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Q: Why do some spells have a duration of 1 year, and others have a duration of a year and a day? The spell Geas, in a level 8 slot, has a duration of one year. The spell Mass Suggestion, in a level 9 slot, has a duration of a year and a day. I'm already familiar with the historical roots of the "year and a day" timeframe, but I'm curious about why some spells have that duration and others just have a 1 year duration. Is there any statement from the designers about why this discrepancy exists? Speculation is not an acceptable answer. A: Legacy from previous editions and roots on fairy tales A Year and a Day is a common trope on fairy tales and stories about witches. The time span of a year and a day has many situations — legal and magical — where it is significant. For one thing, it sounds impressive, being more sonorous than merely a year. For another, it's been used in Real Life. For a third, it makes it clear that the time is precise; "a year" is sometimes used to mean approximately a year, but a year and a day makes it clear that the exact time is indicated. A lunar year (13 lunar months of 28 days) plus a day is a solar year (365 days). Also, 366 days would be a full year even if a leap day was included. It is also a term adopted by common laws for this exact reason. Why some spells have a duration of a year? Geas spell description should also have said "a year and a day" if they were written by the same designer who wrote Mass Suggestion. Or maybe it was simply a memory lapse of the designer. We simply have a small problem of lack of consistency. This is the kind of issues that editors should look up for and fix. In previous editions, we have seen spells being referenced as having "24 hours" durations aswell as "1 day" durations. 5th edition did a much better job at fixing those inconsistencies, but some of them (like the one you found) are still here and there. They should be reported so they can be fixed on future printings of the book. For instance, this same issue does not happen with the spell Planar Binding: At Higher Levels: When you cast this spell using a spell slot of a higher level, the Duration increases to 10 days with a 6th-level slot, to 30 days with a 7th-level slot, to 180 days with an 8th-level slot, and to a year and a day with a 9th-level spell slot. For all purposes, "a year" and "a year and one day" should be the same. | Mid | [
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Global partners are expanding the technical and commercial definition of the combined first-in-class technologies for specific opportunities – developing an implementation strategy that will be consistent with the government’s “Make in India” campaign HOUSTON and CHARLOTTE, N.C., Jan. 08, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Synthesis Energy Systems, Inc. (SES) (NASDAQ:SES), and Midrex Technologies, Inc. (Midrex), a subsidiary of Kobe Steel, Ltd. (ADR-OTC:KBSTY), today announced that the partners are proceeding with work to expand the technical and commercial definition of MXCOL®-SES DRI for possible commercial opportunities in the Indian market. SES is a global leader in the clean and efficient production of low-cost synthesis gas for high value energy and chemical products. Midrex is the world leader in Direct Reduction Ironmaking Technology. Midrex has engaged SES to complete a package of engineering deliverables that are focused on advancing the technical and commercial definition necessary to make proposals to build the MXCOL®-SES DRI plants in India. This exercise is scheduled to be completed in the first quarter of 2018. The fully integrated and optimized DRI solution combines the industry-leading MIDREX® Process using the MXCOL® configuration with the premier SES Gasification Technology (SGT) to produce clean syngas from local, low-quality Indian coal. The syngas is integrated into MIDREX® technology to convert iron ore into high-purity DRI, and commercialized as the MXCOL®-SES DRI process. The integration of these two technologies is of strategic importance because it offers an economical alternative to natural gas and LNG-based DRI through utilization of coal, and especially low-quality coals, to produce DRI steel products. The new study’s specific project would use Indian coal with 39% ash and 5% moisture. “Together, with our global DRI partner, Midrex, we are creating an optimized coal gasification DRI solution combining our first-in-class technologies. While this integrated technology combination has broad applicability in any region where natural gas and LNG is expensive or lacks infrastructure and availability, it has been especially well received thus far in India, a heavy steel producing nation with high gas prices and abundant low-quality coal,” said DeLome Fair, SES’s President and Chief Executive Officer. “We are excited that Midrex has advanced the marketing of the MXCOL®-SES plant concept to this stage and our engineers are working diligently towards completing the work. While the decision to construct a facility ultimately lies with the project owners, we believe that upon completion of this work we will be well positioned in the Indian market for an order commitment related to MXCOL®-SES DRI technology at some point in 2018.” “After understanding the MXCOL®-SES potential in India, related to technology and operating costs, both Midrex and SES are now proceeding jointly with the necessary work required to define an optimum financial solution for making commercial offers for MXCOL®-SES DRI projects to Indian steel makers,” said Stephen C. Montague, president and Chief Executive Officer of Midrex Technologies, Inc. “Additionally, we are defining an implementation strategy for these projects that includes significant sourcing of components within India such that our offering falls in line with the government’s ‘Make in India’ campaign.” SES and Midrex entered a Joint Marketing and Product Commercialization Agreement in 2014 and further expanded the collaboration in 2015 when the companies entered into the Midrex-SES Project Alliance Agreement to work together exclusively on a global basis to provide an integrated MXCOL® and SGT solution. Under these two agreements, Midrex leads the marketing, sales, proposal development, and project execution for coal gasification DRI projects. Midrex may also coordinate the construction of the fully integrated MXCOL®-SES DRI solution for customers who desire such an execution strategy. SES provides the DRI gasification technology for each project including engineering, key equipment, and technical services. India is the second largest producer of DRI in the world, with most production utilizing rotary kilns that result in high operating costs and low DRI quality. The MXCOL®-SES process will allow better project economics and improves the quality of the DRI, since the captive production using the MXCOL®-SES technology is less costly than the recycled scrap used in conventional DRI processes today. Midrex Technologies, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Kobe Steel, is an international process engineering and technology company providing steelmakers with commercially proven solutions for greater profitability and has been the leading innovator and technology supplier for the direct reduction of iron ore for more than 40 years. The company offers eco-friendly technologies for ironmaking that provide high productivity, outstanding product quality, and cost competitiveness. Midrex has built its foundation upon the MIDREX® Direct Reduction Process that converts iron ore into high-purity direct reduced iron (DRI) for use in steelmaking, ironmaking, and foundry applications. Each year, MIDREX® Plants produce over 60 percent of the world's DRI. For more information, visit: www.midrex.com. Forward-Looking Statements This press release includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements and are subject to certain risks, trends and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Although SES believes that in making such forward-looking statements our expectations are based upon reasonable assumptions, such statements may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those projected by us. SES cannot assure you that the assumptions upon which these statements are based will prove to be correct. Please refer to our latest Form 10-K available on our website at www.synthesisenergy.com. Newswire Distribution Network & Management About Us GlobeNewswire is one of the world's largest newswire distribution networks, specializing in the delivery of corporate press releases financial disclosures and multimedia content to the media, investment community, individual investors and the general public. | Mid | [
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Q: RegEx to match capitalized words with a single space between them I need a RegEx that would match the following: "United States" // match "United States" // not match "united States" // not match "United states" // not match " United States" // not match "United States " // not match e.g it will require every word to start with a capital letter and have only a single space between words. It also must deny any trailing or leading whitespace charcaters. Thanks A: Your description is quite vague, but as a general case, ^[A-Z][a-z]*( [A-Z][a-z]*)*$ should work without IgnoreCase flag. | Mid | [
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Turning a potent family-9 free cellulase into an operational cellulosomal component and vice versa. Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum and Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans are cellulolytic clostridia either producing extracellular multienzymatic complexes termed cellulosomes or secreting free cellulases respectively. In the free state, the cellulase Cel9A secreted by L. phytofermentans is much more active on crystalline cellulose than any cellulosomal family-9 enzyme produced by R. cellulolyticum. Nevertheless, the incorporation of Cel9A in vitro in hybrid cellulosomes was formerly shown to generate artificial complexes with altered activity, whereas its incorporation in vivo in native R. cellulolyticum cellulosomes resulted in a strain displaying a weakened cellulolytic phenotype. In this study, we investigated why Cel9A is so potent in the free state but functions poorly as a cellulosomal component, in contrast to the most similar enzyme synthesized by R. cellulolyticum, Cel9G, weakly active in the free state but whose activity on crystalline cellulose is drastically increased in cellulosomes. We show that the removal of the C-terminal moiety of Cel9A encompassing the two X2 modules and the family-3b carbohydrate binding module (CBM3b), reduces its activity on crystalline cellulose. Grafting a dockerin module further diminishes the activity, but this truncated cellulosomal form of Cel9A displays important synergies in hybrid cellulosomes with the pivotal family-48 cellulosomal enzyme of R. cellulolyticum. The exact inverse approach was applied to the cellulosomal Cel9G. Grafting the two X2 modules and the CBM3b of Cel9A to Cel9G strongly increases its activity on crystalline cellulose, to reach Cel9A activity levels. Altogether these data emphasize the specific features required to generate an efficient free or cellulosomal family-9 cellulase. | High | [
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Histological findings in resected bowel of motility-disordered patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are prevalent conditions associated with pain and bowel dysfunction. Some motility-disordered patients with intractable symptoms have undergone bowel resection aimed at palliating their symptoms. Our objective was to describe a population of motility-disordered patients with histopathological abnormalities identified in full-thickness surgical biopsies. A retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected clinical data and pathology reports was conducted. All adult patients referred to a tertiary motility clinic from 1996 to 2011 who had bowel resection for motility disorder were consecutively sampled. Fisher's exact test was used. Ninety-seven patients were referred for motility disorder during this time and pathology reports were available for 62 patients (63.9%). Hypertrophy or hyperplasia of the myenteric plexus was reported in 13 patients (21.0%). These patients were predominantly females with constipation-dominant symptoms. They were more likely to have objective evidence of colonic inertia (P = 0.01) than patients without myenteric plexus hypertrophy/hyperplasia. Consistent histopathologic abnormalities of myenteric plexus hypertrophy/hyperplasia were described in 21 per cent of patients with refractory GI motility disorders referred for surgical management. Our findings contrast with the hypoganglionosis reported in the slow transit constipation literature. Future studies are needed to systematically investigate these novel histologic findings through a follow-up immunohistochemical study of stored bowel specimens. | High | [
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NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION. UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE. IN THE ARIZONA COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION ONE SHANNON S., Appellant, v. DEPARTMENT OF CHILD SAFETY, A.S., Appellees. No. 1 CA-JV 17-0252 FILED 1-18-2018 Appeal from the Superior Court in Yavapai County No. P1300JD201600058 The Honorable Anna C. Young, Judge AFFIRMED COUNSEL Law Office of Florence M. Bruemmer, P.C., Anthem By Florence M. Bruemmer Counsel for Appellant Arizona Attorney General's Office, Mesa By Amanda Adams Counsel for Appellee Department of Child Safety SHANNON S. v. DCS, A.S. Decision of the Court MEMORANDUM DECISION Judge James B. Morse Jr. delivered the decision of the Court, in which Presiding Judge Paul J. McMurdie and Judge Peter B. Swann joined. M O R S E, Judge: ¶1 Shannon S. ("Father") appeals the termination of his parental rights to his daughter based on neglect, substance abuse, and six-months out-of-home placement. For the following reasons, we affirm. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY ¶2 Father and Carli L. ("Mother") are the unwed parents of A.S., who was born substance-exposed in July 2016.1 Mother admitted to methamphetamine use during her pregnancy and tested positive for amphetamine and methamphetamine at two prenatal visits and at the time of the child's birth. Father denied knowing of Mother's drug use during the pregnancy, but acknowledged that Mother had a drug problem and admitted his own prior use of illegal drugs. ¶3 The Department of Child Safety ("DCS") received a report of A.S.'s substance-exposed birth and a subsequent report of allegations of heroin and methamphetamine abuse by Mother and Father. Mother and Father were offered voluntary services through the Substance Exposed Newborn Safe Environment ("SENSE") program for families with newborns exposed to drugs and alcohol. Because of Mother's and Father's inconsistent engagement in the services offered through SENSE, DCS was unable to establish that A.S. was receiving proper care. In August 2016, DCS filed a dependency petition. Father denied the allegations. ¶4 Father's history of substance abuse includes use of methamphetamine and marijuana. In 2014, Father admitted to use of methamphetamine and marijuana and tested positive for methamphetamine when he was arrested for driving under the influence. Father also admitted use of marijuana and tested positive for methamphetamine in 2016. 1The superior court also terminated Mother’s parental rights, but she is not a party to this appeal. 2 SHANNON S. v. DCS, A.S. Decision of the Court ¶5 Father failed to complete the in-home dependency services provided by DCS, and in September 2016, the superior court ordered A.S. into temporary foster care and adopted a case plan of family reunification. The superior court ordered Father to participate in a substance abuse assessment, any necessary treatment services, individual and family counseling, parent skills training, parenting classes, visitation services, and eight to ten random urinalyses per month. DCS arranged for the urinalyses testing to follow Father's supervised visits with A.S. and offered Father transportation to the required testing. Father tested positive for amphetamine and methamphetamine three times in September 2016, and then refused additional court-ordered urinalyses throughout the dependency and severance proceedings. ¶6 In November 2016, after Father failed to appear for a pretrial conference hearing without good cause, the superior court adjudicated A.S. dependent as to Father and found that DCS had made reasonable reunification efforts. By January 2017, Father remained noncompliant with and disengaged from, the court-ordered reunification services, his supervised visits with A.S. had become inconsistent, and services were at risk of termination due to Father's lack of contact and engagement. ¶7 In January 2017, the superior court ordered Father to undergo a neuropsychological evaluation and terminated the plan of family reunification due to his lack of engagement in the services. The neuropsychological evaluation was conducted in March 2017. Father remained noncompliant with the required urinalyses testing and the neuropsychological evaluation results indicated that he was "denying a drug and/or alcohol problem," and would allow Mother to visit A.S. as she wished, even though Father acknowledged that Mother had a drug problem. Father's elevated scores in the evaluation reflected common characteristics associated with substance misuse and defensive responses that may or may not be associated with substance misuse. The evaluation confirmed that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Father's "reported history of heroin and methamphetamine addiction along with possible alcohol misuse" would continue for a prolonged, indeterminate period of time if he did not initiate and complete treatment services. Based on Father's reported history, the evaluation concluded that Father "must be able to demonstrate through random drug testing that he is free and clear of all substances" and "[a]ny negative or diluted test results would strongly suggest that substance abuse treatment be initiated." The evaluation recommended that Father create a life free of substance abuse and learn to properly parent A.S., including protecting A.S. from Mother's substance abuse. 3 SHANNON S. v. DCS, A.S. Decision of the Court ¶8 Throughout March 2017, Father had not yet participated in required parenting classes or qualified for in-home services. Father also attempted to abscond with A.S. following his early termination of a supervised visit with her, resulting in police intervention and the superior court's suspension of Father's visits with A.S. While Father participated in some services, he refused mandated urinalyses and failed to successfully complete reunification services. Because he failed to participate, Father never rectified the issues which caused A.S. to be placed in foster care, even though the services were required to regain custody of A.S. ¶9 After the contested termination hearing in April 2017, the superior court terminated Father's parental rights under Arizona Revised Statue § 8-533, finding that: (1) Father had neglected or failed to protect A.S. from neglect; (2) Father was unable to discharge his parental responsibilities because of his history of chronic abuse of drugs or alcohol and there were reasonable grounds to believe that the condition will continue for a prolonged and indeterminate period; (3) A.S. had been in out-of-home placement for a cumulative total period of six months or longer; and (4) severance was in A.S.'s best interests. Father timely appealed the termination. DISCUSSION I. Standard of Review ¶10 The fundamental right to parent one's child is not absolute. Kent K. v. Bobby M., 210 Ariz. 279, 284, ¶ 24 (2005). The superior court may terminate parental rights if it finds, "by clear and convincing evidence, at least one of the statutory grounds set out in section 8-533," and by a preponderance of the evidence that termination is in the best interests of the child. Michael J. v. Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 196 Ariz. 246, 248–49, ¶ 12 (2000); Ariz. R.P. Juv. Ct. 66(C). ¶11 We review a termination order for an abuse of discretion and will affirm the order unless "there is no reasonable evidence" to support the decision. Mary Lou C. v. Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 207 Ariz. 43, 47, ¶ 8 (App. 2004). The court must consider those circumstances existing at the time of the termination hearing. Shella H. v. Dep't of Child Safety, 239 Ariz. 47, 50, ¶ 12 (App. 2016). II. Substance Abuse ¶12 Father argues the superior court erred in finding clear and convincing evidence in support of severing his parental rights based on his 4 SHANNON S. v. DCS, A.S. Decision of the Court substance abuse. The superior court may terminate parental rights if the parent has a history of chronic substance abuse, the parent is unable to discharge parental responsibilities due to chronic substance abuse, and reasonable grounds exist to believe that the abuse will continue for a prolonged and indeterminate period. A.R.S. § 8–533(B)(3); Raymond F. v. Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 224 Ariz. 373, 377, ¶ 15 (App. 2010). As the trier of fact, the superior court "is in the best position to weigh the evidence, observe the parties, judge the credibility of witnesses, and resolve disputed facts." Jordan C. v. Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 223 Ariz. 86, 93, ¶ 18, (App. 2009) (quoting Ariz. Dep't of Econ. Sec. v. Oscar O., 209 Ariz. 332, 334, ¶ 4, (App. 2004)). ¶13 The record demonstrates reasonable evidence to support the superior court's finding that Father has a history of chronic substance abuse. A "temporary abstinence from drugs and alcohol does not outweigh [a] significant history of abuse or [a] consistent inability to abstain during th[e] case." Raymond F., 224 Ariz. at 379, ¶ 29. Substance abuse "need not be constant to be considered chronic." Id. at 377, ¶ 16. First, although Father denied a substance abuse problem, the evidence reflects his history of substance abuse and methamphetamine use from 2014 through, at least, the three failed tests in 2016. Father's claim of abstinence from methamphetamine after 2015 rings hollow in the face of the three positive test results for the substance in September 2016 and the lack of any documented support for his claimed sobriety. Moreover, Father's refusal to comply with court-ordered urinalyses testing services throughout the dependency until severance, despite DCS's attempt to obtain his participation and offer of transportation for testing, provides strong circumstantial evidence that his drug abuse continued. See id. at 379, ¶ 27 (including a two-month period during which a parent did not submit to testing as evidence of a substantial history of drug abuse). ¶14 Second, the record reflects reasonable evidence in support of the superior court's findings that Father could not discharge his parental responsibilities due to his chronic substance abuse. Termination under A.R.S. § 8–533(B)(3) "does not require that the parent be found unable to discharge any parental responsibilities," but rather "establish[es] a standard which permits a trial judge flexibility in considering the unique circumstances of each termination case before determining the parent's ability to discharge his or her parental responsibilities." In re Maricopa Cty. Juvenile Action No. JS–5894, 145 Ariz. 405, 408–09 (App. 1985). A parent must demonstrate a desire and ability to carry out parental duties beyond procreation alone. In re Maricopa Cty. Juvenile Action No. JS-501568, 177 Ariz. 571, 580, (App. 1994). The court must consider how the substance abuse 5 SHANNON S. v. DCS, A.S. Decision of the Court impedes the parent from adequately parenting. Raymond F., 224 Ariz. at 377-78, ¶ 19. ¶15 As reflected in the record, the neuropsychological evaluation found Father in denial of a "drug and/or alcohol" problem and advised random urinalysis testing; Father "must demonstrate through drug testing that he is clean and sober." A DCS case manager testified about Father's documented history of drug abuse, his negative and diluted drug test result in July 2016, his positive drug test results for amphetamine and methamphetamine in September 2016, and that his refusal to submit to further testing meant that no lab results confirmed further sobriety. The superior court also heard evidence regarding Father's inability to parent A.S. because of his substance abuse history, his failure to acknowledge the impact of substance abuse on his ability to safely parent the child, and his inability to remedy the circumstances that caused A.S. to be in foster care. Father admitted Mother's drug problem but stated that he would allow Mother to visit with A.S. as she desired. Father never demonstrated necessary sobriety nor completed the requisite services to regain custody of A.S., even when he knew such was required for reunification. Despite DCS's efforts to provide appropriate reunification services to Father, he failed to carry out his parental responsibilities and disregarded the court- ordered process to regain custody of A.S. ¶16 Third, the record reflects reasonable evidence to support the superior court's findings that Father's substance abuse will continue for a prolonged and indeterminate period. The court must consider the parent's treatment history; where the parent has not successfully demonstrated and maintained sobriety, the ability to successfully parent is doubtful. Id. at 378, ¶ 25. The failure to complete reunification services provides sufficient evidence that drug abuse will continue for a prolonged, indeterminate time. Id. Considering Father's substance-abuse history and his refusal to demonstrate necessary sobriety, the superior court had ample grounds to conclude that Father's substance abuse would continue for a prolonged, indeterminate period. ¶17 Finally, the superior court correctly found that DCS made diligent efforts to provide appropriate reunification services to Father, but Father failed to demonstrate necessary sobriety or complete services required for reunification. Because the superior court "is in the best position to weigh the evidence, observe the parties, judge the credibility of witnesses, and make appropriate findings," we will accept its findings of fact unless no reasonable evidence supports them. Jesus M. v. Ariz. Dep't of 6 SHANNON S. v. DCS, A.S. Decision of the Court Econ. Sec., 203 Ariz. 278, 280, ¶ 4 (App. 2002). Ample evidence supports the superior court's findings.2 III. Best Interests ¶18 Father argues the superior court erred by finding by a preponderance of the evidence that severance was in A.S.'s best interests. When determining whether to terminate parental rights because of a parent's chronic substance abuse, "a child's interest in permanency must prevail over a parent's uncertain battle with drugs." Jennifer S. v. Dep't of Child Safety, 240 Ariz. 282, 287, ¶ 17 (citing Raymond F., 224 Ariz. at 379, ¶ 29). "Whether severance is in the child's best interests is a question of fact for the juvenile court to determine," and we draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the superior court's findings. Jesus M., 203 Ariz. at 282, ¶ 13. The court must consider "how the child would benefit from a severance or be harmed by the continuation of the relationship." Mary Lou C., 207 Ariz. at 50, ¶ 19 (citation omitted). Such requirement may be met where the child is adoptable or the existing placement is meeting the child's needs. Id. ¶19 The superior court found by a preponderance of evidence that severance was in the child's best interests. The superior court heard testimony that A.S. was adoptable and she would benefit from an environment of "stability and permanency," "free from illicit substances" where her needs would be consistently met, as opposed to "linger[ing] in the system" until a time at which Father might demonstrate his sobriety and stability. Because of the detriment A.S. would suffer from continued exposure to Father’s substance abuse, sufficient evidence in the record supports the superior court's finding that terminating Father's parental rights was in A.S.'s best interests. 2 Because we find that the evidence supports termination of Father’s parental rights on the grounds of chronic substance abuse, we need not address the other grounds raised in Father’s appeal. Michael J., 196 Ariz. at 251, ¶ 27. 7 SHANNON S. v. DCS, A.S. Decision of the Court CONCLUSION ¶20 For the reasons set forth above, we affirm the superior court's order terminating Father's parental rights. AMY M. WOOD • Clerk of the Court FILED: AA 8 | Low | [
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Kappa is a water demon whose mentions are found in ancient folklores of Japan. While some refute its existence by calling it a creature of imagination originating out of sightings of giant salamanders of Japan, others still hold the believe that Kappa is not confined to myths. In fact, some people actually consider that Kappa is very much real. Those who consider it to be real now have a support in their favor. Scientists have obtained very unusual mummified remains of a creature that are very much aligned with the characteristic features of the mythical demon. As a matter of fact, the discovered remains went for display in Kyuushuu island of Japan. How does a Kappa look like? The word Kappa literally translates into ‘river child’. The creature has been described to have a spiky and scaly body of a tortoise with a reptile-like blue or green skin. The limbs of the creature are described to be webbed and it is said to have a beak. If that isn’t just enough, what’s really unique to the creature is a hollow structure on top of its head. While the folklores say that Kappa is primarily a water creature, it also occasionally roams around on land. The hollow on its head is meant for holding water to keep it wet enough so that it does not loses its powers on land. What makes Kappa a demon? This lakes, rivers and ponds dwelling creature is said to be a demon. According to legends, the creature captures and devours children who are disobedient. What’s really interesting about this description is that Kappa turns out to be a selective demon. Kappas are often also depicted as mischief creators often attacking women and drowning animals and people. They are also said to make rude sounds as part of their mischievous behavior. About the mummified remains Scientists have gotten their hands on unusual mummified remains of a creature. The remains include an arm with attached hand and a foot. It is said that the remains were given to Miyakonijo Shimazu family in 1818 after one of the legendary creatures was shot dead. No other details are available. For instance, no one knows who shot the creature or why the rest of the body is not available. The remains went for display in Miyazaki prefecture at Miyakonijo Shimazu Residence. Scientific literature on Kappa During Japan’s Edo period, much of scientific work was devoted towards Kappa study. One such collection of Kappa information is Suikokouryaku of 1820. The information found in this compendium has information sourced from various Chinese and Japanese sources. Suikokouryaku contains several interesting drawings of Kappa. Killing a Kappa is not that difficult As per legends and folklore, Kappas are very much obsessed with manners. On land when someone bows, the Kappa will return the gesture by bowing. So in order to kill a Kappa, one should deep bow and as Kappa returns the gesture with a deep bow, the water in the hollow on its head falls off, rendering the Kappa powerless. It is then that a Kappa can be killed easily. Other mummies of Kappa Apart from the scattered remains obtained from the Miyakonijo Shimazu family, there are a number of other mummies on display which are claimed to be Kappa mummies. Some of these mummies are pictured above. Arguments by skeptics Skeptics say that all the mummies that are on display and are claimed to be Kappa mummies are not real. They say that these mummies are works of artists from Edo period that lasted from 1603 to 1867 and that they were created using different animal parts like monkeys, stingrays and owls. So, what do you think? Are Kappas real? Drop your comments below and let us know. 1 comment Theo Davis MannMarch 18, 2017 - 12:48 am I believe that the current American “fake news” fad/controversy is not NEARLY as interesting as this! At least here, you have some substance, quite literally, that can be objectively analyzed by science (although it doesn’t seem to be happening…where’s the DNA testing)- vs contentious 2-party politics that are just…… so pathetic and nonsensical. | Mid | [
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Q: Good NoSQL database for Write-Read Intensive Site Ok I do have a small messaging site for my client. Well its more likely a post-comment system(created in PHP). Now my client want a system that can comment to another existing comment and add some features like liking and tagging. Another thing is the existing system is heavily used by my client in his company as they use it like a skype chat(that makes it write-read intensive). well my client want's to use open source software as possible. so I used mysql community edition. Too much about my story... So I had a 1 week research about NoSql databases and I found it right for my requirements as my client wants to add features (that means adding and adding columns and tables from time to time.) Now these are nosql database systems that caught my eye.(well if you can suggest other nosql database system its ok) MongoDB CouchDB Redis Now my question is which of the three is good for my situation? I also read some bad things about those 3 nosql databases MongoDB is crappy on its 2.x version CouchDB is slow (my client doesn't want slow) Redis is memory-based so it just writes on the disk on certain intervals. so when the system crash in the middle of the interval then the data is lost I want to have some opinions about this and any advice that can help me to cope up with my upcoming situation A: MongoDB is a popular solution to this, and my personal preference. The great thing about Mongo (besides being schemaless) is that you can have nested/embedded documents. So for example, you can have a comment which has an array of sub-comments which each have their own arrays of sub-comments. I don't know of any other datastore that has that feature. It's also fast. CouchDB has some nice features, but Mongo is so similar and much better. Redis is very different from the other two. It's used mostly as an alternative to memcached. So it's primarily used for temporary data. Although it has some nice pubsub features built in. A lot of people use both MongoDB and Redis, but for different things. | High | [
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MyAccess Sign In About MyAccess If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you don't have a MyAccess Profile, please contact your library's reference desk for information on how to gain access to this resource from off-campus. Introduction The knee, which is a gliding hinge joint, is the largest synovial joint in the body. Its small area of contact of the bone ends at any one time makes it dependent on ligaments for its stability. Although this allows a much increased range of movement it does increase the susceptibility to injury, particularly from sporting activities. Finding the cause of a knee problem is one of the really difficult and challenging features of practice. It is useful to remember that peripheral pain receptors respond to a variety of stimuli. These include inflammation due either to inflammatory disorders or chemical irritation such as crystal synovitis, traction pain (e.g. trapped meniscus stretching the capsule), tension on the synovium capsule (e.g. effusion or haemarthrosis), and impact loading of the subchondral bone. Disorders of the knee account for about one presentation per 50 patients per year.1 The commoner presenting symptoms in order of frequency are pain, stiffness, swelling, clicking and locking.1 The age of presentation of a painful knee has varied significance as many conditions are age-related. Excessive strains across the knee, such as a valgus-producing force, are more likely to cause ligament injuries, while twisting injuries tend to cause meniscal tears. A ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a commonly missed injury of the knee.2 It should be suspected with a history of either a valgus strain or a sudden pivoting of the knee, often associated with a cracking or popping sensation. It is often associated with the rapid onset of haemarthrosis or inability to walk or weight-bear. A rapid onset of painful knee swelling (minutes to 1–4 hours) after injury indicates blood in the joint—haemarthrosis. Swelling over 1–2 days after injury indicates synovial fluid—traumatic synovitis. Any collateral ligament repair should be undertaken early but, if associated with ACL injuries, early surgery may result in knee stiffness. Thus, surgery is often delayed. With isolated ACL ruptures, early reconstruction is appropriate in the high-performance athlete; otherwise, delayed reconstruction is appropriate if there is clinical instability.3 Acute spontaneous inflammation of the knee may be part of a systemic condition such as rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, gout, pseudogout (chondrocalcinosis), a spondyloarthropathy (psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, bowel inflammation), Lyme disease and sarcoidosis. | Mid | [
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Receptors for tachykinins in canine intestine circular muscle. 125I-Tyr8-substance P binding was examined in a plasma membrane enriched fraction from the circular muscle of canine small intestine. The binding was quick in onset, reversible and saturable to a single high affinity binding site; KD and maximum receptor concentration were 0.50 = 0.06 nM and 742 +/- 173 fmol/mg of protein, respectively. KD values from kinetic and saturation studies were in agreement. The rank order of potency of the tachykinins and related compounds in displacing this binding was consistent with that of a neurokinin (NK)-P (NK-1) type binding site. 125I-eledoisin did not bind specifically to these membranes and eledoisin was relatively ineffective in displacing the 125I-Tyr8 substance P. Kassinin was totally ineffective. Based on relative agonist potencies, the tachykinins appeared to contract the circular muscle of canine small intestine in vitro by a mechanism which also could be considered to be a NK-P (NK-1) type receptor. However, a comparison of data obtained by these two techniques suggests that the NK-P (NK-1) type binding site and the receptor(s) responsible for contractile responses are not identical. There were discrepancies in relative orders of potency and in absolute potencies. The simplest explanation is that there is also an NK-A (NK-2) receptor which is functional but not labeled by our ligands. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed. | Mid | [
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PET Syrup Bottles Details These are THE Plastic alternative to Glass Liquid Medical Bottles. PET is a relatively new polymer that brings Plastic containers much closer towards the quality and lower environmental impact of Glass. They afford a robust, light and (according to current science) a much more inert barrier to their contents than other polymers. Having the PP28mm Neck Finish, these Bottles may be Child-resistant, Tamper-Evident, both or neither.PLEASE NOTE: MATCHING CAPS NEED TO BE ORDERED SEPARATELY. | Low | [
0.508833922261484,
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import IBehavior from './IBehavior'; import ICallbacks from './ICallbacks'; import IClassNames from './IClassNames'; interface IConfig { behavior?: IBehavior; callbacks?: ICallbacks; classNames?: IClassNames; } export default IConfig; | Low | [
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/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type */ import { expect } from 'chai' import ApiController from './api-controller' import Filter from '../utils/filter' describe('ApiController', function () { beforeEach(function () { this.total = 0 this.fieldName = 'title' this.recordJSON = { title: 'recordTitle' } this.recordStub = { toJSON: () => this.recordJSON, params: {}, recordActions: [], } this.resourceName = 'Users' this.action = { name: 'actionName', handler: this.sinon.stub().returns({ record: this.recordStub }), isAccessible: this.sinon.stub().returns(true), } const property = { name: () => this.fieldName, reference: () => false } this.resourceStub = { id: this.sinon.stub().returns('someId'), decorate: this.sinon.stub().returns({ actions: { list: this.action, edit: this.action, show: this.action, delete: this.action, new: this.action, [this.action.name]: this.action, }, getListProperties: this.sinon.stub().returns([property]), titleProperty: () => ({ name: () => this.fieldName }), properties: { [property.name()]: property }, resourceActions: () => [this.action], recordActions: () => [this.action], recordsDecorator: records => records, id: this.resourceName, }), find: this.sinon.stub().returns([]), count: this.sinon.stub().returns(this.total), findOne: this.sinon.stub().returns(this.recordStub), } this.recordStub.resource = this.resourceStub this.adminStub = { findResource: this.sinon.stub().returns(this.resourceStub), options: { rootPath: '/admin' }, translateMessage: () => 'message', } this.currentAdmin = { email: '[email protected]', name: 'John' } this.apiController = new ApiController({ admin: this.adminStub }, this.currentAdmin) this.sinon.stub(Filter.prototype, 'populate').returns([this.recordStub]) }) describe('#resourceAction', function () { it('calls the handler of correct action', async function () { await this.apiController.resourceAction({ params: { action: this.action.name, }, }, {}) expect( this.action.handler, ).to.have.been.calledWith( this.sinon.match.any, this.sinon.match.any, this.sinon.match.has('action', this.action), ) }) }) describe('#recordAction', function () { it('calls the handler of correct action', async function () { await this.apiController.recordAction({ params: { action: this.action.name, recordId: 'id', }, }, {}) expect( this.action.handler, ).to.have.been.calledWith( this.sinon.match.any, this.sinon.match.any, this.sinon.match.has('action', this.action).and( this.sinon.match.has('record', this.recordStub), ), ) }) it('throws an error when action do not return record', function (done) { this.action.handler = async () => ({ someData: 'without an record', }) this.apiController.recordAction({ params: { action: this.action.name, recordId: 'id', }, }, {}).catch((error) => { expect(error).property('name', 'ConfigurationError') done() }) }) }) }) | Mid | [
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34.5,
19.875
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Q: With Vuex, why isn't mapGetters accepting the same syntax as mapState? I have a Vue component that maps in state, mutations, actions, and getters from a Vuex store. import {mapState, mapMutations, mapActions, mapGetters} from 'vuex' export default { name: 'DefaultLayout', computed: { ...mapState({ settings: (state) => state.settings, language: (state) => state.language }), ...mapState([ 'changeRouteTo' ]), ...mapGetters([ 'isLoggedIn' ]) } ... The problem is, I cannot get ...mapGetters to work with the explicit syntax like I do with the first instance of ...mapState above. I've tried ...mapGetters({ isLoggedIn: (state) => state.getters.isLoggedIn }) and ...mapGetters({ isLoggedIn: (state) => state.isLoggedIn }) and ...mapGetters({ isLoggedIn: (state) => this.$store.getters.isLoggedIn }) But only ...mapGetters([ 'isLoggedIn' ]) seems to work. A: To use an object in ...mapGetters the syntax is as follows: ...mapGetters({ isLoggedIn: 'isLoggedIn' }) where the key is the name you want the getter to map to and the value is the name of the getter as a string | High | [
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36.5,
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"But it's a snail, you see, and it go, it go, "Meow."" " It's a what, now?" "What?" " It meows." "Then it ooze all up SpongeBob's belly like it's his pet and shit." "Yo, y'all niggers watch too many cartoons, I swear." "Hey!" "This is what's wrong with the justice system." "Niggers get locked up and don't stay that way." " They make it hard to take this shit serious." " Mm!" " What, you snitchin' or something?" " Shit, no, man." "They only gave me, like, four, right?" "I done 15 months." "So with good time, I'm like, "Man, what the fuck?"" " Shit." " Yeah, man." "So..." "Yeah, man, it ain't..." "It ain't like it was, but it'll do." "So who we slinging for?" "Marlo Stanfield." " Come on, man!" " Yo, man, yeah." "I was getting this nice package from Slim Charles, but Marlo got the muscle to hold us down, so that's where we at." "Shit, one boss same as the next, man." "Hey, yo, Little Kev." "I told you about the boy Poot, right?" "Yeah." "Pussy hound." "You just home?" " How long in?" " 15 months." " You got laid yet?" " Shit, I think I already been burnt." "Shit, I might need a ride to the clinic today." "I see ain't shit changed around this joint." "On the wall, gents." "Make this easy on all of us." "Which one of yous is Little Kevin?" "Come on, fellas." "It ain't no big deal." "We just need some face time with the motherfucker." "Your name Kevin?" " No, this is, uh..." " Poot." "I'm Poot, yo." "Poot." "Didn't you get locked up or shot or something?" "Society say I deserve another chance." "Let's see." "Which one of these dickheads is Little Kevin?" " I don't know no Kevin." " Society can bite my dick." "Bodie, I know this kid works up here with you." " What's your name?" " Do I look little to you?" "Fuck this." "Everyone under 150 lbs or 5'6" is in the cab." "You, you, and you." "And unless I see birth certificates saying otherwise, you're my Little Kevins." "And if that don't get it, we're coming the fuck back." "All right?" "That's fucked up, yo." " You got any paper on you?" " Man, fuck if I know." "These police out here knew how to flip it even just a little, my shit would be in handcuffs." "You know?" "They don't know shit." "Damn!" "When you walk through the garden" "Watch your back" "Well I beg your pardon" "Walk the straight and narrow track" "If you walk with Jesus" "He'll save your soul" "Gotta keep the devil down in the hole" "He's got fire and the fury" "At his command" "Well, you don't got to worry" "Hold on to Jesus' hand" "We'll be safe from Satan" "When the thunder rolls" "But you gotta keep the devil" "Down in the hole" "Oh yeah, mm" "We'll be safe from Satan" "Gotta keep the devil" "Down in the hole" "Keep him in the hole In the hole" "Down in the hole Down in the hole" "Keep him in the hole Keep him in the..." "Down in the hole Down in the hole" "Keep him in the hole Keep him in the..." "Down in the hole Down in the hole" "You my ride?" "I'm your motherfucking savior, is what I am." "Told y'all Andre was lying on me, yo." "I didn't do it for you." "Fact is... if I could work back on whatever cases I already caught, you might be going right back inside." "I know." " So who did kill that delivery girl?" " I don't know." "Know it wasn't Andre." "His blood don't run that kind of cold." "Who he getting his package from?" "Saying I could go back to the crib and bear up, find some things out if you want me to." " You owe me, motherfucker." " I'm saying I know I do, man." "And if you want to pay down any part of this debt, you know what you gotta do for me?" "No more bodies." "No more fucking bodies from you." "No more comebacks or get-evens on this." "No more killing." "You owe me your word." "All right, man." "No bodies on me." "You really want to ease my mind, you'll let me drive you down to Aberdeen rail station, put you on a northbound train." "Naw, man." "Baltimore's all I know." "You know what it is like, homey." "Man gotta live what he know, right?" "You're absolutely right." "There are significant factors to consider, but getting crime under control is key to sparking investment here," " jump-starting growth." " If you make it safe, they will come." "I hate to begin our beautiful relationship with my hand out, but I'm told that two federal grants to my office dry up this year." "Come the first of the year, those DOJ grants evaporate and you're out 12 prosecutors." "I was hoping you'd be able to absorb that in the general fund, maybe throw in a bit more, make it competitive with the PD and Attorney General's jobs, staunch the turnover - it's killing us." "This would be the time to do it." "We're over the revenue expected for this point in the fiscal year next to the real estate market." "How much past?" "'Cause I want to come out with a big bump in police salaries, in particular the commissioner's salary, which needs to jump, like, 50 grand." "A good guess would be a one-shot surplus of about 20 million." "But that's rainy-day money for more than crime." "Word is that the schools are running a deficit." "Excuse me." "Did you say a 50,000 bump for Ervin Burrell?" " Not for Burrell per se." " For the next police commissioner, then?" " That's what you mean?" " Looking ahead, it makes sense." "Firing Burrell would upset a good-sized block of my constituency, not to mention the ministers." "And the budget chair might have a difficult time allowing a higher salary to be approved." "In fact, I can guarantee if that proposal's in the budget - your first, for the record - the bill won't come out of committee intact." "I'm just saying that in the event Commissioner Burrell were to leave, we'd want to bump that salary to attract the best candidates, in particular the best African-American candidates across the nation." "With three years left in his term, why would he leave?" "Councilman, what may not have been obvious to you on the Public Safety Subcommittee is that the budget process is a carefully orchestrated ballet, a cooperative effort between the branches of government." "Madam President, the nuances of that cooperative effort are beginning to come into focus for me." "Thank you, Madam President." "Come on in, everyone." "Don't wait by the door." "Duquan, you're here." "Randy, you're here." "No, you two switch." "Calvin, you're here in the front." "Quanice, you're here." "Michael, you're here." "Destiny, here." "Myesha, here." "Dashonda, here." "Come on, keep moving." "Don't stop at the door." "Come in." "Let's get started." "Could be a problem." "How so?" "Your boy been assigned to what they call the Major Crimes Unit." "Meaning what?" "They the motherfuckers that did the last three city wiretaps - one where they bugged Barksdale's office, another where they hit Kentel up in Park Heights." "And the last one, shit, they was all up on Stringer Bell's cellphones." " You ain't still using burners, is you?" " I'm dumping them every two weeks." "Not good enough." "You read that." "You'll see that Stringer was changing his number every damn day and they still pulled the motherfucker's voice off a goddamn cellphone tower." "City police did that?" " Where'd you get this?" " Courthouse, clerk's office." "Hey, this shit's open to the public after they finish prosecuting your ass." "You need to lose them cellphones, son." "Me, I ain't as so much as touched a burner in a year." "5'9" and three eighths?" "You got it." "Now hold the measure and spread your arms out to the side." "What you got?" " I want one." " So, your cat can eat 'em?" "So, how'd you find them?" "I'm going to the calculators." "Give me that." "Give it here." "The same." "Your height and your arm span - identical." " Quanice?" " You about to get me in trouble." "So, you say you like to box, right?" "You must have some kind of reach." "Everything cheap on computers if you know where to look." "Yo, this mean the price I'm getting from the Koreans, they still marking it up some." "They gotta be." "I can make twice as much using this here." "Uh-uh." "Can't." "All this along the lower Patapsco-Westport area is ready for a turn." "The proximity to downtown and the B-W Parkway make it ideal for Washington commuters." "That's a given." " Anything to speed it up?" " A harbor promenade going west from both sides of the bridge." "The South Harbor Promenade, brought to you by..." "Mayor Thomas Carcetti." "And the citizens of Baltimore." "Doesn't quite have the same ring as a stadium or an aquarium expansion, does it?" " It's a start." " Further east, you've got the Locust Point Marine Terminal, which is still a working enterprise, and the further you go into Brooklyn-Curtis Bay, the more the skyline disappears." "We lose the Washington crowd." "For that part of the waterfront, you need a different draw." " Casinos?" " The urban planning default?" "I don't want the crime that comes with casinos." " Tax base is tax base." " This is where I get off the boat." "It's one thing to sell waterfront for tax base, but now you're just sucking paychecks out of my community." "It was just a thought." "And, anyway, we're getting ahead of ourselves." "This is just the first long meeting of many." "So, thanks to everyone, and we'll continue this later." "Madam President, a word with you?" "Do you have a minute?" "You and me, we got a problem already?" "Just trying to help guide you through the process, Mr. Mayor... ..Elect." "Felt more like you were dragging me across a minefield, Nerese." " Why you so pissed off at me?" " Look." "Clarence shouldn't have run again for any number of reasons." "I was ready to step up, and the deal was cut long ago that he'd back me." "You and Tony, you guys jumped the line." " It wasn't your turn." " Whoa, whoa." "Whoa." "I'm sorry if Tony and I ruined your party plans, but I wasn't privy to whatever you and Clarence cooked up." "That aside, I was kind of looking forward to working closely together." "I think that we could make things happen." "You're only getting the one term, Tommy." "I'm not gonna stand down next time." "What makes you think I'll be around that long?" "Governor's race is in two years, and plans can change." "You might find yourself mayor in 2008 without so much as a campaign speech." "Wasn't easy tracking you down." "The numbers I got for you don't work no more." "I see you got a problem." "Looking rough, Bubs." "I been keeping it clean, you know, pushing my carts and all." "But this one young man, every time I cross him, I get tossed for what I got on me." "Cash, pills." "He look on me like an ATM or some shit, I swear." "I'm ready to work, Kima." "Get this motherfucker off me, I'll do what you need." "Look at me, Bubs." "I ain't in Narco." "Yeah, I see." "You look nice." "I'm working homicides." "So, if the bad boy happen to kill me, you can help me out then, right?" "If we drive around, you think you can put eyes on this motherfucker?" " I can try." " Get in." "So, Nerese is bucking already." "Feels like if the mayor's chair ain't gonna go to Royce, it should be hers." "Problem is, she'll see any proposal to raise the commissioner's salary" " as a move against Burrell." " Which it is." "We can't raise the salary, we can't attract strong minority candidates." "No strong candidates, we can't get rid of the guy we got." "Fuck if I'm gonna live with Burrell as my commissioner." " What if he quits?" " Quits?" "Maybe the man can be shamed." "If he leaves on his own account, that takes us off the hook with Nerese and the ministers, right?" "No." "We don't want your credit card number." "We won't even know the number." "We just need you to order the candy." "And you have cash up front?" "He pay you back, Mr. P." "When he sell off, man, he gonna pay you back." "Yeah." "Points on the package, huh?" "No way." "Come on, Mr. Prezbo." "Doesn't it teach us math?" "Addition, subtraction, a quarter, a quarter of a dollar, a dime, a tenth, you know?" "No cash, no card." "All right." "Fine." "Cash up front." "No problem." "And if you come in with a wad of bills tomorrow, Randy," "I want to know where they came from." "I don't want either of you out on the corner." "All right." "Ms. Thiessen, you OK?" "I, uh..." "I think my car's been stolen." "Yeah, man." "All right." "So what I'm saying is that you got from Bentlow down there to Rosewood right here." "All right?" "Now, I got the block from Monroe all the way down to Pacer, so I got you covered from that side, but put lookouts in Franklintown to catch anybody" " coming from the other way." " All right, I got you." " Are you ready to work?" " Yeah, just get my re-up." "We'll go on about the shit for real." " No, are you ready to work?" " Yeah." "Ready to work." " Donut, go talk to Little Kevin for me." " All right." "Watch the ride." "Look, man, please do not be having your mama come talk for you." "Man, I ain't have her do nothing." "She just get on her horse and come with it." "Look." "I done did everything I can for you and yours, but... from here on, your moms can't do nothing to help." "All right?" "Him?" "From Wee-Bey?" "Your moms?" "No sign of the motherfucker Andre." "Store been padlocked a week." "Ain't even calling for his re-up." "Check the man at the jail?" "Yeah." "People say Omar ain't even been on the tier for two weeks, so he either staying someplace or they got him at county lockup." "Or the charges been dropped." "If this cocksucker's sprung, my man is backing up on his story." "Mean he could back up on y'all." "I'm on it." "How about the New York boys?" "We dropped five of them." "The rest went to ground." "Drive through East Baltimore, you don't even see a Baltimore nigger with a Yankee cap." "Want us to stay on that too?" "I talked to the fat man, but I think we're done there." "This shit with Andre?" "Job one." "We could try the avenue again." "He be behind the market sometimes." "Bubs, I ain't got all fucking day." "I'm on shift work now." "I'm working murders." "He banked me four times this week, Kima." "I'm having dreams about this motherfucker." "All right." "I tell you what - you want to work?" "I'll call Sydnor or Herc down at Major Crimes, put you with someone doing drug work." "You work for them, they'll help you with your problem." "All right?" " I need this now, Kima." " I'll tell them that." " Woman..." " So show me where you're living, and I'll tell them where they can find you." "Take the left." "I don't understand." "You told the man you not gonna kill no one." "I gave my word on that." "Fuck we doing back here then, Papa?" "I can still put a gun in Andre's face, right?" "That man got some explaining to do." "It's dead out here, yo." "Tip on out." "I don't know why he don't trust us with it, yo." "I mean, we trustworthy, ain't we?" "Just gotta get enough for the first order." "Then we're good." "All right." "Hard six." "Come on, Trey!" " I'm in." " Go away, boy." " Oh, you in?" " Yeah." "Pass line for me, yo." "Oh, shit!" "Yeah." "Get that money." "Get that money, shorty." "Get that money." "I heard tell of it, but I didn't believe it." "All this overtime, all for two cases as a secondary." "First the names are red, then they're green, then they're black." "And that doesn't even include the court pay you make if the soft case goes to trial." "Sweet." "So, what you gonna do with yours, Detective Greggs, huh?" "Pay down some debt." " Why you leaving?" " Your luck ain't gonna change." " Don't worry about it." " Yo, thanks for walking us off." "I thought we was gonna get banked." " You ain't gonna bank us, is you?" " Shit, boy." "You think I'm that ungrateful?" "I followed you through ten shooters and made more money than I have in a month." "Nah." "I ain't gonna rob you." "I just need to know next time you fade a dice game." "You feel?" "I mean, it's all about the math, you know, the probabilities and all." "I ain't never seen you in a game before." "Where you learn your game?" "Edward Tilghman Middle." "Shit." "All we got is Little Kevin." "Bodie's boy, huh?" "What'd I tell you?" "Bubs gets it the first time." "Here." "Y'all meet up with me in the afternoon tomorrow after school lets out and I'll give Kevin a new hat." "A hat trick?" "Cool." " Yo, Herc, man?" " What's up?" "It's not about the money this time." "He breaking me every day unless I give him something." "I can't take it any more, man." "Once we're done with Kevin, you go find this asshole, hit my cellphone." "I'll be on him five minutes later." "I promise." "Then you add this, yo, and watch it fizzle." "Whoa, whoa, whoa." "Not so much." "Not so much." "You gonna make it spill everywhere, you see?" "What are you still doing here?" "Ain't nobody want you here." " Your mama want me." " Yeah." "You and the