text
stringlengths 8
5.74M
| label
stringclasses 3
values | educational_prob
listlengths 3
3
|
|---|---|---|
I'm stealing an idea I recently heard Doug talk about: the importance of having margin of time. Margins of time are a created when you say "no" to an exciting idea, project, or responsibility, not because you don't have the time (there is always time!), but because you are choosing to maintain a schedule that has a margin of time in it. The idea seems so simple, but I know personally I struggle with saying "no" when I know saying "yes" will advance my personal goals, our gym, or our finances, and I know I technically have the time. However, I know that every time I take on a new responsibility at work, my relationships and time at home are compromised because there are always unforeseen additional needs that cause me to compromise relationship-related commitments. Also, when there is little to no margin of time, I tend to lose my cool more often, which leads me to taking it out on others, especially those closest to me. Fortunately, I am married to a strong woman--Sandy is quick to let me know, "Hey, don't come home and kick the dog because you are stressed out." When I hear that, I know exactly what she means--she knows I am not reacting to her, but reacting to the stress I have created in my life. Conversely, when there is just a little extra time on my hands I am my best self. I find myself laughing when things get crazy with two toddlers at home, instead of pulling my hair out (insert joke about my not having hair to pull out here). Another recent realization in regards to time for me was accepting the fact that I am always going to be up to something big or important. There is no "temporary" amount of time where I get to be not present to my partner and children. To use Doug's words: "There are a million people who can do your job at work, but your wife only has one husband and your kids only have one dad." So I need to find peace with that, delegate more often, and plan a margin of time into my days and weeks. Applying this to nutrition, which is an area that is often compromised by lack of time, Sandy and I recently added a ton of margin of time meal prepping on the weekends. The first weekend we meal prepped it felt like it took 7 hours from grocery shopping to completion. The next weekend it took half the time. It really has opened up more margin for the week to play with my kids before and after dinner, catch up with Sandy about her day, and unwind from my busy day. Evening battles to get the kids into bed after dinner have been replaced with games of hide and seek and longer story times. I think the idea of adding margin of time may also come down to having permission to have spare time. I know for me, until this idea, if there was spare time I felt like I was being lazy. Perhaps, having more spare time will allow for you to focus your time on the important things instead of on the urgent things, leading to a much more fulfilled life. With this in mind, we should value margin of time as high as the things we are doing during time. Consider it a "to do" item to have a margin of time in your day. What would you do with an extra 30 minutes if you had it? What could you delegate or outsource to add it into your day? How would this allow you to live today as if you knew you were going to die soon? I thought I would share something that I know helped me: going for something big. Big is certainly relative. For some, Big is a 5k run, for others, Big is a 100 mile ultra marathon. The cool part is, when you accomplish your relative Big thing, your new relative Big thing expands to something bigger. I started my 29th year way out of shape and emotionally in a dark place... Ever since I watched Steve Jobs's speech to Stanford graduates about death, it has guided all of my tough decisions, both in business and in life. On our car ride home from Christmas with my family, Sandy and I brainstormed ideas of the values we wanted to instill into our children. | High | [
0.663573085846867,
35.75,
18.125
]
|
@import "compass"; span.label { padding: 1px 3px 2px; font-size: map-get($label, font-size); font-weight: bold; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: nowrap; background-color: map-get-deep($label, types, default); @include border-radius(map-get($label, border-radius)); @each $name, $color in map-get($label, types) { &.#{""+$name+""} { background-color: $color; } } } | Low | [
0.512931034482758,
29.75,
28.25
]
|
If you don’t take time to unwind, constant stress can lead to a number of physical and psychological problems, like poor concentration, depression, back pain and weight gain. It also weakens your immune system and increases your risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease. That’s why NursingLink came up with these 22 different ways to de-stress without breaking the bank. So hit pause, relax and indulge in some much needed (and affordable!) R&R. A hardworking nurse like you deserves it! | Mid | [
0.542190305206463,
37.75,
31.875
]
|
376 N.W.2d 105 (1985) IMT INSURANCE COMPANY, an Iowa Corporation, Appellant, v. Dirk AMUNDSEN, Melvin Bohr, the Winnebago Council of the Boy Scouts of America, an Iowa Non-profit Corporation, Kris Barness, a Minor by Murvel Barness, His Father and Next Friend, and Murvel Barness and Margaret Barness, Individually, Appellees. No. 84-1651. Supreme Court of Iowa. November 13, 1985. *106 James E. Walsh, Jr., and Gail D. Fokken of Clark, Butler, Walsh & McGivern, and James R. Hellman, Waterloo, for appellant. Donald H. Gloe of Miller, Pearson, Gloe, Burns and Beatty, P.C., Decorah, for appellee Amundsen. Mark D. Buchheit, West Union, for appellee Bohr. George Lindeman of Lindeman & Yagla, Waterloo, for appellee Winnebago Council of Boy Scouts of America. Jay P. Roberts of Swisher & Cohrt, Waterloo, for appellees Barness. Considered by REYNOLDSON, C.J., and UHLENHOPP, McCORMICK, SCHULTZ and WOLLE, JJ. McCORMICK, Justice. This declaratory judgment action concerns applicability of a homeowner's liability policy exclusion of liability resulting from use by the insured of motorized vehicles. Like the trial court, we find that the homeowner's policy of plaintiff IMT Insurance Company provided coverage to the policyholder defendant Dirk Amundsen in the circumstances alleged in this case. Therefore we affirm the declaratory judgment. The trial court received evidence bearing on the coverage dispute. The case was tried to the court at law, and the parties accept the trial court's findings of fact on the events that gave rise to the action. On November 7, 1981, Amundsen was a scoutmaster in charge of a group of boy scouts employed to glean corn from a field on the Melvin Bohr farm in Winneshiek County. Bohr furnished a tractor and wagon. He insisted that the tractor be driven by his eleven-year-old son. Amundsen had no role in selecting the operator of the tractor and had no authority over the operation of the tractor and wagon. He was present merely to supervise the work of the boy scouts. Amundsen accompanied one group of scouts who manually picked up corn and put it in piles. Another group followed the wagon pulled by the tractor and threw the piles of corn into the wagon. Kris Barness was among the scouts in the second group. He was injured when he attempted to ride on the wagon tongue and fell off. Subsequently Kris and his parents sued Amundsen and the other defendants, charging Amundsen with negligence in various respects in failing to warn or guard against the danger. IMT appeared in the action for Amundsen under a reservation of rights and then separately instituted the present declaratory judgment action to determine the question of coverage. The trial court found that the policy covered Amundsen's potential liability. IMT then took the present appeal. In typically broad terms, Amundsen's homeowner's policy provides coverage of his personal liability up to the policy limits for "all sums for which any insured is legally liable because of bodily injury or property damage caused by an occurrence *107 to which [the] coverage applies." Coverage applies to occurrences that are not excluded. In contending the present occurrence is excluded, IMT relies on an exclusion of liability "resulting from the ownership, maintenance, use, loading or unloading by an insured of motorized vehicles or watercraft, except as provided under Incidental Liability and Medical Payments Coverages." Specifically the question is whether Amundsen's purported liability for the injuries to Kris Barness resulted from the use by Amundsen of a motorized vehicle within the meaning of the exclusion. General principles governing our answer to this question are well established. We must first decide what the language of the exclusion means and then decide what operative effect it has in the facts found by the trial court. No extrinsic evidence was offered on the interpretation issue. When words are not defined in the policy, we give them their ordinary meaning. In doing so and in determining the legal effect of the exclusion, we construe the provisions in their light most favorable to the insured. Exclusions are strictly construed against the insurer. Connie's Construction Co. v. Fireman's Fund Insurance Co., 227 N.W.2d 207, 210 (Iowa 1975). If the exclusion is fairly susceptible to two meanings, one of which would afford coverage and one of which would not, the meaning that affords coverage will be adopted. State Farm Automobile Insurance Co. v. Malcolm, 259 N.W.2d 833, 836 (Iowa 1977). Here the parties argue about whether the wagon is included in the policy definition of motorized vehicle. They also argue about whether if the wagon is not included in the definition the accident can be said to have resulted from use of a motorized vehicle for purposes of the exclusion. IMT contends the accident resulted from use of the tractor because the operation of the tractor was a contributing cause of the accident. Their position is supported by a line of California cases discussed in Ohio Casualty Insurance Co. v. Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co., 148 Cal.App.3d 641, 645-46, 196 Cal.Rptr. 164, 167 (1983). See also Progressive Casualty Ins. Co. v. Hockman, 359 N.W.2d 685, 686 (Minn.Ct.App.1984). We assume, without deciding, that IMT is correct on this point. The problem, however, is that the exclusion is applicable only to motorized vehicle "use ... by an insured." Even if use of a motor vehicle was a contributing cause of the injury, the exclusion is inapplicable unless the insured was the person using the vehicle. The cases relied on by IMT do not reach this issue. IMT asserts it is sufficient that Amundsen was engaged in an activity in which operation of the tractor was a component. Under this argument Amundsen was using the tractor because the tractor was part of the gleaning operation. The entire working party, including the injured boy, would be using the tractor in this sense. Amundsen contends for a narrower meaning of the term "use ... by an insured." He relies on the undisputed facts that he did not operate the tractor and had no authority over its operation. The word "use" is not defined in the policy. We turn to its ordinary meaning. This meaning includes "the act or practice of using something," "to put into action or service: have recourse to or enjoyment of: employ," "to carry out a purpose or action by means of: make instrumental to an end or process: apply to advantage." Webster's Third New International Dictionary 2523-24 (1976). Synonyms include "employ," "avail," "utilize," and "apply." Assuming the word "use" is susceptible to the broad meaning urged by IMT, it is also fairly susceptible to the narrower meaning urged by Amundsen. One may reasonably argue that use requires an element of control of the instrumentality. That element was admittedly lacking in the present facts. It is impossible to ascertain from the language of the policy which meaning was intended. Adopting the reasonable interpretation advocated by Amundsen, as we must, we conclude that the accident did not result from his use of *108 the tractor within the meaning of the exclusion. We hold that the trial court was correct in finding the exclusion is inapplicable. AFFIRMED. | Mid | [
0.5687203791469191,
30,
22.75
]
|
Microarray A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip. It is a two-dimensional array on a solid substrate (usually a glass slide or silicon thin-film cell) that assays (tests) large amounts of biological material using high-throughput screening miniaturized, multiplexed and parallel processing and detection methods. The concept and methodology of microarrays was first introduced and illustrated in antibody microarrays (also referred to as antibody matrix) by Tse Wen Chang in 1983 in a scientific publication and a series of patents. The "gene chip" industry started to grow significantly after the 1995 Science Paper by the Ron Davis and Pat Brown labs at Stanford University. With the establishment of companies, such as Affymetrix, Agilent, Applied Microarrays, Arrayjet, Illumina, and others, the technology of DNA microarrays has become the most sophisticated and the most widely used, while the use of protein, peptide and carbohydrate microarrays is expanding. Types of microarrays include: DNA microarrays, such as cDNA microarrays, oligonucleotide microarrays, BAC microarrays and SNP microarrays MMChips, for surveillance of microRNA populations Protein microarrays Peptide microarrays, for detailed analyses or optimization of protein–protein interactions Tissue microarrays Cellular microarrays (also called transfection microarrays) Chemical compound microarrays Antibody microarrays Glycan arrays (carbohydrate arrays) Phenotype microarrays Reverse phase protein lysate microarrays, microarrays of lysates or serum Interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS) People in the field of CMOS biotechnology are developing new kinds of microarrays. Once fed magnetic nanoparticles, individual cells can be moved independently and simultaneously on a microarray of magnetic coils. A microarray of nuclear magnetic resonance microcoils is under development. Fabrication and operation of microarrays A large number of technologies underlie the microarray platform, including the material substrates, spotting of biomolecular arrays, and the microfluidic packaging of the arrays. See also Microarray databases Microarray analysis techniques Notes | High | [
0.694980694980695,
33.75,
14.8125
]
|
Can house hacking help you live rent, mortgage, and utility free? In this episode, I discuss a real estate investor technique called house hacking and how you can use this technique in your own home buying journey to save some real money. Find out if house hacking makes sense for you and could house hacking be your “golden ticket” to living rent, mortgage, and utility FREE! Learn more on today’s podcast. | Mid | [
0.652068126520681,
33.5,
17.875
]
|
Q: Need to convert SQL scalar-value function with PATINDEX to VB equivalent Long time reader, first time poster. Sorry in advance for the wall of text. Short version: I need to know how to use VB's Instr (or some other VB function) to search a string and return the index of the first occurance of any one of three symbols in that string. Any one of the three symbols may appear any number of times, in any order, in the string. In Tsql, I would search the string using PATINDEX WHILE PATINDEX('%[#$@]%',@MyString) >0 with #,$, and @ being the individual symbols I need to look for. Note: these are substitutions - the actual symbols used "IRL" are causing problems in my stackOverflow post. Long Version: I wrote a Tsql Function that accepts a date (a warranty start date), a speical string with symbols and numbers from an application, and a few other necessary inputs, and then loops through the "special string" and performs X number of DATEADD operations, eventually returning a warranty end date. The problem is I need this date for reporting off a DB Warehouse and calling the function for every row like this is too slow. I'd like to move the whole function into a Script Task in the SSIS package that loads the data in the first place, so the calculation can be done in memory and only needs to be done once. Here is the TSQL function for refrence: CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[CalcLDCoverageExp] ( @LDCoverage int ,@LDCoveragePeriod varchar(max) ,@GracePeriod varchar(max) ,@dt datetime ,@WarrEndt datetime ) RETURNS datetime AS BEGIN Declare @code varchar(max), @symbol varchar(1),@val int IF @LDCoverage=1 --There is LD coverage BEGIN IF LEN(rtrim(@LDCoveragePeriod))>0 --There is a Specific LDCoverage period on the Warrenty Agreement BEGIN SET @code=@LDCoveragePeriod+@GracePeriod WHILE PATINDEX('%[#$@]%',@code) >0 BEGIN SET @symbol=substring(@code,PATINDEX('%[#$@]%',@code),1) SET @val= Left(@code,PATINDEX('%[#$@]%',@code)-1) SET @dt = (Case @symbol When '#' Then DATEADD(YYYY,@val,@dt) When '$' Then DATEADD(M,@val,@dt) When '@' Then DATEADD(D,@val,@dt) END) SET @code = RIGHT(@code,Len(@code)-PATINDEX('%[#$@]%', @code)) --STUFF(@code, PATINDEX('%[#$@]%', @code), 1, '') END END ELSE --There is not a specific LDCoverage period on the Warrenty Agreement; LD=WarrentyEnd+1Day SET @dt=Dateadd(d,1,@WarrEndt) --END IF LEN(rtrim(@LDCoveragePeriod))>0 END ELSE --No LD Coverage SET @dt=NULL --END IF @LDCoverage=1 RETURN @dt END I have a passing knowledge of VB.net and I'm sure with a little effort and a lot of searching stackoverflow I can convert the rest of the TSQL function to VB equlivalent. But I'm stuck on how to rewrite that PATINDEX statement. A: VB does not have a standard function for getting the index of "the first occurance of any one of three symbols in that string". You will have to create something that will run the instr() (or use the new .Net version String.IndexOf) 3 times to get the lowest number. Shouldn't be too hard to do. | Mid | [
0.571748878923766,
31.875,
23.875
]
|
<ul> <span class="active-users">editing:</span> {{#each users}} <li style="color:{{this.color}}"> <i class="fa fa-square"></i> {{this.username}} </li> {{/each}} </ul> | Low | [
0.23684210526315702,
9,
29
]
|
Q: How do I use HTTP Authentication for a specific URL (not a directory) I have an htaccess file that uses mod_rewrite to redirect /controller to /index.php?controller=%controller% Like this: # Various rewrite rules. <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on # Rewrite current-style URLs of the form 'index.php?controller=x&action=y'. RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?controller=$1 [L,QSA] </IfModule> Now, what I need to be able to do is make ONE of the controllers work with HTTP Authentication. I'm not asking if this is the best way to do things, I'm simply asking how to do it. Example: http://www.example.com/ - It requires no auth http://www.example.com/secret - requires auth A: <Location /secret> AuthName localhost AuthType Basic AuthUserFile <file> Require valid-user </Location> | High | [
0.694167852062588,
30.5,
13.4375
]
|
Production, purification and characterization of an extracellular keratinase from Lysobacter NCIMB 9497. The aim of this study was to determine the keratinolytic ability of a range of bacteria and subsequently, to characterize the keratinase showing the greatest biotechnological potential. Nine bacteria, reported to produce extracellular proteases, were screened for production of keratinases. Of these, Lysobacter NCIMB 9497 exhibited the highest keratinolytic activity. The keratinase from this strain (Mr 148 kDa) was purified and characterized. Optimum activity occurred at 50 degrees C; no inhibition was demonstrated by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), but inhibition by EDTA was demonstrated. This study indicates that keratinase is a metalloprotease with a high degree of keratinolytic activity and stability. This is the first detailed report of a metalloprotease with keratinolytic activity. The novel reaction mechanism, degree of keratinolytic activity and stability indicate considerable biotechnological potential in the leather industry, and in the processing of poultry waste. | High | [
0.663414634146341,
34,
17.25
]
|
This small crescent-shaped island off Canada’s east coast seems an unlikely place for so much action. Amidst the howling winds and blizzards, this is where the world’s largest breeding colony of grey seals comes to mate and raise their young. The Wild Canadian Year crew braved the weather and the feisty seals to find the perfect spot to place their 360 cameras to capture the scene. “The females are very protective of their young, and they won’t hesitate to snarl and snap at you if you get too close. And the smell was powerful, lots of pup poo in the sand and smelly breath coming from the adults nearby,” recalls researcher Graham Duggan. “It made me work quickly.” The team had to wait patiently for the right weather as too much blowing sand, spray or snow would damage the camera rig. And the fog had to clear so the cameras could capture a good number of seals and not just the ones that were the closest. The seals seemed to enjoy their moment of fame. “They weren’t scared of the camera. A few were curious and got in close for a look. It made for some great footage.” Click play on the video above to watch. | Mid | [
0.573333333333333,
32.25,
24
]
|
Quick Links Partido State University has recently launched a massive training on online teaching for all faculty called Online, Distance, and eTeaching (ODET) that spans from May 18-July 17, 2020. The training uses Zoom and Facebook and YouTube live as its platforms. One of the online solutions sought to reduce or eliminate face-to-face transactions under threats of COVID-19, the Online Student Clearance System or OSCS rolls out of the Information and Communications Technology Management Office (ICTMO) development workshop. Now fully operational to cater to requests of students for clearance, the system designed and developed by ICTMO’s programmer, Mr. Aldwin R. Seboguero, under the directions and supervision of the ICTMO Director, Dr. Ronnel R. Atole, allows students to request clearance from offices anywhere through the internet. It is designed and implemented in the Laravel MVC (Model-View-Controller) framework and is currently hosted in a cloud infrastructure. Adhering to the prescribed protocols without sacrificing their sworn duties and responsibilities, the members of the Partido State University Board of Regents joined the 76th Regular BOR Meeting via Zoom on May 25, 2020. Of the 21 proposals submitted, 19 were approved and 2 were deferred by the Board. The university’s proposed budget for FY 2021 amounting to Php697,057,000.00, and the conferment of degrees to 872 candidates for May 2020 graduation are two (2) of the most salient measures approved by the Board. As part of the strategies of Partido State University in adapting to the ‘new normal’ brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, its academic processes are migrating into what are generally known as ‘flexible learning environments.’ The university’s Information & Communications Technology Management Office (ICTMO), through a budget proposal approved recently by the Board of Regents (BOR) on May 25, 2020, will upgrade its capabilities to institutionalize the transition process. Part of the upgrade amounting to more than Php9M is a set of ICT equipment intended to support the deployment of an onsite Learning Management System, and installations of fixed-bandwidth internet connections, as well as an online Student Information System that will include functionalities for admission/enrolment, and submission of grades. The Partido State University, under any circumstance, is committed to providing quality instruction for its students. It is prepared to respond to the call of the times to ensure that students are afforded an optimal learning experience. In the face of the new normal brought about by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the advent of Education 4.0, there is a need to transform higher education from traditional classroom activities to the more interactive and flexible, open, and distance education modes. With the foregoing, the institution is set to adopt a flexible learning system (e.g. blended learning, distance modular learning), as encouraged by the Commission on Higher Education. As a major step toward this direction, PSU shall conduct a massive training for all faculty members from all five (5) Goa colleges and six (6) campuses. | High | [
0.692682926829268,
35.5,
15.75
]
|
Simple and sensitive electrochemical impedimetric approach towards analysis of biophysical interaction. Study of biophysical interactions have been carried out using specific combination of proteins such as human IgG (as antigen) and anti-human IgG (as complementary antibody; raised in rabbit). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to block any nonspecific interaction between antigen and antibody as BSA has been reported to bind to several sites non-specifically. Optimization of BSA concentration was done in order to make the antigen-antibody interaction relatively more pronounced and specific. We have used gold electrode in order to provide a relatively inert platform for adsorption/immobilization of protein molecules. The interaction between the antigen and antibody caused an increase in the charge transfer resistance (parallel resistance in Randles cell model) for an indicator molecule (hexacyanoferrate) and this was monitored by impedance spectroscopy. Detection limit for the antigen was found to be about 50 ng/mL. The approach presented is general and versatile and can be used for any antigen-antibody pair without any significant modification. | Mid | [
0.6407322654462241,
35,
19.625
]
|
Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and Europe, is generally caused by the plaque rupture or erosion^[@CR1]--[@CR4]^. Extensive efforts to characterize and predict vulnerable plaques assessing a few known markers have been made for several decades^[@CR1]--[@CR7]^. It has been found that abnormally dense neovascularization of the vessel wall, often infiltrating into the plaque core, is associated with development of atherosclerotic plaque and progression of the disease^[@CR4],[@CR8]^. These micro-vasculatures may lead to intraplaque hemorrhage, which typically accompanies unstable plaque^[@CR4],[@CR8],[@CR9]^. Therefore, abnormal proliferation of adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) is an important clinical imaging target to assess vulnerability of the atherosclerotic plaques^[@CR4]--[@CR8],[@CR10]^. However, the lack of adequate noninvasive and high-resolution imaging technology to visualize VV is a big challenge. Micro-CT, optical coherent tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) angiography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) imaging have been demonstrated to image VV in pre-clinical studies, but these technologies have suffered from hazardous radiation (micro-CT), poor imaging depth (OCT), invasive approach (IVUS) and insufficient spatial resolution (CEU)^[@CR5],[@CR6],[@CR11]--[@CR16]^. CEU is one of the well-established imaging modalities to evaluate microvasculature *in vivo* animal study using gas-filled microbubbles that can provide high echogenic contrast^[@CR6],[@CR13],[@CR17]^. In previous studies with CEU using a mid-frequency transcutaneous linear array transducer (Transmit at 7 MHz and receive at 15 MHz), they have shown the correlation of adventitial VV density based on ultrasonic image intensity with VV progression^[@CR6],[@CR13],[@CR17]^. However, identifying individual VV, especially those near the lumen of the main vessel, was limited mainly due to low spatial resolution at mid-frequency^[@CR6]^. Because of this limitation with spatial resolution, the accuracy of VV density measure therefore was limited. High spatial resolution is essential for separating individual tiny VV from the lumen of the main vessel to improve the accuracy of adventitial VV density as an indicator of VV progression. A high-frequency transcutaneous linear array transducer centered at 40 MHz has shown its spatial resolution as high as 67 µm in a tissue-mimicking phantom but with a limited imaging depth less than 14 mm^[@CR18]^. A high-frequency single element transducer ranging 30--150 MHz is preferably utilized in IVUS. However, conventional (30--50 MHz) and high frequency (90--150 MHz) IVUS are limited to the spatial resolution (\>100 µm) and the imaging depth (\<2 mm), respectively^[@CR19]^. Recently, multi-frequency IVUS (or super-harmonic IVUS) has been widely studied to maintain the advantage of both deep imaging depth (\>2.5 mm) and improved spatial resolution (\<50 µm) by incorporating relatively low frequency transmit (30--50 MHz) and high frequency receive (90--150 MHz)^[@CR19]--[@CR22]^. However, this technology was only evaluated *in vitro* or *ex vivo* so far, therefore *in vivo* study should be followed. In addition, IVUS is not ideal if considering eventual translation with full noninvasiveness. Therefore, transcutaneous imaging approach using a mid-frequency linear array transducer commonly used in the clinic would be sought after. Super-resolution US imaging technology has been recently introduced to overcome the limitation of inherent spatial resolution of US imaging defined by the acoustic diffraction limit^[@CR23]--[@CR25]^. This approach utilizes two state-of-the-art technologies; tissue rejection and microbubbles localization technique^[@CR24],[@CR26]--[@CR28]^. It is known that ultrafast plane wave imaging in general significantly improves the performance of the eigen decomposition based adaptive clutter filtering technique, outperforming in suppressing stationary signal that comes from the clutters, compared to conventional clutter filtering techniques used in typical Doppler imaging^[@CR26]^. Moreover, microbubble center localization technique allows to estimate each location of microbubbles in sub-pixel level precision^[@CR24],[@CR27],[@CR28]^. Each microbubble could be considered as a point source because its size (\~3 µm) is much smaller than the spatial resolution of the imaging system that operates at mid-frequency ultrasound of around 5--10 MHz (100\~200 µm). Therefore, received echo signal from individual microbubble would be represented as a point spread function (PSF) of the imaging system, and each microbubble is expected to be located at the centroid of the PSF. After summing up localized microbubbles in blood flow at different times over a large number of frames, a vascular network image in high spatial resolution beyond the acoustic diffraction limit can be formed. Errico *et al*., successfully reconstructed single static super-resolved image of rat brain vasculature network, identifying the micro-vessel in diameter as small as 9 μm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) with using a 20 MHz linear array transducer^[@CR24]^. However, the major drawback of this method requires a long data acquisition time of 150 seconds for a total of 75,000 frames at 500 frames per second. Requiring a long data acquisition time makes this imaging technology susceptible to motion artifacts and therefore hinders widespread of this technology for various applications. Here, we present a new approach of super-resolution US imaging technology to achieve a high temporal resolution as well. A strategically designed approach in two steps is employed to drastically improve temporal resolution; (1) deconvolution localization technique to reduce data acquisition time, and (2) spatio-temporal-interframe-correlation (STIC) based data acquisition to compensate motion over reduced data acquisition time. First, applying deconvolution separates each center of microbubbles from densely grouped microbubbles while previous approach, 2D Gaussian fitting, typically requires discarding such frames in which clumped microbubbles cannot be separated. As such, deconvolution technique can significantly reduce data acquisition time. However, reduced data acquisition time using deconvolution only is not short enough to ignore fast physiologic motion such as cardiac-dependent motion. In addition to deconvolution technique, therefore, STIC data acquisition inspired from 3D fetal echo-cardiology imaging technique is adapted to further overcome fast physiologic motion^[@CR29]^. STIC acquisition allows it to synchronize collected images over multiple cardiac cycles. *In vivo* feasibility of the developed technique in identifying VV is demonstrated in rabbit atherosclerotic plaque model. Results {#Sec2} ======= Deconvolution based super-resolution ultrasound imaging {#Sec3} ------------------------------------------------------- In Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}, our developed imaging technique on a rabbit femoral artery is compared conventional imaging technologies. The white rectangle represents the balloon injured area that is expected to develop the plaque with VV, and white arrows in all images indicate a big branch near the femoral artery that is used as the landmark to match the image plane among different modalities. Cadence^TR^ harmonic contrast-enhanced imaging technique with using microbubbles operated by a commercial ultrasound scanner (Accuson Sequoia 512, SIEMENS, Mountain view, CA) shown in Fig. [1(a)](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} is a typical standard method in the clinic to evaluate microvasculature perfusion^[@CR6],[@CR13],[@CR30],[@CR31]^. However, this technique is limited in spatial resolution to identify and separate VV from the major vessel such as the femoral artery in this study. Conventional B-mode image shown in Fig. [1(b)](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} only illustrates structural information of bifurcation area of the rabbit femoral artery and small vasculatures surrounding the femoral artery cannot be identified due to limited spatial resolution. To amplify signal from the blood, power Doppler based temporal maximum intensity persistence (MIP) imaging technique (\#'s of frames = 2,000) implemented in Verasonics system is used as shown in Fig. [1(c)](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}. This method employs a tissue-rejection filter that suppresses stationary signal from tissue and extracts only signal from flowing microbubbles. However, its spatial resolution is still insufficient to clearly identify individual VV. The proposed super-resolution ultrasound imaging method implemented in Verasonics system shown in Fig. [1(d)](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} delineates detail of microvasculature that is shown blurred in other imaging methods due to low spatial resolution that is mainly limited by diffraction limit of the operating frequency. To estimate maximum spatial resolution of our developed method, the detectable smallest vessel in the ROI is chosen among discernable vasculatures in the Fig. [2(a)](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"} (Selected region of Fig. [1(d)](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). FWHM on lateral axis of the selected vessel is estimated to be 41 micron that is 5-fold smaller than wavelength as shown in Fig. [2(b)](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}.Figure 1Comparison of several imaging modalities. (**a**) Cadence^TR^ contrast-enhanced imaging with microbubbles acquired by commercial ultrasound scanner (Sequoia 512, Siemens), (**b**) conventional B-mode imaging, (**b**) temporal MIP vascular imaging, (**d**) proposed super-resolution imaging of ROI. Same raw data is used to reconstruct images (**b**--**d**). The white solid rectangle represents balloon-injured area that the plaque is expected to be developed. The white arrow indicates the same vessel branch that shows a correlation of images acquired by two different ultrasound scanners. White dashed rectangle represents selected ROI used in Figs [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"} and [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}.Figure 2The spatial resolution of the proposed imaging method. (**a**) The detectable smallest vessel is chosen (white solid line) in the ROI of Fig. [1(b--d)](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} indicated by the white dashed rectangle, (**b**) Spatial profile of the selected vessel. FWHM is estimated by 41 μm (\<λ/5). Three sequential data-set are independently acquired using our super-resolution imaging sequence to verify repeatability of our proposed method. For three independent imaging sessions, bifurcation of femoral artery and the branched vessel indicated in white arrow in Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} are identified as landmark to maintain the same imaging plane. Figure [3(a)](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"} depicts temporal MIP vascular imaging using the first data set of 2,000 frames, and Fig. [3(b--d)](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"} represents reconstructed images from sequentially acquired the first, second and third data set (2,000 frames for each acquisition), respectively using our super-resolution imaging sequence. Note that Fig. [3(a,b)](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"} are reconstructed from same raw dataset. An obviously same major vessel is observed at the center in all three reconstructed images to assure the same imaging plane among three imaging sessions. Some microvasculature in the background shown slightly different can be attributed to tilted imaging plane within three different imaging sessions.Figure 3Repeatability of the proposed method. Vessel images were chosen in the ROI of Fig. [1(b--d)](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"} indicated by the white dashed rectangle (**a**) temporal MIP vascular network imaging using eigen-decomposition method. (**b**--**d**) Super-resolution images using sequentially acquired three datasets (2,000 frames per each image) from the same region of interest. *In vivo* feasibility of the developed super-resolution technique in imaging vasa vasorum on a rabbit femoral artery {#Sec4} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Conventional B-mode imaging and super resolution imaging for vascular network of both side femoral artery, injured (experimental side) and contralateral non-injured side (control side), are shown in Fig. [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}. In B-mode images (Fig. [4(a,d)](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}), adventitia area is represented in the yellow dotted line. Figure [4(b,c,e,f)](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"} show super-resolution images at diastole and systole on injured and the non-injured side, respectively. Supplementary Movies ([1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"} and [2)](#MOESM2){ref-type="media"} for an entire cardiac cycle are provided. Each image at different stage of cardiac cycle is reconstructed from around 300 frames synchronized by STIC algorithm. The abundance of VV in adventitia indicated by white arrows can be clearly observed on the injured-side in the super-resolution ultrasound imaging. Normalized VV density on the injured-side is 0.027 ± 0.004, which is approximately 3 times greater than non-injured side with 0.010 ± 0.001. Furthermore, apparent uneven surface on the vessel wall on the injured side is observed most likely due to plaque formation on the lumen wall. The vessel wall is overall thickened (injured: 410 μm vs non-injured: 220 μm) and the lumen diameter is decreased (injured: 1.1 mm vs non-injured: 1.4 mm) in injured side. These observations are more clearly confirmed by closely looking at blood flowing through VV from adventitia into media shown in Supplementary Movies ([1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"} and [2)](#MOESM2){ref-type="media"}.Figure 4B-mode image (**a**,**d**) and corresponding super-resolution perfusion image overlaid on the B-mode image at diastole (**b**,**e**) and systole state (**c**,**f**). Top panel images are acquired from the injured side and bottom panel images are acquired from the non-injured side. Significant plaques are shown in the B-mode image on the injured side. The yellow dotted line represents adventitia region and white arrows indicate vasa vasorum in the adventitia. (Supplementary Movies [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"} and [2](#MOESM2){ref-type="media"} are available). VVs are more populated and believed to be infiltrated into the medial area of injured area, while less populated VV are found only in adventitial and connective tissue area in non-injured area. Atherosclerotic plaque formation and corresponding VV development is evidenced by histology of femoral artery section shown in Fig. [5](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}. The atherosclerotic lesions are characterized on injured side by neointimal proliferation, shown in Fig. [5(b)](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"} by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and abnormally enriched VV development on adventitia, shown in Fig. [5(d)](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"} by immunofluorescence of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) stain. Pink solid line in Fig. [5(b)](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"} was drawn along endothelium in the tunica intima of the lumen. Total cholesterol level is measured 291 mg/dL that is approximately 3 times higher than standard range (\<100 mg/dL) due to feeding high-fat diet.Figure 5Haematoxylin and eosin stained vessel on the injured side (**a**) and non-injured side (**b**). Thirty images acquired at ×40 magnification are stitched to reconstruct an overall image of the vessel for (**a**) and (**b**). Significant plaque development is found in the injured side (**a**). Vasa vasorum on adventitia in the selected region was stained by anti-von Willebrand factor. A large number of vasa vasorums are found in adventitia on the injured side (**c**), but a few vasa vasorums are found in adventitia on the non-injured side (**d**). Discussion {#Sec5} ========== It has been shown that super-resolution ultrasound imaging technique has strong potential to extend the application of ultrasound imaging with unprecedented high spatial resolution^[@CR24],[@CR25],[@CR32],[@CR33]^. We further developed this imaging technology to overcome the limitation of the temporal resolution, which makes it capable of imaging of fast event. Our proposed super-resolution imaging method successfully assesses VV density on the plaque in a rabbit femoral artery with enhanced temporal resolution as well as high spatial resolution. In our approach, deconvolution and STIC data acquisition were investigated to improve temporal resolution of US sub-diffraction imaging. It should be noted that deconvolution technique is known to be sensitive to noise as discussed in method section. Thresholding used in this study can successfully suppress noise, however it potentially also suppresses true signal when signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low for example in a fast plane-wave imaging. Therefore, more advanced adaptive noise reduction approach needs to be sought after to maximize signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining high temporal resolution in the future study. In addition, STIC data acquisition is generally used to collect and synchronize 3D data acquired from fast-moving fetal heart when using a relatively slow acquisition speed. It should be noted that there is an assumption in STIC acquisition; cardiac pulsation pattern over data acquisition period is stationary. For further translation of this technique, therefore a thorough performance analysis of STIC and an adaptive algorithm development if needed for non-stationary cardiac pulsation should be ensured. With reduced total number of frames thanks to deconvolution, we were able to generate ten super-resolution images using 3,000 acquired frames that can be collected within 6 seconds. Therefore, our approach has potential for free-hand scanning in the clinics because the acquisition time is significantly shorter than free-hand data acquisition time of 3D-fetal echocardiography when using STIC acquisition in the standard clinical protocol that takes around 4\~5 minutes on average^[@CR29],[@CR34]^. Since this study is concentrated on the technical development and *in vivo* feasibility demonstration, it is not intended to investigate any correlation between VV development and plaque stage with enough statistics, although this well-established rabbit model has been studied for a long time for various diseases in association with atherosclerotic plaques. Further extended study with an increased number of rabbits and time points is planned in the following study. In addition, the histology is limited for providing anatomically matched cross sections as a gold standard. An established anatomical imaging modality with high spatial resolution is necessary as a gold standard to provide more direct comparison, for example, *ex-vivo* microCT that enables to provide volumetric microvasculature information^[@CR35],[@CR36]^. Methods {#Sec6} ======= Deconvolution-based super-resolution US imaging sequence {#Sec7} -------------------------------------------------------- Super-resolution imaging sequence was implemented into a fully-programmable ultrasound scanner (Vantage 128, Verasonics, Kirkland, WA, USA) equipped with a mid frequency hockey stick linear array transducer (CL15-7, ATL-Philips, Bothell, WA). Ultrasound plane waves of one and half cycle at frequency of 7.7 MHz were insonified to the target with high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1,500 Hz with three different steering angles (−3°, 0°, 3°) for compounding, therefore the effective frame rate is 500 Hz. Signal processing algorithm was illustrated in Fig. [6](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}. Acquired raw radio-frequency (RF) channel data were beamformed by delay-and-sum algorithm, and then downmixed to the baseband using a quadrature demodulator. The echo signal from microbubbles were extracted from compounded analytic baseband signal of 500 frames by using a spatio-temporal eigen-based decomposition clutter filter^[@CR26],[@CR37],[@CR38]^. Envelope of the echo signal from microbubbles was interpolated for an increased pixel resolution of 15 µm (lateral) × 10 µm (axial) by using the modified akima cubic hermite method and deconvolved with the measured system PSF to localize each microbubble. Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution is a non-linear iterative deconvolution method that has been widely used for deblurring image with the presence of Poisson distributed noise in astronomy and biomedical applications^[@CR39]--[@CR42]^. The iterative process is described by$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${i}^{(k+1)}={i}^{(k)}(h\ast \frac{g}{h\,\otimes {i}^{(k)}})$$\end{document}$$where, \* is the correlation operator, ⊗ is the convolution operator, *i*^(*k*)^ is the estimated image after *k* iterations, *h* is the PSF of the imaging system and *g* is blurred image modeled by *g* = *h* ⊗ *i*^(0)^ + *noise*^[@CR41]^. The concept of this approach is illustrated in Fig. [7](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}.Figure 6Block diagram for signal processing of super-resolution ultrasound imaging. BF: Delay-and-sum beamformer; QD: Quadrature demodulator; CF: Eigen-based spatio-temporal clutter filter; ED: Envelope detector; DV: Deconvolution with the system PSF; ∑: Integrator with STIC data alignment based on estimated cardiac pulsation.Figure 7Conceptual demonstration of sub-wavelength localization using deconvolution on synthetic data. (**a**) PSF of the imaging system. FWHM is assumed as 150 µm. (**b**) The locations of the two neighboring targets (Ground truth). Two targets are positioned 70 µm apart. (**c**) The synthetic signal received from two targets is shown in (**b**) using the imaging system with PSF shown in (**a**). This signal is modeled as a received signal in the imaging system whose has PSF shown in (**a**). Two targets cannot be separated in the image due to their distance is shorter than the spatial resolution of the imaging system. (**d**) Deconvolution results of received signal shown in (**c**) using the system PSF shown in (**a**). Two targets are distinctly identified. (**e**) The synthetic signal received from two targets when noise is added is shown in (**b**) using the same imaging system. (**f**) Deconvolution results of (**e**), where two targets are clearly identified with minimal interference due to noise. The simulated echo signal (Fig. [7(c)](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}) is represented by convolving the PSF of the imaging system (Fig. [7(a)](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}) with two point-targets (Fig. [7(b)](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}). Figure [7(c,e)](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"} shows the received signal (indicated by 'Overall') from two targets separated by 70 μm, smaller than the spatial resolution of the system. With using deconvolution (\#s of iteration = 100), however, this signal can be separated into two different targets as shown in Fig. [7(d,f)](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"}. A potential problem with the RL deconvolution algorithm is noise amplification, which is known to be generic for all maximum likelihood techniques. Therefore, any false target can be expected when signal-to-noise ratio is not high enough due to noise-sensitive RL deconvolution. For example, in Fig. [7(e,f)](#Fig7){ref-type="fig"} deconvolving the received signal from two targets with significant Gaussian white noise resulted in imperfect target locations. This high sensitivity to noise can be alleviated with several available standard regulation approaches. In this study, thresholding at −10 dB was applied to pre-deconvolved signal to suppress noise component. Spatio-Temporal-Interframe-Correlation (STIC) based data re-alignment algorithm {#Sec8} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STIC data re-alignment algorithm that synchronizes among collected cardiac cycles based on estimated cardiac pulsation is developed to monitor fast physiological event under limited imaging speed. To capture rapid physiological dynamics at a limited frame rate, sequentially acquired RF data over multiple cardiac cycles can be synchronized based on the cardiac cycle period estimated from the periodically changing signal intensity, which reflects the number of microbubbles. Rigid motion in frame-by-frame caused by respiratory or operator dependent motion was compensated by applying an offset to match acquired images. Offset was estimated by taking 2-dimensional cross-correlation between frames. If correlation coefficient between images is smaller than 0.9, the image can be excluded. The eigen-based spatio-temporal tissue rejection filter technically removes all stationary tissue information except for moving objects, such as microbubbles. At diastolic phase, microbubbles are less likely flow, therefore smaller number of moving microbubbles are detected. On the contrary, the number of detected microbubbles significantly increases as microbubbles are moving fast toward the systole. Low-pass filter is applied to the detected signal from flowing microbubbles to estimate the cardiac period. Figure [8](#Fig8){ref-type="fig"} illustrates an example of the number of detected microbubbles as a function of time (blue solid line) over 2 seconds totaling 1,000 data points. The reference frame for synchronization (red solid line) was chosen at the minima after low pass filtering. The estimated period of 5 Hz by this approach has good agreement with the heart rate recorded by electrocardiogram of 290--310 beats per minute. Figure [9](#Fig9){ref-type="fig"} shows overall graphical diagram of STIC acquisition method. First, we collected raw ultrasound RF data sequentially over multiple cardiac cycles. Acquired US frames are synchronously aligned based on cardiac period estimated by the numbers of microbubbles. Re-aligned images are integrated to form a super-resolution image of single cardiac cycle. In this study, we collected continuous 3,000 frames over 6 seconds, which is equivalent to approximately 15--30 cardiac cycles. Each cardiac cycle was divided by 10 sections and entire dataset was aligned based on section number. Aligned frames in each section were summed to reconstruct single super-resolution frame. Therefore, single cardiac cycle containing 10 reconstructed frames with super-resolution was generated and each super-resolution image contains around 300 acquired frames collected over multiple cardiac cycles.Figure 8Estimated cardiac pulsation by counting the numbers of flowing microbubbles (blue solid line). After applying low-pass-filtering, the frames with minimum value are chosen as reference frames for synchronization (red solid line).Figure 9Graphical diagram of STIC data acquisition. Sequentially acquired multiple datasets are synchronized to form a single cardiac cycle event based on the cardiac pulsation estimated by the numbers of bubbles. Rabbit atherosclerotic plaque model {#Sec9} ----------------------------------- A New Zealand white rabbit (3.5 kg) was fed a high fat and cholesterol diet (cholesterol 1%, peanut oil 2.5%, and fat 10%) over 6 weeks to accelerate development of atherosclerosis^[@CR6]^. Balloon injuries were induced to the superficial femoral artery on the right side of an anaesthetized rabbit (ketamine 150 mg IM, xylazine 8 mg IM and 2.5% inhaled isofluorane) by using a 2F Fogarty balloon catheter (Edwards Life Sciences, CA, USA) one-week after feeding. The balloon inflated at 2 atm was moved back and forth several times to apply injury to the vessel walls around bifurcation area under guidance of high-frequency ultrasound scanning (Vevo2100 equipped with a linear array transducer centered at 18.5 MHz, FUJIFILM Visualsonics, Toronto, On, Canada). Upon completion of imaging, blood of 5 mL was obtained to measure cholesterol concentration. Ultrasound imaging protocol {#Sec10} --------------------------- At twelve weeks after surgery, ultrasound imaging were performed injecting a commercial microbubbles (Definity, Lantheus Medical Imaging, N. Billerica, MA). Mean diameter of microbubbles ranges 1.1--3.3 μm, and concentration of microbubbles is 1.2 × 10^10^ bubbles/mL. A bolus of 0.2 mL microbubbles was intravenously administrated through an ear vein access catheter for each imaging session. An anaesthetized rabbit (same protocol of surgery) was prepared with hair-shaved legs (Fig. [10](#Fig10){ref-type="fig"}). US gel was applied for ultrasonically coupling. Super-resolution US imaging sequence was performed to the surgical side and thereafter contralateral side by using a fully programmable research ultrasound scanner (Vantage 128, Verasonics, Kirkland, WI) equipped with a hockey stick linear array transducer (CL15-7, ATL-Philips, Bothell, WA). A transducer holder was used to fix the transducer. Compounded plane wave images with 3 different angles of total 9,600 frames were acquired in each data acquisition. To verify repeatability, total three datasets were collected on the possibly same imaging plane. All signal processing was performed offline using MATLAB software (Mathworks, Natick, MA). Harmonic MIP imaging was sequentially conducted on the same location by using a commercial ultrasound imaging equipped with a linear array transducer (Acuson Sequoia 512 with 15L8, SIEMENS, Mountain view, CA). To quantify degree of vasa vasorum development, vessel density was calculated by$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Vasa\,Vasorum\,density=\frac{\sum Microbubble\,signal\,intensity\,on\,adventitia\,area}{adventitia\,area}$$\end{document}$$where, adventitia area was manually selected on the B-mode. The animal protocol for this study was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of University of Pittsburgh. All experimental procedures of surgery and *in vivo* imaging were performed in accordance with the all guidelines and regulations detailed in the approved protocol.Figure 10Experiment setup of rabbit imaging. Microbubbles were injected via ear vein access. A hockey stick linear array ultrasound transducer was used for imaging. Transducer holder is used to removing operator-dependent motion in this study. Histology and immunofluorescence {#Sec11} -------------------------------- Femoral arteries were perfusion fixed using paraformaldehyde, and then carefully excised along with a block of the surrounding muscle to save neighbor vasculature in the connective tissues. Excised tissues were then carefully fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in the paraffin-block and serially sectioned. Cross-sections of the paraffin block were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) for endothelium staining. In briefly, for antigen retrieval, treatment dewaxed slides were heated in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0, abcam, Cambridge, MA) at 95 °C for 30 min in blocking solution of goat serum and incubated with the anti-vWF antibody (Millipore, Burlington, MA) at 4 °C overnight. Incubated slides were washed with PBS 3 times for 3 mins. The slides were incubated with Cy3-conjugated IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) and counterstained with DAPI. The stained slides were observed by using a fluorescent microscope (IX-81, Olympus, Center Valley, PA). Brightness (+40%) and contrast (+40%) of acquired fluorescence images were adjusted to improve visibility by using ImageJ software^[@CR43]^. Electronic supplementary material ================================= {#Sec12} Supplementary Video1 Supplementary Video2 **Publisher\'s note:** Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Electronic supplementary material ================================= **Supplementary information** accompanies this paper at 10.1038/s41598-018-32235-2. Small animal imaging system (Vevo2100) was supported by the NIH grant 1S10RR027383-01. Authors thank to Dr. You-Jin Choi, Dr. Hyunjung An and Dr. Jianhui Zhu for great helps and discussions in preparation and analysis of histology samples. Jaesok Yu conceived the idea, developed algorithm, designed and performed experiments, processed and analyzed the data, drafted and finalized the manuscript. Linda Lavery performed animal experiments and discussed the results. Kang Kim conceptualized and designed all experiments, supervised the project, analyzed the results, and outlined and edited the manuscript. All authors proof read the manuscript. Competing Interests {#FPar1} =================== The authors declare no competing interests. | Mid | [
0.587155963302752,
32,
22.5
]
|
The point is that if size_t can't be negative there's no point in checking for it to be < 0. The compiler should notice that and warn you with something like: "comparison will always be false". Please check if it does. If a caller tries to pass a negative number to a function expecting an unsigned type the body of the funcion will see that value reinterpreted as a positive value, which usually gets evaluated as > [maxvalue]. If a check has to be made for negative values it should be made outside of the function, that is while the value is still signed, right after reading it from the stack... | Mid | [
0.5625,
33.75,
26.25
]
|
Q: Passing array to Oracle procedure from c# I'm trying to pass an array to oracle procedure. I searched about it and firstly i created a type named 'dizi' (like here enter link description here). So it works in oracle developer. The problem is; i can't pass my c# array to procedure as a parameter. So how can i pass my array to my procedure? Here is my code (When i execute, oracle error says: Not all variables bound) public void InsertQuestion(List<string> area_list) { quest_areas = area_list.ToArray(); command.Connection = connect; connect.Open(); var arry = command.Parameters.Add("Areas", OracleDbType.Varchar2); arry.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; arry.CollectionType = OracleCollectionType.PLSQLAssociativeArray; arry.Value = quest_areas; command.CommandText ="TESTPROCEDURE(:Areas)"; command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; command.ExecuteNonQuery(); connect.Close(); } A: Define an array type and a procedure: CREATE or replace PACKAGE Testpackage AS TYPE Areas_t is table of VARCHAR(100) index by BINARY_INTEGER; PROCEDURE TESTPROCEDURE(Areas IN Areas_t); END Testpackage; C# routine: public void InsertQuestion(IEnumerable<string> area_list) { var connect = new OracleConnection("YOUR CONNECTION STRING"); var command = new OracleCommand("BEGIN Testpackage.Testprocedure(:Areas); END;", connect); connect.Open(); var arry = command.Parameters.Add("Areas", OracleDbType.Varchar2); arry.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; arry.CollectionType = OracleCollectionType.PLSQLAssociativeArray; arry.Value = area_list.ToArray(); arry.Size = area_list.Count(); arry.ArrayBindSize = area_list.Select(_ => _.Length).ToArray(); arry.ArrayBindStatus = Enumerable.Repeat(OracleParameterStatus.Success, area_list.Count()).ToArray(); command.ExecuteNonQuery(); connect.Close(); } | High | [
0.6921119592875311,
34,
15.125
]
|
/*
* DO NOT EDIT. THIS FILE IS GENERATED FROM e:/builds/moz2_slave/mozilla-1.9.1-win32-xulrunner/build/dom/public/idl/html/nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement.idl
*/
#ifndef __gen_nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement_h__
#define __gen_nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement_h__
#ifndef __gen_nsIDOMHTMLMediaElement_h__
#include "nsIDOMHTMLMediaElement.h"
#endif
/* For IDL files that don't want to include root IDL files. */
#ifndef NS_NO_VTABLE
#define NS_NO_VTABLE
#endif
/* starting interface: nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement */
#define NS_IDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT_IID_STR "4e3f05a5-ca9b-4576-af7f-b1d4038e6eb3"
#define NS_IDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT_IID \
{0x4e3f05a5, 0xca9b, 0x4576, \
{ 0xaf, 0x7f, 0xb1, 0xd4, 0x03, 0x8e, 0x6e, 0xb3 }}
/**
* The nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement interface is the interface to a HTML
* <video> element.
*
* For more information on this interface, please see
* http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/#video
*
* @status UNDER_DEVELOPMENT
*/
class NS_NO_VTABLE NS_SCRIPTABLE nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement : public nsIDOMHTMLMediaElement {
public:
NS_DECLARE_STATIC_IID_ACCESSOR(NS_IDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT_IID)
/* attribute long width; */
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetWidth(PRInt32 *aWidth) = 0;
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetWidth(PRInt32 aWidth) = 0;
/* attribute long height; */
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetHeight(PRInt32 *aHeight) = 0;
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetHeight(PRInt32 aHeight) = 0;
/* readonly attribute unsigned long videoWidth; */
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoWidth(PRUint32 *aVideoWidth) = 0;
/* readonly attribute unsigned long videoHeight; */
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoHeight(PRUint32 *aVideoHeight) = 0;
};
NS_DEFINE_STATIC_IID_ACCESSOR(nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement, NS_IDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT_IID)
/* Use this macro when declaring classes that implement this interface. */
#define NS_DECL_NSIDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetWidth(PRInt32 *aWidth); \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetWidth(PRInt32 aWidth); \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetHeight(PRInt32 *aHeight); \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetHeight(PRInt32 aHeight); \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoWidth(PRUint32 *aVideoWidth); \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoHeight(PRUint32 *aVideoHeight);
/* Use this macro to declare functions that forward the behavior of this interface to another object. */
#define NS_FORWARD_NSIDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT(_to) \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetWidth(PRInt32 *aWidth) { return _to GetWidth(aWidth); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetWidth(PRInt32 aWidth) { return _to SetWidth(aWidth); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetHeight(PRInt32 *aHeight) { return _to GetHeight(aHeight); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetHeight(PRInt32 aHeight) { return _to SetHeight(aHeight); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoWidth(PRUint32 *aVideoWidth) { return _to GetVideoWidth(aVideoWidth); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoHeight(PRUint32 *aVideoHeight) { return _to GetVideoHeight(aVideoHeight); }
/* Use this macro to declare functions that forward the behavior of this interface to another object in a safe way. */
#define NS_FORWARD_SAFE_NSIDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT(_to) \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetWidth(PRInt32 *aWidth) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->GetWidth(aWidth); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetWidth(PRInt32 aWidth) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->SetWidth(aWidth); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetHeight(PRInt32 *aHeight) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->GetHeight(aHeight); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD SetHeight(PRInt32 aHeight) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->SetHeight(aHeight); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoWidth(PRUint32 *aVideoWidth) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->GetVideoWidth(aVideoWidth); } \
NS_SCRIPTABLE NS_IMETHOD GetVideoHeight(PRUint32 *aVideoHeight) { return !_to ? NS_ERROR_NULL_POINTER : _to->GetVideoHeight(aVideoHeight); }
#if 0
/* Use the code below as a template for the implementation class for this interface. */
/* Header file */
class nsDOMHTMLVideoElement : public nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement
{
public:
NS_DECL_ISUPPORTS
NS_DECL_NSIDOMHTMLVIDEOELEMENT
nsDOMHTMLVideoElement();
private:
~nsDOMHTMLVideoElement();
protected:
/* additional members */
};
/* Implementation file */
NS_IMPL_ISUPPORTS1(nsDOMHTMLVideoElement, nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement)
nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::nsDOMHTMLVideoElement()
{
/* member initializers and constructor code */
}
nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::~nsDOMHTMLVideoElement()
{
/* destructor code */
}
/* attribute long width; */
NS_IMETHODIMP nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::GetWidth(PRInt32 *aWidth)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
NS_IMETHODIMP nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::SetWidth(PRInt32 aWidth)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/* attribute long height; */
NS_IMETHODIMP nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::GetHeight(PRInt32 *aHeight)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
NS_IMETHODIMP nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::SetHeight(PRInt32 aHeight)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/* readonly attribute unsigned long videoWidth; */
NS_IMETHODIMP nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::GetVideoWidth(PRUint32 *aVideoWidth)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/* readonly attribute unsigned long videoHeight; */
NS_IMETHODIMP nsDOMHTMLVideoElement::GetVideoHeight(PRUint32 *aVideoHeight)
{
return NS_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
}
/* End of implementation class template. */
#endif
#endif /* __gen_nsIDOMHTMLVideoElement_h__ */
| Low | [
0.50190114068441,
33,
32.75
]
|
It is known to make caskets for the final disposal of human remains by scoring and cutting a flat blank of corrugated fiberboard and then folding it up to form a casket body for receiving the corpse. Such caskets and methods for making them are disclosed, for example, in U.S Pat. No. 4,967,445, issued Nov. 6, 1990 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,773,134, issued Sep. 27, 1988. The casket body is preferably covered interiorly with a liquid-impervious liner, and its exterior provided with a decorative covering. Such caskets require substantial finishing work after the precursor blank has been folded up into casket form, to install the interior lining and the exterior covering. This constitutes a substantial and commercially important drawback, especially in certain situations. For example, it is often desirable to be able to ship the flat precursor blank to a remote point of use, which may be in a foreign country, where unskilled persons can take the blank and convert it into a completed casket body. According to the prior art, one must either ship and store the casket in final assembled form, which because of its substantial volume is very costly and inconvenient, or provide skilled workmen at the point of use to apply the liner and decorative covering, which is also expensive and inconvenient. A principal object of the present invention is to provide a casket, casket precursor and method for converting the precursor into a casket, which permit shipment and storage of the precursor as a flat blank, and permit easy, quick conversion of the precursor blank into a casket body with liner and exterior covering, without requiring skilled labor or expensive tools. | Mid | [
0.6033755274261601,
35.75,
23.5
]
|
Erythrocyte aging: a more than superficial resemblance to apoptosis? In physiological circumstances, erythrocyte aging leads to binding of autologous IgG followed by recognition and removal through phagocytosis, mainly by Kupffer cells in the liver. This process is triggered by the appearance of a senescent erythrocyte-specific antigen. The functional and structural characteristics of senescent erythrocytes strongly suggest that this antigen originates on band 3, probably by calcium-induced proteolysis. Generation of vesicles enriched in denatured hemoglobin is an integral part of the erythrocyte aging process. These vesicles are also removed by Kupffer cells, with a major role for exposure of phosphatidylserine. Moreover, senescent erythrocyte-specific antigens are present on vesicles. Thus, vesicles and senescent erythrocytes may be recognized and removed through the same signals. These and other, recent data support the theory that erythrocyte aging is a form of apoptosis that is concentrated in the cell membrane, and provide the context for future studies on initiation and regulation of the erythrocyte aging process. Insight into the normal aging mechanism is essential for understanding the fate of erythrocytes in pathological circumstances and the survival of donor erythrocytes after transfusion. | Mid | [
0.6533665835411471,
32.75,
17.375
]
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <paths> <external-path name="Pictures" path="."/> </paths> | Low | [
0.30856219709208405,
11.9375,
26.75
]
|
Q: Why am I getting near "INTEGER": syntax error? In a certain function, I'm making a table within a database, but for this bit of code: cur.execute('CREATE TABLE count(value1 TEXT, value2 INTEGER') I'm getting a "near "INTEGER": syntax error". Any idea what's causing the problem A: You didn't complete your SQL syntax and you missed a closing parenthesis there. cur.execute('CREATE TABLE count(value1 TEXT, value2 INTEGER)') ^ | Mid | [
0.617571059431524,
29.875,
18.5
]
|
CityU NewsCentre State key laboratory in marine pollution established Michelle Leung City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has obtained approval from the Ministry of Science and Technology to set up the State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution. The laboratory will build on the solid foundation of marine pollution research work at CityU, and conduct research on marine environment for the benefit of China and its people, besides promoting collaboration between the mainland and Hong Kong on the development in related technologies. “CityU has obtained high level results in marine pollution research and its research teams and facilities are among the best,” said Professor Way Kuo, University President. “With the establishment of the State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, CityU will continue to contribute to society through research, technology innovation and knowledge transfer.” The laboratory will respond to China’s pressing and important needs in protecting its marine environment and biological resources, as well as ecological safety, and will help address complex environmental issues related to toxic chemical pollution, eutrophication, hypoxia, biological toxins and aquatic pathogenic bacteria. According to Professor Paul Lam Kwan-sing, Director of the laboratory, Vice-President (Student Affairs) and Chair Professor of Biology, the laboratory has signed a partnership agreement with the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, under which the two will work together and make even greater contributions to research on issues related to marine environment and sustainable development in China. The two laboratories have a number of research interests in common, particularly complementary in the area of environmental fate and ecological and toxicological effects of pollutants. In addition to academic exchange and sharing of information and research facilities, the two laboratories will undertake key research projects jointly, including: quantitative monitoring of emerging chemical pollutants in marine environment;developing medaka fish into a typical marine organism for addressing ecotoxicological and marine pollution issues; on-site monitoring of presence of metals and trace-level organic compounds in China’s coastline seas using artificial mussels and SPMD technology; and developing critical technology for environmental and eco-rehabilitation. The State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution is the second state key laboratory established at CityU, where researchers will work in collaboration with their counterpart from the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Baptist University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The first state key laboratory at CityU, set up in 2008, was in the field of millimeter waves. | High | [
0.6981132075471691,
37,
16
]
|
[Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) plays a role in destruction of joint tissue in rapidly destructive coxarthropathy (RDC)]. Proliferation of small vessels including capillaries in joint tissues is one of the significant histopathological features of rapidly destructive coxarthropathy (RDC). To examine the relationship between the angiogenesis and bone destruction, expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR), which are necessary for angiogenesis was histochemically investigated. Synovia and cartilage-bone tissues of femoral head were obtained from RDC patients at total hip replacement (THR). These joint tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and cartilage-bone tissues were decalcified, additionally. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin sections, using monoclonal antibodies against human uPA and uPAR. There was a difference between expression of uPA and that of uPAR. Expression of uPA was observed in many types of cells such as osteoclasts, giant cells, fibroblast-like cells and macrophages, of which osteoclasts and giant cells were most prominent. On the other hand, expression of uPAR was detected mainly in fibroblast-like cells and macrophages and rarely seen in osteoclasts and giant cells. These results indicate that uPA-plasmin system contributes to bone destruction in RDC, and furthermore, that fibroblast-like cells and macrophages play an important role in activation of uPA-plasmin system. | Mid | [
0.644836272040302,
32,
17.625
]
|
--- address: | $^a$Institute for Theoretical Physics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary\ $^b$Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Germany\ $^c$Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany author: - 'F. CSIKOR$^{\lowercase{a}}$, G.I. EGRI$^{\lowercase{a}}$, Z. FODOR$^{\lowercase{a,b}}$, S.D. KATZ$^{\lowercase{c}}$[^1], K.K. SZABÓ$^{\lowercase{a}}$, A.I. TÓTH$^{\lowercase{a}}$' title: 'Lattice QCD at non-vanishing density: phase diagram, equation of state' --- Introduction ============ QCD at finite $T$ and/or $\mu$ is of fundamental importance, since it describes physics relevant in the early universe, in neutron stars and in heavy ion collisions. Extensive experimental work has been done with heavy ion collisions at CERN and Brookhaven to explore the $\mu$-$T$ phase boundary (cf. [@S02]). Note, that past, present and future heavy ion experiments with always higher and higher energies produce states closer and closer to the $T$ axis of the $\mu$-$T$ diagram. It is a long-standing question, whether a critical point exists on the $\mu$-$T$ plane, and particularly how to tell its location theoretically [@crit_point]. Universal arguments [@PW84] and lattice results [@U97] indicate that at $\mu$=0 the real world probably has a crossover. Arguments based on a variety of models (see e.g. [@B89; @qcd_phase; @crit_point]) predict a first order finite $T$ phase transition at large $\mu$. Combining the $\mu=0$ and large $\mu$ informations suggests that the phase diagram features a critical endpoint $E$ (with chemical potential $\mu_E$ and temperature $T_E$), at which the line of first order phase transitions ($\mu>\mu_E$ and $T<T_E$) ends [@crit_point]. At E the phase transition is of second order and long wavelength fluctuations appear, which results in (see e.g. [@BPSS01]) consequences, similar to critical opalescence. Passing close enough to ($\mu_E$,$T_E$) one expects simultaneous signatures which exhibit non-monotonic dependence on the control parameters [@SRS99], since one can miss the critical point on either side. The location of E is an unambiguous, non-perturbative prediction of QCD. No [*ab initio*]{}, lattice QCD study based was done to locate E. Crude models with $m_s=\infty$ were used (e.g. [@crit_point]) suggesting that $\mu_E \approx$ 700 MeV, which should be smaller for finite $m_s$. The goal of our work is to propose a new method to study lattice QCD at finite $\mu$ and apply it to locate the endpoint. We use full QCD with dynamical $n_f$=2+1 staggered quarks. QCD at finite $\mu$ can be given on the lattice [@HK83]; however, standard Monte-Carlo techniques fail. At Re($\mu$)$\neq$0 the determinant of the Euclidean Dirac operator is complex, which spoils any importance sampling method. Several suggestions were studied in detail to solve the problem. For small gauge coupling an attractive approach is the “Glasgow method” [@glasgow] in which the partition function is expanded in powers of $\exp(\mu/T)$ by using an ensemble of configurations weighted by the $\mu$=0 action. After collecting more than 20 million configurations only unphysical results were obtained: a premature onset transition. The reason is that the $\mu$=0 ensemble does not overlap sufficiently with the states of interest. We show how to handle this problem for small $\mu$ values. At imaginary $\mu$ the measure remains positive and standard Monte Carlo techniques apply. One can also use the fact that the partition function away from the transition line should be an analytic function of $\mu$, and the fit for imaginary $\mu$ values could be analytically continued to real values of $\mu$ [@deForcrand:2002ci; @D'Elia:2002aa]. Due to the renewed interest several promising ideas appeared in the last years (without giving a complete list see e.g. [@Hong:2003fe; @Ambjorn:2002pz; @Wiese:ws; @Liu:2002qr; @Akemann:2003by]). ![Schematic difference between the present and the Glasgow methods.[]{data-label="fig1"}](method.eps){width="6.9cm"} We propose a method to reduce the overlap problem and determine the phase diagram in the $\mu$-T plane (for details see [@Fodor:2001au]). The idea is to produce an ensemble of QCD configurations at $\mu$=0 and at the transition temperature $T_c$. Then we determine the Boltzmann weights [@FS89] of these configurations at $\mu\neq 0$ and at $T$ lowered to the transition temperatures at this non-vanishing $\mu$. Since transition configurations are reweighted to transition ones a much better overlap can be observed than by reweighting pure hadronic configurations to transition ones [@glasgow]. Since the original ensemble is collected at $\mu$=0 we do not expect it to be able to describe the physics of the large $\mu$ region with e.g. exotic colour superconductivity. Fortunately, the typical $\mu$ values at present heavy ion accelerators are smaller than the region we cover. We illustrate the applicability of the method and locate the critical point of QCD. (Multi-dimensional reweighting was successful for determining the endpoint of the hot electroweak plasma [@ewpt] e.g. on 4D lattices.) Furthermore we give the equation of state of the QCD plasma at non-vanishing temperature and chemical potential. Overlap improving multi-parameter reweighting ============================================= Let us study a generic system of fermions $\psi$ and bosons $\phi$, where the fermion Lagrange density is ${\bar \psi}M(\phi)\psi$. Integrating over the Grassmann fields we get: $$\label{path_int} Z(\alpha)=\int{ D}\phi \exp[-S_{bos}(\alpha,\phi)]\det M(\phi,\alpha),$$ where $\alpha$ is the parameter set of the Lagrangian. In the case of staggered QCD $\alpha$ consists of $\beta$, $m_q$ and $\mu$. For some choice of the parameters $\alpha$=$\alpha_0$ importance sampling can be done (e.g. for Re($\mu$)=0). Rewriting eq. (\[path\_int\]) $$\begin{aligned} \label{reweight} Z(\alpha)= \int { D}\phi \exp[-S_{bos}(\alpha_0,\phi)]\det M(\phi,\alpha_0)&& \nonumber \\ \left\{\exp[-S_{bos}(\alpha,\phi)+S_{bos}(\alpha_0,\phi)] {\det M(\phi,\alpha) \over \det M(\phi,\alpha_0)}\right\}.&&\end{aligned}$$ The curly bracket is measured on each independent configuration and is interpreted as a weight factor $\{ w(\beta,\mu,m,U)\}$. The rest is treated as the integration measure. Changing only one parameter of the ensemble generated at $\alpha_0$ provides an accurate value for some observables only for high statistics. This is ensured by rare fluctuations as the mismatched measure occasionally sampled the regions where the integrand is large. This is the overlap problem. Having several parameters the set $\alpha_0$ can be adjusted to get a better overlap than obtained by varying only one parameter. The basic idea of the method as applied to dynamical QCD can be summarized as follows. We study the system at ${\rm Re}(\mu)$=0 around its transition point. Using a Glasgow-type technique we calculate the determinants for each configuration for a set of $\mu$, which, similarly to the Ferrenberg-Swendsen method [@FS89], can be used for reweighting. The average plaquette values can be used to perform an additional reweighting in $\beta$. Since transition configurations were reweighted to transition ones a much better overlap can be observed than by reweighting pure hadronic configurations to transition ones as done by the Glasgow-type techniques. The differences between the two methods are shown in Figure \[fig1\]. (Note, that reweighting techniques have very broad applicability. E.g. recently it was possible to determine the topological susceptibility with overlap fermions [@Kovacs:2001bx].) The endpoint of $n_f=2+1$ QCD ============================= In QCD with $n_f$ staggered quarks one changes the determinants to their $n_f$/4 power in our two equations. Importance sampling works at some $\beta$ and at Re($\mu$)=0. Since $\det M$ is complex an additional problem arises, one should choose among the possible Riemann-sheets of the fractional power in eq. (\[reweight\]). This can be done by using [@Fodor:2001au] the fact that at $\mu$=$\mu_w$ the ratio of the determinants is 1 and it should be a continuous function of $\mu$. In the following we keep $\mu$ real and look for the zeros of $Z$ for complex $\beta$. At a first order phase transition the free energy $\propto \log Z(\beta)$ is non-analytic. A phase transition appears only in the V$\rightarrow \infty$ limit, but not in a finite $V$. Nevertheless, $Z$ has zeros at finite V, which are at complex parameters (e.g. $\beta$). For a system with first order transition these zeros approach the real axis as V$\rightarrow \infty$ by a $1/V$ scaling. This V$\rightarrow \infty$ limit generates the non-analyticity of the free energy. For a system with crossover $Z$ is analytic, and the zeros do not approach the real axis as V$\rightarrow \infty$. ![The T-$\mu$ diagram. Direct results are given with errorbars. The dotted line shows the crossover, the solid line the first order transition. The box gives the uncertainties of the endpoint.[]{data-label="fig4"}](phase_diag.eps){width="6.9cm"} At T$\neq$0 we used $L_t$=4, $L_s$=4,6,8 lattices. T=0 runs were done on $10^3\cdot$ 16 lattices. $m_{u,d}$=0.025 and $m_s$=0.2 were our bare quark masses. At $T\neq 0$ we determined the complex valued Lee-Yang zeros [@LY52], $\beta_0$, for different V-s as a function of $\mu$. Their V$\rightarrow \infty$ limit was given by a $\beta_0(V)=\beta_0^\infty+\zeta/V$ extrapolation. We used 14000, 3600 and 840 configurations on $L_s$=4,6 and $8$ lattices, respectively. For small $\mu$ values Im($\beta_0^\infty$) is inconsistent with zero, and predicts a crossover. Increasing $\mu$, the value of Im($\beta_0^\infty$) decreases. Thus the transition becomes consistent with a first order phase transition. Our primary result is $\mu_{end}=0.375(20)$ in lattice units. To set the physical scale we used an average of $R_0$, $m_\rho$ and $\sqrt{\sigma}$. Including systematics due to finite V we have $(R_0\cdot m_\pi)=0.73(6)$, which is at least twice, $m_{u,d}$ is at least four times as large as the physical values. Figure \[fig4\] shows the phase diagram in physical units, thus $T$ as a function of $\mu_B$, the baryonic chemical potential (which is three times larger than the quark chemical potential). The endpoint is at $T_E=160 \pm 3.5$ MeV, $\mu_E=725 \pm 35$ MeV. At $\mu_B$=0 we obtained $T_c=172 \pm 3$ MeV. Using a Taylor expansion around $\mu$=0, T$\neq$0 for small $\mu$ can be used to determine the curvature of the phase diagram and to calculate thermal properties [@Allton:2002zi]. A different method, analytic continuation from imaginary $\mu$, confirmed also the results of [@Fodor:2001au] on the $\mu$–$T$ diagram [@deForcrand:2002ci; @D'Elia:2002aa]. Equation of state at non-vanishing T and $\mu$ ============================================== ![\[weightlines\] The best weight lines on the $\mu$–$\beta$ plane. In the middle we indicate the transition line. Its first dotted part is the crossover region. The blob represents the critical endpoint, after which the transition is of first order. The integration paths used to calculate $p$ are shown by the arrows along the $\beta$ axis and the best weight lines. ](figure1.eps){width="6.9cm"} The equation of state (EOS) at $\mu$$\neq$0 is essential to describe the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formation at heavy ion collider experiments. Results are only available for $\mu$=0 (e.g. [@Gottlieb:1996ae; @Karsch:2000ps; @AliKhan:2001ek]) at T$\neq$0. ![\[eos\_p0\] $p$ normalised by $T^4$ as a function of $T/T_c$ at $\mu=0$ (to help the continuum interpretation the raw lattice result is multiplied by $c_\mu$=0.446). ](figure5.eps){width="6.9cm"} ![\[eosmu\_p\_sub\] $\Delta p = p(\mu \neq 0, T)-p(\mu=0, T)$ normalised by $T^4$ as a function of $T/T_c$ for $\mu_B$=100, 210, 330, 410 MeV and 530 MeV (from bottom to top). To help the continuum interpretation the raw lattice result is multiplied by $c_{\mu}$=0.446. ](figure6.eps){width="6.9cm"} We use 4 $\cdot N_s^3$ lattices at $T$$\neq$0 with $N_s$=8,10,12 for reweighting and we extrapolate to V$\rightarrow$$\infty$ using the available volumes ($V$). At $T$=0 lattices of $24\cdot14^3$ are taken for vacuum subtraction and to connect lattice parameters to physical quantities. 