^{k-1-s}(v_{3,1})}\geq \frac{x^{s-1}(v_{3,k-s})}{x^{s-1}(v_{1,1})}=\frac{x^{s-1}(v_{3,k-1})}{x^{s-1}(v_{1,1})}>1.$$ Let $Q_{1}=\{v_{1,k-s}$, $v_{1,k-s+1}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-2}\}$, $Q_{2}=\{v_{3,k-s}$, $v_{3,k-s+1}$, $\ldots$, $v_{3,k-2}\}$, $Q_{3}=e_{1}\setminus Q_{1}$, $Q_{4}=e_{3}\setminus Q_{2}$, $e^{'}_{1}=Q_{3}\cup Q_{2}$, $e^{'}_{3}=Q_{4}\cup Q_{1}$, $U=e_{3,k-1}\setminus \{v_{3,k-1}\}$ and $e^{'}_{3,k-1}=U\cup\{v_{2}\}$. Then $x_{Q_{3}}>x_{Q_{4}}$ and $x_{Q_{2}}>x_{Q_{1}}$. Let $G^{'} =G -e_{3,k-1}-e_{1}-e_{2}+e^{'}_{3,k-1}+e^{'}_{1}+e^{'}_{2}$. Note that if $e_{1}\notin \mathcal {M}$, then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$; if $e_{1}\in \mathcal {M}$, then $\mathcal {M}^{'}=(\mathcal {M}\setminus \{e_{1}\})\cup\{e_{3}\}$ is a matching of $G^{'}$. Thus $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Note that $$\rho(G^{'})-\rho(G)\geq X^{T}\mathcal {A}(G^{'})X^{k-1}-X^{T}\mathcal {A}(G)X^{k-1}=k(x_{Q_{3}}-x_{Q_{4}})(x_{Q_{2}}-x_{Q_{1}})+kx_{U}(x(v_{2})-x(v_{3,k-1}))>0.$$ Then $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$ by Lemma \[le01.02\], which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Subcase 2.2.2**]{} $x(v_{1,1})x(v_{1,2})\cdots x(v_{1,k-2})< x(v_{3,1})x(v_{3,2})\cdots x(v_{3,k-2})$. Let $Q_{1}=\{v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-2}\}$, $Q_{2}=\{v_{3,1}$, $v_{3,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{3,k-2}\}$, $e^{'}_{1}=(e_{1}\setminus Q_{1})\cup Q_{2}$, $e^{'}_{3}=(e_{3}\setminus Q_{2})\cup Q_{1}$, and $e^{'}_{3,k-1}=(e_{3,k-1}\setminus \{v_{3,k-1}\})\cup\{v_{2}\}$. Let $G^{'} =G -e_{3,k-1}-e_{1}-e_{2}+e^{'}_{3,k-1}+e^{'}_{1}+e^{'}_{2}$. As Subcase 2.2.1, we get that $\alpha(G^{'})\geq \alpha(G)$, $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. By the above narrations, we get that except $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$, no other nonpendant edge is incident with $v_{1}$. Then the lemma follows. This completes the proof. $\Box$ Let $\mathbb{W}$ be a connected $k$-uniform hypergraph ($k\geq 3$) with at least $2$ edges, and $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be a cycle in $\mathbb{W}$. Denote by $e_{1}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{2}\}$, and let $e_{1,k-2}$, $e_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $e_{1,k-t}$ ($2\leq t\leq k-1$) be the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-t}$ of $e_{1}$ respectively, where $e_{1,k-i}\cap e_{1}=\{v_{1,k-i}\}$, $deg(v_{1,i})=2$ for $2\leq i\leq t$, $deg(v_{1,i})=1$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$ if $t\leq k-2$. Here, letting $t=1$ means that $deg(v_{1,k-i})=1$ for $2\leq i\leq k-1$. Similar to Lemma \[le03.15\], for hypergraph $\mathbb{W}$, we have the following Lemma \[le03.18\]. \[le03.18\] For graph $\mathbb{W}$, let $\rho=\rho(\mathbb{W})$. Then in the principal eigenvector $X$ of $\mathbb{W}$, $x(v_{1,k-i})=(\frac{x(v_{1})x(v_{2})}{\varphi})^{\frac{1}{2}}$ for $2\leq i\leq t$, and $x(v_{i})=(1-\frac{1}{{\rho}^{k}})^{\frac{1}{k}}(\frac{x(v_{1})x(v_{2})}{\varphi})^{\frac{1}{2}}$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$ if $t\leq k-2$, where $\varphi=\rho(1-\frac{1}{{\rho}^{k}})^{\frac{t+1}{k}}$. Moreover, if $t=k-1$, then $x(v_{1,k-i})=\left (\frac{x(v_{1})x(v_{2})}{\rho-\frac{1}{\rho^{k-1}}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}$ for $2\leq i\leq t$; if $t=1$, then $x(v_{1,k-i})=(\frac{x(v_{1})x(v_{2})}{\rho})^{\frac{1}{2}}$ for $2\leq i\leq k-1$. \[le03.19\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle in $G$, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex, and $X$ be the principal eigenvector of $G$. $\mathrm{(1)}$ If there is a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ which is neither of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$, then $deg(v_{2})=3$, and $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in (V(G)\setminus\{v_{1}, v_{2}\})$. $\mathrm{(2)}$ Assume that there is a pendant edge $e_{l}$ incident with a vertex in $e_{1}\setminus\{v_{1}\}$, and there is a pendant edge $e_{p}$ incident with a vertex in $e_{2}\setminus\{v_{1}\}$ ($e_{l}=e_{p}$ possible, and $e_{l}=e_{p}$ means that $e_{l}$ is incident with $v_{2}$). Then $deg(v_{2})=3$, and $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in (V(G)\setminus\{v_{1}, v_{2}\})$. $\mathrm{(3)}$ Assume that there is a pendant edge $e_{l}$ incident with a vertex in $e_{1}\setminus\{v_{1}\}$, and there is a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$. Then $deg(v_{2})=3$, and $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in (V(G)\setminus\{v_{1}, v_{2}\})$. We prove (1) first. Note the condition that there is a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ which is neither of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$. By Lemma \[le03.17\], it follows that both $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$ are adjacent to some pendant edges respectively, where these pendant edges are not incident with $v_{1}$. Let $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. Denote by $e_{1}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{2}\}$, $e_{2}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{2,1}$, $v_{2,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{2,k-2}$, $v_{2}\}$. Combining Corollary \[le03.09\] and Lemma \[le03.10\], suppose $e_{1,k-2}$, $e_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $e_{1,k-s}$ ($2\leq s\leq k-1$) are the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-s}$ of $e_{1}$ respectively; $e_{2,k-2}$, $e_{2,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $e_{2,k-t}$ ($2\leq t\leq k-1$) are the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{2,k-2}$, $v_{2,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $v_{2,k-t}$ of $e_{2}$ respectively. Note that $G$ is unicyclic. Then by Lemmas \[le03.06\] and \[le03.07\], it follows that $\rho(G)> 1$. By Lemma \[le02,02\] and Lemma \[le03.18\], we get that $x(v_{1,k-2})=x(v_{1,k-3})=\ldots=x(v_{1,k-s})$, $x(v_{1,k-s-1})=x(v_{1,k-s-2})=\ldots=x(v_{1,1})$ and $x(v_{1,k-2})>x(v_{1,1})$ if $s\leq k-2$; $x(v_{2,k-2})=x(v_{2,k-3})=\ldots=x(v_{2,k-t})$, $x(v_{2,k-t-1})=x(v_{2,k-t-2})=\ldots=x(v_{2,1})$ and $x(v_{2,k-2})>x(v_{2,1})$ if $t\leq k-2$. By Lemma \[le03.15\], it follows that $x(v_{1,k-i})>x(v_{i_{j}})$ where $v_{i_{j}}\in (e_{1,k-i}\setminus \{v_{1,k-i}\})$ and $2\leq i\leq s$; $x(v_{2,k-i})>x(v_{i_{j}})$ where $v_{i_{j}}\in (e_{2,k-i}\setminus \{v_{2,k-i}\})$ and $2\leq i\leq t$. Let $A=V(C)\cup(\cup^{s}_{i=2} e_{1,k-i})\cup(\cup^{t}_{i=2} e_{2,k-i})$, $B=A\setminus\{v_{1}, v_{2}\}$. Without loss of generality, suppose that $x(v_{1,k-2})\geq x(v_{2,k-2})$. If $x(v_{2})\leq x(v_{1,k-2})$, then let $e^{'}_{2}=(e_{2}\setminus\{v_{2}\})\cup \{v_{1,k-2}\}$, $G^{'} =G -e_{2}+e^{'}_{2}$. Note that $e_{1}\notin \mathcal {M}$ and $e_{2}\notin \mathcal {M}$ by Lemma \[le03.13\]. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. This means that $x(v_{2})> x(v_{1,k-2})$. As a result, it follows that $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in B$. Note that if $deg(v_{2})=2$, then we let $e^{'}_{1,k-2}=(e_{1,k-2}\setminus \{v_{1,k-2}\})\cup\{v_{2}\}$, and $G^{''}=G-e_{1,k-2}+e^{'}_{1,k-2}$. Similarly, we get that $G^{''}\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G^{''})> \rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. This implies that $deg(v_{2})>2$. Combining this and Lemma \[le03.10\] gets that $deg(v_{2})=3$. Suppose $e_{\mu}$ is the pendant edge incident with $v_{2}$. By Lemma \[le03.15\], it follows that $x(v_{2})>x(v_{\mu_{j}})$ where $v_{\mu_{j}}\in (e_{\mu}\setminus \{v_{2}\})$. Let $D=B\cup (e_{\mu}\setminus \{v_{2}\})$. Consequently, we get that $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in D$. Suppose $e_{f}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{f,1}$, $v_{f,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{f,k-1}\}$ is an edge incident with $v_{1}$ which is neither of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$. If $e_{f}$ is a nonpendant edge, combining Corollary \[le03.09\] and Lemma \[le03.10\], then we assume that $e_{f,k-1}$, $e_{f,k-2}$, $\ldots$, $e_{f,k-\varphi}$ ($1\leq \varphi\leq k-1$) are the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{f,k-1}$, $v_{f,k-2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{f,k-\varphi}$ of $e_{f}$ respectively. By Lemma \[le02,02\] and Lemma \[le03.15\], if $e_{f}$ is a nonpendant edge, then $x(v_{f,k-1})=x(v_{f,k-2})=\ldots=x(v_{f,k-\varphi})$, $x(v_{f,k-\varphi-1})=x(v_{f,k-\varphi-2})=\ldots=x(v_{f,1})$ and $x(v_{f,k-1})>x(v_{f,1})$ if $\varphi\leq k-2$, and $x(v_{f,k-i})>x(v_{i_{j}})$ where $v_{i_{j}}\in (e_{f,k-i}\setminus \{v_{f,k-i}\})$ and $1\leq i\leq \varphi$; if $e_{f}$ is a pendant edge, then $x(v_{f,k-1})=x(v_{f,k-2})=\ldots=x(v_{f,1})$. As proved for $x(v_{2})> x(v_{1,k-2})$ in the first paragraph, it follows that $x(v_{f,k-1})<x(v_{2})$. Let $H=e_{f}\cup(\cup^{\varphi}_{i=1} e_{f,k-i})$, $L=H\setminus\{v_{1}\}$ if $e_{f}$ is a nonpendant edge; $L=e_{f}\setminus\{v_{1}\}$ if $e_{f}$ is a pendant edge. Thus it follows that $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in L$. Notice the arbitrariness of $e_{f}$ and combine that $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in D$. Then (1) follows as desired. Combining Lemma \[le03.10\] and the proof of (1) gets (2); combining Corollary \[le03.14\] and the proof of (1) gets (3). This completes the proof. $\Box$ \[le03.20\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. If there is a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ which is neither of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$, then for each vertex $v\in (V(C)\setminus\{v_{1}\})$, it is incident with exactly one pendant edge. Note the condition that there is a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ which is neither of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$. By Lemma \[le03.17\], it follows that both $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$ are adjacent to some pendant edges respectively, where these pendant edges are not incident with $v_{1}$. By Lemma \[le03.19\], it follows that there is exactly one pendant edge incident with $v_{2}$. Let $X$ be the principal eigenvector of $G$, and $\mathcal {M}$ be a maximal matching of $G$. Denote by $e_{1}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{2}\}$. Combining Corollary \[le03.09\] and Lemma \[le03.10\], suppose that $e_{1,k-2}$, $e_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $e_{1,k-t}$ ($2\leq t\leq k-1$) are the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-t}$ of $e_{1}$ respectively. Suppose $e_{f}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{f,1}$, $v_{f,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{f,k-1}\}$ is a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ which is neither of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$, and combining Corollary \[le03.09\] and Lemma \[le03.10\] again, suppose that $e_{f,k-1}$, $e_{f,k-2}$, $\ldots$, $e_{f,k-s}$ ($1\leq s\leq k-1$) are the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{f,k-1}$, $v_{f,k-2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{f,k-s}$ of $e_{f}$ respectively. By Lemma \[le03.19\], we get that $x(v_{2})>x(v)$ for any $v\in (V(G)\setminus\{v_{1}, v_{2}\})$. Next, we prove that $t= k-1$. Otherwise, suppose that $t\leq k-2$. Then we consider two cases as follows. [**Case 1**]{} $x(v_{1,1})\geq x(v_{f,k-1})$. We let $e^{'}_{f,k-1}=(e_{f,k-1}\setminus \{v_{f,k-1}\})\cup \{v_{1,1}\}$, $G^{'} =G -e_{f,k-1}+e^{'}_{f,k-1}$. Note that $e_{1}\notin \mathcal {M}$ and $e_{f}\notin \mathcal {M}$ by Lemma \[le03.13\]. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,04\] gets that $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Case 2**]{} $x(v_{1,1})< x(v_{f,k-1})$. [**Subcase 2.1**]{} $x(v_{1,k-2})x(v_{1,k-3})\cdots x(v_{1,1})\geq x(v_{f,k-1})x(v_{f,k-2})\cdots x(v_{f,2})$. Then $$\frac{x(v_{1,k-2})x(v_{1,k-3})\cdots x(v_{1,2})}{x(v_{f,k-2})x(v_{f,k-3})\cdots x(v_{f,2})}\geq \frac{x(v_{f,k-1})}{x(v_{1,1})}> 1.$$ Note that $x(v_{2})>x(v_{f,1})$. Then $$x(v_{2})x(v_{1,k-2})x(v_{1,k-3})\cdots x(v_{1,2})x(v_{1})>x(v_{f,k-2})x(v_{f,k-3})\cdots x(v_{f,2})x(v_{f,1})x(v_{1}).$$ Let $G^{'}$ be obtained by $e_{1}\rightleftharpoons {v_{1,1}\atop {v_{f,k-1}}}e_{f} $. Note that $e_{1}\notin \mathcal {M}$ and $e_{f}\notin \mathcal {M}$ by Lemma \[le03.13\]. Then $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$ and $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$. Using Lemma \[le02,05\] gets that $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. [**Subcase 2.2**]{} $x(v_{1,k-2})x(v_{1,k-3})\cdots x(v_{1,1})< x(v_{f,k-1})x(v_{f,k-2})\cdots x(v_{f,2})$. Let $U_{1}=\{v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{1,k-3}$, $\cdots$, $v_{1,1}\}$, $U_{2}=\{v_{f,k-1}$, $v_{f,k-2}$, $\cdots$, $v_{f,2}\}$, $G^{'}$ be obtained by $e_{1}\rightleftharpoons {U_{1}\atop {U_{2}}}e_{f} $. Note that $x(v_{2})>x(v_{f,1})$. As Subcase 2.1, we get that $\mathcal {M}$ is also a maximal matching of $G^{'}$, $G^{'}\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G^{'})> \rho(G)$, which contradicts $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$. By the above narrations, it follows that $t= k-1$. Similarly, for $e_{2}$, we get the same conclusion. Thus the lemma follows as desired. This completes the proof. $\Box$ \[le03.21\] Let $G\in \mathcal {H}$ and $\rho(G)=\rho_{max}$, $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be the unique cycle, $v_{1}$ be a $M_{a}$-vertex in $G$. We have $\mathrm{(1)}$ $m= z+1$ if and only if $deg(v_{1})=2$, $deg(v_{2})=2$, and no pendant edge is adjacent to at least one of $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$; $\mathrm{(2)}$ if $m\geq z+2$, then there must be a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$; moreover, if $z\geq 2$, then $deg(v_{2})=3$. \(1) [**Claim**]{} If $deg(v_{1})\geq 3$, then there must be a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$. Otherwise, assume that no pendant edge is incident with $v_{1}$. Then there is a nonpendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ which is neither of $e_{1}$ and $e_{2}$. Then by Lemma \[le03.20\], it follows that $deg(v_{2})=3$. By Corollary \[le03.12\], it follows that there must be a pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$. This is a contradiction. Thus the claim holds. By Corollary \[le03.14\], there is a maximal matching of $G$ which contains one pendant edge incident with $v_{1}$ and all other pendant edges not incident with $v_{1}$. Note that now neither of $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$ is in this matching. Then $m\geq z+2$, which contradicts $m= z+1$. Thus $deg(v_{1})=2$. By Corollary \[le03.12\], it follows that $deg(v_{2})=2$. By Lemma \[le03.19\], it follows that no pendant edge is adjacent to at least one of $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$. From the above proof, we get that if $deg(v_{1})=2$, then $deg(v_{2})=2$, and no pendant edge is adjacent to at least one one of $e_{1}$, $e_{2}$. Suppose no pendant edge is adjacent to $e_{1}$. By Lemma \[le03.13\], there is a maximal matching $\mathcal {M}$ which contains $e_{1}$ and all pendant edges. Then $m= z+1$. Thus (1) follows. Combining (1), Corollary \[le03.12\] and Lemma \[le03.19\] gets that if $m\geq z+2$, then $deg(v_{1})\geq3$. Using the above Claim for proving (1) and using Lemma \[le03.19\] again get (2). This completes the proof. $\Box$ Let $\mathbb{D}$ be a connected $k$-uniform hypergraph ($k\geq 3$) with at least $2$ edges, and $C=v_{1}e_{1}v_{2}e_{2}v_{1}$ be a cycle in $\mathbb{D}$. Denote by $e_{1}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{1,1}$, $v_{1,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{2}\}$, and let $e_{1,k-2}$, $e_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $e_{1,k-s}$ ($2\leq s\leq k-2$) be the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{1,k-2}$, $v_{1,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $v_{1,k-s}$ of $e_{1}$ respectively, where $e_{1,k-i}\cap e_{1}=\{v_{1,k-i}\}$, $deg(v_{1,i})=2$ for $2\leq i\leq s$, $deg(v_{1,i})=1$ for $s+1\leq i\leq k-1$. Denote by $e_{2}=\{v_{1}$, $v_{2,1}$, $v_{2,2}$, $\ldots$, $v_{2,k-2}$, $v_{2}\}$, and let $e_{2,k-2}$, $e_{2,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $e_{2,k-t}$ ($2\leq t\leq s$) be the pendant edges incident with vertices $v_{2,k-2}$, $v_{2,k-3}$, $\ldots$, $v_{2,k-t}$ of $e_{2}$ respectively, where $e_{2,k-i}\cap e_{2}=\{v_{2,k-i}\}$, $deg(v_{2,i})=2$ for $2\leq i\leq t$, $deg(v_{2,i})=1$ for $t+1\leq i\leq k-1$. Let $e^{'}_{2,k-t}=(e_{2,k-t}\setminus \{v_{2,k-t}\})\cup \{v_{1,k-s-1}\}$, $\mathbb{D}^{'} =\mathbb{D}-e_{2,k-t}+e^{'}_{2,k-t}$. Similar to Lemma \[le03.16\], for hypergraph $\mathbb{D}$, combining Lemma \[le03.18\], we have the following Lemma \[le03.22\]. \[le03.22\] For hypergraph $\mathbb{D}$, we have $\rho(\mathbb{D}^{'})> \rho(\mathbb{D})$ and $\alpha(\mathbb{D}^{'})\geq\alpha(\mathbb{D})$. [**Proof of Theorem \[th01.03\].**]{} Note that $G$ is connected. Thus we have $m\geq z+1$. If $m= z+1$, then (1) follows from \[le03.21\]. Next, we consider the case that $m\geq z+2$. By Lemmas \[le03.01\], \[le03.03\], \[le03.08\], \[le03.10\], \[le03.13\], \[le03.17\], \[le03.19\]-\[le03.21\], Corollaries \[le03.04\], \[le03.05\], \[le03.09\], \[le03.12\], \[le03.14\], and using Lemmas \[le03.11\], \[le03.16\] and \[le03.22\] repeatedly, it follows that $G$ is isomorphic to a $\mathscr{U}(n,k;f;r,s;t,w)$ where $z=\alpha(\mathscr{U}(n,k;f;r,s;t,w))=f+r+s+t(k-1)+w+1$, $v_{1}$ of $\mathscr{U}(n,k;f;r,s;t,w)$ is a $M_{a}$-vertex, and $\mathscr{U}(n,k;f;r,s;t,w)$ satisfies (2)-(5) respectively. This completes the proof. $\Box$ Theorem \[th01.04\] follows from Theorem \[th01.03\] as a corollary directly. [^1]: Corresponding author, E-mail addresses: [email protected] (G. Yu), [email protected] (H. Zhang). [^2]: Supported by NSFC (No. 11771376, 11571252), Foundation of Lingnan Normal University(ZL1923), “333" Project of Jiangsu (2016), NSFCU of Jiangsu (16KJB110011). | Mid | [
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# Learning to Protect Communications with Adversarial Neural Cryptography This is a slightly-updated model used for the paper ["Learning to Protect Communications with Adversarial Neural Cryptography"](https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.06918). > We ask whether neural networks can learn to use secret keys to protect > information from other neural networks. Specifically, we focus on ensuring > confidentiality properties in a multiagent system, and we specify those > properties in terms of an adversary. Thus, a system may consist of neural > networks named Alice and Bob, and we aim to limit what a third neural > network named Eve learns from eavesdropping on the communication between > Alice and Bob. We do not prescribe specific cryptographic algorithms to > these neural networks; instead, we train end-to-end, adversarially. > We demonstrate that the neural networks can learn how to perform forms of > encryption and decryption, and also how to apply these operations > selectively in order to meet confidentiality goals. This code allows you to train encoder/decoder/adversary network triplets and evaluate their effectiveness on randomly generated input and key pairs. ## Prerequisites The only software requirements for running the encoder and decoder is having TensorFlow installed. Requires TensorFlow r0.12 or later. ## Training and evaluating After installing TensorFlow and ensuring that your paths are configured appropriately: ``` python train_eval.py ``` This will begin training a fresh model. If and when the model becomes sufficiently well-trained, it will reset the Eve model multiple times and retrain it from scratch, outputting the accuracy thus obtained in each run. ## Model differences from the paper The model has been simplified slightly from the one described in the paper - the convolutional layer width was reduced by a factor of two. In the version in the paper, there was a nonlinear unit after the fully-connected layer; that nonlinear has been removed here. These changes improve the robustness of training. The initializer for the convolution layers has switched to the `tf.contrib.layers default` of `xavier_initializer` instead of a simpler `truncated_normal`. ## Contact information This model repository is maintained by David G. Andersen ([dave-andersen](https://github.com/dave-andersen)). | Mid | [
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Quiz: Who Said it? Aaron Schlossberg or Donald Trump? May 20, 2018 Aaron Schlossberg, an NYC lawyer, recently became infamous due to his viral racist rants against Spanish-speaking people, in a city where over 800 languages are spoken. Donald Trump, an NYC reality TV star turned motivational leader, has also had his share of racial tirades. Do you know who is who? How is your racist IQ? Can you tell the difference between these two men? The Tilted Glass presents for you the following interactive quiz made at great cost and effort. | Low | [
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Michael Applebaum sentenced to 12 months behind bars Former Montreal mayor Michael Applebaum has been sentenced to 12 months in jail and two years' probation after being found guilty of fraud and breach of trust. Provincial court Judge Louise Provost handed down her decision Thursday at the Montreal courthouse, saying Applebaum committed "very serious" crimes over a period of several years. The 54-year-old was then handcuffed before addressing the court. Applebaum told the judge he will take time in jail to reflect upon his past actions and plan for the future. "I can guarantee you and my family that I will be a better person when I come out," he said. "Since my arrest, I haven't been able to work and put food on the table for my family ... I have a remarkable family, and I will again put food on the table and make a life." Speaking to reporters outside the courtroom, prosecutor Nathalie Kléber said the sentence sends a "clear message" that there are consequences to engaging in corruption. Applebaum took power in 2013 on a promise to clean up Montreal City Hall. Only seven months later, he was arrested on charges dating back to his time as borough mayor of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, the city's largest borough. The case centred on accepting cash from real estate developers and engineering firms in return for favours. The sentencing was delayed by over an hour because, Provost said, Applebaum had to be treated in hospital for an unknown ailment earlier in the day. Applebaum was convicted in January of eight corruption-related charges, including two counts each of fraud on the government, conspiracy to commit fraud on the government, breach of trust and conspiracy to commit breach of trust. The maximum sentence Applebaum could have received was five years in prison. Kléber had argued that Applebaum's sentence should be "significant, but reasonable" and asked for less than the maximum: two years in prison, followed by two years of probation. Shady dealings The crimes stem from a period between 2006 and 2012, and involve two projects: a proposed real estate development on de Troie Avenue, and a municipal contract for the management and maintenance of the NDG Sports Centre. The Crown argued Applebaum asked for cash kickbacks in exchange for ensuring the projects were approved by his administration. There was no paper trail linking Applebaum to the illicit cash, and in her ruling, Provost said she would have been surprised if the investigators had been able to seize any documents, given the extreme prudence shown by the accused. 'Not an angel' While Applebaum never admitted to any illegal activity on the surveillance recordings heard in court, Provost said she found several of his statements "troubling." Applebaum was recorded saying to the Crown's star witness, former political aide Hugo Tremblay: "In the end they have to have the money." The defence tried to shake the credibility of Tremblay, but Provost said she found his testimony "articulate and sincere." The court heard that during one conversation in 2007, Tremblay recalls Applebaum saying, "We gotta make a living." "I realized at that moment that Michael Applebaum was open to corruption," Tremblay told the court. | Mid | [
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Cape Town - A 27-mantouring squad left Cape Town on Sunday for a four-week Australasian tour.The group includes all 23 players that did duty in the 35-8 win against the Jaguares at Newlands last Friday, along with locks Salmaan Moerat and Chris van Zyl, flyhalf Joshua Stander and prop Michael Kumbirai.The four-week tour will see the Stormers face the Hurricanes in Wellington, the Blues in Auckland, the Reds in Brisbane and the Rebels in Melbourne as they look to add to their three wins this season.Head coach Robbie Fleck said that his squad will be looking to grow their game further on tour."An Australasian tour is always an opportunity to grow as a unit and definitely something that we as a group look forward to."We have made some good progress already this season, but we know that we can raise our standards further, which is the mindset on this tour, he told the Stormers' official website : Juarno Augustus, Jaco Coetzee, Damian de Allende, Dan du Plessis, Jean-Luc du Plessis, Pieter-Steph du Toit, Eben Etzebeth, Corne Fourie, Herschel Jantjies, Steven Kitshoff, Siya Kolisi (captain), Michael Kumbirai, Dillyn Leyds, Wilco Louw, Frans Malherbe, SP Marais, Bongi Mbonambi, Salmaan Moerat, Ruhan Nel, Scarra Ntubeni, Sergeal Petersen, Justin Phillips, JD Schickerling, Joshua Stander, Chris van Zyl, Cobus Wiese, Damian Willemse | Mid | [
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Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) is a progressive and incurable disease caused by fibrosis of the bone marrow and accompanied by inexorable splenomegaly and leukothroblasitc peripheral blood picture. By removing the fibrotic/osteosclerotic substance from a femur and iliac crest and infusing autologous stem cells it is hoped that a sustained hematological mission owing to restored hematopoiesis will occur. | High | [
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More About: Farmers National Company, the nation's leading agricultural services company, reports that demand for farmland is at an all-time high - based on a record number of transactions - pushing sales prices up 20 percent, on average, over 2010. Strong grain prices and farmland profits are fueling record demand, sales volumes and land prices. These same factors are also resulting in record increases in cash rent levels, according to Jim Farrell, president of Farmers National Company. Cash rents in the top production areas have increased by 25 to 40 percent in 2011, some of the largest jumps the market has ever seen, according to Farrell. On the real estate side, market dynamics indicate there are still more potential buyers than sellers, with the possibility to push land prices higher. Fiscal year sales at Farmers National Company increased by 17 percent over 2010 transactions. The company sold over $450 million in real estate, with over 750 farm and ranch units. "Just when we felt we had seen the top in the market, record land prices have been surpassed over and again," said Farrell. "Market factors continue to be ripe for record performance." Currently farmers still make up 75 percent of buyers, despite continued strong interest from investors. Auction activity has reached a record level, which is boosting sales prices for properties to top dollar. During the last quarter of 2011 alone, Farmers National Company will hold over 70 auctions. | High | [
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Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS. No. CR-14-447 LARRY EUGENE WALDEN Opinion Delivered September 15, 2016 APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE SEBASTIAN V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, FORT SMITH DISTRICT STATE OF ARKANSAS [NO. 66CR-09-676] APPELLEE HONORABLE J. MICHAEL FITZHUGH, JUDGE AFFIRMED. PER CURIAM In 2011, appellant Larry Eugene Walden was found guilty by a jury of aggravated robbery and sentenced as a habitual offender to 720 months’ imprisonment. The Arkansas Court of Appeals affirmed. Walden v. State, 2012 Ark. App. 307, 419 S.W.3d 739. Walden subsequently filed in the trial court a timely, verified petition for postconviction relief pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1 (2011). The petition was denied, and Walden appealed to this court. We reversed the order and remanded the matter to the trial court for entry of an order that complied with Rule 37.3(a). Walden v. State, 2014 Ark. 10 (per curiam). On remand, the trial court held a hearing on the petition and again denied postconviction relief. Walden brings this appeal. Any issues that were argued below, but not raised in this appeal, are considered abandoned. Williams v. State, 2011 Ark. 489, 385 S.W.3d 228. Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 Walden’s Rule 37.1 petition was based on numerous claims that his trial attorney, Timothy Sharum, was ineffective, all of which the trial court rejected. We find no error and affirm the order. This court will not reverse the trial court’s decision granting or denying postconviction relief unless it is clearly erroneous. Kemp v. State, 347 Ark. 52, 55, 60 S.W.3d 404, 406 (2001). A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. Id. When considering an appeal from a trial court’s denial of a Rule 37.1 petition based on ineffective assistance of counsel, the sole question presented is whether, based on the totality of the evidence under the standard set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 (1984), the trial court clearly erred in holding that counsel’s performance was not ineffective. Taylor v. State, 2013 Ark. 146, 427 S.W.3d 29. Under the two-prong standard outlined in Strickland, to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner must show that (1) counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced his defense. Adkins v. State, 2015 Ark. 336, 469 S.W.3d 790. The reviewing court must indulge in a strong presumption that trial counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance. Id. The petitioner claiming ineffective assistance of counsel has the burden of overcoming this presumption by identifying specific acts or omissions of trial counsel, which, when viewed from counsel’s perspective at the time of the trial, could not have been the result of reasonable professional judgment. Id. The second prong requires a petitioner to show that counsel’s deficient performance so prejudiced his 2 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 defense that he was deprived of a fair trial. Holloway v. State, 2013 Ark. 140, 426 S.W.3d 462. Consequently, the petitioner must show there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, the fact-finder would have had a reasonable doubt respecting guilt, i.e., the decision reached would have been different absent the errors. Howard v. State, 367 Ark. 18, 238 S.W.3d 24 (2006). A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of the trial. Id. Unless a petitioner makes both showings, it cannot be said that the conviction resulted from a breakdown in the adversarial process that renders the result unreliable. Houghton v. State, 2015 Ark. 252, 464 S.W.3d 922. Finally, conclusory statements that counsel was ineffective cannot be the basis for postconviction relief. Id.; Anderson v. State, 2011 Ark. 488, 385 S.W.3d 783. The charge of aggravated robbery against Walden arose from an incident at a bank in Fort Smith in 2009 in which Walden handed a teller a bag with a note that said, “This is a robbery. I have a gun. Give me all your money, no red dye pack.” The teller testified that she took money from her till and placed it in the bag because of Walden’s “menacing scowl” and the implied threat to her life. Prior to instruction of the jury by the trial court, Walden requested an instruction on the lesser-included offense of robbery. The trial court declined to give the instruction on robbery. On direct appeal, the court of appeals did not reach the trial court’s decision to deny the instruction on the lesser-included offense of robbery because Walden did not proffer the instruction. Walden, 2012 Ark. App. 307, 419 S.W.3d 739. Walden alleged in his Rule 37.1 petition that the failure of his counsel, Sharum, to proffer the instruction amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel because the instruction 3 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 was warranted and because the court of appeals would have reversed the judgment had the proffer been given. The trial court held in its order that counsel was not ineffective because Walden was not entitled to the instruction on the ground that the evidence that Walden had committed aggravated robbery was conclusive; therefore, there was no requirement that the jury be instructed on mere robbery. We agree. We need not reiterate the discussion by the court of appeals in its decision finding that Walden’s conduct satisfied the elements of aggravated robbery as defined by Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-12-103 (Repl. 2006). Walden, 2012 Ark. App. 307, at 6–7, 419 S.W.3d at 743. As there was substantial evidence that Walden committed aggravated robbery, he did not establish that there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of his trial would have been different had the lesser-included-offense instruction been given or that the court of appeals would have reversed the judgment had there been a proffer of the instruction. See Sweet v. State, 2011 Ark. 20, 370 S.W.3d 510 (holding that when the evidence adduced at trial was conclusive to show that aggravated robbery was committed, the trial court was not required to administer a jury instruction on the lesser- included offense of ordinary robbery). Walden’s next point for reversal of the trial court’s order pertains to his having been convicted as a habitual offender at the Arkansas trial based on his prior convictions in federal court in Oklahoma of three counts of robbery. Walden contended in his Rule 37.1 petition, as he does in this appeal, that Sharum was ineffective on the ground that Sharum, before Walden was tried for aggravated robbery in Arkansas, erred in advising him to plead guilty 4 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 to the three robbery counts in federal court in Oklahoma and thus caused him to be sentenced as a habitual offender in Arkansas. The trial court noted in its order that Sharum had no authority to advise Walden on his pending federal charges,1 that Sharum testified at the hearing that he had told Walden to listen to his attorney in the federal court proceedings, and that Walden admitted at the Rule 37.1 hearing that Sharum had not expressly advised him to plead guilty in federal court. Rather, Walden contended at the hearing that Sharum was remiss by not communicating with him about the federal court pleas and that he should have “stepped in and done something about it,” and faulted Sharum for not advising him “in any way, shape, or form.” It appears that Walden’s allegations concerning Sharum’s conduct with respect to the federal court pleas was founded on the erroneous assumption that Sharum had an obligation to advise him about the federal court pleas because those pleas might affect his status as a habitual offender in his Arkansas trial. If so, he did not demonstrate that Sharum had such a duty or that he was remiss within the bounds of Strickland in the Arkansas proceedings by not advising him on the federal charges. Next, Walden argues that Sharum erred by resting the defense case without permitting him to testify on his own behalf. The Supreme Court of the United States has held that a criminal defendant has a right to testify on his own behalf if he chooses to do so. Rock v. Arkansas, 483 U.S. 44 (1987). Counsel may only advise the accused in making the decision. Sartin v. State, 2012 Ark. 155, at 7–8, 400 S.W.3d 694, 699–700; Chenowith v. 1 Walden was represented by counsel in the federal court proceedings. 5 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 State, 341 Ark. 722, 19 S.W.3d 612 (2000) (per curiam). This court has consistently held, however, that the mere fact that a defendant did not testify is not, in and of itself, a basis for postconviction relief. See, e.g., Dansby v. State, 347 Ark. 674, 66 S.W.3d 585 (2002). Ordinarily, counsel’s advice to the defendant not to testify is simply a matter of trial strategy. Williams v. State, 2011 Ark. 489, at 12, 385 S.W.3d 228, 237; Chenowith, 341 Ark. at 734, 19 S.W.3d at 618. The lack of success with trial tactics in obtaining an acquittal does not equate with ineffective assistance of counsel. O'Rourke v. State, 298 Ark. 144, 154, 765 S.W.2d 916, 922 (1989); see also Fink v. State, 280 Ark. 281, 658 S.W.2d 359 (1983). Timothy Sharum testified at the evidentiary hearing that he had discussed with Walden before trial whether he should testify. Sharum further testified that, after observing Walden testify at a pretrial hearing, he made the strategic decision to advise Walden not to testify at trial. Counsel also feared that cross-examination of Walden by the State concerning the three prior robbery convictions in federal court would have been detrimental to the defense. Sharum further said that he asked the court at the close of the defense case for a moment to confer with Walden. He asked Walden at that time if he wished to take the stand, and Walden confirmed that he did not. Another attorney, Christina Scherrey, who sat with Sharum at the defense table, also testified at the hearing. She confirmed that Sharum had asked Walden at the close of the defense case if he wished to testify and informed Walden that “[t]his is the point that you can testify or not testify,” and that Walden declined to take the stand. 6 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 The record on direct appeal does not reflect that Walden ever informed the court on the record that he desired to testify. We have held that, when a defendant remains silent even though he desires to testify, the defendant knowingly and voluntarily waives his right to testify. Sartin, 2012 Ark. 155, at 9, 400 S.W.3d at 700. While it clear that the right to testify is a fundamental right that may only be exercised by the defendant, neither this court nor the Supreme Court of the United States has held that a record must be made evincing a defendant’s waiver of his right to testify and that failure of counsel to have his client make the declaration on the record does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel. Id. It should also be noted that the petitioner in a Rule 37.1 proceeding claiming ineffective assistance of counsel for failure of counsel to secure the petitioner’s testimony at trial must make a showing that he expressed his desire to testify to counsel and that his failure to testify prejudiced the defense. See State v. Franklin, 351 Ark. 131, 137, 89 S.W.3d 865, 868 (2002). To establish prejudice, the defendant must state specifically what his testimony would have been. See id.; see also Isom v. State, 284 Ark. 426, 682 S.W.2d 755 (1985). Here, there was little showing of what Walden’s testimony would have been had he testified beyond vague statements that Walden would have given the jury the whole story of the incident. He clearly made no showing of prejudice caused by ineffective assistance of counsel that would warrant vacating the judgment in his case under Strickland. See Franklin, 351 Ark. 131, 89 S.W.3d 865. Walden further contends on appeal that the trial court erred in finding that counsel was not remiss in failing to object to the prosecution’s introduction into evidence of a photograph taken by a security camera at the bank. Walden contended in his Rule 37.1 7 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 petition that the photograph constituted a “known misrepresentation of the evidence” by the prosecutor because the prosecutor said that it showed Walden lunging at the bank teller when he had in fact just handed her the bag and the note. The trial court in its order stated that the trial transcript did not reflect that the prosecutor made such a statement, but, in any event, the claim was one of prosecutorial misconduct and such claims are not cognizable in a Rule 37.1 proceeding. Walden argues that the trial court was wrong not to address the claim as one of ineffective assistance of counsel. In its brief, the appellee states that the trial transcript does not contain a statement by the prosecutor about Walden’s “lunging” or any synonym for the word that would suggest that the State contended that Walden moved toward the teller. At the Rule 37.1 hearing, the court offered Walden the opportunity to read a copy of the partial trial record that the prosecutor brought to the hearing to locate the statement, but he declined to do so. We take judicial notice that the trial transcript lodged on direct appeal is consolidated into the record for this postconviction appeal. Green v. State, 2014 Ark. 284, at 2 (per curiam) (citing Drymon v. State, 327 Ark. 375, 938 S.W.2d 825 (1997) (per curiam) (holding that the direct-appeal record is automatically considered to be consolidated with the postconviction-appeal record)). There is no reference in the prosecutor’s opening statement, closing argument, or in the examination of the teller to Walden’s moving threateningly toward the teller. Accordingly, Walden did not state facts to establish that there was any cause for counsel to object to any photograph or the prosecutor’s comments on any photograph. It is well settled that counsel cannot be considered ineffective for failing 8 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 to make an objection or an argument that is without merit. Watson v. State, 2014 Ark. 203, at 8, 444 S.W.3d 835, 841; Anthony v. State, 2014 Ark. 195, at 15 (per curiam). Without providing any particular argument concerning the point, Walden alleges that counsel should have objected to the bank teller’s testimony that he had a “menacing look” during the crime. As the court noted in its order, counsel questioned the teller concerning Walden’s expression, and she conceded that the expression could have been interpreted as a “blank stare.” Walden argues that counsel should have further challenged the witness’s testimony on the ground that she could not have seen a blank stare because he was wearing sunglasses at the time. We recognize that the cross-examination of witnesses is a largely subjective issue about which seasoned advocates could disagree. McNichols v. State, 2014 Ark. 462, at 8, 448 S.W.3d 200, 206 (per curiam). An approach in examining a witness that may prove effective in one instance may fail entirely in another, and counsel is allowed great leeway in making strategic and tactical decisions concerning which questions to ask. Robinson v. State, 2014 Ark. 310, 439 S.W.3d 32 (per curiam). Here, there was evidence that Walden threatened the teller with the assertion that he was armed with a gun. Under the circumstances, and considering the totality of the evidence, as a court must do under Strickland, we cannot say that Walden made a showing of ineffective assistance of counsel. Moreover, to the extent that the allegation was intended as a claim that the evidence did not show that the teller felt threatened by Walden’s conduct, the allegation was essentially an assertion that the evidence was not sufficient to sustain the judgment that he committed an aggravated robbery. Rule 37.1, however, does not provide a means to 9 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 challenge the sufficiency of the evidence merely because the petitioner has raised the challenge in the guise of an allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel. Nickelson v. State, 2013 Ark. 252, at 4–5 (per curiam). Walden also asks that the trial court’s order be reversed on the ground that counsel “labored under a conflict of interest.” As support for the claim, Walden in his Rule 37.1 petition and in his brief in this appeal lists the allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel contained in the petition as a whole. The allegations include the following “conflicts”: counsel did not move for dismissal of the charge against him on the basis of a speedy-trial violation; counsel waived his right to testify in his own behalf; counsel advised him to plead guilty to the charges pending against him in federal court; counsel failed to proffer a jury instruction on robbery as a lesser-included offense to aggravated robbery; counsel failed to object to the prosecutor’s introduction of a photograph that was described as showing him “lunging” at the teller; counsel failed to challenge the teller’s testimony that he stared at her blankly because he was wearing sunglasses, and she could not have seen his eyes. None of the claims constituted a showing of a conflict of interest that merited postconviction relief under Rule 37.1. An actual conflict of interest generally requires proof that counsel “actively represented conflicting interests” of third parties. Townsend v. State, 350 Ark. 129, at 134, 85 S.W.3d 526, 528 (2002). The allegations raised by Walden point to no evidence in the record of an actual conflict in that he merely recites allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel that are without merit, and he does not offer any facts to suggest, much less establish, a true conflict of interest. See Nelson v. State, 2014 Ark. 28 (per curiam) (holding that 10 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 prejudice arising from a conflict of interest is presumed only when counsel actively represents conflicting interests, and an actual conflict adversely affects counsel’s performance). We have held that, in the absence of an actual conflict, a petitioner alleging that counsel's performance was deficient due to another form of conflict must demonstrate a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Id. (citing Mickens v. Taylor, 535 U.S. 162 (2002)). Rather than support a claim of an actual conflict of interest, Walden’s assertions are at most claims that his relationship with counsel was not productive in that he was found guilty of aggravated robbery. The mere fact that the trial resulted in a conviction, however, is not a proper gauge to determine counsel’s competency. Fink v. State, 280 Ark. 281, at 284, 658 S.W.2d 359, 360 (1983). The Sixth Amendment does not guarantee a meaningful relationship between an accused and his counsel that results in a successful defense. See Morris v. Slappy, 461 U.S. 1, 14 (1983). Finally, Walden argues at length that he was entitled to appointment of counsel to represent him at the Rule 37.1 hearing. As support for the argument, he cites Martinez v. Ryan, 566 U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 1309 (2012), and other precedent that he contends establishes his absolute right to appointment of counsel. While the trial court has the discretion to appoint counsel under Rule 37.3(b), we have rejected the argument that Martinez and other precedent mandates appointment of counsel for every Rule 37.1 hearing. Mancia v. State, 2015 Ark. 115, at 26, 459 S.W.3d 259, 275. Postconviction matters are considered civil in nature, and there is no absolute right to counsel. Stalnaker v. State, 2015 11 Cite as 2016 Ark. 306 Ark. 250, at 10, 464 S.W.3d 466, 472 (per curiam); McCuen v. State, 328 Ark. 46, 56, 941 S.W.2d 397, 402 (1997). In order to demonstrate an abuse of discretion by the trial court in declining to appoint counsel, an appellant must make some substantial showing that his petition included a meritorious claim. Chunestudy v. State, 2014 Ark. 345, at 9, 438 S.W.3d 923, 930 (per curiam). Our review of the Rule 37.1 proceeding in this appeal establishes that Walden did not make that showing. Affirmed. Larry E. Walden, pro se appellant. 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A fragile zwitterionic phosphasilene as a transfer agent of the elusive parent phosphinidene (:PH). The simplest parent phosphinidene, :PH (1), has been observed only in the gas phase or low temperature matrices and has escaped rigorous characterization because of its high reactivity. Its liberation and transfer to an unsaturated organic molecule in solution has now been accomplished by taking advantage of the facile homolytic bond cleavage of the fragile Si═P bond of the first zwitterionic phosphasilene LSi=PH (8) (L = CH[(C═CH2)CMe(NAr)2]; Ar = 2,6-(i)Pr2C6H3). The latter bears two highly localized lone pairs on the phosphorus atom due to the LSi═PH ↔ LSi(+)-PH(-) resonance structures. Strikingly, the dissociation of 8 in hydrocarbon solutions occurs even at room temperature, affording the N-heterocyclic silylene LSi: (9) and 1, which leads to oligomeric [PH]n clusters in the absence of a trapping agent. However, in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene as an unsaturated organic substrate, the fragile phosphasilene 8 acts as a :PH transfer reagent, resulting in the formation of silylene 9 and phosphaalkene 11 bearing a terminal PH moiety. | High | [