pipe." "Shouldn't talk about your mama like that, Michael." " Hey, Daddy, see my volcano?" " Bug, go upstairs." "Bug need me too." "Saturday, right?" "Bug need me." "My teachers say I gotta need glasses." "I gotta have an adult with me." "Pick 'em up." "Sign for 'em." "Bug, go upstairs to your room." "Ice cold, boy." "Way you be?" "Ain't got a forgiveness to your soul." " Man, fuck you." " Watch your mouth." "You're big, but not big enough." "Now...where's that DSS card?" "Your mama said that come to me." "Ain't nothing left on this month's check anyway." "Before the first of the month, then." "Hey." "Hey." "Come on in." "I see the little man done took over the living room." " Good for him." " You know how it goes." "Well, I'm just messing with you." "Place looks great." "Even the toys look like they belong." " This is..." " This month and two going back." "I'm just trying to catch up." "I appreciate you not coming after me for it." "Knocking over liquor stores now?" "Overtime from Homicide." "It stays like this, and I won't have a problem coming up with my share." " Kima..." " This ain't, "Please take me back,"" "but a deal's a deal, right?" "Hey, I'm home." "Hey, Elijah." " Hey." " Um..." "Kima, this is Nancine Owens." "Sorry." "The place is a mess." "You could stay for dinner, but tonight we have people coming over." "It's a kind of a celebration, actually." " Yeah?" " I passed the bar this week." "Congratulations." "Most of the gals I work with have a problem with that." " With what?" " Passing the bar." " Guess I better be going." " Thanks for coming past." " Let's make a bed..." " Yeah." "Nice meeting you." " Elijah?" " Uh?" " Say bye to Aunt Kima." " Bye." " Where's Dre?" " I don't know!" " You believe her?" " No." "One last time." "Where's Andre?" "He said if he told me where he was going," "I'd have to tell you." "I don't know." "I don't know." "You believe her now?" "Yeah." "Dang." "Sure is quiet this early." "Yo, you gonna come with me to see Mr. P?" "No, go on up." "I'll see you in homeroom." "Mr. P." "Randy." " Randy, how did you..." " Six beats four or five." "And most times eight is better than ten." "Right?" "You schooled me good." " You gambled?" " I didn't even pick up the dice." "I was all, "Pass, no pass."" "Got to the point where some of them was following me in there." " You shouldn't gamble." " I know, but the math be right, Mr. P." "But I'm gonna come back at lunch, and we can computer up that candy, all right?" "Peace." "Resign?" "Either that or the day-to-day running of the department falls to the Deputy Commissioner for Operations." "Erv, I have made no secret of wanting to make changes." "So Bill Rawls is now the voice of reform, is he?" "This isn't about Rawls." "I have no faith in you, given recent events." "I know you remember the two of us sitting in this same booth a year ago, you telling me about how you respect the chain of command." "Well, respect it now." "Every department head serves at the pleasure of the mayor." "So, if you're firing me, Mr. Mayor," "I want you to know I will go quietly." "You'll tender your letter of resignation?" "No." "I'm not offering to resign." "If you want me to go, you're gonna have to shitcan me." "A small distinction, I know, but... in the meantime, since you have Bill Rawls doing my job for me, and it's such a nice day out," "I think I'll go to Forest Park and shoot nine." "The check is yours, I think." "Pick a table, any table." "Eiffel Tower, Big Ben, Empire State Building." "Your table is your team." "The team that puts its model together first wins." "Now, you say y'all can work together out on the corner." " Let's see how you do on this." " Wins what?" "Big fat gold star and some shit." "Dinner downtown." "Any restaurant you can agree on." "Since y'all only seem willing to be interested in stuff you know, we looked for things like Baltimore." "The scale model of the Fayette Street stash house was all sold out." "So, y'all just gonna have to make do." "Mr. Colvin, the box say there's supposed to be instructions." "We took those out." "Makes it more interesting, don't you think?" "It ain't like we follow instructions anywhere else, right?" "I ain't even want to put no charges on Omar." "But see, they made me do that, and now they're gonna be mad at me 'cause it ain't stick." " Who be "they"?" " People I'm getting the package from." "I'm asking who." "Boy named Marlo." "He's big on the West Side." "You heard of him?" "Vaguely recall the name." "So, I just need to chill for a while till they remember how to forget." "So, now you come over East Side and expect me to hide you." "Why does every Baltimore nigger think that running away means crossing downtown?" "Shit, you ought to be in New York or Philly or some shit." "No, see, I know that." "It's just that I don't know no one outside of B'more." "I was just hoping, let's say, trade on my store, you could maybe front me some cash, get me out of town with people you know." "I mean, I'd come to the East Side to you, too many West Side motherfuckers are with Marlo." "You know what the problem with these here machines?" "They too cheap to begin with." "Some people would think for what it's worth to fix it and make the shit work right, you might as well dump them and get another." "2,000 and a free ride north for the store and its contents." "Store worth way more, Joe." "It depends, don't it?" "No, it goes on the other side and shit." "Stop fronting me." "I want to do something." "You gonna curse at me again, I'm gonna cut you." "Get that shit out my face." "I don't even want to do this shit no more." "That's how you always do it." "What are you doing?" "Look at the box." "Do that look like that's on the box?" "Nigger, come on, now." "I'm trying to eat." " Give me that piece, yo." " Fuck you, yo." "You don't even know what you're doing." "Just sit there and shut up." "Come over here and make me shut up, then." "You piss me off 'cause you don't know what you're doing." "You're too stupid." "Hey, Z, you do the top while I do the middle." "Darnell, you got the leg parts, all right?" "Yeah, like that, like that." "Shit!" "Done." "Aw, that's bullshit." "He's cheating, yo." "Go ahead and touch it, baby." "That shit built to last." "What about the extra pieces?" "What extra pieces?" "What's in your pocket?" "Ain't nothing in my pocket." "So, who cook a good steak around here?" "I got a T-bone right here." "OK." "One." "From the day of my inauguration," "Commissioner Burrell is to undertake no initiative without clearing it with you." "Administrative responsibilities are to reside with the deputy office if they don't already." "I like that." "No problem." " Two." "I need to elevate Stan Valchek." " Good man, Valchek." "He's a hack." "But he's my hack, and I owe him." "If I make him deputy for admin, can he cause any real damage?" " I'll watch over him." "No problem." " Three." "I'm bumping Daniels from Western Command to colonel, giving him CID and carte blanche to fix the investigative units." " Cedric Daniels?" " Problem?" "No, he's good police." "He's just got a little independent streak." "Independent from who?" "I got no problem making Daniels." "What else do you need?" "That's it for now." "Mr. Mayor, about Ervin." "If you don't mind my asking, why keep him as a puppet commissioner when you can just fire the guy?" "We mind you asking." "I'm partial to them cherries." "Yo, Dukie." "You ever call Social Services on your mother?" "What?" "I just want to know what happens if you call Social Services on somebody." "You want to report your mother?" "She brung someone home and he won't leave." "You don't want to call Social Services." "They gets to looking into things, they could put y'all in a group home, split you and Bug up, even." "But I don't want us to leave." "I just want him to leave." "Talking about Bug's daddy, ain't you?" "Maybe you ought to talk to a teacher about this." "Mr. Prezbo is real good about stuff." "Mr. P did say I could go talk to the school social worker." "Mr. Robinette?" "He an alcoholic." "What about that boxing guy, Mr. Cutty?" "What's wrong with Cutty?" "I don't know." "Like, he just too friendly, you know?" "That shit creep me out, man." "Like, he some type of faggot or something." "Not Cutty, man." "He be all up in the women." " Yo, don't you see how he be doing?" " That don't mean shit." "Them faggots will be just like that too." "I don't know." "He just too friendly, you know?" "Everybody just too motherfucking friendly." "No fucking way." "So, his name is..." "What'd you call him?" " It's like a joke." " Yeah." "They flipped it." "Bunch of fucking clowns." "Last year we had MSAs in the 22 percentile." "And don't think they haven't noticed it down at the Puzzle Palace." "The word is they're looking for at least a ten-point increase from all city middle schools this time around." "We're still six weeks away from the MSAs and you want us to start teaching the test now?" "This year, the preferred term is curriculum alignment." "There's nothing wrong with emphasizing the skills necessary for the MSA." "If we can get them to write a paragraph without a four-letter word in it, it'll have to have better command of English." "Marcia, skill sets are one thing, but this has us teaching test questions direct." "Questions that involve skills." "I don't see your point." "You don't want to see the point." "Were you expecting something different than last year?" "I don't see the math section." "These are language arts questions." "Our greatest failing on standardized tests last year." "So, for the time being, all teachers will devote class time to teaching language arts sample questions." "Now, if you turn to page 11, please, I have some things I want to go over with you." "I don't get it." "All this so we score higher on the state tests?" "If we're teaching the kids the test questions, what is it assessing in them?" "Nothing." "It assesses us." "The test scores go up, they can say the schools are improving." "The scores stay down, they can't." " Juking the stats." " Excuse me?" "Making robberies into larcenies, making rapes disappear - you juke the stats and majors become colonels." "I've been here before." "Wherever you go, there you are." "Ravens got that dude Mike Anderson." "He and Jamal gonna be running..." "Look at these runts." "We're gonna go when that football's in the air on a long pass." " Slow?" " Yeah." " Big yellow right here." " Yellows, yellows!" " Go long." "Go, go." " Throw it high." "Big yellow." "Go." " Knocko!" " Oh, shit!" "Po-po, yo!" "Po-po!" " Where you going?" " Put me down!" "They're in the alleys." "We get back in there, we can hunt them up." "No need." "I know 'em all." " Let me go, motherfucker!" " What about this one?" "He isn't even bait." "We toss him back - unless you want to spend half the shift down at baby booking." " Me?" " I ain't afraid, motherfucker!" "I don't want to spend this shift down at Evidence Control." " Then why the fuck even do this?" " So's I can talk to them." "I like to think that until the handcuffs actually fit, there's still talking to be done." "Come here, man." "Let's take a walk." "Shut the fuck up." "Yo, who we listening to?" "Miss Lady Day, Billie Holiday." "She sound good." "You know, real sad, kind of." "Yeah." "I'm like that." "You be thinking I'm all ghetto, and then I flip it and mess your mind all up." "The next time we do this, Mr. Colvin, could you please make it on the weekend?" "I only had, like, three hours between school and now to get ready." " You look fine, Zenobia." " I could look better." "How long you think it take to do hair like this?" "I'm ordering the biggest quarter-pounder." "Fries too." "Nigger, this ain't Mickey D's." "You better be thinking T-bone steak, medium rare." " The blood all squirting out?" " Nah, ain't no blood." "What you think rare is?" "It mean rarely cooked, hardly cooked." " Rare." "Get the blood out, stupid." " See?" "And medium rare, keep the blood in." "All right." "Look." "All I want to know which is which before I order some undone meat." "Hey, Mr. Colvin." "How it work?" "Look, we're just gonna ask the waiter." "All right?" "Oh, shit." "There's a waiter?" "Just right down the block." " Where she at, dawg?" " Ain't seen her." "She owe me." "All that shit I gave her." "I don't know." " How you not know?" " I don't know." "She let me find her, I'm gonna cut her titty off." "Watch." " You got something to say, nigger?" " No, no." "Yo, where Herc at?" "I got the asshole, OK?" "Tell him Riggs and Calhoun." "He knows." "He knows." "OK." "Get the fuck back here." "Nigger, I will fuck you up." "You don't know Lex?" "I knew the Bull." "I mean, I know him." "But he ain't been around, though." "You see?" "Right there." "You just fucked up." "You said you knew him, like you knew he was dead." "No." "Now you putting words in my mouth." "I meant, knew him." "When he was around, I knew him." "But he left." "Herc." "Bubbles called." "He sees the guy, the asshole." "He's on Riggs and Calhoun." "Says he'll hold him there five minutes for you to get across town." "I'm in the middle of an interview here." "What the fuck?" "Tell him we'll fix his problem tomorrow." "All right?" "Motherfucker." "He ain't got a phone." "You lied to me out on the street." "Why should I believe you now?" "You was there when Lex got killed." "You were part of the fucking setup." "We know 'cause we have a witness who puts you right in there." "Yeah, we do." "You know right where that body is." "You were there with Snoop, Chris, whoever else." "Know how to make an interrogation work?" " Leverage." " We don't have leverage?" "Motherfucker, you don't even got a body." "Lex is nothing but a name in there." "Where the fuck you think you're going?" "You ain't going nowhere." "Hey, you." "Hello!" "Bubbles' Depot here!" "Bubbles' Depot!" "What you got for me tonight?" "I've been missing you all day long, dawg." "We done with this right here." "We done with this." "I ain't got time for your shit." "My shit's all you're gonna get, all right?" "You can kiss my ass, all the fucking trouble you given me." "What you looking for?" "It's not there." "It's on me." " It's on you?" " Yeah." " It's on you?" " Wait, wait, wait!" "No, no, no!" "Get off me!" "Get off me!" "Get off!" "Wait, wait, wait!" "Take it!" "Take it!" " I got you now!" " No, no, no!" "You like that?" "Fuck!" " I don't like the orange ones." " Listen to me, fuckhead." "We know you were there, we know you set him up, and we know you didn't do it alone." " Say what?" " You weren't alone in this." "We know that." "You mean Randy?" "I'm asking you questions, remember?" "If you don't give us this murder, Kevin, somebody else will." "And when they do, they'll be putting you in." "You hear me?" " Colvin, party of four." " I'll make sure your table's ready." ""Colvin, party of four," huh?" "Hi." "May I take your coat?" "Sure." " You, sir?" " Oh, no." "I'm good." "Yeah, me too." "OK, your table's ready." "Follow me, please." " Sir?" " That's your chair, right?" "No." "You sit there." "The waitress will be here soon to detail the specials of the day." " Enjoy." " Thank you." "Waitress?" "Who was that?" " That's the hostess." " You ain't gotta worry, Mr. C." "I ain't gonna run up your bill." "I'll get whatever's on special." "It ain't no Kmart Blue Light Special, dumb-ass." "Special just mean they cook something different." "Yo, what about you, drinking without a straw, all ghetto and shit?" "You don't drink water with a straw." "And put that on your lap, fool." "You see anybody else up in here looking all Fred Flintstone and shit?" "Sh." "Shut it down." "Other people be looking at us." "Hello." "My name is Pam." "I'd like to tell you about our specials for the day." "We have king salmon with sweetcorn, chanterelles and basil aïoli, sautéed free-range chicken served with mashed potatoes, fresh Chesapeake Bay blue crab, roasted garlic, shallot cream and hen-of-the-woods mushrooms, and wood-oven-roasted quail" " with grilled bread salad." " Dang." "I thought y'all had steak." "Oh, we do, on the second page of your menus." "May I get your drink orders?" "Yeah." "Uh, we'll take four cokes, please." " Right away." " Thank you." "Do you mind if I come tomorrow?" "Mind?" "I..." "Ahem." " You wouldn't be embarrassed?" " No, not at all." "I mean..." "I'll be proud if you're there." "It's funny how it works out." "All those years I'm trying to climb the ladder, kissing ass, covering ass, doing what I'm told." "I finally let some of it out, tell 'em what I really think, and I'm going from lieutenant to colonel in a little more than a year." "And, you, you're worried sick about those subpoenas and worried that Lester's killing you with your boss..." "But the subpoenas get me promoted." "I know." "You know, Marla once said to me, "You cannot lose if you do not play."" "But here we are, right?" "Maybe it's changing." "What is?" "The city, the way things work or don't." "Maybe we're turning a corner here and it's not gonna be so unbelievably fucked up any more." "To Carcetti." "And us." "Zenobia, you want to take a picture of the restaurant, right?" " That's OK." "It's late." " No, no." "That's fine." " Come on." "Give me the camera." " I'm OK." "Come on, give me the camera." "OK." "Y'all want to be in the picture, right?" "Yo, Mr. C, can we stop at McDonald's?" " Fuck wrong with you, boy?" " Food wasn't right." " Don't like fish." " Why'd you order it, then?" "Yo, shut the fuck up." " Turn it down, man." " What?" "Turn it down, Namond." "Turn it up?" "All right, you got it." "Seriously, can I get some fries at least?" "Boy, you is pathetic." "Just 'cause you a girl do not mean I won't fuck you all up." "You hear me?" "Nigger, please." " You keep talking all of that shit." " No, you keep talking shit." " Must have forgot." " No, I ain't forget shit." " What I forget anyway?" " That I'm the man." "OK." "So, what's the first thing we do when we respond to a prompt?" "Randy?" ""According to the text..."?" ""According to the text."" "That's good." "And how do we end the answer?" "Quanice?" "Come on." "I know you know this." ""The above-stated facts have led me to conclude that..."" "Right?" "OK." "So, let's try to read the third paragraph." "I'll start it. "Pythias makes a final plea to the tyrant Dionysius" ""to return to his home one last..." Calvin, pick it up." ""To return to his home one last time before his punishment." ""He denies the request until Damon inter..."" "Intercedes." ""..and offers his own life until Pythias returns."" "Good." "Who wants to guess what "intercedes" means?" "What about "plea"?" "OK." "What about the story, then?" "How would you summarize it?" "Duquan, give it a shot." "According to the text..." "Everybody's safe in the end, right?" "OK." "Let's think this through." ""According to the text," ""Damon offers his own life on behalf of Pythias" ""so that he can return home one last time." ""The above-stated facts have led me to conclude" ""that Damon values Pythias's friendship and loyalty."" "Any questions?" "We want four of the raw." "275 large right there." "For four it should be three." "I'm charging five a head on them New York boys." "That about the going rate." " Still want us on that?" " Nah." "Seems like they got the message and went the fuck on." "True that." "Delroy has all of the Monument Street corners back." "All right, then." "Holler at us when the next package in." "Uh-uh." "You remember when I told you about the co-op meant we all stand together, doing for each other when we can?" "You remember that?" "Well, the price of four raw is 300." "And your work on them New York boys already been factored into the price, you see?" "On the other hand, we got something that you want, and it's coming back to you free of charge." "Someone you looking for." "Co-op mean what it sound like, dawg." "You happy to do for me, I'm happy to do for you." "Congratulations, Colonel." "Congratulations, Deputy Commissioner." "Congratulations to all those who were promoted, their families and friends." "It's a proud day for them and a proud day for the Baltimore Police Department." " I am so proud of you." " Thank you." "You know, Valchek we could have guessed." "I mean, he's Carcetti's man, but..." "Daniels?" "Long time for you to make major, but this was quick enough." "Yeah, who's your new rabbi, huh?" "Colonel." "So, they didn't know the salad fork from whatever the other fork is for." "So what?" "I knew they'd be at a loss, but the extent of it..." "I'm talking about feelings - why they feeling this... this plummet from masters of the universe to abject fear to humiliated fury and no awareness of it." "Who says they're not aware?" "Maybe they just didn't acknowledge." "My point is, where do you start with them if they can't even admit their feelings about who they are and what they doing in this world?" "They're not fools." "They know exactly what we expect them to be." "Y'all missed some meal for real, though." " Take your seats." " It was hot, yo." " "Party of four, Mr. Colvin." - "May I take your coat, Mr. Brice?"" "That shit was tight." "I'm dreaming about that chocolate cake." "Oh, my God." "Shit had, like, 56 layers, yo!" ""..in the checkroom, Mr. Colvin..."" ""D Money saves Pitman"?" "It's bullshit!" "Before, at least they were getting something out of it." "To hell with my evaluation, Donnelly, the state-wide test scores." "I came here to teach." "Right?" "Yo, Coach, seen Michael?" " Nah." " All right." "That wasn't you and your runts I saw down on Bentlow yesterday slinging?" "Right." "'Cause a gangster like yourself wouldn't set up such a weak-ass shop with no real lookouts, ground stash in plain view." "This is me telling y'all as plain as I can." "You guys had your one chance." "I see you out there a second time, everyone takes a beating and goes to Cheltenham." "Fair warning you just got." "Cheltenham for some drug charges?" "Please, man." "I'll write you up as a special." "Don't think I won't do it." "Jab, jab!" "Good." "He don't think I can jail?" "Shit!" "I can jail." " What's up?" " Namond's banging, huh?" "Yeah." "He's one of yours, right?" "He hang around the gym, mostly waiting on his boy Michael." "He don't box or nothing." "He ain't that kind, really." "Not like his father." " Who was his father?" " Dude named Wee-Bey." "Stone-headed." "Used to run with them Barksdales." "I know him." "Shit, I locked him up in Philadelphia." "Yeah?" "Bey was my cut buddy." "We jailed down Jessup." "Anyway, Namond's from him." "Same blood, but not the same heart." " I've done my warm-ups, Coach." " Yeah, we ready for the ring." "Take care, man." "Why we stopping here?" "I thought we was going straight out." "Gotta get with your escort out." "Prop Joe said you was my escort out." "Manner of speaking, that be true." "Come on over here, man." "Come on." "Chris, no." "You know I keep it quick, Dre." " Here?" " Here's good." " Not in a vacant." " What's the difference?" "The difference is my people." "They won't know." " They'll know." " But the rats." " I'll be alone with the rats." " You're all right." " I got your back." " Come on, Chris." "Let me do it in my house so my people can give me a home-go." "I'll be damned." "Hey, yo, that got to be Marlo, man." "You see?" "That's the man we robbed, yo, from the poker game." "Ah." "Sí." "Sí, sí." "No wonder the boy don't like me." "Thought maybe I could catch up with Chris." "I got a problem I can't bring to no one else." "He just a kid." | Low | [
0.5,
27.75,
27.75
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Nike Mercurial Superfly CR7 “Silverware” Nobody shines on the pitch quite like Cristiano Ronaldo. The same can be said of his new Mercurial Superfly CR7 Silverware boots. The Mercurial Superfly CR7 Silverware leverages the unique shimmer effect that initially debuted in black last October. The new colorway is inspired by the silver trophies elite players like Ronaldo pursue this time of year. The shimmering silver accompanies an obsidian Dynamic Fit collar and an orange pop of color on the Swoosh and the CR7 logo. The Mercurial Superfly CR7 Silverware is built for speed. The Dynamic Fit collar helps the boot act as an extension of the body and locks down the foot at full velocity. The micro-textured Nike Flyknit upper provides a barefoot-like feel that gets the foot closer to the ball and closer to the ground for increased control. A highly responsive carbon-fiber plate is designed to provide explosive speed on the pitch. The Mercurial Superfly CR7 Silverware will be available exclusively via the Nike Football App on March 18 and on nike.com March 20. | High | [
0.6606217616580311,
31.875,
16.375
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Cystic disease of the lungs in tuberous sclerosis: clinicopathologic correlation, including body plethysmographic lung function tests. Cystic disease of the lungs with focal nodular adenomatoid proliferation is among the least common pathologic stigmas of tuberous sclerosis. It tends to develop in adult life, occurs more commonly among female patients who do not have mental retardation and epileptic seizures, and may be rapidly fatal after the onset of respiratory symptoms. Reported here is one such case, that of a 45-year-old woman who had, in addition to the pulmonary involvement, cerebral tubers, retinal phakomas, adenoma sebaceum, subungual fibromas, renal angiomyolipomas, cardiac angiofibroma, hepatic angiomas, and thyroid adenoma. This is also the first patient in whom pulmonary function tests by body plethysmography were performed, which aids our understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory failure in tuberous sclerosis. | High | [
0.6826666666666661,
32,
14.875
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Newsdesk Tensions rise at Temple after professor’s controversial comments This week, FIRE and others have warned Temple University that it cannot punish professor Marc Lamont Hill over his controversial comments on Israel. As a public university, Temple is forbidden by the First Amendment from punishing Hill for his protected expression. Nevertheless, calls for his termination continue. Hill, who teaches media and communication, sparked controversy last week over comments he made at the United Nations International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People. In his speech, he called for “political action … that will give us what justice requires and that is a free Palestine from the river to the sea.” Critics said Hill’s use of phrase “from the river to the sea,” was a threat against Israel. The Temple Times also reports that the university has refused its multiple requests for comment. On Monday, FIRE called on Englert to confirm that the university will not investigate or punish Hill’s speech. FIRE has asked Temple to respond to our letter by Friday. But given the continuing calls for his termination, Temple would do well to clearly and publicly disclaim the possibility of punishing him immediately. Yet, Temple has remained under intense pressure to punish Hill, including from one of its own trustees. Board of Trustees Chairman Patrick O’Connor, a prominent Philadelphia-area attorney, told local media that he and the board were “not happy” about Hill’s comments, and that “people wanted to fire [Hill] right away.” O’Connor also warned that Temple’s legal team was “going to look at what remedies we have.” That assertion is, of course, contrary to the First Amendment. But explain that to O’Connor’s law firm partner, who on Wednesday weighed in on the controversy. In a letter to the editor published in The Legal Intelligencer, Stephen Cozen defended O’Connor’s call to punish Hill and criticized the TAUP for “stand[ing] behind the false rubric of academic freedom.” Because he believes academic freedom protections do not apply, Cozen reasons that the “issue then is free speech and as we all know free speech has its limitations. . . [h]ate speech is one of them.” Cozen went on to opine that “the delegitimization of the state of Israel is the equivalent of anti-Semitism and is a form of hate speech.” Cozen also explained that his partner “clearly said” that “Hill’s speech was disgusting and that he would need to look at what options Temple University had.” But that’s contrary to Philly.com’s report that “O’Connor said he had instructed Temple’s legal staff to explore its options in response to Hill’s remarks.” So which is it? Is O’Connor is evaluating the speech for his own edification, or has he directed the university to launch an investigation? Meanwhile, a former Philadelphia-area congressional candidate is calling on Temple to “act” in response to a pro-Hill rally organized by Temple University Students for Justice in Palestine because it uses language used by Hill — which, again, is protected speech. “As a civil liberties group we call on you uphold Hill’s First Amendment rights,” wrote Defending Rights & Dissent. “Firing, discipling, or taking other punitive measures against Hill for his political expression is absolutely unacceptable.” FIRE agrees, and we continue to monitor the situation. We again ask Temple to abide by its First Amendment obligations and make clear that it will not investigate or punish Hill’s protected expression. | Low | [
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Start Steam. Select the Library. Find Stronghold 3, right click it and select Properties. Select the Local Files tab. Here click the "Verify integrity of game cache" button. If Steam updates the game, one or more files were missing or damaged. You might like to "Defragment cache files" afterwards. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. Wolfman4GodArcher posted 12-22-11 17:25 EST (US) 28 / 43 I did both of the suggested, and steam did do the update, but the same thing still happens! Have you tried disabling your antivirus before letting doing the integrity check? If that does not work: Please tell the specifications for your computer, and if possible what patch version of the game you have. Please include the problem you have, Firefly checks this thread for bug reports so that will make it easier for them. Edit: SH3 has just been updated to version 1.7.25308 Although the patchnotes says nothing about your problem, try let the game update and then try if you can start it. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. I don't know if it's a bug but when i play any game mode on SH3 it takes ages to load then lags most of the way. And also my graphics on SH2 have changed. All this happened afetr installing steam and no i'm not uninstalling it. The Windows Experience Index gives my graphics card a (out of 7.9) 3.0 for game graphics and 2.0 for normal desktop. My computer guy recently changed it out and I thinks it may be a slow card. Also Steam isn't updating itself, it hasn't got past patch 1.6.24988. I would like to be able to at least play this game, its a good game, so I hope firefly and steam can iron it out. Run like heck, and earn your puke!Wolfman PCDaniaArcher (id: PCD) posted 01-11-12 14:55 EST (US) 32 / 43 In Windows Experience Index, click the blue text right under where the final total score is shown. Scroll down a bit and you should find your graphics card. My computer guy recently changed it out and I thinks it may be a slow card. Was the card changed under warranty and is your computer guy the one who sold you the card? If so he should give you a comparative card or the closes one that is better. What Steam goes try this: First disable your antivirus software, then start Steam, select the Library and then right click SH3 and select Properties. On the Updates pane, change the dropdown menu to "Do not automatically update this game", click Close, then go back and change the setting to "Allways keep this game up to date". This should make Steam update the game. If above does not work try the following: Go to the Steam folder and delete everything except for the steamapps folder and steam.exe. Then run steam.exe and it will install itself and make sure to update itself. Your games will still be there. When starting a game, Steam will re-activate it and should update it if necessary. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. Wolfman4GodArcher posted 01-17-12 23:44 EST (US) 33 / 43 OK, got it. NVIDIA GeForce PCX 5300 DirectX 9.0 or better. I'll try the update and see how that works. (Edit) Update didn't work, so I tried the delete and re-install, and I'm so glad that worked. So steam is updated! That was the good news, now the bad news is SH3 still doesn't work. SH1 and SHC do but not SH3. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. Wolfman4GodArcher posted 05-30-12 20:04 EST (US) 35 / 43 Well, I got a new card, a EVGA GTX 550, and now it runs perfectly on ultra. The only thing is that now that the 'Gold' edition has been released. It says that it includes a new campaign, a new multiplayer, and a new sandbox mode. I bought it before, so I have everything, BUT I can't find the sandbox mode. Where is that? P.S. This seemed like the right spot to post, since there might be an issue that prevented me from getting the sandbox mode. Run like heck, and earn your puke!Wolfman PCDaniaArcher (id: PCD) posted 05-31-12 03:12 EST (US) 36 / 43 I believe the Sandbox mode is called Free Build. If it doesn't show under Single Player, try verifying the game cache in Steam. How to:Start Steam and make sure you are Online.Select Library at the top.Right click Stronghold 3Select Properties and then the Local Files pane.Click the "Verify integrity of game cache" button.You might see a message in the taskbar saying that Steam has finished downloading Stronghold 3. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. Free build mode was already there. I did what you said and nothing changed. The idea of a sandbox is usually way different than a free build. Free build is where you must play normally without a mission. Sandbox is usually where you can place anything you want without limitations. Agree? Run like heck, and earn your puke!Wolfman PCDaniaArcher (id: PCD) posted 06-01-12 02:56 EST (US) 38 / 43 Yes, real Sandbox is where one can build to ones hearts content. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. Wolfman4GodArcher posted 06-05-12 09:40 EST (US) 41 / 43 So it seems as if firefly has lied to us. There is no "new" sandbox mode! That is outragous. At least tell us what is actually put in the upgrade! Nothing at all has changed in free build since I got the upgrade! I believe that firefly should change this right away! Lied is such a strong word. To Firefly, Free Build is their version of Sandbox. Another thing is that it's the marketing department at the publisher who makes those descriptions so you should place your anger at them and not Firefly. "Catsaretheonlyanimalsthatarebothuber,pwnsand1337atthesametime."-KingEuricBy reading this fine print your soul is now the exclusive property of HeavenGames. Wolfman4GodArcher posted 06-09-12 22:44 EST (US) 43 / 43 Sorry for that outburst, I am just saying that whoever did the description said that there would be a new mode. Nothing has changed in free build, not one thing.(other than the sweet bug fixes!) Also if firefly says that sandbox=free build, thats fine. I was just making sure what was said about the game was true. | Low | [
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Geraldine Monk Geraldine Monk is a British poet. She was born in Blackburn, Lancashire in 1952. Since the late 1970s, she has published many collections of poetry and has recorded her poetry in collaboration with musicians. Monk's poetry has been published in many anthologies, most recently appearing in the Anthology of 20th Century British and Irish Poetry. Life Monk was born into a working-class family and raised as a Roman Catholic, something she believes has had an important effect on her work. She was, she said, "Brought up with a parallel world of saints, angels, martyrs, the Holy Ghost and the Blessed Virgin Mary. No wonder I was so easily spooked. The ‘other world’ was a reality from birth." She left Lancashire at the age of 18, and moved to Leeds. In 1974 she moved to Staithes, Yorkshire and began to write. The British Electronic Poetry Centre's entry for Geraldine Monk says: "1967 escaped school. 1969 escaped factories. 1974 escaped Leeds. Moved to Staithes, North Yorkshire for 10 years of 'splendid isolation', some very odd jobs and increasing preoccupation with reading and writing poetry." In 1984 Monk moved to Sheffield, where she has lived ever since. Monk is married to the English artist and poet Alan Halsey. Monk and Halsey are, between them, proprietors of West House Books which has published and promoted a number of Monk's collections, as well as publishing the work of many other contemporary poets. Halsey has also provided visual art and book designs for several of Monk's books. Monk gained a B.A. Hons English Studies, Sheffield City Polytechnic in 1988, and between 1992 and 1995 was Visiting lecturer in Creative Writing & Communication Studies at Chesterfield College. Between 1992 and 1999 she was Creative Writer at St. Luke's Hospice. Poetry Monk's first pamphlet appeared in 1974, self-published under the imprint of Siren Press. From the mid-seventies onwards, her work was published by various small publishers, including Bob Cobbing's Writers Forum, and Peter Hodgkiss's Galloping Dog Press. From the start, and throughout her career, the importance of performance, and the sound of the spoken word has been a major part of Monk's poetry. She is regarded as an innovative, or experimental, poet. Her work incorporates song, found text, and material drawn from such sources as childhood games In 1994 she published the long poem 'Interregnum', which is an account of the ten men and women hanged for witchcraft at Pendle, Lancashire in 1612. 'Interregnum' includes themes of landscape, the relationship between the animal and human worlds, and patriarchal domination. The poem is seen as being in the tradition of political radicalism. Monk's most recent works, such as 'Escafeld Hangings', continue one of her themes of women in history, focussing in that case, on Mary Queen of Scots. Monk has increasingly collaborated with musicians in her performances and recordings. Monk's pamphlet publications, or publications in other media, are often brought together into larger books, such as 'Noctivagations' (2001), a selected volume of work written since the mid-1990s. For example, 'Noctivagations' includes the sequence ‘Songings’ (the subject of Monk’s collaboration with Martin Archer). This piece, according to Scott Thurston 'resonates with lyric moments of visionary power'. The volume 'Lobe Scarps & Finials', published in 2011 by Leafe Press is similarly a gathering of work published during the preceding period. This collection has been described as containing 'oppositions: between the individualism of lyric utterance and the political context in which it takes place; between the opacity produced by her densely patterned sounds ... and a plain-spoken brusqueness'. In 2003, Salt Publishing brought out Monk's 'Selected Poems', and in 2007 also published 'The Salt Companion to Geraldine Monk', a book of critical works on her poetry. Bibliography Scarlet Opening (Siren Press, 1974) Invasion (Siren Press, 1976) Long Wake (London Writers' Forum/Pirate Press, 1979) Rotations (Siren Press, 1979) Banquet (Siren Press, 1980) Spreading the Cards (Siren Press, 1980) La Quinta del Sordo (Writers' Forum, 1980) Tiger Lilies (Rivelin Press, 1982) Animal Crackers (Writers Forum, 1984) Herein Lie Tales of Two Inner Cities (Writers' Forum, 1986) Sky Scrapers (Galloping Dog Press, 1985) Quadraversals (Writers' Forum, 1990) Walks in a Daisy Chain (Magenta, 1991) The Sway of Precious Demons: Selected Poems (North and South, 1992) Interregnum (Creation Books, 1994) Dream Drover (Siren Press, 1999) Trilogy (Gargoyle Editions, 2000) Noctivagations (West House Books, 2001) Insubstantial Thoughts on the Transubstantiation of the Text (West House Books/The Paper, 2002) Marian Hangings (Gargoyle Editions, 2002) Mary Through The Looking Glass (Gargoyle Editions, 2002) Absent Friends (Gargoyle Editions, 2002) Selected Poems (Salt Publishing, 2003) She Kept Birds (Slack Buddha Press, 2004) A Nocturnall Upon S. Lucies Day Being The Shortest Day (Gargoyle Editions, 2004) Escafeld Hangings (West House Books, 2005) Ghost & Other Sonnets (Salt Publishing, 2008) Lobe Scarps & Finials (Leafe Press, 2011) Pendle Witch-Words (Knives Forks and Spoons Press, 2012) CUSP: Recollections of Poetry in Transition, ed. Geraldine Monk, (Shearsman Books 2012) THEY WHO SAW THE DEEP (Parlor Press, 2016) Monk also provided voice & words for the album Fluvium, collaborating with Martin Archer & Julie Tippetts. Electronics recorded at Telecottage, Sheffield, between January 2000 & March 2002, vocals & acoustic instruments recorded at The Sound Kitchen, Sheffield, between November 2001 and February 2002. The album is released by Discus Music (#discus14cd). References External links Geraldine Monk maps her poetry with where she has lived A comprehensive list of links to online Monk poems, essays, reviews, recordings West House Books Category:1952 births Category:Living people Category:English women poets | High | [
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New to Access Online? Need the quick-start on requesting accommodations? Click here for a step-by-step guide (.pdf) or click here to visit our video tutorials page! Follow the AAAC KU Today Why KU Apply » One of 34 U.S. public institutions in the prestigious Association of American Universities 44 nationally ranked graduate programs. —U.S. News & World Report Top 50 nationwide for size of library collection. —ALA 23rd nationwide for service to veterans —"Best for Vets," Military Times Companies posting jobs on SHiFT understand the value of a diverse workforce, including employees with disabilities. These companies are actively seeking your skills and abilities! Click here for more information on how you can get involved. | High | [
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Towards drug discovery for brain tumours: interaction of kinins and tumours at the blood brain barrier interface. Cancers of the brain are intrinsically more complicated to treat than systemic malignancies due to the unique anatomical features of the brain. The blood-brain barrier prevents chemotherapeutic agents from reaching brain neoplasms, and angiogenesis occurs as the metabolic needs of the tumour increase, thus further complicating treatment. The newly formed blood vessels form the blood-tumour barrier and are distinct from the blood-brain barrier in that they are more permeable. Being more permeable, these abnormal blood vessels lead to the formation of peri-tumoural edema, which is the cause of much morbidity and mortality associated with central nervous system neoplasms. While the cause of the increased permeability is unclear, kinins have been implicated in regulating the permeability of normal vasculature. Kinins are also known to exert many inflammatory actions affecting both normal and angiogenic blood vessels, as well as tumour cells. The vasodilatory and vascular permeabilizing effects of kinins, and particularly bradykinin and substance P, have been investigated with regard to delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to neoplastic brain tissue through both vascular barriers. In contrast, kinin receptor antagonists have been found to exert effects on tumour cells that result in decreased angiogenesis, tumour cell motility and growth. Thus, many recent patents describe kinin activity on brain vasculature, which may play an integral role in the development of treatments for malignancies in the central nervous system through amelioration of angiogenesis. In conjunction, patents that discuss the ability of kinins to decrease tumour cell migration and proliferation demonstrate that kinins may offer novel approaches to brain tumour therapy in the future. | High | [
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Golden Gate Bridge suicide barrier funding OK'd Published: Friday, June 27, 2014 3:11 p.m. CST Caption (AP Photo/Eric Risberg) FILE - In this file photo taken Tuesday, April 30, 2013, a sign is posted above a crisis counseling call box on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. On Friday, June 27, 2014, Golden Gate Bridge officials are expected to approve a funding package for a $76 million suicide barrier. SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — San Francisco's iconic Golden Gate Bridge moved a big step closer to getting an oft-debated suicide barrier after bridge officials on Friday approved a $76 million funding package for a net system that would prevent people from jumping to their deaths. The bridge district's board of directors voted unanimously in favor of the funding for a steel suicide net, which includes $20 million in bridge toll revenue. Federal money will provide the bulk of the remaining funding, though the state is also pledging $7 million. A tearful Dan Barks, of Napa, who lost his son, Donovan, to suicide on the bridge in 2008, said after the vote that he was almost speechless. "A lot of people have done so much incredible work to get this accomplished," he said. After the vote, he rose from his knees and shared a tearful embrace with Sue Story of Rocklin, whose son Jacob jumped off the bridge in 2010. "We did it, Dan! We did it! It's no longer the Bridge of Death anymore," she said. At least some of the money still requires additional approval. The bridge's board, however, has now taken its final step in adopting the net. "The tragedy of today is that we can't go back in time, we can't save ... the people who jumped off the bridge. But the good thing, with this vote today, we can vote in their memory," board member Janet Reilly said. "We will save many lives who have followed in their footsteps and that's what so extraordinary about today." The Golden Gate Bridge, with its sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay, has long been a destination for people seeking to end their lives. Since it opened in 1937, more than 1,400 people have plunged to their deaths, including a record 46 suicides last year, officials said. Officials have been discussing a suicide barrier on the bridge for decades. The bridge's board voted in 2008 to install a stainless steel net, rejecting other options, including raising the 4-foot-high railings and leaving the iconic span unchanged. Two years later, they certified the final environmental impact report for the net, which would stretch about 20 feet wide on each side of the span. Officials say it will not mar the landmark bridge's appearance. But funding for the project remained a major obstacle. A significant hurdle was overcome two years ago when President Barack Obama signed into law a bill making safety barriers and nets eligible for federal funds. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi of California in a statement Friday praised the bridge's board and Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, D-San Francisco, who has been a staunch supporter of a barrier. "The Golden Gate Bridge is a source of immense pride to San Francisco, but for too many families in our community, it has also been a place of pain," Peloisi said. "A suicide prevention barrier offers a critical second chance for troubled men and women acting on often impulsive suicidal thoughts. Together, we can ensure this magnificent landmark stands as a faithful companion for all San Franciscans, awing and inspiring visitors for generations to come." Kevin Hines, who miraculously survived his suicide attempt after jumping off the structure in 2000 at age 19, urged the board before its vote to "not let one more family sit in eternal pain, in perpetuity because of politics." He later broke down after the unanimous vote approving the funding. "I feel like a giant weight has been lifted off my shoulders, all of our shoulders. I feel free," Hines said. "I feel a sense of hope that I haven't had in a very long time. It's not over yet, we will be here until that net is raised and no more people die." Richard Gamboa of Sacramento, whose son, Kyle was among the 46 bridge suicides last year, said while Friday's vote is momentous, he's not done fighting. "It's not over for me. I'm going to keep coming here and urging them to get the barrier done. When I go on that bridge and look down and see that net there, then I will be at peace," Gamboa said. John Brooks, whose 17-year-old daughter, Casey, jumped from the rust-colored span in 2008, told the board Friday that he hopes that some measure is taken before the net is constructed to provide some kind of safety to everybody. "What I really don't want to see between now and the time it is done is more deaths," Brooks said. "That will be a cruel irony." Board members and San Francisco supervisors David Campos and London Breed both agreed that the sooner the barrier is built, the better. "We need to build it as quickly as we can," Campos said. Bidding on the job is expected to start next year, with completion of construction expected in 2018. | Mid | [
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Q: How can i get exactly 2 decimal position in python While writing a code I came around to a difficult situation, I have a float 2.467 But I need 2.4 only not 2.5 When I use roud() function it gives 2.5 Please help me with a code that how to get 2.4 from 2.47 A: >>> int(2.467 * 10) / 10.0 2.4 >>> int(2.47 * 10) / 10.0 2.4 | High | [
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Opinion: I'd trade 23 candidates for one sure winner By Peter Funt Friday Jun 21, 2019 at 4:09 PMJun 21, 2019 at 4:09 PM Is the bulging field of Democrats seeking the 2020 presidential nomination a sign of strength? Or is it a troubling indication that wresting the presidency from Donald Trump won't be as easy as it ought to be? At last count there were 23 "major" candidates including seven senators, four members of Congress, three mayors, two governors and a clutch of other hopefuls. The field has something for everyone: young, old, male, female, black, white, Latino, Asian, gay and straight. They have robust resumes, promising platforms and meaningful messages. And, believe it or not, there are 142 other Democrats who have filed as presidential candidates with the Federal Elections Commission, among them 89-year-old Mike Gravel, the former senator from Alaska. So what's the problem? Some Democrats think the field is too large, even for this early stage. In Iowa, where the actual process of selecting a nominee begins for real with the caucus Feb. 3, three out of four Democrats planning to participate believe some candidates should drop out now, according to polling by the Des Moines Register. As I see it, only three - Joe Biden, Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren - have a real chance at the nomination. Five others - Cory Booker, Pete Buttigieg, Kamala Harris, Amy Klobuchar and Beto O'Rourke - have long-shot status. The rest are just sucking up oxygen. This wouldn't be so bad if one of the three top candidates had the "it" factor of Barack Obama. Yes, Hillary Clinton was loved by her supporters in 2016, but she was widely disliked as well. Her only real challenger, Sen. Bernie Sanders, faced the same love-him or hate-him division. And the others? A dollar says you can't conjure up the names Lincoln Chafee, Martin O'Malley and Jim Webb. This time around, thinning the roster from 23 to, say, 10, would make it easier to debate - and free up space for lawn signs across Iowa - but it wouldn't change the bigger problem. The Democratic field is both crowded and flawed. Joe Biden is the early frontrunner but you have to wonder if that will hold considering age (he'll be 77 next year), baggage (his positions have changed on key issues over the course of a lengthy career, most recently on the Hyde amendment which bars the use of federal funds for all but a few abortions) and the gaffe gene (he is, after all, Joe being Joe). Bernie Sanders, who usually polls second, is a year older than Biden. He has also shifted on some issues such as gun control, and would spend half his time in a general election campaign explaining what it means to be a "democratic socialist." Sad to say, both "Sleepy Joe" and "Crazy Bernie" present soft targets for Donald Trump. A Biden campaign boils down to "Make America Normal Again," while the Sanders angle is "Make America More Liberal Again." These are not broad-based themes, and neither moves the presidency away from the control of aging, white males. Elizabeth Warren is a policy wonk, maybe to a fault, but her passion is unmistakable. Yet, she is not particularly effective on the stump, often getting bogged down in her own position papers. She could find herself with the type of negative polling that dashed Clinton's hopes. On my scorecard, the next five Democrats have equal or better profiles but lesser chances. Amy Klobuchar is tough, experienced and fluent on the issues. Pete Buttigieg is a genuine star, super slick in interviews and probably the most inspirational Democrat since Obama. Kamala Harris is charismatic and has broad support among black voters. Beto O'Rourke and Cory Booker have sparked pockets of interest with their high-energy stump styles. Still, the odds don't favor this group. Buttigieg is probably eight years away from a real shot at becoming the nation's first openly gay president. Harris has equivocated badly on straightforward questions, leaving some to wonder if she has the depth at this stage of her career to be president. Klobuchar, Booker and O'Rourke can't seem to find a lane that could carry them through the primary process. Which brings us back to the top three, any one of whom would make a fine president and all of whom should be able to defeat Trump. Then again, no Democrat in memory had a better chance of winning the presidency than Clinton, who was Trumped in the Electoral College. Democratic voters might hope that the first debates next week will clarify things. That's doubtful. Debating could speed the exit of some candidates who never really had a chance, but it's unlikely to change things at the top. As Republicans proved in 2016 with a field of 17, swaying opinion is difficult on an overcrowded stage, and this month's monstrosity will involve 20 of the 23 candidates plus five moderators. If you're worried about a repeat of 2016 and, like me, long for someone with more charisma and fewer drawbacks, then you're stuck with the words of Iowa playwright Meredith Willson in "The Music Man": "Ya got trouble, my friend." | Low | [
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Hayko Mko Hayko Mko (in ) was an Armenian comedian duo made up of Hayk Marutyan (known as Hayko) and Mkrtich Arzumanyan (known as Mko). They are best known from Kargin Haghordum and Kargin Serial, two popular comedy shows starring Hayko and Mko as main actors. Currently, they do not work together. Early years Hayko Hayko is Hayk Marutyan (), born 18 December 1976, Yerevan. From first through 7th grade he went to the School #83 and continued his education in Anania Shirakatsi Seminary, where he spent his 8th, 9th and 10th grades. From 1992-1997 he went to the State Engineering University. From 1995-2002 he was a member of the Armyansky Proyekt (Russian for Armenian Project) KVN team of the same university. Hayko worked for Sharm company from 1996 to 2002 as a scriptwriter, director. As an actor, he played in 220 volt, Valyur, Our Yard (1996), Our yard-2 (1998), Tuyn Kaset, Urish Kaset, Banda (2000), Komertsion nerkayatsum. Mko Mko is Mkrtich Arzumanyan (, born 10 August 1976, Gyumri. He went to School #23 and School #14 of Gyumri. From 1992-97 he went to the Gyumri branch of the State Engineering University. From 1995-1996 he played in university's, from 1997-2002 in Armyansky Proyekt (Russian for Armenian Project) KVN team. In 2002 Mko was included in the 21st century team of KVN and participated in a jubilee game in Moscow. From 1998-2002, he was a member of the Armyansky Proyekt (Russian for Armenian Project) KVN team of the same university. Mko worked for "Sharm" company from 1996 to 2002 as a scriptwriter. As an actor, he played in 220 volt, Valyur, Our Yard (1996), Our yard-2 (1998), Tuyn Kaset, Urish Kaset, and Banda (2000). The duo became very well-known with Kargin Haghordum (; Cool Program) that had a seven-year run from 2002 to 2009 as an Armenian comedy TV show airing in Armenia on the Armenia TV channel. It was one of the most popular and successful comedy shows in post-independent Armenian history. Works 1996: 220 Volts 1996: Vaylur 1997: Mer Bak 1998: Mer Bak-2I 2000: Tuyn kaset 2000: Urish kaset 2000: Banda 2003-2009: Kargin Haghordum 2007, 2008, 2009: 7.5 (in 2009, with 32 atam) 2007-2009: Kargin Multer 2010-2013: Kargin Serial 2011: Ala Bala Nica 2011: No Comment 2013-2015: Tnpesa (Mko only) 2014: Super Mother (Hayko only) 2015 "Showing of Love(Hayko only) 2016 " Run Away or Get Married " (Mko Only) 2016- "The Azizyans"(Hayko Only) References Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:Armenian male film actors Category:Comedy duos Category:20th-century Armenian male actors Category:21st-century Armenian male actors Category:Armenian male stage actors | High | [