14 different $\beta$ values are used, which correspond to $T/T_c=0.8,\dots,3$. Our T=0 simulations provided $R_0$ and $\sigma$. The lattice spacing at $T_c$ is $\approx$0.25–0.30 fm. We use 2+1 flavours of dynamical staggered quarks. While varying $\beta$ (thus T) we keep the physical quark masses approx. constant (the pion to rho mass ratio is $m_\pi/m_\rho\approx$0.66). The determination of the equation of state at $\mu\neq$0 needs several observables, ${ O}$, at $\mu$$\neq$0. This is obtained by using the weights of eq. (\[reweight\]) $${\overline { O}}(\beta,\mu,m)=\frac{\sum \{w(\beta,\mu,m,U)\} { O}(\beta,\mu,m,U)}{\sum \{w(\beta,\mu,m,U)\}}.$$ $p$ can be obtained from the partition function as $p$=$T\cdot\partial \log Z/ \partial V$ which can be written as $p$=(T/V)$\cdot\log Z$ for large homogeneous systems. On the lattice we can only determine the derivatives of $\log Z$ with respect to the parameters of the action ($\beta, m, \mu$). Using the notation $\langle { O}(\beta,\mu,m) \rangle$= ${\overline {{ {O}}}(\beta,\mu,m)}_{T\neq0}- {\overline {{ O}}(\beta,\mu=0,m)}_{T=0}$. $p$ can be written as an integral [@Engels:1990vr]: $$\begin{aligned} &&\frac{p}{T^4}=\frac{1}{T^3 V} \int d(\beta, m,\mu ) \\ &&\left( \left\langle \frac{\partial(\log Z)}{\partial \beta}\right\rangle, \left\langle \frac{\partial(\log Z)}{\partial m}\right\rangle, \left\langle \frac{\partial(\log Z)}{\partial \mu }\right\rangle\right). \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ The integral is by definition independent of the integration path. The chosen integration paths are shown in Fig \[weightlines\]. The energy density can be written as $\epsilon =(T^2/V)\cdot \partial(\log Z)/\partial {T} +(\mu T/V)\cdot \partial(\log Z)/\partial\mu$. By changing the lattice spacing $T$ and $V$ are simultaneously varied. The special combination $\epsilon-3p$ contains only derivatives with respect to $a$ and $\mu$: $$\frac{\epsilon-3p}{T^4}=-\left.\frac{a}{T^3V}\frac{\partial \log(Z)}{\partial a}\right|_\mu +\left. \frac{\mu}{T^3 V}\frac{\partial(\log Z)}{\partial\mu}\right|_a.$$ ![\[interaction\] $(\epsilon-3p)/T^4$ at $\mu_B$=0, 210, 410 MeV and 530 MeV versus $T/T_c$ (from bottom to top). To help the continuum interpretation the raw lattice result is multiplied by $c_p$=0.518. ](figure8.eps){width="6.9cm"} ![\[density\] $n_B/T^3$ versus $T/T_c$ for the same $\mu_B$ values as in Fig. 3 (from bottom to top). (to help the continuum interpretation the raw lattice result is multiplied by $c_\mu$=0.446). As a reference value the line starting in the left upper corner indicates the nuclear density. ](figure9.eps){width="6.9cm"} The quark number density is $n=(T/V)\cdot \partial \log(Z)/\partial \mu$ which can be measured directly or obtained from $p$ (baryon density is $n_B$=$n$/3 and baryonic chemical potential is $\mu_B$=3$\mu$). We present direct lattice results on $p(\mu=0,T)$, $\Delta p(\mu,T)=p(\mu\neq 0,T)-p(\mu=0,T)$, $\epsilon(\mu,T)$-3$p(\mu,T)$ and $n_B(\mu,T)$. Additional overall factors were used to help the phenomenological interpretation. Fig. \[eos\_p0\] shows $p$ at $\mu$=0. In Fig. \[eosmu\_p\_sub\] we show $\Delta p/T^4$ for different $\mu$ values. Fig. \[interaction\] shows $\epsilon$-3$p$ normalised by $T^4$, which tends to zero for large $T$. Fig. \[density\] gives the baryonic density as a function of $T/T_c$ for different $\mu$-s. The densities can exceed the nuclear density by up to an order of magnitude. An important finding concerns the applicability of our reweighting method: the maximal $\mu$ scales with the volume as $\mu_{\rm{max}}\cdot a \sim (N_t\cdot N_s^3)^{-0.25}$. If this behaviour persists, one could –in principle– approach the true continuum limit ($a \sim 1/N_t \sim (N_t\cdot N_s^3)^{-0.25}$, thus $\mu_{\rm{max}}$$\approx$const.). Conclusion ========== We proposed a method –an overlap improving multi-parameter reweighting technique– to numerically study non-zero $\mu$ and determine the phase diagram in the $T$-$\mu$ plane. Our method is applicable to any number of Wilson or staggered quarks. We studied the $\mu$-$T$ phase diagram of QCD with dynamical $n_f$=2+1 quarks. Using our method we obtained $T_E$$\approx$160 MeV and $\mu_E$$\approx$700 MeV for the endpoint. Though $\mu_E$ is too large to be studied at RHIC or LHC, the endpoint would probably move closer to the $\mu$=0 axis when the quark masses get reduced. The equation of state was determined on the temperature versus chemical potential plane. According to our results the applicability range of the overlap improving multi-parameter reweighting method for the quark chemical potential can be summarized as $\mu{\mathop{\lsi}}T$. Clearly, more work is needed to get the final values by extrapolating in the R-algorithm and to the thermodynamic, chiral and continuum limits. The details of the presented results can be found in [@Fodor:2001au; @Csikor:2002aa]. Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered} ================ This work was partially supported by Hungarian Scientific grants OTKA-T37615/T34980/T29803/M37071/OMFB1548/OMMU-708. For the simulations a modified version of the MILC public code was used (see http://physics.indiana.edu/ sg/milc.html). The simulations were carried out on the Eötvös Univ., Inst. Theor. Phys. 163 node parallel PC cluster. [99]{} J. Stachel, these proceedings. M. Halasz [*et al.*]{} Phys. Rev. D58 (1998) 096007; J. Berges, K. Rajagopal, Nucl. Phys. B538 (1999) 215. M. Stephanov, K. Rajagopal, E. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4816; T.M. Schwarz, S.P. Klevansky, G. Papp, Phys. Rev. C60 (1999) 055205. R. Pisarski and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. D29 (1984) 338; F. Wilczek, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A7 (1992) 3911; K. Rajagopal and F. Wilczek, Nucl. Phys. B399 (1993) 395. For recent reviews see: A. Ukawa, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 53 (1997) 106; E. Laerman, [*ibid*]{}. 63 (1998) 114; F. Karsch, [*ibid*]{}. 83 (2000) 14; S. Ejiri, [*ibid*]{}. 94 (2001) 19; S. Hands, [*ibid*]{} 106 (2002) 142; J. B. Kogut, arXiv:hep-lat/0208077; a review comparing recent analytic and lattice results: M. G. Alford, arXiv:hep-ph/0209287. F.K. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 2491; S. Aoki et al., Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 73 (1999) 459. A. Barducci et al., Phys. Lett. B231 (1989) 463; Phys. Rev. D41 (1990) 1610; [*ibid*]{}. D49 (1994) 426; S.P. Klevansky, Rev. Mod. Phys. 64 (1992) 649; M. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, (1996) 4472. M. Alford, K. Rajagopal and F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. B422 (1998) 247; Nucl. Phys. B537 (1999) 443; R. Rapp, T. Schäfer, E.V. Shuryak and M. Velkovsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 53; for a recent review with references see K. Rajagopal and F. Wilczek, hep-ph/0011333. S. Borsányi et al., Phys. Rev. D64 (2001) 125011. M. Stephanov, K. Rajagopal and E. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 114028. P. Hasenfratz and F. Karsch, Phys. Lett. B125 (1983) 308; J. Kogut et al., Nucl. Phys. B225 (1983) 93. I.M. Barbour [*et al.*]{}, Nucl. Phys. [**B**]{} (Proc. Suppl.) [**60A**]{} (1998) 220. P. de Forcrand and O. Philipsen, hep-lat/0205016; hep-lat/0209084; P. de Forcrand, these proceedings. M. D’Elia, M.P. Lombardo, hep-lat/0209146. D. K. Hong and S. D. Hsu, Phys. Rev. D [**66**]{} (2002) 071501; D. K. Hong, these proceedings arXiv:hep-ph/0301125. J. Ambjorn et al., JHEP [**0210**]{} (2002) 062 U. J. Wiese, Nucl. Phys. A [**702**]{} (2002) 211. K. F. Liu, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B [**16**]{} (2002) 2017. G. Akemann and T. Wettig, these proceedings, arXiv:hep-lat/0301017. Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, Phys. Lett. B [**534**]{} (2002) 87; JHEP [**0203**]{} (2002) 014. A.M. Ferrenberg, R.H. Swendsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 (1989) 1195; 61 (1988) 2635. T. G. Kovacs, arXiv:hep-lat/0111021. Y. Aoki et al., Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 013001; F. Csikor, Z. Fodor and J. Heitger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 21; for details of the electroweak simulations see e.g. F. Csikor et al., Phys. Lett. B 357 (1995) 156 and references therein. C.N. Yang and T.D. Lee, Phys. Rev. 87 (1952) 404. C. R. Allton [*et al.*]{}, hep-lat/0204010; S. Ejiri [*et al.*]{}, hep-lat/0209012; C. Schmidt [*et al*]{}, hep-lat/0209009, C. Schmidt, hep-lat/0210037, S. Ejiri, hep-lat/0212022. S. Gottlieb [*et al.*]{}, Phys. Rev. D [**55**]{} (1997) 6852. F. Karsch, E. Laermann and A. Peikert, Phys. Lett. B [**478**]{} (2000) 447. A. Ali Khan [*et al.*]{} \[CP-PACS collaboration\], Phys. Rev. D [**64**]{} (2001) 074510. J. Engels [*et al.*]{}, Phys. Lett. B [**252**]{} (1990) 625. Z. Fodor, S.D. Katz and K.K. Szabó, hep-lat/0208078; F. Csikor et al., in preparation. [^1]: on leave from nstitute for heoretical hysics, ötvös niversity, udapest, ungary | Mid | [
0.5750000000000001,
28.75,
21.25
]
|
/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Mupen64plus-core - m64p_types.h * * Mupen64Plus homepage: https://mupen64plus.org/ * * Copyright (C) 2012 CasualJames * * Copyright (C) 2009 Richard Goedeken * * * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * * (at your option) any later version. * * * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * * GNU General Public License for more details. * * * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * * along with this program; if not, write to the * * Free Software Foundation, Inc., * * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */ #if !defined(M64P_TYPES_H) #define M64P_TYPES_H /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* Platform-specific stuff */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* necessary headers */ #include <stdint.h> #if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64) #include <windows.h> #endif /* DLL handles and function declaration specifiers */ #if defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64) #define IMPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) #define EXPORT __declspec(dllexport) #define CALL __cdecl typedef HMODULE m64p_dynlib_handle; #else #define IMPORT extern "C" #define EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default"))) #define CALL typedef void * m64p_dynlib_handle; #endif /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* Structures and Types for Core library API */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ typedef void * m64p_handle; typedef void (*m64p_frame_callback)(unsigned int FrameIndex); typedef void (*m64p_input_callback)(void); typedef void (*m64p_audio_callback)(void); typedef void (*m64p_vi_callback)(void); typedef enum { M64TYPE_INT = 1, M64TYPE_FLOAT, M64TYPE_BOOL, M64TYPE_STRING } m64p_type; typedef enum { M64MSG_ERROR = 1, M64MSG_WARNING, M64MSG_INFO, M64MSG_STATUS, M64MSG_VERBOSE } m64p_msg_level; typedef enum { M64ERR_SUCCESS = 0, M64ERR_NOT_INIT, /* Function is disallowed before InitMupen64Plus() is called */ M64ERR_ALREADY_INIT, /* InitMupen64Plus() was called twice */ M64ERR_INCOMPATIBLE, /* API versions between components are incompatible */ M64ERR_INPUT_ASSERT, /* Invalid parameters for function call, such as ParamValue=NULL for GetCoreParameter() */ M64ERR_INPUT_INVALID, /* Invalid input data, such as ParamValue="maybe" for SetCoreParameter() to set a BOOL-type value */ M64ERR_INPUT_NOT_FOUND, /* The input parameter(s) specified a particular item which was not found */ M64ERR_NO_MEMORY, /* Memory allocation failed */ M64ERR_FILES, /* Error opening, creating, reading, or writing to a file */ M64ERR_INTERNAL, /* Internal error (bug) */ M64ERR_INVALID_STATE, /* Current program state does not allow operation */ M64ERR_PLUGIN_FAIL, /* A plugin function returned a fatal error */ M64ERR_SYSTEM_FAIL, /* A system function call, such as an SDL or file operation, failed */ M64ERR_UNSUPPORTED, /* Function call is not supported (ie, core not built with debugger) */ M64ERR_WRONG_TYPE /* A given input type parameter cannot be used for desired operation */ } m64p_error; typedef enum { M64CAPS_DYNAREC = 1, M64CAPS_DEBUGGER = 2, M64CAPS_CORE_COMPARE = 4 } m64p_core_caps; typedef enum { M64PLUGIN_NULL = 0, M64PLUGIN_RSP = 1, M64PLUGIN_GFX, M64PLUGIN_AUDIO, M64PLUGIN_INPUT, M64PLUGIN_CORE } m64p_plugin_type; typedef enum { M64EMU_STOPPED = 1, M64EMU_RUNNING, M64EMU_PAUSED } m64p_emu_state; typedef enum { M64VIDEO_NONE = 1, M64VIDEO_WINDOWED, M64VIDEO_FULLSCREEN } m64p_video_mode; typedef enum { M64VIDEOFLAG_SUPPORT_RESIZING = 1 } m64p_video_flags; typedef enum { M64CORE_EMU_STATE = 1, M64CORE_VIDEO_MODE, M64CORE_SAVESTATE_SLOT, M64CORE_SPEED_FACTOR, M64CORE_SPEED_LIMITER, M64CORE_VIDEO_SIZE, M64CORE_AUDIO_VOLUME, M64CORE_AUDIO_MUTE, M64CORE_INPUT_GAMESHARK, M64CORE_STATE_LOADCOMPLETE, M64CORE_STATE_SAVECOMPLETE } m64p_core_param; typedef enum { M64CMD_NOP = 0, M64CMD_ROM_OPEN, M64CMD_ROM_CLOSE, M64CMD_ROM_GET_HEADER, M64CMD_ROM_GET_SETTINGS, M64CMD_EXECUTE, M64CMD_STOP, M64CMD_PAUSE, M64CMD_RESUME, M64CMD_CORE_STATE_QUERY, M64CMD_STATE_LOAD, M64CMD_STATE_SAVE, M64CMD_STATE_SET_SLOT, M64CMD_SEND_SDL_KEYDOWN, M64CMD_SEND_SDL_KEYUP, M64CMD_SET_FRAME_CALLBACK, M64CMD_TAKE_NEXT_SCREENSHOT, M64CMD_CORE_STATE_SET, M64CMD_READ_SCREEN, M64CMD_RESET, M64CMD_ADVANCE_FRAME, M64CMD_SET_MEDIA_LOADER } m64p_command; typedef struct { uint32_t address; int value; } m64p_cheat_code; typedef struct { /* Frontend-defined callback data. */ void* cb_data; /* Allow the frontend to specify the GB cart ROM file to load * cb_data: points to frontend-defined callback data. * controller_num: (0-3) tell the frontend which controller is about to load a GB cart * Returns a NULL-terminated string owned by the core specifying the GB cart ROM filename to load. * Empty or NULL string results in no GB cart being loaded (eg. empty transferpak). */ char* (*get_gb_cart_rom)(void* cb_data, int controller_num); /* Allow the frontend to specify the GB cart RAM file to load * cb_data: points to frontend-defined callback data. * controller_num: (0-3) tell the frontend which controller is about to load a GB cart * Returns a NULL-terminated string owned by the core specifying the GB cart RAM filename to load * Empty or NULL string results in the core generating a default save file with empty content. */ char* (*get_gb_cart_ram)(void* cb_data, int controller_num); /* Allow the frontend to specify the DD IPL ROM file to load * cb_data: points to frontend-defined callback data. * Returns a NULL-terminated string owned by the core specifying the DD IPL ROM filename to load * Empty or NULL string results in disabled 64DD. */ char* (*get_dd_rom)(void* cb_data); /* Allow the frontend to specify the DD disk file to load * cb_data: points to frontend-defined callback data. * Returns a NULL-terminated string owned by the core specifying the DD disk filename to load * Empty or NULL string results in no DD disk being loaded (eg. empty disk drive). */ char* (*get_dd_disk)(void* cb_data); } m64p_media_loader; /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* Structures to hold ROM image information */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ typedef enum { SYSTEM_NTSC = 0, SYSTEM_PAL, SYSTEM_MPAL } m64p_system_type; typedef struct { uint8_t init_PI_BSB_DOM1_LAT_REG; /* 0x00 */ uint8_t init_PI_BSB_DOM1_PGS_REG; /* 0x01 */ uint8_t init_PI_BSB_DOM1_PWD_REG; /* 0x02 */ uint8_t init_PI_BSB_DOM1_PGS_REG2; /* 0x03 */ uint32_t ClockRate; /* 0x04 */ uint32_t PC; /* 0x08 */ uint32_t Release; /* 0x0C */ uint32_t CRC1; /* 0x10 */ uint32_t CRC2; /* 0x14 */ uint32_t Unknown[2]; /* 0x18 */ uint8_t Name[20]; /* 0x20 */ uint32_t unknown; /* 0x34 */ uint32_t Manufacturer_ID; /* 0x38 */ uint16_t Cartridge_ID; /* 0x3C - Game serial number */ uint16_t Country_code; /* 0x3E */ } m64p_rom_header; typedef struct { char goodname[256]; char MD5[33]; unsigned char savetype; unsigned char status; /* Rom status on a scale from 0-5. */ unsigned char players; /* Local players 0-4, 2/3/4 way Netplay indicated by 5/6/7. */ unsigned char rumble; /* 0 - No, 1 - Yes boolean for rumble support. */ unsigned char transferpak; /* 0 - No, 1 - Yes boolean for transfer pak support. */ unsigned char mempak; /* 0 - No, 1 - Yes boolean for memory pak support. */ } m64p_rom_settings; /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* Structures and Types for the Debugger */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ typedef enum { M64P_DBG_RUN_STATE = 1, M64P_DBG_PREVIOUS_PC, M64P_DBG_NUM_BREAKPOINTS, M64P_DBG_CPU_DYNACORE, M64P_DBG_CPU_NEXT_INTERRUPT } m64p_dbg_state; typedef enum { M64P_DBG_RUNSTATE_PAUSED = 0, M64P_DBG_RUNSTATE_STEPPING, M64P_DBG_RUNSTATE_RUNNING } m64p_dbg_runstate; typedef enum { M64P_DBG_MEM_TYPE = 1, M64P_DBG_MEM_FLAGS, M64P_DBG_MEM_HAS_RECOMPILED, M64P_DBG_MEM_NUM_RECOMPILED, M64P_DBG_RECOMP_OPCODE = 16, M64P_DBG_RECOMP_ARGS, M64P_DBG_RECOMP_ADDR } m64p_dbg_mem_info; typedef enum { M64P_MEM_NOMEM = 0, M64P_MEM_NOTHING, M64P_MEM_RDRAM, M64P_MEM_RDRAMREG, M64P_MEM_RSPMEM, M64P_MEM_RSPREG, M64P_MEM_RSP, M64P_MEM_DP, M64P_MEM_DPS, M64P_MEM_VI, M64P_MEM_AI, M64P_MEM_PI, M64P_MEM_RI, M64P_MEM_SI, M64P_MEM_FLASHRAMSTAT, M64P_MEM_ROM, M64P_MEM_PIF, M64P_MEM_MI, M64P_MEM_BREAKPOINT } m64p_dbg_mem_type; typedef enum { M64P_MEM_FLAG_READABLE = 0x01, M64P_MEM_FLAG_WRITABLE = 0x02, M64P_MEM_FLAG_READABLE_EMUONLY = 0x04, /* the EMUONLY flags signify that emulated code can read/write here, but debugger cannot */ M64P_MEM_FLAG_WRITABLE_EMUONLY = 0x08 } m64p_dbg_mem_flags; typedef enum { M64P_DBG_PTR_RDRAM = 1, M64P_DBG_PTR_PI_REG, M64P_DBG_PTR_SI_REG, M64P_DBG_PTR_VI_REG, M64P_DBG_PTR_RI_REG, M64P_DBG_PTR_AI_REG } m64p_dbg_memptr_type; typedef enum { M64P_CPU_PC = 1, M64P_CPU_REG_REG, M64P_CPU_REG_HI, M64P_CPU_REG_LO, M64P_CPU_REG_COP0, M64P_CPU_REG_COP1_DOUBLE_PTR, M64P_CPU_REG_COP1_SIMPLE_PTR, M64P_CPU_REG_COP1_FGR_64, M64P_CPU_TLB } m64p_dbg_cpu_data; typedef enum { M64P_BKP_CMD_ADD_ADDR = 1, M64P_BKP_CMD_ADD_STRUCT, M64P_BKP_CMD_REPLACE, M64P_BKP_CMD_REMOVE_ADDR, M64P_BKP_CMD_REMOVE_IDX, M64P_BKP_CMD_ENABLE, M64P_BKP_CMD_DISABLE, M64P_BKP_CMD_CHECK } m64p_dbg_bkp_command; #define M64P_MEM_INVALID 0xFFFFFFFF /* invalid memory read will return this */ #define BREAKPOINTS_MAX_NUMBER 128 typedef enum { M64P_BKP_FLAG_ENABLED = 0x01, M64P_BKP_FLAG_READ = 0x02, M64P_BKP_FLAG_WRITE = 0x04, M64P_BKP_FLAG_EXEC = 0x08, M64P_BKP_FLAG_LOG = 0x10 /* Log to the console when this breakpoint hits */ } m64p_dbg_bkp_flags; #define BPT_CHECK_FLAG(a, b) ((a.flags & b) == b) #define BPT_SET_FLAG(a, b) a.flags = (a.flags | b); #define BPT_CLEAR_FLAG(a, b) a.flags = (a.flags & (~b)); #define BPT_TOGGLE_FLAG(a, b) a.flags = (a.flags ^ b); typedef struct { uint32_t address; uint32_t endaddr; unsigned int flags; } m64p_breakpoint; /* ------------------------------------------------- */ /* Structures and Types for Core Video Extension API */ /* ------------------------------------------------- */ typedef struct { unsigned int uiWidth; unsigned int uiHeight; } m64p_2d_size; typedef enum { M64P_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER = 1, M64P_GL_BUFFER_SIZE, M64P_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, M64P_GL_RED_SIZE, M64P_GL_GREEN_SIZE, M64P_GL_BLUE_SIZE, M64P_GL_ALPHA_SIZE, M64P_GL_SWAP_CONTROL, M64P_GL_MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS, M64P_GL_MULTISAMPLESAMPLES, M64P_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, M64P_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, M64P_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK } m64p_GLattr; typedef enum { M64P_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE, M64P_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_COMPATIBILITY, M64P_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_ES } m64p_GLContextType; typedef struct { unsigned int Functions; m64p_error (*VidExtFuncInit)(void); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncQuit)(void); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncListModes)(m64p_2d_size *, int *); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncSetMode)(int, int, int, int, int); void * (*VidExtFuncGLGetProc)(const char*); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncGLSetAttr)(m64p_GLattr, int); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncGLGetAttr)(m64p_GLattr, int *); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncGLSwapBuf)(void); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncSetCaption)(const char *); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncToggleFS)(void); m64p_error (*VidExtFuncResizeWindow)(int, int); uint32_t (*VidExtFuncGLGetDefaultFramebuffer)(void); } m64p_video_extension_functions; #endif /* define M64P_TYPES_H */ | Low | [
0.478431372549019,
30.5,
33.25
]
|
Since January 2017, Nike has brought back the Air Zoom Generation in a steady manner, introducing original colorways from 2003 and stylish new designs while dressing LeBron James up with some one-of-one PEs. Later this month, one of the most heralded exclusives ever made for the King’s friends and family will see a wide release as the SVSM edition inspired by his alma mater will hit retail for the first time. The pairing of green and gold has become a signature stamp of the LeBron James color history, and it’ll finally arrive on one of the most celebrated signature shoes in Nike history. Expect them at retailers such as Rock City Kicks on May 26th. The Nike Air Zoom Generation is returning this month in one of the most hallowed PE colorways in the annals of LeBron James. The green and gold pairing is a nod to Saint Vincent-Saint Mary aka SVSM, LeBron’s alma mater before taking off on perhaps the best NBA career in history. Sneaker info source Soleheatonfeet notes a May 26th release for the Air Zoom Generation “SVSM”, a shoe that LeBron himself wore earlier this year – just one of several shoes the King himself mercilessly flexed on the rest of the world. Just how limited this drop will be remains to be seen, but there’s no questioning that the demand for this sought-after PE is high. Just yesterday, we brought you word that a Nike Air Zoom Generation in an “SVSM” colorway would be releasing at the end of this month. Serving as another nod to LeBron’s Saint Vincent-Saint Mary basketball team, it utilizes a Metallic Gold and Deep Forest color scheme. Earlier this year, the King flaunted a PE version of this sneaker to the world and it quickly became one of the most talked-about exclusives seen on James’ feet in recent memory. A release date of May 26th is being reported, but Stadium Goods currently has a size 13 in stock for $800 USD if you cannot wait.For those eager to get their hands on an Irish-colored LBJ sneaker can head over to Nike.com right now to pick up a pair of Soldier 12s in a matching colorway while you wait for this LeBron retro to drop. | High | [
0.6954436450839321,
36.25,
15.875
]
|
Year published Metadata Abstract Land-use intensification is a key driver of biodiversity change. However, little is known about how it alters relationships between the diversities of different taxonomic groups, which are often correlated due to shared environmental drivers and trophic interactions. Using data from 150 grassland sites, we examined how land-use intensification (increased fertilization, higher livestock densities, and increased mowing frequency) altered correlations between the species richness of 15 plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate taxa. We found that 54% of pairwise correlations between taxonomic groups were significant and positive among all grasslands, while only one was negative. Higher land-use intensity substantially weakened these correlations (35% decrease in r and 43% fewer significant pairwise correlations at high intensity), a pattern which may emerge as a result of biodiversity declines and the breakdown of specialized relationships in these conditions. Nevertheless, some groups (Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera) were consistently correlated with multidiversity, an aggregate measure of total biodiversity comprised of the standardized diversities of multiple taxa, at both high and low land-use intensity. The form of intensification was also important; increased fertilization and mowing frequency typically weakened plant-plant and plant-primary consumer correlations, whereas grazing intensification did not. This may reflect decreased habitat heterogeneity under mowing and fertilization and increased habitat heterogeneity under grazing. While these results urge caution in using certain taxonomic groups to monitor impacts of agricultural management on biodiversity, they also suggest that the diversities of some groups are reasonably robust indicators of total biodiversity across a range of conditions. | High | [
0.6648648648648641,
30.75,
15.5
]
|
Just before adjourning this week, Oregon lawmakers approved a hefty $10 million for a potential new private college dedicated to teaching mental health professionals and other healthcare workers in Roseburg. The goal is to create jobs and train healthcare professionals in rural Oregon, a region with an acute need for such professionals, said Wayne Patterson, executive director of the Umpqua Economic Development Partnership. The college, if created, would be an extension of Newberg-based George Fox University. The state’s contribution doubles the amount of money pledged to help build the campus, something backers estimate will require $30 million to $40 million. The proposed college would focus on preparing mental health therapists as well as allied health professionals – a broad term for healthcare workers other than doctors and nurses, including nutritionists, physical therapists and technicians. “Allied health is a massive demand, and it’s almost recession proof,” Patterson said. And the boon to rural Oregon would be huge, he predicted. Healthcare professionals who are trained in rural Oregon are more likely to stay and work there long-term compared to professionals who are transferred in from other places, he said. “Workforce demand has only increased” in rural Southern Oregon since his group signed on to the project around six years ago, Patterson said. “It’s been really difficult for our hospitals, clinics, and [Veterans’ Affairs office] to get the skilled professionals they need,” said Kelly Bantle, who works on communications and coalition-building for Oregonians for Rural Health. In 2016, community and economic development groups, healthcare providers and educators banded together under the umbrella of Oregonians for Rural Health. The coalition has been instrumental in spearheading the proposed Roseburg college, and Patterson’s economic development partnership has taken on a managing role for the coalition. In March, George Fox signed on and agreed to run and manage the college. A private Christian school, it already has satellite campuses in Portland, Salem and Redmond and offers graduate programs that prepare mental health counselors, physical therapists and physician assistants. Kelly Morgan, CEO of Mercy Medical Center in Roseburg, said in a statement, “George Fox is an established Oregon academic institution whose broad range of nationally accredited allied and mental health educational programs directly serve acute workforce needs shared by providers, including hospitals and medical facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.” Morgan has played a leadership role in the project since it began six years ago. As head of the largest hospital in Douglas County, where Roseburg is the county seat, Morgan said, “We just wanted to take the initiative” to train healthcare workers because the hospital has difficulty finding and hiring enough of them to meet the growing need. Morgan said he feels confident the college will open, but he acknowledged it still has some funding gaps to meet. Backers plan to name it Southern Oregon Medical Workforce Center. Patterson said the $10 million the state will provide from bond proceeds will cover about 25% to 35% of the costs to build the college. Roseburg’s City Council has committed to take out a loan of up to $10 million in support of the project. Patterson said the coalition is now looking to apply for grants and other sources of funding. Statewide, Oregon has too small a pool of trained healthcare professionals, Bantle said. She cited the example of physical therapists. According to a report by the Oregon Legislature’s Rural Medical Training Facilities Workgroup, only two Oregon colleges offer degree programs to educate and train physical therapists. For the 2016-2017 school year, more than 1,600 people applied to those two programs, it said, and only 94 were admitted. Bantle said the need for healthcare professionals will continue to grow in the coming years — both as more baby boomers retire and leave vacancies in the field and also as they create a greater demand for healthcare services. That is particularly acute in the Roseburg area. “Southern Oregon’s population has been booming as retirees from California and other states move in,” Bantle said. Currently, Douglas County’s only institution of higher education is Umpqua Community College, situated just north of Roseburg along the North Umpqua River. The nearest four-year school in southern Oregon, Southern Oregon University, is more than 100 miles from Roseburg in Ashland. The college will offer bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees, Patterson said. Now that the group has made significant progress raising money, Patterson, Morgan, and Oregonians for Rural Health say they are working out a more detailed timeline and plan for the college. Bantle said the college will also offer an accelerated pathway for veterans with military medical experience, due to the project’s partnership with the Roseburg Veterans’ Affairs office. That would allow veterans who received medical training overseas to leverage those skills toward a healthcare degree stateside, Bantle said. Due to George Fox’s existing accreditation, some classes could be taught immediately once the college opens, while others will require a longer accreditation process of two to three years, Patterson said. If George Fox’s accredited programs need supplementation, Bantle said, other colleges could be signed on to offer other degree programs at the planned Roseburg campus. Building a college and bringing in a new population of students and college employees would provide new economic opportunities to the area, Patterson said. Students and faculty would need housing, places to eat, and other needs will foster new jobs and business opportunities. “By turning Roseburg into a university town,” Patterson said, “we have an opportunity to shift the culture of the community.” --Casey Chaffin; [email protected]; @todaycaseysays | High | [
0.683840749414519,
36.5,
16.875
]
|
Q: SQL Server not releasing Memory I am using SQL Server 2005. I am running a job which processes around 100 K records. Job runs fine, it takes are 45 mins to execute, which is good. But after that job is processed, I can see instance of SQL Server 2005 still there with around 900 MB of Memory. I waited for around 2 hrs but that memory was not released. Is there any process which takes care of memory here, something like GC (unpredictable) Or am I doing something wrong??? A: SQL Server doesn't release buffer memory unless the O.S. actively reclaims it; so this is expected behaviour. If there is a memory shortage (f.e. some other application on the system needs some which is not available), SQL Server will release unused memory. | High | [
0.6899563318777291,
29.625,
13.3125
]
|
Q: exsheets: how to use skip-below with custom heading I am using exsheets for making problem sets and worksheets. I made a custom heading, but now skip-below key does not work: \documentclass{article} \usepackage{exsheets} \DeclareInstance{exsheets-heading}{runin-subtitle}{default}{ runin=true, number-post-code = \PrintQuestionClassT{extension}{\ExtensionSymbol}%print superscript star after a question if extension key has nonempty value. \space, subtitle-pre-code = (, subtitle-post-code = )\space, points-pre-code = (, points-post-code = ), join = { main[r,vc]number[l,vc](-0.333em,0pt); main[r,B]subtitle[l,B](0em,0pt); }, attach = { main[l,vc]points[l,vc](\linewidth+\marginparsep,0pt) } } \SetupExSheets{ headings=runin-subtitle, %If I comment out my custom heading, skip-below works fine. skip-below=4em, } \begin{document} \begin{question} Is this the first question? \end{question} \begin{question} Was that really the first question? \end{question} \begin{question} How many questions are there? \end{question} \begin{question} What is a question? \end{question} \begin{question} Why is there so little vertical space between all these questions? \end{question} \end{document} outputs As you can see, skip-below=4em is having no effect. If I remove the custom heading, skip-below works as expected. How can I use skip-below with my custom heading? A: skip-below and skip-above are disabled with runin headings. (That's just the way it is – probably to be disputed, though. There may be reasons for changing the current behaviour.) Using the question's post-body-hook or post-hook options it should still be possible to add \par\vspace{4em}: \SetupExSheets{ headings = runin-subtitle , post-hook = \par\vspace{4em} } | Mid | [
0.5686653771760151,
36.75,
27.875
]
|
Tag Archives: customer relations OK, here’s a story about the importance of using myths, or stories, to market product. Yeah, I know, the idea of Las Vegas as a myth is not exactly a big “eureka!” moment, but it does demonstrate that even in a fantasy town marketers need to be reminded of the importance of the myth in the marketing process. Las Vegas “whales”, as big gamblers are known in Las Vegas, come to town on Chinese New Year to celebrate and they celebrate in a very big way. Part of the celebration is showing, and enjoying, their success, and that involves having the best of everything, including the best food and drink. In keeping with that theme, Las Vegas restaurants look for something special and expensive to serve, something that is not easily found anywhere else in the world, and at the moment that product is sake. Sake suppliers and restaurateurs have rediscovered that a great story sells higher priced product, so they now have stories about all their sake. Some stories parallel Hollywood movies: strains of rice that were thought extinct until small batches were discovered and saved with new growing techniques – Jurassic Park the prodigy sake brewer (yes, sake is brewed, like beer) raised from a young age to become a master and carry on a tradition – Kung Fu Panda the ancient sake company, around for over 800 years, that is saved by the new owner – The Santa Clause Yes, these are ridiculous movie comparisons. But that’s the point, they develop and use the myth to enhance the product. When myth is not enough, there are special names evocative of Asian philosophy and poetry: Ice Dome, Devine Droplets, Ancient Beauty. There is really nothing new here, the Las Vegas crowd is just applying standard marketing techniques to create and enhance brand image in a commodity market. Rosser Reeves invented the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) in the 1940’s to help focus attention on finding the most important product attribute and then build the myth on that attribute. Patent medicine peddlers of the 1800’s crowed about all the ills their miracle would cure and regularly cured someone in the crowd of their infirmities. We can all take a lesson on this and look at how we market our most mundane products. There is always something special about “our” product and we can find the myth that supports our brand over all other brands. OK, the big news over the weekend and today was the crushing letdown of Lehman Brothers. Lots of news outlets are carrying the story, bu the lesson for businesses, especially small and medium businesses, was i a small quote from one of the Lehman staffers to the Financial Times. He said: “I’ve had people calling me from telephone boxes. In the old days you’d just pick up your Rolodex and you’d bugger off. Now everything in your life is with the company,” said a former employee. The point is that technology has made one of business’ age-old problems simpler: getting a handle on customer lists. Traditionally, sales people kept their Rolodex with a list of customers and Finance kept a customer list, and neither list matched because the sales person met with a user and the finance department met with a customer finance person. Now days even a very small business can keep a single list of customers, and larger small businesses (oxymoron intended, companies are still defined as small businesses up to 1500 people) and medium business use applications like SAP to run hings and maintain customer lists that mine sales opportunities. Collecting and maintaining that customer data was difficult when sales people maintained their own Rolodex, and the value of the information often left with the sales person. But now the value of the information can and should be maintained in a central database that informs and tracks customer activity in a way that enhances customer service and company sales, along with securing the customer list in a way that aids customer retention. The business owns the customer relationship. The sales person may own the face to face relationship, in fact the sales person is instrumental in creating and maintaining the business relationship, but the business owns the financial responsibility as well as the customer access. Does your business own the customer relationship? Do your sales people have outside lists of your customers? Do you have a plan in place to centralize the information so you can ue it as a strategic sales advantage and in case there is a need to recover the informationwhen a sales person is unavailable for some reason? You would be surprise at the number of companies that still do not own their complete cutomer lists and the tumult that transpires when a sales person goes missing. Let us know how you address owning the customer list and share the strategies you use. | Mid | [
0.565701559020044,
31.75,
24.375
]
|
Fate of caffeine in mesocosms wetland planted with Scirpus validus. Uptake, accumulation and translocation of caffeine by Scirpus validus grown in hydroponic condition were investigated. The plants were cultivated in Hoagland's nutrient solution spiked with caffeine at concentrations of 0.5-2.0 mg L(-1). The effect of photodegradation on caffeine elimination was determined in dark controls and proved to be negligible. Removal of caffeine in mesocosms without plants showed however that biodegradation could account for about 15-19% of the caffeine lost from solutions after 3 and 7 d. Plant uptake played a significant role in caffeine elimination. Caffeine was detected in both roots and shoots of S. validus. Root concentrations of caffeine were 0.1-6.1 μg g(-1), while the concentrations for shoots were 6.4-13.7 μg g(-1). A significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between the concentration in the root and the initial concentrations in the nutrient solution was observed. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of caffeine for roots ranged from 0.2 to 3.1, while BAFs for shoots ranged from 3.2 to 16.9. Translocation from roots to shoots was the major pathway of shoot accumulation. The fraction of caffeine in the roots as a percentage of the total caffeine mass in solution was limited to 0.2-4.4% throughout the whole experiment, while shoot uptake percentage ranged from 12% to 25% for caffeine at the initial concentration of 2.0 mg L(-1) to 50-62% for caffeine at the initial concentration of 0.5 mg L(-1). However, a marked decrease in the concentration of caffeine in the shoots between d-14 and d-21 suggests that caffeine may have been catabolized in the plant tissues subsequent to plant uptake and translocation. | High | [
0.709256844850065,
34,
13.9375
]
|
NSABP FB-7: a phase II randomized neoadjuvant trial with paclitaxel + trastuzumab and/or neratinib followed by chemotherapy and postoperative trastuzumab in HER2+ breast cancer. The primary aim of NSABP FB-7 was to determine the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in locally advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab or neratinib or the combination and weekly paclitaxel followed by standard doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide. The secondary aims include biomarker analyses. pCR was tested for association with treatment, gene expression, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Fc fragment of the IgG receptor IIIa-158V/F (FCGR3A). Pre-treatment biopsies and residual tumors were also compared to identify molecular changes. The numerical pCR rate in the trastuzumab plus neratinib arm (50% [95%CI 34-66%]) was greater than that for single-targeted therapies with trastuzumab (38% [95%CI 24-54]) or neratinib (33% [95%CI 20-50]) in the overall cohort but was not statistically significant. Hormone receptor-negative (HR-) tumors had a higher pCR rate than HR+ tumors in all three treatment arms, with the highest pCR rate in the combination arm. Diarrhea was the most frequent adverse event and occurred in virtually all patients who received neratinib-based therapy. Grade 3 diarrhea was reported in 31% of patients; there were no grade 4 events. Our 8-gene signature, previously validated for trastuzumab benefit in two different clinical trials in the adjuvant setting, was correlated with pCR across all arms of NSABP FB-7. Specifically, patients predicted to receive no trastuzumab benefit had a significantly lower pCR rate than did patients predicted to receive the most benefit (P = 0.03). FCGR genotyping showed that patients who were homozygous for the Fc low-binding phenylalanine (F) allele for FCGR3A-158V/F were less likely to achieve pCR. Combining trastuzumab plus neratinib with paclitaxel increased the absolute pCR rate in the overall cohort and in HR- patients. The 8-gene signature, which is validated for predicting trastuzumab benefit in the adjuvant setting, was associated with pCR in the neoadjuvant setting, but remains to be validated as a predictive marker in a larger neoadjuvant clinical trial. HR status, and the FCGR3A-158V/F genotype, also warrant further investigation to identify HER2+ patients who may benefit from additional anti-HER2 therapies beyond trastuzumab. All of these markers will require further validation in the neoadjuvant setting. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01008150. Retrospectively registered on October 5, 2010. | High | [
0.7203513909224011,
30.75,
11.9375
]
|
Aspirin Plus a High-Dose PPI Prevents Death and Progression in Patients with Barrett Esophagus. | Mid | [
0.6426592797783931,
29,
16.125
]
|
DFDS Seaways welcomes Malo Seaways to Dover-Calais route Named in honour of the French coastal city, Malo Les Bains, which is located north of Dunkirk, the new ship brings DFDS Seaways’ Dover-France fleet back up to five ships, following the departure of Dieppe Seaways. She joins Calais Seaways on the Dover-Calais service, offering passengers a comfortable and easy 90 minute crossing between the UK and France. Malo Seaways has been newly refurbished and rebranded in the DFDS Seaways colours. At around 170 metres long she has capacity for around 400 passengers, 375 cars and 2,000 lane metres of high vehicle capacity. ADVERTISEMENT Passenger facilities on board include a restaurant serving delicious hot and cold food, a dedicated children’s area, an additional comfortable seating area, a café bar with a selection of drinks and snacks and an on board shop stocked with holiday favourites and essentials. Malo Seaways also has dedicated commercial driver facilities in the Road Kings areas, which include a restaurant, relaxation lounge and shower facilities. Max Foster, passenger director at DFDS Seaways, commented: “We’re very grateful to the Mayor of Malo Les Bains for allowing us to name our new ship after the city and are delighted that the Dover-France fleet is back to its five ship capacity. | High | [