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Americans willing to raise payroll taxes to save Social Security Isaac M. O'Bannon, Editor - CPA Practice Advisor On Jan 31, 2013 Even though wage earning taxpayers are already paying an extra 2 percent this year after the expiration of the payroll tax cut, a new survey shows that Americans are willing to pay more to preseve Social Security. The survey included partisan identification, with both Republicans (74%) and Democrats (88%) agreeing with the comment: "It is critical to preserve Social Security even if it means increasing Social Security taxes paid by working Americans." When asked the same question about increasing Social Security taxes for better-off Americans, 71% of Republicans and 97% of Democrats agree. Social Security taxes are paid by workers and their employers on earnings up to a cap ($113,700 in 2013). About 5% of workers earn more than the cap. The survey used a new approach to measuring public opinion about Social Security. In addition to asking participants whether they would favor a particular change, they were asked to choose a preferred package of changes, much as lawmakers might do. Participants considered various combinations of 12 possible changes, including raising taxes; lowering benefits by raising the full retirement age, changing the COLA, or means-testing benefits; and increasing benefits. The most favored package of changes — preferred to the status quo by seven in 10 participants across generations and income levels — would: Gradually, over 10 years, eliminate the cap on earnings taxed for Social Security. This would mean that the 5% of workers who earn more than the cap would pay into Social Security all year, as other workers do. Gradually, over 20 years, raise the Social Security tax that workers and employers each pay from 6.2% of earnings to 7.2%. The increase would be so gradual that someone earning $50,000 a year would pay about 50 cents a week more each year, with the employer's share increasing by the same amount. Increase the COLA to more accurately reflect the inflation actually experienced by seniors, who typically pay more out-of-pocket for medical care than other Americans. Raise Social Security's minimum benefit so that a worker who pays into Social Security for 30 years can retire at 62 or later with benefits above the federal poverty line ($10,788 in 2011). Currently, lifetime low-wage workers are at risk of falling into poverty in their old age, even after paying Social Security taxes throughout their working lives. Social Security currently faces a projected long-term funding shortfall, and in the absence of action by Congress the program would be able to pay only about 75% of scheduled benefits after 2033. The above package of four changes would turn the projected financing gap into a small surplus, providing a margin of safety. "This report deserves close attention from policymakers," said James Roosevelt, Jr., President and CEO of Tufts Health Plan and grandson of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who created Social Security in 1935. "It drills deeper into public opinion than standard surveys and shows how Americans are willing to make hard choices and address challenges for the common good." To identify the preferred package, NASI partnered with Mathew Greenwald & Associates to use trade-off analysis, a technique widely used in market research to learn which product features are most preferred by consumers. The trade-off exercise allowed survey participants to express preferences among many combinations of policy changes, and researchers determined the most preferred combination. The trade-off exercise found that reducing benefits – for example, by raising the retirement age to 70 or means-testing Social Security benefits – were unpopular policy changes. "At a time when Americans seem deeply divided about the right size and role of government, it is striking that Americans across political and generational lines agree on specific policies to pay for and improve Social Security benefits," said Jasmine V. Tucker, NASI research associate, who co-authored the report with NASI's Virginia P. Reno, vice president for income security, and Thomas N. Bethell, a senior fellow. About the survey: The online survey of 2,000 Americans ages 21 and older was conducted by Ipsos Loyalty from September 17-24, 2012, drawing from a pool of 700,000 consumers who have volunteered to participate in surveys. Online interviews, averaging 25 minutes, explored participants' knowledge and attitudes about Social Security and their preferences when choosing among many possible combinations of policy changes. Results were weighted to reflect the composition of the U.S. population in the 2010 census. | High | [
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Link to story (http://www.steelerfury.com/articles/title/Gospel-VII-like-the-Night-LifeI-like-to-Party/) By FC Fury I hate Sunday night games…Its just not the wait…The Steelers always seem to play flat on Sunday night. I expect the Broncos best game…In other words the Broncos won’t hold anything back… I expect the Broncos best shot…Trick plays and risky decisions included. Javon Walker killed the Steelers last season…Walker is hobbled by a bum knee... he is questionable to play…Ike has something to prove, I believe Ike would have shut down Walker healthy or not…Champ Bailey is still a great corner…I expect Bailey to play Sunday with the quad injury…Ward takes the game to Bailey…Ward is far more physical then Bailey…Ward should have success on ball control routes. The Broncos struggle to stop the run for a simple reason (Worst in the NFL)…The Broncos Defensive line is tiny and the Broncos linebackers struggle to tackle. The Broncos Qb rating against is a 96… 5th worst in the NFL (NFL Avg. is an 82)…From the start of the season I questioned the Broncos ability to stop teams. The Broncos have some talent at the skill positions on offense. Jay Cutler has a big time arm…He will also make poor decisions with the ball…Cutler when healthy is fairly mobile and can beat defenses with his feet. Travis Henry (9 Damn kids with 9 different women in 9 different states…That can’t be true?) is a very tough running back…He runs hard and low with very underrated cutting ability and vision…Henry has fumbled a ton in his career…I expect Henry to play this week unless his baseless injunction is lifted. Walker is a Steeler killer… The Other Wr is Brandon Marshall who was my man coming out UCF…He is a big strong tough vertical Wr with the mentality of a SS (Marshall moved to SS his Jr year to help his team). The Broncos offensive line has struggled most of the season. Losing Tom Nalen was a huge blow. Did you know? Over the past 10 years following the bye week the Steelers are 5-5 The Steelers are 2-6-1 on the Road against the Broncos in the regular season (4-6-1 overall on the road against the Broncos) The Steelers record on Sunday night Football is 10-12 Broncos with the Ball The Broncos offense under Shanahan hasn’t changed much over the years. The Broncos zone block the running game and attack defenses vertically in the passing game (Shanahan’s system unlike most west coast systems attack teams downfield). My biggest concern in the running game is the dirty cut blocking principles the Broncos offensive line utilizes…The Steelers front 7 must control there gaps and there tempers. The Steelers must force the Broncos passing game to beat them…I don’t believe Cutler has the skill to beat the Steelers without a running game. Matchups Matt Lepsis and Brett Kiesel in the Running game. This is a key matchup for both teams; The Broncos want to run left… Lepsis was a quality left tackle who has struggled to this point of the season. Lepsis blew out his knee last season…He has yet to regain his movement skills. From a physical aspect, both players are carbon copies of each other…I expect a lot of stalemates in the running game…Kiesel wont get moved… but at the same time I don’t expect a ton of penetration and plays in the back field from Kiesel against the run. Lepsis and Harrison in Pass Pro. I expect Harrison to give Lepsis fits in Pass Pro. Harrison is most likely stronger then Lepsis…Harrison drops his butt, rolls his hips underneath the left tackles pad level and finishes every rush. Lepsis doesn’t have the mobility he once had to secure the edge…I believe Harrison has the ability to beat Lepsis up his chest or to the edge. Chris Kuper in the Run game. Kuper is your typical zone blocking offensive linemen; undersized, ultra dirty with a non stop motor. He will spend most of his day helping center Chris Meyers with Hampton or Hoke (I am going to guess Hoke).The key to the success of zone blocking teams is eliminating penetration…The Steelers front seven must cause chaos in the Broncos back field. Kuper and Kiesel in Pass Pro. Kiesel should dominate this matchup. Kuper has short arms and poor balance in pass pro…He has allowed countless pressures this season. Kiesel is due for a multi sack game…This could be the game it happens. Kuper is a quality run blocker…He needs a lot of work in pass pro. Kiesel needs to finish every rush instead of standing around playing patty cake. Chris Meyers and Hoke. I believe Hoke starts for a few reasons. Hoke played very well against the Seahawks is the first reason…The second reason is just as simple…Road game at night against a zone blocking team….I believe the Steelers think they can shut down the Broncos running game and get Hampton healthy with Hoke as the starter this week. Hoke is not nearly as powerful strong or sudden as Hampton…All he does is get the job done by any means necessary. If Hampton does start and is close to 100% he will dominate any center in the NFL…Hoke won’t dominate he will just make plays…Or allow players around him to make plays. Tom Nalen was a huge loss for the Broncos. Montrae Holland in the run game. Holland is a beast in the run game. He is far and away the most impressive player on the Broncos Oline in the run game. I have some concerns if Hoke gets the start…Holland maybe able to root out Hoke in the run game with down blocks which allows Meyers to flow to the second level to pick off the play side inside linebacker. Hoke must force that double team!!!! Holland and Aaron Smith in Pass Pro. Both players are studs… tough guys…Neither will back down. I expect Rock Um Sock Um robots in this matchup…Smith is the longer more athletic man. Holland is a shade over 6-1 foot with very short arms…Holland tends to compensate for his lack of arm length by being “over” aggressive and extending to reach the pass rusher…As Tim Hardaway once said “You reach…I Teach”. When you see an offensive linemen reaching he loses 2 very important things…Power and Balance (you hear that Faneca) Erick Pears and Aaron Smith in the run game. Pears looks like a big tall dork…like the second coming of Kris Farris…He doesn’t play that way. Pears is a far better pass blocker then run blocker. I expect Aaron Smith to handle Pears in the run game…But Pears is no bum as a run blocker…As a rookie starter at LT, Pears kicked Kiesel’s *** up and down the football field last year…Smith plays every game like its his last…So I have confidence in Smith in this matchup. Pears and Haggans in Pass Pro. Pears stoned Porter last year (I don’t mean bong tokes)...Pears is a big man who understands how to use his height…Pears has light quick feet with a very good pass set. I believe the Steelers will struggle to pressure Cutler from the left edge of the defensive front. Haggans is a smart rusher…He maybe able to set up a rush and beat Pears to the edge…I just don’t see it happening. Skill position matchups If Walker plays I expect Ike to shut him down. Ike is back to his 2005 form…Confident and he still can’t catch. Brandon Marshall is a tough matchup for any NFL corner. Marshall is 6-4, 230 pounds and plays the game like Michael Irvin… he attacks every ball with reckless abandon…. Thankfully Marshall will drop some balls and run some awful routes…Marshall is one of two players on the Broncos offense that scares me…The Other is Daniel Graham…Not for the reason most of you expect…Graham is a lights out blocker…The best blocking TE in the NFL...He was signed to deal with the Shawn Merriman type of players. If Graham beats up the Steelers outside linebackers in the run game…Kiesel and Smith better dominate…All it takes is one crease and Henry can take it 60 yards. The Broncos have a stable of backs they can throw at you. Selvin Young has showed glimpses of great potential. The Broncos run a lot of west coast passing offense... They will move Cutler in the pocket…They will involve backs in the passing game…The Broncos will run some clever screens…The Broncos season is on life support…A loss to the Steelers means you can pull the plug. Steelers with the Ball The Steelers game plan is easy…Run against 7 man fronts…Pass against 8 man fronts. The Steelers want to pass the ball to get the lead then choke the life out of your defense with the run game. The offensive line better be prepared to pass block. The Steelers should be completely healthy on offense…Ward, Holmes, Miller,Parker…Pick your poison. Matchups Marvel Smith and Elvis Dumervil. Dumervil can speed rush…His first step is off the charts…Dumervil is 5-11, 255 playing out of a three point stance. The Steelers should beat the life out of Dumervil in the run game…I see no way on this green earth that the Broncos can stop the Steelers power run game to the left. I believe the Steelers roll the pocket to the right early in the game to allow Smith to “soften up” Dumervil…It may take awhile…But Smith will take his heart. The Broncos sub in Jarvis Moss and Tim Crowder …Neither have a true desire to play the run…Both will get up field and attack the Qb. Alan Faneca and Amon Gordon…Wow…I think Faneca maybe in some trouble. Gordon is the type of player that gives him fits…Gordon is an explosive 6-2, 305 powerhouse. Faneca usually eats up big fat plodders and struggles with more athletic interior players. If Faneca plays with his head over his pads this week…He will be embarrassed on national TV. Hopefully the week off allowed any lingering injuries to heal…Faneca needs to be at the top of his game this week. Sean Mahan…He will help both guards play side with a quick combo block…He will then move to the second level to seek and destroy a linebacker. Mahan is solid as a pass protector. Kendoll Simmons and Sam Adams… This should be an easy matchup for Simmons in the run game. Adams is 4 years over the hill…He is basically stealing a check at this point. My concern comes from the Broncos nickel and dime packages…The Broncos will roll in Alvin McKinley and Marcus Thomas…Both are quality interior rushers…Both could school Faneca or Simmons. Willie Colon and John Engleberger…Colon has been a major disappointment to me in Pass pro…Colon struggles to get movement in the run game. I am not satisfied with Colon’s performance to date. Engleberger is a lot like Patrick Kearney who Colon faced last week…I expect Colon to have a decent game…I actually hope Colon has a decent game. Colon needs to move his feet…When your feet stop… the block stops Skill position Matchups As I said I expect Champ Bailey to play. Bailey actually matches up a lot better with Santonio Holmes and Dre Bly with Hines Ward…I don’t believe those will be matchups so….Dre Bly is tough SOB…He could never run…Holmes should be able to run any route against him…Bly has some sticky fingers and is a threat to intercept any under thrown ball…Ben must be accurate…Bailey just doesn’t have the stones to play with Ward…Ward will out will Bailey to the ball. The Broncos nickel and dime backs are mediocre at best. John Lynch is 117 years old…He still plays the run like a linebacker…Unfortunately for the Broncos he runs like a slow linebacker at this point of his career…Nick Ferguson lost 2 steps after his latest knee injury…The Steelers should be able to exploit the Broncos 8 man fronts down the seam with Miller, Spaeth, Davenport or even Davis. Ben needs to protect the ball…Willie needs to attack the hole and the offensive line must show up…The Broncos linebackers can really run…They should be able to…Strong side linebacker Nate Webster is 230 pounds (smaller then SS Adrian Wilson) Weak side linebacker Ian Gold is 223 pounds (smaller then Broncos Wr Brandon Marshall) Dj Williams the starter at the Mike for the Broncos comes off the bus missing tackles. If the Steelers don’t give the game away on offense…I see no way the Broncos can stop them. Special Teams I will call the kicking game even…I believe the Steelers have the advantage in the return and coverage units. Score Steelers- 34 Broncos- 23 K Train 10-19-2007, 07:37 PM that run game will go no where on us....no where, i really expect it to be a pathetic effort. and your right....holmes can destroy bly AZ_Steeler 10-19-2007, 07:40 PM With Holmes and Ward back in the lineup hopefully we will start to see what this offense is capable of... they have kind of limped by so far this season and been impressive but now maybe we'll see something. As for the Broncos run defense, they are pathetic and FWP should have another 200 yard day! BlitzburghRockCity 10-19-2007, 08:10 PM Walker I believe is out for this game after having surgery again. I expect the Broncos to give 100 % too and hold nothing back. They will bring their game with whatever weapons they can muster and you can't underestimate the mile high crowd. That being said we're getting most of our guys back and Ben has more weapons than ever so I expect us to go after Denver and the TE's to play a big role in the middle of the field which is only going to help us more by softening up that defense and keeping them from stacking the line against us. Denver has good DB's that much we know but I want to see Ben go after them and keep the defense off balance. SteelerSal 10-19-2007, 09:12 PM NFL Network reported Walker will be out at least 6 weeks. BlitzburghRockCity 10-19-2007, 09:22 PM Thanks Sal, I knew I heard somewhere that he had knee surgery again but couldn't remember how long he'd be out. He was originally hoping to play this weekend from what I read earlier this week. Im anxious to see how we do coming off a bye; at times under Cowher we'd come out flat so I want to see us come out guns blazing and get up on them early to take the crowd out of it. K Train 10-19-2007, 11:16 PM last time we were in denver it was a beautiful thing steelcitysfinestXL 10-20-2007, 05:05 AM Steelers-34 DENVER-23 I dunno about that. I can see denvers d stepping up early and forcing a couple punts in the first quarter AT BEST!!! Their offense is not gonna put 23 points on us, matter of fact, i dont know if the can put up double digits on us!!!! I see a tight physical game for both teams first 2 possessions!! Thats if they dont turn it over early!!!! Then i see this one getting broke open in the late second early third!!! Steelers- 31+ Denver- 10 or less FC FURY 10-20-2007, 11:23 AM When I wrote my article(Thursday Morning) Walker was talking ****...I expected him to play. The Weather is a mess in Denver.... My guess at the score now is.... 31-9 Hampton is also expected to start. Cutler is a ****in idiot...You dont talk **** on an attacking defense BlitzburghRockCity 10-20-2007, 12:09 PM Yeah they are calling for rain and snow during this game...should be interesting. I guess Jay is thinking he's firing up his own troops with that smack talk :rolleyes: JB 67 10-20-2007, 01:10 PM Yeah they are calling for rain and snow during this game...should be interesting. I guess Jay is thinking he's firing up his own troops with that smack talk :rolleyes: What did he say? :cope: SteelersWoman 10-20-2007, 05:16 PM FC said: "I hate Sunday night games…Its just not the wait…The Steelers always seem to play flat on Sunday night". We always used to have a flat start to the whole season. Been awhile since startin 4-1 I think? New coach, new era? So hopefully playin flat on Sunday nights is an old habit that's been broken :D floodcitygirl 10-21-2007, 03:02 AM FC said: "I hate Sunday night games…Its just not the wait…The Steelers always seem to play flat on Sunday night". We always used to have a flat start to the whole season. Been awhile since startin 4-1 I think? New coach, new era? So hopefully playin flat on Sunday nights is an old habit that's been broken :D:bigthumb: I like your thinking! steelersgal86 10-21-2007, 09:40 AM With Holmes and Ward back in the lineup hopefully we will start to see what this offense is capable of... they have kind of limped by so far this season and been impressive but now maybe we'll see something. As for the Broncos run defense, they are pathetic and FWP should have another 200 yard day! | Mid | [
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Maurice Ahern Maurice Ahern (born 1938/39) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Dublin City Council for the Cabra–Glasnevin local electoral area from 1999 to 2009. He was first elected at the 1999 local elections, topping the poll. He was re-elected at the 2004 local elections. He was the Lord Mayor of Dublin in 2000, and formerly Leader of the Fianna Fáil group on the council. He was a member of the Irish Sports Council. Married to Moira Murray-Ahern, he has five sons and one daughter. His eldest son, Dylan Ahern, was found dead in his apartment on 22 November 2009. He is the elder brother of Bertie Ahern and Noel Ahern, both of whom served as Fianna Fáil TDs, Bertie Ahern having served as Taoiseach from 1997–2008. He was the Fianna Fáil candidate in the Dublin Central by-election which was held on 5 June 2009. He lost that election being beaten into 5th place. On the same day, he also lost his council seat in the 2009 local elections. References Category:1938 births Maurice Category:Fianna Fáil politicians Category:Local councillors in Dublin (city) Category:Lord Mayors of Dublin Category:Siblings of Taoisigh Category:Sport Ireland officials Category:Living people | Mid | [
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Incorporating Pets into Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Case Study. The use of animals in various healthcare settings dates as far back as the 19th century, and is still a widely practiced intervention even today. The use of animals in the acute rehabilitation setting is a common practice that benefits both the patient's therapy progression and allows the opportunity for financial reimbursement for the facility. As acute rehabilitation facilities continue to cope with ever changing rules and guidelines, the use of alternate modalities can help the facility overcome difficult challenges while focusing on the needs of the patients. The use of animal assisted therapy is illustrated with a stroke patient at an acute rehabilitation facility who benefited from implementing a pet therapy regimen when regular therapy modalities were not helping. Incorporating animal assisted therapy in acute rehabilitation settings is described to obtain greater satisfaction for patients and staff and to facilitate reimbursement for rehabilitation settings. | High | [
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import React from 'react'; export const Card = (props) => { return ( <svg width={ props.size } height={ props.size } viewBox="0 0 1240 1240" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" > <g id="Artboard" stroke="none" strokeWidth="1" fill="none" fillRule="evenodd"> <path d="M1042.5,471.5 L1042.5,427 C1042.5,402.975613 1023.02439,383.5 999,383.5 L242,383.5 C217.975613,383.5 198.5,402.975613 198.5,427 L198.5,471.5 L1042.5,471.5 Z M1042.5,560.5 L198.5,560.5 L198.5,814 C198.5,838.024387 217.975613,857.5 242,857.5 L999,857.5 C1023.02439,857.5 1042.5,838.024387 1042.5,814 L1042.5,560.5 Z M284.5,751.5 L692.147059,751.5 C707.058747,751.5 719.147059,763.588312 719.147059,778.5 C719.147059,793.411688 707.058747,805.5 692.147059,805.5 L284.5,805.5 C269.588312,805.5 257.5,793.411688 257.5,778.5 C257.5,763.588312 269.588312,751.5 284.5,751.5 Z M804.5,751.5 C819.411688,751.5 831.5,763.588312 831.5,778.5 C831.5,793.411688 819.411688,805.5 804.5,805.5 L784.470588,805.5 C769.5589,805.5 757.470588,793.411688 757.470588,778.5 C757.470588,763.588312 769.5589,751.5 784.470588,751.5 L804.5,751.5 Z" id="Combined-Shape" fill={ props.color }></path> </g> </svg> ) } export default Card; | Mid | [
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Aircraft and road traffic noise and children's cognition and health: a cross-national study. Exposure to environmental stressors can impair children's health and their cognitive development. The effects of air pollution, lead, and chemicals have been studied, but there has been less emphasis on the effects of noise. Our aim, therefore, was to assess the effect of exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise on cognitive performance and health in children. We did a cross-national, cross-sectional study in which we assessed 2844 of 3207 children aged 9-10 years who were attending 89 schools of 77 approached in the Netherlands, 27 in Spain, and 30 in the UK located in local authority areas around three major airports. We selected children by extent of exposure to external aircraft and road traffic noise at school as predicted from noise contour maps, modelling, and on-site measurements, and matched schools within countries for socioeconomic status. We measured cognitive and health outcomes with standardised tests and questionnaires administered in the classroom. We also used a questionnaire to obtain information from parents about socioeconomic status, their education, and ethnic origin. We identified linear exposure-effect associations between exposure to chronic aircraft noise and impairment of reading comprehension (p=0.0097) and recognition memory (p=0.0141), and a non-linear association with annoyance (p<0.0001) maintained after adjustment for mother's education, socioeconomic status, longstanding illness, and extent of classroom insulation against noise. Exposure to road traffic noise was linearly associated with increases in episodic memory (conceptual recall: p=0.0066; information recall: p=0.0489), but also with annoyance (p=0.0047). Neither aircraft noise nor traffic noise affected sustained attention, self-reported health, or overall mental health. Our findings indicate that a chronic environmental stressor-aircraft noise-could impair cognitive development in children, specifically reading comprehension. Schools exposed to high levels of aircraft noise are not healthy educational environments. | High | [
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Welcome to Pollapalooza, our weekly polling roundup. Poll(s) of the week The Iowa caucuses are just two days away, and FiveThirtyEight’s forecast shows a pretty wide-open race there: No candidate has more than a 36 percent chance of winning the most votes. [Our Latest Forecast: Who will win the Iowa caucuses?] There’s still time for a few more Iowa polls to drop and shake up the race, but it would be somewhat anomalous: There have not been as many Iowa surveys this cycle as in past cycles, especially in what is historically the most frequently polled time period — right before the caucuses. In fact, if we look at the final month of polling in each nomination contest since 1980 in which Iowa was contested, the 2020 Democratic race has had fewer polls than any other cycle this millennium, with the exception of 2000. This cycle’s had fewer Iowa polls leading up to the caucuses Number of surveys of Iowa conducted in the final month before contested caucuses, 1980 to 2020 Cycle Party Caucus date Number of Iowa polls in month before caucuses 2020 D Feb. 3* 11 – 2016 R Feb. 1 25 – 2016 D Feb. 1 23 – 2012 R Jan. 3 27 – 2008 D Jan. 3 23 – 2008 R Jan. 3 22 – 2004 D Jan. 19 15 – 2000 D Jan. 24 6 – 2000 R Jan. 24 6 – 1996 R Feb. 12 6 – 1992 D Feb. 10 2 – 1988 D Feb. 8 10 – 1988 R Feb. 8 7 – 1984 D Feb. 20 1 – 1980 D Jan. 21 1 – 1980 R Jan. 21 1 – *Data for 2020 through 6 p.m. on Jan. 30. Figures include tracking polls but do not include polls from pollsters banned by FiveThirtyEight. Source: Polls Back in the day, there weren’t that many pollsters who surveyed the Iowa caucuses. In the 1980 and 1984 cycles, the Des Moines Register did almost all the public polling there, and there wasn’t very much of it before the caucuses. But over time, other pollsters have started to measure voting preferences among caucusgoers. The number of surveys started to balloon in the late 2000s, when more than 20 polls were conducted of both the Democratic and Republican caucuses in the final month before the 2008 contest. This rate of polling largely remained stable through the last cycle, when between 23 and 25 polls were completed in the 31 days prior to the caucuses. This time around, however, the number of polls has dropped to 11, and will likely end up at or below the number of polls conducted during the last month of the 2004 Democratic race. Why the sudden drop-off? One possible explanation is that the impeachment of President Trump has competed for valuable polling resources (this certainly seemed to be the case in December). But beyond other stories pulling attention, polling firms are facing a whole lot of challenges these days. Response rates for polls conducted by live phone calls have continued to fall and more people are relying entirely on cell phones, which means pollsters often have to manually call cell numbers rather than use auto-dialing technology to reach landlines. Combined, these challenges make traditional polling more expensive. And while online polls are filling in some of the gaps, they’re still something of a new frontier and are also more likely to herd — a phenomenon in which pollsters produce results that mirror the results from other firms, particularly toward the end of a race — which reduces their value. Additionally, getting a good sample of likely caucusgoers isn’t easy: Caucus turnout tends to be lower than primary turnout because it’s a more time-consuming process. This means it’s even costlier to poll in Iowa because you have to dial a bunch more numbers to contact enough likely caucusgoers. Perhaps due in part to increased costs, some major pollsters — Fox News, Marist — haven’t polled Iowa once this cycle, while other outlets that used to release their own polls have joined together to sponsor them, such as CNN and the Des Moines Register. [Our Latest Forecast: Who Will Win The 2020 Democratic Primary?] In fact, it’s entirely possible that the only surveys we’ll get in the final run-up to Monday’s caucuses are the vaunted Iowa Poll, conducted by Selzer & Co. on behalf of CNN, the Des Moines Register and Mediacom, and a final survey from Emerson College. As it stands, the most recent Iowa polls we have were in the field through Tuesday, so if there have been late shifts in voter preferences in the latter half of this week and into the weekend, it may be tough to detect them in advance. Those sorts of late swings in voter choices have certainly happened before — if there’s one thing we know about Iowa, it’s more of a surprise when there isn’t a surprise or two. Other polling bites Trump approval According to FiveThirtyEight’s presidential approval tracker, 42.9 percent of Americans approve of the job Trump is doing as president, while 52.7 percent disapprove (a net approval rating of -9.8 points). At this time last week, 42.0 percent approved and 53.8 percent disapproved (for a net approval rating of -11.8 points). One month ago, Trump had an approval rating of 42.6 percent and a disapproval rating of 53.0 percent, for a net approval rating of -10.4 points. Generic ballot In our average of polls of the generic congressional ballot, Democrats currently lead by 5.7 percentage points (46.9 percent to 41.2 percent). A week ago, Democrats led Republicans by 5.5 points (46.8 percent to 41.3 percent). At this time last month, voters preferred Democrats by 6.5 points (47.4 percent to 40.9 percent). What is the difference between a primary and a caucus? | Low | [
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Investigation of the Efficacy of Transdermal Penetration Enhancers Through the Use of Human Skin and a Skin Mimic Artificial Membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of promising penetration enhancers through the use of 2 different skin test systems. Hydrogel-based transdermal formulations were developed with ibuprofen as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Transcutol and sucrose esters were used as biocompatible penetration enhancers. The permeability measurements were performed with ex vivo Franz diffusion cell methods and a newly developed Skin Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assays (PAMPA) model. Franz diffusion measurement is commonly used as a research tool in studies of diffusion through synthetic membranes in vitro or penetration through ex vivo human skin, whereas Skin PAMPA involves recently published artificial membrane-based technology for the fast prediction of skin penetration. It is a 96-well plate-based model with optimized artificial membrane structure containing free fatty acid, cholesterol, and synthetic ceramide analog compounds to mimic the stratum corneum barrier function. Transdermal preparations containing 2.64% of different sucrose esters and/or Transcutol and a constant (5%) of ibuprofen were investigated to determine the effects of these penetration enhancers. The study demonstrated the good correlation of the permeability data obtained through use of human skin membrane and the in vitro Skin PAMPA system. The Skin PAMPA artificial membrane serves as quick and relatively deep tool in the early stages of transdermal delivery systems, through which the enhancing efficacy of excipients can be screened so as to facilitate the choice of effective penetration components. | High | [
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Event Help us fund the fight.Together we will find a cure. London to Brighton Challenge Challenge event categories Over the May Bank Holiday more than 3,000 adventurers will walk, jog, or run up to 100km! Starting in Richmond and along the Thames to Kingston. A semi-urban stretch is followed by the picturesque views from the North Downs and then on through the Surrey & Sussex countryside. A final push up the South Downs, you can feel the sea air with fantastic views of the Brighton coast and the finish line ahead. The route has 4 stages of 20km-31km, with a 'Rest Stop' at the end - with food & drink, toilets, & full support teams. In between - there are 'Mid Point Stops' with snacks & drinks, toilets, and medics. The total ascent (climb) across the 100km course is estimated at 1419 metres. Once you are signed up, click below to let us know you're taking part! | Mid | [
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#publishers appeared Publishing news tagged with #publishers appeared Digiday Research: Social platforms are for brand awareness, not traffic, say publishers Publishers surveyed Digiday this May predominately see social platforms as a way to grow their brand awareness rather than generate referral traffic of revenues. Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are the three platforms respondents said best helped them achieve those goals. The post Digiday... Continue reading at 'Digiday' The Rundown: Brand licensing shows promise for few publishers BuzzFeed is one of few digital publishers to gain significant traction in brand licensing. The post The Rundown: Brand licensing shows promise for few publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' Today at London Book Fair: Friendly, Non-Intimidating Coding for Publishers Publisher Emma Barnes, the UK's leading evangelist for code-capable publishers, brings her Consonance team to London Book Fair. The post Today at London Book Fair: Friendly, Non-Intimidating Coding for Publishers appeared first on Publishing Perspectives. Continue reading at 'Publishing Perspectives' How Much Do Writers Earn? Society of Authors and ALCS Present Talking Points to Publishers Naming issues on which 'we are in almost complete alignment,' the UK's author-advocacy organization and revenue collection agency lay out talking points to the Publishers Association in an open letter. It's a new call 'to give everyone a bigger share of the pie." The post How Much Do Writers... Continue reading at 'Publishing Perspectives' Interview: NPD Book’s Kristen McLean on a New Licensing Report for Publishers New insights into the US market, previously not visible to researchers, are coming to light now as NPD Book's new Licensing Report product comes up to speed, tracking more than 4,000 licenses and more than 10,000 ISBNs weekly. The post Interview: NPD Book’s Kristen McLean on a New Licensing... Continue reading at 'Publishing Perspectives' ‘I feel optimistic about the future of news’: Google’s Richard Gingras says the company’s success depends on the health of publishers Google's vp of news says the company wants to enable the success of news publishers, but that direct payments come with pitfalls. The post ‘I feel optimistic about the future of news’: Google’s Richard Gingras says the company’s success depends on the health of publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' As BookExpo and New York Rights Fair Open: Warnings for Publishers 'Your competitors like Netflix, Amazon Prime and Audible,' publishers will hear this year at BookExpo and the rival rights fair, 'are more than willing to fill the gap.' The post As BookExpo and New York Rights Fair Open: Warnings for Publishers appeared first on Publishing Perspectives. Continue reading at 'Publishing Perspectives' Once a Side Gig, Licensing Has Become a Crucial Revenue Source for Publishers Execs from Meredith Corp., Penske Media, and Nylon on the ways brand licensing extends well beyond selling the rights to a logo. The post Once a Side Gig, Licensing Has Become a Crucial Revenue Source for Publishers appeared first on Folio:. Continue reading at 'Folio Magazine' Digiday Research conducted an online survey to see if Facebook's news feed algorithm would help or hurt publishers. The post Digiday Research poll: Facebook’s algorithm change isn’t all bad for publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' The Rundown: Tough times for publishers In this week’s Rundown: A challenging year lies ahead for online publishers, and just how big can Amazon's ad business really get? The post The Rundown: Tough times for publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' ‘He’s not a PR guy’: Adam Mosseri, Facebook’s head of news feed, has become an unlikely good guy to publishers Publishers that find themselves at the end of their rope with Facebook have found one person they don't hate: Adam Mosseri, its head of news feed. The post ‘He’s not a PR guy’: Adam Mosseri, Facebook’s head of news feed, has become an unlikely good guy to publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' ‘This change will take some time to figure out’: Here’s how Facebook is explaining its feed change to publishers Brown said that because posts from friends will be weighted most heavily, people are likely to see less content from publishers, brands and celebrities. The post ‘This change will take some time to figure out’: Here’s how Facebook is explaining its feed change to publishers appeared first on... Continue reading at 'Digiday' Publishers give Facebook credit for listening to them, but those that are looking for tangible, meaningful benefits say the initiative hasn’t delivered. The post One year in, Facebook Journalism Project gets mixed reviews from publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' Facebook is changing licensing terms for Watch shows, creating a dilemma for publishers Facebook is increasingly seeking to buy publishers' shows outright for its Watch video tab, which would limit the money publishers could make from the platform. The post Facebook is changing licensing terms for Watch shows, creating a dilemma for publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' 2018 will be the year Facebook makes nice with publishers In the year ahead, publishers might well see more tangible support for video because Facebook knows news adds value to the platform. The post 2018 will be the year Facebook makes nice with publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' Facebook's still testing mid-roll ad breaks with a limited number of publishing partners -- and, yes, the dollars are still low. The post Pivot to pennies: Facebook’s key video ad program isn’t delivering much money to publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' Facebook gives, but continues to take more from publishers Publishers have to scramble to keep up on Facebook, while the platform sends very little revenue in return. The post Facebook gives, but continues to take more from publishers appeared first on Digiday. Continue reading at 'Digiday' Ahead of Frankfurt: Michael Healy on Deepening World Copyright Hotspots for Publishers ‘Copyright has come to be seen by many outside our industry as an inhibitor to creativity,’ writes Michael Healy ahead of a special session at Frankfurt Book Fair on proliferating international challenges. By Porter Anderson, Editor-in-Chief | @Porter_Anderson With Michael Healy, Exec. Director,... Continue reading at 'Publishing Perspectives' Marketers’ “Customer Experience” Chorus is Good News for Publishers A commitment to serving readers above all else has, arguably, never been more lucrative. The post Marketers’ “Customer Experience” Chorus is Good News for Publishers appeared first on Folio:. Continue reading at 'Folio Magazine' | Mid | [
