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Polar bear spotting and flight-seeing by helicopter: Voyage to the North Pole this summer The North Pole is the world’s northernmost point and a prize still zealously pursued by adventurers and explorers today. This one-of-a-kind adventure with Poseidon Expeditions takes guests across the frozen Arctic Ocean to the North Pole aboard the world’s most powerful icebreaker. The voyage starts in Murmansk, Russia. There, travellers embark the world’s most powerful icebreaker for a roundtrip voyage to the geographic North Pole. As they crush their way through the polar ice pack, 24-hour daylight provides continuous opportunities for polar bear spotting and flightseeing with an onboard helicopter. Having got to 90 degrees, the ship drops anchor on a sturdy stretch of ice and guests disembark onto the frozen sea to stand at the top of the world. Adventurers will literally circumambulate the globe during the International Round Dance and are then treated to a barbecue meal on the ice. Guests may even have the chance to take a plunge into the icy water. In addition to the exhilaration of cruising aboard a state-of-the-art icebreaker and the thrill of standing at the top of the world, travellers also have the opportunity to explore the rarely visited Russian Arctic archipelago of Franz Josef Land. The voyage program is complemented by Special Guest — National Geographic Photographer James Balog. James Balog is famous for his award-winning film Chasing Ice with the largest calving glacier ever captured on film. For 2018 departures, book before 28 February 2018 and save AU$3300 per person (applied to Suite categories). For 2019 departures, book with Early Booking Discount and save up to AU$3000 per person. | High | [
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The idea to use the information from protein structure to guide the design of new therapeutic agents stems from the 1950s and 1960s when the first protein structures were elucidated by X-ray crystallography \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Notably, the pioneering work of John Kendrew and Max Perutz in solving the crystal structures of myoglobin and haemoglobin explained the oxygen-carrying/storing properties of these proteins and also shed light on the molecular basis of sickle cell anaemia and at the same time on potential treatments for this disease \[[@B3]\]. Similarly, the determination of the amino acid sequence of insulin by Fred Sanger, and its three-dimensional structure by Dorothy Hodgkin, were used to engineer slowly acting synthetic insulins for the treatment of diabetes \[[@B2]\]. These ground-breaking studies exemplify how therapeutic exploitation has always been closely linked to the fundamental understanding of protein structure and function. Importantly, in addition to valuable insights into protein folds, structure-function relationships and molecular evolution, the availability of the three-dimensional structures of therapeutically relevant proteins also allowed the identification and characterisation of potential inhibitor binding sites and formed the foundation for structure-based drug design (SBDD). In the 1980s, the field rapidly evolved with biotechnology companies such as Agouron Pharmaceuticals and Molecular Discovery Ltd, respectively, pursuing structure-guided programmes aimed at inhibition of thymidylate synthase for the treatment of cancer, and inhibition of viral neuraminidase to combat influenza \[[@B1]\]. Another early and influential example of this approach was the use of the structure of HIV protease \[[@B4],[@B5]\] in the design of four FDA-approved antiviral protease inhibitors (saquinavir, nelfinavir, indinavir and ritonavir) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS \[[@B1]\]. These discoveries in turn followed earlier work on inhibitors of the aspartic protease renin, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I to regulate blood pressure, using molecular modelling based on structures of fungal pepsins \[[@B2]\]. In addition to enabling drug design, the exponential growth over the years in the number of macromolecular structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), which at the time of writing stood at 133,920 ([Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), also stimulated the development of sophisticated software packages such as GRID \[[@B6]\], LUDI \[[@B7]\], GOLD \[[@B8]\] and GLIDE \[[@B9]\] to facilitate 'docking' of inhibitors into their predicted binding sites as well as to computationally analyse inhibitor binding and inform on further enhancement. ](ebc-61-ebc20170052-g1){#F1} In the late 1990s, SBDD continued to evolve and, in particular, was a key enabler of fragment-based drug design (FBDD). This approach has its roots in computational and structural biology research from the 1980s and 1990s with key inputs from basic and applied studies in academia and at companies such Abbott Laboratories, Astex Pharmaceuticals and Vernalis \[[@B10]--[@B14]\]. As we write, FBDD has yielded over 30 clinical drug candidates and also three FDA-approved drugs in oncology: the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib, the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, and the CDK4 inhibitor ribociclib \[[@B15]\]. The main principle underlying FBDD is the efficient sampling of chemical space using small libraries of low-molecular weight (≤250 Da) compounds of low complexity \[[@B16]\], which makes it a complementary approach to the high-throughput screening of large libraries of compounds with lead-like properties including a molecular weight ≤450 Da. Importantly, the small size of fragment libraries and resulting low cost of entry has had the benefit of democratising the use of FBDD in academia and small companies. In addition, FBDD has been incorporated into the tool box of major pharma companies. Although fragments typically bind with a low potency, they form efficient interactions with the protein target and thus provide attractive starting points for inhibitor design. Nowadays, a plethora of different methods are being used to identify initial fragment hits \[[@B17]\]. They include the traditional biophysical ones such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) --- also known as thermal shift assay (TSA), and X-ray crystallography, together with more recent ones like microscale thermophoresis (MST) and mass spectrometry \[[@B16],[@B18]\]. In addition, successful fragment screens have been carried out using *in vitro* biochemical assays \[[@B19]\]. To optimise a fragment hit into a potent lead molecule, a structure-guided approach is critical. Although there are examples in which fragment hits have been optimised using a combination of biophysical and computational methods \[[@B20]\], we are unaware of FBDD campaigns that have not had some contribution from structural data during the hit-to-lead and/or lead optimisation stages of drug discovery. An area in which structural biology, and hence SBDD, has struggled for many years is that of integral membrane proteins. Generally, these are very difficult to crystallise due to their large hydrophobic areas that are embedded in the membrane and also because their structural and functional integrity is often dependent on the surrounding membrane. However, advances in sample handling, stabilisation, modification and crystallisation, combined with powerful micro-focus synchrotron beamlines, have enabled the structure elucidation of many membrane proteins, including therapeutically relevant ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and spawned subsequent SBDD and FBDD approaches for those target classes \[[@B21]\]. The first protein structures have been yielded by exciting new developments such as the X-ray free electron lasers (X-FELs), in which slurries of nanocrystals are irradiated with high-energy femtosecond X-ray pulses allowing the collection of a constructive diffraction image before destruction of the crystal \[[@B22],[@B23]\]. Moreover, simulated experiments suggest that X-ray scattering from single molecules can, in principle, be captured, which could remove the need to crystallise a protein in the future \[[@B24]\]. Parallel developments in electron microscopes, such as the Titan KRIOS, allow the determination of structures of proteins and protein complexes at near-atomic resolution by cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM). With this technique, the conformation of the protein of interest is again not constrained by a crystal lattice \[[@B25]\]. As this issue of *Essays in Biochemistry* was being finalised, we were delighted at the announcement that three pioneers of cryoEM, Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. CryoEM structure determination was originally restricted to high-molecular weight complexes (\>300 kDa), but the cryoEM structure of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 shows that structure solution for proteins and complexes smaller than 100 kDa is possible \[[@B25]\]. This achievement brings cryoEM into the realm of SBDD for targets that are not amenable to X-ray crystallography because of their size and/or flexibility. In addition, cryoEM may provide an easier way to obtain insight into the conformation of a drug target as part of a more physiological protein complex, and thus offer crucial information complementary to the inhibitor design efforts on isolated protein targets or protein domains. Indeed, the first cryoEM structures visualising bound small-molecule ligands have already been reported and include ribosome structures with bound antibiotics \[[@B26]\] and the human 20S proteasome structure with a covalently bound substrate analogue (see [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and \[[@B27]\]). It will be exciting to see how the cryoEM field can capitalise on these achievements and further develop the technology to make it more routinely applicable to lower molecular weight proteins and with throughputs for iterative use that are more consistent with the demanding timescale of a typical drug discovery project. {#F2} In this issue of *Essays in Biochemistry*, we have brought together articles that collectively provide a current overview of the field of SBDD and FBDD, and also those that offer an exciting outlook on new developments that advance and complement the current repertoire of methodologies, and are applicable to target classes that are currently not amenable to current approaches. The issue kicks off with a contribution from Martin Noble and Jane Endicott \[[@B28]\] who describe the use of protein structural data in understanding and interfering with the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), as examples of a target class that has benefited greatly from structure-based approaches. Other recent examples include highly potent inhibitors of CDKs 8 and 19 which were enabled by SBDD ([Figure 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), and that progressed to drug candidates and chemical probes that have seriously questioned the therapeutic window with such agents \[[@B29],[@B30]\]. {#F3} Rod Hubbard and Bas Lamoree \[[@B31]\] then provide a valuable overview of FBDD in which they describe the initial development of methods and ideas in FBDD and give an overview of the current practice and new advances in this field. Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan et al. \[[@B32]\] describe the use of different mass spectrometry methods in fragment screening and contrast these with the commonly used biophysical methods in FBDD. Amanda Price, Steven Howard and Benjamin Cons \[[@B33]\] present a detailed example of how a fragment-based approach can be applied to difficult targets such as the KEAP1/NRF2 protein-protein interaction. Marta Carneiro et al. \[[@B34]\] discuss the valuable contribution that NMR spectroscopy can make to SBDD campaigns and highlight new developments in protein-observed and paramagnetic NMR methods. Anthony Bradley, Frank von Delft, Chas Bountra and colleagues \[[@B35]\] describe the innovative role that the Structural Genomics Consortium can play in an era where such an abundance of genomics data can present challenges in terms of translation into bespoke drug discovery efforts on novel targets. They also discuss the application of rapid crystallographic fragment screening using the XChem facility at the Diamond Light Source, which has the potential to quickly assess the 'ligandability' of a target, and they touch on the importance of structural data in the design of high-quality chemical probes or tool compounds. Furthermore, they describe their concept of the Target Enabling Package (TEP) that provides the research community, via provision of reagents, assays and data, with what they call the often missing link between genetic disease linkage and the development of usefully potent ligands. In separate contributions, Tom Heightman \[[@B36]\] and Alessio Ciulli \[[@B37]\], together with their respective co-authors, describe the novel PROTAC approach in drug discovery, which is based on VHL (Von Hippel--Lindau)- or cereblon-mediated proteasomal degradation of therapeutics targets, for which structural biology has delivered invaluable insights. Robert Cheng, Rafael Abela and Michael Hennig \[[@B38]\] provide an exciting insight in how the power of X-ray free electron lasers (X-FELs) can be harnessed to study membrane protein such as GPCRs. Finally, and very appropriately in view of the recently awarded Nobel Prize mentioned above, Andreas Boland, Leifu Chang and David Barford \[[@B39]\] provide an overview of the current status of cryoEM and offer an insight into the promise and challenges of its application in drug discovery. Structure-based design is important not only in attaining the goal of discovering drugs that progress to the clinic and regulatory approval for patient benefit, but also in the search for potent, selective and cell-permeant chemical probes that can be used with confidence to explore the mechanistic biology of healthy and diseased cells. Alongside genetic approaches such as RNA interference and CRISPR, such chemical probes can help to validate in a robust way the molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in advance of long and expensive drug-discovery campaigns. Previous reviews have set out both the "promise and perils" of chemical probes \[[@B40]--[@B43]\]. Structural biology approaches can help to achieve high levels of potency and selectivity. Moreover, Kevan Shokat has recently stressed the importance, when assessing a new chemical probe (or drug), of the availability of a co-crystal structure demonstrating binding to the target protein and of seeing proof that the activity can be enhanced in a manner that is consistent with the structural model \[[@B44]\]. A recent perspective has emphasized the use and abuse of chemical probes in exploring biology and validating targets for cancer therapy, emphasized the importance of selectivity as part of best practice and stressed the danger to research integrity of using poor quality chemical tools \[[@B45]\]. In addition, on the subject of research integrity, to continue to reliably exploit the rapidly increasing wealth of structural data, as a scientific community, we will have to ensure that the structures that are deposited in public databases such as the PDB are of the highest possible quality. It is worrying that despite the availability of sophisticated crystallographic hardware, data processing and structure refinement software, combined with the current high-quality structure validation tools, we notice an increase in the number of publicly available structures that have been poorly refined, or for which the interpretation borders on wishful thinking. We believe that this originates from a lack of training and/or supervision in the computational and mathematical aspects of structural biology and a limited understanding of protein stereochemistry. A rigorous understanding of crystallographic analyses and crystal structure quality within the scientific community remains critical in appreciating and assessing the value of the structural data deposited in the PDB. The same rigour should be applied to cryoEM structures, many of which are currently determined at resolutions between 5 and 3 Å, a range in which macromolecular structures are relatively poorly defined and ligands often only just about visible. Combined with the fall-off in resolution between the core and the more peripheral parts of cryoEM structures, researchers will have to be extremely careful in the modelling of macromolecular interaction partners and allosteric inhibitors binding to the surface of the studied complex. We argue that the tradition of scientific rigour within the structural biology community should also extend to biophysical data, especially to complicated but heavily used techniques such as SPR and NMR. For example, a recent investigation by our colleagues into what, based on SPR data, was claimed to be a nanomolar inhibitor of the HSP70 molecular chaperone revealed a non-specific mode of action due to aggregate formation \[[@B46]\]. As scientists we are the guardians of our data --- whether this is structural, biophysical, a chemical tool, or any other type of data --- and we should remind ourselves of the spirit of the seminal Kleywegt and Jones paper on structure quality \[[@B47]\] and avoid the situation where freedom being given leads to liberties being taken. The important role that SBDD has taken in modern drug discovery of chemical probes and drugs is exemplified by the increasing trend in some organizations, including our own, to bring together within single unified groups or departments the key related technologies of protein production, biochemical assay development, biophysical assays and X-ray crystallography --- in order to maximize the efficiencies in the design and use of protein constructs, and synergies between protein structure and function. We hope that our selection of articles will serve to educate non-expert readers who are looking to gain a sense of the current status and future prospects of structure-based approaches to discovering new drugs and chemical probes, and at the same time prove to be of interest to the aficionados in the field. It should always be remembered that potency and selectivity are not the only essential properties of drugs. The drive towards these key features must be coupled of course to optimising within the same molecule other critical properties such as selectivity, cell permeability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties --- a challenge that requires some compromises on particular individual features. Nevertheless, we hope that readers will be convinced that by aiming for, and often achieving through the approaches discussed here, a sufficiently close-to-perfect fit for the desired target, the application of structure-based approaches will allow us to further accelerate and enhance the discovery of chemical probes for mechanistic investigations and drugs for patient benefit. Funding {#sec1} ======= We thank Cancer Research UK for core support (Programme Grant C2739/A22897) and other funders for supporting our research. P.W. is a Cancer Research Life Fellow. We thank many colleagues and collaborators for helpful discussions and are grateful to Ed Morris for providing the cryoEM figure of the 20S proteasome and Yann-Vaï le Bihan for critically reading the manuscript. We thank Yvonne Harman and Cerian Jones for excellent administrative support. Competing Interests {#sec2} =================== The authors are employees of The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) which has research collaborations with a range of commercial partners for which employees as well as ICR may benefit. R.v.M. is a former employee of Astex Pharmaceuticals and P.W. is a former employee of AstraZeneca. | High | [
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FALSTAFF — My whole charge consists of slaves as ragged as Lazarus, and such as indeed were never soldiers, but discarded serving-men and revolted tapsters. No eye hath seen such scarecrows. Nay and the villains march wide between the legs, as if they had fetters on; for, indeed, I had the most of them out of prison. — Shakespeare, slightly varied. | Low | [
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An explanation of how and why healthy eating and regular exercise can reduce the risk of cancer. There is plenty of evidence now to support this. The article contains a number of links to resource sheets and brochures on the subjects. | High | [
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#ifndef FWCore_Utilities_TypeID_h #define FWCore_Utilities_TypeID_h /*---------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeID: A unique identifier for a C++ type. The identifier is unique within an entire program, but can not be persisted across invocations of the program. ----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include <iosfwd> #include <typeinfo> #include <string> #include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/TypeIDBase.h" namespace edm { bool stripTemplate(std::string& theName); std::string stripNamespace(std::string const& theName); class TypeID : private TypeIDBase { public: TypeID() : TypeIDBase() {} explicit TypeID(std::type_info const& t) : TypeIDBase(t) {} template <typename T> explicit TypeID(T const& t) : TypeIDBase(typeid(t)) {} // Print out the name of the type, using the dictionary class name. void print(std::ostream& os) const; std::string const& className() const; std::string userClassName() const; std::string friendlyClassName() const; explicit operator bool() const; using TypeIDBase::name; bool operator<(TypeID const& b) const { return this->TypeIDBase::operator<(b); } bool operator==(TypeID const& b) const { return this->TypeIDBase::operator==(b); } using TypeIDBase::typeInfo; private: }; inline bool operator>(TypeID const& a, TypeID const& b) { return b < a; } inline bool operator!=(TypeID const& a, TypeID const& b) { return !(a == b); } std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, TypeID const& id); } // namespace edm #endif | Mid | [
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Maybe… The Nationals have invited several curious and interesting names to spring training this season, and some of the biggest names are in the infield. This week, we’ll look at some prospective players, and the void left at 1B until Nick Johnson returns. If you read last week’s column, there should be no surprise in the excitement of our first prospective National (nobody will be called a Nat here) listed below: Ronnie Belliard Let’s get one thing straight.Just because he was a World Series champ in 2006 doesn’t necessarily mean he’s good.Tony Womack, mortal enemy of good statistical sense in recent years, was another second baseman that left the National League (not World) Champion St. Louis team in recent years.By that same token, just because Belliard is an ex-Cardinal 2B, does not mean he is Tony Womack, either.In fact, despite a rough second half of last season, he is not a bad hitting 2B.His .272/.338/.411 career splits are pretty accurate to what would be expected from him…The Bill James Handbook predicts him at .270/.330/.410 next season.Not exactly among the premier middle infielder’s of the league, but nothing debilitating either. The most important thing about Ronnie Belliard is that he would allow Lopez to play his natural position of Shortstop, and Guzman to play his natural position of not-playing-a-position.His numbers may not overwhelm, but they aren’t bad.His numbers last year put him just out of the top 20 in VORP and EqA (Equivalent Average- a sort of batting average that takes in all offensive stats including power – something to go over another time).But this includes a terrible time with the Cardinals, where he had an extended bad streak after being traded last season.This shouldn’t scare anyone too much, Belliard has always been streaky – inconsistency with the bat and the glove is his calling card – so this is most likely not an indicator of future progress.Rather, it is a reminder that some stretches are going to be downright awful with him.More importantly, in very recent memory (2004 and 2005 with the Indians) he ranked as the #8 and #12 2B in MLB in terms of VORP. Ron’s .237/.293/.371 Aug/Sept with the Cards doesn’t seem any worse than what Guzman has to offer.So basically a bad month for Belliard is a normal month for Guzman.Belliard and Lopez makes for an above average hitting middle infield, guys that can do a decent job of getting on base, and could put up a combined 25-30 home runs.To put that in context, Jeter and Cano combined for 29 last season, albeit with higher averages. What could be really scary for fans and enticing for RFK hot dog vendors is that if Lopez gets hurt, Belliard and Guzman could combine to form the pudgiest middle infield in the history of the game, possibly only the addition of Deivi Cruz at third base could make it any funnier.Regardless, even if he has an awful spring training, that Nationals would be wise to give Belliard a few months to prove he can still hit, because it beats the alternative. The way the club uses him could be a good litmus test to their commitement to winning THIS season, or at least valiantly trying to, even if its a lost cause. If Guzman’s in there, you’ll know they are only building and they don’t care if you’d like them to win a game this season. First base is wide open… Unless you followed that Nats at the end of a dismal season last year, you might not know that Nick Johnson has a broken leg thanks to a crash into Austin Kearns.The latest from rotoworld.com (a great fantasy resource, by the way) says: Nationals team doctor Ben Shaffer … originally thought Johnson would be ready for spring training, but he’s been proven wrong and he’s now acknowledging that Johnson is a slow healer… “Is it possible the fracture could be healed enough for him to really start pushing it in April? Yes, it’s possible. Could it be May, or as he put it, June? Yes.” In other words… yikes.Unfortunately that means someone else will be starting at 1B for a month or more.Who is going to fill that role? Well, it looks that some of the likely candidates include Robert Fick, gloveman Travis Lee, Dmitri Young aka Da Meat Hook (awesome, I didn’t make that up), and Tony “did you really just say Tony Batista?” Batista. So here goes nothing: Travis Lee Travis Lee, to put it simply, is perhaps weakest hitting starting 1B in MLB over the last few years.His power is minimal, his average is bad, and other than being able to walk, he impresses nobody at the plate.But he can field. He is known as a great fielding first baseman, perhaps the best in the league.Without getting too much into it, first base is a hitter’s position. Period.Not enough fielding happens there to make up for lack of plate production.Corner outfield and corner infield positions must have hitters or your team is at a disadvantage.For anyone who points to a team with a great hitting shortstop and says “well, you make up for it there”… you don’t get the point.Any good hitter can play first base, with a little effort.So if a team plays a bad hitter there and a good hitter at SS, they are effectively losing the advantage over other teams of having a good hitting SS.Their monster SS doesn’t make them better than the competition, it makes them just as good, until they get good hitters at other positions.Teams settle for lack of hitting at 2B, SS, and C especially, because so much of the defense runs through those positions.But a lack of hitting in RF or 1B is just a waste of a roster spot.Last year Lee hit .224/.312/.364.That slugging percentage places him LAST on the list of first basemen with more than 250 plate appearances.He has TOTALED 23 HRs in the last 2 seasons.He is NOT the answer. Robert Fick Fick is another light hitting 1B, like Lee is over 30, and like Lee never really hit with much power for his position.Can he field? Who cares, he plays FIRST BASE! Didn’t you read the paragraph before?If a statue could hit 30+ HRs in a season, he is a viable 1B.In fact, Jason Giambi IS a statue that has played plenty of games at first, adding many many more wins than losses for his team. Fick is a little better at getting base hits than Lee, a little worse at hitting home runs.Fick has the ability to play catcher, however, so if you’re gonna take one light hitter, you might as well get a third catcher on your roster. Dmitri Young Everyone should be excited that the Nationals signed this man just for his nickname.Young had a horrific season with Detroit last year, but outside of that, he’s a decent hitter.His career splits are .289/.346/.476, all of which are pretty good.A little more power would be nice, but it’s the old “beggar’s can’t be choosers” adage here.This may have been the best hitter available, the Nats did good to try him out.Baseball Prospectus predicts him to hit .265/.322/.458 but if last year was just an injury riddled disaster and not a predictor, 2005’s .271/.325/.471 is likely (Bill James Handbook predicts .274/.334/.463), and would be welcome compared with most other options.Young is not very athletic though, he’s slow and he’s not a good fielder. And he makes Belliard look trim. The addition of Young and Belliard should put fear in the hearts of those responsible for catering the Nats locker room. Anyway, players like that don’t always age well, and Da Meat Hook will be 33 this season.But he should have a few more years of effectiveness, and the Nats could use his bat much more than Fick’s or Lee’s glove. Tony Batista The Nats obviously are not looking at him as a 3B to take Zimm’s spot, they are just looking for someone to hit at 1B. Batista is known for his power and horrendous batting average. He has had a few impressive seasons, 1999 and 2000 he slugged over .500, although his career numbers are not great (.251/.298/.455).Other than those years, his OPS is usually well below league average, and that average includes everyone except pitchers.If he could come in, bat .240 and hit 32 home runs like he did for the Canadian Nationals in 2004, he’d be somewhat intriguing.But he was out of MLB in 2005, and he was on the Twins, but sucked, in 2006.And he is not Adam Dunn, who batted .234 and hit 40 HRs last season.That is because Dunn still had an OBP of .365, something Batista won’t do.The same amount of HRs is very different from these 2 players, in terms of overall affect on the team over the course of the season.Statistically Dunn is not a liability, but Batista could be very easily.He is worth taking a look at, but at 33 and fading fast since 2002, don’t expect much here. Larry Broadway Larry is the wild card in the first base equation, and with the Yankees looking for someone to play here, don’t the newspaper headline writers wish he was playing in New York. Luckily, he is with Washington, so there will be no “Broadway hits Broadway” headlines when he plays for them (or gets punched by the street). Speaking of the Yankees, Broadway may be the new Andy Phillips.Fans think he’s young and ready to develop… but he’s not.He is 26, a little old to have never played in the majors, unless Jim Thome is blocking your path.He spent last year in triple-A and slugged an adequate .468, with 15 HRs… RFK is not going to be kind to him. He hit .293, so he can rake the ball and if he could do that in the majors it would be all bad (Power is important but Wade Boggs was a great hitter in a power position who hit more than 10 HRs only twice, but still finished in the top 10 in OPS 7 times). But the scariest number is 116 – the number of strikeouts he had. He only had 499 PAs, so basically he strikes out every fifth AB, a little bit scary.All that being said, he deserves a real shot in spring training.As with Guzman, they know what Lee and Fick will do in the majors, might as well see if Broadway can do any better. In summation, it appears that statistically speaking, the best bets are Dmitri Young, assuming he isn’t in the process of decomposing, and Larry Broadway just to see what he can do.Other than that, they might as well just pray for Nick’s speedy recovery. Next week, we’ll try to take a look at the pitching staff, that being Cordero and Patterson.Apparently other teams carry more than two pitchers, but it may not be in Washington’s best interest. And please send comments in, we’d love to hear your thoughts. Post a comment or e-mail us at [email protected] As this is the first column in The Nationals Review, a bit of introduction is in order.The point of this is to give statistical analysis of the Washington Nationals based on numbers, historical trends, and other concrete pieces of evidence of how a player could perform. Rather than going on about the usefulness of a player’s stats over his charm and personality to judge how many wins his team will end up, for now, it may be best to just get down to business and figure out what to look for this season with the Nationals. Spring training is just beginning, and there is plenty of time to look at what needs to be changed, how players compare to others and all of those critical analyses that hopefully you will come to expect from this page.But for now, perhaps its best to start with who is going to be on this team and how they have performed in the past.This week, the view is of the infield, as there appears to be no questions about who is going to be starting where. Ryan Zimmerman The only potential superstar on this team may not find his way to an All Star game for a few years thanks to Rolen, Wright, and Cabrera. And he may not win a Gold Glove until Rolen retires, but he still looks to be among the NL’s best third basemen in the next few years.Statistically speaking, his value last season was most likely overrated by most fans.His splits of .287/.351/.471 (Average/On Base/Slugging), while nothing to discount, are a little weak in the power department.Compared to other corner infielders, he needs some more weight behind his bat. According to Baseball Prospectus, his VORP (value over replacement player – a complex formula we’ll go into another time that tells how many runs a player is worth to his team over Johnny Stand-in from AAA) was 26.9 last season – in comparison David Wright’s was 54.3 and Miguel Cabrera’s was 78.7. Zimmerman was much closer to ORLANDO Cabrera’s 29.5.But David and Miguel are exceptional hitters -Zimmerman is ahead of Edwin Encarnacion, Morgan Ensberg, Joe Crede, among other young, talented 3rd basemen.Also, he is 5th among all rookies in VORP, which is more than just a footnote. It must be remembered Zimmerman is a 21 year old rookie, and the full extent power is most likely yet to develop. If he was 27, there may be concern that this is all the power we’d see out of him, and he’d be a relatively (although not terribly) light hitting third baseman who at least has a good ability to REACH base.But he is only 21, and with age should come power.And with power comes responsibility.Zimmerman will probably never mash 50 in a season – he doesn’t have the swing for it.But 30 HRs a season is not far off, and taking into consideration that he is likely be a .300+ hitter, was called by Baseball America “a once in a generation fielder”, and is just old enough to order a beer (because they don’t drink at UVa unless you’re 21, right?), the Nationals are set at this position for a long time. Nick Johnson Let’s remember that the oft-injured first baseman is, not surprisingly, injured.After a brutal collision with his buddy Austin “Danger” Kearns last season, Nick once again hurt himself.For the purpose of this exercise, let’s assume he’s not hurt and will be back at full strength at the beginning of the season.There’s a very good chance that this will not be the case.There may suffering through the light hitting (but excellent fielding) Travis Lee as he gobbles up outs on the offensive side and presumably a few on the defensive side as well (although not enough gets hit there to make a full meal for him on that end) for a month or more.But pretending that isn’t the case, Nick Johnson is a fine first baseman.He is no Albert Pujols, his name isn’t nearly as funny and his bat pales in comparison.But his numbers were impressive nonetheless at .290/.428/.520.This put him #4 in the NL for OBP, and top 10 in OPS (on-base plus slugging, a very crude offensive indicator poo-pooed by many sabermetricians, but easy enough to understand that this column in turn mocks them for ignoring it).The injury won’t cost him any speed, because one cannot lose what one does not have.Also positive – his righty/lefty splits have improved over the last few years.Perhaps he makes an adjustment against lefties, because although his power diminishes when facing them, his average actually improves.Assuming the 2006 Nick is the one we’ll see for at least the next 3 or 4 years, which is not unlikely, the Nationals have a formidable corner infield pair.In fact, while Johnson will never (much like Zimm) hit with enough power to be the most prolific first baseman in the league, his numbers belie his effectiveness and he may be able to stake the claim of most underrated.For comparison’s sake, Johnson’s VORP last year was 51.0. Felipe Lopez A valuable trade made by Jim Bowden? Say it aint so! Washington unloaded very little of value (unless Majewski can prove his 2005 wasn’t a fluke) to get two young veterans in Kearns and Lopez.This is a great way to build a team’s core, with guys under 30 who have been in the league for five years already.Lopez’s career stats don’t look impressive, even for a middle infielder, but he spent his first few seasons getting his sea legs.2005 when his VORP was 45.8 (its helps to play SS), he slugged .486 which was probably a park effect/lucky influence number.But last year’s .274/.351/.381 wasn’t bad.RFK clearly had an affect on his power so one hope that will improve a little as his comfort does.Regardless, he can get on base, which would make him a great leadoff hitter – getting on being much more important than being fast.You can’t steal if you don’t ever reach base (we’re looking at you, Mr. Womack).But Lopez shocked the world by stealing 44 bases last year, so it appears he’s got the speed, too.His average dropped last year but his OBP went up, showing he’s developing some more patience or a better eye.This is a less statistically proven advantage to this as well.The more pitches he sees at the very beginning of the game, the more pitches guys like Johnson and Zimmerman get to see before they bat.A subtle but useful thing to have in front of you, if you ask most players. Brian Schneider Schneider followed up an impressive 2005 campaign with an atrocious 2006 season.Not to dwell too much on power, but his slugging dropped from .400 to a paltry .320 last year.This doesn’t cut it, even for an NL catcher playing in the grand canyon for 81 games a year.Harkening back to VORP, Schneider’s was -4.9 last year, meaning anyone with pads may have done better.If he doesn’t come back in a big way, the Nationals may need to find other options here.Not that they currently seem to have any in the farm system.Schneider has had some very good seasons in the past, and he isn’t yet old, even for a catcher.If his ability to handle a pitching staff is a plus, it better be a big plus, because if his hitting doesn’t improve, you’ll probably see some mid-season auditions behind the plate. Christian Guzman What can be said about Christian Guzman without using a string of expletives? Signed to one of the worst deals in recent memory (although some of this winter’s deals may eventually cause us to change perspective), Guzman is entitled to 2 more years – so the Nats are gonna play him.Baseball executives need to be sat down and thoroughly explained the concept of a “sunk cost”.A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and which cannot be recovered.Once you pay for something, it is paid for.No amount of success or return on your dollar makes it unpaid for.Even if Guzman hits .400 and they sell out every game, he won’t GIVE BACK any of his pay, those revenues are earned separately.So you can then look at the asset in a vacuum and decide whether it is worth using.Guzman is clearly not.He has no power, doesn’t walk, doesn’t steal anymore (except maybe pastries) and needs to hit over .300 to be even a mediocre hitter.One a flashy fielder, 2005’s season showed he may not even be good at that.In 2005, according to Baseball Prospectus, his performance hurt his team more than any position player other than Corey Patterson (who hit .215 in a much more bat friendly position), putting him lower than such luminaries as Tony Womack (the reason the Yankees decided to start playing rookies) and Miguel Olivo (a catcher who hit .151).There is no redemption here.It is only causing Lopez to play out of position and making almost an automatic out every 9 ABs.The question here is what’s in the farm system? And the answer is – it doesn’t matter, anything is better.Because the definitely terrible player that you know is always worse than the possibly terrible player you don’t.If anyone is available, they should see what he can do, because there is little use in allowing Guzman to show off what he can’t.They’re not yelling “Gooz”, they’re actually just booing. Until Next Week The Nats recently signed Dmitri Young and Tony Batista to minor league deals.Neither of these breeds true excitement, but we’ll take a look at them in the near future to see if either should pay off.Next week, we’ll try to tackle what’s set in terms of pitching.Since one can only say so much about John Patterson and Chad Cordero, there may be some players fighting for spots included as well. Welcome to the Nationals Review! This blog is an attempt to create an unbiased perspective on the Washington Nationals, and their players. We will try to show what is going on with this team through statistical analysis, and try to keep our emotions in check. This website is inspired by the excellent work of Steven Goldman in The Pinstriped Bible, and we will try to pattern our unbiased review after his excellent coverage of the Yankees. We are by no means endorsed by Mr. Goldman (yet) but we hope he will enjoy reading this column. More importantly, we hope that Nationals fans will enjoy a fresh perspective on a team that does not get enough coverage. | Mid | [
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Darryl Kyte Darryl Kyte is a lawyer, writer, producer and television personality in Canada. Kyte hosted the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's International Emmy and Gemini award winning show Street Cents and has worked as a journalist and producer for a number of other CBC news television programs. Early life and education Born in Toronto, Ontario, Kyte attended Leaside High School. Kyte holds honors journalism and economics degrees from the University of King's College and Dalhousie University and a law degree from the Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University. Career Kyte began working with Street Cents in 2000 appearing as 'Darryl the intern' on multiple episodes. In 2001 Kyte became a Street Cents host a position he held for four seasons. Kyte’s co-host Kim D'Eon (2000–2003) appeared on Entertainment Tonight Canada. Kyte’s other co-hosts Alison Dixon (2003–2005) is currently a medical doctor and Connie Walker (2001–2004) continues to work with the CBC. Kyte has worked around the world as a writer, reporter and producer for CBC’s the National, various regional newscasts and CBC Sports. Kyte has also taken part in a number of independent television programs including That News Show on TVtropolis and international health and medical media Freddie Award winning video P.A.R.T.Y. Kyte articled and practiced at one of North America’s top music law firms. References Category:Living people Category:Canadian lawyers Category:Schulich School of Law alumni Category:Dalhousie University alumni Category:People from Toronto Category:University of King's College alumni Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | High | [
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Stranded in a rented Cypriot holiday villa while she waits to hear her fate, it has been a grim week for the British girl at the centre of the Ayia Napa gang rape case. Convicted of making up a claim that she was brutally assaulted by 12 Israeli teenagers in July last year, the 19-year-old from Derbyshire must wait until next week to find out if the Cypriot courts will send her to prison, or whether — finally — she will be allowed to return home to her family. But amid widespread outrage at her conviction — not least from the Foreign Office which describes her case as ‘deeply distressing’ — comes a glimmer of hope from the unlikeliest quarter. In Israel, where public opinion initially swung behind the 12 teenage boys accused of sexually assaulting the British girl at a down-at-heel Ayia Napa hotel, sympathy for their plight is rapidly running out. No longer viewed as a group of wronged innocents, there has been an outpouring of revulsion at the part this group of boys — aged between 16 and 19 — played in the deeply disturbing events that took place in room 723 that night. Three of them readily admit that they had sex with the then 18-year-old British teen. Others admit watching and filming the revolting spectacle on their phones. An Israeli teenager is embraced by relatives after being released from Famagusta police headquarters in southeast town of Paralimni, Cyprus. But public opinion has now turned against the teenagers Stranded in a rented Cypriot holiday villa while she waits to hear her fate, it has been a grim week for the British girl at the centre of the Ayia Napa gang rape case (she is pictured leaving court on Monday) One even appeared on national TV, describing the events of that night with the cavalier air of a youngster recalling a trip to a holiday theme park, provoking revulsion and shame among audiences. What is rapidly becoming clear is that, consent or no consent, these boys behaved like a pack of feral animals, dragging Israel’s reputation into the mire. And for a country where religion and family play a central role in shaping culture and lifestyle, that is unforgivable. This week, two of Israel’s top celebrity journalists, Guy Meroz and Orly Vilnai — the Richard and Judy of Tel Aviv — described how they’d travelled to Cyprus and interviewed the British girl many times and are convinced she is telling the truth. ‘She was raped without question,’ Orly told viewers yesterday. ‘We are both convinced she was physically raped. We met a wonderful young woman whose trauma was loud and clear in almost all her behaviour. She bites her fingernails, at times she “gets stuck” and goes into a world from which she needs to be woken up.’ Another scathing editorial in the Jerusalem Post sums it up: ‘There should be reflection over the depths to which Israeli society has plummeted, where it’s seen as perfectly normal behaviour — spurred by this alarming era of widespread, easy-access online pornography — for several friends to share a sexual partner, film the proceedings and then share the video with others.’ Some of the Israeli men who were initially accused of rape are seen arriving in court on July 25. The woman's family say police protected them and treated her as a criminal from the start Mother tells of how her daughter was raped in Cyprus and made to retract her statement in case that bears striking similarities to British student who claims to have been gang-raped A mother has told how her daughter was raped in Cyprus and made to retract her statement in a case that bears striking similarities to the British student who claims to have been gang-raped. The woman, who identified herself as Helen from Milton Keynes, said her daughter Sarah was raped while on holiday at the age of 20. But she ended up going to prison for ‘wasting police time’ after she was persuaded to withdraw her statement. Her alleged rapist was allowed to go home following the assault 15 years ago. Helen told Radio 2: ‘Sarah was raped and went to report it to police. She went with the holiday rep, the police took a statement and then they took her down to the hospital. ‘They managed to find the rapist and questioned him at length and at one point he was actually even brought into the room that she was in. ‘She begged for them to take him away but they left him in the room with her, with a policeman in the corner, and he was begging and saying how sorry he was and he’d got carried away. The police heard all this, but they decided it was my daughter that was lying – not him.’ Helen said she flew out to Cyprus as soon as Sarah’s friends told her what had happened. ‘We got legal support, although looking back on it and with hindsight, I think the Cyprus legal system is as corrupt as the police.’ By Emine Sinmaz for the Daily Mail Advertisement In the Tel Aviv newspaper Haaretz, columnist Shany Littman goes further, likening the decision to convict the British teen to the plot of the Netflix series Unbelievable, which is based on the true story of a rape victim who recants her claim after being threatened with legal action by suspicious detectives. Closer to home, Jewish Chronicle columnist Miriam Shaviv described the group as ‘scumbags who treated a woman like a piece of meat’. What a contrast to the heroes’ welcome given to the 12 Israeli teenagers last July when they were released from custody in Cyprus and flew home to their families. Amid hugely distasteful scenes at Ben-Gurion Airport, some were filmed, wearing traditional kippah caps, cracking open bottles of champagne and chanting ‘the Brit is a wh**e’. Concerns have been raised too that the accused teenagers’ families have connections with the Israeli establishment which, in turn, has close strategic and commercial ties to the government in Nicosia. The father of one of the boys is a close adviser to Moshe Leon, the mayor of Jerusalem. The Israeli minister for ‘regional co-operation’ has said that he too is close friends with the parents of two of the boys. On Thursday, just days after the teen’s guilty verdict was delivered, the leaders of Cyprus and Israel met to sign a billion-dollar gas ‘EastMed’ pipeline deal in Athens, further emphasising their close ties. Cypriot police have already been forced to deny claims that they dragged the retraction out of the teenager because they were under pressure to protect Cyprus’s multi-billion pound tourism industry and its good relations with Israel. Yet the origins of this unsavoury tale, which has reached the highest echelons of government, started innocently. Playing a central role was a 17-year-old professional footballer, who, in photos seen by the Mail, packs a set of abdominal muscles as ripped as his designer jeans. He’d checked into the 40-euros-a-night Pambos Napa Rocks hotel with two friends last July. There he met the then 18-year-old British girl, who arrived at the non-stop party resort on July 10 on a package holiday combining tourism and bar work. Photos of her, which have leaked onto the internet, show an equally attractive young girl. Initially at least, they must have made an impressive pair. In Israel, where public opinion initially swung behind the 12 teenage boys accused of sexually assaulting the British girl at a down-at-heel Ayia Napa hotel, sympathy for their plight is rapidly running out The woman accused 12 Israeli men of raping her in August but later recanted the accusation, which she says she was pressured to do by police. The men (pictured hear arriving at a court in July) have already been freed Doctor who treated British teenager convicted of making up rape claims against Israeli men in Cyprus says he 'believed' the 19-year-old after he saw her 'crying and screaming' A doctor who reported the alleged Cyprus gang rape to police said he ‘believed’ the British teenager after he saw her ‘crying and screaming’. The woman – who is facing jail on Tuesday after being convicted of making up the assault – insists she was held down and raped by 12 Israeli youths at a budget hotel in Ayia Napa in July. But ten days later she was hauled back in for questioning without a lawyer, and says police forced her to sign a fake retraction and charged her with causing ‘public mischief’. Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab yesterday intervened after the 19-year-old pleaded for help because she was ‘running out of time’. Sources say Mr Raab called the Cypriot foreign minister to outline the UK’s ‘serious concerns’ over the fairness of the young woman’s shambolic five-month court case, during which the judge branded her a ‘liar’ and said she made up the rape in revenge for being filmed without her consent. Cypriot doctor Sergios Sergiou, who was one of the first people to see the young woman in the moments after the incident, said he felt she was telling the truth, adding that she was so distraught she passed out. In the early hours of July 17, the teenager was taken to the Santa Marina clinic which is adjacent to the two-star Pambos Napa Rocks hotel where the alleged attack took place. Her friend had taken her to the doctor when she found her ‘distraught’ and terrified that the ‘Israeli boys were coming for her’ after she managed to escape the room. Dr Sergiou said: ‘She was very stressed and having a panic attack. She was crying and screaming and her friends said to me some guys had raped her. ‘I asked her (what happened) but she did not speak to me. She was crying and she said, “I don’t want men next to me”. When I went to check her and see if she’s okay, she said to me, “go away from me”. That’s when I called the police because at the time it’s not something I could treat.’ Asked if he believed she was attacked, he told Israeli TV: ‘Yes, I thought that something happened. Usually if something is fake they are not calling their parents to inform them. But she was calling her parents.’ It came as the husband-and-wife film-making team of Orly Vilnai and Guy Meroz said they also believed the teenager after interviewing her and her mother. Miss Vilnai told Walla News: ‘I identified strongly when her mother told about a regular morning in a town in northern England, when she went to work, and... suddenly her daughter called and said, “Mother, I have been gang-raped”. And suddenly the sky had fallen, and that’s it, life would never go back to the way it was.’ Mr Meroz said the young woman was so traumatised that she ‘chewed the skin on her fingers’ constantly during their interview but still tried to ‘shield’ her mother from the full details. The couple asked the teenager and her mother how they had endured the gruelling case. Miss Vilnai said: ‘They both said the same thing. The girl said, “I have to protect my mother so she feels I’m okay”. And the mother said, “I am keeping a calm exterior so my daughter feels okay”. They are both very much protecting each other.’ UK tour operator Summer Takeover – which the teenager booked her holiday with – said last night it would no longer operate in Ayia Napa. By Inderdeep Bains for the Daily Mail Advertisement Their courtship — several days before the incident — seems almost sweet; a three-way conversation facilitated by a friend of the boy who translated back and forth between Hebrew and English. They began exchanging messages via Instagram. In one he says: ‘Good morning my love’ before adding ‘Let’s hang out a bit’. The teen replies: ‘Yeah maybe where you tonight’. Later she messages to say that she has spotted him on the balcony. He asks: ‘So why did not you come up to me?’, adding several hours later, ‘Come to me in the evening’. Undoubtedly, neither considered that what would happen there would wreck lives and mark the beginning of a legal and diplomatic scandal of international proportions. The British teenager has never denied that the sex she had with the boy she had been messaging was initially consensual. It was on a visit to his room on another night, three days later, however, that she claims his drunken friends burst in and took it in turns to sexually assault her while holding her down. According to her original account of the attack: ‘I told them they had to go. My boyfriend told me to lie on the bed and . . . put his knees on my shoulders. There was a lot of shouting in Hebrew. I couldn’t breathe. I tried to throw my head about and his friends were coming in all shouting and jeering. I tried to cross my legs. I was trying to throw my arms about. I don’t know how many of them raped me. I couldn’t see.’ A grainy sex recording from the night of the alleged attack was also leaked to the Israeli media. It reportedly shows one Israeli telling the girl in Hebrew, ‘You’re my wh**e. Say you’re my wh**e.’ When she asks what he is saying, another boy replies: ‘We are saying you’re sexy.’ The teen, who fled in tears, was taken to a 24-hour clinic next door to the hotel and the police were called. A friend who was with her that night subsequently told the Mail: ‘She was in tears and just so distressed. She said they took it in turns and it was all of them. They held her down. When I saw her she was covered with bruises.’ The boyfriend was arrested just hours later. According to the initial police report, he initially denied any kind of sexual relationship, before admitting that he and a friend had indeed had sex with a British girl. Later, he changed his story again, admitting that the ‘consensual’ sex he and his friend had with the girl had been watched by others. A witness also claimed to have earlier overheard the Israeli teens bragging they were going to ‘do orgies’ with her. Within hours, the 12 Israeli teens had been arrested. Three of them admitted sexual activity with the girl but said it was consensual. Others were tied to the scene by DNA evidence or footage of the incident on their phones. One of them showed detectives a film on his mobile phone he made of himself having sex with the girl, believing it proved there was no rape involved. He later gave his highly distasteful version of events to an Israeli TV station, showing not a trace of remorse about what happened that night. ‘The things I saw there were completely routine in my eyes,’ he said. ‘Sodom and Gomorrah is what goes on there. We won’t detail what we saw and what goes on there daily. I felt it was OK, it was legitimate. I didn’t see any problem. ‘There were three of us in the room and there were more people outside who wanted to come in, who came in, and went out. They didn’t actually do anything but they did see and were part of everything that went on there. ‘You could see in her eyes that she wanted it and you can see it in all of the videos. In none of them does she look like she’s suffering or shouting for help. ‘The police seized a video tape in which you can see that the door is being opened and instead of yelling for help she says “Close the door”. A woman who is being raped doesn’t say that.’ Pressed by an Israeli interviewer as to whether the woman gave permission for the filming, he blithely replied: ‘I didn’t hear her say: “Don’t photograph”. I even thought she was for it. I understood she had no problem with it and everything was OK; that she was used to such things.’ Experts say that there is no norm of behaviour among victims of sex attacks. The argument that a woman consents to sex just because she says ‘close the door’ or fails to say ‘don’t photograph’ is tenuous to say the least. Around a dozen activists attended the hearing, then protested the verdict outside court Cypriot women's rights activists protest outside court wearing masks that show a pair of lips stitched together which has become a symbol of their movement in recent weeks But the British teenager’s rape claims were never tried out in court because, after seven hours of police interviews, which were conducted without the presence of a lawyer and were not recorded, she retracted her claims and, ten days after her initial rape claim, signed a statement saying that the incident had been consensual. This week, a British forensic linguist shown the girl’s statement by the Mail said it was likely to have been written by a non-English speaker, adding to fears that it may have been dictated. She said in court last month that the police had forced her to change her story and that she was ‘scared for my life’. But during her trial, prosecutors alleged that she had been humiliated after discovering she had been filmed by the Israeli boys and had made the accusations in revenge. This contradicts her claim that she was unaware that she had been filmed until police produced the footage and that she was suffering from severe post-traumatic stress disorder at the time of the attack. Before finding her guilty of ‘public mischief’, judge Michalis Papathanasiou said ‘she did not make a good impression on the court’. Earlier, he had refused to allow evidence from her defence lawyers on the basis that her case was ‘not a rape case’ and that ‘I will not consider whether she was raped or not’. The bedroom where the teenager claimed the attack had taken place The room of the Aiya Napa hotel room where the teenager claimed she had been attacked Amid widespread criticisms of Papathanasiou’s handling of the case, her mother says that her daughter is suffering from PTSD and hallucinations and has missed out on a place at university because of her detention on the island where she has already spent four-and-a-half weeks in jail. A psychologist who has examined her says she is experiencing ‘extremely frightening’ symptoms including ‘emotional numbing, flashbacks and nightmares’. Even Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab has waded into the row saying that he would be raising the ‘deeply distressing case’ with the Cypriot authorities. The Foreign Office says it is ‘seriously concerned’ about whether she was given a fair trial. Last July, just days after the British teen claimed she had been raped, the Mail visited the hotel and found a scene a world away from the pristine promotional pictures found on its website. The grounds surrounding the low-rise hotel were covered in discarded silver ‘hippy crack’ canisters and empty bottles of alcohol and thousands of cigarette butts. Inside, the corridors were littered with filthy discarded mattresses, ripped and stained bed sheets and dismantled bed frames. The doors to the rooms were often left open so that teenagers could socialise with their neighbours. Room 723, where a new group of Israeli boys had arrived to begin their own holiday, contained three stained mattresses placed side by side on the sticky tiled floor. One of the occupants had passed out on one. A judge branded the woman an 'unreliable witness', said she had admitted her own guilt, and 'knows she was never raped' as he set a sentencing hearing for January 7 The new residents were well aware of the alleged gang-rape that had taken place in their room and even claimed to have known the boys involved. They had all seen the vile video made of the British girl allegedly having sex with the men which went viral in both Israel and Ayia Napa. One described it as ‘your normal orgy’, adding that the boyfriend is his friend and is a ‘good guy’ while dismissing the British teen involved as a ‘wh**e’. She is due to be sentenced on January 7, when she could be ordered to pay a £1,500 fine and serve up to a year in prison, but even then her ordeal will not be over. Aside from her intention to appeal her conviction, a lawyer for four of the Israeli youths said this week that they intend to sue her for damages despite the fact that, theoretically, the young men could also face charges for distributing explicit personal data without her permission. Last summer, in perhaps the most ridiculous twist in this ongoing saga, the Mayor of Ayia Napa even threatened to take legal action against the British teenager unless she publicly apologised for sullying the name of the resort. But if the deeply disturbing events which took place there last July show anything, it’s that this debauched corner of Cyprus has no reputation to defend. | Mid | [