0.704663212435233,
34,
14.25
]
|
1922 Latvian Football Championship The 1922 Latvian Football Championship was contested by 6 teams with Kaiserwald emerging as the winners of the championship. League standings References RSSSF 1922 Lat Lat Football Championship | High | [
0.684210526315789,
32.5,
15
]
|
Pets For Patriots 16oz. Jar An estimated 6-8 million dogs and cats enter animal shelter nationwide every year and nearly half are not re-homed or reunited with their families. Pets for Patriots honors our nation's heroes and helps save those animals most at risk of death or permanent homelessness by providing opportunities for member of the U.S. military community to honorably adopt a companion pet. We are a nationally operating nonprofit organization making the joys of pet guardianship achievable and affordable for veterans from WWII through those currently in service. At the same time, we save the most overlooked shelter dogs and cats: adults, special needs animals and large dogs. | Mid | [
0.6365688487584651,
35.25,
20.125
]
|
Is Quorum Signaling by Mycotoxins a New Risk-Mitigating Strategy for Bacterial Biocontrol of Fusarium verticillioides and Other Endophytic Fungal Species? Bacterial endophytes are used as biocontrol organisms for plant pathogens such as the maize endophyte Fusarium verticillioides and its production of fumonisin mycotoxins. However, such applications are not always predictable and efficient. In this work, we hypothesize and review work that quorum sensing inhibitors are produced either by fungi or by pathogenic bacteria for competitive purposes, altering the efficiency of the biocontrol organisms. Recently, quorum sensing inhibitors have been isolated from several fungi, including Fusarium species, three of which are mycotoxins. Thus, we further postulate that other mycotoxins are inhibitors or quenching metabolites that prevent the protective abilities and activities of endophytic biocontrol bacteria within intercellular spaces. To test the aforementioned suppositions, we review work detailing the use of bioassay bacteria for several mycotoxins for quorum activity. We specifically focus on the quorum use of endophytic bacteria as biocontrols for mycotoxic fungal endophytes, such as the Fusarium species and the fumonisin mycotoxins. | Mid | [
0.6348448687350831,
33.25,
19.125
]
|
Examined consistency in prosocial dispositions, using longitudinal data from preschool through early adulthood. Found that spontaneous prosocial behavior observed in preschools predicted actual prosocial behavior, other- and self-reported prosocial behavior, self-reported sympathy, and perspective taking in childhood to early adulthood. Prosocial behavior not expected to reflect an other- orientation did not predict later prosocial behavior or sympathy. (Author/KB) | High | [
0.7040229885057471,
30.625,
12.875
]
|
Mumbai Rains: This was the first pre-monsoon shower in the south Mumbai region. While a thunderstorm coupled with heavy rain brought much-needed respite from the sweltering heat to residents of Mumbai on Monday evening, air, road and rail traffic in the city took a severe hit. At least 14 flights were diverted and a secondary runway was put to use at Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport. "Visibility has gone down due to heavy rains, operations have been put on hold. United Airlines Newark to Mumbai flight has been diverted to Delhi," said a spokesperson for the Mumbai Airport, news agency ANI reported. Mumbai is the world's busiest single-runway airport. Low visibility at the airport also resulted in a minor accident when a Thai Airways plane hit a guard light -- damaging signage and leaving debris -- while vacating the runway. Although no waterlogging has been reported so far, traffic on the Eastern Express Highway and Western Express Highway slowed down. Mumbai trains have been running 10-15 minutes late. Rail traffic was hit on the Central Railway's harbour line near Chunabhatti due to technical snag, news agency IANS reported. Train services were also delayed on Western Railway due to a snag in the overhead wire at Mahim station. This was the first pre-monsoon shower in the south Mumbai region, said an official of the India Meteorological Department. Monsoon officially hit the coast of Kerala on Saturday, a week later than expected, the weather department said. The ongoing heat wave has sent temperatures soaring across the country. The mercury crossed 48 degrees Celsius in Delhi on Monday, the highest ever in June. | Mid | [
0.615071283095723,
37.75,
23.625
]
|
Wow! i fall in love with your selection!I love the way you create posts! Thank you to share them with us! Your photos are so ... inspiring! Thank you that you are! :-*You are my inspiration! First bag is the best ! Fashion is my sustenance! It is my main thrill in life to spot trends and share them with you. Visit fashion and beauty blog Couture Carrie for a daily dose of style from a gal who believes that fashion is not mere frivolity. Enjoy, darlings! Disclaimer Couture Carrie very occasionally accepts money for blog posts. In such a case, "CC sponsor" will be specified. All giveaway products are sent directly from the purveyor to the contest winner. Occasionally, Couture Carrie receives products as gifts for review. Original material contained on CoutureCarrie.com is proprietary and should not be used without Couture Carrie’s consent. | Mid | [
0.559322033898305,
33,
26
]
|
Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-induced neutrophil nitric oxide production is nitric oxide synthase independent. Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis. We asked whether ANCA could induce nitric oxide (NO) release from human neutrophils and, if so, whether this NO production was dependent on NO synthase (NOS) activity. Neutrophil NO production was measured using a chemiluminescence assay, and NOS activity was determined by the conversion of [(14)C] L-arginine to [(14)C] L-citrulline and NOS mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Human neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were incubated at 37 degrees C with human ANCA, normal human IgG, murine monoclonal myeloperoxidase ANCA, murine proteinase-3 ANCA, or their respective isotypic controls for 6 to 12 hours in RPMI. Both human and monoclonal ANCA led to a dose-dependent increase of NO compared with control IgG. Neutrophils, either freshly isolated or incubated for seven hours with murine monoclonal myeloperoxidase ANCA, proteinase-3 ANCA, or a mixture of interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma plus lipopolysaccharide showed no NOS activity with low conversion rates of [(14)C] L-arginine to [(14)C] L-citrulline, which could not be inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (NOS inhibitor). To detect NOS mRNA expression, RT-PCR was performed using oligonucleotide primers derived from mRNA sequences of either human constitutive endothelial NOS (eNOS), constitutive neuroneal NOS (nNOS), or human hepatocyte inducible NOS (iNOS). There was no expression of either eNOS, nNOS, or iNOS in untreated, human and murine monoclonal ANCA-treated, or cytokine-treated neutrophils. These data suggest that human neutrophils produce NO in response to ANCA but in a NOS-independent way. NO can be generated from a nonenzymatic interaction between hydrogen peroxide and arginine. We postulate that this is the predominant pathway of NO synthesis in neutrophils, since ANCAs are capable of inducing reactive oxygen species production from neutrophils. | Mid | [
0.638820638820638,
32.5,
18.375
]
|
12 Lessons Learned While Marketing “The 4-Hour Body” - hboon http://www.fourhourworkweek.com/blog/2011/03/10/12-lessons-learned-while-marketing-the-4-hour-body/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+timferriss+%28The+Blog+of+Author+Tim+Ferriss%29 ====== idlewords The big lesson here seems to be 'get someone else to do all the work', including writing the lessons learned article. ~~~ hboon It's persistent hustling. Great example of business development, making use of leverage. It'd be interesting to see how big his 3rd title will be. ~~~ ljf Exactly, say what you like about him or his books, but he's got me buying and reading both times, held my interest all the way through and left me /feeling/ like I know more. 4HWW got me handing over work far far more, and really got me thinking about how best to use my time to drive my projects forward. 4HB pointed out what I was doing wrong, and so far I've lost a stone and gone from 22% BF to 18% in a month without exercise (yet). Maybe not everything he says will be directly applicable to your day job, but it's a great guide to selling books ;) | Mid | [
0.564039408866995,
28.625,
22.125
]
|
/* * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.example.android.scopeddirectoryaccess; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ContentResolver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.database.Cursor; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.os.storage.StorageManager; import android.os.storage.StorageVolume; import android.provider.DocumentsContract; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.Spinner; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * Fragment that displays the directory contents. */ public class ScopedDirectoryAccessFragment extends Fragment { private static final String DIRECTORY_ENTRIES_KEY = "directory_entries"; private static final String SELECTED_DIRECTORY_KEY = "selected_directory"; private static final int OPEN_DIRECTORY_REQUEST_CODE = 1; private static final String[] DIRECTORY_SELECTION = new String[]{ DocumentsContract.Document.COLUMN_DISPLAY_NAME, DocumentsContract.Document.COLUMN_MIME_TYPE, DocumentsContract.Document.COLUMN_DOCUMENT_ID, }; private Activity mActivity; private StorageManager mStorageManager; private TextView mCurrentDirectoryTextView; private TextView mNothingInDirectoryTextView; private TextView mPrimaryVolumeNameTextView; private Spinner mDirectoriesSpinner; private DirectoryEntryAdapter mAdapter; private ArrayList<DirectoryEntry> mDirectoryEntries; public static ScopedDirectoryAccessFragment newInstance() { ScopedDirectoryAccessFragment fragment = new ScopedDirectoryAccessFragment(); return fragment; } public ScopedDirectoryAccessFragment() { // Required empty public constructor } @Override public void onAttach(Context context) { super.onAttach(context); mActivity = getActivity(); mStorageManager = mActivity.getSystemService(StorageManager.class); } @Override public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); if (requestCode == OPEN_DIRECTORY_REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) { getActivity().getContentResolver().takePersistableUriPermission(data.getData(), Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION); updateDirectoryEntries(data.getData()); } } @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_scoped_directory_access, container, false); } @Override public void onViewCreated(final View rootView, Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onViewCreated(rootView, savedInstanceState); mCurrentDirectoryTextView = (TextView) rootView .findViewById(R.id.textview_current_directory); mNothingInDirectoryTextView = (TextView) rootView .findViewById(R.id.textview_nothing_in_directory); mPrimaryVolumeNameTextView = (TextView) rootView .findViewById(R.id.textview_primary_volume_name); // Set onClickListener for the primary volume Button openPictureButton = (Button) rootView .findViewById(R.id.button_open_directory_primary_volume); openPictureButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { String selected = mDirectoriesSpinner.getSelectedItem().toString(); String directoryName = getDirectoryName(selected); StorageVolume storageVolume = mStorageManager.getPrimaryStorageVolume(); Intent intent = storageVolume.createAccessIntent(directoryName); startActivityForResult(intent, OPEN_DIRECTORY_REQUEST_CODE); } }); // Set onClickListener for the external volumes if exists List<StorageVolume> storageVolumes = mStorageManager.getStorageVolumes(); LinearLayout containerVolumes = (LinearLayout) mActivity .findViewById(R.id.container_volumes); for (final StorageVolume volume : storageVolumes) { String volumeDescription = volume.getDescription(mActivity); if (volume.isPrimary()) { // Primary volume area is already added... if (volumeDescription != null) { // ...but with a default name: set it to the real name when available. mPrimaryVolumeNameTextView.setText(volumeDescription); } continue; } LinearLayout volumeArea = (LinearLayout) mActivity.getLayoutInflater() .inflate(R.layout.volume_entry, containerVolumes); TextView volumeName = (TextView) volumeArea.findViewById(R.id.textview_volume_name); volumeName.setText(volumeDescription); Button button = (Button) volumeArea.findViewById(R.id.button_open_directory); button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { String selected = mDirectoriesSpinner.getSelectedItem().toString(); String directoryName = getDirectoryName(selected); Intent intent = volume.createAccessIntent(directoryName); startActivityForResult(intent, OPEN_DIRECTORY_REQUEST_CODE); } }); } RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) rootView .findViewById(R.id.recyclerview_directory_entries); if (savedInstanceState != null) { mDirectoryEntries = savedInstanceState.getParcelableArrayList(DIRECTORY_ENTRIES_KEY); mCurrentDirectoryTextView.setText(savedInstanceState.getString(SELECTED_DIRECTORY_KEY)); mAdapter = new DirectoryEntryAdapter(mDirectoryEntries); if (mAdapter.getItemCount() == 0) { mNothingInDirectoryTextView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); } } else { mDirectoryEntries = new ArrayList<>(); mAdapter = new DirectoryEntryAdapter(); } recyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter); recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity())); mDirectoriesSpinner = (Spinner) rootView.findViewById(R.id.spinner_directories); ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> directoriesAdapter = ArrayAdapter .createFromResource(getActivity(), R.array.directories, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item); directoriesAdapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); mDirectoriesSpinner.setAdapter(directoriesAdapter); } @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); outState.putString(SELECTED_DIRECTORY_KEY, mCurrentDirectoryTextView.getText().toString()); outState.putParcelableArrayList(DIRECTORY_ENTRIES_KEY, mDirectoryEntries); } private void updateDirectoryEntries(Uri uri) { mDirectoryEntries.clear(); ContentResolver contentResolver = getActivity().getContentResolver(); Uri docUri = DocumentsContract.buildDocumentUriUsingTree(uri, DocumentsContract.getTreeDocumentId(uri)); Uri childrenUri = DocumentsContract.buildChildDocumentsUriUsingTree(uri, DocumentsContract.getTreeDocumentId(uri)); try (Cursor docCursor = contentResolver .query(docUri, DIRECTORY_SELECTION, null, null, null)) { while (docCursor != null && docCursor.moveToNext()) { mCurrentDirectoryTextView.setText(docCursor.getString(docCursor.getColumnIndex( DocumentsContract.Document.COLUMN_DISPLAY_NAME))); } } try (Cursor childCursor = contentResolver .query(childrenUri, DIRECTORY_SELECTION, null, null, null)) { while (childCursor != null && childCursor.moveToNext()) { DirectoryEntry entry = new DirectoryEntry(); entry.fileName = childCursor.getString(childCursor.getColumnIndex( DocumentsContract.Document.COLUMN_DISPLAY_NAME)); entry.mimeType = childCursor.getString(childCursor.getColumnIndex( DocumentsContract.Document.COLUMN_MIME_TYPE)); mDirectoryEntries.add(entry); } if (mDirectoryEntries.isEmpty()) { mNothingInDirectoryTextView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); } else { mNothingInDirectoryTextView.setVisibility(View.GONE); } mAdapter.setDirectoryEntries(mDirectoryEntries); mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } } private String getDirectoryName(String name) { switch (name) { case "ALARMS": return Environment.DIRECTORY_ALARMS; case "DCIM": return Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM; case "DOCUMENTS": return Environment.DIRECTORY_DOCUMENTS; case "DOWNLOADS": return Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS; case "MOVIES": return Environment.DIRECTORY_MOVIES; case "MUSIC": return Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC; case "NOTIFICATIONS": return Environment.DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS; case "PICTURES": return Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES; case "PODCASTS": return Environment.DIRECTORY_PODCASTS; case "RINGTONES": return Environment.DIRECTORY_RINGTONES; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid directory representation: " + name); } } } | Low | [
0.5186046511627901,
27.875,
25.875
]
|
Mariana Fleitas Mariana Fleitas Rieira, commonly known as Mariana Fleitas (born 6 March 1981) is a team handball player from Uruguay who has played on the Uruguay women's national handball team. She participated at the 2003 World Women's Handball Championship in Croatia, the 2005 World Women's Handball Championship in Russia and the 2011 World Women's Handball Championship in Brazil. References Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Uruguayan female handball players | High | [
0.7218453188602441,
33.25,
12.8125
]
|
Reactions of a tungsten trisulfido complex of hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate (Tp*) [Et(4)N][Tp*WS(3)] with CuX (X = Cl, NCS, or CN): isolation, structures, and third-order NLO properties. Reactions of a tungsten trisulfido complex of hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate (Tp*) [Et4N][Tp*WS3] (1) with 3 equiv of CuCl in CHCl3 afforded a tetranuclear anionic cluster [Et4N][Tp*W(mu3-S)3(CuCl)3] (2), while that of 1 with 3 equiv of CuNCS in MeCN produced a decanuclear neutral cluster (major product) [Tp*W(mu3-S)3Cu3(mu-NCS)3(CuMeCN)]2 (3) along with a binuclear anionic cluster (minor product) [Et4N][Tp*WO(mu-S)2(CuNCS)] (4). Solvothermal reactions of 1 with 3 equiv of CuCN in MeCN at 80 degrees C for 48 h followed by slowly cooling it to ambient temperature gave rise to a polymeric cluster [Tp*W(mu3-S)(mu-S)2Cu2(MeCN)(mu-CN)]n (5). Compounds 2-5 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The cluster anion of 2 has a [Tp*WS3Cu3] incomplete cube with one Cl atom coordinated at each Cu center. 3 is composed of an unprecedented centrosymmetric W2Cu8 cluster core in which each void of the two single incomplete cubane-like [Tp*W(mu3-S)3Cu3(mu-NCS)]+ cations is partially filled with an extra [Cu(MeCN)(mu-NCS)2]- anion via a pair of Cu-mu-NCS-Cu bridges. The cluster anion of 4 contains one WS2Cu core that is formed by an oxidized [Tp*WO(mu-S)2] species and one CuNCS fragment. 5 consists of butterfly shaped [Tp*W(mu3-S)(mu-S)2Cu2(MeCN)] fragments that are interconnected via cyanide bridges to form a 1D spiral chain extending along the c axis. The successful synthesis of 2-5 from 1 suggests that 1 may be an excellent synthon to the W/Cu/S clusters. In addition, the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 1-3 in solution were also investigated by femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) technique with a 80 fs pulse width at 800 nm. Although 2 was not detected to have NLO effects, 1 and 3 exhibited relatively good optical nonlinearities with the nonlinear refractive index n2 and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility chi(3) values being 0.79 x 10(-13) and 0.38 x 10(-14) esu (1) and 2.08 x 10(-13) and 1.00 x 10(-14) esu (3), respectively. The second-order hyperpolarizability gamma value for 3 (5.46 x 10(-32) esu) is ca. 5 times larger than that of its precursor 1. | High | [
0.6920903954802261,
30.625,
13.625
]
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:drawable="@drawable/btg_demo_btn_blue_rect_pressed" android:state_focused="true"/> <item android:drawable="@drawable/btg_demo_btn_blue_rect_pressed" android:state_selected="true"/> <item android:drawable="@drawable/btg_demo_btn_blue_rect_pressed" android:state_pressed="true"/> <item android:drawable="@drawable/btg_demo_btn_blue_rect_normal"/> </selector> | Low | [
0.37068965517241304,
16.125,
27.375
]
|
Michalis Imellos - Chief Financial Officer, Member of Operating Committee and Member of Disclosure Committee Analysts Nicolas Ceron - Societe Generale Cross Asset Research Adam Spielman - Citigroup Inc, Research Division Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division Olivier Nicolai - UBS Investment Bank, Research Division Gabriela Malczynska - Barclays Capital, Research Division Costas Theodorou - National Bank of Greece SA, Research Division Henry Davies - BofA Merrill Lynch, Research Division Operator Thank you for standing by, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Coca-Cola HBC's Conference Call for the 2013 Full Year Results. We have with us Mr. Dimitris Lois, the Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Michalis Imellos, Chief Financial Officer; and Ms. Basak Kotler, Investor Relations Director. [Operator Instructions] I must also advise that this conference is being recorded today, Friday, February 14, 2014. I now pass the floor to one of your speakers, Ms. Basak Kotler. Please go ahead. Basak Kotler Thank you for joining our call today to discuss our fourth quarter 2013 results. It's a pleasure to be representing the Investor Relations team on my first results call alongside management, and I very much look forward to meeting everybody face-to-face in the near future. Today, I am joined by our Chief Executive Officer, Dimitris Lois; and our Chief Financial Officer, Michalis Imellos. Following the presentation by Dimitris and Michalis, we will open the floor to questions. Before we get started, I would like to remind everyone that this conference call contains various forward-looking statements. These should be considered in conjunction with the cautionary statements contained in our related press release and Coca-Cola HBC AG's most recent filings, copies of which can be found on our website at www.coca-colahellenic.com. Let me now turn the call over to Dimitris. Dimitris Lois Thanks. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining our call today. We continued to deliver on our key strategic priorities for yet another quarter. Volume returned to growth, supported primarily by a strong performance in our emerging markets, namely, Russia, Nigeria and Belarus. In addition, our established markets showed a stable performance in the quarter despite the tough macroeconomic and trading environment. In 2013, we accelerated both the pace and the number of countries in which we gained or maintained market share, both in Sparkling beverages and overall NARTD. We achieved the best-ever volume shares in Sparkling category in 12 of our markets. We grew currency neutral net sales revenue per case for the 10th consecutive quarter, while continuing to address affordability. Our continued focus on tight operating expense management led to a strong reduction in our OpEx as a percent of net sales revenue. I am particularly pleased with our growth in our EBIT, our margins and our EPS, marking 2013 as the margin inflection year. For the first time in the group's history, we have delivered a negative working capital at the end of 2013. This is the result of our consistent efforts over the past few years. The effective combination of operational expense and working capital management resulted in an impressive free cash flow growth. Michalis will now provide you with details on our financial performance in the fourth quarter and the full year, as well as the key financial guidance elements for 2014. Then, I will discuss our top line performance, as well as our strategy and the outlook for 2014. Michalis Imellos Thank you, Dimitris, and hello, everyone. In line with our practice, as I take you through our financial results for the fourth quarter and the full year periods, I will refer to comparable figures which exclude the impact of restructuring costs, the mark-to-market valuation impact of commodity hedges and specific nonrecurring items. As Dimitris pointed out, we grew our volume by 1% in the fourth quarter, despite the challenging macroeconomic and trading conditions across our territories. This limited the full year decline to 1%. Net sales revenue declined by 2% in both the fourth quarter and the full year, solely due to the significant negative currency impact, particularly in our emerging market segment. Our operating expenses continued to improve year-on-year for both periods under review. In the fourth quarter, the improvement in operating expenses, as a percentage of revenue, more than offset the contraction in gross profit margin, leading to an improvement in the operating profit margin. This margin expansion reflects our improved operational efficiency across our business. The benefits from our revenue growth initiatives and increased volume, combined with the improvement in operating expenses, more than compensated for the unfavorable currency movements and higher input costs. As a result, comparable operating profit reached EUR 68 million in the quarter, posting a EUR 12 million increase. For the full year, the comparable operating profit margin improved by 20 basis points to 6.6%. Comparable operating profit marginally increased year-on-year, reaching EUR 454 million. For the full year, our comparable earnings per share were EUR 0.81, up 4% year-over-year. In the fourth quarter, we generated EUR 68 million of free cash flow, supported by tight working capital management and increased profitability. In the full year, free cash flow reached EUR 413 million, an increase of EUR 71 million or 21% year-on-year on a combination of improved working capital, lower capital expenditure and favorable impact from tax payments. Let's take a closer look at our top line performance during the fourth quarter, focusing on the evolution of currency neutral net sales revenue per case, which increased by 0.9% in the fourth quarter and by 1.1% in the full year, in line with our expectations. In our established markets, currency neutral net sales revenue per case declined by 4.3% in the fourth quarter, while for the full year, it declined by 1.2%. Benefits from favorable category mix were more than offset by adverse price/mix. Developing markets posted the biggest sequential improvement in currency neutral net sales revenue per case, increasing by 3.4% in the fourth quarter. The increase was driven by favorable pack, price and category mix. For the full year, currency neutral net sales revenue per case was up 0.8%. The emerging markets segment remained the main growth driver, with currency neutral net sales revenue per case increasing by approximately 4% in both reporting periods, driven by favorable price, category and pack mix. Turning to input costs. Currency neutral input costs per case grew by 1.6% in the fourth quarter and 0.9% in the full year, in line with our previous guidance of low-single digit, year-over-year growth in 2013. Looking at the key quarter 4 drivers, higher EU sugar cost, as well as increased PET and sparkling contribution in the mix, more than offset lower white sugar and aluminum prices. And once again, our revenue growth initiatives enabled us to fully offset total input costs in absolute terms. Comparable operating expenses, as a percent of net sales revenue, continued to improve this quarter, declining by 130 basis points year-on-year and contributing to the full year reduction of 50 basis points. The improvement in the quarter was primarily attributable to reduced sales, warehousing and distribution expenses. This reflects the benefits of our ongoing restructuring initiatives, as well as our ongoing route-to-market transformation efforts, leading to better operational efficiency across our business. On a segmental basis, the main contributors were the established markets, which improved by approximately 260 basis points, as well as the developing markets, which improved by 220 basis points. In our emerging markets, comparable operating expenses, as a percent of net sales revenue, marginally increased, primarily driven by Russia's increased year-on-year sales and marketing expenses in relation to the Sochi Winter Olympic games, as well as Nigeria's higher logistic expenses. Turning to comparable operating profit, in the fourth quarter, we achieved growth in all of our reporting segments, so let me give you some more color on this. Overall, the benefits from our revenue growth initiatives, higher volume and lower operating expenses, more than offset the accelerated negative impact from currency movements, mainly from emerging markets, as well as the slightly higher input costs. As a result, comparable operating profit increased by approximately EUR 12 million in the fourth quarter and by EUR 1 million in the full year, leading to a comparable operating profit of EUR 68 million and EUR 454 million, respectively. Turning to the performance of our 3 segments in the quarter. Our established markets improved by approximately EUR 1 million. Benefits from our restructuring initiatives and tighter operating expense management more than offset the negative price/mix. Our developing markets improved by EUR 5 million, primarily driven by lower operating expenses and improved price/mix, which more than offset the impact of the volume decline. Our emerging markets improved by EUR 6 million. The benefits from our revenue growth initiatives and higher volume more than compensated for the adverse currency impact, mainly in Russia and Belarus, as well as the higher input costs and higher operating expenses. In the fourth quarter, we accelerated the implementation of certain restructuring initiatives. As a result, we incurred restructuring charges of EUR 31 million, mainly in established markets. For the full year, restructuring costs amounted to EUR 56 million as we pursued some additional restructuring opportunities towards the year-end. Total benefits from our 2012 and 2013 restructuring initiatives reached EUR 57 million within 2013. We have identified further restructuring opportunities for 2014, which are expected to cost approximately EUR 35 million, with the expected annualized benefits reaching EUR 25 million from 2015 onwards. Given the above, we expect that the total benefits from 2013 and 2014 initiatives will reach EUR 33 million in the full year of 2014. We continue to generate solid free cash flow growth and deliver working capital improvements. In 2013, for the first time in the group's history, we delivered negative working capital as a result of our consistent efforts over the past several years. The majority of the improvements came from receivables reduction, as well as inventory improvements. As a result, we reduced working capital in the full year by EUR 98 million, following an EUR 84 million reduction in 2012. This led to a EUR 14 million contribution to the full year free cash flow growth of EUR 71 million. In the fourth quarter, we generated free cash flow of EUR 68 million, EUR 89 million higher than the prior period. In the full year, as I mentioned earlier, free cash flow increased by EUR 71 million or 21% to EUR 413 million. This was driven by the working capital improvements, as well as lower net capital expenditure and favorable tax payments impact. Let me now touch upon the financing of our business. Looking ahead into 2014, we expect that our successful refinancing in June 2013 at very competitive rates, as well as the reduced level of gross debt from 2014 onwards following the repayment of the September 2013 and January 2014 bonds will result in annual savings in our financing costs of approximately EUR 18 million. Overall, we remain committed to maintaining a conservative and diversified financial profile, translating to a net debt to comparable EBITDA ratio in the range of 1.5x to 2x. Our net debt to comparable EBITDA ratio closed at 1.9x at the end of 2013, down from 2.1x at the end of 2012. Looking to the year ahead. Based on current trends across our territories, and despite persistent challenges in some of our key countries, we expect currency neutral net sales revenue per case to continue to grow year-over-year at a higher rate than 2013. We expect a stable input cost environment for 2014, with currency neutral input cost per case remaining broadly flat year-over-year. Within this, increased PET prices and higher aluminum total costs are expected to offset lower average sugar prices. In terms of currencies, taking into account the performance of our hedged positions and our latest forecasts, we anticipate the negative impact from currency movements in 2014 to be significantly higher than the EUR 32 million negative impact incurred in 2013. We are closely monitoring the recent currency volatility, especially in the emerging markets. Due to the evolving mix of profitability in our country portfolio, we now expect a comparable effective tax rate shift to the 24% to 26% range. Our annual net capital expenditure over the medium term is still expected to range between 5.5% and 6.5% of net sales revenue. We expect that increased operational efficiency, as well as further improvements in working capital will support solid free cash flow generation in the midterm. During the 2013 to 2015 3-year period, we continue to expect to generate cumulative free cash flow of approximately EUR 1.3 billion. And with that, let me now pass the floor to Dimitris, who will give you some more color on our operational performance in the quarter. Dimitris Lois Thank you, Michalis. Now, allow me to take you through the top line developments in significant strategic areas of our business. Overall, volume increased by 1% in the fourth quarter, following a 2% increase in the same period last year. The established markets were stable this quarter, following 9 consecutive quarters of volume decline. We are pleased to have seen the improving volume trends in the segment and at the same time, remain cautious as the macroeconomic and trading environment remains difficult. The development markets performance turned negative this quarter, cycling a 1% increase in the prior year, reflecting our strategic choice to focus on sustainable value-accretive volume in certain markets and the ongoing volatility in the segment. Volume in the emerging markets grew by 4%, cycling an 8% growth in the same period last year. We continue to experience varying trend levels of performance in the segment. This quarter, the strong performance in Russia, Nigeria and Belarus more than offset the volume declines in Ukraine, Romania and Serbia. We are leaders in the sparkling beverage in 23 out of 24 markets, and we continue to improve our leadership position in the majority of our countries. Specifically, in the full year, we grew or maintained our volume and value share in Sparkling beverage category in 20 out of 24 of our markets, including most of our key markets, while we gained or maintained value share in the overall nonalcoholic ready-to-drink market in 18 out of 24 of our markets. More importantly, in the year-end, we reached out our best-ever Sparkling volume share in 12 of our markets. Sparkling beverages grew by 1% in both the quarter and the full year. Trademark Coca-Cola products were once again the oxygen of our business, growing by 2% in both periods. This reflects growth in both Coca-Cola Regular and Coca-Cola Zero, which grew across all 3 reporting segments. Our Energy brands continue to grow by 6%, marking the 15th consecutive quarter of volume expansion in this category. The positive performance in the fourth quarter was driven by strong growth in Russia, Hungary, Czech, Italy, Romania, Ireland and Serbia. Ready-to-drink tea products declined in both periods, following a 4% growth in prior year. The decline reflects negative performance across all segments with Russia and Austria being the key growth drivers. Volume in the Juice category improved by 6%, with volume expansion across all segments, driven by strong growth in key countries such as Russia, Belarus, Romania, Hungary, Poland and Ireland. As a result, our full year volume in the category grew by 1%. Volume in the Water category was stable in the quarter, supported by strong performance in the emerging markets segment. Nigeria and Belarus were the key incremental growth drivers. Overall, Italy, Ukraine and the Czech Republic continued their negative performance, reflecting both our strategy to rationalize our SKU, as well as the overall trends in most of these markets. In line with this strategy, package mix in the category improved for the 12th consecutive quarter across all segments. Turning now to each of our reporting segments. Volume in our established markets segment was stable in the fourth quarter. In Italy, the overall volume decline in the quarter was mainly driven by Water. Sparkling volume grew in the quarter. In the full year, we have gained both volume and value share in Sparkling beverages and value in the overall NARTD. Looking ahead, we remain cautious and expect 2014 to be another challenging year for Italy, particularly in view of the record-high unemployment and the continued pressures in disposable income. Our strategy is focused on winning in the marketplace by increasing the points of interaction we have in each outlet, addressing affordability, controlling costs by exploiting systems, optimizing infrastructure and strict working capital management. In Greece, the rate of volume decline continued to moderate in the fourth quarter. Juice and Water were the key category outperformance following more than 15 consecutive quarters of decline. In the full year, we outperformed the market and grew our volume share in Sparkling beverages category. Going forward, we need to be mindful that 2013 was the fifth year of volume decline in Greece, yet disposable income is expected to decline further in 2014, while unemployment remains at record high and is expected to peak in 2014. As a result, we remain focused on addressing affordability, winning in the marketplace and improving operational efficiency. In Switzerland, volume grew across most key categories. In Sparkling beverages, Coca-Cola Zero grew by 5%, while Fanta grew by low-double digits, supported by increased activation and improved distribution. Our focus for Switzerland is to drive key customer collaboration plans, while accelerating outlet execution and distribution by implementation of our route-to-market optimization initiatives. Our strategy in established markets is to protect net sales revenue per case while addressing affordability. We are also continuously looking into improving efficiencies and optimizing our cost base. As part of this, most of our restructuring initiatives that have taken place in 2013 and are expected to take place in '14 relate to this segment. In our developing markets, we registered a 5% volume decline in the fourth quarter following a 1% increase in the prior year. The macroeconomic and trading environment in Central Europe remains volatile. Our performance in Poland reflects the tougher comparables, as well as our strategic decision to focus on sustainable value-accretive volume in an environment which is highly driven by discounters. We will continue to focus on our OBPPC implementation to strengthen our net sales revenue per case, while also driving operational efficiency and maintaining a tight cost control. Hungary maintained a downward trend, albeit at a lower pace, mainly due to improved performance in our Energy, Juice and Water categories, with the latter 2 cycling strong declines in the comparable prior-year period. In 2013, we became market leaders in the Juice category, while we maintained our volume share in both Sparkling beverages and NARTD. Overall underlying trading conditions remained tough as unemployment remains at double-digit levels, while consumer confidence is among the lowest in the European Union. In Czech, the volume declined by mid-single digits, predominantly driven by declines in Water. Coca-Cola Zero grew by strong double digit, while Energy grew by mid-single digit, reflecting the strong performance of Burn. Overall, package mix improved in our development markets in the fourth quarter, both in the Sparkling and in the Water category. This reflects our continued focus on OBPPC implementation in the segment as a tool to address the market and consumer dynamics. Volume in our emerging markets segment grew by 4% in the fourth quarter, cycling an 8% increase in the prior-year period. Strong performance in Russia, Nigeria and Belarus more than offset the volume decline in Ukraine, Romania and Serbia. Volume in Russia was exceptionally strong, cycling a very tough comparable of 16%. We delivered growth in all key beverage categories, with the exception of Water. The fourth quarter result in Russia was supported by our flawless execution of the Olympic Torch Relay, strong Christmas activation and ongoing OBPPC execution. Looking ahead, we continue to expect Russia to grow at a moderate pace compared to the trends seen in Q4. As the macroeconomic growth continues to decelerate, we expect this to continue to filter through to consumers as reflected by the decline in consumer confidence and the slower pace of growth in the overall NARTD markets since the beginning of the year. In the full year, we gained volume and value share in both Sparkling category and NARTD. Volume in Nigeria continued to grow strongly, building on the positive momentum of previous quarters and leading to the best volume growth in 10 years. Growth in the fourth quarter was driven by our strong activation, as well as improved availability in a seasonally strong quarter. Trademark Coca-Cola products grew by 12%, while Water grew by strong double digits, supported by our new PET capacity. We continue to execute on our strategy in the country, focusing on expanding further distribution and volume per outlet of our core brands, driving availability across-the-board and finally, selectively introducing OBPPC initiatives. Romania declined by low-single digits, with the pace of decline decelerating in the fourth quarter of the year. Volume declined in all key categories with the exception of Juice, which was supported by the launch of Cappy Pulpy. Overall, we remain cautious as domestic demand and consumer confidence remain under pressure. In the full year, we continued to outperform the market, gain volume and value market share in both Sparkling and overall NARTD. In closing, I would like to reiterate that we remain committed to strengthening our business and manage it for the long term, with a focus on investing in our brands. In 2014, we expect a challenging macroeconomic and trading environment in most of our territories. In the emerging market, there is currently limited visibility on the potential impact of the recent financial and macroeconomic events and how this will filter through to the real economy. Looking at fourth quarter of 2013, we are encouraged to see that the initiatives we implement throughout the year decelerated the negative group volume trend. Before I open the floor to questions, I would like to highlight that we have a strong track record of returning value to our shareholders. To this end, for the financial year 2013, we will seek shareholder approval for EUR 0.354 dividend per share. This represents a 4% increase, in line with our progressive dividend policy. And with that, Michalis and I are ready to take your questions. Operator? Question-and-Answer Session Operator [Operator Instructions] Your first question today comes from the line of Nicolas Ceron of SocGen. Nicolas Ceron - Societe Generale Cross Asset Research Coming back on your outlook for 2014 on the input costs, I mean, we see the sugar prices going down significantly in the world and in Europe, and yet, you don't seem to benefit from that. Could you maybe explain to us as to why that is the case, and if you have