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The use of three ferguson-plot-based calculation methods to determine the molecular mass of proteins as illustrated by molecular mass assessment of rat-plasma carboxylesterases ES-1, ES-2, and ES-14. The molecular masses of three rat-plasma carboxylesterases (ES-1, ES-2, and ES-14) were estimated by transverse-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent application of Ferguson-plot-based calculation methods. Two electrophoretic buffer systems were used and the data subjected to either weighted or unweighted regression analysis. The Tris-boric acid buffer system produced significantly higher retardation coefficients than the Tris-glycine system. Molecular mass estimates were significantly higher with the Tris-glycine buffer system. Unweighted instead of weighted analysis produced significantly higher molecular mass estimates. Molecular mass estimates also depended on the calculation method, that is, the choice of calibration relationship with molecular size as a function of retardation coefficient. Three commonly used calibration relationships were compared. On the basis of their accuracy, both the weighted log[retardation coefficient] versus log[molecular mass] plot and the square root of retardation coefficient versus molecular radius were found suitable, provided that the Tris-boric acid buffer was used for electrophoresis. Using the former calibration relationship, the molecular masses of rat-plasma ES-1, ES-2, and ES-14 were 55.5, 61.1, and 65.3 kDa, respectively. | High | [
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Photodimerisation of acenaphthylene in a clay microenvironment. The photochemical dimerisation of acenaphthylene in the presence of various cation-exchanged bentonite clays has been studied. While the cis-dimer is the predominant product when smaller cations are present in the clay interlayer, the presence of heavier atoms in the clay favors the trans-dimer. Synthetic anionic hydrotalcite clays are also found to be efficient for the efficient dimerisation of acenaphthylene. | Mid | [
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Q: PhoneGap resolveLocalFileSystemURI I am trying to resolve this filesystem uri shown below: /var/mobile/Applications/9483756B-8D2A-42C5-8CF7-8D76AAA8FF2C/Shift.app/iqedata/5977e2e9239649d5a7e3b8a54719679f/06e2b8896e51472789fcc27575631f94.jpg Can any body tell me how to resolve this uri in PhoneGap and get the FileEntry by using the method showing below? window.resolveLocalFileSystemURI(Url, resOnSuccess, resOnError); I have tried to add "file://" or "//" before the uri but it doesn't work. Thanks. A: PhoneGap will not let you read files outside of the [APP HASH]/Documents or [APP HASH]/tmp folders. Unless you can find a way to initialize your app with your data in one of these folders, you will have to get your data another way. I have found the below code to work. Basically it downloads the local file into your temp folder and gives you the file entry. window.requestFileSystem(LocalFileSystem.TEMPORARY, 0, function(fs){ fs.root.getFile("temp", {create: true, exclusive: false}, function(entry){ fileTransfer.download( Url, // the filesystem uri you mentioned entry.fullPath, function(entry) { // do what you want with the entry here console.log("download complete: " + entry.fullPath); }, function(error) { console.log("error source " + error.source); console.log("error target " + error.target); console.log("error code " + error.code); }, false, null ); }, function(){ alert("file create error"); }); }, null); | Low | [
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740 P.2d 812 (1987) 87 Or.App. 45 ESTATE OF Paul GOLD, Josephine Cohen, Hannah Davis, Ethel Gold and Jack Gold, Petitioners, v. CITY OF PORTLAND, Respondent. LUBA No. 86-102, CA A44142. Court of Appeals of Oregon. Argued and Submitted June 15, 1987. Decided August 12, 1987. Reconsideration Denied October 9, 1987. Diane Spies, Portland, argued the cause for petitioners. With her on the brief was Diane Spies & Associates, P.C., Portland. Jeannette M. Launer, Portland, argued the cause for respondent. With her on the brief was Kathryn Beaumont Imperati, Chief Deputy City Attorney, Portland. *813 Before RICHARDSON, P.J., and NEWMAN and DEITS, JJ. NEWMAN, Judge. Petitioners seek review of LUBA's decision affirming the City of Portland's approval of the Tenth Amendment to its Downtown Waterfront Urban Renewal Plan.[1] The Portland Development Commission (PDC), which is the city's urban renewal agency, submitted the proposed amendment to the city council. The ordinance approving the amendment includes petitioners' property in the urban renewal area and authorizes PDC to acquire it. Petitioners make two assignments, both of which assert that, in approving the amendment, the city failed to follow quasi-judicial procedures and that LUBA erred by ruling that the city's decision was legislative rather than quasi-judicial in nature.[2] The city's decision was made pursuant to ORS Chapter 457 and, in particular, ORS 457.095: "The governing body of the municipality, upon receipt of a proposed urban renewal plan and report from the municipality's urban renewal agency and after public notice and hearing and consideration of public testimony and planning commission recommendations, if any, may approve the urban renewal plan. The approval shall be by nonemergency ordinance which shall incorporate the plan by reference. Notice of adoption of the ordinance approving the urban renewal plan, and the provisions of ORS 457.135, shall be published by the governing body of the municipality in accordance with ORS 457.115 no later than four days following the ordinance adoption. The ordinance shall include determinations and findings by the governing body that: "(1) Each urban renewal area is blighted; "(2) The rehabilitation and redevelopment is necessary to protect the public health, safety or welfare of the municipality; "(3) The urban renewal plan conforms to the comprehensive plan and economic development plan, if any, of the municipality as a whole and provides an outline for accomplishing the urban renewal projects the urban renewal plan proposes; "(4) Provision has been made to house displaced persons within their financial means in accordance with ORS 281.045 to 281.105 and, except in the relocation of elderly or handicapped individuals, without displacing on priority lists persons already waiting for existing federally subsidized housing; "(5) If acquisition of real property is provided for, that it is necessary; "(6) Adoption and carrying out of the urban renewal plan is economically sound and feasible; and "(7) The municipality shall assume and complete any activities prescribed it by the urban renewal plan." The statutes are applicable to the adoption of "substantial amendments" like the one here, as well as to the approval of plans. ORS 457.220(2). LUBA concluded that the city council's decision was legislative because, as LUBA construed ORS 457.095 and ORS Chapter 457 generally, the city council was not required to take any action on the proposed amendment. Consequently, it reasoned, "the process [was not] bound to result in a decision," and the decision was therefore not a quasi-judicial one under Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers v. Benton Co. Bd. of *814 Comm., 287 Or. 591, 602, 601 P.2d 769 (1979). We agree with LUBA and the city that the urban renewal statutes do not require that the city make a decision to approve or disapprove or take any other action on a proposed amendment. See Dennehy v. City of Portland, 87 Or. App. 33, 37, 740 P.2d 794, 795 (1987); compare Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers v. Benton Co. Bd. of Comm., supra, 287 Or. at 605-606, 601 P.2d 769. As LUBA in effect observed, the statute simply says that the governing body may approve the proposal, not that it must do anything. The question is whether the absence of a requirement that a decision be made means that the decision that was made was legislative rather than quasi-judicial. In Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers v. Benton Co. Bd. of Comm., supra, the court enumerated several considerations, of which the necessity or lack of necessity for a decision was one, that bear on whether a decision is to be characterized as legislative or quasi-judicial: "Generally, to characterize a process as an adjudication presupposes that the process is bound to result in a decision and that the decision is bound to apply preexisting criteria to concrete facts. The latter test alone proves too much; there are many laws that authorize the pursuit of one or more objectives stated in general terms without turning the choice of action into an adjudication. Thus a further consideration has been whether the action, even when the governing criteria leave much room for policy discretion, is directed at a closely circumscribed factual situation or a relatively small number of persons. The coincidence both of this factor and of preexisting criteria of judgment has led the court to conclude that some land use laws and similar laws imply quasijudicial procedures for certain local government decisions, as in Fasano v. Washington County Comm., 264 Or 574, 507 P.2d 23 (1973) and Petersen v. Klamath Falls, 279 Or 249, 566 P2d 1193 (1977). * * * "Such determinations imply no constitutional or other generalizations about such decisions being either legislative or adjudicative for all purposes. See, e.g., Western Amusement v. Springfield, 274 Or 37, 42, 545 P2d 592 (1976). The separate reasons for implying procedural safeguards modeled on adjudications must be kept in sight. One reason is to help assure that the decision is correct as to facts, another is to help assure fair attention to individuals particularly affected. When the preexisting criteria governing a factual situation are quite exact and designed to leave little room for unguided policy choice, and the decision depends on disputed facts, inferences, or predictions, quasijudicial procedures can allow those most concerned to participate in establishing the pertinent factual premises even when the decision concerns many people in a wide area. On the other hand, when the criteria applied in a decision of small compass allow wide discretionary choice, a formal hearing procedure is not designed to `judicialize' factfinding, which may not be at issue. Rather it is designed to provide the safeguards of fair and open procedures for the relatively few individuals adversely affected, in lieu of the political safeguards on which our system relies in large scale policy choices affecting many persons." 287 Or. at 602, 601 P.2d 769. We later explained in 1000 Friends of Oregon v. Wasco Co. Court, 80 Or. App. 532, 723 P.2d 1034, rev. allowed 302 Or. 299, 728 P.2d 531 (1986): "In Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers v. Benton Co. Bd. of Comm., [supra,] the court described a number of factors to consider in determining whether a county land use action is quasi-judicial. `Generally, to characterize a process as an adjudication presupposes that the process is bound to result in a decision and that the decision is bound to apply preexisting criteria to concrete facts.' 287 Or at 602 [601 P.2d 769]. Other relevant factors are the importance of assuring that the decision is factually correct and that the decision-maker gives fair attention to affected individuals. The number of people *815 affected and the size of the area covered are less important considerations. 287 Or at 603 [601 P.2d 769]." 80 Or. App. at 536, 723 P.2d 1034. (Footnote omitted.) The city acknowledges, correctly, that its decision to approve the amendment required the application of the pre-existing criteria in ORS Chapter 457 to concrete facts and was directed to a closely circumscribed factual situation: the application of the plan to the parcel of property in which petitioners are interested. The only criterion that Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers establishes for characterizing a decision as quasi-judicial which the city argues that its decision did not meet and the only criterion which LUBA considered is the "bound to result in a decision" test. The city contends, however, that the court held in Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers that "all tests for characterizing a decision as quasi-judicial must be met" and, if a decision does not fit within all of those tests, it is legislative in character. The city does not identify where in its opinion the Supreme Court so held, and we do not find a holding or a conclusion to that effect in the opinion.[3] Neither Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers, Wasco Co. Court, nor any other case that the parties cite or we have found has answered whether a decision can be characterized as quasi-judicial if it satisfies fewer than all of the Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers criteria for that characterization or, specifically, if it does not come within the "bound to result in a decision" test. In Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers, the Supreme Court concluded that the road vacation statutes required that a decision be made and that the decision also had quasi-judicial attributes under the other criteria defined in that opinion. Similarly, in Wasco Co. Court, we concluded that the procedures applicable to the county court's consideration of an incorporation petition required that it make a decision and that the decision was also a quasi-judicial one under other Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers tests. Neither case is authority that the "bound to result in a decision" test must be satisfied for a decision to be quasi-judicial in nature. Both cases hold that that test as well as others were met. They do not answer whether the decision could have been regarded as quasi-judicial if any of the tests had not been met. Contrary to the city's understanding that the question it raises was answered in Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers, the question is still one of first impression. The earlier cases, however, do provide guidance. The logic of Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers, as well as its language and our language in Wasco Co. Court, support the opposite answer from the one the city espouses. The language which we have quoted from the opinions contemplates a balancing of the various factors which militate for or against a quasi-judicial characterization and does not create the "all or nothing" test that the city ascribes to Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers. That opinion emphasized that the reasons "for implying procedural safeguards modeled on adjudications must be kept in sight." Among those reasons are, first, the assurance of correct factual decisions and, second, the assurance of "fair attention to individuals particularly affected." The first reason is directly related *816 to the criterion of "applying pre-existing criteria to concrete facts"; the second relates directly to the criterion of affecting a "closely circumscribed factual situation or relatively small number of persons." Those reasons do not disappear simply because the process does not have to result in a decision. We do not agree with the city that a governing body's decision in a case of this kind must or may be classified as legislative when it comes within all of the other relevant criteria for a quasi-judicial characterization and when a decision was in fact made. The needs for protection of the fact-finding process and of the small numbers of persons interested in the circumscribed factual situation are not lessened with respect to the decision that was made simply because the city was not required to make a decision. Under the circumstances, it is not only permissible to characterize the decision as quasi-judicial, notwithstanding that the process was not bound to result in a decision; that characterization is inescapable. Every factor for requiring quasi-judicial protection is present. The city could have decided to do nothing. However, having elected to make a decision to approve the amendment, it was required to act quasi-judicially. The question remains whether LUBA's error in characterizing the decision requires that we reverse. In response to petitioners' first assignment, LUBA concluded that the decision was a legislative one, but also that, "[w]hether or not the process may be characterized as quasi-judicial or legislative, * * * petitioners have not shown prejudice to their substantial rights" from any deficiency in the procedures that were followed. Given that conclusion, to which petitioners do not separately assign error, the procedural defects demonstrated by their first assignment would not warrant reversal. ORS 197-835(8)(a)(B). It is a closer question whether petitioners' second assignment demonstrates that LUBA's conclusion that the proceeding was legislative resulted in reversible error. Most of petitioners' specific arguments are that there was insufficient evidence to support the findings that the city made pursuant to ORS 457.095. LUBA responded to those arguments, and petitioners do not assign error to LUBA's specific responses. We understand, however, that petitioners also contend, in support of their second assignment, that the city did not make certain findings which ORS 457.095 does not require, but which might nevertheless be required in a quasi-judicial proceeding; that some of the findings the city did make are conclusory and therefore do not satisfy quasi-judicial requirements; and that the city's findings are not supported by statements of reasons and do not demonstrably support the city's conclusions. See, e.g., Sunnyside Neighborhood v. Clackamas Co. Comm., 280 Or. 3, 569 P.2d 1063 (1977). We imply no view on the merits of those arguments, which are for LUBA to consider in the first instance. Because it concluded that the decision was legislative, it did not do so in its first review. A remand is necessary. Reversed and remanded. DEITS, Judge, dissenting. The majority holds that the city's amendment of its Downtown Waterfront Urban Renewal Plan was quasi-judicial in nature and that LUBA must review the decision to determine if the city complied with applicable quasi-judicial procedures. I would hold that the city's decision was legislative in nature and, accordingly, that proper procedures were followed. I therefore dissent. The standards for determining whether the city's decision is legislative or quasi-judicial are set forth in Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers v. Benton Co. Bd. of Comm., 287 Or. 591, 601 P.2d 769 (1979). The dispute in this case concerns the application of those standards. One of the characteristics of a quasi-judicial decision identified in Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers is that the process is bound to result in a decision. The majority concludes, although that is one of a number of relevant considerations to be balanced in deciding if a decision is legislative or quasi-judicial, it is not necessary that the process be bound to result in *817 a decision in order for the process to be characterized as quasi-judicial. I disagree. I interpret Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers as establishing two basic requirements in order for a decision to be characterized as quasi-judicial: (1) The process must be bound to result in a decision; and (2) the decision must involve applying preexisting criteria to concrete facts. The opinion explains in some detail the application of the second requirement, noting that the fact that preexisting criteria exist for a decision does not necessarily require that an adjudicative process be followed and explaining further considerations in determining whether the decision requires an adjudicative process. However, nowhere in Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers or in subsequent decisions applying its standards has it been said that the first factor, that the process must be bound to result in a decision, is not required for a decision to be quasi-judicial.[1] In addition to the fact that the language of Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers requires that conclusion, the requirement is a logical one. The underlying rationale for distinguishing between legislative and quasi-judicial decisions on the basis of whether the process is bound to result in a decision is that that is the basic distinction between the activities of a court and of a legislature. A legislature is never required to make a decision. A court is always required to take some action on a case, even if that action is only to dismiss it. In the present case, it is agreed that the process was not bound to result in a decision. Therefore, I would hold that the decision was legislative.[2] This is not to say that in a case, such as this, where important individual and community interests are involved, it would be inappropriate for a local government to use procedural safeguards such as notice, prior reports and public hearings to insure the protection of these important interests in the legislative process. In this case, the city did use such procedures. Petitioners were given notice and an opportunity to be heard before both the Planning Commission and the City Council. I would affirm. NOTES [1] We reviewed the same decisions of LUBA and the city in Dennehy v. City of Portland, 87 Or. App. 33, 740 P.2d 794 (1987). [2] Petitioners' first assignment is: "It was reversible error for the Land Use Board of Appeals to determine that the action before the City Council to condemn the land-owners' property was legislative as opposed to quasi-judicial." They contend in their second assignment that: "It was error for LUBA to fail to characterize the Portland City Council proceedings as quasi-judicial and thus require the City to make adequate findings of fact and conclusions of law, supported by clear reasons when a substantial amendment under ORS [chapter] 457 is requested." [3] The language we find which comes closest to supporting the city's understanding follows the language quoted in the text and states: "The fact that a policymaking process is circumscribed by [statutory or local] procedural requirements does not alone turn it into an adjudication. We have referred above to the general characteristics of adjudication that the process, once begun, calls for reaching a decision and that the decision is confined by preexisting criteria rather than a wide discretionary choice of action or inaction." 287 Or. at 604, 601 P.2d 769. However, we do not read that to mean that all of the criteria must be met for a decision to qualify as quasi-judicial. It refers to "general characteristics," not to universal requirements. Moreover, in its context, it says no more than that a particular component of certain decisions procedural requirements imposed by "a law or a charter" is not enough in itself to make the decisions adjudicative. The language does not imply that all of the general characteristics must be present for a decision to be quasi-judicial in nature. Moreover, for the reasons that we state in the text, to read the language as so implying would make it inconsistent with the other language from Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers which we have quoted in the text. [1] In both Strawberry Hill 4 Wheelers and 1000 Friends of Oregon v. Wasco Co., 80 Or. App. 532, 723 P.2d 1034, rev. allowed 302 Or. 299, 728 P.2d 531 (1986), the courts, before concluding that the decisions were quasi-judicial, concluded that the process was bound to result in a decision. [2] The conclusion that the city's amendment of its Urban Renewal Plan was a legislative act is also supported by the provisions of ORS 457.220 that "any substantial change made in the Urban Renewal Plan shall, before being carried out, be approved in the same manner as the original plan." (Emphasis supplied.) | Mid | [
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Herkie The Herkie (aka Hurkie) is a cheerleading jump named after Lawrence Herkimer, the founder of the National Cheerleaders Association and former cheerleader at Southern Methodist University. This jump is similar to a side-hurdler and to the abstract (double hook), except instead of the bent leg's knee being pointed downward, it should be flat while the other leg is straight in a straddle jump (toetouch) position. The jump was invented accidentally, because Herkimer was not able to do an actual side-hurdler. Common misspellings include: Hurky, Herky. Jump Position In a left herkie, the jumper has the left leg straight in a half-straddle position, and the right leg bent flat beneath them. In a right herkie, it is the opposite. When used as a "signature" at the end of an organized cheer, the jumper typically bends their weaker leg. Arm Positions Herkie arm positions depend on how the legs are positioned. A left Herkie has the left arm in a straight up High V motion and the right arm on the right hip. If doing a right Herkie the arm positions are flipped. References External links About.com Category:Cheerleading | High | [
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dm-pipeworks2-night A Map for Unreal Tournament 2004 Credits: Mike "=A!M=Theory" Hillard, Len "=A!M=eByte" bradley. and whoever made the default content game content (epic, DE....) Comments: The Night Version of DM-Pipeworks][, because people wanted it! :D | Mid | [
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:: :: :: :: 1.11.2009 swan song So blue. When I snapped this shot, dear one, I had no idea that it would be your swan song. I shudder to think that last weekend in New Haven the events that would lead to your demise were already in motion. Last Friday, Eli and I drove to New Haven to visit Deenie and Levi. These friends of ours are such sweet peas. In addition to being brilliant and hilarious, they are expert, and I do mean expert hosts. Their trick, it seems, is that they manage to host without making you feel like a guest. A cup of tea? An extra blanket? The book that I've been meaning to read (that happens to be on your bookshelf)? I swear, before I had even realized just what it was I fancied -- or was about to fancy -- there it was. We felt so cared for, yet never smothered, by our hosts' constant but gentle attention. The food was no small part of our pleasure. Something you should know about Deenie: the woman can cook. Silver tip roast, vegetable tian, Israeli couscous... We ate well last weekend, we did. But what really stole the show was an unassuming little bowl of deep orange that appeared on the table Saturday afternoon. One bite, and "What. Is. THIS?" This, my friends, was Muhammara, a sweet and spicy spread that originated (according to the Washington Post) in Syria. A week later, while considering what I might bring to my friend's thirtieth birthday bash (Happy Birthday, Ms. Muffin!), I decided to try my hand at the dish. Deenie graciously sent me the recipe together with her alterations, I adapted it just a bit further (didn't want to mess too much with perfection), et voila -- Muhammara. By 7:30 last night, we were on our way, dressed in our cocktail party finest. I must pause, momentarily, to show you the delectable little number that I wore for the very first time. It's not edible, but at seventy percent off the original price, it sure is sweet: We were quite a crew, Eli in his fancy shoes, me in this steal of a dress, and the Muhammara cradled in my favorite blue bowl. Ever the gentleman, Eli brought the car around so that I wouldn't have to brave the icy sidewalk in my heels. But sadly, even Eli is not immune to the treacherous winter streets. As he made his way from the car to the sidewalk to help me into the passenger seat, poor Eli lost his footing. (Perhaps it was the fancy shoes, but I really hate to blame such lovely footwear...) Down he went, with the Muhammara in hand. So heroic is Eli that the blue bowl actually never left his hands. Still, the impact was too much, and the bowl broke into several neat pieces. The most important part of this story, of course, is that Eli was decidedly not broken, or even bruised, at all. And fortunately, I had wrapped the bowl so tightly with plastic that the Muhammara was salvageable. What can I say, blue bowl of mine? Just a few years ago you emerged between my hands from a lump of spinning clay. You held many a spread, a dip, a tapenade in your too-short life. Bravo on your farewell performance. I dedicate this recipe to you. 3 comments: I had no idea you were so proficient at ceramics! That bowl looks great. You may recall from high school that my arts and crafts skills are minimal. Perhaps you can show me a trick or two next time you're in NYC? There's a studio a block away from my apartment. Speaking of hobbies, I was a phone call away from purchasing a violin this past Saturday. I had the sudden urge to teach myself how to play. Think it can be done? Nothing fancy, just a couple of good songs (like on piano). | Mid | [
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AMRI Hospitals Saltlake JC - 16 & 17, Salt Lake City Kolkata - 700 098Tel:+91-33-6614 7700 WELCOME TO AMRI, SaltlakeSuper-speciality hospital facility The facility is fully equipped to dispense services in neurosciences, oncology, orthopaedics, trauma care, cardiology and cardiac surgery. AMRI Hospitals is the first in Eastern India to provide comprehensive cancer treatment through well qualified, reputed and experienced team of Cancer specialists, technicians and nurses. Now at AMRI Saltlake 210 beds are available to expand the facility of heath care. In 2010, there were plans to transform this department into a highly specialized, hi-tech eye unit that would cater to the people of Salt Lake as well as North Kolkata. AMRI has now come up with a hi-tech department, with the best equipment in ophthalmology and highly trained and dedicated personnel. Services provided in Neurosciences, Oncology, Orthopaedics, Trauma care, Cardiology and Cardiac surgery. | Mid | [
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Functional imaging of visuospatial processing in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to cause a variety of disturbances of higher visual functions that are closely related to the neuropathological changes. Visual association areas are more affected than primary visual cortex. Additionally, there is evidence from neuropsychological and imaging studies during rest or passive visual stimulation that the occipitotemporal pathway is less affected than the parietal pathway. Our goal was to investigate functional activation patterns during active visuospatial processing in AD patients and the impact of local cerebral atrophy on the strength of functional activation. Fourteen AD patients and fourteen age-matched controls were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they performed an angle discrimination task. Both groups revealed overlapping networks engaged in angle discrimination including the superior parietal lobule (SPL), frontal and occipitotemporal (OTC) cortical regions, primary visual cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus. The most pronounced differences between the two groups were found in the SPL (more activity in controls) and OTC (more activity in patients). The differences in functional activation between the AD patients and controls were partly explained by the differences in individual SPL atrophy. These results indicate that parietal dysfunction in mild to moderate AD is compensated by recruitment of the ventral visual pathway. We furthermore suggest that local cerebral atrophy should be considered as a covariate in functional imaging studies of neurodegenerative disorders. | High | [
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30% T/T in advance as deposit,70% balance against the B/L copy or 100% irrevocable L/C at sight Minimum Order Quantity 500kg pre size Delivery time 15-30 days after receiving L/C or deposit Loading Port Qingdao Remark Specific requirement of alloy grade,temper or specification can be discussed at your request We are also focusing on improving the stuff management and QC system so that we could keep great advantage in the fiercely-competitive business for Professional Manufacturer for aluminum strips Factory for Hungary, Competitive price with high quality and satisfying service make us earned more customers.we wish to work with you and seek common development. EtchON Scribbling Machine, applicable of scribbling name plates in Industries This is a test film I made last April to get an idea of how best to approach making an instructional video. I had a bit of a problem getting the commentary lined up correctly, no idea why, and the headset mike I used is terrible. My son, Kyle did the filming and had to do his best to get around me to try and see what I was doing. Anyway, I thought I’d do a quick, rough and ready, edit and make it available as a few people have been asking for more material on the technique. I hope this is of some use for now. You can see an image of a similar flying goose piece that was done by one of my students, here; | Mid | [
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PROGRAM PGKEX20 C C Getting a PostScript plot to fill an entire page. C C Define error file, Fortran unit number, and workstation type, C and workstation ID. C PARAMETER (IERRF=6, LUNIT=2, IWKID=1) CHARACTER*3 LAB C C Open GKS. C CALL GOPKS (IERRF,IDUM) C C Specify the output position for the next PostScript workstation to be C opened. These calls must appear before the call to open the workstation. C CALL NGSETI('LX', 50) CALL NGSETI('LY', 50) CALL NGSETI('UX',742) CALL NGSETI('UY',742) C C Open and activate a color PostScript workstation in landscape mode. C CALL GOPWK (IWKID, 2, NGPSWK('PS','LAND','COLOR')) CALL GACWK (IWKID) C C Draw three rows and four columns of square boxes. C NUM = 0 DO 10 J=1,3 Y = 0.25*REAL(J-1) DO 20 I=1,4 NUM = NUM+1 WRITE(LAB,'(I3)') NUM X = 0.25*REAL(I-1) CALL BOX(X, Y, 0.25, LAB) 20 CONTINUE 10 CONTINUE CALL FRAME C C Close things out. C CALL GDAWK(IWKID) CALL GCLWK(IWKID) CALL GCLKS C STOP END SUBROUTINE BOX(X,Y,SZ,LAB) C C Draw a square box with lower left corner at (X,Y) and size SZ x SZ C and put the label LAB in the center. C CHARACTER*3 LAB DIMENSION A(5),B(5) C C Draw box. C A(1) = X B(1) = Y A(2) = X+SZ B(2) = Y A(3) = A(2) B(3) = Y+SZ A(4) = X B(4) = B(3) A(5) = X B(5) = Y CALL GPL(5,A,B) C C Write label in box. C CALL GSCHH(0.25*SZ) CALL GSTXAL(2,3) CALL GTX(X+.5*SZ, Y+.5*SZ, LAB) C RETURN END | Mid | [
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http://newfitnesssupplements.com/andras-fiber/ Andras Fiber :- The mind boggling protein gets breakdown into infinitesimal strands utilizing an accuracy cut-laser.This aides in creating the surface and look of the genuine hair, letting it to consistently consolidate in with your 100% normal hair strands. Also, these strands are electro-statically charged, with the goal that they adhere to your current hair on the head and the surface cells of the scalp.Andras Fiber – Advanced Hair Growth Formula | Order Here | American's Fitness | Low | [
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The New York Times decided on Monday to cease the Times’ relationship with the syndication service that supplied an anti-Semitic political cartoon that ran in last Thursday’s international print edition of the newspaper. The cartoon, drawn by Portuguese artist António Moreira Antunes and originally published by the Lisbon newspaper Expresso, depicted a blind, yarmulke-wearing Donald Trump being led by a dachshund sporting the face of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and a Star of David dog collar. A Times spokesperson told The Daily Beast exclusively about the paper’s decision to stop using syndicated cartoons, especially from CartoonArts, the New York-based syndicator that has been providing the Times and other newspapers with more than 30 cartoons weekly through the Times Licensing Group for several decades. The announcement came after The Daily Beast conveyed to the Times a complaint from Jonathan Greenblatt, executive director of the Anti-Defamation League, about a second cartoon published over the weekend in the paper’s international edition. This one depicted Netanyahu dressed as the Old Testament prophet Moses, sporting sunglasses as he descends from a mountain while holding a selfie stick in one hand and, with the other, hoisting aloft a stone tablet graced by the Jewish star. “It looked like the Ten Commandments,” Greenblatt told The Daily Beast, “It might not be as blatantly anti-Semitic as the first cartoon, but it was clearly insensitive and absolutely offensive after the first piece of propaganda.” After a request for comment, Eileen Murphy, the Times’ head of communications, emailed this statement: “The cartoon that ran in the international print edition of The Times last Thursday was clearly anti-Semitic and indefensible and we apologize for its publication. While we don't think this [second] cartoon falls into that category, for now, we've decided to suspend the future publication of syndicated cartoons.” In an interview, Greenblatt called the newspaper’s apology—which was issued Sunday—“a good start but it’s insufficient,” and added: “We need action and accountability. We don’t need apologies at this point.” Greenblatt’s criticisms—which he said he’s registered personally to “the leadership of The New York Times”—come at a moment when an apparent white nationalist gunned down Passover worshipers Saturday morning at a Southern California synagogue, wounding several and killing a 60-year-old woman. “ To see the New York Times publish a piece of propaganda that clearly communicates that Jews have excessive control, or that Jews manipulate events, is unconscionable ” The ADL is preparing to issue a report on Tuesday showing an alarming increase in anti-Semitic incidents, year over year, in the United States. “The New York Times sets the tone of the public conversation,” Greenblatt said, adding that the publication of the first cartoon “is an example of the normalization of anti-Semitism that we worry so much about at ADL. And in an environment where anti-Semitism is on the rise… where people like the shooter this weekend are taking inspiration from these conspiracy theories that Jews have excessive control, that Jews manipulate events—to then see The New York Times publish a piece of propaganda that clearly communicates that Jews have excessive control, or that Jews manipulate events, is unconscionable.” Greenblatt said that in his conversations with the Times’ leaders, “I’m strongly encouraging them to do more. It’s overdue frankly. We’re going to continue to apply all that we can… There is a deep problem here, and it needs to be dealt with. Standing up to anti-Semitism isn’t something you should after the fact. It needs to happen before there’s an incident… I think the Times needs to take corrective action in advance to ensure that this never happens again.” The Times initially called publishing Thursday’s cartoon “an error of judgment” but didn’t apologize. But after a storm of criticism, the paper issued a statement saying “we are deeply sorry” and vowed: “[W]e are committed to making sure nothing like this happens again.” Greenblatt added: “They absolutely need policies and procedures… They need a clarification about how these decisions get made. And the person who would make such a decision to publish a cartoon like that, I think it’s kind of obvious that they don’t have the judgment that’s necessary to be in an institution like the Times… I think they need a thorough review and an overhaul of how those decisions get made. I don’t know, was it one person? Multiple people? I don’t think it’s very clear at this point. This wasn’t a misjudgment, it was a moral failing. It wasn’t a clerical error.” The Times initially blamed the cartoon’s publication on an unidentified editor who was “working without adequate oversight” because of a “faulty process,” according to a Times story. Times columnist Bret Stephens also weighed in, writing on Sunday: “The paper owes the Israeli prime minister an apology. It owes itself some serious reflection as to how it came to publish that cartoon—and how its publication came, to many longtime readers, as a shock but not a surprise.” Greenblatt, for his part, called on Times management to “institute sensitivity training for the staff on anti-Semitism. Clearly they need it, to make sure they cover these issues with an eye toward focusing on the facts rather than perpetuating prejudice. And thirdly, I think they owe it to their readership to educate them on the persistent poison of anti-Jewish hate.” Murphy declined to comment on Greenblatt’s recommendation to start sensitivity training sessions, or his suggestion that the editor or editors involved shouldn’t be working for the Times. | Low | [