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Overall Vision Vision Originality Originality Technique Technique Impact Impact Very few photographies are able to come close to perfection and this shot is among those.You are immediately captured into the scene as soon as you start looking at this photo. The yellow tent first, then this dark blue infinite sky and of course the summits. Finally, the deep, cold snow into which the photographer will have to spend the night... The mountain feeling is everywhere here and this photo is the perfect combination of an extremely aesthetic image and a fascinating story telling.Technically, the mastery of the exposure is right on : the tent is not burned out, the sky colour and the stars are well revealed and the shadows are not too dense. To finish, the composition has of course been calculated with a lot of care : the position of the tent, the right surface for the sky and this nice diagonal rising from the left to the right side.All in one, a captivating and absolutely superb night / mountaineering shot. All my congratulations to Xavier Jamonet for this masterpiece ! | High | [
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Patriarch Cosmas III Patriarch Cosmas III may refer to: Cosmas III of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 1714–1716 Cosmas III of Alexandria, Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 1737–1746 | Low | [
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The World Motor Sport Council has approved a new points system for the expanded 13-team Formula One championship next season. Race winners will earn 25 points instead of 10, and the top 10 finishers will all be receiving points instead of only eight. Jean Todt was elected president of motor racing's governing body FIA on Friday, defeating Finnish candidate Ari Vatanen. Todt was the heavy favorite after receiving the backing of outgoing FIA president Max Mosley and Formula One boss Bernie Ecclestone. Felipe Massa's doctor says the driver is increasingly alert and answering questions in three languages, and the head of the Ferrari team is encouraged about the possibility of the Brazilian returning to the track. | Low | [
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Room for 800 homes on Holloway prison site? A letter from the Ministry of Justice to the House of Commons Justice Committee, has said that the Holloway prison site is ‘expected to open up land for building around 800 new homes’. The figure of 800 is higher than our earlier estimate of 500 homes. The 9 acre site is a similar size to the Emirates football stadium. The letter, marked as ‘sensitive’, also confirms that the proceeds from the sale of this large area of public land will not be used for the benefit of the local community and instead will be ploughed back into the criminal justice system. Explaining the reasoning behind the closure of the prison the Ministry of Justice says that ‘much of Holloway was built as a hospital rather than specifically as a prison’. It argues that it is a ‘poorly designed prison that is not fit for a modern, rehabilitative prison… and its unwieldy layout makes it difficult to supervise and support prisoners effectively’. Community Plan for Holloway are currently running an online survey. We want to hear from you about what you think the priorities should be for the former prison site. Click on the link below to share your views. | Mid | [
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The buildup to the mistrial in New York state Sen. Malcolm Smith's bribery case wasn't just courtroom drama. It became a whole megillah. U.S. District Judge Kenneth Karas had ordered prosecutors to turn over 93 hours of a cooperating government witness's telephone conversations to defense attorneys because the recordings might help the defense. But complicating matters, 20% of those conversations were in Yiddish. Though... | Low | [
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As an airbag that restrains the heads of occupants of an automobile, a curtain airbag is used. The curtain airbag is disposed in a cabin of the automobile near a corner where a ceiling portion and a side surface portion intersect each other and inflated along side door windows and the like by a gas introduced through a gas introduction port. In an automobile equipped with the curtain airbag device, in the case where the automobile is involved in an accident such as a side collision or an overturn, the curtain airbag is inflated toward a lower side of the vehicle body along a side surface (for example, door or pillar) in the vehicle cabin, thereby restraining the heads of the occupants and, when the window is open, preventing the occupants from being thrown away from the vehicle. As such a curtain airbag device, a curtain airbag device is known, in which a folded body of the curtain airbag is disposed in a space between a roof side rail and a side edge portion of a roof lining, and a lower edge of the side edge portion of the roof lining is engaged with an upper end of a pillar garnish (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-69721). In the curtain airbag device disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-69721, when an inflator operates, a gas is introduced into the curtain airbag through a gas introduction portion provided at an upper edge near a central portion in a front-rear direction of the curtain airbag, thereby inflating and deploying the curtain airbag. The curtain airbag presses and opens the side edge portion of the roof lining toward the inside of the vehicle cabin so as to be inflated and deployed in the vehicle cabin. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-69721 describes a technology in which, in order to prevent the curtain airbag, which is being inflated and deployed toward the inside of the vehicle cabin, from interfering with an upper end of a pillar garnish, a small bag portion is attached to an upper edge portion of a main body of the curtain airbag so as to be bulged. When the folded body of the curtain airbag is inflated, the small bag portion (referred to as “upper edge side bag portion” in Japanese Unexamined Patent Applicaation Publication No. 2007-69721) is inflated so as to press the curtain airbag main body toward the interior. By doing this, the curtain airbag being inflated and deployed extends beyond the upper end of the pillar garnish so as to move toward the interior, thereby being deployed in the vehicle cabin. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-52907 describes a technology in which a gas introduction path, through which a gas from an inflator is introduced into inflatable portions of a curtain airbag, extends in the front-rear direction along an upper edge portion of the curtain airbag. When the curtain airbag is folded, a portion of the curtain airbag below the gas introduction path is folded into an elongated folded body in the front-rear direction, and then the gas introduction path is bent so as to be disposed on a surface of the folded body on the exterior side. With the technology described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-52907, when the gas is discharged from the inflator, the gas from the inflator initially flows into the gas introduction path so as to inflate the gas introduction path. Thus, the folded body of the portion of the airbag below the gas introduction path is pressed toward the interior by the inflated gas introduction path. As a result, the curtain airbag being inflated and deployed extends beyond an upper end of a pillar garnish so as to move toward the interior, thereby being deployed in the vehicle cabin. | Low | [
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"It's as loud five minutes before the game, as it is in the fourth quarter as it is in the second quarter," curry said. "As you go around in different arenas, you are even more impressed with how loud it is and how much we feed off it." | Low | [
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In late August Russia handed over decoded radar data to the Netherlands from the aerial zone where Malaysian Airlines Flight MH17 was shot down on July 17, 2014. These materials had initially been provided in their original, i.e., non-decoded form, along with the software needed to decode them. However, the Dutch investigators, despite being armed with the latest in modern technology as well as the assistance of their British colleagues, were not able to decode the recordings, and in the end they asked Russian experts to do it. In three years this has been the only time they have asked to collaborate. Never before had the commission accepted any Russian offers of assistance. The decoded recordings clearly showed that the missile had been fired from the zone controlled by the Ukrainian military. And this is not some fabricated story concocted by journalists, but documented, technical information. However, every sign seems to indicate that the decoded information obtained from Russia will not be included in the case file, but will instead face the fate of so much other data that does not fit neatly into the preferred version of the investigation. It will probably just fall into a black hole, which is what happened to the photos of the tragedy that were taken by American spy satellites. In the meantime however, it will not be easy for the investigators to stick to their prescribed approach to the investigation. Independent experts are conscientiously suggesting new avenues of inquiry that could help move the process along. For example, since all of the Ukrainian army’s existing launch sites for its Buk-M1 missile-defense system can be accounted for and examined by the commission, it would be a simple enough matter to establish whether at least one of them was used to fire the missile. An inspection of the 60 existing launch sites within this system is both physically possible and could provide some surprising information. The launch of a Buk-M1 missile leaves indelible “burns” on the ramp that cannot be concealed, even under a new coat of paint. Although that would seem to be a very simple suggestion, it’s a significant one. Kees van der Pijl, a Dutch professor in the Department of International Relations at the University of Sussex and the president of the NGO The Committee of Vigilance Against Resurgent Fascism, recently finished writing a book titled “The Launch: Flight MH17, Ukraine and New Cold War” (Der Abschuss: Flug MH17, die Ukraine und der neue Kalte Krieg). The German-language version of the book will go on sale later this month, and the English original and Portuguese translation will be available by the end of the year. Professor van der Pijl examines the tragedy from a geopolitical perspective and asks: who benefited most from this disaster? And he answers: the US, which subsequently imposed sanctions against Russia, undermining its gas industry and checking its growing role on the international stage. Specifically, the professor cites the following arguments: – One day before the tragedy, the BRICS nations signed an agreement to establish their own bank, which the US saw as a rival to the IMF and World Bank. – Vladimir Putin and Angela Merkel had settled on a new conceptual framework for resolving the crisis in Ukraine – without US input – and real progress was being made. – In addition, once the Boeing 777 was downed, American gas companies were suddenly able to find the traction to kick-start their work in Europe and force Russia out of the EU market. Moscow was forced to abandon the construction of the South Stream gas pipeline, and relations with the government in Kiev, which subsequently became a pawn in the games played by the West, definitively soured. Not a single European or American media outlet has reacted to the announcement of the book’s publication and its path onto the shelves of bookstores is unlikely to be an easy one. However, times are changing, and many people are taking an interest in and flocking to Professor van der Pijl’s blog, Der Abschuss Flug MH17, which provides information about the publication of the book as well as links to his sources. Using the materials available to them, the authors of the blog intend to shed light on the absurd inconsistencies evident during the investigation, as well as the investigators’ stubborn reluctance to answer awkward questions. Some known examples are: – How could Ukrainian President Poroshenko, who announced the tragedy 15 minutes after it occured, have known that the Boeing 777 had been shot down by a Russian Buk missile? – Why does the investigative commission not take into account the results of the experimental destruction of a retired passenger airliner by the company Almaz Antey, while also refusing to take part in a second experiment? – What prompted Ukrainian dispatchers to alter MH17’s flight path right before tragedy struck? We shall soon see whether officials will block the distribution of the book and what the consequences of that might be. But events could take an interesting turn. As a result of Professor van der Pijl’s efforts, we will learn the price of not only the work of the Dutch commission investigating the tragic fate of flight MH17, but the European democracy and European justice as well… The publication is based on Dmitry Sedov’s article by Strategic Culture Foundation (in Russian), adapted and translated by ORIENTAL REVIEW. Reposts are welcomed with the reference to ORIENTAL REVIEW. | Mid | [
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Rogers Media uses cookies for personalization, to customize its online advertisements, and for other purposes. Learn more or change your cookie preferences. Rogers Media supports the Digital Advertising Alliance principles. By continuing to use our service, you agree to our use of cookies. We use cookies (why?) You can change cookie preferences. Continued site use signifies consent. NHL on Sportsnet’s Chris Johnston kicks off the show with Jeff, Brian and Justin (1:51). Blue Jackets captain Nick Foligno joins the guys to discuss his life during the pause, playing under John Tortorella and what makes his team so good despite injuries (21:54). We hear from Jarome Iginla during his appearance on 31 Thoughts: […] Listen Logan Couture: Sharks have the pieces, just need to put it together June 05 2020 The Sharks captain provides his perspectives on whether players are now more comfortable with expressing their opinions/showing their personality in public, the importance for kids to play a variety of sports, his club's subpar year, how the training for this off-season will differ from those in the past given the extended layoff, having Brian Kilrea as a coach, how the sport has changed since he was a rookie, lessons from Joe Thornton, Game 7 vs. the Golden Knights last year, and a teammate who doesn't get enough attention. Listen Nick Foligno: There's a reason why the Jackets have been successful under John Tortorella June 05 2020 The Blue Jackets captain touches on his participation in US Hockey's Under-18 program, how his team managed to success despite all the injuries they sustained, John Tortorella's message at the start of the season, his time with the Binghamton Senators, his durability in spite of his rough style, how he's been keeping in shape, Tortorella's intensity, parenting during the season, and which sport outside of hockey he's most excited to see return. Listen June 4: “We Can All Be Better” June 04 2020 David, Brian and Anthony host. Dallas forward Tyler Seguin discusses underrated teammates, playing multiple sports growing up and why athletes need to use their platform for good (5:33). LA Kings’ prospect Akil Thomas talks about racism in hockey, his golden goal for Canada at the World Junior tournament and what he needs to do to […] | Mid | [
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Conventional hair dryers, dryers for clothing, dehumidifiers and air conditioners normally include a source of heat applied to the moving ambient air. Much of the ambient air has a load of water therein normally requiring heat energy at the same time as the air is warmed. Often times the use of the heated air, particularly in hair dryers, provides for the delivery of drying air through a bonnet which is uncomfortably warm to the user. Various efforts in the prior art have been made to predry air for various purposes. | Low | [
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Ripples in spacetime: Science's 2016 Breakthrough of the Year The discovery of ripples in spacetime—gravitational waves—shook the scientific world this year. It fulfilled a prediction made 100 years ago by Albert Einstein and capped a 40-year quest to spot the infinitesimal ripples. But instead of the end of the story, scientists see the discovery as the birth of a new field: gravitational wave astronomy. In 1915, Einstein explained that gravity arises because massive bodies warp space and time, or spacetime, causing free- falling objects to follow curved paths such as the arc of a thrown ball or the elliptical orbit of a planet around its sun. Einstein then calculated that a barbell-shaped distribution of mass whirling end-to-end like a baton should radiate ripples in spacetime that zip along at light speed—gravitational waves. On 11 February, physicists working with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)—twin instruments in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana—announced that they had seen just what Einstein predicted: a burst of waves created as two black holes spiraled into each other 1.3 billion light- years away. The triumph was hard earned. Einstein himself vacillated for decades over whether gravitational waves should exist. Even if they did, the only source Einstein could imagine, two orbiting stars, would produce waves too feeble to detect. By the late 1960s, however, astrophysicists knew of much denser concentrations of mass. They had spotted neutron stars and dreamed up black holes, the ultraintense gravitational fields left behind when massive stars collapse to nothing. Spiraling together, such things could, in theory, produce observable waves. In 1972, Rainer Weiss, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, set out a scheme to detect them with L-shaped optical instruments called interferometers, sowing the seed for LIGO. People’s choice Visitors to Science’s website were offered the chance to vote on a list of candidates for Breakthrough of the Year while Science editors and writers were finalizing their choices. A first round of voting narrowed the top candidates to five, and a second round, in which some 225,000 votes were cast, determined the final People’s Choice. In the end, a breakthrough in culture techniques that enabled researchers to keep human embryos developing in the lab for almost 2 weeks edged out Science’s top choice, the detection of gravitational waves. The full results: Human embryo culture 43% Gravitational waves 32% Portable DNA sequencers 13% AI beats Go champ 7% Worn-out cells and aging 5% The discovery of ripples in spacetime—gravitational waves—shook the scientific world this year. It fulfilled a prediction made 100 years ago by Albert Einstein and capped a 40-year quest to spot the infinitesimal ripples. But instead of the end of the story, scientists see the discovery as the birth of a new field: gravitational wave astronomy. In 1915, Einstein explained that gravity arises because massive bodies warp space and time, or spacetime, causing free- falling objects to follow curved paths such as the arc of a thrown ball or the elliptical orbit of a planet around its sun. Einstein then calculated that a barbell-shaped distribution of mass whirling end-to-end like a baton should radiate ripples in spacetime that zip along at light speed—gravitational waves. On 11 February, physicists working with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)—twin instruments in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana—announced that they had seen just what Einstein predicted: a burst of waves created as two black holes spiraled into each other 1.3 billion light- years away. The triumph was hard earned. Einstein himself vacillated for decades over whether gravitational waves should exist. Even if they did, the only source Einstein could imagine, two orbiting stars, would produce waves too feeble to detect. By the late 1960s, however, astrophysicists knew of much denser concentrations of mass. They had spotted neutron stars and dreamed up black holes, the ultraintense gravitational fields left behind when massive stars collapse to nothing. Spiraling together, such things could, in theory, produce observable waves. In 1972, Rainer Weiss, a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, set out a scheme to detect them with L-shaped optical instruments called interferometers, sowing the seed for LIGO. Each LIGO interferometer has two 4- kilometer-long arms with mirrors at either end, housed in a giant vacuum chamber. By bouncing laser light between the mirrors, physicists can compare the arms’ lengths to within 1/10,000 the width of a proton. A passing gravitational wave would generally stretch the arms by different amounts, and that’s what the LIGO team spotted. The tight fit between that first signal and computer modeling validated Einstein’s theory of gravity, known as general relativity, as never before. Now, physicists are eagerly anticipating what may come next, because gravitational waves promise an entirely new way to peer into the cosmos. First, physicists hope to spot many more events. LIGO already has detected a second black hole merger and a third, weaker signal. The interferometers resumed taking data last month, and if they can reach their design sensitivity, they may eventually see a black hole merger on average once a day. Other instruments will soon join the hunt. The upgraded VIRGO detector in Italy should turn on early next year. Physicists in Japan are building a detector called the Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector, and LIGO physicists plan to add a detector in India in the early 2020s. Three or more detectors together should be able to pinpoint a source in the sky by triangulation. That could help telescopes home in on the same event, and perhaps detect other signals from it. For example, if gravitational wave detectors sense the merger of two neutron stars and telescopes pick up light or x-rays from it, the signals together might offer clues about the exotic matter in neutron stars. The detectors might even test wilder ideas about black holes. Quantum theory suggests a black hole might contain a hidden “firewall” that would obliterate anything that falls in. If so, merging black holes should produce gravitational wave echoes, some theorists predict. Others speculate that a spinning black hole could generate a cloud of hypothetical particles called axions, which could generate gravitational waves by annihilating one another en masse. Meanwhile, some astronomers are trying to detect gravitational waves in a different way. Within the hearts of large galaxies lurk supermassive black holes weighing hundreds of millions or billions of solar masses. When two such monsters merge, they radiate hugely powerful waves with wavelengths light-years long—thousands of times longer than instruments like LIGO can detect. To spot those waves, astronomers are turning to stellar timepieces called millisecond pulsars. Pulsars—spinning neutron stars—emit incredibly regular pulses of radio waves. As long-wavelength gravitational waves buffet Earth, they should push the planet toward some pulsars and away from others. That motion would, in turn, shorten or stretch the time between pulses from pulsars in different directions, in an effect akin to the Doppler shift. The resulting variations and correlations among pulsars’ timing should reveal the cacophony of long-wavelength gravitational waves, and the spectrum of longer and shorter waves would help physicists trace the rate at which galaxies formed and merged throughout cosmic history. Teams in the United States, Europe, and Australia hope to see a signal within 2 or 3 years— although the U.S. effort is threatened by plans at the National Science Foundation to defund the two radio telescopes it uses. | High | [
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Mamata Banerjee has announced a series of rallies to protest the amended Citizenship Act. Individual state governments are not empowered to halt the implementation of a law that comes under the centre's mandate, sources in the Union Home Ministry claimed today, amid a rising chorus of opposition to the amended Citizenship Act. "States do not have the power to say 'no' to a central law enacted under the Union List of the Constitution's 7th Schedule," a top ministry official said, adding that the granting of citizenship is a central prerogative. Several opposition-led states -- including West Bengal, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Punjab -- have said that they will not allow the implementation of the amended Citizenship Act in their territories. They have termed the law -- which provides for expediting citizenship for migrants from three neighbouring countries so long as they are not Muslims -- as "discriminatory" and "unconstitutional". The bill became a law late on Thursday night, after it received President Ram Nath Kovind's assent, amid violent protests in the Northeast. Two people were killed in police firing in Assam's Guwahati earlier that day. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee -- one of the most vocal critics of the law -- has warned that she will not allow its implementation in her state "under any circumstances", and announced a series of rallies against it. "We will not allow the Citizenship Act in Bengal even though it has been passed in the parliament," she said today, accusing the centre of trying to force an "unconstitutional" law on non-BJP states. "The Citizenship Act will divide India. As long as we are in power, not a single person in the state will have to leave the country," she said. Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan claimed that his state has no place for an "unconstitutional law" that discriminates against people from a certain community. "The Constitution of India guarantees the right to citizenship for all Indians, irrespective of their religion, caste, language, culture gender or profession. This very right is being made void by this law. A move to decide citizenship on the basis of religion amounts to rejecting the Constitution," he said. Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh said he will block attempts to implement the law through his party's majority in the state assembly. "This law is of a very divisive nature. Any legislation that seeks to divide the people of the country on religious lines is illegal and unethical," Mr Singh said. | Mid | [
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PFT Live: Shaun King, PFT Planet calls and tweets Posted by Josh Alper on August 8, 2013, 11:32 AM EST AP It’s not the regular season and it won’t look much like the regular season, but football’s back in a big way over the next few days. It’s a full slate of preseason games, starting with six contests on Thursday night. Shaun King of NFLSN will join Mike Florio on Thursday’s edition of PFT Live to discuss some of the things to watch for as we take another big step toward the long-awaited return of meaningful football to our lives. King and Florio will also share their thoughts on some of the other big stories around the league. And we’re once again asking for your help with the rest of the show. We need questions from PFT Planet for Florio to answer whether they have to do with matters on the field or off of it. Send them to @ProFootballTalk on Twitter or give a call to 888-237-5269 to let us know what’s on your mind. 1 responses to “PFT Live: Shaun King, PFT Planet calls and tweets” I think Shaun King should get more airtime and more respect from Kuselias and company. He often has some brilliant things to articulate and then sometimes you see Kuselias take that gold and toss it right in the trash. And Shaun King just sits there with stoicism and probably thinking how can you not buy into that? | Mid | [
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require "json" RSpec.describe "route params" do include_context "app" context "when set on the controller" do let :app_def do Proc.new { controller "/:input" do default do send params[:input] end end } end it "is available" do expect(call("/foo")[0]).to eq(200) expect(call("/foo")[2]).to eq("foo") end it "requires the param" do expect(call("/")[0]).to eq(404) end end context "when set as a named capture on a regex controller matcher" do let :app_def do Proc.new { controller(/\/(?<input>.*)/) do default do send params[:input] end end } end it "is available" do expect(call("/foo")[2]).to eq("foo") end end context "when set as a named capture on a custom controller matcher" do let :app_def do Proc.new { class CustomRouterMatcherWithCaptures def match?(path) true end def match(path) self end def named_captures { "foo" => "bar" } end end controller CustomRouterMatcherWithCaptures.new do get "/foo" do send params[:foo] || "" end end } end it "is available" do expect(call("/foo")[2]).to eq("bar") end end context "when set on the route" do let :app_def do Proc.new { controller do get "/:input" do send params[:input] end end } end it "is available" do expect(call("/foo")[0]).to eq(200) expect(call("/foo")[2]).to eq("foo") end it "requires the param" do expect(call("/")[0]).to eq(404) end end context "when set as a named capture on a regex route matcher" do let :app_def do Proc.new { controller do get(/\/(?<input>.*)/) do send params[:input] end end } end it "is available" do expect(call("/foo")[2]).to eq("foo") end end context "when set as a named capture on a custom route matcher" do let :app_def do Proc.new { class CustomRouteMatcherWithCaptures def match?(path) true end def match(path) self end def named_captures { "foo" => "bar" } end end controller do get CustomRouteMatcherWithCaptures.new do send params[:foo] || "" end end } end it "is available" do expect(call("/foo")[2]).to eq("bar") end end context "when passed as a request param" do let :app_def do Proc.new { controller do default do send params[:input] end end } end it "is available" do expect(call("/?input=foo")[2]).to eq("foo") end end context "when the request is a json request" do let :app_def do Proc.new { controller do default do send params[:foo] || "" end end } end it "makes the json body available" do expect(call("/", input: StringIO.new({ foo: "bar" }.to_json), headers: { "content-type" => "application/json" })[2]).to eq("bar") end end describe "inheriting params through multiple controller" do let :app_def do Proc.new do controller do namespace "/foo/:foo" do namespace "/bar" do default do send params[:foo] || "" end end end end end end it "inherits" do expect(call("/foo/test/bar")[2]).to eq("test") end end end | Mid | [
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Q: Should prefetching return any faults at all? I'm trying to see if I have a correct understanding of prefetching with Core Data. I'm executing a fetch request with a batchSize of 20 for a Message object, with has a to-one relationship with a MBDate property. I prefetch this property: [fetchRequest setRelationshipKeyPathsForPrefetching: [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"date", nil]]; The prefetch command goes through, as shown by this output: CoreData: annotation: Prefetching with key 'date'. Got 9 rows. CoreData: annotation: total fetch execution time: 0.0094s for 20 rows However, in just the first batch, if I do if(message.date.isFault) NSLog(@"isFault");, it always outputs isFault, even though I prefetched it! And if I try to access any of the properties of the MBDate object, a fault request fires: CoreData: sql: SELECT 0, t0.Z_PK, t0.Z_OPT, t0.ZDATE, t0.ZDATESTRING FROM ZMBDATE t0 WHERE t0.Z_PK = ? CoreData: annotation: sql connection fetch time: 0.0008s CoreData: annotation: total fetch execution time: 0.0014s for 1 rows. CoreData: annotation: fault fulfilled from database for : 0x85d22b0 <x-coredata://736D04C4-7DB3-40B7-B208-79B5DFD68260/MBDate/p61> Why is the prefetch not going through? Why are my objects still faults? I know it's hard to give any definite answers, but any tips or ideas would be great! A: Can you try this same thing without setting batch size? There is a curious note in NSFetchRequest Class Reference under fetchBatchSize: If you set a non-zero batch size, the collection of objects returned when the fetch is executed is broken into batches. When the fetch is executed, the entire request is evaluated and the identities of all matching objects recorded, but no more than batchSize objects’ data will be fetched from the persistent store at a time. The array returned from executing the request will be a proxy object that transparently faults batches on demand. It's as if you set batchSize the objects returned will be faulted no matter what. | Low | [
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namespace BRG.Entities
{
using System.Collections.Generic;
/// <summary>
/// 过滤规则集合
/// </summary>
public class FilterRuleCollection : List<FilterRule>
{
}
} | Low | [
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Jeddah (sometimes spelled Jiddah or Jedda ; Englishpronunciation:/ˈdʒɛdə/; Arabic: جدة Jiddah or Jaddah, IPA: [ˈdʒɪdæ, ˈdʒædæ]) is a city in the Hijaz Tihamah region on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. With a population currently at 3.4 million people, Jeddah is an important commercial hub in Saudi Arabia. Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca, Islam's holiest city, which able-bodied Muslims are required to visit at least once in their lifetime. It is also a gateway to Medina, the second holiest place in Islam. Economically, Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia, and the Middle East.[3] Jeddah was independently ranked fourth in the Africa – Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index.[4] Jeddah is one of Saudi Arabia's primary resort cities and was named a Gamma world city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). Given the city's close proximity to the Red Sea, fishing and sea food dominates the food culture unlike other parts of the country. The city has been labeled as "different" by the majority of Saudis in an effort to promote tourism in the city, that had been previously perceived as "most open" city in Saudi Arabia. Historically, Jeddah has been well known for its legendary money changers. The largest of said money changers at the time (the late Sheikh Salem Bin Mahfouz) eventually founded Saudi Arabia's first bank, the National Commercial Bank (NCB). There are at least two explanations for the etymology of the name Jeddah, according to Jeddah Ibn Al-Qudaa'iy, the chief of the Quda'a clan. The more common account has it that the name is derived from جدة Jaddah, the Arabic word for "grandmother". According to eastern folk belief, the tomb ofEve (21°29′31″N39°11′24″E / 21.49194°N 39.19000°E / 21.49194; 39.19000), considered the grandmother of humanity, is located in Jeddah.[5] The tomb was sealed with concrete by religious authorities in 1975 due to some Muslims praying at the site. Ibn Battuta(1304–1368), the Berber traveler, visited Jeddah during his world trip. He wrote the name of the city into his diary as "Jiddah".[6] The British Foreign Office and other branches of the British government used the older spelling of "Jedda", contrary to other English-speaking usage, but in 2007 changed to the spelling "Jeddah".[7] T. E. Lawrence felt that any transcription of Arabic names into English was arbitrary. In his book Revolt in the Desert, Jeddah is spelled three different ways on the first page alone.[8] On official Saudi maps and documents, the city name is transcribed "Jeddah", which is now the prevailing usage. Excavations in the old city suggest that Jeddah was founded as a fishing hamlet in 522 BC by the Yemeni Quda'a tribe (بني قضاعة), who left central Yemen to settle in Makkah[9] after the destruction of the Marib Dam in Yemen.[10] Other archaeological studies have shown that the area was settled earlier by people in the Stone Age, as some Thamudi scripts were excavated in Wadi Briman (وادي بريمان), west of the city, and Wadi Boweb (وادي بويب), northwest of the city. Jeddah first achieved prominence around 647 AD, when the third Muslim Caliph, Uthman Ibn Affan (عثمان بن عفان), turned it into a port making it the port of Makkah instead of Al Shoaiba port south west of Mecca.[11] Since then, Jeddah has been established as the main city of the historic Hijaz province and a historic port for pilgrims arriving by sea to perform their Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca. After Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem, in 1171 he proclaimed himself sultan of Egypt, after dissolving the Fatimid Caliphate upon the death of al-Adid, thus establishing the Ayyubid dynasty. Ayyubid conquests in Hejaz included Jeddah, which joined the Ayyubid Empire in 1177 during the leadership of Sharif Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094–1201). During their relatively short-lived tenure, the Ayyubids ushered in an era of economic prosperity in the lands they ruled and the facilities and patronage provided by the Ayyubids led to a resurgence in intellectual activity in the Islamic world. This period was also marked by an Ayyubid process of vigorously strengthening Sunni Muslim dominance in the region by constructing numerous madrasas (Islamic schools) in their major cities. Jeddah attracted Muslim sailors and merchants from Sindh, Southeast Asia and East Africa, and other distant regions. In 1254, following events in Cairo and the dissolution of the Ayyubid Empire, Hijaz became a part of the Mamluk Sultanate. The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, having found his way around the Cape and obtained pilots from the coast of Zanzibar in 1497 CE, pushed his way across the Indian Ocean to the shores of Malabar and Calicut, attacked fleets that carried freight and Muslim pilgrims from India to the Red Sea, and struck terror into the surrounding potentates. The Princes of Gujarat and Yemen turned for help to Egypt. Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri accordingly fitted out a fleet of 50 vessels under his Admiral, Hussein the Kurd. Jeddah was soon fortified with a stone wall, using forced labor, as a harbor of refuge from the Portuguese, allowing Arabia and the Red Sea to be protected. Parts of the city wall still survive today in the old city. Even though the Portuguese were successfully repelled from the city, fleets in the Indian Ocean were at their mercy. This was evidenced by the Battle of Diu between the Portuguese and the Arab Mamluks. The Portuguese soldiers' cemetery can still be found within the old city today and is referred to as the site of the Christian Graves.[12] The Ottoman admiral Selman Reis defended Jeddah against a Portuguese attack in 1517. In 1517, the Ottoman Turks conquered the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and Syria, during the reign of Selim I.[13] As territories of the Mamluk Sultanate, the Hijaz, including Jeddah and the holy city of Mecca, passed into Ottoman possession. The Ottomans rebuilt the weak walls of Jeddah in 1525 following their victory over the Lopo Soares de Albergaria's Armada in the Red Sea. The new Turkish wall included six watchtowers and six city gates. They were constructed to defend against the Portuguese attack. Of the six gates, the Gate of Mecca was the eastern gate and the Gate of Al-Magharibah, facing the port, was the western gate. The Gate of Sharif faced south. The other gates were the Gate of Al-Bunt, Gate of Al-Sham (also called Gate of Al-Sharaf) and Gate of Medina, facing north.[14] The Turks also built The Qishla of Jeddah, a small castle for the city soldiers. In the 19th century these seven gates were minimized into four giant gates with four towers. These giant gates were the Gate of Sham to the north, the Gate of Mecca to the east, the Gate of Sharif to the south, and the Gate of Al-Magharibah on the sea side. Ahmed Al-Jazzar, the Ottoman military man mainly known for his role in the Siege of Acre, spent the earlier part of his career at Jeddah. In Jeddah in 1750, he killed some seventy rioting nomads in retaliation for the killing of his commander, Abdullah Beg, earning him the nickname "Jezzar" (butcher). As a result, Jeddah came under the sway of the Al-Saud dynasty in December 1925. In 1926, Ibn Saud added the title King of Hejaz to his position of Sultan of Nejd. Today, Jeddah has lost its historical role in peninsular politics after Jeddah fell within the new province of Makkah, whose provincial capital is the city of Mecca. From 1928 to 1932, the new Khuzam Palace was built as the new residence of King Abdul Aziz in Jeddah. The palace lies south of the old walled city and was constructed under the supervision of the engineer Muhammad bin Laden. After 1963, the palace was used as a royal guest house; since 1995, it has housed the Regional Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography.[15] The remaining walls and gates of the old city were demolished in 1947. A fire in 1982 destroyed some ancient buildings in the old town center, called Al-Balad, but much is still preserved despite the commercial interest to tear down old houses (Naseef House, Gabil House) and build modern high-rise buildings. A house-by-house survey of the old districts was made in 1979, showing that some 1000 traditional buildings still existed, though the number of structures with great historic value was far less. In 1990, a Jeddah Historical Area Preservation Department was founded.[16][17] The modern city has expanded wildly beyond its old boundaries. The built-up area expanded mainly to the north along the Red Sea coastline, reaching the new airport during the 1990s and since edging its way around it toward the Ob'hur Creek, some 27 km (17 mi) from the old city center. Jeddah is located in Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coastal plain (called Tihamah). Jeddah lies in the Hijazi Tihama (Arabic: تهامة الحجاز) region which is in the lower Hijaz mountains. Historically, politically and culturally, Jeddah was a major city of Hejaz Vilayet, the Kingdom of Hejaz and other regional political entities according to Hijazi history books. Jeddah features an arid climate (BWh) under Koppen's climate classification. Unlike other Saudi Arabian cities, Jeddah retains its warm temperature in winter, which can range from 15 °C (59 °F) at dawn to 28 °C (82 °F) in the afternoon. Summer temperatures are extremely hot, often breaking the 43 °C (109 °F) mark in the afternoon and dropping to 30 °C (86 °F) in the evening. Rainfall in Jeddah is generally sparse, and usually occurs in small amounts in November and December. Heavy thunderstorms are common in winter. The thunderstorm of December 2008 was the largest in recent memory, with rain reaching around 3 inches (7.6 cm). The lowest temperature ever recorded in Jeddah was 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) in March 1983.[18] The highest temperature ever recorded in Jeddah was 49.0 °C (120.2 °F) on June 9, 1961.[18] Jeddah has long been a port city. Even before being designated the port city for Mecca, Jeddah was a trading hub for the region. In the 19th century, goods such as mother-of-pearl, tortoise shells, frankincense, and spices were routinely exported from the city. Apart from this, many imports into the city were destined for further transit to the Suez, Africa, or Europe. Many goods passing through Jeddah could not even be found in the city or even in Arabia.[19] All of the capitals of the Middle East and North Africa are within two hours flying distance of Jeddah, making it the second commercial center of the Middle East after Dubai.[20] Also, Jeddah's industrial district is the fourth largest industrial city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh, Jubail and Yanbu. King Abdullah Street is one of the most important streets in Jeddah and runs from King Fahd Road by the waterfront in the west of Jeddah to the eastern end of the city. It is famous for hosting numerous corporate offices and commercial developments. Most citizens are Sunni Muslims. The government, courts and civil and criminal laws enforce a moral code established by Shari'ah. A very small minority of Saudi citizens are Shia Muslims, and there is also a large foreign workforce which is forbidden to follow their non-Islamic religions even privately, but this is little enforced. The city has over 1,300 mosques.[21] The law does not allow other religions' buildings, books, icons and expressions of faith. However, private religious observance not involving Muslims nor offending public order and morality is sometimes tolerated. Since the 7th century, Jeddah has hosted millions of Muslim pilgrims from all over the world on their way to Hajj. This merge with pilgrims has a major impact on the society, religion, and economy of Jeddah. It also brings an annual risk of illness, known by locals as the 'hajji disease', a general term for various viral maladies. As in other Saudi cities, the Nejdi dish Kabsa is popular among the people of Jeddah, often made with chicken instead of lamb meat. The Yemeni dish Mandi is also popular as a lunch meal. Jeddah cuisine is popular as well and dishes like Mabshoor, Mitabbak, Foul, Areika, Hareisa, Kabab Meiroo, Shorabah Hareira (Hareira soup), Migalgal, Madhbi (chicken grilled on stone), Madfun (literally meaning "buried"), Magloobah, Kibdah, Manzalah (usually eaten at Eid ul-Fitr), Ma'asoob, Magliya (a local version of falafel), Saleeig (a local dish made of milk rice), hummus, Biryani, Ruz Kabli, Ruz Bukhari, and Saiyadyia can be acquired in many traditional restaurants around the city, such as Althamrat, Abo-Zaid, Al-Quarmooshi, Ayaz, and Hejaziyat. Grilled meat dishes such as shawarma, kofta and kebab have a good market in Jeddah. During Ramadan, sambousak and ful are especially popular at the evening iftar meal. These dishes are found in Lebanese, Syrian, and Turkish restaurants. The most popular local fast food chain, begun in 1974, is Al Baik, with branches in Jeddah and the neighbouring cities of Makkah, Madinah and Yanbu. Their main dish is broasted (broiled and roasted) chicken, commonly known by Jeddans as "Brost", and a variety of seafood.[22] Other local fast food restaurants have sprung up, like Al Tazaj, which serves seasoned grilled chicken (called Farooj) and a side of Tahina with onion and spices. Foultameez serves Foul and Tameez as fast food; Kudu and Herfy serve Western fast food; Halawani serves local variants of Shawerma; and Shawermatak has pioneered drive-through sales of Shawerma. Another popular fast-food chain is Hot and Crispy, an Arabic franchise popular for their spiced curly fries. Indian, Pakistani and other Asian foods are also popular. Italian, French and American restaurants are also to be found. The Bicycle Roundabout is a cycle sculpture and is one of the most famous landmarks in Jeddah. During the oil boom in the late 1970s and 1980s, there was a focused civic effort to bring art to Jeddah's public areas. As a result, Jeddah contains a large number of modern open-air sculptures and works of art, typically situated in roundabouts, making the city one of the largest open-air art galleries in the world. Sculptures include works by Jean/Hans Arp, César Baldaccini, Alexander Calder, Henry Moore, Joan Miró and Victor Vasarely. They often depict traditional Saudi items such as coffee pots, incense burners, palm trees, etc. The fact that Islamic tradition prohibits the depiction of living creatures, notably the human form, has made for some very creative, as well as bizarre, modern art. These include a giant geometry set, a giant bicycle, and a huge block of concrete with several cars protruding from it at odd angles. A monumental sculpture by Aref Rayess is devoted to Allah (God). Jeddah is served by four major Arabic-language newspapers, Asharq Al-Awsat, Al Madina, Okaz, and Al Bilad, as well as two major English-language newspapers, the Saudi Gazette and Arab News. Okaz and Al-Madina are the primary newspapers of Jeddah and some other Saudi cities, with over a million readers; their focus is mainly local. Al-Ittihad was the first club in the country, established in 1927. Fans endowed Al-Ittihad with the nickname of "Tigers," showing the team's strength. Al-Ahli was established in 1937, and used to be called the royal club. The other club's nickname is "Alrage" which means "Upscale". Jeddah is the home of Saudi Arabia's leading rugby club, which was founded in 1979, mainly run by expats. The club competes in regional and international matches and now includes local players. Recently, there has been more interest from Saudi nationals. Motor-sports are popular in Jeddah. Jeddah Raceway was built near King Abdulaziz International Airport in 2009 and weekend races are regularly held there. It was also built to reduce street racing in the city which caused many fatal accidents. An Annual Jeddah Desert Rally is also held outside the city of Jeddah. The Old City with its traditional multistory buildings and merchant houses has lost ground to more modern developments. Nonetheless, the Old City contributes to Saudi cultural identity, preserving traditional buildings The city has many popular resorts, including Durrat Al-Arus, Al-Nawras Mövenpick resort at the Red Sea Corniche, Crystal Resort, Radisson Blu, The Signature Al Murjan Beach Resort, Al Nakheel Village, Sands, and Sheraton Abhur. Many are renowned for their preserved Red Sea marine life and offshore coral reefs. King Fahd's Fountain was built in the 1980s, can be seen from a great distance and, at 312 metres (1,024 ft), is the highest water jet in the world according to the Guinness World Records.[25] The fountain was donated to the City of Jeddah by the late King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, after whom it was named. The Islamic Development Bank is a multilateral development financing institution. It was founded by the first conference of Finance Ministers of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), convened 18 December 1973. The bank officially began its activities on 20 October 1975. Kingdom Tower will become the tallest structure in the world upon its completion in 2019 This proposed tower is to be built in Jeddah by Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal and will stand 1-kilometre (0.62 mi) tall. Upon its completion, it will be the tallest skyscraper in the world. The building has been scaled down from its initial 1.6 km (1 mi) proposal, since the ground proved unsuitable for a building that tall, to a height of at least 1,000 metres (3,280.84 ft) (the exact height is being kept private while in development, similar to the Burj Khalifa),[26] which, at about one kilometre (0.62 miles), would still make it by far the tallest building or structure in the world to date,[27] standing at least 173 m (568 ft) taller than the Burj Khalifa in Dubai.[28] King Road Tower is a commercial and office building, the external walls of which are used to show commercials. The building also has a helipad on its roof. King Road Tower has the largest LED display in the world on its walls. The King Abdullah Square on the intersection of Andalus Road with King Abdullah Road has the world's tallest flagpole. It is 170 meters high and the Saudi flag atop it weighs 570 kilograms. On the 84th Saudi National Day, September 23, 2014, the flagpole hoisted a huge Saudi flag before a crowd of thousands. The flagpole succeeded Dushanbe Flagpole & is currently the tallest flagpole in the world.[29] The Makkah Gate, named the "Quran Gate", is located on the Makkah Mukkarram road of the Jeddah-Makkah Highway. It is the entrance to Makkah and the birthplace of Muhammad. The gate signifies the boundary of the haram area of the city of Makkah, where non-Muslims are prohibited to enter. The gate was designed in 1979 by an Egyptian architect, Samir Elabd, for the architectural firm IDEA Center. The structure is that of a book, representing the Qur'an, sitting on a rehal, or book stand.[30] As of 2005[update], Jeddah had 849 public and private schools for male students and another 1,179 public and private schools for female students.[31] The medium of instruction in both public and private schools is typically Arabic, with emphasis on English as a second language. However, some private schools administered by foreign entities conduct classes in English. Jeddah's universities and colleges include the following: Laboratories at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) King Abdul Aziz Public Library is a philanthropic institution which was founded and supported by the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz, Chairman of its Board of Directors. Established in 1985, the library was officially opened by the King on 27 February 1987. It emphasises Islamic and Arabic heritage and history of the Kingdom. The library is divided into three branches (men's, women's, and children's).[32] The limited number of libraries is criticized by the public. As a result, King Abdullah, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, has approved the King Abdullah Project for the Development of Public Libraries, and approximately SAR150 million is budgeted to be spent.[33] Jeddah is served by King Abdulaziz International Airport. The airport has four passenger terminals. One is the Hajj Terminal, a special outdoor terminal covered by large white tents, which was constructed to handle the more than two million pilgrims who pass through the airport during the Hajj season. The Southern Terminal is used for Saudia flights, while the Northern Terminal serves foreign and other national airlines. A plan for the extension of airport is being developed. The Royal Terminal is a special terminal reserved for VIPs, foreign kings and presidents, and the Saudi Royal Family. A portion of the airport, King Abdullah Air Base, was used by CoalitionB-52 heavy bombers during Operation Desert Storm in 1991. The city is challenged by pollution, terrorism, weak sewage systems, heavy traffic, epidemics, water shortages and pollution. Pollution and environment Air pollution is a problem for Jeddah, particularly on hot summer days. The city has experienced bush fires, landfill fires, and pollution from the two industrial zones in the north and the south of the metropolitan area. A water treatment factory and the seaport also contribute to water pollution. Much of the seafront, however, is considered to be safe and clean. Terrorism On 6 December 2004, a group of five men associated with the terrorist group Al-Qaeda (Al-Qaeda Organization in the Arabian Peninsula) conducted a daring, mid-day attack on the U.S. Consulate, which killed five Consulate workers. The group was led by Fayez ibn Awwad Al-Jeheni, a former member of Saudi religious police. Two other assailants were subsequently identified by the Saudi authorities as residents of Jeddah's Al-Jamia suburb and other slums on Saudi Arabia's increasingly urbanised west coast. Buildings were attacked, hostages taken and used as human shields, and the U.S. and non-U.S. staff were under siege, although the chancery/consular section building itself was never penetrated.[35] Closed circuit video feeds documented that the Saudi security personnel assigned to protect the facility fled when the vehicle holding the terrorists pulled up to the front gate and ran past the Delta barrier.[36] Inside the compound, however, an armed Saudi security guard employed by the embassy shot and killed one terrorist before being fatally shot himself. The attackers spread and ignited a flammable liquid on the front of the chancery building, and opened fire on the front doors, both of which actions did not have any penetrating effect. The Consulate's U.S. Marines released tear gas in front of the chancery building, but the terrorists had already left that location. More than an hour later, Saudi special forces made it through traffic and, along with others from their unit who arrived in a helicopter, fought to retake the compound. Two of the terrorists were killed in the final fight, with another dying later in hospital and the final militant being captured alive. Four Saudi special forces and a further 10 hostages were wounded in the crossfire.[35][37][38] The five Foreign Service National employees who died during the terrorist attack were Ali Yaslem Bin Talib, Imad e-Deen Musa Ali, Romeo de la Rosa, Mohammed Baheer Uddin and Jaufar Sadik. The casualties came from Yemen, Sudan, Philippines, India and Sri Lanka.[39] The attack underscores the ongoing vulnerabilities of Westerners to threats and terrorist actions in Jeddah and environs. In a communiqué posted in online publications such as Sawt al-Jihad (Voice of Jihad) and Mu'askar al-Battar (Al-Battar Training Camp), Al-Qaeda hinted at the symbolic nature of the U.S. Consulate attack, stating: "Know that the Mujahideen are determined to continue on their path, and they will not be weakened by what has happened to them."[35] Terrorist activities have persisted from 2004 to the present day. In 2004 there was an unsuccessful shooting attack on a US Marine visiting the Saudi American Bank and an attempt to simultaneously explode car bombs at Saudi American Bank and Saudi British Bank branches in Jeddah on the anniversary of the 2001 "9-11" terrorist attacks on the U.S.[40] On 26 August 2012, a spokesman for the Interior Ministry announced that terrorists were arrested in Jeddah who had been preparing explosives for attacks within the kingdom.[41] Traffic Roads and highways within and exiting the city are frequently clogged with traffic. Mass transit is rare and planning is nascent; most Jeddawi adults have at least one car. Motorcycles are rare on the roads, further impacting the traffic patterns. Days immediately preceding and following the holy days are particularly noisome and cost hundreds of thousands many hours because of traffic jams. The Saudi Gazette reports that there is a plan in the works to tackle the traffic issue. A reported 3 billion Saudi Riyals will be put into constructing flyovers and underpasses in an effort to expedite traffic. The plan is scheduled to take about five years from its start to finish.[42] Sewage Prior to the construction of a waste treatment plant, Jeddah's waste water was disposed of by either discharge into the sea or via absorption into deep underground pits. As the city grew, a proper waste management plant was created and the built up part of the city was connected with a sewer system by the 1970s.[citation needed] However, even with the ever increasing population, the original sewer system has hardly been expanded. The original plant cannot cope with the amount of waste inundating it daily. As a result, some untreated sewage is discharged directly into the sea and the entire northern part of the city remains completely unconnected to the sewage system, instead relying on septic tanks. This has been responsible for the large number of sewage tankers. In late 2011, a storm drainage system was built in the south Jeddah area (similar to that of the Los Angeles storm drain) to reduce the risk of floods.[43] On 25 November 2009, heavy floods affected the city and other areas of Makkah Province.[44][45] The floods were described by civil defence officials as the worst in 27 years.[46] As of 26 November 2009[update], 77 people were reported to have been killed,[47] and more than 350 were missing.[44] Some roads were under a metre (three feet) of water on 26 November, and many of the victims were believed to have drowned in their cars. At least 3,000 vehicles were swept away or damaged.[44][47][48] The death toll was expected to rise as flood waters receded, allowing rescuers to reach stranded vehicles.[49] A tunnel in King Abdullah St. was filled with water during the 2011 floods. On 26 January 2011, again, heavy floods affected the city and other areas of Makkah Province. The cumulative rainfall exceeded the 90 mm (3.5 in) recorded in four hours during the 25 November 2009 flash floods. Streets including Palestine Street, Madinah Road and Wali Al-Ahad Street were either flooded or jammed with traffic. Cars were seen floating in some places. Meanwhile, eyewitnesses told local newspaper Arab News that East Jeddah was swamped and floodwater was rushing west towards the Red Sea, turning streets into rivers once again. | Mid | [