any contract that will run out through the course of the year? And maybe a second point, I think you mention in the press release an increase in the incidence rate for the concentrate. Is there anything unusual here or is that just a normal price increase with the mechanism of incidence? Michalis Imellos It's Michalis here. I'll start with the input cost guidance, and then Dimitris will give you some more background on the incidence increase. So, when it comes to the input costs, currency neutral per case in 2014, as we've said, we see them broadly stable. It is true that on the sugar front, we see improvements year-over-year. So, starting with EU sugar, we see a high-single digit decline in 2014 and that is very much linked with the announced abolition of the EU quota, sugar quota in 2017. And we have a very strong coverage for EU sugar. We are more or less fully covered for 2014, so there is good visibility there. In terms of world sugar, the expectation is for prices to be flattish year-over-year, taking into account also our hedged positions. In Russia, we are fully hedged for 2014. And for Nigeria, we have covered around 80% of our needs. So there, we are also quite comfortable in terms of the trends. Where we see increases is, first of all, on PET, we see a mid-single digit increase for 2014. Bear in mind also that there is a mix of dollar and euro purchases in our countries in terms of resin. Some countries buy in U.S. dollars, some countries buy in euros. And as you know, PET, we cannot hedge, so there is some uncertainty and some volatility for 2014 in this area. And finally, in aluminum, we do see a slight decline in the aluminum price, but we do experience higher conversion costs as we exit longer-term contracts. And the combination of the 2 is going to drive a small single-digit increase overall in aluminum total cost in 2014. So the combination of those 4 major raw material factors will drive the broadly stable input cost per case on a currency neutral basis. That is excluding concentrate because, consistently, we quote input cost excluding concentrate. Dimitris Lois Nicolas, this is Dimitris. On your second question, just to give you an order of magnitude, the total impact at group level is approximately 0.5% of net sales revenue. And we will implement price initiatives that fully mitigate this incidence increase. Obviously, these price initiatives are going to be consistent with our OBPPC strategy. Nicolas Ceron - Societe Generale Cross Asset Research But does that mean that basically your contract -- I thought the increase of the concentrate price was like the incidence model, was a formula that would give you automatically the concentrate price. Has this formula been changed? Is that why you're flagging or is that just that a normal formula being applied? Michalis Imellos Yes. Effectively, there is a percentage of sales revenue which is the incidence, and this percentage has been increased. The overall increased impact is, as Dimitris said, 0.5% of the total net sales revenue. Nicolas Ceron - Societe Generale Cross Asset Research Okay. And I guess this has been increased when you renewed the 10-year contract or 15-year contract with Coke for your territories, is that right? Dimitris Lois No. These are 2 different things. I mean, we have renewed, as you very well pointed out, until 2023. And we have, as of January 1, 2014, this incidence increase that, I have said with you, which is the 0.5% on net sales revenue. Nicolas Ceron - Societe Generale Cross Asset Research Okay. And just coming back on the sugar, if I may, would that be fair to assume that if the spot prices remain the same, you would have a material benefit to your input cost in 2015? Michalis Imellos We do expect also a small improvement based on where we are at the moment and the prices that we can see. It's too early, obviously, to call how big the improvement is. We are also, clearly, not fully hedged yet for 2015. But directionally, yes, we do expect an improvement. Operator Your next question comes from the line of Adam Spielman of Citi. Adam Spielman - Citigroup Inc, Research Division Yes. Can I ask, I think, 2 maybe 3 questions? To start off, following up on the question on input costs and concentrate, when you say that currency neutral input costs are roughly flat, should I be thinking about that, I guess, in euro terms, or should I be thinking about that in ruble terms for Russia? And I suppose talking about -- to give an example, if world sugar, you're saying, is roughly flat, if it's flat in dollars, maybe the price has gone up in rubles, but also maybe you've hedged it. So can you clarify that? Secondly, on the concentrate, again, a follow-up on that, do you have -- do you know now if the price of -- if a percentage of price of the incident rate for concentrate pricing will rise again in 2015 and beyond? And then finally, are you able to expand a little bit on the outlook for Nigeria? Some people are saying that as the government prepares for the election, that will stimulate demand; others are saying different. So if you could just give us a bit of color about how you see the Nigerian outlook, that would be great. Dimitris Lois Okay. I'll take your second and the third question. No, we are not aware of any additional incidence increase, so that covers the concentrate price increase. Now, Nigeria, the -- what we see in the market is a market that is growing. Yes, there are elections. Elections currently are for May 2015. So, in my personal view, I don't believe that this drives what we have seen in the market in 2013. And also, we are very optimistic for 2014. And with that, let me pass to Michalis to cover your first question on your input cost. Michalis Imellos Adam, the -- what we quote is input cost per unit case, currency neutral. So it is in euros, the input cost per unit case, and it is on a like-for-like currency base as in 2013. So, to that, you would need to apply the potential volume change, increase, decrease, or whatever. And then, on top of that, put the incremental ForEx impact that we will have in 2014 versus 2013. But what we quote here is the input cost per case in euro terms, currency neutral. Adam Spielman - Citigroup Inc, Research Division That's very clear on all 3 answers, but if I can follow-up on that. As you look at spot rates, as they are today, clearly, I think what you've said, if I do understand it correctly, is that as the ruble falls and some other currencies, that has an adverse transaction effect. Are you able, in any way, to quantify what you think that is, assuming spot rates continued where they are? Michalis Imellos So, yes, one would have to take, obviously, into account a number of factors like, for example, the mix of the currencies, the level of hedging that we have already done and so on and so forth. But if I was to look overall at the ForEx impact, which we quoted as being significantly higher in 2014 versus '13, I would say that right now, we are in a situation where things are very volatile still. I believe it is too early to project fully what is happening right now for the remainder of the year; we have to see how things unravel in the emerging markets. Having said that, the hedges that we have already taken in the rates before the crisis, the emerging markets currency crisis, I would say can see us until the end of April, mid-May. So, until then, we continue to benefit from the hedges that we have already taken before the currency crisis. Now, obviously, if these rates continue beyond that, and bearing in mind that according to our hedging policy, we do have a rolling activity of hedges, clearly, the impact versus what we have seen in 2013, the EUR 32 million, is going to be very, very high. So what very high is, I would say that it can be a range that can swing from 60% in the best of the cases, all the way up to 120%. So it's very early to quote something with, let's say, reasonable certainty. We will come back in May after our quarter 1 results and give some further update on how ForEx is progressing. Adam Spielman - Citigroup Inc, Research Division Okay. Can I -- sorry to keep on pressing you. When you say it can swing between 60% and 120%, 60% and 120% of what? I didn't quite understand that. Michalis Imellos Of the EUR 32 million hit that we had in 2013. Adam Spielman - Citigroup Inc, Research Division Okay, that's very clear. Sorry to keep on pressing. Michalis Imellos Adam, that's the extra, okay, clearly. It's not -- it's going to be more than 2013. Operator Your next question comes from the line of Edward Mundy of Nomura. Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division Just coming back to the incidence rate, just so I understand it fully, the 0.5% that -- of that extra sort of pricing that you acquire, equates to an incidence increase of between 2% to 3%, is that right? Michalis Imellos No, it's the impact, the absolute impact, the euro impact, Ed, is going to be, is estimated to be 0.5% of net sales revenue. So something like EUR 40 million, let's say. Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division Okay. So what's the actual increase in the incidence rate itself? Michalis Imellos You cannot measure it like this because it applies to specific countries and specific brands, so it's -- there isn't one specific increase across-the-board. We just converted the equivalent increase just for the ease of your calculations. Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division Okay. And is this specific to Coca-Cola Hellenic, or do you think this is an issue for other bottlers as well? Dimitris Lois No. Ed, we don't know about other bottlers. That, I mean, we just talk about ourselves. Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division Okay. And I mean you flagged 2013 as a margin inflection year. I mean, if -- we know the impact of the increased pricing you acquired to pass on the incidence increase. You flagged that input cost is going to be neutral in euro terms. I mean, if the currencies do move against you and you have a negative transaction impact, are you still confident you're going to be able to get your margins up in 2014? Dimitris Lois Well, that's what we have been focusing on all the elements, Ed, that we control, starting from volume, going to the revenue per case, FX-neutral, which is going to grow higher than this year. From single-digit negative to flattish, we will continue our operating expenses and take cost out. So all the things that we control, we are very optimistic. Eventually, we are also optimistic about the margin. And the disclosure here is we don't know at this stage because it's very early in the year how the overall FX will evolve. Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division Sure, very clear. And you flagged 2013 as the margin inflection year. Do you think it's also the volume inflection year, given some of the improvement you saw in Q4? Dimitris Lois We were very happy to see Q4, Ed. And at this point, what we expect is the overall total group volume to have a deceleration of the negative trend. We closed the year with minus 1%. Our expectation overall is to see at 2014 decelerating this negative trend. Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division Okay. And just finally on your free cash flow, you've had much stronger cash conversion. Do you think you're going to be able to generate positive working capital in 2014 as well? Michalis Imellos We are hoping for negative working capital, Ed. But I guess, you mean that whether we will be able to continue to contribute positively in the cash flow as a result of the negative working capital and, yes, the expectation is to have further improvements. Clearly, as we enter the negative territory of working capital, those improvements will diminish inevitably. So, in the future years, we expect more contribution from the profitability, but also contribution from the working capital. Edward Mundy - Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division And just one final question on the cash. I think you disclosed that within your CapEx, you've reduced the marketing equipment as a portion of total CapEx from 26% down to 20%. I presume that's coolers. Is that sort of an ongoing run rate, that 20%, as a proportion of your overall CapEx? Michalis Imellos Not much changes in terms of our focus on investing behind revenue-generating activities. We are complacently at around 70% of our CapEx, going towards revenue-generating activities. And that's coolers, production lines, new infrastructure and so on. So nothing changes there. Operator [Operator Instructions] Your next question comes from the line of Olivier Nicolai of UBS. Olivier Nicolai - UBS Investment Bank, Research Division I've just got 2 questions. First of all, on Poland. Volumes declined by high-single digits in Q4. Could you just give us a bit more color on this? And do you think you are losing share in the market versus private labels for instance? And the second point is on your COGS in Nigeria. I know you don't disclose by country, but could you have an idea of what the percentage of your COGS is in local currency versus euro or dollar? Dimitris Lois On Poland, a couple of things. The first is that we have seen in Q4 the market suffering. And I'm saying that because, overall, we see on Sparkling, which was the category that suffered the most, negative mid-single digit, which was not what we were seeing the previous quarters. So the first thing is the overall market. The second thing is that we have been cycling a strong Q4 last year. And the third element is behind our focus and our decision on sustainable value-accretive volume, and that's particularly in Sparkling, in an environment where it's highly driven by discounters. So those are the 3 reasons behind what you have seen in Q4 in Poland. And I'm going to turn to Michalis for your question with regards to Nigeria. Michalis Imellos Yes. Olivier, we -- as you said, we don't give specific details of the mix in the COGS by country. But the general rule is that concentrate is -- you should think of it in local currency because it's a percent of net sales revenue. When it comes to sugar, PET and aluminum, in the majority of the markets, these are foreign currency exposures, unless there is real local produce where you can buy locally. Operator Your next question comes from the line of Gabriela Malczynska of Barclays. Gabriela Malczynska - Barclays Capital, Research Division Can I just ask a couple of questions, first one on the -- your bottling contract with Coke? So you said it's expiring in -- it was extended until 2023, but is there a possibility of the incident rate change in between those years, or is that going to be fixed until 2023? Dimitris Lois Yes, you're absolutely right. First of all, it's extended until 2023. As far as the incidence is concerned, that's something that The Coca-Cola Company decides, so we don't know, what's going to be... Gabriela Malczynska - Barclays Capital, Research Division So it can change? Dimitris Lois It can -- yes. Yes, it can change, because there it is, it's their decision. Gabriela Malczynska - Barclays Capital, Research Division Okay. And then on Russia, could you just maybe elaborate whether there is any -- you can see any change in the market share between different categories, whether there is any share-taking from beer given all the kiosk closures? Dimitris Lois Okay. First of all, it has been an excellent quarter for us. And this is the 13th consecutive quarter that we grow share and I'm focusing around Brand Coca-Cola and, obviously, also a very strong quarter with regards to growth on flavors: Fanta, Sprite and Schweppes. Juice has been doing fantastically well, so, all in all, a very good quarter. Cycling, a very strong quarter last year, so the 2-year growth is above 20%. With this in mind, we have been following closely the changes in the beer legislation. Medium term, yes, we do expect that we will be having a benefit out of that. At this point of time, we have seen, especially this year, closures on kiosks, which we expect will moderate next year. So the point is that, yes, we do see benefits of consumers shifting to our brands. This is something medium term, so we haven't captured any real benefit yet. That's the answer, Gabriela. Gabriela Malczynska - Barclays Capital, Research Division Okay. And the last one on the tax rate because there's an increase versus the expectation, could you maybe elaborate on that? I understand it's a country mix, but could you give more flavor on it? Michalis Imellos There isn't very much to add, Gabriela. It's the mix of countries is changing. As Dimitris highlighted, the trends in terms of the decline of decelerating the established markets, so this obviously helps in terms of the mix of profit into the overall group. And looking at the overall mix, we believe now there is a slight shift in the effective tax rate. Operator Your next question comes from the line of Costas Theodorou of NBG Securities. Costas Theodorou - National Bank of Greece SA, Research Division I have one question with regards to your expectation from -- for the contribution of The Coca-Cola Company regarding marketing and promotional activities for 2014. Do you see any significant change versus the past? I have the numbers from 2010 to 2012, and if you can tell me, what's the number for 2013? That's my first question. And my second question is with regards to your -- the impact of currencies, how would be the split as things stand now between transaction and the impact from the currency on the countries, in transformation, I mean? Dimitris Lois Costas, on your first question with regards to the marketing from The Coca-Cola Company, our expectation is that it's going to be close to what we have seen in 2013 and definitely in line our key strategic priorities behind the brands. And with that, let me shift to Michalis for your FX question. Michalis Imellos Yes. Costas, we expect that the translational impact, so translating local currencies to euro for reporting purposes, will be pretty much similar or even -- could be even better in the good scenario than 2013. The major, major impact from the increase in the ForEx that we see in 2014 is coming from transactional. Operator Your next question comes from the line of Henry Davies of the Bank of America. Henry Davies - BofA Merrill Lynch, Research Division I've got 3 questions, please. Firstly, can you make any comments on trading so far in the first quarter? It seems like there must have been quite a pickup in November, December given you cautioned a difficult start to the quarter at the 3Q stage. Secondly, on the price of concentrate, I believe you said it was a 0.5% impact in euro terms. If we put that into local currencies, I guess the impact is different. Can you tell us what that would be? And then lastly, on margins, the outlook into '14, I mean, if we avoid trying to forecast what the currency does from here, we assume current spot stays for the remainder of the year. Can you really get margins up in '14? On my quick math, it looks like you're facing a minus 50-plus bps headwind from transactional FX and, at the same time, you've told us that volumes are still expected to be slightly down. So if you can get margins up, what would drive that? Dimitris Lois Okay. Let me -- Henry, let me take your first question. First of all, as you know, Q1 is a very small quarter in volume. So, obviously, given the seasonality in our business, I don't believe that Q1 is indicative. With this, I would like to give you a bit more color overall in 2014. I think it's clear that the expectation on challenging both macro and trading environment is there. Unemployment and disposable income are getting deteriorated. So, with this in mind, and obviously with what we have seen in the last quarter of 2014 -- of 2013, first of all, we believe that, overall, established will decelerate the decline in volume and established are the most profitable of the 3 segments. In developing, we don't really see much of a difference in how they will do in '14 versus what they have been doing overall in '13. And then obviously, the key growth driver is going to be emerging. Now, in emerging, if we could split into 2 big pillars, one, including Nigeria and Russia, we are very optimistic on Nigeria. And with regards to Russia, we believe that Russia is going to grow at a moderate growth rate versus Q4. We are focusing very closely, obviously, the FX developments and how the FX developments will filter through, if those continue because it's only February. And then we have another pillar which is the 3 countries that have been suffering the most and we have seen that in Q3, and that's Romania, Ukraine and Serbia. We have seen an overall improvement there, and we expect overall that we're going to see a moderate improvement in the rate of decline in those 3 countries. So that's why we are optimistic overall. So that eventually concludes in having the group next year on a decelerating mode of the negative volume trend that we have seen this year. And with this, let me pass to Michalis to give you a bit more color on your concentrate and your margin question. Michalis Imellos Henry, first of all, on the concentrate, 0.5% of NSR is the straight measure. As I said earlier, concentrate is calculated -- the concentrate price is calculated on the local currency revenue. So no matter how revenue evolves in terms of the different exchange ranges, it will always be 0.5%. So that doesn't change, whether it's euro or something else. In terms of your third question, I think we have given some guidance in terms of the revenue expectations that currency neutral revenue per case is to grow at a higher rate than 2013. The input costs, broadly flat; on a per-case basis, currency neutral. Certainly, you have to add to the total cost the impact of the concentrate increase because it's not part of this input cost guidance. We have more restructuring actions for 2014. We expect another EUR 35 million of restructuring costs which will generate incremental benefits of EUR 33 million in 2014. And, of course, we continue with the strong, tight OpEx management. So we do expect further improvements as percent of revenue in 2014. And against all this, certainly, we have the significant currency headwind which we discussed. Taking all this into account, clearly, 2013 will not be the only year of inflection; we want to continue with profit margin growing also in '14. Henry Davies - BofA Merrill Lynch, Research Division Okay. If I could ask one quick follow-up. Within those 2 buckets in emerging markets, Russia and Nigeria versus the others, what is the margin differential between those 2 groups, if you could? Dimitris Lois We don't provide margins per country, Henry. Operator There are no further questions at this time. Speakers, please continue. Dimitris Lois Before my closing comment, I would like to say a very big thank you to Oya for all her contributions in the last 3 years and wish her, in her new role as a Treasury Director, all the success. I want to thank you for joining us today and for all the questions that facilitated a good discussion around our fourth quarter and full year performance. As a final remark, let me reiterate that we are confident that we have the right strategy to successfully respond to the challenges in the marketplace. We continue to focus on the elements we can control, becoming stronger, leaner and more efficient. This is our strategy. It's clear, and we know that when executed with excellence, it works: winning at the point-of-sale every day and in every occasion; growing currency neutral revenue per case consistently, while continuing to address affordability; cost leadership in every aspect of our business, as we work on improving efficiencies and optimize our cost base; and finally, focusing on working capital improvements and continuing to generate strong free cash flow. Thank you. And we look forward to speaking with you again very soon. Operator Thank you. That does conclude the conference for today. Thank you for participating. You may all disconnect. Copyright policy: All transcripts on this site are the copyright of Seeking Alpha. However, we view them as an important resource for bloggers and journalists, and are excited to contribute to the democratization of financial information on the Internet. (Until now investors have had to pay thousands of dollars in subscription fees for transcripts.) So our reproduction policy is as follows: You may quote up to 400 words of any transcript on the condition that you attribute the transcript to Seeking Alpha and either link to the original transcript or to www.SeekingAlpha.com. All other use is prohibited. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HERE IS A TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION OF THE APPLICABLE COMPANY'S CONFERENCE CALL, CONFERENCE PRESENTATION OR OTHER AUDIO PRESENTATION, AND WHILE EFFORTS ARE MADE TO PROVIDE AN ACCURATE TRANSCRIPTION, THERE MAY BE MATERIAL ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INACCURACIES IN THE REPORTING OF THE SUBSTANCE OF THE AUDIO PRESENTATIONS. IN NO WAY DOES SEEKING ALPHA ASSUME ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY INVESTMENT OR OTHER DECISIONS MADE BASED UPON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEB SITE OR IN ANY TRANSCRIPT. USERS ARE ADVISED TO REVIEW THE APPLICABLE COMPANY'S AUDIO PRESENTATION ITSELF AND THE APPLICABLE COMPANY'S SEC FILINGS BEFORE MAKING ANY INVESTMENT OR OTHER DECISIONS. | Low | [
0.47902869757174305,
27.125,
29.5
]
|
Business and Society Following up on yesterday’s entry about Ronald Aronson’s call for a renewed socialism in American politics, I offer this paragraph from J. Budziszewski’s book, What We Can’t Not Know. Discussing the principle of subsidiarity as first explicitly articulated by Pius XI in the encyclical Quadragesimo Anno, Budziszewski writes, As Pius explained, what pushed the principle of subsidiarity to the forefront was the crisis in civil society brought about by the industrial revolution. Continue Reading... Ronald Aronson argues that the political left in America needs to get back to its true socialist roots in order to become a coherent and clear alternative in this article from The Nation, “The Left Needs More Socialism.” He points to contemporary political movements in other countries as models for success of the American left: But Americans need only glance around the world to see that there are alternatives. Continue Reading... “Immigration creates wealth,” says Larry Kudlow: Part of the immigration problem is simply Mexico’s inadequate growth and lack of economic opportunity. The country is growing at about 3 percent a year, but it ought to be growing at six to ten percent. Continue Reading... It was a major topic of discussion during the era of corporate scandals a couple years ago, but the issue of executive compensation still pops up in the news from time to time, and it remains a problem with which serious thinkers continue to grapple. Continue Reading... An snippet from Ecumenical News International: Presbyterians invest $1 million in church ‘bank’ that helps poor New York (ENI). The Presbyterian Church (USA) has invested US$1 million in Oikocredit, an organization established by the World Council of Churches that assists people in poor countries start small businesses.Continue Reading... Hunter Baker at The Reform Club passes along a column by Maggie Gallagher that has him “rethinking” his position concerning illegal immigration. Gallagher notes, “Economic studies suggest that overall, immigration is a net wash, or a slight plus, for the American economy. Continue Reading... A recent NBER working paper, “The Effects of Tort Reform on Medical Malpractice Insurers’ Ultimate Losses,” argues that “The long run effects of reforms are greater than insurers’ expected effects, as five year developed losses and ten year developed losses are below the initially reported incurred losses for those years following reform measures.” A number of the specific changes in the history of tort law are discussed in Ronald Rychlak’s Trial by Fury: Restoring the Common Good in Tort Litigation, part of Acton’s Christian Social Thought Series. Continue Reading... This is probably not the best move for a state that has been among the worst in the nation in terms of unemployment: “Lawmakers in the Michigan House of Representatives are preparing to vote on a proposed hike in the minimum wage to nearly $7 an hour.” The state Senate passed the measure late last week, so the House’s agreement would put the matter into the hands of Gov. Continue Reading... Seth Godin contends today that “most people don’t really care about price.” He uses a couple of arguments that involve aspects of convenience, and so he concludes, “price is a signal, a story, a situational decision that is never absolute. Continue Reading... | Mid | [
0.575903614457831,
29.875,
22
]
|
Pre-stimulus sensorimotor rhythms influence brain-computer interface classification performance. The influence of pre-stimulus ongoing brain activity on post-stimulus task performance has recently been analyzed in several studies. While pre-stimulus activity in the parieto-occipital area has been exhaustively investigated with congruent results, less is known about the sensorimotor areas, for which studies reported inconsistent findings. In this work, the topic is addressed in a brain-computer interface (BCI) setting based on modulations of sensorimotor rhythms (SMR). The goal is to assess whether and how pre-stimulus SMR activity influences the successive task execution quality and consequently the classification performance. Grand average data of 23 participants performing right and left hand motor imagery were analyzed. Trials were separated into two groups depending on the SMR amplitude in the 1000 ms interval preceding the cue, and classification by common spatial patterns (CSPs) preprocessing and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was carried out in the post-stimulus time interval, i.e., during the task execution. The correlation between trial group and classification performance was assessed by an analysis of variance. As a result of this analysis, trials with higher SMR amplitude in the 1000 ms interval preceding the cue yielded significantly better classification performance than trials with lower amplitude. A further investigation of brain activity patterns revealed that this increase in accuracy is mainly due to the persistence of a higher SMR amplitude over the ipsilateral hemisphere. Our findings support the idea that exploiting information about the ongoing SMR might be the key to boosting performance in future SMR-BCI experiments and motor related tasks in general. | High | [
0.7089262613195341,
34.25,
14.0625
]
|
Amazon Prime Surpasses 150 Million Members "More people joined Prime during the fourth quarter of 2019 "than ever before," according to CEO Jeff Bezos. Amazon's Prime business has grown to over 150 million subscribers, the e-commerce giant disclosed Thursday. The offering, which gives members access to free two-day shipping and unlimited video and music streaming, received more signups during the fourth quarter of 2019 "than ever before," CEO Jeff Bezos said in the company's earnings report for the three-month period that ended in December. The company first disclosed Prime numbers in 2018, revealing that the service had hit 100 million members. Amazon offers Prime for $119 per year or $13 per month. It also offers a video-only plan, Amazon Prime Video, for $9 per month. In recent years, Amazon has worked to bolster the benefits of subscribing to Prime, including offering free one-day delivery and free two-hour grocery delivery. The Prime growth comes on the heels of a strong holiday quarter for Amazon, which saw a 21 percent increase in sales to $87.4 billion. The company also reported earnings of $6.47 per share. For the full year, Amazon sales increased 20 percent to $280.5 billion and earnings increased to $23.01 per share. One of Prime's perks is access to Amazon's library of original and licensed video programming, including the drama Jack Ryan and the comedies Fleabag and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. Bezos said that "Prime members watched double the hours of original movies and TV shows" during the fourth quarter compared with last year. Production arm Amazon Studios also brought home seven Emmy Awards in September and two Golden Globes in January. At 150 million members, Prime is inching closer to streaming video leader Netflix and its 167 million subscribers. Amazon doesn't break out how many of its Prime members take advantage of its video library, but did disclose on Thursday that its Fire TV operating system has more than 40 million active users and its Amazon Music streaming service has 55 million customers. | Mid | [
0.598019801980198,
37.75,
25.375
]
|
package org.cocos2d.actions.ease; import org.cocos2d.actions.interval.CCIntervalAction; public class CCEaseInOut extends CCEaseRateAction { public static CCEaseInOut action(CCIntervalAction action, float rate) { return new CCEaseInOut(action, rate); } protected CCEaseInOut(CCIntervalAction action, float rate) { super(action, rate); } @Override public void update(float t) { int sign = 1; int r = (int) rate; if (r % 2 == 0) sign = -1; t *= 2; if (t < 1) other.update(0.5f * (float) Math.pow(t, rate)); else other.update(sign * 0.5f * ((float) Math.pow(t - 2, rate) + sign * 2)); } // InOut and OutIn are symmetrical @Override public CCIntervalAction reverse() { return new CCEaseInOut(other.reverse(), rate); } } | Mid | [
0.5789473684210521,
31.625,
23
]
|
Straight Up Hollywood: Our big Oscar predictions, painful nomination snubs and surprises Bryan Alexander | USA TODAY After this week's big Oscar nominations, what are we going to see on the Academy Awards stage on March 4? The Straight Up Hollywood entertainment podcast joins forces with The Mothership, USA TODAY's geek culture podcast, to look ahead at the biggest movie night of the year. West Coast Entertainment editor Andrea Mandell (@AndreaMandell), entertainment reporter Carly Mallenbaum (@ThatGirlCarly) and movie reporter Bryan Alexander (@BryAlexand) also commiserate about some of the nomination results. Mandell is particularly mourning the absence of Wonder Woman, which didn't receive any Oscar nominations. Mothership's Brian Truitt (@BrianTruitt) and Brent Molina (@BrentMolina23) are feeling some Oscar pain as well. More: Oscar nominations 2018: Snubbed! Steven Spielberg, Tom Hanks, James Franco denied spots We hit on all the big snubs from the nominations and the big surprises (umm, Boss Baby). Molina deserves props for making a proud and controversial defense of Boss Baby's best-animated-picture nomination, a staggering development. As always, if you have questions or comments about Hollywood's latest, reach out to us on Twitter. If you enjoy the podcast, please subscribe (for free) to and review Straight Up Hollywood on Apple Podcasts. Your ratings, reviews and feedback help keep us on the air. | Mid | [
0.550420168067226,
32.75,
26.75
]
|
Internal Revenue Bulletin: 2008-29 July 21, 2008 ESTATE TAX Transfer tax valuation of interest in restricted management account. This ruling addresses whether an interest in a restricted management account (RMA) will be valued for transfer tax purposes without any reduction or discount for the restrictions imposed by the RMA agreement. | Mid | [
0.5855513307984791,
38.5,
27.25
]
|
Key factors with ex-vitro acclimatization of tissue culture plants Tissue culture is a primary propagation engine for new infusions of disease-free germplasm. Though commonplace for many species, a frequent challenge for tissue culture plants remains achieving high post-acclimatization (or hardening) survival and vigorous growth. While each tissue culture method used (micropropagation, organogenesis, embryogenesis or embryo rescue) has its quirks, the need is the same once removed from jar or tub and transplanted: Keep them alive and get the root and shoot growing rapidly. The plant’s in vitro existence in the lab is physiologically a fat and lazy one if protocols are reasonably optimized. A tissue culture vessel is a closed, protective cocoon. It creates a near-saturated humidified environment (>95% RH), without air movement, and where light levels are generally moderate and controlled. Lastly, nutrients and water are freely provided for plant uptake via a semi-solid medium. The ex vitro hardening process requires plants to adjust to much wider and more rapid swings in environmental conditions. This must be carefully managed by greenhouse and nursery growers in a stepwise manner. While vigorous species can manage this process with seeming ease, other species and sometimes specific cultivars can be much more challenged and require slower and/or longer periods of adjustment. Plant quality The natural tendency when problems arise is to focus on the acclimatization environment. Is it too dry, too wet, too bright, too warm or too cold? Most often the plant quality coming from the lab largely determines the outcome well before the plants are ever exposed to the external environment. Quality at the lab Development of cultural methods for a new cultivar or species from tissue culture often poses the eternal “chicken or egg” question. When early greenhouse outcomes are poor, “is it the greenhouse or the lab’s fault”? The best method of resolution from the seemingly circular discussion is for the lab and greenhouse to collaborate. A useful first question can be, “What is the range in morphology that is currently coming to the greenhouse/acclimatization space?” If it is highly variable or not tracked, this suggests an opportunity for all involved to learn and to test. This can be done by planting plants with similar morphology and observing the result under current acclimatization conditions. If a morphotype is failing at a high frequency, and for obvious reasons (lack of general size, lack of foliage, lack of roots, hyperhydricity, contamination), then lab protocols need to improve and/or transplant specifications need to be made more stringent. Often the short-term answer (albeit painful) is to not ship or transplant low-quality material. While this is obvious for plant survival, it can also substantively impact final deliverable yield due to insufficient growth. This downstream loss can be very significant and costly. Understanding the full downstream cost implications of poor tissue culture stock often justify significant investments in process and infrastructure in the lab and acclimatization stages. “Green plant with roots” is not a specification unless most everything transplanted survives and grows well. Transplant selection at the greenhouse “Green plant with roots” is not a specification unless most everything transplanted survives and grows well. In most cases, additional objective criteria are required: root length, stem length, leaf number, longest leaf length, etc. Note that there are at least two aspects of “the shoot”: the stem and the foliage. Length and caliper of the stem is critical during transplant, and is the conduit for water, sugar and nutrition transport. The foliage likewise can be broken down into the number of leaves, leaf size and net foliar surface area. The sum of plant foliar surface area largely determines the growth rate potential in well-rooted situations. Leaf and shoot characteristics tend to be broadly correlated, but not always, and particularly coming from artificial environments. While the presence of a root is generally positive, there are some important caveats. Allowing roots to extend much past soil matrix depth can result in decline on the root-to-shoot ratio that can cause physiological stress if root trimming is severe. Secondly, longer roots that are more vascularized (brittle) at their base are more prone to damage and challenging to transplant. For these reasons, planning for expected rooting duration in the lab schedule is very important, but should also not be set in stone. The lab should always visually verify a batch has attained transplant specifications before it is transferred to acclimatization. Finally, timely inspection and real-time feedback by greenhouse staff provides a final opportunity to catch issues for correction in the next production batch. The ex vitro hardening process must be carefully managed by growers in a stepwise manner. Despite best efforts, sometimes long roots just cannot be avoided. Root growth in some species or cultivars are just strongly favored over shoots in vitro. In this case other factors such as transplant media volume, soil media components and transplant method may need to be altered. This will be further discussed in the next installment of the series. A plant is ultimately the sum of its parts, and because of this transplant decisions are made on plants, not individual plant parts. Use of large photo examples is a critical quality control tool for aiding transplanter decision-making. Photographs should have a sense of scale and display “ideal,” “minimally acceptable” and “clearly unacceptable” plants. Several examples of each category should be present. During routine discussion with staff, these pictures can be a very useful tool to help guide discussions and provide a common frame of reference and institutional memory of standards. Frequent and well-communicated training and quality control feedback along the transplant line cannot be overemphasized. While it is obvious to provide feedback to new workers, experienced staff and management also benefit. Drift in acceptable quality can occur very slowly as lots from the lab can evolve over weeks and months without anyone taking notice until plant outcomes begin to mysteriously change. Discussion about quality supports both workers and management balance the competing goals of achieving high transplant rate versus maintaining transplant quality. In the final analysis, the combination of clear specifications, training and feedback will greatly improve the odds of greenhouse benches being filled with uniform, high-vigor trays that come from tissue culture origin. | Mid | [
0.651948051948051,
31.375,
16.75
]
|
Among developmental disorders, DCD is one of the least studied and less understood one (Bishop, 2010). This review summarizes the current understanding of developmental coordination disorder in neuropsychology with a focus mainly on high level sensorimotor impairments, its etiology and its neural bases. We summarize these core deficits in the framework of an influent motor control model (Blakemore et al., 2002). DCD has several environmental risk factors which probably interplay with genetic factors but those have not been sufficiently identified. High-level sensori-motor deficits are probably multifactorial in DCD and involve predictive coding deficits as well as weaknesses in perceptual and sensory integration. At the brain level, DCD is associated with impaired structure and functions within the motor network. Throughout the review we highlight exciting new findings as well as potential future lines of research to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this disorder. | High | [
0.675191815856777,
33,
15.875
]
|