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import React, { Component } from 'react'; import i18next from 'i18next'; import messageDispatcher from '../lib/MessageDispatcher'; class EmailParams extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); if (!props.mod) { props.mod = {parameters: {}}; } if (props.mod.parameters.host === undefined) { props.mod.parameters.host = ""; } if (props.mod.parameters.user === undefined) { props.mod.parameters.user = ""; } if (props.mod.parameters.password === undefined) { props.mod.parameters.password = ""; } if (props.mod.parameters["use-tls"] === undefined) { props.mod.parameters["use-tls"] = false; } if (props.mod.parameters["check-certificate"] === undefined) { props.mod.parameters["check-certificate"] = true; } if (!props.mod.parameters["code-length"]) { props.mod.parameters["code-length"] = 6; } if (!props.mod.parameters["code-duration"]) { props.mod.parameters["code-duration"] = 600; } if (!props.mod.parameters["port"]) { props.mod.parameters["port"] = 0; } if (props.mod.parameters.from === undefined) { props.mod.parameters.from = ""; } if (props.mod.parameters["user-lang-property"] === undefined) { props.mod.parameters["user-lang-property"] = "lang"; } if (props.mod.parameters["content-type"] === undefined) { props.mod.parameters["content-type"] = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"; } if (!props.mod.parameters["templates"]) { props.mod.parameters["templates"] = {}; props.mod.parameters["templates"][i18next.language] = {subject: props.mod.parameters.subject||"", "body-pattern": props.mod.parameters["body-pattern"]||"", defaultLang: true} } this.state = { config: props.config, mod: props.mod, role: props.role, check: props.check, hasError: false, errorList: {}, currentLang: i18next.language, newLang: "" }; if (this.state.check) { this.checkParameters(); } this.changeParam = this.changeParam.bind(this); this.toggleUseTls = this.toggleUseTls.bind(this); this.toggleCheckServerCertificate = this.toggleCheckServerCertificate.bind(this); this.checkParameters = this.checkParameters.bind(this); this.changeLang = this.changeLang.bind(this); this.toggleLangDefault = this.toggleLangDefault.bind(this); this.changeNewLang = this.changeNewLang.bind(this); this.addLang = this.addLang.bind(this); this.removeLang = this.removeLang.bind(this); } componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) { if (!nextProps.mod) { nextProps.mod = {parameters: {}}; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters.host === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters.host = ""; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters.user === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters.user = ""; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters.password === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters.password = ""; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters["use-tls"] === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters["use-tls"] = false; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters["check-certificate"] === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters["check-certificate"] = true; } if (!nextProps.mod.parameters["code-length"]) { nextProps.mod.parameters["code-length"] = 6; } if (!nextProps.mod.parameters["code-duration"]) { nextProps.mod.parameters["code-duration"] = 600; } if (!nextProps.mod.parameters["port"]) { nextProps.mod.parameters["port"] = 0; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters.from === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters.from = ""; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters["user-lang-property"] === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters["user-lang-property"] = "lang"; } if (nextProps.mod.parameters["content-type"] === undefined) { nextProps.mod.parameters["content-type"] = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"; } if (!nextProps.mod.parameters["templates"]) { nextProps.mod.parameters["templates"] = {}; nextProps.mod.parameters["templates"][i18next.language] = {subject: nextProps.mod.parameters.subject||"", "body-pattern": nextProps.mod.parameters["body-pattern"]||"", defaultLang: true} } this.setState({ config: nextProps.config, mod: nextProps.mod, role: nextProps.role, check: nextProps.check, hasError: false }, () => { if (this.state.check) { this.checkParameters(); } }); } changeParam(e, param, number) { var mod = this.state.mod; if (number) { mod.parameters[param] = parseInt(e.target.value); } else { mod.parameters[param] = e.target.value; } this.setState({mod: mod}); } toggleUseTls() { var mod = this.state.mod; mod.parameters["use-tls"] = !mod.parameters["use-tls"]; this.setState({mod: mod}); } toggleCheckServerCertificate() { var mod = this.state.mod; mod.parameters["check-certificate"] = !mod.parameters["check-certificate"]; this.setState({mod: mod}); } changeNewLang(e) { this.setState({newLang: e.target.value}); } addLang() { var mod = this.state.mod; var found = false; Object.keys(mod.parameters.templates).forEach(lang => { if (lang === this.state.newLang) { found = true; } }); if (!found && this.state.newLang) { mod.parameters.templates[this.state.newLang] = {subject: "", "body-pattern": "", defaultLang: false}; this.setState({mod: mod, newLang: "", currentLang: this.state.newLang}); } } removeLang(lang) { var mod = this.state.mod; var currentLang = false; delete(mod.parameters.templates[lang]); if (lang == this.state.currentLang) { Object.keys(mod.parameters.templates).forEach(lang => { if (!currentLang) { currentLang = lang; } }); this.setState({mod: mod, currentLang: currentLang}); } else { this.setState({mod: mod}); } } changeLang(e, lang) { this.setState({currentLang: lang}); } changeTemplate(e, param) { var mod = this.state.mod; mod.parameters.templates[this.state.currentLang][param] = e.target.value; this.setState({mod: mod}); } toggleLangDefault() { var mod = this.state.mod; Object.keys(mod.parameters.templates).forEach(objKey => { mod.parameters.templates[objKey].defaultLang = (objKey === this.state.currentLang); }); this.setState({mod: mod}); } checkParameters() { var errorList = {}, hasError = false; if (!this.state.mod.parameters["code-length"]) { hasError = true; errorList["code-length"] = i18next.t("admin.mod-email-code-length-error") } if (!this.state.mod.parameters["code-duration"]) { hasError = true; errorList["code-duration"] = i18next.t("admin.mod-email-code-duration-error") } if (!this.state.mod.parameters["host"]) { hasError = true; errorList["host"] = i18next.t("admin.mod-email-host-error") } if (!this.state.mod.parameters["from"]) { hasError = true; errorList["from"] = i18next.t("admin.mod-email-from-error") } if (!this.state.mod.parameters["content-type"]) { hasError = true; errorList["content-type"] = i18next.t("admin.mod-email-content-type-error") } if (!this.state.mod.parameters["user-lang-property"]) { hasError = true; errorList["user-lang-property"] = i18next.t("admin.mod-email-user-lang-property-error") } errorList["subject"] = ""; errorList["body-pattern"] = ""; Object.keys(this.state.mod.parameters.templates).forEach(lang => { if (!this.state.mod.parameters.templates[lang]["subject"]) { hasError = true; errorList["subject"] += i18next.t("admin.mod-email-subject-error", {lang: lang}) } if (!this.state.mod.parameters.templates[lang]["body-pattern"] || !this.state.mod.parameters.templates[lang]["body-pattern"].search("{CODE}")) { hasError = true; errorList["body-pattern"] += i18next.t("admin.mod-email-body-pattern-error", {lang: lang}) } }); if (!hasError) { this.setState({errorList: {}}, () => { messageDispatcher.sendMessage('ModEdit', {type: "modValid"}); }); } else { this.setState({errorList: errorList}); } } render() { var langList = []; langList.push( <div key={-2} className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" className="form-control" id="mod-email-new-lang" placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-new-lang-ph")} value={this.state.newLang} onChange={(e) => this.changeNewLang(e)} /> <div className="input-group-append"> <button type="button" onClick={this.addLang} className="btn btn-outline-primary">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-new-lang-add")}</button> </div> </div> </div> ); langList.push(<div key={-1} className="dropdown-divider"></div>); Object.keys(this.state.mod.parameters.templates).forEach((lang, index) => { langList.push( <div key={index*2} className="btn-group btn-group-justified"> <button type="button" className="btn btn-primary" disabled={true}>{lang}</button> <button type="button" onClick={(e) => this.removeLang(lang)} className="btn btn-primary" disabled={this.state.mod.parameters.templates[lang].defaultLang}>{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-new-lang-remove")}</button> <button type="button" onClick={(e) => this.changeLang(e, lang)} className="btn btn-primary">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-new-lang-select")}</button> </div> ); langList.push(<div key={(index*2)+1} className="dropdown-divider"></div>); }); return ( <div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-code-length">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-code-length")}</label> </div> <input type="number" min="0" max="65536" step="1" className={this.state.errorList["code-length"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-code-length" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "code-length")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["code-length"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-code-length-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["code-length"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["code-length"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-code-duration">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-code-duration")}</label> </div> <input type="number" min="0" max="65536" step="1" className={this.state.errorList["code-duration"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-code-duration" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "code-duration")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["code-duration"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-code-duration-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["code-duration"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["code-duration"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-host">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-host")}</label> </div> <input type="text" className={this.state.errorList["host"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-host" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "host")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["host"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-host-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["host"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["host"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-port">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-port")}</label> </div> <input type="number" min="0" max="65536" step="1" className={this.state.errorList["port"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-port" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "port", true)} value={this.state.mod.parameters["port"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-port-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["port"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["port"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group form-check"> <input type="checkbox" className="form-check-input" id="mod-email-use-tls" onChange={(e) => this.toggleUseTls()} checked={this.state.mod.parameters["use-tls"]||false} /> <label className="form-check-label" htmlFor="mod-email-use-tls">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-use-tls")}</label> </div> <div className="form-group form-check"> <input type="checkbox" className="form-check-input" disabled={!this.state.mod.parameters["use-tls"]} id="mod-email-check-certificate" onChange={(e) => this.toggleCheckServerCertificate()} checked={this.state.mod.parameters["check-certificate"]||false} /> <label className="form-check-label" htmlFor="mod-email-check-certificate">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-check-certificate")}</label> </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-user">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-user")}</label> </div> <input type="text" className={this.state.errorList["user"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-user" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "user")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["user"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-user-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["user"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["user"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-password">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-password")}</label> </div> <input type="password" className={this.state.errorList["password"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-password" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "password")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["password"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-password-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["password"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["password"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-from">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-from")}</label> </div> <input type="text" className={this.state.errorList["from"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-from" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "from")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["from"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-from-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["from"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["from"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-content-type">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-content-type")}</label> </div> <input type="text" className={this.state.errorList["content-type"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-content-type-from" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "content-type")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["content-type"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-content-type-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["content-type"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["content-type"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-user-lang-property">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-user-lang-property")}</label> </div> <input type="text" className={this.state.errorList["user-lang-property"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-user-lang-property" onChange={(e) => this.changeParam(e, "user-lang-property")} value={this.state.mod.parameters["user-lang-property"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-user-lang-property-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["user-lang-property"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["user-lang-property"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-lang">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-lang")}</label> </div> <div className="dropdown"> <button className="btn btn-secondary dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="mod-email-lang" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> {this.state.currentLang} </button> <div className="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="mod-email-lang"> {langList} </div> </div> </div> </div> <div className="form-group form-check"> <input type="checkbox" className="form-check-input" id="mod-email-lang-default" onChange={(e) => this.toggleLangDefault()} checked={this.state.mod.parameters.templates[this.state.currentLang].defaultLang} /> <label className="form-check-label" htmlFor="mod-email-lang-default">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-lang-default")}</label> </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <label className="input-group-text" htmlFor="mod-email-subject">{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-subject")}</label> </div> <input type="text" className={this.state.errorList["subject"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-subject" onChange={(e) => this.changeTemplate(e, "subject")} value={this.state.mod.parameters.templates[this.state.currentLang]["subject"]} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-subject-ph")} /> </div> {this.state.errorList["subject"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["subject"]}</span>:""} </div> <div className="form-group"> <div className="input-group mb-3"> <div className="input-group-prepend"> <span className="input-group-text" >{i18next.t("admin.mod-email-body-pattern")}</span> </div> <textarea className={this.state.errorList["body-pattern"]?"form-control is-invalid":"form-control"} id="mod-email-body-pattern" onChange={(e) => this.changeTemplate(e, "body-pattern")} placeholder={i18next.t("admin.mod-email-body-pattern-ph")} value={this.state.mod.parameters.templates[this.state.currentLang]["body-pattern"]}></textarea> </div> {this.state.errorList["body-pattern"]?<span className="error-input">{this.state.errorList["body-pattern"]}</span>:""} </div> </div> ); } } export default EmailParams; | Low | [
0.5233265720081131,
32.25,
29.375
] |
Q: How specify more general my .htaccess routing in php? I have the following rules in .htaccess: RewriteRule js/jquery.min.js myproject/page/js/jquery.min.js RewriteRule js/bootstrap.min.js myproject/page/js/bootstrap.min.js RewriteRule styles/bootstrap.min.css myproject/page/styles/bootstrap.min.css RewriteRule styles/bootstrap-theme.min.css myproject/page/styles/bootstrap-theme.min.css RewriteRule styles/vinoservice.css myproject/page/styles/vinoservice.css And also for images like that. And my question is how can i specify a route like: every js/.js file serving the myproject/page/js/.js and of course for the styles also? Thanks for the helps! UPDATE I tried this for them: RewriteRule ^js\/.*(.js$) vinoservice/page/js/$1 RewriteRule ^styles\/.*(.css$) vinoservice/page/styles/$1 RewriteRule ^images\/.*(.png$) vinoservice/page/images/$1 RewriteRule ^images\/.*(.jpg$) vinoservice/page/images/$1 But not working correctly...but in regex generator says its good for them...interesting...what can be a problem? :S A: You should only be concerned with the extensions if you wish to handle js/myscript.php differently, which I doubt you do. As such, use the following: RewriteRule js/([^/]+) myproject/page/$1 [L,R=301] RewriteRule styles/([^/]+) myproject/page/$1 [L,R=301] | Mid | [
0.652741514360313,
31.25,
16.625
] |
War of Saint Sabas The War of Saint Sabas (1256–1270) was a conflict between the rival Italian maritime republics of Genoa (aided by Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre, John of Arsuf, and the Knights Hospitaller) and Venice (aided by the Count of Jaffa and Ascalon and the Knights Templar), over control of Acre, in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Siege of Acre, 1257–1258 The war began when the Venetians were evicted from Tyre in 1256 and war grew out of a dispute concerning land in Acre then owned by Mar Saba but claimed by both Genoa and Venice. Initially the Genoese navy had a clear upper hand, but its early successes were abruptly reversed when the Republic of Pisa, a former ally, signed a ten-year pact of military alliance with Venice. In 1257 a Venetian admiral, Lorenzo Tiepolo, broke through Acre's harbour chain and destroyed several Genoese ships, conquered the disputed property, and destroyed Saint Sabas' fortifications; however he was unable to expel the Genoese, who were 800 men strong and armed with 50–60 ballistae, from their quarter of the city despite throwing up a blockade; there were also siege engines among the Venetians. The famed Genoese crossbowmen took part in the fighting in Acre: the life of the Count of Jaffa was only spared by a chivalrous Genoese consul who forbade his crossbowman to shoot the Count from his tower. Pisa and Venice hired men to man their galleys in Acre itself during the siege: the average rate of pay of a Pisan- or Venetian-employed sailor on one of their galleys was ten bezants a day and nine a night. The blockade lasted more than a year (perhaps twelve or fourteen months), but because the Hospitaller complex was also near the Genoese quarter, food was brought to them quite simply, even from as far away as Tyre. At that point, in August 1257, the regent of the kingdom, John of Arsuf, who had initially tried to mediate, confirmed a treaty with the city of Ancona granting it commercial rights in Acre in return for aid of fifty men-at-arms for two years. Though Ancona was an ally of Genoa and John sought by his treaty to bring the feudatories — most of whom were onside — to support Genoa against Venice, his plan ultimately backfired and John of Ibelin and John II of Beirut "manipulated the complex regency laws" in order to bring the feudatories of the Kingdom of Jerusalem into a position of support for Venice. In this they had the support of the new bailiff, Plaisance of Cyprus, Bohemond VI of Antioch, and the Knights Templar. At this juncture, Philip of Montfort, who had been providing food to the Genoese in Acre, was one of Genoa's only supporters. Philip was staying about a mile away from Acre, in a place called "the New Vineyard" (la Vigne Neuve) with "80 men on horses and 300 archer-villeins from his land" (lxxx. homes a chevau et .ccc. archers vilains de sa terre). In June, as per a plan, he marched on Acre and joined up with a band of Hospitallers while a Genoese fleet attacked the city by sea. The Genoese navy, numbering some 48 galleys and four sailing ships armed with siege engines, under Rosso della Turca was quickly overrun by the Venetians and the Genoese had to abandon their quarter and retreat with Philip to Tyre. The conflict wore down and by 1261 a fragile peace was in effect, though the Genoese were still out of Acre. Pope Urban IV, who had become understandably worried about the effect of the war in the event of a Mongol attack, a threat that passed without materialising, now organised a council to re-establish order in the kingdom following five years of fighting. Naval skirmishing, 1261–1270 The Genoese then approached Michael VIII Palaiologos, Emperor of Nicaea. After the Treaty of Nymphaeum was ratified in 1261, the emperor funded fifty ships to fight the Venetians. After this assault, in 1264, the Venetians returned to Tyre to conquer it, but backed out when Tyre received reinforcements. During the continuous skirmishing of the 1260s, both sides employed Muslim soldiers, mostly Turcopoles, against their Christian foes. In 1266, the Genoese had made an alliance with Baibars, who was to outfit some troops for an expedition against Acre, but the Genoese' promised fleet never got underway. On 16 August 1267, Genoa managed to capture the Tower of Flies and blockade the harbour of Acre for twelve days before being evicted by a Venetian flotilla. The ongoing warfare between Genoa and Venice had a major negative impact on the Kingdom's ability to withstand external threats to its existence. Save for the religious buildings, most of the fortified and defended edifices in Acre had been destroyed at one point or other (and Acre looked as if it had been ravaged by a Muslim army) and according to the Rothelin continuation of William of Tyre's History, 20,000 men in total had lost their lives, a frightful number considering the Crusader states were chronically short on soldiery. The War of Saint Sabas was settled in 1270 with the Peace of Cremona, ending the hostilities between the Venetians and the Genoese. In 1288, Genoa finally received their quarter in Acre back. Further reading Racine, Pierre. Les villes d'Italie, mi XII° siècle – XIV° siècle. SEDES, 2004. Notes References Category:Wars involving the Knights Hospitaller Category:Wars involving the Knights Templar Category:1250s conflicts Category:1260s conflicts Category:13th century in the Republic of Genoa Category:13th century in the Republic of Venice Category:1250s in Asia Category:1260s in Europe | Mid | [
0.584946236559139,
34,
24.125
] |
In Pursuit of Wild & Rugged! Main menu Post navigation Los Trancos Trail The section of trail along Los Trancos Creek is definitely a highlight, but the 7.5 mile loop also offers meadows filled with wildflowers, enchanting hardwood forest, and beautiful vistas of Portola Valley, Palo Alto, and the Bay. Here are some more photos: Steep Hollow Trail for Dipsea-like steps Wildflowers still in bloom Enchanted forest Pink Wildflower Butterfly More photos of views, wildflowers, and a snake after the jump and be sure to check out the Los Trancos Creek post! | Mid | [
0.6515837104072391,
36,
19.25
] |
Bioremediation of Cd by microbially induced calcite precipitation. Contamination by Cd is a significant environmental problem. Therefore, we examined Cd removal from an environmental perspective. Ureolysis-driven calcium carbonate precipitation has been proposed for use in geotechnical engineering for soil remediation applications. In this study, 55 calcite-forming bacterial strains were newly isolated from various environments. Biomineralization of Cd by calcite-forming bacteria was investigated in laboratory-scale experiments. A simple method was developed to determine the effectiveness of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP). Using this method, we determined the effectiveness of biomineralization for retarding the flow of crystal violet through a 25-mL column. When the selected bacteria were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, high removal rates (99.95%) of Cd were observed following incubation for 48 h. Samples of solids that formed in the reaction vessels were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The CdCO3 compounds primarily showed a spherical shape. The results of this study demonstrate that MICP-based sequestration of soluble heavy metals via coprecipitation with calcite may be useful for toxic heavy metal bioremediation. | Mid | [
0.653793103448275,
29.625,
15.6875
] |
Musings about games, religion, politics, and other forms of entertainment. Saturday, December 23, 2006 Letters from high school Every year since my senior year in high school (about 14 years) my father has spent a day with the Humanities classes at Los Alamos High School. During the course of the year they bring in representatives from a variety of religious perspectives -- fundamentalist Christian, orthodox Jew, Unitarian, etc. My dad is their token atheist speaker. The students are required to send letters to him expressing their thoughts about the talk, and he forwarded these letters to me. They are handwritten, so it would be a lot of work to copy them all, but here are a few choice comments. "Everything you said made complete sense to me. I really liked how you asked us to challenge you. It seemed like you really wanted to know what we thought. You answered all our questions in depth and really thought about them. Thanks so much for all the information you gave us. It was fascinating!" "It is a common misconception that atheists are immoral people. We are glad that you could show our class that. We liked how you explained that morality can come from human nature not just the supposed word of God." "Even though I am a Christian, I was glad that you accepted everyone's beliefs and you explained your view on sensitive subjects like abortion and homosexuality. Overall I believe that your presentation, though not as flashy as the others, was the best one our Humanities classes had visit them." "Our class seemed to greatly enjoy your presentation as many other speakers had Q&A but yours by far had the least empty space." "Dear Dr. Glasser,You have changed my life for the best. I will always look at religion and life in different ways." | Mid | [
0.6153846153846151,
36,
22.5
] |
Different effects of polylysine and polyarginine on the transition to a condensed state of DNA in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution. Circular dichroism spectroscopy has been used to investigate the influence of polylysine and polyarginine on the transition to a condensed state of DNA brought about by high concentrations of polyethyleneglycol and salt. From the dependence on DNA concentration of the CD signals, the anomalous CD of free DNA in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution was attributed to the intermolecular association of DNA molecules. The CD spectral changes in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution of the DNA - polylysine complex were indistinguishable from those of free DNA while the DNA-polyarginine complex suffered much smaller spectral changes as compared with free DNA, at low DNA concentrations where time-independent CD spectra were observed in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution for both the complexed and free DNA. The repression of the spectral change by the latter complex was more remarkable at higher ratios of polyarginine to DNA. The facts indicate that, whereas polylysine binding has little influence on the intermolecular structural transition of double-stranded DNA into a compact molecular configuration in polyethyleneglycol/salt solution, polyarginine binding has an effect of inhibiting the transition. | Mid | [
0.654155495978552,
30.5,
16.125
] |
Q: fetch attibute value of worldnow in rss I have received feed from url and I am regenerating the feed after making some changes in it So How to fetch value of "wn:size" attribute in php. Structure of feed are in following format: <rss xmlns:a10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0"> <channel xmlns:wn="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" xmlns:dc="http://api.worldnow.com/cms" xmlns:media="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <item> <media:thumbnail wn:size="custom" url="image url" /> </item> </channel> </rss> A: If you want to get wn:size value then you need to parse your rss feed response as XML using simplexml_load_string function. $xml = simplexml_load_string('your rss feed'); foreach($xml->channel->item as $item) { $media = $item->children('media', 'http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/'); echo $media->thumbnail->attributes('wn',true)->size; } | High | [
0.670050761421319,
33,
16.25
] |
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT No. 01-60520 In the Matter of: DAVID WADE and JEANETTE WADE. Debtors, __________________ DAVID WADE and JEANETTE WADE, Appellees, versus CHASE MANHATTAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION, Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (USDC No. 3:00-CV-73) _______________________________________________________ August 2, 2002 Before REAVLEY, SMITH and DENNIS, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* This appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction. * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the Court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4. There has been no certification to warrant interlocutory appeal. The district court referred to the bankruptcy court’s order as interlocutory, as does Chase’s notice of appeal; but Chase contends in this court that the judgment is final under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d). That is untenable. Chase’s defense to the Wades’ suit, that their claims were property of the former bankruptcy estate, has been rejected. Nothing more. The merits of the Wade claims have not been addressed. That remains in the district court, and apparently still as an adversary proceeding in the bankruptcy court. This is comparable to the case of In re Greene County Hospital, 835 F.2d 589 (5th Cir. 1988), where we dismissed an appeal from a bankruptcy court’s order on its jurisdiction. Appeal dismissed. 2 JERRY E. SMITH, Circuit Judge, dissenting: The majority concludes that because the parties have more litigation ahead of them, the district court’s order is not final and not appealable. While this may be correct under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, that is not the statute before us. Bankruptcy appeals are governed by 28 U.S.C. § 158, In re Moody, 817 F.2d 365, 366 (5th Cir. 1987), which employs a “more flexible notions of finality.” In re Greene County Hosp., 835 F.2d 589, 593 (5th Cir. 1988).1 The majority overlooks our § 158 caselaw and thereby reaches a wrong result. I would conclude that we have jurisdiction and would decide that some of the claims belong to the Wades and some to Chase Mortgage. Accordingly, I respectfully dissent. I. “To be appealable, an order must be final with respect to a single jurisdictional unit . . . . For the purposes of § 1291, the single jurisdictional unit is the case as a whole.” Id. at 593-94. For purposes of § 158, by contrast, the bankruptcy order need only “resolve a discrete unit in the 1 Accord In re Bartee, 212 F.3d 277, 282 (5th Cir. 2000); In re Orr, 180 F.3d 656, 659 (5th Cir. 1999). larger case.” Id. at 595. We have held that a “bankruptcy court’s recognition of a creditor’s security interest is a final order [because s]uch an order conclusively establishes a claim against the estate.” Id. (citing In re Lift & Equip. Serv., Inc., 816 F.2d 1013 (5th Cir. 1987)). “Similarly, a turnover order, ordering an individual to turn over an antique coin, is final, settling authoritatively the inclusion of a piece of property in the estate.” Id. (citing In re Moody, 817 F.2d 365 (5th Cir. 1987)). The relevant question is whether the order “conclusively determine[s] substantive rights.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). The district court characterized the bankruptcy court’s order as interlocutory.2 If the bankruptcy order was interloc- utory, then the district court’s affirmance of it was, as well, and we have no jurisdiction. See Wood & Locker, 868 F.2d at 142 (“[A] district court’s decision on appeal from a bankruptcy court’s interlocutory order is not a final order for purposes of further appellate review unless the district court order in some sense ‘cures’ the nonfinality of the bankruptcy court order.”). But, we cannot defer to the district court’s 2 The district courts, unlike the courts of appeals, may take jurisdiction of interlocutory appeals from the bankruptcy court. 28 U.S.C. § 158(a). 4 assessment on this issue. Moody, 817 F.2d at 366-67; Bartee, 212 F.3d at 283. Instead, we must judge the finality of the bankruptcy court order for ourselves. Moody, 817 F.2d at 366- 67. Almost all the confusion over our jurisdiction arises from the unusual procedural posture of this case. Once we step back and understand the effects of the bankruptcy court’s ruling, it becomes apparent that it is a final order. The Wades’ bankruptcy proceeding had already closed; Chase Mortgage moved to reopen it, arguing that because the state law claims belonged to the estate, the case was one “arising under” or “related to” bankruptcy law. 28 U.S.C. § 157(a). The case was referred to the bankruptcy court to decide one questionSSwhether the state law claims belong to the Wades or the estate. Once the bankruptcy court (and the district court on appeal) concluded that the claims belong to the Wades, they re-closed the Wades’ bankruptcy case. All proceedings before the bankruptcy court are now over, and the Wades’ bankruptcy case is again closed. There are no remaining factual disputes for the bankruptcy court to resolve. See In re Aegis Specialty Mktg. Inc., 68 F.3d 919, 921 (5th Cir. 1995). The district court’s decision “ends the litigation 5 on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment.” Orr, 180 F.3d at 659. So, the decision easily passes § 158's flexible definition of finality. Id. The fact that there may be additional litigation in Mis- sissippi’s state courts or in federal district court does not affect our analysis. See In re Adams, 809 F.2d 1187, 1188-89 (5th Cir. 1987). That litigation will cover Mississippi tort law. The bankruptcy litigation and all appeals under § 158 are now over. Chase Mortgage will not have a second opportunity to appeal under § 158. We confronted a similar situation in Adams. The case began as a state court suit. Id. at 1188. When the defendant declared chapter 13 bankruptcy, he removed the state claims to bankruptcy court. Id. The plaintiffs, apparently misconstru- ing the scope of their bankruptcy remedies, voluntarily dismissed the state suit. Later, they realized their error and had the bankruptcy court reinstate the state court suit. Id. The district court affirmed the bankruptcy court’s order of reinstatement, dismissed the appeal, and remanded to state court. Id. We held that the bankruptcy court order reinstat- ing the lawsuit and the district court order dismissing the 6 appeal were final, reviewable orders under § 158(d).3 Id. at 1189. In Adams, as in this case, the parties had yet to litigate their state law claims, but because the court’s order resolved all bankruptcy issues between the parties, we deemed it reviewable. In re Greene County Hospital does not alter this analysis. We stated that “denial of a motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is not a final order” under § 158(d). Greene, 835 F.2d at 596. Superficially, this language sounds relevant to the Wades’ caseSSthe bankruptcy court in the Wades’ case also refused to dismiss their claims for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. But the similarity ends there. In Greene, a creditor moved to dismiss a hospital’s bankruptcy petition on the ground the hospital was not eligible to file for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy court ruled that the hospital could file under chapter 9, and the district court affirmed. Id. We ruled that a bankruptcy court’s finding that it has subject matter jurisdiction over a bankruptcy petition is not an appealable, final order under § 158. Greene, 835 F.2d at 590. 3 We noted that 28 U.S.C. § 1452 precluded us from reviewing the district court’s remand order. Adams, 809 F.2d at 1189. 7 In the Wades’ case, however, the bankruptcy court did not rule that it had subject matter jurisdiction to decide the Wades’ state tort claims. The appeal before us does not involve the bankruptcy court’s subject matter jurisdiction at all. The bankruptcy court ruled that certain property (the state tort claims) belongs to the Wades, not the estate. Accordingly, the decision is one over whether property is included in the estate, one we deem final under § 158. Cf. Moody, 817 F.2d at 368 (bankruptcy court’s turnover order final); In re England, 975 F.2d 1168, 1172 (5th Cir. 1992) (“An order which grants or denies an exemption will be deemed a final order for the purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 158(d).”). The district and bankruptcy courts’ references to the Wades’ standing to litigate4 do not change our analysis. In this case, stating the Wades have standing to assert the claims is just another way of stating the claims belong to them, not to the estate. The instant case is fundamentally different from Greene. The district court in Greene remanded to the bankruptcy court so it could begin administering the petition. “[T]he entire 4 The district court order, for example, concluded “that the lawsuit in question belongs to the [Wades], and not the estate, and that the [Wades] have standing to pursue the lawsuit.” 8 bankruptcy proceeding remain[ed] before the parties.” Greene, 835 F.2d at 590. Here, by contrast, there is no remand to the bankruptcy court for further proceedings or factfindings; the bankruptcy case is closed, and there will be no more § 158 appeals. Accordingly, the decision was final under § 158(d), and the majority errs in refusing to address Chase Mortgage’s appeal. II. In reviewing an appeal from a bankruptcy court, we apply the same standard as did the district court. In re Pro-Snax Distribs., Inc., 157 F.3d 414, 419-20 (5th Cir. 1998). Whether a cause of action belongs to the debtor individually or is property of the bankruptcy estate is a pure question of law we review de novo. In re Swift, 129 F.3d 792, 795 (5th Cir. 1997). The best way to begin the discussion is to understand what this case is not about. Chase Mortgage argues that the Wades’ state law claims are “really” claims that Chase Mortgage violated the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. § 362(h)5; viola- 5 “An individual injured by any willful violation of a stay provided by this section shall recover actual damages, including costs and attorneys’ fees, and, in appropriate circumstances, may recover punitive damages.” 11 U.S.C. § 362(h). 9 tions of the automatic stay are always property of the estate; therefore, the Wades’ claims are property of the estate. But the Wades have raised only state law claims and repeatedly have confirmed that they do not seek damages for violations of the automatic stay. Chase Mortgage’s brief never asserts that § 362(h) preempts overlapping state law causes of action, and at oral argument Chase Mortgage explicitly repudiated any preemption claim. This court has no authority to rewrite the Wades’ state law claims as § 362(h) claims for violations of the automatic stay, and Chase Mortgage’s arguments on this point miss the mark. The Wades devote much of their brief to arguing that because their legal claims accrued after they filed their bankruptcy petition, 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1)’s rule that the estate includes “all legal or equitable interests of the debtor in property as of the commencement of the case” does not apply to their claims. But Chase Mortgage never raises this issue; to the contrary, their brief concedes this point. Chase is left with one remaining argument, that under 11 U.S.C. § 541- (a)(7), the claims belong to the estate. 10 If Chase Mortgage is correct, and the causes of action belong to the estate, the trustee has exclusive standing to assert them, and the Wades’ claims should be dismissed for lack of standing. See In re Educators Group Health Trust, 25 F.3d 1281, 1284 (5th Cir. 1994). The fact that the bankruptcy case already may have closed when a claim accrued or was first asserted does not affect the analysis. “Any property not abandoned by the trustee under [11 U.S.C. § 554(a) or (b)] remains part of the estate even after closure of the bankruptcy case.” Correll v. Equifax Check Servs., Inc., 234 B.R. 8, 10 (D. Conn. 1997) (citing In re Drexel Burnham Lambert Group, Inc., 160 B.R. 508, 514 (S.D.N.Y. 1993)); 11 U.S.C. § 554(d). When the Wades’ filed their chapter 7 petition on July 31, 1997, an estate was created under 11 U.S.C. § 541, which defines “property of the estate”: It lists seven categories; all property claimed by the estate must fit into one of them. Subsection 541(b) then lists exceptions to these seven categories. Section 541(a)(7) defines property of the estate to include “[a]ny interest in property that the estate acquires after commencement of the case.” 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(7). “[F]or example, if the estate enters into a contract, after the 11 commencement of the case, such a contract would be property of the estate.” H.R. REP. NO. 103-835, reprinted in 1994 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3340 (legislative statements). “Property” under § 541(a)(7) “includ[es] causes of action sounding in tort.” In re Doemling, 127 B.R. 954, 955 (W.D. Pa. 1991).6 Section 541(a)(7) was not added until 1994, and our circuit has yet to define its scope. Other courts interpreting § 541(a)(7) have split into two camps. One reading holds that all property the debtor obtains before the bankruptcy case closesSSwhether he obtains it pre- or post-petitionSSis property of the estate unless a provision of § 541(b) specifically excludes it from the estate. See, e.g., Correll, 234 B.R. at 10-11; In re Acton Foodservices Corp., 39 B.R. 70, 72 (D. Mass. 1984); Bostonian v. Liberty Sav. Bank, 61 Cal. Rptr. 2d 68, 73 (Cal. Ct. App. 1997).7 But, this reading contradicts the language and structure of § 541(a). If all debtor property belongs to the estate unless excluded by § 541(b), then § 541(a)(1)’s distinction between pre- and post-petition assets (that only the debtor’s 6 Accord In re O’Dowd, 233 F.3d 197 (3d Cir. 2000); Correll, 234 B.R. at 10-11; In re Tomaiolo, 205 B.R. 10 (D. Mass. 1997); In re Griseuk, 165 B.R. 956, 958 (M.D. Fla. 1994); Bostonian v. Liberty Sav. Bank, 61 Cal. Rptr. 2d 68, 73 (Cal. Ct. App. 1997). 7 In re Griseuk, 165 B.R. at 958, also applied this framework but grounded its holding in the fact that the debtors filed under chapter 11. 12 interests “at the commencement of the case” belong to the estate) is meaningless. In re Doemling sets forth the better reading: Section 541(a)(1) specifically limits the property of the estate to the debtor's property interest as they exist when the case is commenced. Section 541(a)(7) does not in any way undermine the goal of establishing a critical time at which to determine which of debtor’s property becomes part of the estate. Instead, it focuses on property interests acquired by the estate after the commencement of the case. Obviously, after the commencement of the case, the estate has an existence that is completely sep- arate from that of the debtor. Section 541(a)(7) covers only property that the estate itself acquires after the commencement of the proceeding. Hence, there is absolutely no support for the . . . claim that all the debtor’s property, whether obtained pre- or post-petition, is property of the estate unless specifically excluded. Id. at 956; see also In re O’Dowd, 233 F.3d 197, 203-04 (3d Cir. 2000); In re Tomaliolo, 205 B.R. 10, 16 (D. Mass. 1997); In re Osborn, 83 F.3d 433, 1996 WL 196695, at *5 (10th Cir. Apr. 24, 1996) (unpublished) (table). According to the Doemling view, § 541(a)(7) merely preserves the distinction between the debtor and the chapter 7 estate. The debtor and the estate are completely separate entities; all property the debtor acquires belongs to the debtor, and all property the estate acquires belongs to the estate. 13 As Doemling illustrates, the Correll/Acton/Bostonian reading often would lead to absurd results. In Doemling, five months after she filed for chapter 7 bankruptcy, Doemling was hit by a drunk driver. The court held that her personal injury suit from this accident belonged to the Doemlings: The Doemlings acquired whatever property interest they have in that cause of action in their personal capacities. The estate did not acquire this cause of action independent of the Doemlings. Any recovery in this cause of action would be to compensate the Doem- lings for injuries to their persons. It would not compensate for any injury to the estate itself. Thus, section 541(a)(7) is inapplicable because . . . it is limited to property acquired post-petition by the estate as opposed to property acquired by the debtors. Doemling, 127 B.R. at 956. Doemling’s suit was wholly unrelated to the estate property or any “property that the estate acquires after commencement of the case,” 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(7). Yet, under the rule of Correll, Acton, and Bostonian, it would belong to the estate, because no section of § 541(b) specifically excludes it.8 8 Griseuk, 165 B.R. at 958, held that a debtor’s personal injury claim was property of the estate, so the debtor had no standing to bring it. Griseuk, however, was a chapter 11 case, and the court left open the possibility it would reach a different result in a chapter seven suit, explaining that “[i]n contrast to the establishment of two separate estates at the time of an individual debtor filing a Chapter 7 case, only one estate is established at the filing of a typical Chapter 11 case.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). 14 The Third Circuit applied Doemling’s framework in holding that a debtor’s legal malpractice claim against her former bankruptcy lawyer belonged to the estate. The court explained that the inquiry often depends on whether the estate or the debtor suffers the harm. Accordingly, only in the post-petition situation where the debtor is personally injured by the alleged malpractice, while the estate is concomitantly not affected, is it appropriate to assign the malpractice to the debtor. . . . Here, any alleged malpractice resulting from the omission of claims in the Sevak Action would affect only the estate, not [the debt- or], because it would have reduced the value of the Sevak Action, which was property of the estate. O’Dowd, 233 F.3d at 204. A court in the District of Massachusetts similarly ruled that a debtor’s legal malpractice suit alleging the bankruptcy attorney wrongly converted the case from chapter 11 to chapter 7, belonged to the estate: If the [attorney’s] services were deficient with respect to the conversion to chapter 7, the estate’s rights were abridged. Liquidation under chapter 7 typically produces less for creditors than does a confirmed chapter 11 plan. To the extent the Debtor incurred a resulting loss, so did the creditors, who are the estate’s prime beneficiaries. Any loss to the Debtor was derivative of the estate’s loss. It follows that this claim was acquired by the estate under section 541(a)(7). 15 Tomaiolo, 205 B.R. at 16.9 In an unpublished opinion, the Tenth Circuit also relied on Doemling to decide whether a set of legal malpractice claims belonged to the debtors or the estate. Osborn, 1996 WL 196695, at *5. The debtors alleged that their attorney failed to claim their home as an exempted homestead and advised them to enter an in personam judgment that rendered $225,000 of their debts nondischargeable. Id. In holding that the claims against the attorney were property of the debtors, the court explained: [The attorney’s] negligence caused a $225,000 judgment to be entered against the [debtors] personally. His negligence did not harm the estate. The legal malpractice action seeks to recover for injury to the [debtors] personally, not for injury to the estate, and therefore is more appropriately considered property of the [debtors] than of the estate. Id. I too would adopt the rule of Doemling: When a cause of action arises after the commencement of the bankruptcy estate, we ask whether the claims seek recovery for harm to the estate or to the debtors in their individual capacities. If the harm befalls estate property, the claim is property of the estate; if the harm befalls the debtor’s person or personal property, 9 But see Acton, 39 B.R. at 72. 16 the claim is property of the debtors. Applying this framework to the Wades, I would conclude that some of their claims belong to the estate and some to the Wades. The Wades’ claim that in March 1998, Chase Mortgage and Chase Bank entered into a conspiracy to transfer funds held for the Mississippi mortgage to pay for insurance on the Indiana property, belongs to the estate. Once the Wades filed on July 31, 1997, they assumed “an identity independent of the bankruptcy estate.” Doemling, 127 B.R. at 955. This claim affects the value of the mortgages, both of which became property of the estate under § 541(a)(1); it does not affect the value of the Wades’ personal property. Even though the Wades allege that this mismanagement harmed them, any loss to them is derivative of loss to the estate. Tomaiolo, 205 B.R. at 16. The Wades also claim that Chase Mortgage wrongly charged them for attorney’s fees. This would be a personal debt, see In re Brannan, 40 B.R. 20, 23-24 (N.D. Ga. 1984), not an estate debt. Because this debt must be paid from the Wades’ personal property, not from estate property, the claim belongs to the Wades. If they are suing for personal hardships caused by Chase Mortgage’s harassment (e.g., personal time spent 17 answering these harassing letters), these claims also belong to them. Like the car accident in Doemling, any harassment that occurred after the Wades filed their chapter 7 petition affected them in their personal capacity. It did not reduce the value of any estate asset. Finally, any claim the Wades bring to recover their lump sum payment of $3,032.68, belongs to them. The alleged contract is confusingSSit involves mortgages that had already been assigned to the estateSSand some of the Wades’ claims concerning it may be moot.10 But the merits of the Wades’ state law claims are not before us, only the question of who owns them. Because the Wades entered this contract after they filed for bankruptcy, the contract rights and debts they incurred belong to them. See id. Accordingly, any suit to recover these personal rights and debts belong to them as well. For these reasons, I would affirm the district court with regard to the claims of collusion and breach of fiduciary duties by Chase Mortgage and Chase Bank, and reverse with re- gard to the remaining claims. Unfortunately, the majority fails to address these claims. I respectfully dissent. 10 The Wades initially listed their Mississippi mortgage for reaffirmation, but the bankruptcy court granted discharge before the reaffirmation was administered. Thus, Wades’ claim that Chase Mortgage failed to send a letter reaffirming the debt is likely moot. 18 19 | Low | [