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1. Field One embodiment of the invention relates to a technique associated with a printed wiring board. 2. Description of the Related Art Many printed wiring boards are each constituted of a plurality of members different from each other in thermal expansion coefficient. As a result, in a printed wiring board, internal stress occurs at the time of reflow, and a warp is caused in some cases. In Japan Pat. Application KOKAI Publication No. 2006-278747, a flexible printed wiring board with a reinforcing plate in which a warp due to heat is restrained from occurring by the reinforcing plate is disclosed. The reinforcing plate comprises cylindrical holes uniformly arranged at predetermined intervals in such a manner that glass fibers in the reinforcing plate are cut into lengths of 15 mm or less. Incidentally, it is desired that a warp be restrained from occurring in the printed wiring board. | Mid | [
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Jolly Scholar's location, tucked into a building on the campus of Case Western Reserve University, is just one of the challenges Vann faces that his competition does not. Despite being a captive audience, many students don't even reach legal drinking age until halfway through their undergraduate studies. Those who are old enough to drink disappear for nearly three months each summer. And then there's the staff, which experiences significant turnover with each new scholastic calendar. None of that is news to Vann, of course, who replaced a generic food service provider in this space 13 years ago to open Jolly Scholar. He started out in 2005 with four beer taps, two of which were devoted to macro suds. Responding to the rise of craft beer, the owner later upped the number of tap handles to 24. Hard alcohol also found a home on campus at Jolly Scholar, which seems to fly in the face of the whole helicopter parent era. "The agreement is that we want to be the responsible enabler," says Vann, asserting a better-here-than-there mentality. "Nobody is going to care about these students the way we are going to care about them." Vann's conscientious handling of his unique situation is precisely why, when approached a few years back with the crazy idea of bringing a brewery onto campus, university leaders didn't slam the door in his face. In fact, they even chipped in for brewing equipment and offered up a vacant space that, as luck would have it, sat just beneath the barroom floor. "Nobody on campus wanted this space, and it just so happened to be perfectly underneath us, so everything kind of aligned," says Vann, showing off his subterranean brewhouse. Vann is a seasoned home brewer, but as owner, manager and chief bottle washer of Jolly Scholar, he wisely brought on Aaron Wirtz as head brewer. From his seven-barrel brewhouse, Wirtz is turning out an impressive roster of clean beers that run the gamut from traditional to experimental. The Jolly Pilsner is a refreshing straw-colored lager with a pleasant malty sweetness. Henry's Law, a nod to Wirtz's chemistry background, is an exceptional white IPA that blends fruitiness with woodsy pine in a creamy package. Designed to be a house-brewed alternative to macro brands like Bud and Coors, Cold Beer Here is a cold, crisp, pale, easy-drinking beverage with almost zero hoppy bitterness. "These kids are very sophisticated compared to when we went to college, but they're still college students, so you have to be able to offer entry-level beers that taste really good," says brewer Erik Miller. Except for a handful of guest beers and ciders, all house drafts come in at a more-than-reasonable $3.99 per serving, well below market rates. And the students, staff and neighborhood are responding, choosing Jolly Scholar beer over the competition 85 percent of the time. "What we're trying to sell is basically affordable luxury, where students can drink as well as their parents, but at college rates," Vann says. Those same students contribute to the operation in ways that go well beyond the simple consumption of inventory; they touch nearly every aspect of the venture, says Vann. "Our concept is built largely around our students," he explains. "We have masters of accounting students keeping the books and running distribution, we've got Weatherhead [School of Management] students helping to facilitate marketing strategies, we've got CIA students that help us with packaging ideas, and we've got chem students helping to propagate yeast." Not to mention those serving, busing, bartending and managing the restaurant. This year, the university offered its first accredited brewing class, a chemistry and fermentation course that welcomed guest brewers such as Matt Cole from Fat Head's and Andy Tveekrem from Market Garden. Vann hopes the course will expand into a fully degreed brewing science program. Though they've only been brewing for one quiet year, Jolly Scholar already has embarked on an expansion that will more than double capacity to about 5,000 kegs per year. It isn't just onsite consumption that continues to grow, but also demand from the community at large. "People in the industry really like our liquid and they've been really receptive," Vann says, citing a tight local distribution network. "I'm not interested in taking over the grocery store shelves; whatever extra beer we do have, I want it to go to craft beer houses around the city." Vann already considers himself a success, and not for reasons that have anything to do with assets, liquid or otherwise. As a former producer at EA Sports video games, he clocked 80-hour weeks for seven years. Now he's in the fizzy craft beer business for himself. "You've got one shot at this whole thing, you might as well enjoy what the hell you're doing," he says, cold beer in hand. | Mid | [
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I thought this was going to be a £12,000 bill non-inflation adjusted, in which case I was ready to side with the PM! I wonder what % of his clothes were actually bespoke. My uninformed guess is all his clothes (suits, shirts, coats) were custom made, since that was the order of the day for his kind. He was an aristocrat, army, politics and writing was just adding something meaningful to his life. Also, even people like him at that time didn't have huge wardrobes, few good peaces at any given time, and of course a strict code what to wear in the morning/evening/countryside... | Mid | [
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João Gilberto João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira, known as João Gilberto (; 10 June 1931 – 6 July 2019), was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, and guitarist, who was a pioneer of the musical genre of bossa nova in the late 1950s. Around the world he was often called "father of bossa nova"; in his native Brazil, he was referred to as "O Mito" ("The Legend"). Biography Early life João Gilberto was born in Juazeiro, Bahia, the son of Joviniano Domingos de Oliveira, a wealthy merchant, and Martinha do Prado Pereira de Oliveira. He lived in his native city until 1942, when he began to study in Aracaju, Sergipe, returning to Juazeiro in 1946. At the age of 14, Gilberto got his first guitar from his grandfather despite disapproval from Gilberto's father. Still, in Juazeiro, he formed his first band, called "Enamorados do Ritmo". Gilberto moved to Salvador, Bahia, in 1947. During his three years in the city, he dropped out of his studies to dedicate himself exclusively to music and at the age of 18 began his artistic career as a crooner at the Rádio Sociedade da Bahia. Career Gilberto's first recordings were released in Brazil as two-song, 78-rpm singles between 1951 and 1959. In the 1960s Brazilian singles evolved to the "double compact" format, and Gilberto released some EPs in this new format, which carried four songs on a 45-rpm record. In 1956, he returned to Rio and struck up old acquaintances, most significantly with Antônio Carlos Jobim, who was by then working as a composer, producer, and arranger with Odeon Records. Jobim was impressed with Gilberto's new style of guitar playing and set about finding a suitable song to pitch the style to Odeon management. In 1963, Gilberto collaborated with American jazz musician Stan Getz on the album Getz/Gilberto which was released the following year. Jobim played the piano for the album while Gilberto's then-wife Astrud performed the vocals in English while he sang in Portuguese. Although Astrud Gilberto was only in the recording studio to be with her husband, João Gilberto requested her to sing on several of the tracks as he could not sing in English. This resulted with a duet between the two on the track "The Girl from Ipanema" which became a major hit from the album. At the 7th Annual Grammy Awards, Getz/Gilberto won three awards including Album of the Year, which marked the first time a jazz album received the accolade. Gilberto was known for his demanding acoustic and noise-control standards. During a recording session of the song "Rosa Morena", he insisted on 28 takes to get the pronunciation of the o in "Rosa" just right. Nonetheless, despite his high acoustic standards, he skipped a contractually required sound check prior to a July 2003 performance at the Hollywood Bowl, in Los Angeles. This negligence (and the ensuing sound fiasco) prompted the audience to stream from the venue before the concert ended. In 1997, Gilberto sued record label EMI over their reissue of several of his early works, which he contended had been poorly remastered. According to The New York Times, "A statement by his lawyer at the time declared that the reissues contained sound effects that 'did not pertain to the original recordings, banalizing the work of a great artist." Following the incident, EMI ceased production of the albums in question, and, as of 2008, the lawsuit was yet to reach a decision. In 2000, Gilberto won the nomination for the Best World Music Album category in the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards for his work in the album João Voz e Violão. A year later, he was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame. On September 2003, Gilberto performed four shows in Japan. His performance at the Tokyo International Forum on 12 September was recorded for a live album titled In Tokyo which was released in 2004. At the 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2005, In Tokyo received a nomination for Best MPB Album. On 17 May 2017, Gilberto received an honorary doctorate in music from Columbia University but did not attend the commencement ceremony. Role in bossa nova With the introduction of the microphone and the amplifier in Brazil, Gilberto realized that the sound source did not need to be emitted intensely, regarding the voice and instrument, which favored subtle and internalized interpretations. On the other hand, at the time of the first "bossa nova" recordings, Brazil still did not have hi fidelity recording equipment capable of reproducing more complex sonorities. Due to that, Gilberto and Tom Jobim, Gilberto's first arranger, elaborated complex harmonies under the influence of American music, and at the same time they simplified the general sound, because of the equipment limitation. In July 1958, Elizete Cardoso released the famous LP, Canção do Amor Demais, containing songs by Tom Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes. The record, however, would enter the history of Brazilian popular music for another reason: Gilberto accompanied Cardoso on guitar on the tracks "Chega de Saudade" and "Outra Vez", these being the first recordings of the so-called "bossa nova beat". In August of that year, Gilberto released a 78 rpm record containing "Chega de Saudade" and "Bim Bom", recorded at Odeon, with colaborations from Jobim, Dorival Caymmi, and Aloysio de Oliveira. This album inaugurated the "bossa nova" genre and soon became a commercial success. Gilberto's recording had arrangements by Jobim and the participation of Milton Banana, among other artists. Gilberto innovated by using two microphones to record, one for the voice and one for the guitar. This way, the harmony became more clearly heard. Until then, songs were recorded with only one microphone, emphasizing the voice to the detriment of the guitar. With this innovation, voice and guitar could compete equally, if the voice maintained a natural intensity. Thus, it was necessary to issue the voice in a volume close to that of ordinary speech. With Gilberto, voice and guitar are kept at the same volume intensity, with the microphones picking up both sound sources equally, and, if required, changing the volume of both would be in equal proportion. In 1959, Gilberto released another 78 rpm, containing "Desafinado" by Jobim and Newton Mendonça, and "Hô-bá-lá-lá", written by himself. In March 1959, he released the LP Chega de Saudade, which became a sales success and had a major impact in the history of Brazilian music. Musical style Gilberto's style combines traditional elements of samba with more contemporary jazz. His "unique" acoustic guitar style involves a syncopated rhythm of plucked chords, with chord progressions rooted in the jazz tradition. His vocal style has been described as "laid-back and understated". Leonardo Rocha, in his obituary for the BBC, states that Gilberto's music describes "a period of huge optimism in Brazil". Personal life Gilberto first married the singer Astrud, with whom he collaborated on the hit recording of "The Girl from Ipanema"; the couple had a son called João Marcelo. They divorced, and he later married the singer Miúcha (died 2018); they had a daughter, Bebel Gilberto, who is also a singer. They later separated. Gilberto also had a daughter with Claudia Faissol, a journalist. Gilberto lived alone from around 2009. His final years were marked by money problems as well as declining health. In 2011, he was sued and evicted from an apartment in Leblon by his landlord, Countess Georgina Brandolini d'Adda. It was reported in December 2017 that his daughter Bebel was seeking control of his financial affairs because of his declining mental state and increasing indebtedness. On 6 July 2019, Gilberto died at his apartment in Rio de Janeiro. His body was buried in Niterói following a private ceremony on 8 July 2019. Writing in The Guardian after his death, Dom Phillips described Gilberto as ".. one of the country's greatest musicians and composers, a reclusive genius in a nation of extroverts whose work recalled happier, more optimistic times for a deeply divided nation." In The Washington Post pop critic Chris Richards said, "His voice was one of the most intimate sounds of the 20th century – more melodic than a sigh, more rhythmic than chitchat, only just barely. Every syllable that appeared on his lips carried an air of effortlessness, but Gilberto had worked hard to locate that sacred place where a human breath becomes music." Discography Gilberto released several studio and live albums: 1951: Quando Você Recordar/Amar é Bom 1951: Anjo Crue/Sem Ela 1952: Quando Ela Sai/Meia Luz 1958: Chega de Saudade/Bim Bom 1958: Desafinado/Hô-bá-lá-lá 1959: Chega de Saudade 1960: O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor 1961: João Gilberto 1962: João Gilberto Cantando as Musicás do Filme Orfeo do Carnaval 1962: Boss of Bossa Nova 1962: Bossa Nova at Carnegie Hall 1963: The Warm World of João Gilberto 1964: Getz/Gilberto (with Stan Getz) 1965: Herbie Mann & João Gilberto with Antônio Carlos Jobim 1966: Getz/Gilberto Vol. 2 (with Stan Getz) 1970: João Gilberto en México 1973: João Gilberto 1976: The Best of Two Worlds (with Stan Getz) 1976: Amoroso 1977: Gilberto and Jobim 1980: João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira 1981: Brasil (with Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil and Maria Bethânia) 1985: Interpreta Tom Jobim 1985: Meditação 1986: Live in Montreux 1987: Live in Montreux 1988: O Mito 1990: Stan Getz Meets João & Astrud Gilberto 1991: João 1994: Eu Sei que Vou Te Amar 1996: Live at Umbria Jazz 2000: João Voz e Violão 2004: In Tokyo 2007: For Tokyo – edited only in Japan 2015: Um encontro no Au bon gourmet 2016: Getz/Gilberto '76 (with Stan Getz) References Sources Castro, Ruy (trans. by Lysa Salsbury). Bossa Nova: The Story of the Brazilian Music That Seduced the World. 2000. 1st English language edition. A Capella Books, an imprint of Chicago Review Press, Inc. First published in Brasil by Companhia das Letras. 1990. McGowan, Chris and Pessanha, Ricardo. The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova and the Popular Music of Brazil. 1998. 2nd edition. Temple University Press. Gridley, Mark. Jazz Styles: History and Analysis. 9th. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, Print. De Stefano, Gildo, Il popolo del samba, La vicenda e i protagonisti della storia della musica popolare brasiliana, Preface by Chico Buarque de Hollanda, Introduction by Gianni Minà, RAI-ERI, Rome 2005, De Stefano, Gildo, Saudade Bossa Nova: musiche, contaminazioni e ritmi del Brasile, Preface by Chico Buarque, Introduction by Gianni Minà, Logisma Editore, Firenze 2017, External links João Gilberto Web Site by ShowBras, current agent Plain João—The Man Who Invented Bossa Nova, a biographical profile by Daniella Thompson João Gilberto Discography by Laura Pelner McCarthy Nos bastidores do legendario concerto da bossa nova 1962 The Brazilian Sound: Brazilian Music & Culture Website Bossa Nova Guitar Transcriptions (Mostly of songs performed by João Gilberto) João Gilberto Discography on Slipcue.com Joao Gilberto: The Early Records a special on Gilberto at the blog Worlds of Wanwood Category:Brazilian guitarists Category:1931 births Category:2019 deaths Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Bossa nova singers Category:Bossa nova guitarists Category:Brazilian jazz singers Category:Brazilian jazz guitarists Category:Brazilian male singers Category:Latin jazz singers Category:Male guitarists Category:Música Popular Brasileira singers Category:Acoustic guitarists Category:Fingerstyle guitarists Category:People from Bahia Category:Brazilian expatriates in Mexico Category:Brazilian expatriates in the United States Category:20th-century guitarists Category:21st-century guitarists Category:20th-century Brazilian singers Category:21st-century Brazilian singers Category:20th-century male singers Category:21st-century male singers Category:Male jazz musicians Category:Samba musicians | Mid | [
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Scalable graphene synthesised by plasma-assisted selective reaction on silicon carbide for device applications. Graphene, a two-dimensional material with honeycomb arrays of carbon atoms, has shown outstanding physical properties that make it a promising candidate material for a variety of electronic applications. To date, several issues related to the material synthesis and device fabrication need to be overcome. Despite the fact that large-area graphene films synthesised by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) can be grown with relatively few defects, the required transfer process creates wrinkles and polymer residues that greatly reduce its performance in device applications. Graphene synthesised on silicon carbide (SiC) has shown outstanding mobility and has been successfully used to develop ultra-high frequency transistors; however, this fabrication method is limited due to the use of costly ultra-high vacuum (UHV) equipment that can reach temperatures over 1500 °C. Here, we show a simple and novel approach to synthesise graphene on SiC substrates that greatly reduces the temperature and vacuum requirements and allows the use of equipment commonly used in the semiconductor processing industry. In this work, we used plasma treatment followed by annealing in order to obtain large-scale graphene films from bulk SiC. After exposure to N2 plasma, the annealing process promotes the reaction of nitrogen ions with Si and the simultaneous condensation of C on the surface of SiC. Eventually, a uniform, large-scale, n-type graphene film with remarkable transport behaviour on the SiC wafer is achieved. Furthermore, graphene field effect transistors (FETs) with high carrier mobilities on SiC were also demonstrated in this study. | High | [
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Q: Simplify an interface for flexibly applying rules to periods of time We have a module in an application where users define time periods for different criteria that will be used later to filter some lists. By default each criterion applies any time. Its validity can be limited by both restricting the time periods where it applies, and adding exclusion time periods. Already-defined periods of applying and excluding can be edited or deleted. The current interface is as follow: download bmml source – Wireframes created with Balsamiq Mockups Users find it difficult to understand the logic of "application" vs "exclusion" time periods, which I totally understand. I can't find a solution to simplify the interface while keeping all the existing possibilities. What can be done to improve the user's experience here? A: Try showing them visually, as they build the restriction and exemption times. With each criterion added, the timeline updates. I'm not sure I fully understand your use case, but it sounds like users need to clearly see the results of their restrictions and exceptions. I'm focusing a little bit on how to see the outcome as feedback. Forcing them to read and calculate dates (and proportional allocations) seems to add to their workload. They also might have to look at periods across each criterion as well. Could you have a visualization that aids in showing them as they add criteria? A heatmap example: Github is an example of showing a years worth of data. At a glance, you can see periods of activity. Don't make them read; provide visuals in tandem. If there's another state (i'm not too clear on this): that of unrestricted and undeclared time, the heatmap can show these gaps as well. A: I hope I am not misunderstanding your needs, but my recommendation is to do away with the exception/exclusion periods, as they are merely reinstating the default (criterion* applies) in a period of "restriction" (criterion does not apply). Intuitively it might appear simpler to say (as in your 3rd example) "The criterion should apply all year, except for a summer break", but you need two lines to say it, and you might as well say (in the same space, without the mental calisthenics): Applies from 2019-01-01 to 2019-07-13 Applies from 2019-08-16 to 2019-12-31 To allow insertion of an exception more easily, I would recommend a split (or similarly named) button (in addition to edit and delete), which would double the current line and prefill the start of the first and the end of the second line with the start and end of the original line. A color-coded calendar to help visualize this (as suggested in other answers) would certainly be helpful but is not strictly required. By the way, your example criterion 1 is simply the equivalent of Applies from -infinity to infinity. *) "Criteria" is the plural of "criterion" (a standard or a trait) or of "criterium" (a bike race). A: Overlap of rules I apologize if I misunderstood the ASK, but I feel this is a classic case of AND & OR operations (kind of :P). Users add a rule (set up time period) i.e Application Users can add another rule on top of the above rule i.e Exception, which may or may not overlap with the set time period. Since the application and exception are closely tied to the mental map when creating, instead of giving them separate hierarchies I feel they should have parent/child relationship. My proposal I love how Zapier visualizes the AND/OR operations. In close to the above design, your interface can look like | Mid | [
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import warnings class SlowContextWarning(Warning): pass try: import os from .ckociembawrapper import ffi, lib cache_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'cprunetables') def _solve(cube, pattern, max_depth=24): pattern_utf8 = pattern.encode('utf-8') if pattern is not None else ffi.NULL res = lib.solve(cube.encode('utf-8'), pattern_utf8, cache_dir.encode('utf-8'), max_depth) if res != ffi.NULL: return ffi.string(res).strip().decode('utf-8') else: raise ValueError('Error. Probably cubestring is invalid') except ImportError as e: print(e) warnings.warn("Native version of the package is not available. " "We have to fallback to pure-Python implementation of " "the algorithm, which is usually many times slower. " "If performance is important to you, check official " "project page for a native implementation: " "https://github.com/muodov/kociemba", SlowContextWarning) from .pykociemba import search def _solve(cube, pattern, max_depth=24): errors = { 'Error 1': 'There is not exactly one facelet of each colour', 'Error 2': 'Not all 12 edges exist exactly once', 'Error 3': 'Flip error: One edge has to be flipped', 'Error 4': 'Not all corners exist exactly once', 'Error 5': 'Twist error: One corner has to be twisted', 'Error 6': 'Parity error: Two corners or two edges have to be exchanged', 'Error 7': 'No solution exists for the given maxDepth', 'Error 8': 'Timeout, no solution within given time' } if pattern is not None: cube = search.patternize(cube, pattern) res = search.Search().solution(cube, max_depth, 1000, False).strip() if res in errors: raise ValueError(errors[res]) else: return res def solve(cubestring, patternstring=None, max_depth=24): """ Solve a Rubik's cube using two-phase algorithm. >>> solve("BBURUDBFUFFFRRFUUFLULUFUDLRRDBBDBDBLUDDFLLRRBRLLLBRDDF") "B U' L' D' R' D' L2 D' L F' L' D F2 R2 U R2 B2 U2 L2 F2 D'" >>> kociemba.solve('FLBUULFFLFDURRDBUBUUDDFFBRDDBLRDRFLLRLRULFUDRRBDBBBUFL', 'BBURUDBFUFFFRRFUUFLULUFUDLRRDBBDBDBLUDDFLLRRBRLLLBRDDF') u"R' D2 R' U2 R F2 D B2 U' R F' U R2 D L2 D' B2 R2 B2 U' B2" """ return _solve(cubestring, patternstring, max_depth) __all__ = ['solve'] | Mid | [
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Q: bizcharts y-xis label override using bizcharts facing issu y-xis label override. the value are : 1991, 1992...., I want only show 3 value in y-axis const data = [ { year: "1991", value: 3 }, { year: "1992", value: 4 }, { year: "1993", value: 3.5 }, { year: "1994", value: 5 }, { year: "1995", value: 4.9 }, { year: "1996", value: 6 }, { year: "1997", value: 7 }, { year: "1998", value: 9 }, { year: "1999", value: 13 } ]; const cols = { 'value': { min: 0 }, 'year': {range: [ 0 , 1]} }; screenshot of problem A: found solution of this problem, by using tickCount in yaer object, like this tickCount:3, const data = [ { year: "1991", value: 3 }, { year: "1992", value: 4 }, { year: "1993", value: 3.5 }, { year: "1994", value: 5 }, { year: "1995", value: 4.9 }, { year: "1996", value: 6 }, { year: "1997", value: 7 }, { year: "1998", value: 9 }, { year: "1999", value: 13 } ]; const cols = { 'value': { min: 0 }, 'year': {range: [ 0 , 1], tickCount:3} }; screenshot | Mid | [
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1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to image processing generally and more specifically to text recognition by Fourier transform correlation of imaged multi-line, paged text. 2. Description of the Related Art Recognition of text in an imaged text database is required for multiple purposes. It is often required to locate a text page in a larger textual database or "book"; or it is sometimes useful to identify duplicate pages which can be deleted, to compress a database without loss of information. Such a search is relatively easy in the context of encoded information, where characters and words are encoded as a sequence of digital bytes. However, imaged pages, in which the text pages are bitmaps or other graphic representations, are not so easily compared by a computer. One method of comparing graphic images is cross-correlation, which is usually performed by first two-dimensionally Fourier transforming the images to be compared, then multiplying the pixels point by point, and finally inversely transforming the images back into a spatial representation to show correlation peaks. This well known method has been discussed, for example, in John C. Russ, The Image Processing Handbook, (CRC Press, 1992), pages 218-221. Advantages in speed are potentially obtained by performing such correlations optically, by an optical correlator. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,311,359 to Lucas et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,496 to Anderson. Both of these patents disclose compact optical correlators capable of performing cross-correlation of digitized, pixellated images. While correlation of images performs well with rotationally aligned images, pages of text are typically not well aligned rotationally. Text pages are usually digitized by feeding them through a digitizing "scanner", or by imaging them through a digital camera or similar device. Imprecision in feeding and scanning hardware produces varying rotational misalignments in the digitized images. The resulting images are rotated ("skewed") with respect to horizontal and vertical axes. Two otherwise duplicate images which differ by a slight rotation will not produce a strong correlation when compared. This degradation of correlation with skew angle is so pronounced that a misalignment in the range of only 1-2 degrees will significantly degrade correlation. Therefore, a method of rotationally correcting scanned text is a prerequisite to identification of scanned text by correlation. One method of rotationally correcting text is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,235,651 to Nafarieh (1993). This method operates in the context of an optical character recognition ("OCR") system, and limited in its ability to correct for rotational error. Specifically, the patented system only detects and corrects for inversion of the page, or rotation by 90 degrees (a sideways page). While these corrections may be useful in an OCR system, they are not adequate to allow rapid identification of duplicate imaged pages, which might have errors in rotation of (for example) five degrees or less. Another method of rotationally correcting images is disclosed by Postl in his U.S. Pat. No. 4,723,297 (1988). His method involves scanning the image repeatedly at varying search angles, optimizing "directional criteria", and then rotating the image based on the optimized directional criteria. The disclosed method only rotationally corrects skew in images during acquisition; it does not identify duplicate images. It requires many iterations to optimize, is computationally complex, and requires the predetermination of the "directional criteria." Various other methods have been developed for detecting rotational or "skew" angle in text, but they have generally been mathematically very complex or computationally demanding. Efforts at improvement have focused on reducing the computational demands of the method. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,956 to Aghajan, et al., disclosing a method using a subspace-based line detection algorithm, and the other methods cited therein. | Mid | [
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Quasi-experimental study designs series-paper 6: risk of bias assessment. Rigorous and transparent bias assessment is a core component of high-quality systematic reviews. We assess modifications to existing risk of bias approaches to incorporate rigorous quasi-experimental approaches with selection on unobservables. These are nonrandomized studies using design-based approaches to control for unobservable sources of confounding such as difference studies, instrumental variables, interrupted time series, natural experiments, and regression-discontinuity designs. We review existing risk of bias tools. Drawing on these tools, we present domains of bias and suggest directions for evaluation questions. The review suggests that existing risk of bias tools provide, to different degrees, incomplete transparent criteria to assess the validity of these designs. The paper then presents an approach to evaluating the internal validity of quasi-experiments with selection on unobservables. We conclude that tools for nonrandomized studies of interventions need to be further developed to incorporate evaluation questions for quasi-experiments with selection on unobservables. | High | [
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--- abstract: | We extend the notion of the symmetric signature $\sigma(\overline{M},r) \in L^n(R)$ for a compact $n$-dimensional manifold $M$ without boundary, a reference map $r:M \to BG$ and a homomorphism of rings with involutions $\beta: {{\mathbb Z}}G \to R$ to the case with boundary $\partial M$, where $(\overline{M},\overline{\partial M}) \to (M,\partial M)$ is the $G$-covering associated to $r$. We need the assumption that $C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex $D_*$ with trivial $m$-th differential for $n = 2m$ resp. $n = 2m+1$. We prove a glueing formula, homotopy invariance and additivity for this new notion. Let $Z$ be a closed oriented manifold with reference map $Z \to BG$. Let $F \subset Z$ be a cutting codimension one submanifold $F \subset Z$ and let $\overline{F} \to F$ be the associated $G$-covering. Denote by $\alpha_m(\overline{F})$ the $m$-th Novikov-Shubin invariant and by $b_m^{(2)}(\overline{F})$ the $m$-th $L^2$-Betti number. If for the discrete group $G$ the Baum-Connes assembly map is rationally injective, then we use $\sigma(\overline{M},r)$ to prove the additivity (or cut and paste property) of the higher signatures of $Z$, if we have $\alpha_m(\overline{F}) = \infty^+$ in the case $n = 2m$ and, in the case $n = 2m+1$, if we have $\alpha_m(\overline{F}) = \infty^+$ and $b_m^{(2)}(\overline{F}) = 0$. This additivity result had been proved (by a different method) in [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Corollary 0.4] when $G$ is Gromov hyperbolic or virtually nilpotent. We give new examples, where these conditions are not satisfied and additivity fails. We explain at the end of the introduction why our paper is greatly motivated by and partially extends some of the work of Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)], Lott [@Lott; @(1999)] and Weinberger [@Weinberger(1997)]. Key words: higher signatures, symmetric signature, additivity\ 1991 mathematics subject classification: 57R20, 57R67 author: - | Eric Leichtnam[^1]\ Institut de Chevaleret\ Plateau E, 7$^{eme}$ étage\ (Algèbres d’ opérateurs)\ 175 Rue de Chevaleret\ 75013 Paris\ France - | Wolfgang Lück[^2]\ Mathematisches Institut\ Universität Münster\ Einsteinstr. 62\ 48149 Münster\ Germany - | Matthias Kreck [^3]\ Mathematisches Institut\ Universität Heidelberg\ Im Neuenheimer Feld 288\ 69120 Heidelberg\ Germany title: | On the cut and paste property of higher signatures of a closed oriented manifold\ by\ Eric Leichtnam and Wolfgang Lück\ with an appendix\ Mapping tori of special diffeomorphisms\ by\ Matthias Kreck --- Introduction {#Introduction} ============ Let $M$ be an oriented compact $n$-dimensional manifold possibly with boundary. Let $G$ be a (discrete) group and $r: M \to BG$ be a (continuous) reference map to its classifying space. Fix an (associative) ring $R$ (with unit and) with involution and a homomorphism $\beta: {{\mathbb Z}}G \to R$ of rings with involution. Let $\overline{\partial M} \to \partial M$ and $\overline{M} \to M$ be the $G$-coverings associated to the maps $r|_{\partial M}: \partial M \to BG$ and $r: M \to BG$. Following [@Lott; @(1992) Section 4.7] and [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Assumption 1 and Lemma 2.3], we make an assumption about $(\partial M,r|_{\partial M})$.\ \[assumption\] Let $m$ be the integer for which either $n = 2m$ or $n = 2m+1$. Let $C_*(\overline{\partial M})$ be the cellular ${{\mathbb Z}}G$-chain complex. Then we assume that the $R$-chain complex $C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex $D_*$ whose $m$-th differential $d_m: D_m \to D_{m-1}$ vanishes. We will discuss this assumption later (see Lemma \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants\]). We first consider the easier and more satisfactory case $n = 2m$. Under Assumption \[assumption\] we will assign (in Section \[Computations in symmetric $L$-groups\]) for $n = 2m$ to $(M,r)$ the element $$\begin{aligned} & \sigma(\overline{M},r) \in L^{2m}(R),& \label{sigma(M,r)}\end{aligned}$$ which we will call the symmetric signature, in the symmetric $L$-group $L^{2m}(R)$ (Here and in the sequel we are considering the projective version and omit in the standard notation $L^{2m}_p(R)$ the index $p$) This element $\sigma(\overline{M},r) $ agrees with the symmetric signature in the sense of [@Ranicki(1980b) Proposition 2.1], [@Ranicki(1981) page 26], provided that $\partial M$ is empty. If $\partial M$ is nonempty and $D_m = 0$ then $\sigma(\overline{M},r) $ was previously considered in [@Weinberger(1997)] and [@Lott; @(1999) Appendix A]. The main properties of this invariant will be that it occurs in a glueing formula, is a homotopy invariant and is related to higher signatures as explained in Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\], Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] and and Corollary \[cor: Additivity of higher signatures\]. \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\] 1. Glueing formula \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r): glueing formula\]\ Let $M$ and $N$ be two oriented compact $2m$-dimensional manifolds with boundary and let $\phi: \partial M \to \partial N$ be an orientation preserving diffeomorphism. Let $r: M\cup_{\phi} N^- \to BG$ be a reference map. Suppose that $(\partial M,r|_{\partial M})$ satisfies Assumption \[assumption\]. Then $$\sigma(\overline{M\cup_{\phi}N^-},r) ~ = ~ \sigma(\overline{M},r|_M) - \sigma(\overline{N},r|_N);$$ 2. Additivity \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r): additivity\]\ Let $M$ and $N$ be two oriented compact $2m$-dimensional manifolds with boundary and let $\phi,\psi: \partial M \to \partial N$ be orientation preserving diffeomorphisms. Let $r: M\cup_{\phi} N^- \to BG$ and $s: M\cup_{\psi} N^- \to BG$ be reference maps such that $r|_M \simeq s|_M$ and $r|_N \simeq s|_N$ holds, where $\simeq$ means homotopic. Suppose that $(\partial M,r|_{\partial M})$ satisfies Assumption \[assumption\]. Then $\sigma(\overline{M\cup_{\phi}N^-},r) ~ = ~ \sigma(\overline{M\cup_{\psi}N^-},s);$ 3. Homotopy invariance \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r): homotopy invariance\]\ Let $M_0$ and $M_1$ be two oriented compact $2m$-dimensional manifolds possibly with boundaries together with reference maps $r_i: M_i \to BG$ for $i = 0,1$. Let $(f,\partial f): (M_0,\partial M_0) \to (M_1,\partial M_1)$ be an orientation preserving homotopy equivalence of pairs with $r_1 \circ f \simeq r_0$. Suppose that $(\partial M_0,r_0|_{\partial M_0})$ satisfies Assumption \[assumption\]. Then $$\sigma(\overline{M_0},r_0) = \sigma(\overline{M_1},r_1).$$ Next we consider the case $n= 2m+1$. Then we need besides Assumption \[assumption\] the following additional input. Assumption \[assumption\] implies that $H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$ is a finitely generated projective $R$-module and that we get from Poincaré duality the structure of a (non-degenerate) $(-1)^m$-symmetric form $\mu$ on it. Following [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Section 3], we will assume that we have specified a stable Lagrangian $L \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$. The existence of a stable Lagrangian follows automatically if $2$ is a unit in $R$ (see Lemma \[lem: existence of stable Lagrangian\]). Under Assumption \[assumption\] and after the choice of a stable Lagrangian $L$ we can assign for $n = 2m+1 $ to $(M,r,L)$ an element, which we will call the symmetric signature, in the symmetric $L$-group $L^{2m+1}(R)$ (see Section \[Computations in symmetric $L$-groups\]) $$\begin{aligned} & \sigma(\overline{M},r,L) \in L^{2m+1}(R).& \label{sigma(M,r,L)}\end{aligned}$$ It agrees with the symmetric signature in the sense of [@Ranicki(1980b) Proposition 2.1], [@Ranicki(1981) page 26], provided that $\partial M$ is empty. \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] 1. Glueing formula \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L): glueing formula\]\ Let $M$ and $N$ be oriented compact $(2m+1)$-dimensional manifolds with boundary and let $\phi: \partial M \to \partial N$ be an orientation preserving diffeomorphism. Let $r: M\cup_{\phi} N^- \to BG$ be a reference map. Suppose that $(\partial M,r|_{\partial M})$ satisfies Assumption \[assumption\]. Suppose that we have fixed two stable Lagrangians $K \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$ and $L \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial N}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$ such that the isomorphism $H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R) \xrightarrow{\cong} H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial N}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$ of $(-1)^m$-symmetric forms induced by $\phi$ sends $K$ to $L$ stably. Then $$\sigma(\overline{M\cup_{\phi}N^-},r) ~ = ~ \sigma(\overline{M},r|_M,K) - \sigma(\overline{N},r|_N,L);$$ 2. Additivity \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L): additivity\]\ Let $M$ and $N$ be oriented compact $(2m+1)$-dimensional manifolds with boundary and let $\phi,\psi: \partial M \to \partial N$ be two orientation preserving diffeomorphisms. Let $r: M\cup_{\phi} N^- \to BG$ and $s: M\cup_{\psi} N^- \to BG$ be reference maps together with homotopies $h_M: r|_M \simeq s|_M$ and $h_M: r|_N \simeq s|_N$. Suppose that $(\partial M,r|_{\partial M})$ satisfies Assumption \[assumption\]. Fix a stable Lagrangian $K \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$. The restriction of the homotopies $h_M$ and $h_N$ to $\partial M$ and $\partial N$ induce a homotopy $k: r|_{\partial M} \circ \psi^{-1} \circ \phi \simeq r|_{\partial M}$. We get from $\psi^{-1} \circ \phi$ and $k$ an automorphism of the $(-1)^m$-symmetric form $(H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu)$. Let $L \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$ be the stable Lagrangian which is the image of $K$ under this automorphism. Thus we get a formation $(H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu,K,L)$ which defines an element in $[H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu,K,L] \in L^{2m+1}(R)$ by suspension. Then $$\sigma(\overline{M\cup_{\phi}N^-},r) - \sigma(\overline{M\cup_{\psi}N^-},s) \,= \, [H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu,K,L];$$ 3. Homotopy invariance \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L): homotopy invariance\]\ Let $M_0$ and $M_1$ be oriented compact $(2m+1)$-dimensional manifolds possibly with boundaries together with reference maps $r_i: M_i \to BG$ for $i=0,1$. Let $(f,\partial f): (M_0,\partial M_0) \to (M_1,\partial M_1)$ be an orientation preserving homotopy equivalence of pairs together with a homotopy $h: r_1 \circ f \simeq r_0$. Suppose that $(\partial M_0,r_0|_{\partial M_0})$ satisfies Assumption \[assumption\]. Suppose that we have fixed stable Lagrangians $L_0 \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M_0}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$ and $L_1 \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M_1}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$. Let $L_0'$ be the image of $L_0$ under the isomorphism of $(-1)^m$-symmetric forms $(H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M_0}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu_0) \xrightarrow{\cong} (H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M_1}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu_1)$ induced by $\partial f$ and the restriction of the homotopy $h$ to $\partial M_0$. We get a stable formation $(H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M_1}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu_1, L_0',L_1)$ and thus by suspension an element $[H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M_1}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu_1, L_0',L_1] \in L^{2m+1}(R)$. Then $$\sigma(\overline{M_0},r_0,L_0) - \sigma(\overline{M_1},r_1,L_1)= [H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M_1}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R),\mu_1, L_0',L_1].$$ Of particular interest is the case, where $R$ is the real reduced group $C^*$-algebra $C^*_r(G,{{\mathbb R}})$ or the complex reduced group $C^*$-algebra $C^*_r(G)$ and $\beta$ is the canonical map. Then Assumption \[assumption\] is equivalent to the assertion that the $m$-th Novikov-Shubin invariant of $\overline{\partial M}$ is $\infty^+$ in the sense of [@Lott-Lueck; @(1995) Definition 1.8, 2.1 and 3.1] (see Lemma \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants\]), and the symmetric $L$-groups are $2$-periodic. Moreover, the invariant $\sigma(\overline{M},r)$ is linked to higher signatures as follows, provided that $\partial M$ is empty. Recall that the higher signature ${\operatorname{sign}}_u(M,r)$ of a closed oriented manifold $M$ with a reference map $r: M \to BG$ for a given class $u \in H^k(BG;{{\mathbb Q}})$ is the rational number $\langle {{\mathcal L}}(M) \cup r^* u,[M]\rangle$, where ${{\mathcal L}}(M)\in \oplus_{i \ge 0} H^{4i}(M;{{\mathbb Q}})$ is the $L$-class of $M$, $[M]\in H_{\dim(M)}(M;{{\mathbb Q}})$ is the homological fundamental class of $M$ and $\langle ~,~ \rangle$ is the Kronecker pairing. We will consider the following commutative square of ${{\mathbb Z}}/4$-graded rational vector spaces $$\begin{CD} \left(\Omega_*(BG)\otimes_{\Omega_*(*)} {{\mathbb Q}}\right)_n @> \overline{D} > \cong >KO_n(BG)\otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}@>{\operatorname{induc.}}>> K_n(BG) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}\\ @V \sigma VV @VA_{{{\mathbb R}}} VV @V A VV \\ L^n(C_r^*(G;{{\mathbb R}}))\otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}@> {\operatorname{sign}}> \cong > KO_n(C_r^*(G;{{\mathbb R}}))\otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}@> {\operatorname{induc.}}>> K_n(C_r^*(G)) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}\end{CD}$$ Some explanations are in order. We denote by ${{\mathbb Q}}$ the ${{\mathbb Z}}$-graded vector space which is ${{\mathbb Q}}$ in each dimension divisible by four and zero elsewhere. It can be viewed as a graded module over the ${{\mathbb Z}}$-graded ring $\Omega_*(*)$ by the signature. Then the ${{\mathbb Z}}$-graded ${{\mathbb Q}}$-vector space $\Omega_*(BG)\otimes_{\Omega_*(*)} {{\mathbb Q}}$ is four-periodic (by crossing with $[{{\mathbb C}}{{\mathbb P}}^2]$) and hence can be viewed as a ${{\mathbb Z}}/4$-graded vector space. The map $\overline{D}$ is induced by the ${{\mathbb Z}}$-graded homomorphism $$D: \Omega_n(BG) \to KO_n(BG),$$ which sends $[r: M \to BG]$ to the $K$-homology class of the signature operator of the covering $\overline{M} \to M$ associated to $r$. The homological Chern character is an isomorphism of ${{\mathbb Z}}/4$-graded rational vector spaces $${\operatorname{ch}}: KO_n(BG) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}\xrightarrow{\cong} \oplus_{k \ge 0} H_{4k+n}(BG;{{\mathbb Q}}).$$ By the Atiyah-Hirzebruch index theorem the image ${\operatorname{ch}}\circ D([M,{\operatorname{id}}: M \to M])$ of the K-homology class of the signature operator of $M$ in $K_{\dim(M)}(M)$ under the homological Chern character ${\operatorname{ch}}$ is ${{\mathcal L}}(M) \cap [M]$. This implies for any class $u \in H^k(BG;{{\mathbb Q}})$ $$\begin{aligned} {\operatorname{sign}}_u(M,r) & := & \langle {{\mathcal L}}(M) \cup r^* u,[M]\rangle \nonumber \\ & = & \langle r^* u,{{\mathcal L}}(M) \cap [M]\rangle \nonumber \\ & = & \langle u,r_*({{\mathcal L}}(M) \cap [M]) \rangle \nonumber \\ & = & \langle u,{\operatorname{ch}}\circ D([M,r])\rangle. \label{index and higher signatures}\end{aligned}$$ Hence the composition ${\operatorname{ch}}\circ \overline{D}: \left(\Omega_*(BG)\otimes_{\Omega_*(*)} {{\mathbb Q}}\right)_n \to \oplus_{k \ge 0} H_{4k+n}(BG;{{\mathbb Q}})$ sends $[r: M \to BG] \otimes 1$ to the image under $H_*(r): H_*(M;{{\mathbb Q}}) \to H_*(BG;{{\mathbb Q}})$ of the Poincaré dual ${{\mathcal L}}(M) \cap [M] \in \oplus_{i \ge 0} H_{4i-\dim(M)}(M;{{\mathbb Q}})$ of the $L$-class ${{\mathcal L}}(M)$. The map $\overline{D}$ is an isomorphism since it is a transformation of homology theories [@Landweber(1976) Example 3.4] and induces an isomorphism for the space consisting of one point. The map $\sigma$ assigns to $[M,r]$ the associated symmetric Poincaré $C_r^*(G;{{\mathbb R}})$-chain complex $C_*(\overline{M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} C_r^*(G;{{\mathbb R}})$. The map $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}$ resp. $A$ are assembly maps given by taking the index with coefficients in $C^*_r(G;{{\mathbb R}})$ resp. $C^*_r(G)$. The map ${\operatorname{sign}}$ is in dimension $n = 0 \mod 4$ given by taking the signature of a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form. Notice that the map ${\operatorname{sign}}$ is bijective by results of Karoubi (see [@Rosenberg(1995) Theorem 1.11]). The maps ${\operatorname{induc.}}$ are given by induction with the inclusion ${{\mathbb R}}\to {{\mathbb C}}$ and are injective. Obviously the right square commutes. In order to show that the diagram commutes it suffices to prove this for the outer square. Here the claim follows from the commutative diagram in [@Kasparov(1993) page 81]. The Novikov Conjecture says that ${\operatorname{sign}}_u(M,r)$ is a homotopy invariant, i.e. if $r: M \to BG$ and $s: N \to BG$ are closed orientable manifolds with reference maps to $BG$ and $f: M \to N$ is a homotopy equivalence with $s \circ f \simeq r$, then ${\operatorname{sign}}_u(M,r) = {\operatorname{sign}}_u(N,s)$. Since the homological Chern character is rationally an isomorphism for $CW$-complexes, one can say by that $D(M,r)$ is rationally the same as the collection of all higher signatures. Moreover, the Novikov Conjecture is equivalent to the statement that two elements $[M,r]$ and $[N,s]$ in $\Omega_n(BG)$ represent the same element in $\left(\Omega_*(BG)\otimes_{\Omega_*(*)} {{\mathbb Q}}\right)_n$ resp. $KO_n(BG)\otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}$ resp. $K_n(BG) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}$, if they are homotopy equivalent. Notice that the Baum-Connes Conjecture for $C_r^*(G)$ implies that $A$ and hence $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}$ are rationally injective by the following argument (see [@Baum-Connes-Higson section 7] for details). The map $A$ can be written as the composition of the map $K_n(BG) = K_n^G(EG) \to K_n(\underline{E}G)^G$, which is given by the canonical map from $EG$ to the classifying space $\underline{E}G$ of proper $G$-actions and is always rationally injective, and the Baum-Connes index map $K^G_*(\underline{E}G) \to K_*(C^*_r(G))$, which is predicted to be bijective by the Baum-Connes Conjecture. Notice that $\sigma$ is injective if and only if $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}$ is injective and that the injectivity of $A$ implies the injectivity of $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}$ and hence of $\sigma$. Since for a closed oriented manifold $M$ with reference map $r: M \to BG$ the image of $[r:M \to BG]$ under $\sigma$ (and ${\operatorname{sign}}\circ\, \sigma $) is a homotopy invariant of $r:M \to BG$, the commutativity of the diagram above and the rational injectivity of $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}$ implies the homotopy invariance of and thus the Novikov conjecture. Moreover, if $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}$ is rationally injective, $D([M,r])$ contains rationally the same information as $\sigma([M,r])$. We mention that the Baum-Connes Conjecture and thus the rational injectivity of $A$ is known for a large class of groups, namely for all a-T-menable groups [@Higson-Kasparov(1997)]. The rational injectivity of $A$ is also known for all Gromov-hyperbolic groups [@Yu; @(1998)]. From Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\] and Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] , we obtain the following corollary which extends [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Corollary 0.4] to more general groups $G$. \[cor: Additivity of higher signatures\] Let $M$ and $N$ be two oriented compact $n$-dimensional manifolds with boundary and let $\phi,\psi: \partial M \to \partial N$ be orientation preserving diffeomorphisms. Let $r: M\cup_{\phi} N^- \to BG$ and $s: M\cup_{\psi} N^- \to BG$ be reference maps such that $r|_M \simeq s|_M$ and $r|_N \simeq s|_N$ holds. Denote by $\overline{\partial M} \to \partial M$ the $G$-covering associated to $r|_{\partial M}: \partial M \to BG$. If $n = 2m$, we assume for the $m$-th Novikov Shubin invariant $\alpha_m(\overline{\partial M}) = \infty^+$ in the sense of [@Lott-Lueck; @(1995)]. If $n = 2m+1$, we assume $\alpha_m(\overline{\partial M}) = \infty^+$ and for the $m$-th $L^2$-Betti number $b_m^{(2)}(\overline{\partial M}) = 0$. (We could replace the condition $b_m^{(2)}(\overline{\partial M}) = 0$ by the weaker but harder to check assumption that the automorphism in Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] induced by $\psi^{-1}\circ \phi$ and the homotopy $k$ preserve (stably) a Lagrangian of $H_m(\,C_*(\overline{\partial M})\otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} C^*_r(G)\,) $. Suppose furthermore that the map $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}: KO_n(BG) \to K_n(C^*_r(G;{{\mathbb R}})$ is injective. Then all the higher signatures are additive in the sense that we have for all $u \in H^*(BG,{{\mathbb Q}})$ $$\begin{aligned} \label{add} {\operatorname{sign}}_u(M\cup_{\phi}N^-,r) = {\operatorname{sign}}_u(M\cup_{\psi}N^-,s).