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Ready to fight back? Sign up for Take Action Now and get three actions in your inbox every week. You will receive occasional promotional offers for programs that support The Nation’s journalism. You can read our Privacy Policy here. Sign up for Take Action Now and get three actions in your inbox every week. Thank you for signing up. For more from The Nation, check out our latest issue Subscribe now for as little as $2 a month! Support Progressive Journalism The Nation is reader supported: Chip in $10 or more to help us continue to write about the issues that matter. The Nation is reader supported: Chip in $10 or more to help us continue to write about the issues that matter. Fight Back! Sign up for Take Action Now and we’ll send you three meaningful actions you can take each week. You will receive occasional promotional offers for programs that support The Nation’s journalism. You can read our Privacy Policy here. Sign up for Take Action Now and we’ll send you three meaningful actions you can take each week. Thank you for signing up. For more from The Nation, check out our latest issue Travel With The Nation Be the first to hear about Nation Travels destinations, and explore the world with kindred spirits. Be the first to hear about Nation Travels destinations, and explore the world with kindred spirits. Sign up for our Wine Club today. Did you know you can support The Nation by drinking wine? Winters in Delhi are synonymous with smoke. Residents wake up in the morning and find that the roads disappear after 50 meters or so, with the tops of trees and office buildings concealed. The smog is often mistaken for seasonal mist. So it wasn’t the pollution itself that was surprising at the start of November last year, when visibility was poor for days, eyes reddened in the haze, people experienced chest pains, and ash entered their mouths when they tried to speak. Instead, it was the concentration of the pollutants, which on this occasion had escalated almost overnight. During the weekend of Diwali, an annual festival celebrated with lamps and fireworks across the country, India’s air quality was among the worst in the world. For days after, the absence of winds in Delhi meant that toxic particulates remained close to the ground. The smoke didn’t disappear.1 Ad Policy The air was stationary across New Delhi. Schools were closed, construction activity was halted for a week, and a power plant on the outskirts of the city was shut down. All through the first two weeks of November, people struggled to breathe, let alone drive in the streets—almost as if the city itself were steadily burning.2 And there were fires. In the villages of Punjab and Haryana, about 100 miles away from New Delhi, farmers were setting their fields ablaze. Rice season was over; the crops had been harvested. The leftover straw had to be disposed of quickly so that wheat could be grown during the winter. Delhi’s chief minister blamed these farmers for the smoke in the city. “Fireworks during Diwali marginally added to the pollution,” he said. “But other things inside Delhi did not drastically change. So the smog is mainly due to smoke from farm fires.”3 The insinuation that farmers in adjacent villages were more to blame for the crisis than the city’s residents was entirely in keeping with the way India’s economy has come to be organized. In theory, after India joined the global economy, benefits were to trickle down from city to village, but they seldom did; blame was to be admitted and apportioned equally, but more often than not, the most vulnerable paid the price. Well before 1991, the year free-market reforms were introduced in India, urbanity had deteriorated into a penchant for power and the indiscriminate use of natural resources. Independence in 1947 did not so much clear the way for decolonization: Cities, in a sleight of hand, replaced the Crown. Together with the retention of many Victorian-era laws, a system of Stalinist state subsidies and massive industrialization made sure that only one-sixth of India’s total population could flourish. Resources were already impaired by the strain of two world wars and at least a century of relentless colonial plunder. In a free republic, this process was accelerated to meet the needs of an expanding population. But the structure didn’t quite lose its imperial essence. Certain needs were still subordinate, certain regions systematically drained to support others.4 Globalization further sharpened this rift. Dams and industrial projects had already displaced countless rural communities and tribes, many of which had been deprived of their traditional modes of sustenance. State protection, to them, now became a dream. The market determined not just the net worth of an individual but also his or her self-image. Crop failure meant small farmers had no way to pay back their debts. Their success, too, stood for little in laissez-faire terms: Many farmers produced food they could scarcely afford to eat, thanks to commodity trading and the pressures of a booming urban middle class. From 2014 to ’15, India’s economy grew at a rate of 7.3 percent. The number of farmers committing suicide also went up in those years, by 41.7 percent—from 5,650 in 2014 to 8,007 in 2015.5 Cities, on the other hand, succumbed to different delusions. As land became more expensive and disposable incomes went up significantly, most urban inhabitants still identified as middle-class. They associated poverty not so much with a lack of resources as with their pre-1991 lives, when land was a little less scarce in the city, and goods and services a little more subsidized. More and more people migrated to the cities looking for work, so that competition grew fierce, public infrastructure crumbled, and questions of complicity were nullified. In the city, everyone was a victim. All hands were tied.6 It is hard not to view global warming as the outcome of modernization’s very success. The imperative to industrialize did not have the interests of the greater rural population in mind. It unsettled those very communities—small farmers, landless farm workers, nomads, artisans, fishermen, and aboriginal tribes—that depended directly on nature for their livelihoods, the very people who could have been at the helm of protecting the country’s air, water, land, and forests. Instead, they were co-opted into the belief that India could not develop by making environmental protection paramount. Their self-sufficient local economies were replaced by sporadic public handouts. Conservationists alienated them further after 1991, framing the struggle as a choice between the factory and the forest. Those who had borne the brunt of the degradation of natural resources in India were asked not to partake in its economic success. The environmental origins of many social conflicts still go unrecognized. Meanwhile, according to Sunita Narain, one of India’s leading environmentalists, the conservation movement is “making enemies of the very people whose interest it is working to protect.”7 All of Meera Subramanian’s interviews for her book A River Runs Again included the question “Do you have hope?” But halfway through her travels around the country, Subramanian admits, she realized that she ought to have been asking something else:8 I was using hope as a noun when I should have been using it as a verb, as something active and ongoing. I was using hope as a thing to be possessed, something you either had or lacked. Instead of asking, “Do you have hope?” I should have been asking, “Do you hope?”9 Without once interrogating the terms of her own optimism, Subramanian meets several entrepreneurs working to usher in a culture of organic farming; the “Rainman of Rajasthan,” who has inspired fresh approaches to water harvesting in an arid district; a woman advocating family planning in rural communities, while herself fending off parental pressure to get married; and a couple building enclosures to breed India’s endangered vultures. Her interviews with these people are faithfully recorded in the book. They all seem hopeful, perhaps because they found their calling very early in life. Rajendra Singh, the “rainman,” was “unduly influenced” as a child by a visitor who was a disciple of Gandhi; the young Rajendra aspired to make both the guest and Gandhi proud. Pinki Kumari dreamed of becoming a doctor in school, so her job teaching adults about birth control is a fulfillment of sorts: She sees herself now as a “social doctor.”10 The chapters in Subramanian’s book are named in Sanskrit—Prithvi (“earth”), Agni (“fire”), Ap (“water”), Vayu (“air”), Akasha (“ether”)—for the five elements of the physical world. Much effort is expended in proving how a veneration of each of these elements is intrinsic to the myths and beliefs of Indians. All societies have, historically and according to convenience, merged or differentiated between ritual and reality. Subramanian portrays this well in the story of the disappearing vultures. The Parsis are a community settled largely around the western coast of India. For centuries, they have disposed of their dead by laying the bodies out on top of stone towers—called Towers of Silence—for vultures to consume. With the vultures now gone, the corpses remain exposed on the towers for months at a time, decaying very slowly. Some towers have dealt with this problem by installing solar reflectors. Others in the community have partnered with conservationists to build aviaries for vultures.11 The rest of the stories in the book, however, are not so thoroughly pursued. Subramanian seems content with the guarded answers of her respondents, the neat epiphanies they claim to have experienced. Many of her observations—“the landscape is as silent as Rachel Carson’s unnamed town in Silent Spring”; “warm coffee did little to take the chill out of the air”—read like tin-eared interpolations. At best, they seem beside the point. In Rajasthan, a desert state, talk of the rains reminds her of images from Satyajit Ray’s Pather Panchali, “of men, women, and children tilting their heads back to let long-awaited waters drench them.” But Ray’s film is set in West Bengal, a state where heavy rainfall causes flooding in multiple areas every year; the climate is far from arid there. Rajasthan and West Bengal are geographically on opposite ends of the Indian landscape, much like California and New York in the United States. For the two states to seem similar, or reminiscent of each other, one must be looking from quite a distance.12 Frequently in A River Runs Again, Subramanian appears to have telescoped disparate realities. The gods and myths she brings up are predominantly Hindu, unrepresentative of the country’s diversity. This would have been less of a problem if the introduction didn’t assert, “This book is India’s story,” or if the subtitle had promised something more modest than India’s Natural World in Crisis from the Barren Cliffs of Rajasthan to the Farmlands of Karnataka. Is the town of Cherrapunji—once arguably the wettest place on Earth, but suffering now from frequent water shortages—too far to the east to qualify as “India’s story”? Is Chhattisgarh, a state where the rampant exploitation of tribal land and forests has led to an ongoing civil war, not relevant to the country’s environmental crisis? These omissions are glaring, not just because they reinforce the buoyant narrative that urban India likes to tell itself, but because they also end up rendering the issues of conservation as benign—and divorced from the country’s tumultuous past.13 When Subramanian is in Punjab, for instance, meeting farmers who are gradually turning away from pesticides and genetically modified seeds, there is a throwaway remark about a labor situation:14 I also heard about a general labor shortage in Punjab. The wealthy state has long been dependent on migrant workers coming from poorer regions of India, the equivalent of the Latino laborers who keep strawberries and lettuce on American dinner tables. As the economies of some states—such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Haryana—improved, the men stayed home to work, leaving Punjab with a shortage.15 The comparison to Latino laborers is, like the earlier mention of Silent Spring, not helpful in this context. Punjab is a state that doesn’t receive a lot of rain, but decades of resource concentration—free electricity, dams, and fertilizer support—transformed a traditionally pastoralist economy into an irrigated prototype that, by the 1970s, was generating much of India’s food surplus. But this selective improvement of production in a small state created a new class of have-nots: In larger states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, despite the fertile soils, peasants lost their lands due to piling debts. They went to Punjab as hired workers at a huge economic cost, a shift in social status that made them, among other things, vulnerable to riots and hate crimes. Punjab is a “wealthy state,” but in the last 10 years, it has been affected by unemployment and drug abuse. Most families have at least one addict, or one member who has left India looking for work.16 Ready to Fight Back? Sign Up For Take Action Now To point out these seemingly contradictory trends is not to dampen the optimism or the belief that a better future is possible; it is to deepen our understanding of the crisis. A response to India’s compromised ecology must also address historical and social inequalities; otherwise, there will be no lasting institutional change, and, as Subramanian does in her book, we’ll have to rely mystically on mavericks.17 Along these lines, the novelist Amitav Ghosh is concerned about how we think—or, rather, haven’t thought—about the probability of drastic changes to our climate and how to respond. Ghosh’s central thesis, in his recent polemic The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable, is that the project of modernity has expelled the idea of “the collective” from our imagination over the last 150 years. It did so by making obsolete the many older communal forms of storytelling—like fables, legends, and myths—and by implying that most of the events they described were unlikely to happen.18 The Flaubertian novel came into fashion as a result of this shift, and something similar, Ghosh argues, also occurred in the field of geology. Both disciplines have become emblematic of a worldview that perceives only slow, foreseeable change and misses completely the possibility of “short-lived cataclysmic events”:19 To introduce such happenings into a novel is in fact to court eviction from the mansion in which serious fiction has long been in residence; it is to risk banishment to the humbler dwellings that surround the manor house—those generic outhouses that were once known by names such as “the Gothic,” “the romance,” or “the melodrama,” and have now come to be called “fantasy,” “horror,” and “science fiction.”20 Much of this is inferred from a review by John Updike for The New Yorker back in 1988, in which a sense of “individual moral adventure” is said to distinguish novels from fables and chronicles. Literature—comprising primarily of “serious fiction” in Ghosh’s reckoning: novels that are reviewed in “highly regarded literary journals”—cannot persuasively imagine the unforeseeable consequences of a warmer world. This is also how, as in Subramanian’s book, personalities become more important than policies. Journalistic scrutiny can always be redirected to something private. Politics has become the sort of novel Updike might have liked: broad in principle, but relentlessly individual in practice.21 If we have yet to respond coherently to climate change, it is, in part, due to the 21st-century disenchantment with forms of collective decision-making. Democracy, in too many countries, has led to an impasse where power has been ceded, by ways both fair and foul, to a nexus of increasingly unrepresentative systems of employment and governance. The promise of interconnectivity in a globalized world turns out to have little to do with cooperation or a shared sense of community. To Ghosh, these “patterns of thought” are reflected in the text of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, the first part of which, across 18 pages, is awash with a sense of its own allusive potential. It consists, he writes, of “only two sentences, one of which runs on for no less than fifteen pages!” In a terrific move, Ghosh connects this style to the images of world leaders and industrialists embracing after the negotiations, as if they “could not quite believe that they had succeeded in reaching an agreement of such significance.” The treaty is too optimistic, Ghosh asserts: “the virtuosity of its composition is a celebration of its own birth.”22 Derangement can, of course, manifest in different ways. In India, it is recognizable in the pathology of denial. A month after the smog in New Delhi, India’s environment minister told the Parliament that there is no “credible” study to quantify the number of deaths caused directly by air pollution. Later, he conceded that air pollution “could be one of the triggering factors” for lung ailments.23 Meanwhile, according to a 2016 World Health Organization report, 10 of the world’s 20 most polluted cities are in India. Villages are being cleared around the country to build urban infrastructure and attract more corporations. There have been a few protests, one of them partly successful. But the government has also responded with violence. The national rhetoric, too, has changed over the years. Development has come to mean more than dams—the emphasis is now on creating more cities.24 It is hard not to view these circumstances as the outcome of modernization—indeed, as the outcome of modernization’s very success. The utopia of mass production and endless choices was meant only for the few. Democracy provided the illusion of individual redemption to more and more people in the last hundred years; perhaps decolonization had never been about bridging the gap. (Paradoxically, for all the suffering that they caused, empire and capitalism may have also delayed many of the effects of climate change by suppressing the growth of many Asian and African economies.) Ghosh believes that literature was especially expedient to such a fundamental reordering of the human consciousness. Through their trajectories of identity and the quest for personal authenticity, novels offered a “vision of the world as a secular church, where all the congregants offer testimony about their journeys of self-discovery.”25 Related Articles Ali Smith’s Novel of Disintegration Namara Smith Caught Between Modernity and Tradition Ratik Asokan Yet, to view the self in this way, as an idea inherently opposed to society, is also partial. Ghosh misses out on the enormous suffering that the collective has inflicted in the last two centuries, be it in the form of empire, religion, race, or the nation-state. If novelists have “shunned men (or women) in the aggregate” during this period, the shift can be attributed as much to the acceleration of carbon emissions and the development of an economic system “designed to produce isolation,” as to the simpler and starker truth that the collective is not an imaginative possibility anymore, but a horrific and inescapable reality. Individualism was a refusal, even during Enlightenment, to be dragged ceaselessly back into the past. Ghosh finds solace in Pope Francis’s clarity, and concludes the book by suggesting that “religious worldviews are not subject to the limitations that have made climate change such a challenge for our existing institutions of governance.” But religion has been complicit for long in the loss of human lives and habitats. The Catholic Church itself has enabled exploitation—both state and corporate. Besides, Ghosh’s notion of “self-discovery” is quite circumscribed. It seems to have no space for the kind of curiosities that propelled his own writing career to a large extent. Self-discovery is as much about discovering oneself as the “active and ongoing” way—in Subramanian’s words—in which we go about finding things for ourselves. The realization of the self is a central idea in post-industrial modernity, but in much of cultural modernism, the discovery itself is not as remarkable as the process. The modern novel is marked for that reason by a degree of self-effacement. Flaubert himself insisted that the author, “like God in the universe,” is everywhere present but nowhere visible in his work. Ghosh ignores the more perceptual aspects of being modern. He is interested in genres and themes:26 …when novelists do choose to write about climate change it is almost always outside of fiction. A case in point is the work of Arundhati Roy: not only is she one of the finest prose stylists of our time, she is passionate and deeply informed about climate change. Yet all her writings on these subjects are in various forms of nonfiction.27 Here, the “yet” is baffling—even if the implication is that there is something less imaginative about Roy’s nonfiction, or perhaps all nonfiction. It dilutes the “finest prose stylist” tag, given that Roy has published one novel (“imaginative”) so far, and four works of nonfiction (“not so imaginative”). In order to trust Ghosh’s indictments, one begins to doubt the sincerity of his praise. 28 We see this also when he says that the mere mention of climate change relegates a novel to the “generic outhouse” of science fiction. That science fiction is literary, and seriously read by critics and readers alike, is an argument that holds little water with him, because not many sci-fi novels are reviewed by the London Review of Books, The New York Review of Books, or the New York Times Book Review. Elsewhere, the absence of novels about climate change on literary-prize shortlists is enough for him to conclude that writers are not engaging with the crisis. These are vague generalizations. As with the Paris Agreement, the targets and assessments both feel wayward. Ghosh appears to be merely skimming the surface.29 The absence of novels about climate change is a constant refrain in The Great Derangement. Identifying the absence is only part of the problem: One should also consider what such a novel might look like. It is instructive that in Updike’s characterization of the novel as an “individual moral adventure,” Ghosh takes issue with the adjectives. He seems to share with Updike the confining sense that the novel is, when all is said and done, a story, an “adventure.” Ways of telling are not as important as the tale: A novel is distinguished by its aboutness. There is little room for doubt or prevarication in such a novel—little room, as it were, for imagination.30 An imaginative response to global warming may not even be in the form of a novel. It may be a poem, a play, an essay—we have to be open to multiple possibilities. The imagination cannot exclusively be the terrain of the novelist, just as development cannot only mean more dams and more cities. We must resist these convenient classifications before we can approach the unthinkable. Works of art must at the same time be allowed their autonomy and characteristic elusiveness. The artist’s allegiance is not to the theme of his work; his responsibility should continue to be to the work itself. Ghosh’s ire is understandable. The crisis is at our door. All the more reason, perhaps, not to substitute art for action.31 | Low | [
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Q: AceJump key bindings not working in org-mode My ace-jump-mode bindings don't seem to work when I'm editing in org-mode. This is how I define them in my .emacs. (progn (require 'ace-jump-mode) (define-key global-map (kbd "C-c SPC") 'ace-jump-mode) (define-key global-map (kbd "C-c C-c SPC") 'ace-jump-char-mode) (define-key global-map (kbd "C-c C-c C-c SPC") 'ace-jump-line-mode) ) Instead, when editing in org-mode, C-c SPC gives on the mini-buffer: Not in table data field ... with the other bindings also failing (in different ways). I would prefer to disable these bindings from the org-mode commands they are bound to as I don't use them (for the time being at least). If that's not possible, is it possible to instead only define alternative bindings for the ace-jump commands only when working in org-mode? In general what is the "proper" way of addressing such clashes? A: Global map keys get overridden by major-mode and minor-mode keymaps. There are a couple of ways to solve the problem specific to your case: Do not bind ace-jump-mode to C-c SPC. Instead bind it to something else that does not clash like C-c C-SPC. Many might recommend using this approach. If you use org-mode frequently, or might start using it frequently in future, you do not want your personal bindings clashing with the org-mode bindings :). As the C-c SPC in org-mode-map is overriding your binding in the global-map, you can bind that particular key in org-mode-map to nil. See here. (with-eval-after-load 'org (define-key org-mode-map (kbd "C-c SPC") nil)) Do not bind ace-jump-mode in global-map but in your own minor-mode map or using something like use-package package's bind-key* or bind-keys* macro. Above links are solutions to a prior question asked here on emacs.stackexchange, How to override major mode bindings?. A: This solution requires installing the bind-key package (available on Melpa and also installed as dependency if you install use-package). The concept of "context-aware" bindings is used here. The below code binds C-c SPC to org-table-blank-field in the org-mode-map; but only if org-at-table-p returns a non-nil value (i.e. when the point is inside an org table). You can learn more about context-aware bindings from here. (bind-keys :map org-mode-map :filter (org-at-table-p) ("C-c SPC" . org-table-blank-field)) I would even go ahead and bind almost all org-table specific bindings using this :filter arg: (bind-keys :map org-mode-map :filter (org-at-table-p) ("C-c ?" . org-table-field-info) ("C-c SPC" . org-table-blank-field) ("C-c +" . org-table-sum) ("C-c =" . org-table-eval-formula) ("C-c `" . org-table-edit-field) ("C-#" . org-table-rotate-recalc-marks) ("C-c }" . org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays) ("C-c {" . org-table-toggle-formula-debugger)) | Mid | [
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X-rays and visible light from the radio galaxy 3C31, located 240 million light-years from Earth. Calculating how fast such galaxies spin doesn’t need to take dark matter into account, according to a new paper. X-ray: NASA / CXC / Univ. of Bristol / M. Hardcastle et al; Optical: NASA / STScI Some 80 years after dark matter was first theorised, we still have no idea what it is. Now, a new study casts doubt on its existence altogether. According to the standard model of cosmology, the immense gravity of dark matter is crucial for explaining why galaxies can spin so fast without tearing themselves apart. But in work just accepted by Physical Review Letters, a team of American astronomers found a striking correlation between the visible matter (the stars and dust in galaxies) and its rotation speed. That means they can predict the rotation of galaxies – without invoking the dark stuff at all. {%recommended 889%} “Nothing in the standard cosmological model predicts this and it is almost impossible to imagine how that model could be modified to explain it, without discarding the dark matter hypothesis completely,” said David Merritt, an astrophysicist at Rochester Institute of Technology in New York and who was not involved in the research. Gravity at the level of the solar system is a piece of cake. Simple laws, written by Johannes Kepler in the 1600s, tell us that a planet’s orbital speed depends precisely on its distance from the sun. So while Mercury whizzes around the sun at an average of 47 kilometres per second, Pluto shuffles along at just a 10th that speed. The weird thing is, galaxies don’t behave this way at all – stars don’t slow the further they are from the galactic centre. In some cases, they speed up. According to our current understanding of gravity, stars at the edges of galaxies, such as our sun, should be flung out into deep space. In the 1970s the American astronomer Vera Rubin, picking up an idea pitched by Swiss astronomer Franz Zwicky a few decades before, suggested an answer: there must be extra matter in and around the galaxies – perhaps 10 times more than what we can see – holding everything together. But after 40 years of fruitless searching, some physicists think the hunt for dark matter has been a wild goose chase. {%recommended 1150%} In the new work, a team led by Stacy McGaugh at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio found a direct relationship between the distribution of regular matter in a galaxy and its speed of rotation. This distribution held, even for galaxies thought to be dominated by dark matter. McGaugh’s team pored over data from 153 galaxies collected by NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope. Imaging in the infrared, Spitzer can see both the stars and the immense clouds of dust between them – and these components allowed McGaugh’s team to calculate the mass of the visible matter in each galaxy more accurately than ever before. Then they compared these masses against the actual rotation speeds of each galaxy, which were clocked by astronomers for decades. Surprisingly, for dark matter advocates at least, the measurements showed a tight correlation. This means the team could look at a galaxy’s visible matter and predict its rate of spin. The relationship is strong enough to be termed a new law of nature, “a sort of Kepler’s law for rotating galaxies,” the authors write. The result was consistent over 2,693 data points across 153 galaxies with a huge variation in body shape – from dwarfs to giants, from spiral-armed or irregular beasts, some with central bulges and others without – all without accounting for dark matter. {%recommended 1936%} The question is, why? Perhaps our understanding of gravity is fundamentally wrong. One theory waiting in the wings is modified Newtonian dynamics which says that gravity behaves differently at very large distances. It has been successfully applied to galaxy rotation too. But it is far too early to throw dark matter out. For starters, there is plenty of evidence beyond galactic rotation that tells us dark matter must be out there. While McGaugh admits the findings could stem from modified gravity, it could also be telling us something about the nature of dark matter itself. For instance, the spread of dark matter and regular matter could be more intimately linked than previously thought. Besides, the new work shows correlation, rather than causation, but one that, in the words of the author, “demands explanation”. “Most importantly, whatever theory you want to build has to reproduce this,” says McGaugh. | Mid | [
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Background {#Sec1} ========== Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a large-scale international assessment organised by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) which measures 15-year-old students' mathematics, science, and reading literacy every 3 years. In each cycle, one domain of literacy from mathematics, science, and reading is emphasised. The first PISA survey was conducted in 2000, followed by the cycles of 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. In PISA 2012, the focus was on mathematics literacy. PISA seeks to measure how young adults approaching the end of compulsory schooling are prepared in meeting challenges of the modern knowledge societies (OECD [@CR41]). The assessment examines how these youth utilise their knowledge and skills in meeting real-life challenges, rather than mastering a specific subject or curriculum in school. In the 2012 cycle, East Asian countries consistently outperformed the rest of the world with Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Macau, and Japan being the top performing countries and economies (OECD [@CR41]). This great achievement arose world's attention on East Asian countries and their unique Chinese way of learning that contributed to the success (Ho [@CR18]; Li [@CR28]; Schneider and Lee [@CR46]; Stevenson and Stigler [@CR53]; Watkins and Biggs [@CR59]; Wong [@CR62]). Compared to the East Asian context, Malaysia participated in PISA assessment since 2009 but obtained disappointing results in PISA 2012. Despite the push to improve the education system, there is a decline in scores and Malaysia lagged behind other Southeast Asian countries such as Singapore, Vietnam, and Thailand (OECD [@CR41]). Malaysian students scored below the OECD average with 421 mean score in mathematics, 398 in reading, and 420 in science literacy, respectively. However, Singapore, a country neighbouring Malaysia managed to maintain as the top performer in most of the international assessments (OECD [@CR39]). Notably, Malaysia and Singapore have similarities in ethnicity, cultures, languages, and geographical location but have huge disparity in international assessment achievements (OECD [@CR41]). Overview of the education system in Malaysia and Singapore {#Sec2} ========================================================== Singapore and Malaysia have five levels of education system: pre-school education, primary education, secondary education, post-secondary education, and tertiary education with the 6 years of primary education and the 5 years of secondary education being the basic education (UNESCO [@CR58]). According to Malaysia's Education Act of 1996, primary education is made compulsory for children between the ages of 7+ and 12+. Students are required to sit for a national examination before going into secondary school, namely Primary School Evaluation Test (UPSR) for Malaysia and Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) for Singapore. PLSE determines the tracks of the students in secondary school, either normal or express track. Express track is a four-year course leading up to a Singapore-Cambridge general certificate of education ordinary-level (O-level) examination while normal track only leads up to a normal-level examination with the possibility of another year leading to O-level. In Malaysia, secondary education consists of lower and upper secondary for a period of 3 and 2 years, respectively. The assessments for lower and upper secondary of Malaysia are Form Three Assessment (PT3) and Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM), respectively. The mediums of teaching instruction are also different in both Singapore and Malaysia. The national language of Malaysia---Malay language is identified as the main language in teaching and learning, whereas Singapore chose the international language---English to be the teaching and learning medium though Singapore has four national languages: English, Malay, Chinese, and Tamil. It was only in 2002 Malaysia made English as the medium of instruction for science and mathematics teaching in both primary and secondary levels (Ismail and Awang [@CR20], [@CR21]). Objective {#Sec3} ========= The purpose of this study was twofold. First, examine the extent to which the affective characteristics of Malaysian and Singaporean students' attainment in terms of their mathematics self-efficacy, mathematics self-concept, instrumental motivation, intrinsic motivation, and mathematics anxiety compared to the OECD average in PISA 2012. Second, examine the influence of students' affective characteristics on mathematics performance after controlling student background factors in Malaysia and Singapore. Third, examine the influence of ESCS mean and proportion of boys at the school level on mathematics performance. Overall, this study attempts to address the following research questions.What are the affective characteristics of Malaysian and Singaporean students that are lower or higher than the OECD average?To what extent the student affective characteristics influence mathematics performance in Malaysia and Singapore?To what extent the ESCS mean and proportion of boys at the school level influence mathematics performance in Malaysia and Singapore? In this study, all the undertaken students' affective characteristics were capitalised from this section onwards for the ease of interpretation. The gender was then aggregated and termed as proportion of boys at the school level. The terminologies of construct and variable were used interchangeably in order to avoid confusion. Literature review {#Sec4} ================= Mathematics self-efficacy {#Sec5} ------------------------- Bandura ([@CR3])defined self-efficacy as belief in one's capacity to execute the courses of action. Deriving from Bandura's definition ([@CR3]), mathematics self-efficacy was defined as individuals' judgements of their capabilities to solve specific mathematics problems, perform mathematics-related tasks, or succeed in mathematics-related courses (OECD [@CR40]). For decades, self-efficacy beliefs have revealed positive relationship with academic performance (Martin and Marsh [@CR32]; Skaalvik and Skaalvik [@CR50]). Mathematics self-efficacy was reported as one of the stronger predictors of mathematics achievement (Stevens et al. [@CR52]). According to Bouffard et al. ([@CR5]), students with higher level of self-efficacy have been found to be more accurate in their mathematical computations and show greater persistence on difficult items than students whose self-efficacy is low. Milford ([@CR35]) supported that students with higher self-efficacy tend to have higher academic achievement. In PISA 2012, mathematics self-efficacy was operationalised as the extent to which students believe in their own abilities to tackle specific mathematical task. There were eight mathematics self-efficacy items with a 4-point Likert scale ranging from very confident to not at all confident in PISA 2012. The items were related to the level of confidence that students attain when dealt with the mathematics task. The sample item included "How confident do you feel about calculating how much cheaper a TV would be after a 30 % discount?" Mathematics self-concept {#Sec6} ------------------------ Literature review revealed that a positive association between mathematical self-concept and mathematics performance has consistently been found across different countries (Dai [@CR10]; Marsh and Hau [@CR30]; Marsh and Koller [@CR31]). Students with higher level of mathematical self-concept generally show greater engagement, persistence, and effort in tasks relating to mathematics and in turn perform better than students with lower level of mathematical self-concept. More to this point, studies have also found that positive academic self-concept and self-efficacy can facilitate students' engagement and motivation (Bong and Skaalvik [@CR4]). In PISA 2012, mathematics self-concept was operationalised as the extent to which students perceived their competence in mathematics. There were five mathematics self-concept items with a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree in PISA 2012. The items were related to the level of agreement in relation to their thinking about studying mathematics. Sample items included "I learn mathematics quickly" and "I have always believed that mathematics is one of my best subjects". Motivation {#Sec7} ---------- Motivation was regarded as one of the driving forces for better academic performance (OECD [@CR40]). There were two types of motivation, namely instrumental and intrinsic motivation in PISA 2012. Both constructs are central in self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci [@CR45]) and expectancy-value theory (Wigfield and Eccles [@CR61]). Instrumental motivation was defined as the drive to learn mathematics because students perceive it as useful to them and to their future studies and careers (Eccles and Wigfield [@CR12]). The intrinsic motivation was represented by mathematics interest in PISA 2012. Intrinsic motivation was defined as the drive to perform an activity mainly for the joy gained from the activity itself (OECD [@CR40]). The willingness to learn mathematics was due to the fact that they find mathematics interesting and enjoyable (Ryan and Deci [@CR45]). As such, previous studies claimed that intrinsic motivation increased the degree of student engagement in learning and subsequently improved their performance in mathematics (e.g., d'Ailly [@CR9]; Tavani and Losh [@CR55]). In PISA 2012, instrumental motivation was operationalised as students' responses to whether they believe mathematics was important for their future career. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation indicated by mathematics interest was operationalised as students' responses about whether they enjoy mathematics and work hard in mathematics because they enjoy the subject. The measures of instrumental motivation and intrinsic motivation in PISA 2012 database were phrased more specifically in the context of why mathematics was important. There were four instrumental motivation and intrinsic motivation items with a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree in PISA 2012, respectively. The items were related to the level of agreement about students' views on mathematics. Sample item of instrumental motivation included "Making an effort in mathematics is worth it because it will help me in the work that I want to do later on". Meanwhile, sample item of intrinsic motivation included "I look forward to my mathematics lessons". Mathematics anxiety {#Sec8} ------------------- Mathematics anxiety was regarded as negative reaction with a feeling of tension or fear when dealing with mathematics (Richardson and Suinn [@CR44]). Mathematics anxiety was found associated with students' perception of their mathematics performance (Meece et al. [@CR34]). A previous study conducted by Garry ([@CR14]) found that students who suffer from mathematics anxiety have less confidence in their ability to do mathematics (Garry [@CR14]). The earlier study by Hembree ([@CR17]) showed that mathematics anxiety seriously constrained performance in solving mathematical tasks and reduction in anxiety is positively associated with mathematics performance. It is likely that a student's mathematics anxiety is aroused when the student is called on to solve a mathematics problem (Ashcraft and Moore [@CR2]). In PISA 2012, mathematics anxiety was operationalised as students' responses to feelings of stress and helplessness when dealing with mathematics. There were five mathematics anxiety items with a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree in PISA 2012. The items were related to the level of agreement in relation to their thinking about studying mathematics. Sample items included "I get very tense when I have to do mathematics homework" and "I get very nervous doing mathematics problems". Overall, literature revealed that students who possess higher level of mathematics self-efficacy, mathematics self-concept, instrumental motivation, intrinsic motivation, together with the lower level of mathematics anxiety would outperform those who do not possess similar levels of these affective characteristics. ESCS {#Sec9} ---- Socioeconomic status (SES) was an individual or family's ranking on a scale based on their ability to access or control over products or services (Mueller and Parcel [@CR36]). Literature showed that high SES consistently has a positive impact on academic achievement regardless of the SES measures used (Sirin [@CR49]). McConney and Perry ([@CR33]) supported that attending a school that enrols primarily students from low socioeconomic backgrounds was found to have a negative relationship with their learning outcomes. Conversely, students from families with more advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds perform better than others (Perry and McConney [@CR42]; Stacey [@CR51]). In fact, Sirin ([@CR49]) found that student-level SES was one of the strongest predictors of academic achievement in a meta-analysis of 74 studies examining SES and academic achievement. Similarly, School SES composition was the aggregated measure of the social backgrounds of the students who attend a school (Milford, [@CR35]). Increases in school SES were consistently associated with substantial increase in mathematics achievement regardless of their individual SES (Hsu [@CR19]; Perry and McConney [@CR42]). A substantial number of international studies involving secondary data analyses have also suggested that the association between achievement and school SES was strong for all students (e.g., Milford [@CR35]; Shin and Slater [@CR47]). In PISA 2012, student-level SES was measured by the Index of economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS), a composite index of highest parental occupational status (HISEI), highest parental educational attainment (HISED), and home possessions which referred to the number of books at homes, home educational, and cultural possession (HOMEPOS). This index was derived from the students' responses to the items related to their parents' current jobs and educational status as well as the available number of the learning materials at home. As ESCS represented the student SES in PISA 2012; therefore, we averaged the ESCS scores of every student from a given school in calculating aggregated school-level ESCS in this study. The ESCS index was standardised in all OECD countries to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. Greater values represented more advantaged family backgrounds. A negative value implies that the ESCS was below the OECD average and a positive value means that was above the OECD average. Gender {#Sec10} ------ The influence of gender on mathematics performance is inconclusive (Friedman [@CR13]). Some studies informed gender has no significant influence on mathematics performance (e.g., Areepattamannil and Kaur [@CR1]; Callahan and Clements [@CR7]). Similarly, in a large-scale assessment context, the studies using the TIMSS 2003 database indicated that there were no significant gender differences in the overall mathematics achievement across 46 participating countries at fourth and eighth grades (Mullis et al. [@CR37]). On the other hand, previous studies have found that male students outperformed female students. For instance, Leachey and Guo ([@CR27]) found that male students have significantly higher scores than female students in the 11--13 age group. The earlier study by Ma ([@CR29]) supported male superiority in mathematics achievement. Similar results were found in PISA 2000 mathematics literacy with male students outperforming female students by 11 points across 43 participating countries (OECD [@CR38]). However, some studies showed that female students outperformed male students (e.g., Gilleece et al. [@CR15]; Tsai and Walberg [@CR57]). In this study, at the student level, female and male students were recoded as 0 and 1, respectively. Method {#Sec11} ====== Sampling design and data sources {#Sec12} -------------------------------- PISA used a two-stage stratified design sampling. First, schools having age-eligible students were sampled systematically with probabilities proportional to the school size, which is a function of the number of eligible students enrolled. Based on the selected schools, students around 15 years old were randomly selected. In this study, data used for the analysis were retrieved from the official PISA website (<http://www.pisa.oecd.org>). Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"} shows the sample of demographic characteristics in Malaysia and Singapore. The total student sample were 5197 and 5546 selected from 164 and 172 selected schools in Malaysia and Singapore, respectively. The gender ratio was fairly equal.Table 1Sample's demographic characteristicsCountryNumber of schoolsFemaleMaleMalaysia16427452452Singapore17227522794 Analysis procedures {#Sec13} ------------------- The analysis began with the comparison between the mean and standard error for the index of each construct, followed by investigation of the relationships between student and school-level variables and mathematics achievement using HLM 7.0 computer software. The HLM analysis was conducted to examine the influence of the five undertaken students' affective characteristics on mathematics performance after controlling student background factors, namely student gender and ESCS. The multilevel model building began with a null model. The null model contains only the dependent variables, namely mathematics performance in the form of five plausible values. The null model is used to compute Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) by decomposing the total variance into within-school variance and between-school variance with the formulae shown in Eq. [1](#Equ1){ref-type=""} (Raudenbush and Bryk [@CR43]).$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\text{ICC}} = \frac{{{\text{between school variance}}}}{{({\text{within}} - {\text{school variance}} + {\text{between}} - {\text{school variance}})}}$$\end{document}$$ The null models served as the baseline model compared to the results of the successive models (Raudenbush and Bryk [@CR43]). In this study, Model 1 consisted of two student background variables as control variables: gender and ESCS. Model 2 was developed by adding the five undertaken student level variables to the Model 1. Meanwhile, Model 3 was developed by adding two school-level variables, namely proportion of boys and ESCS mean to Model 2. Results {#Sec14} ======= Notably, a positive value on an index indicates that scores obtained in a particular country were higher than the OECD average, which in turn reflects that students in this country have more positive perceptions on the undertaken affective characteristics compared to the students from other OECD countries and vice versa for an index with negative value. The interpretation is relevant to the operationalisation of each affective characteristic as discussed in the previous section. Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type="table"} shows that both Malaysian and Singaporean students have significant higher levels of mathematics self-concept, instrumental motivation, and intrinsic motivation compared to OECD average. However, Malaysian students were found to have lower level of mathematics self-efficacy than OECD average. In contrast, Singaporean students have higher level of mathematics self-efficacy than OECD average. On the other hand, Malaysian students have higher level of mathematics anxiety than OECD average, whereas Singaporean students have lower level of mathematics anxiety than OECD average.Table 2Indices of students' affective characteristics of Malaysia and SingaporeCharacteristicsMalaysiaSingaporeMathematics self-efficacy−0.25 (0.02)0.47 (0.02)Mathematics self-concept0.11 (0.02)0.22 (0.02)Instrumental motivation0.53 (0.02)0.40 (0.02)Intrinsic motivation0.91 (0.02)0.84 (0.02)Mathematics anxiety0.38 (0.03)−0.10 (0.03)Mean scores and standard error (parentheses) were extracted from OECD [@CR40] Report (Volume II). All indexes were standardised to have a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1 across OECD countries Based on the HLM analysis, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed that 34 and 35 % of the total variance in mathematics was attributed to schools in Malaysia and Singapore, respectively. The results indicated heterogeneity in mathematics performance among schools existing in Malaysia and Singapore. Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type="table"} shows that Malaysian female students tend to perform better than male students in mathematics literacy. Malaysian students from higher ESCS have also performed better than those from lower ESCS in mathematics literacy. One standard deviation increase in ESCS was associated with 16-point increase in mathematics performance. For Singapore, gender did not have significant difference between male and female students on mathematics performance. However, for Singaporean students, one standard increase in ESCS was associated with an increase of mathematics performance of about 27 points. The between-school variance explained for Malaysia was found slightly higher than Singapore with 31 % compared to Singapore of about 28 %. However, Singapore has higher within-school variance explained compared to Malaysia of about 7 and 4 %, respectively.Table 3Results of multilevel analysisMalaysiaSingaporeModel 1Model 2Final modelModel 1Model 2Final modelCoefficientSECoefficientSECoefficientSECoefficientSECoefficientSECoefficientSEIntercept415.054.81414.104.73417.893.54563.854.96567.083.55566.973.41Student background factors Boys−3.81\*\*\*3.94−3.393.57−3.283.604.615.28−3.404.23−3.274.21 ESCS16.03\*\*\*2.3411.81\*\*\*2.117.61\*\*\*2.1727.11\*\*\*3.1314.28\*\*\*2.8414.32\*\*\*2.87School level factors Proportion of boys−19.1424.58−3.2021.61 ESCS mean48.45\*\*\*7.77−1.815.07Affective characteristics Self-efficacy25.14\*\*\*3.4425.17\*\*\*3.4336.97\*\*\*2.8536.98\*\*\*2.86 Self-concept−4.274.43−3.144.463.303.783.233.70 Instrumental motivation5.573.485.96\*3.47−12.67\*3.41−12.73\*\*\*3.38 Intrinsic motivation0.103.69−0.083.72−6.573.64−6.59\*3.64 Mathematics anxiety−14.30\*\*\*2.65−14.69\*\*\*2.76−21.78\*\*\*2.97−21.84\*\*\*2.96 Between-school variance1422.831211.76664.452301.011196.461192.38 Within-school variance3658.772741.942718.595824.304170.914170.18 Total variance5181.603953.703383.048125.315367.375362.56 Between-school variance explained31.35 %41.54 %67.94 %28.12 %62.63 %62.75 % Within-school variance explained4.20 %28.21 %28.82 %7.27 %33.59 %33.59 % Total variance explained13.75 %32.90 %42.58 %14.31 %43.40 %43.45 %For Malaysia, null Model: between-school variance = 2072.73, within-school variance = 3819.21, ICC = 0.35For Singapore, null Model: between-school variance = 3201.38, within-school variance = 6280.95, ICC = 0.34$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\text{Proportion of variance explained at the school level }} = \tau_{00} \left( {null} \right) - \tau_{00} \left( {model 1/model2/ model 3} \right)/\tau_{00} \left( {null} \right),$$\end{document}$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\text{Proportion of variance explained at the student level }} = \sigma^{2} \left( {null} \right) - \sigma^{2} \left( {model 1/model2/ model 3} \right)/\sigma^{2} \left( {null} \right)$$\end{document}$*ICC* intra-class correlation coefficient\*\*\* *p* \< .01, \* *p* \< .10 Model 2 shows the influence of the five selected students' affective characteristics on mathematics performance after controlling student gender and ESCS. Mathematics self-concept, instrumental and intrinsic motivation did not have significant effects on Malaysian students' mathematics performance in PISA 2012. The results showed that only mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety have significant effects on mathematics performance for the Malaysian model. One standard deviation increase in mathematics self-efficacy was associated with 25 points increase in mathematics performance. Meanwhile, one standard deviation increase in mathematics anxiety was associated with a decrease in mathematics performance of about 14 points. The mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety variables explained about 41 % of between-school variance and 28 % of within-school variance. Compared to the Malaysian model, Singaporean students' mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety have relatively higher effects on mathematics performance. One standard deviation increase in mathematics self-efficacy was associated with 37 points increase in mathematics performance, whereas one standard deviation increase in mathematics anxiety was associated with 22 points decrease in mathematics performance. In addition, instrumental motivation had negative and significant effects on mathematics performance. One standard deviation increase in instrumental motivation was associated with a decrease in mathematics performance of about 13 points. These three student-level variables contributed about 63 and 34 % of between-school variance and within-school variance, respectively. The final model showed the influence of two school level variables, namely ESCS mean and proportion of boys after controlling the student background factors and the selected students' affective characteristics. For the final Malaysian model, mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety remained having significant effects on mathematics performance. ESCS mean at the school level had positive and significant effect on mathematics performance with one standard deviation increase in ESCS mean associated with an increase in mathematics performance of about 48 points. Proportion of boys at the school level did not have significant effect on mathematics performance. The final model explained about 68 and 29 % of between-school and within-school variance, respectively. For the final Singaporean model, mathematics self-efficacy, instrumental motivation, and mathematics anxiety remained having significant effects on mathematics performance. Intrinsic motivation had negative and significant effect on mathematics performance with one standard deviation increase in intrinsic motivation associated with a decrease in mathematics performance of about 22 points. Different from the Malaysian final model, ESCS mean at the school level did not have significant effect on mathematics performance in the final Singaporean model. As such, it is expected that the between-school variance and within-school variance in Model 3 were not much different from Model 2. The final Singaporean model explained about 63 and 34 % of between-school and within-school variance, respectively. Overall, both the final Malaysian and Singaporean models contributed about 43 % of total variance explained on mathematics performance. Discussion and conclusion {#Sec15} ========================= Despite certain similarities in social cultural context and geographical location, the wide performance gap between Malaysia and Singapore in PISA 2012 has prompted this study to examine the mathematics performance in PISA between these two countries. The findings reflected that both Malaysian and Singapore students enjoyed learning mathematics and students believe that mathematics is important for their future careers in addition to perceive their mathematics competency positively. The findings supported the previous studies (e.g., d'Ailly [@CR9]; Tavani and Losh [@CR55]) with the positive relationship between motivation and mathematics performance. The current findings with the positive students' perception of their competence in mathematics in both Malaysia and Singapore have also been found consistent with the studies conducted by Hembree ([@CR17]) and Garry ([@CR14]). However, Singaporean students have higher ability to solve a range of pure and applied mathematics problems, hence explain the outstanding mathematics performance compared to Malaysian students with the relative lower level of mathematics self-efficacy. For Singaporean students, their outstanding performance in mathematics literacy could be further explained by their lesser feelings of stress and helplessness when dealing with mathematics. In this regard, higher levels of anxiety and stress in learning mathematics among the Malaysian students could be related to their underperformed results. The findings further supported that "Mathematics anxiety is a significant impediment to mathematics achievement" as claimed by Ashcraft and Moore ([@CR2]). In a related vein, it is important to highlight that medium of instruction has impact on students' mathematics, performance (Klein et al. [@CR23]; Launio [@CR26]). Since 1970s, the medium of instruction in the primary and secondary mathematics subject is English language in Singapore until present (Woo, public communication, August 28, 2015). Unlike Singapore, the national language in Malaysia is Malay language. Malay language is the medium of instruction in the mathematics subject until 2002. Therefore, one of the possible reasons to explain the higher level of mathematics anxiety of Malaysian students could be due to the changes of medium of instruction, especially during the transition period of the implementation of English language as the medium of instruction in all government schools except international schools since 2002. A declining performance in both subjects in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 could be another evidence to support that mathematics anxiety does exist among the Malaysian students due to the language change in the mathematics subject. The medium of instruction in mathematics and science subjects was changed back to Malay language in 2012 in line with a new education policy. Another reason to explain the disparity of mathematics performance in PISA 2012 between Malaysia and Singapore could be due to the different levels of mathematics self-efficacy that students attained. The HLM findings of this study have supported this point of view based on the positive relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics performance in both countries. Singaporean students have revealed different results from the literature with the lesser the Instrumental and intrinsic motivation, the better the mathematics performance they might have. Such 'odd' results could be associated with the issue of suppression effect between the student-level variables in hierarchical linear modelling (Darmawan and Keeves [@CR11]). Theoretical details of suppression effects could be referred to Darmawan and Keeves ([@CR11]) as well as Krus and Wilkinson ([@CR25]). In this study, it is likely that instrumental motivation is highly correlated with intrinsic motivation. The effect of instrument motivation on mathematics performance might suppress the effect of intrinsic motivation on mathematics performance. In addition, the complexity of mediating or moderating process between motivation and students' performance in mathematics literacy that involves possible moderators and mediators such as parental background and school environment could be further investigated with the insiders using qualitative approach (Coon et al. [@CR8]; Tian [@CR56]). Schools with higher or lower proportion of boys did not seem to influence Malaysian and Singaporean students' performance in mathematics. Despite the findings could be due to a well-agreed-on reason that gender differences are contextualised and vary across mathematics domains (Hsu [@CR19]), at least, the current findings inform the possible gender equality in mathematics performance in Malaysia and Singapore. The diversity in student socioeconomic background is considered as an influential factor of mathematics performance within-school in both Malaysia and Singapore. In this regard, parental education status and family socioeconomic background could contribute to explain their children performance in mathematics indirectly. The higher the level of parental education status and family socioeconomic background, the better the performance students attain. Different from Singapore, education opportunity with relatively high quality and equity seems not equally distributed for students from different socioeconomic backgrounds between Malaysian schools. Such findings are understandable as it is not easy to implement the education policies in Malaysia with a land area around 330 times larger and a population of six times more than Singapore (Jones [@CR22]). The difficulties of educational policies' implementation are much higher compared to Singapore. The findings of this study could be used to inform better classroom teaching practices. Teachers could modify or improve their instructional strategies with trainings and efforts to increase students' self-efficacy and motivation, hence reduce the level of anxiety in learning mathematics. This is because teachers' support is found preferring to display positive forms of motivation and academic accomplishments (Wentzel et al. [@CR60]). For policy implications, the findings further provide a possibility to reinvestigate the common practices of streaming the schools based on student academic performance in order to reduce the performance gaps between schools. However, the findings' interpretations served no causation because PISA 2012 data were cross-sectional in nature. This study was also limited to the student background questionnaire of affective characteristics in PISA 2012. The items of students' affective characteristics might be too general and therefore might not able to fully capture their perception of affective characteristics. In addition, it is rather difficult to have the content of each item being perceived and interpreted in the same way across groups from different contexts and cultural background (Täht and Must [@CR54]). In relation to this, measurement invariance approach could be employed to identify the items that convey the same meaning across groups prior to conduct the analyses between countries (Byrne [@CR6]). With respect to this concern, from a methodology perspective, measurement invariance across Malaysian and Singapore PISA dataset should be examined prior to further analysis to ensure a comparable and rigorous findings could be produced in future studies. As pointed out by Hattie ([@CR16]), students' mathematics performance does not depend on their affective characteristic per se, but other factors such as teaching approaches have also contributed to a large proportion of unexplained variance. The current findings could be cross-validated using data in the next cycles of PISA. Future studies can be conducted by using different methods such as classroom observation and interview to get deeper understanding of how students' socioeconomic background and their affective characteristics influence mathematics performance. It is worth to highlight that not all effects on students' outcomes are direct (Klieme [@CR24]). Overall, this study contributes to inform student socioeconomic status and their affective characteristics remain firmly entrenched as an important aspect of the schooling outcome, which concurrently informs education indicators at the system level. LMT participated in the development of the rationale for the study. LMT prepared the data for analysis and conducted the analyses. LMT and MYO drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements {#FPar1} ================ The authors would like to acknowledge SEAMEO Regional Centre for Science and Mathematics Education (RECSAM) for their continuing support in conducting research and symposium on International Large Scale Assessment such as Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Compliance with ethical guidelines {#FPar2} ================================== **Competing interests** The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | High | [