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Jonathan Beaulieu Jonathan Beaulieu (born 11 March 1993) is a French professional footballer who plays for French club FC Chambly. Career Born in Meudon, France, Jonathan started his professional career with Stade Malherbe Caen. On 27 August 2013 he made his professional debut coming as a substitute in a 0–3 home loss against AJ Auxerre for the Coupe de la Ligue championship. References External links Profile Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:Association football midfielders Category:French footballers Category:Stade Malherbe Caen players Category:FC Chambly players Category:France youth international footballers Category:Ligue 1 players Category:Ligue 2 players Category:Championnat National players | Low | [
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The work of Kosaka *et al*.[@b1] suggested that hemolysate of erythrocyte membrane has endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) catalytic activity[@b1]. The study of Cortese-Krott *et al*.[@b2] demonstrated that the red blood cells (RBCs) possess eNOS and produce nitric oxide (NO)[@b2]. The work of Kleinbongard *et al*.[@b3] confirmed that RBC carry eNOS enzyme to generate NO production, and that eNOS localizes in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of the RBC[@b3]. It is evident that shear stress can regulate NO production by RBC[@b4][@b5]. In addition, the modulation of NO levels due to activation or inhibition of RBC-eNOS can regulate deformability of RBC membranes[@b6][@b7]. However, the effects of routine physical perturbations on RBCs in motion have not been examined. This is of particular relevance, since RBCs have structural flexibility in order to fit themselves into both aorta and capillary loops as they traverse through the varied and versatile architecture of the vasculature. In the presence of such complex physical perturbations, RBC membranes can be altered transiently or for longer periods due to presence of a "shape memory"[@b8]. Also, localized strain at a given position on the biconcave RBC surface and resilience within the RBC membrane, may result in uneven physical perturbations which may transiently activate NO production[@b9]. RBCs also collide with each other and other cell types during their sojourn through blood vessels[@b10]. Therefore, our proposition is that colliding RBCs are always under "Off and On" mode of NO production in a given laminar flow condition. This occurs because the deformability of the RBC membrane alters as it undergoes transient changes in shape during each collision. In this context, we hypothesized that a tightly controlled mechano-transduction pathway regulates NO production in RBC. Hemo-rheological disturbances in the patho-physiological microenvironment are associated with aggregation and local accumulation of RBC in microvascular lumina, thus entailing disorders of blood flow. Abnormal blood flow and apparently static milieu of aggregated RBC in hematoma could potentially result in loss of a critical NO pool. Therefore, our primary experimental model involved measurement of NO production by static and mechanically perturbed human RBCs in suspension. After standardizing a reproducible mode of mechanical agitation for suspended RBCs, we measured relative and absolute levels of RBC derived nitric oxide (NO) by fluorimetric and ultrasensitive electrochemical methods, respectively. Since suspended RBCs were used, the upstream mechanism of NO production and RBC-eNOS signalling were investigated in detail. Importantly, we demonstrate that NO produced by suspended, mechanically perturbed, RBCs regulated important functions of endothelium. We also examined the possibilities of translating this knowledge into applications such as an improved strategy for blood storage. Results ======= Mechanical perturbation promotes RBC-eNOS activity -------------------------------------------------- [Figure 1a](#f1){ref-type="fig"} shows a 3-fold increase in NO production in RBC subjected to vortex (200--800 rpm), followed by significantly decreased NO production at higher speed (1000--1200 rpm). Perturbation caused by centrifugation 4,500 rpm ([Fig. 1b](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), rocker 80 rpm ([Fig. 1c](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), and shaker 200 rpm ([Fig. 1d](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) also caused significant increase in NO production versus control RBCs (0 rpm, static). Maximum NO production was observed in RBCs vortexed at 800 rpm for 20 seconds. Two assays were performed to determine if vortex conditions damaged RBC membranes. The first assay measured plasma free haemoglobin as a marker for RBC membrane integrity and morphology[@b11]. The second assay monitored levels of total ROS and peroxynitrite as markers of oxidative stress in vortexed RBCs with specific cell-permeant fluorescent probes[@b12]. We observed that vortex conditions did not significantly alter levels of free haemoglobin ([Supplementary Fig. 1a](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}); peroxynitrite or total ROS ([Supplementary Fig. 1b](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Hence, the above data clearly show that mechanical perturbation of RBC membranes during vortex conditions resulted in NO production without affecting integrity of the RBC membrane. Comparable activation of RBC-eNOS by mechanical perturbation and chemical agonists of eNOS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Physiological agonists of eNOS such as insulin, calcium chloride, and L-arginine; induced a significant 2--3 fold increase in NO production relative to static RBCs. Notably, the relative levels of NO produced by vortexed RBCs and RBCs treated with chemical agonists were similar ([Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). Real time production of RBC-NO ------------------------------ We monitored real time NO production by RBC in static and vortex conditions by an ultra-sensitive NO electrode[@b13]. [Figure 3a,b](#f3){ref-type="fig"} shows vortexed RBC produced 10 fold higher levels of NO than static RBC. Thus, 6 × 10^5^ vortexed RBC produced 108.41 pM of NO after 20 seconds of vortexing, whereas static RBC produced 10.19 pM of NO. On a per cell basis, a single vortexed RBC produced 0.18 pM of NO, whereas a single static RBC produced 0.02 pM of NO. [Figure 3c](#f3){ref-type="fig"} shows that continuously vortexed RBCs (1 × 10^6^) produced 6.07 μM (6.07 ± 0.03) of NO over a period of 108 seconds. Notably, a significant 98% of this NO (5.98/6.07 = 0.98) was produced during the first 20 seconds of vortex. These results are consistent with our earlier observation showing a maximum NO production in RBCs vortexed at 800 rpm for 20 seconds. Regulation of RBC-NO through membrane deformation ------------------------------------------------- In order to investigate the role of RBC membrane deformation in NO production, RBCs sandwiched between two cover slips were incrementally loaded with defined weights each (16 gm), and real time intracellular RBC-NO production was tracked by DAR imaging[@b14]. [Figure 4a](#f4){ref-type="fig"} shows a schematic representation of experimental setup. [Figure 4b](#f4){ref-type="fig"} shows that adding 64 gm weight caused a gradual and significant 1.50 fold increase in NO production when compared with controls without weight (0 gm). NO production by loaded RBCs in presence of L-Arginine was also greater than that observed in loaded RBCs without L-Arginine (n = 3; ^\$^p = 0.000185, ^\$^p = 0.0000186, ^\$^p = 0.00238, ^\$^p = 1.49E-06). Results showed that the NO produced by loaded RBCs was eNOS dependent, since presence of (L-arginine) enhanced NO production by loaded RBCs by 2 fold. Conversely, presence of (L-NAME) abrogated this increase in NO production. [Figure 4c](#f4){ref-type="fig"} shows representative fluorescence images of RBCs after addition of weights at 1 min intervals. Further, we explored the role of membrane fluidity on NO production in vortexed RBC through fluorescence anisotropy studies. Increasing speeds of vortex resulted in a significant increase in fluidity of RBC membranes, which could in part be reversed by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME ([Supplementary Fig. 2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Mechanical perturbation activates upstream signalling which induce RBC-eNOS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ([Figs 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}, [2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}, [3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}) demonstrated that different modes of mechanical perturbation of suspended RBC resulted in significant levels of NO production. It was therefore important to determine whether this NO was specifically produced by activation of RBC-eNOS. [Figure 5a](#f5){ref-type="fig"} i) schematic representation image shows the unbinding of caveolin scaffolding domain from eNOS and eNOS activation. [Figure 5a](#f5){ref-type="fig"} ii) shows that NO produced by static and vortexed RBCs is eNOS dependent since it was significantly stimulated by (L-arginine) and inhibited by (L-NAME). Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide is a specific eNOS interacting protein, which negatively modulates eNOS activity[@b15]. [Figure 5a](#f5){ref-type="fig"} iii) shows that interference of the eNOS-caveolin interaction with a caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide significantly attenuated NO production by RBC in static and vortex condition. These data proved that NO production by RBCs subjected to mechanical perturbation is catalyzed by eNOS. However the phosphorylation of eNOS at ser-1177 plays a critical role in its activation. Therefore, we analyzed expression of RBC-eNOS, caveolin-1, and their corresponding phosphorylation status by western blot. Both static and vortexed RBC expressed similar levels of eNOS and caveolin proteins in RBC ghosts. However, only vortexed RBC had increased levels of phosphorylated e-NOS (serine-1177) and phosphorylated caveolin (Tyr-14) when compared with static RBC ([Fig. 5b](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). The data in [Fig. 5b](#f5){ref-type="fig"}) was analyzed by densitometry, which confirmed that vortexed RBC showed a statistically significant increase in phosphorylated e-NOS and phosphorylated caveolin relative to static RBC. NO produced by mechanically perturbed RBC-eNOS regulates endothelial functions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ We hypothesized that the NO produced by mechanically perturbed RBC-eNOS could regulate endothelial functions like cell migration, regulation of secondary signalling, and vascular sprouting. With respect to cell migration, a scrape wound-healing assay was performed on immortalized EAhy926 cells incubated with equal numbers of static or vortexed RBCs. [Figure 5c(i and ii)](#f5){ref-type="fig"} showed that NO produced by vortexed RBCs induced a significant 20% increase in migration of wounded EAhy926 cells when compared with NO produced by static RBC. With respect to secondary signalling, immunofluorescence showed that NO derived from vortexed RBC could modulate levels of cGMP and nitrosylated RBC proteins (5d). In addition, the role of RBC derived NO in angiogenesis was confirmed by treating extra-embryonic vascular beds with vortexed RBC for 4 hours. Real time tracking demonstrated that NO from vortexed RBC significantly increased the number, length, size, and junctions formed in the vascular bed ([Supplementary Fig. 4a,b](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Thus, the NO produced by activation of RBC-eNOS in suspended, vortexed RBCs stimulated the important endothelial processes of cell migration, nitrosylation of RBC proteins and vascular sprouting. Band3 mediated changes in intracellular chloride levels lead to RBC-eNOS activation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vortexed RBC specifically activates RBC-eNOS. Therefore, it was necessary to determine if molecules required for upstream eNOS signalling were also activated during vortex conditions in suspended RBCs. Previous studies have shown that influx of chloride ion through the band3 ion channel is an early step in activation of RBC-eNOS ([Fig. 6a](#f6){ref-type="fig"}). In order to demonstrate this crucial first step in upstream of eNOS signalling, we synthesized a membrane permeable, chloride sensitive probe 6-Methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium Iodide (MEQ)[@b16], and measured influx of chloride in vortexed RBCs versus static controls. ([Figure 6b](#f6){ref-type="fig"}) shows the protocol used to chemically convert MEQ into its membrane permeable form, Di-HMEQ. Fluorescence intensity of Di-HMEQ at 344/440 nm is inversely proportional to chloride influx into RBC. [Figure 6c](#f6){ref-type="fig"} demonstrates that chloride influx was significantly higher in vortexed versus static RBCs at 0 μM Calcium chloride (Cacl~2~) concentrations. Vortexed RBCs incubated with 10 μM CaCl~2~ also showed a statistically significant 2.50--3.0 fold increase in chloride influx when compared with static RBCs. These data strongly suggest that band3 protein mediates chloride transport across the RBC membrane during mechanical perturbation caused by vortexing. In order to examine the role of other molecules in upstream eNOS signalling, vortexed RBCs were treated with diamide, an SH-oxidizing agent which disrupts protein-lipid interactions, or specific inhibitors of band 3, Src Kinase, and PI3-Kinase. Using these inhibitors, we proved that intact protein-lipid interactions in the membrane ([Fig. 7a](#f7){ref-type="fig"}), and activation of Band3 ([Fig. 7b](#f7){ref-type="fig"}), Src kinase ([Fig. 7c](#f7){ref-type="fig"}), and PI3K proteins ([Fig. 7d](#f7){ref-type="fig"}); were responsible for RBC-eNOS activation under vortex conditions. These data suggest that vortex conditions can alter membranes of suspended RBCs, and activate the band 3 anion exchanger. The subsequent influx of chloride activates the Src kinase/PI3K pathway leading to phosphorylation of eNOS (at ser1177), and eNOS activation. Mechanical perturbation improves SNO-Hb level in RBC proteins ------------------------------------------------------------- Re-nitrosylation of stored blood could improve oxygen delivery from RBCs into tissues during blood transfusion[@b17]. We examined whether vortex and rocker conditions could stimulate SNO-Hb of RBCs in stored blood. Immunofluorescence images ([Fig. 8a](#f8){ref-type="fig"},b) shows that vortex treatment caused a significant 1.60 fold increase in SNO-Hb levels of RBC in fresh blood. Vortexed RBC after 12^th^ and 24^th^ hour of storage also showed significantly higher levels of SNO-Hb than that of static blood at same time of storage respectively. Continuous rocking treatment of blood during 12^th^ and 24^th^ hour of storage also maintained higher levels of SNO-Hb of RBC. Notably, RBCs in vortexed blood showed significantly greater SNO-Hb in comparison to that of RBCs from blood in rocking condition at the 24^th^ time point. Since viability of RBC in stored blood is essential, we estimated level of plasma LDH as a biomarker for haemolysis. Plasma LDH level was significantly increased at 24^th^ and 48^th^ in static blood compared with rocked blood ([Fig. 8c](#f8){ref-type="fig"}). Addition of caveolin peptide to static and rocked blood further increased plasma LDH levels. These data strongly suggest that caveolin peptide inhibited RBC-NO production and SNO-Hb of RBC proteins in vortexed condition. The decreased SNO-Hb of RBC proteins in stored blood resulted in decreased RBC viability and higher levels of LDH release. Discussion ========== In contrast to endothelium RBC enjoys higher order of freedom since it flows along with the blood circulation. Laminar shear stress activates eNOS by phosphorylating serine and tyrosine moieties in eNOS in endothelium[@b18]. RBC-eNOS activity and intracellular NO levels were increased in immobilized RBC exposed to well-defined fluid shear stress[@b19]. Under simple shear flow, only two motions, "tumbling" and "tank-treading," have been described experimentally that relate to cell mechanics of the RBC[@b20]. Vascular network includes one-to-two branching (bifurcation) and one-to-many branching (trifurcation, quadfurcation and so on)[@b21]. Therefore, nature of fluidics, flow pattern, and shear have wide range of possibilities in biological vascular network. When RBC is placed in this heterogeneous pattern of fluidics, it experiences various kinds of flow associated events. Therefore, it is very difficult to simulate the *in-vivo* conditions, which RBCs experience in vascular milieu. We deem that physical perturbation we have used would closely represent turbulence and disturbed flow situations *in vivo* and its effects on RBC. The results suggest that RBC deformation in constricted vessels may increase NO levels in the RBC, and favor vasodilation, thereby providing an important role for RBC in regulating the circulation. Apart from "flow" factors RBC are colliding with each other, with other cell types and with the inner surface of vascular lumen in a routine fashion. Our proposition is that colliding RBC are always under "Off and On" mode of NO production in a given laminar flow condition because the RBC change their shape transiently each time one RBC collides with another cell or endothelium. First, we compared different modes of physical perturbation and found that mechanically vortexed RBC in suspension reproducibly produced higher levels of NO than static RBC. Interestingly, we observed that micromolar levels of NO production were sustained in the vortexed RBC for upto 108 seconds. Direct RBC trapping and manipulation have been reported in the literature[@b22]. Using optical tweezers, we could demonstrate that increased DAR fluorescence was observed in a single trapped RBC but not in a free RBC ([Supplementary Fig. 3a,b](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). This experiment further proved that single RBC subjected to a measurable force undergoes deformation which leads to production of detectable levels of NO. We then blocked eNOS activity in the RBC by incubating the RBC with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide which is a specific inhibitor of eNOS activity. This eNOS specific approach confirmed that physical perturbation activates eNOS in the RBC to produce NO. The results confirmed that deformity of RBC membrane leads to the production of NO from eNOS. It is a known fact that NO reacts in a nearly diffusion-limited reaction with oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin to form methemoglobin and iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin. However, the NO scavenging property of free Hb is very different from that of bound sub-cellular Hb of RBC. In particular, the NO scavenger and vasopressor effects of hemoglobin present in RBC are limited by compartmentalization of hemoglobin within the erythrocyte. Therefore, we propose that the RBC membrane has unique sub-membrane properties that limit the rate of NO-hemoglobin reactions by approximately 600-fold[@b23][@b24][@b25]. This attenuated interaction between NO-hemoglobin would permit NO release which is then detected by our assays on static and vortexed RBC's. We suggest that vortexed RBCs are transiently subjected to an increase in NO-hemoglobin interactions. This would explain the increased NO produced in vortexed RBCs versus static controls ([Figs 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}, [2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}, [3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). At this juncture we ask the question "How the physical perturbation of RBC translate into the activation of eNOS and NO production?" To address this question we compared the RBC preparedness for responding to membrane perturbations in suspension with dedicated NO producing endothelial cells in suspension, and observed that RBC is more sensitive in responding to physical perturbations and producing NO than endothelial cells (data not shown). Our results conceptualized that mechanical perturbations alters the order of freedom in the RBC membrane, which further invokes Band3 --src kinase -- PI3K activation and converges on eNOS phosphorylation. The released NO from RBC will have 3 immediate targets 1) The RBC itself an autocrine loop, 2) Other RBCs and blood cells in vicinity and 3) Vascular inner lumen the endothelium. We performed two cell based assays to understand the role of agitation based RBC derived NO on RBC membrane and endothelium. Results of the experiments confirmed that RBC-NO produced by physical perturbations is functionally active for both autocrine and remote targets. Hemorheological disturbances in the patho-physiological microenvironment are associated with intensified RBC aggregation and the subsequent local accumulation of RBCs in the microvascular lumina can entail disorders of the blood flow. Our results show that vortexed RBCs can significantly increase chick embryo angiogenesis and wound healing when compared with static RBCs ([Supplementary Fig. 3 and Fig. 5c i,ii](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). These observations clearly indicate that agitation associated NO production by RBC has functional implications. Present work transpired that mild physical perturbations stimulate NO production machinery in the RBC. We envisage that exercise enforces RBC to traverse through 2 micron capillary ends of the vascular tree with a faster rate that significantly compromises the shape and physical dimensions of RBC. When RBC was exposed to shear stress by filtration through 5 micron diameter pores under 10 cm H~2~O pressure, generating a wall shear stress of approximately 110 Pa[@b5]. RBCs are known to form parachute shapes under flow in microvessels or glass capillaries with diameters between 3 and 13 μm[@b26][@b27][@b28][@b29][@b30]. Evidence from high-speed cinephotography of the microcirculation in the mesentery of the dog shows that the shape of the red blood cell is changed during its flow through capillaries from a biconcave disk to a paraboloid with a hollow bell-like[@b31]. The work of Filipovic *et al*.[@b32] indicates that electro stimulation of the whole body (WB-EMS)[@b32] represents a useful and time-saving addition to conventional training sessions to improve RBC deformability and possibly oxygen supply to the working tissue and thus promoting general force components in high performance sport. Although our study ([Fig. 4b](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) did not simulate capillary-RBC interactions, our experimental models of vortexed RBCs and RBCs subjected to increasing weights, represent in part, the tremendous shape compromising properties of RBCs which sojourn through varied architecture and diameter of blood vessels. Our data on NO release in these experimental models has implications on the *in vivo* conditions under which NO production by RBC occurs. Based on the previous literature and our observations, we propose that enhanced rate of blood circulation increases the frequency of collision of RBC with RBC and other blood cells and vascular walls, and thereby NO production. A recent study showed that storage of blood leads to significant inhibition of eNOS activity in the RBCs[@b33]. To explore the anticipated applications of the knowledge derived from the present study we developed a preliminary experimental strategy to enhance NO production by physical perturbation of RBC to improve the post thaw parameters of stored blood since approximately 85 million units of blood are administered worldwide each year, and therefore, transfusion-related morbidity and mortality is a major public health concern worldwide. RBC-NOS regulates NO production which can then cause S-nitrosylation of RBC hemoglobin[@b34]. A recent work suggested that re-nitrosylation could be a better strategy to store blood in the blood banks[@b17]. The study confirmed that banked blood shows reduced levels of s-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb), which in turn impairs the ability of stored RBC to affect hypoxic vasodilation. The result of the work indicates a solution, which prescribes nitrosylating the RBC before storing them in the bank. Our work specifically offers a least invasive way to tackle the problem. We confirmed that mechanical perturbation facilitates nitrosylation of RBC proteins via eNOS derived NO under the perturbed conditions ([Fig. 8](#f8){ref-type="fig"}). Therefore, we suggest that coupling mild physical perturbations like rocking and shaking of stored blood before, after or during the storage steps of blood banking protocol. Performing limited experiments using routine blood storage protocols we have shown that nitorsylation via physical perturbations of RBC could be a fruitful option for a better storage of the blood in the bank. If these data are replicated in clinical conditions, re-nitrosylation therapy by least invasive and controlled physical disturbances of RBC could have significant therapeutic implications in the care of millions of patients worldwide. Materials and methods --------------------- Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was purchased from PAN-Biotech. Fetal bovine serum was from Invitrogen Life technologies, EAhy926 cell lines. 4-Amino-5-Methylamino-2′, 7′-Difluorofluorescein Diacetate (DAF-FM) was purchased from Invitrogen, NY, USA. Diaminorhodamine-4M-Acetoxymethylester (DAR-4M-AM), eosin-5-maleimide (EM), diamide, 4-(4′-Phenoxyanilino)-6, 7-dimethoxyquinazoline and citrite-phosphate-dextrose solution with adenine (CPDA), Drabkin's reagent were purchased from Sigma Chemical. 6-Methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium Iodide (MEQ), 2′, 7′-dichloro-fluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and dihydrorhodamine-123 (DHR-123) were purchased from Molecular probes. Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (C1-SD~82--101~) was purchased from Cal Biochem. Anti-eNOS (ser-1177), Anti p-eNOS (ser-1177) and Wortmanin purchased were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti caveolin-1, anti p-caveolin-1, anti cGMP, anti nitrocysteine were purchased from Abcam. Other chemicals were of laboratory grade and obtained commercially. Blood sampling and isolation of RBC ----------------------------------- The protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Bio-safety and Ethical Committees (IBEC) of AU-KBC and the methods were carried out in accordance with the approved guidelines. Informed consent was collected from each healthy participant according to the protocol approved by IBEC of AU-KBC. Blood samples were collected from Volunteer Health Service and Lion's blood bank, Chennai, India. Venous blood was taken from the antecubital vein. Red Blood cells (RBCs) were separated from leukocytes and platelets by centrifugation (800 × g, 4 °C, 10 min). RBC pellet was washed thrice and re-suspended in isotonic solution to a hematrocrit of 40% for all experiments. All the experiments were done using freshly prepared RBC suspensions and equal level of RBC (1 × 10^6^). Physical perturbation induces RBC-NO production ----------------------------------------------- Suspended RBCs were subjected to mechanical perturbation by 4 different instruments (vortexer, centrifuge, shaker and rocker). Isolated RBC was subjected to centrifugation (0--4500 rpm) for 1 min. RBC was vortexed for 20 seconds at various speeds; the corresponding rpm (0--1200 rpm) was measured using a Tachometer. RBCs were also perturbed in an orbital shaker (0--200 rpm), or with a rocker at (0--80 rpm) for 1 min. NO production was measured using Varian Cary Eclipse UV--Vis Fluorescence spectrophotometer by DAF-FM at 495/515 nm. Comparative study of agonists and mechanical force on RBC-NO production ----------------------------------------------------------------------- RBC suspensions were treated with or without insulin (5 μM), acetylcholine (5 μM), calcium chloride (1 mM) and L-arginine (1 mM) for 30 minutes. RBC suspensions were vortexed (800 rpm for 20 seconds) and NO measured using Varian Cary Eclipse UV--Vis Fluorescence spectrophotometer by DAF-FM at 495/515 nm. Ultrasensitive NO electrode --------------------------- NO measurement was carried out at 37 °C using Apollo 4000, an optically multi-channel free radical analyzer with an NO selective membrane[@b13]. The NO selective membrane was calibrated with isotonic buffer prior to experiments. Briefly, freshly isolated RBCs (6 × 10^5^/ml) were suspended in isotonic buffer and the equilibrated electrode was placed such that's tip was 10 mm above the RBC suspension. A static RBC suspension was used to monitor NO levels, and the same sample was then vortexed for 20 seconds prior to measurement of NO production. The NO selective membrane was then calibrated for the continuous vortex mode (800 rpm). RBCs were added, and then subjected to continuous vortexing. The NO production by these vortexed RBCs was continuously measured for a period of 108 seconds. RBC membrane perturbation imaging by DAR-4M-AM ---------------------------------------------- RBCs were added to poly l-lysine coated cover slips and incubated with DAR-4M-AM[@b14] for 30 mins at 37 °C. It was placed in the inverted microscope and external physical force was exerted by sequentially stacking defined weights at 1 minute intervals. Real time NO production was captured by fluorescence microscopy (Olympus IX71) at 60X. Fluorescence intensity of red blood cells was calculated by AdobePhotoshop7.0. Endogenous inhibition of eNOS by caveolin-1 scaffolding domain -------------------------------------------------------------- Static RBCs suspensions were incubated for 30 min at 37 °C with L-arginine (1 mM) or L-NAME (1 mM). Static and vortexed RBCs were also incubated with caveolin- 1 peptide[@b16] (10 μM) for 30 minutes at 37 °C, prior to measurement of NO production was measured using Varian Cary Eclipse UV--Vis Fluorescence spectrophotometer by DAF-FM at 495/515 nm. Western blot ------------ RBC ghost membranes were prepared by osmotic lysis[@b35]. RBC ghosts were lysed in lysis buffer 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.1 mM EGTA, 0.1 mM EDTA, 1% TritonX-100, 1% SDS for 10 min on ice. Protein concentrations were determined by Lowry method using bovine serum albumin as a standard[@b36]. Electrophoresis of lysed RBC ghosts was performed with 100 μg of protein per well on 10% gels (SDS-PAGE). Resolved proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, blocked with 5% BSA, and probed with the desired primary antibody (1:1000) overnight at 4 °C. Washed blots were incubated with appropriate secondary antibody (1:2500) (anti-rabbit IgG) conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase for two hours and the protein bands were visualised by adding substrate H~2~O~2~/3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine. Wound healing assay ------------------- Wound healing assay was modified in accordance with the method of Siamwala *et al*.[@b37] EA.hy926 cells were incubated with 1 × 10^6^ RBC/ml (from static or vortex condition) for 30 minutes. RBC's were removed and the cells were incubated for 4 hours. Bright field images of 4× magnifications with inverted microscope were taken in order to measure rate of wound healing. Image J image software was used for quantification. Immunofluorescence (IF) studies ------------------------------- RBCs were fixed with 0.25% glutaraldehyde[@b38] in PBS for 30 minutes and immunolabelled with primary polyclonal antibodies against eNOS, eNOS-Ser1177, cav-1, cav-1Tyr19, cGMP and S-Nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) (1:1000); in PBS with 1% BSA overnight at 4 °C. Washed RBCs were then incubated with secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with Fluorescein isothiocynanate (FITC) or Tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC) at a dilution of 1:2500 for 1 hour and observed with a fluorescent microscope (Olympus IX71) at 60X. Fluorescence intensity was calculated with an image analysis module of Adobe Photoshop ver.7.0. Measurement of intracellular chloride (Cl^−^) --------------------------------------------- Intracellular (Cl^−^) was measured by the Cl^−^ sensitive fluoroprobe[@b16]. RBCs from static and vortex conditions were incubated with diH-MEQ (50 μM) for 30 minutes in chloride free-buffered solution at 37 °C. The trapped dye in the supernatant was measured using Varian Cary Eclipse UV--Vis Fluorescence spectrophotometer at 344/440 nm. Since the DiH-MEQ fluorescence gets quenched in the presence of chloride ion extra-cellular fluorescence intensity of the DiH-MEQ has an inverse relationship with Band 3 chloride channel activity. The data presented as "Band 3 Chloride channel activity (arbitrary unit)". Investigation of upstream eNOS signalling in static and vortexed RBCs --------------------------------------------------------------------- Static and vortexed RBC were incubated with inhibitors of different proteins known to activate eNOS. Membrane stabilizer diamide was used at (0 μM, 1 μM, 3 μM, 6 μM, 9 μM, 12 μM), Band3 anion exchanger channel was inhibited by EM[@b39] (0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM, 1 mM), the src-kinase-1[@b40] was inhibited by 4-(4′-Phenoxyanilino)-6, 7-dimethoxyquinazoline, (0 μM, 0.001 μM, 0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PIK3) was inhibited by wortmanin[@b41] (0 μM, 1 μM, 3 μM, 6 μM, 9 μM, 12 μM). DAF-FM was used to measure NO production by Varian Cary Eclipse UV--Vis Fluorescence spectrophotometer at 495/515 nm in static and vortexed RBC incubated for 20 mins at 37 °C. Effect of mechanical perturbation on SNO-Hb of RBCs in stored blood ------------------------------------------------------------------- Blood from healthy volunteers was incubated with CPDA solution at (1:9) ratio at 4 °C. SNO-Hb was visualized by (IF) using anti nitrocysteine antibody after storage of blood for 0 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr. During storage RBCs were separated from blood and vortexed at 800 rpm for 20 seconds before measuring SNO-Hb. Similarly, SNO-Hb level was measured after blood was placed on a rocker (15 rpm) for 0 hr, 12 hr or 24 hr at 4 °C. Effect of mechanical perturbation on LDH release by RBCs in stored blood ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Blood (1 mL) was collected from 3 healthy donors. It was stored under static condition or on a continuous rocker (15 rpm) upto 48 hr at 4 °C. Plasma LDH level was measured by a kit (Agappe diagnostics Ltd)[@b42]. Statistical analysis -------------------- All experiments were performed in triplicate (n = 3) unless otherwise specified. Data were analysed with sigma stat. T-test was used when two conditions were compared and one-way Anova used for multiple comparisons. Values of p ≤ 0.05 were selected as showing a statistically significant difference. Additional Information ====================== **How to cite this article**: Nagarajan, S. *et al*. Mechanical perturbations trigger endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in human red blood cells. *Sci. Rep.* **6**, 26935; doi: 10.1038/srep26935 (2016). Supplementary Material {#S1} ====================== ###### Supplementary Information This work was partially supported by a grant from University Grant Commission Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), Government of India and KBC Research Foundation, India to SC. **Author Contributions** S.N. designed and performed experiments and analyzed the data; R.K.R. designed and performed experiments and analyzed the data; V.S.K. designed and performed western blot experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; U.M.B performed nitric oxide experiments, analyzed the data. J.B band 3 chloride channel activity assay. V.K. performed optical tweezer experiments, Y.S. performed LDH assay; B.M.J.A. reviewed the manuscript and designed optical tweezer experiment; V.S. contributed for editing and reviewed the manuscript. S.C. designed the study, analyzed and interpreted the data, and approved the final paper and Figures. All authors read and approved the paper. {#f1} {#f2} {#f3} {#f4} {#f5} {#f6} {#f7} {#f8} [^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work. | Mid | [
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package us.ihmc.commonWalkingControlModules.wrenchDistribution; import us.ihmc.commonWalkingControlModules.bipedSupportPolygons.YoPlaneContactState; public interface FrictionConeRotationCalculator { public abstract double computeConeRotation(YoPlaneContactState yoPlaneContactState, int contactPointIndex); } | Low | [
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This one-time alternate uniform was the culmination of an 18-month process. https://t.co/10dzUpfgSU — Gators Football (@GatorsFB) October 10, 2017 Helmet A swamp green — used for the first time — covers the helmet, which has a satin finish. The Gator Head logo appears on one side of the helmet, which is another first for Florida. Baselayer Florida will wear a sublimated base-layer top in royal blue with a tonal gator print extending onto the sleeves. Jersey Above that, the Gators will be in a swamp green jersey covered in a tonal gator print. Player numbers are orange trimmed in royal blue, while names appear in orange. A TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane, which is essentially a dense but smooth rubber) Gator logo patch sits at the center of the neck gusset. Gloves Custom swamp green gloves showcase royal blue straps and accents and an orange Swoosh on the back of the hand, while a tonal Gator print and the Gator logo appear on the palm over orange. Pants The pants are solid swamp green with a TPU Gator logo patch on the hip. Socks Florida will have a swamp green Vapor Grip socks. Their strategically placed cushion (for added comfort and impact protection) has a texture that coincidentally mimics the armored skin of an alligator. Cleats To complete the look, the players will wear special-edition cleats that span Nike's complete footwear offering for NCAA teams (including the latest Alpha Menace Elite and Force Savage Elite). The cleats are swamp green and covered in Gator print with chrome orange plates. The sockliners have sublimated Gator logos on them. Swamp Green T-Shirt & Hat with Gatorhead Logo Available for purchase will be a swamp green t-shirt and hat with a Florida's iconic Gatorhead logo centered on both items. Swamp Green Vapor Speed Turf Shoes with Gatorskin Print The same shoes that coaches and staff will be wearing on the sideline will also be available. These turf shoes feature Gatorskin print just as the aforementioned cleats do. Twenty-five years after Ben Hill Griffin Stadium became "The Swamp," the University of Florida football team will take the look of a Gator when they take the field on Saturday.As the only Division I school in the country named the Gators, UF and Nike officials saw a unique opportunity that has been in the works for over two years. This marks the first time in school history that the Florida football team will stray from its traditional Orange and Blue look that is synonymous with its storied program.Nike Football designers created and delivered a new alternate look for the team (incorporating the Nike Vapor Untouchable Speed uniform ) that takes after an alligator's armored body and channels its ability to be a master of camouflage.Here are the head-to-toe details of this alternate uniform.Florida Gators will be a part of history on Saturday, as the Gators host Texas A&M in the second time in school history and first since 1962. In 2012, Florida welcomed the Aggies to the Southeastern Conference as UF traveled to College Station, Texas on Sept. 8, 2012.The Gators and Aggies will be meeting for just the fourth time in history. UF beat A&M, 42-6, in the first meeting in 1962 and Texas A&M returned the favor in the1977 Sun Bowl in El Paso, beating the Gators, 37-14.During that matchup five years ago, Florida downed A&M, 20-17.It's the 25th anniversary of when the Head Ball Coach,, gave Ben Hill Griffin Stadium its nickname, The Swamp "The 'Swamp' is a place where only Gators get out alive," Spurrier told then-Gainesville Sun columnist Mike Bianchi in 1992 . "We feel comfortable there, but we hope our opponents feel tentative. A swamp is hot and sticky and can be dangerous. We feel this is an appropriate nickname for our stadium."All told, Spurrier's teams went 68-5 at home during his 12 seasons.is 13-2 at home after going unbeaten in "The Swamp" last year. | Mid | [
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Lucas Schoofs Lucas Schoofs (born 3 January 1997) is a Belgian footballer plays as a defending midfielder for Heracles Almelo. He began his career in the youth teams of Lommel United in 2014. Career Schoofs was educated at then-Belgian Second Division side Lommel United, in which he went through the youth teams. On 27 April 2014, he was selected for the last game of the 2013–14 season against Sint-Truiden and made his official, substituting Thomas Jutten in the 78th minute. In the 2014–15 season, he was included into the selection. Schoofs scored his first goal on 30 August 2014 against Roeselare. On 29 August 2015, Schoofs was transferred to the national champions K.A.A. Gent. Gent allowed Schoofs first to develop a further year on loan at Lommel. Career statistics References External links Belgian Football profile Category:1997 births Category:Living people Category:Association football midfielders Category:Belgian footballers Category:Belgian expatriate footballers Category:Belgium youth international footballers Category:Lommel SK players Category:K.A.A. Gent players Category:Oud-Heverlee Leuven players Category:NAC Breda players Category:Heracles Almelo players Category:Belgian First Division A players Category:Belgian Second Division/Belgian First Division B players Category:Eredivisie players Category:Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands | Mid | [