\end{aligned}$$ We will construct in Example \[exa: non-additivity\] many new examples (especially for odd dimensional manifolds) of pairs of cut and paste manifolds $[ M\cup_{\phi} N^- ,r]$ and $[M\cup_{\psi}N^-, s ]$ (even with $\partial M$ connected) such that $r|_M \simeq s|_M$ and $r|_N \simeq s|_N$ holds and for which there exist higher signatures which do not satisfy (\[add\]), ie are not additive. There, the assumptions of Corollary \[cor: Additivity of higher signatures\], are not fully satisfied. The fact that, in general, higher signatures of closed manifolds are not cut and paste invariant over $BG$ in the sense of [@Karras-Kreck-Neumann-Ossa; @(1973)], was known before (see, for instance, [@Lott; @(1999) Section 4.1]). The relationship to symmetric signatures of manifolds-with-boundary, and to the necessity of Assumption \[assumption\], was pointed out by Weinberger (see [@Lott; @(1999) Section 4.1]). The problem was raised in [@Lott; @(1999) Section 4.1] of determining which higher signatures of closed manifolds are cut and paste invariant; we refer to [@Lott; @(1999) Section 4.1] for further discussion. It is conceivable that our Lemma \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair: Additivity and mapping tori\] might help to provide, in the future, an answer to this problem. Finally we explain why our paper is greatly motivated by and related to the work of Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)], Lott [@Lott; @(1999)] and Weinberger [@Weinberger(1997)]. The relevance of a gap condition in the middle degree on the boundary, when considering topological questions concerning manifolds with boundary, comes from Section 4.7 of Lott’s paper [@Lott; @(1992)]. This leads to Assumption 1 in the paper of Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)] which, from [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Lemma 2.3], is virtually identical to our Assumption \[assumption\] and was the motivation for our Assumption \[assumption\]. Our construction of the invariant $\sigma(\overline{M},r)$ by glueing algebraic Poincaré bordisms is motivated by and extends the one of Weinberger [@Weinberger(1997)] (see also [@Lott; @(1999) Appendix A]) who uses the more restrictive assumption that $C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex $D_*$ with $D_m = 0$. Notice that Weinberger’s assumption implies both our Assumption \[assumption\] and $H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R) = 0$ so that there is only one choice of Lagrangian, namely $L = 0$. The idea of using a Lagrangian subspace, instead of assuming the vanishing of the relevant middle (co-)homology group, is taken from Section 3 of [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)]. In the case when $R = C^*_r(G)$ and under Assumption \[assumption\], an analog of our symmetric signature $\sigma(\overline{M},r)$ was previously constructed in [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)] as a conic index class $\sigma_{conic} \in K_0( C^*_r(G))$. The homotopy invariance of $\sigma_{conic}$, i.e. the analog of our Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\](c), was demonstrated in [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Theorem 6.1]. Furthermore, the analog of the right-hand-side of the equation in our Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\](c) previously appeared in [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Proposition 3.7] If ${{\mathcal B}}^{\infty}$ is a smooth subalgebra of $C^*_r(G)$, the authors of [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)] computed the Chern character ${\operatorname{ch}}(\sigma_{conic}) \in \overline{H}_*({{\mathcal B}}^{\infty})$ of their conic index explicitly in terms of the $L$-form of $M$ and a higher eta-form of $\partial M$. They identified ${\operatorname{ch}}(\sigma_{conic})$ with the $\overline{H}_*({{\mathcal B}}^{\infty})$-valued higher signature of $M$ introduced in [@Lott; @(1992)]. From this the authors of [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)] deduced their main result [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Theorem 0.1], namely the homotopy invariance of the $\overline{H}_*({{\mathcal B}}^{\infty})$-valued higher signature of a manifold with boundary, as opposed to just the homotopy invariance of the “symmetric signature” $\sigma_{conic}$. (In fact, this was the motivation for the use of $\sigma_{conic}$ in [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)], instead of $\sigma(\overline{M},r)$.) As an immediate consequence of its main result, the paper [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)] deduced the additivity of ordinary higher signatures of closed manifolds under Assumption \[assumption\], i.e. our Corollary \[cor: Additivity of higher signatures\], in the case when $G$ is Gromov-hyperbolic or virtually nilpotent, or more generally when $C^*_r(G)$ admits a smooth subalgebra ${{\mathcal B}}^{\infty}$ with the property that all of the group cohomology of $G$ extends to cyclic cocycles on ${{\mathcal B}}^{\infty}$ [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Corollary 0.4]. It is known that the Baum-Connes assembly map is rationally injective for such groups $G$. What is new in our paper is the direct and purely algebraic approach to the cut and paste problem of higher signatures of closed manifolds, through the construction of symmetric signatures for manifolds with boundary under Assumption \[assumption\]. This leads to the main goal of the present paper, namely, to the proof of the additivity of higher signatures under Assumption \[assumption\] in Corollary \[cor: Additivity of higher signatures\], provided that the Baum-Connes assembly map is rationally injective. In this way, our main result, Corollary \[cor: Additivity of higher signatures\], is an extension of [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999) Corollary 0.4]. Additivity and mapping tori in the bordism group {#Additivity and mapping tori in the bordism group} ================================================ Throughout this section $X$ is some topological space. Denote by $\Omega_n(X)$ the bordism group of closed oriented smooth $n$-dimensional manifolds $M$ together with a reference map $r: M \to X$. Consider quadruples $(F,h,r,H)$ consisting of a closed oriented $(n-1)$-dimensional manifold $F$ together with an orientation preserving self-diffeomorphism $h: F \to F$, a reference map $r: F \to X$ and a homotopy $H: F\times [0,1] \rightarrow X$ such that $H(-,0) = r$ and $H(-,1) = r\circ h$. The mapping torus $T_h$ is obtained from the cylinder $F \times [0,1]$ by identifying the bottom and the top by $h$, i.e. $(h(x),0) \sim (x,1)$. This is again a closed smooth manifold and inherits a preferred orientation. The map $r$ and the homotopy $H$ yield a reference map $r_{T_h}: T_h \to X$ in the obvious way. Hence we can associate to such a quadruple an element $$\begin{aligned} [F,h,r,H] & := & [T_h,r_{T_h}] \hspace{3mm} \in \Omega_n(X). \label{bordism element given by mapping torus}\end{aligned}$$ Given two quadruples $(F,h[0],r[0],H[0])$ and $(F,h[1],r[1],H[1])$ with the same underlying manifold, a homotopy between them is given by a family of such quadruples $(F,h[t],r[t],H[t])$ for $t \in [0,1]$ such that the family $h[t]: F \to F$ is a diffeotopy. One easily checks that for two homotopic quadruples (as above) we have in $\Omega_n(X)$ $$\begin{aligned} [F,h[0],r[0],H[0]] & = & [F,h[1],r[1],H[1]]. \label{homotopic quadruples give same bordism elements}\end{aligned}$$ The required cobordism has as underlying manifold $F\times [0,1] \times [0,1]/\sim$, where $\sim$ is the equivalence relation generated by $(x,0,t) \sim (h^{-1}[t](x),1,t)$. Given two quadruples of the shape $(F,h,r,H)$ and $(F,g,r,G)$, we can compose them to a quadruple $(F,g \circ h, r, H\ast G)$, where $H\ast G$ is the obvious homotopy $r \simeq r \circ g \circ h$ obtained from stacking together $H$ and $G \times (h \times {\operatorname{id}}_{[0,1]})$. One easily checks that in $\Omega_n(X)$ $$\begin{aligned} [F,g \circ h, r, H\ast G] & = & [F,h,r,H] + [F,g, r, G]. \label{addition formula for quadruples}\end{aligned}$$ The desired cobordism has as underlying manifold $F \times [0,1] \times[0,1]/\sim$, where $\sim$ is generated by $(x,0,t) \sim (h^{-1}(x),1,t)$ for $t \in[0,1/3]$ and $(x,1,t) \sim (g^{-1}(x),0,t)$ for $t \in[1/3,1]$. We recognize the mapping torus of $g \circ h$ as the part of the boundary which is the image under the canonical projection of the union of $F \times \{0\} \times[1/3,2/3]$, $F \times [0,1] \times \{1/3\}$, $F \times \{1\} \times [1/3,2/3]$ and $F \times [0,1] \times \{2/3\}$. Notice that the class of a quadruple in $\Omega_n(X)$ does depend on the choice of the homotopy. Namely, consider two quadruples $(F,h,r,H)$ and $(F,h,r,G)$ which differ only in the choice of the homotopy. Let $u: F\times S^1 \to X$ be the obvious map induced by $r$ and composition of homotopies $H \ast G^-: r \simeq r$. Then we get from and in $\Omega_n(X)$ $$\begin{aligned} [F,h,r,H] - [F,h,r,G] & = & [u: F \times S^1 \to X]. \label{dependence of the bordism class of a quadruple on the homotopy}\end{aligned}$$ The right side of is not zero in general. Take for instance $F = {{\mathbb C}}{{\mathbb P}}^2$ and $X = S^1$ and let $u_k:F \times S^1 \to S^1$ be the composition of the projection $F \times S^1 \to S^1$ with a map $S^1 \to S^1$ of degree $k \in {{\mathbb Z}}$. Then in this situation the right-handside of \[dependence of the bordism class of a quadruple on the homotopy\] becomes $[u_k: {{\mathbb C}}{{\mathbb P}}^2 \times S^1 \to S^1]$ for $r: {{\mathbb C}}{{\mathbb P}}^2 \rightarrow S^1$ a constant map. This element $[u_k: {{\mathbb C}}{{\mathbb P}}^2 \times S^1 \to S^1]$ is mapped under the isomorphism $\Omega_5(S^1) \cong \Omega_4(*) \oplus \Omega_5(*) = {{\mathbb Z}}\oplus {{\mathbb Z}}/2$ to $(k,0)$. Let $M$ and $N$ be compact oriented $n$-dimensional manifolds and let $\phi,\psi: \partial M \to \partial N$ be two orientation preserving diffeomorphisms. By glueing we obtain closed oriented $n$-dimensional manifolds $M \cup_{\phi} N^-$ and $M \cup_{\psi} N^-$. Let $r: M \cup_{\phi} N^- \to X$ and $s: M \cup_{\phi} N^- \to X$ be two reference maps such that there exists two homotopies $H: r|_M \simeq s|_M$ and $G: r|_N \simeq s|_N$. By restriction we obtain homotopies $H|_{\partial M}: r|_{\partial M} \simeq s|_{\partial M}$ and $G|_{\partial N}: r|_{\partial N} \simeq s|_{\partial N}$. Notice that (by construction) $r|_{\partial N} \circ \phi = r|_{\partial M}$ and $s|_{\partial N} \circ \psi = s|_{\partial M}$. Thus $H|_{\partial M}$ and $G^-|_{\partial N} \circ (\psi \times {\operatorname{id}})$ can be composed to a homotopy $K: r|_{\partial M} \simeq r|_{\partial M} \circ \phi^{-1} \circ \psi$. Thus we obtain a quadruple $(\partial M,\phi^{-1} \circ \psi, r|_{\partial M},K)$ in the sense of . \[lem: cutting and mapping torus formula in bordims group\] We get in $\Omega_n(X)$ $$\begin{aligned} [r: M \cup_{\phi} N^- \to X] - [s: M \cup_{\psi} N^- \to X] & = & [\partial M,\phi^{-1} \circ \psi, r|_{\partial M},K].\end{aligned}$$ [[ **:** ]{}]{}The underlying manifold of the required bordism is obtained by glueing parts of the boundary of $M\times [0,1]$ and of $N^-\times [0,1]$ together as described as follows. Identify $(x,t) \in \partial M \times [0,1]$ with $(\phi(x),t)$ in $\partial N \times [0,1]$ if $0 \le t \le 1/3,$ and with $(\psi(x),t)$ in $\partial N$ if $2/3 \le t \le 1$. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \[cor: additivity in the bordism ring\] Suppose in the situation of Lemma \[lem: cutting and mapping torus formula in bordims group\] that $X = BG$ for a discrete group $G$ and that the image $H$ of the composition $$\pi_1(\partial M) \to \pi_1(M) \xrightarrow{(r|_M)_*} \pi_1(BG) = G$$ satisfies $H_i(BH;{{\mathbb Q}}) = 0$ for $i \ge 1$. Then the higher signatures of $r: M \cup_{\phi} N^- \to X$ and $s: M \cup_{\psi} N^- \to X$ agree. [[ **:** ]{}]{}In view of Lemma \[lem: cutting and mapping torus formula in bordims group\] we have to show that the higher signatures of $(\partial M,\phi^{-1} \circ \psi, r|_{\partial M},K)$ vanish. The homotopy $K$ yields an element $g \in G$ such that the composition of $c(g): G \to G \hspace{3mm} g' \mapsto gg'g^{-1}$ with $\pi_1(r|_{\partial M})$ agrees with the composition of $\pi_1(r|_{\partial M})$ with the automorphism $\pi_1(\phi^{-1} \circ \psi)$. Obviously $c(g)$ induces an automorphism of $H$. Denote the associated semi-direct product by $H \rtimes {{\mathbb Z}}$. There is a group homomorphism from $H \rtimes {{\mathbb Z}}$ to $G$ which sends $h \in H$ to $h \in G$ and the generator of ${{\mathbb Z}}$ to $g \in G$. Let $p: H \rtimes {{\mathbb Z}}\to {{\mathbb Z}}$ be the canonical projection. Then the reference map from the mapping torus $T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi}$ to $BG$ factorizes as a map $T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi} \xrightarrow{t} B(H \rtimes {{\mathbb Z}}) \to BG$ and the composition $T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi} \xrightarrow{t} B(H \rtimes {{\mathbb Z}}) \xrightarrow{Bp} B{{\mathbb Z}}= S^1$ is homotopic to the canonical projection ${\operatorname{pr}}: T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi} \to S^1$. Notice that $Bp$ induces an isomorphism $H^*(B{{\mathbb Z}};{{\mathbb Q}}) \to H^*(B(H \rtimes{{\mathbb Z}};{{\mathbb Q}}))$ since $H^i(BH;{{\mathbb Q}}) = 0$ for $i \ge 1$. Hence it remains to show that all higher signatures of ${\operatorname{pr}}: T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi} \to S^1$ vanish. If $1 \in H^0(S^1;{{\mathbb Q}}) \cong Q$ and $u \in H^1(S^1;{{\mathbb Q}}) \cong {{\mathbb Q}}$ are the obvious generators, it remains to prove that ${\operatorname{sign}}_1({\operatorname{pr}}: T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi} \to S^1)$ and ${\operatorname{sign}}_u({\operatorname{pr}}: T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi} \to S^1)$ are trivial. (Recall that ${\operatorname{sign}}_u $ has been defined in the introduction.) These numbers are given by ordinary signatures of $T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi}$ and $\partial M$. Since $T_{\phi^{-1} \circ \psi}$ fibers over $S^1$ and $\partial M$ is nullbordant, these numbers are trivial. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \[exa: additivity is true also assumption fails\] *Consider the situation of Lemma \[cor: additivity in the bordism ring\] in the special case, where $\partial M$ looks like ${{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \times N$ for a simply connected oriented closed $(n-3)$-dimensional manifold $N$ for $n \ge 6$ such that $H_{m-1}(N;{{\mathbb Q}})$ or $H_{m-3}(N;{{\mathbb C}})$ is non-trivial and the map $\pi_1(\partial M) \to \pi_1(M)$ is injective. Recall that $m$ is the integer satisfying $n = 2m$ resp. $n= 2m+1$. The fundamental group of the connected sum $ {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3$ is the infinite dihedral group $D_{\infty} = {{\mathbb Z}}/2 \ast {{\mathbb Z}}/2 = {{\mathbb Z}}\rtimes {{\mathbb Z}}/2$. Notice that there is a two-fold covering $S^1 \times S^2 \to {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3$ and the universal covering of $({{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3)^{\sim}$ of ${{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3$ is ${{\mathbb R}}\times S^2$. Hence $H_{m-1}(({{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \times N)^{\sim};{{\mathbb C}}) \cong H_{m-1}(N;{{\mathbb C}}) \oplus H_{m-3}(N;{{\mathbb C}})$ is a non-trivial direct sum of finitely many copies of the trivial $D_{\infty}$-representation ${{\mathbb C}}$. Since $\alpha_m(({{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \times N)^{\sim}) = \alpha_m((S^1 \times S^2 \times N)^{\sim})$ [@Lott-Lueck; @(1995) Remark 3.9] we conclude that $\alpha_m(({{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \sharp {{\mathbb R}}{{\mathbb P}}^3 \times N)^{\sim})$ is different from $\infty^+$ (see [@Lueck; @(1997a) Example 4.3, Theorem 5.4] or [@Lueck; @(2000) Theorem 8.7 (9)]). Hence Assumption \[assumption\] is not satisfied because of Lemma \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants\] and we cannot conclude the additivity of the higher signatures from Corollary \[cor: Additivity of higher signatures\]. But we can conclude the additivity of the higher signatures from Corollary \[cor: additivity in the bordism ring\] since $H_i(BD_{\infty};{{\mathbb Q}}) \cong H_i(B{{\mathbb Z}}/2);{{\mathbb Q}}) \oplus H_i(B{{\mathbb Z}}/2);{{\mathbb Q}}) = 0$ holds for $i \ge 1$. *** More generally one can consider glueing tuples $(M,r_M,N,r_N,\phi,H)$, which consist of two compact oriented $n$-dimensional manifolds $M$ and $N$ with boundaries with reference maps $r_M: M \to X$ and $r_N: N \to X$, an orientation preserving diffeomorphism $\phi: \partial M \to \partial N$ and a homotopy $H: \partial M \times [0,1] \rightarrow X$ between $ r_M|_{\partial M} $ and $r_N|_{\partial N} \circ \phi $, i.e. $ r_M|_{\partial M} \sim r_N|_{\partial N} \circ \phi$. To such a glueing tuple one can associate an element $$\begin{aligned} \hspace{-8mm} [M,r_M,N,r_N,\phi,H] & := & [M\cup_{\partial M \times \{0\}}( \partial M \times[0,1]) \cup_{\phi} N^-,r] \hspace{3mm} \in \Omega_n(X), \label{bordism element given by glueing tuple}\end{aligned}$$ where $r$ is constructed from $r_M$, $H$ and $r_N$ in the obvious way. One gets \[lem: additivity for glueing tuples in bordims group\] Let $(M,r_M,N,r_N,\phi,H)$ and $(N,r_N,P,r_P,\psi,G)$ be two glueing tuples. They can be composed to a glueing tuple $(M,r_M,P,r_P,\psi\circ\phi,K)$, where $K$ is the composition of the homotopies $H$ and $G \circ (\phi \times {\operatorname{id}})$. Then we get in $\Omega_n(X)$ $$\begin{aligned} [M,r_M,P,r_P,\psi\circ\phi,K] & = & [M,r_M,N,r_N,\phi,H] + [N,r_N,P,r_P,\psi,G].\end{aligned}$$ [[ **:** ]{}]{}The required bordism has the following underlying manifold. Take the disjoint union of $M \times [0,1]$, $N \times [0,1]$ and $P \times[0,1]$ and identify $(x,t) \in \partial M \times [0,1/3]$ with $(\phi(x),t) \in N \times [0,1/3]$ and $(y,t) \in N \times [2/3,1]$ with $(\psi(y),t) \in \partial P \times [2/3,1]$. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ \[exa: non-additivity\] *In odd dimensions additivity of the higher signatures (sometimes also called the cut and paste property) fails as bad as possible in the following sense. Let us consider $m \ge 2$, a finitely presented group $G$ and [*[any]{}*]{} element $\omega \in \Omega_{2m+1}(BG)$. Then using the last (surjective) map of Theorem 3.2 of ([@Quinn(1979)]) and also the isomorphism given at the bottom of page 57 of ([@Quinn(1979)]) (or see the Theorem in the appendix by Matthias Kreck), one can find a quadruple $(F,h,r,H)$ for a $2m$-dimensional closed oriented manifold $F$ with reference map $r:F \to BG$ such that $[F,h,r,H] = \omega$ in $\Omega_{2m+1}(BG)$ and $[F,r] = 0$ in $\Omega_{2m}(BG)$ holds. Fix a nullbordism $R: W \to BG$ for $r: F \to BG$. In the sequel we identity $F = \partial W$. Since $F$ admits a collar neighborhood in $W$, the inclusion $F \to W$ is a cofibration and thus we can extend the homotopy $H: r \simeq r \circ h$ to a homotopy $H': R \simeq R'$ for some map $R': W \to BG$ such that $R'_{|\partial M}= r\circ h$. Thus we obtain elements $R' \cup_h R : W \cup_h W \to BG$ and $R \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}} R: W \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}} W \to BG$ such that $R'\simeq R$. We conclude from Lemma \[lem: cutting and mapping torus formula in bordims group\] $$\begin{aligned} [R' \cup_{h} R: W \cup_{h} W \to BG] - [R \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}} R: W \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}} W \to BG] & = & \omega. \label{failure of additivity in odd-dimensions}\end{aligned}$$* The theorem of Matthias Kreck which he proves in the appendix shows that for $m \ge 2$ one can arrange in the situation above that the reference map $r: F \to BG$ is $2$-connected, provided that $BG$ has finite skeleta. (Since we only want to have $2$-connected it suffices that $BG$ has finite $2$-skeleton.) Consider the special case $m = 2$ and $G = {{\mathbb Z}}$. Choose in the quadruple $(F,h,r,H)$ such that $r: F \to B{{\mathbb Z}}$ is $2$-connected. Then $\overline{F}$ is the universal covering of $F$. We conclude from [@Lott-Lueck; @(1995) Lemma 3.3] that $\alpha_2(\overline{F}) = \alpha_2(\widetilde{S^1}) = \infty^+$. Therefore Assumption \[assumption\] is satisfied for $\overline{\partial W} = \overline{F}$ by Lemma \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants\]. Notice that there are elements $\omega \in \Omega_5(B{{\mathbb Z}})$ whose higher signatures do not all vanish, for instance $[{{\mathbb C}}P^2\times S^1, r]$ where $r: {{\mathbb C}}P^2\times S^1 \rightarrow B {{\mathbb Z}}= S^1 $ is the projection onto the second factor. Hence, (for such an example), if we set $[M_0,r_0] = [W, R] $ and $[M_1,r_1] = [W', R'] $, then formula and Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] show that the right-handside of the formula of Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] is not zero. Thus Assumption \[assumption\] is not enough in the case $n = 2m+1$ (in contrast to the case $n = 2m$ as proven in Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\] ) to ensure the additivity of the higher signatures. Counterexamples to additivity in odd dimensions yield also counterexamples in even dimensions by crossing with $S^1$. In the situation of with $\omega \in \Omega_{2m+1}(BG)$, we get in $\Omega_{2m+2}(B(G \times {{\mathbb Z}})) = \Omega_{2m+2}(BG \times S^1)$ $$\begin{aligned} \lefteqn{[R'\times {\operatorname{id}}_{S^1} \cup_{h \times {\operatorname{id}}_{S^1}} R\times {\operatorname{id}}_{S^1} : W \times S^1 \cup_{h \times {\operatorname{id}}_{S^1}} W \times S^1 \to BG \times S^1]} & & \\ & & - [R\times {\operatorname{id}}_{S^1} \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}_{\partial W\times S^1}} R\times {\operatorname{id}}_{S^1} : W \times S^1 \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}_{\partial W \times S^1}} W \times S^1 \to BG \times S^1] \\ & = & \omega \times [{\operatorname{id}}_{S^1}] \label{failure of additivity in even-dimensions}\end{aligned}$$ and, since the $L-$class of $\omega \times S^1$ may be identified to the one of $\omega$, for any $u \in H^*(BG;{{\mathbb Q}})$ we have ${\operatorname{sign}}_{u \times [S^1]}(\omega \times [{\operatorname{id}}_{S^1}]) = {\operatorname{sign}}_u(\omega)$ where $[S^1] \in H^1(S^1;{{\mathbb Q}})$ is the fundamental class. Hence if $\omega \in \Omega_{2m+1}(BG)$ admits at least a higher signature which is not zero, then $W\times S^1 \cup_{h\times {\operatorname{id}}} W\times S^1$ admit a higher signature which is not cut and paste invariant. ** Computations in symmetric $L$-groups {#Computations in symmetric $L$-groups} ==================================== In this section we carry out some algebraic computations and constructions of classes in symmetric $L$-groups which correspond on the geometric side to defining higher signatures of manifolds with boundaries (under Assumption \[assumption\]) and to glueing processes along boundaries. We briefly recall some basic facts about (symmetric) Poincaré chain complexes and the (symmetric) $L$-groups defined in terms of bordism classes of such chain complexes. For details we refer the reader to [@Ranicki(1980a)] and to the Section $1$ of [@Ranicki(1981)]. Let $R$ be a ring with involution $R \to R \hspace{2mm}:\, r \mapsto \overline{r}$. Two important examples are the group ring ${{\mathbb Z}}G$ with the involution given by $\overline{g}= g^{-1}$ and the reduced $C^*$-algebra $C^*_r(G)$ of a group $G$. Given a left $R$-module $V$, let the dual $V^*$ be the (left) $R$-module $\hom_R(V,R)$ with the $R$-multiplication given by $(rf)(x) = f(x)\overline{r}$. Given a chain complex $C_* = (C_*,c_*)$ of (left) R-modules, define $C^{n-*}$ to be the $R$-chain complex whose $i$-th chain module is $(C_{n-i})^*$ and whose $i$-th differential is $c_{n-i+1}^*: C_{n-i}^* \to C_{n-i+1}^*$. We call $C_*$ finitely generated projective if $C_i$ is finitely generated projective for all $i \in {{\mathbb Z}}$ and vanishes for $i\le 0$. An $n$-dimensional (finitely generated projective symmetric) Poincaré $R$-chain complex $(C_*,\phi)$ consists of an $n$-dimensional finitely generated projective $R$-chain complex $C_*$ together with a $R$-chain homotopy equivalence $\phi^0_*: C^{n-*} \to C_*$ which the part for $s=0$ of a representative $\{\phi^s \mid s \ge 0\}$ of an element in $\phi$ in the hypercohomology group $Q^n(C_*) = H^n({{\mathbb Z}}/2;\hom(C^*,C_*))$. The element $\phi^1$ is a chain homotopy $(\phi^0)^{n-*} \simeq \phi^0_*$, where $(\phi^0)^{n-*}$ is obtained from $\phi^0$ in the obvious way using the canonical identification $P \to (P^{\ast})^{\ast}$ for a finitely generated projective $R$-module $P$. The elements $\phi^{s+1}$ are higher homotopies for $\phi^s_* \simeq (\phi^s)^{n-*}$. Consider a connected finite $CW$-complex $X$ with universal covering $\widetilde{X}$ and fundamental group $\pi$. It is an $n$-dimensional Poincaré complex if the (up to ${{\mathbb Z}}\pi$-chain homotopy well-defined) ${{\mathbb Z}}\pi$-chain map $-\cap[X]: C^{n-*}(\widetilde{X}) \to C_*(\widetilde{X})$ is a ${{\mathbb Z}}\pi$-chain homotopy equivalence. Then for any normal covering $\overline{X} \to X$ with group of deck transformations $G$, the fundamental class $[X]$ determines an element in $\phi \in Q^n(C_*(\overline{X}))$, for which $\phi^0_*$ is the ${{\mathbb Z}}G$-chain map induced by $-\cap[X]$ and $(C_*(\overline{X}),\phi)$ is an $n$-dimensional Poincaré ${{\mathbb Z}}G$-chain complex [@Ranicki(1980b) Proposition 2.1 on page 208]. The (symmetric) $L$-group $L^n(R)$ is defined by the algebraic bordism group of $n$-dimensional finitely generated projective Poincaré $R$-chain complexes. The algebraic bordism relation mimics the geometric bordism relation. The general philosophy, which we will frequently use without writing down the details, is that any geometric construction for geometric Poincaré pairs, such as glueing along a common boundary with a homotopy equivalence, or taking mapping tori or writing down certain bordisms, can be transferred to the category of algebraic Poincaré chain complexes. However, there is one important difference between the geometric bordism group $\Omega_n(X)$ and the $L$-group $L^n(R)$ concerning homotopy invariance. Let $G$ be a group and let $M, N$ be two closed oriented $n$-dimensional manifolds with reference maps $r: M \to BG$ and $s: N \to BG$. Suppose that $f: M \to N$ is a homotopy equivalence such that $s \circ f \simeq r$. Then this does not imply that the bordism classes $[M,r]$ and $[N,s]$ agree. But the Poincaré ${{\mathbb Z}}G$-chain complexes $C_*(\overline{M})$ and $C_*(\overline{N})$ are ${{\mathbb Z}}G$-chain homotopy equivalent, and this does imply that their classes in $L^n({{\mathbb Z}}G)$ agree [@Ranicki(1980a) Proposition 3.2 on page 136]. The following lemma explains the role of Assumption \[assumption\]. Its elementary proof is left to the reader. \[lem: condition c\_m = 0\] Let $C_*$ be a projective $R$-chain complex. Then the following assertions are equivalent. 1. $C_*$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex $D_*$ with trivial $m$-th differential; 2. ${\operatorname{im}}(c_m)$ is a direct summand in $C_{m-1}$ where $c_m :\, C_{m-1} \rightarrow C_{m}$ is the differential; 3. There is a finitely generated projective $R$-subchain complex $D_* \subset C_*$ with $D_m = \ker(c_m)$, $D_{m-1} \oplus {\operatorname{im}}(c_{m-1})= C_{m-1}$ and $D_i = C_i$ for $i \not= m,m-1$ such that the $m$-th differential of $D_*$ is zero and the inclusion $D_* \to C_*$ is a $R$-chain homotopy equivalence; Fix a non-negative integer $n$. Let $m$ be the integer for which either $n = 2m$ or $n = 2m+1$. Next we give an algebraic construction which allows to assign to a (finitely generated projective symmetric) Poincaré pair $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi))$ of $n$-dimensional $R$-chain complexes an element in $L^n(R)$, provided that $C_*$ is chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex with trivial $m$-th differential. In geometry this would correspond to assign to an inclusion $i: \partial M \to M$ of a manifold $M$ with boundary $\partial M$ together with a reference map $r: M \to X$ an element in $\Omega_n(X)$, where $C_*$ resp. $\overline{C}_*$ resp. $i_*$ plays the role of $C_*(\partial M)$, $C_*(M)$ and $C_*(i)$. The idea would be to glue some preferred nullbordism to the boundary. This can be carried out in the more flexible algebraic setting under rather weak assumptions. We begin with the case $n = 2m$. Recall that we assume that $C_*$ is chain homotopy equivalent to an $R$-chain complex $D_*$ such that $d_m: D_m \to D_{m-1}$ is trivial. Notice that we can arrange that $D_*$ is $(2m-1)$-dimensional finitely generated projective by Lemma \[lem: condition c\_m = 0\]. Fix such a chain homotopy equivalence $u_*: C_* \to D_*$. Equip $D_*$ with the Poincaré structure $\psi$ induced by $\phi$ on $C_*$ and $u_*$. Define $\overline{D_*}$ as the quotient chain complex of $D_*$ for which $\overline{D}_i = D_i$ if $0 \le i \le m-1$ and $\overline{D}_i = 0$ otherwise. Let $j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*$ be the canonical projection. Notice that it is indeed a chain map since $d_m$ vanishes. There is a canonical extension of the Poincaré structure $\psi$ on $D_*$ to a Poincaré structure $(\delta\psi,\psi)$ on the pair $j_*: D_* \to \overline{D_*}$, namely, take $\delta\psi$ to be zero. Now we can glue the Poincaré pairs $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi))$ and $(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D_*},(\delta\psi,\psi))$ along the $R$-chain homotopy equivalence $u_*: C_* \to D_*$ [@Ranicki(1980a) §3], [@Ranicki(1981) 1.7]. We obtain a $2m$-dimensional Poincaré $R$-chain complex which presents a class in $L^{2m}(R)$. Since chain homotopy equivalent Poincaré $R$-chain complexes define the same element in the (symmetric) $L$-groups, this class is independent of the choice of $u_*: C_* \to D_*$. We denote it by $$\begin{aligned} \sigma(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi)) \in L^{2m}(R). \label{symmetric signature for Poincare pairs for n=2m}\end{aligned}$$ Notice that a chain homotopy equivalence $u_*: D_* \to E_*$ of $(2m-1)$-dimensional chain complexes with trivial $m$-th differential induces a chain equivalence $\overline{u}_*: \overline{D}_* \to \overline{E}_*$ such that $u_*$ and $\overline{u}_*$ are compatible with the maps $D_*\to \overline{D}_*$ and $E_* \to \overline{E}_*$ constructed above. Since chain homotopy equivalent Poincaré $R$-chain complexes define the same element in the (symmetric) $L$-groups, the class defined in is independent of the choice of $u_*: C_* \to D_*$. The proof of the next lemma is straightforward in the sense that one has to figure out the argument for the corresponding geometric statements, what is easy, and then to translate it into the algebraic setting (see also [@Ranicki(1981) Prop. 1.8.2 ii]). \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m\] 1. \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m: glueing formula\] Let $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi))$ and $(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi))$ be $2m$-dimensional (finitely generated projective symmetric) Poincaré pairs. Let $u_*: C_* \to D_*$ be a $R$-chain equivalence such that $Q^{2m-1}(u_*): Q^{2m-1}(C_*) \to Q^{2m-1}(D_*)$ maps $\phi$ to $\psi$. Denote by $(E_*,\nu)$ the $2m$-dimensional Poincaŕe chain complex obtained from $i_*$ and $j_*$ by glueing along $u_*$. Suppose that $C_*$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex with trivial $m$-th differential. Then we get in $L^{2m}(R)$ $$\begin{aligned} \sigma(E_*,\nu) ~ = ~ \sigma(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi)) - \sigma(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi));\end{aligned}$$ 2. \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m: homotopy invariance\] Let $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi))$ and $(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi))$ be two $2m$-dimensional (finitely generated projective symmetric) Poincaré pairs. Let $(\overline{f}_*,f_*): i_* \to j_*$ be a chain homotopy equivalence of pairs, i.e. $R$-chain homotopy equivalences $\overline{f}_*: \overline{C}_* \to \overline{D}_*$ and $f_*: C_* \to D_*$ with $\overline{f}_* \circ i_* = j_* \circ f_*$ such that $Q^n(\overline{f}_*,f_*)$ maps $(\delta\phi, \phi)$ to $(\delta\psi, \psi)$. Suppose that $C_*$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex with trivial $m$-th differential. Then we get in $L^{2m}(R)$ $$\sigma(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi)) ~ = ~ \sigma (j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi)).$$ Now the invariant is obtained from the invariant applied to the Poincaré pair given by the associated chain complexes. Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\] and follow from Lemma \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m\] and . Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\] follows directly from Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\] and because the right side of the formula appearing in Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r)\] does not involve the glueing diffeomorphism. Notice that the geometric version of Lemma \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m\] has been considered in Lemma \[lem: additivity for glueing tuples in bordims group\] Next we deal with the case $n = 2m+1$. Recall that we are considering a $(2m+1)$-dimensional finitely generated projective Poincaré $R$-pair $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi,\phi))$ and that we assume that $C_*$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex $D_*$ with trivial $m$-th differential. Since $C_* \simeq C^{2m-*} \simeq D^{2m-*}$ holds by Poincaré duality, $C_*$ is also $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex, namely, $D^{2m-*}$ whose $(m+1)$-th differential is trivial. We conclude from Lemma \[lem: condition c\_m = 0\] that we can fix a $R$-chain homotopy equivalence $u_*: C_* \to D_*$ to a $2m$-dimensional finitely generated projective $R$-chain complex $D_*$ such that both $d_{m+1}$ and $d_m$ vanish. This implies also that $H_m(C_*) \cong H_m(D_*) \cong D_m$ is a finitely generated projective $R$-module and the Poincaré structure on $C_*$ induces the structure of a $(-1)^m$-symmetric (non-degenerate) form $\mu$ on $H_m(C_*)$. Recall that a $(-1)^m$-symmetric (non-degenerate) form $(P,\mu)$ consists of a finitely generated projective $R$-module $P$ together with an isomorphism $\mu: P \to P^*$ such that the composition $P \xrightarrow{\cong} (P^*)^* \xrightarrow{\mu^*} P$ of $\mu^*$ with the canonical isomorphism $P \to (P^*)^*$ is $(-1)^m\cdot \mu$. The standard $(-1)^m$-symmetric hyperbolic form $H(Q)$ for a finitely generated projective $R$-module $Q$ is given by $${\left( \begin{array}{cc} 0 & 1 \\ (-1)^m & 0 \end{array} \right)} : H(Q)= Q^* \oplus Q \to (Q^* \oplus Q)^* = Q \oplus Q^*.$$ A Lagrangian for a $(-1)^m$-symmetric form $(P,\mu)$ is a direct summand $L \subset P$ with inclusion $j: L \to P$ such that the sequence $0 \to L \xrightarrow{j} P \xrightarrow{j^*\circ \mu} L^* \to 0$ is exact. Any inclusion $j: L \to P$ of a Lagrangian extends to an isomorphism of $(-1)^m$-symmetric forms $H(L) \to (P,\mu)$. A stable Lagrangian for $(P,\mu)$ is a Lagrangian in $(P,\mu) \oplus H(Q)$ for some finitely generated projective $R$-module $Q$. A formation $(P,\mu,K,L)$ consists of a $(-1)^m$-symmetric (non-degenerate) form $(P,\mu)$ together with two Lagrangians $K,L \subset P$. A stable formation $(P,\mu,K,L)$ on $(P,\mu)$ is a formation on $(P,\mu) \oplus H(Q)$ for some finitely generated projective $R$-module $Q$. For more informations about these notions we refer to [@Ranicki(1980a) §2]. There are natural identifications of $L^0(R,(-1)^m)$ with the Witt groups of equivalence classes of $(-1)^m$-symmetric forms and of $L^1(R,(-1)^m)$ with the Witt group of equivalence classes of $(-1)^m$-symmetric formations [@Ranicki(1980a) §5]. There are suspension maps $L^0(R,(-1)^m) \to L^{2m}(R)$ and $L^1(R,(-1)^m) \to L^{2m+1}(R)$. These suspension maps are in contrast to the quadratic $L$-groups not isomorphism for all rings with involutions, but they are bijective if $R$ contains $1/2$ [@Ranicki(1980a) page 152]. The class of $(C_*,\phi)$ vanishes in $L^{2m}(R)$, an algebraic nullbordism is given by $(i_* : C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi,\phi))$. Let $u_*: C_*\to D_*$ be a $R$-chain homotopy equivalence to a $2m$-dimensional finitely generated projective $R$-chain complex with trivial $m$-th and $(m-1)$-th differential. Equip $D_*$ with the Poincaré structure $\psi$ induced by the given Poincaré structure $\phi$ on $C_*$ and $u_*$. By doing surgery on the projection onto the quotient $R$-chain complex $D_*|_{m-1}$ whose $i$-th chain module is $D_i$ for $i \le m-1$ and zero otherwise, in the sense of [@Ranicki(1980a) §4], one sees that the class of $(C_*,\phi)$ in $L^{2m}(R)$ is the image under suspension of the element given by the $(-1)^m$-symmetric form on $H_m(C_*)$. If $R$ contains $1/2$, the suspension map is bijective. Hence the $(-1)^m$-symmetric (non-degenerate) form on $H_m(C_*)$ represents zero in the Witt group of equivalence classes of $(-1)^m$-symmetric forms. This shows \[lem: existence of stable Lagrangian\] Suppose that $(M,r)$ satisfies Assumption \[assumption\] and that $1/2 \in R$. Then there exists a stable Lagrangian $L \subset H_m(C_*(\overline{\partial M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} R)$. Now suppose that we have fixed a stable Lagrangian $L \subset H_m(C_*)$. By adding the $m$-fold suspension of $H(Q)$ for some finitely generated projective $R$-module $Q$ to $C_*$, we can arrange that $L \subset H_m(C_*)$ is a (unstable) Lagrangian. Equip $D_*$ with the Poincaré structure $\psi$ induced by $\phi$ and $u_*$. Let $K \subset H_m(D_*)$ be the Lagrangian given by $L$ and $H_m(u_*)$. Let $\overline{D}_*$ be the quotient $R$-chain complex of $D_*$ such that $\overline{D}_i = D_i$ for $i \le m-1$, $\overline{D}_m = K^*$, $\overline{D}_i = 0$ for $i \ge m+1$, the $i$-th differential is $d_i: D_i \to D_{i-1}$ for $i \le m-1$ and all other differentials are zero. Let $j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*$ be the $R$-chain map which is the identity in dimensions $i \le m-1$ and given by the obvious composition $D_m = H_m(D_*) \xrightarrow{\cong} H_m(D^{2m-*}) = H_m(D_*)^* \to K^*$. There is a canonical extension of the Poincaré structure $\psi$ on $D_*$ to a structure $(\delta\psi,\psi)$ of a Poincaré pair on $j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*$, namely, put $\delta\psi$ to be zero. Now we can glue the pairs $i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*$ and $j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*$ along $u_*$ to get a $(2m+1)$-dimensional Poincaré $R$-chain complex. Its class in $L^{2m+1}(R)$ does not depend on the choice of $Q$, $D_*$ and $u_*$ and is denoted by $$\begin{aligned} \sigma(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi),L) \in L^{2m+1}(R). \label{symmetric signature for Poincare pairs for n=2m+1}\end{aligned}$$ Again the proof of the next lemma is straightforward in the sense that one has to figure out the argument for the corresponding geometric statements, what is easy, and then to translate it into the algebraic setting (see also [@Ranicki(1981) Prop. 1.8.2 ii]). \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m+1\] 1. \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m+1: glueing formula\] Let $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi))$ and $(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi))$ be $(2m+1)$-dimensional (finitely generated projective symmetric) Poincaré pairs. Let $u_*: C_* \to D_*$ be a $R$-chain equivalences such that $Q^{2m}(u_*): Q^{2m}(C_*) \to Q^{2m}(D_*)$ maps $\phi$ to $\psi$. Suppose that $C_*$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex with trivial $m$-th differential. Let $K \subset H_m(C_*)$ and $L \subset H_m(D_*)$ be stable Lagrangians such that $H_m(u_*): H_m(C_*) \to H_m(D_*)$ respects them stably. Let $(E_*,\nu)$ be the $2m$-dimensional Poincaŕe chain complex obtained from $i_*$ and $j_*$ by glueing along $u_*$. Then we get in $L^{2m}(R)$ $$\begin{aligned} \sigma(E_*,\nu) ~ = ~ \sigma(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi),K) - \sigma(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi),L);\end{aligned}$$ 2. \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m+1: homotopy invariance\] Let $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi))$ and $(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi))$ be two $(2m+1)$-dimensional (finitely generated projective symmetric) Poincaré pairs. Let $(\overline{f}_*,f_*): i_* \to j_*$ be a chain homotopy equivalence of pairs, i.e. $R$-chain homotopy equivalences $\overline{f}_*: \overline{C}_* \to \overline{D}_*$ and $f_*: C_* \to D_*$ with $\overline{f}_* \circ i_* = j_* \circ f_*$ such that $Q^{2m+1}(\overline{f}_*,f_*)$ maps $(\delta\phi, \phi)$ to $(\delta\psi, \psi)$. Suppose that $C_*$ is $R$-chain homotopy equivalent to a $R$-chain complex with trivial $m$-th differential. Let $K \subset H_m(C_*)$ and $L \subset H_m(D_*)$ be stable Lagrangians. Denote by $K' \subset H_m(D_*)$ the image of $K$ under $H_m(f_*)$. Then we obtain a stable equivalence class of formations $(H_m(D_*),\nu,K',L)$. Let $[H_m(D_*),\nu,K',L] \in L^{2m+1}(R)$ be the image of the element which is represented in the Witt group of equivalence classes of formations under the suspension homomorphism. Then we get in $L^{2m+1}(R)$ $$\sigma(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi),K) - \sigma (j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi),L) =[H_m(D_*),\nu,K',L].$$ Now the invariant is obtained from the invariant applied to the Poincaré pair given by the associated chain complexes. Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] follows from Lemma \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair for n= 2m+1\]. The next example shall illustrate that the choice of the homotopies $h_M$ and $h_N$ in Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] and of the homotopy $h$ in Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] do affect the terms given by the formations. We are grateful to Michel Hilsum who pointed out to us that in an earlier version we did not make this point clear enough. \[exa: cuting S\^1\] *Put $R= {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}]$. Consider $(D^1,S^0)$ with the following two different reference maps $c,e: D^1 = [-1,1] \to B{{\mathbb Z}}= S^1$, namely $c(s) = \exp(0)$ and $e(s) = \exp(\pi i(s +1))$. Let $h: D^1 \times [0,1] \to B{{\mathbb Z}}= S^1$ be the homotopy $e \simeq t$ sending $(s,t)$ to $\exp(\pi i t(s+1))$. Notice that $c^*E{{\mathbb Z}}|_{S^0}$ and $t^*E{{\mathbb Z}}|_{S^0}$ agree and that we can choose therefore for both the same Lagrangian $L \subset H_0(\overline{S^0})$. Obviously Assumption \[assumption\] is satisfied. We want to show that $\sigma(\overline{D^1},t,L)$ and $\sigma(\overline{D^1},e,L)$ are not the same elements in $L^0({{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}])$. Their difference $\sigma(\overline{D^1},t,L) - \sigma(\overline{D^1},e,L)$ is given by the class of the formation $[H_m(C_*(\overline{S^0})),\mu_1, L_0',L_1]$. From Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] applied to $(f,\partial f) = id: (D^1,S^0) \to (D^1,S^0)$ and $h$, we can identify the form $(H_0(S^0),\mu)$ with ${\left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{array} \right)} : {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \oplus {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \to {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \oplus {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}]$ and choose $L = \{(x,x) \mid x \in {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}]\} \subset {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \oplus {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}]$. The homotopy $h$ and the identity on $S^0$ induce the ${{\mathbb Z}}$-automorphism of $c^*E{{\mathbb Z}}|_{S^0} = t^*E{{\mathbb Z}}|_{S^0} = S^0 \times {{\mathbb Z}}$ which is the identity on $\{-1\} \times {{\mathbb Z}}$ and multiplication with $t$ on $\{1\} \times {{\mathbb Z}}$. The automorphism of the form $(H_0(S^0),\mu)$ induced by $\partial f = {\operatorname{id}}$ and $h|_{S^0}$ is ${\left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & t \end{array} \right)}: {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \oplus {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \to {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \oplus {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}]$. Hence the difference $\sigma(\overline{D^1},t,L) - \sigma(\overline{D^1},e,L)$ is represented by the formation $({{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \oplus {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}],{\left( \begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{array} \right)},L',L)$ for $L' = \{(x,tx) \mid x \in {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}]\} \subset {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}] \oplus {{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}]$. But the class of this formation under the isomorphism $L^0({{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}])[1/2] \cong L^0({{\mathbb Z}})[1/2] \oplus L^1({{\mathbb Z}})[1/2] \cong {{\mathbb Z}}[1/2] \oplus 0 = {{\mathbb Z}}[1/2]$ is the generator.* Similarily one can see from Theorem \[the: main properties of sigma(M,r,L)\] that $\sigma(S^1,{\operatorname{id}})$ and $\sigma(S^1,c)$ are different for the reference maps ${\operatorname{id}}= S^1 \to S^1 = B{{\mathbb Z}}$ and the constant map $c: S^1 \to B{{\mathbb Z}}$ by cutting $S^1$ open along the embedded $S^0 \subset S^1$. One has to choose homotopies $h_+: i_+ \simeq c : S^1_+ \to B{{\mathbb Z}}$ and $h_-: i_- \simeq c : S^1_+ \to B{{\mathbb Z}}$ for $S^1_{\pm}$ the upper and lower hemispheres and $i_{\pm}: S^1_{\pm} \to B{{\mathbb Z}}= S^1$ the inclusion. Then the term describing $\sigma(\overline{S^1_+ \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}} S^1_-},{\operatorname{id}}) - \sigma(\overline{S^1_+ \cup_{{\operatorname{id}}} S^1_-},c)$ is given again by a formation which does not represent zero in $L^1({{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}])$. By crossing with ${{\mathbb C}}{{\mathbb P}}^{2n}$ one gets also examples in dimensions $4n+1$ of this type because crossing with ${{\mathbb C}}{{\mathbb P}}^{2n}$ induces an isomorphism $L^1({{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}])[1/2] \to L^{4n+1}({{\mathbb Z}}[{{\mathbb Z}}])[1/2]$. ** The next lemma is the algebraic version of Lemma \[lem: cutting and mapping torus formula in bordims group\] (see also [@Ranicki(1981) Prop. 1.8.2 ii]). \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair: Additivity and mapping tori\] Let $n$ be any positive integer. Let $(i_*: C_* \to \overline{C}_*,(\delta\phi, \phi))$ and $(j_*: D_* \to \overline{D}_*,(\delta\psi, \psi))$ be two $n$-dimensional (finitely generated projective symmetric) Poincaré pairs. Let $u_*,v_*: C_* \to D_*$ be a $R$-chain equivalences such that both $Q^n(u_*)$ and $Q^n(v_*)$ map $(\delta\phi, \phi)$ to $(\delta\psi, \psi)$. Let $w_*: C_* \to C_*$ be a $R$-chain map with $u_* \circ w_* \simeq v_*$. Let $(E_*(u_*),(\delta\nu,\nu)(u_*))$ and $(E_*(v_*),(\delta\nu,\nu)(v_*))$ respectively be the $n$-dimensional Poincaŕe chain complexes obtained from $i_*$ and $j_*$ by glueing along $u_*$ and $v_*$ respectively. Let $(T(w_*), \mu)$ be the algebraic mapping torus of $w_*$. Its underlying $R$-chain complex is the mapping cone of ${\operatorname{cone}}({\operatorname{id}}- w_*)$ (cf. [@Ranicki(1998) page 264]). Then we get in $L^{n}(R)$ $$\begin{aligned} \sigma(E_*(u_*),(\delta\nu,\nu)(u_*)) - \sigma(E_*(v_*),(\delta\nu,\nu)(v_*)) & = & \sigma(T(w_*), \mu).\end{aligned}$$ In general symmetric signatures and higher signatures are not additive (see Example \[exa: non-additivity\]). In the situation of Lemma \[lem: cutting and mapping torus formula in bordims group\] the difference of symmetric signatures (and thus of higher signatures) is measured by the symmetric signature of the corresponding mapping torus. If we want to see the difference in $L^{n}(C_r^*(G))$, we only have to consider the algebraic mapping torus as explained in Lemma \[lem: properties of sigma of a pair: Additivity and mapping tori\]. To detect the image of the class of the mapping torus in $L^{n}(C^*_r(G))$ under the isomorphism ${\operatorname{sign}}: L^{n}(C^*_r(G)) \to K_0(C^*_r(G))$ the formula [@Ranicki(1980a) Proposition 4.3] is useful. It reduces the computation of the difference of the element $[r: M \cup_{\phi} N^- \to X] - [s: M \cup_{\psi} N^- \to X]$ under the composition $\Omega_{n}(BG) \xrightarrow{D} K_n(BG) \xrightarrow{A} K_n(C^*_r(G))$ to an expression which only involves the chain complex of $C_*(\overline{\partial M})$ and the map induced by the automorphism $\phi^{-1} \circ \psi$ in a rather close range around the middle dimension. \[rem: vanishing of all higher signatures\] *Let $Z$ be a closed oriented $n$-dimensional manifold with a reference map $r: Z \to BG$. Suppose that we have for the $m$-th Novikov-Shubin invariant $\alpha_m(\overline{Z}) = \infty^+$ in the case $n = 2m-1$ and, in the case $n = 2m$, we have $\alpha_m(\overline{Z}) = \infty^+$ and for the $m$-th $L^2$-Betti number $b_m^{(2)}(\overline{Z}) = 0$. Then we conclude from the arguments above and Lemma \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants\] that $\sigma: \Omega_n(BG) \to L^n(C_r^*(G;{{\mathbb R}}))$ maps $[Z,r]$ to zero. Namely, we have constructed an explicit algebraic nullbordism above. Hence we conclude that all higher signatures of $[Z,r]$ vanish if the assembly map $A_{{{\mathbb R}}}: KO_n(BG) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}} {{\mathbb Q}}\to KO_n(C^*_r(G;{{\mathbb R}}))$ is injective. This follows from the discussion in the introduction. *** Novikov-Shubin invariants {#Novikov-Shubin invariants} ========================= Next we reformulate (following [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)]) the condition that the middle differential vanishes in terms of spectral invariants. Let ${{\mathcal N}}(G)$ be the von Neumann algebra associated to $G$. Let $M$ be a closed Riemannian manifold with normal covering $\overline{M} \to M$ with deck transformation group $G$. Let $\nu$ be the flat $C^*_r(G)$-bundle over $M$ whose total space is $\overline{M} \times_G C^*_r(G)$. Let $H^m(M;\nu)$ and $\overline{H}^m(M;\nu)$ resp. be the unreduced and reduced $m$-th cohomology of $M$, i.e. $\ker(d^m)/{\operatorname{im}}(d^{m-1})$ and $\ker(d^m)/\overline{{\operatorname{im}}(d^{m-1})}$ resp. for $d$ the differential in the deRham complex $\Omega^*(M;\nu)$ of Hilbert $C^*_r(G)$-modules. The next lemma is contained in Lemmas 2.1 and 2.3 of [@Leichtnam-Lott-Piazza(1999)]. \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants\] The following assertions are equivalent for an integer $m$. 1. \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants: C\^\*-bundle\] The canonical projection $H^m(\overline{M};\nu) \to \overline{H}^m(\overline{M};\nu)$ is bijective; 2. \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants: C\^\*\] The $C^*_r(G)$-chain complex $C_*(\overline{M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} C^*_r(G)$ is $C^*_r(G)$-chain homotopy equivalent to a finitely generated projective $C^*_r(G)$-chain complex $D_*$ whose $m$-th differential $d_m: D_m \to D_{m-1}$ is trivial; 3. \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants: caln(G)\] The ${{\mathcal N}}(G)$-chain complex $C_*(\overline{M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} {{\mathcal N}}(G)$ is ${{\mathcal N}}(G)$-chain homotopy equivalent to a finitely generated projective ${{\mathcal N}}(G)$-chain complex $D_*$ whose $m$-th differential $d_m: D_m \to D_{m-1}$ is trivial; 4. \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants: NS\] The Novikov Shubin invariant $\alpha_m(\overline{M})$ is $\infty^+$ (see [@Lott-Lueck; @(1995)]); 5. \[lem: vanishing middle differential and NS-invariants: Laplacian\] The Laplacian acting on $L^2(\overline{M}, \Omega^{m-1})/\ker(d^{m-1})$ has a strictly positive spectrum. [[ **:** ]{}]{} $ \Leftrightarrow $ We can interprete the (a priori purely algebraic) $C^*_r(G)$-cochain complex $\hom_{{{\mathbb Z}}G}(C_*(\overline{M}),C^*_r(G)$ as cochain complexes of Hilbert $C^*_r(G)$-chain complexes with adjointable morphisms as differentials by the identification of each cochain module with the direct sum of finitely many copies of $C_*^r(G)$ using cellular ${{\mathbb Z}}G$-basis. There is a $C^*_r(G)$-chain homotopy equivalence (by bounded chain maps and homotopies) $\Omega^*(M;\nu) \to \hom_{{{\mathbb Z}}G}(C_*(\overline{M}),C^*_r(G))$. Hence the image of the $(m-1)$-th differential in $\Omega^*(M;\nu)$ is closed if and only if the same is true for the one in $\hom_{{{\mathbb Z}}G}(C_*(\overline{M}),C^*_r(G))$. The image of a differential in $\hom_{{{\mathbb Z}}G}(C_*(\overline{M}),C^*_r(G))$ is closed if and only if the image is a direct summand in the purely algebraic sense [@Wegge-Olsen(1993) Corollary 15.3.9]. But this is equivalent to the assertion that $\hom_{{{\mathbb Z}}G}(C_*(\overline{M}),C^*_r(G))$ is $C^*_r(G)$-chain homotopy equivalent to a finitely generated projective $C^*_r(G)$-cochain complex whose $(m-1)$-th codifferential is trivial by Lemma \[lem: condition c\_m = 0\]. This is true if and only if $C_*(\overline{M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} C^*_r(G)$ is $C^*_r(G)$-chain homotopy equivalent to $C^*_r(G)$-chain complex with trivial $m$-th differential.\ $ \Rightarrow $ is obvious.\ $\Leftrightarrow $ follows directly from the interpretation of Novikov-Shubin invariants in terms of the homology of $C_*(\overline{M}) \otimes_{{{\mathbb Z}}G} {{\mathcal N}}(G)$ [@Lueck; @(1997a)].\ $\Leftrightarrow $ follows from the fact that the dilatational equivalence class of the spectral density function of the simplicial $m$-th codifferential and the analytic $m$-th codifferential agree. [@Gromov-Shubin(1991)].\ $\Leftrightarrow $ Assertion can be reformulated to the statement that the spectrum of $(d^{m-1})^*d^{m-1}$ for $d^{m-1}$ $(m-1)$-th differential in $\Omega^*(M;\nu)$ has a gap at zero. But this spectrum is the same as the spectrum of $(d^{m-1})^*d^{m-1}$ for $d^{m-1}$ the $(m-1)$-th differential in the deRham complex $L^2\Omega^*(\overline{M})$ of Hilbert spaces which has a gap at zero if and only if is true. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [99]{} *“Chern character for discrete groups”*, A fete of topology, North Holland, Amsterdam, 163–232, (1987). : *“Classifying space for proper actions and $K-$theory of group $C^*-$algebras”*, Contemp. 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Farber, W. Lück and S. Weinberger, Contemporary Mathematics 231. (1999). :*“The coarse Baum-Connes conjecture for spaces which admit a uniform embedding into Hilbert space”*, Invent. Math 139, No 1, 201–240, (2000). Appendix: Mapping tori of special diffeomorphisms\ by\ Matthias Kreck In this appendix we consider the image of the bordism group of diffeomorphisms on smooth manifolds over a $CW$-complex $X$ with finite skeleta under the mapping torus construction. By a diffeomorphism over $X$ we mean a quadrupel $(M, f, g, h)$, where $M$ is a closed oriented smooth manifold, $g$ an orientation preserving diffeomorphism on $M$, $f: M \to X$ a continuous map and $h$ a homotopy between $f$ and $f\circ g$. The role of the homotopy $h$ becomes clear if we consider the mapping torus $M_g := M \times [0,1]/_{(g(x),0) \sim (x,1)}$, which is by projection to the second factor a smooth fibre bundle over $S^1$. Then $h$ allows an extension of $f$ on the fibre over $0$ to a map $\bar h([(x,t)] ) := h(x,t)$ and any such extension gives a homotopy $h$ with the properties above. Following [@K1] we denote the bordism group of these quadrupels by $\Delta _n(X)$. Let $\Omega _{n+1}(X)$ be the bordism group of oriented smooth manifolds with reference map to $X$. The mapping torus construction above gives a homomorphism $ \Delta _{n}(X) \to \Omega _{n+1}(X)$. It was shown in [@K1] for $X$ simply connected and in [@Q1] for general $X$ that for $n$ even this map is surjective. Recently Wolfgang Lück and Eric Leichtnam asked whether the same statement holds if we only allow quadrupels where the map $f$ is $2$-connected and $(M,f)$ represents zero in $\Omega_n(X)$. We call such a quadrupel a *special diffeomorphism* over $X$ and the subset of $\Delta _n(X)$ represented by special diffeorphisms by $S \Delta _n(X)$ (it is not clear to the author whether this subset forms a subgroup). For $X$ simply connected one can conclude from [@K1 §9 ], that $S \Delta _{2n}(X) \to \Omega _{2n+1}(X)$ is surjective. In this note we generalize this to arbitrary complexes $X$.\ [**Theorem:**]{} [*Let $X$ be a $CW$-complex with finite skeleta. For $n \ge 2$ the mapping torus construction gives a surjection $S \Delta _{2n}(X) \to \Omega _{2n+1}(X)$.* ]{}\ [**Proof:**]{} Let $(N,g)$ be an element of $\Omega _{2n+1}(X)$. Consider a representative $(M,r)$ of $0$ in $\Omega _{2n}(X)$. We use the language and results from [@K2]. We consider the fibration $p_2 : X \times BSO \to BSO$ and denote it by $B$. The map $r \times \nu : M \to B$, where $\nu$ is the normal Gauss map, is a normal $B$-structure. By [@K2 Corollary 1] we can replace $(M,r\times \nu)$ up to bordism by a $n$-equivalence $r' \times \nu ': M'\to X \times BSO$ giving a normal $(n-1)$-structure on $M'$. In particular $r' : M' \to X$ is $2$-connected. Now we form the disjoint union $(M' \times I) + N$ and consider the map $q: (M' \times I) + N \to X$ given by $r' p_1$ and $g$, where $p_1: M' \times I \to M'$ is the projection. We want to replace this manifold by a manifold $W$ diffeomorphic to $M \times I$ which is bordant relative boundary over $X$ to $(M'\times I) + N$. If this is possible we are finished since then we glue the two boundary components of $W$ and the maps together to obtain a mapping torus and a map to $X$. This is bordant over $X$ to $(N,g)$ since it is bordant to $((M' \times S^1) + N,r' p_1 + g)$ (note that $(M' \times S^1, r'p_1)$ is zero bordant over $X$). This idea does not work directly. What we will prove is that there is a bordism $W$ between $M' \# m(S ^n \times S^n)$ and $M' \# m(S ^n \times S^n)$ for some $m$ equipped with a map to $X$ which on the two boundary components is the composition of the projection from $M \# m(S^n \times S^n)$ to $M$ and $r'$, such that $W$ is diffeomorphic to $(M' \# m(S^n \times S^n)) \times I$. We further achieve that the manifold obtained by glueing the boundary components of $W$ together is over $X$ bordant to $(N,g)$. This is by the considerations above enough to prove the theorem, since our map from $M \# m(S ^n \times S^n)$ to $X \times BSO$ is again a $n$-equivalence. That this indirect way works follows from [@K2 Theorem 2], which says that we can replace $(M' \times I) + N$ by a sequence of surgeries over $X \times BSO$ and compatible subtractions of tori by an s-cobordism $W$ between $M' \# m(S^n \times S^n)$ and $M' \# m(S^n \times S^n)$ (the fact that the number of $S^n \times S^n$’s one has to add by Theorem 2 to the boundary components of $W$ is equal follows from the equality of the Euler characteristic of the two boundary components). If $n >2$ the $s$-cobordism theorem implies $W$ diffeomorphic to $(M' \# m(S^n \times S^n)) \times I$. If $n =2$ the same is true by the stable $s$-cobordism theorem of [@Q2] after further stabilization of $W$ by forming $k$ times a “connected sum” between $(S^2 \times S^2) \times I$ and $W$ along an embeded arc joining the two boundary components of $W$. To finish the argument one has to note from the definition of compatible subtraction of tori that this process does not affect the bordism class over $X$ for the manifold obtained by glueing the two boundary components together. To see this we recall the definition of subtraction of tori. Consider two disjoint embeddings of $S^n \times D^{n+1}$ into $W$ such that the map to $X$ is constant on both $S^n \times 0$’s. Join each of these embedded tori by an embedded $I \times D^{2n}$ with the two boundary components and subtract the interior of these embedded submanifolds to obtain $W'$. This is the subtraction of a pair of tori used in [@K2 Theorem 2]. The boundary of $W$ consists of two copies of $M \# (S^n \times S^n)$. There is an obvious bordism over $X$ between the manifold obtained from $W$ by identifying the two boundary components and the manifold obtained from $W'$ by identifying the two boundary components. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [**Remark:**]{} In general it is difficult to say much about the special diffeomorphism whose mapping torus is bordant to the given pair $(N,g)$. The main difficulty is the determination of the diffeomorphism. One can obtain some information on $M'$. For example if $X = S^1$ and $n=2$ the proof above shows that we can take for $M'$ the following manifold: $S^1 \times S^3 \# \mathbb {CP}^2 \# \bar {\mathbb {CP}}^2$ and thus the special diffeomorphism lives on $S^1 \times S^3 \# \mathbb {CP}^2 \# \bar {\mathbb {CP}}^2 \# m(S^2 \times S^2)$ for some unknown integer $m$. More generally in dimension $4$ for an arbitrary $X$ one can use instead of $S^1 \times S^3$ the boundary of any thickening of the $2$-skeleton of $X$ in $\mathbb R ^5$. [99]{} : *“Bordism of diffeomorphisms and related topics*, Springer Lecture Notes 1069 (1984). : *“Surgery and duality”*, Annals of Math. 149, 707–754 (1999). : *“Open book decompositions, and the bordism of automorphisms”*, Topology 18, 55–73 (1979). : *“The stable topology of 4-manifolds”*, Top. and its Appl. 15, 71–77 (1983). [^1]: e-mail: [email protected] [^2]: email: [email protected]\ www: http://www.math.uni-muenster.de/u/lueck/org/staff/lueck/ [^3]: email: [email protected] | Mid | [
0.6544622425629291,