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34.5,
17.875
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Acute hemodynamic effects of indigo carmine in the presence of compromised cardiac function. This report describes the acute hemodynamic effects of indigo carmine in a surgical patient with compromised cardiac function. A 68-year-old woman with stable but severe cardiac dysfunction and renal artery stenosis was scheduled for an elective aortorenal bypass procedure. No hemodynamic instability occurred during the operation until the patient was administered intravenous (IV) indigo carmine 5 ml. At that time, the patient experienced an acute increase in afterload, which resulted in acute left ventricular failure documented by a decrease in cardiac output (CO) and an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Until further studies defining the mechanism for its hypertensive side effect are performed, indigo carmine should be used with caution in patients with severe cardiac dysfunction. | Mid | [
0.5990453460620521,
31.375,
21
] |
The Irish organic food market: shortfalls, opportunities and the need for research. In 2009 the Irish organic food market was forecasted to grow from €120 m to €239 m by 2013; however, recent figures set its value at just €90 m. An estimated 70% of this market is imported. Surveys of Irish consumers reveal that 66% of consumers prefer to buy local produce and most organic consumers are buying organic at supermarkets. This evidence reveals that Irish producers must trade at supermarkets, and promote 'local produce' to ensure their produce reach the majority of buyers. Seventy-eight % of organic rejecters state price and 21% state unawareness of the benefits as reasons for not buying organic. Many Irish consumers are buying organic food on the perceived belief that it is healthier, safer and tastes better; however, a review of studies on organic versus conventional foods in terms of health benefits, safety and sensory quality has shown that existing data is limited in scope and fails to show a clear trend. The review concludes with the need for a comprehensive study of a range of organic and conventional foods available to the Irish consumer in order to determine if differences in organic cultivation result in statistically significant differences in health linked compounds and sensory quality. | Mid | [
0.5889830508474571,
34.75,
24.25
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The clinical learning environment: nurses' perceptions of professional development in clinical settings. Although the complexity of the working environment of Registered Nurses has been acknowledged, the relationship between the social context of work and perceptions of professional development have not been systematically studied. This research was designed to identify and explore the attributes of effective learning environments in clinical settings. Following an initial exploratory study of perceptions and experiences of registered and student nurses, a conceptual framework was developed and tested. The findings of the study ware based on responses to a questionnaire (n = 516) which was developed as a tool for assessing organisational and social factors associated with perceived professional development in clinical settings. There was a significant and positive correlation between professional development and six independent variables: Autonomy and Recognition, Role Clarity, Job Satisfaction, Quality of Supervision, Peer Support and Opportunities for Learning. These variables accounted for almost 40% of the variance in perceived professional development. There were differences between hospitals and wards on most of the independent variables suggesting that some wards and institutions are more conducive to learning than others. The implications of the findings in terms of further research and practice are discussed. | High | [
0.676470588235294,
34.5,
16.5
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Théophile Marie Brébant Théophile Marie Brébant (24 May 1889 – 20 February 1965) was a French Army officer during World War I and World War II. He ended his career in 1946 with the rank of colonel. Career Brébant served from 23 July 1908 to 14 June 1946 in the French Army. During his career he belonged to the following regiments: 48th line infantry regiment 1st Foreign Regiment 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment 41st Infantry Regiment 146th Infantry Regiment fortress 117th Infantry Regiment During World War I, Brébant participated in the First Battle of the Marne and the Battle of Verdun. During the Second World War from 1939 to 1940, he participated in the Battle of France. Then he was a prisoner in Germany in Oflag IV-D (Hoyerswerda, Lower Silesia). Honour A street of Guingamp (France) is now called "Col. Brébant" to honour him. It is planned to name a street where a green space in his name at Le Mans (France). Awards Commander of the Légion d'honneur on 17 January 1952 Officer of the Légion d'honneur on 13 December 1938 Knight of the Légion d'honneur on 24 July 1918 French Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (1 bronze palm, 1 gilt star, 1 silver star, 1 bronze star) French Croix de guerre 1939-1945 (2 bronze palms) French Croix de guerre des TOE (1 silver star) French Croix du combattant Colonial Medal with bar "Morocco" Medal commemorating the war 1914–1918 World War I Victory Medal Medal commemorating the war of 1939–1945 with staple France Wounded military insignia with two red stars (wounded twice) Medal of La Marne Medal of Verdun Medal commemorating the Battle of the Somme (1940) Category:1889 births Category:1965 deaths Category:People from Guingamp Category:French Army officers Category:French military personnel of World War I Category:French military personnel of World War II Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany Category:French prisoners of war in World War II Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France) Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France) Category:Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur Category:Officers of the French Foreign Legion Category:Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Category:Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur Category:People of the Rif War | Mid | [
0.641791044776119,
32.25,
18
] |
{ '云南(25)': { '临沧市(2291)': { '镇康县(2293)': { '勐堆乡(11055)': '25_2291_2293_11055', '军赛乡(11057)': '25_2291_2293_11057', '勐捧镇(11053)': '25_2291_2293_11053', '忙丙乡(11054)': '25_2291_2293_11054', '木场乡(11056)': '25_2291_2293_11056', '凤尾镇(11052)': '25_2291_2293_11052', '南伞镇(11051)': '25_2291_2293_11051', '县城内(42143)': '25_2291_2293_42143' }, '永德县(2296)': { '亚练乡(11046)': '25_2291_2296_11046', '小勐统镇(11042)': '25_2291_2296_11042', '勐底农场(11050)': '25_2291_2296_11050', '崇岗乡(11048)': '25_2291_2296_11048', '班卡乡(11047)': '25_2291_2296_11047', '勐板乡(11045)': '25_2291_2296_11045', '乌木龙乡(11043)': '25_2291_2296_11043', '德党镇(11040)': '25_2291_2296_11040', '永康镇(11041)': '25_2291_2296_11041', '大山乡(11049)': '25_2291_2296_11049', '县城内(42146)': '25_2291_2296_42146', '大雪山乡(11044)': '25_2291_2296_11044' }, '耿马县(2297)': { '贺派乡(11071)': '25_2291_2297_11071', '孟定镇(11067)': '25_2291_2297_11067', '四排山乡(11068)': '25_2291_2297_11068', '大兴乡(11069)': '25_2291_2297_11069', '县城内(42147)': '25_2291_2297_42147', '勐撒镇(11066)': '25_2291_2297_11066', '芒洪乡(11070)': '25_2291_2297_11070', '华侨农场(11073)': '25_2291_2297_11073', '勐永镇(11065)': '25_2291_2297_11065', '孟定农场(11075)': '25_2291_2297_11075', '耿马镇(11064)': '25_2291_2297_11064', '勐简乡(11072)': '25_2291_2297_11072', '勐撒农场(11074)': '25_2291_2297_11074' }, '云县(2295)': { '幸福农场(11038)': '25_2291_2295_11038', '茂兰镇(11030)': '25_2291_2295_11030', '栗树乡(11036)': '25_2291_2295_11036', '涌宝镇(11029)': '25_2291_2295_11029', '忙怀乡(11033)': '25_2291_2295_11033', '爱华镇(11026)': '25_2291_2295_11026', '后箐乡(11037)': '25_2291_2295_11037', '茶房乡(11035)': '25_2291_2295_11035', '大寨镇(11032)': '25_2291_2295_11032', '幸福镇(11031)': '25_2291_2295_11031', '新城农场(11039)': '25_2291_2295_11039', '晓街乡(11034)': '25_2291_2295_11034', '大朝山西镇(11027)': '25_2291_2295_11027', '漫湾镇(11028)': '25_2291_2295_11028', '县城内(42145)': '25_2291_2295_42145' }, '双江县(3915)': { '大文乡(11061)': '25_2291_3915_11061', '沙河乡(11060)': '25_2291_3915_11060', '勐勐镇(11058)': '25_2291_3915_11058', '县城内(42148)': '25_2291_3915_42148', '邦丙乡(11063)': '25_2291_3915_11063', '忙糯乡(11062)': '25_2291_3915_11062', '勐库镇(11059)': '25_2291_3915_11059' }, '临翔区(2292)': { '博尚镇(11005)': '25_2291_2292_11005', '邦东乡(11011)': '25_2291_2292_11011', '忙畔镇(11004)': '25_2291_2292_11004', '凤翔镇(11003)': '25_2291_2292_11003', '南美乡(11007)': '25_2291_2292_11007', '圈内乡(11009)': '25_2291_2292_11009', '马台乡(11010)': '25_2291_2292_11010', '蚂蚁堆乡(11006)': '25_2291_2292_11006', '平村乡(11012)': '25_2291_2292_11012', '章驮乡(11008)': '25_2291_2292_11008' }, '沧源县(3916)': { '县城内(42149)': '25_2291_3916_42149', '勐来乡(11082)': '25_2291_3916_11082', '勐省镇(11078)': '25_2291_3916_11078', '班洪乡(11084)': '25_2291_3916_11084', '班老乡(11085)': '25_2291_3916_11085', '芒卡镇(11079)': '25_2291_3916_11079', '勐角乡(11083)': '25_2291_3916_11083', '岩帅镇(11077)': '25_2291_3916_11077', '勐省农场(11086)': '25_2291_3916_11086', '勐董镇(11076)': '25_2291_3916_11076', '单甲乡(11080)': '25_2291_3916_11080', '糯良乡(11081)': '25_2291_3916_11081' }, '凤庆县(2294)': { '诗礼乡(11022)': '25_2291_2294_11022', '洛党镇(11020)': '25_2291_2294_11020', '新华乡(11023)': '25_2291_2294_11023', '大寺乡(11024)': '25_2291_2294_11024', '三岔河镇(11014)': '25_2291_2294_11014', '雪山镇(11019)': '25_2291_2294_11019', '郭大寨乡(11021)': '25_2291_2294_11021', '县城内(42144)': '25_2291_2294_42144', '营盘镇(11017)': '25_2291_2294_11017', '腰街乡(11025)': '25_2291_2294_11025', '勐佑镇(11018)': '25_2291_2294_11018', '小湾镇(11016)': '25_2291_2294_11016', '鲁史镇(11015)': '25_2291_2294_11015', '凤山镇(11013)': '25_2291_2294_11013' } }, '曲靖市(2247)': { '沾益区(2256)': { '炎方乡(21307)': '25_2247_2256_21307', '县城内(42115)': '25_2247_2256_42115', '德泽乡(21311)': '25_2247_2256_21311', '播乐乡(21308)': '25_2247_2256_21308', '白水镇(21305)': '25_2247_2256_21305', '大坡乡(21309)': '25_2247_2256_21309', '西平镇(21304)': '25_2247_2256_21304', '菱角乡(21310)': '25_2247_2256_21310', '盘江镇(21306)': '25_2247_2256_21306' }, '陆良县(2253)': { '大莫古镇(5984)': '25_2247_2253_5984', '中枢镇(5983)': '25_2247_2253_5983', '小百户镇(5980)': '25_2247_2253_5980', '县城内(42112)': '25_2247_2253_42112', '龙海乡(5988)': '25_2247_2253_5988', '板桥镇(5987)': '25_2247_2253_5987', '马街镇(5979)': '25_2247_2253_5979', '芳华镇(5982)': '25_2247_2253_5982', '活水乡(5985)': '25_2247_2253_5985', '召夸镇(5986)': '25_2247_2253_5986', '三岔河镇(5981)': '25_2247_2253_5981' }, '罗平县(2255)': { '富乐镇(21263)': '25_2247_2255_21263', '老厂乡(21271)': '25_2247_2255_21271', '九龙镇(21264)': '25_2247_2255_21264', '马街镇(21262)': '25_2247_2255_21262', '阿岗镇(21265)': '25_2247_2255_21265', '钟山乡(21269)': '25_2247_2255_21269', '大水井乡(21266)': '25_2247_2255_21266', '旧屋基乡(21268)': '25_2247_2255_21268', '罗雄镇(21260)': '25_2247_2255_21260', '长底乡(21270)': '25_2247_2255_21270', '鲁布革乡(21267)': '25_2247_2255_21267', '板桥镇(21261)': '25_2247_2255_21261', '县城内(42114)': '25_2247_2255_42114' }, '富源县(2251)': { '县城内(42110)': '25_2247_2251_42110', '十八连山镇(21281)': '25_2247_2251_21281', '墨红镇(21277)': '25_2247_2251_21277', '营上镇(21273)': '25_2247_2251_21273', '大河镇(21276)': '25_2247_2251_21276', '竹园镇(21274)': '25_2247_2251_21274', '后所镇(21275)': '25_2247_2251_21275', '老厂镇(21279)': '25_2247_2251_21279', '古敢乡(21282)': '25_2247_2251_21282', '黄泥河镇(21280)': '25_2247_2251_21280', '中安镇(21272)': '25_2247_2251_21272', '富村镇(21278)': '25_2247_2251_21278' }, '会泽县(2252)': { '金钟镇(21283)': '25_2247_2252_21283', '大桥乡(21294)': '25_2247_2252_21294', '者海镇(21288)': '25_2247_2252_21288', '新街乡(21298)': '25_2247_2252_21298', '马路乡(21296)': '25_2247_2252_21296', '矿山镇(21287)': '25_2247_2252_21287', '田坝乡(21303)': '25_2247_2252_21303', '五星乡(21293)': '25_2247_2252_21293', '驾车乡(21302)': '25_2247_2252_21302', '上村乡(21301)': '25_2247_2252_21301', '鲁纳乡(21300)': '25_2247_2252_21300', '待补镇(21290)': '25_2247_2252_21290', '娜姑镇(21284)': '25_2247_2252_21284', '大海乡(21291)': '25_2247_2252_21291', '雨碌乡(21299)': '25_2247_2252_21299', '县城内(42111)': '25_2247_2252_42111', '迤车镇(21285)': '25_2247_2252_21285', '大井镇(21289)': '25_2247_2252_21289', '乐业镇(21286)': '25_2247_2252_21286', '老厂乡(21292)': '25_2247_2252_21292', '火红乡(21297)': '25_2247_2252_21297', '纸厂乡(21295)': '25_2247_2252_21295' }, '麒麟区(21034)': { '珠街乡(21241)': '25_2247_21034_21241', '城区(51701)': '25_2247_21034_51701', '东山镇(21240)': '25_2247_21034_21240', '沿江乡(21242)': '25_2247_21034_21242', '越州镇(21239)': '25_2247_21034_21239', '三宝镇(21238)': '25_2247_21034_21238', '茨营乡(21243)': '25_2247_21034_21243' }, '宣威市(2250)': { '倘塘镇(21321)': '25_2247_2250_21321', '板桥镇(21320)': '25_2247_2250_21320', '双河乡(21334)': '25_2247_2250_21334', '羊场镇(21319)': '25_2247_2250_21319', '杨柳乡(21333)': '25_2247_2250_21333', '得禄乡(21332)': '25_2247_2250_21332', '乐丰乡(21335)': '25_2247_2250_21335', '龙场镇(21325)': '25_2247_2250_21325', '文兴乡(21336)': '25_2247_2250_21336', '海岱镇(21324)': '25_2247_2250_21324', '田坝镇(21318)': '25_2247_2250_21318', '务德镇(21323)': '25_2247_2250_21323', '阿都乡(21337)': '25_2247_2250_21337', '龙潭镇(21326)': '25_2247_2250_21326', '宝山镇(21328)': '25_2247_2250_21328', '城区(51700)': '25_2247_2250_51700', '热水镇(21327)': '25_2247_2250_21327', '普立乡(21330)': '25_2247_2250_21330', '落水镇(21322)': '25_2247_2250_21322', '东山镇(21329)': '25_2247_2250_21329', '格宜镇(21317)': '25_2247_2250_21317', '来宾镇(21316)': '25_2247_2250_21316', '西泽乡(21331)': '25_2247_2250_21331' }, '马龙县(2249)': { '纳章镇(21248)': '25_2247_2249_21248', '县城内(42109)': '25_2247_2249_42109', '通泉镇(21244)': '25_2247_2249_21244', '旧县镇(21245)': '25_2247_2249_21245', '大庄乡(21250)': '25_2247_2249_21250', '月望乡(21251)': '25_2247_2249_21251', '马鸣乡(21249)': '25_2247_2249_21249', '王家庄镇(21247)': '25_2247_2249_21247', '马过河镇(21246)': '25_2247_2249_21246' }, '师宗县(2254)': { '葵山镇(21254)': '25_2247_2254_21254', '县城内(42113)': '25_2247_2254_42113', '彩云镇(21255)': '25_2247_2254_21255', '雄壁镇(21253)': '25_2247_2254_21253', '五龙乡(21258)': '25_2247_2254_21258', '丹凤镇(21252)': '25_2247_2254_21252', '高良乡(21259)': '25_2247_2254_21259', '龙庆乡(21257)': '25_2247_2254_21257', '竹基镇(21256)': '25_2247_2254_21256' } }, '楚雄州(2336)': { '大姚县(2342)': { '金碧镇(20868)': '25_2336_2342_20868', '龙街乡(20871)': '25_2336_2342_20871', '赵家店乡(20872)': '25_2336_2342_20872', '县城内(42182)': '25_2336_2342_42182', '铁锁乡(20878)': '25_2336_2342_20878', '昙华乡(20875)': '25_2336_2342_20875', '桂花乡(20876)': '25_2336_2342_20876', '湾碧乡(20877)': '25_2336_2342_20877', '三岔河乡(20873)': '25_2336_2342_20873', '三台乡(20879)': '25_2336_2342_20879', '石羊镇(20869)': '25_2336_2342_20869', '六苴镇(20870)': '25_2336_2342_20870', '新街乡(20874)': '25_2336_2342_20874' }, '姚安县(3917)': { '光禄镇(20860)': '25_2336_3917_20860', '适中乡(20865)': '25_2336_3917_20865', '前场镇(20861)': '25_2336_3917_20861', '大河口乡(20864)': '25_2336_3917_20864', '官屯乡(20867)': '25_2336_3917_20867', '县城内(42186)': '25_2336_3917_42186', '左门乡(20866)': '25_2336_3917_20866', '栋川镇(20859)': '25_2336_3917_20859', '太平镇(20863)': '25_2336_3917_20863', '弥兴镇(20862)': '25_2336_3917_20862' }, '南华县(2339)': { '沙桥镇(20851)': '25_2336_2339_20851', '红土坡镇(20850)': '25_2336_2339_20850', '县城内(42179)': '25_2336_2339_42179', '马街镇(20853)': '25_2336_2339_20853', '五街镇(20852)': '25_2336_2339_20852', '罗武庄乡(20855)': '25_2336_2339_20855', '雨露乡(20857)': '25_2336_2339_20857', '龙川镇(20849)': '25_2336_2339_20849', '五顶山乡(20856)': '25_2336_2339_20856', '兔街镇(20854)': '25_2336_2339_20854', '一街乡(20858)': '25_2336_2339_20858' }, '武定县(2341)': { '田心乡(20901)': '25_2336_2341_20901', '插甸乡(20900)': '25_2336_2341_20900', '高桥镇(20898)': '25_2336_2341_20898', '万德乡(20904)': '25_2336_2341_20904', '白路乡(20903)': '25_2336_2341_20903', '发窝乡(20902)': '25_2336_2341_20902', '狮山镇(20897)': '25_2336_2341_20897', '东坡乡(20907)': '25_2336_2341_20907', '己衣乡(20905)': '25_2336_2341_20905', '县城内(42181)': '25_2336_2341_42181', '猫街镇(20899)': '25_2336_2341_20899', '环州乡(20906)': '25_2336_2341_20906' }, '双柏县(2343)': { '大庄镇(20836)': '25_2336_2343_20836', '大麦地镇(20835)': '25_2336_2343_20835', '爱尼山乡(20840)': '25_2336_2343_20840', '安龙堡乡(20839)': '25_2336_2343_20839', '县城内(42183)': '25_2336_2343_42183', '妥甸镇(20834)': '25_2336_2343_20834', '独田乡(20841)': '25_2336_2343_20841', '鄂嘉镇(20838)': '25_2336_2343_20838', '法脿镇(20837)': '25_2336_2343_20837' }, '永仁县(2345)': { '莲池乡(20883)': '25_2336_2345_20883', '永定镇(20880)': '25_2336_2345_20880', '猛虎乡(20885)': '25_2336_2345_20885', '维的乡(20884)': '25_2336_2345_20884', '中和镇(20882)': '25_2336_2345_20882', '永兴乡(20886)': '25_2336_2345_20886', '县城内(42185)': '25_2336_2345_42185', '宜就镇(20881)': '25_2336_2345_20881' }, '元谋县(2338)': { '元马镇(20887)': '25_2336_2338_20887', '凉山乡(20895)': '25_2336_2338_20895', '物茂乡(20891)': '25_2336_2338_20891', '新华乡(20893)': '25_2336_2338_20893', '羊街镇(20889)': '25_2336_2338_20889', '江边乡(20892)': '25_2336_2338_20892', '平田乡(20894)': '25_2336_2338_20894', '老城乡(20890)': '25_2336_2338_20890', '县城内(42178)': '25_2336_2338_42178', '姜驿乡(20896)': '25_2336_2338_20896', '黄瓜园镇(20888)': '25_2336_2338_20888' }, '楚雄市(20817)': { '紫溪镇(20821)': '25_2336_20817_20821', '西舍路乡(20832)': '25_2336_20817_20832', '吕合镇(20822)': '25_2336_20817_20822', '东华镇(20823)': '25_2336_20817_20823', '树苴乡(20833)': '25_2336_20817_20833', '苍岭镇(20825)': '25_2336_20817_20825', '大地基乡(20831)': '25_2336_20817_20831', '三街镇(20826)': '25_2336_20817_20826', '东瓜镇(20820)': '25_2336_20817_20820', '子午镇(20824)': '25_2336_20817_20824', '中山镇(20828)': '25_2336_20817_20828', '大过口乡(20830)': '25_2336_20817_20830', '八角镇(20827)': '25_2336_20817_20827', '鹿城镇(20819)': '25_2336_20817_20819', '新村镇(20829)': '25_2336_20817_20829' }, '禄丰县(2344)': { '和平镇(20918)': '25_2336_2344_20918', '一平浪镇(20909)': '25_2336_2344_20909', '妥安乡(20921)': '25_2336_2344_20921', '仁兴镇(20911)': '25_2336_2344_20911', '高峰乡(20920)': '25_2336_2344_20920', '县城内(42184)': '25_2336_2344_42184', '土官镇(20916)': '25_2336_2344_20916', '恐龙山镇(20910)': '25_2336_2344_20910', '勤丰镇(20913)': '25_2336_2344_20913', '广通镇(20914)': '25_2336_2344_20914', '彩云镇(20917)': '25_2336_2344_20917', '碧城镇(20912)': '25_2336_2344_20912', '金山镇(20908)': '25_2336_2344_20908', '黑井镇(20915)': '25_2336_2344_20915', '中村乡(20919)': '25_2336_2344_20919' }, '牟定县(2340)': { '江坡镇(20844)': '25_2336_2340_20844', '蟠猫乡(20846)': '25_2336_2340_20846', '戌街乡(20847)': '25_2336_2340_20847', '共和镇(20842)': '25_2336_2340_20842', '安乐乡(20848)': '25_2336_2340_20848', '凤屯镇(20845)': '25_2336_2340_20845', '新桥镇(20843)': '25_2336_2340_20843', '县城内(42180)': '25_2336_2340_42180' } }, '西双版纳州(2332)': { '勐腊县(2335)': { '瑶区乡(11337)': '25_2332_2335_11337', '尚勇镇(11332)': '25_2332_2335_11332', '磨憨经开区(11338)': '25_2332_2335_11338', '关累镇(11334)': '25_2332_2335_11334', '勐腊镇(11328)': '25_2332_2335_11328', '勐伴镇(11333)': '25_2332_2335_11333', '易武乡(11335)': '25_2332_2335_11335', '勐满镇(11330)': '25_2332_2335_11330', '县城内(42177)': '25_2332_2335_42177', '勐仑镇(11331)': '25_2332_2335_11331', '象明乡(11336)': '25_2332_2335_11336', '勐捧镇(11329)': '25_2332_2335_11329' }, '勐海县(2334)': { '打洛镇(11318)': '25_2332_2334_11318', '布朗山乡(11324)': '25_2332_2334_11324', '西定乡(11327)': '25_2332_2334_11327', '勐宋乡(11325)': '25_2332_2334_11325', '勐海镇(11317)': '25_2332_2334_11317', '勐满镇(11321)': '25_2332_2334_11321', '勐阿镇(11322)': '25_2332_2334_11322', '勐遮镇(11320)': '25_2332_2334_11320', '勐往乡(11326)': '25_2332_2334_11326', '勐混镇(11319)': '25_2332_2334_11319', '格朗和乡(11323)': '25_2332_2334_11323', '县城内(42176)': '25_2332_2334_42176' }, '景洪市(2333)': { '景讷乡(11312)': '25_2332_2333_11312', '勐养镇(11308)': '25_2332_2333_11308', '旅游度假区(11316)': '25_2332_2333_11316', '勐罕镇(11307)': '25_2332_2333_11307', '勐旺乡(11313)': '25_2332_2333_11313', '景哈乡(11311)': '25_2332_2333_11311', '基诺乡(11314)': '25_2332_2333_11314', '工业园区(11315)': '25_2332_2333_11315', '普文镇(11309)': '25_2332_2333_11309', '嘎洒镇(11305)': '25_2332_2333_11305', '允景洪镇(11304)': '25_2332_2333_11304', '勐龙镇(11306)': '25_2332_2333_11306', '大渡岗乡(11310)': '25_2332_2333_11310' } }, '怒江州(2366)': { '兰坪县(2369)': { '金顶镇(11395)': '25_2366_2369_11395', '营盘镇(11397)': '25_2366_2369_11397', '兔峨乡(11402)': '25_2366_2369_11402', '啦井镇(11396)': '25_2366_2369_11396', '河西乡(11399)': '25_2366_2369_11399', '县城内(42203)': '25_2366_2369_42203', '石登乡(11401)': '25_2366_2369_11401', '通甸镇(11398)': '25_2366_2369_11398', '中排乡(11400)': '25_2366_2369_11400' }, '福贡县(2368)': { '上帕镇(11383)': '25_2366_2368_11383', '子里甲乡(11384)': '25_2366_2368_11384', '架科底乡(11385)': '25_2366_2368_11385', '石月亮乡(11387)': '25_2366_2368_11387', '匹河乡(11388)': '25_2366_2368_11388', '县城内(42202)': '25_2366_2368_42202', '马吉乡(11389)': '25_2366_2368_11389', '鹿马登乡(11386)': '25_2366_2368_11386' }, '贡山县(2370)': { '普拉底乡(11392)': '25_2366_2370_11392', '茨开镇(11390)': '25_2366_2370_11390', '县城内(42204)': '25_2366_2370_42204', '丙中洛乡(11391)': '25_2366_2370_11391', '捧当乡(11394)': '25_2366_2370_11394', '独龙江乡(11393)': '25_2366_2370_11393' }, '泸水市(2367)': { '古登乡(11382)': '25_2366_2367_11382', '六库镇(11374)': '25_2366_2367_11374', '鲁掌镇(11376)': '25_2366_2367_11376', '上江镇(11378)': '25_2366_2367_11378', '片马镇(11377)': '25_2366_2367_11377', '称杆乡(11381)': '25_2366_2367_11381', '洛本卓乡(11380)': '25_2366_2367_11380', '老窝镇(11379)': '25_2366_2367_11379', '县城内(42201)': '25_2366_2367_42201', '大兴地镇(11375)': '25_2366_2367_11375' } }, '丽江市(2304)': { '华坪县(2306)': { '中心镇(21378)': '25_2304_2306_21378', '荣将镇(21379)': '25_2304_2306_21379', '县城内(42155)': '25_2304_2306_42155', '船房乡(21385)': '25_2304_2306_21385', '通达乡(21383)': '25_2304_2306_21383', '新庄乡(21382)': '25_2304_2306_21382', '兴泉镇(21380)': '25_2304_2306_21380', '石龙坝乡(21381)': '25_2304_2306_21381', '永兴乡(21384)': '25_2304_2306_21384' }, '宁蒗县(2308)': { '西川乡(21399)': '25_2304_2308_21399', '金棉乡(21398)': '25_2304_2308_21398', '拉伯乡(21393)': '25_2304_2308_21393', '翠玉乡(21395)': '25_2304_2308_21395', '永宁乡(21394)': '25_2304_2308_21394', '蝉战河乡(21390)': '25_2304_2308_21390', '宁利乡(21397)': '25_2304_2308_21397', '新营盘乡(21391)': '25_2304_2308_21391', '烂泥箐乡(21392)': '25_2304_2308_21392', '西布河乡(21387)': '25_2304_2308_21387', '跑马坪乡(21389)': '25_2304_2308_21389', '县城内(42156)': '25_2304_2308_42156', '战河乡(21400)': '25_2304_2308_21400', '红桥乡(21396)': '25_2304_2308_21396', '大兴镇(21386)': '25_2304_2308_21386', '永宁坪乡(21388)': '25_2304_2308_21388' }, '古城区(21033)': { '金安乡(21342)': '25_2304_21033_21342', '金山乡(21345)': '25_2304_21033_21345', '金江乡(21346)': '25_2304_21033_21346', '城区(51704)': '25_2304_21033_51704', '七河乡(21343)': '25_2304_21033_21343', '大东乡(21344)': '25_2304_21033_21344' }, '永胜县(2307)': { '程海镇(21367)': '25_2304_2307_21367', '县城内(42157)': '25_2304_2307_42157', '片角乡(21373)': '25_2304_2307_21373', '仁和镇(21364)': '25_2304_2307_21364', '东山乡(21371)': '25_2304_2307_21371', '期纳镇(21365)': '25_2304_2307_21365', '六德乡(21370)': '25_2304_2307_21370', '三川镇(21366)': '25_2304_2307_21366', '光华乡(21374)': '25_2304_2307_21374', '涛源镇(21368)': '25_2304_2307_21368', '顺州乡(21377)': '25_2304_2307_21377', '松坪乡(21375)': '25_2304_2307_21375', '永北镇(21363)': '25_2304_2307_21363', '羊坪乡(21369)': '25_2304_2307_21369', '东风乡(21372)': '25_2304_2307_21372', '大安乡(21376)': '25_2304_2307_21376' }, '玉龙县(2305)': { '石鼓镇(21348)': '25_2304_2305_21348', '黎明乡(21354)': '25_2304_2305_21354', '黄山镇(21347)': '25_2304_2305_21347', '九河乡(21362)': '25_2304_2305_21362', '石头乡(21361)': '25_2304_2305_21361', '宝山乡(21358)': '25_2304_2305_21358', '鸣音乡(21360)': '25_2304_2305_21360', '大具乡(21357)': '25_2304_2305_21357', '太安乡(21352)': '25_2304_2305_21352', '塔城乡(21356)': '25_2304_2305_21356', '拉市乡(21351)': '25_2304_2305_21351', '鲁甸乡(21355)': '25_2304_2305_21355', '县城内(42154)': '25_2304_2305_42154', '奉科乡(21359)': '25_2304_2305_21359', '龙蟠乡(21353)': '25_2304_2305_21353', '巨甸镇(21349)': '25_2304_2305_21349', '白沙乡(21350)': '25_2304_2305_21350' } }, '昭通市(2270)': { '绥江县(3003)': { '新滩镇(10848)': '25_2270_3003_10848', '中城镇(10846)': '25_2270_3003_10846', '南岸镇(10847)': '25_2270_3003_10847', '县城内(42133)': '25_2270_3003_42133', '会仪镇(10849)': '25_2270_3003_10849', '板栗乡(10850)': '25_2270_3003_10850' }, '鲁甸县(3002)': { '茨院乡(10789)': '25_2270_3002_10789', '梭山乡(10794)': '25_2270_3002_10794', '火德红乡(10787)': '25_2270_3002_10787', '桃源乡(10788)': '25_2270_3002_10788', '小寨乡(10790)': '25_2270_3002_10790', '乐红乡(10795)': '25_2270_3002_10795', '水磨镇(10786)': '25_2270_3002_10786', '文屏镇(10784)': '25_2270_3002_10784', '龙头山镇(10785)': '25_2270_3002_10785', '新街乡(10793)': '25_2270_3002_10793', '龙树乡(10792)': '25_2270_3002_10792', '江底乡(10791)': '25_2270_3002_10791', '县城内(42132)': '25_2270_3002_42132' }, '巧家县(2278)': { '新店乡(10806)': '25_2270_2278_10806', '大寨镇(10797)': '25_2270_2278_10797', '老店镇(10801)': '25_2270_2278_10801', '金塘乡(10809)': '25_2270_2278_10809', '县城内(42130)': '25_2270_2278_42130', '蒙姑乡(10811)': '25_2270_2278_10811', '茂租乡(10803)': '25_2270_2278_10803', '药山镇(10799)': '25_2270_2278_10799', '白鹤滩镇(10796)': '25_2270_2278_10796', '马树镇(10800)': '25_2270_2278_10800', '中寨乡(10807)': '25_2270_2278_10807', '红山乡(10805)': '25_2270_2278_10805', '崇溪乡(10808)': '25_2270_2278_10808', '小河镇(10798)': '25_2270_2278_10798', '炉房乡(10810)': '25_2270_2278_10810', '包谷垴乡(10802)': '25_2270_2278_10802', '东坪乡(10804)': '25_2270_2278_10804' }, '彝良县(2276)': { '柳溪乡(10892)': '25_2270_2276_10892', '龙街乡(10883)': '25_2270_2276_10883', '角奎镇(10879)': '25_2270_2276_10879', '奎香乡(10884)': '25_2270_2276_10884', '钟鸣乡(10889)': '25_2270_2276_10889', '洛泽河镇(10880)': '25_2270_2276_10880', '龙安乡(10888)': '25_2270_2276_10888', '县城内(42128)': '25_2270_2276_42128', '两河乡(10890)': '25_2270_2276_10890', '牛街镇(10881)': '25_2270_2276_10881', '小草坝乡(10882)': '25_2270_2276_10882', '海子乡(10886)': '25_2270_2276_10886', '树林乡(10885)': '25_2270_2276_10885', '龙海乡(10891)': '25_2270_2276_10891', '洛旺乡(10893)': '25_2270_2276_10893', '荞山乡(10887)': '25_2270_2276_10887' }, '昭阳区(2271)': { '靖安乡(10778)': '25_2270_2271_10778', '大寨子乡(10774)': '25_2270_2271_10774', '大山包乡(10773)': '25_2270_2271_10773', '苏甲乡(10782)': '25_2270_2271_10782', '乐居乡(10780)': '25_2270_2271_10780', '小龙洞乡(10772)': '25_2270_2271_10772', '布嘎乡(10775)': '25_2270_2271_10775', '永丰镇(10768)': '25_2270_2271_10768', '北闸镇(10769)': '25_2270_2271_10769', '洒渔乡(10779)': '25_2270_2271_10779', '苏家院乡(10770)': '25_2270_2271_10770', '炎山乡(10781)': '25_2270_2271_10781', '守望乡(10776)': '25_2270_2271_10776', '青岗岭乡(10771)': '25_2270_2271_10771', '凤凰镇(10764)': '25_2270_2271_10764', '太平镇(10766)': '25_2270_2271_10766', '旧圃镇(10767)': '25_2270_2271_10767', '田坝乡(10783)': '25_2270_2271_10783', '龙泉镇(10765)': '25_2270_2271_10765', '盘河乡(10777)': '25_2270_2271_10777' }, '永善县(2273)': { '务基乡(10840)': '25_2270_2273_10840', '伍寨乡(10844)': '25_2270_2273_10844', '水竹乡(10842)': '25_2270_2273_10842', '县城内(42125)': '25_2270_2273_42125', '溪洛渡镇(10831)': '25_2270_2273_10831', '青胜乡(10839)': '25_2270_2273_10839', '大兴镇(10835)': '25_2270_2273_10835', '马楠乡(10841)': '25_2270_2273_10841', '茂林镇(10834)': '25_2270_2273_10834', '团结乡(10837)': '25_2270_2273_10837', '码口乡(10845)': '25_2270_2273_10845', '墨翰乡(10843)': '25_2270_2273_10843', '莲峰镇(10836)': '25_2270_2273_10836', '黄华镇(10833)': '25_2270_2273_10833', '桧溪镇(10832)': '25_2270_2273_10832', '细沙乡(10838)': '25_2270_2273_10838' }, '镇雄县(2272)': { '中屯乡(10867)': '25_2270_2272_10867', '罗坎镇(10860)': '25_2270_2272_10860', '塘房镇(10866)': '25_2270_2272_10866', '花山乡(10875)': '25_2270_2272_10875', '林口乡(10878)': '25_2270_2272_10878', '花朗乡(10869)': '25_2270_2272_10869', '芒部镇(10858)': '25_2270_2272_10858', '鱼洞乡(10868)': '25_2270_2272_10868', '雨河镇(10859)': '25_2270_2272_10859', '母享镇(10855)': '25_2270_2272_10855', '果珠乡(10877)': '25_2270_2272_10877', '碗厂乡(10873)': '25_2270_2272_10873', '以勒镇(10857)': '25_2270_2272_10857', '尖山乡(10870)': '25_2270_2272_10870', '坡头镇(10863)': '25_2270_2272_10863', '盐源乡(10872)': '25_2270_2272_10872', '黑树镇(10854)': '25_2270_2272_10854', '泼机镇(10853)': '25_2270_2272_10853', '乌峰镇(10851)': '25_2270_2272_10851', '杉树乡(10874)': '25_2270_2272_10874', '牛场镇(10861)': '25_2270_2272_10861', '五德镇(10862)': '25_2270_2272_10862', '木卓乡(10871)': '25_2270_2272_10871', '县城内(42124)': '25_2270_2272_42124', '赤水源镇(10852)': '25_2270_2272_10852', '大湾镇(10856)': '25_2270_2272_10856', '场坝镇(10865)': '25_2270_2272_10865', '以古镇(10864)': '25_2270_2272_10864', '坪上乡(10876)': '25_2270_2272_10876' }, '威信县(2279)': { '三桃乡(10902)': '25_2270_2279_10902', '林凤乡(10899)': '25_2270_2279_10899', '双河乡(10896)': '25_2270_2279_10896', '水田乡(10903)': '25_2270_2279_10903', '扎西镇(10894)': '25_2270_2279_10894', '高田乡(10897)': '25_2270_2279_10897', '长安乡(10900)': '25_2270_2279_10900', '庙沟乡(10901)': '25_2270_2279_10901', '县城内(42131)': '25_2270_2279_42131', '罗布乡(10898)': '25_2270_2279_10898', '旧城镇(10895)': '25_2270_2279_10895' }, '盐津县(2275)': { '兴隆乡(10816)': '25_2270_2275_10816', '豆沙镇(10814)': '25_2270_2275_10814', '柿子乡(10821)': '25_2270_2275_10821', '中和镇(10815)': '25_2270_2275_10815', '县城内(42127)': '25_2270_2275_42127', '牛寨乡(10819)': '25_2270_2275_10819', '普洱镇(10813)': '25_2270_2275_10813', '滩头乡(10818)': '25_2270_2275_10818', '盐井镇(10812)': '25_2270_2275_10812', '庙坝乡(10820)': '25_2270_2275_10820', '落雁乡(10817)': '25_2270_2275_10817' }, '大关县(2274)': { '翠华镇(10822)': '25_2270_2274_10822', '吉利镇(10824)': '25_2270_2274_10824', '寿山乡(10829)': '25_2270_2274_10829', '玉碗镇(10823)': '25_2270_2274_10823', '高桥乡(10830)': '25_2270_2274_10830', '天星镇(10825)': '25_2270_2274_10825', '木杆镇(10826)': '25_2270_2274_10826', '上高桥乡(10828)': '25_2270_2274_10828', '悦乐镇(10827)': '25_2270_2274_10827', '县城内(42126)': '25_2270_2274_42126' }, '水富县(2277)': { '两碗乡(10906)': '25_2270_2277_10906', '太平乡(10905)': '25_2270_2277_10905', '县城内(42129)': '25_2270_2277_42129', '向家坝镇(10904)': '25_2270_2277_10904' } }, '红河州(2318)': { '蒙自市(2324)': { '雨过铺镇(5950)': '25_2318_2324_5950', '鸣鹫镇(5953)': '25_2318_2324_5953', '期路白乡(5955)': '25_2318_2324_5955', '西北勒乡(5958)': '25_2318_2324_5958', '水田乡(5957)': '25_2318_2324_5957', '老寨乡(5956)': '25_2318_2324_5956', '新安所镇(5951)': '25_2318_2324_5951', '芷村镇(5952)': '25_2318_2324_5952', '冷泉镇(5954)': '25_2318_2324_5954', '草坝镇(5949)': '25_2318_2324_5949', '文澜镇(5948)': '25_2318_2324_5948', '县城内(42168)': '25_2318_2324_42168' }, '泸西县(2325)': { '白水镇(11143)': '25_2318_2325_11143', '县城内(42169)': '25_2318_2325_42169', '永宁乡(11146)': '25_2318_2325_11146', '三塘乡(11145)': '25_2318_2325_11145', '中枢镇(11139)': '25_2318_2325_11139', '金马镇(11141)': '25_2318_2325_11141', '午街铺镇(11140)': '25_2318_2325_11140', '旧城镇(11142)': '25_2318_2325_11142', '向阳乡(11144)': '25_2318_2325_11144' }, '绿春县(2323)': { '戈奎乡(11191)': '25_2318_2323_11191', '平河乡(11195)': '25_2318_2323_11195', '骑马坝乡(11190)': '25_2318_2323_11190', '大黑山乡(11189)': '25_2318_2323_11189', '三猛乡(11194)': '25_2318_2323_11194', '大兴镇(11187)': '25_2318_2323_11187', '牛孔乡(11192)': '25_2318_2323_11192', '半坡乡(11193)': '25_2318_2323_11193', '大水沟乡(11188)': '25_2318_2323_11188', '县城内(42167)': '25_2318_2323_42167' }, '红河县(2322)': { '三村乡(11173)': '25_2318_2322_11173', '洛恩乡(11167)': '25_2318_2322_11167', '乐育乡(11168)': '25_2318_2322_11168', '垤玛乡(11172)': '25_2318_2322_11172', '浪堤乡(11169)': '25_2318_2322_11169', '县城内(42166)': '25_2318_2322_42166', '迤萨镇(11161)': '25_2318_2322_11161', '车古乡(11170)': '25_2318_2322_11170', '石头寨乡(11162)': '25_2318_2322_11162', '甲寅乡(11165)': '25_2318_2322_11165', '架车乡(11171)': '25_2318_2322_11171', '阿扎河乡(11163)': '25_2318_2322_11163', '宝华乡(11166)': '25_2318_2322_11166', '大羊街乡(11164)': '25_2318_2322_11164' }, '建水县(2326)': { '青龙镇(11107)': '25_2318_2326_11107', '官厅镇(11105)': '25_2318_2326_11105', '普雄乡(11113)': '25_2318_2326_11113', '西庄镇(11106)': '25_2318_2326_11106', '曲江镇(11110)': '25_2318_2326_11110', '临安镇(11104)': '25_2318_2326_11104', '盘江乡(11115)': '25_2318_2326_11115', '坡头乡(11114)': '25_2318_2326_11114', '甸尾乡(11117)': '25_2318_2326_11117', '岔科镇(11109)': '25_2318_2326_11109', '面甸镇(11111)': '25_2318_2326_11111', '李浩寨乡(11112)': '25_2318_2326_11112', '县城内(42170)': '25_2318_2326_42170', '利民乡(11116)': '25_2318_2326_11116', '南庄镇(11108)': '25_2318_2326_11108' }, '金平县(2329)': { '大寨乡(11182)': '25_2318_2329_11182', '勐桥乡(11183)': '25_2318_2329_11183', '老勐乡(11185)': '25_2318_2329_11185', '金河镇(11174)': '25_2318_2329_11174', '老集寨乡(11176)': '25_2318_2329_11176', '者米乡(11186)': '25_2318_2329_11186', '勐拉乡(11181)': '25_2318_2329_11181', '县城内(42173)': '25_2318_2329_42173', '营盘乡(11184)': '25_2318_2329_11184', '金水河镇(11175)': '25_2318_2329_11175', '阿得博乡(11177)': '25_2318_2329_11177', '马鞍底乡(11179)': '25_2318_2329_11179', '铜厂乡(11180)': '25_2318_2329_11180', '沙依坡乡(11178)': '25_2318_2329_11178' }, '元阳县(2327)': { '南沙镇(11147)': '25_2318_2327_11147', '牛角寨乡(11149)': '25_2318_2327_11149', '黄草岭乡(11156)': '25_2318_2327_11156', '新街镇(11148)': '25_2318_2327_11148', '上新城乡(11151)': '25_2318_2327_11151', '县城内(42171)': '25_2318_2327_42171', '俄扎乡(11158)': '25_2318_2327_11158', '小新街乡(11152)': '25_2318_2327_11152', '攀枝花乡(11154)': '25_2318_2327_11154', '黄茅岭乡(11155)': '25_2318_2327_11155', '马街乡(11160)': '25_2318_2327_11160', '逢春岭乡(11153)': '25_2318_2327_11153', '大坪乡(11159)': '25_2318_2327_11159', '嘎娘乡(11157)': '25_2318_2327_11157', '沙拉托乡(11150)': '25_2318_2327_11150' }, '个旧市(2319)': { '保和乡(11096)': '25_2318_2319_11096', '鸡街镇(11090)': '25_2318_2319_11090', '卡房镇(11093)': '25_2318_2319_11093', '沙甸镇(11089)': '25_2318_2319_11089', '老厂镇(11092)': '25_2318_2319_11092', '大屯镇(11091)': '25_2318_2319_11091', '锡城镇(11088)': '25_2318_2319_11088', '贾沙乡(11095)': '25_2318_2319_11095', '蔓耗镇(11094)': '25_2318_2319_11094', '城区镇(11087)': '25_2318_2319_11087' }, '石屏县(2328)': { '龙朋镇(11121)': '25_2318_2328_11121', '坝心镇(11120)': '25_2318_2328_11120', '龙武镇(11122)': '25_2318_2328_11122', '牛街镇(11124)': '25_2318_2328_11124', '县城内(42172)': '25_2318_2328_42172', '异龙镇(11118)': '25_2318_2328_11118', '大桥乡(11126)': '25_2318_2328_11126', '哨冲镇(11123)': '25_2318_2328_11123', '宝秀镇(11119)': '25_2318_2328_11119', '新城乡(11125)': '25_2318_2328_11125' }, '河口县(2331)': { '县城内(42175)': '25_2318_2331_42175', '河口镇(11196)': '25_2318_2331_11196', '老范寨乡(11198)': '25_2318_2331_11198', '瑶山乡(11201)': '25_2318_2331_11201', '桥头乡(11200)': '25_2318_2331_11200', '南溪镇(11197)': '25_2318_2331_11197', '莲花滩乡(11199)': '25_2318_2331_11199' }, '开远市(2320)': { '羊街乡(5916)': '25_2318_2320_5916', '城区(51705)': '25_2318_2320_51705', '中和营镇(5914)': '25_2318_2320_5914', '大庄乡(5915)': '25_2318_2320_5915', '小龙潭镇(5913)': '25_2318_2320_5913', '碑格乡(5917)': '25_2318_2320_5917' }, '弥勒市(2321)': { '虹溪镇(11130)': '25_2318_2321_11130', '弥阳镇(11127)': '25_2318_2321_11127', '东山镇(11136)': '25_2318_2321_11136', '新哨镇(11129)': '25_2318_2321_11129', '县城内(42165)': '25_2318_2321_42165', '江边乡(11138)': '25_2318_2321_11138', '五山乡(11137)': '25_2318_2321_11137', '西三镇(11135)': '25_2318_2321_11135', '巡检司镇(11128)': '25_2318_2321_11128', '朋普镇(11132)': '25_2318_2321_11132', '西二镇(11134)': '25_2318_2321_11134', '竹园镇(11131)': '25_2318_2321_11131', '西一镇(11133)': '25_2318_2321_11133' }, '屏边县(2330)': { '白云乡(11101)': '25_2318_2330_11101', '新现乡(11098)': '25_2318_2330_11098', '和平乡(11099)': '25_2318_2330_11099', '新华乡(11102)': '25_2318_2330_11102', '玉屏镇(11097)': '25_2318_2330_11097', '湾塘乡(11103)': '25_2318_2330_11103', '县城内(42174)': '25_2318_2330_42174', '白河乡(11100)': '25_2318_2330_11100' } }, '玉溪市(2258)': { '华宁县(2260)': { '华溪镇(6563)': '25_2258_2260_6563', '青龙镇(6566)': '25_2258_2260_6566', '县城内(42116)': '25_2258_2260_42116', '盘溪镇(6565)': '25_2258_2260_6565', '通红甸乡(6567)': '25_2258_2260_6567', '宁州镇(6564)': '25_2258_2260_6564' }, '红塔区(2259)': { '城区(51702)': '25_2258_2259_51702', '春和镇(51900)': '25_2258_2259_51900', '洛河乡(5999)': '25_2258_2259_5999', '小石桥乡(5998)': '25_2258_2259_5998', '北城镇(51899)': '25_2258_2259_51899', '研和镇(51901)': '25_2258_2259_51901' }, '新平县(2266)': { '老厂乡(6610)': '25_2258_2266_6610', '建兴乡(6609)': '25_2258_2266_6609', '新化乡(6615)': '25_2258_2266_6615', '古城镇(6617)': '25_2258_2266_6617', '平甸乡(6612)': '25_2258_2266_6612', '戛洒镇(6608)': '25_2258_2266_6608', '者鼋乡(6618)': '25_2258_2266_6618', '桂山镇(6607)': '25_2258_2266_6607', '扬武镇(6616)': '25_2258_2266_6616', '漠沙镇(6611)': '25_2258_2266_6611', '水塘镇(6614)': '25_2258_2266_6614', '平掌乡(6613)': '25_2258_2266_6613', '县城内(42122)': '25_2258_2266_42122' }, '江川区(2264)': { '县城内(42120)': '25_2258_2264_42120', '九溪镇(6592)': '25_2258_2264_6592', '前卫镇(6594)': '25_2258_2264_6594', '大街镇(6590)': '25_2258_2264_6590', '安化乡(6596)': '25_2258_2264_6596', '路居镇(6593)': '25_2258_2264_6593', '江城镇(6591)': '25_2258_2264_6591', '雄关乡(6595)': '25_2258_2264_6595' }, '澄江县(2261)': { '县城内(42117)': '25_2258_2261_42117', '龙街镇(6571)': '25_2258_2261_6571', '阳宗镇(6572)': '25_2258_2261_6572', '海口镇(6569)': '25_2258_2261_6569', '右所镇(6573)': '25_2258_2261_6573', '九村镇(6570)': '25_2258_2261_6570', '凤麓镇(6568)': '25_2258_2261_6568' }, '通海县(2263)': { '里山乡(6588)': '25_2258_2263_6588', '杨广镇(6582)': '25_2258_2263_6582', '高大乡(6587)': '25_2258_2263_6587', '纳古镇(6585)': '25_2258_2263_6585', '兴蒙乡(6589)': '25_2258_2263_6589', '九龙镇(6584)': '25_2258_2263_6584', '县城内(42119)': '25_2258_2263_42119', '秀山镇(6581)': '25_2258_2263_6581', '河西镇(6583)': '25_2258_2263_6583', '四街镇(6586)': '25_2258_2263_6586' }, '易门县(2262)': { '县城内(42118)': '25_2258_2262_42118', '小街乡(6580)': '25_2258_2262_6580', '浦贝乡(6577)': '25_2258_2262_6577', '龙泉镇(6574)': '25_2258_2262_6574', '六街镇(6575)': '25_2258_2262_6575', '铜厂乡(6579)': '25_2258_2262_6579', '十街乡(6578)': '25_2258_2262_6578', '绿汁镇(6576)': '25_2258_2262_6576' }, '元江县(2265)': { '龙潭乡(6599)': '25_2258_2265_6599', '洼垤乡(6603)': '25_2258_2265_6603', '红河镇(6598)': '25_2258_2265_6598', '曼来镇(6604)': '25_2258_2265_6604', '羊街乡(6605)': '25_2258_2265_6605', '因远镇(6606)': '25_2258_2265_6606', '甘庄镇(6602)': '25_2258_2265_6602', '那诺乡(6601)': '25_2258_2265_6601', '澧江镇(6597)': '25_2258_2265_6597', '咪哩乡(6600)': '25_2258_2265_6600', '县城内(42121)': '25_2258_2265_42121' }, '峨山县(2267)': { '塔甸镇(6620)': '25_2258_2267_6620', '小街镇(6621)': '25_2258_2267_6621', '大龙潭乡(6625)': '25_2258_2267_6625', '县城内(42123)': '25_2258_2267_42123', '化念镇(6623)': '25_2258_2267_6623', '富良棚乡(6626)': '25_2258_2267_6626', '岔河乡(6624)': '25_2258_2267_6624', '双江镇(6619)': '25_2258_2267_6619', '甸中镇(6622)': '25_2258_2267_6622' } }, '大理州(2347)': { '大理市(20818)': { '大理镇(20923)': '25_2347_20818_20923', '银桥镇(20930)': '25_2347_20818_20930', '海东镇(20927)': '25_2347_20818_20927', '凤仪镇(20925)': '25_2347_20818_20925', '太邑乡(20933)': '25_2347_20818_20933', '经开区(20924)': '25_2347_20818_20924', '挖色镇(20928)': '25_2347_20818_20928', '上关镇(20932)': '25_2347_20818_20932', '下关镇(20922)': '25_2347_20818_20922', '喜洲镇(20926)': '25_2347_20818_20926', '湾桥镇(20929)': '25_2347_20818_20929', '双廊镇(20931)': '25_2347_20818_20931' }, '巍山县(2357)': { '南诏镇(20979)': '25_2347_2357_20979', '县城内(42195)': '25_2347_2357_42195', '马鞍山乡(20984)': '25_2347_2357_20984', '永建镇(20982)': '25_2347_2357_20982', '青华乡(20988)': '25_2347_2357_20988', '紫金乡(20985)': '25_2347_2357_20985', '巍宝山乡(20983)': '25_2347_2357_20983', '庙街镇(20980)': '25_2347_2357_20980', '牛街乡(20987)': '25_2347_2357_20987', '大仓镇(20981)': '25_2347_2357_20981', '五印乡(20986)': '25_2347_2357_20986' }, '南涧县(2359)': { '小湾东镇(20972)': '25_2347_2359_20972', '无量山镇(20973)': '25_2347_2359_20973', '拥翠乡(20976)': '25_2347_2359_20976', '乐秋乡(20977)': '25_2347_2359_20977', '碧溪乡(20978)': '25_2347_2359_20978', '公郎镇(20974)': '25_2347_2359_20974', '宝华镇(20975)': '25_2347_2359_20975', '南涧镇(20971)': '25_2347_2359_20971', '县城内(42197)': '25_2347_2359_42197' }, '宾川县(2354)': { '县城内(42192)': '25_2347_2354_42192', '钟英乡(20961)': '25_2347_2354_20961', '力角镇(20958)': '25_2347_2354_20958', '宾居镇(20955)': '25_2347_2354_20955', '乔甸镇(20960)': '25_2347_2354_20960', '大营镇(20957)': '25_2347_2354_20957', '鸡足山镇(20954)': '25_2347_2354_20954', '州城镇(20956)': '25_2347_2354_20956', '金牛镇(20953)': '25_2347_2354_20953', '拉乌乡(20962)': '25_2347_2354_20962', '平川镇(20959)': '25_2347_2354_20959' }, '洱源县(2352)': { '县城内(42190)': '25_2347_2352_42190', '邓川镇(21008)': '25_2347_2352_21008', '凤羽镇(21011)': '25_2347_2352_21011', '三营镇(21010)': '25_2347_2352_21010', '牛街乡(21013)': '25_2347_2352_21013', '茈碧湖镇(21007)': '25_2347_2352_21007', '炼铁乡(21014)': '25_2347_2352_21014', '右所镇(21009)': '25_2347_2352_21009', '乔后镇(21012)': '25_2347_2352_21012', '西山乡(21015)': '25_2347_2352_21015' }, '弥渡县(2350)': { '牛街乡(20970)': '25_2347_2350_20970', '苴力镇(20967)': '25_2347_2350_20967', '德苴乡(20969)': '25_2347_2350_20969', '县城内(42188)': '25_2347_2350_42188', '密祉乡(20968)': '25_2347_2350_20968', '新街镇(20965)': '25_2347_2350_20965', '寅街镇(20966)': '25_2347_2350_20966', '弥城镇(20963)': '25_2347_2350_20963', '红岩镇(20964)': '25_2347_2350_20964' }, '鹤庆县(2353)': { '金墩乡(21031)': '25_2347_2353_21031', '县城内(42191)': '25_2347_2353_42191', '六合乡(21032)': '25_2347_2353_21032', '松桂镇(21027)': '25_2347_2353_21027', '龙开口镇(21025)': '25_2347_2353_21025', '草海镇(21029)': '25_2347_2353_21029', '辛屯镇(21026)': '25_2347_2353_21026', '西邑镇(21030)': '25_2347_2353_21030', '黄坪镇(21028)': '25_2347_2353_21028', '云鹤镇(21024)': '25_2347_2353_21024' }, '云龙县(2351)': { '白石镇(20999)': '25_2347_2351_20999', '团结乡(21002)': '25_2347_2351_21002', '长新乡(21003)': '25_2347_2351_21003', '县城内(42189)': '25_2347_2351_42189', '诺邓镇(20996)': '25_2347_2351_20996', '检槽乡(21004)': '25_2347_2351_21004', '宝丰乡(21000)': '25_2347_2351_21000', '漕涧镇(20998)': '25_2347_2351_20998', '功果桥镇(20997)': '25_2347_2351_20997', '民建乡(21006)': '25_2347_2351_21006', '苗尾乡(21005)': '25_2347_2351_21005', '关坪乡(21001)': '25_2347_2351_21001' }, '漾濞县(2358)': { '瓦厂乡(20940)': '25_2347_2358_20940', '漾江镇(20935)': '25_2347_2358_20935', '县城内(42196)': '25_2347_2358_42196', '平坡镇(20936)': '25_2347_2358_20936', '顺濞乡(20939)': '25_2347_2358_20939', '太平乡(20938)': '25_2347_2358_20938', '苍山西镇(20934)': '25_2347_2358_20934', '龙潭乡(20941)': '25_2347_2358_20941', '富恒乡(20937)': '25_2347_2358_20937', '鸡街乡(20942)': '25_2347_2358_20942' }, '剑川县(2349)': { '甸南镇(21018)': '25_2347_2349_21018', '老君山镇(21017)': '25_2347_2349_21017', '羊岑乡(21021)': '25_2347_2349_21021', '县城内(42187)': '25_2347_2349_42187', '沙溪镇(21019)': '25_2347_2349_21019', '金华镇(21016)': '25_2347_2349_21016', '弥沙乡(21022)': '25_2347_2349_21022', '马登镇(21020)': '25_2347_2349_21020', '象图乡(21023)': '25_2347_2349_21023' }, '永平县(2356)': { '博南镇(20989)': '25_2347_2356_20989', '北斗乡(20993)': '25_2347_2356_20993', '杉阳镇(20990)': '25_2347_2356_20990', '龙门乡(20992)': '25_2347_2356_20992', '水泄乡(20995)': '25_2347_2356_20995', '县城内(42194)': '25_2347_2356_42194', '龙街镇(20991)': '25_2347_2356_20991', '厂街乡(20994)': '25_2347_2356_20994' }, '祥云县(2355)': { '普棚镇(20947)': '25_2347_2355_20947', '沙龙镇(20945)': '25_2347_2355_20945', '米甸镇(20950)': '25_2347_2355_20950', '下庄镇(20946)': '25_2347_2355_20946', '云南驿镇(20944)': '25_2347_2355_20944', '刘厂镇(20948)': '25_2347_2355_20948', '禾甸镇(20949)': '25_2347_2355_20949', '祥城镇(20943)': '25_2347_2355_20943', '东山乡(20952)': '25_2347_2355_20952', '县城内(42193)': '25_2347_2355_42193', '鹿鸣乡(20951)': '25_2347_2355_20951' } }, '迪庆州(4108)': { '香格里拉市(6823)': { '东旺乡(11412)': '25_4108_6823_11412', '小中甸镇(11404)': '25_4108_6823_11404', '洛吉乡(11409)': '25_4108_6823_11409', '上江乡(11407)': '25_4108_6823_11407', '县城内(42205)': '25_4108_6823_42205', '建塘镇(11403)': '25_4108_6823_11403', '虎跳峡镇(11405)': '25_4108_6823_11405', '尼西乡(11410)': '25_4108_6823_11410', '金江镇(11406)': '25_4108_6823_11406', '三坝乡(11408)': '25_4108_6823_11408', '五境乡(11413)': '25_4108_6823_11413', '格咱乡(11411)': '25_4108_6823_11411' }, '维西县(6825)': { '县城内(42207)': '25_4108_6825_42207', '永春乡(11427)': '25_4108_6825_11427', '保和镇(11422)': '25_4108_6825_11422', '攀天阁乡(11425)': '25_4108_6825_11425', '白济汛乡(11426)': '25_4108_6825_11426', '康普乡(11428)': '25_4108_6825_11428', '中路乡(11430)': '25_4108_6825_11430', '巴迪乡(11429)': '25_4108_6825_11429', '塔城镇(11424)': '25_4108_6825_11424', '维登乡(11431)': '25_4108_6825_11431', '叶枝镇(11423)': '25_4108_6825_11423' }, '德钦县(6824)': { '拖顶乡(11419)': '25_4108_6824_11419', '佛山乡(11416)': '25_4108_6824_11416', '霞若乡(11420)': '25_4108_6824_11420', '升平镇(11414)': '25_4108_6824_11414', '奔子栏镇(11415)': '25_4108_6824_11415', '云岭乡(11417)': '25_4108_6824_11417', '羊拉乡(11421)': '25_4108_6824_11421', '县城内(42206)': '25_4108_6824_42206', '燕门乡(11418)': '25_4108_6824_11418' } }, '文山州(2309)': { '文山市(2310)': { '平坝镇(11205)': '25_2309_2310_11205', '马塘镇(11206)': '25_2309_2310_11206', '薄竹镇(11209)': '25_2309_2310_11209', '新街乡(11212)': '25_2309_2310_11212', '喜古乡(11213)': '25_2309_2310_11213', '柳井乡(11211)': '25_2309_2310_11211', '古木镇(11204)': '25_2309_2310_11204', '小街镇(11208)': '25_2309_2310_11208', '德厚镇(11207)': '25_2309_2310_11207', '红甸乡(11216)': '25_2309_2310_11216', '开化镇(11202)': '25_2309_2310_11202', '秉烈乡(11215)': '25_2309_2310_11215', '东山乡(11210)': '25_2309_2310_11210', '追栗街镇(11203)': '25_2309_2310_11203', '坝心乡(11214)': '25_2309_2310_11214' }, '西畴县(2316)': { '县城内(42163)': '25_2309_2316_42163', '柏林乡(11233)': '25_2309_2316_11233', '莲花塘乡(11229)': '25_2309_2316_11229', '鸡街乡(11236)': '25_2309_2316_11236', '董马乡(11235)': '25_2309_2316_11235', '兴街镇(11231)': '25_2309_2316_11231', '蚌谷乡(11232)': '25_2309_2316_11232', '新马街乡(11230)': '25_2309_2316_11230', '西洒镇(11228)': '25_2309_2316_11228', '法斗乡(11234)': '25_2309_2316_11234' }, '丘北县(2317)': { '新店乡(11269)': '25_2309_2317_11269', '腻脚乡(11268)': '25_2309_2317_11268', '曰者镇(11263)': '25_2309_2317_11263', '锦屏镇(11261)': '25_2309_2317_11261', '八道哨乡(11264)': '25_2309_2317_11264', '县城内(42164)': '25_2309_2317_42164', '平寨乡(11266)': '25_2309_2317_11266', '天星乡(11265)': '25_2309_2317_11265', '双龙营镇(11262)': '25_2309_2317_11262', '温浏乡(11272)': '25_2309_2317_11272', '树皮乡(11267)': '25_2309_2317_11267', '舍得乡(11270)': '25_2309_2317_11270', '官寨乡(11271)': '25_2309_2317_11271' }, '富宁县(2315)': { '归朝镇(11292)': '25_2309_2315_11292', '板仑乡(11297)': '25_2309_2315_11297', '新华镇(11291)': '25_2309_2315_11291', '谷拉乡(11298)': '25_2309_2315_11298', '那能乡(11300)': '25_2309_2315_11300', '阿用乡(11302)': '25_2309_2315_11302', '木央镇(11296)': '25_2309_2315_11296', '剥隘镇(11293)': '25_2309_2315_11293', '者桑乡(11299)': '25_2309_2315_11299', '里达镇(11294)': '25_2309_2315_11294', '洞波乡(11301)': '25_2309_2315_11301', '花甲乡(11303)': '25_2309_2315_11303', '田蓬镇(11295)': '25_2309_2315_11295', '县城内(42162)': '25_2309_2315_42162' }, '麻栗坡县(2311)': { '杨万乡(11245)': '25_2309_2311_11245', '麻栗镇(11237)': '25_2309_2311_11237', '铁厂乡(11246)': '25_2309_2311_11246', '猛硐乡(11242)': '25_2309_2311_11242', '大坪镇(11238)': '25_2309_2311_11238', '八布乡(11243)': '25_2309_2311_11243', '马街乡(11247)': '25_2309_2311_11247', '下金厂乡(11241)': '25_2309_2311_11241', '天保镇(11240)': '25_2309_2311_11240', '董干镇(11239)': '25_2309_2311_11239', '县城内(42158)': '25_2309_2311_42158', '六河乡(11244)': '25_2309_2311_11244' }, '马关县(2314)': { '金厂镇(11255)': '25_2309_2314_11255', '篾厂乡(11260)': '25_2309_2314_11260', '县城内(42161)': '25_2309_2314_42161', '古林箐乡(11258)': '25_2309_2314_11258', '小坝子镇(11250)': '25_2309_2314_11250', '坡脚镇(11256)': '25_2309_2314_11256', '大栗树乡(11257)': '25_2309_2314_11257', '夹寒箐镇(11249)': '25_2309_2314_11249', '都龙镇(11254)': '25_2309_2314_11254', '马白镇(11248)': '25_2309_2314_11248', '八寨镇(11251)': '25_2309_2314_11251', '仁和镇(11252)': '25_2309_2314_11252', '南捞乡(11259)': '25_2309_2314_11259', '木厂镇(11253)': '25_2309_2314_11253' }, '砚山县(2312)': { '者腊乡(11225)': '25_2309_2312_11225', '蚌峨乡(11226)': '25_2309_2312_11226', '干河乡(11227)': '25_2309_2312_11227', '阿舍乡(11221)': '25_2309_2312_11221', '稼依镇(11219)': '25_2309_2312_11219', '盘龙乡(11223)': '25_2309_2312_11223', '江那镇(11217)': '25_2309_2312_11217', '阿猛镇(11220)': '25_2309_2312_11220', '八嘎乡(11224)': '25_2309_2312_11224', '维末乡(11222)': '25_2309_2312_11222', '县城内(42159)': '25_2309_2312_42159', '平远镇(11218)': '25_2309_2312_11218' }, '广南县(2313)': { '曙光乡(11285)': '25_2309_2313_11285', '底圩乡(11290)': '25_2309_2313_11290', '珠琳镇(11278)': '25_2309_2313_11278', '南屏镇(11275)': '25_2309_2313_11275', '篆角乡(11286)': '25_2309_2313_11286', '八宝镇(11274)': '25_2309_2313_11274', '那洒镇(11277)': '25_2309_2313_11277', '杨柳井乡(11280)': '25_2309_2313_11280', '五珠乡(11287)': '25_2309_2313_11287', '者太乡(11289)': '25_2309_2313_11289', '坝美镇(11279)': '25_2309_2313_11279', '连城镇(11273)': '25_2309_2313_11273', '者兔乡(11288)': '25_2309_2313_11288', '县城内(42160)': '25_2309_2313_42160', '黑支果乡(11281)': '25_2309_2313_11281', '板蚌乡(11284)': '25_2309_2313_11284', '旧莫乡(11283)': '25_2309_2313_11283', '董堡乡(11282)': '25_2309_2313_11282', '珠街镇(11276)': '25_2309_2313_11276' } }, '昆明市(2235)': { '呈贡区(27497)': { '大渔镇(28901)': '25_2235_27497_28901', '城区(52444)': '25_2235_27497_52444', '斗南镇(28897)': '25_2235_27497_28897', '乌龙镇(28898)': '25_2235_27497_28898', '七甸镇(28899)': '25_2235_27497_28899', '洛羊镇(28900)': '25_2235_27497_28900', '马金铺镇(28896)': '25_2235_27497_28896' }, '西山区(3914)': { '滇池旅游区(28891)': '25_2235_3914_28891', '城区(52443)': '25_2235_3914_52443', '团结镇(28888)': '25_2235_3914_28888', '海口镇(28889)': '25_2235_3914_28889' }, '石林县(2244)': { '板桥镇(5572)': '25_2235_2244_5572', '圭山镇(5573)': '25_2235_2244_5573', '县城内(42103)': '25_2235_2244_42103', '石林镇(5571)': '25_2235_2244_5571', '长湖镇(5574)': '25_2235_2244_5574', '大可乡(5577)': '25_2235_2244_5577', '西街口镇(5576)': '25_2235_2244_5576', '鹿阜镇(5570)': '25_2235_2244_5570' }, '宜良县(2242)': { '竹山乡(5567)': '25_2235_2242_5567', '北古城镇(5565)': '25_2235_2242_5565', '汤池镇(5562)': '25_2235_2242_5562', '匡远镇(5561)': '25_2235_2242_5561', '县城内(41558)': '25_2235_2242_41558', '狗街镇(5564)': '25_2235_2242_5564', '九乡乡(5569)': '25_2235_2242_5569', '阳宗海风景区(28902)': '25_2235_2242_28902', '耿家乡(5568)': '25_2235_2242_5568', '马街乡(5566)': '25_2235_2242_5566' }, '官渡区(3913)': { '大板桥镇(52514)': '25_2235_3913_52514', '城区(52442)': '25_2235_3913_52442' }, '晋宁区(2241)': { '夕阳乡(5558)': '25_2235_2241_5558', '县城内(41557)': '25_2235_2241_41557', '上蒜乡(5559)': '25_2235_2241_5559', '昆阳镇(5552)': '25_2235_2241_5552', '晋城镇(5553)': '25_2235_2241_5553', '双河乡(5557)': '25_2235_2241_5557', '二街镇(5555)': '25_2235_2241_5555', '新街乡(5556)': '25_2235_2241_5556', '六街乡(5560)': '25_2235_2241_5560' }, '富民县(2238)': { '县城内(41555)': '25_2235_2238_41555', '赤鹫镇(5534)': '25_2235_2238_5534', '款庄镇(5535)': '25_2235_2238_5535', '散旦镇(5537)': '25_2235_2238_5537', '罗免镇(5533)': '25_2235_2238_5533', '东村镇(5536)': '25_2235_2238_5536', '永定镇(5531)': '25_2235_2238_5531' }, '安宁市(2237)': { '太平镇(5528)': '25_2235_2237_5528', '八街镇(5524)': '25_2235_2237_5524', '青龙镇(5527)': '25_2235_2237_5527', '温泉镇(5526)': '25_2235_2237_5526', '县街镇(5530)': '25_2235_2237_5530', '草铺镇(5529)': '25_2235_2237_5529', '禄脿镇(5525)': '25_2235_2237_5525', '城区(51699)': '25_2235_2237_51699' }, '东川区(2236)': { '舍块乡(5522)': '25_2235_2236_5522', '铜都镇(5515)': '25_2235_2236_5515', '红土地镇(5519)': '25_2235_2236_5519', '汤丹镇(5516)': '25_2235_2236_5516', '因民镇(5517)': '25_2235_2236_5517', '乌龙镇(5520)': '25_2235_2236_5520', '拖布卡镇(5518)': '25_2235_2236_5518', '阿旺镇(5521)': '25_2235_2236_5521' }, '寻甸县(2245)': { '仁德镇(5578)': '25_2235_2245_5578', '金源乡(5592)': '25_2235_2245_5592', '风仪乡(5590)': '25_2235_2245_5590', '联合乡(5591)': '25_2235_2245_5591', '鸡街乡(5589)': '25_2235_2245_5589', '六哨乡(5588)': '25_2235_2245_5588', '功山镇(5583)': '25_2235_2245_5583', '七星乡(5585)': '25_2235_2245_5585', '羊街镇(5580)': '25_2235_2245_5580', '甸沙乡(5593)': '25_2235_2245_5593', '县城内(42104)': '25_2235_2245_42104', '河口乡(5584)': '25_2235_2245_5584', '柯渡镇(5581)': '25_2235_2245_5581', '先锋乡(5587)': '25_2235_2245_5587', '倘甸镇(5582)': '25_2235_2245_5582' }, '五华区(3912)': { '沙朗镇(28856)': '25_2235_3912_28856', '城区(52441)': '25_2235_3912_52441', '高新区(28859)': '25_2235_3912_28859', '厂口镇(28857)': '25_2235_3912_28857' }, '嵩明县(2239)': { '杨林镇(5539)': '25_2235_2239_5539', '滇源镇(5542)': '25_2235_2239_5542', '嵩阳镇(5538)': '25_2235_2239_5538', '牛栏江镇(5541)': '25_2235_2239_5541', '小街镇(5540)': '25_2235_2239_5540', '县城内(41556)': '25_2235_2239_41556', '阿子营乡(5544)': '25_2235_2239_5544' }, '盘龙区(2246)': { '松华镇(28869)': '25_2235_2246_28869', '城区(52440)': '25_2235_2246_52440', '双龙镇(28868)': '25_2235_2246_28868' }, '禄劝县(2243)': { '团街乡(28910)': '25_2235_2243_28910', '汤郎乡(28915)': '25_2235_2243_28915', '九龙乡(28913)': '25_2235_2243_28913', '马鹿塘乡(28908)': '25_2235_2243_28908', '雪山乡(28918)': '25_2235_2243_28918', '云龙乡(28914)': '25_2235_2243_28914', '则黑乡(28916)': '25_2235_2243_28916', '县城内(42102)': '25_2235_2243_42102', '皎平渡乡(28906)': '25_2235_2243_28906', '屏山镇(28903)': '25_2235_2243_28903', '撒营盘镇(28904)': '25_2235_2243_28904', '乌东德乡(28907)': '25_2235_2243_28907', '中屏乡(28911)': '25_2235_2243_28911', '乌蒙乡(28917)': '25_2235_2243_28917', '翠华乡(28912)': '25_2235_2243_28912', '茂山乡(28909)': '25_2235_2243_28909', '转龙镇(28905)': '25_2235_2243_28905' } }, '普洱市(2281)': { '孟连县(2958)': { '芒信镇(10972)': '25_2281_2958_10972', '县城内(42142)': '25_2281_2958_42142', '富岩乡(10975)': '25_2281_2958_10975', '勐马镇(10971)': '25_2281_2958_10971', '娜允镇(10970)': '25_2281_2958_10970', '公信乡(10974)': '25_2281_2958_10974', '景信乡(10973)': '25_2281_2958_10973' }, '景谷县(2286)': { '碧安乡(10948)': '25_2281_2286_10948', '半坡乡(10952)': '25_2281_2286_10952', '景谷乡(10950)': '25_2281_2286_10950', '勐班乡(10953)': '25_2281_2286_10953', '正兴镇(10946)': '25_2281_2286_10946', '永平镇(10945)': '25_2281_2286_10945', '威远镇(10944)': '25_2281_2286_10944', '县城内(42137)': '25_2281_2286_42137', '益智乡(10951)': '25_2281_2286_10951', '民乐镇(10947)': '25_2281_2286_10947', '凤山乡(10949)': '25_2281_2286_10949' }, '澜沧县(2288)': { '惠民乡(10988)': '25_2281_2288_10988', '大山乡(10983)': '25_2281_2288_10983', '发展河乡(10979)': '25_2281_2288_10979', '勐朗镇(10976)': '25_2281_2288_10976', '东回乡(10989)': '25_2281_2288_10989', '拉巴乡(10990)': '25_2281_2288_10990', '木戛乡(10986)': '25_2281_2288_10986', '雪林乡(10985)': '25_2281_2288_10985', '富东乡(10995)': '25_2281_2288_10995', '安康乡(10993)': '25_2281_2288_10993', '文东乡(10994)': '25_2281_2288_10994', '上允镇(10977)': '25_2281_2288_10977', '富邦乡(10992)': '25_2281_2288_10992', '南岭乡(10984)': '25_2281_2288_10984', '糯扎渡镇(10978)': '25_2281_2288_10978', '东河乡(10982)': '25_2281_2288_10982', '谦六乡(10980)': '25_2281_2288_10980', '县城内(42139)': '25_2281_2288_42139', '糯福乡(10981)': '25_2281_2288_10981', '酒井乡(10987)': '25_2281_2288_10987', '竹塘乡(10991)': '25_2281_2288_10991' }, '镇沅县(2285)': { '和平乡(10962)': '25_2281_2285_10962', '九甲镇(10958)': '25_2281_2285_10958', '古城乡(10960)': '25_2281_2285_10960', '振太乡(10961)': '25_2281_2285_10961', '勐大镇(10956)': '25_2281_2285_10956', '田坝乡(10959)': '25_2281_2285_10959', '县城内(42136)': '25_2281_2285_42136', '按板镇(10955)': '25_2281_2285_10955', '者东镇(10957)': '25_2281_2285_10957', '恩乐镇(10954)': '25_2281_2285_10954' }, '思茅区(2282)': { '六顺乡(5964)': '25_2281_2282_5964', '龙潭乡(5965)': '25_2281_2282_5965', '思茅港镇(5962)': '25_2281_2282_5962', '倚象镇(5961)': '25_2281_2282_5961', '曼昔农场(5966)': '25_2281_2282_5966', '南屏镇(5960)': '25_2281_2282_5960', '思茅农场(5967)': '25_2281_2282_5967', '思茅镇(5959)': '25_2281_2282_5959', '云仙乡(5963)': '25_2281_2282_5963' }, '墨江县(2287)': { '景星乡(10924)': '25_2281_2287_10924', '龙坝乡(10919)': '25_2281_2287_10919', '联珠镇(10916)': '25_2281_2287_10916', '龙潭乡(10926)': '25_2281_2287_10926', '孟弄乡(10921)': '25_2281_2287_10921', '文武乡(10927)': '25_2281_2287_10927', '坝溜乡(10928)': '25_2281_2287_10928', '通关镇(10917)': '25_2281_2287_10917', '泗南江乡(10918)': '25_2281_2287_10918', '团田乡(10922)': '25_2281_2287_10922', '鱼塘乡(10925)': '25_2281_2287_10925', '新安乡(10920)': '25_2281_2287_10920', '雅邑乡(10930)': '25_2281_2287_10930', '那哈乡(10929)': '25_2281_2287_10929', '县城内(42138)': '25_2281_2287_42138', '新抚乡(10923)': '25_2281_2287_10923' }, '景东县(2284)': { '花山乡(10936)': '25_2281_2284_10936', '太忠乡(10938)': '25_2281_2284_10938', '县城内(42135)': '25_2281_2284_42135', '文井镇(10933)': '25_2281_2284_10933', '安定乡(10941)': '25_2281_2284_10941', '龙街乡(10939)': '25_2281_2284_10939', '漫湾镇(10934)': '25_2281_2284_10934', '文龙乡(10940)': '25_2281_2284_10940', '大朝山东镇(10932)': '25_2281_2284_10932', '景福乡(10943)': '25_2281_2284_10943', '大街乡(10937)': '25_2281_2284_10937', '锦屏镇(10931)': '25_2281_2284_10931', '林街乡(10942)': '25_2281_2284_10942', '曼等乡(10935)': '25_2281_2284_10935' }, '宁洱县(2283)': { '德安乡(10909)': '25_2281_2283_10909', '宁洱镇(10907)': '25_2281_2283_10907', '梅子乡(10915)': '25_2281_2283_10915', '德化乡(10910)': '25_2281_2283_10910', '黎明乡(10914)': '25_2281_2283_10914', '普义乡(10913)': '25_2281_2283_10913', '勐先乡(10912)': '25_2281_2283_10912', '同心乡(10911)': '25_2281_2283_10911', '县城内(42134)': '25_2281_2283_42134', '磨黑镇(10908)': '25_2281_2283_10908' }, '江城县(2290)': { '宝藏乡(10968)': '25_2281_2290_10968', '勐烈镇(10963)': '25_2281_2290_10963', '国庆乡(10966)': '25_2281_2290_10966', '整董镇(10964)': '25_2281_2290_10964', '曲水乡(10965)': '25_2281_2290_10965', '嘉禾乡(10967)': '25_2281_2290_10967', '康平乡(10969)': '25_2281_2290_10969', '县城内(42141)': '25_2281_2290_42141' }, '西盟县(2289)': { '翁嘎科乡(10998)': '25_2281_2289_10998', '新厂乡(11002)': '25_2281_2289_11002', '勐梭镇(10996)': '25_2281_2289_10996', '岳宋乡(11000)': '25_2281_2289_11000', '县城内(42140)': '25_2281_2289_42140', '中课乡(11001)': '25_2281_2289_11001', '力所乡(10999)': '25_2281_2289_10999', '勐卡镇(10997)': '25_2281_2289_10997' } }, '保山市(2298)': { '龙陵县(2302)': { '镇安镇(10736)': '25_2298_2302_10736', '龙江乡(10738)': '25_2298_2302_10738', '平达乡(10743)': '25_2298_2302_10743', '象达乡(10742)': '25_2298_2302_10742', '腊勐乡(10739)': '25_2298_2302_10739', '勐糯镇(10737)': '25_2298_2302_10737', '龙山镇(10735)': '25_2298_2302_10735', '龙新乡(10741)': '25_2298_2302_10741', '木城乡(10744)': '25_2298_2302_10744', '碧寨乡(10740)': '25_2298_2302_10740', '县城内(42152)': '25_2298_2302_42152' }, '昌宁县(2301)': { '耈街乡(10757)': '25_2298_2301_10757', '温泉乡(10751)': '25_2298_2301_10751', '漭水镇(10746)': '25_2298_2301_10746', '卡斯镇(10748)': '25_2298_2301_10748', '翁堵乡(10753)': '25_2298_2301_10753', '珠街乡(10756)': '25_2298_2301_10756', '湾甸乡(10754)': '25_2298_2301_10754', '更戛乡(10755)': '25_2298_2301_10755', '田园镇(10745)': '25_2298_2301_10745', '鸡飞乡(10752)': '25_2298_2301_10752', '大田坝乡(10750)': '25_2298_2301_10750', '柯街镇(10747)': '25_2298_2301_10747', '县城内(42151)': '25_2298_2301_42151', '勐统镇(10749)': '25_2298_2301_10749' }, '隆阳区(2299)': { '西邑乡(5928)': '25_2298_2299_5928', '潞江镇(5925)': '25_2298_2299_5925', '水寨乡(5931)': '25_2298_2299_5931', '河图镇(5921)': '25_2298_2299_5921', '城区(51703)': '25_2298_2299_51703', '瓦窑镇(5924)': '25_2298_2299_5924', '杨柳乡(5934)': '25_2298_2299_5934', '丙麻乡(5929)': '25_2298_2299_5929', '辛街乡(5927)': '25_2298_2299_5927', '瓦渡乡(5930)': '25_2298_2299_5930', '瓦房乡(5933)': '25_2298_2299_5933', '板桥镇(5920)': '25_2298_2299_5920', '蒲缥镇(5923)': '25_2298_2299_5923', '瓦马乡(5932)': '25_2298_2299_5932', '芒宽乡(5935)': '25_2298_2299_5935', '金鸡乡(5926)': '25_2298_2299_5926', '汉庄镇(5922)': '25_2298_2299_5922' }, '腾冲市(2303)': { '猴桥镇(10720)': '25_2298_2303_10720', '和顺镇(10721)': '25_2298_2303_10721', '芒棒镇(10726)': '25_2298_2303_10726', '蒲川乡(10733)': '25_2298_2303_10733', '荷花镇(10727)': '25_2298_2303_10727', '团田乡(10734)': '25_2298_2303_10734', '界头镇(10722)': '25_2298_2303_10722', '固东镇(10718)': '25_2298_2303_10718', '滇滩镇(10719)': '25_2298_2303_10719', '清水乡(10730)': '25_2298_2303_10730', '马站乡(10728)': '25_2298_2303_10728', '新华乡(10732)': '25_2298_2303_10732', '北海乡(10729)': '25_2298_2303_10729', '五合乡(10731)': '25_2298_2303_10731', '中和镇(10725)': '25_2298_2303_10725', '曲石镇(10723)': '25_2298_2303_10723', '腾越镇(10717)': '25_2298_2303_10717', '明光镇(10724)': '25_2298_2303_10724', '县城内(42153)': '25_2298_2303_42153' }, '施甸县(2300)': { '旧城乡(10713)': '25_2298_2300_10713', '老麦乡(10714)': '25_2298_2300_10714', '万兴乡(10710)': '25_2298_2300_10710', '姚关镇(10706)': '25_2298_2300_10706', '酒房乡(10712)': '25_2298_2300_10712', '摆榔乡(10711)': '25_2298_2300_10711', '甸阳镇(10704)': '25_2298_2300_10704', '县城内(42150)': '25_2298_2300_42150', '太平镇(10708)': '25_2298_2300_10708', '由旺镇(10705)': '25_2298_2300_10705', '木老元乡(10709)': '25_2298_2300_10709', '水长乡(10716)': '25_2298_2300_10716', '何元乡(10715)': '25_2298_2300_10715', '仁和镇(10707)': '25_2298_2300_10707' } }, '德宏州(2360)': { '芒市(2361)': { '风平镇(5939)': '25_2360_2361_5939', '芒市镇(5938)': '25_2360_2361_5938', '中山乡(5942)': '25_2360_2361_5942', '遮放镇(5937)': '25_2360_2361_5937', '芒海镇(5943)': '25_2360_2361_5943', '三台山乡(5946)': '25_2360_2361_5946', '江东乡(5944)': '25_2360_2361_5944', '五岔路乡(5945)': '25_2360_2361_5945', '西山乡(5941)': '25_2360_2361_5941', '轩岗乡(5947)': '25_2360_2361_5947', '遮放农场(11340)': '25_2360_2361_11340', '勐戛镇(5940)': '25_2360_2361_5940', '勐焕镇(11339)': '25_2360_2361_11339' }, '盈江县(2363)': { '勐弄乡(11364)': '25_2360_2363_11364', '那邦镇(11352)': '25_2360_2363_11352', '油松岭乡(11358)': '25_2360_2363_11358', '新城乡(11360)': '25_2360_2363_11360', '弄璋镇(11353)': '25_2360_2363_11353', '盏西镇(11354)': '25_2360_2363_11354', '太平镇(11357)': '25_2360_2363_11357', '铜壁关乡(11359)': '25_2360_2363_11359', '旧城镇(11351)': '25_2360_2363_11351', '卡场镇(11355)': '25_2360_2363_11355', '芒章乡(11361)': '25_2360_2363_11361', '县城内(42198)': '25_2360_2363_42198', '昔马镇(11356)': '25_2360_2363_11356', '支那乡(11362)': '25_2360_2363_11362', '苏典乡(11363)': '25_2360_2363_11363', '平原镇(11350)': '25_2360_2363_11350' }, '梁河县(2364)': { '小厂乡(11345)': '25_2360_2364_11345', '河西乡(11349)': '25_2360_2364_11349', '曩宋乡(11348)': '25_2360_2364_11348', '县城内(42199)': '25_2360_2364_42199', '遮岛镇(11341)': '25_2360_2364_11341', '平山乡(11344)': '25_2360_2364_11344', '大厂乡(11346)': '25_2360_2364_11346', '勐养镇(11343)': '25_2360_2364_11343', '九保乡(11347)': '25_2360_2364_11347', '芒东镇(11342)': '25_2360_2364_11342' }, '陇川县(2365)': { '城子镇(11368)': '25_2360_2365_11368', '王子树乡(11369)': '25_2360_2365_11369', '陇把镇(11366)': '25_2360_2365_11366', '户撒乡(11370)': '25_2360_2365_11370', '勐约乡(11373)': '25_2360_2365_11373', '清平乡(11372)': '25_2360_2365_11372', '景罕镇(11367)': '25_2360_2365_11367', '章凤镇(11365)': '25_2360_2365_11365', '县城内(42200)': '25_2360_2365_42200', '护国乡(11371)': '25_2360_2365_11371' }, '瑞丽市(2362)': { '勐秀乡(10763)': '25_2360_2362_10763', '户育乡(10762)': '25_2360_2362_10762', '弄岛镇(10760)': '25_2360_2362_10760', '勐卯镇(10758)': '25_2360_2362_10758', '畹町镇(10759)': '25_2360_2362_10759', '姐相乡(10761)': '25_2360_2362_10761' } } } } | Mid | [