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%{ /* Includes the header in the wrapper code */ #include "chrono/physics/ChSystem.h" #include "chrono/timestepper/ChIntegrable.h" #include "chrono/timestepper/ChTimestepper.h" #include "chrono/timestepper/ChTimestepperHHT.h" using namespace chrono; %} %shared_ptr(chrono::ChSystem) %shared_ptr(chrono::ChSystem::CustomCollisionCallback) // Forward ref %import "chrono_python/core/ChAssembly.i" %import "chrono_python/core/ChTimestepper.i" //%import "chrono_python/core/ChSolver.i" %import "chrono_python/core/ChCollisionModel.i" %import "chrono_python/core/ChCollisionInfo.i" // Cross-inheritance between Python and c++ for callbacks that must be inherited. // Put this 'director' feature _before_ class wrapping declaration. %feature("director") CustomCollisionCallback; /* Parse the header file to generate wrappers */ %include "../../chrono/physics/ChSystem.h" | Mid | [
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Inhibition of auxin-stimulated growth of pea stem segments by a specific nonasaccharide of xyloglucan. Hemicellulose extracted from cell walls of suspension-cultured rose (Rosa "Paul's Scarlet") cells was digested with cellulase from Trichoderma viride. The quantitatively major oligosaccharide products, a nonasaccharide and a heptasaccharide derived from xyloglucan, were purified by gel permeation chromatography. The nonasaccharide was found to inhibit the 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic-acid-induced elongation of etiolated pea (Pisum sativum) stem segments. This confirms an earlier report (York et al., 1984, Plant Physiol. 75, 295-297). The inhibition of elongation by the nonasaccharide showed a maximum at around 10(-9)M with higher and lower concentrations being less effective. The heptasaccharide did not significantly inhibit elongation at 10(-7)-10(-10)M and also did not affect the inhibition caused by the nonasaccharide when co-incubated with the latter. | Mid | [
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Everton manager David Moyes claims he has received no contact from Tottenham about the vacant managerial position following the sacking of Harry Redknapp early on Thursday morning. Moyes is the bookies' favourite to take over at White Hart Lane, but Andre Villas-Boas is now thought to be top of the shortlist as Everton seem unwilling to let their man go. "There has been no contact [with Spurs]. If there had been contact, I would have told the chairman," Moyes told BBC Radio 5Live. ''I hope to meet all my ambitions at Everton but you never know in this game. ''I came back from holiday and found out about Harry and I feel sad for him because I feel he has done a good job.'' An Everton insider told ESPN: "There is no crisis meeting going on here, there is no need for the manager to be rushing back from holiday to speak with the chairman, they have a very strong relationship and speak every day. "The Everton manager is one of the top three or four best paid managers in the Premier League and has never shown an inclination to want to move on. Spurs have not been in touch and of course they would not be welcome if they did. "You have to be realistic, you cannot keep people who don't wish to work with you, but there is a feeling at Goodison that David Moyes will want to stay rather than go to Spurs." | Mid | [
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Alpha-smooth-muscle actin expression in normal and fibrotic human livers. To determine the significance of the expression of alpha-smooth-muscle actin in the fibrotic human liver, normal and diseased livers were stained with anti-alpha-smooth-muscle-actin antibody by an immunoperoxidase method. Vitamin A-containing lipocytes were also identified by the modified Kupffer's gold chloride method. In the normal human liver, lipocytes as well as vascular smooth muscle cells expressed alpha-smooth-muscle actin. In alcoholic liver disease, there was an increase in the cells positive for alpha-smooth-muscle actin adjacent to the fibrotic areas, but the response of lipocytes to the gold chloride reaction diminished. In chronic hepatitis, the cells positive for alpha-smooth-muscle actin increased around the enlarged portal areas, and the response to the gold chloride reaction did not change appreciably. An increase in the cells positive for alpha-smooth-muscle actin was associated with the progression of hepatic fibrosis in the liver of patients with alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis. | Mid | [
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Q: How to unescape escaped regex? I'm looking for the reverse of regexp.QuoteMeta. Is it there a such function? I've tried to manually unescape it using strings.Replace("\", "", -1) but this is prone to error/unreliable as it doesn't work in all the cases(i.e. on excessive escaping or unicode). I also tried to add some quotes and use strconv.Unquote (e.g. strconv.Unquote("+ "https:\/\/ad.doubleclick.net" +") ) but it errors out. A: Parse the string with the regexp/syntax package to get the unquoted string: func unquoteMeta(s string) (string, error) { r, err := syntax.Parse(s), 0) if err != nil { return "", err } if r.Op != syntax.OpLiteral { return "", errors.New("not a quoted meta") } return string(r.Rune), nil } playground example | Mid | [
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Q: varArgs Example to calculate sum of numbers (calling same method independent of number of input parameters) Possible Duplicate: java: how can i create a function that supports any number of parameters? Is there a way to call a generic function from other functions irrespective of the input parameters ? If my input data types are all same (either int only or String only) public class sumOfNo { public static void main(String[] arg) { /** * Normal way of calling function to calculate sum. */ int result = sum(1, 2); int result1 = sum(1, 2, 3); } /** * A normal function overloading method of calculating sum * @return */ private static int sum(int i, int i0) { int c = i + i0; System.out.println("c:" + c); return c; } private static int sum(int i, int i0, int i1) { int c = i + i0 + i1; System.out.println("c:" + c); return c; } } A: try comething like this public int sum(int... args) { int sum = 0; for (int i : args) sum += i; return sum; } then you can call sum(3); sum(3, 4, 5); sum(3, 4, 5, 6, 7); erit: amit was 5 sec quicker :) | High | [
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1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to an operating and/or display unit for installation above the seats in vehicles, in particular in aircraft. 2. Description of Related Art In vehicles, and in particular in touring buses and aircraft, various operating and/or display elements are arranged above the seats, said elements serving e. g. for ventilation, illumination and calling of the crew members. These operating and/or display units normally comprise a ceiling-mounted element whose front side is directed towards the ceiling-mounted element various operating elements and/or various optical display elements are arranged, while on the rear side of the ceiling-mounted element at least In aircraft, operating and/or display units of the type described above are also referred to as so-called passenger service units (PSU). Above these units there is a free space which, towards the outside of vehicle cabin, is thermally coupled to the outer skin of the aircraft. Thus condensate may form in the interspace or the free space since the outer skin of the aircraft is exposed to extremely low temperatures during the flight, which leads to condensation of the air and thus to dripping water formation. To prevent the dripping water from affecting the electronic system arranged on the rear side of the ceiling-mounted element, the circuit board is covered by a covering hood (also referred to as dripping water-proof roof). An electric cable extends through an opening in the covering hood, said cable being electrically connected with a manifold. The cable is electricall connected with the circuit board via a plug. During installation and/or maintenance of an aircraft unintended loosening of the cable plugs from the counterparts on the circuit board may occur. This prolongs the installation and maintenance time and affects the functioning of the PSU. Cable passages and fasteners are e. g. known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,330,506 A; U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,028 A; U.S. Pat. No. 5,347,434 A; EP 716 014 A1; DE 100 01 846 A1. | Mid | [
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>> >> >> a = 'okay' a = okay >> x = rand(3) % a matrix x = 0.8147 0.9134 0.2785 0.9058 0.6324 0.5469 0.1270 0.0975 0.9575 >> 1/0 ans = Inf >> foo ??? Undefined function or variable 'foo'. >> >> >> {cos(2*pi), 'testing'} ans = [1] 'testing' >> >> >> | Low | [
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CHESTER, Pa. — Sebastien Le Toux cemented his Philadelphia Union legacy this past weekend, scoring his 50th goal with the club while wearing the captain’s armband for the first time. Of course, Le Toux’s legacy in Philly was already secure long before the Union’s 2-1 loss in Seattle on Saturday. The Frenchman not only leads the club in just about every statistical category—including goals, assists, games played and minutes. But he's also provided a main face for the franchise ever since logging a hat trick in the club’s first-ever home game in 2010. And even as his role on the team has changed over the years—from top striker to winger to key reserve—it’s fair to say that he’s always been one of the team’s most popular players, stopping often to sign autographs for fans and pose for photos. The feeling is mutual, and Le Toux has fallen so in love with Philadelphia that he's decided to make it his long-term home with his wife, even if he finishes his career elsewhere. (He’ll be a free agent at the end of the season but says that he would prefer to retire with the Union). Leading up to this Saturday’s game pitting the Union against New York City FC at Talen Energy Stadium (4 p.m. ET, MLS LIVE) we sat down with Le Toux to discuss his favorite things about Philly, and why he’s fallen in love with a city nearly 4000 miles away from his original home in France. The brotherly love A few months ago, Le Toux was enjoying happy hour at the popular Mexican restaurant El Vez, when a random person tapped him on the shoulder out of nowhere and asked if he, his wife, and his cousin wanted tickets to the Philadelphia Flyers game that evening. They accepted, finished their appetizers, and rushed down to the game, settling into a nice suite to watch the Flyers overcome a 3-0 deficit to beat the St. Louis Blues, 4-3. “Best game ever,” Le Toux says of the evening. “It was like it was meant to be.” The other sports teams Le Toux had already turned into a big Flyers fan long before that encounter. After Union practice this past Wednesday, he got a bunch of his teammates together to put on Flyers shirts, hoping to bring the NHL team some luck after they fell behind 3-0 in their opening-round playoff series with the Washington Capitals. He also loves going to the Eagles games, even though he didn’t know a thing about American football before coming to the US. “I had no idea,” he says. “I didn’t even know the rules.” The politeness Although the Union aren’t as big in Philly as the Eagles, Flyers, Phillies and 76ers, Le Toux says he does get recognized a lot while walking around the city. And the affable Frenchman with the distinctive face and constant smile enjoys it. So when his wife notices someone who might be apprehensive about approaching him, she tells Le Toux to go over and say hello. “If I can just say hi, it’s easy,” he says, “and it’s always great. I’ve never had people come to me and say, ‘Hey Le Toux, you’re a [jerk] and we hate you.’” The chance encounters Back in 2010, when he was living in the suburbs shortly after coming to the area following a stint with the Seattle Sounders, Le Toux was having dinner at a college bar in West Chester called Kildare’s Irish Pub. Soon, he started talking to a girl named Kendall. “She had no idea who I was,” he said. “She had no idea we had a soccer team here. At first, I think she was joking about what I was doing here.” They’ll be married for two years today. The restaurant scene Le Toux knows he and his wife will go out to eat somewhere to celebrate their two-year anniversary but he wasn’t sure where. That’s the good thing about Philly, he says—there are so many great places from which to choose. He particularly likes the stretch of 13th Street that features Barbuzzo, Sampan, Zavino and El Vez (even when people don’t give him Flyers tickets). His neighborhood Le Toux and his wife also like to go out near where they live in the bustling Northern Liberties neighborhood, whether for tacos at Loco Pez, bowling at North Bowl, or jazz music and a glass of wine at Heritage. Sadly, for those who love Le Toux’s incredible karaoke skills, he said he only sings for team videos and not out in Philly bars. Still, we’ll always have this: The small-town feel Although Philly is the fifth-biggest city in the country by population, it has a funny way of feeling small. For instance, Le Toux lives on a narrow block, next to a very big block (Spring Garden). And like a lot of people, he often walks around the heart of the city with his family and friends. “It’s a big town,” he says, “but it doesn’t feel big.” The beer gardens One of the best things the city has to offer in the summer are pop-up beer gardens that offer outdoor seating, games and, yes, beer. Le Toux especially likes the games, including cornhole, where his competitive streak comes out in a big way. “When I play a game,” he says, “I like to win.” The history One of the biggest beer gardens is right near Independence Hall in Philly’s historic district. And even when not playing competitive cornhole, Le Toux has indeed walked around that area and done the whole Liberty Bell thing. He also recently checked out Elfreth’s Alley, the country’s oldest continuously inhabited residential street. The soccer stadium It might not actually be inside the city limits, but Le Toux has forged a lifetime’s worth of memories at the Union’s home in Chester, now called Talen Energy Stadium. He scored the first-ever goal there in 2010, scored the only playoff goal there in 2011, and gets showered with incredibly loud “Le Touuuuuuux” chants every time he enters a game. “At the beginning, lots of people asked, ‘Why are they booing you?’” he says, laughing. “And I’m like, ‘No, my name is Le Toux. That’s why it sounds like 'boo.'” We can be sure of one thing: this proud adopted Philadelphian will never hear many real boos in the home he loves. | High | [
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Search form Search form China and Islam: The Prophet, the Party, and Law On 22 June 2017, Professor Erie participated in an Author Meets Reader session for his book China and Islam: The Prophet, the Party, and Law (CUP, 2016) at the 2017 Law and Society Association meeting in Mexico City. The session was led by Professor Tom Ginsburg (University of Chicago Law School), and Rachel Stern (Berkeley), Mark Massoud (UC Santa Cruz), Arzoo Osanloo (University of Washington), and Adam Horalek (University of Pardubice) were readers. | Mid | [
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368 B.R. 825 (2007) In re Craig M. FREDERICKSON, Debtor. No. 4:06-bk-15737. United States Bankruptcy Court, E.D. Arkansas, Western Division. May 16, 2007. O.C. Sparks, Clark & Byarlay, Thomas W. Byarlay, Attorney at Law, Little Rock, AR, for Debtor. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER RICHARD D. TAYLOR, Bankruptcy Judge. Before the Court is the trustee's Objection to Confirmation of Initial Plan filed on January 19, 2007. The debtor, Craig M. Frederickson, filed his chapter 13 voluntary petition and proposed plan on December 13, 2006. In his plan, the debtor proposed to pay $600.00 per month for a period of 48 months, with the unsecured creditors receiving a pro rata distribution. Because the debtor's income is above the median family income for the state of Arkansas, the trustee objected to the 48 month period, arguing instead that the plan must provide for payments over a 60 month time period. The Court heard the trustee's objection on February 21, 2007, and took the matter under advisement to allow the parties additional time to brief the issues. For the reasons stated below, the Court overrules the trustee's objection. Jurisdiction The Court has jurisdiction over this matter under 28 U.S.C. § 1334 and 28 U.S.C. § 157, and it is a core proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(L). The following opinion constitutes findings of fact and conclusions of law in accordance with Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 7052, made applicable to this proceeding under Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9014. Background The facts in this case are undisputed and have been stipulated by both parties: 1. This case was filed on December 13, 2006. The plan, schedules and Statement of Current Monthly Income and Disposable Income (Form 22C) were timely filed on that date. *826 2. Pursuant to the calculations reflected on the Form 22C, the debtor is an "above-median" debtor whose disposable income is determined pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(3). The disposable income calculation reflected on Form 22C, line 58 is a negative amount, $-95.49. 3. The plan provides that the debtor will pay $600. per month for a period of 48 months, with unsecured creditors to receive a pro rata dividend. As of the date of the first meeting of creditors, it was anticipated that the unsecured creditors would receive a dividend of $3,672.82, or 61% of the scheduled claims. As of Tuesday, February 20, 2007, based upon the claims in the case, the trustee calculates that the unsecured creditors will receive $5,455.11. If the debtors are required to maintain their case for 60 months, it is estimated that the unsecured creditors' dividend would near, if not equal, 100% on their claims. Additionally, the parties stipulated to the following exhibits: A. Narrative Statement of Plan, filed December 13, 2006. B. Official Form 22C, Chapter 13 Statement of Current Monthly Income and Calculation of Commitment Period and Disposable Income, filed December 13, 2006. C. Schedules I, J, filed December 13, 2006. D. Trustee's "payees" print-out reflecting scheduled and filed claims. The trustee's principle objection is that because the debtor is above the median family income for the state of Arkansas, he must provide for payments over a 60 month period of time in accordance with 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b). The debtor argues that the required 60 month applicable commitment period should not apply in his case because he has no projected disposable income according to Form 22C (sometimes referred to as the chapter 13 means test). According to the debtor, the applicable commitment period is a multiplier that is used to determine the amount of disposable income that must be paid to unsecured creditors over a period of time. Because he has a negative income according to Form 22C, he should not be required to propose a 60 month plan. The debtor also questions the amount of disposable income that must be committed to unsecured creditors under the plan. Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law According to the bankruptcy code, the court shall confirm a plan if the requirements of 11 U.S.C. § 1325,(a) are met. However, if either the trustee or an unsecured creditor objects to confirmation, the court cannot confirm the plan unless the additional requirements under § 1325(b) are also met. According to subsection (b), all of the debtor's projected disposable income that will be received during the applicable commitment period must be applied to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan. 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b).[1] This subsection includes two specific requirements for a debtor whose *827 income is above the median family income. First, the debtor's disposable income is determined in accordance with § 707(b)(2), the so-called "means test." Second, the applicable commitment period (in other words, the length of the debtor's plan) shall be not less than five years. Unfortunately, the two requirements, both the result of this debtor having above median family income, in this instance present the Court with a statutory dichotomy. The statutory scheme appears to contemplate only occasions where the debtor, using the means test formula, has a positive projected disposable income that must be committed to the plan over the applicable time period. This is not always the case. Projected Disposable Income The debtor's "disposable income," an expressly defined term,[2] is determined by taking his "current monthly income," also a defined term,[3] and subtracting amounts *828 reasonably necessary for the debtor's maintenance, and support. According to the debtor's Schedules I and J, the debtor in reality has approximately $600.00 of disposable income each month. However, for an above median family income debtor, the amounts reasonably necessary to be expended for his maintenance and support are to be determined in accordance with the means test set forth in § 707(b)(2), using Form 22C. Form 22C determines expenses in accordance with IRS national and local standards. The parties stipulated that the debtor's disposable income according to Form 22C is a negative amount. Even though the debtor has proposed a plan that will allow the unsecured creditors to receive a substantial distribution in this case, according to Form 22C the debtor is not required to make any payments to the unsecured creditors under the plan.[4] The trustee concedes this point in his brief.[5] Although the discrepancy between the disposable income on Schedules I and J and Form 22C appears problematic, the code is clear. Section 1325(b)(3) states that in determining disposable income for a debtor whose current monthly income is greater than the median family income for the state, amounts reasonably necessary to be expended for maintenance and support shall be determined by the means test. 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(3). The use of "shall" is "mandatory and leaves no discretion with respect to the expenses and deductions that are to be deducted in arriving at disposable income." In re Barr, 341 B.R. 181, 185 (Bankr.M.D.N.C2006); see also, In re Kolb, 366 B.R. 802 (Bankr.S.D.Ohio 2007) (stating that use of § 707(b)(2) reflects Congress's intent to provide less discretion in determining expenses for above median family income debtor); In re Miller, 361 B.R. 224 (Bankr.N.D.Ala.2007) (discussing cases in general and holding Form 22C dispositive for above median income debtor's projected disposable income); but see In re Ward, 359 B.R. 741 (Bankr.W.D.Mo.2007) (stating Form 22C means test serves as a starting point in determining projected disposable income); In re Gress, 344 B.R. 919 (Bankr.W.D.Mo. 2006) (same). As in the current situation, a debtor whose income is above the median family income may have "excess" income that the debtor is not required to commit to the payment of unsecured creditors. Barr, 341 B.R. at 185. However, the language of the statute is clear and the function of the Court is to enforce the statute according to its terms. Lamie v. United States Trustee, 540 U.S. 526, 534, 124 S.Ct. 1023, 157 L.Ed.2d 1024 (2004). There is nothing in the code that suggests any latitude in this interpretation and the Court finds that the debtor has no projected disposable income to commit to the plan for the benefit of unsecured creditors according *829 to Form 22C. Again, the trustee in this instance expressly concedes this point. Applicable Commitment Period Temporal Requirement or Monetary Requirement After determining the monthly amount of disposable income the debtor must commit to the plan, the debtor must satisfy the requirement that his projected disposable income will be applied for the benefit of unsecured creditors during the applicable commitment period. 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(1)(B). Here, the trustee objects specifically to the commitment period proposed by the debtor 48 months. According to the trustee, the commitment period set forth in § 1325(b)(4) is a time or temporal requirement, not a monetary requirement. The debtor argues that because he has no disposable income according to Form 22C, he should not be required to propose a "not less than 5 year" plan as stated in § 1325(b)(4). In effect, the debtor argues that the applicable commitment period of five years is a multiplicand against which his disposable income is multiplied to determine the amount that unsecured creditors shall receive. Because he has no disposable income to be distributed to the unsecured creditors, the debtor believes § 1325(b)(4) is inapplicable in his case. Much has been written about whether the applicable commitment period is a temporal requirement or a monetary requirement. See generally In re Luton, 363 B.R. 96 (Bankr.W.D.Ark.2007) (listing in detail courts that find both positions). Courts holding that the period is a temporal requirement focus primarily on the statutory language, which states that the applicable commitment period for an above median income debtor "shall be not less than 5 years." 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(4)(A). Further support for this position is found in § 1325(b)(4)(B), which states that the period of time may be less than the applicable commitment period "only if the plan provides for payment in full of all allowed unsecured claims over a shorter period." Courts finding that the requirement is a monetary requirement generally agree that the applicable commitment period is part of a formula to determine the amount to be paid to unsecured creditors. Courts should focus "on the amount a debtor will return to creditors rather than the length of time it might take the debtor to perform." Luton, 363 B.R. at 100 (citing In re Fuger, 347 B.R. 94 (Bankr.D.Utah 2006)).. The Fuger court found that the requirement was both a temporal and a monetary requirement. Fuger, 347 B.R. at 99. It was temporal in that the debtors had to project their proposed income over a specific period of time and the statute provided a time limit for performing under a plan. Conversely, it was monetary in the sense that it required the debtor to commit to pay unsecured creditors a specific amount. Id. The three year period referenced in § 1325(b)(1)(B) before the BAPCPA amendments was the length of time a debtor had to pay his projected disposable income into a plan for the benefit of all creditors. If a debtor had no disposable income to pay into the plan, presumably the plan could not be confirmed. See, e.g., In re Schanuth, 342 B.R. 601, 604-06 (Bankr.W.D.Mo.2006) (stating that when a debtor's expenses exceed income, a plan is not feasible and, therefore, not confirmable); but see In re Alexander, 344 B.R. 742, 750 n. 5 (Bankr.E.D.N.C. 2006) (finding that after BAPCPA, feasibility is no longer dictated by disposable income calculation). However, this is a BAPCPA case. The applicable commitment period refers to a specific period of time in the statute-three years or five years-and the Court finds that when the commitment period applies, *830 it is a temporal requirement, not a monetary requirement as suggested by the debtor. If a debtor has income below the median family income for his state, he must commit his projected disposable income for the benefit of his unsecured creditors for a period of three years. If a debtor has income above the median family income for his state, he must commit his projected disposable income for the benefit of unsecured creditors for not less than five years. This is what is required by § 1325(b)(4). The only way for a debtor to shorten this temporal requirement is "if the plan provides for payment in full of all allowed unsecured claims over a shorter period." 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(4)(B). No Projected Disposable Income However, a different situation arises when an above median family income debtor has no projected disposable income according to Form 22C, as in the present case. In this situation, the "applicable commitment period" phrase may not be relevant. See, e.g., In re Lawson, 361 B.R. 215, 219 (Bankr.D.Utah 2007); Alexander, 344 B.R. at 751. The applicable commitment period is the length of time during which the debtor's projected disposable income will be applied to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan. 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(1)(B). However, the subsection that determines the length of the applicable commitment period begins by stating, "[f]or purposes of this subsection,. . . . " The subsection to which the statute is referring is subsection (b), the only section in the code that discusses the applicable commitment period.[6] Subsection (b) addresses what a plan must include in order for a court to confirm a plan over the objection of the trustee or an unsecured creditor. The requirement is that the debtor provide that all of his projected disposable income received during the applicable commitment period be applied to make payments to the unsecured creditors. The debtor's disposable income is his current monthly income less expenditures as determined by Form 22C. 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(2), (3). If the above median family income debtor has no disposable income, then the requirement that he commit that amount monthly, for five years, for the benefit of unsecured creditors reveals the statutory dichotomy. In the absence of any disposable income (as set by Form 22C), the determination of an applicable commitment period (also set by Form 22C) appears to be no longer required. In other words, the applicable commitment period is relevant "for purposes of this subsection" only if the above median family income debtor actually has "projected disposable income" to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan. Two bases support, and limit, this conclusion. First is the introductory clause to § 1325(b)(4), which states: "For purposes of this subsection" subsection (b). If, for purposes of subsection (b), the debtor has no disposable income to commit for the benefit of unsecured creditors, it is incongruous to require him to commit that amount-zero-for a specific period of time in order to be eligible to propose a confirmable chapter 13 plan. Under pre-BAPCPA law, if the trustee or an unsecured creditor objected to the debtor's proposed plan, the debtor would have had to provide that all of his projected disposable income received *831 in a three year period would be applied to make payments to all creditors under the plan secured, priority, and unsecured. That is no longer the instance; now, the projected disposable income only needs to be applied to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan for the applicable commitment period. If the debtor does not have disposable income under § 1325(b)(2), the applicable commitment period referenced in § 1325(b)(1) does not come into play. According to one court, "there is no reason to extend plans artificially if there is no requirement that debtors pay a dividend to unsecured creditors over time." Alexander, 344 B.R. at 751. The result is that an above median family income debtor who has no disposable income according to Form 22C can propose a confirmable plan spanning less than five years if the remaining statutory requirements are met. In this case, the debtor has done just that.[7] Section 1325(b) is not the only reference to the required length of a debtor's plan that appears in the code. Section 1322(d) states that the plan of an above median family income debtor "may not provide for payments over a period that is longer than 5 years." 11 U.S.C. § 1322(d)(1). This provision establishes a maximum plan length that is the same as the applicable commitment period, but it does not require a minimum commitment period. Alexander, 344 B.R. at 751. If there is no projected disposable income under § 1325(b)(2) for the benefit of unsecured creditors, and, thus, no, applicable commitment period under § 1325(b)(4), the debtor should be able to meet the other confirmation requirements under §§ 1322 and 1325 in whatever period of time he may feasibly do so, within the five years allowed by § 1322(d)(1). Id. Second, the term "disposable income" is statutorily defined in the context of a "current monthly income" analysis. Current monthly income is determined historically. Specifically, the debtor is required to determine a figure based on the average of his monthly income from all sources for the six month period prior to his or her filing. Thus, the disposable income figure, although a projection, is a finite figure based upon set and definite historical data. Accordingly, and definitionally, the "disposable income" figure does not appear to contemplate increases based on raises, windfalls, or the prospective effect of § 1306.[8] Hence, there appears to be no Congressional purpose designed or served in the circumstance where an above median family income debtor has a negative income and the trustee concedes that the debtor has no obligation to make payments into his plan for the benefit of his unsecured creditors. Additionally, it is apparent from a close reading of § 1325(b)(1) that, in the peculiar and specific facts of this case, the debtor will not have income "received," "applied," or available to "make payments to unsecured creditors" during whatever term is appropriate for the length of his plan. Conclusion In this case, the debtor has proposed a 48 month plan that pays a substantial amount to his unsecured creditors, and the trustee objected. Because the debtor is an above median family income debtor, the *832 Court finds that, his projected disposable income is determined by Form 22C. The trustee did not object to the debtor's calculations on Form 22C, and the parties have stipulated that the debtor's projected disposable income is a negative number. Additionally, and perhaps appropriately, the trustee did not object to the feasability of the debtor's plan or argue that the plan was not proposed in good faith. According to § 1325(b)(1)(B), the debtor is not required to make payments to his unsecured creditors under the plan. Because of this, the Court finds that the applicable commitment period does not apply in the debtor's case. The trustee's objection to confirmation of the debtor's plan is overruled and the debtor's plan is confirmed. IT IS SO ORDERED. NOTES [1] (b)(1) If the trustee or the holder of an allowed unsecured claim objects to the confirmation of the plan, then the court may not approve the plan unless, as of the effective date of the plan (A) the value of the property to be distributed under the plan on account of such claim is not less than the amount of such claim; or (B) the plan provides that all of the debtor's projected disposable income to be received in the applicable commitment period beginning on the date that the first payment is due under the plan will be applied to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan. (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term "disposable income" means current monthly income received by the debtor . . . less amounts reasonably necessary to be expended (A) (i) for the maintenance or support of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor, or for a domestic support obligation, that first becomes payable after the date the petition is filed; and (ii) for charitable contributions . . . in an amount not to exceed 15 percent of gross income of the debtor for the year in which the contributions are made; and (B) if the debtor is engaged in business, for the payment of expenditures necessary for the continuation, preservation, and operation of such business. (3) Amounts reasonably necessary to be expended under paragraph (2), other than subparagraph (A)(ii) of paragraph (2), shall be determined in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 707(b)(2), if the debtor has current monthly income, when multiplied by 12, greater than (A) in the case of a debtor in a household of 1 person, the median family income of the applicable State for 1 earner; (B) in the case of a debtor in a household of 2, 3, or 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of the same number or fewer individuals; or (C) in the case of a debtor in a household exceeding 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of 4 or fewer individuals, plus $525 per month for each individual in excess of 4. (4) For purposes of this subsection, the "applicable commitment period" (A) subject to subparagraph (B), shall be (i) 3 years; or (ii) not less than 5 years, if the current monthly income of the debtor and the debtor's spouse combined, when multiplied by 12, is not less than (I) in the case of a debtor in a household of 1 person, the median family income of the applicable State for 1 earner; (II) in the case of a debtor in a household of 2, 3, or 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of the same number or fewer individuals; or (III) in the case of a debtor in a household exceeding 4 individuals, the highest median family income of the applicable State for a family of 4 or fewer individuals, plus $525 per month for each individual in excess of 4; and (B) may be less than 3 or 5 years, whichever is applicable under subparagraph (A), but only if the plan provides for payment in full of all allowed unsecured claims over a shorter period. [2] "Disposable income" is defined, in relevant part, as current monthly income received by the debtor . . . less amounts reasonably necessary to be expended (i) for the maintenance or support of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor, or for a domestic support obligation," that first becomes payable after the date the petition is filed; and (ii) for charitable contributions . . . in an amount not to exceed 15 percent of gross income of the debtor for the year in which the contributions are made. . . . 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(2). [3] "Current monthly income" is defined, in relevant part, as "the average monthly income from all sources that the debtor receives . . . without regard to whether such income is taxable income, derived during the 6-month period ending on . . . the last day of the calendar month immediately preceding the date of the commencement of the case if the debtor files the schedule of current income required by section 521(a)(1)(B)(ii). . . ." 11 U.S.C. § 101(10A). [4] Section 1325(b)(1)(B) used to require that a debtor pay into the plan all of his projected disposable income received during the first three year period to make payments under the plan. The payments would presumably be used to pay the secured claims, the priority claims, and the unsecured claims. This section was amended by the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 [BAPCPA]. Now, a debtor is required to pay into the plan all of his projected disposable income received during the applicable commitment period to make payments to unsecured creditors under the plan. There is no longer a requirement that the secured claims or priority claims are also to be paid out of the projected disposable income. [5] The trustee states: "Thus, there is no minimal amount which must be paid to the general unsecured creditors by virtue of the disposable income plan confirmation requirements." [6] In fact, the only other reference to the applicable commitment period in the code appears in § 1329(c), but, again, only in relation to § 1325(b)(1)(B): (c) A plan modified under this section may not provide for payments over a period that expires after the applicable commitment period under section 1325(b)(1)(B) after the time that the first payment under the original confirmed plan was due. . . . [7] The Court is aware that its finding may actually allow an above median family income debtor to propose a confirmable chapter 13 plan that lasts less than three years. The Court can find no other requirement under the BAPCPA code that requires a minimum plan period of even three years if the debtor has no projected disposable income as determined by Form 22C. [8] "For purposes of this subsection, the term `disposable income' means current monthly income received by the debtor. . . ." 11 U.S.C. § 1325(b)(2). | Mid | [
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// // DATAOBJECT.CPP // // Implementation of the IDataObject COM interface // // By J Brown 2004 // // www.catch22.net // #include "stdafx.h" #include "dataobject.h" #include <shlobj.h> #pragma comment(lib,"shell32.lib") // // Constructor // CDataObject::CDataObject(FORMATETC *fmtetc, STGMEDIUM *stgmed, int count) { m_lRefCount = 1; m_nNumFormats = count; m_pFormatEtc = new FORMATETC[count]; m_pStgMedium = new STGMEDIUM[count]; for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) { m_pFormatEtc[i] = fmtetc[i]; m_pStgMedium[i] = stgmed[i]; } } // // Destructor // CDataObject::~CDataObject() { // cleanup if(m_pFormatEtc) delete[] m_pFormatEtc; if(m_pStgMedium) delete[] m_pStgMedium; } // // IUnknown::AddRef // ULONG __stdcall CDataObject::AddRef(void) { // increment object reference count return InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRefCount); } // // IUnknown::Release // ULONG __stdcall CDataObject::Release(void) { // decrement object reference count LONG count = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRefCount); if(count == 0) { delete this; return 0; } else { return count; } } // // IUnknown::QueryInterface // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::QueryInterface(REFIID iid, void **ppvObject) { // check to see what interface has been requested if(iid == IID_IDataObject || iid == IID_IUnknown) { AddRef(); *ppvObject = this; return S_OK; } else { *ppvObject = 0; return E_NOINTERFACE; } } HGLOBAL DupMem(HGLOBAL hMem) { // lock the source memory object DWORD len = (DWORD)GlobalSize(hMem); PVOID source = GlobalLock(hMem); // create a fixed "global" block - i.e. just // a regular lump of our process heap PVOID dest = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_FIXED, len); memcpy(dest, source, len); GlobalUnlock(hMem); return dest; } int CDataObject::LookupFormatEtc(FORMATETC *pFormatEtc) { for(int i = 0; i < m_nNumFormats; i++) { if((pFormatEtc->tymed & m_pFormatEtc[i].tymed) && pFormatEtc->cfFormat == m_pFormatEtc[i].cfFormat && pFormatEtc->dwAspect == m_pFormatEtc[i].dwAspect) { return i; } } return -1; } // // IDataObject::GetData // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::GetData (FORMATETC *pFormatEtc, STGMEDIUM *pMedium) { int idx; // // try to match the requested FORMATETC with one of our supported formats // if((idx = LookupFormatEtc(pFormatEtc)) == -1) { return DV_E_FORMATETC; } // // found a match! transfer the data into the supplied storage-medium // pMedium->tymed = m_pFormatEtc[idx].tymed; pMedium->pUnkForRelease = 0; switch(m_pFormatEtc[idx].tymed) { case TYMED_HGLOBAL: pMedium->hGlobal = DupMem(m_pStgMedium[idx].hGlobal); //return S_OK; break; default: return DV_E_FORMATETC; } return S_OK; } // // IDataObject::GetDataHere // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::GetDataHere (FORMATETC *pFormatEtc, STGMEDIUM *pMedium) { // GetDataHere is only required for IStream and IStorage mediums // It is an error to call GetDataHere for things like HGLOBAL and other clipboard formats // // OleFlushClipboard // return DATA_E_FORMATETC; } // // IDataObject::QueryGetData // // Called to see if the IDataObject supports the specified format of data // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::QueryGetData (FORMATETC *pFormatEtc) { return (LookupFormatEtc(pFormatEtc) == -1) ? DV_E_FORMATETC : S_OK; } // // IDataObject::GetCanonicalFormatEtc // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::GetCanonicalFormatEtc (FORMATETC *pFormatEct, FORMATETC *pFormatEtcOut) { // Apparently we have to set this field to NULL even though we don't do anything else pFormatEtcOut->ptd = NULL; return E_NOTIMPL; } // // IDataObject::SetData // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::SetData (FORMATETC *pFormatEtc, STGMEDIUM *pMedium, BOOL fRelease) { return E_NOTIMPL; } // // IDataObject::EnumFormatEtc // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::EnumFormatEtc (DWORD dwDirection, IEnumFORMATETC **ppEnumFormatEtc) { if(dwDirection == DATADIR_GET) { // for Win2k+ you can use the SHCreateStdEnumFmtEtc API call, however // to support all Windows platforms we need to implement IEnumFormatEtc ourselves. return SHCreateStdEnumFmtEtc(m_nNumFormats, m_pFormatEtc, ppEnumFormatEtc); } else { // the direction specified is not support for drag+drop return E_NOTIMPL; } } // // IDataObject::DAdvise // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::DAdvise (FORMATETC *pFormatEtc, DWORD advf, IAdviseSink *pAdvSink, DWORD *pdwConnection) { return OLE_E_ADVISENOTSUPPORTED; } // // IDataObject::DUnadvise // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::DUnadvise (DWORD dwConnection) { return OLE_E_ADVISENOTSUPPORTED; } // // IDataObject::EnumDAdvise // HRESULT __stdcall CDataObject::EnumDAdvise (IEnumSTATDATA **ppEnumAdvise) { return OLE_E_ADVISENOTSUPPORTED; } // // Helper function // HRESULT CreateDataObject (FORMATETC *fmtetc, STGMEDIUM *stgmeds, UINT count, IDataObject **ppDataObject) { if(ppDataObject == 0) return E_INVALIDARG; *ppDataObject = new CDataObject(fmtetc, stgmeds, count); return (*ppDataObject) ? S_OK : E_OUTOFMEMORY; } | Mid | [