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How To: Half Up-do Top Knot Previous Video: http://bit.ly/1EkCpl9 This is a paid for advertorial as part of my work with "All Things Hair" Check out more on the ATH Channel: http://bit.ly/1JyrMex My Links: SECOND CHANNEL: http://youtube.com/morezoella BLOG : http://www.zoella.co.uk FACEBOOK : http://facebook.com/zoe.zoella TWITTER : http://twitter.com/Zozeebo INSTAGRAM : http://instagram.com/Zozeebo TUMBLR : http://zoella.tumblr.com/ SNAPCHAT: OfficialZoella Check out my products: http://bit.ly/1G8SoCs http://bit.ly/1Ctynli Check out my book: http://amzn.to/1OZo9zp Pre-Order Book 2: http://amzn.to/1Q5OY6k Thanks so much for watching and for all your continued support. I am forever grateful to each and every one of you for watching, commenting and being a huge part of this channel and this crazy journey :) *all the hug squeezes* xxx Dance season is coming up, so Brooklyn decided to film a quick half updo that’s perfect for homecoming and prom! She wore this updo to her sophomore homecoming dance, but it’s a fun and easy style to dress up any outfit during the week! To see your own photo recreations of this style featured in our CGH app, feel free to tag your photos on IG with: #CGHTripleTopKnots The #CGHTripleTopKnots is a cute way to change things up with your hairdo. This half updo has three buns that are fluffed out in a half mohawk. This hairstyle is perfect for women, teens, girls of all ages, and is perfect for people with medium to long hair. The hairstyle can be dressed up or down and would look nice at school, work, or in Brooklyn’s case, a dance! Items Needed: Brush, rat-tail comb, 3 small hair elastics, 10-15 bobby pins, hairspray or spray wax {if desired}. Time Requirement: 10 minutes or less Skill Level: Easy To see your own photo recreations of this style featured in our app, feel free to tag your photos on IG with: #CGHTripleTopKnots Please be sure to click the "🔔" next to the SUBSCRIBE button, to join our Notification Squad for #PowerHour each week, and leave a comment below telling me what you would like to see next! 💋's -Mindy Items Needed: Brush, rat-tail comb, spray bottle, 6-8 bobby pins, hairspray {if desired}. Time Requirement: 2-3 minutes Skill Level: Easy ___ We post a new hairstyle tutorial or Behind the Braids family vlog every Sunday night. Jordan and Katie post a guest post hairstyle every Thursday night {7pm CST}! So, please don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel... http://www.youtube.com/user/CuteGirlsHairstyles?sub_confirmation=1 Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/CuteGirlHair Instagram: http://www.Instagram.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/MrsHairdo About Cute Girls Hairstyles: Mindy McKnight is a mother of six children and a teacher of all braids, past, present, and future! Enjoy hundreds of 5-minute hair tutorials that are cute and easy to recreate! Whether you're looking to learn how to create hairstyles such as waterfall braids, french braids, fishtail braids, lace braids, pancake braids, faux braids, plaits, twists, buns, ponytails, updos or something with a little edge... you can find it all here! (We even have Daddy Do's, hairstyles so easy that even a daddy can do them!) You'll also find a "Behind the Braids" family vlog, showing what goes on behind the scenes in our home, every other Sunday! Be sure to subscribe... and prepare for compliments! ___ FTC Disclaimer: This is not a sponsored video. __ 💥SUPERFANS💥: You can help us translate our uploads, and get credit below each video (and be our fav people ever}! Click here to help: http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC2LgZ_4GzSFQS-3a87_Jc6w Please SUBSCRIBE to my channel. I make new videos every week! Visit www.missysue.com to see more photos of this style! --------------------------------------------------------- Let's be friends! Follow MissySue on Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/MissySueBlog Follow MissySue on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/MissySueBlog Follow MissySue on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/MissySueBlog Follow MissySue on Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/MissySueBlog --------------------------------------------------------- Hey :] So these are the 3 main ways I tend to wear my hair if I'm having a top knot day. Twisted: 1:31 Braided: 2:11 Textured: 3:36 Super easy and quick, great if your having a bad hair day and just want it out of the way. All you need is: - Brush - Bobbles - Bobby Pins Hope you like it! x Find me: Twitter - @gemskee Instagram - Gem_skee Blog - http://gemskee.blogspot.co.uk/ Pinterest - http://pinterest.com/Gemske3/ I'm back for round two of the messy top knot hair tutorial. This is such a fun and easy hairstyle to wear on those days when you feel blah about your outfit or simply want to hide your bangs. All you'll need is a hair tie, hand full of bobby pins, and some hairspray! The last time I created this tutorial - hair was longer so I decided to share a new video showing that short hair girls can rock it too! I picked up some new tips on how to perfect the messy top knot even more. This hairstyle isn't going anywhere so after receiving tons of requests, I decided to share the easiest step-by-step routine ever. You ready? If you like what you see, I hope you'll give this video a thumbs up and subscribe to my channel. http://youtube.com/sazanbarzani Hairspray I used: Kerastase Laque Couture anti-humidity hairspray (medium hold) Bobby pins: Black set from Target Hair tie: Thin pack from Target Cheers! {Let's Hang!} FB: @SazanBlog Twitter: @SazBarzani Instagram: @SazanHendrix Blog: www.sazan.me Xo! THIS HAIRSTYLE METHOD CAN BE DONE WITH ALL HAIR TEXTURES AND LENGTHS. BEGINNER FRIENDLY AS WELL ! YOU GUYS HAVE BEEN ASKING FOR IT AS WELL ;) ♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡♡ places to find me!: Snapchat: astleyj Instagram: http://instagram.com/blaican twitter: https://twitter.com/blaican email : [email protected] -------------------------------------------------------- FAQ: How old are you? 18 Race? Black (Jamaican background) Where do you live? California What camera do you use? canon t5i -------------------------------------------------------- Subscribe / Like / Comment :) I love this super trendy and effortless half up top knot. Recreate it, mess it up a bit and add your own twist to it! :) I'm wearing my Luxy Hair extensions in Ombre Chestnut http://www.bit.ly/LuxyHairExtensions Music: Kaasi - Lucy Stone https://soundcloud.com/itskaasi/lucy-stone https://soundcloud.com/itskaasi Remember to check out our new hair blog http://www.blog.luxyhair.com Once you did this hair style, snap a quick pic and post it on your instagram with #luxyhair , I'd love to see it and I will feature my favourites on our Luxy Hair Instagram http://instagram.com/luxyhair Thank you for watching! :) Please remember to LIKE, SHARE and SUBSCRIBE for more hair tutorials :) xx Mimi ♥ Instagram - http://instagram.com/luxyhair ♥ instagram Mimi - http://instagram.com/mimiikonn ♥ Facebook - Luxy Hair - http://www.facebook.com/luxyhair COMMENT RULES: Everyone is welcome to our channel which is like our home. Here we treat you to an entertaining video that we put a lot of work and love into and we expect our guests to be polite and respectful. Wouldn't you expect the same? We do not tolerate any rude or irrelevant comments. If these rules are not followed, the comment will be deleted and the user may be blocked. Spread LOVE and thank you for watching! Like if you enjoy multiple hairstyle tutorials and comment with how you would wear the half top knot! If you're like me, you love a good quick half up half down hairstyle that you can do in 5 minutes! This one is great for school or every day, and it's a great way to hold on to easy summer hair as we transition into fall! Follow and Chat with me at: **Instagram: KayleyMelissa **Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/kayleymelissa **Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/kayleymelissa **Twitter: http://twitter.com/kayleymelissa **Second Channel: www.youtube.com/letsmakeitup2 **For business inquiries: [email protected] Be sure to SUBSCRIBE { https://goo.gl/CnpGtS }to our channel for all the latest videos!! Try out this easy & cute toddler/ little girl hairstyle! Double Top Knot Buns work great on short or long hair lengths, and are perfect for keeping her hair out of her face while she runs and plays. (It's been tried and tested by our little one! ;)). #phifdoubletopknot Hair Instructions: For this hairstyle you will need: 2 strong elastics Couple of bobby pins Comb to part with Water bottle & Hairspray if desired I also curled her ends with a 1 inch curling iron. Difficulty level: Easy Time: 1-5 minutes To watch the video listed at the end of this video, click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE8AGHB7kxU&src_vid=iDYe02g4G5E&annotation_id=annotation_1243851715&feature=iv For more pics of this style, check out www.prettyhairisfun.com; Join our Email List: http://www.prettyhairisfun.com/join-o... Facebook at http://www.prettyhairisfun.com/facebook Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/shaunellshair Twitter https://twitter.com/shaunellshair And be sure to SUBSCRIBE (https://www.youtube.com/feed/subscrip...) to our channel for all the latest videos!! Royalty Free Music by http://www.audiomicro.com/royalty-fre... Category Howto & Style License Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) Remix this video Top knot is a super versatile, cute, and easy. It's perfect for second day hair or a bad hair day. Short haired girls can wear top knots too! Connect with me! http://www.facebook.com/MaNouvelleMode https://twitter.com/NataliaLSimmons http://pinterest.com/manouvellemode/ http://instagram.com/natalialsimmons Come meet our family at CVX Live at the UCCU center on Aug 7-8th, 2015 in Orem Utah! Tickets are available here... http://www.cutegirlshairstyles.com/CVXlive __ Hi guys, its me, Bailey! Today it's my turn! This Half-Up Bun hairstyle is a popular one right now, one that girls are wearing everywhere! Our mom has worn it in past tutorials, Brooklyn has been wearing it a ton lately, so I decided to show you not only how to create it, but a few different base styles you can use with it! To see your own photo recreations of this style featured in our app, feel free to tag your photos on IG with: #CGHHalfUpBun This half-up half-down hairstyle is perfect when you want your hair down, but out of your face. You can wear it with straight, wavy, or curly hair, too! This style is perfect for girls of all ages, and, yes, even men with long hair! Rylan is wearing this with her hair straight, I am wearing it with waves, and our mom is wearing it with curly hair. Our mom also parted out a few whispy strands to frame her face, for a more grown up look. Please be sure to give this video a BIG "👍" if you loved it, and leave a comment below telling us how you would wear this bun, and where you are from! 💋's -Bailey Items Needed: Brush, rat-tail comb, spray bottle, 1 ponytail holder, 4-6 small bobby pins, hairspray {if desired}. Time Requirement: 3 minutes Skill Level: Easy Shop Rylan's Outfit: * Shirt: http://bit.ly/1BT3Onu * Shorts: http://bit.ly/1KOnpKs * Sandals: http://bit.ly/1cFaEGs {similar} OR http://bit.ly/1eWQ9qG {similar} Shop Bailey's Outfit: * Shirt: http://bit.ly/1HUFGmv * Shorts: http://bit.ly/1BT3BAK * Sandals: http://bit.ly/1T5CWvf * Necklace: http://bit.ly/1AUMq6V OR http://bit.ly/1QgcwrG OR http://bit.ly/1Kj5j5k OR http://bit.ly/1F3b5ks To see step-by-step instructions and more photos of this style, please visit... http://www.cutegirlshairstyles.com __ We post a new hairstyle tutorial every Sunday night {7pm CST}! So, please don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel... http://bit.ly/VovoC9 Follow CGH on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles Follow CGH on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/CuteGirlHair Follow CGH on Pinterest, and see my "Try" board... http://www.pinterest.com/MrsHairdo Follow CGH on Instagram and see unpublished photos of our family: http://www.instagram.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles ___ FTC Disclaimer: This is not a sponsored video. ___ Music: Freshmen Year by Peter McIsaac Music Link: http://www.premiumbeat.com/royalty_free_music/songs/freshman-year License #595619: Purchased non-exclusive Standard commercial use SUBSCRIBE for more videos! http://bit.ly/gwgsubscribe CHECK OUT a few of our favorite videos http://bit.ly/gwg_favs I'm obsessed with top knots. It's one of my favorite hair dos, and it's so simple. Summer shares 3 different top knot styles, in hopes one of them will work for you.Thanks for watching our #mombeautymonday. Welcome back ! WATCH IN 1080P HD ! **CLICK THE BELL** Hello beautiful ! Thanks for tuning in ! Today im going to demonstrate how I achieve my Top Knot Bun ! However this isn't your typical Top Knot tutorial ! Here's the twist : ADDED height ! So thanks for watching , and if you LIKE this video , SMASH the like button ! If you like me, Cra'Deja , SUBCRIBE to my channel ! Its free :) Have a question or want to give feedback ? COMMENT HUN ! I LOVEEE interacting with you all ! Hope you had a very Merry Christmas and I wish for you to have a PROSPEROUS year :) -Xoxo Dee Bantu Knot Out - https://youtu.be/L0H5FC5xenE Natural Hair Journey - https://youtu.be/dyqkmH3ve64 From Curly to Straight - https://youtu.be/1Sb5hUoJSgI Social Media: - Snapchat: smoochsmooch99 - Twitter: @VogueDeee - IG: @CraDeja YouNow: @CraDejaC Business Inquiries: - Email: [email protected] Brooklyn teaches us how to create her new easy hairstyle, the Double-Bun Half Up! This is Brooklyn's favorite Cute Girls Hairstyles tutorial that she's ever done. It takes under 3 minutes to recreate, with a very helpful hair hack to make the twists! Click to watch the video! Watch Shaun take Paisley on her First Date in our last vlog, HERE! https://youtu.be/mPYFaclQj6c We've been showing you messy buns and twisty buns since the very beginning of this channel back in 2009, yet Brooklyn taught me her own twist hack in this video that would have saved me lots of time over the years! You'll love it! With soft wand curls as the base, you could also use 2nd-day braids to add wave to the hair, or you could simply wear it with straight hair! This hairstyle would be beautiful on any base! This style is quick and easy, and is great for long or medium hair. To see your own photo recreations of this style featured in our app, feel free to tag your photos on IG with: #CGHDoubleBunHalfUp Brooklyn also shows us her tip to adding volume above the ears using dry shampoo, so be sure to look for that! BrooklynAndBailey both use this hair style on mornings when they don't have much time left before school. And we promise your friends will think you spent a long time on it! As Brooklyn mentioned, please be sure to comment below who from the CGH family you would like to see a DIY hairstyles from next! 💋's -Mindy Items Needed: Brush, rat-tail comb, spray bottle, hair elastics, 6-10 bobby pins, dry shampoo, and hairspray {if desired}. Time Requirement: 3-5 minutes Skill Level: Easy ___ We post a new hairstyle tutorial or Behind the Braids family vlog every Sunday night. Jordan and Katie post a guest post hairstyle every Thursday night {7pm CST}! So, please don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel... http://www.youtube.com/user/CuteGirlsHairstyles?sub_confirmation=1 Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/CuteGirlHair Instagram: http://www.Instagram.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles Pinterest: http://www.pinterest.com/MrsHairdo About Cute Girls Hairstyles: Mindy McKnight is a mother of six children and a teacher of all braids, past, present, and future! Enjoy hundreds of 5-minute hair tutorials that are cute and easy to recreate! Whether you're looking to learn how to create hairstyles such as waterfall braids, french braids, fishtail braids, lace braids, pancake braids, faux braids, plaits, twists, buns, ponytails, updos or something with a little edge... you can find it all here! (We even have Daddy Do's, hairstyles so easy that even a daddy can do them!) You'll also find a "Behind the Braids" family vlog, showing what goes on behind the scenes in our home, every other Sunday! Be sure to subscribe... and prepare for compliments! ___ FTC Disclaimer: This is not a sponsored video. __ 💥SUPERFANS💥: Please help us translate this video, and get credit below! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=MDOAxstKnAQ&ref=share AND you can help me translate MORE of my channel by clicking here! http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC2LgZ_4GzSFQS-3a87_Jc6w 2 EASY Top Knot Hair Tutorial/ Everyday hairstyles for school / college / work / Easy Bun Hairstyles.. Watch more Bun Hairstyles- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-xGHllEY_BxmlYlbN0zGMFk Top knots and buns are hairstyle essentials through out the year.. You can pair it up with a formal outfit or on a causal day out..I Adore Top knots be it sleek and sexy, or Tousled and messy.. Ive come up with 2 easy ways of mastering the Top Knot for medium to thick hair and for Thin to Fine hair.. Hope this helps a lot of you'll More How to Videos/ Tips and Tricks- 1) How to :Get volume in your hair/ No teasing no products: https://youtu.be/ixvugWNAnvE?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 2) How to: Straighten Hair perfectly with a hair straightener: https://youtu.be/Y5rela_C99c?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 3) How to: Curl your hair with a hair straightener - https://youtu.be/BvuJFEF9Yls?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 4) Back to School Heatless Hairstyles- https://youtu.be/-zQ1UOTnT_Q?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 5) How to: Create a perfect Pouf/ no teasing no products no back combing- https://youtu.be/8M6I-pYM2h8?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 7) How to: Curl your hair in 5 mins: https://youtu.be/AiSWJsaq-ZQ?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 8) How to: Smoothen Hair at home naturally- https://youtu.be/OijgtYuOqEs?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 9) How to straighten hair without Heat: https://youtu.be/RoxA71HpLck?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 10) How to: Big Voluminous Hair - https://youtu.be/C1n92ZDjZiA?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 11) Hair care tips for Hair- https://youtu.be/HXfRCGgZPZk?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 12) Everyday make up routine- https://youtu.be/P7UJDcFr4KU?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 13) DIY Homemade hair mask for dry managed hair- https://youtu.be/zQjHrOpJNow?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp 14) Hair care for Coloured hair- https://youtu.be/B9eK0l5ZPV0?list=PL_iuWkUR1d-ySWMSZwPcrXQ2yR_g7JHdp Give this video a thumbs up, Comment below and let me know if there is anything you would want me to re create.. Subscribe for more such videos: https://goo.gl/Q9yTb7 Spread the love ♥ ♥ ♥ Follow my page on facebook for daily tips and tricks: https://goo.gl/TRKzDb Hair donnut/bun- - From any beauty supply store.. Preferably take the darker one in brown for black if you have darker hair.. and the lighter one for blonde hair BRAID AWAY AND HAVE FUN MY LOVES!! ♥ ♥ ♥ Follow me on: Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/knot_me_pre... Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/Knot-me-pret... Roposo- http://www.roposo.com/@knot_me_pretty Like, Share, Comment and Subscribe. The popular and trendy half "top knot" is a cute and easy hairstyle for school, work, casual activities, dates, or even more formal occasions. For today's video tutorial we show 4 fun variations. Hairstyle #1 - French braid with braided bun. Hairstyle #2 - Double cornrows with braided bun. Hairstyle #3 - Double twist backs with rope braid bun. Hairstyle #4 - Elastic braid with folded twist bun. All of these half up hairstyles are "mix and match" meaning the pulled back front section can be changed up with any type of bun. (Braided, twisted, messy buns, donut buns, etc.) Although half up bun hairstyles have been a popular among teens and preteens, these styles would also be great for women and little girls.... and maybe even guys (the man bun!) P.S. Be sure to check back next week for "top knots part 2!" We have more fun variations filmed that I'm sure you will love. Have you watched our other popular hairstyle tutorials? A few of our most watched, trending, and best hairstyle videos below: • Twisted Edge Fishtail Braid • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4fTz0tXJbc • How To Make A Perfect Ballet Bun • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=882m4QKu0sg * No Heat Curls, Bandana Spirals * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cI-iNvF5P4 • How To French Braid For Beginners • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPE1ktvWXsY&t=2s • Pinwheel Bun Tutorial • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-SE5GiS4IA If you try this #hairstyle, feel free to take a picture and post it on Instagram with the hashtag #hair4myprincess. We love to feature our favorites on our Princess Hairstyles Instagram account: http://instagram.com/hair4myprincess *Thanks for watching! Please subscribe: http://youtube.com/hair4myprincess *Find more hair tutorials on our website: http://princesshairstyles.com *Facebook: http://facebook.com/princesshairstyles *Instagram: http://instagram.com/hair4myprincess *Twitter: http://twitter.com/hair4myprincess *Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/hair4myprincess *Our Free App Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.javatech.android.princesshairstyles Princess Hairstyles YouTube Channel features hair tutorials for Princesses of all ages and places! On this channel you will find quick and easy hair tutorials as well as how to braid intricate, complicated and unique hair styles. Cute hairstyles, beautiful hairstyles, and the best simple everyday hairstyles, easy braids, messy buns, last-minute hairstyles, back-to-school hairstyles, hair hacks, hairstyle compilations, hairstyles for a wedding, prom hairstyles, updo tutorials, fishtail braids, waterfall braids, tutorials for long hair, pull through braids, wedding hair inspiration, hairstyles for medium hair, half up, half down hairstyles, tutorials for short hair, hairstyles for layered hair, new hairstyles, 5 minute hairstyles, braided hairstyles, and more! *Royalty free background music from the YouTube library. Click HERE to watch BrooklynAndBailey's hilarious "School's-Out" Backpack Tag! http://youtu.be/FTGPmCXzoJg?list=UU6QWhGQqf0YDYdRb0n6ojWw Time for another updo hairstyle! For anyone who loves Top Knots, or High Buns, this hairdo is for you! This updo truly has an Audrey Hepburn look to it, and it can be dressed up or down depending on what you are wearing. In this video, Brooklyn is wearing the style with jeans and a t-shirt. To see your own photo recreations of this style featured in our app, feel free to tag your photos on IG with: #CGHFanBun Brooklyn, who volunteered for today's tutorial, had surgery last week to remove two cysts from her wrist. So.. she's been wearing a wrap around her wrist while it heals. Please be sure to leave a comment wishing Brooklyn well, and let us know if you've ever had surgery! Please also be sure to give this video a BIG "👍" if you loved it! 💋's -Mindy Items Needed: Brush, rat-tail comb, spray bottle, 1 ponytail holder, 6-8 bobby pins, hairspray or spray wax {if desired}. Time Requirement: 3-5 minutes Skill Level: Easy Mindy's In-Video Outfit: * Shirt: http://bit.ly/1FNfY57 * Pants: http://bit.ly/1GOTouS * Shoes: {black} http://bit.ly/1JhN3Zi * Bracelet: http://bit.ly/1FVILWx * Necklace: {similar} http://bit.ly/1ELqVjA Brooklyn's In-Video Outfit: * Shirt: {similar} http://bit.ly/1dF4bg5 * Pants: http://bit.ly/1Jc7d8I * Shoes: http://bit.ly/1QjuIvm To see step-by-step instructions and more photos of this style, please visit... http://www.cutegirlshairstyles.com ___ We post a new hairstyle tutorial every Sunday night {7pm CST}! So, please don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel... http://bit.ly/VovoC9 Follow CGH on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles Follow CGH on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/CuteGirlHair Follow CGH on Pinterest, and see my "Try" board... http://www.pinterest.com/MrsHairdo Follow CGH on Instagram and see unpublished photos of our family: http://www.instagram.com/CuteGirlsHairstyles ___ FTC Disclaimer: This is not a sponsored video. ___ Music: It's Alright by Charity Vance (http://www.youtube.com/CharityVanceMusic) iTunes Link: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/love-me-ep/id818294153?uo=4&at=1l3v7Rs License: Personal emailed permission from Charity herself. Learn how to rock a man bun or top knot ● INSTAGRAM - http://goo.gl/jmK8if ● SUBSCRIBE - https://goo.gl/RQdFEH ● Snapchat - xmadeinbrazil ● Twitter - https://goo.gl/ML7aaw ● Facebook - http://goo.gl/BYNdnw Topic of discussion: How long is your hair right now? This video has been requested so many times! Today I show you my current hairstyle and how to get a man bun or top knot for men. This undercut man bun is obviously a huge trend for men's hairstyle and it's super versatile. Keep your hair on the longer side and put it up in a man bun or top knot and you'll be ready to go! I wear my man bun at the gym, at home, and even when I go out with friends. Would you ever rock the top knot? Let me know in the comments down below! Check out my latest videos: Makeover Goals: https://goo.gl/WhCb5s My Shoe Collection: https://goo.gl/UEIVRw Laser Hair Removal for Men: https://goo.gl/CLZJ0C Dear 2015: https://goo.gl/uA1q5V On my channel you will find videos about health, fitness, fashion, men's fashion, favorites, lifestyle, and of course, my personal life. This includes my friends, family, and work, so please be mindful and keep a positive vibe in the comment section. Don't forget to subscribe and make sure to hit that like button if you enjoyed the video! 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Scene from Party In America NURU masseuse Sophia Leone takes care of Marcus real well. Hot Latina Babe Sexy bod that has big firm breasts and shaven taco box looking so damn tasty. Petite Latina Sex Hot babe Ria Rodriguez gets taken from behind before riding him good. Pigtails Latina Cheerleader Strips To Masturbate Petite sweetie outside stripping her uniform to please herself. Silvana And Claire Out in the backyard these two Latinas slowly start to get naked. Young Mexican Pussy 19 yr old sweetheart Maria is wearing boots while exposing tiny tits and part furry bush. Latina Pear From Miami In the bedroom slowly exposing her soft tits and belly in pics. Mexican Girl Pantie Teases Sweet young lady in her underwear showing off her ass and crotch. Larger Natural Breasts Latin Babe In her shorts Natalia pulls back her blouse releasing her lusty boobs. | Low | [
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Gaming machines, such as slot machines, video poker machines and the like, have been a cornerstone of the gaming industry for several years. Generally, the popularity of such machines with players is dependent on the likelihood (or perceived likelihood) of winning money at the machine and the intrinsic entertainment value of the machine relative to other available gaming options. Where the available gaming options include a number of competing machines and the expectation of winning at each machine is roughly the same (or believed to be the same), players are likely to be attracted to the most entertaining and exciting machines. Shrewd operators consequently strive to employ the most entertaining and exciting machines, features, and enhancements available because such machines attract frequent play and hence increase profitability to the operator. Therefore, there is a continuing need for gaming machine manufacturers to continuously develop new games and improved gaming enhancements that will attract frequent play through enhanced entertainment value to the player. One way that players may experience a heightened entertainment level while playing the wagering game is when the player senses that he or she has a better chance of achieving a winning outcome. In some wagering games, there are symbol arrays that are displayed to the player and that provide the multiple opportunities for winning outcomes. The present invention is directed to a wagering game having multiple symbol arrays, wherein one of the symbol arrays triggers the placement of symbols in the other symbol array in a manner that provides the player with a heightened entertainment level because the player perceives that he or she has a better opportunity for achieving a winning outcome. | Mid | [
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Eighteen-year-old Callum Hudson-Odoi is ranked as the third-best teenager in the world, behind only fellow English countryman Jadon Sancho of Borussia Dortmund and Real Madrid’s Vinicius Junior. Hudson-Odoi has netted six goals and six assists in 24 appearances in all competitions in the 2018/19 season. He also received his first senior call-up to the England national team, only four days after receiving his first U21 call-up. Read: Hudson-Odoi's sublime schoolboy skills! Ethan Ampadu is the highest-ranking defender on the list and the 14th best teenager in the world. The 18-year-old Welsh international has made five appearances in all competitions in the 2018/19 season, and seven appearances in the Premier League 2. Ampadu was also called-up for international duty but withdrew from the Wales team due to a back injury. Ethan Ampadu was previously named to Goal’s 2018 NxGn list, along with Chelsea teammate Mason Mount, who is ineligible for this year’s list at the age of 20. | Mid | [
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Dan Hanegby, the 36-year-old man killed by a commercial bus driver in Chelsea this June, did not swerve into a bus moments before he was fatally struck, prosecutors said Tuesday. Instead, the criminal complaint against bus driver Dave Lewis states that he honked at Hanegby, then struck and killed the cyclist in the process of passing him. Security camera footage viewed by Gothamist this summer appeared to contradict the preliminary NYPD statements and media reports that Hanegby "swerved" away from a parked vehicle on the morning of June 12th before he was fatally struck on West 26th Street between Eighth and Seventh Avenues. Lewis's criminal complaint, made public today more than four months after the incident, has no account of Hanegby swerving. Rather, NYPD Detective Jose Diaz states that he viewed surveillance footage showing Hanegby riding his bike on West 26th Street ahead of the bus. "I then observed on the video the bus attempt to and successfully overtake and pass said bicyclist, at which point the bus struck said bicyclist," Diaz stated. Bystander Michael O'Connor spoke to Lewis right after the crash, according to the complaint. Lewis allegedly told O'Connor that he saw Hanegby riding in the center of the road, then honked his horn but "wasn't sure if the bicyclist heard him because the cyclist was wearing headphones." Lewis then allegedly passed the cyclist, "heard a commotion," felt "something," and looked in the bus mirror, seeing Hanegby on the ground. Hanegby was the first Citi Bike rider to die while using the bike share system, which launched in 2013. Lewis, 52, appeared in Manhattan Criminal Court on a desk appearance ticket Tuesday, following his September 5th arrest. He stood silently alongside his private counsel in a suit vest and matching slacks while prosecutors summarized the allegations. The Manhattan District Attorney's Office then offered Lewis a plea deal amounting to a $1,000 fine, driver remediation classes, and a six month license suspension. Lewis was charged under New York's Right of Way Law, a misdemeanor leveraged against drivers who fail to exercise due care. Transit activists consider the 2015 law to be a hard-won victory, though the top consequences are relatively minor: up to thirty days in jail and $500 in fines. Lewis's lesser charge is failure to exercise due care as a violation. Jeremy Saland, Lewis's lawyer, declined to say Tuesday whether his client will take the plea, and declined to comment on Hanegby's alleged trajectory on West 26th Street, but insisted vehemently that his client is not at fault. "First and foremost Mr. Lewis is distraught and upset," Saland told Gothamist. "Obviously this was a horrific incident. And he feels for the family and the suffering they went through and will continue to go through. He's a compassionate person. He's an honest, good person. And unfortunately this is a terrible, horrendous accident, not a crime of intent, not a crime of recklessness, not a crime of negligence—an accident." Following Lewis's arrest, Transportation Alternatives spokeswoman Caroline Samponaro said stronger charges were merited. "I think it's another example of Manhattan District Attorney Cy Vance not using his position to set a higher standard here," she said. "We've seen the ways in which it still falls on the shoulders of the families of victims to insist that DAs bring more appropriate charges to better reflect the outcome of death. The fallback is not to do that." Steve Vaccaro, an attorney who often represents cyclists and pedestrians in traffic crashes, agreed that stiffer charges were merited, referencing Lewis's alleged decision to honk. "That means he saw Hanegby and apparently decided to invade space that was Hanegby's right of way," Vaccaro said via emial. "That should definitely have drawn a manslaughter charge." What he was offered instead is "towards the upper end of the penalties that you would face for public urination or riding a bike on the sidewalk," he added. Lewis's next court appearance has been set for January 9th. He was released on his own recognizance. Hudson Trail Lines operates the private bus involved in the June crash. Spokesman Sean Hughes told Gothamist at the time that the company was cooperating with authorities and that "safety is our top priority." Hughes said Tuesday that Lewis is no longer employed by Hudson Trail Lines, but declined to clarify when he left the company, or whether he was fired in response to the fatal crash. Hughes also said that it would be "inappropriate" to comment on pending litigation. This story has been updated with comment from Vaccaro. | Mid | [
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Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) impose a substantial health burden, with nearly 200,000 cases and 75,000 deaths per year. Investigation of disease pathogenesis has focused largely on determinants of injury, however to date the focus on early events has not translated into clinically useful therapies. Using a mouse model of direct lung injury with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (IT LPS), we identified lymphocyte influx into the alveolar compartment that correlated with resolution of injury. To test a potential role for lymphocytes in this process, we examined the response to IT LPS in lymphocyte-deficient Rag-1 null mice. Wild type (WT) and Rag-1 null mice exhibited similar injury patterns up to four days after LPS, however Rag-1 null mouse had profoundly impaired resolution, while WT mice completely recovered by day 10. In particular, inflammation persisted through day 10 in the Rag-1 null mice. Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) into Rag-1 null mice mediated resolution of injury, with clearance of inflammation and normalization of histologic changes. Preliminary studies indicate that Tregs likely mediate resolution of lung injury after bleomycin exposure as well, suggesting a general role for Tregs in resolution of lung injury. In vitro studies demonstrated that Tregs alter macrophage function, including altered cytokine expression profiles and phagocytosis, and enhance neutrophil apoptosis, consistent with facilitation of the transition from a pro-inflammatory microenvironment to one of recovery. We hypothesize that Tregs mediate resolution of acute lung injury by altering macrophage and neutrophil function in the alveolar compartment. We propose three aims to examine this hypothesis: 1) To examine the effectiveness of Tregs in mediating resolution of injury in distinct models of lung injury; 2) To examine mechanisms by which Tregs mediate resolution of alveolar inflammation; and 3) To identify mechanisms intrinsic to Tregs that contribute to their function. We believe these studies will provide insights into resolution of lung injury, and will provide the impetus for identification of novel therapies to accelerate resolution in humans with ALI/ARDS. The focus on T regulatory cells or their products as mediators of resolution in lung injury is novel, and may provide new insights into a syndrome for which available therapies are extremely limited. PROJECT NARRATIVE. Acute lung injury is a potentially devastating clinical condition for which few therapies are available. We have identified an important role for a distinct subset of lymphocytes that are critical to achieve resolution of injury. These findings indicate new areas in which potential targets for therapy can be sought. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] | High | [
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Inspect Install Deploy Release Notes ### 3.1.53.0 (2016-03-15) * AWS Database Migration Service - Added support for the new AWS Database Migration Service. Cmdlets for the service share the noun prefix 'DMS' and can be listed with the command 'Get-AWSCmdletName -Service dms'. * AWS CodeDeploy - Added new cmdlet Get-CDDeploymentGroupBatch to support the new BatchGetDeploymentGroups API. * Amazon Simple Email Service - Added new cmdlets Get-SESIdentityMailFromDomainAttributes (GetIdentityMailFromDomainAttributes API) and Set-SESIdentityMailFromDomain (SetIdentityMailFromDomain API) to support custom MAIL FROM domains. For more information see the service release notes at http://aws.amazon.com/releasenotes/Amazon-SES/8381987420423821. | Mid | [
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Pages Tuesday, May 3, 2011 Operation Searchlight In Khulna - Kusthia & Rajshahi Operation Searchlight was a dirty military operation in Bangladesh’s history. It was carried out by the Pakistan Army to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in the erstwhile East Pakistan in March 1971. It is known as “The Dark Night of Bangladesh”. This operation ordered by the central government of West Pakistan. The original plan envisioned taking control of the major cities on March 26, and then eliminating all opposition, political or military, within one month. Prolonged Bengali resistance was not anticipated by the Pakistani planners. Thesesystematic killings enraged the Bengalis, who declared independence from Pakistan (March 26), to achieve the new state of Bangladesh with Indo-Soviet backing. The 5th EPR wing with 4 companies was in Khulna. But they did not have any Bengali officers attached to it. One company was posted in Khulna itself, while the others were posted at Kaliganj, Kalaroa and Satkhira. Two platoons were posted in the sector Headquarter at Jessore. There were a number of Bengali police and Bengali squads in the city as well. The 22nd Frontier Force regiment (Commanded by Lt. Col. Shams) had at least 75% strength and they were posted in Khulna, attached to the 107th brigade. On March 25 in Khulna, Pakistani forces arrested the Bengali EPR personnel and some political leaders and they also maintained their positions throughout the whole operation. On March 28, there were big clashes in the city and many Bengali people were killed. A Pakistani squad column from Jessore had reached the city after brushing aside two clumsy ambushes by a mixed force of volunteers, army and police on March 28. Operation Searchlight had anticipated Jessore garrison reinforcing Khulna, but ironically the Khulna detachment was requested to provide reinforcements for Jessore. Kusthia: A Pakistani squad from the 27th Baluch stayed at Kusthia. In Kusthia, Pakistani squads were given the following objectives: 1. Secure the telephone exchange. 2. Take control and secure the whole town. 3. Establish a presence in the town. EPR 4 wing (commanded by Major Abu Osman Chowdhury – Bengali) with 5 companies headquarter near at Kusthia. One company in the headquarters and others were posted at Dhopkhali, Jadobpur (on the border), Pryagpur and Bodyanathtala. Kushtia police line housed a substantial police squad. This wing had the full fill of anti tank weapons and mortars in addition to the usual infantry weapons. After the Pakistani crackdown on the night of March 25, many police and Bengali volunteers also joined the EPR. On March 25 around 11:30 PM, 27th Baluch Company moved to Kushtia in 13 vehicles from Jessore cantonment. They disarmed 500 police personnel and took control of the Police lines. Then the commander of 27th Baluch spread out his forces and set up outposts at the town Police headquarter, Telephone exchange and VHF Radio Station and District school. Then Pakistani squad disabled the telephone and telegraph lines. By 26 March 6 AM a curfew imposed and the town was calm for the next 48 hours. On March 28, some of the police managed to escape and join the EPR at Chuadanga. Bengali forces were alerted about the Pakistani squads. The EPR sector no 4 was headquartered in Rahshaji but it contained no Bengali officers. About a company of EPR squads were at the sector headquarter in Rajshahi. EPR wing no: 6 with 4 companies were attached to the Rajshshi sector. It had no Bengali officers and its companies were at the Wing Headquarter, and on the Indian border at Godagari, Mankosha and Charghat. EPR wing no: 7 (commanded by Nazmul Huq – Bengali) with 5 companies was also attached to the Rajshshi sector. Its companies were at the Wing Headquarter and on the Indian border between Panchbibi and Rohanpur. Bengali volunteers and police were also present in Rajshahi. On March 25, the commander of 25 Punjab Baluch (Lt. Col. Shafqat) was away and joined his squad. As the plan, he sent a squad to Pabna, on the same day to establish Pakistani presence. Pakistan squads began patrolling Rajshahi from March 25 and the situation was normal, if tense the following day. Bengali police had dug bunkers in Rajshahi expecting an attack, but nothing happened. During March 25 to 26, EPR 6 Wing squads at Nawabgaung did not face anything unusual. But the situation at Naogaon was different. On March 23, Bengali squads at Rohanpur had clashed with Pakistani squads and on March 26 soldiers at Naogaon revolted after receiving news of the countrywide Pakistani crackdown. The Bengali squads managed to imprison all Pakistani personnel while they were at dinner. Major Nazmul Haque joined his squads and began assembling the wing companies at Naogaon. At Nawabgaung, Pakistani EPR squads suddenly attacked Bengali squads on the same day, but were forced to surrender after a 4 hour battle. On March 27, the 6 wing soldiers contacted Major Nazmul Haque at Naogaon and also joined the revolt. After that, Bangladesh Liberation War was continued with Mukti Bahini and it concluded with the unconditional surrender of Pakistan forces on December 16, 1971. Read a lot of blogs specially interesting ones like your blog, Good post! I accidentally found your site on the internet, I am going to be coming back here yet again.Love Information Is Beautiful. Keep posting.Read a lot of blogs specially BlogspotAll in all varieties site's Online Search all Important for all Bangladesh is a glorious wonderful and peaceful country in the world. Bangladesh is jealousy for its beauty. It is fill up with many problems but Bangladeshi people are happy than any other country, which doesn’t found anywhere in the world by exchanging money or any value. Knowing any wrong information about my country, you will not unpleasant. You can inform us for any kind of information at: [email protected] or [email protected] | Mid | [
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[The effect of intraoperative mild hypothermia on the development of perioperative cardiac ischemia]. We evaluated the risk of perioperative cardiac ischemia associated with mild hypothermia as adjunct management for neurosurgical procedures. Forty-seven elective neurosurgical patients were randomly assigned to either hypothermic group (H, n = 24) or normothermic one (N, n = 23). Patients in group H were cooled to and maintained at 34.5 degrees C (tympanic membrane temperature) and rewarmed after main neurosurgical manipulation, while those in group N were kept in normothermic state. Cardiac ischemia was diagnosed with Holter electrocardiogram monitored for 24 hours after admission to the operating room. No differences were observed in demographic data including age, gender, weight, height, rate of having cardiac disease, anesthesia methods, and contents of surgery. Temperature was significantly lower in group H than N both at the lowest point (34.6 +/- 0.5 vs 35.9 +/- 0.6, mean +/- SD) and at the conclusion of anesthesia (35.9 +/- 0.9 vs 36.5 +/- 0.5). Electrocardiographic ST segmental depression was observed in 3 (group H) and 5 cases (group N), and postoperative shivering occurred in 3 (group H) and 2 cases (group N), respectively. Those incidences were not statistically significant (chi-square test, P was set at 0.05). We concluded that intraoperative mild hypothermia might not increase the risk of perioperative cardiac ischemia in patients for neurosurgical procedures. | High | [
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Now Commenting On: No matter the opponent, CC tabbed for Game 1 No matter the opponent, CC tabbed for Game 1 TORONTO -- The easiest decision that the Yankees will face in the playoffs has already been made. CC Sabathia has been told to prepare to pitch Game 1 of the American League Division Series. Naming Sabathia to kick off the postseason was just a formality for the Yankees after he helped clinch the club's 15th playoff appearance in 16 years, pitching New York to a 6-1 victory over the Blue Jays on Tuesday at Rogers Centre. "He's a No. 1, an ace," Yankees manager Joe Girardi said. "I think it's probably the easiest way to describe him. You get wins, you get outstanding performances. He stops losing streaks. He wins games. He gives you innings, he gives the bullpen a night off. He's tremendous." With 8 1/3 innings of one-run, three-hit ball against Toronto, Sabathia improved to 21-7 with a 3.18 ERA in 34 starts this season, his second wearing pinstripes. Girardi said after the game that "you can bank on" Sabathia pitching Game 1, and the left-hander said the honor "never" gets old. "I went to the playoffs my first year in Cleveland [in 2001] and I took it for granted," Sabathia said. "I didn't get back until Year 8. To be able to get in two years in a row and be able to start Game 1 feels good." Last year, as the Yankees rushed toward their 27th World Series title, Sabathia was 3-1 with a 1.98 ERA in the postseason, limiting opponents to three earned runs or fewer in all five starts. The Game 1 starter in all three rounds, Sabathia was named the MVP of the AL Championship Series against the Angels, winning both starts with a 1.13 ERA. He could be in line for more honors for his 2010 regular-season performance. "Two words -- Cy Young. No doubt," outfielder Nick Swisher said. "He's been our horse all year long, he's done a tremendous job, just like everybody in this locker room." In 2009, Sabathia beat the Twins in Game 1 of the AL Division Series, something he might have the chance to try again, depending on how the postseason matchups shake out. But whatever the assignment, the 30-year-old vows to be prepared. "I feel like I can handle a little more," Sabathia said. "I was young in Cleveland and would get emotional at times. I wasn't able to handle some starts. But being able to come here and deal with everything throughout the year, it definitely helps me in the playoffs." In the midst of a visiting clubhouse soaked in Champagne and beer, Sabathia said that he thought the Yankees' up-and-down campaign might actually benefit this year's playoff run. "Last year, everything came a little easy," Sabathia said. "This year, we've been grinding, and I think that makes for a lot of character on the team. Last year, it kind of felt like things were going our way every time out. It didn't happen like that this year, so hopefully that'll help us in the playoffs." Bryan Hoch is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs. | Mid | [
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'use strict'; /** * Some ideas from sindresorhus/electron-unhandled */ var electronApi = require('./electronApi'); var isAttached = false; module.exports = function catchErrors(options) { if (isAttached) return { stop: stop }; isAttached = true; if (process.type === 'renderer') { window.addEventListener('error', onRendererError); window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', onRendererRejection); } else { process.on('uncaughtException', onError); process.on('unhandledRejection', onRejection); } return { stop: stop }; function onError(e) { try { if (typeof options.onError === 'function') { if (options.onError(e) === false) { return; } } options.log(e); if (options.showDialog && e.name.indexOf('UnhandledRejection') < 0) { var type = process.type || 'main'; electronApi.showErrorBox( 'A JavaScript error occurred in the ' + type + ' process', e.stack ); } } catch (logError) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-console console.error(e); } } function onRejection(reason) { if (reason instanceof Error) { var reasonName = 'UnhandledRejection ' + reason.name; var errPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(reason); var nameProperty = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(errPrototype, 'name'); if (!nameProperty || !nameProperty.writable) { reason = new Error(reason.message); } reason.name = reasonName; onError(reason); return; } var error = new Error(JSON.stringify(reason)); error.name = 'UnhandledRejection'; onError(error); } function onRendererError(event) { event.preventDefault(); onError(event.error); } function onRendererRejection(event) { event.preventDefault(); onRejection(event.reason); } function stop() { isAttached = false; if (process.type === 'renderer') { window.removeEventListener('error', onRendererError); window.removeEventListener('unhandledrejection', onRendererRejection); } else { process.removeListener('uncaughtException', onError); process.removeListener('unhandledRejection', onRejection); } } }; | Low | [
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The present invention relates to a landfill site covering system, particularly to a mobile landfill site covering system. Much domestic and commercial refuse is disposed of in landfill sites. Such landfill sites commonly attract large numbers of birds. This presents a particular problem near airports, where large numbers of birds increase the risk of hazardous bird strikes during landing or take-off of aircraft. In order to minimise this risk, many national aviation authorities carefully control land usage around airports. For example, in the UK, the Civil Aviation Authority requires complete covering of landfill sites within 8 miles of an airport. Such covering also prevents surface litter from blowing out of the site. One current method of covering a landfill site involves the erection of large support posts which are anchored in the ground (usually in concrete) in a rectangular configuration, with wires strung between pairs of posts to form a support structure. A net is then spread over the wire support structure and secured to the ground around the posts to form a completely enclosed space. The posts are generally between about 6 to 30 m in length to enable waste lorries to drive onto the site and unload beneath the cover (the netting on one side being partially retractable to allow vehicle entry). When the covered region of the site has been filled with waste and overlaid with soil, the covering can be disassembled and re-erected at a different location on the site. It will be understood that the erection, disassembly and re-erection of such a cover is time consuming and expensive and permits little flexibility in site usage. A partial solution to this problem is to mount support posts on rollers on a pair of pre-prepared runways. The runways are laid on parallel raised banks having flattened tops. As described above, netting is spread over wires arranged between corresponding posts on each runway. When a particular area between the posts is filled to the required depth, the posts and netting cover can be moved (by using a vehicle to drag the posts along the runway) to cover a different region between the banks. Such a method, although offering some flexibility is still expensive. In addition, the ground must be prepared for the laying of the runways. Several sets of runways may be required. It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved landfill site covering system which obviates or mitigates one or more of the disadvantages of the known systems. | High | [
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Application of the EF and GH Fragments to the Synthesis of Idraparinux. A novel total synthesis of fully protected idraparinux has been achieved. A short and efficient protocol for the synthesis of the EF fragment of idraparinux and its C5'-epi analogue (GH unit) has been developed. The same cellobiose unit was transformed in 14 steps into the fully protected EF and GH disaccharide fragments. The key step of this approach is an epimerization of C5 by an elimination-addition sequence leading to l-ido disaccharide (GH unit) with a total yield of 24% (36% for the EF fragment). 1,6-Anhydro ring opening gave suitable substrates for efficient synthesis of fully protected idraparinux. The fully protected antithrombotic pentasaccharide idraparinux was synthesized in 23 steps for the longest linear route, with a 1.7% overall yield from d-cellobiose and d-glucose. | Mid | [
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Artificial Intelligence has already become an essential part of our lives. Several sectors like Politics, Media, and Engineering, etc. are capitalizing all of the capacity of Artificial Intelligence. Hence, we are consuming the services of AI in known or unknown ways. Related Articles Humans created Artificial Intelligence for us to imagine a healthy, secure, connected and creative future ahead. Mechanical Engineering plays a catalyst in the above process of Imagination. In today’s era, education courses are helping us to create people who can bring the distance of Humans and Machines closer. Which can help create new products, systems, and avenues. Let us start from the basic, What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence, well-spoken as A.I is a unit of computer science that works towards creating and building smart appliances/machines which are capable of doing similar or more amount of work than human tendency. Work that requires human intelligence but can be done by Computer Science. A. I simulate and emulate a human’s behavioural pattern through machines. Mechanical Engineering? Mechanical Engineering is a branch of engineering dealing with Design, construction and machines. Within this, a significant area which is related to Artificial Intelligence is Mechanical Design. Mechanical Design comes to be a sub-set for Mechanical Engineering. In Mechanical Engineering Design, we can see the way toward concocting a part, framework or stream to meet desired/needed need. Here, we can see the amalgamation of Science and mathematics. Mechanical Design is a process to design the required component, system, or process, which is necessary to meet the final result. Mechanical Engineering – Mechanical Design and its relation with A.I is majorly used by a Product Design Company. Artificial Intelligence and Mechanical Engineering. The sector of Mechanical Engineering is the primary consumer of Artificial Intelligence as a technology. It is more than any other industry; it is consumed the most in Mechanical designs or engineering works. Sections of Mechanical Engineering like Robotics, Automation, or sensor technology, uses Artificial Intelligence as a technology. So it is easy to say that Mechanical Engineering disseminates the application and use of AI in the eco-system. Benefits of AI for Mechanical Engineering There are different areas where AI impacts the Mechanical Engineering process. The idea behind the work of AI remains the same. It performs activities without humans yet with increased tendency as compared to humans. It is prioritizing the automated part of work, where we feed the computer with data, and as per the command, the machine/process continues its function. We can feel the impact of AI in different areas, such as: Manufacturing Many processes in the manufacturing industry require Mechanical Engineering to be done with components, products, processes, etc. Artificial Intelligence is currently used in similar processes of Mechanical Engineering. Whether in Components, Products, or Processes. It is making sure about its presence being felt. There are many other processes and technologies which are becoming easy – fast and efficient with the help of Artificial Intelligence. Machine’s which can do more work than human tendency and that too with least effort of humans into it is the main goal here. When the above objective is achieved or worked upon, it will send serious implications to different areas of the sector. (And at some places, connections have already started affecting the scenarios) That’s what AI is impacting in the current era for the manufacturing industry. People of the sector are also scared off them losing the jobs. Mechanical Design Whenever we start the process of building a component/product/flow, the first step of it would be of Mechanical Design. Different sectors of services are provided through mechanical Design. To list the few as; Product Design, Machine Design, Mechanical Component Design, Tooling and Fixture Development, Mold Design, Casting Design. All are coming under the umbrella for Mechanical Design Services. A. I. can majorly impact Product Design Services when it comes to designing the concept, examining the product, and also during the manufacturing of the product. Big Data Storage and Usage through IT. Data has proved its presence everywhere. Even the processes and function of Mechanical engineering requires the usage and storage of Data. When it comes to mechanical engineering, the primary area where Data is needed the most is machine learning. Yet another segment of mechanical engineering. Machine learning has changed the perception of the potential of mechanical engineering. It provides better efficiency/flexibility and quality of systems with the help of data, resulting in the improvement of processes and systems in mechanical engineering. It is one of the critical drivers of development for mechanical engineering. Coming back to the discussion of AI’s impact, Artificial Intelligence has a significant role in the increasing trend of Machine Learning. A. I has its comfort zone when it comes to relying on Huge Data and Large Algorithmic learnings. Machine learning, as discussed earlier, is dependent mostly on the constant generation of data and its analysis. A. I learn through those large sets of data and various commands that engineers might have to give in the first place. There are a few other ways where Artificial Intelligence does help during the process of Mechanical Engineering. Such as, Stress Estimation of 3D Structures: Estimating the amount of stress while designing and manufacturing 3D structures. Material Evaluation for different Services: Evaluating materials, its strength – durability – quality and helping in a more exceptional manufacturing process. Structure Generation: While Generating a Structure, AI can help through its algorithms and data storage. It is making the process efficient and transparent. As we discussed, the Impact of AI on mechanical engineering. There are both sides available to Artificial Intelligence: Good and Bad. The Good Ones A. I. can create a negligible amount of error, required that the programming is done in the best possible way. Compared to A. I, Humans have a probability of creating more errors in the work. Compared to Human Speed, it is much faster w.r.t. Work. A. I. lessens the amount of risk attached to the functioning and decision-making process. Through its algorithms and data, it is created to choose only the best possible result. The Bad Ones AI reduces the risk attached to work through its attributes of data and algorithms. But the same process eradicates the Human element attached to the entire process. Resulting in an impact on Moral of the employees. AI lacks creativity. The judgment process of AI is not dynamic, i.e., according to situations. It might not give the best possible output in a condition of Natural Calamity, Disaster, or any on-ground damage. Conclusion Artificial Intelligence isn’t a long listed dream anymore. More and more industries are taking advantage of it and providing some fantastic results that can help human eco-system. Yes, AI might affect an industry’s HR by eradicating the least essential employee. Yes, it might kill the human element attached to the process. Yet, against all of it, it is helping our generation to imagine an entirely new world by impacting the different fields. It is a Superpower. If it is not used with maturity and responsibility, it has all the possibility to backfire us. Remember the Avengers? The post Artificial Intelligence and its Alliance with Mechanical Engineering appeared first on Blog Tesla Outsourcing Services. | Mid | [
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Determination of molecular diffusion coefficient in n-alkane binary mixtures: empirical correlations. In this work we have measured the molecular diffusion coefficient of the n-alkane binary series nC(i)-nC(6), nC(i)-nC(10), and nC(i)-nC(12) at 298 K and 1 atm and a mass fraction of 0.5 by using the so-called sliding symmetric tubes technique. The results show that the diffusion coefficient at this concentration is proportional to the inverse viscosity of the mixture. In addition, we have also measured the diffusion coefficient of the systems nC(12)-nC(6), nC(12)-nC(7), and nC(12)-nC(8) as a function of concentration. From the data obtained, it is shown that the diffusion coefficient of the n-alkane binary mixtures at any concentration can be calculated from the molecular weight of the components and the dynamic viscosity of the corresponding mixture at 50% mass fraction. | Mid | [