/**************************************************************************** * * Copyright 2018 Samsung Electronics All Rights Reserved. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, * software distributed under the License is distributed on an * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, * either express or implied. See the License for the specific * language governing permissions and limitations under the License. * ****************************************************************************/ /// @file itc_timer.c /// @brief Test Case Example for Timer API #include <tinyara/config.h> #include <errno.h> #include "tc_internal.h" #include <unistd.h> #include <signal.h> #include <sys/types.h> /** * @fn :itc_timer_set_time_n_after_delete * @brief :arm/disarm and fetch state of POSIX per-process timer * @scenario :arm/disarm and fetch state of POSIX per-process timer after timer delete * API's covered :timer_create, timer_settime, timer_gettime * Preconditions :Creation of timer_id(timer_create) * Postconditions :none */ static void itc_timer_set_time_n_after_delete(void) { int ret_chk = ERROR; clockid_t clockid = CLOCK_REALTIME; struct sigevent st_sigevent; struct itimerspec st_timer_spec_set; timer_t timer_id; st_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL; st_sigevent.sigev_signo = SIGRTMIN; st_sigevent.sigev_value.sival_ptr = &timer_id; ret_chk = timer_create(clockid, &st_sigevent, &timer_id); TC_ASSERT_NEQ("timer_create", ret_chk, ERROR); TC_ASSERT_NEQ("timer_create", timer_id, NULL); timer_delete(timer_id); TC_ASSERT_EQ("timer_delete", ret_chk, OK); st_timer_spec_set.it_interval.tv_sec = 1; st_timer_spec_set.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0; st_timer_spec_set.it_value.tv_sec = 1; st_timer_spec_set.it_value.tv_nsec = 0; ret_chk = timer_settime(timer_id, 0, &st_timer_spec_set, NULL); TC_ASSERT_NEQ("timer_settime", ret_chk, OK); TC_SUCCESS_RESULT(); } /** * @fn :itc_timer_get_time_n_after_delete * @brief :arm/disarm and fetch state of POSIX per-process timer * @scenario :arm/disarm and fetch state of POSIX per-process timer after delete * API's covered :timer_create, timer_settime, timer_gettime * Preconditions :Creation of timer_id(timer_create) * Postconditions :none */ static void itc_timer_get_time_n_after_delete(void) { int ret_chk = ERROR; clockid_t clockid = CLOCK_REALTIME; struct sigevent st_sigevent; struct itimerspec st_timer_spec_set; struct itimerspec st_timer_spec_get; timer_t timer_id; st_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_SIGNAL; st_sigevent.sigev_signo = SIGRTMIN; st_sigevent.sigev_value.sival_ptr = &timer_id; ret_chk = timer_create(clockid, &st_sigevent, &timer_id); TC_ASSERT_NEQ("timer_create", ret_chk, ERROR); TC_ASSERT_NEQ("timer_create", timer_id, NULL); st_timer_spec_set.it_interval.tv_sec = 1; st_timer_spec_set.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0; st_timer_spec_set.it_value.tv_sec = 1; st_timer_spec_set.it_value.tv_nsec = 0; ret_chk = timer_settime(timer_id, 0, &st_timer_spec_set, NULL); TC_ASSERT_EQ_ERROR_CLEANUP("timer_settime", ret_chk, OK, errno, timer_delete(timer_id)); ret_chk = timer_delete(timer_id); TC_ASSERT_EQ("timer_delete", ret_chk, OK); ret_chk = timer_gettime(timer_id, &st_timer_spec_get); TC_ASSERT_NEQ("timer_gettime", ret_chk, OK); TC_SUCCESS_RESULT(); } /**************************************************************************** * Name: timer ****************************************************************************/ int itc_timer_main(void) { itc_timer_set_time_n_after_delete(); itc_timer_get_time_n_after_delete(); return 0; } | Low | [
0.529166666666666,
31.75,
28.25
]
|
June 19, 2008 -- Former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, now under investigation for allegedly politicizing the Justice Department, ousted a top lawyer for failing to adopt the administration's position on torture and then promised him a position as a U.S. attorney to placate him, highly placed sources tell ABC News. Gonzales, who was just taking over as attorney general, asked Justice Department lawyer Daniel Levin to leave in early 2005, shortly after Levin wrote a legal opinion that declared "torture is abhorrent" and limited the administration's use of harsh interrogation techniques. At the time, Levin was in the middle of drafting a second, critical memo that analyzed the legality of specific interrogation techniques, like waterboarding. Gonzales, however, was concerned about how it would be perceived if Levin were ousted immediately after issuing the opinion — and just before he finished another — so he offered Levin a less significant job outside the Department of Justice at the National Security Council, sources tell ABC News. Gonzales then assured Levin he would, at some point, recommend him for a plum job as the U.S. attorney in Los Angeles, sources tell ABC. A spokesman for Gonzales, Robert Bork Jr., called it "simply untrue" that Levin was fired for his work on the torture opinion. "Judge Gonzales denies the contention that Mr. Levin was 'placated' with an offer of the U.S. attorneys slot in Los Angeles," Bork said, adding that Gonzales considered him "extremely well qualified for such a role" and that Levin had expressed an interest in it. Bork said Levin was appointed to his Justice Department job in a "temporary" capacity for "a short period of time" and was offered a "critical legal position" in the NSC after a "permanent nominee" at Justice was identified. Bork said Gonzales "has the greatest respect" for Levin. Levin took the NSC job in March 2005. The U.S. attorney position never materialized, and sources close to Levin say he never believed Gonzales was serious. He went on to take a job in private practice. Testifying before Congress Wednesday, Levin, who had been the Department of Justice's acting head of the Office of Legal Counsel, said he had hoped to remain in the post after writing the torture memo. "You were asked to go because you were at odds with administration's policies," said Rep. Artur Davis, an Alabama Democrat. "I think there is a pattern here. A lot of the people who got it right have been asked to leave by this administration." Levin acknowledged in the hearing that he was asked to leave after he wrote the December 2004 memo on torture. He refused to speculate on why Gonzales asked him to leave the Office of Legal Counsel, which issues legal opinions and provides guidance to the White House. "I would have preferred to have stayed," he said. The allegation that Gonzales dangled a U.S. attorney's job in front of a top official he was ousting connects two investigations that have monopolized the Justice Department in recent years. Just a few weeks before Levin was asked to leave, White House Advisor Karl Rove and Gonzales were involved in discussions over the dismissals of several U.S. attorneys. Nine were dismissed the following year, and the matter erupted into a scandal, with critics alleging the administration saw the US attorney posts as patronage positions. Congress held hearings to explore whether the attorneys had been dismissed for improper political considerations, and the matter now is under investigation by the inspector general of the Department of Justice. Although Gonzales denied ever asking for resignations for "partisan political gain," he and several top officials at the Department of Justice ultimately resigned in the wake of the controversy. Months later, after Levin left DOJ and took the NSC job, Gonzales' chief of staff wrote a memo that included Levin's name as a possible replacement for the U.S. attorney position in San Francisco, not Los Angeles. But sources say Levin would never have been a serious contender for that office because of earlier work he had done there. He worked in the office in 1999, as counselor to then-U.S. Atty. Robert Mueller, during an extensive and highly contentious effort to reshape it. Levin could not be reached for comment. Late Wednesday, one former senior official says Levin was forced out at DOJ, in part, because the administration believed his torture opinion was too critical. Levin had criticized an earlier Justice Department opinion on interrogation techniques written by former Office of Legal Counsel Deputy John Yoo. That controversial memo narrowly defined torture as only techniques that result in "death, organ failure or the permanent impairment of a significant body function." In June 2004, the Justice Department's Jack Goldsmith withdrew Yoo's opinion, finding it flawed and poorly reasoned. When Goldsmith resigned, Levin was tasked to write a new memo on torture policy to replace Yoo's original one. A former administration official said Levin pulled no punches in his memo — even referencing liberal scholar Anthony Lewis, a harsh administration critic, in a footnote. Yet, within weeks of releasing it — and while drafting a second, major memo that analyzed whether specific techniques like waterboarding were legal—Levin was asked by Gonzales to leave the Justice Department. Sources say the administration believed Levin could not be counted on to "come out the right way" on interrogation issues, as well as another controversial anti-terrorism program involving warrantless wiretapping. Levin, a graduate of Harvard University and the University of Chicago Law School, was seen by some in the administration as too independent, sources said. For example, while analyzing specific interrogation techniques, he went to a military base outside Washington and personally underwent waterboarding, which he concluded qualified as torture, unless done in a narrow way with close supervision. Levin refused to discuss the waterboarding experience in his congressional testimony Wednesday. Levin was replaced at DOJ by Stephen Bradbury, who remains today as "acting" head of the Office of Legal Counsel because the Senate has refused to confirm his nomination. Bradbury ultimately wrote the second memo on specific interrogation techniques that Levin had been working on before his ouster. Former administration officials say Levin's ouster was not an isolated one. Months after Levin was let go, Patrick Philbin, a former top Justice Department lawyer, also was blocked from promotion within DOJ former senior administration officials say. Philbin, too, had sided with moderates in the Department and took issue with some of the legal reasoning used to authorize interrogations and warrantless wiretapping. Ironically, it was Philbin who was the first to alert Goldsmith of possible problems in several legal opinions written in the years after Sept. 11th. Although a solid conservative on national security issues, Philbin, like Levin, was aligned with the more moderate Deputy Atty. General James Comey. Philbin was at Comey's side during the infamous hospital visit in March 2004, when then-White House Counsel Gonzales and Chief of Staff Andy Card rushed to the hospital room of a gravely ill Attorney General John Ashcroft to persuade him to reauthorize the wiretapping program after Comey refused. In Senate testimony last year, Comey was asked what person he was referring to when he said, in a farewell address to DOJ, that some people "did pay a price" for their commitment to "getting it right and doing the right thing, whatever the price." "I had in mind one particular senior staff of mine who's been in the hospital room with me and had been blocked from promotion, I believed, as a result of this particular matter," Comey said, under questioning from Sen. Russell Feingold, the Wisconsin Democrat. "It's Mr. Philbin." Less than a year after the hospital visit — in early 2005, as Levin was getting shown the door … Paul Clement was nominated solicitor general and sought to make Philbin his principal deputy. The two had gone to Harvard Law School together, clerked for conservative icon Judge Laurence Silberman and gone on to clerk at the Supreme Court, Clement for Justice Antonin Scalia and Philbin for Justice Clarence Thomas. But David Addington, Vice President Cheney's top legal adviser, furiously objected to the promotion, sources said. Gonzales refused to go against the White House, sources said, and Philbin was denied the post. The job ultimately went to Gregory Garre, a lawyer in private practice who had clerked for the late Chief Justice William Rehnquist. Philbin, like Levin, is now in private practice in Washington. | Mid | [
0.54739336492891,
28.875,
23.875
]
|
<div class="popups"> <div class="modal hide b-folder-clear-content g-ui-user-select-none" data-bind="modal: modalVisibility"> <div> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-bind="command: cancelCommand">×</button> <h3> <span class="i18n" data-i18n="POPUPS_CLEAR_FOLDER/TITLE_CLEAR_FOLDER" data-bind="visible: !clearingProcess()"></span> <span class="i18n" data-i18n="POPUPS_CLEAR_FOLDER/TITLE_CLEARING_PROCESS" data-bind="visible: clearingProcess"></span> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div> <i class="icon-warning" style="color:red" /> <strong> <span class="i18n" data-i18n="[html]POPUPS_CLEAR_FOLDER/DANGER_DESC_WARNING"></span> </strong> <br /> <br /> <span data-bind="html: dangerDescHtml"></span> <br /> <span class="i18n" data-i18n="[html]POPUPS_CLEAR_FOLDER/DANGER_DESC_HTML_2"></span> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <a class="btn btn-danger buttonClear" data-bind="command: clearCommand"> <i class="icon-fire" data-bind="css: {'icon-fire': !clearingProcess(), 'icon-spinner animated white': clearingProcess()}" ></i> <span class="i18n" data-i18n="POPUPS_CLEAR_FOLDER/BUTTON_CLEAR"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> | Low | [
0.49148936170212704,
28.875,
29.875
]
|
Mariamne (daughter of Herod Agrippa) Mariamne (born 34 or 35) was a daughter of King Herod Agrippa I. She was betrothed by her father to Julius Archelaus, son of Chelcias (maybe Hilkiya in Hebrew who was a friend and an officer at the court), but this marriage had not yet been enacted upon her father's death. Her brother Agrippa II enacted the marriage once he had been made tetrarch in around 49/50. From this marriage was derived a daughter, whose name was Berenice. Around 65 she left her husband and married Demetrius of Alexandria who was its Alabarch and had a son from him named Agrippinus. References Category:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire Category:30s births Category:Herodian dynasty Category:Year of death unknown Category:Date of death unknown | Mid | [
0.646198830409356,
27.625,
15.125
]
|
In recent years, in an outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus installed at a building, a commercial facility, or other similar structure, heat exchangers are disposed at the back side and the right and left sides of the outdoor unit. A fan is installed at an upper portion of the outdoor unit. A negative pressure is produced in the outdoor unit by driving the fan, so that the ambient air around the outdoor unit is sucked into the outdoor unit, and heat is exchanged between the air and refrigerant in the heat exchangers. Each heat exchanger is configured such that heat-transfer pipes penetrate fins in a direction perpendicular to the fins. Each heat-transfer pipe is, for example, a circular pipe, and the fins reject heat transmitted from the circular pipe by the refrigerant moving in the circular pipe. Here, each heat-transfer pipe is described as a circular pipe, but may be, for example, a flattened pipe having a flattened shape. In the related art, an outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus having a structure in which, in the case where a plurality of heat exchangers are provided, the number of rows of heat-transfer pipes of the heat exchangers is increased by stacking the heat exchangers in the height direction, has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Literature 1). In the plurality of heat exchangers stacked in the height direction, a sheet metal for preventing the heat exchanger at the upper side from falling downward is disposed at an upper portion of the heat exchanger at the lower side. The heat exchanger at the lower side supports and fixes the heat exchanger at the upper side using the sheet metal. In the heat exchangers disclosed in Patent Literature 1, a bottom plate for supporting a lower end portion of the heat exchanger provided at the lower side is disposed. However, dew condensation water (drain water) generated from the heat exchangers remains on the bottom plate, and thus the fins and the heat-transfer pipes of the heat exchangers may be frozen or corroded by the dew condensation water. Consequently, an outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus has been proposed in which a plurality of drain water outlets are provided in a bottom plate of the outdoor unit, dew condensation water generated at a heat exchanger is drained through the drain water outlets to prevent freezing and corrosion of fins and heat-transfer pipes of the heat exchanger (see, for example, Patent Literature 2). In an existing outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus, a slope is provided to a bottom plate of the outdoor unit, and a drain water outlet is provided at the downstream side of the slope so that dew condensation water remaining on the bottom plate is drained through the drain water outlet by using the slope. For example, an outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus has also been proposed in which a plurality of louver-like cut-and-raised parts are provided on a bottom plate of the outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus at a position at which a heat exchanger is placed so that the strength of the bottom plate is enhanced while the efficiency of draining dew condensation water generated at the heat exchanger is improved (see, for example, Patent Literature 3). Furthermore, an outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus has been proposed in which heat pipes are disposed at the lowermost stage of a heat exchanger provided in the outdoor unit for an air-conditioning apparatus so that dew condensation water generated at the heat exchanger is heated to avoid freezing of the dew condensation water (see, for example, Patent Literature 4). | Mid | [
0.592592592592592,
32,
22
]
|
Grand jury chair is a felon; 800 indictments now in question Indictments from nearly 900 cases in the Nashville area are under review after officials discovered a man who served as grand jury chair in 2011 is a convicted felon. Eugene Grayer was appointed to lead the grand jury, even though the Davidson County district attorney’s office had been notified of Grayer’s conviction, the Tennessean reports. Grayer’s conviction for theft in 1977 should have made him ineligible for jury duty. But, the Tennessean notes, he was never subjected to a background check. During his service, the grand jury reviewed 900 indictments. Of those, 800 were resolved mainly via guilty pleas and another 90 are pending. “However this turns out, this is a bad situation,” District Attorney General Victor S. “Torry” Johnson said during a press conference. ABC News also has the story. An appeals court is set to decide whether any of the 800 cases, which are also being reviewed by the DA’s office, will need to be retried. News reports indicate that the couple dozen cases that went to trial are the most likely to face retrial. Grayer’s felony status reportedly came to light after he applied for a handgun permit in 2010 and a background check revealed the conviction. The district attorney’s office was notified of the conviction then, but didn’t make the connection to the grand jury appointment until a clerk handling handgun permit denials alerted the DA’s office, the Tennessean reports. | Low | [
0.5335892514395391,
34.75,
30.375
]
|
Q: Is it safe to allow domain.com/username? Are there any security risks if we create pathauto roule so that the user account pages are at domain.com/username A: On a site that is not using a mechanism like the one implemented from the Two-factor Authentication (TFA) module, letting visitors know usernames of existing accounts is giving out half of the credentials. It doesn't mean it is easier to log in on somebody else's account, though. Somebody who got my password for a site could probably try to use the same password for another site's account where I am using the same username. If I were using the same credentials for more sites, that could work, but somebody could argue it is my fault for using the same credentials on different sites. On my experience on Drupal.org, the bigger issue was not the username being publicly available, but third-party software used on the server, which caused unauthorized access to account information to emails, usernames, and hashed passwords. That said, Drupal 8 core code is being changed to use the output of User::getDisplayName() every time links to user accounts are given in a page. User::getAccountName() should be used when displaying the name to administrator users, the user who owns the account, or for the username in the login context. Using domain.com/username for the user account pages is going on the opposite direction. I would rather use the output of User::getDisplayName() to build the path alias of user accounts pages. As you are asking for a Pathauto pattern, this would mean using the [user:display-name] token when creating the pattern on admin/config/search/path/patterns. Instead of domain.com/username, I would rather use domain.com/users/username or domain.com/u/username to avoid conflict with existing routes, or other path aliases. To make an example of what could happen, I created a test site on simplytest.me where the user #1 is set with admin as username. I installed the Pathauto module and its dependencies, and I created a pattern for user entities using [user:display-name]. The result is that the URL for the user #1 became (after I bulk-updated the path aliases) https://dqth.ply.st/admin-0. (See the -0 part added not to create conflicts between the registered route and the path alias). This is happens when the route is already defined when the path alias is created. I cannot predict what would happen when a module using a route with a path that already exists as path alias is installed. Also, if you look at the code of User::getDisplayName(), you will notice that by default it returns the username (the output of User::getAccountName()). It will return something different only if there is a module that implements hook_user_format_name_alter() and that module does alter the value of the $name parameter it gets. $name = $this ->getAccountName() ?: \Drupal::config('user.settings') ->get('anonymous'); \Drupal::moduleHandler() ->alter('user_format_name', $name, $this); return $name; This means that you need to use the [user:display-name] token in the Pathauto pattern, but also install a module that implements hook_user_format_name_alter(). For example, you could use the Real Name module which adds a Real name field to user entities, containing the value Drupal 8 will use as display name. You can also implement a custom module for that. | Mid | [
0.5703703703703701,
28.875,
21.75
]
|
Future Linux Game Evaluation -- 2000 Not Available at a Store Near You September 2, 2000 By Paul Ferris Well, it's that time of year again! Game manufacturers have showered me with a ton of new Linux games for evaluation. These babies are hot, just out of alpha test, and soon to be ready for the shelf. I spent several days evaluating some of the best ones, and I think you'll find the results surprising. Even so, I'm surprised at the lack of originality that a lot of these products exhibit. You'd think that there would be some creativity in the gaming scene or at least a new plot every now and then. Read on, and you'll see what I mean. Wagon-Wheel EggStorm II Description: Robot War Game The time-frame is the future, where high tech robots rule the land. You are part of the Grede-eye, a band of cyber-robot troopers that rule the high tech landscape, decimating any rival life-forms that dare cross into your turf. Outfitted with what seems like an enormous war-chest of ammo, an array of weapons that would make a Quake player envious, and hoards of minions, you must protect the turf of your overload and chief supplier of energy, the My-Crow-Softies. The enemy, a nebulous band of rouge system crackers and mutant children who can't spell, is constantly assailing your ground with puny looking little robots. The objective is to win (of course) the landscape by firing your weapons at the little critters (literally, millions of them) while watching your supply of energy and protecting the enormous My-Crow-Soft fortress. Evaluation: .5 on a scale of 5 The printed material that comes with this game is top-notch. The CD cover is done in a brilliant, professional-looking glossy. The manual is a work of art, with screenshots and game-play descriptions everywhere you look. Yet somehow, the game doesn't live up to the quality that the packing material conveys. The play of this game is poor and yet so familiar as to be almost boring. The robots in the game are clunky, and unable to respond correctly to most simple situations they face. No matter how hard you try, the little critters always seem to come out ahead of things. I was quite dismayed at the amount of energy expenditure needed to defend the turf you're supposed to protect. The turf boundaries themselves were hard to determine. The amount of ground is huge, and everywhere you look, the enemy seemed to be eating away at it. Fortunately, I always seemed to have an unlimited supply of ammo, but near the end of the game, I always ran out of energy. Oddly enough, the weapons didn't seem that effective against even the smallest of the enemy robots. No matter how much effort I put forth, I couldn't keep from losing the entire field, and I played the simulation many times. It was amazing. The hard part always comes near the end of the game, as the enemy robots amass into huge, cyborg-transformer like creatures that dwarf any robot in your control. To make matters even more embarrassing, these babies don't fire a single shot, they just seem to run like a steam roller into whatever territory you're trying to defend, taking it for good. While this part is not all that boring, it is a bit depressing. I kept wishing I could be on the other side of the equation, as it was clearly a losing battle no matter how I sliced it. I can't recommend this game at all, as the poor game-play and no-win situation make for a pathetic gaming experience. Even still, I'll bet that with all the glossy promotion going on for the product, this will be a popular seller this season. However, I'd also be willing to bet that next year after the word gets out as to how bad this game is, it'll be sitting on the discount racks like old copies of Windows 3.1. Whack-A-Muth Description: Arcade Game Simulator The game play is simple. You have a virtual wooden mallet, and on the screen there are about a half-dozen holes. You hit the start button, and mindless corporate executives pop out of the openings. Before they can begin babbling, you swing your virtual mallet (controlled by your mouse) and smack the executives on the head. Smitten, they drop back into the holes, to emerge later at a random time. Evaluation: 4 on a scale of 5 This game is an oldie, but a goodie. I remember playing a similar game a lot in an arcade in my youth, and the virtual recreation of this game was very good. There's something satisfying about popping these critters on the head, and watching them retreat back into their hiding places. My only worry here is that some executive-rights-activists will sometime protest or ban the sale of this game, as it seems to promote cruelty to dumb animals. Quick-Hack Arena Description: Shoot-em-up This is a special multiplayer version of Quick-Hack, a game I evaluated last year at this time. In this version, the levels are more diverse, and the weapons are improved quite a bit from the single-player game. Evaluation: 5 on a scale of 5 It seems like the more people that can get involved in a game of Quick-Hack, the better. The fun part about this game is that you don't have to play, you can just set up a drone and watch as huge numbers of players get involved and decimate the competition. In Quick-Hack III, you have just a few weapons, beginning with an GCC pistol, progressing through the I386 rotary cannon, and finally the LNX9000 -- which was the ultimate weapon for that game. With Quick-Hack III Arena, the ultimate weapon has been upgraded to the LNX9002.4 -- and it's improved vastly, capable of decimating the enemy in the most disadvantaged situations imaginable. A couple of shots with this baby and the entire level is cleared of rival troops. This is the only downside of game-play, as the enemies are so under-powered to win in these situations, it's just not a challenge anymore. But other than that, the satisfying layer of dead bodies on the ground and the fast game-play in a network situation makes this one of the best products I've ever evaluated. I'd have to strongly recommend it to anybody who's bored with things like the Wagon-Wheel EggStorm game above. BattleScar MelGateca Description: Starcraft Simulator Set in the same world as a familiar old TV series, you're the destitute leader of a pack of old-world rebels without a home. Your fleet of ships is quickly running low on supplies, and you've got to find more territory soon or the natives will get restless and begin to defect, further weakening the fleet. To make matters worse, a recent battle threatens to break the fleet into two parts. Your mission is to move the BattleScar MelGateca into new territories, while preserving the unity of the fleet and fending off the vast numbers of enemies you encounter during game-play. Evaluation: 1 on a scale of 5 This game was fraught with emotional twists. The enemies in the game seem to be all around. As play progresses, you get more and more evidence that the MelGateca deserves the constant attacks its receiving. You see, in order to build the fleet, it turns out that in the past you took resources that other civilizations needed to simply survive. Because of this and other past karma, when the enemy attacks the exchanges are fearsome and emotionally heated. I found the action to be predictable, but the video sequences, although somewhat repetitious, to be very entertaining indeed. At one point in the game, you're captured by your arch-rival foe, Dr. DeBoise. You learn a lot more about your sordid past as a leader, as over the space of a four day interrogation, many secrets are revealed. Although you get most of your information from the questioning by the evil Dr. DeBoise, the extra information helps explain a lot of the problems you're facing as a leader. Although game-play is very snappy, in a similar vein to Waggon-Wheel EggStorm it's depressing. The fleet is battle-torn and the weapons become more and more useless against your foes as time progresses. It's as if all the innovation you need to create new weapons is gone (although you spend a lot of time in the game bragging about past innovations, it turns out that prior weapons were stolen or copied from enemy design). Further complications of game play turn out to be the result of warmed-over technology from the early 1980's. It seems that there're no new 3d effects in this game, and much of the game is based upon clunky code that was a bad idea, even back then. The only new item was the addition of the video sequences, which do little to enhance the overall gaming experience. I cannot recommend this game, as the plot-line is extremely stupid, and the technology second-rate. Sim Son 2000 Description: Simulation Game Your objective in this game is to simulate a modern open source and technology-focused corporation--a company that goes by the name of Son MonoTone Systems. You have many tools at your disposal, and you begin by making hardware and software. All the typical facets of corporate operation are simulated, including number of employees, hardware manufacturing output and also things like PR Spin, and market share. Evaluation: 2 on a scale of 5 I had a lot of fun with this simulation at first, as I could make hardware and software adhere for the most part to open standards and protocols. Then, every time, without exception, just as I had built what seemed like a really good company, the game-play would become frustrating. You see, as play progresses, the stakes get higher and the market begins to expect you to play by the changing rules of the day. No matter how hard I tried, for example, I could not pick "Release software under GPL"--it would be grayed out for some stupid reason. The company would come up with some cool new technology, but insist on really lame licensing that would cause the market not to trust it for their long-term business. Rival companies (with weird names like Eye Beam Manufacturing and Hughlit Packers) seemed to be all over the new market place changes and yet the only thing I could get released under the GPL was an office suite--and that after many rounds of attempting to select the right licensing scheme. Despite complex array of alternate licensing choices, the end result is infuriating. To top it all off, your CEO often makes embarrassing statements in public and you almost get the feeling that the company you're trying to control doesn't even grok the new marketplace. It almost seems like someone outside of your control in the company is wishing for ancient times to return, where monolithic software and hardware overlords ruled the net-scape, er landscape. Unfortunately for this type of wishful thinking, the simulation time period is set solidly in the present, where that type of business interaction from a technology company simply isn't tolerated. I can't recommend this game, as newer simulations at least let you make the right decisions to keep your company afloat in changing times. Well, there you have it. It's unfortunate that there are no new ground-breaking game paradigms to choose from. Even this column is a rework of an old one, as past readers can plainly see at this point. The problem is that internet.com has put a mandate out that I'm not to be innovative in my new columns, or Kevin Reichard will come by with a broad axe and cut me in half. Despite the obvious weight-loss advantages this would bring, I want to avoid that situation at all costs. Hey, wait -- there's an innovative new game plot right there! Quick, somebody get me the phone number for Loki! Most Popular LinuxPlanet Stories Advertiser Disclosure: Some of the products that appear on this site are from companies from which QuinStreet receives compensation. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site including, for example, the order in which they appear. QuinStreet does not include all companies or all types of products available in the marketplace. | Low | [
0.45569620253164506,
22.5,
26.875
]
|
{ "authors": [ { "github_username": "wneumann", "exercism_username": "wneumann" } ], "forked_from": ["csharp/enums"] } | Low | [
0.523041474654377,
28.375,
25.875
]
|
CJD: update for dental staff. It is almost a decade since the recognition of the emergence of a new infectious disease termed variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) caused by prions (PrPTSE), abnormal variants of a normal human cell surface protein (PrP). This disease has a number of similarities to other forms of CJD--lethal disorders characterized by a prolonged incubation period, and progressive mental deterioration. In relation to oral tissues, PrPTSE have been found in neural, gingival, pulpal, lingual, lymphoreticular and salivary gland tissue in animal models. In both sporadic and variant CJD, PrPTSE is detectable in the trigeminal ganglion and, in vCJD, in lymphoreticular tissues, but infectivity has not been tested in other human oral tissues. PrPTSE is much more resistant to the common methods of inactivation than conventional pathogens, and it adheres avidly to steel whilst retaining its infectivity. Particular attention must be paid to cleaning and sterilizing re-usable dental instruments. Single-use devices, such as endodontic files and matrix bands, must never be re-used. Advice on the reprocessing of dental instruments used on known CJD patients must be obtained from local infection control teams. Research into effective methods of prion inactivation appears promising, although further work on the applicability to general dental practice is required. | High | [
0.657754010695187,
30.75,
16
]
|
Knowledgeable counsel for employees and employers Unless you have a written employment agreement that provides for a severance upon your termination, you have no specific right to a severance payment. Nevertheless, there may be certain facts and possible violations of laws that could provide you with enough leverage to negotiate for a severance if none was offered, or to obtain a better severance than what is being offered. You may also be facing a hostile work environment, making it difficult for you to continue working but you cannot afford to resign without receiving a severance payment. Goldman & Ehrlich understands the balance of power between company and the executive and employee in termination agreements. For more than 25 years we have negotiated severance agreements for our clients. We know how to arrive at mutually beneficial settlements that protect our client’s interests. Contact Goldman & Ehrlich today to get started on your case. Employee services: consult an attorney before signing a release When presented with a severance and release agreement, it is important that you consult with Goldman & Ehrlich before signing such an agreement. Once you sign a release, you lose all leverage in negotiating. Our Chicago employment attorneys will make sure you understand what you are signing, make revisions that protect your rights, and can help you negotiate a severance package that does justice to your effort and contribution to the company and provides adequate compensation for any legal claims you are waiving by signing the agreement. Fair terms that reflect your commitment and safeguard your career Our Chicago employment lawyers work with you to review your tenure with your employer to find where you have leverage to improve your bargaining position. We go all the way back to your offer letter, examine your performance reviews, and catalogue any verbal or written communications that may have altered the terms of your employment to get a complete picture of your contribution to your company. We interview you thoroughly to discover where the company may have violated any of your state or federal protections, for instance, antidiscrimination or WARN Act violations. We do everything possible to secure the benefits due to you, such as paid vacation days, stock options and bonuses. Finally, we do what is necessary to protect your career. We renegotiate non-compete covenants to free your services and even advocate for specific language characterizing your termination and to be used in employment references. Protecting the employer’s interests For employers, our employment attorneys in Chicago work to negotiate fair severance and release agreements that protect company interests and can advise you when severance should be considered. Goldman & Ehrlich has the experience to balance equities properly with severance packages. Contact our skilled employment lawyers in Chicago If you have questions regarding a severance package owed to you or one you must negotiate on behalf of your company for a departing employee, Goldman & Ehrlich can help. Call us at 312.332.6733 today or contact our Chicago office online. Practice Areas Goldman & Ehrlich is located in Chicago, IL and serves clients in and around Chicago, Cook County, Lake County, DuPage County, Will County, Kane County, and McHenry County. Attorney Advertising. This website is designed for general information only. The information presented at this site should not be construed to be formal legal advice nor the formation of a lawyer/client relationship. [ Site Map ] | High | [
0.7058823529411761,
31.5,
13.125
]
|
Kim's era included some of the country's toughest periods, including a famine in the 1990s that killed hundreds of thousands of people and protracted tensions over the nation's drive to build nuclear weapons. Despite a decade of warming ties with South Korea during his rule, relations with Seoul are now at their lowest point in years and the peninsula remains in a technical state of war. | Low | [
0.48571428571428504,
29.75,
31.5
]
|
11th National People's Congress The 11th National People's Congress () met for a 5-year term, from 2008 to 2013. It held five annual two week plenary sessions during this period. It succeeded the 10th National People's Congress. There were 2,987 deputies elected to the 11th Congress in 2008, with 2972 in office at the end of the term (2012). The 1st session The first session of the 11th Congress sat from March 5 to March 18, 2008. It re-elected Hu Jintao as President and Wen Jiabao as Premier. Xi Jinping was elected Vice-President. The State Council, China's cabinet, went through major restructuring. The 2nd session The second session of the 11th Congress sat from March 5 to March 13, 2009. This congress tackled issues such as the worsening global financial crisis, attempted to introduce a new social welfare system, as well as checks and balances on public officials. The 3rd session The third session of the 11th Congress sat from March 5 to March 14, 2010. The 4th session The fourth session of the 11th Congress sat from March 5 to March 14, 2011. The 5th session The fifth and final session of the 11th Congress sat from March 5 to March 14, 2012. Election results All state leaders were elected from one name ballots. See also List of members of the 11th National People's Congress References External links Official website of the NPC Category:National People's Congresses | Mid | [
0.5800464037122971,
31.25,
22.625
]
|
Denise DuBarry Denise DuBarry Hay (March 6, 1956 – March 23, 2019) was an American actress, businesswoman, film producer, and philanthropist. She co-founded Thane International Inc., a direct response industry company along with her husband, Bill Hay, in 1990. She served as its Chief Creative Officer for 15 years, from 1990–2005. As an actress, she is best known for her role as nurse Lieutenant Samantha Green, on the television series Black Sheep Squadron, and as Johanna Franklin in the film Being There. She was a pioneer in the infomercial industry as co-producer with Deborah Chenoweth of Play the Piano Overnight in 1988, which won the Billboard Music Award for Best Music Instruction Video that year and then Play the Guitar Overnight which won the 1991 Billboard Music Award for Best Music Instruction. Early life DuBarry was born in Killeen, Texas, at Fort Hood Army Base, to Adrian Pierre DuBarry and his wife, Betty Louise (née King). Her parents moved back to Louisiana where they were from so that her father could finish his master's degree at LSU in Baton Rouge. The family later moved to Honduras, Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica, where DuBarry grew up from ages 2 to 10, and learned to speak fluent Spanish. The family moved throughout California, eventually settling in Granada Hills, California, where Denise attended middle school and high school. A child of divorce and the eldest of five children, at 14 she watched after her siblings while her mother worked. Yoga DuBarry practiced yoga starting in 1979. She founded and owned Malibu Yoga in 1986 which catered to a celebrity clientele. She gave the studio to a friend in 1990 when she relocated. She was a partner in Palm Desert, California's Bikram Yoga University Village Studio. Career 1974–1979 At age 18, she went to work for her father in his paper export business, DuBarry International, and took acting lessons at night with Milton Katselas and Charles E. Conrad. She was married briefly to her first husband, Connolly Kamornick Oyler, from late 1975 to 1976, when she started landing commercials for Michelob Beer, Chevrolet Camaro and worked as an extra in the kid's shows, Magic Mongo, Wonder Woman and she made an appearance on The Gong Show as beauty contestant, "Ms. Hold the Mayo". She competed in several real beauty contests including Ms. Malibu where she won "Most Photogenic". She was hired to co-star in a CBS Movie of the Week, Deadman's Curve. She landed a regular role in the second season of the NBC World War II television series, Black Sheep Squadron, and had bit-parts in popular television shows, including Charlie's Angels. Trapper John, M.D. and Match Game '78. Director Hal Ashby cast her in a featured role in the 1979 film Being There. 1980–1989 Having previously acted together in the 1980 television movie Top of the Hill, DuBarry and husband Gary Lockwood formed a production company, Xebec Productions, in 1982, and she began writing and fundraising for film development and production, while she continued to act. In 1985, she appeared in the cult film Monster in the Closet. 1990–2005 She met her future third husband Bill Hay through mutual friend Dick Robertson, then president of Warner Bros. Television Distribution. The couple formed and produced and distributed, Beat the Recession and a slew of other infomercials. 2005–2019 In 2005, DuBarry Hay founded Kaswit, Inc., a direct response marketing company. Two of Kaswit's top direct response projects are the infomercials: "Pilates Power Gym", and "Secrets to Training the Perfect Dog" with Don Sullivan, "The DogFather". Through her production company, Blue Moxie Entertainment (founded 2006), she produced a feature film, Shoot the Hero, first shown at the 2010 Palm Springs International Film Festival. Filmography Death DuBarry died at UCLA Medical Center on March 23, 2019, seventeen days after her 63rd birthday. Her second husband, Bill Hay, confirmed that DuBarry Hay died after contracting a rare fungal illness, Candida auris. DuBarry was survived by her husband and her four children, actress Samantha Lockwood (from her first marriage, to Gary Lockwood), Adam Hay, Kyle Hay and Whitney Hay, as well as her parents, Pete DuBarry and Betty DuBarry Stein. References External links Category:1956 births Category:2019 deaths Category:People from Killeen, Texas Category:20th-century American actresses Category:American film actresses Category:American television actresses Category:American women in business Category:Film producers from California Category:Actresses from Palm Springs, California Category:Actresses from Texas Category:People from Granada Hills, Los Angeles Category:American women film producers | Mid | [