0.602316602316602,
19.5,
12.875
] |
-3*c - 1 - 17, 4*l + 9 = 3*c for l. -3 Let z = 102 + -126. Let m(k) = k + 26. Let c be m(z). Solve 0 = c*j + 2*a - 5 - 5, 0 = -4*a + 20 for j. 0 Suppose 2*a - 2*r - 12 = a, -12 = -a + r. Let z(l) = l - 12. Let p be z(6). Let j be p/a*2/(-1) + -1. Solve -n + 2*q - 3 = -4, j = 4*n + 2*q - 4 for n. 1 Let w(k) = -8*k**2 + 10*k**2 - 3*k**2 - 4 - 7*k. Let y be w(-6). Solve -n - 3 = 2*h - 6*h, y*n + 4*h - 18 = 0 for n. 5 Suppose -463*j + 774 = -76*j. Solve 5*x = 2*i - 15, j*x + 3*i + 30 = 5 for x. -5 Let m = -279 - -284. Let y be (m - 10) + 8/2 - -4. Solve 0 = -y*h - 5*d - 1, 0 = -h + 4*d - 3*d + 5 for h. 3 Let s(z) = -47*z**2 + 236*z + 3. Let o be s(5). Solve -5*q = -3*p + 22, 4 = -o*p + 4*p for q. -5 Suppose 0 = -17*b - 811 + 845. Solve 4*p = -3*i + 9, b*p - 12 = 7*p - 4*i for p. 0 Let i = -4 - -9. Suppose 7 = -3*t - f + 22, -i*f = -5*t + 25. Suppose z + 0 - t = 0. Solve -n - 5 = 4*w - 9*w, 0 = 5*w + n - z for w. 1 Suppose -5*c - 293 = -3*l + 46, -5*c = l - 133. Suppose -l*o = -116*o - 8. Solve 0 = 4*t - 3*z + 16, o = -t + 5*z - 0 for t. -4 Let c(f) = -2*f**3 - 14*f**2 + 5*f - 3. Let x be c(-5). Let p = x + 133. Suppose -3*d = p*d - 2*d. Solve -r + d*o + 6 = -2*o, -5*r - 15 = -o for r. -4 Let b be 3/6 + (-5)/(-2). Let s(g) = -9*g + 12. Let t be s(b). Let m be ((-138)/9)/(1 - t/(-9)). Solve -5*k - 5 = 3*w, k - 3*k + 3*w - m = 0 for k. -4 Let j be -18*24/576 - (-7)/(-8)*-2. Solve 4*r = -b - j, 2*r - 4*r + 4*b = -4 for r. 0 Let x be (-63)/147*(-49)/7. Solve 9*t - 6 = 4*t - x*u, 15 = -5*u for t. 3 Suppose 1166 = 256*s - 43 - 327. Solve 0 = 2*m + 16*h - 13*h - 1, -4*m = -s*h - 14 for m. 2 Let l be (-2)/4 - (8 + 258/12). Let k(c) = -2*c - 57. Let y be k(l). Solve -4*q - 13 = y, 2*x - 4 = -q for x. 4 Suppose -913*h + 50 = -903*h. Solve -3*p + 3*m = 12, h*p + 20 = p + 5*m for p. 0 Let j be (-24)/(-16)*2 + -3. Let x be (2 + (j - 0))*(-106 + 108). Solve -4*g + 8 = 5*s - 7*g, -5*s - x*g + 1 = 0 for s. 1 Let m be (4/6*(26/4 + -2))/1. Solve -m*x - 22 = y - 8*x, y + 5*x - 28 = 0 for y. 3 Let o be -1549 + 1548 - 3/(3/(-4)). Solve -o*m - 3 = 0, -n - 4*m = -5 + 15 for n. -6 Let q(v) = -59*v + 73. Let u be q(-9). Let h = u - 593. Solve h = -3*j + f, 5*j + 9*f = 4*f - 45 for j. -5 Let v(a) be the third derivative of -a**5/20 + 7*a**4/12 - 4*a**3/3 + 2*a**2 + 71*a. Let q be v(4). Solve -28 = 4*l - 2*d, -5*l - 2*d + q*d = 17 for l. -5 Let f be 33 + (-3 + 143/65)*(-5)/2. Solve -5*r + 32 = 7, 5*m + 2*r - f = 0 for m. 5 Suppose 3*v = -2*t - 28, 2*t - v = 6*t + 46. Let c be (-53)/t + (80/(-44) - -2). Solve c*f = -4*b - 21, -2*f - 2*b - 14 = b for f. -1 Let l = 17 + 15. Let k be (6/(-24))/((-34)/l - -1). Solve -k*m + 5 = 5*h, -m - 3 = -h - 2 for m. 0 Suppose 136*z = 149*z - 39. Suppose -z*v = 2*l - 5, -v - 5*l - 10 = 2*v. Solve 3*f + f + 16 = -3*x, -3*x - 20 = v*f for x. 0 Suppose -25*l + 23*l = 24. Let y be (21/(-12))/((5/(-8))/5). Let f = l + y. Solve 0 = -4*a - 4*d + 12, -4*a - 3*d = f - 11 for a. 0 Let s = 3543 - 3536. Solve -m - 1 = 0, 5*w - 2*m = -s*m for w. 1 Suppose 37 - 5 = -8*a. Let i be (-150)/(-200) - 41/a. Solve i = 5*w - 4*n, 4*w + 6*n - n = -24 for w. -1 Suppose 72*g + 520 = 176*g. Solve 4*q - 12 = 0, 6*q - 11*q = g*o - 35 for o. 4 Let b = -14 - 0. Let f = b - -51. Let w be f/13 + (-4)/(-26). Solve -5*u - w*a = -32, 3*u + 5*a - 36 = -u for u. 4 Let x = 152 + -147. Suppose 4*h + 5*c + 6 - 11 = 0, x*c = -15. Solve -2*l = -l + j + 7, -l - h*j = 15 for l. -5 Suppose 3*m + 10 = 4*h + 4, -4*h + 4*m + 4 = 0. Let r = -66 + 75. Suppose -k - 8 = -r. Solve f - k = -h*u, f - 6*f + 2*u = -22 for f. 4 Let v(r) be the second derivative of 0 + r**2 + 1/12*r**4 - 23*r - 2/3*r**3. Let c be v(4). Solve t + c*h = 0, 3*t = t - 3*h for t. 0 Let i(q) = -2*q**2 + 38*q + 15. Let d be i(18). Suppose 4*a + n - d = -7, -2*n = -a + 11. Solve -4*m - a - 7 = -t, 0 = m - t + 6 for m. -4 Let w(k) = -3*k**3 - 17*k**2 + 27*k - 5. Let l be w(-7). Solve 91*t - 93*t - l*i = 0, -3*t - 5 = 2*i for t. -5 Let z = 86 - 86. Suppose -2*x + 2*p = z, -2*x + 5*p - 20 + 5 = 0. Solve -2*t = x*w - 2, -4*t = -4*w - 4 - 0 for t. 1 Suppose 419*k = 430*k - 55. Let a(t) = 2*t**2 + 8*t + 4 + 0 - t**2. Let q be a(-8). Solve 0 = 5*m + k*h + 9 - q, 16 = -m - 4*h for m. 4 Suppose -a + 2*v + 874 = 0, 3*a + 4*v + 2614 = 6*a. Suppose 0 = 2*q + a - 882. Suppose 7*j - 20 = 2*j. Solve -3*u + h + q = 0, -3*u + j*h - 28 = -6*u for u. 4 Let w(z) = z**2 - 17*z - 74. Let h be w(21). Solve -3*f + 14 = -5*c - h, 0 = f - 3 for c. -3 Let u(n) = -n**3 + 7*n**2 + 6*n + 18. Let k be u(8). Solve 4*l + 19 = -5*i, 8 = -l - l - k*i for l. -1 Let w be 25/(-50) + (-121)/(-4) + 7/28. Solve w = -5*t + 4*b, t + 66*b = 62*b + 18 for t. -2 Suppose -4*o = -3*c + 117, o - 12 + 138 = 3*c. Suppose 14*h - c + 15 = 0. Solve -8*g = 4*x - 3*g + 12, g = -h*x - 6 for x. -3 Let v(c) = -4*c + 5. Let s be v(5). Let m be (s/4)/((-63)/84). Solve 0 = -m*z + 4*r - 9, -r - 8 = r for z. -5 Let s = -969 + 977. Solve -3*z - 12 = v + 2, 2*z = -s for v. -2 Let z = -2585 + 2587. Solve -4*a - 1 = z*n + 9, 10 = -5*a for n. -1 Suppose 0*a + 31*a = -12*a + 258. Solve -4*q + 11*j - 41 = a*j, -j + 9 = -q for q. -4 Suppose 4*h - 3*m + 1 = 7, 4*m + 8 = 5*h. Let g be h*(-1)/(-2) - -4. Solve -f + 2*k - 6*k = -10, g*k = 5*f + 22 for f. -2 Let s = -393 - -394. Let r(d) = 2*d - 4. Suppose 0 = 3*t + 2*t - 20, -4*a = -4*t - 28. Let h be r(a). Solve 0 = -3*j + 5*m + 37, -j + 3*m + h = -s for j. 4 Let z(w) = w**3 + 8*w**2 + 6*w - 8. Let i be z(-7). Let y = i - -3. Let f be -15*(-9 + 308/35). Solve -f*s + 35 = -5*r, -20 = 4*r - y*s + 6 for r. -4 Let q(m) be the first derivative of m**2 + 94*m - 10. Let p be q(-46). Solve p*y - 5*y - 4 = -4*d, -5*y = -d + 1 for y. 0 Suppose 3*q - 10 = -h - 9, 6 = 2*h + 2*q. Let y(t) = -t**3 + 7*t**2 - 12*t + 4. Let j be y(h). Solve 7*g - 3*g + 2*f = -8, 0 = j*f - 16 for g. -4 Let p be (1 - -1)/(8/(-220)). Let b = -28 - p. Let s be 6*(-4 - b/(-6)). Solve -s*q - 4*a + 20 = 0, -20 = -q - 4*a - 0*a for q. 0 Let p be (-32)/20*120/(-102) - (-2)/17. Solve 0 = -3*o + 5*w + p + 8, -4*w = -4*o for o. -5 Let y = 270 - 267. Suppose 0 = -2*j + 10, 3*b + y + 1 = 2*j. Solve 5*n - 4*n = 2*v + 8, -2*v + b*n - 8 = 0 for v. -4 Suppose 5*x - 6*g = -4*g + 8, 3*x = g + 5. Solve -5*u - 32*k = -36*k + 9, 5*k = -x*u - 30 for u. -5 Let u = 5487 + -5482. Solve 18 = 5*t + u*g + 68, 0 = -t - 5*g - 30 for t. -5 Let w be 7*((-12)/5)/(105/75). Suppose 0 = 4*f - 18 + 6, -2*f + 84 = -d. Let k be w/d - 37/(-13). Solve -k*n + 2*n + m - 7 = 0, -4 = -4*n - 4*m for n. -3 Suppose 3*i + 110 - 98 = 0. Let p be (1248/(-9))/i + 15/45. Solve -k = 3*h + 11, -3*k - 2*k + 3*h + p = 0 for k. 4 Let p be -56 - -1 - (-2 - -6). Let r = -35 - p. Suppose -2*j = -7*j + v + 36, 4*v = -4*j + r. Solve -n + j = 2*h + 1, 5*h - 33 = 2*n for n. -4 Let g be 0*(-8 - -4)/12. Let c be (11 - (6 + 2)) + -1 + g. Solve -2*z = -2*x + 8, 0 = -3*z + 2*x + c - 12 for z. -2 Suppose 3*m = -m + 12. Suppose -50*u + 56 = -44. Solve m*t - 1 = 4*a, 3*a - u + 0 = 5*t for t. -1 Let f = 2068 - 2066. Solve -23 = i - y - 4*y, -4*i + 2*y = f for i. 2 Let h = -5745 + 5767. Solve -5*w = -10*w - 5*y + 20, 2*y = 4*w - h for w. 5 Suppose 0*j - 10 = -5*j. Suppose j*o - r = 53, -o + 4*r + 92 = 2*o. Suppose 38*w - 169*w = -393. Solve 3*a = 2*h - 5, w*a - 7 = 5*h - o for h. 4 Let r be 2/(-4)*(3 + -3 + 0). Let g(y) = -y**3 + y**2 + 2. Let q be g(r). Let a = -21 - -31. Solve -4*n = o - 17, -2*n = 4*o - a - q for o. 1 Let r be (-402)/(-1) + -1*(-4 - -6). Let i = r + -387. Solve 5*f = -s + 11 + i, 0 = 5*f + 5*s - 40 for f. 4 Let f be 72*(1 - (-6)/(-4) - -2). Let j be f/(-26) + 7 - (-4)/26. Solve -18 = -j*k - 3*w, -8*k + 24 = -3*k - w for k. 5 Let m = -506 + 510. Let c = 10 - 10. Solve -5*v - 5 = -5*n, c = -4*n - 0*v - m*v + 28 for n. 4 Let m = -2837 - -2840. Solve -m*u - 5 = -5*y + 4, -4*y - 2*u = -16 for y. 3 Let y(t) = -121*t - 361. Let s be y(-3). Solve -11 = 2*q - g, 132*q = 133*q + s*g - 2 for q. -4 Let o(z) = 670*z - 1335. Let n be o(2). Solve 4*w - 2*g - 14 = 0, -w - g + n + 3 = 0 for w. 5 Let j = 8677 - 8674. Let y(x) be the first derivative of -x**2/2 + 4*x + 2. Let s be y(0). Solve -5*b - 6 = s*z - 1, 0 = -j*b + 9 for z. -5 Suppose -q + 18 = 2*q. Let x be (q + -4)*6/4. Solve 2 = t - 0*n - n, -12 = -5*t + x*n for t. 3 Let i be (28/(-6) + 0)* | Low | [
0.484455958549222,
23.375,
24.875
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A less government conservative Republican from Livingston County, MI Opinions on this blog are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Livingston County Republican Party. Chairman of LCRP since January 2013 President Obama said today he would sign an "imperfect" $410 billion bill to fund the federal government through September, but hopes the bill will mark an end to the old way of doing business. The bill has nearly 8,000 earmarks, which are pet projects inserted by lawmakers to benefit their states and districts. The practice peaked at twice that number a few years ago, Obama said, and played a part in corruption cases. Among his proposals to clean up and open up the earmark process: All earmarks must be aired on members' websites and at public hearings, and money can be directed to private companies only after competitive bidding. Yawn. I'll believe it when I see it. The bottom line is that Obama signed this bill, just as Bush signed the other bills. Presidents have this thing called a VETO PEN. 8,000 is a lot of earmarks. If Obama really opposed this, he would have vetoed it. Period, end of story. | Low | [
0.39149888143176703,
21.875,
34
] |
Royal Canin Veterinary Diet Wet Cardiac Dog Food 410 gm Description about the product:Royal Canin Cardiac is a wholesome diet for an adult dog, created to support the functioning of heart in case the dog suffers from chronic cardiac insufficiency. Lowering of sodium content from the diet helps to reduce water retention, and thus lessens stress from cardiovascular system. The wet dog food also includes L-carnitine and taurine which are essential for healthy cardiovascular functioning. Balanced proportions of potassium and magnesium help to promote muscle strength. | High | [
0.677233429394812,
29.375,
14
] |
-- -- $Id$ -- -- This file is part of the OpenLink Software Virtuoso Open-Source (VOS) -- project. -- -- Copyright (C) 1998-2020 OpenLink Software -- -- This project is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it -- under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the -- Free Software Foundation; only version 2 of the License, dated June 1991. -- -- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but -- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU -- General Public License for more details. -- -- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along -- with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., -- 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA -- -- Tables syncml_exec_no_error ('drop table DB.DBA.SYNC_SESSION'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop table DB.DBA.SYNC_RPLOG'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop table DB.DBA.SYNC_COLS_TYPES'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop table DB.DBA.SYNC_ANCHORS'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop table DB.DBA.SYNC_MAPS'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop table DB.DBA.SYNC_DEVICES'); -- Triggers syncml_exec_no_error ('drop trigger WS.WS.SRLOG_SYS_DAV_RES_I'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop trigger WS.WS.SRLOG_SYS_DAV_RES_D'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop trigger WS.WS.SRLOG_SYS_DAV_RES_U'); -- Types syncml_exec_no_error ('drop type DB.DBA.sync_batch'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop type DB.DBA.sync_cmd'); -- Procedures syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_handle_request'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.SYNCML'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_define_xsl'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_define_xml_to_pl'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_date_nokia'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_create_col'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_datastore_vcard_12'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_datastore_vcard_11'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_datastore_vcalendar_11'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_datastore_vcalendar_12'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_datastore_vcard_11_test'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_xml_to_node'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.SYNC_GET_AUTH_TYPE'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.SYNC_MAKE_DAV_DIR'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_parse_in_data_get_prop'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_pars_mult'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_pars_vcard_int'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_parse_in_data'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_parse_in_data_get_long'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_parse_in_data_note'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_recode'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_pars_ical_int'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.sync_pars_mult_cal'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.yac_syncml_detect'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.yac_syncml_type'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.yac_syncml_version'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.yac_syncml_version_get'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.yac_syncml_type_get'); syncml_exec_no_error ('drop procedure DB.DBA.yac_syncml_update_type'); | Low | [
0.469964664310954,
33.25,
37.5
] |
Introduction {#sec1} ============ Iron oxides (Fe~3~O~4~ or Fe~2~O~3~) are one of the most abundant and important minerals on earth. Considering the vast technological applications of these materials in their nanometer dimension, development of synthetic methods with control over size and shape is crucial. A size- and shape-dependent magnetic behavior along with biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles has been harnessed for applications in areas such as ferrofluids, heterogeneous catalysis, magnetic recording media, removal of toxic elements (e.g., As, Pb, and Hg) from water, and several biomedical applications (e.g., gene therapy, immunoassay, contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging, tissue repair, cell sorting, targeted drug delivery for diseases such as cancer, hyperthermia, and DNA separation).^[@ref1]−[@ref12]^ Particular applications, such as biomedical ones, require the size of the particles to be precisely controlled in the nanometer dimension for effective permeability in vivo.^[@ref13],[@ref14]^ However, for several other applications, it has been suggested that microstructures perform better than the corresponding nanostructures.^[@ref15]^ Moreover, shape control is considered as a key for the enhancement of several properties, including catalysis, as the exposed crystal facets and hence atomic arrangement on the facets are known to have a profound effect on its activity.^[@ref16]−[@ref20]^ Therefore, there has been a great emphasis on the shape-selective growth of self-assembled ordered micrometer size iron oxide superstructures from an assembly of nanocrystals that ensures higher surface area, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. Several techniques have been adopted for the development of shape-selective iron oxides that include mechanochemical (electrodeposition, pyrolysis, laser ablation, combustion, etc.) and chemical (sol-gel synthesis, temperature-assisted synthesis, hydrothermal, microwave, reverse micelle, etc.) methods.^[@ref21]−[@ref24]^ The hydrothermal methods are especially attractive for tuning the morphology of iron oxides, and various shapes like nanorods, cubes, rings, nanospindles, and hollow particles have been reported using this method.^[@ref25]−[@ref29]^ On the other hand, microwave methods provide a rapid and sustainable synthetic protocol for achieving shape-selective morphology of iron oxides. Recently, Polshettiwar et al. have reported the growth of iron oxides with variable shapes using a template-based method in a cyclohexane-water-pentanol reaction medium using a variety of iron precursors having different solubilities.^[@ref30]^ The polyol method of synthesis, which involves ethylene glycol as a solvent as well as stabilizing agent, has evolved as a soft chemical method for the preparation of a large variety of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials with tunable size, shape, and composition.^[@ref31]−[@ref33]^ However, the role of counterions in the precursor metal salts on the shape-selective growth of nanomaterials has not been understood clearly. It is recognized that during the growth the inorganic anions themselves might be selectively adsorbed on particular facets and thus greatly impact the final morphology.^[@ref34]−[@ref36]^ Therefore, it might be possible to obtain shape-selective iron oxides by varying the precursor metal salts in a polyol-based synthesis without using any external templates. Iron oxide nanomaterials can be used as a low-cost and biocompatible alternative to the natural peroxidases, which are prone to loss of activation in a harsh chemical environment.^[@ref37]^ Studies of the structural effects of these materials on their enzyme-mimetic behavior may be of high significance in designing materials for practical utility. In this direction, we studied the evolution of self-assembled iron oxide nano/microparticles with different morphologies using a polyol-based microwave synthetic method just by varying the metal salts ([Scheme [1](#sch1){ref-type="scheme"}](#sch1){ref-type="scheme"}). Further, we evaluated the peroxidase-mimicking activity of the iron oxides and have observed significant enhancement in the nanozyme activity in the case of rod-shaped superstructures originated in the presence of NO~3~^--^ as counter anions. Taking advantage of the enhanced peroxidase mimetic behavior of these materials, we have utilized these materials for swift degradation of commercial dyes through a heterogeneous Fenton process that involves the generation of hydroxyl radicals (^•^OH) by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and nanoscale iron oxide for the effective destruction of dyes. Overall, a rapid polyol-based microwave-assisted synthetic method has been developed for the generation of shape-selective Fe~3~O~4~ microstructures, which shows enhanced nanozyme activity and can be harnessed for effective degradation of organic contaminants. {#sch1} Results and Discussion {#sec2} ====================== Synthesis and Characterization of Fe~3~O~4~ Microrods {#sec2.1} ----------------------------------------------------- Self-assembled Fe~3~O~4~ microrods were synthesized via a simple microwave-assisted pathway using Fe(III) nitrate as the iron precursor and a mixture of PEG-200--water (PEG:water = 9:1 v/v) as the solvent at 150 °C for 60 min. It is well known that shape-selective synthesis of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles usually requires external templates, which dictates the oriented growth of the crystallites; however, in the present case, the shape selectivity leading to the formation of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods could be achieved simply by microwave heating of the metal salt in the polyol medium. The dark brown precipitates thus obtained were analyzed by various spectroscopic and microscopic tools. Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies confirmed the formation of the rod-shaped microcrystals having dimensions of 800 nm width and 3--6 μm length ([Figures [1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}a and [S1](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). However, clusters of small nanocrystals of an average diameter of 10 ± 5 nm were found decorating the microcrystal surface. The results suggest that small Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles were probably assembled and grown directionally to form the microparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies also suggested the formation of the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods having similar dimensions as obtained from the FESEM studies. Ultrasmall nanoparticles randomly adhering to the microcrystals were clearly visible in the TEM images ([Figure [1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}b). The HRTEM image of the nanoparticles bound on the microparticle surface showed lattice fringes with interplanar spacing of 0.25 nm that can be attributed to the (311) atomic plane of magnetite (inset: [Figure [1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}b). Furthermore, the elemental mapping of the microrods reveals the existence of Fe, O, and C in the matrix and all of these three components are spread homogeneously in the microrod framework ([Figure [1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}c). Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies also validated the presence of carbon along with Fe and O in the matrix ([Figure S2](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). {#fig1} The phase characteristics of the microparticles were obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns shown in [Figure [2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}a. Diffraction peaks at 2θ of 18.3, 30.1, 35.5, 43.1, 57.0, and 62.6 could be perfectly indexed to spinal Fe~3~O~4~ and correspond to (111), (220), (311), (400), (511), and (440) lattices, respectively (JCPDS no. 65-3107). Interestingly, a broad band with maxima at around 2θ of 23.9° was also observed, which could be assigned to the (002) plane of thin carbonaceous layers.^[@ref38],[@ref39]^ This suggests that a thin graphitic layer might be deposited on the Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy is a potent tool to characterize a distinctive arrangement of crystal structures of carbon. Raman spectroscopy studies showed two additional bands at 1350 and 1590 cm^--1^ along with characteristic peaks of Fe~3~O~4~ in the range of 250--800 cm^--1^ ([Figure [2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}b). The bands at 1350 and 1590 cm^--1^ could be endorsed to the D and G modes of carbon in Fe~3~O~4~ microrods matrix, respectively.^[@ref40],[@ref41]^ Whereas the G mode is originated from the planar vibrations of sp^2^ hybridized carbon atoms, the D mode is defect-induced vibration originated from the disordered structure of graphite and shows that the carbon shell is partially graphitized and amorphous in nature. Small molecular weight polymers such as PEG-200 are known as the carbon precursor for the synthesis of carbonaceous materials such as carbon dots under microwave irradiation.^[@ref42]^ Hence, the formation of a thin graphitic layer on the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods during the microwave heating of Fe metal precursors using a polyol method is not surprising.^[@ref43]−[@ref46]^ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed to understand the composition and oxidation state of the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods. The full spectrum of the survey scan shows that iron (Fe), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) are present in the sample. As shown in [Figure [2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}c, two major XPS signals located at BEs of 710.3 and 724.0 eV can be attributed to Fe 2p~3/2~ and Fe 2p~1/2~ levels, respectively. These peaks are further deconvoluted to 4 peaks at 710.5, 713.2, 724.0, and 726.4 eV ([Figure S3a](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). The peaks at 710.5 and 724.0 eV confirm the Fe^2+^ chemical state; on the other hand, peaks at 713.2 and 726.4 eV correspond to Fe^3+^ in the Fe~3~O~4~ phase. A small satellite peak at 719.0 eV confirmed the formation of Fe~3~O~4~ phase in the microrods.^[@ref47]−[@ref50]^ The C 1s core-level spectrum of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods could be fitted into three components, i.e., 284.4, 286.2, and 288.4 eV, which correspond to C--C/C--H, epoxy carbon in C-O, and carboxyl groups, respectively ([Figure S3b](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)).^[@ref51]^ The results further confirm the presence of a thin carbon layer on the Fe~3~O~4~ composite. Deconvolution of the O 1s signal suggested three peaks having binding energies of 529.6, 531.5, and 533 eV, coinciding with lattice oxygen, carbonyl oxygen, and alkoxy oxygen in Fe~3~O~4~ microrods, respectively. ([Figure S3c](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)).^[@ref52]^ The magnetic property of the Fe~3~O~4~ microparticles was investigated using a SQUID magnetometer ([Figure [2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}d). The *M*--*H* curve of the as-prepared material showed zero magnetic coercivity at 300 K, depicting a super-paramagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization value was found to be 48 emu g^--1^, which is lower than reported values for bare Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles. The reduced *M*~s~ value of the microparticles might be attributed to the interaction of disordered amorphous carbonaceous layers with the Fe~3~O~4~ surface.^[@ref53]^ {#fig2} The molecular orientation and local bonding environments of the synthesized Fe~3~O~4~ particles were further confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy ([Figure S4](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). The FTIR spectrum showed major vibrational peaks at 3440, 2928, 2360, 1628, 1053, 782, and 631 cm^--1^, which can be owing to the vibrational modes of *v*(O-H stretching), *v*(-CH~2~), *v*(C--C stretching), *v*(C=C stretching), *v*(C-O stretching), *v*(O-H bending), and *v*(Fe-O), respectively.^[@ref54],[@ref55]^ Further, two prominent peaks at 1427 and 1354 cm^--1^ were observed, which might arise due to the formation of mono or bidentate complex of carboxylic group of the carbon layer with surface Fe atoms.^[@ref56]^ The results suggested that the Fe~3~O~4~ surface was surface-passivated by a carboxyl-functionalized carbon layer. This was further evident in the ζ-potential measurement of the synthesized materials, which showed a value of −21.3 mV, as compared to a value of +15.2 mV for a bare Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticle (synthesized through the well-known coprecipitation method using a mixture of Fe^2+^ and Fe^3+^ salts and NaOH under a N~2~ atmosphere in water).^[@ref57]^ Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to investigate the thermal stability of the synthesized material. As shown in [Figure S5](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf), a weight loss of 3--4% up to 150 °C could be attributed to the removal of the physically absorbed water. There was further weight loss of 16% probably due to the elimination of functional groups containing labile oxygen from the surface.^[@ref41],[@ref58]^ The N~2~ isotherm, as shown in [Figure S6](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf), possesses the type IV isotherm with a small hysteresis loop in the 0.4--1.0 *P*/*P*~0~ range, signifying the existence of mesopores. The Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) surface area was calculated to be 62.0 m^2^ g^--1^, and the pore-size distribution from desorption analysis by the Barrett--Joyner--Halenda method was found to be 3.7 nm. Comparing to the small surface area of Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles,^[@ref59]^ the composite has significantly enhanced surface area, which might be due to the presence of a mesoporous carbon layer on the surface. Growth Mechanism {#sec2.2} ---------------- The polyol method, which involves the use of poly(ethylene glycol) as both a reducing and stabilizing agent, is a well-known strategy for the growth of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, where the nucleation and growth of the nanocrystallites can be achieved with desired thermodynamic and kinetic control leading to self-assembled nanostructures. Shape selectivity of the nanocrystals is usually achieved by additional shape-directing agents, which are adsorbed preferentially on specific crystallographic planes, resulting in the change of direction and rate of crystal growth. Although the role of various additives on the stability of crystallographic planes is elaborately studied, there are only a handful of reports elucidating the influence of inorganic counterions in shape-selective growth of metal oxide nanoparticles without the involvement of external agents.^[@ref60],[@ref61]^ For the synthesis of the shape-selective Fe~3~O~4~ microrods, efficient and controlled heating provided by microwave irradiation was used in a tightly sealed closed vessel and the growth of the microrods was observed using Fe(NO~3~)~3~ as the starting precursor. Due to the fast kinetics of the nanocrystallite synthesis, it was not possible to elucidate a growth mechanism from time-dependent studies, as the microrod formation was observed even after 15 min of microwave heating ([Figure [3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}a). However, the decoration of small Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles on the microrods clearly suggests that small nanocrystallites were initially formed, which gradually self-assembled into a microrod over time. Further, controlled experiments revealed that the amount of water in the solvent mixture played a significant role in the self-assembly process. No Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles were obtained without water injection. Whereas microrod formation occurred predominantly at a water-to-PEG ratio of 1:9 in the solvent mixture, only a few microrod formations were observed at a water-to-PEG ratio 1:1. On the other hand, only nanospheres were formed when the water-to-PEG ratio was maintained at 9:1 ([Figure S7](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). The results clearly infer the role of PEG in the self-assembled growth of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods. Sealed vessel microwave processing allows rapid heating of the reaction mixture, allowing quick occurrence of the nucleation event relieving the solution supersaturation. Further growth of the initially formed nucleates takes place in a high and constant flux of monomers in a diffusion-limited process. The nanoparticles are evolved progressively to higher dimensions in a process where the dissolution and migration of adatoms to selective crystal planes takes place continuously, to minimize the total surface energy (Ostwald ripening). Along with their use as a high boiling point solvent, PEG also can chelate with the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles. When Fe(NO~3~)~3~ is dissolved in a 9:1 PEG--H~2~O mixture, there are two distinct phases: (i) formation of a metal--aqua complex through the coordination of Fe^3+^ ions with water molecules and (ii) intermolecular hydrogen bridging of H~2~O with PEG as the majority phase. At an elevated temperature (higher than 100 °C), water is absent at the initial stage and thus the rate of migration of adatoms is highly suppressed. This plays an important role in controlling kinetics of the growth and stimulates anisotropy. The growth rate might be further influenced by a significantly slower diffusion rate of precursor metal salts in PEG, considering the higher viscosity of polyol medium as compared with water. {#fig3} In a microwave-based synthesis, the heating rate is quite fast and the reaction temperature is achieved in a minute or two; hence, it is very difficult to perform a kinetic study to understand the growth mechanism and the intermediates involved. When we performed the microwave synthesis at 80 °C keeping all other conditions similar, we obtained a cluster of nanoparticles after 5 min of microwave heating. SEM studies showed the formation of nanoparticles having dimension of 40 ± 10 nm in diameter ([Figure S8](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). X-ray powder diffraction study revealed that the obtained nanoparticles had tetragonal FeOOH (β-FeOOH) structure ([Figure S9](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). From these studies, we believe that the formation of the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods took place via β-FeOOH nanoparticle intermediates. Thus a plausible formation mechanism can be suggested asIn an aqua--PEG mixture, the initially formed iron aqua complex undergoes dehydration to generate FeOOH nuclei under a microwave treatment. A combination of coarsening and oriented self-aggregation of the initially formed embryos leads to the growth of larger crystals with shape selectivity largely controlled by the Ostwald ripening process. A phase transformation occurred after an extended reaction period. The presence of PEG as a mild reducing agent ensures the reduction of Fe^3+^ to Fe^2+^, thus resulting in the formation of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods. It can be clearly observed that the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods consist of smaller Fe~3~O~4~ particles as building blocks and have irregular surface, demonstrating that the Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles self-assemble into the microrods ([Figure [3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}b). It was interesting to note that the self-assembled growth of Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles into one-dimensional microrods occurred without the addition of any shape-selective agents. We assumed that the NO~3~^--^ counterions might play a critical role in the shape evolution. Therefore, we varied the metal salt precursors in the microwave-assisted polyol process, while keeping all reaction parameters, such as concentration of the metal salt, water-to-PEG ratio, reaction temperature, etc. constant. When FeCl~3~ was used as the precursor metal salt, hollow Fe~2~O~3~ microparticles with an average diameter of 1.1 ± 0.1 μm were obtained. SEM studies ([Figure [4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}a) reveal the surface configuration of the microspheres, which is not smooth, implying that these microspheres are comprised of small nanoparticles as primary building units and self-assembled to form the larger near spherical aggregates. The formation of internal voids in the microspheres can be clearly seen in cracked microspheres. All diffraction peaks in the hollow microsphere powder XRD spectra ([Figure [4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}b) could be indexed to the α-Fe~2~O~3~ hexagonal phase (JCPDS card no. 33-664). Considering the oxidative etching properties of the halide ions,^[@ref62],[@ref63]^ the formation of the complex hollow assemblies with a different phase could be easily understood. When iron acetate was used as the precursor metal salt, only small spherical Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles with an average dimension of 40 ± 10 nm were obtained. Acetates are known to have high binding affinity for oxide surfaces and hence act as an efficient stabilizer restricting the growth to smaller dimensions. ([Figure [4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}c). The results suggest that the inorganic anions from the precursor salts were influential in controlling the size, shape, and structural evolution of the micro/nanoparticles. {#fig4} It is well-known that during the crystallization process, the inorganic anions might selectively adhere on particular facets. The FeOOH nucleates initially obtained are stabilized by PEG molecules through chelation, thus suppressing the nucleation and growth of nanocrystals in the solution. The aggregation of formed nuclei takes place to eliminate the interfaces and minimize the total energy of the system. NO~3~^--^ ions are known to have different adsorption strengths on different crystal facets,^[@ref64]^ which might cause faster growth of nanocrystals in the direction with weaker adsorption. Although the exact mechanism for the microrod morphology could not be traced, we believe that a combination of both anion facet coating and stabilization of adatoms by PEG was crucial for growth of various superstructures. This was further confirmed by the fact that when Fe(NO~3~)~3~ was hydrothermally treated in a Teflon-sealed autoclave using a PEG--water mixture as a solvent at 180 °C for 12 h, the resultant precipitate consisted of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods with an average diameter of 0.5--0.7 μm and several micrometers of length with a much smoother surface as compared with the microwave-based method ([Figure [4](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}d). The formation of the graphitic layer on the nanoparticle surface could be realized as the microwave/hydrothermal treatment of PEG leads to the formation of carbonaceous materials. Oxidation of Peroxidase Substrates Catalyzed by Rod-Shaped Fe~3~O~4~ Microcrystals {#sec2.3} ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In recent years, the enzyme-mimetic activities of metal oxide nanoparticles have been pursued extensively. The natural enzymes are prone to deactivation if the reaction conditions such as pH of the medium or temperature are modulated to some extent. Due to their ease of synthesis, coupled with their stability under harsh reaction conditions, metal oxides are considered as an ideal alternative to natural enzymes for various applications.^[@ref65]−[@ref70]^ The peroxidase-mimicking activity of Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles is well studied, and there are reports on the enhancement of peroxidase activity depending on the shape of the nanocrystals.^[@ref59]^ The catalytic oxidation of the 3.3,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was carried out in the presence of H~2~O~2~, to assess the peroxidase-like activity of the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods, and the progress of the reaction was monitored via UV--visible spectroscopy. As shown in [Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}a, the colorless substrate TMB is oxidized in the presence of H~2~O~2~ and Fe~3~O~4~ microrods to a blue solution, with enhancement in absorption intensity at 370 and 652 nm. In the absence of H~2~O~2~, addition of only Fe~3~O~4~ microrod to TMB resulted in negligible color variation under similar experimental conditions. These results indicate that the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods demonstrate an efficient peroxidase-like behavior toward typical peroxidase substrates like TMB and a blue charge-transfer complex (chromogen) is formed quickly, catalyzed by the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods in presence of H~2~O~2~. To achieve an optimal response, the effects of pH on the catalytic activities of the Fe~3~O~4~ microcrystals were investigated in a series of buffer at varying pH from 2 to 10. The response curves ([Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}b) show that the maximum catalytic activity was obtained at pH 4.0, which is very similar to the operating conditions for horseradish peroxidase (HRP).^[@ref37],[@ref71]^ To eliminate the role of any leached iron in the catalytic reaction, the iron contents of the supernatants after removal of the microrods by centrifugation were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and the amount of Fe ions was negligible in the pH range of 3--6. The catalytic activity of any leached iron ions was evaluated for the catalytic reaction at pH 4.0. For this, the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods were incubated in an acetate buffer at pH 4.0 for 30 min and the supernatant solution after removal of the microrods was used to monitor the oxidation of TMB. The original colorless solution remained colorless, confirming that no leached Fe ions were involved in the catalytic process, as the concentration of leached ions was much lower than the amount required for typical Fenton reactions. Thus, a 100 mM acetate buffer solution at pH 4.0 was selected as the optimal reaction medium for all subsequent studies. {#fig5} The dependence of the peroxidase-mimicking activity of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods on various parameters, such as concentration of TMB and H~2~O~2~ and amount of the catalyst, was also carefully monitored by observing the absorption peak at 652 nm ([Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}c,d). The maximum catalytic efficiency was achieved at 0.1 mM of TMB, whereas in the case of H~2~O~2~, a higher concentration of H~2~O~2~ was required to attain the maximum peroxidase-like activity. This indicates that the catalytic activity of the microcrystals is more prominent at high concentrations of H~2~O~2~ as compared with HRP. At higher concentration of TMB in the reaction medium, the peroxidase activity was weakened, probably due to sufficient catalytic surface capping at a particular concentration, thus inhibiting the attachment of excess substrates onto the surface. The maximum catalytic activity of the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods was achieved at a H~2~O~2~ concentration of 1000 mmol/mL, which is 10^5^ times that of TMB. A catalyst concentration as low as 8 μg mL^--1^ was used to monitor the kinetic parameters. The steady-state kinetic assays were performed in the TMB-H~2~O~2~-Fe~3~O~4~ reaction system at room temperature, and the catalytic parameters were evaluated by correlating the absorbance data with the Michaelis--Menten equation (eqn).where *K*~m~ is the Michaelis constant and ν, *V*~max~, and \[S\] correspond to the rate of conversion, maximal velocity (or the maximal conversion rate), and substrate concentration, respectively. A typical Michaelis--Menten kinetics model was validated during the TMB-H~2~O~2~ reaction catalyzed by the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods, as observed from the initial absorbance against time plots ([Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}e,f). The slopes of these plots are evaluated as initial reaction rates at variable substrate concentrations. The catalytic parameters of *K*~m~ and *V*~max~ were obtained by plotting the reaction rate against concentration and following nonlinear regression using the Michaelis--Menten equation. The *K*~m~ value of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods with TMB as a substrate was calculated to be 0.05 mM, which is significantly lower compared with the reported value of 3.7 mM in the case of native horseradish peroxidase. This indicates a stronger affinity of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods for TMB compared with HRP ([Table S1](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)).^[@ref27],[@ref37],[@ref72]^ The higher peroxidase-like activity of the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods was consistent for H~2~O~2~ as a substrate also (0.09 mM), with a lower *K*~m~ value. The high peroxidase activity of the microrods can be correlated to the presence of large number of Fe^2+^ and Fe^3+^ ions on their surface, compared with only one iron in HRP. For comparison, we also evaluated the peroxidase activity of Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles synthesized using Fe(OAc)~3~ as a salt precursor and Fe~2~O~3~ hollow microparticles obtained using FeCl~3~ as the precursor metal salt, using TMB as the substrate. From the plot of the reaction rate vs concentration of TMB and using the Michaelis--Menten kinetic model, *K*~m~ values were calculated to be 0.15 and 0.31 mM for Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles and Fe~2~O~3~ hollow microparticles, respectively ([Figure S10](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). From the results, it is evident that the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods showed superior peroxidase-mimicking activity for TMB, compared with the Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles or hollow Fe~2~O~3~ microparticles. The graphitic layer on the Fe~3~O~4~ particles also might contribute to the enhanced peroxidase-mimicking activity of the microrods, as several carbonaceous nanomaterials are known to demonstrate peroxidase-mimicking properties.^[@ref68]^ It is well-established that peroxidase mimics catalyze the decomposition of H~2~O~2~, leading to efficient generation of hydroxyl radicals (^•^OH); therefore, a fluorescent probe was used to track the formation of ^•^OH radicals catalyzed by Fe~3~O~4~ microrods. The experiment was performed using weak fluorescent terephalic acid as probe, which generates a highly fluorescent hydroxyl terephthalic acid as a product when reacted with ^•^OH radicals ([Figure [6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}a).^[@ref73],[@ref74]^ In the presence of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods and H~2~O~2~, the free radical generation was clearly evident, as exhibited by a dramatic increase in fluorescence ([Figure [6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}b). As the reaction progressed, the fluorescence intensity of terephalic acid enhanced at 440 nm. These results indicated that the peroxidase-mimicking activity of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods was mainly due to their potential to generate ^•^OH radicals during the course of reaction. {#fig6} Kinetic Study of Pyrogallol {#sec2.4} --------------------------- The peroxidase-mimicking activity of the as-obtained Fe~3~O~4~ microrods was further evaluated for the oxidation of pyrogallol in the presence of H~2~O~2~, which forms a yellow purpurogallin complex. Upon addition of Fe~3~O~4~ microcrystals (20 μg mL^--1^) and H~2~O~2~ to a solution of pyrogallol in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), the colorless solution turned yellow, with the appearance of a new absorption peak at 420 nm, signifying catalytic oxidation of the peroxidase substrate ([Figure S11a](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). The reaction was monitored at different time intervals by varying the concentration of pyrogallol and H~2~O~2~. The catalytic reaction was completed after 30 min, and the absorbance at 420 nm remained stable. The time-dependent formation of the purpurogallin complex was also monitored for the Fe~3~O~4~ nanoparticles and Fe~2~O~3~ hollow microparticles, which showed relatively lower catalytic activity compared with the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods ([Figure S11b](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). Similar to TMB, the oxidation of pyrogallol also follows Michaelis--Menten kinetics. Studying the kinetics at variable pyrogallol concentrations and keeping the H~2~O~2~ concentration constant, a Lineweaver--Burk plot was obtained for catalysis using Fe~3~O~4~ microrods, which showed a linear relationship ([Figure [7](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}a,b). From the Lineweaver--Burk plot, the Michaelis--Menten constant *K*~m~ was evaluated. The calculated *K*~m~ value of 0.52 mM for pyragallol is lower than that of the natural enzyme HRP (0.81 mM), indicating that the Fe~3~O~4~ catalysts have higher affinity toward the substrate.^[@ref75]^ The *K*~m~ value was obtained from the Lineweaver--Burk plot at variable H~2~O~2~ concentrations, while keeping the pyrogallol concentration fixed at 17 mM. {#fig7} Degradation of Dye Pollutants Using Fe~3~O~4~ as Catalyst {#sec2.5} --------------------------------------------------------- Organic dyes are predominantly used in several industries, such as photographic printing, textile, tannery, paper-pulp, and paints, and are mixed with soil and water, causing severe damage to the environment. To get rid of these hazardous pollutants, various processes, such as ozonation, chlorination, adsorption, ultrafiltration, electrochemical processes, photodegradation using photocatalysts, and advanced oxidation processes such as Fenton reactions are used as methods for waste-water treatment.^[@ref76]^ H~2~O~2~ is considered to be a green oxidant that behaves as resource of reactive oxygen species. Chemical oxidation routes generate strong oxidizing species such as hydroxyl radical (^•^OH), which can be used for efficient removal of organic dye contaminants. However, due to low decomposition of H~2~O~2~ at room temperature, catalysts are often required for the sustained formation of ^•^OH radicals. A combination of nanocatalysts and H~2~O~2~ in a single process could function as an attractive substitute for dye removal. Encouraged by the high peroxidase-mimicking activity of Fe~3~O~4~ microcrystals, we further examined the activity of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods for the degradation of common organic dyes. Considering the fact that the overall surface charge of the microcrystals was negative, we first studied the degradation of cationic rhodamine B as a model contaminant. The degradation of the dye was visually observed in a mixture of Fe~3~O~4~ catalyst, H~2~O~2~, and rhodamine B in aqueous medium, and complete decolorization occurred within 120 min at room temperature. The absorption of the dye gradually decreased with increasing Fe~3~O~4~ concentration, indicating that the dye degradation efficiency was highly dependent on the nanocatalyst concentration ([Figure S12](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). To optimize the reaction conditions, a concentration-dependent study was performed by varying the concentration of H~2~O~2~ from 0--50 mM ([Figure S13](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). At a lower concentration of H~2~O~2~, a slower degradation of rhodamine B was observed. As the concentration was increased to 50 mM, the rate of degradation increased, suggesting that a H~2~O~2~ concentration of 50 mM was optimal for dye degradation. Further, degradation of rhodamine B was studied at different pH. [Figure S14](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf) clearly shows that the maximum rhodamine degradation efficiency was found at pH 4, a similar pH range at which the maximum peroxidase activity was obtained. The quick degradation and a gradual reduction in the prominent absorption peak intensity at 553 nm were further observed during the time-dependent UV--visible spectroscopy studies. A linear correlation between the reaction time and ln(*C*~t~/*C*~0~) could be ascertained ([Figure [8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}a), suggesting that a pseudo-first-order pathway was followed during the dye degradation reaction with a rate constant of 0.038 min^--1^. Control reactions were performed in the absence of the catalyst or H~2~O~2~, and no initiation of the dye degradation occurred even after prolonged time, suggesting that a combination of Fe~3~O~4~ microcrystals and H~2~O~2~ was essential for the degradation reaction. The excellent performance of Fe~3~O~4~ microcrystals for the rhodamine B degradation could be ascribed to a combination of the high surface area of the microcrystals and efficient peroxidase activity. {#fig8} From the time-dependent kinetics studies, it was apparent that no shift in the absorption maxima at 553 nm was observed in the initial 60 min ([Figure [8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}b) and only a continuous reduction in the absorbance was observed. It has been reported that N-de-ethylation and cleavage of the chromophore are two competitive ways of degradation of rhodamine B, followed by other reactions, such as hydroxylation, aromatic ring opening, and mineralization. In the case of N-de-ethylation, auxochromic properties of N-ethyl moieties lead to a hypsochromic shift in the absorption maxima.^[@ref77]^ On the other hand, only a reduction in the absorption peak at 553 nm is observed during chromophore cleavage. In the initial stage of the RhB degradation under the present reaction conditions, only a reduction in λ~max~ at 553 nm occurred, suggesting that the chromophore cleavage was the favored pathway for the degradation. The concentration of H~2~O~2~ was much higher than rhodamine B in the reaction medium, and most of the N-de-ethylation intermediates formed during the reaction might be cleaved immediately by the generated hydroxyl radicals. Toward the later stages of RhB degradation, the absorption maxima shifted to lower wavelengths by 5 and 11 nm, after 60 and 90 min, respectively. However, any significant effect of the absorption shifting on the reaction kinetics can be neglected, as less than 10% of the original RhB concentration was left at that stage. On the basis of these studies, a synergistic mechanism for the degradation of rhodamine B in H~2~O~2~--Fe~3~O~4~ system is proposed. H~2~O~2~ molecules are adsorbed on the surface of Fe~3~O~4~ followed by activation of H~2~O~2~ to generate reactive oxygen species (^•^OH radicals) by the surface Fe(II)/Fe(III) atoms. The ^•^OH radicals then cleave the dyes adsorbed on the surface or diffuse into the solution to degrade the dye molecules near the Fe~3~O~4~/solution interface. The degradation of other commonly used dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), was further monitored using the Fe~3~O~4~-H~2~O~2~ catalytic system to ascertain the scope of the present method in waste-water treatment ([Figure [8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}c--e and [S15](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). UV--visible spectroscopy studies were performed to monitor the decay in the concentrations of MB and MO in the solution by observing absorbance at λ~max~ 663 and 463 nm, respectively. In comparison with the degradation of rhodamine B (degradation efficiency DE = 98% and *k* = 0.038 min^--1^), the degradation was moderate for MB (DE = 77% and *k* = 0.011 min^--1^) and MO (DE = 60% and *k* = 0.007 min^--1^), under similar reaction conditions (0.5 mg mL^--1^ of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods, 50 mmol L^--1^ of H~2~O~2~ and 0.1 mmol of dye after 2 h at room temperature). It is evident that RhB was degraded faster than MB, although they are both cationic in nature. The carboxyl group in rhodamine B might influence the formation hydroxyl radicals and facilitate their attack on the dye molecules through hydrogen bonding.^[@ref77],[@ref78]^ MO is an anionic dye and possibly is lowly adsorbed on Fe~3~O~4~ surface due to the electrostatic repulsion, severely impacting its degradation. Catalyst reusability and stability are regarded as important parameters for practical catalytic applications. We compared the dye removal activity of the fresh and recovered Fe~3~O~4~ catalysts toward RhB, and a catalyst concentration of 0.5 mg mL^--1^ was used. After every cycle, the catalyst is directly withdrawn from the solution by centrifugation followed by thorough washing and redispersed in distilled H~2~O for the next cycle of catalysis by adding RhB and H~2~O~2~. This catalyst retained good activity (82%) even after reuse five times, suggesting high stability of the catalyst even in the presence of a large amount of H~2~O~2~ ([Figure [8](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}](#fig8){ref-type="fig"}f). To verify whether Fe~3~O~4~ microrods can be employed to treat environmental water, tap water and lake water were collected from an industrial area (Pithampur, Indore) and used as the practical sample ([Figure S16](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)). This was kept for some time and then filtered before being spiked with rhodamine B as the model pollutant. When Fe~3~O~4~ microrods and H~2~O~2~ were added to this dye containing water, effective discoloration of the solution occurred within a short time (90 min) due to the degradation of rhodamine B. Even in the lake water containing a mixture of dyes (rhodamine B, MO, and MB), the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods could effectively degrade all dyes in the presence of H~2~O~2~. Therefore, the Fe~3~O~4~ microrods can be employed as a promising nanocatalyst for the environmental waste-water treatment. Conclusions {#sec3} =========== A novel microwave-based synthetic methodology has been developed for the rapid self-assembled growth of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods using polyol method without the aid of any external shape-directing molecular templates. The growth of the size, shape, and morphology-selective micro/nanostructures was highly dependent on the iron precursor salt used for the synthesis, demonstrating the role of counterions in directing the growth mechanism. The microwave treatment of the iron precursors in a polyol medium also led to the growth of a thin carbonaceous layer on the Fe~3~O~4~ microcrystals. The Fe~3~O~4~ microrods showed excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity against substrates such as TMB and pyrogallol, demonstrating their high capability for applications in environmental remediation in presence of H~2~O~2~. This property was taken advantage of for the degradation of common organic pollutants, such as cationic and anionic dyes, with high efficiency. The method presents a simple, one-step synthesis of magnetic microrods with high stability (negligible iron leaching, no phase transformation after reaction), large surface area, and the possibility of magnetic separation, which can be harnessed for several other technological applications, such as degradation of other organic contaminants, photocatalysis, etc. Experimental Section {#sec4} ==================== Materials {#sec4.1} --------- Fe(NO~3~)~3~·9H~2~O, FeCl~3~·3H~2~O, and Fe(C~2~H~3~O~2~)~2~ were purchased from TCI chemicals. Poly(ethylene glycol) 200 (PEG-200), methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), and terephthalic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. 3,3,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 1,2,3-trihyroxybenzene (Pyrogallol), and hydrogen peroxide (30%) were obtained from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL), India. Sodium acetate trihydrate, acetic acid, and NaH~2~PO~4~ were purchased from Merck Ltd, India. Ultra-pure water obtained from the Milli-Q system was used in all experiments. Characterization {#sec4.2} ---------------- UV--visible absorption spectra and kinetic studies were recorded at room temperature on a Varian UV--visible spectrophotometer (Carry 100 Bio). The infrared spectrum (IR) was recorded in a Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR spectrometer in the transmission mode using KBr pellets to prepare the samples. Powder X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) of the as-prepared sample were measured by a Rigaku Smart lab X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm) in the range of 2θ of 10--80°. For scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM) studies, samples were prepared by dropcasting on a ITO surface and the images were recorded on a Supra 55 Zeiss apparatus field emission scanning electron microscope, with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) attachment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images were recorded using a JEOL JEM-2100 microscope (accelerating voltage of 200 kV). To prepare the samples for TEM testing, the sample solutions were cast on the coated copper grid and dried at room temperature. Emission spectra were recorded using a fluoromax-4p fluorometer from Horiba (model FM-100). The CEM discover Microwave reactor was used for the synthesis of materials. A Raman spectrum was recorded using the Jobin Yvon Horiba LABRAM-HR micro Raman system with a 632.8 He-Ne laser beam attachment. Magnetic property was investigated using an Ever Cool 7 Tesla SQUID Magnetometer. The surface area assessment of Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) was performed on Auto-sorb iQ, version 1.11 (Quantachrome Instruments). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using the Mg Kα radiation photoemission tool PHI 5000 Versa Prob II, FEI Inc. Synthesis of Fe~3~O~4~ Micro/Nanoparticles with Controlled Morphology {#sec4.3} --------------------------------------------------------------------- Rod-shaped iron oxide microcrystals were obtained by dissolving Fe(NO~3~)~3~·9H~2~O (196 mg, 80 mM) in a PEG-200--water mixture (PEG:water ratio 9:1, total volume 5 mL). The mixture was then transferred into a screw-mount glass tube and subjected to 150 W, 200 psi, and 150 °C microwave radiation for 60 min. This resulted in a dark brown dispersion of Fe~3~O~4~. The precipitate was cleaned with water and ethanol several times after cooling to eliminate impurities. For the synthesis of hollow microspheres and nanospheres, FeCl~3~·3H~2~O (80 mM) and Fe(C~2~H~3~O~2~)~2~ (80 mM) were used as iron precursors, respectively, keeping all other synthetic parameters similar. For the hydrothermal synthesis of Fe~3~O~4~ nanorods, Fe(NO~3~)~3~·9H~2~O (80 mM) precursor salt was dissolved in 20 mL of the PEG-200--water mixture (the PEG:water ratio was 9:1 v/v) and was transferred in a Teflon-sealed autoclave, which was kept at 180 °C for 12 h. Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity Studies {#sec4.4} ------------------------------------- The peroxidase-like activity of the synthesized Fe~3~O~4~ microstructure was studied for the oxidation of TMB as a substrate. Kinetic experiments were conducted in time-dependent mode using a UV--visible spectrophotometer to monitor absorbance at 652 nm. Experiments were carried out using 20 μL of a Fe~3~O~4~ microrod stock solution (1 mg mL^--1^) in a total volume of 2.5 mL of sodium acetate buffer solution (100 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.0). TMB (0.1 mM) was used as a substrate and H~2~O~2~ concentration was 4 mM, unless stated otherwise. The steady-state kinetic measurements were performed under the optimal reaction conditions by varying the TMB concentration from 0.01 to 0.2 mM at a fixed concentration of 4 mM H~2~O~2~. Similarly, the kinetic analysis of Fe~3~O~4~ with H~2~O~2~ as the substrate was performed by using a fixed concentration of 0.1 mM TMB and varying the amount of H~2~O~2~ (0.05--0.4 mM ). The effect of pH (2--10), TMB concentration (0.01--0.5 mM), and H~2~O~2~ concentration (0.01--2000 mM) on the catalytic activity of Fe~3~O~4~ microcrystals was also investigated. The kinetic studies of pyrogallol oxidation were carried out in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution at room temperature. The concentration of pyrogallol was varied while maintaining a constant amount of Fe~3~O~4~ catalyst (20 μg mL^--1^) and H~2~O~2~ concentration (40 mM). The Michaelis--Menten constant (*K*~m~) was calculated using Lineweaver--Burk plots of the double reciprocal of the Michaelis--Menten equation. Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals {#sec4.5} ------------------------------ In a typical reaction process, 1.0 mg of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods was dispersed via sonication in 5.0 mL of sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) solution containing 50 mM H~2~O~2~, followed by addition of 1 mM terephthalic acid and 3 mM NaOH. After incubation, the suspension was centrifuged at different time intervals; at an excitation wavelength of 315 nm, the supernatant was collected for fluorescence measurement. Dye Degradation {#sec4.6} --------------- For the dye degradation studies, 0.5 mg mL^--1^ Fe~3~O~4~ microrods were dispersed into 20 mL of rhodamine B stock solution (0.1 mmol L^--1^) prepared in acetate buffer (pH 4.0). After preadsorbtion at room temperature for 5 min, the absorption of rhodamine B was measured by UV--visible spectroscopy and considered as *C*~0~ (initial concentration). Addition of 50 mM H~2~O~2~ into the above solution initiated rapid catalytic degradation of rhodamine B. About 2.5 mL of the solution was taken out from the reaction mixture at an interval of 20 min, and the suspended Fe~3~O~4~ particles were removed either by centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 2 min or by magnetic separation. The absorption of the supernatants was recorded on a UV--visible spectrophotometer. Similarly, the dye removal efficiency of Fe~3~O~4~ microrods was investigated by time-dependent measurement of absorption maxima of MO (0.1 mM) and MB (0.1 mM) dyes in aqueous medium under similar reaction conditions. We also examined the effect of pH, concentration of catalyst, and H~2~O~2~ concentration (0--50 mM) on the catalytic efficiency of dye degradation. The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the [ACS Publications website](http://pubs.acs.org) at DOI: [10.1021/acsomega.9b01201](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201).TGA spectrum, SEM images, FTIR spectrum, EDX spectrum, XRD spectrum, UV--visible spectra of dye reduction, XPS spectra, BET spectra, and experimental results in tabular form ([PDF](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.9b01201/suppl_file/ao9b01201_si_001.pdf)) Supplementary Material ====================== ###### ao9b01201_si_001.pdf The authors declare no competing financial interest. We acknowledge IIT Indore for the research infrastructure and SIC, IIT Indore for providing the instrumentation facilities. We are grateful to SAIF NEHU, Shillong for providing HRTEM facility, IIT Mumbai for TEM facility, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, and Indore for the facility of Raman and Magnetic measurements. S.J. acknowledges DST, India for DST-INSPIRE fellowship. | High | [