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Posts Changing Ice Cream Recipe To Use Vitamix Antoinette Baking Co. is a big brunch hustler in the Tulsa Arts District with its ever-changing menus. While this isn’t completely. If you want to take a new spin. And the second is “This machine is going to change. Vitamix recipe book, tossing in any piece of partially wilted produce that happened to be in my fridge. Extra zucchini? Throw it in the Vitamix. Droopy chard? Blend away! I began. Bringing back the classics: From Bordelaise sauce to inventive takes on table. I’m sure you don’t want to reveal too much of your secret, but what can you tell me about Halo Top’s approach that allows for a satisfying ice cream? Halo Top is good ice cream because, despite it being a “better-for-you” food, we use. Using reports released from Whole Foods. Originally from Thailand, this unique style of ice cream has become popular around the world, thanks to the intriguing. I first tried making homemade almond milk a couple years ago, after many of you told me so many amazing things about it. It’s so creamy! It’s better than store. I’m also going to use this article for readers and prospects. and you’re craving. When Gillie Houston first tried the trendy, low-cal ice cream Halo Top, the experience was “life-changing.” An entire pint has as. along with a rebranding and new recipe, Halo Top, which first launched 2012, has taken off in the past year. Häagen-Dazs is no longer the ice-cream brand its fans have known across the globe. Each artist was asked to illustrate different Häagen-Dazs recipes using their own styles after tasting all 46 of the brand’s flavors, and were also given. The campaign to change recipes in restaurants. Such things are of no use. Ice cream mixtures don’t always have to be cooked (as in Philadelphia-style ice creams), and sometimes cooked mixtures, if you use honey, can curdle. I’m not sure about agave, but it depends on the recipe. like a Vitamix! A. A. 5. When you’ve finished straining your coconut milk, you have several options. If you want it unflavored and unsweetened, or you want coconut cream you can go ahead. Note: This recipe uses ice cubes made from milk, so they should be prepared a day before you plan to make the shake. From “300 Best Blender Recipes Using Your Vitamix. Pour half of beer into the Vitamix container and add the. Can You Juicer Pomegranates Juicer Review Social Media The Advisory Committee to the Director provides advice on matters pertinent to National Institutes of Health However, as a family, we did start eating more chicken and fish than we did. Want a trip down memory lane? This wholesome, real-food throwback version of an orange julius recipe is the perfect way to enjoy the sweet, fresh oranges coming into. Top 2018 Mango Juicers Stacked with execs from the mobile and social gaming industry, Mango Health has been taking the behavioral mechanics that make I bought the Vitamix hoping to make green smoothies and fruit smoothies. I was really excited by the machine’s power. However I noticed tiny black specks on my smoothies. It could be something as simple as eating chocolate ice cream or skiing. put it to use in solving problems in your family, work, community, nation or world. The. Vitamix model number #59326. 64-oz. cap. 7 3/4" x 9 1/2" x 17 1/2" high. 13.6 lb. 1440W; 24,000 RPMs. This product is intended for use in the United States and Canada. Best Vitamix Blender to Buy? The Ultimate Guide 2017. If you have been looking to buy a Vitamix blender then I bet you are feeling a little overwhelmed. Some of you are PUMPED for this recipe because you are doing the 21 Day Sugar Detox like I did just a couple weeks ago, and some of you are less than thrilled because. But smooth ice cream doesn’t give the mouth much to do. Just for a change, how about ice cream that is coarse. In ice creams, I learned that lesson from a French recipe published in 1768 for fromage aux épingles, or cheese with pins. | Low | [
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McAuliffe’s ‘mystifying’ veto doesn’t bode well for campaign pledge record ALEXANDRIA, Va. — If Gov. Terry McAuliffe wants to further his campaign pledge to push tougher ethics laws — and distinguish himself as, well, not former Gov. Bob McDonnell — vetoing a bill that would have curbed his ability to take campaign cash from companies or local officials vying for economic development grants from his office probably isn’t helping. STOPPED COLD: Gov. Terry McAuliffe vetoed a bill that would have limited campaign contributions to him from companies vying for a grant from his office. HB 1212 and SB 650, which were rolled together and received unanimous support from both houses of the General Assembly, would have restricted the governor’s solicitation or acceptance of campaign contributions over $50 from any party competing for grants or loans from the Governor’s Development Opportunity Fund, the governor’s $35 million discretionary pot of money. Since the fund was created in 1993, governors from Doug Wilder to Bob McDonnell have given roughly $200 million to match grants from localities to companies that meet certain job creation and capital investment requirements. Republicans and Democrats on both sides of the aisle co-sponsored the bill to combat any symbiotic relationships between governors and wealthy donors after outrage erupted over the ties McDonnell and his wife, Maureen, allegedly enjoyed with businessman Jonnie Williams. One campaign finance expert called McAuliffe’s move “mystifying.” “There’s obviously a tremendous danger of corruption, and Virginia has seen, and is still seeing, how that can unfold in the case of Governor Bob McDonnell,” said Dale Eisman, a spokesman for Common Cause, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization that scrutinizes money in politics. “This legislation is clearly an attempt to cut off an avenue of corrupt influence, and it’s hard to understand why the governor would veto it, especially after all he said about trying to fight for a higher standard in Virginia.” In the wake of the McDonnell scandal, McAuliffe campaigned on a platform of more rigorous ethics. McAuliffe took the initiative to impose a gift cap on himself and his family members through executive order. Still, while most of McAuliffe’s executive orders last at least as long as his term, he set that one to expire after one year, as Watchdog.org reported first. After four months, his office still has yet to answer whether the governor will renew the executive order. Brian Coy, spokesman for the governor, didn’t return Watchdog.org’s request for comment on the veto. Delegate Scott Surovell, one of the bill’s co-sponsors, said he doesn’t believe quid-pro-quo is happening with the Governor’s Opportunity Fund. He analyzed every grant administered under the McDonnell administration. “I’ve seen no evidence that political contributions or gifts have played any part in Governor’s Opportunity Fund grants,” he said. When Surovell spoke with Virginia Economic Development Partnership officials, who handle much of the application process, they told him the governor typically doesn’t intervene much in the process. Still, since candidates for public-private transportation projects can’t donate to the governor during the application process, Surovell said the same should apply to GOF applicants. In his veto explanation, McAuliffe said he wanted to “protect confidentiality for ongoing economic development projects.” Lawmakers killed the governor’s earlier amendments that would have included themselves in the restrictions, contending they have no insider information or decision-making power when it comes to the Governor’s Development Opportunity Fund — that’s why it’s called the Governor’s Development Opportunity Fund. That rejection, in part, is why McAuliffe said he vetoed the bills. Eisman, however, said that shouldn’t stop McAuliffe from setting a standard now and working on legislative restrictions in the future. The relationship between politicians with the power to dole out cash and the company executives with the cash to benefit those politicians is all too natural, said Eisman, who, as a representative of Common Cause, advocates eliminating corporate cash from politics entirely. “This is kind of analogous to when a relative does something nice for you,” Eisman said. “Grandma sends a check for your birthday and you want to do something nice for her. These are personal relationships.” — Kathryn Watson is an investigative reporter for Watchdog.org’s Virginia Bureau, and can be reached at [email protected], or on Twitter @kathrynw5. Watchdog.org Virginia Bureau, is in no way affiliated with "The Virginia Watchdog". Any similarities between Watchdog.org Virginia Bureau and "The Virginia Watchdog" is completely coincidental and unintentional. Any inquiries into "The Virginia Watchdog" may be done through their site. | Low | [
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During the keynote address at SymfonyCon Berlin 2016, Fabien Potencier, CEO and founder of SensioLabs, announced SensioCloud, a new complete cloud offering focused on the development and runtime of Symfony applications. The offer combines the services of Platform.sh, Blackfire.io, Fastly.com, and SensioLabs’ own support services into one comprehensive package. A fully maintained stack at your fingertips Enable any service via a few configuration lines in a YAML file. SensioCloud supports PHP 5 and 7. Each service is deployed in its own custom, lightweight LXC container for optimal performance, stability and flexibility. Don’t see your service on the list? Ask for it, we’ll make it happen. Some of the key advantages include a diverse set of managed services, a Composer-based build process, Symfony optimized runtimes, massive scalability (top tiers can provision >300 CPUs and nearly 6TB of RAM for one application), and a 99.99% uptime guarantee for the entire stack — from CDN to PHP to Database/Cache/Search services). Fabien pointed out that other PaaS offerings can only provide individual SLAs on the component parts, not the whole offer. Availability of SensioCloud is imminent — early 2017 was the guidance given during the keynote. The SensioCloud team then proceeded to give demos on the expo floor to hundreds of interested Symfony developers. The title of the Keynote: “The State of Symfony in the Cloud” Fabien Potencier introduced SensioCloud by showing the history of Symfony’s efforts to be prepared for Cloud-first development and deployment. | High | [
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CHICAGO U.S. lawmakers are investigating whether U.S. Environmental Protection Agency staff influenced the World Health Organization's review of glyphosate and its finding that the herbicide probably causes cancer, according to a letter sent to the agency on Tuesday. The letter from the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space and Technology is part of an ongoing investigation into the agency after the EPA posted and withdrew an internal report that said glyphosate was not cancer causing. One question that lawmakers are trying to answer, according to legislative sources, is whether EPA staff allowed personal bias to colour the agency's scientific review of glyphosate, the chemical in Monsanto Co's (MON.N) Roundup herbicide. Some EPA staff participated in both the U.S. review and the WHO review. While the committee's line of investigation was not clear, lawmakers cited the contradictory findings of the two reviews. Those reviews were by the EPA's cancer assessment review committee or CARC and the WHO's cancer arm, the International Agency for Research on Cancer or IARC. “Given the apparent contradictions of the CARC and IARC findings for glyphosate ..., the committee has concerns about the integrity" of the WHO review, the role of EPA officials in that review and their influence on the outcome of the EPA study, the committee's letter to the EPA seen by Reuters said. According to the letter, lawmakers want congressional staff to interview four top EPA officials who were involved in one or both reviews of glyphosate. An EPA spokeswoman said Tuesday the agency had received the letter, was reviewing it and would respond. In an earlier letter EPA sent to the committee, the agency said that publishing the cancer assessment review committee's report was an accident and that the cancer review was still ongoing. The EPA said it was "currently reviewing our standard operating procedures for the release of documents to avoid the inadvertent release of pre-decisional information in the future." The congressional committee began its investigation into the EPA last month after the report by the EPA's cancer assessment review committee became briefly public. The report found that glyphosate was "not likely" to be carcinogenic to humans. It also appeared to dispute the IARC report and questioned its analysis. The WHO's IARC last year classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic to humans." The House's Agriculture Committee previously said it too was examining the agency's review of glyphosate and atrazine, another chemical used in agricultural herbicides. The Agriculture Committee also wanted to know what steps still needed to be taken to finalise and issue the glyphosate report, which it had expected in July 2015. | Mid | [
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Q: Why won't my image render? So I'm learning C++ with SDL (on Visual Studio 2013). I'm following Lazy Foo's tutorials (specifically: http://lazyfoo.net/tutorials/SDL/02_getting_an_image_on_the_screen/index.php). My image won't render. In contrast to the tutorial (which works) I do not have global surface variables. Instead I declared them in the main and passed the pointers around. Code: #include <SDL.h> #include <SDL_image.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string> const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 600; const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 480; //SDL init. bool initialiseSDL(SDL_Window* gWindow, SDL_Surface* gWindowSurface) { bool success = true; /*SDL_Init() initisalises SDL library. Returning 0 or less signifies an error. SDL_INIT_VIDEO flag refers to graphics sub system.*/ if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) { printf("SDL could not initialise. SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); success = false; } else { //Create the window gWindow = SDL_CreateWindow("Asteroids", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN); if (gWindow == NULL) { printf("Could not create window. SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); success = false; } else { //Get the window surface. gWindowSurface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(gWindow); } } return success; } bool loadMedia(SDL_Surface* surface, std::string path) { //Success flag bool success = true; surface = SDL_LoadBMP(path.c_str()); if (surface == NULL) { printf("SDL surface failed to load. SDL Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); success = false; } return success; } void close() { } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { SDL_Window* gWindow = NULL; SDL_Surface* gWindowSurface = NULL; SDL_Surface* gImageSurface = NULL; if (!initialiseSDL(gWindow, gWindowSurface)) { printf("Failed to initialise.\n"); } else { if (!loadMedia(gImageSurface, "hw.bmp")) { printf("Failed to load inital media."); } else { //Apply the image SDL_BlitSurface(gImageSurface, NULL, gWindowSurface, NULL); //Update the surface SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(gWindow); //Wait two seconds SDL_Delay(2000); } } return 0; } A: Your program exhibits undefined behavior, because the pointers inside the main function are not initialized. When you pass them to the initialiseSDL function you pass them by value, meaning they are copied and the function only operates on the copies and not the original pointers, which will still be uninitialized after the call. What you need to do is to pass the pointers by reference instead: bool initialiseSDL(SDL_Window*& gWindow, SDL_Surface*& gWindowSurface) You of course need to do the same with the loadMedia function. | Mid | [
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Q: PHP - ldap_bind returns invalid credentials I am trying to make a login page which authenticate using a LDAP server. I use the following information and it works with LDAP client. Host: ldap.med.xxx.edu Port: 389 Protocol: v3 Base DN: ou=som,dc=med,dc=xxx,dc=edu Security level: User + Password User DN: MED\myusername Password: mypassword and then I have the following code: function ldap_authentication($uname, $password) { $ldaprdn = "uid=MED\\$uname,ou=som,dc=med,dc=xxx,dc=edu"; $ldappass = "$password"; ldap_set_option(NULL, LDAP_OPT_DEBUG_LEVEL, 7); $ldapconn = @ldap_connect("ldap.med.xxx.edu",389) or die("Cannot connect to LDAP server!"); ldap_set_option($ldapconn, LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3); ldap_set_option($ldapconn, LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS, 0); if($ldapconn) { $ldapbind = @ldap_bind($ldapconn, $ldaprdn, $ldappass); if($ldapbind) { return "Success..."; } else { return "Failed to bind..." . ldap_error($ldapconn); } } else { return "Cannot Connect"; } return "Unknown error..."; } Now this PHP code returns "Failed to bind...Invalid Credenitials" Any idea what I am doing wrong here? A: I think you have to use either sAMAccountName=$uname,ou=som,dc=med,dc=xxx,dc=edu or just MED\\$uname for the bind. The last one is a special ActiveDirectory feature. The first one takes into account that the unique id on AD is named sAMAccountName and not uid | High | [
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// *************************************************************************** // * // * Copyright (C) 2010 International Business Machines // * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. // * Tool: com.ibm.icu.dev.tool.cldr.LDML2ICUConverter.java // * Source File:<path>/common/main/kab_DZ.xml // * // *************************************************************************** kab_DZ{ Version{"2.0.45.90"} calendar{ gregorian{ DateTimeElements:intvector{ 7, 4, } weekend:intvector{ 5, 0, 6, 86400000, } } } } | Low | [
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The attorney for retired Lt. Gen. Michael T. Flynn says the Justice Department has provided “stunning” new evidence that proves the former Trump national security officer was “framed” by FBI agents. Attorney Sidney Powell filed a legal notice Friday night in U.S. District Court as an addendum to her pending motion that the 2017 perjury conviction should be overturned and the entire case dismissed. “This afternoon, the government produced to Mr. Flynn stunning Brady evidence that proves Mr. Flynn’s allegations of having been deliberately set up and framed by corrupt agents at the top of the FBI,” Ms. Powell said. The new evidence came from U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri Jeffrey Jensen, whom Attorney General William Barr named in January to review the prosecution. The Flynn prosecution led by special counsel Robert Mueller was under legal order to turn over any exculpatory, or Brady, material to Ms. Powell. She had filed a series of motions listing denied Brady evidence. But Judge Emmet Sullivan so far has sided with the prosecution and said none of Ms. Powell’s document requests were relevant or they didn’t exist. Prosecutors deny any wrongdoing. Now Mr. Jensen has apparently unearthed new evidence that remains under seal. “Since August 2016 at the latest, partisan FBI and DOJ leaders conspired to destroy Mr. Flynn,” Ms. Powell said. “These documents show in their own handwriting and emails that they intended either to create an offense they could prosecute or at least get him fired.” Ms. Powell said she has found further evidence that the Mueller prosecution made a side deal not to prosecute Michael G. Flynn, his son, as a part of the father’s plea agreement, but required that it remain secret. The deal was worked out with his previous attorneys, Covington and Burling. The firm has turned over to the Justice Department hundreds of pages of text messages and documents from its Flynn case file not yet made public. Crossfire Hurricane, the FBI team set up to probe Russian election interference and the Trump campaign, picked Flynn in August 2016 as one of four Trump associates to investigate. Flynn rose to become the military’s top intelligence officer as head of the Defense Intelligence Agency and had what his legal team says were approved contacts with Russian government officials. The agents, led by Peter Strzok, had no evidence he had conspired with the Kremlin. In January 2017, in his first days as White House National security adviser, Mr. Strzok and another agent paid him a visit. Unknown to Flynn, the FBI suspected him of violating the 1799 Logan Act in a phone call with the Russian ambassador during the transition. Flynn ultimately pleaded guilty to lying to agents when he denied discussing new U.S. sanctions from the Obama White House and how Russian should respond. The Justice Department later concluded there was no Logan Act violation and the FBI never found evidence of a Flynn-Russian conspiracy. The prosecution threatened his son over the issue of foreign agent registration related to their consulting firm. Flynn retained Ms. Powell and has a pending request to withdraw his guilty plea. Prosector Timothy J. Shea informed Ms. Powell Friday afternoon of Mr. Jensen’s discoveries. “The enclosed documents were obtained and analyzed by USA EDMO in March and April 2020 and are provided to you as a result of this ongoing review,” Mr. Shea said. “Additional documents may be forthcoming.” Sign up for Daily Newsletters Manage Newsletters Copyright © 2020 The Washington Times, LLC. Click here for reprint permission. | Mid | [
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Personally, when I first bit into one of these I was very unsurprised to find that it was filled with whip cream, but very surprised to find that what I took for chocolate frosting was in fact a kind of bean jam, a thin layer of youkan (羊羹) to be precise. They are actually quite delicious so my initial surprise quickly turned to enjoyment. However, I think they tastily illustrate an important point: things aren’t always what they appear to be. You can look at something and be 100% sure that it is a chocolate doughnut. If someone asked you you would even say, “Yeah, that’s a chocolate doughnut,” never realizing that you were wrong in a small but significant way. Looks can be very deceiving. Until you’ve fully tasted what you’re talking about, it might be better to be reserved in your opinions. | Mid | [
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Christian Ethics Lecture 8, The Ethics of Jesus and the Law of God: Did Jesus criticize the Law of God? Does the Sermon on the Mount contradict the Mosaic Law? Dr. Sproul clears this confusion in this message as he explains the perfect harmony between “The Ethics of Jesus and the Law of God.” | High | [
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Q: Move a div inside another on browser resize I'm currently integrating a website and I have a slight issue dealing with an element that's not at the same place on mobile or on desktop. Here's the (simplified) code : <div class="div-wrapper"> <div class="my-text-input">Input</div> <div class="map"> <!-- Content --> </div> </div> </div> So I have "my-text-input" element outside the "map" one on mobile (it's mobile-first). When it's displayed on desktop, I'd like it to be placed inside the "map" element. Do you have a clue about how to do it without duplicate content ? I considered writing the element twice (inside and outside) and displaying one or the other, but I'd like to avoid this solution. JS/jQuery solutions welcome if needed. Thank you ! A: Use the following code Sorry for formatting i have issue while posting $(document).ready(function(){ appendDiv(); }); $(window).resize(function(){ appendDiv(); }); //append div to another on desktop and Tablet view function appendDiv() { if ($(window).width() > 767) { $('.my-text-input').detach().appendTo('.map'); }} | Mid | [
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// Copyright 2017-2020 Fitbit, Inc // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 package com.fitbit.bluetooth.fbgatt.rx.server.listeners import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice import com.fitbit.bluetooth.fbgatt.GattServerConnection import com.fitbit.bluetooth.fbgatt.TransactionResult import com.fitbit.bluetooth.fbgatt.TransactionResult.TransactionResultStatus import com.fitbit.bluetooth.fbgatt.rx.PeripheralConnectionStatus import com.fitbit.bluetooth.fbgatt.rx.server.GattServerResponseSender import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.any import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.anyOrNull import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.doReturn import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.mock import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.whenever import io.reactivex.Completable import org.junit.Before import org.junit.Test import java.util.UUID class GattServerConnectionChangeListenerTest { private val device1 = mock<BluetoothDevice> { on { address } doReturn "1" } private val mockGattServerConnection = mock<GattServerConnection>() private val mockGattServerResponseSender = mock<GattServerResponseSender>() private val listener = GattServerConnectionChangeListener @Before fun setup() { mockGattServerResponse() } @Test fun shouldReceiveConnectedStatusForSuccessResponse() { listener.onServerConnectionStateChanged( device = device1, connection = mockGattServerConnection, result = mockTransactionResult() ) listener.getDataObservable(device1) .test() .assertValue { it == PeripheralConnectionStatus.CONNECTED } } @Test fun shouldReceiveDisconnectedStatusForNonSuccessResponse() { TransactionResultStatus.values().forEach { status -> if (status != TransactionResultStatus.SUCCESS) { listener.onServerConnectionStateChanged( device = device1, connection = mockGattServerConnection, result = mockTransactionResult(connectedStatus = status) ) listener.getDataObservable(device1) .test() .assertValue { it == PeripheralConnectionStatus.DISCONNECTED } } } } private fun mockGattServerResponse() { whenever(mockGattServerResponseSender.send(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), anyOrNull())) .thenReturn(Completable.complete()) } private fun mockTransactionResult( serviceId: UUID = UUID.fromString("FFFFFFFF-FFFF-FFFF-FFFF-FFFFFFFFFFFF"), responseNeeded: Boolean = true, connectedStatus: TransactionResultStatus = TransactionResultStatus.SUCCESS ): TransactionResult { return mock { on { requestId } doReturn 1 on { serviceUuid } doReturn serviceId on { isResponseRequired } doReturn responseNeeded on { resultStatus } doReturn connectedStatus } } } | Low | [
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Q: JavaScript RegEx expression for interpolation to match "{0-99}" I wish to produce my own Interpolation method in an JSON object, like below: var exampleObj = { firstLabel: "Hello {0}, I like {1} & {2}", secondLabel: "Luke, I am your {0}", interpol : function (key, vals) { key = this[key]; return key.replace(/[0-9]/g, function myFunction(i){return vals[i];}); } }; console.log(exampleObj.interpol('firstLabel', ['World','Fish','Chips'])); The replace method works however I can only match the number, not the curly bracket and number? What would the correct RegEx syntay be to match any number range between the curly brackets. Many thanks in advance! A: You have just to escape the curly braces as this: return key.replace(/\{[0-9]\}/g, function myFunction(i){return vals[i];}); ^------^---- here Btw, as Rodrigo Lopez pointed in his comment you should also consider having more than 1 digits, so you could use this regex: \{[0-9]+\} Update: as Oriol pointed too, you can shorten your regex by replacen [0-9] by \d | High | [
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The Usefulness of “Neoliberalism” A concise, non-academic account of the origins and often contradictory uses of the word “neoliberalism” from someone as knowledgeable as historian Daniel Rodgers has been long overdue. Unfortunately, in his opener for a forum discussion in Dissent Magazine (“The Uses and Abuses of ‘Neoliberalism’ ”), he argues that the term is so broad and vague as to be nearly useless, even potentially harmful to our public discourse. The way Rodgers takes exception with this particular concept resembles conservative objections to the same. Unwittingly, his conclusion bolsters their favorite rhetorical low blow: pretending to be clever by playing dumb. “What is this ‘neoliberalism’ you speak of?” In one of the responses to Rodgers’s essay, Professor Julia Ott makes the important point that the all-permeating, ameboid nature of the phenomenon itself makes neoliberalism a particularly useful name. I would add that, in discussing traditions, schools of thought, stylistic periods, or zeitgeist, similarly flexible monikers always emerge, out of necessity. How about “modernism”, “classical”, “principles of the Enlightenment”, or “tonal music”? Not only do they escape any neat definition, but can be used to describe things that are polar opposites, even mutually exclusive. “Enlightenment principles” can refer to the right of self-governance as well as to types of despotism. Despite the seeming internal contradictions, the family resemblances and shared roots of homonymous concepts often make it necessary to employ linguistic broad strokes. How about plain old “liberalism”? It is even more elusive than “neoliberalism”, but hardly a term we can or should try to just drop. (As Tuomas Kaila concludes his essay on liberalism and imperialism: “The word is derived from ‘freedom’. Feel free to use it however you please.”) In the US, a bigger confusion is taking place in non-academic parlance, with the words “neoliberal” and “liberal” becoming more and more interchangeable. Addressing this development would have been a welcome addition to Rodgers’s essay. There is a definite logic to this usage, as well, though it creates another risk of people talking past each other. Naming and discussing currents of political thought always poses this risk, though. The first time I heard an American describe my native Finland (approvingly) as a “socialist country”, it sounded confused and ignorant to me. Everybody knows that socialism is the phase before full-fledged communism, or at least refers to a system with such pretenses — right? But in the US, Bernie Sanders is a “socialist”; in Finland, we talk of “social democracy”. (And to make our terminology even more unruly, the latter gets easily confused with the agenda of the Social Democratic Party, which — you guessed it — has been the country’s preeminent neoliberal force.) Countless similar differences abound. Writing and editing articles in Finnish that touch on American politics, and translating Matt Bruenig of the People’s Policy Project, I’ve had to wrestle with a few. For example, “rightwing libertarian” in Finland would best be described as a “rightwing liberal” — though this makes it a bit tricky to find an equivalent word for Chomsky’s left-libertarianism. And how does one even begin to discuss American libertarian thought in a European context, where its bizarre fixation on states’ rights doesn’t apply? In an attempt to demonstrate how thin the concept has been spread, Rodgers lists four distinct phenomena that are all called neoliberal. But the family resemblances between them are clear, and in the process, Rodgers ends up providing a set of qualifiers that can be used for clarification wherever necessary: (1) the neoliberal economic regime, (2) neoliberal thought, (3) the neoliberal policy agenda, and (4) neoliberal culture. Presto! Having suggested existing and preferable nomenclature for the above, Rodgers concludes with a paragraph that, as a result, becomes all the more difficult to square with the rest of his argument. “Political words that escape connections with ordinary speech may soar for a while,” Rodgers writes. “If progressives go into the 2018 election with the pitch that they are fighting against our era’s onrushing tide of ‘neoliberalism’ they may hope to expand the scope of public debate. But reinforcing the sense that elites don’t talk to anyone other than themselves any more [sic], they are never going to win outside of a handful of university departments.” Are we talking about effective political sloganeering, though, or useful analytical concepts? Rodgers’s original argument seemed to be that the term is too popular, and has come to stand for nearly everything that is wrong with our capitalist society. Surely, declaring war against “neoliberalism” would resonate at least better than the existing terms Rodgers prefers. Down with market fundamentalism! Down with the commodification of the self! That doesn’t sound like academic talk? Misleading rhetoric should be called out, and same goes for bullshit jargon and plain fluff — but it’s hard to buy into Rodgers’s claim that talk of neoliberalism is a fad. He bolsters his case by pointing out that the term’s occurrence in academic writing snowballed in the two decades leading up to the 2008 financial crisis. Considering that the global neoliberal project began to really gather steam in the 1980s, and has brought about radical societal transformations across the board, it is reasonable that a word would gradually emerge to tackle with the totality of what is going on. If the term became ubiquitous “overnight”, as Rodgers writes, one reason is that existing wide-umbrella definitions wouldn’t jibe. “Conservative”, “rightwing”, and “libertarian” have their own connotations and historical baggage. We cannot shift, overnight, to calling nominally liberal or traditionally anti-authoritarian parties and political forces “the right”, no matter how much their outlook has changed in the late capitalist era. As historian David Harvey puts it, neoliberalism is first and foremost a political project, marked by the fervent class solidarity and determination among those who first set it in motion. Such a radical shift requires new vocabulary. The meaning of a word is its use, as Wittgenstein would have it, and demanding ever more precise definitions is a cheap way to shoot down any argument. Declaring words meaningless is not the only semantic trick one can use to pooh-pooh substantive criticism, though. One recent example was the widely ridiculed comment by Bloomberg View columnist Noah Smith who tweeted: “Getting the sense that to some people, ‘neoliberal’ kinda-sorta-maybe means ‘black’, in the way that ‘neoconservative’ kinda-sorta-maybe meant ‘Jewish’ 10 years ago.” (Or, as Brandon Sutton put it: “ ‘Neoliberal’ is the real ‘N-word’, am I right?”) Managing to combine a defense of centrist economic thought with the dishonest liberal weaponization of identity politics, Smith inadvertently demonstrates why “liberal” and “neoliberal” are increasingly mixed up in American political discourse. And here we come to a crucial point: “So-called neoliberals almost never use it to describe their projects or themselves,” Daniel Rodgers writes. And why would they? It has all but transformed into a slur, one which most politicians and opinion makers are uncomfortable being associated with. As Rodgers sums up, the description can be applied “to the politics of both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton” — and indeed, that is one of the things that makes it so useful. Many descriptive categories in our cultural history started out as pejoratives. “Impressionist art”, “mysterianism”, “atonality”, and even “the Austrian School” were all terms of mockery before being reclaimed. With “neoliberalism”, the development has gone the opposite direction: as the capitalist juggernaut rolls along and continues to destroy lives around the world, the term gathers an ever thicker layer of negative associations. We need to keep employing it in a way that gives the lie to its premises. The laissez-faire connotation of “neoliberalism” is a charade: as Rodgers describes finance capitalism, “it is fragile. It needs periodic state-managed rescue operations to save it from its recurrent crises of liquidity and overinvestment.” And while neoliberal policy “may sometimes wrap itself in a utopian language of choice and preference,” its values and priorities have nothing to do with individual liberty. | Mid | [
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The guys from Oswego cringed when they saw me coming. They were in a little circle, near a minivan in the NBT Stadium parking lot in Syracuse. They saw my notebook, the lanyard hanging around my neck. They figured I was a team administrator, or a fire inspector, or a security guard or someone else ... Who didn't like the look of their round red propane grill. "Illegal in 46 of 50 states," one of the men told me, with an air of mystery. New York, apparently, is not one of them. There were five old friends from Oswego, including Bill Hammond and two sets of brothers: Brian and Gary Rookey, and Greg and Jim North. They've been taking the day off from their various jobs and coming to opening day for the Syracuse Chiefs since the old MacArthur Stadium was razed and the new ballpark opened, in the late 1990s. Today's weather, they said, is just about as good as it gets: It was a little cool, sure, but there was virtually no breeze and the sun felt warm on the face. They were optimistic the Chiefs would get a big crowd, and their measure for the quality of the day goes like this: In many years, they said, the grill was there for heat as much as it was barbecue. Not today. At 10:30 a.m., they were among the very earliest arrivals for the 2 p.m. opener. They already had pulled out some plastic containers of meat. They put the weather, easily, in their top five Syracuse opening days of all time. The group also offered a welcome to Dave Akkoul, a retired Syracuse firefighter who was waiting in the parking lot for his own friends to arrive. They all began talking about the Chiefs, and the new front office that's running the team, and how they'd been told new general manager Jason Smorol "really boosted morale" in a similar role with the Auburn Doubledays. Traditionally, the guys from Oswego come to the Chiefs opener, and don't come back until next year. But if there's something special in the air today? The round, red grill will return this season to Syracuse, they promised. "I can't wait to see the field," said Gary Rookey, anticipating that precious first moment of the season when - no matter how old you are - the scent and sight of the green grass of the ballpark opens before you as a kind of revelation. North, a Grateful Dead devotee who wore a faded cap bearing the name of the band Furthur, said he's been coming to games since he was a child. He vividly recalled the late Cloyd "Fats" Hollinger, the legendary restroom attendant at the old Big Mac. So the group had a basis in baseball to begin with. They've been hanging around together since childhood, and a time came when someone said: Why don't we head down to Syracuse for opening day? The annual caravan, they said, began with the first game at the new stadium, and Gary Rookey said the group used to be even larger. "Some of our friends have passed," Jim North said. He referred specifically to Wayne Earl and his son of the same name, both gone now, who used to be a part of this tradition. The little group was silent for a minute, the soft breeze blew ... And they willed themselves back into the moment, because their opening day is supposed to be about friendship, bright sun, even a cold morning beer. It is about taking delight in the small things, such as the way Chiefs management put out portable toilets - which means the men wouldn't need to go wading into the cattails near the edge of the parking lot for a little privacy, the historic reason for why they always set up where they do. "Swampy in there," said Jim North, who'd prepared by wearing a pair of boots. "Call us the Swamp Gang." | Mid | [
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Q: Где посмотреть логи работы NodeJS-PushServer? В коробочной версии Битрикс 24 то работает p&p то не работает. Тех. поддержка продукта ссылается на сеть. Выводя логи на экран терминала (journalctl -f) ошибок нет. Пинговал и трассеровал - ошибок или потерь нет. Как посмотреть или узнать в чём проблема? A: В первую очередь логи nginx- /var/log/nginx/ Во вторую очередь логи самого push-server - /var/log/push-server/ | High | [
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Steven Johnson: Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of InnovationReally intrigued by the title. Fabulously diverse in examples. If you ever felt like a square in round world, this book will make you sing for joy because that's what life is about--growing, moving, evolving.... The book is much stronger for being in Science section and not restricted to business innovation alone. Technorati Profile Aug 04, 2005 RIP Steven Vincent: The Personal is Political I've been reading the news about freelance journalist and blogger Steven Vincent's murder. My condolences to his family, friends, readers and his journalism and writing community. I respect his style of journalism - a lot. He was interested in the average Iraqi and their daily life. For him, the personal was political. The Washington Post reports: Vincent left for Iraq in the fall of 2003 to investigate the terror of daily life there. He paid his own way, traveling without bodyguards and staying for two months at a time... Vincent wrote a book last year titled "In The Red Zone: A Journey into the Soul of Iraq." Major bookstores took interest in the work, which was filled with searing portraits of ordinary Iraqis and their ambivalence about the American presence. "The British know what's happening but they are asleep, pretending they can simply establish security and leave behind democracy," said the police lieutenant who had told me of the assassinations. "Before such a government takes root here, we must experience a transformation of our minds." - "Switched Off in Basra", Steven Vincent, New York Times Op-Ed, July 31, 2005 Or these words from an Iraqi blogger: "He bravely continued to tell the stories and challenge the situation. His Stories from Basra are the epitome of great journalism, and he will always deserves our admiration utmost gratitude... I’ve been so depressed and down lately, and this news is the worst." Vincent was a brave man who wanted to tell the truth, despite the deadly risks. That is noble, important work... In June on NRO, Vincent wrote: “You really shouldn’t be here at all,” a British-embassy official warned me. Obviously he shouldn't have been. But thank God he was. Thank you, Steve Vincent. Outside of U.S. and other "safe" (it's all relative) free speech countries, we forget what a courageous act speaking out and writing authentically and reporting and blogging really are. I've met reporters and photojournalists that have had their lives threatened, snuck into countries without press visas (on purpose to cover areas where journalists aren't allowed), and had their sources murdered. When we speak of citizen journalism, one thing I'd like to learn is how to protect my sources' safety and not make their lives more difficult. For instance, there are rumors that fisherman in Sri Lanka aren't allowed to rebuild on their own land on the coast because the government has been eyeing their land for years and years. Now, they're using safety concerns as an excuse for a land grab. Being forced to reside kilometers away from the sea also effectively ends their fishing livelihood. Again, this is a 'rumor' as far as I'm concerned now. But how do I dig into verifying this story safely for all involved? This could well be my book of the year... Secret Histories, like Anna Funder's Stasiland which describes life in the totalitarian communist state of East Germany, provides a personal perspective of a truly appalling regime that lets the reader begin to understand what it is like to live day to day under such an oppressive government. One thing that endeared me to the Burmans straight away was their love of reading, as described by Larkin: unsurprising due to the lack of real information which they receive, but also a national pastime and passion that has led numerous people to preserve secret libraries of books that have otherwise been banned by the authorities. Whilst everyday life is undeniable misery in Myanmar, the people who Larkin describes are still full of life, some how finding the will to live and live fully despite their most restrictive of circumstances and to try and make tiny but vital movements towards making their country become free again. This book is transformative - before I began reading it I knew virtually nothing about Burma - at the end of its 230 pages, I feel I've gained at least a valuable gloss on its modern history and, wholly secondary to that, an insight into what drove Orwell to write - it was on his return from Burma to England that he horrified his family by announcing his intention to resign from the colonial service and become a writer. Secret Histories is truly a vital book, and, with Stasiland, seems to be opening up a new genre (I'm hating myself for writing these words): female writers providing a personal perspective of political troubles; not personal as in their own perspectives, but in that they piece together the histories of the states they're writing about through the stories of those who have lived within it. This strikes me as a vital counterbalance to our more traditional, and of course wholly necessary, overview histories. - "In Search Of George Orwell", Spike Magazine review, by Chris Mitchell Obviously, it's not only female writers that are piecing together stories of everyday people to tell a broader story about state, politics, culture. I'm checking out "In the Red Zone" right away. I know a lot of journalists interested in doing this style of 'artisan' journalism. (I highly, highly recommend book, The New New Journalism btw.) But many of them don't have the resources (journalists aren't that well-paid) to fund projects themselves. I like the fellowship program that SAJA established (this year for late-year tsunami aftermath stories); but it's for journalists with creds, not citizens media. Typically what's required is just a few thousand dollars and some frequent flyer miles. "I have my own camera," a female videographer pleads. She'd like to go to Indonesia for the tsunami anniversary. In all honesty, I'm making sure I have the resources to get to Asia myself first. This is a good time as any to announce I'm creating a microfunding non-profit to fund "real people, real story" artisan journalism type projects like this (Sandeep raised his funding online). The first (and not last) being the tsunami anniversary project. If intereted in funding the microfund, send tax-deductible donations to: Tsunami Tour, c/o Unity Church of the Valley, 100 North Winchester Blvd Suite 250, Santa Clara, CA 95050. Make checks payable to Unity Church of the Valley (they are our fiscal sponsor for non-profit status). Please clearly indicate on check it is for Tsunami Tour. Paypal coming... p.s. Interestingly personal observation on the "playing the game" BlogHer debate, I did notice there was a part of me that did not want to jump on the bandwagon as "Stephen Vincent" was #4 search term on Technorati today and #1 last evening. But he and his story haunted me...and I always go with that instinct. p.p.s. And yeah, I noticed the same exact thing. Ah, I suppose it's credible to write for NYT, but funding and doing your own writing? The Cool Blue Blog sez: "All of a sudden, Steven Vincent is a 'journalist who wrote for the New York Times'. Not only was he freelance journalist, but as Greyhawk points out, he most frequently sold his stuff to the National Review. And he was a blogger." | Mid | [
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Waveguiding properties of a photonic crystal fiber with a solid core surrounded by four large air holes. The polarization-dependent guiding properties of a hexagonal-lattice photonic crystal fiber with a solid-core surrounded by four large air holes are investigated. The appearance of a polarization dependent cutoff frequency, together with several parameters as the birefringence, the modal effective area, the group velocity dispersion and the polarization dependent loss are analyzed. A collection of fibers with different structural parameters were fabricated and characterized. An effective anti-guide structure from at least 450 nm to 1750 nm, a polarizing fiber with a polarization dependent loss of 16 dB/m at 1550 nm, and an endlessly singlemode polarization-maintaining fiber with group birefringence of 2.1x10(-3) at 1550 nm are reported. Experimental results are compared with accurate numerical modeling of the fibers. | High | [
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I'm not the only one who's impressed. Democrats are leaving endorsement meetings with Hader feeling downright giddy. "Hader's interview was an experience," says King County Democrats endorsement committee cochair Patrick Allcorn. "It could have lasted 10 hours, and I would've never been bored and she would've never been stumped. It was incredibly impressive." Democrats in the 41st Legislative District—the district where Kim Schrier has worked and resided for 16 years—handed Hader their sole endorsement and called her "the candidate best positioned to defeat three-time loser Dino Rossi." All told, Hader has completely swept the legislative district clubs. She's received co-endorsements from the Kittitas Democrats and the 5th District Democrats. But every other legislative district in the congressional district gave Hader its sole endorsement. There's not much money in these endorsements—George Soros typically doesn't throw money at candidates who wowed the 41st Legislative District—but organizers on the legislative district level tend to be political realists who know their districts. "We will have booths at the summer festivals, and our [precinct committee officers] will be distributing Hader literature door-to-door in our districts," says Aaron Schuler, district chair of the 47th District Democrats. If one of the other candidates comes in with a massive TV ad buy that blows the other ones out of the water, a door-to-door campaign can only do so much. But in a narrow race, Schuler says, that kind of canvasing activity can make the difference. Hader does well with these groups because she's a nerd with an impressive résumé full of government experience. Like a lot of them, she's dogged but peppy. When she tells me she was a cheerleader for Auburn High School and that she graduated when she was 16, it makes complete sense. But does she have a shot? She does—if she can get past the primary. An independent poll from the House Majority PAC, which is associated with Nancy Pelosi, shows Hader tying Rossi in a head-to-head matchup after respondents read neutral profiles and negative messaging about both candidates. And Dino Rossi, the person she'd most likely face in the general, has a hard time beating women candidates, as others in the race have mentioned. Rossi lost to Christine Gregoire twice (in 2004 and 2008) and Patty Murray once (in 2010). But Hader may not get past the primary. That same House Majority PAC poll shows her Democratic opponent Kim Schrier with a six-point lead on Hader in the primary and a 13-point lead among Democratic voters in particular. (Margin of error: 3.5 percent.) Democrats aren't the only people who will be voting in the primary, but hyper-activated Democrats seem most likely to rush the polls on August 7, and in mid-April, at least, those Democrats seemed to prefer Schrier—or perhaps Schrier's was the name they knew. Another sign of Hader's weakness? According to receipts from the Federal Election Commission, last quarter Hader pulled in only 44 in-district donations. Rittereiser's haul that quarter was approximately 420, and Schrier brought in approximately 440. Rossi boasts 900 in-district donations, but the Democrats are splitting donations three ways. Taken together, Democratic donations match Republican donations, which is slightly encouraging. Regardless, while Hader fires up the members of Democratic clubs, she has yet to fire up many voters in her district—or at least the part of the electorate inclined to donate to candidates. (For what it's worth: The candidates count more in-district donations that I do. Donations less than $200 aren't counted in my total, nor are donations through ActBlue, but the proportions work out to be the same.) Maybe that's because Hader, who was born and raised in the district, has been traveling a lot since 1999. While she introduces herself as a fifth-generation "Auburn girl" on the campaign trail, the last time Hader was registered to vote in Washington State was during George W. Bush's presidency. ("She's been physically in and out of Auburn," Hader's spokesperson says, "even as it's been her true home base.") So while Hader might excite college-educated Seattle residents like me, when I put on my small-town hat—I'm from Belton, Missouri, population 23,000—Hader can seem like one of those kids who left for the big city, got a fancy education and a fancy job, and then came back to tell us all to quit chewing tobacco. In response to the argument that Hader might be out of touch with the people of her district, Hader points to the east-of-the-mountain unions that have endorsed her—the Wenatchee Aluminum Trades Council, the North Central Washington Central Labor Council, and the United Steelworkers Local 310A—as a way to say she hasn't been too citified. "Steelworkers aren't pushovers," Hader says. Hader has five weeks to let the district know who she is—a fun-loving, unfussy "Auburn girl" who gets the job done—and even if she manages to get through the primary, she still faces a tough race. On Memorial Day, Hader and I walk the incredibly clean sidewalks bordering the maniacally edged lawns of a south Auburn subdivision. Faded American flags wave lazily in their holsters. Guided by an app on her phone that shows us voter data, we approach a door. A woman answers and calls her husband down to meet the candidate. The couple had recently returned from church, and he's just swapped his Sunday best for dad-on-the-weekend clothes. He seems to appreciate how Hader speaks to him, how she introduces herself as the "Auburn girl," how she makes it a point to position herself as a listener, how she nods in approval at his criticism of the current "tone of the political conversation." But when Hader says she'll be running against Dino Rossi in the general election, the dad stiffens and grimaces. "Oh, Dino is a friend of the family," he says. Hader's reply displays her quick wit: "Dino doesn't have to know you're voting for me," she says with a smile. Kim Schrier: The One Who's Supposed to Win She's literally been healing children in the district for 16 years. Kim Schrier is probably going to make it through the primary and face Dino Rossi in the fall. She's lived in Issaquah for 16 years. She's a woman, and this is shaping up to be the Year of the Woman. She's a doctor, a pediatrician, and this is the year when health-care reform ranks as the major concern for voters in Washington's 8th Congressional District. The Democratic Party has instructed its candidates to run on it, and those who run on it have seen positive results. And Schrier will be the first to tell you that electing her would mean sending a female physician to Congress, a place that currently has zero female physicians. She also projects—go figure—a warm and engaging personality. But for all her warmth, she has an edge and can throw an elbow. At a recent candidate forum, her opponent Jason Rittereiser dinged her clinical practice at Virginia Mason for not accepting certain forms of Medicaid. Schrier silently demanded the microphone and shut Rittereiser down: "I see kids from all backgrounds. I see kids on Medicaid, I see kids on Apple Health, and I don't look at insurance when they walk through the doors," she said. As of March 31, Schrier has raised more money than her two Democratic rivals combined. She has more in-district donations than Hader and Rittereiser, too. National media outlets, including the New York Times, CNN, and Time, have asked her for comment on a range of issues. She's also scooped up big endorsements from EMILY's List, Planned Parenthood, Washington State Labor Council (a co-endorsement she shares with Rittereiser), and the machinists union. Donors, activists, and the other candidates say the state Democratic Party put its thumb on the scale early on to help Schrier bring in her money and endorsements, but Schrier and the party deny it. Meanwhile, an independent poll from the House Majority PAC shows Schrier "kicking everybody's butt" in the primary, as she put it, but only among self-identified Democrats. There's just one problem: The poll Schrier likes to cite when it comes to the primary also shows her losing to Republican Dino Rossi by five points in the general election. It's the same poll that shows Hader running neck-and-neck with Rossi in the general election. But after hearing only positive profiles of each of the candidates, Schrier is the only person whose numbers drop. The pediatrician from Sammamish goes down by one and loses to the commercial Realtor from Sammamish 44 to 54 at that point. So, perhaps most worryingly for Schrier, this poll also shows that the more people learn about her, the less they like her. Or so says one poll—but sadly it makes intuitive sense. Schrier is a pediatrician from Sammamish. To people east of the mountains, that sounds like "rich white lady." And even some people west of the mountains are decidedly unimpressed with Schrier. In their endorsements, the King County Democrats called Schrier "a distant third" for them in the race. Schrier dismisses the part of the poll that says she'll lose to Rossi. "The only part of polls that I really truly trust—unless it's for our own background messaging information—is the part about who people would vote for if the election were today, because that's the only part that's unbiased," she says. Schrier also says the Washington State Association for Justice (the trial lawyers union) helped pay for the House Majority PAC poll. Rittereiser, who does best in the poll, is a former King County deputy prosecutor, and Schrier argues that the poll was biased in Rittereiser's favor. The poll didn't ask one question about health care, Schrier asserts, an issue that should help her with voters. But there's no way for Schrier to know if the pollsters asked about health care. Like everyone else, all she's seen is a strategy memo based on the poll. (GBA Strategies declined to comment when I asked if they included a question about health care in this poll.) And SEIU 775, the domestic health care workers union, also helped pay for the poll—and no one thinks domestic health care workers are biased in favor of trial lawyers. One poll isn't going to make or break a campaign—and when I visit Schrier's campaign offices in mid-June, she seems to be firing on all cylinders. Her team has decked out the common areas of her office like an elementary-school classroom. A Pacific Northwest–themed "Canvas Goal Wall!" made from construction paper brightens one corner of a large meeting room, where a group of supporters, volunteers, and people just interested the race are gathering for a meet and greet. A row of pink salmon indicates that her team has already knocked on 16,000 of the 48,000 doors they'd been targeting. Illustrations apparently drawn by children adorn another wall ("Kids Corner"), including one from Schrier's son, Sam, which reads, "Dino the Dinosaur He's Extinct!" The numbers 5 and 2 are scrawled in red on two big white sheets of paper—a running countdown to August 7, the day of the Washington State primary, then just fifty-two days away. The day I visit, Schrier gives a pep talk to 40 or so mostly middle-aged and older women who are volunteering on her campaign. She stands before her audience and retells her origin story, the one she tells over and over, the one that lets people know who she is and why she got into this race. It begins, "The morning after the election..." As she tells it, her young son walked downstairs and saw the faces of his two parents stunned after the news of Trump's victory. "Uh-oh, does this mean we have to move to another country now?" he asks. "No, no," Schrier says, as she lets the laughs die down. "You can't just jump ship when things get tough. You have to do something." She had no idea what that something would be, but she knew she had to set a good example for her son. "So what do I do?" Schrier asks. "I did what a lot of you did. I marched in the Women's March. I joined the resistance. And I called my congressman daily." Eventually she decided to run for Congress, spurred by her husband and by Reichert's vote to repeal Obamacare, which would have stripped tens of thousands of people in the 8th District of their health-care coverage. While an Indivisible activist might see themselves in Schrier's story, an independent voter on the east side of the mountains who's flirting with voting for a Democrat this year might not want an Indivisible activist to represent them in Congress. Retiring congressman Dave Reichert remains extremely popular in the district, after all. According to the House Majority PAC poll, which was conducted in mid-April, 54 percent of respondents believed he was doing "an excellent job" as a rubber-stamp Trump Republican who occasionally sponsored a land conservation bill. There are rumors that Schrier believes she can win with votes from the western parts of the district—rumors she dismisses. "We need to get votes everywhere in the district," she says. "I've got to get a lot of votes in the eastern part of the district, in Pierce County—I've got to get the votes everywhere. Do I think a lot of suburban moms from Issaquah and Sammamish are going to show up? Yeah. Am I going to run a campaign that depends only on that? No way! That's how people have lost. Why would I repeat a losing plan?" Schrier has made an effort to speak to voters in the eastern part of the district, and she's found some support out east, too. The Kittitas County Democrats endorsed her, but they also endorsed Rittereiser and Hader, so it doesn't really count. But Mary Morgan, a city council member from Ellensburg, gave Schrier her solo endorsement. Schrier scours the forest in search of voters. Morgan, who "is not registered as a Democrat and never has been," told me over the phone that she endorsed Schrier because she's believable. "I like her brevity and her conciseness," Morgan said. "And I appreciate the fact that when she doesn't know an answer or doesn't know a topic well, she says so. Then she gets an answer and she gets back to you." But what Morgan calls "studious," others might call "not too terribly informed on all the issues affecting the