0.550106609808102,
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Beast: The Primordial, Sales Now available in PDF and print from DriveThruRPG: Beast: The Primordial! Did your heart seize up in your chest a little when I said that? It should. Those horrors you’ve dreamed of all your life – the arms dragging you down into the ooze, the thing with fangs and too many legs waiting in the dark, the sleek, silent killer dropping on you from a clear sky – they’re real. But don’t fret, little brother. You’ll never have to wake up in fear, ever again. The nightmares are real…and you’re one of them. Now, let us feast.” -Zmei You are one of the Begotten, the living embodiment of a primal nightmare of humanity. Your soul, your Horror, is a monstrous creature – maybe something that humanity dreamed and wrote down and still speaks of in legends, or maybe some outlandish horror that no living person has ever seen. You are a Beast, and you must feed. Your Hunger drives you, and your Hunger might damn you. Indulge too lightly and your Horror will take matters into its own hands, roaming the Primordial Dream for sustenance and awakening murderous hatred in spiritually weak individuals. Feed too deeply and too often, and you become sluggish, sacrificing the raw edge of Hunger for the languor of Satiety. You must decide how to grow your Legend – will you be the monster incarnate, the thing that all other monsters fear? Or are you doomed to die under a Hero’s sword? This book contains: | Low | [
0.528384279475982,
30.25,
27
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The skinny: The two-time champs have plenty of talent as usual, but this is all about coach Diego Maradona. On the hot seat back in Buenos Aires when the Argentines were struggling during qualifying, Maradona is accused by critics of easily being out-coached during pressure games. Of course, while he has been ripped for not providing the best tactical gameplan, even Maradona, one of the greatest players in the history of the World Cup, knows that the more Messi has the ball, the better chance of success Argentina will have. Under Argentina’s 4-4-2 setup, Maradona will allow the creative Messi to roam, much in the same manner as Maradona himself did when he was leading his country to the 1986 World Cup. Keep your eye on the young, skilled Sergio Aguero, who just happens to be Maradona’s son-in-law and father of the coach’s first grandson. The outlook: While the skilled Nigerians and the defensive-minded Greeks will keep Group B favourites Argentina from waltzing through the preliminary round, anything less than a semi-final appearance will be considered a disaster back in the home country — if not a spot in the title game. Should emerge as group winner. The skinny: In 1996 Nigeria made the world take notice when it defeated Argentina in the final to win the Olympic gold medal in Atlanta. The “Super Eagles,” as they are called by their rabid supporters, encountered some scary moments during qualifying and needed to come on at the end to secure a spot in South Africa. At one point, government officials were calling for the axing of manager Shaibu Amodu after he and a number of veterans got into a dispute over the omission of winger John Utaka. But Amodu survived and now has the opportunity to make amends. The talent on this team lies up front, so expect some high tempo play from a Nigerian side looking to run-and-gun at every opportunity. The outlook: While it’s doubtful they’ll be able to upset mighty Argentina like they did at the ‘96 Olympics, it stands to be a matchup between Nigerian offence versus Greek defence in the battle to claim second place in the group. Expect the Nigerians to be buoyed by vocal, pro-African crowds. The skinny: Greece’s 2004 Euro championship seems even more improbable when you consider this is only the second time in history the country has qualified for the World Cup. The Greeks had better pray they are more successful this time around. In their only previous appearance, they were outscored 10-0 en route to losing all three of their outings at the 1994 tournament. In other words, Greece is still searching for its first ever World Cup goal. Coach Otto Rehhagel’s job definitely was on the line had the Greeks not gotten to the Big Dance in South Africa. But a dramatic victory in the Ukraine during the second leg of a qualifying playoff allowed the Greeks to squeeze in. The outlook: With Argentina the obvious class of Group B, the Greeks likely will have to beat out Nigeria for second if they hope to advance past the preliminary round. The defensive-minded Rehhagel deployed five at the back during qualifying, leaving little doubt that 0-0 is a desirable outcome. There could be some boring soccer played here, to be sure. The skinny: Known as the “Tigers of Asia,” the South Koreans easily qualified for their eighth World Cup final, an Asian record. En route to solidifying a berth in South Africa, they allowed just three goals in qualifying, an impressive defensive record, to say the least. Many feel this is a much better squad than the one that reached the semi-final in 2002, the best all-time World Cup showing by any Asian team. Keep in mind, however, that the South Koreans turned in that impressive performance while playing on home soil. History has shown that the side has struggled whenever it lines up for a match outside of Asia, as is the case this time around. Whatever the case, they stand to be the best of the four Asian participants in the tournament. The outlook: Some of the so-called experts feel South Korea might surprise a few people and sneak past Greece and Nigeria into second in the group, meaning an automatic berth in the round of 16. But that seems to be asking a lot, especially when the Nigerians will have the African throngs backing them. Will likely finish fourth. | Mid | [
0.567505720823798,
31,
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Laurie Baker (ice hockey) Laurie Baker (born November 6, 1976) is an American ice hockey player. She won a gold medal at the 1998 Winter Olympics and a silver medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics. Awards and honors 1997 USA Hockey Women's Player of the Year Award (also known as the Bob Allen Women's Player of the Year award) Inducted into the Providence College Athletics Hall of Fame on Saturday, February 13, 2016. Personal life Laurie Baker lives in Concord, MA, with her husband, Craig, and two kids. She also works as the assistant athletic director at Concord Academy. References External links bio Category:1976 births Category:American women's ice hockey forwards Category:Ice hockey people from Massachusetts Category:Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics Category:Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics Category:Living people Category:Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics Category:Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in ice hockey Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States in ice hockey Category:People from Concord, Massachusetts Category:Providence Friars women's ice hockey players | High | [
0.7024539877300611,
28.625,
12.125
] |
Dihydromyricetin delays the onset of hyperglycemia and ameliorates insulin resistance without excessive weight gain in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Many flavonoids are reported to be partial agonists of PPARγ and exert antidiabetic effects with fewer side effects compared with full agonists. Here, we assessed the effects of flavonoid dihydromyricetin (DHM) on glucose homeostasis in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Animals were treated with DHM (50-200 mg kg-1) or rosiglitazone (4 mg kg-1) once a day for 8 weeks. We found that DHM reduced fasting blood glucose and delayed the onset of hyperglycemia by 4 weeks. Furthermore, DHM preserved pancreatic β-cell mass, elevated adiponectin and improved lipid profile more vigorously than rosiglitazone. Notably, DHM decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation in both liver and adipose tissue, while rosiglitazone caused a significant increase of body weight and fat accumulation. DHM inhibited phosphorylation of PPARγ at serine 273 more efficiently than rosiglitazone. These results suggest that DHM exerts antidiabetic effects without causing excessive body weight gain via inhibition of PPARγ phosphorylation. | High | [
0.656641604010025,
32.75,
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At age 86, Alfred Bassler can still climb nimbly into the snug cockpit of his Kolb Firestar ultralight, a single-passenger plane that resembles a three-wheeled go cart suspended from a fixed wing. The plane's lightweight construction and simple rudder controls make it "easy to take for a spin" at 200 feet, Bassler said. Instead of strolling around his Clarksville neighborhood, he takes to the skies and surveys it from above. But his decades-old ritual of walking out the front door of his home and hopping inside his ultralight, or his Piper Cub J-4, will soon fall by the wayside. Hayland Farm, a 504-acre spread that had been home to the county's only airport since 1974, is being developed. When Alfred and Patsy Bassler move from their 94-acre parcel in a couple of weeks, they will take with them the last traces of a family's agricultural legacy and a way of life that's becoming increasingly rare in Howard County. The land located off Sheppard Lane, and around the bend from River Hill, is in the midst of becoming Walnut Creek, a development of 159 luxury homes with price tags starting at just under a million dollars. Builders are Camberley Homes, Craftmark Homes and Trinity Homes. The Basslers have been watching the transformation from grain and livestock farm to pricey residential community through the 10-foot-wide picture window of their second-floor living room. That window has functioned over the years like an oversized, widescreen TV through which the hustle and bustle of Haysfield Airport was on constant display. "We were flight bums sometimes, sitting around and watching the planes take off and land," he recalled of earlier days with fellow pilots. "We loved flying that much." But their treasured view of the 50 airplanes parked on the grass airstrip in its heyday became a distant memory last January when Haysfield closed. For another week or so the Basslers have front-row seats to watching suburbia encroach even further on their once-rural enclave. Former County Executive Ed Cochran, who served from 1974 to 1978, learned to fly at Haysfield shortly after leaving office. "The airport was a great resource to have, and it's a shame to see it inundated by development," said the longtime Clarksville resident. He flew his Cessna airplanes to such locales as the Bahamas and the West Coast after getting his pilot's license, but sold them five years ago. "Awful" is how Alfred describes his feelings about the closing of the grass airstrip as well as the forthcoming demolition of the couple's home and four other houses where Bassler family members live. A quarter-mile, tree-lined drive was closed in November and a pond where they fished is no longer stocked with crappies, blue gills and bass. "There's no place on earth that I'm going to like as much as living here," he said. Hayland Farm was also home to grain fields, livestock, a tree nursery, a forest recycling business and a horse-boarding facility at various times over the years. The Basslers will rent an in-law apartment from their son, Jeff, 54, who already has moved with his wife and two children to their new property in Woodbine. Their other son, David, 57, lives in Oregon with his wife to be near their three kids. Lots are being released to the developers a couple dozen at a time, he explained. "We will be rich — after I'm dead!" he said with a laugh, adding that money was never their motivation. In 2007 the eight-member board of directors of the Bassler family corporation, which owns Hayland Farm, voted 5 to 3 to finally sell it to developers after going a couple years without achieving a majority. Alfred and Patsy voted against the sale. Patsy, 79, isn't happy about leaving either, but says having six years to adjust to the idea has helped. "I decided not to feel sad," she said, emphasizing there's no hard feelings over the vote. "Everything has its day, and it's time to move on. But it's been a great place to raise kids and grandkids." Family sells land to Rouse Alfred was born on a 400-acre farm off Cedar Lane that belonged to his grandfather, George Bassler. George eventually split the land into four pieces and gave one to each son, including Alfred's father, Benjamin. After Alfred and Patsy wed in 1952, he established a poultry farm on 5 acres of his dad's share of the property, and eventually had 2,000 hens and came to be known as "The Egg Man." He also mowed a grass runway there that he and a handful of pilots shared with cows, pigs and mules that had to be "scattered out of the way" during takeoff and landing, he recalled. But in 1968 Ben decided to swap his land with James Rouse, who viewed the property as a strategic piece of the rural jigsaw puzzle he was assembling to become his planned city of Columbia. Ben traded his 92-acre portion of the Cedar Lane farm for 504 acres and five houses off Sheppard Lane so Rouse could build Howard County General Hospital. "My in-laws wanted to get further out into the country," Patsy said of Ben and Gertrude Bassler. "They said, 'This is going to be a city and we want to live on a farm.' " One of Ben's brothers, also named Alfred, had two years earlier sold his portion of the farm as the future site of Howard Community College. Patsy and Alfred's 5 acres, which he called Midway Farm, were developed as the site of Hickory Plaza, off Hickory Ridge Road. Alfred finally sold the strip shopping center seven years ago. "Some of the old-time farmers looked down their noses at the city folk," Alfred said, referring to long-time residents who were skeptical of Rouse's plans and their future impact on the county. "We were a hollow dot in the middle of his pie," he said of his father's farm. Knowing that, the Basslers held out for, and got, a better deal than some farmers did, he said. Eventually, Alfred's own opinion of Columbia softened. In 1984, the couple even attended "Before Columbia: An Evening of Nostalgia and Discovery," an event designed by the now-defunct Columbia Forum to bring members of longtime county families face-to-face with new residents of Columbia in order to shed flawed perceptions on either side. "Years later I thought that if the area had to be developed, Jim Rouse did a good job," he said. After moving to Sheppard Lane in May 1970, building a hangar and establishing a grass airstrip on his share of the land were Alfred's top priorities. He left his egg delivery business behind and created a 3,000-foot runway that started at the top of a hill, and opened for business in 1974. "I felt I was doing the county a favor by establishing a public-use airport," he said, adding that some people didn't share that view. Zoning battles played out over the years, but all were resolved. Basslers' love of flying Haysfield was the culmination of a long-held dream for Alfred, going all the way back to his model-airplane-building days in fifth grade. He and Patsy approached running their airport with gusto. The couple joined a chapter of Flying Farmers, whose members flew to each other's farms in the county and on the Eastern shore. In 1978 they also helped establish the Howard County Pilots Association, which boasted a roster of 120 members. Though Alfred was a pilot before he and Patsy became sweethearts, she remained afraid of flying for many years, even after establishing a plane rental company and flight school called Flite Rentals in 1982 with older son, David. With an "if-you-can't-beat-'em-join-'em" mentality, Patsy finally decided to take flying lessons at age 51 to fight her fear and got her license two years later in 1985. "That was the best thing I ever did for myself," she said. "That gave me the confidence to reach for other things." After 9/11, flying became "a lot less fun," Alfred recalled. In response to the 2011 terrorist acts against the U.S., an Air Defense Identification Zone was established in 2003 that covered a 30-nautical-mile radius of the White House, an area encompassing Haysfield. Most pilots didn't want to deal with the additional procedural regulations required to fly in restricted airspace and moved their planes to neighboring airports in Frederick, Westminster and Fort Meade, he said. "But everybody loved this place," Patsy said. "They said it was like coming to the country. Everybody knew everybody and it was like a party every day." Cochran said his guess is that the Basslers will adapt well to the changes and Alfred will continue flying his ultralight, which he described with a chuckle as "a bit like riding in a lawn chair." Craig Kerr, who was a flight instructor at Haysfield from 1982 to 2012, when the airport's closing was imminent, said he recently flew over Hayland Farm but the sight saddened him. "I looked down and thought, 'It doesn't even look like an airport anymore,' " said the Columbia acupuncturist, who taught Patsy and David to fly and still gives lessons. "But that makes its closing a lot less painful to endure." Though Alfred won't be able to take off from his new property in Woodbine, he isn't going to let that small inconvenience stop him from flying. He's already narrowed down his options for parking his planes to two Carroll County airports, either Harrison Farm Airport, in Union Bridge, or Clearview Airpark, in Westminster. "Old guys keep coming back crying about all their Haysfield memories. They're almost worse off than I am," Alfred said, as the couple's last weeks on Hayland Farm tick by. "I could almost cry about the place closing, but I'm not going to let myself sink into that kind of mood." Perhaps Kerr, who is 76 and one of those "old guys," summed it up best: "I consider Haysfield a gift to all of us who have a love of flying and enjoy having pilots around us. "We purposely didn't advertise the airport's location because we wanted it to be Howard County's best-kept secret," he said. "It was just this neat, tucked-away thing that existed, and we owe these two amazing people a debt of gratitude for that." | Low | [
0.5127118644067791,
30.25,
28.75
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The European Union is not going to draw up a single set of rules for internet services like Google, Facebook and Spotify, digital commissioner Andrus Ansip has said. “We had our project team meeting. We agreed very clearly that we will not take this horizontal approach, we will take a problem-driven approach,” Ansip told a dozen journalists in Brussels on Friday (15 April). Student or retired? Then this plan is for you. 'It's absolutely clear that this sharing economy will be our future,' says Ansip (r) (Photo: Council of the European Union) Almost a year ago, the European Commission announced it would analyse the role of “online platforms”, which included “search engines, social media, e-commerce platforms, app stores, price comparison websites”. The Commission said some of those platforms were "competing in many sectors of the economy and the way they use their market power raises a number of issues that warrant further analysis beyond the application of competition law in specific cases”. In other words, case-by-case antitrust investigations might not be enough to regulate large online firms like Facebook and Google, and some additional regulation may be required. But now, Ansip said the assessment was not likely to lead to new legislation. “It is practically impossible to regulate all the platforms with one single solution or regulation,” he said. The Estonian politician also spoke about platforms that facilitate demand and supply between citizens, the so-called sharing economy or collaborative economy, which includes services by companies like Airbnb and Uber. “It's absolutely clear that this sharing economy will be our future. It will stay for a very long period of time,” he noted, adding that some legislation would have to adapt to fit with new technology, while also urging companies that they have to respect the existing rules. But he said the commission needed to do more research to find out if any EU policy response was required beyond publishing guidelines. “Today it's too early to say what we have to do exactly when we are talking about collaborative economy,” he said. Ansip also noted the commission was taking a “step-by-step approach” to end geo-blocking, the practice of shutting out consumers because of where they access a website from. Instead of a single rule that forbids the practice, the commission is instead planning to introduce several bills to end specific types of geo-blocking. In December, it already presented its legislation on data portability – new rules that would give EU citizens the right to access their legally acquired digital content. This would mean you would be able to access the same Netflix series anywhere in the EU as you could at home. To illustrate his opposition to geo-blocking, he loaded a video on his tablet, which showed what geo-blocking would look like if it happened in the physical world, in this case in a bakery. This is about digital content. But the commissioner also wants to end the practice where companies with web shops refuse to sell to citizens based on their geographical location. Ansip said the commission would come up with a proposal that would oblige companies to “sell like at home” - if a physical good is sold online in one EU country, any EU citizen should be able to buy from that company. He added that this principle would apply only to the selling part of the transaction. “An obligation to sell like at home does not mean there will also be an obligation to deliver. We hope private service providers will deal with those issues,” he said. | Mid | [
0.573085846867749,
30.875,
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] |
[Hydroxyethyl starch--a new interesting colloidal plasma volume expander. Anaphylactoid reactions (author's transl)]. Laboratory and clinical experience shows that after i.v. infusion of colloidal plasma volume expanders not only the wanted effect but unwanted side effects are to be expected as well. Besides Dextran and Gelatine, Hydroxyethyl starch is increasingly used. The author deals especially with possible anaphylactoid reactions after application of this new volume expander. | High | [
0.661654135338345,
33,
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Davis, Rich Paul, Lebron James, the Lakers, and even the Pelicans all walked away winners. While the Lakers now feature a top superstar duo in the league, the Pelicans brought in a good return for the all-star center. The Lakers sent a healthy package of Brandon Ingram, Lonzo Ball, Josh Hart, and three 1st round picks. This includes the fourth overall pick in the 2019 NBA draft. A huge plus for the Lakers was their ability to keep forward Kyle Kuzma. Behind James and Davis, he’ll have a chance to become the legitimate third scoring option every title contender needs. With those three players, the Lakers have the initial framework to move to the top of the Western Conference. Especially since many teams above them seem to be crumbling. The Warriors have to make a free agency decision with both Klay Thompson and Kevin Durant. Even if they are somehow able to keep both, they’re both projected to miss most of, if not the whole 2019-2020 season with an injury. The Houston Rockets are facing turmoil with not only their top two players in Chris Paul and James Harden but coach Mike D’Antoni as well. Houston’s inability to reach a contract extension with D’Antoni creates a potential walk year for the offensive wizard coach. In terms of Harden and Paul, multiple sources have reported growing tensions between the two stars. It has even gone as far as Chris Paul being mentioned in trade talks. After the top two teams, things settle down. Teams such as Portland, Utah, Denver and Oklahoma City make up the remaining top competition in the West. With the right pieces around James and Davis, the Lakers should be considered favorites to come out of the West. None of the above teams feature the star talent the Lakers do. After all, come playoffs, stars matter. So the pressure now shifts to Rob Pelinka and Jeanie Buss to fill out the roster. Another year of surrounding Lebron with a bunch of misfits simply won’t get the job done. Los Angeles needs two things to start. Guard play and three-point shooting. The team will enter free agency with a projected $23.7 million at worse, with the potential to have $32 million if a couple of pieces fall into place. All would be affordable role players for the Lakers. Rather than attempting to squeeze all of their money into a max free agent, spreading the money around is the Lakers top option. The team will be squeezed to fill out all their roster needs with the remaining money. However with just James and Davis, not much more is needed. Times have changed in the NBA. The Lakers Purple and Gold appears to be returning to prominence. Welcome to LA Mr. Anthony Davis. Author Profile Joel Ruditsky I am a huge Yankees, New York Giants and Los Angeles Lakers fan. However I have a huge passion for all three sports in general across the MLB, NFL, and NBA. I also cover the Cal State Long Beach Men's Basketball team. | High | [
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Since it first began in 2016, Better Things has been slowly becoming one of the finest comedies on television, but it has always been resolutely un-flashy in its brilliance. Partly that’s because its subject matter is contained and domestic, and because, in a typical episode, not very much appears to happen at all. Pamela Adlon, who writes, directs and stars, has fashioned a gorgeous and loosely autobiographical story about a raspy-voiced single mother, Sam, who is a jobbing actor, and her three daughters, living in Los Angeles. It touches on elements that are at once familiar - ageing, mortality, how women and men relate to one another - and gives them all new powers. The show was created by Adlon and her one-time close friend and collaborator, Louis CK, with whom she shared writing duties. But, as the second season ended, and allegations about CK’s behaviour began to surface, it seemed for a moment as if Better Things could become collateral damage, caught up in the fallout of its association with him. In the aftermath, Adlon severed ties with CK and with the manager they shared, Dave Becky. In an interview with the New Yorker, Adlon said she didn’t know if she could continue with the show, whether her heart was still in it or not. Happily for fans of this beautiful, affecting series, she took some time to work it out, hired new co-writers, and got on with the job. It feels apt, given that the show is so often about Sam having to do just that, whether that is work, or raising her daughters, or looking after her increasingly forgetful mother. She may find any given situation tough, but there is rarely an option of simply giving up. “There is a mountain of mom shit I have to do every day,” she tells her doctor, when he tries to espouse a “let it go” approach to life’s stresses. For her, letting it go is just not possible, but she finds a remarkable amount of warmth in getting by. The third season of Better Things finds it in better shape than it has ever been. The first two episodes are directed and written solely by Adlon, who shares writing duties as the season progresses. As Sam’s eldest daughter Max moves away to college, Sam wonders why she’s putting on weight. Then, there is a brief, terrifying brush with mortality. A lesser show would have made that the focus, or at least drawn it out beyond a few scrappy minutes. But Adlon’s scenes all end where in any traditional series, they might just get going, leaving the impression of snippets of life that ultimately all carry weight of some sort. In one moment there’s a joke about vanity, and getting carded; in another, a near-death experience. Life is busy. Things happen. This has always been a comedy that has dared to try things out. Last season, Sam, feeling underappreciated by her children, staged her own eulogy, so they could talk about how much they loved her. As a concept, that sounds cloying and self-involved, but if Adlon ever dangles her storylines close to those edges, she yanks them right back with a pithy line, or another abrupt end to a scene. Instead, the fake funeral was gentle and moving and hilarious, because Better Things is sentimental without ever being trite, and, by contrast, painful when it should be soothing. Mikey Madison, Pamela Adlon, Olivia Edward, Hannah Alligood and Celia Imrie. Photograph: FX Networks It feels even more unencumbered by propriety or expectations this time, not least in Celia Imrie’s portrayal of Sam’s blunt mother and nextdoor neighbour Phil. Phil’s memory continues to decline and, again, on almost any other show, this drama would be front and centre, but here, it’s around the edges where the stories really happen. Phil neutralises a tense family argument with a well-timed fart: “Oh dear, I’ve made a pong.” When a pair of exes explain their new house-sharing arrangement, she chimes in: “Sounds awfully complicated. In my day we just stayed married and had affairs.” As the more viral corners of the internet know, children swearing unexpectedly can be hilarious. When Duke and Frankie’s bickering becomes unbearable, Sam tells them to let it all out: one minute of open, unmonitored hatred before civility is re-established. Frankie yells grievances about the perfection of her younger sibling, but Duke unleashes a torrent of creative filth that would make Selina Meyer blush. It is one of the funniest moments I’ve seen in a comedy in a very long time. And then, just like that, as the kids do, we move on. Better Things is often discussed as a show that paints an honest and raw portrait of motherhood, and of the complicated relationships between daughters and mothers, at any age. It does that, wonderfully, but there is a newfound confidence that takes it to a different level. Where the show explores the mundane, such as a school activities’ day, or a list of household expenses read from a credit card bill, it also revels in the surreal: Sam’s dead father is a recurring character. This is the charm of Better Things. Just when you think you know what to expect, it takes a different path. | Mid | [
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Water gates are employed in a range of impound docks, marinas and canals in order to protect vessels from the detrimental effects of tides, wind and waves. Similarly such gates are employed within lock mechanisms so as to permit vessels to move up and down from one water level to another within a canal. A further area where water gates are employed is in the construction of flood control barriers. Typically, a number of gates are located across a river estuary and are deployed at times when tide levels rise to such a point that there is a significant danger of flooding of the surrounding area. In order for existing flood control barriers designs to provide the necessary protection their construction requires substantial civil engineering work that includes the installation of concrete caissons. A good example of such a flood control barrier is the Thames Barrier. Such structures are therefore extremely expensive and their installation can seriously disturb the habitat of the sub-sea life forms and the surrounding environment. The Prior Art teaches of Mitre, Sector, Radial and Flap style water gates employed for the aforementioned purposes. These all comprise steel core structures with various means for providing the required watertight seal. However, for various reasons these gate designs are prone to leakage. In the UK alone 73% of ports that employ Mitre gates exhibit substantial levels of leakage. Such leaks cost time and the associated water losses can render the port unattractive and ultimately inoperable. Replacement gates cost in the region of .English Pound.800,000 and have a lifetime of about 30 to 50 years. However, Mitre gates require major maintenance work every 10 to 15 years that typically incurs costs of .English Pound.200,000. In addition the effects of global warming are reducing the efficiency of Mitre gates due to increases in the associated water levels. These gates depend upon hydraulic pressure that results from the difference in the water levels from the upper side and lower side of the Mitre gate. Such increased water levels act to reduce this difference hence reducing the gate efficiency. A second disadvantage of such gate designs is the fact that they employ hardwoods in order to provide the required watertight seals. These woods are expensive due to their limited supply and so a more environmentally friendly solution would be preferable. Presently, Sector gates are the preferred option for replacing Mitre Gates. Although the gates themselves offer an economical alternative to the Mitre Gate they require extensive civil engineering work to be carried out to provide the required Sector gate recesses. Such civil engineering is both time consuming and expensive incurring costs of several millions of pounds. | Mid | [
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Q: Can compression algorithm "learn" on set of files and compress them better? Is there compression library that support "learning" on some set of files or using some files as base for compressing other files? This can be useful if we want to compress many similar files retaining fast access to each of them. Something like: # compression: compressor.learn_on_data(standard_data); compressor.compresss(data, data_compressed); # decompression: decompressor.learn_on_data(the_same_standard_data); decompressor.decompress(data_compressed, data); How is it called (I think that "delta compression" is a bit other thing)? Are there implementations of this in popular compression libraries? I expect it to work by, for example, pre-filling dictionaries with standard data. A: Yes it works. Although there are many techniques for this, the easiest one you'll find is called "dictionary pre-filling". In short, you are providing a file, from which the latest part is "digested" (up to the maximum window size, which can be anywhere from 4K to 64MB depending on your algorithm), and can therefore be used to better compress the next file. In practice, this is similar to "solid mode", when within an archive all files of identical type are grouped together, so that the previous file can be used as a dictionary for the next one, which improves compression ratio. Downside : the same dictionary must be provided for both the compressor and decompressor. | Mid | [
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Metroid, an action-adventure video game designed for the Nintendo in 1986. At first glance, they're not an obvious pairing. But in 8-Bit Philosophy, a web series that explains philosophical concepts by way of vintage video games, things kind of hang together. Gamers remember Metroid for being the first video game to feature a strong female protagonist, a character who blew apart existing female stereotypes, kicked some alien butt, and created new possibilities for women in the video gaming space. And that lets Metroid set the stage for talking about the intellectual contributions of Simone de Beauvoir, who, back in the late 1940s, gave us new ways of thinking about gender and gender-based hierarchies in our societies. Would you like to support the mission of Open Culture? Please consider making a donation to our site. It's hard to rely 100% on ads, and your contributions will help us continue providing the best free cultural and educational materials to learners everywhere. FREE UPDATES! GET OUR DAILY EMAIL Get the best cultural and educational resources on the web curated for you in a daily email. We never spam. Unsubscribe at any time. FOLLOW ON SOCIAL MEDIA About Us Open Culture scours the web for the best educational media. We find the free courses and audio books you need, the language lessons & educational videos you want, and plenty of enlightenment in between. | Mid | [
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Crystal structure of the interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. The biological effects of the ISG15 protein arise in part from its conjugation to cellular targets as a primary response to interferon-alpha/beta induction and other markers of viral or parasitic infection. Recombinant full-length ISG15 has been produced for the first time in high yield by mutating Cys78 to stabilize the protein and by cloning in a C-terminal arginine cap to protect the C terminus against proteolytic inactivation. The cap is subsequently removed with carboxypeptidase B to yield mature biologically active ISG15 capable of stoichiometric ATP-dependent thiolester formation with its human UbE1L activating enzyme. The three-dimensional structure of recombinant ISG15C78S was determined at 2.4-A resolution. The ISG15 structure comprises two beta-grasp folds having main chain root mean square deviation (r.m.s.d.) values from ubiquitin of 1.7 A (N-terminal) and 1.0 A (C-terminal). The beta-grasp domains pack across two conserved 3(10) helices to bury 627 A2 that accounts for 7% of the total solvent-accessible surface area. The distribution of ISG15 surface charge forms a ridge of negative charge extending nearly the full-length of the molecule. Additionally, the N-terminal domain contains an apolar region comprising almost half its solvent accessible surface. The C-terminal domain of ISG15 was superimposed on the structure of Nedd8 (r.m.s.d. = 0.84 A) bound to its AppBp1-Uba3 activating enzyme to model ISG15 binding to UbE1L. The docking model predicts several key side-chain interactions that presumably define the specificity between the ubiquitin and ISG15 ligation pathways to maintain functional integrity of their signaling. | High | [