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Cleft Falls (Teton County, Wyoming) Cleft Falls is a cascade located in Garnet Canyon, Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The cascade drops approximately in and is highly intermittent, fed by runoff from snowmelt and the Middle Teton Glacier. The falls can be reached by way of the Garnet Canyon Trail and is approximately by trail east of Spalding Falls, while further downstream is Bannock Falls. References Category:Waterfalls of Wyoming Category:Waterfalls of Grand Teton National Park | Mid | [
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Q: How to develop Android applications? I used to be an Android developer for 2 years, but over 2 years ago. I believe that things changed - we have Android Studio, Gradle and probably more tools that I'm not aware of right now. What is the current development stack for creating Android applications? What tools should we used right now? I used to use eclipse with ant, but as far as I can see, a lot of people are using AS with Gradle, which is, for my first experience, extremely slow. How to jump back into Android development after some time of not being up to date with development stack? A: Eclipse vs Android Studio is a matter of choice. You can get used to it within hours, or you can continue with Eclipse. I am using both tools for different projects. Android Studio seemed to be more stabile at some points. Update on Android SDK and third party libraries are more easily handled with Android Studio. Android Studio has not NDK support yet. You have to compile native codes outside of Android Studio. Edit:(Well, actually it has support but claimed to be deprecated, probably developers are working on a better solution) Edit2:(It will be soon officially supported with C/C++ debugger) With Android Studio you can use java7 syntax, but you have to stick with java6 syntax on Eclipse. Edit:(you can now force java8 with a plugin on A.S and I guess java7 is usable on eclipse too) Edit2:(java7 is a must now for both parties, but still java8 syntax can only be used in A.S with a help of plugin) Google releases example codes compatible with Android Studio saying eclipse versions will be available soon. Android Studio has better GUI designer. Android Studio has better refactoring capabilities. The most important change is SDK itself, actually. Just check if Android Studio is good enough for you and study on SDK. | High | [
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A man's chances of survival depended on how quickly his wound was treated. Modern warfare was now producing vast numbers of casualties requiring immediate treatment at the same time. This necessitated an efficient system that could immediately address a patient’s critical injuries close to the Front and then evacuate him to a medical unit in a safer zone. This network is known as the Medical Chain of evacuation or evacuation chain. The secret of success in treating large numbers of casualties was rapid evacuation. “All through the chain of Medical Units from the Front to the Base the wounded man is kept the very minimum of time to attend to his wounds, and then he is moved on, and kept on moving, until he reaches either the Base or Home..... The reason for rapid evacuation is twofold. Firstly, it is very bad for morale if troops see wounded men lying about in large numbers; and, secondly, unless Medical Units are cleared they lose their mobility, and also cannot deal with a fresh influx of wounded that might come in quite unexpectedly - e.g. from a surprise counter-attack.” [Lt/Col T B Nicholls R.A.M.C. ‘Organization, Strategy and Tactics of The Army Medical Services in War’] The rapid and successful evacuation of any casualties, whether on a battlefield or in civilian life, depends on three interdependent factors - time, space and transport. Time involves how quickly wounds receive first aid so infection does not set into the wound, and/or the casualty does not bleed to death. It also involves how quickly the casualty can get to someone with specialized knowledge or with specialist equipment. Abdominal wounds, for example, need to be operated on within six hours in order for the patient to survive. Transport involves what type of equipment can be used and/or is readily available to transport the casualty away from danger and to an appropriate medical facility. This process could involve the soldier walking or being transported on stretchers, horses, cars, trains, barges or ships. Space involves what is happening in the immediate area such as: how close can emergency services get without becoming casualties themselves? What is topography and how does it help or hinder? Is there enough space to set up a large medical facility close by or is there only enough room for a small one? With the above in mind, other factors had to be considered: • Mobility: All medical field units needed to be able to move at a moments notice. This was essential to ensure the fighting units had medical support during an advance or retreat. The procedure for a significant advance was for each medical unit to move forward to one already up and running in front of them. Therefore, the Regimental Aid Post would move forward in line with the fighting soldiers. An Advanced Dressing Station would then move forward to a Regimental Aid Post. The Main Dressing Station would move forward to an Advanced Dressing Station. A Casualty Clearing Station would move forward to a Main Dressing Station, and a Stationary Hospital would move to fill the gap between the Casualty Clearing Stations and the General Hospitals near the ports. In a retreat the procedure would be same but in the opposite direction. This was achieved by a small ‘light section’ of each unit moving forward immediately. They would provide care for the serious cases still housed in the unit ahead who were unable to be moved. The rest of the unit would then evacuate less serious cases, then would close, pack up and move. • Distances between medical units: Sometimes the nature or physical features of the area (due to unsuitable topography for motor transport, bad weather, or deteriorated land due to heavy shelling) prevented medical units from getting optimally close. In these situations Relay and/or Collecting Posts were set up where patients could be collected and transported by horse drawn ambulances. (These will be explained further in the Field Ambulance and Casualty Clearing Station sections) • Overlapping areas: During a major offensive, the front Line might cover some 5 to 6 miles with many Corps/Brigades/Regiments involved, all of which would have had their own pre-allocated medical support. In situations where the areas of advance were narrow, it was inevitable that their medical support would overlap. In these cases medical units from different Divisions would either work together as one, or perhaps two or three different medical units would set up in one specific location. • Co-Operation: It was imperative that the medical evacuation chain did not hinder the fighting troops going into action or prevent them from getting to their ammunition, and vise-versa. Also the Medical Services was reliant on other branches of the army to supply materials to build Dressing Stations, construct roads, railway sidings, and/or provide telephonic communications. • Before the start of any major offensive the Directors and Assistant Directors of Medical Services (DMS and ADMS) who were appointed to oversee in the offensive held a conference to discuss all the above factors before setting up the evacuation chain for that sector. Collecting Zone: Regimental Aid Posts and Field Ambulances Regimental Aid Post. [RAP] and the role of the Regimental Medical Officer [RMO] “I should not advise anyone with any desire to practice their surgical or medical skill to take on the job of medical officer to a battalion, but from the point of view of seeing the war, understanding military methods and the spirit of the men it is the best post open to a medical man..... The only diseases the M.O. is called upon to treat are slight sprains, myalgia, and last, but not least, diarrhea.... Sanitation is, perhaps, the most important work that the M.O. is called upon to perform.” [Lt A Noel Garrod R.A.M.C. ‘Notes on the Existence of a Regimental M.O. - At the Front’] Duties of the RMO: During the war every fighting unit (infantry battalion, artillery brigade or cavalry regiment) had it’s own doctor [or RMO]. He was RAMC but came under the commanding officer of the fighting unit he was attached to. The doctor’s role was not only to attend to medical matters but also matters of hygiene, which meant water supply, the preparation of food, and the supervision of sanitary areas all came under his control. The doctor’s daily routine usually began with him doing an inspection of the sick. He then inspected the camp or billets, and the cook houses. The rest of the day would be taken up with the training and supervision of water cart orderlies and stretcher-bearers. To assist him in his duties he would have had an RAMC Sergeant or Corporal attached to him and perhaps 1 or 2 RAMC Privates. When away from the Front Line, the doctor’s post was known as the Camp Reception Station [CRS] or Medical Inspection Room [MI Room] and contained 2 - 6 beds for short term holding for those needing rest but was not sick enough to be evacuated back. “A good M.O. to a battalion was a privileged and important officer. He was usually on intimate terms with his colonel, a friend to all his brother officers, and friend and confidant as well as doctor to the rank and file. Often and often I noticed that a battalion with a first-class M.O. was always a first-class battalion, had the smallest sick parade, fewer men falling out on a long march and the lowest quota of casualties from trench foot.” [Capt Philip Gosse R.A.M.C. ‘Memoirs of a Camp-Follower’ Function of the RAP: When in the trenches the doctor’s post was the RAP. The objective of the exercise was to patch up the wounded and either return them to their duties in the line or pass them back to a Field Ambulance. The RMO had the same staff as mentioned above but this became augmented by a designated number of Stretcher-Bearers. These Regimental Stretcher Bearers came from the fighting unit the RMO was attached to, usually the regimental bandsmen. When under pressure, the RMO could be further assisted with bearer teams from a Field Ambulance. Every soldier had a special pocket in his uniform for his issued ‘First Field Dressing.’ It contained antiseptic pads and two bandages (one for entry wound, one for exit) in a waterproof cover. This dressing was applied by a regimental stretcher-bearer, a comrade, or by the wounded soldier himself, if he was able, in the firing line. If the wounded man was unable to walk, he was carried back via hand or wheeled stretcher to the RAP. The regiment stretcher-bearers had then fulfilled their duty, and it became the RMO’s responsibility for receiving the wounded man, and treating him by checking the dressing, overseeing the splinting of fractures, and ensure everything was being done to stop the patient going into shock. If morphine was given or a tourniquet applied, the soldier’s forehead was marked with a “M” or “T”. If required he would undertake an emergency amputation but large operative treatments were discouraged so close to the fighting and danger. The RMO also completed a Field Medical Card for each patient and fixed it firmly to the patient—generally attaching it to a button by its attached string. This card included the soldier’s name, rank, and unit, a diagnosis, and any special treatments (like operations) performed. As the patient moved down the evacuation chain, the Field Medical Card remained with him so that information could be added to it and his full treatment could be known. The patient was then taken to a designated collecting area to be picked up by stretcher-bearers of the Field Ambulance. Equipment: According to Dr John S G Blair “The basic MO’s drug box in 1914 included phenacetin for headaches, Adrenaline in injectable form, 0.0003gm, one dose to be used as a stimulant.... Dover’s powders for colds, Bismuth salicylate for the stomach, cough medicine, a light aperient calomel, and a strong one, unspecified; quinine sulphate, 2gr (60mg) as a tonic, lead and opium tablets to be made into a lotion as an application for sprains or as an anti-diarrhoeal and, for the doctor to hold safely, morphine sulphate gr 1/4 or grl 1/2 (15 or 30mg). Morphine was to be given “under the tongue or by injection.” There were also methylated spirits, iodine, boric lotion and carbolic acid 1 part in 60 as antiseptics for wounds, Lastly there was sal volatile, to be given for ‘fainting, a few drops in water’.” [Dr John S G Blair ‘Centenary History of The Royal Army Medical Corps]. Equipment at the RAP was supplied by the Field Ambulances and normally consisted of a primus stove and a beatrice stove, along with an acetylene lamp, anti-tetanus serum, assorted bandages, blankets, Boric ointment, cotton wool, first field dressings, plain gauze, shell dressings, Sulphur ointment and a vermoral sprayer. There was also reserve boxes of all of the above, and a hamper containing medical comforts such as brandy, cocoa, bovril, oxo, biscuits etc. Site (time and space): Location requirements: The site of the RAP came under the concern of the officer commanding the fighting unit. It was ideally situated a few metres behind the front line, but near the regiment’s headquarters so the RMO could be provided with early information about the tactical situation. It was also to be located central so it could be easily accessed from any part of the front line in which the regiment is engaged by the wounded. Also in a place that was sheltered to protect all from enemy fire, and easily accessible to the field ambulances who were next in the line of evacuation. Typical facility: RAP’s were usually situated in a dugout, in a communication trench, a ruined house, or a deep shell hole. In areas where constant fighting had occurred over a long period of time, such as Ypres, there was very little cover left so a RAP might have been set up behind a burnt out tank. RAP’s had no holding capacity for the wounded. If the engagement was successful then the RMO moved forward and searched out another area which would come into the above criteria. A yellow flag was put up so that the wounded could find it and runners might be expected to run back to advise the ADMS and the Field Ambulances of the new location. Transport: The RMO was equipped with a horse for his personal use, and a Maltese Cart (a two-wheeled cart suitable for conveying a lying patient) and driver. Alternatively these might have been a light motor van and a small motor-car or a motor-cycle combination. As noted above the RAP would have stretchers for hand carriage and/or wheeled stretchers. The Field Ambulance (of infantry divisions) General definition The Field Ambulance was a complete medical unit made up of previously separate and independent entities. These were The Bearer Division [previously working as Bearer Companies]; The Tent Division [previously working as Field Hospitals] and The Transport Division [Army Service Corps (to be explained further in the Transport of Sick and Wounded section)]. Personnel The Field Ambulance at full strength composed of 10 Officers and 224 men. The Bearer Division had 18 stretcher squads each of 6 men. The Tent Division was comprised of doctors: 9 medical officers and 1 dental officer, as well as 1 Quartermaster of stores, batmen, clerks, cooks, dispensers, nursing orderlies, and the Transport Division, which had 60 men attached from the Army Service Corps. All this made up medical support for one infantry brigade. [Three to every Division]. Each brigade was made up of three to four battalions, so in order to perform it’s duties satisfactorily, the field ambulance was divided into A, B and C Sections These three sections were all capable of carrying out independent action. The headquarters of the Field Ambulance always formed part of ‘A’ Section. The three sections were further sub-divided into three parts to incorporate the bearer division, the tent division and the transport division. Function of the Field Ambulance When away from the trenches a field ambulance’s role was to keep the fighting men fit and healthy. This was achieved by setting up Divisional Rest Stations [DRS] and baths (usually sited in a Brewery where up to 50 men could be bathed at a time in the large vats). They were also allocated special tasks such as providing treatment at scabies centers or other ailments. When in the trenches its role was similar to modern day emergency ambulance services: to collect and transport patients to someone with specialized knowledge or to specialist equipment, whilst monitoring them, and treating them if necessary to ensure their condition remains stable. The personnel serving in the field ambulance achieved this by setting up various designated posts and sections according to distance from the RAPs to the Casualty Clearing Stations. The Bearer Division were the stretcher-bearers responsible for collecting the wounded, whilst the Tent Division were the medical staff responsible for the treatment of their wounds. Before any major offensive, the three Field Ambulances of a Division joined together and acted as one to form and oversee the various posts and stations. One way of knowing how the field ambulances were arranged for any particular battle is to look at the war diary of the ADMS of that Division. The various designated posts and sections of a Field Ambulance: Advanced Dressing Stations [ADS]: Location and Construction: There were normally two ADSs to every Division. In areas where the Divisional line became narrow one ADS would be established for the sole use of that Division and one would be shared with the Division to their left or their right. ADSs were set up as far forward as military conditions would permit. Ideally, this was about 400 yards behind the RAPs. Preferable locations were large houses, schools or churches but tents were used where necessary. In all events they needed to provide living accommodation for the officers and men; shelter from the weather; be inconspicuous and provide protection from the enemy, and had to be easily accessible with an entrance and an exit. Personnel: The personnel of each ADS were 3 officers and 53 ordinary ranks. Of these 1 officer was the Officer Commanding. 36 Privates would be employed as stretcher-bearers, with 1 officer supervising them. The others would be employed as clerks, dressers and cooks. If the ADS became overwhelmed with casualties the above personnel could increase. Equipment: Typical equipment for the ADS included stretchers, notice boards and flags for marking routes, empty petrol tins for water and kettles, hot water bottles, acetylene lamps, blankets, ground sheets, pyjama suits, stomach warmers, anti-tetanus serum, chloroform and No 1 Field Pannier, which included: wool, gauze, plain lint, shell dressings, 3 and 6 inch and triangular bandages, a jaconet and a calico, towels, nail brushes, safety pins, plasters, towels, tourniquets, a tincture of iodine, rum jars filled with eusol, and splints for leg and back as well as the Thomas splint. Duties: The ADS was the first line of documentation for the RAMC, [i.e. Admission and Discharge books, war diaries etc]. Stretcher-bearers went forward and collected the sick and wounded from the RAP and carried them back to the ADS. A patient’s medical condition was then assessed to make sure bandages had not loosened or become too tight, and also that the patient was not haemorrhaging or going into shock. Special attention was given to those marked with a “M” or “T” (morphine or tourniquet) at the RAP, and careful examination was given to see if the tourniquet needed to remain or not. Surgery was not undertaken at an ADS unless absolutely necessary as it had no holding capacity. It was simply an intermediate stop to assess the patient. Those who were deemed to be urgent cases were transferred to the Main Dressing Station. Those who were not deemed as urgent cases were transferred straight to the Casualty Clearing Stations. “It was now eleven o’clock of a pitch black night with threatening rain... We were in for a busy night, for all the stretcher parties from the various ambulances were out in the field collecting the wounded, whose arrival was expected now at any moment. An operating tent had been pitched in the field near by, and was brilliantly lit up with a huge acetylene lamp. The operating table was fixed in the centre of the tent and along each side were the instruments, basins, and dressings lying on the lids of the panniers, which made excellent side-tables. Very soon the ambulances lumbered up with the men picked up from the fields close at hand. The stretchers, each holding a wounded man, were taken out of the waggons and laid on a heap of straw near the door of the operating tent. Sixteen men were taken out and laid side by side. New Stretchers were put in the waggons, which again set out to bring in more wounded. One surgeon stood on one side of the operating table, another stood opposite him, and a third surgeon was ready to assist or give an anaesthetic if necessary. Quietly and quickly one wounded man after another was lifted on to the table, his wounds were speedily dressed, and he was again carried out and laid on the straw with a blanket below and another above him. Those with painful wounds were given hypodermics of morphia. All who were fit to take nourishment had hot soup, tea, bread and jam. Stimulants were given freely to those requiring it. The wounds were mostly from shrapnel, and only one case required an anaesthetic. He had a bad compound fracture of the thigh and was in terrible pain. We made some good splints and fixed up the limb comfortably and in good position. One poor devil had a bad abdominal wound for which we could do nothing. He was given a good dose of morphia and slept quietly till five a.m., when he ceased to breathe. At one o’clock in the morning wounded were still coming in, and the surgeon on duty was relieved by myself. So with coat off, bare arms and covered with an operating apron, I did my spell of surgical duty during that night on the banks of the Marne. Our stretcher parties at last were finished, and had all come in with the report that all wounded had been brought in...... At six o’clock our large list of wounded were sent off the railhead at Coulommiers on returning-empty supply waggons and under the charge of a medical officer. The operating tent was struck and all the panniers and equipment were packed. The Field Ambulance had done its ‘job’.” [Lt Arthur Anderson Martin R.A.M.C. ‘A Surgeon in Khaki’] Main Dressing Stations [MDS]: Location and Construction: There was normally one MDS to every Division. They were formed by the Headquarters of the Field Ambulance [section A]. Ideally MDSs were sited roughly one-mile behind the ADSs. But in the Great War this was seldom the case, partly due to topography, but also because a MDS needed approximately 300 X 200 yards of space to provide sufficient room should it be taken over by a Casualty Clearing Station during an advance. The ideal location was a large building where water, light, heating and drainage were already supplied. If no buildings were available, then roughly 9 tents were used, with 1 reserved as an operating room. MDSs needed to be located between the ADS and the Casualty Clearing Stations, closer to the latter if possible. They did not need protection from shell fire, but cover from the splinters of bombs had to be taken into account. Structure: Every MDS was organised with six sections: 1) Receiving Section provided hot drinks, sandwiches, and cigarettes. 2) Recording Section where clerks took patient information and examined Field Medical cards 3) Resuscitation Section for warming and reviving those suffering from shock or the effects of haemorrhage. 4) Dressing Station where dressing were applied, and any urgent surgical treatment, administration of A.T.S. or morphia, if not carried out already. 5) Gas Section to keep gas victims away from other patients. 6) Evacuation Section where the patient’s treatment was classified with whatever they were suffering from and how they were treated, and they awaited evacuation. Other space was allocated for a mortuary, a cookhouse, stores, and living accommodation for officers and others ranks. Personnel: The personnel of each MDS included the Officer Commanding, 2 Medical Officers, a Dental Officer, a Quartermaster and 59 other RAMC ranks, along with 1 Royal Army Service Corps officer, and 44 other ranks ASC attached. Equipment: Typical equipment at the MDS was very much the same as the ADS, with additions of oxygen apparatus, operating lamps collapsible trestles and a field dental outfit. Duties: The MDS was further away from the firing line so was able to be better equipped to provide accommodation and treatment than an ADS. Urgent operations were more readily performed, and better arrangements could be provided for the resuscitation of those suffering from shock or haemorrhage, or both. Walking Wounded Collecting Posts [WWCP] During a major offensive the ADS quickly became congested. If it were pre-judged that this was likely to happen, then a WWCP was set up - one to every Division. It was generally believed that the walking wounded were able to walk slightly farther than the ADS, therefore a WWCP was often constructed at a location between the ADS and the MDS. Location: Ideally, a WWCP was sited with easy access from the front line and the ADS, and also close to a road leading to a Casualty Clearing Station so that transport could reach it. The route was set up close to the stretcher-bearers’ route in case the walking wounded man collapsed on his way to the WWCP. The route from the Front to the WWCP was clearly marked with notice boards or directing flags. The Post would have been sited behind the usual range of artillery fire but protection from splinters was accounted for it when a location was being formed - usually in a building or farm house but marquees were also used. Personnel & Equipment: The WWCP was staffed by personnel from a Field Ambulance section, but there were no specific arrangements, and there was no scale laid down for equipment. A suggested guide for equipment was 5 Thomas Splints, stretchers, blankets, waterproof sheets, soyer’s stoves, camp kettles, petrol tins for water, drinking mugs, and one medical companion and first medical panniers (pairs). Also dressings and light refreshments for approximately 300 cases. Structure: Similar to the MDS, the WWCP consisted of a Reception Section, a Recording Section, a Dressing Section, and an Evacuation Section. No operations or complicated dressing were done at the Posts. When leaving the Post, the wounded men were transferred to the MDS or the Casualty Clearing Station, whichever was deemed appropriate. Bearer Relay Posts [BRP] At times when it was impossible to get the ADSs optimally close to the fighting units due to unsuitable topography for motor transport, bad weather, or deteriorated land due to heavy shelling, the field ambulance set up relay posts. It was acknowledged at the time that bearers could not carry loaded stretchers more than half a mile over difficult ground, meaning that a relay post would be set up roughly every half a mile. There were no medical facilities set up at relay posts, they merely existed so that stretcher-bearers could pass their carry to the next set of stretcher-bearers and then return to the RAP to pick up new casualties needing to be carried. Collecting Posts [BCP, CCP or DCP] Collecting posts were set up where two or more evacuation routes met on the main route back from the Front lines. These could be Bearer Collecting Posts, where two or more relay posts merged, or could be set up further away from the front lines when evacuation routes from different Divisions or different Corps came together. Collecting Posts were mainly a holding area for wounded whilst they waited to be collected by either motor or horse transport. Although there were no medical facilities set up at these posts, they were often staffed by personnel from a Field Ambulance section to check dressings and supply a drink or something to eat. Transport Casualties were transport from the ADSs to the MDSs and Casualty Clearing Stations via horse wagons and motor ambulances. (to be explained further in the Transport of Sick and Wounded section) The Cavalry Field Ambulance (of cavalry divisions) General Definition: The definition and function of the Cavalry Field Ambulance was the same as the Infantry Field Ambulance. The difference is that is was smaller and because cavalry regiments were much more mobile than infantry regiments, their Field Ambulances had to be much more mobile. They would open, treat the wounded, then close and move much more frequently. “In view of the high degree of mobility requisite and the frequent moves that may be necessary, the personnel must be highly trained. Each man must know his job, and must be able to do it speedily. Loading, unloading, pitching and striking the shelter, together with arranging the equipment, must be practiced until this can be done in the minimum of time. An efficient team can establish the ADS in 10 mins” [Lt.Col E C Sandilands, RAMC ‘Journal of the RAMC, September 1935.] Personnel: Their personnel consisted of 6 Officers and 70 other ranks, RAMC. There were four Field Ambulances per Cavalry Division, each sub-divided into two sections; ‘A’ Section and ‘B’ Section. Procedure: “The usual procedure in action is that the ambulance is divided into tent and bearer sections, the former of which establish a temporary hospital of fifty beds some five miles behind the firing line. The bearer section goes forward and gets into touch with the regiment attached R.A.M.C. Officer at this regimental aid post when the cavalry are engaged in reconnaissance. From the aid post they will move cases in light wagons to the temporary hospital...... Professional work for officers consists of emergency operations and quick evacuation of wounded to the lines of communication. It does not burden itself with chronic cases, as it is a highly mobile force and must be ready to move forward at the shortest possible notice in conjunction with the cavalry brigade.” [Maj H Norman Barnett R.A.M.C. ‘The Work of a Cavalry Field Ambulance’] Evacuation Zone - Casualty Clearing Station. [CCS]. Main function: Casualty Clearing Stations were the pivot point in which the whole system of evacuation turned from collecting casualties to distributing them. When created in 1907, they were intended to act as sorting centres to facilitate the movement of casualties from the Field Ambulances onto the Base Hospitals. Their role was to act as a temporary reception area for the sick and wounded, and their prime duty was to arrange for and prepare patients for satisfactory evacuation rather than of active treatment. Their function, therefore, was similar to those of the Tent Division of a Field Ambulance but dealing with larger numbers of casualties and out of range of shell fire. As they evolved, however, their role became similar to modern day Accident and Emergency (A&E) Departments. Casualties were received, assessed, then divided into three categories (known today as triage). These categories were: Non-serious cases - to be returned to duty after recuperation and rest. Serious cases but still fit to travel - to be immediately evacuated back to the base hospitals. Serious cases in urgent need of immediate treatment. Casualties were provided with food and rest, and were prepared for their further journey, which could have been immediate or after recuperation. The main objective was to provide necessary treatment and move patients out as quickly as possible. However, as a result of their evolution and expansion, it became possible for recuperating patients to be retained for up to four weeks before being returned to their units or transferred to a General Hospital via Ambulance Trains or Inland Water Transport (barge). Evolution of their function: The discussion of CCSs is difficult to generalize because they were the one link in the evacuation chain that radically evolved over the course of the war. The CCS of 1914 was not the CCS of 1918. 1914 and 1915: CCSs mobilized in August 1914 under the title ‘Clearing Hospitals’. During the 1914 retreat, the equipment of most of the Clearing Hospitals was still in transit, consequently, they did not start to become fully effective units until early 1915. By this time it had become obvious to the medical services that there was public and professional confusion about the CCS’s role. Was it a sorting centre or a hospital as it’s title suggested? This resulted in their official title being changed to ‘Casualty Clearing Station’. In spite of the name change, very high volumes of urgent cases, (i.e, gas gangrene or abdominal injuries) arrived at the CCSs at an alarming rate. Unequipped to deal with this influx, in early 1915, the Director General of Medical Services (D.G.M.S.) approved the increase of surgical work and appropriated extra surgical equipment to be moved forward from the hospitals to the CCSs. By the middle of 1915 it became standard practice for head injuries, compound fractures, and penetrating wounds of the limb to be sent straight to CCSs. 1916: Despite surgery now taking place in CCSs, surgeons began arguing that facilities were required to enable surgery to take place even closer to the Front lines, to prevent a potentially fatal delay in the treatment of infected wounds. Post mortums of abdominal cases had revealed that most had died of hemorrhaging, which might have been avoided by earlier surgery. It was argued that Field Ambulances were not able to provide such facilities because of post-operative care - it was not advisable to move patients immediately after an operation and Field Ambulances were frequently on the move. Also, they were not in a position to provide patients with comfortable beds or nursing care, thus hindering a patients’ recuperation time, Arrangements for sterilizing instruments and gowns etc were also more difficult at Field Ambulances. All evidence indicated that the success rate for abdominal surgery was much higher when performed at CCSs rather than Field Ambulances, so all in all it was decided to bring CCSs in as close as 10,000 yards from the Front lines as opposed to roughly 20 kilometers away. This, however, resulted in them now coming under enemy attack, especially from aircraft bombing. Their positioning at railheads meant that CCSs were now becoming static and, despite the name change, were becoming more like hospitals. In some areas though, it was impossible to bring a CCS very close due to unfavourable topography. This resulted in the formation of Advanced Operating Centres and Abdominal Hospitals. (see ‘Formation’ section) 1917: By 1917, more operations were performed at CCSs than base hospitals. From 24th July 1917, the distribution of sick and wounded to CCSs was regulated in accordance of the D.M.S. of the Fifth Army to treat certain types of wounds. The Field Ambulances became the sorting centres, separating, for example head wounds from stomach wounds at the ADSs, and transporting them to the relevant CCS. Specific CCSs were also allocated to treat self-inflicted wounds, as well as infectious cases, and those who were gassed. Other measures established at CCSs in 1917 were surgical cleaning of wounds before evacuation to the base, the principle of retaining so-called shell shock cases, and measures to deal with mustard gas, which was used by the enemy for the time in 1917. Also by 1917 nursing sisters were successfully trained in the administration of anaesthetics, which was successful and freed up more than a hundred medical officers for other duties. 1918: The spring 1918 German offensive placed the CCSs in danger of becoming part of front line action, which caused them to become mobile again and retreat. By June 1918 they had reduced in size, and many had lost their equipment to the enemy - some sent by transport to a different location, and some taken by the enemy. They were no longer situated on railheads or in other areas designed to promote easy evacuation of the wounded because they had been on the move. By the time of the Allied Counter-Offensive in August, they had recovered their losses, but it was agreed, that although they would be placed as far forward as possible, they must remain sufficiently mobile to keep up pace with any advance or retreat. Personnel: In normal circumstances CCS personnel would included 8 Medical Officers (The C/O, 6 doctors, and 1 surgical specialist), 1 Quartermaster, 7 QAIMNS, and 77 other ranks (working as clerks, cooks, nursing orderlies, theatre orderlies, stretcher-bearers etc.) Often a dentist and a pathologist were attached. Non-medical personnel attached would include 3 chaplains, 4 lorry drivers, 2 Royal Engineers personnel - an electrician and engine hand, and men from the Army Service Corps, employed as ambulance drivers. This small staff was sufficient in quiet times but totally inadequate during battle. In times of heavy fighting, the number of personnel could be increased and specialized by bringing ‘Surgical Teams’ forward. A surgical team was made up of a surgeon, an anaesthetist, a theatre sister, 2 theatre orderlies, 4 stretcher bearers, and a batman. The extra personnel were brought in from hospitals at the base, or from CCSs and/or Field Ambulances which were not engaged in active operations. Additional nursing sisters were also attached in proportion from 7 to 24 or more. The organization for reinforcements during a major battle gave no provision for additional rank and file, (i.e. men to assist with the unloading of motor ambulance cars as they came in, and loading patients onto ambulance trains.) To meet this demand, detachments of 50 or more low category men, or men from labour companies or other sources, or even convalescent patients were attached to CCSs. Formation/Location: As a general rule there was one CCS per Division. It was found, though, that 10 CCSs were sufficient to treat the wounded in most major offensives. This allowed surplus CCSs to be employed for the reception of sick, infectious diseases, or special cases, such as head wounds, abdominal wounds, etc. In September 1916, every CCS was divided into a heavy and a light section. The light section was designed to be able to move forward or retire in line with the troops at a moment’s notice. A light section was also used to set up Advanced Operating Centres or Abdominal Hospitals. CCSs usually worked in groups of twos or threes, and in relay. This meant one would be closed and treating casualties for evacuation by train or ambulance to the Base Area, whilst the other would be empty and readying itself to receive new casualties. When the second one became full it would close, but the first would by now be empty and ready to receive new casualties again. A third would only be treating the sick, but would evacuate to receive battle casualties in an emergency. Each CCS took around 150 to 200 wounded before they closed and new patients arriving were redirected to another CCS. Early CCSs were established in buildings, but with the need for expansion, they began setting up on open ground, using tents and hospital Nissen huts. When on open ground they were situated near a railway siding for their own use, with a good road and communication towards the Front. The tents and huts provided accommodation for staff, and wounded, as well as operating theatres, medical and surgical stores, kitchens, sanitation, incineration plant, ablutions, and a mortuary. Portable generators were supplied to provide lighting. The conditions which determined the selection of sites for CCSs were: proximity to railways, good road approaches, reasonable security from hostile artillery fire, and adequate water supply. Capacity: Early CCSs were set up to provide accommodation for 200 patients, however the number of surgical operations being performed by 1917 meant they had expanded greatly, and were able to receive between 800 - 1,200 sick and wounded. Procedure: The standard system of receiving and treating casualties arriving at a CCS meant patients would go through: The stretcher exchange dump - where the drivers of motor ambulances delivered casualties and exchanged the equivalent of equipment handed in. A general admission tent or hut, or a receiving section - where a patient’s particulars were recorded in an Admission and Discharge (A & D) book, and his medical condition was classified by a medical officer. Refreshments such as tea, coffee, hot soup, sandwiches, and cigarettes were supplied here for waiting patients. A patient might then go to: A section for the dressing of walking patients: Here a patient might sit on benches, where he was attended to by a sister and/or orderlies working under a medical officer. A section for the dressing of lying down patients: Stretcher cases were carried here. If the patient’s wound was slight, it would be dressed, and the patient was then taken to the evacuation ward. If his wounds were more serious he was passed on to the pre-operation ward. A pre-operation section: Here the patient’s clothes were cut away, and he was cleansed, warmed and fed. A resuscitation ward: If on arrival the patient’s condition was too unstable for surgery, he was taken to the resuscitation ward, where a medical officer, a sister, and orderlies attended to his revivification. He was rested, warmed, infused or transfused - whichever might have been necessary. X-ray department: There were six mobile X-Ray units serving in the British Expeditionary Force during the Great War and these were sent to assist the CCS's during the great battles. Operating theatre: After 1916 there could be one or two theatres accommodating up to 12 tables arranged in pairs, each pair being divided from the other to provide privacy. Two tables were often provided for each team in order to save time. Surgical teams often worked in groups of 3 for 8 hours shifts with 4 hours off to sleep. This pattern could enable two operating tables to run continuously for a week. In reality, different CCSs worked in different ways. Major Richard Christopher Clarke R.A.M.C. of No 19 CCS stated that during one offensive “The surgeons were to do sixteen-hour shifts with eight hours off, thus giving us four tables going day and night.” Evacuation Section: After an operation, the patient could be carried here to await evacuation back to a Base Hospital. As stated above, slightly wounded were sent here after their wounds were dressed. Retention ward: If the patient was too ill to be evacuated, he was taken to a retention ward. These were situated at the back of the CCS in as quiet a place as possible. He was attended to here by the nurses and medical officers. Major Clarke provides a good insight into how the CCS’s procedure worked “The commanding officer was to be responsible for the administration and evacuation, and I was responsible for every case until operated on or marked for immediate evacuation.... In the theatre we had six tables, and the anaesthetist started the next case while the surgeon was dressing the last. Each surgeon had a sister and one trained orderly, and there was a free N.C.O and a free sister in the theatre to do sterilizing of instruments, etc. When it is realized that by this system no surgeon saw the case he was to operate on until he was under the anaesthetic, the proper selection of cases was of the utmost importance, and that is why we arranged that one man, myself, should stand the racket of any mistake. For this purpose in the dressing-room I had twelve tables to fit stretchers and twelve orderlies, one to each table, and a most efficient corporal in charge. Every case was brought in, put on the table, his wounds undone and a decision made, by me, as to his disposal, either to the resuscitation ward, to the pre-operation ward, to a ward especially kept for the dying, straight to one of the surgical wards or for immediate evacuation. My problem in a battle was to keep all the surgeons busy with cases really urgently needing operation. At the same time I had not to send so many to the pre-operating room that the last case would have to wait longer for his operation than if sent to the base; and, above all, not to send cases in for operation so badly wounded as to be unlikely to recover. It was a fairly difficult business, but by being kept informed of train times, by interviewing ambulance drivers and finding if more were to come, and being in and out of the pre-operation room and theatre, I was able to get a fair idea of the position.” [The Evolution of A Casualty Clearing Station on the Western Front - the presidential address, delivered on 14th October 1936, at the opening of the sixty-fourth session of the Bristol Medico-Chirurgical society.] Equipment: In 1914, there were no definite regulations limiting the amount of material and tentage which could be added to CCSs. Individual commanding officers requisitioned for whatever equipment they might consider necessary. However, it was recommended that every CCS have tents to accommodate 200 patients, 210 stretchers, 200 Paillasse cases, 200 bolster cases, 480 sheets, 50 feather pillows, 400 blankets, along with sufficient cooking and feeding utensils, medical stores and comforts, and surgical equipment. Surgical equipment comprised of: 1 small operating tent, 1 operating table, a few wooden splints, and a few yards of aluminum splinting. Doctors were encouraged to use local resources to obtain what they required. In June 1915, a further increase of equipment was authorized and CCSs were supplied with the ‘Bowlby Outfit No 2’. Later in the war small operating tents/areas were replaced by a Nissan hut of 60 feet in length and 20 feet in width - room for 4 operating tables and their equipment. Due to the vast expansion of CCSs, it became necessary to regulate the quantity of equipment allocated. The new scale equipment was issued in routine orders. Sets of equipment were kept in reserve at the Base Depot of Medical Stores in Boulogne and was sent up when required. This equipment list is far too large to state here but can be found in Volume II of the Medical Services General Official History and Volume I of the Medical Services Surgery of the War. Transport: There was no scale for transport laid down for the units in 1914 mobilization tables, but a footnote explained that if transport was required it would be furnished under the orders of the Inspector-General of communications. It was advised they should receive 17 general service wagons and 8 or 9 3-ton motor lorries when the unit was on the move. However, after they had expanded it was documented that as many as 100, or even in one case 200, lorry loads or a complete train of goods vans had been used. | High | [
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Tyner, Kentucky Tyner is an unincorporated community located in Jackson County, Kentucky, United States. The town is located at the junction of U.S. Route 421 and Kentucky Route 3630. Tyner currently has a post office and a Dollar General store at the town's center, with a gas station one mile north on US 421. The community's elementary school is located three miles west along KY 3630. Although the town its self is small in size and could be considered a hamlet, a lot of the area in southeast Jackson County is called Tyner by locals. This is evidenced by Lake Beulah, a reservoir two miles north of the community, which is closer to the neighboring Gray Hawk community, being called Tyner Lake by locals. References Category:Unincorporated communities in Jackson County, Kentucky Category:Unincorporated communities in Kentucky | Mid | [
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-70 < 3922? True Is -35067 bigger than -35065? False Which is smaller: -2/7168871 or 1? -2/7168871 Which is bigger: -686 or -699? -686 Which is smaller: -8260/31 or -265? -8260/31 Is 6 > -1/28685? True Is 12544/279 less than 46? True Is 1 != -6/1516561? True Is 43953 greater than 43977? False Which is smaller: -28 or 1136? -28 Which is smaller: -33.4 or -3451? -3451 Are 2725 and 1188 nonequal? True Which is smaller: -1831 or -3288? -3288 Which is greater: 57810 or 15? 57810 Which is bigger: 1/2 or 113931? 113931 Which is greater: -9823 or -9825? -9823 Does -47/2999 = 0? False Which is greater: -10/104411 or 1? 1 Which is greater: 15325 or 15326? 15326 Is -1178 <= -1185? False Is 216 at least as big as -234? True Which is smaller: -397/1209 or -2? -2 Is 486925 bigger than 486925? False Is 10649 less than or equal to 10616? False Which is smaller: -4077 or -4092? -4092 Are -1 and 4/683859 equal? False Is -195 less than -618? False Which is smaller: 936/21841 or 1? 936/21841 Which is bigger: -1/2 or 0.1614969? 0.1614969 Which is smaller: -114.87 or -0.1? -114.87 Is 0.1 at least -302/6295? True Is 4637 bigger than 4515? True Which is smaller: 171.06 or -4? -4 Is -2241865/7 at least -320266? False Do -1295 and -1294 have the same value? False Is 12/62107 != 0.2? True Which is bigger: -26097 or -26096? -26096 Which is greater: -34104 or -34107? -34104 Which is bigger: -294 or 3558? 3558 Which is smaller: -21/12515 or 1? -21/12515 Is -1 < -2/472413? True Which is smaller: 0.974 or 361? 0.974 Which is smaller: 0 or -36/98891? -36/98891 Is -6190 at least as big as -6194? True Is 0 bigger than 39732? False Is 22148 equal to 22144? False Is -26/2387 greater than 1? False Which is greater: 1677 or 1658? 1677 Which is smaller: -152253 or -1674792/11? -1674792/11 Which is smaller: 122206 or 733243/6? 122206 Is -2528/21 greater than 29/3? False Are -16755 and -16749 nonequal? True Which is smaller: 17864 or 17829? 17829 Are -1700 and -2601 unequal? True Which is smaller: -973023 or -973021? -973023 Which is smaller: 1 or 21/8725? 21/8725 Which is smaller: 2/5 or -18049? -18049 Is -2292 less than 129? True Which is smaller: -0.544 or -10/3? -10/3 Which is bigger: 3928 or 1? 3928 Is -738654 greater than -738653? False Is 272 less than 9679? True Is 5155 at most as big as -40? False Which is smaller: -478/215 or -3? -3 Do 1 and 358/5387 have the same value? False Is 15565 at most as big as 15509? False Which is smaller: 14079 or 19? 19 Which is greater: -250 or -62? -62 Which is greater: 6570 or 6567? 6570 Is 30/67 at most as big as 1/10? False Is -104046 at least as big as -104049? True Is -6337 smaller than -6333? True Which is smaller: 4 or -847? -847 Is -23263 bigger than -23267? True Is -1045 less than or equal to -1247? False Which is bigger: 0 or -13081.6? 0 Is -2/17 greater than or equal to -4958? True Which is greater: 151991 or 151995? 151995 Is 20459 less than or equal to 20457? False Is -1/14 > 522? False Which is smaller: -2/3 or -75742/5? -75742/5 Which is smaller: 2636 or 2295? 2295 Are 317355 and 317379 non-equal? True Which is smaller: 410014 or 410009? 410009 Is -2242 less than -159? True Which is greater: 20/7 or 1/5449? 20/7 Which is greater: -12905 or -90338/7? -12905 Are 16006 and 16003 nonequal? True Is 5899 < 4? False Which is smaller: 1570365 or 1570363? 1570363 Is -1450760 equal to -3? False Is -27/4598 not equal to 0? True Is 12581 at most as big as 12566? False Is -760581 bigger than -760578? False Which is smaller: -37/5 or -0.304? -37/5 Which is bigger: 911/54 or 17? 17 Which is smaller: -242393 or -242389? -242393 Which is smaller: -2496656 or -2496658? -2496658 Which is bigger: -157586 or -315173/2? -157586 Is 113421 greater than or equal to 113420? True Which is greater: 242030 or 242028? 242030 Is 33603 greater than or equal to 37? True Which is greater: 0.1 or 4/237? 0.1 Is 77237 less than or equal to 77238? True Is 1 > 21/76019? True Which is greater: -1423 or -1424? -1423 Do 30996 and 30994 have different values? True Which is smaller: -6548 or -6539? -6548 Is 42/126575 equal to 0? False Are 0.1 and -7118.403 unequal? True Is 40048 at least as big as 40080? False Is -3595 at least as big as -3592? False Is -8445 at most -8445? True Is -6786 at most -128932/19? True Are -2/98463 and 1 equal? False Which is bigger: -677836 or -677826? -677826 Is -147562 at most as big as -590245/4? True Is -966/4079 at most 0? True Are 2/161443 and 0 nonequal? True Which is greater: 0 or -93/1429? 0 Which is smaller: -2577/22 or -116? -2577/22 Which is smaller: 0 or 8/4163? 0 Is -515960 smaller than -3095759/6? True Which is greater: -1741713 or -1741714? -1741713 Are 170647 and 170641 nonequal? True Is 75/1793 less than 0? False Is 0 at least -101993? True Which is smaller: 7527510 or 0? 0 Is -17962 at most as big as -17963? False Which is smaller: 28745/21 or 1370? 28745/21 Is 22874 smaller than -3? False Is 0 less than or equal to 15/898162? True Which is smaller: 18816/71 or -1? -1 Which is smaller: 39910 or 39912? 39910 Which is bigger: 47 or -620? 47 Is -605 less than 3.5? True Is 13 > -18154? True Is -2843660/9 != -315962? True Is -1021305 > -1021304? False Is -195 less than 560? True Which is bigger: 261 or 1.63? 261 Which is greater: 9 or 1120/29? 1120/29 Are 63792 and 255167/4 non-equal? True Is 336767 bigger than 336766? True Is -1497 != -1505? True Is -2/346635 > -1? True Is -1036.54 less than 0.2? True Which is bigger: -15 or -30695? -15 Is 187 <= 238? True Is 0.07 <= 6401? True Is 1 smaller than -4/648651? False Is -423 less than -11407/27? True Is 523777 > 523779? False Which is bigger: -908178 or -908176? -908176 Do -20082 and -20067 have the same value? False Which is smaller: 84 or 3657/44? 3657/44 Do -36622 and 0 have different values? True Are 201662 and -1 unequal? True Is -746/31 at least as big as -1? False Does 0 = 12/76417? False Is -424043 <= -424043? True Is 7753 equal to 8097? False Is -336005 at most as big as -672011/2? False Is 3772 smaller than 1239? False Which is smaller: -1116748 or -1116749? -1116749 Which is smaller: 405 or 23126/57? 405 Which is smaller: 1481/124 or 12? 1481/124 Are 0.07 and -56.52 equal? False Which is greater: -11376 or -11378? -11376 Is 2/2337 less than 13? True Is 9.63355 at most 2/5? False Is 106 greater than -9815? True Which is bigger: 2/191443 or 1? 1 Which is bigger: -169 or -365? -169 Which is smaller: -9195 or -9197? -9197 Which is greater: -1 or 1/328916? 1/328916 Is 98916 greater than 197831/2? True Is 18207/260 bigger than 71? False Is 1 at most -148/463? False Which is smaller: 15638 or 15627? 15627 Which is bigger: -1 or -2/1029467? -2/1029467 Is 0 >= 1/67769? False Which is smaller: -130206 or -130207? -130207 Is -1 >= 67/2438? False Which is smaller: 20694 or 20661? 20661 Which is smaller: -389067/4 or -97266? -389067/4 Which is smaller: -1300 or -1253? -1300 Which is smaller: 15023 or 15028? 15023 Which is bigger: 104/3837 or -1? 104/3837 Is -175 not equal to -3? True Which is smaller: -255103 or 2.1? -255103 Which is bigger: 5 or 638/151? 5 Which is greater: -36321 or -36323? -36321 Which is smaller: 2076 or 2062? 2062 Is -0.065 > 28.5? False Does -44170 = -44171? False Which is smaller: 1 or 909/745? 1 Is 2/7 <= 1553470? True Which is greater: 5372 or 5403? 5403 Which is smaller: -4 or -664/193? -4 Which is greater: -1 or -15/168677? -15/168677 Is -3798/1465 not equal to -3? True Which is greater: -66097 or -66132? -66097 Is 8140 > 8059? True Which is greater: -16700/13 or -1285? -16700/13 Is -744766 equal to -744768? False Which is bigger: 840/53 or -22? 840/53 Which is greater: 2/4265 or 0.01? 0.01 Which is smaller: -130186 or -130188? -130188 Which is smaller: -5990 or -5768? -5990 Which is smaller: -5/664162 or 1? -5/664162 Is 115567 > 115566? True Which is greater: 1 or -36/3571? 1 Is 2124 < 2124? False Which is greater: 0 or 69/2564? 69/2564 Are 12399 and 12235 nonequal? True Which is smaller: 279851 or 279847? 279847 Which is smaller: 11/57311 or 0? 0 Which is smaller: 797/1614 or 1? 797/1614 Which is smaller: -1647675 or -1647674? -1647675 Which is smaller: -1/6 or -73969? -73969 Is 0.05 < 0.833? True Which is greater: -199386 or -199387? -199386 Which is | Low | [