0.5714285714285711,
37,
27.75
]
|
Connecticut lawmakers face midnight adjournment HARTFORD, Conn. (AP) — Time is running out for Connecticut legislators to finish their work. This year’s regular legislative session is scheduled to end at midnight on Wednesday. Lawmakers are expected to work through much of the day and night, voting on bills. While numerous bills still need approval from one chamber or another, many major pieces of legislation from this year’s session have already been approved. The list includes a revised $19 billion state budget for the fiscal year beginning July 1 and a $953 million bonding package. Lawmakers also voted earlier in the session to increase the state’s minimum wage to $10.10 an hour by 2017. Additionally, they’ve already approved a bill that attempts to address complaints about the state’s family court system from parents involved in contentious child custody cases. Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | Mid | [
0.579055441478439,
35.25,
25.625
]
|
package="LuaProfiler" version="2.0.2-1" source = { url = "http://luaprofiler.luaforge.net/luaprofiler-2.0.2.tar.gz", } description = { summary = "Profiling for Lua scripts", detailed = [[ LuaProfiler is a time profiler designed to help finding bottlenecks on your Lua program. If you use LuaProfiler into your program, it will generate a log of all your function calls and their respective running times. You can use this log to generate a summary of the functions your program uses, along with how long it stayed in each of them, or you can import the log into a spreadsheet for further analysis. ]], homepage = "http://www.keplerproject.org/luaprofiler/", license = "MIT/X11" } dependencies = { "lua >= 5.1" } build = { type = "module", modules = { profiler = { sources = { "src/clocks.c", "src/core_profiler.c", "src/function_meter.c", "src/stack.c", "src/lua50_profiler.c" } } } } | High | [
0.676543209876543,
34.25,
16.375
]
|
--- abstract: 'In this paper we explain when it is possible to construct fibrewise localizations in model categories. For pointed spaces, the general idea is to decompose the total space of a fibration as a diagram over the category of simplices of the base and replace it by the localized diagram. This of course is not possible in an arbitrary category. We have thus to adapt another construction which heavily depends on Mather’s cube theorem. Working with model categories in which the cube theorem holds, we characterize completely those who admit a fibrewise nullification.' author: - '[David Chataur and Jérôme Scherer]{} [^1]' bibliography: - 'bibho.bib' title: Fibrewise nullification and the cube theorem --- Introduction {#introduction .unnumbered} ============ Mather’s cube theorem states that the top face of a cube of spaces whose bottom face is a homotopy push-out and all vertical faces are homotopy pull-backs is again a homotopy push-out ([@MR53:6510 Theorem 25]). This theorem is one of the very few occurences of a situation where homotopy limits and colimits commute. It is actually related to a theorem of Puppe about commuting fibers and push-outs ([@MR51:1808]), and also to Quillen’s Theorem B in [@MR49:2895]. Doeraene’s work on $J$-categories has incorporated the cube theorem as an axiom in pointed model categories and allowed him to study the L.S.-category in an abstract setting ([@MR94b:55017]). Roughly speaking a $J$-category is a model category in which the cube theorem holds. Such a model category is very suitable for studying the relationship between a localization functor (constructed by means of certain homotopy colimits) and fibrations. Recall that a localization functor in a model category ${{\mathcal M}}$ is any coaugmented idempotent functor $L: {{\mathcal M}}\rightarrow {{\mathcal M}}$. The coaugmentation is a natural transformation $\eta: Id \rightarrow L$. We will only deal with nullification functors $P_A$. In this context the image of $P_A$ is characterized by the property that $map(A, P_A X) \simeq *$. We are looking for an existence theorem of fibrewise nullification, i.e. a construction which associates to any fibration $F \rightarrow E \rightarrow B$ another fibration together with a natural transformation $$\xymatrix{ F \rto\dto^{\eta} & E \rto\dto & B \dto\\ P_A F \rto & \bar E \rto & B }$$ where $E \rightarrow \bar E$ is a $P_A$-equivalence. This is achieved by imposing the join axiom for the object $A$: We require the join $X*A$ to be killed by $P_A$, i.e. $P_A (X*A) \simeq *$, for any object $X$. For pointed spaces, the most elegant construction of fibrewise localization is due to E. Dror Farjoun (in [@dror:book Theorem F.3]). His idea is to decompose the total space of a fibration as a diagram over the category of simplices of the base and replace it by the corresponding localized diagram. In certain particular settings, some authors used other constructions (P. May [@MR81f:55005], W. Dwyer, H. Miller, and J. Neisendorfer in [@MR90i:55034] for completions, C. Casacuberta and A. Descheemaker in [@CD] in the category of groups), but none of these can be adapted in model categories. We prove the following: [**Theorem \[fibrewise\]**]{} [*Let ${{\mathcal M}}$ be a model category which is pointed, left proper, cellular and in which the cube and the join axiom hold. Then the nullification functor $P_A$ admits a fibrewise version.*]{} This condition is actually necessary and we characterize completely the model categories for which fibrewise nullifications exist. This is closely related to the property of preserving products: A nullification functor $P_A$ preserves (finite) products if $P_A(X \times Y) \simeq P_A X \times P_A Y$. [**Theorem \[charac\]**]{} *Let ${{\mathcal M}}$ be a model category which is pointed, left proper, cellular and in which the cube axiom holds. Then the following conditions are equivalent:* - The nullification functor $P_A$ admits a fibrewise version. - The nullification functor $P_A$ preserves finite products. - The canonical projection $X \times A \rightarrow X$ is a $P_A$-equivalence for any $X \in {{\mathcal M}}$. - The join axiom for $A$ is satisfied. We show in the last part of the paper that the category of algebras over an admissible operad satisfies the cube axiom. Therefore the plus-construction developed in [@CRS] has a fibrewise analogue. Let us only say that the plus-construction performed on a ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra $B$ kills the maximal ${{\mathcal O}}$-perfect ideal in $\pi_0 B$ and preserves Quillen homology. As a direct consequence we get the following result which is classical for spaces. [**Theorem \[acyclic\]**]{} [*Let ${{\mathcal O}}-alg$ be the category of algebras over an admissible operad ${{\mathcal O}}$. For any ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra $B$, denote by $B \rightarrow B^+$ the plus construction. The homotopy fiber $AB = Fib(B \rightarrow B^+)$ is then acyclic with respect to Quillen homology.*]{} [**Acknowledgements**]{}. We would like to thank Gustavo Granja and Sophie Reinberg for helpful comments. The cube axiom ============== We work in a model category ${{\mathcal M}}$ which is [*pointed*]{}, i.e. the terminal object coincides with the initial one and is denoted by $*$. In such a category the homotopy fiber $Fib(p)$ of a map $p:E \rightarrow B$ is defined as the homotopy pull-back of the diagram $* \rightarrow B \leftarrow E$. We also assume the category is [*left proper*]{}, meaning that the push-out of a weak equivalence along a cofibration is again a weak equivalence. Finally we require ${{\mathcal M}}$ to be [*cellular*]{} as defined in [@hirschhorn:unpub Definition 14.1.1]. Basically the small object argument applies in a cellular model category, as one has $I$-cells which replace the usual spheres. There exists a cardinal $\kappa$ such that any morphism from an $I$-cell to a telescope of length $\lambda \geq \kappa$ factorizes through an object of this telescope. Moreover every object has a cofibrant replacement by an $I$-cell complex by [@hirschhorn:unpub Theorem 13.3.7]. Localization functors exist in this setting, see [@hirschhorn:unpub Theorem 4.1.1], but in general we do not know if it is possible to localize fibrewise in any (pointed, left proper, cellular) model category. We will thus work in model categories satisfying an extra-condition. \[cube\] [A model category ${{\mathcal M}}$ satisfies the [*cube axiom*]{} if for every commutative cubical diagram in ${{\mathcal M}}$ in which the bottom face is a homotopy push-out square and all vertical faces are homotopy pull-back squares, then the top face is a homotopy push-out square as well.]{} M. Mather proved the cube Theorem for spaces in [@MR53:6510 Theorem 25] and J.-P. Doeraene introduced it as an axiom for model categories. His paper [@MR94b:55017] contains a very useful appendix with several examples of model categories satisfying this rather strong axiom. \[stablecube\] [Any stable model category satisfies the cube axiom. Indeed homotopy push-outs coincide with homotopy pull-backs, so that this axiom is a tautology. On the other hand the category of groups does not satisfy the cube axiom. Let us give an easy counter-example by considering the push-out of $({{\mathbb Z}}\leftarrow * \rightarrow {{\mathbb Z}})$, which is a free group on two generators $a$ and $b$. The pull-back along the inclusion ${{\mathbb Z}}<ab> {\hookrightarrow}{{\mathbb Z}}<a>* {{\mathbb Z}}<b>$ is obviously not a push-out diagram. However fibrewise localizations exist in the category of groups as shown by the recent work of Casacuberta and Descheemaker [@CD].]{} The following proposition claims that under very special circumstances the push-out of the fibers coincides with the fiber of the push-outs. In the category of spaces this is originally due to V. Puppe, see [@MR51:1808]. The close link between the cube Theorem and Puppe’s theorem was already well-known to M. Mather and M. Walker, as can be seen in [@MR82a:55008]. \[Puppe\] Let ${{\mathcal M}}$ be a pointed model category in which the cube axiom holds. Consider natural transformations between push-out diagrams: $$\xymatrix{ F\dto_{j}\ar @{}[r]|(0.46)= & *{hocolim\hspace{2mm}\big(\hspace{-20pt}} & F_{1}\dto_{j_{1}} &F_{0}\lto\rto\dto_{j_{0}} & F_{2}\dto^{j_{2}} & *{\hspace{-20pt}\big)}\\ E\dto_{p}\ar @{}[r]|(0.46)= & *{hocolim\hspace{2mm}\big(\hspace{-20pt}} & E_{1}\dto_{p_{1}} &E_{0}\lto\rto\dto_{p_{0}} & E_{2}\dto^{p_{2}} & *{\hspace{-20pt}\big)}\\ B \ar @{}[r]|(0.46)=& *{hocolim\hspace{2mm}\big(\hspace{-20pt}} & B & B \ar @{=}[l] \ar @{=}[r] & B & *{\hspace{-20pt}\big)} }$$ Assume that $F_i = Fib(p_i)$ for any $0 \leq i \leq 2$. Then $F = Fib(p)$. Denote by $k: G \rightarrow E$ the homotopy fiber of $p$. We show that $G$ and $F$ are weakly equivalent. Let us construct a cube by pulling-back $E_i \rightarrow E$ along $k$. The bottom face consists thus in the middle row of the above diagram and the top face consists in the homotopy pull-backs of $E_i \rightarrow E \leftarrow G$, which are the same as the homotopy pull-backs of $E_i \rightarrow B \leftarrow *$, i.e. $F_i$. The cube axiom now states that the top face is a homotopy push-out and we are done. This result will be the main tool in constructing fiberwise localization in ${{\mathcal M}}$. In his paper [@MR94b:55017] on L.S.-category, J.-P. Doeraene used the cube axiom in a very similar fashion to study fiberwise joins. Indeed Ganea’s characterization of the L.S.-category uses iterated fibers of push-outs over a fixed base space. The same ideas have also been used in [@MR96i:55030]. \[product\] Let ${{\mathcal M}}$ be a model category in which the cube axiom holds. Let $D$ be the homotopy push-out in ${{\mathcal M}}$ of the diagram $A \leftarrow B \rightarrow C$. Then, for any object $X \in {{\mathcal M}}$, $X \times D$ is the homotopy push-out of the diagram $X \times A \leftarrow X \times B \rightarrow X \times C$. It suffices to consider the cube obtained by pulling back the mentionned push-out square along the canonical projection $X \times D \rightarrow D$. The join ======== We check here that we can use all the classical facts about the join in any model category and introduce the join axiom. Most proofs here are not new, but probably folklore. Recall that the join $A*B$ of two objects $A, B \in {{\mathcal M}}$ is the homotopy push-out of $A \stackrel{p_1}{\longleftarrow} A \times B \stackrel{p_2}{\longrightarrow} B$. First notice that the induced maps $A {\rightarrow}A*B$ and $B {\rightarrow}A*B$ are trivial. Indeed the map $A {\rightarrow}A*B$ can be seen as the composite $A \stackrel{i_1}{\longrightarrow} A \times B \stackrel{p_1}{\longrightarrow} A {\rightarrow}A*B$ which by definition coincides with the obviously trivial map $A \stackrel{i_1}{\longrightarrow} A \times B \stackrel{p_2}{\longrightarrow} B {\rightarrow}A*B$. \[join\] For any objects $A, B \in {{\mathcal M}}$, we have $A*B \simeq \Sigma(A \wedge B)$. We use a “classical" Fubini argument (homotopy colimit commute with itself, cf. for example [@ChSc Theorem 24.9]). Let $P$ be the homotopy push-out of $A {\leftarrow}A \vee B {\rightarrow}A \times B$ and consider first the commutative diagram $$\xymatrix{ A & A \vee B \lto \rto & B\\ A \ar @{=}[u] \ar @{=}[d] & A \vee B \ar @{=}[u] \dto \rto \lto & A \times B \ar @{=}[d] \uto\\ A & A \times B \lto \ar @{=}[r] & A \times B }$$ Its homotopy colimit can be computed in two different ways. By taking first vertical homotopy push-outs and next the resulting horizontal homotopy push-out one gets $A*B$. By taking first horizontal homotopy push-outs one gets the homotopy cofiber of $P {\rightarrow}A$. Consider finally the commutative diagram $$\xymatrix{ \ast & \ast \ar @{=}[r] \ar @{=}[l] & \ast\\ A \uto \ar @{=}[d] & A \vee B \uto \dto \rto \lto & A \times B \ar @{=}[d] \uto\\ A & A \times B \lto \ar @{=}[r] & A \times B }$$ The same process as above shows that $Cof(P {\rightarrow}A)$ is homotopy equivalent to $\Sigma(A \wedge B)$. \[suspension\] For any objects $A, B \in {{\mathcal M}}$, we have $\Sigma A \wedge B \simeq \Sigma(A \wedge B)$. Apply again the Fubini commutation rule to the following diagram $$\xymatrix{ \ast & \ast \ar @{=}[r] \ar @{=}[l] & \ast\\ B \uto \ar @{=}[d] & A \vee B \uto \dto \rto \lto & B \ar @{=}[d] \uto\\ B & A \times B \lto \rto & B }$$ where one uses Lemma \[product\] to identify the push-out of the bottom line. For a fibration $F {\rightarrow}E {\mbox{$\to$\hspace{-0.35cm}$\to$}}B$, the [*holonomy action*]{} is the map $m: \Omega B \times F {\rightarrow}F$ induced on the pull-backs by the natural transformation from $\Omega B {\rightarrow}* {\leftarrow}F$ to $PB {\mbox{$\to$\hspace{-0.35cm}$\to$}}B {\leftarrow}E$. \[holonomy\] For any fibration $F {\rightarrow}E {\mbox{$\to$\hspace{-0.35cm}$\to$}}B$, the homotopy push-out of $\Omega B {\leftarrow}\Omega B \times F \stackrel{m}{\longrightarrow} F$ is weakly equivalent to $\Omega B * F$. Copy the proof above to compare this homotopy push-out to $\Sigma(\Omega B \wedge F)$. When working with a nullification functor $P_A$ for some object $A \in {{\mathcal M}}$, we say that $X$ is $A$-[*acyclic*]{} or [*killed*]{} by $A$ if $P_A X \simeq *$. By universality this is equivalent to $map(X, Z) \simeq *$ for any $A$-local object $Z$, or even better to the fact that any morphism $X {\rightarrow}Z$ to an $A$-local object is homotopically trivial. \[axiom\] [A cellular model category ${{\mathcal M}}$ satisfies the [*join axiom*]{} for the nullification functor $P_A$ if the join of $A$ with any $I$-cell is $A$-acyclic. ]{} \[stablejoin\] [Any stable model category satisfies trivially the join axiom, as push-outs coincide with pull-backs. In such a category the join is always trivial. The category of groups satisfies the join axiom for a similar reason (but we saw in Example \[stablecube\] that the cube axiom does not hold).]{} \[acyclicjoin\] Let ${{\mathcal M}}$ be a cellular model category in which the join axiom and the cube axiom hold. Then $\Sigma^i A * Z$ is $A$-acyclic for any $i \geq 0$ and any object $Z$. The join is a homotopy colimit and thus commutes with other homotopy colimits. Since any object in ${{\mathcal M}}$ has a cofibrant approximation which can be constructed as a telescope by attaching $I$-cells, the lemma will be proven if we show that $\Sigma^i A * Z$ is acyclic for any $I$-cell $Z$. By assumption we know that $A * Z$ is acyclic and we conclude by Lemma \[suspension\] since $\Sigma^i A * Z \simeq \Sigma^i(A*Z)$ is $P_A$-acyclic. \[restricted\] [Given a family $S$ of $I$-cells, we say ${{\mathcal M}}$ satisfies the [*restricted join axiom*]{} if the join of $A$ with any $I$-cell in $S$ is $A$-acyclic. One refines then the above proposition to cellular model categories in which the restricted join axiom holds. Here $\Sigma^i A * Z$ is $A$-acyclic for any $i \geq 0$ and any $S$-cellular object $Z$, i.e. any object weakly equivalent to one which can be built by attaching only $I$-cells in $S$. ]{} Fibrewise nullification ======================= Let $A$ be any object in ${{\mathcal M}}$. Recall that it is always possible to construct mapping spaces up to homotopy in ${{\mathcal M}}$ eventhough we do not assume ${{\mathcal M}}$ is a simplicial model category (see [@ChSc]). Thus we can define an object $Z \in {{\mathcal M}}$ to be $A$-local if there is a weak equivalences $map(A, Z) \simeq *$. A map $g: X \rightarrow Y$ is a $P_A$-equivalence if it induces a weak equivalences on mapping spaces $g^*: map(Y, Z) \rightarrow map(X, Z)$ for any $A$-local object $Z$. Hirschhorn shows that there exists a coaugmented functor $P_A: {{\mathcal M}}\rightarrow {{\mathcal M}}$ such that the coaugmentation $\eta: X \rightarrow P_A X$ is a $P_A$-equivalence to an $A$-local object. This functor is called nullification or periodization. The nullification $X {\rightarrow}P_A X$ can be constructed up to homotopy by imitating the topological construction 2.8 in [@bousfield:local]. One must iterate (possibly transfinitely, for a cardinal given by the smallness of any cofibrant object in ${{\mathcal M}}$, see [@hirschhorn:unpub Theorem 14.4.4]) the process of gluing $A$-cells, i.e. take the homotopy cofiber of a map $\Sigma^i A {\rightarrow}X$. We assume throughout this section that the model category ${{\mathcal M}}$ satisfies both the join axiom and the cube axiom. Let us explain now how to adapt the fibrewise construction [@dror:book F.7] in a model category. The following lemma is the step we will iterate on and on so as to construct the space $\bar E$ (in Theorem \[fibrewise\]). \[step\] Consider a commutative diagram $$\xymatrix{ F \dto_{j} \rmono^\eta & P_A F \rto\dto_{} & F_{1}\dto^{j_{2}}\\ E \depi_{p} \rmono & E'\rto^{\simeq}\dto_{p'} & E_{1} \depi^{p_{1}}\\ B \ar @{=}[r] & B \ar @{=}[r] & B }$$ where the left column is a fibration sequence, the upper left square is a homotopy push-out square, $p':E' {\rightarrow}B$ is the unique map extending $p$ such that the composite $P_A F {\rightarrow}E' {\rightarrow}B$ is trivial, $p_1$ is a fibration, and $F_1$ is the homotopy fiber of $p_1$. Then the composites $E {\rightarrow}E' {\rightarrow}E_1$ and $F {\rightarrow}P_A F {\rightarrow}F_1$ are both $P_A$-equivalences. We can assume that the map $\eta: F {\hookrightarrow}P_A F$ is a cofibration as indicated in the diagram, so that $E'$ is obtained as a push-out, not only a homotopy push-out. Since $\eta$ is a $P_A$-equivalence, so is its push-out along $j$ by left properness (see [@hirschhorn:unpub Proposition 3.5.4]). To prove that $F {\rightarrow}F_1$ is a $P_A$-equivalence, it suffices to analyze the map $P_A F {\rightarrow}F_1$. We use Puppe’s Proposition \[Puppe\] to compute $F_1$ as homotopy push-out of the homotopy fibers of $P_A F {\leftarrow}F {\rightarrow}E$ over the fixed base $B$. This yields the diagram $P_A F \times \Omega B {\leftarrow}F \times \Omega B {\rightarrow}F$ whose homotopy push-out is $F_1$. We investigate more closely the map $F {\rightarrow}F_1$ by decomposing the map $F {\rightarrow}P_A F$ into several steps obtained by gluing $A$-cells. Consider a cofibration of the form $\Sigma^i A \stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow} F {\rightarrow}C_f$. Let $E_f$ be the homotopy push-out of $C_f {\leftarrow}F {\rightarrow}E$ and compute as above the homotopy fiber $F_f$ of $E_f {\rightarrow}B$. It is weakly equivalent to the homotopy push-out of $C_f \times \Omega B {\leftarrow}F \times \Omega B {\rightarrow}F$. Hence $F_f$ is also weakly equivalent to the homotopy push-out of $\Omega B {\leftarrow}\Sigma^i A \times \Omega B {\rightarrow}F$, using the definition of $C_f$. Decompose this push-out as follows $$\xymatrix{ \Sigma^i A \times \Omega B \rto \dto & \Sigma^i A \rto \dto & F \dto \\ \Omega B \rto & \Sigma^i A \ast \Omega B \rto & F_f }$$ The right-hand square must be a homotopy push-out square as well. But both $\Sigma^i A$ and $\Sigma^i A \ast \Omega B$ are $A$-acyclic (by Proposition \[acyclicjoin\]), so that the map $\Sigma^i A {\rightarrow}\Sigma^i A \ast \Omega B$ is a $P_A$-equivalence. Thus so is $F {\rightarrow}F_f$ by left properness. Iterating this process of gluing $A$-cells shows that $F {\rightarrow}F_1$ is a telescope of $P_A$-equivalences, hence a $P_A$-equivalence. \[commutation\] [In the category of spaces it is of course true that $\Omega B \times F {\rightarrow}\Omega B \times P_A F$ is a $P_A$-equivalence, because localization commutes with finite products. In general we will see in Theorem \[charac\] that the join axiom is actually equivalent to the commutation of $P_A$ with products. With the restricted join axiom we would have to impose the additional restriction on $B$ that $\Omega B$ be $S$-cellular.]{} \[fibrewise\] Let ${{\mathcal M}}$ be a model category which is pointed, left proper, cellular and in which the cube axiom and the join axiom hold. Let $P_A: {{\mathcal M}}\rightarrow {{\mathcal M}}$ be a nullification functor. Then there exists a fibrewise nullification, i.e. a construction which associates to any fibration $F \rightarrow E \rightarrow B$ another fibration together with a natural transformation $$\xymatrix{ F \rto\dto^{\eta} & E \rto\dto & B \dto\\ P_A F \rto & \bar E \rto & B }$$ where $E \rightarrow \bar E$ is a $P_A$-equivalence. We construct first by the method provided in Lemma \[step\] a natural transformation to the fibration $F_1 {\rightarrow}E_1 {\rightarrow}B$. We iterate then this construction and get a fibration $\bar F {\rightarrow}\bar E {\rightarrow}B$ where $\bar F = hocolim(F {\rightarrow}F_1 {\rightarrow}F_2 {\rightarrow}\dots)$ and $\bar E = hocolim(E {\rightarrow}E_1 {\rightarrow}E_2 {\rightarrow}\dots)$. All maps in these telescopes are $P_A$-equivalences by the lemma, hence so are $E {\rightarrow}\bar E$ and $F {\rightarrow}\bar F$. Moreover any map $F_n {\rightarrow}F_{n+1}$ factorizes as $F_n {\rightarrow}P_A F_n \simeq P_A F {\rightarrow}F_{n+1}$ so that $\bar F \simeq P_A F$. We obtain thus the desired fibration $P_A F {\rightarrow}\bar E {\rightarrow}B$. Define $\bar P_A X = Fib(X {\rightarrow}P_A X)$, the fiber of the nullification. As in the case of spaces we get: \[A-null\] For any object $X$ in ${{\mathcal M}}$ we have $P_A \bar P_A X \simeq *$. Apply the fiberwise localization to the fibration $\bar P_A X {\rightarrow}X {\rightarrow}P_A X$. This yields a fibration $P_A \bar P_A X {\rightarrow}\bar X {\rightarrow}P_A X$ in which the base and the fiber are $A$-local. Therefore $\bar X$ is $A$-local as well. But then $\bar X \simeq P_A X$ and so $P_A \bar P_A X \simeq *$. We end this section with a complete characterization of the model categories which admit fibrewise nullifications. \[charac\] Let ${{\mathcal M}}$ be a model category which is pointed, left proper, cellular and in which the cube axiom holds. Then the following conditions are equivalent: - The nullification functor $P_A$ admits a fibrewise version. - The nullification functor $P_A$ preserves finite products. - The canonical projection $X \times A \rightarrow X$ is a $P_A$-equivalence for any $X \in {{\mathcal M}}$. - The join axiom for $A$ is satisfied. We prove first that (i) implies (ii). Consider the trivial fibration $X \rightarrow X \times Y \rightarrow Y$ and apply the fibrewise nullification to get a new fibration $P_A X \rightarrow E \rightarrow Y$. The inclusion of the fiber admits a retraction $E \rightarrow P_A X$, i.e. $E \simeq P_A X \times Y$. Applying once again the fibrewise nullification to $Y \rightarrow Y \times P_A X \rightarrow P_A X$, we see that the map $X \times Y \rightarrow P_A X \times P_A Y$ is a $P_A$-equivalence. As a product of local objects is local, this means precisely that $P_A(X \times Y) \simeq P_A X \times P_A Y$. Property (iii) is a particular case of (ii). We show now that (iii) implies (iv). If the canonical projection $X \times A \rightarrow X$ is a $P_A$-equivalence, the push-out of it along the other projection yields another $P_A$-equivalence, namely $A \rightarrow X*A$. Therefore the join $X*A$ is $P_A$-acyclic. Finally (iv) implies (i) as shown in Theorem \[fibrewise\]. The construction we propose for fibrewise nullification does not translate to the setting of general localization functors. We do not know if the cube and join axioms are sufficient conditions for the existence of fibrewise localizations. Algebras over an operad ======================= In this section we provide the motivating example for which this theory has been developped. For a fixed field $k$, we work with ${{\mathbb Z}}$-graded differential $k$-vector spaces ($k$-dgm) and consider the category of algebras in $k$-dgm over an admissible operad. This is indeed a pointed, left proper and cellular category. Weak equivalences are quasi-isomorphisms and fibrations are epimorphisms. We do not know if the join axiom holds in full generality for any object $A$. It does so however when $A$ is acyclic with respect to Quillen homology, which is the case we are most interested in, or when $A$ is a free algebra. We check that the cube axiom always holds, following the strategy of [@MR94b:55017 Proposition A.15], which guarantees the existence of fibrewise versions of the plus-construction and Postnikov sections. In the case of $\mathbb N$-graded $\mathcal O$-algebras (the case $\mathcal O=\mathcal As$ is treated by Doeraene) one has to restrict to a particular set of fibrations (the so-called $J$-maps), because they must be surjective in each degree in order to compute pull-backs. In our context all fibrations are epimorphisms, so that the cube axiom holds in full generality. \[operadiccube\] The cube axiom holds in the category of ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebras. Let us briefly recall the key steps in Doeraene’s strategy. We consider a push-out square of ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebras (along a generic cofibration $B {\hookrightarrow}B \coprod {{\mathcal O}}(V)$): $$\xymatrix{ B \rmono\dto & C=B \coprod {{\mathcal O}}(V) \dto \\ A \rmono & D=A \coprod {{\mathcal O}}(V)}$$ We need to compute the pull-back of this square along a fibration $p: E {\mbox{$\to$\hspace{-0.35cm}$\to$}}D$ (which is hence an epimorphism of chain complexes). We have thus the following isomorphism of chain complexes: $$E\cong A \coprod {{\mathcal O}}(V)\oplus ker(p).$$ This allows to compute the successive pull-backs $A\times_D E$, $C\times_D E$, and $B\times_D E$. In order to construct the homotopy push-out $P$ of these pull-backs (which must coincide with $E$) we factorize the morphism $B\times_{D}E \rightarrow C\times_{D}E$ as $$B\times_{D}E\hookrightarrow (B\oplus ker{p})\coprod{{\mathcal O}}(V\oplus W)\stackrel{\sim}{\twoheadrightarrow} C\times_{D}E$$ Thus $P$ is identified with $(A\oplus ker(p))\coprod {{\mathcal O}}(V\oplus W)$, which allows us to build finally a quasi-isomorphism to $E$. The plus-construction for an ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra is a nullification with respect to a universal acyclic algebra $\mathcal U$. We refer to [@CRS] for an explicit construction and nice applications. \[operadicjoin\] The join axiom holds for any acyclic ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra $A$. It holds in particular for the universal acyclic algebra $\mathcal U$ constructed in [@CRS], so that the fibrewise plus-construction exists. The join $A*X$ is weakly equivalent to $\Sigma A \wedge X$ by Lemmas \[join\] and \[suspension\]. Since $\Sigma A$ is 0-connected and acyclic, it is trivial by the Hurewicz Theorem [@CRS Theorem 1.1]. Thus $A*X \simeq *$ is always $P_A$-acyclic. We consider next the case of Postnikov sections $P_{{{\mathcal O}}(x)}$, where $x$ is a generator of arbitrary degree $n \in {{\mathbb Z}}$. Because $[{{\mathcal O}}(x), X] \cong \pi_n X$ for any ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra $X$, the nullification functor $P_{{{\mathcal O}}(x)}$ is really a Postnikov section, i.e. $P_{{{\mathcal O}}(x)} X \simeq X[n-1]$. Let us also recall that $\pi_n(X \times Y) \cong \pi_n X \times \pi_n Y$. \[spherejoin\] The join axiom holds for any free ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra ${{\mathcal O}}(x)$ on one generator of degree $n \in {{\mathbb Z}}$. Therefore fibrewise Postnikov sections exist. By Theorem \[charac\] we might as well check that the map $X \times {{\mathcal O}}(x) \rightarrow X$ is a $P_{{{\mathcal O}}(x)}$-equivalence for any ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra $X$. Clearly the $n$-th Postnikov section of the product $X \times {{\mathcal O}}(x)$ is equivalent to $X[n-1]$ and we are done. Our final result is a particular case of Corollary \[A-null\]. A direct proof (without fibrewise techniques) seems out of reach. \[acyclic\] Let ${{\mathcal O}}-alg$ be the category of algebras over an admissible operad ${{\mathcal O}}$. For any ${{\mathcal O}}$-algebra $B$, denote by $B \rightarrow B^+$ the plus construction. The homotopy fiber $AB = Fib(B \rightarrow B^+)$ is then acyclic with respect to Quillen homology. \[bibliography\] David Chataur Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, E–08193 Bellaterra\ email: [[email protected]]{} Jérôme Scherer Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E–08193 Bellaterra\ e-mail: [[email protected]]{} [^1]: The first author was partially supported by DGESIC grant PB97-0202. | Mid | [
0.647058823529411,
33,
18
]
|
If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. I'm one of the few that broke free from Microsoft after 15 years of use. October 2012: I made up my mind that I didn't need Microsoft anymore your life mirrors mine... long ago at a previous job I had a windows desktop and the hard drive failed. Part of my job was administering unix and linux servers, and a colleague used linux as his desktop. I decided to start making the switch so when I rebuilt the computer it was dual boot and I was determined to try and not need linux. Since then, Windows is something I only boot out of necessity. Since then it's become easier and easier to live with linux as your only desktop OS. You're seeing something different than me then. I find that most Linux users use Windows 99% of the time and simply keep Linux around for bragging rights. Most of them aren't serious about Open Source at all. They've used Windows all their life, so Microsoft's goal of locking them in is complete. I'm one of the few that broke free from Microsoft after 15 years of use. October 2012: I made up my mind that I didn't need Microsoft anymore. After years of tinkering with Linux, like many still do, I found that it had become a real alternative to Windows. I just didn't want to deal with Virus and Malware anymore and I was tired of feeling like I was being "watched". In 2013 I found that I wasn't insane and has every right to think I was being watched as the truth came out about the NSA and backdoors in Windows. My switch was like Smoking, it was simply an addiction. Before I switched I checked my Hardware and found replacements for my Software; switching was a piece of cake after that. After a full install I installed the GPU driver, which was simple point and click, and I was finished. After I installed Software via the Ubuntu Software Center I felt right at home, and Steam was right around the corner; what an excellent time to switch from Windows. The problem? I'm in the minority. Most people are too addicted and afraid of change to switch from Windows. Even if there was proof of a Back door or something that put users at serious risk; people still wouldn't switch. What you see now is what it will always be unless OEMs install Linux by default, the only way to make people switch is by force and I welcome that day. My 60 year old Mother now uses Linux, if she can do it, anyone can. No more redundant excuses, no more rationalizing. As for ReactOS, there just isn't a need for it anymore. While I was still using Windows I thought I would use it if it was completed, but now that I use Linux, I see no real need for it. But more power to them, it's a nice experiment. While I said I don't hate Windows, that doesn't mean I use it very often. I've gone into the Windows partition on my HDD about 10 times in 2013, none of the trips lasting more than a couple hours. I simply enjoy Linux so much more. Especially with Cinnamon as a DE. Before it was announced, I had a choice of DE's I wasn't particularly fond of... I've since come to terms with all of the DEs I've ever tried, but Cinnamon continues to simply be my favorite. ReactOS is definitely one of the more "doing this for fun" "experiments", but I can definitely see real-world benefits from having an Open-Source Windows XP/7 compatible OS out there while we're trying to push the benefits of Linux. | Mid | [
0.5545023696682461,
29.25,
23.5
]
|
Q: Is there more than one instance of the Empty Set? It seems any additional instance would be equivalent in every respect to the first, hence indistinguishable, and arguably identical. I.e., there is only one Empty Set. Correct? A: In the most popular version of axiomatic set theory, ZF, there is an axiom, the Axiom of Extensionality, which says if two sets have the same elements they are equal. However, there are non-extensional set theories. These are much more a minority taste. You will find some information under urelemente. A: A set is defined by the elements it contains. The empty set contains no elements. A putative second empty set would contain the same elements, namely none, hence is equal to the empty set. | Mid | [
0.574766355140186,
30.75,
22.75
]
|
Listen to shakuhachi I frequently perform with a player of the celtic harp living in Ireland, Junshi Murakami. In the video below, we play a Japanese tune called 'Hana', which means 'Flowers'. My playing features in a recent documentary, 'A Doctor's Sword' (directed by Gary Lennon and produced by Bob Jackson) about the fascinating story of an Irish doctor in World War II and a Japanese sword. The movie is available on iTunes I provided music for 'Kaveri', a short movie by director, Shilpa Munikempanna. Download the track 'Seven Mountains' on the album Lower Entrance, a collaboration with Konrad PsiukDownload here. | Low | [
0.5107758620689651,
29.625,
28.375
]
|
Q: Changing a Array of Strings inside a function in C What I'm trying to do is pretty straight forward in other languages. But I'm struggling with this in a C project and didn't find a right way to do it in my researches. What I need to do is: Declare an global empty array of strings Inside a function I want to populate this global array with X new strings In another function, I want loop through all new elements of this array printing them out. The code I have now is listed below. #include <stdio.h> const char *menu[] = {}; void populateMenu(){ // populate this menu with some itens *menu = { "New item A", "New item B", NULL }; } int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { // 1. print inicial menu int menuAlen = sizeof(menu)/sizeof(*menu); int i; for(i = 0; i < menuAlen; i++){ printf("%s\n", menu[i]); } // 2. populate the menu populateMenu(); // 3. print it again with new values int menuBlen = sizeof(menu)/sizeof(*menu); for(i = 0; i < menuBlen; i++){ printf("%s\n", menu[i]); } return 0; } I'm currently getting this error on build time. main.c:16:16: Expected expression Line 16 is the first line inside populateMenu function. Can someone help me out with this? Thanks in advance. Best. George. A: You should declare menu as a pointer to [some array of] pointer strings: char**menu; You need to know the number of menu entries. So declare also size_t nb_menu; and have some way to compute it at runtime. (I leave that up to you, but you cannot use sizeof which is a compile-time thing). You then allocate in the heap, using calloc(3), that array: menu = calloc (nb_menu+1, sizeof(char*)); if (!menu) { perror("calloc menu"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); }; I'm doing nb_menu+1 because you probably want to NULL terminate your menu. Now you could fill it, e.g. menu[0] = "Some string"; or better yet, use strdup(3). You should have a convention (and document it) about when and which pointers are into the heap -i.e; malloc-ed or calloc-ed and who should free them. You should later free(3) your pointers to avoid memory leaks. You can only free a pointer obtained by malloc or calloc or strdup (which calls malloc) etc... On Linux, you should learn how to use valgrind. Perhaps using Boehm Garbage Collector could help you. Certainly, understand what garbage collectors are and learn a lot more about C memory management. Actually, you could use flexible array members and have your menu be a pointer to struct menu_st { unsigned nb_entries; char* entry_array[]; // nb_entries elements in the array }; Read about the C memory model. Don't forget to compile with all warnings and debug info (e.g. gcc -Wall -g) and learn how to use the debugger (e.g. gdb). Be very scared of undefined behavior. | Mid | [
0.554744525547445,
28.5,
22.875
]
|
Pancreatic Metastasis from Endometrial Carcinoma. | Low | [
0.535791757049891,
30.875,
26.75
]
|
Barcode scanners are known to be effective tools in sales environments. Prior to barcode scanners, labels (e.g., numbers, letters, or a combination thereof) were placed upon individual products that identified such products. A compilation of the labels and their corresponding products was utilized by a salesperson to determine which items were being sold in order to accurately determine inventory. Upon arrival of new products to the sales establishment, a new compilation of labels and products required generation to effectively determine available inventory. For example, each new product was manually counted and typically entered into a table. A summation of the products was added to remaining products having substantially similar labels. Compiling inventory data included laboriously reviewing products and labels and creating a table that illustrated a number of products represented by particular labels. Such a system is time consuming and susceptible to human error, as labels can be easily misread or entered incorrectly into a table. Barcode scanners were introduced to help mitigate some of the above deficiencies related to inventory maintenance. Each product was delivered with a barcode (e.g., a graphical object that encodes information as alternating dark and light portions) that identified a particular product. Via scanning the barcodes of products sold, products could automatically be deducted from inventory through utilization of a barcode scanner and a computing component. Furthermore, products brought to a particular store could be scanned and automatically added to a list of inventory. However, those barcode scanners were stationary due to their size. Thus double-checking inventory still required manually counting products in the sales area. Furthermore, entering products into an inventory database required moving products to an area with a barcode scanner. Today, barcode scanners have a wide range of applications. For instance, examples of barcode scanners can be found in almost every department store, grocery store, and convenience store and are utilized in connection with selling products (e.g., price determination) and maintaining inventory. Furthermore, barcodes and barcode scanners are currently employed in factory and warehouse settings that utilize barcodes in connection with inventory and production control. Moreover, barcodes have been added to drivers' licenses and other identification cards, wherein the barcodes contain data relating to the person being identified (e.g., age, height, weight, birth date, . . . ). As technology has advanced, barcode scanners have become portable and include memory and a display. For example, a couple engaged to be married can go to a department store to generate a gift registry and simply be given a portable barcode scanner. Thereafter, the couple can scan items that they wish to be added to their registry, and a display within the barcode scanner will illustrate which item(s) they have added. Moreover, typical barcode scanners are equipped with memory that can store the registry list, which can later be transferred to a more permanent data store. Wearable barcode scanners have also been developed, wherein a user that typically requires use of both hands can still utilize a barcode scanner. For example, the barcode scanner can be associated with a strap that wraps around a user's arm and secures such barcode scanner to the arm. Therefore, the user has ability to use both arms when the employment of the barcode scanner is not required. These wearable barcode scanners, however, are designed to be worn on a particular arm, as a keypad for entering data into the barcode scanner is associated with such scanner. However, if a user desires to utilize the scanner on the other arm, the keys and display will be approximately 180 degrees displaced from a desirable orientation. Furthermore, a user utilizing the keypad will have at least part of the display blocked by a hand when the barcode scanner is not on an arm that the scanner was particularly designed for. These barcode scanners are subject to errors in entering and/or reviewing data, as the keypad is not desirably oriented and a display can be partially blocked and/or not oriented desirably. In view of at least the above, there exists a strong need in the art for a system and/or methodology that enables a keypad and display to be adjusted as desirably by a user. | Mid | [
0.612980769230769,
31.875,
20.125
]
|