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United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit F I L E D REVISED NOVEMBER 3, 2005 October 12, 2005 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT Charles R. Fulbruge III Clerk No. 05-20145 Summary Calendar In the Matter Of: BOBBY CAHILL; JANICE CAHILL Debtors ______________________________ WALKER & PATTERSON, P.C. Appellant Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas Before KING, Chief Judge, and DAVIS and STEWART, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Appellant law firm Walker & Patterson, P.C., represented debtors Bobby and Janice Cahill in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceeding. Walker & Patterson now appeals the district court’s order affirming the bankruptcy court’s award of reduced attorneys’ fees in that proceeding. For the following reasons, we AFFIRM. I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND On September 11, 2003, Walker & Patterson filed a Chapter 13 case on behalf of Bobby and Janice Cahill in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas. Walker & Patterson initially filed with the petition a Chapter 13 plan proposing sixty monthly payments of $226.34 to the trustee to pay three secured claims, two Internal Revenue Service priority claims, and $2500 of attorneys’ fees.1 The plan also allotted $382.53 to unsecured creditors (roughly a one-percent payment of the unsecured claims) and proposed that the Cahills continue to make monthly payments on their mobile home and on a fishing boat used purely for recreational purposes. After responding to motions from various creditors and moving to postpone the confirmation hearing, Walker & Patterson filed an amended plan that, among other things, increased the balance of attorneys’ fees to be paid under the plan to $3000. After the bankruptcy court confirmed the Cahills’ amended Chapter 13 plan, Walker & Patterson filed a fee application together with contemporaneous time records. According to the time records, Walker & Patterson spent 13.20 attorney hours on the case, 2.05 paralegal hours, and $12.33 in out-of-pocket expenses. Based on its hourly rates, Walker & Patterson claimed a total amount of $3758.08. Although no objection was filed to the fee request, the bankruptcy court sua sponte entered an order for a hearing on the 1 Because Walker & Patterson had already accepted $500 in compensation from the Cahills, $2500 represented the “balance due” on a fee totaling $3000. -2- request. After the hearing, the bankruptcy court found that Walker & Patterson’s initial fee request was unreasonably high given that “[t]here was nothing terribly unusual about the case,” and, “[i]f anything, the case appear[ed] to involve less activity than most.” In re Cahill, Order Allowing Fees for Debtors’ Counsel, No. 03-43024-H2-13, at 2 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. Sept. 19, 2004). Applying the criteria for “reasonable compensation” enumerated in 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(3) (2000) and the factors set forth in Johnson v. Georgia Highway Express, Inc., 488 F.2d 714, 717-19 (5th Cir. 1974), the bankruptcy court awarded Walker & Patterson $17372 in attorneys’ fees plus $12.33 in expenses based on the following findings: (1) the time spent by Walker & Patterson greatly exceeded that spent by other counsel in a typical Chapter 13 case, and in some cases Walker & Patterson’s attorneys duplicated each other’s efforts; (2) the rates that Walker & Patterson charged exceeded the reasonable and customary hourly rate for Chapter 13 practitioners in the area; (3) Walker & Patterson performed unnecessary work pertaining to the payment of a secured claim to keep a boat used solely for recreational purposes; (4) Walker & Patterson did not adequately prepare the case for the first confirmation hearing and did not perform its 2 This amount includes the $500 that Walker & Patterson received previously; thus, the actual amount outstanding was $1237. -3- services in a particularly timely manner; (5) the proposed fee amount substantially exceeded the customary compensation for comparably skilled non-bankruptcy practitioners, and no adequate basis for a premium was shown; (6) the case was less novel, less complicated, and less undesirable than most; (7) the fee was not contingent; (8) neither the case nor the client imposed exceptional time constraints; (9) the attorney-client relationship was not a factor in this case; and (10) the typical attorneys’ fee award in similar cases totaled $1737. The bankruptcy court determined that, given the totality of these findings, $1737 was a reasonable fee for a “typical” Chapter 13 proceeding such as this one. The bankruptcy court made this determination relying on the lodestar calculation in General Order 2004-5, “Order Regarding Chapter 13 Debtors’ Counsel’s Fees,” U.S. Bankr. Ct. Rules S.D. Tex., 427-36 (as entered Apr. 14, 2004) (West 2005), a per curiam order setting forth standards to guide bankruptcy courts in awarding Chapter 13 attorneys’ fees in “typical” cases.3 Walker & Patterson appealed the bankruptcy court’s award of fees to the district court, contending that the bankruptcy court erred by relying on the General Order 2004-5 “typical case” 3 General Order 2004-5 was authored by Judge Isgur and signed by all of the bankruptcy judges in the Southern District of Texas. The Order reflects that in signing the Order, all of the bankruptcy judges adopted the procedures, but not necessarily the reasoning, set forth therein. General Order 2004-5 at 427, fn.1. -4- lodestar calculation to determine the total fee awarded instead of using the traditional lodestar approach, and that Walker & Patterson should have received the full amount requested in its fee application. The district court affirmed the bankruptcy court’s fee award. This appeal followed. II. DISCUSSION A. Standards of Review We review the district court’s decision by applying the same standard of review to the bankruptcy court’s conclusions of law and findings of fact that the district court applied. In re Jack/Wade Drilling, Inc., 258 F.3d 385, 387 (5th Cir. 2001). We therefore review the bankruptcy court’s award of attorneys’ fees for abuse of discretion. In re Coho Energy, Inc., 395 F.3d 198, 204 (5th Cir. 2004); In re Barron, 325 F.3d 690, 692 (5th Cir. 2003). An abuse of discretion occurs where the bankruptcy court (1) applies an improper legal standard or follows improper procedures in calculating the fee award, or (2) rests its decision on findings of fact that are clearly erroneous. In re Evangeline Refining Co., 890 F.2d 1312, 1325 (5th Cir. 1989). Accordingly, we review the bankruptcy court’s legal conclusions de novo and its findings of fact for clear error. Coho Energy, 395 F.3d at 204; Barron, 325 F.3d at 692. B. Analysis -5- Walker & Patterson argues that the district court erred by: (1) affirming the bankruptcy court’s use of a “typical case” lodestar calculation as provided in General Order 2004-5 rather than a traditional lodestar calculation for analyzing its fee request under 11 U.S.C. § 330; (2) affirming the factual finding that Walker & Patterson’s attorneys duplicated each other’s efforts in preparing the case, a factor which justified a reduction of the fee request; and (3) affirming the factual finding that Walker & Patterson had not adequately prepared the case for confirmation. We consider each of these arguments in turn. 1. Calculation of Attorneys’ Fees Section 330 of the Bankruptcy Code gives bankruptcy courts discretion to award reasonable compensation to debtors’ attorneys in bankruptcy cases. 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(1)(A). This authority includes the discretion, upon motion or sua sponte, to “award compensation that is less than the amount requested.” Id. § 330(a)(2). Section 330(a)(3) further directs courts to “consider the nature, the extent, and the value of” the legal services provided when determining the amount of reasonable compensation to award, taking into account “all relevant factors,” including, but not limited to: (A) the time spent on such services; (B) the rates charged for such services; (C) whether the services were necessary to the administration of, or beneficial at the time at which -6- the service was rendered toward the completion of, a case under this title; (D) whether the services were performed within a reasonable amount of time commensurate with the complexity, importance, and nature of the problem, issue, or task addressed; and (E) whether the compensation is reasonable based on the customary compensation charged by comparably skilled practitioners in cases other than cases under this title. Id. § 330(a)(3). The Fifth Circuit has traditionally used the lodestar method to calculate “reasonable” attorneys’ fees under § 330. In re Fender, 12 F.3d 480, 487 (5th Cir. 1994). A court computes the lodestar by multiplying the number of hours an attorney would reasonably spend for the same type of work by the prevailing hourly rate in the community. Shipes v. Trinity Indus., 987 F.2d 311, 319 (5th Cir. 1993). A court then may adjust the lodestar up or down based on the factors contained in § 330 and its consideration of the twelve factors listed in Johnson, 488 F.2d at 717-19.4 See Fender, 12 F.3d at 487. While the bankruptcy 4 The Johnson factors are as follows: (1) the time and labor required; (2) the novelty and difficulty of the questions; (3) the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly; (4) the preclusion of other employment by the attorney due to acceptance of the case; (5) the customary fee; (6) whether the fee is fixed or contingent; (7) time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances; (8) the amount involved and the results obtained; -7- court has considerable discretion in applying these factors, In re First Colonial Corp. of America, 544 F.2d 1291, 1298 (5th Cir. 1977), it must explain the weight given to each factor that it considers and how each factor affects its award. Fender, 12 F.3d at 487; Evangeline Refining Co., 890 F.2d at 1327-28 (“If a court awards fees but fails to explain why compensation was awarded at the level it was given, it is difficult, if not impossible, for an appellate court to engage in meaningful review of a fee award.”). We find nothing improper in the bankruptcy court’s use of the precalculated lodestar amount contained in General Order 2004-5 in this case. General Order 2004-5 attempts to clarify and streamline bankruptcy courts’ review of Chapter 13 attorneys’ fee applications, addressing the need for both efficiency and flexibility in handling the large number of Chapter 13 cases that bankruptcy courts in the Southern District of Texas review each year.5 General Order 2004-5 at 427; cf. Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 437 (1983) (noting that “[a] request for attorneys’ (9) the experience, reputation and ability of the attorneys; (10) the “undesirability” of the case; (11) the nature and length of the professional relationship with the client; and (12) awards in similar cases. Johnson, 488 F.2d at 719. 5 General Order 2004-5 indicates that approximately 26,000 Chapter 13 cases are currently pending before bankruptcy courts in the Southern District of Texas, and approximately 12,000 more will be filed in the next year. General Order 2004-5 at 427. -8- fees should not result in a second major litigation.”). To this end, General Order 2004-5 provides bankruptcy courts with reasonable attorney time estimates for completing a “typical” Chapter 13 case and customary rates for Chapter 13 services in the Southern District of Texas, which, when multiplied together, yield a typical lodestar amount of $1737.6 General Order 2004-5 at 433. This precalculated lodestar aids bankruptcy courts in disposing of run-of-the-mill Chapter 13 fee applications expeditiously and uniformly, obviating the need for bankruptcy courts to make the same findings of fact regarding reasonable attorney time expenditures and rates in typical cases for each fee application that they review. General Order 2004-5 nevertheless anticipates that bankruptcy courts evaluating traditional fee applications will continue to analyze and adjust fee applications on a case-by-case 6 According to General Order 2004-5, the time typically spent on a Chapter 13 case is 5.7 attorney hours and 5.3 paralegal hours; the reasonable and customary rates are $235 per hour for attorneys and $75 per hour for paralegals. General Order 2004-5 at 433. Walker & Patterson argues that the bankruptcy court’s reliance on these factual findings in General Order 2004-5 was improper because “General Order 2004-5 makes significant factual findings without the benefit of an evidentiary hearing, open forum discussion or public comment.” Appellant’s Br. at 10. This argument is without merit because Walker & Patterson was afforded an evidentiary hearing on its fee request in which the bankruptcy court, while incorporating General Order 2004-5 into its analysis, considered and ruled on the disputed factual issues specific to Walker & Patterson’s claim. See In re United States Golf Corp., 639 F.2d 1197, 1202 (5th Cir. 1981) (requiring the bankruptcy court to hold an evidentiary hearing on an attorneys’ fee request if there are disputed factual issues). -9- basis using the lodestar analysis and flexible Johnson factors, ensuring that the lodestar amount in an atypical case will be adjusted to reflect the specifics of that case.7 Id. at 2. This approach strikes the proper balance between the need for efficient disposal of attorneys’ fee applications and the need for a flexible approach that provides for adjustment of the lodestar when necessary.8 In this case, the bankruptcy court did not abuse its 7 The majority of General Order 2004-5 consists of a discussion of the preapproval of reasonable fixed fee amounts in “typical” cases, using the lodestar calculation of $1737 and applying the § 330 and Johnson factors to determine a range of acceptable fixed fees that courts may preapprove with minimal scrutiny. We decline to address this portion of General Order 2004-5 because the fee arrangement in this case was not fixed. 8 Walker & Patterson suggests that the Sixth Circuit has rejected this line of reasoning in In re Boddy, 950 F.2d 334 (6th Cir. 1991), in holding that the bankruptcy court in that case abused its discretion by awarding a predetermined maximum attorneys’ fee amount for “normal and customary” legal services instead of adhering to the traditional lodestar method. That case is easily distinguished from the instant case, however, because the bankruptcy court in Boddy mechanically awarded the predetermined maximum fee without conducting any further analysis to determine whether the case was “normal and customary” or whether an adjustment of the fee amount was appropriate. Id. at 337. Consistent with our analysis in this case, the Sixth Circuit explained: [W]e do not hold that the bankruptcy court can never consider the “normal and customary” services rendered in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. The court can legitimately take into account the typical compensation that is adequate for attorneys’ fees in Chapter 13 cases, as long as it expressly discusses these factors in light of the reasonable hours actually worked and a reasonable hourly rate. Id. at 338. -10- discretion by using the precalculated lodestar amount to determine Walker & Patterson’s fee award because it properly applied the § 330 and Johnson factors to the specific facts of the case, setting forth a reasoned analysis and providing reasons why the lodestar amount did not need to be adjusted. See In re Evangeline Refining Co., 890 F.2d at 1327-28 (emphasizing that a bankruptcy court must explain its reasons for its award of attorneys’ fees). Moreover, the bankruptcy court did not give the General Order lodestar calculation a disproportionate amount of weight in its analysis as Walker & Patterson suggests: Its findings that Walker & Patterson’s attorneys spent an unreasonable amount of time on the case, duplicated each other’s efforts, performed unnecessary work, were unprepared for the confirmation hearing, and were handling a case that presented no novel or complex issues support its conclusion that this case did not warrant an upward adjustment of the lodestar amount under § 330 or Johnson. Compare In re United States Golf Corp., 639 F.2d 1197, 1199 (5th Cir. 1981) (holding that the bankruptcy court abused its discretion by applying a predetermined “maximum limit” to reduce the requested amount of attorneys’ fees “despite the favorable findings [it] had made of the Johnson factors”). 2. Factual Finding of Duplication of Effort Walker & Patterson next argues that the bankruptcy court erred in finding that Walker & Patterson’s attorneys duplicated -11- each other’s efforts in their preparation of the Chapter 13 case, a factor that affected the bankruptcy court’s lodestar analysis. Because we review the bankruptcy court’s findings of fact for clear error, we will defer to a bankruptcy court’s factual findings unless, after reviewing all of the evidence, “we are left with a ‘firm and definite conviction’ that the bankruptcy court made a mistake.” In re Bradley, 960 F.2d 502, 507 (5th Cir. 1992) (quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 365 (1948)). After reviewing the billing records in this case, the bankruptcy court found evidence that the attorneys had worked on overlapping pieces of the case and spent excess time bringing each other up to speed on tasks begun by the other. Additionally, the bankruptcy court found some indication that the billing records may not have been contemporaneous and correct. After our review of the record, nothing leaves us with a “‘firm and definite conviction’ that the bankruptcy court made a mistake” in making these factual findings. Id.; see also In re Young, 995 F.2d 547, 549 (5th Cir. 1993) (deferring to the bankruptcy court’s findings of fact in the absence of evidence of clear error). 3. Factual Finding of Inadequacy of Preparation Finally, Walker & Patterson challenges the bankruptcy court’s finding that Walker & Patterson failed to prepare the case adequately for the first confirmation hearing. In light of -12- our deferential standard of review, we also decline to disturb this finding of fact. The bankruptcy court is in a better position to make this factual determination than we are, particularly because it presided over the Chapter 13 proceeding and confirmation hearing at issue. See United States Golf Corp., 639 F.2d at 1207-08 (recognizing “the importance of the bankruptcy judge’s closeness to the issues raised in an application for attorneys’ fees; the bankruptcy judge has not only presided over the evidentiary hearing, but also had the opportunity to observe the performance of the attorney throughout his employment in the bankruptcy court.”). According to the bankruptcy court, Walker & Patterson moved to postpone the first confirmation hearing because it was unprepared, and throughout the case it provided services that were “minimally timely to avoid dismissal of the case for delay prejudicial to creditors.” Cahill, Order Allowing Fees for Debtors’ Counsel at 5. Given the bankruptcy court’s superior position to make this determination and because nothing in the record leads us to believe that this finding was clearly erroneous, we will not reverse it. See In re Acosta, 406 F.3d 367, 373 (5th Cir. 2005) (“If the bankruptcy court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record viewed as a whole, we will not reverse it.”). III. CONCLUSION -13- For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court. -14- | Mid | [
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A monoclonal antibody (SN1) identifies a subpopulation of avian sensory neurons whose distribution is correlated with axial level. We have produced a monoclonal antibody, designated SN1, which binds to the surfaces of a subpopulation of avian sensory neurons, but not to other neurons of the peripheral or central nervous systems. The proportion of SN1(+) neurons in brachial and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which innervate the wings and legs respectively, is low (30-40%), compared to the proportion (80-90%) in the lower thoracic DRG. SN1 immunoreactive fibers project to laminae I and II of the spinal cord dorsal horn, and are seen in the skin, but not the deeper tissues of older embryos. On the basis of the time of appearance, axial level-dependent distribution, and the central and peripheral projections of SN1(+) neurons, we suggest that they are cutaneous afferents that depend on interaction with peripheral targets to differentiate. | Mid | [
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Q: How to avoid text in anchor tag is javascript Text of anchor tag is dynamic data. If it's javascript, button,... I don't want javascript... work, only display it is text. How to do it. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <a id="myAnchor" href="#" readonly="readonly">data</a> </body> </html> Ex: data is <a id="myAnchor" href="#"onclick="return false;"><script>alert("aaaa")</script></a> A: here is the demo ` <a id="myAnchor" href="#"onclick="return false;"><xmp> <script>alert("aaaa")</script> </xmp></a> ` | Low | [
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import numpy Tlist = numpy.arange(300.0, 2201.0, 100.0, numpy.float64) Plist = numpy.zeros((len(Tlist),5), numpy.float64) # 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 # m = 27 Plist[:,0] = numpy.array([-1.1, -0.9, -0.6, -0.4, -0.2, 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1], numpy.float64) # m = 39 Plist[:,1] = numpy.array([-1.6, -1.4, -1.2, -1.0, -0.7, -0.4, -0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9, 3.0], numpy.float64) # m = 60 Plist[:,2] = numpy.array([-2.2, -2.0, -1.8, -1.5, -1.2, -0.9, -0.6, -0.3, 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.6, 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9], numpy.float64) # m = 102 Plist[:,3] = numpy.array([-2.9, -2.7, -2.4, -2.1, -1.8, -1.4, -1.0, -0.6, -0.2, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8], numpy.float64) # m = 1000 Plist[:,4] = numpy.array([-4.1, -3.8, -3.5, -3.1, -2.7, -2.2, -1.7, -1.2, -0.8, -0.4, 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6], numpy.float64) poly = numpy.polyfit(Tlist, Plist, deg=4) Tlist2 = numpy.arange(300.0, 2201.0, 10.0, numpy.float64) Plist2 = numpy.zeros((len(Tlist2),5), numpy.float64) for i in range(5): Plist2[:,i] = numpy.polyval(poly[:,i], Tlist2) Plist = 10**Plist * 101325 Plist2 = 10**Plist2 * 101325 import pylab fig = pylab.figure(figsize=(6,5)) ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1) linespec = ['-b', '-g', '-r', '-m', '-k'] for i in range(5): pylab.semilogy(Tlist2, Plist2[:,i] / 1e5, linespec[i]) pylab.xlim(300, 2200) pylab.ylim(1e-5, 1e4) pylab.xlabel('Temperature (K)') pylab.ylabel('Pressure (bar)') import matplotlib.ticker ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator(base=500.0)) ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator(base=100.0)) fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.14, bottom=0.12, right=0.95, top=0.95, wspace=0.20, hspace=0.20) pylab.annotate('m = 27', xy=(Tlist2[60],Plist2[60,0] / 1e5), xytext=(500,1e1), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='b'), color='b') pylab.annotate('m = 39', xy=(Tlist2[100],Plist2[100,1] / 1e5), xytext=(1000,1e2), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='g'), color='g') pylab.annotate('m = 60', xy=(Tlist2[120],Plist2[120,2] / 1e5), xytext=(1500,1e0), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='r'), color='r') pylab.annotate('m = 102', xy=(Tlist2[80],Plist2[80,3] / 1e5), xytext=(1000,1e-2), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='m'), color='m') pylab.annotate('m = 1000', xy=(Tlist2[40],Plist2[40,4] / 1e5), xytext=(500,1e-4), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='k'), color='k') pylab.savefig('switchover_pressure.pdf') pylab.savefig('switchover_pressure.png') pylab.show() | Low | [
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Showing 1-96 of 534 items Full line of cross-stitch supplies with hand-dyed threads. Also available are "affordable luxury soaps," lotions and beauty accessories made in Oregon, Illinois. In addition, Longaberger baskets, antiques and more are sold. Located in Conover Square Mall. This comedy follows the formation of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League during the 1940s, at the start of World War II. All of the movie's scenes on the train and at the railroad depot were shot at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, home to more than 250 restored electric, steam and diesel trains. The Nebraska Zephyr passenger train seen in the film is part of the museum's permanent collection. Located at the Byron Museum of History, this exhibit features Hall of Fame baseball pitcher Albert Spalding, from his youth in Byron to his league pitching career and the founding of the Spalding Sporting Goods Company. In the heart of the up-and-coming 500 block, Abreo has become known as downtown's premiere restaurant and nightspot. Housed in vintage 1888 architecture, the atmosphere is uniquely its own. From its cozy wine bar with a beautiful stone fireplace, its whimsical dining room, its peaceful garden patio, to its intimate wine cellar, Abreo is an experience for all of the senses. Considered a "must play" course in the Midwest, Aldeen has an impressive list of accolades, including being voted best municipal course in Illinois by Golf Digest, and ranking number 38 in Golf Magazine's Thrifty 50 list. The 52-acre adventure park and golf center features year-round activities for all ages. If you are looking for a daring zipline escape for you, your friends or family, Zip Rockford provides an experience you will not forget. The Snow Park at Alpine Hills offers mountains of fun in the heart of the city! This 5-acre snow park is divided into separate tubing and terrain park (snowboarding) sections designed to accommodate riders of all abilities. The First Tee of Greater Rockford provides educational programs that build character, instill life-enhancing values and promote healthy choices through the game of golf. With the most competitive rates in town and newly renovated rooms, Alpine Inn offers the best in clean, affordable comfort. Each room has been upgraded with new flooring and granite countertops, refrigerator and microwave, beautiful furniture, and much more. Providing free high-speed wireless internet, continental breakfast, and the friendliest staff; whether staying on business or leisure, you are guaranteed to feel at home. Conveniently located on the Miracle Mile in the heart of Rockford at E. State Street and Alpine Road. Welcome to the Americas Best Value Inn of Belvidere, IL. We are located in north central Illinois. Our newly renovated exterior access facility offers 44 guest rooms and 2 efficiencies. All guest rooms and efficiencies are furnished with complimentary wireless high-speed Internet access, cable TV, complimentary local calls, and wake-up service. Our efficiencies also feature a kitchenette with a stove. For your convenience, we offer fax and copy service at our 24-hour front desk and complimentary wireless Internet access in our 24-hour lobby. Take a moment to enjoy our complimentary continental breakfast served every morning and our picnic area. Come experience the value of staying at Americas Best Value Inn Belvidere/Rockford. Anderson Japanese Gardens has been named one of the highest quality Japanese gardens in North America by Sukiya Living Magazine since 2004. Inspired by calm and tranquility, this 12 acre award winning landscape is comprised of koi-filled ponds, winding paths, gentle streams, cascading waterfalls, raked gravel gardens, beautifully trained pines, and more. Master craftsmanship and 16th century traditional architecture is found throughout the garden. Angela's Attic is located in a 35,000 square foot historic factory that has been converted into five large buildings of antiques and collectibles, including one-of-a-kind antiques from Victorian to modern era, furniture, toys, jewelry, textiles, collectibles, ephemera, glassware and more. We offer public and custom programs for children, adults, and families on our beautiful, organic farm to help build the local food system. Whether its a day camp or a cheese making workshop, participants gain hands-on experience preparing farm-fresh food, from field to table, while learning about organic agriculture and the whole farm system in the process. The Learning Center also offers farmer training and support to beginning farmers and facilitates youth-led urban agriculture projects in Chicago and Rockford. Come see the area's largest selection of top-quality plants, including annuals, perennials, hanging baskets, vegetable plants, and shrubs. Farm animals and exotic birds. Unique plants not found in other garden centers. A name that stands for quality! With so many flavors of frozen yogurt and over 70 toppings your options are endless. Whether you prefer tart and tangy flavors, dairy-free sorbets, non-fat, low-fat or no-sugar-added varieties, you’ll agree it’s almost like eating premium ice cream. Their frozen yogurt is packed with live and active cultures so it's great for your immune system and digestive system health too! And they are the only frozen yogurt shop that has Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory candy pieces! The 18-hole "Atwood Homestead" course at the Atwood Homestead Golf Course facility in Rockford, Illinois features 7,470 yards of golf from the longest tees for a par of 72 . The course rating is 74.3 and it has a slope rating of 120 on Blue grass. Designed by Charles Maddox, the Atwood Homestead golf course opened in 1971. The memorials here are a tribute to veterans of the Vietnam War, Korean War, Gulf War and World War II. The war memorials are the only ones built in the U.S. by youth, constructed by Boy Scouts of Troop 312 Rochelle as Eagle Projects. Enjoy a free concert by the critically acclaimed Avalon String Quartet where they will be playing Dutilleux: Ainsi La Nuit, for String Quartet & Beethoven String Quartet No. 15 in A minor, Op. 132. The Avalon is quartet-in-residence at the Northern Illinois University School of Music, a position formerly held by the Vermeer Quartet. Formerly “Chesapeake bagel Bakery”, located next to Walgreens in downtown DeKalb, with a newly renovated, cozy dining room, Barb City Bagels has redefined the cafe bakery experience with free wifi and a fireplace to make you feel at home. Come check us out! Feel right at home when you stay at the Dekalb hotel. They offer an inviting atmosphere and friendly service, and their comfortable hotel rooms help you get plenty of rest. Stay connected to home and the office with free Wi-Fi Internet access throughout their hotel. Keep up your workout routine in their gym, and enjoy a refreshing swim in the indoor heated pool. Free continental breakfast awaits you each morning in our Baymont Breakfast Corner, and kids 17 and under stay free with an adult at our pet-friendly hotel. Amenities include: Fitness Center, Indoor Pool, Free Continental Breakfast, Handicapped Accessible, Pet Friendly, Wi-Fi Access, Business Center Whether your stay is for business or leisure, our guests can enjoy Rockford with our hotel’s close proximity to area businesses and popular attractions. Guests enjoy our heated indoor pool and spa, fitness room, and complimentary enhanced breakfast at the Baymont Breakfast Corner which includes Belgium Waffles. Relax and take away the stress of the day in our pillow top mattresses. We offer contemporary rooms with the option to upgrade to a suite or Jacuzzi room. Our entire hotel has wireless internet access and several hardwire locations. We are pet friendly. Becky Beck’s Jewelry Store has been serving the DeKalb, Il area since 1992. Owner-operated, Becky and her expert staff are committed to providing their clients a comfortable, enjoyable jewelry buying experience, guided by a professional, knowledgeable Associate. Community Farmer's' Market. Due to their commitment to quality and freshness, not all products are available all year round. The farmers bring only their produce to market in their freshest state so not all selections are in stock every week. The Market does its best to ensure seasonal produce is abundantly available during harvest time. Open seasonally June through October. The Belvidere Park District spans stretches of the Kishwaukee River and Mill Race. It's a great place for fishing, biking and playing tennis, and includes a playground, picnic shelters, pool, swinging bridge and the historic Baltic Mill. Get all your party supplies here! We rent just about everything, from blow-up obstacle courses, to tables and chairs, to wedding trellises. We also carry all sorts of tools and machinery to suit your needs. Welcome to the Best Western Legacy Inn & Suites of South Beloit. After a good night's sleep on our pillow top mattresses, start off your day with our deluxe continental breakfast, which includes fresh waffles, fruit, cereal, breads and more. For our business travelers we also have free local phone calls, free faxes, and copy services, as well as a full service meeting room. During the rest of your stay relax by the indoor pool and whirlpool or kick back in one of out 67 spacious guest rooms that include free cable including HBO, in-room coffee, hairdryer, microwave, and refrigerator. At Eagle's Nest Bluff in Lowden State Park, proudly stands a 48-foot statue of a Native American quietly revering the beauty of the River Rock Valley below. Commonly called Black Hawk, after the legendary Chieftain, the statue was created as a tribute to all the Native Americans who once called the area their home. Blackhawk Farms Raceway challenges both amateur, as well as, professional drivers. They have everything from autocross and driver’s schools, to wheel-to wheel racing. They have a variety of participating car, motorcycle, bicycle & kart organizations such as SCCA, Midwestern Council, River Valley Kart Club, Championship Cup Series, Porsche Club of America Chicago Region, Burnham Racing and Xtreme Xperience to name but a few. Spectators are always welcome. Hospitality abounds! Nestled along the beautiful Rock River, this cozy six-guestroom lodge offers a wonderful all-season porch with fireplace. Perfect for your next group retreat. Offering breakfast buffet for groups. Close to many attractions. Guest are welcome to use our private boat ramp. Or just relax and fish from our quiet river bank, or in a hammock at the river's edge. At Becky & Don's small but quaint lodge, it's all about relaxation and "Old Time Hospitality". Visit us on our FUN Web site for more information. Pets welcomed. Open year round. The lush bentgrass fairways and greens of Blackstone Golf Club meander through some of the most distinctive natural landscape of any course in the Chicagoland area. And although it can stretch out to a total of 6,727 yards, Blackstone features 4 sets of tees to suit golfers of all skill levels and plays to a very manageable 4,893 yards at its shortest. Blue Moon Bikes is a full service bicycle shop specializing in: new and classic bicycles, antique bikes, parts, bike restoration and repair, as well as trading and buying old bikes. Blue Moon Bikes is run by a group of bicycle specialists. Blue Moon Bikes owner Rod Griffis has been an antique bicycle collector for more than a decade. He actively collects antique bikes, and Schwinn Sting-rays are his specialty. Rod's collection is world renowned for its completeness and authenticity. His extensive collection features Schwinn Sting-Rays from 1963 through the 1980's. Our retail gardens and shop have become a gardener's lush retreat of two city blocks tucked away in the historic industrial district and neighborhood of beautiful Sycamore. Ponds, statuary, plants and other garden necessities. Seasonal operation. Our Garden Room and Courtyard have become a popular destination for outdoor wedding ceremonies, indoor receptions, birthday parties, family gatherings and community events. The urban ambience of Blumen Gardens’ event rental space is truly one-of-a-kind for the surrounding towns. Rockford's downtown arena hosts a variety of world-class entertainment, including concerts, circuses, rodeos and family shows. The BMO Harris Bank Center is also home to the Rockford IceHogs, the American Hockey League affiliate of the Chicago Blackhawks. The quaint shop opened in the fall of 2001, selling pumpkins and barn wood crafts. Antiques and crafts, from furniture and home decor to primitives, tools and vintage farm equipment -- there's a wide assortment to choose from. Surrounded by the Lowden-Miller State Forest, the Boeger Lodge is a year-round facility with multiple modern conveniences just right for your next business meeting, seminar, or residential retreat. When you book a retreat at the Boeger Lodge, you will find a large meeting room for up to 100 people. Flexible meeting space with modern AV equipment. Full wireless access. On-site sleeping accommodations for up to 42 people. Book Stall has 12,000 books on history, local history, military, cooking, art, antiques, poetry, fiction, technology, natural history, along with first editions, hard-to-find and antiquarian books. Find larger holdings in military, technology and religion. Book Stall also has a large booth in the East State Antique Mall. The Boone County Conservation District manages over 3,00 acres of prairies, woodlands and wetlands in scenic Boone County, Illinois. Minimum impact recreational opportunities, special events and educational programs are offered to the public throughout the year. Location for many events including craft shows, auto shows, animal shows, softball & volleyball games, and the Boone County Fair (held in August). Also see one-room school house relocated from northern Boone County. Explore this varied collection of local memorabilia. The museum includes a log home, Civil War artifacts, a natural history room, historic dolls, clothes, tools and transportation ranging from a 1906 Eldredge Runabout to Belvidere's first Chrysler. Come explore Burpee Museum and its award-winning exhibits such as Jane: Diary of a Dinosaur, called one of the ten most important dinosaur discoveries in the past 100 years. Burpee Museum also features Homer, a sub-adult or "teen-age" Triceratops. Four floors of exhibits include Windows to Wilderness, a woolly mammoth skeletal cast, Pennsylvanian coal forest, a Native American exhibit, Geoscience, and a viewing lab. The Byron Museum Complex consists of a large Exhibit Hall and the historic Lucius Read House, which was on the Underground Railroad and is a listed site on the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom. The Read House features a permanent exhibit entitled, ‘From Shackles to Freedom: The Underground Railroad’ which shines a spotlight on Byron’s participation in the Underground Railroad. We are happy to accommodate group tours outside regular hours. Tours are free and are self-guided or a docent can be arranged. We also have ample meeting space available. This natural history museum displays prairies, woodlands, wetlands and other interesting exhibits illustrating life as it existed hundreds of years ago in Northern Illinois. Be sure to make a stop at the museum gift shop. Memorabilia of Rockford's Camp Grant, U.S. Army induction and training camp during World Wars I and II. The museum, an original building of Camp Grant, houses the Command Post restaurant and contains postcards, pictures, and memorabilia of the camp along with Rockford postcards. All studio-room hotel conveniently located off I-90 and State Street (US BR20). With easy access to I-39 and US Routes 20 and 43, Candlewood Suites-Rockford is perfectly located near business and entertainment centers. Near Magic Waters water park, CherryVale Mall, and numerous golf courses. Located adjacent to Van Galder Bus Terminal with 24 hour shuttle service to O'Hare and Midway Airports. All studio-rooms have kitchens with full refrigerators. "Candlewood Cupboard" offers frozen entrees, breakfast items, snacks, personal items, etc. Complimentary High Speed Wireless Internet. Located near the I-90 tollway at Riverside Boulevard and Perryville Road, the Carlson Ice Arena features a 200 x 85 feet ice rink with seating for 600 spectators. This facility is also home to the Sapora Playworld, a three-level soft play structure designed for children ages 5-12 and a Tiny Tots Playspace designed for children 4 and under. For fun, family-friendly-priced recreation, Rockford Park District's Sapora Playworld at Carlson Ice Arena offers discounted rates weekly on "Half-Price Tuesdays and Thursdays" at the three-level indoor soft play structure for ages 5-12. Enjoy the taste of quality, handcrafted beer in the atmosphere of a true European-style ale house in the Rockford Region's premiere microbrewery. Ten to twelve styles of ales and lagers are on tap at any time, chosen from more than 30 styles of beer brewed on-site throughout the year. For a real treat for the beer lover, try the sampler tray of current beers. Delicious homemade root beer is a great treat for the whole family, available in a tall glass or as a root beer float. Sandwiches, bratwurst, and hot pretzels are also available. Castle Rock State Park is located three miles south of Oregon on Highway 2. The 2,000-acre park includes rock formations, ravines, and unique northern plant associations. In one valley, 27 different types of ferns have been identified. A sandstone bluff, adjacent to the river, has given the park its name. Picnic area amenities include tables, shelters, grills, toilets, drinking water and playground equipment. Six miles of marked hiking trails have been developed, and a public boat ramp/parking facility is located across from the park's main entrance. A quaint family owned 12 room Lodge tucked away in scenic Oregon. Uniquely renovated theme rooms give our Lodge a warm comfortable feel. With every visit you can enjoy a different environment. Do you like boating, hunting, or gardening? Let us know! At Chateau Lodge, our friendly and hospitable staff is anxious to make your stay a pleasurable one! We understand our success is measured by your satisfaction. Let us prove it! Enclosed 2-level regional shopping mall with many external businesses on same property. Many public activities including craft and car shows, community and holiday events. Food court, children's play area, early morning walking. CherryVale Mall is also one of just a few locations with new Tesla Supercharging Stations. These stations are for the all electric-powered Tesla cars to use to charge up the vehicle. Chicago Golf and Tiki Tees course commands some of the finest views of Dekalb open space and trails. The facility features a challenging 9-hole championship golf course. Its beautiful, mature and lush foliage and trees complement the manicured greens, tees and fairways. Combined with its exceptional course design, golfers of all skill levels return time and again to play. There is also a Club House, Tiki Bar for outdoor events, and indoor banquet hall for up to 160 guests. Jump with the best skydiving school in the United States - Chicagoland Skydiving Center now located at Koritz Field in Rochelle! Come see why more people from the Chicago area choose tandem skydiving at CSC. We service more first-time skydivers than any other skydiving center in Chicago and the Midwest. At CSC, our priority is on safety and customer service. Check out our skydive center and book your tandem parachute jump online. Chicagoland Skydiving Center in Rochelle, Illinois (formerly in Hinckley, IL) is your safest source for skydiving - period! Check out our brand new skydive aircraft and see how we maintain our safety record and reputation as the BEST! Cliffbreakers overlooks the beautiful Rock River. Whether you have come here to attend a business meeting or celebrate with loved ones during a wedding reception, enjoy an evening of fine dining in Cliffbreakers Restaurant, a view of the Rock River will offer a pleasant and memorable time. On-site fine dining restaurant, martini lounge, Swedish hot rock sauna, business center, 25,000 sq. ft. of function space. The only deluxe-service hotel in the charming city of Rochelle, Illinois, the refreshed Comfort Inn & Suites delivers a unique blend of friendly Midwest personality and fast-forward hospitality. For business and vacation, our contemporary lifestyle hotel offers a comfortable and convenient setting for all your travels in Northern Illinois. Whether planning a corporate connection, a romantic getaway or a train spotting adventure, you’ll find our Rochelle hotel is perfect for working and playing. | Low | [
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Kusala Abhayavardhana Kusala Abhayavardhana (née Fernando) (1 November 1920 – 1988) was a Sri Lankan social worker. She was the co-founder of the Civil Service International in Sri Lanka, founding secretary International Women’s Year Sri Lanka and national chair of the Women in Peace in Sri Lanka. She was a Member of Parliament from 1970 to 1977. Born on 1 November 1920, a prominent business family, her father was W.D. Fernando and mother Bhadrawathie. She was educated at Visakha Vidyalaya, at the University of Ceylon, and at the London School of Economics. She contested the Colombo Municipal Council from the Thimbirigasyaya ward from the United National Party, but was defeated by Bernard Soysa. She was later elected to the Colombo Municipal Council and served as a Municipal Councilor. Kusala Fernando married Hector Abhayavardhana a journalist and Trotskyist in 1959. At the 1970 general elections she ran as the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) candidate in the Borella electorate and was elected to parliament, defeating incumbent the United National Party candidate, M. H. Mohamed by 16,421 votes to 15,829 votes. References Category:Sri Lankan social workers Category:Sinhalese politicians Category:Members of the 7th Parliament of Ceylon Category:Women legislators in Sri Lanka Category:People from Western Province, Sri Lanka Category:Alumni of Visakha Vidyalaya Category:Alumni of the University of Ceylon Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics Category:United National Party politicians Category:Lanka Sama Samaja Party politicians Category:1920 births Category:1988 deaths | High | [
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Rachel Luzzatto Morpurgo Rachel Luzzatto Morpurgo (1790–1871) (Hebrew רחל לוצאטו מורפורגו) Jewish-Italian poet. She is said to be the first Jewish woman to write poetry in Hebrew under her own name in two thousand years. Life Morpurgo was born in Trieste, Italy into the prosperous Luzzatto family that produced many Jewish scholars and intellectuals, including her cousin Samuel David Luzzatto (1800 - 1865), known as SHaDaL, whose support and encouragement were important to the recognition she received in her lifetime. In 1819, she married Jacob Morpurgo also a member of a prominent Jewish Italian family. Morpurgo is Italianised "Marburger" where the family originated. She moved to Gorizia and had four children, three boys and a girl. Her parents provided a rich education with private tutors and a large private library. She worked in the family business at a potter's wheel and had little leisure to write. After she married, her time was almost entirely consumed with domestic duties. Nevertheless, she wrote throughout her whole life and published some fifty poems in the journal Kochbe Yitzhak (כוכבי יצחק) (The Stars of Isaac). She was writing a poem a few days before her death at the age of eighty-one. Poetic themes Morpurgo scholar Tova Cohen of Bar-Ilan University writes: Morpurgo's main poetic achievements are not her "poems written at leisure" or her nationalist poems (to which critics related), but rather her poems of personal contemplation (including "See, This Is New," "Lament of My Soul," "Why, Lord, So Many Cries," "O Troubled Valley," "Until I Am Old"). The power of these poems derives from their having been written on two levels. The first and most evident is their following the accepted cultural conventions of contemporary masculine poetry, exploiting the writer's broad knowledge of the canon. The second level of significance is subtle and reveals itself in the contrast between the canonical texts to which it refers and the poem itself. On this level we hear the voice of a woman describing her suffering and protesting her inferior status in Jewish society and culture. Today Morpurgo has attracted attention as an early feminist poet. Some of her poems reflect her frustration at being ignored as a woman or being dismissed as a poet because she was a woman. For instance, in "On Hearing She Had Been Praised in the Journals" (1847): I've looked to the north, south, east, and west: a woman's word in each is lighter than dust. years hence, will anyone really remember her name, in city or province, any more than a dead dog. Ask: the people are sure: a woman's wisdom is only in spinning wool. (trans. Peter Cole) She signed the poem "Wife of Jacob Morpurgo, stillborn." She also signed some poems Rachel Morpurgo HaKetana or "Rachel Morpurgo the little one". She would abbreviate this signature as RMH, the Hebrew word for worm. Some critics have argued that she was not merely expressing humility but making an ironic comment on the contempt some male critics had for her Critical reception In Morpurgo's time, Jewish women were rarely taught Hebrew, which was considered strictly the province of men and suitable only for religious subjects and discourse. Under the influence of the Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment, Hebrew began to be used for secular subjects and the foundation was laid for the modern Hebrew language. Morpurgo's literary interest thus found an audience and sympathetic reception that would not have existed earlier. In addition, the endorsement of her highly respected cousin Samuel David Luzzatto gave her prominence that would have been hard to attain on her own. A woman writing Hebrew poetry was sufficiently unusual at the time that many readers doubted the poems were written by a woman. Some visited her home in Trieste to confirm she actually existed. One critic assumed that she must have reached menopause on the belief that biological fertility ruled out literary creativity. The modern literary critic Dan Miron has dismissed her as a "rhymester of the Hebrew Enlightenment" and contended that she "should be distinguished from the few serious poets of the period, who struggled spiritually and poetically with their optimistic rational worldview, on the one hand, and the social cultural and spiritual state of the people, on the other." None of her works was published after the death of her cousin until a collection of her poems, Ugav Rachel (עוגב רחל), Rachel's Harp, was published in 1890. References External links Rachel Morpurgo. by Jennifer Breger, Jewish Women's Archive The Defiant Muse: Hebrew Feminist Poems from Antiquity to the Present, A Bilingual Anthology by Shirley Kaufman, Galit Hasan-Rokem, Tamar S. Hess, The Feminist Press, 1999. Sonnet The Standard Book of Jewish Verse, 1917, at Bartleby.com And Rachel Stole the Idols: The Emergence of Modern Hebrew Women's Writing by Wendy I. Zierler, Wayne State University Press, 2004 Hebrew Poetry in 19th-century Italy by Renee Levine, June 7, 2012, The Jerusalem Post. Rachel Morpurgo The Free Library Review, The Defiant Muse: Hebrew Feminist Poems from Antiquity to the Present by Louis Bar-yaacov Ogav Rachel Complete text in Hebrew and Italian Category:Jewish poets Category:1790 births Category:1871 deaths | Mid | [
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