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--- abstract: 'In [@LWZ], we established Liouville-type theorems and decay estimates for solutions of a class of high order elliptic equations and systems without the boundedness assumptions on the solutions. In this paper, we continue our work in [@LWZ] to investigate the role of boundedness assumption in proving Liouville-type theorems for fully nonlinear equations. We remove the boundedness assumption of solutions which was often required in the proof of Liouville-type theorems for fully nonlinear elliptic equations or systems in half spaces. We also prove the Liouville-type theorems for supersolutions of a system of fully nonlinear equations with Pucci extremal operators in half spaces.' address: - | Guozhen Lu\ Department of Mathematics\ Wayne State University\ Detroit, MI 48202, USA\ Emails: [email protected] - | Jiuyi Zhu\ Department of Mathematics\ Wayne State University\ Detroit, MI 48202, USA\ Emails: [email protected] author: - Guozhen Lu and Jiuyi Zhu title: 'Liouville-type theorems for fully nonlinear elliptic equations and systems in half spaces' --- [^1] Introduction ============ The article is devoted to the study of Liouville-type theorems for nonnegative viscosity solution or supersolutions of a class of fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations and systems in a half space $\mathbb R^n_+$, i.e. either $$\left\{ \begin{array}{lll} F(x, D^2u)+u^p= 0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+,\\ u=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{on} \ \partial \mathbb R^n_+ \end{array} \right. \label{bin}$$ or $$\left\{ \begin{array}{lll} F(x, D^2u)+v^p =0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+,\\ F(x, D^2v)+u^q =0\quad \quad &\mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+ \end{array} \right. \label{bin1}$$ where $\mathbb R^n_+=\{x=(x', x_n)\in \mathbb R^{n-1}\times \mathbb R| x_n>0\}$ with $n\geq 2$. A continuous function $F: \mathbb R^n\times S_n\to \mathbb R $ is referred as an uniformly elliptic equation with ellipticity $0<\lambda\leq \Lambda$ if for all $M, P\in S_n$ with $P\geq 0$ (nonnegative definite), it holds that $$\lambda tr(P)\leq F(x, M+P)-F(x,M)\leq \Lambda tr(P), \label{unf}$$ where $S_n$ is the space of all real symmetric $n\times n$ matrix, and $tr(P)$ is the trace of $P\in S_n$. Liouville-type theorems are powerful tools in proving a priori bounds for nonnegative solutions in a bounded domain. They are widely applied in obtaining a priori estimate for solutions of elliptic equations in the literature. Using the “blow-up” method (also called rescaling argument) [@GS], an equation in a bounded domain will blow up into another equation in the whole Euclidean space or a half space. With the aid of the corresponding Liouville-type theorem in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^n$ and half space $\mathbb R^n_+$ and a contradiction argument, the a priori bounds could be readily derived. Moreover, the existence of nonnegative solutions to elliptic equations is established by the topological degree method using a priori estimates (see. e.g. [@DLN]) . In this paper we mainly consider the model in the case that $F(x, D^2u)=\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)$. Here $ \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)$ is the Pucci extremal operator with parameters $0<\lambda\leq\Lambda$, defined by $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(M)=\Lambda\sum_{e_i>0} e_i+\lambda \sum_{e_i<0} e_i$$ for any symmetric $n\times n$ matrix $M$, where $e_i=e_i(M), i=1, \cdots, n$, denotes the eigenvalue of $M$. While $\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(M)$ is defined as $$\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(M)=\lambda\sum_{e_i>0} e_i+\Lambda \sum_{e_i>0} e_i.$$ Pucci’s operators are extremal in the sense that $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(M)=\sup_{A\in\mathcal{A}_{\lambda, \Lambda}}tr(AM),$$ $$\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(M)=\inf_{A\in\mathcal{A}_{\lambda, \Lambda}}tr(AM)$$ with $$\mathcal{A}_{\lambda, \Lambda}=\{ A \in S_n: \lambda|\xi|^2\leq A\xi\cdot\xi^T\leq \Lambda|\xi|^2, \ \forall \xi\in \mathbb R^n \}.$$ If the operator $F$ is uniformly elliptic with ellipticity constant $0<\lambda\leq \Lambda$, it results in $$\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(M)\leq F(x, M)\leq \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(M)$$ when $F(x,O)=0$. We refer to the monograph [@CC] for more details on these operators. Notice that $\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}$ and $\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}$ are not in the divergence form. When $\lambda=\Lambda=1$, $\mathcal{M}^{\pm}_{\lambda,\Lambda}$ coincide with the Laplace operators. Then (\[bin\]) with $F(x, D^2u)$ replaced by $\mathcal{M}^{\pm}_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)$ becomes the $$\triangle u+u^p=0 \quad \quad \mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+. \label{tri}$$ It is well known that (\[tri\]) does not have positive supersolutions in the half space for $1<p<\frac{n+1}{n-1}$, and does not have nonnegative solution for $1<p<\frac{n+2}{n-2}$ with $u$ vanishing on the boundary. In view of these results for the semilinear equation (\[tri\]), it would be interesting to understand the structure of solutions for (\[bin\]) and (\[bin1\]). Unlike in the case of the semilinear equations, the popular technique of Kelvin transform with moving plane method is no longer available. We also note that there is no variational structure for fully nonlinear elliptic equations, even for the Pucci extremal operators. Those impose new difficulties for studying Liouville-type results. In [@CL], Cutri and Leoni establish the following non-existence results in the spirit of the Hadamard three circle theorem [@PW]. In particular, they have also shown that the critical exponent $$p^+:=\frac{\tilde{n}}{\tilde{n}-2}$$ is optimal for supersolutions in (\[lio\]), where $$\tilde{n}=\frac{\lambda}{\Lambda}(n-1)+1.$$ It exhibits a nontrivial solution for (\[lio\]) if $p>p^+$. Namely, it is stated as the following lemma. Assume that $n\geq 3$. If $1<p\leq p^+$ or ($1<p<\infty$ if $\tilde{n}\leq 2$), then the only viscosity supersolution of $$\left \{\begin{array}{ll} {\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)}+u^p =0 \quad \ &\mbox{in} \ \ \mathbb{R}^n,\\ u\geq 0 \quad \ &\mbox{in} \ \ \mathbb{R}^n \\ \end{array} \right. \label{lio}$$ is $u\equiv0$. \[eur\] With the help of moving plane method and the above Liouville-type theorem, Quaas and Sirakov [@QS] make use of the idea of [@D] and obtain a Liouville-type result in a half space. They first prove the solution of (\[hal\]) is non-decreasing in $x_n$ direction, then it leads to the same problem in $\mathbb R^{n-1}$ after a limiting process, which allows them to use Lemma \[eur\]. Under the boundedness assumption, they show that Let $n\geq 3$ and $\tilde {p}^+:=\frac{\lambda(n-2)+\Lambda}{\lambda(n-2)-\Lambda}$. Then the equation $$\left \{\begin{array}{lll} {\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)}+u^p =0 \quad \ &\mbox{in} \ \ \mathbb{R}^n_+, \\ u\geq 0 \quad \ &\mbox{in} \ \ \mathbb{R}^n_+, \\ u=0 \quad \ &\mbox{in} \ \ \partial\mathbb{R}^n_+ \label{hal} \end{array} \right.$$ has no nontrivial bounded solution, provided $1< p\leq \tilde{p}^+$ and $\lambda(n-2)>\Lambda$ ( or $1<p<\infty$ if $\lambda(n-2)\leq \Lambda$). \[tha\] Note that $\tilde {p}^+> p^+$ for $\lambda(n-2)>\Lambda$. We are interested in the boundedness assumption in Lemma \[tha\]. As we know, boundedness assumptions are often imposed in deriving such Liouville-type theorem in half spaces. Using the Doubling Lemma recently developed in [@PQS] (see Section 2) and a blow-up technique, we indeed show that the boundedness assumption is unnecessary for such equations. Similar ideas have been applied to derive Liouville type theorems for solutions to higher order elliptic equations and systems in our recent paper [@LWZ]. Our strategy is based on a contradiction argument. We suppose that the solution $u$ in (\[hal\]) is unbounded. By the Doubling Lemma and blow-up method, the equation (\[hal\]) will become an equation in a whole Euclidean space or a half space. We will then arrive at a contradiction under a certain range of $p$, which means that the solution $u$ has to be bounded. Applying Lemma \[tha\] again, we obtain the Liouville-type results. In this paper, we first obtain the following result. Let $n\geq 3$. For $1<p\leq p^+$ if $\tilde{n}>2$ (or $1<p< \infty$ if $\tilde{n}\leq 2$ ), then the only nonnegative solution for (\[hal\]) is $u\equiv 0$. \[th1\] Quaas and Sirakov in [@QS1] consider the non-existence results for the elliptic system with Pucci extremal operators in the Euclidean space and a half space, which are essential in getting a priori bound and existence by fixed point theorem for fully nonlinear elliptic system. Motivated by the work [@CL], they characterized the range of powers $p, q$ for the nonexistence of positive supersolutions of (\[sysg\]) in the Euclidean space. Let $\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \Lambda_1,\Lambda_2>0$. Set $$\mathcal{M}^+_l(D^2u_l)=\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda_l,\Lambda_l}(D^2u_l)$$ for $l=1,2$. Define $$\rho_l=\frac{\lambda_l}{\Lambda_l}, \quad N_l=\rho_l(n-1)+1.$$ Let $N_1, N_2>2$ and $pq>1$ with $p, q\geq 1$. Then there are no positive supersolutions for $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_{1}(D^2u_1)+u_2^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n, \\ \mathcal{M}^+_{2}(D^2u_2)+u_1^q=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n, \\ \end{array} \right. \label{sysg}$$ if $$\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}\geq N_1-2, \ \mbox{or} \ \ \frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}\geq N_2-2.$$ \[pos\] By the moving plane method and Lemma \[pos\] in the Euclidean space, the following Liouville-type theorem in a half space is also established under the boundedness assumption in [@QS1]. Let $N_1, N_2>2$ and $pq>1$ with $p, q\geq 1$. There exist no positive bounded solutions for the elliptic equation system $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_{1}(D^2u_1)+u_2^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \mathcal{M}^+_{2}(D^2u_2)+u_1^q=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ u_1=u_2=0 \quad &\mbox{on} \ \partial \mathbb R^n_+, \end{array} \right. \label{sysf}$$ provided $$\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}\geq N_1-2, \ \mbox{or} \ \ \frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}\geq N_2-2. \label{exp}$$ \[lem2\] We are also able to get rid of the boundedness assumption in the above lemma by choosing appropriate rescaling functions and employing the Doubling Lemma argument. More precisely, we prove the following There exist no positive solutions for (\[sysf\]) if $p, q>1$ and the assumption (\[exp\]) is satisfied. \[th2\] With the Liouville-type theorem for the Euclidean space in hand and the Doubling Lemma, we can further investigate the singularity and decay estimates for positive solutions of fully nonlinear elliptic equations in a bounded domain or an exterior domain. Let $1<p\leq p^+$ if $\tilde{n}>2$ or $1<p<\infty$ if $\tilde{n}\leq 2$. Recall that $\tilde{n}=\frac{\lambda}{\Lambda}(n-1)+1$. We consider $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)+u^p=0 \quad \quad \mbox{in}\ \Omega. \label{ome}$$ We will establish the following Let $\Omega\not=\mathbb R^n$ be a domain in $\mathbb R^n$. There exists $C=C(n,p)>0$ such that any nonnegative solution of (\[ome\]) satisfies $$u+|\nabla u|^{\frac{2}{p+1}}\leq C dist^{\frac{-2}{p-1}}(x,\,\partial\Omega), \quad \ \forall \ x\in\Omega.\label{sin}$$ In particular, if $\Omega$ is an exterior domain, i.e. the set $\{x\in\mathbb R^n| |x|>R \}$ for some $R>0$, then $$u+|\nabla u|^{\frac{2}{p+1}}\leq C |x|^{\frac{-2}{p-1}}, \quad \ \forall \ |x|\geq 2R.$$ \[thh\] If there exists a solution for a general continuous function $f(u)$, i.e. $u$ is a nonnegative solution for $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2 u)+f(u)= 0 \quad \ \mbox{in} \ \Omega. \label{gera}$$ Similar singular and decay estimates also hold. Namely, if $1<p\leq p^+$ for $\tilde{n}>2$ or $1<p<\infty$ for $\tilde{n}\leq 2$, we have the following corollary. Assume that $$\lim_{u\to \infty} u^{-p}f(u)=\gamma\in (0,\infty).$$ There exists $C(n,f)>0$ independent of $\Omega$ such that any positive solution in (\[gera\]) satisfies $$u+|\nabla u|^{\frac{2}{p+1}}\leq C (1+dist^{\frac{-2}{p-1}}(x,\,\partial\Omega)), \quad \ \forall \ x\in\Omega.$$ In particular, if $\Omega=\mathbb B_R\backslash \{0\}$ for some $R$, then $$u+|\nabla u|^{\frac{2}{p+1}}\leq C (1+|x|^{\frac{-2}{p-1}}), \quad \ \forall \ 0<|x|\leq R/2.$$ \[cor1\] The similar results also hold for $\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2u)$ and its system in Theorem \[th1\], Theorem \[th2\] and Theorem \[thh\]. The study of the supersolutions for $$\mathcal{M}_{\lambda,\Lambda}^-(D^2u)+u^p= 0 \quad \ \mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+ \label{leo}$$ without assumed boundary condition is more involved. Recently, Leoni [@L] obtained the Liouville-type results for (\[leo\]), that is, there does not exist any positive solution in (\[leo\]) for $-1\leq p\leq \frac{\Lambda n+\lambda}{\Lambda n-\lambda}$. By explicit test functions, there does exist a supersolution for $p>\frac{\Lambda(n-1)+2\lambda}{\Lambda(n-1)}$, which is considered to be the critical exponent for Liouville-type property [@AS]. The existence or non-existence of any solution for (\[leo\]) is still unknown for $$\frac{\Lambda n+\lambda}{\Lambda n-\lambda}<p\leq \frac{\Lambda(n-1)+2\lambda}{\Lambda(n-1)}.$$ In [@L], the author also points out that the inequality $${\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)}+u^p\leq 0 \quad \quad \mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+$$ does not have any positive solution for $$-1\leq p\leq \frac{\tilde{n}+1}{\tilde{n}-1}.$$ Adapting the idea in [@L], we consider the supersolutions for a system of fully nonlinear elliptic equations with Pucci’s extremal operators in half spaces, i.e. $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} {\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)}+v^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ {\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v)}+u^q=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+. \\ \end{array} \right. \label{pus}$$ The difficulty of Leoni’ proof in [@L] for (\[leo\]) is to show the Liouville-type property holds for the limiting case $p= \frac{\Lambda n+\lambda}{\Lambda n-\lambda}$. In order to achieve this, some explicit subsolution is constructed under complicated calculations. Our main effort is also devoted to building such explicit subsolution for the operator $\mathcal{M}_{\lambda, \Lambda}^+$ instead of $\mathcal{M}_{\lambda, \Lambda}^-$. We show the following Liouville-type theorem: Assume that $\tilde{n}\geq 2$ and $p,q>0$, there does not exist any nontrivial nonnegative supersolution in (\[pus\]) provided \(1) $pq>1$ and $\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}> \tilde{n}-1$ or $\frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}> \tilde{n}-1,$\ or \(2) $\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1} =\tilde{n}-1$ and $\frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}= \tilde{n}-1,$\ or \(3) $pq=1$. \[th4\] Combining our idea in Theorem \[th4\] and the estimates for $\mathcal{M}_{\lambda, \Lambda}^-(D^2 u)$ in [@L], we are able to establish the following Liouville-type results for $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2u)+v^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2v)+u^q=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+. \\ \end{array} \right. \label{puc}$$ There exists only trivial nonnegative supersolution for (\[puc\]) if \(1) $pq>1$ and $\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}> \frac{\Lambda n}{\lambda}-1$ or $\frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}> \frac{\Lambda n}{\lambda}-1,$\ or (2)$\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}=\frac{\Lambda n}{\lambda}-1$ and $\frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}=\frac{\Lambda n}{\lambda}-1,$\ or \(3) $pq=1$. \[cor2\] Finally we note that there is a large literature concerning Liouville-type results for solution (or supersolution, or subsolution) of elliptic equations or system. We refer to [@AS1], [@CC1], [@CL1] [@DM], [@FQ], [@GS1], [@LZ], [@SZ] and references therein for more account. The outline of the paper is as follows. In Section 2, we present the basic results for the definition of viscosity solution, comparison principle, Doubling Lemma and so on. Section 3 is devoted to the proof of removing the boundedness assumption for fully nonlinear elliptic equations and systems. We also show the singularity and decay estimates for a single equation. The Liouville-type theorem for a system of equations in a half space without boundary assumption is considered in Section 4. Throughout the paper, $C $ and $C_1$ denote generic positive constants, which are independent of $u$, $v$ and may vary from line to line. Preliminaries ============= In this section we collect some basic results which will be applied throughout the paper for fully nonlinear elliptic equations. We refer to [@CC], [@CL], [@QS] and references therein for the proofs and results. Let us recall the notion of viscosity sub and supersolutions of fully nonlinear elliptic equations $$F(x, u, D^2u)=0 \quad \ \mbox{in} \ \Omega, \label{def}$$ where $\Omega$ is an open domain in $\mathbb R^n$ and $F:\Omega\times \mathbb R\times S_n\to \mathbb R$ is a continuous map with $F(x, t, M)$ satisfying (\[unf\]) for every fixed $t\in \mathbb R$, $x\in\Omega$. *Definition:* A continuous function $u: \Omega \to \mathbb R$ is a viscosity supersolution (subsolution) of (\[def\]) in $\Omega$, when the following condition holds: If $x_0\in\Omega$, $\phi\in C^2(\Omega)$ and $u-\phi$ has a local minimum (maximum) at $x_0$, then $$F(x_0, \phi(x_0), D^2\phi(x_0))\leq (\geq) 0.$$ If $u$ is a viscosity supersolution (subsolution), we say that $u$ verifies $$F(x, u, D^2u)\leq(\geq) 0$$ in the viscosity sense. We say that $u$ is a viscosity solution of (\[def\]) when it simultaneously is a viscosity subsolution and supersolution. We will make use of the following comparison principle (see e.g. [@CL]). (Comparison Principle) Let $\Omega\in\mathbb R^n$ be a bounded domain and $f\in C(\Omega)$. If $u$ and $v$ are respectively a supersolution and subsolution either of $\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)=f(x)$ or of $\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)=f(x)$ in $\Omega$, and $u\geq v$ on $\partial\Omega$, then $u\geq v$ in $\bar\Omega$. \[com\] The following version of the Hopf boundary lemma holds (see e.g. [@QS]). Let $\Omega$ be a regular domain and $u\in W^{2,n}_{loc}(\Omega)\cap C(\bar\Omega)$ be a nonnegative solution to $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)+c(x)u\leq 0 \quad \ \mbox{in} \ \Omega$$ with bounded $c(x)$. Then either $u\equiv 0$ in $\Omega$ or $u(x)>0$ for all $x\in\Omega$. Moreover, in the latter case for any $x\in\partial\Omega$ such that $u(x_0)=0$, $$\lim_{t\to 0^+}\sup\frac{u(x_0-t\nu)-u(x_0)}{t}<0,$$ where $\nu$ is the outer normal to $\partial\Omega$. \[hopf\] We are going to use the following regularity results in [@CC] for Pucci operators in the blow-up argument. (Regularity Lemma) If $u$ is a viscosity solution to the fully nonlinear elliptic equation with Pucci extremal operator $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)+g(x)=0 \label{max}$$ in a ball $\mathbb B_{2R}$ and $g\in L^{p}(\mathbb B_R)$ for some $p\geq n$, then $u\in W^{2, p}(\mathbb B_R)$ and the following interior estimate holds $$\|u\|_{W^{2,p}(\mathbb B_R)}\leq C (\|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb B_{2R})}+\|g\|_{L^p(\mathbb B_{2R})}).$$ Furthermore, if $g\in C^{\alpha}$ for some $\alpha\in (0,1)$, then $u\in C^{2,\alpha}$ and $$\|u\|_{C^{2,\alpha}(\mathbb B_R)}\leq C (\|u\|_{L^{\infty}(\mathbb B_{2R})}+\|g\|_{C^{\alpha}(\mathbb B_{2R})}).$$ In addition, if (\[max\]) holds in a regular domain and $u=0$ on the boundary, then $u$ satisfies a $C^{\alpha}$- estimate up to the boundary. \[reg\] Note that the above $C^{2,\alpha}$ estimate depends on the convexity of the Pucci extremal operator. Next we state the closeness of a family of viscosity solutions to fully nonlinear equations (see e.g. [@CC]). Assume $u_n$ and $g_n$ are sequences of continuous functions and $u_n$ is a solution (or subsolution, or supersolution) of the equation $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u_n)+g_n(x)=0 \quad \ \ \mbox{in} \ \ \Omega.$$ Assume that $u_n$ and $g_n$ converge uniformly on compact subsets of $\Omega$ to function $u$ and $g$. Then $u$ is a solution (or subsolution, or supersolution) of the equation $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2u)+g(x)=0 \quad \ \ \mbox{in} \ \ \Omega.$$ \[cov\] We state the following technical lemma that is frequently used in Section 3. The proof of this lemma is given in [@PQS]. An interested reader may refer to it for more details. Based on the doubling property, we can start the rescaling process to prove local estimates of solutions for fully nonlinear equations. (Doubling lemma) Let $(X, \,d )$ be a complete metric space and $\emptyset\not=D\subset\Sigma\subset X,$ with $\Sigma$ closed. Define $M: D\to (0, \infty)$ to be bounded on compact subsets of $D$. If $y\in D$ is such that $$M(y)dist(y, \Gamma)>2k$$ for a fixed positive number $k$, where $\Gamma =\Sigma \setminus D,$ then there exists $x\in D$ such that $$M(x) dist(x, \, \Gamma)> 2k, \ \ \ \ M(x)\geq M(y).$$ Moreover, $$M(z)\leq 2M(x), \ \ \ \ \forall z\in D\cap \bar B(x, kM^{-1}(x)).$$ \[dob\] If $\Gamma=\emptyset,$ then $ dist(x, \Gamma):=\infty$. In this case, we have following the version of the Doubling Lemma. Let $D=\Sigma\subset X,$ with $\Sigma$ closed. Define $M: D\to (0, \infty)$ to be bounded on compact subsets of $D$, For every $y\in D$, there exists $x\in D$ such that $$M(x)\geq M(y)$$ and $$M(z)\leq 2M(x), \ \ \ \ \forall z\in D\cap \bar B(x, kM^{-1}(x)).$$ \[rem2\] Liouville-type theorems for elliptic equations in half spaces ============================================================= We first present the proof of Theorem \[th1\]. Our idea is the combination of doubling property and blow-up argument. This idea seems to be powerful in getting rid of the boundedness assumption whenever proving Liouville-type theorems. We refer to [@LWZ] for applications of this idea in higher order elliptic equations. Suppose that a solution $u$ to the equation (\[hal\]) is unbounded. Namely, there exists a sequence of $(y_k)\in \mathbb R^n_+$ such that $$u(y_k)\to \infty$$ as $k\to \infty$. Set $$M(y):= u^{\frac{p-1}{2}}(y): \mathbb R_+^n \to \mathbb R.$$ Then $M(y_k)\to \infty$ as $k\to\infty$ by the fact that $p>1$. By taking $D=\Sigma=X=\overline{\mathbb R_+^n }$ in the Doubling Lemma (i.e. Lemma \[dob\]) and Remark \[rem2\], there exists another sequence of $\{x_k\}$ such that $$M(x_k)\geq M(y_k)$$ and $$M(z)\leq 2 M(x_k), \ \ \ \forall z\in B_{k/M(x_k)}(x_k)\cap \overline{\mathbb R^n_+}.$$ Set $$d_k:=x_{k, n}M(x_k),$$ where $x_k=(x_{k,1}, \cdots, x_{k, n})$ and $$H_k:=\{\xi=(\xi_1, \cdots, \xi_n)\in\mathbb R^n |\xi_n>-d_k\}.$$ We define a new function $$v_k(\xi):=\frac{u(x_k+\frac{\xi}{M(x_k)})}{M^{\frac{2}{p-1}}(x_k)}.$$ Then, $v_k(\xi) $ is the nonnegative solution of $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v_k)+v_k^p =0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ H_k, \\ v_k=0 \quad &\mbox{on} \ \partial H_k=\{\xi\in\mathbb R^n|\xi_n=-d_k\} \end{array} \right. \label{ma1}$$ with $$v_k^{\frac{p-1}{2}}(0)=1 \label{eq}$$ and $$v_k^{\frac{p-1}{2}}(\xi)\leq 2 ,\ \quad \quad \forall \xi \in H_k\cap B_k(0). \label{bo}$$ Two cases may occur as $k\to \infty$, either Case (1) $$x_{k, n}M(x_k)\to \infty$$ for a subsequence still denoted as before, or Case (2) $$x_{k, n}M(x_k)\to d$$ for a subsequence still denoted as before, here $d\geq 0$. If Case (1) occurs, i.e. $ H_k\cap B_k(0)\to \mathbb R^n$ as $ k\to \infty$, then for any smooth compact set $D$ in $\mathbb R^n$, there exists $k_0$ large enough such that $D\subset (H_k\cap B_k(0))$ as $k\geq k_0$. By regularity lemma (i.e. Lemma \[reg\]), (\[bo\]) and Arzel$\acute{a}$-Ascoli theorem, $v_k\to v$ in $C^2(\bar D)$ for a subsequence. Furthermore, using a diagonalization argument, $v_k\to v$ in $C^{2}_{loc}(\mathbb R^n)$ as $k\to\infty$. From Lemma \[cov\], we know that $v$ solves $${\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v)}+v^p=0 \quad \ \mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n.$$ Thanks to Lemma \[eur\], there exists only a trivial solution provided $$1<p\leq p^+ \quad \ \mbox{for} \ \lambda(n-1)>\Lambda \label{err1}$$ or $$1<p<\infty \quad \ \mbox{for} \ \lambda(n-1)\leq\Lambda \label{err2}.$$ In the above, we have used the fact that $\tilde{n}=2$ is equivalent to $\lambda(n-1)=\Lambda$. However, (\[eq\]) implies that $$v^{\frac{p-1}{2}}(0)=1, \nonumber$$ which indicates that $v$ is nontrivial. This contradiction leads to the conclusion that $u$ in (\[hal\]) is bounded in the above range of $p$. If the Case (2) occurs, we make a further translation. Set $$\tilde {v}_k(\xi):=v_k(\xi-d_ke_n) \quad \mbox{for} \ \xi\in\overline{\mathbb R_+^n }.$$ Then $\tilde {v}_k$ satisfies $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\tilde{v}_k)+\tilde{v}_k^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \tilde{v}_k\geq 0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+,\\ \tilde{v}_k=0 \quad &\mbox{on} \ \partial \mathbb R^n_+. \end{array} \right. \label{ma2}$$ While $$\tilde {v}_k^{\frac{p-1}{2}}(d_ke_n)=1 \label{eq1}$$ and $$\tilde {v}_k^{\frac{p-1}{2}}(\xi)\leq 2 ,\ \quad \quad \forall \xi \in \mathbb R^n_+\cap B_k(d_ke_n). \label{bo1}$$ For any smooth compact $D$ in $\overline{\mathbb R_+^n }$, there also exists $k_0$ large enough such that $D\subset (\overline{\mathbb R_+^n }\cap B_k(0))$ for any $k\geq k_0$. Thanks to regularity Lemma \[reg\] and (\[bo1\]), we can extract a subsequence of $\tilde {v}_k$ such that $\tilde {v}_k\to v$ in $C^2(\bar D)\cap C(\bar D)$. A diagonalization argument shows that $\tilde {v}_k\to v$ uniformly as $k\to\infty$. Furthermore, by Lemma \[cov\], $v$ solves $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v)+v^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ v\geq 0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+,\\ v=0 \quad &\mbox{on} \ \partial \mathbb R^n_+. \end{array} \right.$$ Due to Lemma \[tha\], we readily have that $v\equiv 0$ if $$1<p\leq \tilde{p}^+ \quad \ \mbox{for} \ \lambda(n-2)>\Lambda \label{err3}$$ or $$1<p<\infty \quad \ \mbox{for} \ \lambda(n-2)\leq\Lambda \label{err4}.$$ It contradicts again with the fact that $$v (de_n)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}=1$$ from (\[eq1\]). Hence $u$ is bounded in Case (2). Together with (\[err1\]), (\[err2\]), (\[err3\]) and (\[err4\]), we infer that $u$ is bounded in (\[hal\]) if $1<p\leq p^+$ in the case of $\lambda(n-1)>\Lambda$ or if $1<p<\infty$ in the case of $\lambda(n-1)\leq\Lambda$. Note again that $\tilde{n}=2$ implies that $\lambda(n-1)=\Lambda$. Applying Lemma \[tha\] again, we obtain Theorem \[th1\] in the above range of $p$. We are now in the position to prove Theorem \[th2\]. Since we consider the elliptic system with different powers $p, q$, we shall choose the rescaling function appropriately. Assume by contradiction that either $u_1$ or $u_2$ is unbounded, that is, there exists a sequence $y_k$ such that $$M_k(y_k)=u_1^{1/\alpha}(y_k)+u_2^{1/\beta}(y_k)\to \infty$$ as $k\to \infty$. The constant $\alpha, \beta$ are positive numbers which will be determined later. From the Doubling Lemma and Remark 1, there exists a sequence of $\{x_k\}$ such that $$M(x_k)\geq M(y_k)$$ and $$M(z)\leq 2 M(x_k), \ \ \ \forall z\in B_{k/M(x_k)}(x_k)\cap \overline{\mathbb R^n_+}.$$ Define $$d_k:=x_{k, n}M(x_k)$$ and $$H_k:=\{\xi\in\mathbb R^n |\xi_n>-d_k\}.$$ We do the following rescaling, $$v_{1,k}(\xi):=\frac{u_1(x_k+\frac{\xi}{M(x_k)})}{M^{\alpha}(x_k)},$$ $$v_{2,k}(\xi):=\frac{u_2(x_k+\frac{\xi}{M(x_k)})}{M^{\beta}(x_k)}.$$ Then, by (\[sysf\]), $v_{1,k}(\xi)$, $v_{2,k}(\xi)$ satisfy $$\left \{\begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_1(D^2v_{1,k})M_k^{\alpha+2}(x_k)+M_k^{p\beta}(x_k)v_{2,k}^p=0 \quad &\mbox{in}\ H_k,\\ \mathcal{M}^+_2(D^2v_{2,k})M_k^{\beta+2}(x_k)+M_k^{q\alpha}(x_k)v_{1,k}^q=0 \quad &\mbox{in}\ H_k,\\ v_{1,k}=v_{2,k}=0 \quad &\mbox{in} \ \partial H_k. \end{array} \right. \label{get}$$ In order to get rid of $M_k(x_k)$ in (\[get\]), by setting $\alpha+2=p\beta$ and $\beta+2=q\alpha$, we conclude that $$\alpha=\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1},$$ $$\beta=\frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}.$$ With so chosen $\alpha, \beta$, then $v_{1,k}, v_{2,k}$ solve $$\left \{\begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_1(D^2v_{1,k})+v_{2,k}^p=0 \quad &\mbox{in}\ H_k,\\ \mathcal{M}^+_2(D^2v_{2,k})+v_{1,k}^q=0 \quad &\mbox{in}\ H_k.\\ v_{1,k}=v_{2,k}=0 \quad &\mbox{in} \ \partial H_k. \end{array} \right.$$ Furthermore, $$v_{1,k}^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}(0)+v_{2,k}^{\frac{1}{\beta}}(0)=1 \label{con}$$ and $$v_{1,k}^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}(\xi)+v_{2,k}^{\frac{1}{\beta}}(\xi)\leq 2, \quad \quad \forall \xi\in H_k\cap \mathbb B_k(0).$$ Two cases may occur as $k\to\infty$, either Case (1), $$d_k\to\infty$$ for a subsequence still denoted as before, or Case (2) $$d_k\to d$$ for a subsequence still denoted as before. We note that $d\geq 0$. If Case (1) occurs, i.e. $H_k\cap \mathbb B_k(0)\to\mathbb R^n$, we argue similarly as in the proof of Theorem \[th1\]. For any smooth compact set $D$ in $\mathbb R^n$, by Lemma \[reg\] and Arzel$\acute{a}$-Ascoli theorem, we know that $v_{1, k}\to v_1$ and $v_{2, k}\to v_2$ in $C^2(\bar D)$ for a subsequence. Using a diagonalization argument, $v_{1, k}\to v_1$ and $v_{2, k}\to v_2$ in $C^{2}_{loc}(\mathbb R^n)$ as $k\to\infty$. From Lemma \[cov\], we obtain that $v_1, v_2$ satisfy $$\left \{\begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_1(D^2v_1)+v_{2}^p=0 \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n,\\ \mathcal{M}^+_2(D^2v_{2})+v_{1}^q=0 \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n.\\ \end{array} \right.$$ As shown in Lemma \[pos\], $v_{1}\equiv v_{2}\equiv 0$ provided $$\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}\geq N_1-2, \ \mbox{or} \ \ \frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}\geq N_2-2.$$ Nevertheless, (\[con\]) indicates that either $v_1$ or $v_2$ is nontrivial. We arrive at the contradiction, which indicates $u_1, u_2$ in (\[sysf\]) are actually bounded in Case (1). If Case (2) occurs, we translate the equation to be in the standard half space. Let $$\tilde {v}_{1,k}(\xi):=v_{1,k}(\xi-d_ke_n) \quad \mbox{for} \ \xi\in\overline{\mathbb R_+^n },$$ $$\tilde{v}_{2,k}(\xi):=v_{2,k}(\xi-d_ke_n) \quad \mbox{for} \ \xi\in\overline{\mathbb R_+^n }.$$ Then $\tilde {v}_{1,k}$, $\tilde {v}_{2,k}$ satisfy $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_1(D^2\tilde{v}_{1,k})+\tilde{v}_{2,k}^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \mathcal{M}^+_2(D^2\tilde{v}_{2,k})+\tilde{v}_{1,k}^q=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \tilde{v}_{1,k}= \tilde{v}_{1,k}=0 \quad &\mbox{on} \ \partial \mathbb R^n_+. \end{array} \right. \label{ma22}$$ Moreover, $$\tilde {v}_{1,k}^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}(d_ke_n)+\tilde {v}_{2,k}^{\frac{1}{\beta}}(d_ke_n)=1 \label{ide}$$ and $$\tilde{v}_{1,k}^{\frac{1}{\alpha}}(\xi)+\tilde {v}_{2,k}^{\frac{1}{\beta}}(\xi)\leq 2 ,\ \quad \quad \forall \xi \in \mathbb R^n_+\cap B_k(d_ke_n) \label{est}.$$ Similar argument as in the proof of Theorem \[th1\] shows that there exist $\tilde {v}_{1,k} $ and $\tilde {v}_{2,k} $ such that $$\tilde {v}_{1,k}\to \tilde {v}_1$$ and $$\tilde {v}_{2,k}\to \tilde {v}_2$$ in $C^2_{loc}(\mathbb R^n_+)\cap C(\overline{\mathbb R_+^n})$ as $k\to\infty$. $\tilde {v}_1$ and $\tilde {v}_2$ solve $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_1(D^2\tilde{v}_{1})+\tilde{v}_{2}^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \mathcal{M}^+_2(D^2\tilde{v}_{2})+\tilde{v}_{1}^q=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \tilde{v}_{1}= \tilde{v}_{1}=0 \quad &\mbox{on} \ \partial \mathbb R^n_+. \end{array} \right. \label{mm}$$ Lemma \[lem2\] and (\[est\]) yield that $\tilde{v}_{1}\equiv \tilde{v}_{2}\equiv 0$ when (\[exp\]) holds. However, it contradicts to the fact of (\[ide\]). In conclusion, we obtain that $u$ is bounded in (\[sysf\]) when the exponents $p$ and $q$ satisfy (\[exp\]). From Lemma \[lem2\] again, we conclude that the boundedness assumption is not essential, i.e. Theorem \[th2\] holds. With the help of Lemma \[eur\] and the Doubling Lemma, we are ready to give the proof of Theorem \[thh\]. We also argue by contradiction. Suppose that (\[sin\]) is false. Then, there exists a sequence of functions $u_k$ in (\[ome\]) on $\Omega_k$ such that $$M_k=u_k^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+|\nabla u_k|^{\frac{p-1}{p+1}}$$ satisfying $$M_k(y_k)>2k dist^{-1}(y_k, \, \partial\Omega_k).$$ By the Doubling Lemma, there exists $x_k\in\Omega_k$ such that $$M_k(x_k)\geq M_k(y_k),$$ $$M_k(x_k)>2k dist^{-1}(x_k,\, \partial\Omega_k)$$ and $$M_k(z)\leq 2M_k(x_k), \quad \mbox{if} \ |z-x_k|\leq kM_k^{-1}(x_k).$$ We introduce a rescaled function $$v_k(\xi)=\frac{u_k(x_k+\frac{\xi}{M_k(x_k)})}{M_k^{\frac{2}{p-1}}}.$$ Simple calculation yields that $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v_k)+v^p_k=0, \quad \quad \forall |\xi|\leq k.$$ Moreover, $$(v_k^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+|\nabla v_k|^{\frac{p-1}{p+1}})(0)=1 \label{bd}$$ and $$(v_k^{\frac{p-1}{2}}+|\nabla v_k|^{\frac{p-1}{p+1}})(\xi)\leq 2, \quad \quad \forall |\xi|\leq k. \label{bdd}$$ For any smooth compact set $D$ in $\mathbb R^n$, there exists $k_0$ large enough such that $D\subset \mathbb B_k(0)$ as $k\geq k_0$. By Lemma \[reg\] and (\[bdd\]), we have $$\|v_k\|_{C^{2, \alpha}(D)}\leq C$$ for some $C>0$. From Arzel$\acute{a}$-Ascoli theorem, up to a subsequence, $v_k\to v$ in $C^2(\bar D)$. In addition, by a diagonalization argument and Lemma \[cov\], $v_k\to v$ in $C^{2}_{loc}(\mathbb R^n)$ as $k\to \infty$, which solves $${\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v)}+v^p=0 \quad \ \mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n.$$ Since $1<p\leq p^+$, Lemma \[eur\] implies that the only solution is $v\equiv 0$. However, (\[bd\]) shows that $v$ is impossible to be trivial. Therefore, this contradiction leads to the conclusion in Theorem \[thh\]. For the proof of Corollary \[cor1\], it is very similar to the above argument. We shall omit it here. The interested reader may refer to the above proof and [@PQS]. A Liouville-type theorem for supersolutions of elliptic systems in a half space =============================================================================== We introduce the following algebraic result in [@L] for the eigenvalue of a special symmetric matrix. Let $\nu, \omega\in \mathbb R^n$ be unitary vectors and $a_1, a_2, a_3$ and $a_4$ be constants. For the symmetric matrix, $$A=a_1\nu\otimes\nu+a_2\omega\otimes\omega+a_3(\nu\otimes\omega+\omega\otimes\nu)+a_4I_n,$$ where $\nu\otimes\omega$ denotes the $n\times n$ matrix whose $i, j$ entry is $\nu_i\omega_j$, the eigenvalues of $A$ are given as follows, $\bullet a_4,$ with multiplicity (at least) $n-2$.\ \ $\bullet a_4+\frac{a_1+a_2+2a_3\nu\cdot\omega\pm \sqrt{(a_1+a_2+2a_3\nu\cdot\omega)^2+4(1-(\nu\cdot\omega))^2(a_3^2-a_1a_2)^2} }{2}$, which are simple (if different from $a_4$). In particular, if either $a_3^2=a_1a_2$ or $(\nu\cdot\omega)^2=1$, then the eigenvalues are $a_4$ with multiplicity $n-1$ and $a_4+a_1+a_2+2a_3\nu\cdot\omega$, which is simple. \[tec\] Let us consider a lower semicontinuous function $u\in \overline{\mathbb R^n_+}\to [0, \ \infty)$ for $$\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda} (D^2 u)\leq 0 \quad \ \mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+ \label{sup}$$ in viscosity sense. For any $r>0$, we define the function $$m_u(r)=\inf_{\mathbb B^+_r}\frac{u(x)}{x_n}, \label{mon}$$ where $\mathbb B^+_r$ is the half ball centered at the origin with radius $r$ in $\mathbb R^n_+$. We present the following three – circles Hadamard type results for superharmonic functions in [@L]. Let $u\in \overline{\mathbb R^n_+}\to [0, \ \infty)$ be a lower semicontinuous function satisfying (\[sup\]). Then the function $m_u(r)$ in (\[mon\]) is a concave function of $r^{-\tilde{n}}$, i.e. for every fixed $R>r>0$ and for all $r\leq\rho\leq R$, one has $$m_u(\rho)\geq\frac{ m_u(r)(\rho^{-\tilde{n}}-R^{-\tilde{n}})+m_u(R)(r^{-\tilde{n}}-\rho^{-\tilde{n}})}{r^{-\tilde{n}}-R^{-\tilde{n}}} \label{key}.$$ Consequently, $$r\in (0, \ \infty)\to m_u(r)r^{\tilde{n}}$$ is nondecreasing. \[kle\] To prove the Liouville-type theorem in (\[pus\]) for the critical case $$\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}=\tilde{n}-1, \ \mbox{and} \ \ \frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}=\tilde{n}-1,$$ we will compare the supersolutions $u, v$ with an explicit subsolution of the equation $$-\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2\phi)=( \frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}}})^{\frac{\tilde{n}+1}{\tilde{n}-1}}.$$ Such a subsolution is constructed as follows. There exist positive constants $e,f>0$ and $r_0\geq 1$, which only depend on $\lambda, \Lambda$ and $n$ such that the function $$\Gamma(x)=\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}}}(e ln|x|+f (\frac{x_n}{|x|})^2)$$ satisfies $$-\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma)\leq (\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}}})^{\frac{\tilde{n}+1}{\tilde{n}-1}} \quad \mbox{in} \ \mathbb R^n_+\backslash \mathbb B_{r_0} \label{pur}$$ in the classical sense. \[lll\] We consider $$\Gamma_1(x):=\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}}} ln|x|$$ and $$\Gamma_2(x):=\frac{x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}.$$ Then $\Gamma(x)=e \Gamma_1(x)+f\Gamma_2(x).$ From the property of the Pucci maximal operator, it yields that $$-\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma)\leq -e \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma_1)-f\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma_2). \label{prop}$$ In order to obtain (\[pur\]), we estimate the terms on the right hand side of (\[prop\]), respectively. As far as $\Gamma_1$ is concerned, direct calculations show that $$\begin{array}{ll} D^2\Gamma_1(x)=&\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}\{[(\tilde{n}+2)\tilde{n}ln|x|-2(\tilde{n}+1)] \frac{x}{|x|}\otimes\frac{x}{|x|}+(1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)e_n\otimes e_n \nonumber\\ \\ & +(1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)\frac{|x|}{x}(\frac{x}{|x|}\otimes e_n+e_n\otimes\frac{x}{|x|})-(\tilde{n}ln|x|-1)I_n \}.\nonumber\\ \end{array}$$ Recall that $\tilde{n}=\frac{\lambda}{\Lambda}(n-1)+1$. According to Lemma \[tec\], the eigenvalue $\mu_1, \mu_2, \cdots, \mu_n$ of $D^2\Gamma_1$ are $$\mu_1=\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}\frac{\tilde{n}^2ln|x|-3\tilde{n}ln|x|-2\tilde{n}+3+\sqrt{D}}{2},$$ $$\mu_2=\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}\frac{\tilde{n}^2ln|x|-3\tilde{n}ln|x|-2\tilde{n}+3-\sqrt{D}}{2},$$ $$\mu_i=-\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}(\tilde{n}ln|x|-1), \quad 3\leq i\leq n,$$ where $$\begin{array}{lll} D &=&[\tilde{n}(\tilde{n}+2)ln|x|-2(\tilde{n}+1)+3(1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)]^2 \nonumber \\ \\ &&+4(1-\frac{x_n^2}{|x|^2})\{(1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)^2\frac{|x|^2}{x_n^2}- [(\tilde{n}+2)\tilde{n}ln|x|-2(\tilde{n}+1)](1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)\} \nonumber \\ \\ &\geq & [(\tilde{n}+2)(\tilde{n}ln|x|-2)+3(1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)]^2 \nonumber \\ \\ &&+4(1-\frac{x_n^2}{|x|^2})\{(1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)^2\frac{|x|^2}{x_n^2}-(\tilde{n}+2)(\tilde{n}ln|x|-2)(1-\tilde{n}ln|x|)\} \nonumber \\ \\ &\geq & [(\tilde{n}ln|x|-2)(\tilde{n}-1)]^2+4(1-\frac{x_n^2}{|x|^2})(\tilde{n}ln|x|-2)^2[\frac{|x|^2}{x_n^2}+(\tilde{n}+2)].\\ \end{array}$$ Hence $$\sqrt{D}\geq (\tilde{n}ln|x|-2)(\tilde{n}-1).$$ For $r>r_0$, it follows that $\mu_1\geq 0$ and $\mu_i\leq 0$ for $2\leq i\leq n$, where $r_0$ depends on $\Lambda$, $\lambda$ and $n$. Therefore, one has $$\begin{array}{lll} \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma_1)&=&\Lambda\mu_1+\lambda\sum^{n}_{i=2}\mu_i \nonumber \\ \\ &=&\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}\{\frac{(\Lambda+\lambda)(\tilde{n}^2ln|x|-3\tilde{n}ln|x|-2\tilde{n}+3)+ (\Lambda-\lambda)\sqrt{D}} {2} \nonumber \\ \\ &&-(n-2)\lambda(\tilde{n}ln|x|-1)\} \nonumber \\ \\ &\geq& \frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}\frac{(\Lambda+\lambda)(-2\tilde{n}+3)-2(\Lambda-\lambda)(\tilde{n}-1)+2(n-2)\lambda}{2} \\ \\ &=&-\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}\frac{2\lambda n-\Lambda-\lambda}{2} \nonumber \\ \\ & =& -c_1 \frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}, \end{array}$$ where $c_1=\frac{2\lambda n-\Lambda-\lambda}{2}$. Since $\tilde{n}=\frac{\lambda}{\Lambda}(n-1)+1\geq 2$, we get $c_1> 0$. By the argument in Theorem 2.3 in [@L], we have $$\begin{array}{lll} \mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma_2)&\geq& \frac{\lambda x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+4}}\{(\tilde{n}+2)[\tilde{n}-3-\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda}(n-1)] +3(3-\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda})\frac{|x|^2}{x_n^2}\} \nonumber \\ \\&\geq&\frac{\lambda x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+4}}\{\tilde{n}[\tilde{n}-3-\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda}(n-1)]+2[\tilde{n}-\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda}(n-1)] +3(1-\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda})\frac{|x|^2}{x_n^2}\} \nonumber \\ \\&= & \frac{\lambda x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+4}}\{\tilde{n}(\frac{\lambda}{\Lambda}-\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda})(n-1)-2\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda}(n-1) +3(1-\frac{\Lambda}{\lambda})\frac{|x|^2}{x_n^2}\} \nonumber \\ \\&\geq & -\frac{ x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+4}}\{c_2-c_3\frac{|x|^2}{x_n^2}\}, \end{array}$$ where $c_2=\tilde{n}(\frac{\Lambda^2-\lambda^2}{\Lambda})(n-1)+2\Lambda(n-1)$ and $c_3=3(\Lambda-\lambda)$. Then setting $f=c_2^{-1}$ and $e=\frac{c_3}{c_2 c_1}$, we obtain $$\begin{array}{lll} -\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma)&\leq& -e\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma_1)-f\mathcal{M}^-_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma_2) \nonumber \\ \\&\leq& ec_1\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}}+fc_2\frac{ x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+4}}-fc_3\frac{ x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+2}} \nonumber \\ \\&\leq& \frac{ x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+4}}, \end{array}$$ Furthermore, since $\tilde{n}\geq 2$, a direct calculation yields that $$\begin{array}{lll} -\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2\Gamma)&\leq& \frac{ x_n^3}{|x|^{\tilde{n}+4}} \nonumber \\ \\&\leq&(\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}}})^{\frac{\tilde{n}+1}{\tilde{n}-1}}. \end{array}$$ Hence the lemma is completed. Now we present the proof of Theorem \[th4\]. Our idea is inspired by the work in [@L]. By the strong maximal principle (i.e. Lemma \[hopf\]), we may assume that $u, v>0$ in $\mathbb R^n_+$. Let us rescale the supersolutions in ($\ref{pus}$). For every $r>0$, we set $$u_r(x)=u(rx),$$ $$v_r(x)=v(rx).$$ Then $u_r, v_r>0$ are supersolutions for $$\left \{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2u_r)+r^2v_r^p=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+, \\ \mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2v_r)+r^2u_r^q=0 \quad \quad &\mbox{in}\ \mathbb R^n_+. \\ \end{array} \right. \label{pus1}$$ Next we will choose appropriate test functions for supersolutions $u_r, v_r$. Selecting a smooth, concave, nonincreasing function: $\eta: [0, \ +\infty)\to R$ satisfying $$\eta(t)=\left \{\begin{array}{ll} 1 \quad \quad &\mbox{for} \ 0\leq t\leq 1/2, \\ >0 & \mbox{for} \ \ 1/2<t<3/4, \\ \leq 0 &\mbox{for} \ t\geq 3/4. \end{array} \right.$$ Fixed a point $a=(0,1)$. Here $\mathbb B_r(a)$ is a ball centered at $a$ with radius $r$. Let $$U(x)=(\inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)} u_r)\eta(|x-a|),$$ $$V(x)=(\inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)} v_r)\eta(|x-a|).$$ It is easy to see that $u_r\geq U$ in $\overline{\mathbb B_{1/2}}(a)$, $u_r=U$ at some point on $\partial \mathbb B_{1/2}(a)$ by the maximum principle (i.e. Lemma \[com\]) and $u_r> U$ outside $\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)$. By the same observation, $v_r\geq V$ in $\overline{\mathbb B_{1/2}}(a)$, $v_r=V$ at some point on $\partial \mathbb B_{1/2}(a)$ and $v_r> V$ outside $\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)$. Therefore, the infimum of $u_r-U, v_r-V$ is non-positive and achieved at $x_1, x_2$ in $\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)\backslash\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)$, respectively. From the definition of a viscosity solution and taking into account that $U, V$ are test functions for $u_r, v_r$, respectively, it yields that $$v_r^p(x_1)\leq \frac{C_1}{r^2} \inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)} u_r \label{es1}$$ and $$u_r^q(x_2)\leq \frac{C_1}{r^2} \inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)} v_r, \label{es2}$$ where $$C_1=\sup_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}(-\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2\eta))=\sup_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)} (-\lambda\triangle\eta)=-\lambda\inf_{t\in [1/2, \ 3/4]}(\eta''(t)+(n-1) t^{-1}\eta').$$ Since $u_r(x)$ and $ v_r(x)$ are also supersolutions for $\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2 u_r)=0$ and $\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2 v_r)=0$, respectively, the monotonicity property ( see [@CL] ) implies that $$\inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)}u_r\leq C \inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}u_r, \label{es3}$$ $$\inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)}v_r\leq C \inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}v_r. \label{es4}$$ Furthermore, From (\[es1\])-(\[es4\]), we get $$(\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}v_r)^p\leq v_r^p(x_1)\leq \frac{C_1}{r^2} \inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)} u_r\leq \frac{C}{r^2} \inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}u_r\leq \frac{C}{r^2} (\frac{C_1}{r^2}\inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)}v_r)^{\frac{1}{q}}\leq \frac{C}{r^{2(1+\frac{1}{q})}}(\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}v_r)^{\frac{1}{q}},$$ that is, $$(\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}v_r)\leq \frac{C}{r^\frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}}. \label{cr1}$$ Similar argument indicates that $$(\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}u_r)^q\leq u_r^q(x_1)\leq \frac{C_1}{r^2} \inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)} v_r\leq \frac{C}{r^2} \inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}v_r\leq \frac{C}{r^2} (\frac{C_1}{r^2}\inf_{\mathbb B_{1/2}(a)}u_r)^{\frac{1}{p}}\leq \frac{C}{r^{2(1+\frac{1}{p})}}(\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}u_r)^{\frac{1}{p}},$$ that is, $$(\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}u_r)\leq \frac{C}{r^\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}}. \label{cr2}$$ If $pq=1$, A contradiction is obviously arrived. We readily infer that $u\equiv v\equiv 0$. While $pq>1$, we observe that $$\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}v_r=\inf_{\mathbb B_{3r/4}(ar)}v\geq \frac{r}{4}\inf_{\mathbb B_{3r/4}(ar)}\frac{v}{x_n}\geq\frac{r}{4}\inf_{\mathbb B_{2r}}\frac{v}{x_n}=\frac{r}{4}m_v(2r), \label{pq2}$$ $$\inf_{\mathbb B_{3/4}(a)}u_r=\inf_{\mathbb B_{3r/4}(ar)}u\geq \frac{r}{4}\inf_{\mathbb B_{3r/4}(ar)}\frac{u}{x_n}\geq\frac{r}{4}\inf_{\mathbb B_{2r}}\frac{u}{x_n}=\frac{r}{4}m_u(2r). \label{pq1}$$ From (\[cr1\]) and (\[pq2\]), we obtain $$r^{\tilde{n}}m_v(r)\leq \frac{C}{r^{\frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}+1-\tilde{n}}}. \label{tt3}$$ By (\[cr2\]) and (\[pq1\]), we have $$r^{\tilde{n}}m_u(r)\leq \frac{C}{r^{\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}+1-\tilde{n}}}. \label{tt1}$$ If $$\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}>\tilde{n}-1 \ \ \mbox{or} \ \ \frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}>\tilde{n}-1,$$ then $r^{\tilde{n}}m_u(r)\to 0$ or $r^{\tilde{n}}m_v(r)\to 0$ as $r\to\infty$. Hence Lemma \[kle\] shows that $u\equiv 0$ or $v\equiv 0$. From the structure of fully nonlinear elliptic equation systems, we obtain $u\equiv 0$ and $v\equiv 0$ in either of the cases. Next we study the critical case that $$\frac{2(p+1)}{pq-1}=\tilde{n}-1 \ \ \mbox{and} \ \ \frac{2(q+1)}{pq-1}=\tilde{n}-1 .$$ It is easy to check that $p=q=\frac{\tilde{n}+1}{\tilde{n}-1}$. In this case, (\[tt3\]) and (\[tt1\]) become $$r^{\tilde{n}}m_v(r)\leq C \quad \quad \forall r>0 \label{fuk}$$ and $$r^{\tilde{n}}m_u(r)\leq C \quad \quad \forall r>0. \label{tur}$$ Thanks to the monotonicity property of $r^{\tilde{n}}m_u(r)$ in Lemma \[kle\], $$r^{\tilde{n}}m_u(r)\geq r_0^{\tilde{n}}m_u(r_0) \quad \ \mbox{for} \ r\geq r_0.$$ Then $$u(x)\geq C \frac{x_n}{r^{\tilde{n}}} \quad \ \mbox{for} \ x\in \mathbb R^n_+\backslash \mathbb B_{r_0}. \label{tll}$$ With the aid of (\[tll\]), $$-{\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v)}\geq C(\frac{x_n}{r^{\tilde{n}}})^\frac{\tilde{n}+1}{\tilde{n}-1}, \quad \ \forall x\in\mathbb R^n_+\backslash \mathbb B_{r_0}.$$ Taking into account of Lemma \[lll\], $$-\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda, \Lambda}(D^2(\gamma \Gamma))\leq -{\mathcal{M}^+_{\lambda,\Lambda}(D^2v)}$$ is satisfied by appropriately chosen $\gamma$. Choosing $$\gamma\leq m_v(r_0)\frac{r_0^{\tilde{n}_1}}{e ln r_0+f},$$ we have $$\gamma\Gamma(x)\leq v(x) \quad \ \mbox{on} \ \partial\mathbb B_{r_0}.$$ Fixed any $\epsilon>0$, let $R>0$ be so large that $$\gamma\Gamma(x)\leq \epsilon \quad \ \mbox{for} \ \mathbb R^n_+\backslash \mathbb B_R.$$ The comparison principle in Lemma \[com\] for $\gamma\Gamma(x)$ and $v(x)+\epsilon$ in $\mathbb B_R\backslash\mathbb B_{r_0}$ shows that $$\gamma\Gamma(x)\leq v(x)+\epsilon.$$ In addition, let $R\to \infty$ and then $\epsilon\to 0$, we have $$\gamma\Gamma(x)\leq v(x) \quad \ \forall x\in \mathbb R^n_+\backslash \mathbb B_{r_0}.$$ From the explicit form of $\Gamma(x)$, $$v(x)\geq C\frac{x_n}{|x|^{\tilde{n}}}ln|x| \quad \ \forall x\in \mathbb R^n_+\backslash \mathbb B_{r_0},$$ which implies that $$m_v(r) r^{\tilde{n}}\geq Cln r \quad \ \forall r\geq r_0.$$ It contradicts the bound in (\[fuk\]). The theorem is thus accomplished. The proof of Corollary \[cor2\] is the consequence of the above arguments and estimates in [@L]. We omit it here. [CL]{} S. Armstrong and B. Sirakov, Nonexistence of positive supersolutions of elliptic equations via the maximum principle. Comm. Partial Differential Equations 36(2011), no. 11, 2011-2047. S. Armstrong and B. Sirakov, Sharp Liouville results for fully nonlinear equations with power-growth nonlinearities, Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. 10(2011), no. 3, 711-728. X. Cabre and L. Caffarelli, Fully nonlinear elliptic equation, Vol. 43, American Mathematical Society. Providence. RI, 1995. D. Capuzzo and A. Cutri, Hadamard and Liouville type results for fully nonlinear partial differential inequalities, Comm. Contemp. Math. 5(2003), 435-448. A. Cutr$\grave{i}$ and F. Leoni, On the Liouville property for fully nonlinear elliptic equations, Ann. Inst. H. Poincar$\acute{e}$ Anal. Non Lin$\acute{e}$aire 17(2000), no.2, 219-245. W. Chen and C. Li, Classification of solutions of some nonlinear nonlinear elliptic equations, Duke Math. J. 63(1991), 615-622. E. Dancer, Some notes on the method of moving planes, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 46(1992), 425-434. L. D’Ambrosio and E. Mitidieri, A priori estimates, positivity results, and nonexistence theorems for quasilinear degenerate elliptic inequalities, Adv. Math. 224(2010), 967-1020. D. G. deFigueiredo, P. L. Lions and R. D. Nussbaum, A priori estimate and existence of positive solution to semilinear elliptic equations, J. Math. Pures at Appl. 61(1982), 41-63. P. Felmer and A. Quaas, Fundamental solutions and two properties of elliptic maximal and minimal operators, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. Trans. 361(2009), 5721-5736. B. Gidas and J. Spruck, A priori bounds for positive solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations, Commun. Partial Diff. Equations 6(1981), 883-901. B. Gidas and J. Spruck, Global and local behavior of positive solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 34(1981), 525-598. F. Leoni, Explicit subsolutions and a Liouville theorem for fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic inequalities in half spaces, J. Math. Pures Appl. 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2012.05.003. G. Lu, P. Wang and J. Zhu, Liouville-type theorems and decay estimates for solutions to higher order elliptic equations, Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincare (C) Non Linear Analysis http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2012.02.004. Y.Y. Li and L. Zhang, Liouville-type theorems and Harnack-type inequalities for semilinear elliptic equations, J. Anal. Math. 90(2003), 27-87. M.F. Protter and H.F. Weinberger, Maximum principles in differential equaiton, Prentice Hall, 1967. P. Pol$\acute{a}$$\check{c}$ik, P.Quittner and P.Souplet, Singularity and decay estimates in superlinear problems via Liouville-type theorems, Duke Math. J. 139 (2007), 555-579. A. Quaas and B. Sirakov, Existence results for nonproper elliptic equations involving the Pucci operator, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 31(2006), no. 7-9, 987-1003. A. Quaas and B. Sirakov, Existence and non-existence results for fully nonlinear elliptic systems. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 58(2009), no.2, 751-788. J. Serrin and H. Zou, Cauchy-Liouville and universal boundedness theorems for quasilinear elliptic equations and inequalities, Acta Math. 189(2002), no. 1, 79-142. [^1]: Research is partly supported by a US NSF grant.\ Revised version on July 23, 2012. | High | [
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Human Placental-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation (HPDSC) The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details. The purpose of this clinical trial is to investigate the safety of human placental-derived stem cells (HPDSC) given in conjunction with umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells in patients with various malignant or nonmalignant disorders who require a stem cell transplant. Patients will get either full dose (high-intensity) or lower dose (low intensity) chemo- and immunotherapy followed by a stem cell transplantation with UCB and HPDSC. A Single-Arm Study to Assess the Safety of Transplantation With Human Placental-Derived Stem-Cells Combined With Unrelated and Related Cord Blood in Subjects With Certain Malignant Hematologic Diseases and Non-Malignant Disorders Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. | Mid | [
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Pravastatin activates the expression of farnesoid X receptor and liver X receptor alpha in Hep3B cells. Statins are suggested to preserve gallbladder function by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and preventing cholesterol accumulation in gallbladder epithelial cells. They also affect cross-talk among the nuclear hormone receptors that regulate cholesterol-bile acid metabolism in the nuclei of hepatocytes. However, there is controversy over whether or how statins change the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha, PPARgamma, liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), ABCG5, ABCG8, and 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) which are directly involved in the cholesterol saturation index in bile. Human Hep3B cells were cultured on dishes. MTT assays were performed to determine the appropriate concentrations of reagents to be used. The protein expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma was measured by Western blotting analysis, and the mRNA expression of LXRalpha, FXR, ABCG5, ABCG8 and CYP7A1 was estimated by RT-PCR. In cultured Hep3B cells, pravastatin activated PPARalpha and PPARgamma protein expression, induced stronger expression of PPARgamma than that of PPARalpha, increased LXRalpha mRNA expression, activated ABCG5 and ABCG8 mRNA expression mediated by FXR as well as LXRalpha, enhanced FXR mRNA expression, and increased CYP7A1 mRNA expression mediated by the PPARgamma and LXRalpha pathways, together or independently. Our data suggested that pravastatin prevents cholesterol gallstone diseases via the increase of FXR, LXRalpha and CYP7A1 in human hepatocytes. | High | [