Pages Monday, July 1, 2013 Soulflower India Giveaway Results Honest Reviews and Lifestyle Tips completed one year on May 25, 2013. We had organized a giveaway to celebrate this first birthday anniversary and Soulflower India agreed to Sponsor it. The giveaway was open from Jun 7 to Jun 27, 2013. You can read about the giveaway HERE. Participants who referred this Blog to more people and spread the word received 1 extra entry for each referral. Other than that, the giveaway rules were extremely simple to encourage participation and spread awareness about this great brand Soulflower. The entry numbers for all participants were updated on THIS page before the timestamp showing in the screenshots. CONGRATULATIONS TO BOTH THE WINNERS and a BIG THANKS to Sarabjit Kaur, Shilpa Bindlish, Chamandeep Kaur, Meenakshi Kapur and Jyotika Gauba for being great supporters of this blog in every possible way. 1 comment: Anonymous comments are not encouraged. So either use a profile or the Name/URL option to comment (can leave the URL box blank). For personal consultation, you can email me as mentioned in the Blog Policy. In Google Chrome, you can tick mark the 'Notify Me' box in the bottom right to get notified when I reply to your comment (usually in 1-4 days). Follow on Facebook Follow by Email Enter your email address: Feedburner will send you an Activation Email. Check your Inbox/Spam folder and click on the Activation Link. Lifesutra By Gagan About Me I am a powerful mind, soaring high on the wings of creativity, supported by the strong winds of knowledge. I try, I fall, I try I succeed, I try, I experience; I experience, I learn; I learn, I share; I share, I feel happy. I am inspired by my unquenchable thirst for knowledge and my hunger to share my experiences with the world. Bad products and experiences turn me off. Hence this is my small effort to create better life experiences for others by helping them make informed choices through my product reviews. "I choose to risk my significance, to live so that which came to me as seed goes to the next as blossom, and that which came to me as blossom, goes on as fruit.” ― Dawna Markova, I Will Not Die an Unlived Life: Reclaiming Purpose and Passion | Low | [
0.48902195608782406,
30.625,
32
]
|
Papa Hall J. Lewis "Papa" Hall, Jr. (April 2, 1931 – September 15, 2010) was a college football player and track athlete; later an attorney and circuit court judge. Hall was a prominent running back for the Florida Gators of the University of Florida, “recruited by every major Southern college.” Papa Hall and fellow backs Buford Long and Rick Casares were part of the Gators' winning backfield during the team's 8–3 season in 1952. Hall was its leading rusher. Hall was also an NCAA national champion high jumper in track and field. After college, he decided against a professional football career. Hall ran for ninety-four yards in the team's 14–13 Gator Bowl victory on New Year's Day 1953. See also List of University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame members References External links Category:1931 births Category:2010 deaths Category:Florida Gators football players Category:American football halfbacks | High | [
0.7190635451505011,
26.875,
10.5
]
|
Mouse γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α through a PPRE located in the proximal promoter. Convincing evidence from studies with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α-deficient mice suggested that the carnitine biosynthetic enzyme γ-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBD) is regulated by PPARα. However, the identification of BBD as a direct PPARα target gene as well as its exact regulation remained to be demonstrated. In silico-analysis of the mouse BBD promoter revealed seven putative peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPRE) with high similarity to the consensus PPRE. Luciferase reporter gene assays using mutated and non-mutated serial 5'-truncation BBD promoter reporter constructs revealed that one PPRE located at -75 to -87 relative to the transcription start site in the proximal BBD promoter is probably functional. Using gel shift assays we observed in vitro-binding of PPARα/RXRα heterodimer to this PPRE confirming that it is functional. In conclusion, the present study clearly shows that mouse BBD is a direct PPARα target gene and that transcriptional up-regulation of mouse BBD by PPARα is likely mediated by binding of the PPARα/RXR heterodimer to one PPRE located in its proximal promoter region. The results confirm emerging evidence from recent studies that PPARα plays a key role in the regulation of carnitine homeostasis by controlling genes involved in both, carnitine synthesis and carnitine uptake. | High | [
0.6822916666666661,
32.75,
15.25
]
|
Tag: target Before-and-after images from Curiosity’s ChemCam micro-imager show holes left by its million-watt laser (NASA/JPL-Caltech/LANL/CNES/IRAP/LPGN/CNRS) PEWPEWPEWPEWPEW! Curiosity’s head-mounted ChemCam did a little target practice on August 25, blasting millimeter-sized holes in a soil sample named “Beechey” in order to acquire spectrographic data from the resulting plasma glow. The neat line of holes is called a five-by-one raster, and was made from a distance of about 11.5 feet (3.5 meters). Sorry Obi-Wan, but Curiosity’s blaster is neither clumsy nor random! Mounted to Curiosity’s “head”, just above its Mastcam camera “eyes”, ChemCam combines a powerful laser with a telescope and spectrometer that can analyze the light emitted by zapped materials, thereby determining with unprecedented precision what Mars is really made of. For five billionths of a second the laser focuses a million watts of energy onto a specific point. Each of the 5 holes seen on Beechey are the result of 50 laser hits. 2 to 4 millimeters in diameter, the holes are much larger than the laser point itself, which is only .43 millimeters wide at that distance. “ChemCam is designed to look for lighter elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, all of which are crucial for life,” said Roger Wiens, principal investigator of the ChemCam team. “The system can provide immediate, unambiguous detection of water from frost or other sources on the surface as well as carbon – a basic building block of life as well as a possible byproduct of life. This makes the ChemCam a vital component of Curiosity’s mission.” | Mid | [
0.620525059665871,
32.5,
19.875
]
|
! RUN: %f18 -E %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s ! CHECK: res=((666)+111) * FLM call split between name and (, clipped integer function IFLM(x) integer :: x IFLM = x end function IFLM program main #define IFLM(x) ((x)+111) integer :: res * 'comment' is in column 73 * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 *234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123 res = IFLM comment +(666) if (res .eq. 777) then print *, 'pp015.F yes' else print *, 'pp015.F no: ', res end if end | Low | [
0.535714285714285,
28.125,
24.375
]
|
July 20, 2011 - TF2 Team When WETA Workshop first approached us with the idea of partnering some of their IP with ours, we couldn't believe our luck. These were the guys who made In The Name of the King, after all, and since that movie stars Burt Reynolds, there was a pretty good chance they'd introduce us to him. Eager to raise that chance to 100%, we sent them over a contract demanding they produce Burt Reynolds at any partnership meetings. Their lawyers told us they'd actually made some different movies about kings: Return of the King and King Kong, neither of which feature Burt Reynolds in even a minor role. We got less excited, then briefly more excited again when we remembered that King Kong stars Tony Danza, then into a tailspin of depression when we realized we were thinking of Going Ape. Luckily Greg Broadmore, WETA Workshop's mastermind behind Dr. Grordbort's Infallible Aether Oscillators, sent us over a bunch of concept art for cool-looking space guns, which cheered us up immediately. We asked if he could redraw the art so Burt Reynolds and Tony Danza were having a gunfight in space over who would be our best friend. He said sure. Then he never did. But just because Greg Broadmore is a liar, that doesn't mean he didn't invent some nifty-looking guns. Find out more about them here, and read a comic we wrote about the items here. Or you can skip all that and go watch Smokey and the Bandit II here. | Mid | [
0.606694560669456,
36.25,
23.5
]
|
Q: sip viewer log import to new project I have created my graphic java log application which read text SIP logs, and was able to format them for sip viewer. https://code.google.com/p/sip-viewer/ this is a jar file which runs via command line, How can I integrate this jar file into my existing Java project? In my project I can generate an ArrayList with all the SIP log info ready to be used. I want to call this app and pass my Array and get output in JDialog. any example to import sip viewer? A: import sip-viewer jar in you project (easy if using maven) http://sip-viewer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cli/mavenrepo/ then, integrate sip-viewer in you java class by taken example of the method display in: https://code.google.com/p/sip-viewer/source/browse/trunk/cli/src/main/java/javax/sip/viewer/SipTextViewer.java | High | [
0.71067415730337,
31.625,
12.875
]
|
import { IExtensionWithId } from '@/extensions/common'; export interface ExtensionStore { extensions: IExtensionWithId[]; defaultExtensionId?: string | null; } export const LOCAL_EXTENSIONS_DISABLED_EXTENSIONS_KEY = 'local.extensions.disabled.extensions'; export const LOCAL_EXTENSIONS_DISABLED_AUTOMATIC_EXTENSIONS_KEY = 'local.extensions.disabled.automatic.extensions'; | Low | [
0.5265306122448971,
32.25,
29
]
|
The project uses CIC chat room logs and prepares knowledge sources for use by learning algorithms. It develops and validates performance of knowledge-intensive statistical relational learning algorithms (for chat classification and chat room summarization). Group members are designing the auditory, visual, and Notification Manager components for cueing watchstanders on any display. Finally, the various components are being integrated into NRL’s watchstation test bed. The group finally conducts empirical verification studies with human subjects to assess the efficacy of the learned classifiers, chat room summarization displays, and cueing methods. | High | [
0.7159420289855071,
30.875,
12.25
]
|
At the November Vimberlin meetup, I talked about my exprience of building a plugin, what decisions I made and what lessons I took away from it all. My hope was that the attendees could use my ideas in their own code, and maybe become motivated to get coding themselves. Here’s a short summary of the basic ideas I presented. Vimscript doesn’t have a lot of conventions, so it’s usually up to the plugin author to decide on the structure of their project. In the case of splitjoin, it looks a bit like this: |~autoload/ | |~sj/ | | |-coffee.vim | | |-css.vim | | |-... | `-sj.vim |~ftplugin/ | |+coffee/ | |+css/ | |+... |~plugin/ | `-splitjoin.vim The plugin/splitjoin.vim file is the only entry point of the plugin, but most of what it does is defining the necessary commands, mappings and default setting values. The actual work of splitting or joining code is implemented in autoloaded functions placed in the autoload directory. The files in the ftplugin directory define lists of these functions that are active for specific filetypes. The autoloaded functions make up the public interface of the plugin. They’re callable from anywhere, which means that they can be used (at least in theory) to extend the plugin or re-use some of its functionality. The utility functions in autoload/sj.vim can be particularly useful in some cases and I continue to rely on them every once in a while in my Vimfiles. Implementation details can be hidden by using script-local functions (defined as s:FunctionName ). In a way, these are “private” functions, except not private to a module or class, but to a file. This separation lets users of different skill levels understand different amounts of what’s going on. The plugin/splitjoin.vim file contains a fair amount of boilerplate that can usually be safely ignored if you want to add a new splitting or joining function for a filetype. And, you can probably even reuse some function directly by only editing the files in the ftplugin directory. I can’t say that’s very useful for splitjoin in particular, but I’ve had pull requests on other plugins that were extremely easy to make simply because of this separation. Of course, “separation of concerns is good” is probably not news to most developers, but Vimscript gets a bad rap of being messy. It certainly has a lot of deficiencies, compared to most general-purpose languages, but my point is that it is possible to build a well-structured system in Vimscript. 🔗Using Vim Imagine you want to split a CSS definition: a { color : blue ; text-decoration : underline ; } How do you do that? Well, you could start by getting the position of the { and } , right? Something like this pseudo-vimscript: let [ start_line , start_col ] = searchpos ( '{' ) let [ end_line , end_col ] = searchpos ( '}' ) And then what? You could probably fetch the contents of the buffer around these line numbers and slice it up somehow. This would involve a lot of indexing, off-by-one ambiguities, and problems with multibyte. Or, you could just do something like this: normal ! ya { let text = @" " ... actually process the text let @" = text normal ! va { p The normal! command simply performs a sequence of keys as if they were typed in by a user. The special @" variable holds the contents of the unnamed register, which is used for pasting. Chances are, if you know these details, you can pretty much understand what’s going on there. There’s no explicit coordinates to juggle around and the code itself is fairly simple. This was a lesson I learned after I gave up trying to maintain some artificial level of “purity” for my Vimscript. I used to think that executing a normal! within a function call is a horrible hack, that a function that moves the cursor or enters visual mode is unacceptable. After gaining some more experience, I came to the conclusion that artificially excluding some features in Vim does not make the code better, and has the potential to make it worse. Of course, that doesn’t mean that a text-retrieving function should perform a rot13 on the entire file or something like that – you should always try to avoid side effects as much as possible and maintain some consistent state of the buffer. But if you have the power of Vim at your disposal, there’s little sense to avoid using its functionality. Vim doesn’t provide you with some kind of a workflow to write plugins. There’s no TDD loop, no browser to refresh. My usual process is: I open the code in one window I open an example file with Vim in a different window I make a change to the plugin code I close the second Vim, reopen it and try the functionality again This might seem annoying, but I find it quite simple, especially if I take care to set things up for minimal interaction. For instance, if your experiments involve a test file with some code you want to split on line 3, you could do: vim +3 +SplitjoinSplit And then just rely on history entries to perform your test in a few keystrokes. With some effort, you could probably even do this automatically, but I haven’t gone in that direction. As for debugging, the echo command is not very useful for more than one message. The echomsg command can be used in its place. The difference is that all output from echomsg is stored in the “messages” list that you can access by executing the messages command. But the most useful debugging tool for me is an upgrade to echomsg , called Decho . It comes from the decho.vim plugin, written by Dr. Chip, and simply opens up a temporary buffer to hold the output of all Decho commands. You can find some other interesting tools in that plugin, although I never really got into the habit of using them myself. A few other useful debugging tools are the PrettyPrint command, installable as prettyprint.vim and my Bufferize command that you can see in this gist. Splitjoin was the first plugin I attempted to test, for the simple reason that I was getting fed up with manually checking all different scenarios every time I made a change to the code. I used my vimrunner gem to set up some rspec tests for the plugin, which did a great job at finding a bunch of bugs I hadn’t noticed and at preventing regressions every once in a while. This is something I can recommend to ruby programmers, since it should be familiar to them and the rspec framework is very mature and makes it easy to write helpers, set up temporary files and so on. Paul Mucur has a blog post with a much more detailed explanation of the matter, including how to integrate the tests with Travis CI, and my blog post on implementing Vimrunner might be interesting to understand how it works under the hood. That said, it does have some disadvantages. It can be fairly slow, and not very helpful with error reporting. I don’t use it as a TDD tool, only as a regression-preventing one. And, obviously, it’s probably not very suited to non-rubyists. A different tool I can recommend is vspec by Kana Natsuno. I haven’t used it myself, but Drew Neil reports good results with his recent markdown folding plugin. It provides a nice BDD-like syntax, while being pure Vimscript. 🔗In closing Writing Vimscript is awesome and you should do it. If you’ve found something in Vim you don’t quite like or want to implement a workflow that’s not quite “normal”, you can – just grab your Vim and start experimenting. | Mid | [
0.646058732612055,
26.125,
14.3125
]
|
Containers are a lightweight virtualization mechanism for Linux. In this talk, we will cover the underlying containerization technologies in the Linux kernel (CGroups and Namespaces) and the container management systems built on top of them, culminating in a discussion of Docker: an open-source container manager with a powerful deployment mechanism. | High | [
0.695652173913043,
32,
14
]
|
{ "channel_id": "businesschannel", "read_set": { "groups": { "Application": { "groups": { "Org1MSP": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "1" }, "Org2MSP": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "1" } }, "mod_policy": "", "policies": { "Admins": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" }, "Readers": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" }, "Writers": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" } }, "values": { "Capabilities": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" } }, "version": "1" } }, "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" }, "write_set": { "groups": { "Application": { "groups": { "Org1MSP": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "1" }, "Org2MSP": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "1" }, "Org3MSP": { "mod_policy": "Admins", "policies": { "Admins": { "mod_policy": "Admins", "policy": { "type": 1, "value": { "identities": [ { "principal": { "msp_identifier": "Org3MSP", "role": "ADMIN" }, "principal_classification": "ROLE" } ], "rule": { "n_out_of": { "n": 1, "rules": [ { "signed_by": 0 } ] } }, "version": 0 } }, "version": "0" }, "Readers": { "mod_policy": "Admins", "policy": { "type": 1, "value": { "identities": [ { "principal": { "msp_identifier": "Org3MSP", "role": "MEMBER" }, "principal_classification": "ROLE" } ], "rule": { "n_out_of": { "n": 1, "rules": [ { "signed_by": 0 } ] } }, "version": 0 } }, "version": "0" }, "Writers": { "mod_policy": "Admins", "policy": { "type": 1, "value": { "identities": [ { "principal": { "msp_identifier": "Org3MSP", "role": "MEMBER" }, "principal_classification": "ROLE" } ], "rule": { "n_out_of": { "n": 1, "rules": [ { "signed_by": 0 } ] } }, "version": 0 } }, "version": "0" } }, "values": { "MSP": { "mod_policy": "Admins", "value": { "config": { "admins": [ "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" ], "crypto_config": { "identity_identifier_hash_function": "SHA256", "signature_hash_family": "SHA2" }, "name": "Org3MSP", "root_certs": [ "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" ], "tls_root_certs": [ "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" ] }, "type": 0 }, "version": "0" } }, "version": "0" } }, "mod_policy": "Admins", "policies": { "Admins": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" }, "Readers": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" }, "Writers": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" } }, "values": { "Capabilities": { "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" } }, "version": "2" } }, "mod_policy": "", "version": "0" } } | Low | [
0.516908212560386,
26.75,
25
]
|
Astronomers Spot First-Known Interstellar Comet - johnny313 http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/astronomers-spot-first-known-interstellar-comet/ ====== diggernet "Based on its apparent brightness, dynamicist Bill Gray calculates that it would have a diameter of about 160 meters (525 feet) if it were a rock with a surface reflectivity of 10%." It is, of course, almost certainly a rock. But as a pointless mental exercise, how large would it be if it were a shiny metal probe? ------ softrock The observations are still coming in and things are very uncertain. One astronomer on twitter noted that if the most uncertain measurement were removed that the comet has a 0.9 eccentricity, and therefore likely not an interstellar comet. | Low | [
0.49875930521091805,
25.125,
25.25
]
|
In recent years, in the semiconductor industry, a 3D stacking technology is developed to shorten the wiring between chips, reduce the sizes of devices, and help to construct a complete 3D chip structure. Through-substrate vias (TSV) are key components for connecting vertically stacked chips in the 3D stacking technology. An interposer can be disposed to replace the wire packaging technique for electrically connecting heterogeneous chips. Even though through-silicon vias (TSV) and a redistribution layer (RDL) of optimal dimension ratios can be realized in an interposer along with the development of the 3D stacking technology, many costly semiconductor process steps need to be performed repeatedly to achieve the TSV and the RDL of the optimal dimension ratios. As a result, the manufacturing cost cannot be effectively reduced. | Mid | [
0.6057692307692301,
31.5,
20.5
]
|
Sigla himinfley Sigla himinfley () is an Icelandic drama miniseries created by Þráinn Bertelsson. The series takes place in Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, and follows the lives of an influential family in the fishing industry. External links Category:Icelandic drama television series Category:1996 Icelandic television series debuts Category:1996 Icelandic television series endings Category:1990s Icelandic television series Category:1990s drama television series | Mid | [
0.6464088397790051,
29.25,
16
]
|
/* * Copyright (c) 1997, 2007, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. * * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. * * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that * accompanied this code). * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. * * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any * questions. */ package javax.swing.plaf; import java.awt.Color; import java.beans.ConstructorProperties; /* * A subclass of Color that implements UIResource. UI * classes that create colors should use this class. * <p> * <strong>Warning:</strong> * Serialized objects of this class will not be compatible with * future Swing releases. The current serialization support is * appropriate for short term storage or RMI between applications running * the same version of Swing. As of 1.4, support for long term storage * of all JavaBeans<sup><font size="-2">TM</font></sup> * has been added to the <code>java.beans</code> package. * Please see {@link java.beans.XMLEncoder}. * * @see javax.swing.plaf.UIResource * @author Hans Muller * */ public class ColorUIResource extends Color implements UIResource { @ConstructorProperties({"red", "green", "blue"}) public ColorUIResource(int r, int g, int b) { super(r, g, b); } public ColorUIResource(int rgb) { super(rgb); } public ColorUIResource(float r, float g, float b) { super(r, g, b); } public ColorUIResource(Color c) { super(c.getRGB(), (c.getRGB() & 0xFF000000) != 0xFF000000); } } | Mid | [
0.554890219560878,
34.75,
27.875
]
|
Q: error:Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.Object android.content.Context.getSystemService(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference public class AlarmTask implements Runnable{ // The date selected for the alarm private final Calendar date; // The android system alarm manager private final AlarmManager am; // Your context to retrieve the alarm manager from private final Context context; public AlarmTask(Context context, Calendar date) { this.context = context; this.am = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE); //error for this line this.date = date; } There are similar questions, but after banging my head I couldn't sort out the problem. I am getting these following errors! Is it due to fragments? java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.Object android.content.Context.getSystemService(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference at android.content.ContextWrapper.getSystemService(ContextWrapper.java:562) at lol.com.epl.AlarmTask.<init>(AlarmTask.java:24) at lol.com.epl.ScheduleService.setAlarm(ScheduleService.java:47) at lol.com.epl.ScheduleClient.setAlarmForNotification(ScheduleClient.java:58) at lol.com.epl.FixFragment.onCreateView(FixFragment.java:88) at android.support.v4.app.Fragment.performCreateView(Fragment.java:1962) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1026) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.moveToState(FragmentManager.java:1207) at android.support.v4.app.BackStackRecord.run(BackStackRecord.java:738) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl.execPendingActions(FragmentManager.java:1572) at android.support.v4.app.FragmentManagerImpl$1.run(FragmentManager.java:493) at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739) at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95) at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135) at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5257) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:903) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:698) This is how I am calling the class public void setAlarm(Calendar c) { // This starts a new thread to set the alarm // You want to push off your tasks onto a new thread to free up the UI to carry on responding new AlarmTask(this, c).run(); } This is where I call the setAlarm function public void setAlarmForNotification(Calendar c){ ScheduleService mBoundService = new ScheduleService(); mBoundService.setAlarm(c); } A: In your code the this.am = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE); the context is null. Checking your stacktrace your are initializing the AlarmTask in at lol.com.epl.FixFragment.onCreateView(FixFragment.java:88) Move this call in the onActivityCreated method. A: If you are returning to a fragment while being inside a different fragment, and upon returning to the fragment you execute a method which is causing the java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.Object android.content.Context.getSystemService(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference Wrapped that method in a if (getActivity() != null) { // Code goes here. } and problem will be solved. A: You can use getActivity(), which returns the activity associated with a fragment. So your code will become: public AlarmTask(Calendar date) { this.am = (AlarmManager)getActivity().getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE); //error for this line this.date = date; } | Low | [
0.478365384615384,
24.875,
27.125
]
|
Post-Brexit: A New Era for Anglo-Asian Relations Peter Tasker Peter Tasker The immediate shock of Britain’s decision to exit the European Union has faded now that a new administration under Prime Minister Theresa May has taken office. Many uncertainties remain. British access to the European single market for goods and the regulatory regime for UK-based financial services are up for negotiation. Both sides will be playing their cards close to their chests for months, if not years to come. Already, though, it is possible to discern the broad outlines of the most important changes ahead. Over the coming decades Britain’s political and economic involvement with the countries of the European Union is set to decline. Its involvement with the rest of the world is set to increase correspondingly. From being a semi-detached member of the EU – and thus the obvious entry point for non-EU investors – Britain will become an independent middle-weight player managing a portfolio of different relationships. In the 1980s Japanese foreign direct investment into the U.K. was mostly in the form of manufacturing facilities built by auto and electronics companies seeking to access the EU market. In recent years the emphasis has shifted to acquisitions of globally-strategic assets in the service sector, such as the Nikkei’s purchase of the Financial Times and the Softbank-Arm deal. In such cases EU membership is an irrelevance. TRADE, INVESTMENT AND TPP Without doubt the U.K.’s trading and investment linkages with large economies such as the United States, Japan, China and India will become much more significant. Britain will probably make bilateral deals with most or all of these countries. If the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a US-sponsored free trade agreement, finally clears Congress after the US presidential elections, Britain could even become an associate member. The TPP covers twelve countries in Australasia, Asia and the Americas which together generate 40% of global GDP. For an open trading nation like Britain, membership would be an attractive prospect. True, Britain is a long way from the Pacific Ocean, but geographically it is a lot closer to the United States than New Zealand and culturally it is a lot closer than Vietnam. Distance is no object in the service economy and with shipping rates at rock bottom levels, transportation has never been cheaper. The crucial point is that Britain is now in a position to make such deals, whether bilateral or multi-lateral, which would have been illegal under EU rules. Meanwhile, the North Atlantic version of the TPP, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, is effectively a dead duck, stymied by entrenched opposition in key countries such as Germany. Without the UK’s influence in the EU, protectionist impulses will only get stronger. The UK itself will need to beef up its capability in trade negotiations since it has not negotiated on its own behalf in 40 years. Given the legions of lawyers and investment bankers the country produces every year, this is unlikely to be a major problem for long. In the shorter term the road ahead may be bumpy, but the doom-mongering by economists at the IMF and the OECD and the British Treasury, Bank of England Governor Mark Carney and assorted others should be taken with a huge pinch of salt. Economists do much useful work, but that does not include predicting the future. In times of disruption, the possession of a floating currency can be a powerful stabilizing force. Any damage to the competitiveness of British exports caused by the imposition of EU tariffs is likely to be “discounted” by a weaker pound. Indeed over the past twelve months the pound has already fallen by some 15% against the dollar and 18% against the Euro – more than enough to offset the impact of any new tariffs. In real-trade weighted terms, the pound is now well below its average for the last 35 years. British manufactured products, food and drink, real estate prices, stock prices, school and university fees, hotel charges and workers’ wages have become unusually cheap in the eyes of the world. Policy can also make a difference. Outgoing Chancellor George Osborne’s cut in corporation tax was designed to reassure foreign companies investing in the UK. There could be more where that came from. Outside the EU regulatory net, the UK would be free to set its own preferential tax rates. If so inclined, it could become a gigantic version of Singapore, with greyer skies but better theatre and museums. BACK TO THE NATION-STATE Brexit does not mean that Britain is turning its back on the world. It will continue to welcome large numbers of immigrants. Indeed an end to the commitment to open borders mandated by EU membership could well mean a more liberal regime for non-EU immigrants, especially professionals and skilled workers. Likewise, it will continue to welcome foreign direct investment. Companies considering relocating operations from the UK to an EU member should consider the risks carefully. The travails of the Eurozone are far from over and a disorderly break-up is a non-negligible probability. The industrial structure will change only gradually. Finance will remain one of the UK’s most important industries and the City will remain a key national asset, as it has been for centuries. Outside the EU, regulation is likely to be more supportive of competitive principles that foster the industry as a whole, rather than favouring “national champion” mega-banks. In the referendum the British public voted for the nation-state and against the supranational ambitions of the EU. Asian countries – many of which have fought for their independence within living memory – understand that nation-states, for all their flaws, have hard-won strengths that should not be discarded lightly. ASEAN has succeeded because it knows its own limitations – and that moving to open borders and a single currency would be a recipe for disaster. Indeed if the EU had displayed one tenth of the pragmatism and flexibility of ASEAN, Britain would still be a member. | Mid | [
0.605527638190954,
30.125,
19.625
]
|
/* * Copyright (c) 2017. Real Time Genomics Limited. * * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are * met: * * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ package com.rtg.launcher; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import com.rtg.tabix.UnindexableDataException; import com.rtg.util.TestUtils; import com.rtg.util.io.FileUtils; import com.rtg.vcf.VcfUtils; /** * */ public abstract class AbstractEndToEndTest extends AbstractCliTest { public interface OutputChecker { void check(File outputDir) throws IOException; } protected void endToEnd(String id, String[] filesToCheck, boolean expectWarn, String... args) throws IOException, UnindexableDataException { endToEnd(id, id, filesToCheck, expectWarn, args); } protected void endToEnd(String harnessId, String resultsId, String[] filesToCheck, boolean expectWarn, String... args) throws IOException, UnindexableDataException { endToEnd(harnessId, resultsId, 0, expectWarn, output -> { for (String fileName : filesToCheck) { checkResultFile(resultsId, output, fileName); } }, args); } protected void endToEnd(String id, boolean expectWarn, OutputChecker outputChecks, String... args) throws IOException, UnindexableDataException { endToEnd(id, id, 0, expectWarn, outputChecks, args); } /** * Run a command line test with the given harness and results id, and check the results. * @param harnessId specifier for which input files to use * @param resultsId specifier for which result files to compare against * @param expectRc expected return code from the run * @param expectWarn if true, check the results of stderr * @param outputChecks if not null, runs checks in the given output directory * @param args additional command line arguments * @throws IOException if bad things happen * @throws UnindexableDataException if other bad things happen */ protected abstract void endToEnd(String harnessId, String resultsId, int expectRc, boolean expectWarn, OutputChecker outputChecks, String... args) throws IOException, UnindexableDataException; // For calling by the endToEnd implementation protected void checkResults(String id, int expectRc, boolean expectWarn, OutputChecker outputChecks, File output, MainResult res) throws IOException { assertEquals(res.err(), expectRc, res.rc()); if (expectWarn) { mNano.check(id + "_err.txt", res.err()); } if (outputChecks != null) { outputChecks.check(output); } } protected void checkResultFile(String id, File output, String fileName) throws IOException { final File file = new File(output, fileName); final String content = FileUtils.fileToString(file); mNano.check(id + "_out_" + fileName, VcfUtils.isVcfExtension(file) ? TestUtils.sanitizeVcfHeader(content) : TestUtils.sanitizeTsvHeader(content)); } } | Low | [
0.50592885375494,
32,
31.25
]
|
[Penetrating injuries of the abdomen. Results of two classical and selective attitudes in the management of 249 wounds]. The systematic surgical exploration of each abdominal penetrating wound allows an exact out-come of lesions and an adequate treatment without delay. But these advantages are made upon a possibly 30% negative laparotomy. The selective attitude in the management of these abdominal's wounds has permitted to decrease this rate to 5% with a risk of secondary operation for non primary detected lesions in 5%. Our attitude toward 249 penetrative abdominal's wounds was classic and selectable respectively from 86 to 89 and 90 to 93. The results has confirmed the literature's date and especially has shown no significant difference between the two attitude concerning the morbidity and the mortality. | Mid | [
0.598958333333333,
28.75,
19.25
]
|
104 P.3d 1151 (2005) 197 Or. App. 21 STATE of Oregon, Respondent, v. Hugh Michael WILLIAMS, Jr., Appellant. 0107-35081; A119910. Court of Appeals of Oregon. Argued and Submitted October 26, 2004. Decided January 12, 2005. *1152 Rankin Johnson IV, Deputy Public Defender, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the briefs were Peter A. Ozanne, Executive Director, and Peter Gartlan, Chief Defender, Office of Public Defense Services. Timothy A. Sylwester, Assistant Attorney General, argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief were Hardy Myers, Attorney General, and Mary H. Williams, Solicitor General. Before HASELTON, Presiding Judge, and LINDER and ORTEGA, Judges. HASELTON, P.J. Defendant appeals from a judgment imposing a 30-year dangerous offender sentence on a conviction for burglary in the first degree, ORS 164.225; ORS 161.725. He argues that the trial court erred in imposing the sentence based on facts not pleaded in the indictment and found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt, relying on Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. ___, 124 S.Ct. 2531, 159 L.Ed.2d 403 (2004), and Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). Specifically, he contends that the judicial factfinding that "defendant is suffering from a severe personality disorder indicating a propensity toward crimes that seriously endanger the life or safety of another," ORS 161.725, is impermissible under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, because that finding triggers the imposition of a sentence greater than the statutory maximum for the underlying crime. As explained below, we agree with defendant and remand for resentencing. In State v. Warren, 195 Or.App. 656, 667-68, 98 P.3d 1129 (2004), we held that the imposition of a 30-year dangerous offender sentence on a defendant based on a finding that the defendant suffered from a "severe personality disorder indicating a propensity toward crimes that seriously endanger the life or safety of another," ORS 161.725, violated the rule of law announced in Apprendi and Blakely that, "[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt." Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 490, 120 S.Ct. 2348. Warren controls here.[1] The state makes an additional argument in the present case that requires discussion. The state suggests that, because defendant waived his right to a jury trial, the Sixth Amendment is not implicated and Apprendi and Blakely do not control here. The state's argument is, in essence, that defendant waived his right to a jury trial on the underlying burglary charge and, therefore, necessarily also waived his right to a jury finding on whether he had a "severe personality disorder indicating a propensity toward crimes that seriously endanger the life or safety of another." ORS 161.725. We rejected a similar argument in State v. Gornick, 196 Or.App. 397, 406-08, 102 P.3d 734 (2004). In Gornick, the defendant pleaded guilty, after which he received a departure sentence based on judicial findings of fact. The state in Gornick suggested that it was possible to infer that the defendant would have waived his right to a jury trial and pled guilty even if he had been aware of the right to a jury determination of departure factors. We rejected that argument: "The state correctly notes that defendant entered a guilty plea, which ordinarily *1153 constitutes a waiver of the right to a jury trial. Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 90 S.Ct. 1463, 25 L.Ed.2d 747 (1970). However, it does not follow from the fact that defendant waived the right to have a jury determine some of the requisite facts that he necessarily waived the jury right entirely. Compare id. (stating that, because a defendant who pleads guilty `stands as a witness against himself,' a guilty plea constitutes a waiver of a Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination) with Mitchell v. United States, 526 U.S. 314, 316, 119 S.Ct. 1307, 143 L.Ed.2d 424 (1999) (holding that a defendant who pleads guilty retains the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent at a sentencing proceeding). To be valid, a waiver must be `an intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right or privilege.' Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938) (emphasis added). For defendant's guilty plea to have constituted a valid waiver of the right to have a jury determine the aggravating factors, the record must show that he intended for his plea to extend to the aggravating factors. In other words, we will not assume that defendant waived the right to have a jury determine the aggravating factors unless the record shows that he knew, first, that he had the right to have a jury determine the aggravating factors and, second, that, by pleading guilty, he was waiving that right." Gornick, 196 Or.App. at 407-08, 102 P.3d 734 (emphasis in original; footnote omitted). That reasoning applies with equal force to a situation such as this, where defendant waived the right to a jury trial on the charge of burglary. Although defendant here had a bench trial rather than pleading guilty as was the case in Gornick, the essential problem is the same: We cannot assume that defendant, by waiving a jury trial on the burglary charge, intended to waive the right to have a jury determine the facts required for imposition of an enhanced dangerous offender sentence. In particular, we note that, in this case, the record shows that defendant was unaware before trial that there was even a possibility that a dangerous offender sentence would be imposed. Thus, any implication of waiver in this case is even more attenuated than in Gornick: At the time that defendant opted for a court trial, he not only was unaware that he had a right to a jury determination of facts used to impose a dangerous offender sentence, but he also did not know of the possibility of such a sentence. We therefore reject the state's argument that, by waiving his right to a jury trial on the burglary charge, defendant implicitly waived his right to a jury determination of facts to support imposition of a dangerous offender sentence. Conviction affirmed; sentence vacated; remanded for resentencing. NOTES [1] In Warren, we also rejected the defendant's argument that facts supporting a dangerous offender sentence must be pleaded in the indictment. Warren, 195 Or.App. at 670, 98 P.3d 1129. We reject defendant's similar argument in the present case for the reasons stated in Warren. | Mid | [
0.549065420560747,
29.375,
24.125
]
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.