east." Schrier more or less cops to this. "There are things in that part of the district [the east] that aren't as familiar to me as things are in this part of the district [the west], but the strategy is the same," Schrier says. "It's go, listen, learn, and be the best possible representative for those concerns." Speaking of concerns: One of Schrier's answers at a forum earlier this year definitely raised some. Organizers of a candidate forum in Sammamish gave the three Democratic candidates red, green, and yellow signs to indicate their disagreement, agreement, or uncertainty with regard to a series of brief statements asked by the moderator. Schrier held up a red flag to indicate her opposition to the phrase "The government should require children to be vaccinated for preventable diseases." Shortly after the candidate forum, I asked Schrier via e-mail why she opposed requiring vaccinations. "Let me be crystal clear: I believe that every child should be vaccinated," Schrier wrote in reply. "The question asked at Saturday's forum was not at all clear in terms of its intent. Vaccinations should be required to attend preschool and elementary school, in line with our policy here in Washington State." Because Washington is one of 18 states where parents can elect not to vaccinate their kids, and because I still had questions about Schrier's red sign (there was a yellow sign she could have thrown up if she was uncertain), and because in 2008 a person named VeronikaW posted to an internet forum saying, "We met with Dr. Schrier before Ian was born, and while she said she was pro-vax, she said she wouldn't hassle us about our decision," I asked about the vaccination thing again when I meet with Schrier in June. "My recollection is that the question was very precisely worded in a way that seemed incredibly punitive and conveyed a lot more than what the [American Academy of Pediatrics] would support. And so I felt the question was misleading," she says. "I probably should have taken the time afterward to explain where I stand. Because the fact of the matter is, I want every child vaccinated with everything according to the CDC and the AAP and the ACIP, and I want them done on time." Schrier felt the question was misleading, she explains, because not every child needs every vaccine that exists in the world—an answer that seemed less like something you would hear from a concerned pediatrician and more like something you would hear from a slippery politician. This race is less likely to bog down on issues of vaccination—or vacillation—than it is on biography. Schrier presents herself as a member of the #resistance, and the only independent poll done in this deeply purple district shows her doing worse with the independents she must win over if Democrats are going to flip this seat. And Democrats have run candidates from the west side of the mountains over and over: Karen Porterfield. Jason Ritchie. Tony Ventrella. They've lost every single time. Maybe they should try running someone from the east side? Jason Rittereiser: The One Who Can Win Progressive, enemy of unbound hay, and—groan—a guy running in the Year of the Woman. There's a Trump voter sitting in the front row of Jason Rittereiser's "Listen & Learn" health-care forum in Auburn. Her name is Sharon. She's got curly blonde hair, a smoky voice, and an arm in a sling. She works with horses down in Enumclaw, and she recently fell off of one and broke her arm in a way that didn't require surgery. She says the medical bill came to $4,000, which was nowhere near as high as it could have been, but her $3,000 deductible made it nearly impossible to afford anyway. "I have insurance, but I have such a high deductible. If I make one mistake—" The Trump voter can't even finish the sentence. She's pissed. She's anxious. She's sad. She demands that all hospitals include urgent care facilities, and she wants to know what Rittereiser thinks of that idea. Instead of launching into a long explainer about why her suggestion might be difficult to implement, he looks her in the eyes and says he'll "put that solution on the table" when he gets to Congress. By that point in the forum, Rittereiser had said some version of "I'm going to fight for you in Congress" and slammed the "status quo" in Washington, DC, nearly one hundred million times. When he hauled in the metaphorical table, I rolled my eyes. With his freshly shaven face, close-crop haircut, wrinkle-free shirt, and modest khakis, Rittereiser looked and sounded to me like a parody of a politician. But Sharon, the conservative who voted for Trump because he was "the lesser of two evils," took a different view. "I really feel like right now [Rittereiser] is the most non-politician I've heard," she tells me after the forum. "I don't like those canned little snippet taglines, that stump speech kind of stuff, and he doesn't do that." She tells me she feels like Rittereiser really heard her. If a Democrat is going to beat Dino Rossi in the 8th District, they're going to need to win over voters like Sharon. Though the western part of the district may be getting bluer, the south and the east may be getting redder. No one is 100 percent sure how the demographic changes in the district will affect this race, but the candidates are 100 percent sure—at this point, at least—that they need to appeal to the more conservative areas if they want to win. Sitting in a sunny Pioneer Square cafe a few weeks after the health-care forum, Rittereiser lays out the situation bluntly. I mentioned the Blue Wave some analysts and activists hope will sweep Democrats into Congress this year. Now he is the one rolling his eyes. "You talk about a wave election," he says. "This district was created in 1980 and has been insulated from political waves every single year. No Democrat has ever won this district, and there have been Democratic waves in the past. The idea that this district trends with the national political scene is just not true." As a former King County deputy prosecutor with roots east of the mountains, Rittereiser believes his narrative is compelling enough to make him the first Democrat elected to the seat since its inception. Temperamentally, at least, Rittereiser might be right. If there's some question about Kim Schrier seeming too much like a Seattle liberal and Shannon Hader smelling too much of Washington, DC, there's no question Jason Rittereiser is from Ellensburg. Though he completed his undergraduate degree at the University of Washington, though he went to law school in Chicago, and though he worked for a Seattle-based law firm, he comports himself with the normcore masculinity of the kind of suburban Seahawks fan who attends the Ellensburg Rodeo every year—which he does. He's quick to tell you that his dad was a cop and his mom was a schoolteacher. And he never fails to mention his experience baling hay to pay for college. In his latest campaign video, he stands in a hayfield listening to the concerns of actors who volunteered to look like farmers. The goal is to make you forget Rittereiser is a Seattle lawyer, and it's clearly working. He hates hay almost as much as he loves that fucking poll. More than anything, Rittereiser wants this job. His thirst for the position makes sense. He's a millennial, and the only thing millennials want more than a job is another job. He turned 34 this year, which makes him an elderly millennial. Schrier and Hader are both 49 years old, and so they have more experience than he does, but his demographic allows him to fashion himself as a member of "the next generation of leaders in Congress." He's a Jason Kander type. A Joe Kennedy III type. He called Conor Lamb "my buddy" at the health-care forum. Rittereiser has been especially energetic lately following the release of the House Majority PAC poll. You remember that poll, right? It's the one and only poll done in the race, it's the one and only poll that keeps coming up, it's the poll that shows Schrier winning the primary but losing the election? Well, that same poll shows Rittereiser as the only Democratic candidate who beats Rossi in a head-to-head matchup. Hader ties with Rossi in the general election, and all these wins/losses fall within the margin of error, which suggests that everyone has a chance to beat Rossi. But the poll—the one and only poll—shows Rittereiser doing well among independents, and particularly among independent women, and that could be crucial. And unlike Schrier, the poll found that the more independent or swing voters get to know Rittereiser, the more they like him. These are the Sharons that Rittereiser needs to win. The irony is that Rittereiser holds one of the most progressive views in the race. Rittereiser is the only person running who fully and unreservedly backs HR 676, the House's version of Senator Bernie Sanders's Medicare for All bill. "My brand of Democratic politics harks back to a time when we actually fought for working people," Rittereiser says when I ask him about the philosophy that drives his politics. "My grandfather used to say, if you carried a lunch pail to work, you were a Democrat. We've lost a big contingent of those people who carry a lunch pail to work. And I think it's because we've forgotten that Democrats must be the party that fights for working-class people, that fights for people struggling to get into the middle class, that fights for equality and justice and all those things we should aspire to." You can see him trying to put that philosophy into practice during the course of the campaign. In late June, he convinced his law firm, HKM Employment Attorneys, to provide pro bono legal assistance for federal employees who don't want to carry out Trump's draconian immigration policies. Rachel Maddow amplified his message by interviewing him on her show. Though the offer of free legal help for federal employees was one of Rittereiser's good lawyer-y ideas, sometimes his prosecutorial background becomes a liability. To the extent that anyone has "gone negative" in the campaign, Rittereiser was the first to do so. He's accused Schrier of "attempting to mislead voters" by publishing partial results of an internal poll showing her way ahead of the other Democrats in the primary "among 173 self-identified Democrats," which she kind of did. But he also slammed her for working at a hospital that doesn't take certain forms of Medicaid—something she has no control over. Two people at Rittereiser's health-care forum told me they didn't like seeing Rittereiser go after Schrier the way he did. They saw it as going negative, and they're worried about the appearance of infighting of any kind. Robin MacNofsky, a precinct committee officer in the 31st Legislative District, said, "Please, oh please, as Democrats, let's not attack each other." But Rittereiser doesn't see his attacks as negative. "I think that in any race, in particular in races for Congress, we are picking 435 people in the United States to go to the House of Representatives and represent America," he said. "The idea that we shouldn't have a rigorous debate about who's qualified to do that... is absurd to me. We need a return of civilities not to US politics, but to governing." It is time to mention the white male elephant in the room. Rittereiser is a white guy and a lawyer running against two white women who work in health-care fields in this, the Year of the Woman. Writing for the Cook Political Report, David Wasserman argues that women have been dominating the Democratic primaries, benefitting from a 15 percent advantage due to their gender. As much as Rittereiser wants to be a congressman, Democrats want to elect congresswomen. Moreover, we have plenty of white male lawyers in Washington, DC. Should one of the bluest states in the country really be sending another one to the House? And as Hader and Schrier like to point out, Dino Rossi's favorite thing to do is lose statewide races to women. Wouldn't not backing a woman in this primary amount to political malpractice? Rittereiser obviously doesn't think so. "I don't buy the notion that we should pick representatives based on gender, or based on race, or based on anything other than that individual's experience, background, qualifications, and whether or not they can win. If we start picking people based on intangibles they have no control over, that's a recipe for disaster in Congress," he says. But of course he would say that. However, as he mentioned earlier, Washington's 8th District is extremely weird and particular, and it's not at all clear if it will follow national trends. And while it's true that Rossi loves to lose to women, those were statewide losses. Fact is, the last time Rossi lost to a woman in the 8th District was when he lost a state senate race to Kathleen Drew in 1992. He won the 8th by roughly 10 points when he ran against Senator Murray in 2010. In his second gubernatorial race in 2008, he beat Gregoire by roughly 6,000 votes in the district. And he almost won his first governor's race against Gregoire—the final tally came down to a difference of 133 votes. None of this is to say a woman couldn't beat Rossi handily in the 8th, but he doesn't seem to be particularly vulnerable to a candidate just because she's a woman. While electing more women to Congress is extremely important for liberals in blue districts—progressives in safe blue districts are backing women all over the country—electing more women isn't a rallying cry among conservatives and independents in the 8th District. "Gender means nothing to me" said Mark from Ravensdale, who I met at Kim Schrier's meet and greet. His wife, Julianna, nodded along to that sentiment. He describes himself as an independent, and she describes herself as a Democrat. "I know not everyone would agree," Mark continued, "but I'm a humanist. I just want the person who's going to reflect the values I was taught as a kid—that we should care for each other." The poll—that one fucking poll—seems to confirm Mark's sentiment. Rittereiser's numbers among independents go up significantly, particularly among independent women, after they read positive and negative profiles of him. Unlike Schrier, the more voters get to know Rittereiser, the more they like him. According. To. One. Poll. But if Rittereiser doesn't take too much heat in the district for being a white guy in the Year of the Woman, he might take some heat for being inexperienced. Though he cites his "experience" with legislation as a lawyer, and though he sits on Governor Jay Inslee's State Advisory Council on Homelessness, Rittereiser's experience in politics begins and ends as a ground-level campaign staffer working on Representative Rick Larsen's 2005–06 reelection, a job he got just out of college. In an interview with the Seattle Times, Dino Rossi expresses no small amount of glee at the prospect of running against a Democrat who hasn't been elected for anything in their entire life. (In response, Rittereiser said: "If he thinks because he's been appointed as a state senator recently, because he's run statewide three times and lost, if he thinks that equates to experience—I think it's going to be a tough argument to make.") Though sending a white male attorney to Congress is nothing new, sending a Democrat from the east side of the mountains would be. Rittereiser is the law-and-order guy from Ellensburg who polls well with independent and Democratic women in the district. He's the only Democrat from the east side who's run for the seat. Ever. And since Democrats will put all their money and energy behind whichever Democratic candidate emerges from the primary, it makes sense to bet on the guy with connections in the region where they've struggled to get votes. It makes sense, that is, if he can make it through the primary. He's not too far behind Schrier in terms of fundraising, but he's well behind her and Hader in terms of name recognition. In every poll—that fucking poll I keep mentioning, and in an internal poll released by Schrier—Rittereiser trails everybody in initial votes. Rittereiser seems like the candidate who can win, but only if everyone in the 8th District finds out about him in the next five weeks. | Mid | [
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AustCham's Submission to the Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong: The Australian Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong and Macau submitted its recommendations to the Hong Kong SAR ahead of the Chief Executive's first policy address due to take place next week. In this submission, AustCham calls for the HKSAR to continue to preserve Hong Kong's place as a major international city by: Preserving the rule of law, independence of the judiciary, freedom of speech and free flow of capital; Harnessing Hong Kong’s inherent dynamism and capacity to innovate by laying fertile ground for start-ups and embracing digital technology; “walk the talk” in terms of ensuring that the bureaucracy acts as a role model establishing technological and digital best practices; Continuingto address entrenched bank account opening and administration difficulties impacting the ability of our members to do business; Providing tax incentives and certainty for corporations through a proposed regional headquarter tax concessions and Group Tax loss relief, among other initiatives; Stepping up critically needed actions to address Hong Kong ‘s impending ageing crisis and seek to mandate raising the retirement age across the board. AustCham also fully supports the Hong Kong Government’s commitment to Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations with Australia, noting the significance of the territory’s recent conclusion of talks with ASEAN on an FTA. | Mid | [
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package com.xiaojukeji.kafka.manager.web.config; import com.xiaojukeji.kafka.manager.web.inteceptor.PermissionInterceptor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; /** * @author zengqiao * @date 20/1/19 */ @SpringBootConfiguration @Component @DependsOn({"permissionInterceptor"}) public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Autowired private PermissionInterceptor permissionInterceptor; @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index"); registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index"); registry.addViewController("/login").setViewName("index"); registry.addViewController("/login/**").setViewName("index"); registry.addViewController("/admin").setViewName("index"); registry.addViewController("/admin/**").setViewName("index"); registry.addViewController("/user").setViewName("index"); registry.addViewController("/user/**").setViewName("index"); } @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(permissionInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/api/v1/**"); } @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { // SWAGGER registry.addResourceHandler("swagger-ui.html").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/"); registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"); // FE registry.addResourceHandler("index.html", "/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/templates/","classpath:/static/"); } } | Mid | [
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/* Copyright (c) 2004-2010, The Dojo Foundation All Rights Reserved. Available via Academic Free License >= 2.1 OR the modified BSD license. see: http://dojotoolkit.org/license for details */ if(!dojo._hasResource["dojox.validate.creditCard"]){ dojo._hasResource["dojox.validate.creditCard"]=true; dojo.provide("dojox.validate.creditCard"); dojo.require("dojox.validate._base"); dojox.validate._cardInfo={"mc":"5[1-5][0-9]{14}","ec":"5[1-5][0-9]{14}","vi":"4(?:[0-9]{12}|[0-9]{15})","ax":"3[47][0-9]{13}","dc":"3(?:0[0-5][0-9]{11}|[68][0-9]{12})","bl":"3(?:0[0-5][0-9]{11}|[68][0-9]{12})","di":"6011[0-9]{12}","jcb":"(?:3[0-9]{15}|(2131|1800)[0-9]{11})","er":"2(?:014|149)[0-9]{11}"}; dojox.validate.isValidCreditCard=function(_1,_2){ return ((_2.toLowerCase()=="er"||dojox.validate.isValidLuhn(_1))&&dojox.validate.isValidCreditCardNumber(_1,_2.toLowerCase())); }; dojox.validate.isValidCreditCardNumber=function(_3,_4){ _3=String(_3).replace(/[- ]/g,""); var _5=dojox.validate._cardInfo,_6=[]; if(_4){ var _7="^"+_5[_4.toLowerCase()]+"$"; return _7?!!_3.match(_7):false; } for(var p in _5){ if(_3.match("^"+_5[p]+"$")){ _6.push(p); } } return _6.length?_6.join("|"):false; }; dojox.validate.isValidCvv=function(_8,_9){ if(!dojo.isString(_8)){ _8=String(_8); } var _a; switch(_9.toLowerCase()){ case "mc": case "ec": case "vi": case "di": _a="###"; break; case "ax": _a="####"; break; } return !!_a&&_8.length&&dojox.validate.isNumberFormat(_8,{format:_a}); }; } | Mid | [
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1. We have carried out an equilibrium ultracentrifugation study of five DNA dodecamers four of which contain purine-purine mispairs. At temperatures below the main order-disorder transition, solutions of these DNA molecules are equilibrium mixtures of organized monomeric hairpin and double helical molecules. The finding of hairpin molecules has: a) led to the inference based upon optical melting data that two base pair loops are possible in DNA b) led to a satisfactory and self-consistent thermodynamic analysis of the melting transition which by inclusion of the helix-hairpin equilibrium results in reasonable values of the associated thermodynamic parameters as opposed to unreasonable values obtained by assuming an oversimplified two-state model for the transition. 2. We have completed to thermodynamically rigorous computation that elucidates the underlying causes of complex bimodal and polymodal excess heat capacity vs. temperature profiles for the thermal denaturation of macromolecule that may bind and arbitrary number of ligand molecules to either and/or both the native and denatured states between which there may also be a finite difference in heat capacity. These calculations account essentially completely for experimental data we have obtained and demonstrate that complex thermograms can arise from the melting of structural domains with in the macromolecule. 3. We have measured the heat of reaction between the repressor protein cro and six different 21 bp DNA oligonucleotides between 5 degrees and 37 degrees. The DNA sequences include two specific operator sequences OR1 and OR3, two completely "non-specific" sequences and two sequences of intermediate affinity. The enthalpy changes are proportional to the affinity for DNA and are endothermic at low temperature becoming exothermic above 25 degrees. The magnitudes of the enthalpy changes are surprisingly small considering the wide area of contact between protein and DNA. | High | [
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The invention relates to a device for bending an intraocular lens with a flexible optical part, before the lens is implanted in the bent condition, by being passed through a small-sized incision (conventionally of 3 to 4 mm) provided in the eye (in general in the cornea). Intraocular lenses with a flexible optical part have the advantage that they can be bent before they are introduced into the eye, which allows them to be passed into a small-sized incision. After it has been put into place in the eye, the optical part is opened out, and resumes its initial shape. Intraocular lenses which can be bent have an optical part made of flexible material, which in particular can be selected from amongst the elastomers of polyurethane, the elastomers of silicon, and synthetic or organic gels (hydrogel, hydrated PMMA and/or HEMA, etc.). Intraocular lenses additionally comprise a haptic part for securing to the inner wall of the eye, which can be formed from the same material as the optical part, or on the other hand can be formed from haptic loops made from another material, for example PMMA, added to the optical part. Some intraocular lenses with a flexible optical part can be bent, at the choice of the surgeon, according to one or the other of several different bending lines, which are selected in particular according to the shape of the lens, its location or method for implantation, or the habits of the surgeon. Thus, intraocular lenses comprising two curved haptic loops which are in the shape of a so-called xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d can be bent as a whole according to one or the other of two methods for bending. According to the first method for bending, known as 6 o""clock-12 o""clock, the optical part is bent according to a diametral bending line, the extensions of which beyond the optical part intersect the free end part of each haptic loop. When the lens has been bent, its two haptic loops extend longitudinally opposite one another, on the bent optical part. The implantation is then carried out in two steps. In a first step, the surgeon, who is holding grippers, between the jaws of which the bent optical part is gripped, introduces the first haptic loop, then the optical part, into the eye (into the capsule for a cataract operation), then opens the grippers in order to release the optical part. In a second step, the surgeon grips in the grippers the second haptic loop, which is still extending through the incision, and introduces it into the eye. This first method for bending has the advantage that it is relatively easy to execute. However, it requires two implantation steps, and two passages of the grippers through the incision. The operation is thus relatively lengthy, and these repeated passages through the incision are a risk factor for the patient. According to the second method for bending, which is known as 3 o""clock-9 o""clock, the optical part is bent along a diametral bending line, the extensions of which beyond the optical part do not intersect the haptic loops. When the lens has been bent, its two haptic loops overlap and intersect, on the same side of the bent optical part. The implantation can then be carried out in a single step, by introducing through the incision firstly the free ends of the two haptic loops, then, after rotation, the optical part. According to this second method for bending, the operation of implantation is faster, but far more delicate, since the surgeon must control satisfactory passage and correct positioning of the lens in the incision, and opening out of the optical part, in the eye. In addition, it may happen that the haptic loops, which are presented in the incision with their free end facing forwards, collide with an ocular wall, which can give rise to lesions of the eye, or even breakage of a haptic loop. Consequently, neither method for bending is preferable to the other, and in fact the inventors have found that, for the same intraocular lens, there are some surgeons who recommend and use the first method for bending, i.e. 6 o""clock-12 o""clock, and others who recommend and use the second method for bending, i.e. 3 o""clock-9 o""clock. In addition, it has been found that the method for bending selected can vary according to the personality of the surgeon, i.e. according to his tastes or habits, but also, for the same surgeon, according to the cases of surgical operations to be carried out, such that it is not possible to know in advance the method for bending which the surgeon will select for an operation. U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,293 describes bending grippers in a single piece, which comprise receptacles to accommodate the implant, and a pair of bending support surfaces, which approach one another substantially in translation, according to a diametral direction of the lens, when manoeuvring handles are actuated, which are connected to one another by a flexible portion which forms a hinge. By means of this device, when the intraocular lens has been placed in the accommodation receptacles, it can be bent only according to a single bending line, perpendicular to the said diametral direction, only according to the 6 o""clock-12 o""clock bending method. In addition, the lens must firstly be handled in order to be put into place in the accommodation receptacles of the gripper, in order to be bent. U.S. Pat. No. 5,139,501 describes a device for bending comprising a bending support surface which is secured onto a frame, and a bending support surface which is formed at the end of a slide, which is fitted such as to be mobile in translation relative to the frame, with studs for attachment of the haptic loops. This device permits bending only according to the 3 o""clock-9 o""clock method for bending. In addition, it should be noted that the slide is guided in translation towards the lens in a dovetail slide, such that any wear dust resulting from the friction of the parts during this displacement tends to be carried towards the lens, with the risk of dirtying the latter before the implantation takes place. These devices for bending are only slightly successful commercially. In fact, when they are provided together with the lens (for example as packaging for the lens, which is placed in the device in the factory), the surgeon can use the lens only with the method for bending of the corresponding device for bending. It is therefore necessary either to plan to select the method for bending before the purchase is made, which is rarely possible, or to constitute stocks with each type of device for bending. In addition, if the device for bending is provided independently from the lens, risky handling is necessary in order to place the lens in the device for bending, which increases the time necessary for the operation, and the risks of dirtying and deterioration of the lens. U.S. Pat. No. 5,281,227 describes a device for bending a flexible lens comprising a frame, a one-way bending unit comprising a pair of bending jaws supported by resilient flexible side members of this bending unit, which is fitted such as to rotate on the frame, and can be disconnected from the frame, and a cap. In order to bend the lens in place between the jaws of the bending unit, the cap is removed, then the bending unit is placed according to the required orientation, by being pivoted relative to the frame, the frame preventing the lens from pivoting on its support, then the bending unit is disconnected from the frame, the lens remaining in place between the jaws of the bending unit, then a gripper to grasp the lens is inserted between the jaws of the bending unit, and the two jaws are drawn close to one another by resilient deformation of the side members. This device has the disadvantage in particular that it requires sliding of the lens support of the bending unit relative to the lens, during pivoting for orientation of the bending unit, with the risk of damaging the condition of the surface of the optical part of the lens, which is particularly sensitive. In addition, bending of the lens requires a large number of handling operations, some of which are relatively delicate, by the surgeon. Furthermore, if there is any difficulty during the bending, there is a risk that the lens will fall on the floor, and be lost definitively. Moreover, the surgeon cannot leave the bending unit in an intermediate bending position, owing to the resilience of the side members. Also, the action of the surgeon on the side members is implemented directly, without any gearing down, on the bending jaws and on the lens, such that the bending cannot be carried out gradually and accurately. The quality of the bending is therefore closely associated with the skill of the surgeon. The object of the invention is thus to eliminate these disadvantages, by providing a device for bending an intraocular lens, which, without prior handling of the lens relative to the device, makes it possible to bend the lens according to one or another of several methods for bending, corresponding to distinct diametral bending lines, at the choice of the surgeon, immediately before the operation of implantation. The object of the invention is thus in particular to provide a device for bending which makes it possible to carry out bending of an intraocular lens with haptic loops in the shape of a xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d, at the choice of the surgeon, immediately before the operation of implantation, without prior handling of the lens relative to the device, i.e. according to a 6 o""clock-12 o""clock bending method, or according to a 3 o""clock-9 o""clock bending method. The object of the invention is also to provide a device for bending of this type, which is simple and inexpensive. More particularly, the object of the invention is to provide methods for production of a device for bending of this type, consisting of a minimal number of separate parts, and in particular at the most four parts which are mobile relative to one another. The object of the invention is also, and more particularly, to provide methods for production of a device for bending of this type, which have limited risks of dirtying and deterioration of the lens during bending. The object of the invention is also, and more particularly, to provide methods for production of a device for bending of this type, which are simple and immediately understandable, and which in particular make it possible to select the method for bending easily, quickly, and without risk of error. The object of the invention is also, and more particularly, to provide methods for production of a device for bending of this type, which is quick and easy to handle, and by means of which the bending can be executed gradually, slowly and accurately, without requiring particular skill by the surgeon. For this purpose, the object of the invention is more particularly to provide methods for production of a device for bending of this type, in which the movement imparted by the surgeon on each mobile manoeuvring unit is geared down, the path of displacement of the corresponding mobile bending support surface being reduced relative to that of the mobile manoeuvring unit. The object of the invention is also, and more particularly, to provide methods for production of a device for bending of this type, in which the device can act as packaging for the intraocular lens, and can be sterilised. For this purpose, the invention relates to a device for bending an intraocular lens with a flexible optical part, be fore the lens is implanted, comprising: means for reception of the lens; at least one pair of bending support surfaces, which are designed to be able to be placed in contact with the optical part of the lens, in two areas of contact which are opposite according to a single diametral direction; means for manoeuvring, which are connected to at least one bending support surface, and, when they are actuated, are designed to control displacement towards another bending support surface of a single pair of bending support surfaces, characterised in that the means for manoeuvring are designed such that, with a lens in place in the means for reception: according to a first method for actuation of the means for manoeuvring, two bending support surfaces come into contact with the optical part of the lens, in two areas of contact which are opposite according to a first diametral direction, for bending according to a first bending line; according to at least a second method for actuation of the means for manoeuvring, two bending support surfaces come into contact with the optical part of the lens, in two areas of contact which are opposite according to a second diametral direction, which is different from the first diametral direction, for bending according to a second bending line, which is distinct from the first bending line, such that the lens can be bent according to one or the other of the different bending lines. Advantageously and according to the invention, in particular when the intraocular lens is of the type comprising two haptic loops in the shape of a xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d (throughout the text, this expression denotes curved haptic loops which are deformable flexurally, which are connected to the periphery of the optical part by one of their ends, and have another, free end, the two loops having a shape which is globally symmetrical relative to one another, in relation to the optical axis of the optical part), the first diametral direction and the second diametral direction forming between one another an angle of between 60xc2x0 and 120xc2x0, such that the lens can be bent according to one or the other of two bending lines which form between one another an angle of between 60xc2x0 and 120xc2x0. In a variant, advantageously and according to the invention, the device for bending comprises: a frame which includes the means for reception of the lens; at least one pair of bending support surfaces, which are designed to be able to be placed radially in contact with the periphery of the optical part of the lens, in two diametrically opposite areas of contact, at least one of the two bending support surfaces, known as the mobile bending support surface of a pair of bending support surfaces, being fitted relative to the frame such that it can be drawn closer to the other bending support surface of this pair of bending support surfaces, and in that the means for manoeuvring comprise at least one mobile manoeuvring unit, which is connected to at least one mobile bending support surface, in order to control the displacements of the latter relative to the means for reception, when this mobile manoeuvring unit is actuated. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the device for bending is characterised in that it comprises: a first pair of bending support surfaces, which are designed to be able to be placed in contact with the periphery of the optical part of the lens, in two opposite areas of contact, according to the first diametral direction, and, under the effect of the actuation of at least one mobile manoeuvring unit according to the first embodiment of actuation, to produce bending of the lens according to the first line of bending; at least one second pair of bending support surfaces, distinct from the first pair of bending support surfaces, the bending support surfaces of this second pair being designed to be able to be placed in contact with the periphery of the optical part of the lens, in two opposite areas of contact, according to the second diametral direction, and, under the effect of the actuation of at least one mobile manoeuvring unit according to the second embodiment of actuation, to produce bending of the lens according to the second line of bending, which is distinct from the first line of bending. In one embodiment, and according to the invention, the device for bending is characterised in that the means for manoeuvring comprise at least two mobile manoeuvring units, one of which is connected to at least one first mobile bending support surface of a first pair of bending support surfaces, and the other of which is connected to at least one second mobile bending support surface of a second pair of bending support surfaces. According to another embodiment, advantageously and according to the invention, the device for bending is characterised in that the means for manoeuvring comprise a mobile manoeuvring unit, which is connected to at least one first mobile bending support surface of the first pair of bending support surfaces, and to at least one second mobile bending support surface of the second pair of bending support surfaces, this mobile manoeuvring unit being designed to be able to be actuated either according to the first method for actuation, or according to the second method for actuation. Advantageously and according to the invention, the device for bending is characterised in that the mobile manoeuvring unit is fitted such as to rotate relative to the frame, in that the first method for actuation corresponds to displacement in rotation of the mobile manoeuvring unit in a first direction of rotation, and in that the second method for actuation corresponds to displacement in rotation of the mobile manoeuvring unit in the second direction of rotation, opposite to the first direction of rotation. As a variant or in association, the device for bending is characterised in that the mobile manoeuvring unit is fitted relative to the frame such that it can be displaced according to at least two distinct directions of translation, one of which corresponds to the first method for actuation, whereas the other corresponds to the second method for actuation. According to another variant, or in association, the device for bending is characterised in that the mobile manoeuvring unit is fitted relative to the frame such that it can be displaced according to at least one direction of translation, and according to at least two opposite directions according to this direction of translation, one of which corresponds to the first method for actuation, whereas the other corresponds to the second method for actuation. It should be noted that there is nothing to prevent the mobile manoeuvring unit from being fitted such as to rotate and slide, i.e. with displacement components which are combined in rotation and in translation. In addition, advantageously and according to the invention, the device for bending is characterised in that a first mobile bending support surface of the first pair of bending support surfaces and a second mobile bending support surface of the second pair of bending support surfaces are integral with a single intermediate mobile part, which is fitted and guided relative to the frame, and is connected to the mobile manoeuvring unit, such as to be able to be entrained in displacement under the effect of actuation of this mobile manoeuvring unit according to one or the other of the methods for actuation. Also, in the different embodiments, advantageously and according to the invention, a mobile manoeuvring unit is connected to each mobile bending support surface of which it controls the displacements, by means of a cam and contact slide system. Thus, the movement of actuation by the practitioner on this mobile manoeuvring unit can have a path which is longer than that of the displacement of the mobile bending support surface. In addition, in some embodiments, advantageously and according to the invention, each pair of bending support surfaces comprises a bending support surface which is fixed relative to the frame. Also, in some embodiments, advantageously and according to the invention, each mobile bending support surface is fitted relative to the frame such as to be able to be mobile at least substantially in translation, in particular according to a corresponding diametral direction. In addition, advantageously and according to the invention, the device for bending is characterised in that the means for reception are designed to receive the intraocular lens, which is oriented, in particular relative to the frame, according to a single possible direction. In particular, and according to the invention, the means for reception advantageously comprise receptacles to accommodate the haptic part of the lens, and in particular haptic lenses in the shape of a xe2x80x9cCxe2x80x9d. The means for reception can be formed entirely or partially by the (fixed or mobile) bending support surfaces themselves. It should be noted that since the lens is in place in the means for reception, according to its predetermined orientation, the surgeon does not need to handle the lens with grippers or the like, in order to select the method for bending. In fact, it is sufficient for him to actuate the means for manoeuvring of the device for bending, according to the method for actuation appropriate for the bending selected. In addition, advantageously and according to the invention, the device for bending is characterised in that it constitutes packaging for an intraocular lens, and includes a cap which is closed onto the lens which is in place in the means for reception, this cap being designed to be able to be opened in order to permit access to the lens. Advantageously and according to the invention, this cap is designed also to serve the purpose of keeping the lens in place in the means for reception, perpendicularly to the plane of the optical part, i.e. according to the optical axis. In addition, advantageously and according to the invention, the cap is designed such that, in the position in which it is closed onto the lens, it prevents any premature displacement of the means for manoeuvring, and, in its open position, it permits actuation of the means for manoeuvring according to one or the other of the methods for actuation. The invention also extends to a device for bending, which is characterised in combination by some or all of the characteristics described previously or hereinafter. | Low | [
0.530214424951267,
34,
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package dev.environment.listener; import dev.environment.bean.EnvironmentBean; import dev.environment.bean.ModuleBean; /** * detail: 模块环境改变触发事件 * @author Ttt */ public interface OnEnvironmentChangeListener { /** * 模块环境发生变化时触发 * @param module 环境发生变化的模块 * @param oldEnvironment 该模块的旧环境 * @param newEnvironment 该模块的最新环境 */ void onEnvironmentChanged(ModuleBean module, EnvironmentBean oldEnvironment, EnvironmentBean newEnvironment); } | High | [
0.711409395973154,
19.875,
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Q: JQuery - Set TBODY I have a table defined as follows: <table id="myTable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <thead><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>First Name</th> <th>Last Name</th> </tr></thead> <tbody> <!-- rows will go here --> </tbody> </table> I am trying to dynamically populate 'myTable' at runtime via JavaScript. To accomodate for this, I am using JQuery. I want to write some HTML into the tbody element within 'myTable'. However, I am having problems understanding how to do this with the selectors. I know that I can get 'myTable' using: $("#myTable") I know that I can set the HTML of myTable by using the following: $("#myTable").html(someHtmlString); However, that sets the HTML of the entire table. In reality, I just want to set the HTML within the TBODY of 'myTable'. How do I do this with JQuery? Thank you! A: You would use: $("#myTable > tbody"); which selects tbody elements that are the direct descendant of #myTable. Alternatively, you could use: $('tbody', '#myTable'); which finds all tbody elements within the context of #myTable. In jQuery, there are often several ways to accomplish what you need. Another way, would be to do: $('#myTable').children('tbody'); which is effectively the same as my first solution above. jQuery has great docs: Selectors: http://api.jquery.com/category/selectors/ Traversing: http://api.jquery.com/category/traversing/ A: Find the tbody element and use append, if you want to add rows, or html, if you want to replace all rows. $('#myTable tbody').append(someRowHtml); $('#myTable tbody').html(someRowHtml); Note that if you have more than one tbody element you'll also need to use the :first selector (or nth-child -- don't forget that, that although it's zero-based, you have a thead element) to get the correct one. $('#myTable tbody:first').append(...); | High | [
0.685857321652065,
34.25,
15.6875
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Students work on their own on the Think About It problem. This is a quick problem for students to complete. Students fill in the ratio table. As a class, we discuss why a tape diagram could not be the visual model for this problem. I frame the lesson by telling students that, in this lesson, they will learn a third model that can be used with ratios. Specifically, double number lines are used with part to part rations that have different units. Resources (1) Resources In the Intro to New Material section, students learn to create the double number line model. I guide students to create the double number line for the first example problem. We need to use two number lines because we're representing quantities with different units. I tell students that it would not make sense to model minutes and miles on the same number line. Using these steps, we fill in the notes in this section: Steps for Drawing Double Number lines: Draw two straight parallel lines and label with units and arrow as the end. Draw a tick mark through both lines and label with given ratio. Start with 0 and 0 on each number line. Label the units of each number line. Use skip counting to find equivalent ratios and plot them equidistant from each other. Draw tick marks and label. Stop when the unknown term has been reached. Circle and answer with units. I then guide students through completing the next example in this set. The student sample, from the Independent Practice problem set, shows what student-created double number lines should look like. Resources (2) Resources Students work in pairs for the Partner Practice. As students work, I circulate around the room. I am looking for: Are students correctly labeling the double number lines? Are students correctly drawing the double number line? Equal spacing, numbers that correspond to A are along the same line and B along another line? Are students correctly skip counting to solve the problem. Are students showing clear, logical work? Are students providing an answer to the specific question? Are students checking for the reasonableness of their answer? I'm asking students: What does the ratio mean in this problem? What is the value of each part? How do you know? What is the question asking you to find? How did you know to use a double number line? How did you find the values for the intervals on the double number line? How do you know when to stop skip counting? After 10 minutes of partner work time, the class comes back together. I pull a popsicle stick to cold call on a student. I display one of the double number lines that this student has completed. I cold call another student and ask if the work shown contains a double number line that's constructed correctly. I cold call a third student and ask how the original student knew when to stop the double number line. We discuss problem 2 from this set after work time. I want students using double number lines when the units are different. For problem 2, both parts are measured in rows. Students can use a tape diagram (or ratio table) to solve. It's very likely that students will have used a double number line to represent this problem. Numerically, they will come to the right answer. The conversation after work time will reinforce for students that they should use a double number line for part to part relationships with different units. Otherwise, we'd be able to model the quantities on one number line, if they have the same unit. I then guide students to discuss problem number 4, which involves a total. We discuss the model that would work best here. There will be students who used a double number line, labeling tulips and daisies for each respective number line. They'll have run into the problem of not having a total in the model to work with. Students then independently complete the check for understanding at the end of this section. After 3 minutes of work time, I have students clap out their answer choice for this problem. Resources (1) Resources After 15 minutes of work time, I have students turn and talk with their partners about their responses from problem number 4 in this set. I want students to talk about multiple ways to make sense of this problem. We then discuss problem 7 as a class. I want students to articulate how the differences in the pizza problems led students to model the problems in different ways. Resources (1) Resources I ask students to work with their partners to summarize when a double number line would be the most appropriate visual model. I ask 2-3 pairs to share out their thoughts, and we synthesize the responses into one common understanding: double number lines are used for part to part ratio problems with different units. Resources S Laguda: I think this is a wonderful start in introducing the lesson. Thank you for sharing this. It allows students to work on drawing the double number line, equidistance, etc. I will be using this tomorrow. | 3 months ago | Reply | Mid | [
0.5462962962962961,
29.5,
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Ancient fishing lure Kievan Rus original CAD $15.43or Best OfferSold, CAD $9.87 Shipping, 14-Day Returns Seller:ozon-sun(724)100%, Location:Europe, Ships to: Worldwide, Item:272367864122Details: DESCRIPTION Ancient fishing lure Kievan Rus original PAYMENT We accept payments through PayPal. Payment must take a place in 7 working days after your order. The goods which are not paid in 7 working days will be re-offer for sale and availability of the goods are not guarantee. If you have any questions – please do not hesitate to contact us – please send us e-mails and our specialists will contact you ASAP. If you did not get the answer in 24 hours please check anti-spam filter in your e-mail box and please pay attention to difference in our local time. Any way you can send your request again. We really appreciate you for positive feedback. Please do not leave you negative or neutral feedback “in warm blood”. Please contact us and we apply maximum efforts to solve the problem. Our feedback we will leave automatically as the answer to your feedback. Thank you for visiting our shop. Best regards and hope for future cooperation! SHIPPING We deliver the goods all over the world. Sometime we can send the goods without original packing (to reduce the weight and to guarantee best way of saving goods condition while delivering). The goods which you buy will be sent you in 1-2 days after 100% prepayment by DHL in Germany or by AIR mail in case of sending the goods abroad. All orders have insurance and tracking number. Please leave your notes concerning your personal order (for example colour or size) when you make the payment. We work 5 days a week (except weekends and holydays). Standard delivery time is: European countries – 3-20 days, rest world – 5-25 days. Please do not forget that the goods which you buy are located in other end of the Earth and it will take more time to deliver you the goods. Please place your order in case you are satisfied with delivery dates and with all the conditions below. In case of international delivery of some groups of the goods have binding Customs Taxes and the recipient must know about them and pay them. This way it is completely client’s responsibility. As usual delaysof delivery and impossibility to deliver the goods are concerned with customs policy. For example it is not possible to deliver laser pointer to some countries. That is why please learn carefully your local customs rules before your payment. We are not responsible for any mistakes which are concerned with this matter. If the goods have defects or you are not satisfied of quality – please send it back in 14 days for replacement or refund. But the goods must be resent in the same condition as you got them. Please contact us and check carefully returning address before you send it. We will send you replacement just after we got unconditioned goods. | Mid | [
0.5694117647058821,
30.25,
22.875
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<?php // This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/ // // Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License // along with Moodle. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. /** * Strings for component 'atto_table', language 'en'. * * @package atto_table * @copyright 2013 Damyon Wiese <[email protected]> * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later */ $string['addcolumnafter'] = 'Insert column after'; $string['addrowafter'] = 'Insert row after'; $string['all'] = 'Around each cell'; $string['allowbackgroundcolour'] = 'Allow background colour'; $string['allowborder'] = 'Allow border styling'; $string['allowborder_desc'] = 'If enabled, table and cell borders can be customised.'; $string['allowwidth'] = 'Allow width'; $string['appearance'] = 'Appearance'; $string['backgroundcolour'] = 'Background colour'; $string['both'] = 'Both'; $string['bordercolour'] = 'Border colour'; $string['borders'] = 'Borders'; $string['bordersize'] = 'Size of borders'; $string['borderstyles'] = 'Style of borders'; $string['caption'] = 'Caption'; $string['captionposition'] = 'Caption position'; $string['columns'] = 'Columns'; $string['createtable'] = 'Create table'; $string['deletecolumn'] = 'Delete column'; $string['deleterow'] = 'Delete row'; $string['dashed'] = 'Dashed'; $string['dotted'] = 'Dotted'; $string['edittable'] = 'Edit table'; $string['headers'] = 'Define headers on'; $string['movecolumnleft'] = 'Move column left'; $string['movecolumnright'] = 'Move column right'; $string['moverowdown'] = 'Move row down'; $string['moverowup'] = 'Move row up'; $string['noborder'] = 'No border'; $string['none'] = 'None'; $string['numberofcolumns'] = 'Number of columns'; $string['numberofrows'] = 'Number of rows'; $string['outer'] = 'Around table'; $string['pluginname'] = 'Table'; $string['rows'] = 'Rows'; $string['settings'] = 'Table settings'; $string['solid'] = 'Solid'; $string['themedefault'] = 'Theme default'; $string['transparent'] = 'Transparent'; $string['updatetable'] = 'Update table'; $string['width'] = 'Table width (in %)'; $string['privacy:metadata'] = 'The atto_table plugin does not store any personal data.'; | Mid | [
0.6153846153846151,
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Annual fish as a genetic model for aging. Advancement in the genetics of aging and identification of longevity genes has been largely due to the model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. However, knowledge gained from these invertebrates will not be able to identify vertebrate-specific longevity genes. The mouse has a relatively long life span of about 3 years, which limits its utility for screening of longevity genes. Fish have been used in aging studies. However, systematic comparison of survivorship curves for fish is lacking. In this study, we compared the survivorship curves of zebrafish and 2 different annual fish, namely, Cynolebias nigripinnis and Nothobranchius rachovii. These studies established that Nothobranchius rachovii has the shortest life span (8.5 months, at which time 10% of population remains). We also established that it is possible to breed Nothobranchius rachovii under laboratory conditions, and showed that their embryos can be stored for several months and hatched at any time by adding water. In addition, we have isolated 31 cDNA markers out of 71 attempted amplifications based on corresponding homologous genomic sequences in zebrafish and Fugu available from public databases, suggesting that approximately 40% of the genes from Nothobranchius rachovii could be easily isolated. Thus, the ability to be bred under laboratory conditions and the availability of cDNA markers for mapping, along with the major advantage of a relatively short life span, make Nothobranchius rachovii an attractive vertebrate genetic model for aging over other available vertebrate models. | High | [
0.677966101694915,
32.5,
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Q: Using Enum for a data layer object's 'status' in C# I have a data object (let's say it's called 'Entry') that has a set of potential states that look something like this: 1 - Created 2 - File added 3 - Approved 4 - Invalid This is represented in the database with a 'Status' table with an autonumber primary key, then a 'StatusId' field in the main table, with the appropriate relationships set up. In my (custom) data layer, I have the 'Entry' object, and, currently, I also declare an Enum with the states listed above specified. Finally I declare a private instance of this Enum along with the appropriate public property. In my 'Commit()' method I cast the instance of the Enum to an integer and pass it to an Update stored procedure. In my static 'GetEntry()' method I will obviously have an integer passed back from the database. I then use the 'Enum.Parse()' method to extract an object which is an instance of my Enum which corresponds to the returned status integer. I cast this to the type of my Enum and assign it to the local private variable. My question is pretty simple - is this approach appropriate, and if not what alternative, other than just storing the raw integer value (which i'm not necessarily averse to), is better. My reason for asking is that this all just seems incredibly messy to me, what with all the casting and maintaining two lists of the same set of values. I accept the benefit lies in a better experience for the consumer of the data object, but even so... Thanks! A: We have something familiar in one of our projects. We have a table containting types of items. These types have an id, in the code we have an enum with the same id's. The thing is, in the database we don't use autonumber (identity) so we have full control of the id. And when saving our object we just take the id of the enum to save the object. I also thought this approach was messy but it's not that bad afterall. | High | [
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/** * */ package org.hamster.weixinmp.dao.entity.item; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Table; import lombok.Data; import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode; import lombok.ToString; import org.hamster.weixinmp.config.WxConfig; import org.hamster.weixinmp.dao.entity.base.WxBaseItemMediaEntity; /** * @author [email protected] * @version Dec 29, 2013 * */ @Entity @Table(name=WxConfig.TABLE_PREFIX + "item_voice") @Data @ToString(callSuper = true) @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true) public class WxItemVoiceEntity extends WxBaseItemMediaEntity { @Column(name = "media_id", length = WxConfig.COL_LEN_INDICATOR, nullable = true) private String mediaId; @Column(name = "format", length = 10, nullable = true) private String format; @Column(name = "recognition", length = WxConfig.COL_LEN_TITLE, nullable = true) private String recognition; } | Mid | [
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Introduction ============ The strains of *Drosophila melanogaster* used in this study have been selected for positive and negative geotaxis since 1958 \[[@B1]\]. Hirsch and his students used recombination and chromosome substitution techniques to map multiple quantitative trait loci for geotaxis on each of the three large chromosomes (X, II, and III) of *D. melanogaster* \[[@B2][@B3]\]. They demonstrated that, in unselected (wild-type) *D. melanogaster*, genes on chromosomes X and II contributed mostly to positive geotaxis, and genes on chromosome III contributed to negative geotaxis \[[@B4]\]. They also reported a gene correlate of negative geotaxis near the Alcohol dehydrogenase gene (*Adh*, 2--50.1), indicating that *Adh* or a gene very near this locus enhances negative geotaxis in the *Hi5* geotaxis strain \[[@B5]\]. A strain not selected for geotaxis, but carrying the mutant spineless-aristapedia allele (*ss^a^*) which transforms the arista into tarsi, exhibits extremely positive geotaxis \[[@B6]\]. Using cDNA microarray and qPCR analyses, Toma and co-workers identified genes with differential mRNA expression in head extracts of Hirsch's *Lo* and *Hi5* geotaxis strains \[[@B7]\]. Mutant alleles of the four genes exhibiting the most consistent mRNA differences between the geotaxis strains were transferred into wild-type (Canton-S) *D. melanogaster* to assay the effect of these alleles on geotaxis. Flies with mutations in three of these four genes, cryptochrome (c*ry^b^*, a strong hypomorph), Pigment-dispersing-factor (*Pdf^01^*, null-mutant) and Pendulin (*Pen^k14401^*, hypomorph) exhibited significantly altered geotaxis scores when compared to wild-type controls (Canton-S). Both *cry* and *Pdf* are well documented as genes that control biological clocks in a variety of organisms. *cry* is involved in phase resetting (entrainment) of the circadian clock by blue light (\<420 nm) phototransduction \[[@B8]\], but has no role in the core oscillator loop, responsible for circadian timing \[[@B9]\]. The mutant allele, *cry^b^*, disrupts normal phase response to shifted light cycles. *Pdf* plays a role in maintaining free-running circadian periods (*tau*) in constant darkness. *Drosophila* with P*df^01^* alleles tend to be arrhythmic or have short periods in constant darkness, and to have advanced activity peaks in light-dark, compared to the tau of flies with wild-type *Pdf* alleles \[[@B10]\]. Mertens and co-workers generated pigment dispersing factor receptor (P*dfr*) mutants in *D. melanogaster* using p-element insertions \[[@B11]\]. These P*dfr* mutants alter peptides that bind the *Pdf* gene product (PDF) to G protein-coupled receptors, which play an essential role in the cell-autonomous oscillator controlling circadian rhythms. Mutant *Pdfr*, inhibits the binding of PDF to its receptor. A mutation in either the *Pdf* or P*dfr* gene affects the function of the clock. The research of Mertens \[[@B11]\] parallels and supports Toma's \[[@B7]\] conclusion that disrupting *Pdf* function increases negative geotaxis. See references \[[@B12][@B13]\] for more genes that affect geotaxis. The hypotheses that the length of the adult, circadian, motor-activity cycles (tau) differ in *D. melanogaster* selected for positive and negative geotaxis response is tested and described below. The data presented and the literature reviewed in this paper demonstrate that strains of *D. melanogaster* selected for divergent geotaxis differ in characteristics of their biological clocks. Methods & Results ================= Results of statistical tests of difference between the sexes for circadian periods (tau), and for geotaxis, were not significant (p\>0.05), so data of the sexes were combined for analysis. All statistical tests are two-tailed. All flies were maintained and tested at 24 +/-- 1 ^o^C. All flies were kept in 12hr light:12hr dark (12L:12D) cycles prior to testing. A brief data set is provided (Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}) to document the *Lo* and *Hi5* strain's geotaxis responses and to orientate readers not already familiar with their behavioural differences. Also included are geotaxis scores for the wild-type Oregon-R (*Ore-R*) strain of *Drosophila melanogaster*, to demonstrate the difference intense geotaxis selection has made in the *Lo* and *Hi5* strains. The original *Ore-R* flies were collected in 1925 by Lancefield in Roseburg, Oregon, USA and have been maintained in the laboratory without selection. *Ore-R* flies have been used in selection experiments \[[@B14]\], but the stock line has not, and remains wild-type. {#F1} Geotaxis Methods ---------------- Flies were assayed for geotaxis in a geo-maze immediately after "lights on" in the 12 hour light:12 hour dark (12L:12D) cycle and maintained in constant light (L:L) until scored 24 hours later. The geo-maze is an enclosed 15 choice T-maze with arms of the T oriented vertically. Each choice proceeds through a stationary, cone-shaped gate that inhibits back-tracking \[[@B15]\]. Chi-square test for independence was used to test for difference between geotaxis scores of *Lo* and *Hi5* flies. Geotaxis Results ---------------- Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} illustrates the geotaxis score distributions of the *Lo, Hi5 and Ore-R* strains. The differences between the three strains in the number of flies in tubes (1 to 8) compared to the number of flies in tubes (9 to 16) were all significantly different from each other. The mean geotaxis scores were, *Lo* (3.45), *Ore-R* (8.08) and *Hi5* (12.07) in the range of 1 to 16 maze end-tubes. Between the three strains there are only two independent comparisons. I tested the data sets combinations (*Lo* vs/ *Ore-R*) and (*Ore-R* /vs *Hi5*). Chi-square tests revealed highly significant differences in these comparisons, *X^2^*~(~*~df~*~=~*~1~*~)~*Lo/Ore-R* = 211.93; p\<\<0.001) and (*X^2^*~(~*~df~*~=~*~1~*~)~*Hi5/Ore-R* = 236.49: p\<\<0.001. From these results, we can infer that the third comparison (*Lo/Hi5*), showing the greatest difference, exhibited a significant *X^2^* result. For comparison, the geotaxis scores Hirsch obtained from his wild-type, parent population (3 April, 1958), before selection of the *Lo* and *Hi5* geo-strains, were (males, *X^2^*= 7.27, N = 383, and female, *X^2^*= 7.23, N = 211) \[Jerry Hirsch, personal communication, 2003\]. Methods for Determining Free-Running Periods of Adult Flies *(Tau)* ------------------------------------------------------------------- Flies were collected as late-stage pupae from stock vials following lights-on of a 12L:12D cycle. A Drosophila Activity Monitoring System (DAMS), obtained from Trikenetics Inc. ([www.trikenetics.com](http://www.trikenetics.com)), was used to record motor activity. Individual activity chambers were 5mm x 65mm glass tubes clipped between infrared emitter-detector pairs. A fly passing the detector at the mid-point of the tube broke the infrared beam and the time of activity was recorded in a computer file. Pupae were placed in the glass test chamber, rather than adults, and emerged as adults 1-3 days later; consequently all eclosing flies were reliably virgin and of known age. Larva of nonvirginal females, moving about in the test chamber would invalidate the female's recorded data. Pupae were harvested by flooding culture vials with water at 25 ^o^C and gently brushing them off the vial sides with a small, soft, artist's paint brush. Pupae were removed from the water on plastic window screen and transferred to absorbent paper towelling where they were gently brushed to separate and dry them. Approximately two cm of the activity-chamber tube was filled with agar-sucrose media and sealed to reduce evaporation by dipping the media-filled end into hot paraffin. After placing a single pupa into the tube, the open end was closed with a glued-on, paper disk, perforated with a needle to facilitate air diffusion. This end is usually plugged with a cotton wad, but in preliminary trials, I found that many newly eclosed flies became stuck in the cotton fibres by viscous body fluid that dried soon after eclosion; The DAMS monitors, with pupae, was placed in constant darkness (D:D) at the first scheduled lights-out of the 12L:12D cycle following their collection. Activity counts were collected in six minute data bins (240 bins or data points/day) and stored in computer files for analysis. Records of the two days following the first activity record, which signalled eclosion of each fly, were discarded and the following ten days (2400 bins, data points) were used to determine each fly's tau. Individual tau lengths and confidence levels were determined by Chi-square Periodogram Analysis \[[@B16][@B17]\]. The tau values ranged from 22 to 26 hours long. Statistical tau determinations with p \>0.01 were considered marginally unreliable and excluded from the data sets used to test for geotaxis strain difference. Chi Square Periodogram confidence levels were not used to test the hypothesis of difference between tau scores of the *Lo* and *Hi5* strains. Chi Square Periodogram confidence levels were used only to validate individual *tau* reliability for inclusion in data sets. One-way ANOVA for unequal sample size was used to test the hypothesis of difference between *Lo* and *Hi5* tau distributions. Results: Free-running Circadian Period of Adult Flies *(tau)* ------------------------------------------------------------- Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} illustrates the difference in *tau* distributions of the *Lo a*nd *Hi5* strains in constant dark conditions. The *Lo* strain exhibited significantly longer tau (X = 24.1 hrs., N = 198) than the *Hi5* strain (X = 23.7 hrs, N = 184), (ANOVA: F~1,380~ = 12.12, P\<0.001). Standard deviations of *Lo* and *Hi5* tau were not significantly different (*Lo* SD = 0.678 and *Hi5* SD = 0.706; F~s~ = 1.042, p\>0.05). {#F2} Discussion ========== Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} contrasts the wild-type (*Ore-R*) geotaxis response to that of flies selected for positive and negative geotropism. The wild-type *Ore-R* flies have little up-down preference in the maze. The difference in free-running, circadian, activity-periods of *Lo* and *Hi5* geotaxis strains (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}), was 24.1 and 23.7 hrs, respectively. Geotaxis and circadian behaviours are tied together in an interesting pleiotropic relationship as documented in this paper and others \[[@B7][@B11]\]. It is remarkable, then, that several investigators have failed to find circadian variation in geotaxis maze scores of wild-type *D. melanogaster* or in strains selected for geotaxis \[[@B7][@B12]\]. The contrast of the *Lo* and *Hi5* geo-flies with wild-type flies gives some understanding of the havoc artificial selection can play with gene pools adapted to natural conditions. Hirsch periodically released subsets of the *Hi5* and *Lo D. melanogaster* lines from selection and observed regression toward wild-type geotaxis in following generations. But, after 21 years and 450 generations of selection, the lines became stable and did not regress when selection was relaxed \[[@B15]\]. This implies that the pressure of artificial selection has rearranged alleles into new adaptive gene complexes which provided new and stable behavioural expressions of geotaxis, adapted to the selection pressure of a geo-maze. This phenomena has been called "homeostatic fitness" \[[@B18][@B19]\]. Genetic homeostasis implies that not only have alleles of the genes affecting geotaxis been differentially selected in Hirsch's *Lo* and *Hi5* lines; but compatible alleles of genes controlling adaptive and related behavioral, anatomical, or physiological traits, would be differentially selected as well. It is mind-boggling to imagine which alleles of which genes might enhance fitness when environmental conditions change; and what selective forces might be involved; but selection sorts it out over many generations. In the case of Hirsch's flies, it took approximately 450 generations of rigorous artificial selection. Wild-type *D. melanogaster* also orient in magnetic fields, but mutant (*cry^b^*), flies do not. The circadian clock of wild-type *D. melanogaster* is slowed (longer *tau*) in constant magnetic fields, in a dose dependent manner, but only in blue light and with a functional *cry* gene. Mutants with a hypomorphic cryptochrome allele (*cry^b^*) do not show this response to magnetic fields, whereas the clocks of mutants that over-express CRY, exhibit a greater than wild-type geotaxis response \[[@B10]\]. Interestingly, *cry*-dependent magnetosensitivity does not require a functioning circadian clock, but it does require a functional *cry* gene \[[@B20]\]. *cry's* functional requirement for blue light (\<420nm) in phase shifting circadian clocks and in altering spatial orientation and taxis in several species relative to gravity, magnetic fields, solar, lunar, and celestial radiation \[[@B21][@B22][@B23]\] makes it the most interesting of the genes currently associated with both biological clocks and geotaxis. Ritz et al. \[[@B21][@B22]\] and Wiltschko et al., \[[@B23]\] present data showing that chickens, European robins, Australian silver eyes, newts and fruit flies use blue light-induced magnetoreception for orientation. These authors also present data to support a photo-induced radical-pair mechanism as the basis of the oriented response. A radical-pair is created by photo-induced electron transfer. The sensitivity of radical-pair reactions depends on the influence of static magnetic fields on spin states of the radical electron pair. For example, exposing chickens to an oscillating magnetic field of 1.566 MHz led to disorientation, suggesting disruption of the radical-pair mechanism. For a description of the radical-pair model see the Introduction of Yoshii et. al. \[[@B9]\]. The literature and the data presented here suggest that genes, physiology and behavioural aspects of geotaxis, circadian clocks, magnetosensitivity and spatial orientation are complex, intriguing and interrelated. Thiessen refers to behavior as a pleiotropic reflection of physiological processes. 'Gene influence on behavior is always indirect' \[[@B24], p.87\]. Data contrasting the roles of genes controlling biological clocks, as well as geotaxis and other orientation phenomena provide a glimpse into the pleiotropic games genes play in shaping behaviors. Competing Interests =================== The author declares that they have no competing interests. | Mid | [
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import React, {Component} from 'react'; import './style-songs-list.less'; import YellowHeader from '../../components/yellow-header/yellow-header'; import { connect } from 'react-redux'; import { getStyleSongsList } from '../../redux/discovery.redux'; import { Link } from 'react-router-dom'; import QueueAnim from 'rc-queue-anim'; import { HOST } from '../../const/host' @connect( state=>state.discovery, { getStyleSongsList } ) class StyleSongsList extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { styleInfo:"" } }; componentDidMount(){ this.setState({ styleInfo:JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem("styleInfo")) },()=>{ this.props.getStyleSongsList(this.state.styleInfo.id); }); } render() { return ( <div id="style-songs-list"> <YellowHeader title={`${this.state.styleInfo.name}`}/> <div className="songs-list-wrapper"> { this.props.styleSongsList? <div className="style-songs-list-wrapper"> <QueueAnim delay={300} type="top"> { this.props.styleSongsList.map(v=>( <div className="list-item" key={v.id}> <Link to={{pathname:`${HOST}/style-songs-list-detail`,state:{id:v.id,name:v.name}}} className="left"> <div className="cover"> <img src={v.cover} alt=""/> </div> <div className="left-right"> <div className="title">{v.name}</div> <div className="num">{v.num} 首歌曲</div> </div> </Link> </div> ) ) } </QueueAnim> </div> : "" } </div> </div> ) } } export default StyleSongsList | Mid | [
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Q: PanelDragDropTarget and ListBoxDragDropTarget: What Exactly Is Dragged? My Silverlight 4 app allows dragging from a ListBoxDragDropTarget to a PanelDragDropTarget. The application has Person objects that are models representing people, and PersonControl user controls that have a Person as their DataContext. For reference the relevant code is: <toolkit:ListBoxDragDropTarget x:Name="dtListBox" Grid.Row="2" AllowedSourceEffects="Copy" AllowDrop="True" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Top" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"> <!-- FilteredMembers is of type ObservableCollection<Person> --> <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding FilteredMembers}" MinWidth="42" MinHeight="42"> <ListBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <my:PersonControl /> </DataTemplate> </ListBox.ItemTemplate> </ListBox> </toolkit:ListBoxDragDropTarget> and <toolkit:PanelDragDropTarget AllowDrop="True" AllowedSourceEffects="Copy,Move" Drop="PanelDragDropTarget_Current_Drop"> <StackPanel> <ctl:PersonControl Margin="3,3,3,3" x:Name="pcCurrent"></ctl:PersonControl> </StackPanel> </toolkit:PanelDragDropTarget> So far, so good. When I drag to the PanelDragDropTarget, I get a Person. However, I also allow dragging from the PanelDragDropTarget to another PanelDragDropTarget. In that case, rather than a Person, the dropped object is a PersonControl. So, the dropped object can be either a Person or a PersonControl depending on where it comes from. I really want to drag and drop Person objects in all cases, rather than moving around PersonControl. How can I modify my PanelDragDropTarget so that dragging pulls the Person rather than the PersonControl? I have reviewed this very similar question: Drag/drop from ListBoxDragDropTarget to PanelDragDropTarget but do not understand how that solves the issue. A: You are exactly right about the difference between the way PanelDragDropTargets and ListBoxDragDropTargets transfer dropped objects. When dragging between 2 ListBoxDragDropTargets you are transferring the piece of data that is bound to the control, whereas dragging between 2 PanelDragDropTargets transfers the UIElement that is "picked up." The best way I have found to get around this is to derive a new class from PanelDragDropTarget that expects a piece of data to be dropped on it instead of a UIElement. The new class stores the data object in the class'/control's DataContext. This allows code that is similar to yours to work. The class: public class ElementDragDropTarget : PanelDragDropTarget { protected override bool CanAddItem(Panel itemsControl, object data) { return true; } protected override void InsertItem(Panel itemsControl, int index, object data) { itemsControl.DataContext = data; } protected override bool CanRemove(Panel itemsControl) { return true; } protected override void RemoveItem(Panel itemsControl, object data) { itemsControl.DataContext = null; } protected override void RemoveItemAtIndex(Panel itemsControl, int index) { itemsControl.DataContext = null; } protected override object ItemFromContainer(Panel itemsControl, UIElement itemContainer) { return itemsControl.DataContext; } } Edits to your code: <local:ElementDragDropTarget AllowDrop="True" AllowedSourceEffects="Copy,Move" Drop="PanelDragDropTarget_Current_Drop"> <Grid> <ctl:PersonControl Margin="3,3,3,3" x:Name="pcCurrent"></ctl:PersonControl> </Grid> </local:ElementDragDropTarget > I realize this solution only allows one item to be dragged into the ElementDragDropTarget. I assume that is what you want to do because if you wanted to drop multiple data objects into it you should probably just use another ListBoxDragDropTarget (especially since you're just using a StackPanel). | Mid | [
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US man gets 20-yr prison for IS-linked attack plot OHIO : A southwest Ohio man who admitted to having plotted to execute a US military base employee and then attack a local police station in support of Islamic State was sentenced on Wednesday to 20 years in prison, the US Department of Justice said. Munir Abdulkader, 22, from the Cincinnati suburb of West Chester, had pleaded guilty on March 24 to attempted murder of a government employee, attempted material support of a foreign terrorist organization and illegal firearm possession. US District Judge Michael Barrett in Cincinnati imposed the prison term, and ordered that Abdulkader remain under supervision for life. Prosecutors had sought a 25-year prison term. A federal public defender representing Abdulkader did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Abdulkader, who became a US citizen in 2006 and had been a student at Xavier University, had begun by July 2014 expressing support for the Islamic State on Twitter, including a desire for martyrdom, according to prosecutors. The defendant also communicated electronically with Junaid Hussain, an Islamic State member who encouraged him to conduct a violent attack in the United States, prosecutors said. Hussain was a British hacker who US and European officials had regarded as a top computer expert for Islamic State in Syria and a supporter of “lone wolf” attacks, before he was killed in an August 2015 US drone strike. Prosecutors said Abdulkader planned to murder the military official at home, videotape the killing so it could be used in Islamic State propaganda, and then use firearms and Molotov cocktails to attack a police station in the Cincinnati area. Abdulkader was arrested on May 21, 2015, the same day he acquired an AK-47 assault rifle, court papers show. The case is US v. Abdulkader, US District Court, Southern District of Ohio, No. 16-cr-00019. | Mid | [
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StartChar: uni06B4.init_AboveHaa Encoding: 68525 -1 3273 Width: 673 Flags: HW AnchorPoint: "TashkilAbove" -73 1006 basechar 0 AnchorPoint: "TashkilBelow" 460 -127 basechar 0 LayerCount: 3 Fore Refer: 193 -1 N 1 0 0 1 -15 734 2 Refer: 221 -1 N 1 0 0 1 355 802 2 Refer: 231 -1 N 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 EndChar | Low | [
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For Complex News, I'm Hanuman Welch The prosecutor of Colmar in France’s Alsace region has confirmed that Anthony Bourdain hanged himself in the bathroom of his hotel room in France. According to the Associated Press, prosecutor Christian de Rocquigny said that on Friday, the famous chef, writer, and host of CNN’s Parts Unknown, took the belt from his hotel bathrobe to commit suicide. Rocquigny said that, “there is no element that makes us suspect that someone came into the room at any moment.” He also revealed that a medical expert confirmed that there were no signs of violence. The prosecutor confirmed that toxicology tests were being conducted, including urine tests, to determine if 61-year-old Bourdain was on any medication, in part to help his family find closure. Many celebrities, chefs, and friends have since mourned his death. CNN shared in a statement on Friday that Bourdain died by suicide while working on a new episode of the Peabody-winning series in France. “[Bourdain's] love of great adventure, new friends, fine food and drink, and the remarkable stories of the world made him a unique storyteller. His talents never ceased to amaze us and we will miss him very much.” -CNN Following Bourdain’s breakthrough in 1999 with the revered New Yorker article Don't Eat Before Reading This, he landed his Travel Channel show No Reservations in 2005, and then later left to join CNN and launch his brilliantly narrated Parts Unknown in 2013. Rest in peace, Tony. That's all for now, for everything else subscribe to Complex on Youtube, for Complex News, I'm Hanuman Welch | Mid | [
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Borussia Dortmund hat seinen lange gesuchten Außenverteidiger offenbar gefunden. Von Real Madrid soll Achraf Hakimi (19) zu den Westfalen wechseln. Auf den marokkanischen WM-Teilnehmer hatten sich auch der SSC Neapel und Betis Sevilla Hoffnungen gemacht. Nach kicker-Informationen soll Achraf ausgeliehen werden. In Madrid läuft sein Vertrag noch bis 2021. Der bei Real ausgebildete Abwehrspieler verteidigt im Klub auf der rechten Seite, in der Nationalmannschaft, für die er bislang 13-mal auflief, auf der linken. In Dortmund könnte er vor allem Lukasz Piszczek entlasten, der nach zwei Hüftoperationen keine 40, 50 Pflichtspiele pro Runde mehr bestreiten kann. Achraf wurde von Ex-Trainer Zinedine Zidane 17-mal in der vergangenen Saison eingesetzt. Mehr Wettkampfpraxis erhofft er sich in Dortmund. Achraf folgt damit dem Beispiel von Abwehrkollege Daniel Carvajal, der seine Karriere in Leverkusen (2012 bis 2013) auf Touren brachte. BVB-Sportdirektor Michael Zorc mochte den Transfer am Mittwochmittag noch nicht offiziell bestätigen, sagte aber: "Von der grundsätzlichen Überlegung her könnte das Sinn machen." Profitieren würde Dortmund bei dieser Verpflichtung von den glänzenden Kontakten Hans-Joachim Watzkes nach Madrid: Er ist mit Real-Boss Florentino Perez eng befreundet. Bei der WM stand Achraf in allen drei Partien über die volle Distanz für Marokko auf dem Platz (kicker-Notenschnitt 3,67). Trotz guter Leistungen schieden die Nordafrikaner in der Vorrunde aus. Ihre Abwehr stärkten die Dortmunder bereits am Dienstag mit der Verpflichtung von Abdou Diallo, der für 28 Millionen Euro vom Ligarivalen 1. FSV Mainz 05 kommt. | High | [
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FEATURED PRODUCTS SHOP NOW JOIN THE BMC UPGRADE YOUR CLUB MEMBERSHIP READ SUMMIT ONLINE Hard technical ascents in the Cordillera Huayhuash Southeast face of Trapecio showing the line of the Japanese ascent. Supplied by Hiroshi Hagiwara View 1 of 3 Legendary Japanese mountaineer Yasushi Yamanoi, with Masaru Noda, has climbed two technically demanding routes in Peru's Cordillera Huayhuash, a first and second ascent. After acclimatizing in the Cordillera Blanca with an ascent of the southwest face of Piramide de Garcilaso (5,885m), the pair travelled quickly by local buses to the village of Cajatambo at the southern end of the Huayhuash. From there they walked up the east side to the unclimbed southeast face of Puscanturpa Este (5,410m). The Puscanturpa group is different in character from the rest of the Huayhuash peaks, in that it is composed of vertically collimated volcanic rock called lithic tuff. Yamanoi had visualized the line for three years, through the lower rock wall and up steep snow and mixed ground above. The two climbed the 800m face with one bivouac, reaching the summit mid morning of the second day. A crack system led through the lower wall of excellent rock, above which unstable sugar snow and friable rock gave the pair a hard time. The route was named Qiumplirgun Swerminganta and graded ED3, UIAA VII, M5+ and A1. This was most likely only the fourth ascent of Puscanturpa East, which was first climbed in 1986 via the 450m northwest ridge by three members of John Nixon's British expedition. The ridge had previously been attempted by Germans. Two other members attempted the far more imposing east face. Faced with very loose rock and a probable hanging bivouac, they retreated. The mountain seemingly lay unvisited for the next 20 years, then in 2007 the strong Slovenian team of Pavle Kozjek and Grega Kresel took up the challenge of the east face. They found clean cracks, excellent friction but sections spiced with large loose blocks They climbed 10 pitches (VII+ and 70°) to the summit ridge and scrambled along this to the highest point, naming their 600m line Stonehenge. In 2012 Dutch climbers Vincent van Beek, Bas van der Smeede and Bas Visscher, followed two days later by Elly van der Plas and Saskia van der Smeede, climbed one pitch up Stonehenge and then made a rising traverse across the unclimbed north face to the summit, naming their line Poco Loco (ca 600m, TD, VI+). After their ascent, Noda and Yamanoi moved to the 700m southeast face of Trapecio (5,663m), which sports three prominent couloirs. The left had been climbed twice to a junction with the Italian route high on the south ridge; in 1986 by Jim Donini and Jack Tackle, and then again in 1997 by four French, who thought the route unclimbed and named it Rouflaquette Nationale (650m, TD+, WI5+). This line has not been completed to the summit. The central line was famously soloed by Jeff Lowe in 1985, ice smears through the top rock barrier providing three demanding pitches, the crux WI6+. Lowe reported the ice to be the most difficult and insecure he had ever soloed. Suitably shattered and psychologically drained, he did not continue up the remaining 150m of what appeared to be straightforward ground to the summit, but instead rappelled. In 2003 two Peruvians climbed to Lowe's high point but also retreated and it was left to Slovenians Branko Ivanek, Pavle Kozjek and Miha Lamprecht, together with Peruvian resident Aritza Monasterio, to complete the job. The face was dry and these four had to use aid to get through the lower rock band. The rotten ice on Lowe's crux proved impossible, so they traversed 30m right and climbed an overhanging chimney at F5. Other than that they found pitches of A2, M5 and WI5/6, giving the route and overall grade of ED3. Thinking the right-hand couloir still virgin, the Japanese climbed it in a 14-hour push, then descended the much easier north side with one bivouac. Whilst the lower section was 50-70°, the crux was steep ice and loose mixed terrain at the top of the face. They named the route Magic Bell (700m, ED3, AI6 and M5). However, they were unaware of what appears to be a remarkable ascent in 2006, when Spanish climbers José Manuel Fernandez and Miguel Angel Pita climbed this line to the summit snow slopes at V/4+. The last pitch was an 85° icefall. For whatever reason they decided to descend their line without visiting the summit, and on the fourth rappel a snow stake pulled and Fernandez fell to his death, taking the ropes with him. With no way down, Pita sat on a small icy ledge for 12 hours and then climbed unroped back up the route to the summit, subsequently descending the northwest ridge. The route was named Los Viejos Roqueros Nunca Mueren (Old Rockclimbers never die). The two Japanese ascents are all the more impressive for the fact that in 2002 Yamanoi, one of Japan's greatest mountaineers, lost a total of five fingers on both hands and all of the toes on his right foot as a result of bad weather during a bold alpine-style ascent and descent of the Slovenian Route on the north face of the Tibetan 7,952m Gyachung Kang. Thanks to Sevi Bohorquez, Hiro Hagiwara and Erik Rieger for help with this report. TAGS RELATED ARTICLES In 2014 the BMC International Committee awarded a total of £14,250 to 16 expeditions, and an additional three awards from the Julie Tullis Memorial fund. Supported trips visited South America, Greenland and various regions in Asia, with mixed success. Read more » Cambridge University research student Evan Miles, with Ibai Rico from Spain, has recently climbed a previously virgin line on an unnamed peak in the Langtang Himal of Nepal, the pair stopped from reaching the summit by 80-100m of loose rock. Read more » Despite the political upheaval in their country, Ukrainian mountaineers have been active in the Himalaya this autumn, making the first ascent of the central spur on the northwest face of Langshisa Ri, in the Jugal Himal of Nepal. Read more » Hello. I´m Miguel Pita, from Spain. Thank you for this information about our route in the Trapecio... It´s a right information about what happen seven years ago. If you want to know something more about it: www.viejosroqueros.blogspot.com. I´ve wrote a book telling this story: Sin red. There is a link in the blog.... Thank you and goog bye. RELATED ARTICLES In 2014 the BMC International Committee awarded a total of £14,250 to 16 expeditions, and an additional three awards from the Julie Tullis Memorial fund. Supported trips visited South America, Greenland and various regions in Asia, with mixed success. Read more » Cambridge University research student Evan Miles, with Ibai Rico from Spain, has recently climbed a previously virgin line on an unnamed peak in the Langtang Himal of Nepal, the pair stopped from reaching the summit by 80-100m of loose rock. Read more » Despite the political upheaval in their country, Ukrainian mountaineers have been active in the Himalaya this autumn, making the first ascent of the central spur on the northwest face of Langshisa Ri, in the Jugal Himal of Nepal. Read more » PRESS SKILLS WALLS YOUTH & EQUITY The British Mountaineering Council (BMC) is the representative body that exists to protect the freedoms and promote the interests of climbers, hill walkers and mountaineers, including ski-mountaineers. The BMC recognises that climbing, hill walking and mountaineering are activities with a danger of personal injury or death. Participants in these activities should be aware of and accept these risks and be responsible for their own actions. | Mid | [
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MICRONAUTS MONDAY: 28 - LAST STAND IN FANTASYWORLD I want you to look at the cover to this issue of the Micronauts and come to realize something: This is all I ever wanted from this book. All I've ever wanted from this book has been for mysterious, tortured armored warrior-king Acroyear to engage in a knock-down, drag-out, laser-happy deathmatch with grimly regal conqueror king/centaur Baron Karza. This is it. I'm content. I was reading this issue on the couch next to my wife, and I was making such a racket of unprompted "Whoa"s and "Holy shit"s that I ended up having to explain everything that was going on in this issue. And I sounded like an insane person. But, this is a pivotal issue and the biggest battle since the conclusion to the first story arc. Everything happens here that didn't happen the first time around, and I honestly wouldn't have thought that so much didn't happen the first time around. This issue goes to eleven. Micronauts is the best. I love this book. It's the best thing Marvel ever produced, don't @ me. Here we go, let's see if you have the same tolerance for exciting inanities as my wife has, and then you can all be my new spouses: Karza maintains command over an enormous branch of would-be world-conquering Nazi spin-offs HYDRA, as well as fleets of exceptionally powerful ships and arms from the Microverse. From a hidden base under a thinly-disguised simulacrum of Disneyland (or -World, the latter being more likely for its Florida location), Karza launches his attack on Earth, planning on using our world's weapons to dominate Homeworld and the Microverse on his return. Defying him are the forces of sci-fi espionage agency SHIELD, led by Nick Fury and one of comicdom's most fun characters, Dum Dum Dugan. A passel of surviving Micronauts assists him aboard their ship, The Endeavor, minus some important personnel: Biotron, Arcturus Rann's factotum and telepathic partner, is presumed destroyed, while Princess Marionette is also believed to have been killed by Karza, but actually has been in the Microverse, rallying allies. HYDRA has successfully knocked out communications between SHIELD forces on the ground and their reinforcements back at homebase. In fact, they're not just locked out of communications -- Karza's Dog Soldiers blow the holy hell out of them, locking off Fury's much-needed backup (The Avengers are also called but respond to the garbled communication with surprising incuriosity. At least they don't get blown up). The skeleton crew of the Endeavor - Insctivorid thief Bug, Spartak prince Acroyear and his mate Cilicia, the surviving (and grieving) roboid dogsbody Microtron, and mysterious (and alleged) Spartak soldier Dagon. who is clearly hiding something behind his faceless armor -- fight the good fight in Fantasyworld. Meanwhile, Homeworld regent Marionette, along with former rebel leader Slug and chief of the Aegyptan desert raiders Prince Pharoid, assault the Body Banks which were once the source of Karza's power and influence, where his faithful soldiers and terrifying, faceless priests of death stage a violent vigil, awaiting their Lord's return. I am on page 9, at this point. Arcturus Rann, thousand year-old explorer of the Microverse, is trapped alongside his other-dimensional self, the Time Traveler, hooked up to a strange, seemingly organic mechanism which drains them of the powerful but unknowable energies of The Enigma Force. Karza's forces overwhelm the heroes and Karza stands prepared for triumph. And then ... then Acroyear happens. It's no secret that Micronauts borrows a lot of influence from Jack Kirby's Fourth World saga, an epic which is -- in part -- built around the inevitable final conflict between scion of Apokalips Darkseid and his biological son Orion, of the New Gods. The thing about that final battle, though, is that there are other characters whose connection to Darkseid requires some sort of decisive, thematically narrative resolution: His adopted son Scott Free, his brother and opposite number Highfather, the philosopher rebel Himon and, lastly, Superman. And the question is ... who does what in the final battle? What role do these characters play in what will undoubtedly be a contest which comes down to Orion and Darkseid? Well, that's the same question here. There is not a character among the Micronauts who doesn't have just cause to hate Karza, even though the battle will always come down to Karza versus Rann. And who, among the Micronauts, should be the one to set Karza up for the final hit -- who loosens the lid on the pickle jar for Rann? How about the noble, armor-clad super-king of an alien warrior people, trained as he is in the glory and fortune of war, itching for a fight, carrying a big ol' sword and shootin' laser beams out of his clavicle? Who's the purple-skinned Spartak who's a sex machine to everyone from front to back? Acroyear. You're damn right. I am a massive fan of Acroyear, I've come out of this recap series just wanting every comic to be about Acroyear. He is my waifu. Or I'm his. Either way, I love my boy A'yo. This issue was made for me. While A'yo battles Karza, Mari returns with reinforcements from Homeworld. This is good timing. Spurned and humiliated Shaitan -- Acroyear's albino, usurper brother -- avenges himself on the abuses of his master Karza by shutting down the Force Wall portal which allowed his armies to pass through. Ships still within the corridor are lost forever in the space between universes. As Acroyear and Karza battle -- represented increasingly in that cool red-ink thing that early '80s comics used to do -- the other heroes come to the grim realization that, as Karza has tapped into the Enigma Force, every blow struck against Karza injures the still-held-hostage Arcturus Rann equally. Acroyear must kill Karza, but it will also mean the death of Rann -- and more. Shaitan, proving to himself the right he has to command the throne of Spartak, takes advantage of his bloodline's connection to the Worldmind, the spark of life which makes their harsh homeworld capable of supporting the Acroyear race. Woith that power added to Acroyear's own, it's not only Rann's life on the line -- the entire population of Spartak, as well as the planet itself, may not survive the battle. HOLY SHIT THIS IS GOOD. How ... dignified. While the battle rages, Bug takes out some of his frustration and resentment on the empress of his people's race, Queen Esmera of the Insectivorids. Accusing her of willful inactivity in the face of Karza's initial wave of conquest, Bug is really ladling it out on a character we only met last issue. I hope no one got attached, because she's not long for the world. Shamed by Bug's words, Esmera unveils her deadly royal legacy -- the Suicide Sting, a menacing-looking stinger on her weird ol' tail-butt -- and, in the midst the battle -- jams it right into Karza's back! The distraction is just enough for A'yo to harness the wild power of the Worldmind and strike -- destroying Karza and freeing his host body, prince regent of Homeworld and former rebel leader Prince Argon. Yayy. Karza's malevolent essence is scattered to the winds. His forces are lost or destroyed, HYDRA has been routed, and both Earth and the Microverse are free again from his tyranny. However. Rann is a braindead vegetable, beaten physically and mentally by Karza's torture and his sympathetic injuries during the battle. The Spartak homeworld may be destroyed, or left without life, after the Worldmind's power had been spent. Whither the Enigma Force? And what of Biotron, still dead as of this issue? I dunno. I'm reading this one issue at a time. This issue was great. I'm exhausted. I hope the next one involves a poetry reading or something, because otherwise I'm gonna need pills for hypertension... I know I just did it, but I call a moratorium on discussing Japanese anything under the heading of "Turning Japanese." It was alr... What is Gone & Forgotten Gone & Forgotten is a blog dedicated to the bottom of the comic book barrel; the Secret Wars IIs, the Kitty Pryde and Wolverines, the Green Teams and John Targitts and the one time Krypto swore like a drunken sailor on shore leave. This blog has been around in some form or the other since 1997 or so, meaning you owe it, like, ten birthday gifts. Some father you are. It's written by Your Humble Editor, who is actually a blowhard of some note. Tormented by burning questions? Have a topic you'd like to suggest for Gone&Forgotten? Need some reassuring words of kindness before drifting off to sleep at night? Why not drop a line to Your Humble Editor? He sees all, reads all, responds rarely. Have a question not related to Gone&Forgotten?Your Humble Editor is the masked identity of Washington-based cartoonist and two-fisted king of the hoboes "Calamity" Jon Morris. Feel free to drop him a line: | Mid | [
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Q: How to do seeding in EF Core 2.1 In my normal .NET framework, I used the following code in Configuration.cs: protected override void Seed(Athlosify.Models.AthlosifyContext context) { var golfCourses = new List<GolfCourse> { new GolfCourse { Name = "Bonnie Doon Golf Club", Description = "N/A", Address = "38 Banks Ave", Suburb = "Pagewood", State="NSW", Postcode = "2035", Country = "Australia", Latitude=-33.935189, Longitude=151.222372 }, new GolfCourse { Name = "Beverly Park Golf Club", Description = "N/A", Address = "87 Jubilee Avenue", Suburb = "Beverly Park", State="NSW", Postcode = "2217", Country = "Australia", Latitude=-33.975506, Longitude=151.131691 } }; golfCourses.ForEach(s => context.GolfCourses.AddOrUpdate(p => p.GolfCourseID, s)); context.SaveChanges(); var golfRoundCategories = new List<GolfRoundCategory> { new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Stroke", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Stableford", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Ambrose", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Foresome", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Practice - 2 Ball Best Balls", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Practice - 2 Ball Worst Balls", Description = "N/A" }, }; golfRoundCategories.ForEach(s => context.GolfRoundCategories.AddOrUpdate(p => p.GolfRoundCategoryID, s)); context.SaveChanges(); var golfRounds = new List<GolfRound> { new GolfRound { Name = "Bonnie Doon GC Practice", Notes = "N/A", UserID = Guid.Parse("7dd950ad-d7b0-448a-b689-db3947e31bec"), GolfCourseID = golfCourses.Single(c => c.Name == "Bonnie Doon Golf Club" ).GolfCourseID, DailyHandicap = 21, GolfRoundCategoryID = golfRoundCategories.Single(c => c.Name == "Practice - 2 Ball Best Balls" ).GolfRoundCategoryID, TeeOffUTC = DateTime.Parse("2018-07-22 15:00") }, }; golfRounds.ForEach(s => context.GolfRounds.AddOrUpdate(p => p.GolfRoundID, s)); context.SaveChanges(); Trying to do seeding in .Net Core 2.1 plus how to get this value then: GolfCourseID = golfCourse.Single(c => c.Name == "Bonnie Doon Golf Club").GolfCourseID and GolfRoundCategoryID = golfRoundCategories.Single(c => c.Name == "Practice - 2 Ball Best Balls").GolfRoundCategoryID ?!!?! public static void Seed(this ModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Entity<GolfCourse>().HasData( new GolfCourse { Name = "Bonnie Doon Golf Club", Description = "N/A", Address = "38 Banks Ave", Suburb = "Pagewood", State = "NSW", Postcode = "2035", Country = "Australia", Latitude = -33.935189, Longitude = 151.222372 }, new GolfCourse { Name = "Beverly Park Golf Club", Description = "N/A", Address = "87 Jubilee Avenue", Suburb = "Beverly Park", State = "NSW", Postcode = "2217", Country = "Australia", Latitude = -33.975506, Longitude = 151.131691 } ); modelBuilder.Entity<GolfRoundCategory>().HasData( new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Stroke", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Stableford", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Ambrose", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Competition - Foresome", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Practice - 2 Ball Best Balls", Description = "N/A" }, new GolfRoundCategory { Name = "Practice - 2 Ball Worst Balls", Description = "N/A" } ); modelBuilder.Entity<GolfRound>().HasData( new GolfRound { Name = "Bonnie Doon GC Practice", Notes = "N/A", UserID = Guid.Parse("7dd950ad-d7b0-448a-b689-db3947e31bec"), GolfCourseID = golfCourse.Single(c => c.Name == "Bonnie Doon Golf Club").GolfCourseID, DailyHandicap = 21, GolfRoundCategoryID = golfRoundCategories.Single(c => c.Name == "Practice - 2 Ball Best Balls").GolfRoundCategoryID, TeeOffUTC = DateTime.Parse("2018-07-22 15:00") }, ); } A: In EF Core seed data is an integral part of migrations. Just like changes of DB schema changes, changes of seed data are detected and embedded in migrations. That being so, there's no DbContext around which would make possible to run queries or to retrieve IDs auto-generated by the DB engine. You need to set explicit ID values for your auto-generated key columns to be able to reference those entities: var golfCourse1 = new GolfCourse { GolfCourseID = 1, Name = "Bonnie Doon Golf Club", Description = "N/A", Address = "38 Banks Ave", Suburb = "Pagewood", State = "NSW", Postcode = "2035", Country = "Australia", Latitude = -33.935189, Longitude = 151.222372 }; modelBuilder.Entity<GolfCourse>().HasData( golfCourse1, // ... ); var golfRoundCategory5 = new GolfRoundCategory { GolfRoundCategoryID = 5, Name = "Practice - 2 Ball Best Balls", Description = "N/A" }; modelBuilder.Entity<GolfRoundCategory>().HasData( // ... golfRoundCategory5, // ... ); modelBuilder.Entity<GolfRound>().HasData( new GolfRound { Name = "Bonnie Doon GC Practice", Notes = "N/A", UserID = Guid.Parse("7dd950ad-d7b0-448a-b689-db3947e31bec"), GolfCourseID = golfCourse1.GolfCourseID, DailyHandicap = 21, GolfRoundCategoryID = golfRoundCategory5.GolfRoundCategoryID, TeeOffUTC = DateTime.Parse("2018-07-22 15:00") }, ); | Mid | [
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Q: Flask SQL Alchemy with declarative ORM extension I am using sqlalchemy ORM with declarative extensions in a Flask project for a web API. The Flask documentation shows how to execute query properly inside an endpoint here Now this is all good, but what if i want to execute a group by query. For example given the user domain object in the flask documentation: class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(50), unique=True) email = Column(String(120), unique=True) I want to retrieve the sum of ids for all the users with the same name (doesn't make sense, take it as toy example for sake of simplicity!). In pure SQL i could do it easily with: select name, sum(id) from user group by name However inside an endpoint the reccomanded way to execute a query (again see here) is to start from a ref to the domain object User, for instance: User.query.filter(User.name == 'admin').first() To execute a group-by query I would rather use something like this (which indeed works!): #see database module http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.12/patterns/sqlalchemy/#declarative) from database import db_session @app.route('/') def index(): db_session.query(func.sum(User.id).label('num_id'), User.name).group_by(User.name).all() In this case the query starts from db_session. Is this correct and safe? Remeamber we are in a concurrent application inside Flask. Any help? A: It's fine. But I usually use .with_entities(*entities) for such cases: User.query.filter(filters).with_entities(User.name.label('name'), func.count(User.id).label('count')).group_by(User.name) | High | [
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French Interior Minister Claude Gueant, who also holds the immigration portfolio, caused political uproar by claiming that not all civilisations are equal, with some more advanced than others. "Contrary to what the left's relativist ideology says, for us all civilisations are not of equal value," Gueant on Saturday told a conference in the French parliament building, but closed to the media. "Those which defend humanity seem to us to be more advanced than those that do not," he argued in his speech at a meeting organised by a right-wing students group. - AFP Why would all civilizations be equal? They evolved separately. What is this universal standard we might speak of, whether equality or a superiority? Adaptations vary. And why is this so demonized? | Low | [
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With the slow march of the stars to the west each evening and each season, the starry patterns form a celestial calendar. In the northern hemisphere, winter begins on December 21 at 4:44 a.m. CST. At this time the sun’s celestial coordinates are 18 hours of right ascension and -23.5 degrees declination. The sun passes overhead at Tropic of Capricorn, 23.5 degrees south of the equator. On ancient star maps, the sun appeared in front of the stars of Capricornus. Over time the earth has pivoted from the sun’s and moon’s gravitational forces so that the astronomical solstice point appears in front of Sagittarius. See more about this below. The group of stars that signal the beginning of winter is the informal group known as the Winter Triangle that are made of Sirius, Procyon and Sirius. This giant sidereal shape appears complete in the southeastern sky by 9:30 p.m. CST in late December. Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, is distinctly blue-white through binoculars. It may twinkle vividly when viewed near the horizon on a clear, cold night from heat rising from your terrestrial surroundings. Procyon — known as “Before the Dog” because it rises a little before Sirius, the Dog Star — appears farther north along the eastern horizon. Procyon is not as blue as Sirius. The third corner of the triangle is Betelgeuse, the reddish star at the shoulder or armpit of Orion. Its colors are distinct through binoculars and a small telescope as well. The change of seasons brings us a procession of new celestial signs. The Winter Triangle and other bright stars in the eastern sky tell us that Winter is here. The constellations are represented by multiple definitions. The familiar stick figures made by connecting the stars is the most common fashion. Another way is to divide the sky into patches like those on a quilt, although each is not equal in size. The chart above shows the sun at solstice noon. (The green line represents the sun’s apparent annual path on the sky that is caused by the earth’s revolution. The moon and planets appear to move closely to that line, not on it but within a few degrees. The red line at the top is the celestial equator; it is directly above our planet’s equator in the sky. The vertical white line is the meridian, an imaginary line that starts at the southern horizon, goes through the overhead – zenith — generally through the North Star — and to the northern horizon.) The meridian divides the rising stars from the setting stars. It marks the highest point a celestial object can reach during that day. For the sun, it is noon. When the sun is east of the meridian, that’s morning; we use the letters “a.m.” (ante meridiem)to designate that the sun is before the meridian. When it is west of the meridian, that’s afternoon and we use the letters “p.m.” (post meridiem) to designate that the sun has past the meridian. For me in that moment of time when the sun is south, it is neither 12 a.m. nor 12 p.m. It is Noon. So next time you meet somebody for lunch, great them with a “Good Noon!” Earlier this year the Internet’s heart fluttered when a NASA expert stated there were 13 “signs” (for example see) in the zodiac. This is not news. The zodiac is the constellations that form the background for the real and apparent movement of the sun, moon and planets. Notice on the chart above that the ecliptic, the plane of our solar system, goes through Ophiuchus, the Snake Handler, which may have been a predecessor to the modern physician. The time that the sun spends in front of the stars of Ophiuchus is longer than the time in Scorpius. This is the constellation that made the Internet’s heart skip a beat. And there are occasions when the moon moves through part of Orion. So there are 14 constellations that form the zodiac. It’s not news, though. Have a happy holiday season. For me, it’s Christmas, so I wish you “A Merry Christmas” and a “Joyous New Year.” For my readers south of the equator, it’s summer. Have a great time at the beach! | Mid | [
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327 F.2d 497 TECHNOGRAPH PRINTED CIRCUITS, LTD., and Technograph Printed Electronics, Incorporated, Appellants,v.BENDIX CORPORATION, Appellee. No. 9085. United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit. Argued November 4, 1963. Decided January 17, 1964. Walter J. Blenko, Pittsburgh, Pa. (John W. Avirett, II, Baltimore, Md., Walter J. Blenko, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa., M. Victor Leventritt, New York City, Piper & Marbury, Baltimore, Md., and Blenko, Hoopes, Leonard & Buell, Pittsburgh, Pa., on brief), for appellants. Harold J. Birch and Edward S. Irons, Washington, D. C. (Benjamin C. Howard, Baltimore, Md., William W. Beckett, Hyattsville, Md., Edward F. McKie, Jr., Washington, D. C., Miles & Stockbridge, Baltimore, Md., and Irons, Birch, Swindler & McKie, Washington, D. C., on brief), for appellee. Before HAYNSWORTH, BOREMAN and BRYAN, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM. 1 After careful consideration of the record, the arguments and the briefs of counsel, we are persuaded that the patent claims are invalid for obviousness in the light of the prior art for the reasons fully discussed in the opinion of the District Court. Technograph Printed Circuits, Ltd. v. Bendix Aviation Corp., D.C. Md., 218 F.Supp. 1. 2 Affirmed. | Mid | [
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Image caption The mosquito is responsible for carrying the malaria parasite from human to human Efforts to eradicate malaria in some countries may be counter-productive, an international team of researchers suggest. In the Lancet, they suggest some countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, may be better pursuing a policy of controlling the disease. They also criticise the World Health Organization (WHO) for not providing adequate direction. But a WHO spokesman said beating malaria must remain the ultimate goal. 'Noble' goal The Lancet looks at the feasibility of eradicating malaria from the map, in the same way smallpox was conquered. As the report points out, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation set the world such a target in 2007, an aim which was then endorsed by the WHO's Director-General Margaret Chan. The Lancet concludes such a goal, while noble, "could lead to dangerous swings in funding and political commitment, in malaria and elsewhere". And the WHO is accused of failing "to rise to their responsibilities to give the malaria community essential direction". Malaria facts Largely preventable and curable In 2008 caused a million deaths - mostly African children About 2,000 return to the UK with malaria every year Only 12% of these become seriously ill Symptoms can take up to a year to appear Q&A: Malaria The series of articles instead urges a pragmatic approach in which efforts and resources are concentrated on shrinking the global area where malaria still prevails. It suggests some countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, may be better pursuing a policy of controlling the disease rather than one of eradication. The report's authors include Professor Richard Feacham of University of California's Global Health Group and researchers from the Clinton Health Access Initiative. Saving lives In an editorial accompanying the series, the Lancet's editor-in-chief Dr Richard Horton and executive editor Dr Pamela Das, argue control may save more lives. "If existing control efforts were indeed scaled up, by 2015, 1.14 million children's lives could be saved in sub-Saharan Africa alone. This finding is important. The quest for elimination must not distract existing good malaria control work," they write. They also conclude that "malaria will only be truly eradicable when an effective vaccine is fully available". Premature efforts at elimination, before countries are ready, will be counterproductive Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation spokeswoman Responding to the report in a statement, Robert Newman, director of the WHO's Global Malaria Programme, said the ultimate goal had to be eradication "WHO has always supported - and will always continue to support - endemic countries in their efforts to control and eliminate malaria," he writes. "It is entirely feasible to eliminate malaria from countries and regions where the intensity of transmission is low to moderate, and where health systems are strong. "Eliminating malaria from countries where the intensity of transmission is high and stable, such as in tropical Africa, will require more potent tools and stronger health systems than are available today." Shrinking map Malaria is caused by five species of a parasite that can be carried from human to human by mosquitoes. Over the last 150 years, the portion of the world where malaria is still endemic has shrunk, but the disease is still endemic in 99 countries. However 32 of these countries, most of them on the edges of the endemic zone, are attempting to eradicate the disease, while the rest are trying to reduce infections and deaths though control measures. But switching from a policy of controlling the disease to one of eradication brings with it problems and risks, according to the report. The authors point out that malaria and mosquitoes do not respect national borders and that both parasite and insect may develop resistance to existing drugs. They also warn switching funds from control to eradication may negatively impact upon measures which have been shown to reduce infection and mortality. A spokeswoman for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation said: "Malaria eradication is a long-term goal. "We believe that the WHO will play an important role in helping countries decide when they are ready to undertake elimination and what conditions and capabilities need to be in place for them to do so. "High-level, sustained control will be essential before elimination can be attempted, and premature efforts at elimination, before countries are ready, will be counterproductive." | Mid | [
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I was in the batting cage at the time. The first shot was unusual. Then there was a rapid succession - five or ten. I'm outside the perimeter. In the field I see Representative Scalise is shot, but moving. He's trying to drag himself away. There are staffers; they are laying down, but they are having to make a difficult decision as the shots are landing around them. I am on the outside of the fence, hiding by a tree. You're not sure where the shots are coming from. It seemed like the third baseline but you don't know. The people on the field unfortunately didn't have much of a chance. Nobody could get to them and they couldn't get to us. At one point, I think the gunman continued to reload. I think I heard 50 to 60 shots. The police did a great job and thank God they were there. By Scalise being there, that probably saved all our lives as if there wasn't a leader then there wouldn't have been all the security. | Low | [
0.483122362869198,
28.625,
30.625
] |
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