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The side of President Obama's Trump speech that you didn't see A White House staff member weeps openly as she awaits U.S. President Barack Obama's arrival to speak about the election results in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, U.S., November 9, 2016. (REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque) White House staff, including Press Secretary Josh Earnest (2nd L), senior advisor Valerie Jarrett (3rd L) and Communication Director Jen Psaki (2nd R), listen as U.S. President Barack Obama makes a statement on the election results at the Rose Garden of the White House November 9, 2006 in Washington, DC. Republican presidential nominee has won the election and will become the 45th president of the United States. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images) U.S. President Barack Obama, with Vice President Joe Biden at his side, speaks about the election results that saw Donald Trump become President-elect from the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington November 9, 2016. (REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque) Staff members listen as U.S. President Barack Obama, not pictured, speaks in the Rose Garden at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., on Wednesday, Nov. 9, 2016. No U.S. president put more on the line than Obama to ensure the election of his chosen successor. Now, Hillary Clinton's failure may serve as a repudiation of much of his two-term legacy. (Photographer: T.J. Kirkpatrick/Bloomberg via Getty Images) U.S. President Barack Obama speaks about the election results that saw Donald Trump become President-elect from the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, U.S., November 9, 2016. (REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque) White House staff listen as U.S. President Barack Obama made a statement on the election results in the Rose Garden at the White House November 9, 2016 in Washington, DC. Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump has won the election and will become the 45th president of the United States. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images) White House spokesman Josh Earnest speaks to reporters about the presidential election victory of Republican Donald Trump from the White House in Washington November 9, 2016. (REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque) Staff members applaud as U.S. President Barack Obama, not pictured, speaks in the Rose Garden at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., on Wednesday, Nov. 9, 2016. No U.S. president put more on the line than Obama to ensure the election of his chosen successor. Now, Hillary Clinton's failure may serve as a repudiation of much of his two-term legacy. (Photographer: T.J. Kirkpatrick/Bloomberg via Getty Images) U.S. President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden (L) walk to the Oval Office after Obama spoke about the election results that saw Donald Trump become President-elect from the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington November 9, 2016. (REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque) Senior Advisor Valerie Jarrett (at column) and White House staffers listen as U.S. President Barack Obama speaks after the election of Donald Trump in the U.S. presidential election at the White House in Washington, U.S., November 9, 2016. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts U.S. President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden (L) enter the Oval Office after Obama spoke about the election results that saw Donald Trump become President-elect from the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington, U.S., November 9, 2016. (REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) Up Next See Gallery Discover More Like This HIDE CAPTION SHOW CAPTION of SEE ALL BACK TO SLIDE President Barack Obama made his first public remarks on Donald Trump's presidential win during a brief speech held Wednesday in the White House Rose Garden. And while viewers around the world tuned in to watch the president speak, a photo courtesy of Washington Post staff writer David Nakamura shows a side of Obama's speech that viewers didn't see. The image shows the crowd of White House staffers looking hopelessly defeated in the aftermath of Tuesday's election. | Low | [
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india Updated: Jan 08, 2020 06:22 IST From former student leader Kanhaiya Kumar to Bollywood actor Deepika Padukone, political figures and celebrities joined protests at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) to extend solidarity with students and teachers injured in Sunday’s mob attack. Amid chants of “Azaadi” on Tuesday, Kanhaiya Kumar blamed the government. “The government has chosen a wrong university to fight with. They call me the leader of tukde-tukde gang. I take it with pride. My university will always raise voice against the social injustice,” he said On Sunday, a violent mob attacked students and teachers. More than 30 persons, including JNU student union president Aishe Ghosh, were injured. “Let them file 70 FIRs against me. We are not afraid. We have done no crime and we will continue our fight,” said Ghosh, referring to FIRs against her. Padukone, who turned up at the venue at 7.45pm, did not address the crowd.She walked up to Ghosh and greeted her. The actor is in town for a film promotion. A group of JNU alumni, including CPI (M) leader Sitaram Yechury, CPI’s D Raja, Congress’ Sharmistha Mukherjee and Swaraj Abhiyan chief Yogendra Yadav also took out a march demanding resignation of the vice-chancellor Jagadesh Kumar. “Many JNU alumni who are also members of Parliament have decided to write a letter to the President requesting for the dismissal of the JNU VC,” Yechury said. Yadav said that he had come to the campus to extend solidarity with the students, but was manhandled by the mob outside the main gate on Sunday. “It’s so shocking to see the police was just standing as spectator and not stopping the violent mob.” Raja, who had also visited the campus on Sunday night, said that whatever happened at JNU campus on Sunday was horrific. “It was a case of absolute fascism in action.” | Mid | [
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/* Copyright (C) 2014, The University of Texas at Austin This file is part of libflame and is available under the 3-Clause BSD license, which can be found in the LICENSE file at the top-level directory, or at http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause */ #include "FLAME.h" FLA_Error FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_opt_var3( FLA_Obj A, FLA_Obj TU, FLA_Obj TV ) { return FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opt_var3( A, TU, TV ); } FLA_Error FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opt_var3( FLA_Obj A, FLA_Obj T, FLA_Obj S ) { FLA_Datatype datatype; int m_A, n_A, m_TS; int rs_A, cs_A; int rs_T, cs_T; int rs_S, cs_S; datatype = FLA_Obj_datatype( A ); m_A = FLA_Obj_length( A ); n_A = FLA_Obj_width( A ); m_TS = FLA_Obj_length( T ); rs_A = FLA_Obj_row_stride( A ); cs_A = FLA_Obj_col_stride( A ); rs_T = FLA_Obj_row_stride( T ); cs_T = FLA_Obj_col_stride( T ); rs_S = FLA_Obj_row_stride( S ); cs_S = FLA_Obj_col_stride( S ); switch ( datatype ) { case FLA_FLOAT: { float* buff_A = FLA_FLOAT_PTR( A ); float* buff_T = FLA_FLOAT_PTR( T ); float* buff_S = FLA_FLOAT_PTR( S ); FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_ops_var3( m_A, n_A, m_TS, buff_A, rs_A, cs_A, buff_T, rs_T, cs_T, buff_S, rs_S, cs_S ); break; } case FLA_DOUBLE: { double* buff_A = FLA_DOUBLE_PTR( A ); double* buff_T = FLA_DOUBLE_PTR( T ); double* buff_S = FLA_DOUBLE_PTR( S ); FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opd_var3( m_A, n_A, m_TS, buff_A, rs_A, cs_A, buff_T, rs_T, cs_T, buff_S, rs_S, cs_S ); break; } case FLA_COMPLEX: { scomplex* buff_A = FLA_COMPLEX_PTR( A ); scomplex* buff_T = FLA_COMPLEX_PTR( T ); scomplex* buff_S = FLA_COMPLEX_PTR( S ); FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opc_var3( m_A, n_A, m_TS, buff_A, rs_A, cs_A, buff_T, rs_T, cs_T, buff_S, rs_S, cs_S ); break; } case FLA_DOUBLE_COMPLEX: { dcomplex* buff_A = FLA_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_PTR( A ); dcomplex* buff_T = FLA_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_PTR( T ); dcomplex* buff_S = FLA_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_PTR( S ); FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opz_var3( m_A, n_A, m_TS, buff_A, rs_A, cs_A, buff_T, rs_T, cs_T, buff_S, rs_S, cs_S ); break; } } return FLA_SUCCESS; } FLA_Error FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_ops_var3( int m_A, int n_A, int m_TS, float* buff_A, int rs_A, int cs_A, float* buff_T, int rs_T, int cs_T, float* buff_S, int rs_S, int cs_S ) { float* buff_1 = FLA_FLOAT_PTR( FLA_ONE ); float* buff_0 = FLA_FLOAT_PTR( FLA_ZERO ); float* buff_m1 = FLA_FLOAT_PTR( FLA_MINUS_ONE ); float alpha12; float minus_conj_alpha12; float psi11_minus_alpha12; float minus_inv_tau11; float minus_upsilon11; float minus_conj_nu11; float minus_conj_psi11; float minus_zeta11; float beta; int i; // b_alg = FLA_Obj_length( T ); int b_alg = m_TS; // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &w ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &ap ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &u ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &up ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &v ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &y ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &z ); float* buff_w = ( float* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); float* buff_ap = ( float* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); float* buff_u = ( float* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); float* buff_up = ( float* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); float* buff_v = ( float* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); float* buff_y = ( float* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); float* buff_z = ( float* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); int inc_w = 1; int inc_ap = 1; int inc_u = 1; int inc_up = 1; int inc_v = 1; int inc_y = 1; int inc_z = 1; for ( i = 0; i < b_alg; ++i ) { float* a10t = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; float* A20 = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; float* alpha11 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; float* a21 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; float* A02 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; float* a12t = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; float* A22 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; float* t01 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (0 )*rs_T; float* tau11 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (i )*rs_T; float* s01 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (0 )*rs_S; float* sigma11 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (i )*rs_S; float* w21 = buff_w + (i+1)*inc_w; float* a12p = buff_ap + (i+1)*inc_ap; float* upsilon11 = buff_u + (i )*inc_u; float* u21 = buff_u + (i+1)*inc_u; float* u21p = buff_up + (i+1)*inc_up; float* nu11 = buff_v + (i )*inc_v; float* v21 = buff_v + (i+1)*inc_v; float* psi11 = buff_y + (i )*inc_y; float* y21 = buff_y + (i+1)*inc_y; float* zeta11 = buff_z + (i )*inc_z; float* z21 = buff_z + (i+1)*inc_z; float* a12p_t = a12p + (0 )*inc_ap; float* a12p_b = a12p + (1 )*inc_ap; float* v21_t = v21 + (0 )*inc_v; float* v21_b = v21 + (1 )*inc_v; float* a12t_l = a12t + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; float* a12t_r = a12t + (1 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; float* A22_l = A22 + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; int m_ahead = m_A - i - 1; int n_ahead = n_A - i - 1; int m_behind = i; int n_behind = i; /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( upsilon11, minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_upsilon11 ); bl1_smult3( buff_m1, upsilon11, &minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Copy( zeta11, minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_zeta11 ); bl1_smult3( buff_m1, zeta11, &minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, psi11, minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_scopyconj( psi11, &minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_sscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, nu11, minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_scopyconj( nu11, &minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_sscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, alpha11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, alpha11 ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, u21, a21 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, z21, a21 ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_psi11, u21, inc_u, a21, rs_A ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_nu11, z21, inc_z, a21, rs_A ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_upsilon11, y21, a12t ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_zeta11, v21, a12t ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_upsilon11, y21, inc_y, a12t, cs_A ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_zeta11, v21, inc_v, a12t, cs_A ); } // FLA_Househ2_UT( FLA_LEFT, // alpha11, // a21, tau11 ); // FLA_Copy( a21, u21p ); FLA_Househ2_UT_l_ops( m_ahead, alpha11, a21, rs_A, tau11 ); bl1_scopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, a21, rs_A, u21p, inc_up ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, minus_inv_tau11 ); bl1_sdiv3( buff_m1, tau11, &minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, a12t, a12p ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, a12t, a12p ); bl1_scopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); } if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_sger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_sger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, u21p, FLA_ZERO, y21 ); bl1_sgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, u21p, inc_up, buff_0, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, y21, a12p ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, y21, inc_y, a12p, inc_ap ); // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, a12p, FLA_ZERO, w21 ); bl1_sgemv( BLIS1_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap, buff_0, w21, inc_w ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, a12t, y21 ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, buff_1, a12t, cs_A, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Househ2s_UT( FLA_RIGHT, // a12p_t, // a12p_b, // alpha12, psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); FLA_Househ2s_UT_r_ops( n_ahead - 1, a12p_t, a12p_b, inc_ap, &alpha12, &psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); // FLA_Copy( a12p, v21 ); // FLA_Mult_add( FLA_MINUS_ONE, alpha12, v21_t ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, v21 ); // FLA_Conjugate( v21_b ); bl1_scopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12p, inc_ap, v21, inc_v ); bl1_smult4( buff_m1, &alpha12, v21_t, v21_t ); bl1_sinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, v21, inc_v ); bl1_sconjv( n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, a12t_l ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, v21_b, a12t_r ); *a12t_l = alpha12; bl1_scopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v, a12t_r, cs_A ); } // FLA_Copy( u21p, u21 ); bl1_scopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, u21p, inc_up, u21, inc_u ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Dotc( FLA_CONJUGATE, y21, v21, beta ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, beta ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, beta ); bl1_sdot( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, y21, inc_y, v21, inc_v, &beta ); bl1_sscals( &minus_inv_tau11, &beta ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_scopyconj( &alpha12, &minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_sneg1( &minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Copy( w21, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, z21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( beta, u21, z21 ); bl1_scopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, w21, inc_w, z21, inc_z ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, rs_A, z21, inc_z ); bl1_sinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, z21, inc_z ); bl1_saxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &beta, u21, inc_u, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, y21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, sigma11, z21 ); bl1_sinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, tau11, y21, inc_y ); bl1_sinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, sigma11, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A02, v21, FLA_ZERO, s01 ); bl1_sgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_behind, n_ahead, buff_1, A02, rs_A, cs_A, v21, inc_v, buff_0, s01, rs_S ); } // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, a10t, t01 ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A20, u21, FLA_ONE, t01 ); bl1_scopyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_behind, a10t, cs_A, t01, rs_T ); bl1_sgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_behind, buff_1, A20, rs_A, cs_A, u21, inc_u, buff_1, t01, rs_T ); if ( m_behind + 1 == b_alg && n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_sger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_sger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ } // FLA_Obj_free( &w ); // FLA_Obj_free( &ap ); // FLA_Obj_free( &u ); // FLA_Obj_free( &up ); // FLA_Obj_free( &v ); // FLA_Obj_free( &y ); // FLA_Obj_free( &z ); FLA_free( buff_w ); FLA_free( buff_ap ); FLA_free( buff_u ); FLA_free( buff_up ); FLA_free( buff_v ); FLA_free( buff_y ); FLA_free( buff_z ); return FLA_SUCCESS; } FLA_Error FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opd_var3( int m_A, int n_A, int m_TS, double* buff_A, int rs_A, int cs_A, double* buff_T, int rs_T, int cs_T, double* buff_S, int rs_S, int cs_S ) { double* buff_1 = FLA_DOUBLE_PTR( FLA_ONE ); double* buff_0 = FLA_DOUBLE_PTR( FLA_ZERO ); double* buff_m1 = FLA_DOUBLE_PTR( FLA_MINUS_ONE ); double alpha12; double minus_conj_alpha12; double psi11_minus_alpha12; double minus_inv_tau11; double minus_upsilon11; double minus_conj_nu11; double minus_conj_psi11; double minus_zeta11; double beta; int i; // b_alg = FLA_Obj_length( T ); int b_alg = m_TS; // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &w ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &ap ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &u ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &up ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &v ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &y ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &z ); double* buff_w = ( double* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); double* buff_ap = ( double* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); double* buff_u = ( double* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); double* buff_up = ( double* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); double* buff_v = ( double* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); double* buff_y = ( double* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); double* buff_z = ( double* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); int inc_w = 1; int inc_ap = 1; int inc_u = 1; int inc_up = 1; int inc_v = 1; int inc_y = 1; int inc_z = 1; for ( i = 0; i < b_alg; ++i ) { double* a10t = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; double* A20 = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; double* alpha11 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; double* a21 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; double* A02 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; double* a12t = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; double* A22 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; double* t01 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (0 )*rs_T; double* tau11 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (i )*rs_T; double* s01 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (0 )*rs_S; double* sigma11 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (i )*rs_S; double* w21 = buff_w + (i+1)*inc_w; double* a12p = buff_ap + (i+1)*inc_ap; double* upsilon11 = buff_u + (i )*inc_u; double* u21 = buff_u + (i+1)*inc_u; double* u21p = buff_up + (i+1)*inc_up; double* nu11 = buff_v + (i )*inc_v; double* v21 = buff_v + (i+1)*inc_v; double* psi11 = buff_y + (i )*inc_y; double* y21 = buff_y + (i+1)*inc_y; double* zeta11 = buff_z + (i )*inc_z; double* z21 = buff_z + (i+1)*inc_z; double* a12p_t = a12p + (0 )*inc_ap; double* a12p_b = a12p + (1 )*inc_ap; double* v21_t = v21 + (0 )*inc_v; double* v21_b = v21 + (1 )*inc_v; double* a12t_l = a12t + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; double* a12t_r = a12t + (1 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; double* A22_l = A22 + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; int m_ahead = m_A - i - 1; int n_ahead = n_A - i - 1; int m_behind = i; int n_behind = i; /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( upsilon11, minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_upsilon11 ); bl1_dmult3( buff_m1, upsilon11, &minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Copy( zeta11, minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_zeta11 ); bl1_dmult3( buff_m1, zeta11, &minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, psi11, minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_dcopyconj( psi11, &minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_dscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, nu11, minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_dcopyconj( nu11, &minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_dscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, alpha11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, alpha11 ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, u21, a21 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, z21, a21 ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_psi11, u21, inc_u, a21, rs_A ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_nu11, z21, inc_z, a21, rs_A ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_upsilon11, y21, a12t ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_zeta11, v21, a12t ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_upsilon11, y21, inc_y, a12t, cs_A ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_zeta11, v21, inc_v, a12t, cs_A ); } // FLA_Househ2_UT( FLA_LEFT, // alpha11, // a21, tau11 ); // FLA_Copy( a21, u21p ); FLA_Househ2_UT_l_opd( m_ahead, alpha11, a21, rs_A, tau11 ); bl1_dcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, a21, rs_A, u21p, inc_up ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, minus_inv_tau11 ); bl1_ddiv3( buff_m1, tau11, &minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, a12t, a12p ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, a12t, a12p ); bl1_dcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); } if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_dger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_dger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, u21p, FLA_ZERO, y21 ); bl1_dgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, u21p, inc_up, buff_0, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, y21, a12p ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, y21, inc_y, a12p, inc_ap ); // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, a12p, FLA_ZERO, w21 ); bl1_dgemv( BLIS1_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap, buff_0, w21, inc_w ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, a12t, y21 ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, buff_1, a12t, cs_A, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Househ2s_UT( FLA_RIGHT, // a12p_t, // a12p_b, // alpha12, psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); FLA_Househ2s_UT_r_opd( n_ahead - 1, a12p_t, a12p_b, inc_ap, &alpha12, &psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); // FLA_Copy( a12p, v21 ); // FLA_Mult_add( FLA_MINUS_ONE, alpha12, v21_t ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, v21 ); // FLA_Conjugate( v21_b ); bl1_dcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12p, inc_ap, v21, inc_v ); bl1_dmult4( buff_m1, &alpha12, v21_t, v21_t ); bl1_dinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, v21, inc_v ); bl1_dconjv( n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, a12t_l ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, v21_b, a12t_r ); *a12t_l = alpha12; bl1_dcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v, a12t_r, cs_A ); } // FLA_Copy( u21p, u21 ); bl1_dcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, u21p, inc_up, u21, inc_u ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Dotc( FLA_CONJUGATE, y21, v21, beta ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, beta ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, beta ); bl1_ddot( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, y21, inc_y, v21, inc_v, &beta ); bl1_dscals( &minus_inv_tau11, &beta ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_dcopyconj( &alpha12, &minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_dneg1( &minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Copy( w21, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, z21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( beta, u21, z21 ); bl1_dcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, w21, inc_w, z21, inc_z ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, rs_A, z21, inc_z ); bl1_dinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, z21, inc_z ); bl1_daxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &beta, u21, inc_u, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, y21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, sigma11, z21 ); bl1_dinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, tau11, y21, inc_y ); bl1_dinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, sigma11, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A02, v21, FLA_ZERO, s01 ); bl1_dgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_behind, n_ahead, buff_1, A02, rs_A, cs_A, v21, inc_v, buff_0, s01, rs_S ); } // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, a10t, t01 ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A20, u21, FLA_ONE, t01 ); bl1_dcopyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_behind, a10t, cs_A, t01, rs_T ); bl1_dgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_behind, buff_1, A20, rs_A, cs_A, u21, inc_u, buff_1, t01, rs_T ); if ( m_behind + 1 == b_alg && n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_dger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_dger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ } // FLA_Obj_free( &w ); // FLA_Obj_free( &ap ); // FLA_Obj_free( &u ); // FLA_Obj_free( &up ); // FLA_Obj_free( &v ); // FLA_Obj_free( &y ); // FLA_Obj_free( &z ); FLA_free( buff_w ); FLA_free( buff_ap ); FLA_free( buff_u ); FLA_free( buff_up ); FLA_free( buff_v ); FLA_free( buff_y ); FLA_free( buff_z ); return FLA_SUCCESS; } FLA_Error FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opc_var3( int m_A, int n_A, int m_TS, scomplex* buff_A, int rs_A, int cs_A, scomplex* buff_T, int rs_T, int cs_T, scomplex* buff_S, int rs_S, int cs_S ) { scomplex* buff_1 = FLA_COMPLEX_PTR( FLA_ONE ); scomplex* buff_0 = FLA_COMPLEX_PTR( FLA_ZERO ); scomplex* buff_m1 = FLA_COMPLEX_PTR( FLA_MINUS_ONE ); scomplex alpha12; scomplex minus_conj_alpha12; scomplex psi11_minus_alpha12; scomplex minus_inv_tau11; scomplex minus_upsilon11; scomplex minus_conj_nu11; scomplex minus_conj_psi11; scomplex minus_zeta11; scomplex beta; int i; // b_alg = FLA_Obj_length( T ); int b_alg = m_TS; // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &w ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &ap ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &u ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &up ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &v ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &y ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &z ); scomplex* buff_w = ( scomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); scomplex* buff_ap = ( scomplex* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); scomplex* buff_u = ( scomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); scomplex* buff_up = ( scomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); scomplex* buff_v = ( scomplex* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); scomplex* buff_y = ( scomplex* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); scomplex* buff_z = ( scomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); int inc_w = 1; int inc_ap = 1; int inc_u = 1; int inc_up = 1; int inc_v = 1; int inc_y = 1; int inc_z = 1; for ( i = 0; i < b_alg; ++i ) { scomplex* a10t = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; scomplex* A20 = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; scomplex* alpha11 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; scomplex* a21 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; scomplex* A02 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; scomplex* a12t = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; scomplex* A22 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; scomplex* t01 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (0 )*rs_T; scomplex* tau11 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (i )*rs_T; scomplex* s01 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (0 )*rs_S; scomplex* sigma11 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (i )*rs_S; scomplex* w21 = buff_w + (i+1)*inc_w; scomplex* a12p = buff_ap + (i+1)*inc_ap; scomplex* upsilon11 = buff_u + (i )*inc_u; scomplex* u21 = buff_u + (i+1)*inc_u; scomplex* u21p = buff_up + (i+1)*inc_up; scomplex* nu11 = buff_v + (i )*inc_v; scomplex* v21 = buff_v + (i+1)*inc_v; scomplex* psi11 = buff_y + (i )*inc_y; scomplex* y21 = buff_y + (i+1)*inc_y; scomplex* zeta11 = buff_z + (i )*inc_z; scomplex* z21 = buff_z + (i+1)*inc_z; scomplex* a12p_t = a12p + (0 )*inc_ap; scomplex* a12p_b = a12p + (1 )*inc_ap; scomplex* v21_t = v21 + (0 )*inc_v; scomplex* v21_b = v21 + (1 )*inc_v; scomplex* a12t_l = a12t + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; scomplex* a12t_r = a12t + (1 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; scomplex* A22_l = A22 + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; int m_ahead = m_A - i - 1; int n_ahead = n_A - i - 1; int m_behind = i; int n_behind = i; /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( upsilon11, minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_upsilon11 ); bl1_cmult3( buff_m1, upsilon11, &minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Copy( zeta11, minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_zeta11 ); bl1_cmult3( buff_m1, zeta11, &minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, psi11, minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_ccopyconj( psi11, &minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_cscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, nu11, minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_ccopyconj( nu11, &minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_cscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, alpha11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, alpha11 ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, u21, a21 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, z21, a21 ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_psi11, u21, inc_u, a21, rs_A ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_nu11, z21, inc_z, a21, rs_A ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_upsilon11, y21, a12t ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_zeta11, v21, a12t ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_upsilon11, y21, inc_y, a12t, cs_A ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_zeta11, v21, inc_v, a12t, cs_A ); } // FLA_Househ2_UT( FLA_LEFT, // alpha11, // a21, tau11 ); // FLA_Copy( a21, u21p ); FLA_Househ2_UT_l_opc( m_ahead, alpha11, a21, rs_A, tau11 ); bl1_ccopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, a21, rs_A, u21p, inc_up ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, minus_inv_tau11 ); bl1_cdiv3( buff_m1, tau11, &minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, a12t, a12p ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, a12t, a12p ); bl1_ccopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); } if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_cger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_cger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, u21p, FLA_ZERO, y21 ); bl1_cgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, u21p, inc_up, buff_0, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, y21, a12p ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, y21, inc_y, a12p, inc_ap ); // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, a12p, FLA_ZERO, w21 ); bl1_cgemv( BLIS1_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap, buff_0, w21, inc_w ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, a12t, y21 ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, buff_1, a12t, cs_A, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Househ2s_UT( FLA_RIGHT, // a12p_t, // a12p_b, // alpha12, psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); FLA_Househ2s_UT_r_opc( n_ahead - 1, a12p_t, a12p_b, inc_ap, &alpha12, &psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); // FLA_Copy( a12p, v21 ); // FLA_Mult_add( FLA_MINUS_ONE, alpha12, v21_t ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, v21 ); // FLA_Conjugate( v21_b ); bl1_ccopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12p, inc_ap, v21, inc_v ); bl1_cmult4( buff_m1, &alpha12, v21_t, v21_t ); bl1_cinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, v21, inc_v ); bl1_cconjv( n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, a12t_l ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, v21_b, a12t_r ); *a12t_l = alpha12; bl1_ccopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v, a12t_r, cs_A ); } // FLA_Copy( u21p, u21 ); bl1_ccopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, u21p, inc_up, u21, inc_u ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Dotc( FLA_CONJUGATE, y21, v21, beta ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, beta ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, beta ); bl1_cdot( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, y21, inc_y, v21, inc_v, &beta ); bl1_cscals( &minus_inv_tau11, &beta ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_ccopyconj( &alpha12, &minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_cneg1( &minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Copy( w21, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, z21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( beta, u21, z21 ); bl1_ccopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, w21, inc_w, z21, inc_z ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, rs_A, z21, inc_z ); bl1_cinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, z21, inc_z ); bl1_caxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &beta, u21, inc_u, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, y21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, sigma11, z21 ); bl1_cinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, tau11, y21, inc_y ); bl1_cinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, sigma11, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A02, v21, FLA_ZERO, s01 ); bl1_cgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_behind, n_ahead, buff_1, A02, rs_A, cs_A, v21, inc_v, buff_0, s01, rs_S ); } // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, a10t, t01 ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A20, u21, FLA_ONE, t01 ); bl1_ccopyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_behind, a10t, cs_A, t01, rs_T ); bl1_cgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_behind, buff_1, A20, rs_A, cs_A, u21, inc_u, buff_1, t01, rs_T ); if ( m_behind + 1 == b_alg && n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_cger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_cger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ } // FLA_Obj_free( &w ); // FLA_Obj_free( &ap ); // FLA_Obj_free( &u ); // FLA_Obj_free( &up ); // FLA_Obj_free( &v ); // FLA_Obj_free( &y ); // FLA_Obj_free( &z ); FLA_free( buff_w ); FLA_free( buff_ap ); FLA_free( buff_u ); FLA_free( buff_up ); FLA_free( buff_v ); FLA_free( buff_y ); FLA_free( buff_z ); return FLA_SUCCESS; } FLA_Error FLA_Bidiag_UT_u_step_opz_var3( int m_A, int n_A, int m_TS, dcomplex* buff_A, int rs_A, int cs_A, dcomplex* buff_T, int rs_T, int cs_T, dcomplex* buff_S, int rs_S, int cs_S ) { dcomplex* buff_1 = FLA_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_PTR( FLA_ONE ); dcomplex* buff_0 = FLA_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_PTR( FLA_ZERO ); dcomplex* buff_m1 = FLA_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_PTR( FLA_MINUS_ONE ); dcomplex alpha12; dcomplex minus_conj_alpha12; dcomplex psi11_minus_alpha12; dcomplex minus_inv_tau11; dcomplex minus_upsilon11; dcomplex minus_conj_nu11; dcomplex minus_conj_psi11; dcomplex minus_zeta11; dcomplex beta; int i; // b_alg = FLA_Obj_length( T ); int b_alg = m_TS; // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &w ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &ap ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &u ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &up ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &v ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, n_A, 1, 0, 0, &y ); // FLA_Obj_create( datatype_A, m_A, 1, 0, 0, &z ); dcomplex* buff_w = ( dcomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); dcomplex* buff_ap = ( dcomplex* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); dcomplex* buff_u = ( dcomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); dcomplex* buff_up = ( dcomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); dcomplex* buff_v = ( dcomplex* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); dcomplex* buff_y = ( dcomplex* ) FLA_malloc( n_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); dcomplex* buff_z = ( dcomplex* ) FLA_malloc( m_A * sizeof( *buff_A ) ); int inc_w = 1; int inc_ap = 1; int inc_u = 1; int inc_up = 1; int inc_v = 1; int inc_y = 1; int inc_z = 1; for ( i = 0; i < b_alg; ++i ) { dcomplex* a10t = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; dcomplex* A20 = buff_A + (0 )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; dcomplex* alpha11 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; dcomplex* a21 = buff_A + (i )*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; dcomplex* A02 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; dcomplex* a12t = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i )*rs_A; dcomplex* A22 = buff_A + (i+1)*cs_A + (i+1)*rs_A; dcomplex* t01 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (0 )*rs_T; dcomplex* tau11 = buff_T + (i )*cs_T + (i )*rs_T; dcomplex* s01 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (0 )*rs_S; dcomplex* sigma11 = buff_S + (i )*cs_S + (i )*rs_S; dcomplex* w21 = buff_w + (i+1)*inc_w; dcomplex* a12p = buff_ap + (i+1)*inc_ap; dcomplex* upsilon11 = buff_u + (i )*inc_u; dcomplex* u21 = buff_u + (i+1)*inc_u; dcomplex* u21p = buff_up + (i+1)*inc_up; dcomplex* nu11 = buff_v + (i )*inc_v; dcomplex* v21 = buff_v + (i+1)*inc_v; dcomplex* psi11 = buff_y + (i )*inc_y; dcomplex* y21 = buff_y + (i+1)*inc_y; dcomplex* zeta11 = buff_z + (i )*inc_z; dcomplex* z21 = buff_z + (i+1)*inc_z; dcomplex* a12p_t = a12p + (0 )*inc_ap; dcomplex* a12p_b = a12p + (1 )*inc_ap; dcomplex* v21_t = v21 + (0 )*inc_v; dcomplex* v21_b = v21 + (1 )*inc_v; dcomplex* a12t_l = a12t + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; dcomplex* a12t_r = a12t + (1 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; dcomplex* A22_l = A22 + (0 )*cs_A + (0 )*rs_A; int m_ahead = m_A - i - 1; int n_ahead = n_A - i - 1; int m_behind = i; int n_behind = i; /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( upsilon11, minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_upsilon11 ); bl1_zmult3( buff_m1, upsilon11, &minus_upsilon11 ); // FLA_Copy( zeta11, minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_zeta11 ); bl1_zmult3( buff_m1, zeta11, &minus_zeta11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, psi11, minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_zcopyconj( psi11, &minus_conj_psi11 ); bl1_zscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_psi11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, nu11, minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_zcopyconj( nu11, &minus_conj_nu11 ); bl1_zscals( buff_m1, &minus_conj_nu11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, alpha11 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, alpha11 ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_psi11, upsilon11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, 1, &minus_conj_nu11, zeta11, 1, alpha11, 1 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_psi11, u21, a21 ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_conj_nu11, z21, a21 ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_psi11, u21, inc_u, a21, rs_A ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_nu11, z21, inc_z, a21, rs_A ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_upsilon11, y21, a12t ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, minus_zeta11, v21, a12t ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_upsilon11, y21, inc_y, a12t, cs_A ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_zeta11, v21, inc_v, a12t, cs_A ); } // FLA_Househ2_UT( FLA_LEFT, // alpha11, // a21, tau11 ); // FLA_Copy( a21, u21p ); FLA_Househ2_UT_l_opz( m_ahead, alpha11, a21, rs_A, tau11 ); bl1_zcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, a21, rs_A, u21p, inc_up ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Copy( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, minus_inv_tau11 ); bl1_zdiv3( buff_m1, tau11, &minus_inv_tau11 ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, a12t, a12p ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, a12t, a12p ); bl1_zcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, a12t, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap ); } if ( m_behind > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_zger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_zger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, u21p, FLA_ZERO, y21 ); bl1_zgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, u21p, inc_up, buff_0, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, minus_inv_tau11, y21, a12p ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &minus_inv_tau11, y21, inc_y, a12p, inc_ap ); // FLA_Gemvc( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_ONE, A22, a12p, FLA_ZERO, w21 ); bl1_zgemv( BLIS1_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_1, A22, rs_A, cs_A, a12p, inc_ap, buff_0, w21, inc_w ); // FLA_Axpyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, a12t, y21 ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, buff_1, a12t, cs_A, y21, inc_y ); // FLA_Househ2s_UT( FLA_RIGHT, // a12p_t, // a12p_b, // alpha12, psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); FLA_Househ2s_UT_r_opz( n_ahead - 1, a12p_t, a12p_b, inc_ap, &alpha12, &psi11_minus_alpha12, sigma11 ); // FLA_Copy( a12p, v21 ); // FLA_Mult_add( FLA_MINUS_ONE, alpha12, v21_t ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, v21 ); // FLA_Conjugate( v21_b ); bl1_zcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, a12p, inc_ap, v21, inc_v ); bl1_zmult4( buff_m1, &alpha12, v21_t, v21_t ); bl1_zinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, v21, inc_v ); bl1_zconjv( n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, a12t_l ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_TRANSPOSE, v21_b, a12t_r ); *a12t_l = alpha12; bl1_zcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, n_ahead - 1, v21_b, inc_v, a12t_r, cs_A ); } // FLA_Copy( u21p, u21 ); bl1_zcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, u21p, inc_up, u21, inc_u ); if ( n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Dotc( FLA_CONJUGATE, y21, v21, beta ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, beta ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, beta ); bl1_zdot( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, y21, inc_y, v21, inc_v, &beta ); bl1_zscals( &minus_inv_tau11, &beta ); // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, alpha12, minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Scal( FLA_MINUS_ONE, minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_zcopyconj( &alpha12, &minus_conj_alpha12 ); bl1_zneg1( &minus_conj_alpha12 ); // FLA_Copy( w21, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, z21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_CONJUGATE, psi11_minus_alpha12, z21 ); // FLA_Axpy( beta, u21, z21 ); bl1_zcopyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, w21, inc_w, z21, inc_z ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &minus_conj_alpha12, A22_l, rs_A, z21, inc_z ); bl1_zinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &psi11_minus_alpha12, z21, inc_z ); bl1_zaxpyv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, &beta, u21, inc_u, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, tau11, y21 ); // FLA_Inv_scalc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, sigma11, z21 ); bl1_zinvscalv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_ahead, tau11, y21, inc_y ); bl1_zinvscalv( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, sigma11, z21, inc_z ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A02, v21, FLA_ZERO, s01 ); bl1_zgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_NO_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_behind, n_ahead, buff_1, A02, rs_A, cs_A, v21, inc_v, buff_0, s01, rs_S ); } // FLA_Copyt( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, a10t, t01 ); // FLA_Gemv( FLA_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, FLA_ONE, A20, u21, FLA_ONE, t01 ); bl1_zcopyv( BLIS1_CONJUGATE, n_behind, a10t, cs_A, t01, rs_T ); bl1_zgemv( BLIS1_CONJ_TRANSPOSE, BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_behind, buff_1, A20, rs_A, cs_A, u21, inc_u, buff_1, t01, rs_T ); if ( m_behind + 1 == b_alg && n_ahead > 0 ) { // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, u21, y21, A22 ); // FLA_Gerc( FLA_NO_CONJUGATE, FLA_CONJUGATE, FLA_MINUS_ONE, z21, v21, A22 ); bl1_zger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, u21, inc_u, y21, inc_y, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); bl1_zger( BLIS1_NO_CONJUGATE, BLIS1_CONJUGATE, m_ahead, n_ahead, buff_m1, z21, inc_z, v21, inc_v, A22, rs_A, cs_A ); } /*------------------------------------------------------------*/ } // FLA_Obj_free( &w ); // FLA_Obj_free( &ap ); // FLA_Obj_free( &u ); // FLA_Obj_free( &up ); // FLA_Obj_free( &v ); // FLA_Obj_free( &y ); // FLA_Obj_free( &z ); FLA_free( buff_w ); FLA_free( buff_ap ); FLA_free( buff_u ); FLA_free( buff_up ); FLA_free( buff_v ); FLA_free( buff_y ); FLA_free( buff_z ); return FLA_SUCCESS; } | Low | [
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Months after a creep shot of Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 's backside as she walked down a hallway went viral for being, well, a creep shot ( accompanied by some classist criticism of her clothing), conservatives have learned exactly nothing. A picture of the New York freshman congresswoman having dinner with her chief of staff Saikat Chakrabarti made rounds Tuesday evening, after an eagle-eyed paparazzo spotted a hamburger on the table. Why zero in on a hamburger? Well, because of Ocasio-Cortez' Green New Deal proposal. While explaining the resolution she introduced earlier this month and how President Donald Trump incorrectly said she wanted to get rid of cows, Ocasio-Cortez told the Desus & Mero show: “It’s not to say you get rid of agriculture. It’s not to say we’re gonna force everybody to go vegan or anything crazy like that. But it’s to say, ‘Listen, we gotta address factory farming. Maybe we shouldn’t be eating a hamburger for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.” Video: Ocasio-Cortez Fires Back After Ivanka Trump Slams Green New Deal Eating less meat has often been suggested as a simple, daily thing people can do if they want to help the environment. But during dinner Chakrabarti apparently made the mistake of ordering what seems like a beef burger — we can't tell whether or not it was a veggie one — and conservatives could not let the hypocrisy stand! (Never mind that the president is well-known for his flip-flopping and hypocritical tweets.) Chakrabarti later jokingly tweeted that of course his hamburger was part of a vast left-wing conspiracy, duh. Hi AOC, why is your Chief of Staff eating a hamburger? smh pic.twitter.com/sJanAC1Oz2 — Caleb Hull (@CalebJHull) February 27, 2019 Ocasio-Cortez, who last week learned she was one of the targets of a foiled domestic terror attack, was understandably rattled by the consistent microscope on her every move. "Tonight a dude was creepily (and obviously) taking a picture of me while pretending he wasn’t," she tweeted Tuesday night, "and I had to break his imaginary fourth wall and say 'Hi! I’m a person! This is weird!'" Story continues She later criticized One News America conservative host Jack Posobiec for spreading the photo, who claimed he was just "mocking" the guy who posted the original photo. (Posobiec is still tweeting about the exchange 12+ hours later, by the way.) By reposting his creepshot. Got it. Being creepy to own the creepers 👍🏽 — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@AOC) February 27, 2019 Ocasio-Cortez has become the El Cuco of conservatives, up there with fellow boogeywomen Hillary Clinton, who in their minds is still running in the 2016 presidential election, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, the undeniable star of most Republican attack ads. The obsession over the congresswoman's every move has reached a fever pitch in recent months: Conspiracy theories over everything from her socioeconomic status (her clothes, childhood home, and even her public high school don't seem to be "poor" enough) to whom she employs in her congressional office abound. And while some conservatives have offered criticism of her ideology and policy ideas, many more have chosen to focus on things like her dancing, her failure to smile, and how she's allegedly "not successful in real life." There's only one thing left to say: Like what you see? How about some more R29 goodness, right here? Who Is Matthew Calamari, The Man Michael Cohen Claims Has Secrets On Trump? House Passes First Major Gun Bill In Over 20 Years Pramila Jayapal Just Introduced The Most Ambitious Medicare-For-All Plan Yet | Low | [
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Article Preview BRITISH DEATHS TOTAL 658,665; Nation's War Casualties, Killed, Wounded, and Missing, on All Fronts, 3,049,991. HEAVIEST TOLL IN FRANCE In 219,719,652 Casualties on French Soll 32,769 Officers and 526,843 Men Were Killed. Casualties in France 2,719,652. Dardanelles and Saloniki Losses. LONDON, Nov. 19.--The total of British losses in killed on all fronts during the war was 658,665, James Ian Macpherson, Parliamentary Secretary for the War Office, announced in the House of Commons today. Of these 37,836 were officers and 620,829 were men. November 20, 1918 View the full article in TimesMachine. Subscribers* enjoy full access to TimesMachine—view 129 years of New York Times journalism, as it originally appeared. | Mid | [
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Empress Gifty Empress Gifty (used to be called Empress Gifty Osei) is an award-winning Ghanaian gospel musician and fashionista. She was awarded the artiste of the year in the 2018 National Gospel Music Awards. In 2019 she led the nomination list in the Maranatha Global Worship Music Awards held in Kenya. She is a vibrant Gospel singer in Ghana.Currently she is married to Hopeson Adorye a politician Personal life She is married to Ghanaian politician, Hopeson Adorye. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Ghanaian female musicians Category:21st-century Ghanaian musicians | Mid | [
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Report: 'Foreign' reconnaissance drone crashes in Iran Saturday's report says the drone crashed on the outskirts of the town of Shush near the border with Iraq the day before, but did not provide further details. It did not say which country the unmanned aircraft belonged to or whether it was shot down. Iran has claimed to have captured several U.S. drones in recent years, including an advanced RQ-170 Sentinel CIA spy drone in December 2011 and at least three Boeing-designed ScanEagle aircraft. Iran said last year it successfully tested its copy of the RQ-170 drone based on one it captured. Tehran says it is also copying the ScanEagle. | Low | [
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Q: Display all product in magento homepage I have the category structure like this.. -Default Category (0) --Ravi varma (2) ---Nature (2) ---Religious (0) --Da Vinci (2) --Michelangelo (1) --Picasso(1) Default category is the root category and all others are subcategory. Subcategory Ravi varma have again two subcategories. Now I want to display all the product in home page. For this I use the short code: {{block type="catalog/product_list" name="home.catalog.product.list" alias="products_homepage" template="catalog/product/list.phtml"}} But in home page nothing is displayed except the given message. There are no products matching the selection. For testing I add a product to the default category, then that product only displayed in home page. From this I realize that the products belonging to root category only display on home page using this short code. But I can't set all the category as root. So I want to display all the product from all category in home page. How can I do this?? I am using Magento ver. 1.8.1.0. A: Add all product to the Default category. Since all category are under the Default category all products should belongs to the Default category. Then your category structure is like: -Default Category (8) --Ravi varma (2) ---Nature (2) ---Religious (0) --Da Vinci (2) --Michelangelo (1) --Picasso(1) | Low | [
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Many organizations are moving toward cloud-based services and infrastructure as to provide on-demand services. Many enterprises now use cloud-based computing platforms that allow services and data to be accessed over the Internet (or via other networks). Infrastructure providers of these cloud-based computing platforms offer network-based processing systems that often support multiple enterprises (or tenants) using common computer hardware and data storage. This “cloud” computing model allows applications to be provided over the network “as a service” supplied by the infrastructure provider. The infrastructure provider typically abstracts the underlying hardware and other resources used to deliver an enterprise-developed application so that the enterprise no longer needs to operate and support dedicated server hardware. The cloud computing model can often deliver substantial cost savings to the enterprise over the life of the application because the enterprise no longer needs to provide dedicated network infrastructure, electrical and temperature controls, physical security and other logistics in support of dedicated server hardware. A data center is a facility that centralizes an organization's IT operations and equipment, and where it stores, manages, and disseminates its data. A data center includes equipment, such as servers for IT operations and storage hardware for storage of an organization's data. Detecting failures of equipment that is used in such data centers is important to help ensure reliability. Cloud applications increasingly depend on large volumes of data, which requires multiple tiers of storage. Multiple tiers of storage can differ in terms of their cost, capacity, latency, reliability, and power consumption characteristics. These tiers can include memory, flash memory, single disk storage, redundant array of independent disks (RAID) based storage, network-attached storage (NAS) devices, and storage area networks (SAN). RAID storage is a data storage technology that provides a way of storing the same data redundantly in different places on multiple storage devices. These storage devices are typically hard disk drive storage devices or in some cases solid-state storage devices (SSDs). RAID storage can provide fault tolerance by combining multiple storage devices into a single logical unit, or array, so that data can be mirrored at each of the storage devices in the same array. This way, if one storage device fails the data is still preserved. RAID storage can also help improve overall performance, and increase storage capacity in a system. In a typical data center, RAID-based storage systems are indispensable due to their lower cost and higher volume. | Mid | [
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Re: Pull Request 452 Hi Brian, Yes, that's correct. When an issue requires changes for both Fineract and Community App , we raise the same ticket for both. Thanks Santosh On Wed, Jul 25, 2018 at 5:41 AM, Brian C Cooke <tonic889@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > When you say "Please share the Fineract ticket" does that mean there > should be a JIRA ticket for the Fineract-side changes in addition to the > Jira issue in the community app? If there is not one, should I open it > myself? > > Sorry, I am new to this process. > > Thanks, > Brian > > >> Hi Brian, >> >> Please share the Fineract ticket for the https://github.com/apache/ >> fineract/pull/452 pull request which is sent to resolve following >> Community app ticket. >> >> https://github.com/openMF/community-app/issues/1863 >> >> Thanks >> Santosh >> >> > On Sun, Jul 22, 2018 at 8:24 PM, Brian C Cooke <tonic889@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > >> Hi, I submitted a pull request some time ago and no action has been taken >> upon it to date. What should I do to get this request approve and have it >> pushed into the codebase? I'm a bit of a newbie so any input would be >> appreciated. Thanks! >> >> https://github.com/apache/fineract/pull/452 >> >> Thanks, >> Brian >> > > -- Thanks & Regards Santosh Math *QA Engineer* *Conflux Technologies Pvt Ltd <http://www.confluxtechnologies.com/>* | *Office*: +91-080-41208662 | *Address*: #304, 2nd Floor, 7th Main Road, HRBR Layout 1st Block, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043 INDIA | Mid | [
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Protesters leave U.S. embassy in Baghdad after more attacks In Baghdad, security guards at the U.S. embassy fired on protesters who have the backing of Iran. But eventually, the protesters left. Ian Lee has the latest. | Low | [
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; RUN: opt -basicaa -newgvn -S < %s | FileCheck %s ; ModuleID = 'test3.ll' target datalayout = "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128" define i32 @main(i32 *%foo) { entry: ; CHECK: load i32, i32* %foo, align 4 %0 = load i32, i32* %foo, align 4 store i32 5, i32* undef, align 4 ; CHECK-NOT: load i32, i32* %foo, align 4 %1 = load i32, i32* %foo, align 4 ; CHECK: add i32 %0, %0 %2 = add i32 %0, %1 ret i32 %2 } | Mid | [
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The election of François Hollande as the president of France in 2012 coincided with the high-water mark of Ed Miliband’s leadership of the Labour Party. That year, Labour posted its best local election results in 17 years, gaining 823 councillors and winning control of 32 councils in a performance that has not yet been surpassed or equalled. Gazing across the Channel, the Milibandites were given hope. Hollande showed that a wonkish career politician could triumph over a charismatic centre-right incumbent. The UK’s shattered Blairites looked to a different star rising in French politics: Manuel Valls. At the time of Hollande’s victory, Valls was the mayor of Évry, a small suburb of Paris, where he made a name for himself by campaigning against halal supermarkets. His father, Xavier, was a Spanish painter and his mother, Luisangela, was Swiss-Italian. They met and married in Paris, and Valls was born in Barcelona while the couple were on holiday. In 2009 Valls urged the Parti Socialiste (PS) to drop the adjective “socialist” from its name, and he ran for the presidential nomination two years later on what he described as a Blairiste platform. This included scrapping the 35-hour working week, which hardly applies outside of big business and the public sector but carries symbolic weight for the French left. Valls’s programme found few supporters and he came fifth in a field of six, with just 6 per cent of the vote. Yet this was enough to earn him the post of interior minister under Hollande. While Valls’s boss quickly fell from favour – within six months Hollande’s approval ratings had dropped to 36 per cent, thanks to a budget that combined tax rises with deep spending cuts – his own popularity soared. He may have run as an heir to Blair but his popularity in France benefited from a series of remarks that were closer in tone to Ukip’s Nigel Farage. When he said that most Romany gypsies should be sent “back to the borders”, he was condemned by both his activists and Amnesty International. Yet it also boosted his approval ratings. One of the facets of French politics that reliably confuse outsiders is how anti-Islamic sentiment is common across the left-right divide. Direct comparisons with the ideological terrain of Westminster politics are often unhelpful. For instance, Valls supported the attempt to ban the burkini, saying in August, “Marianne [the French symbol] has a naked breast because she is feeding the people! She is not veiled, because she is free! That is the republic!” By the spring of 2014, he was still frequently topping the charts – at least in terms of personal appeal. A survey for French Elle found that 20 per cent of women would like to have “a torrid affair” with the lantern-jawed minister, something that pleased his second wife, Anne Gravoin, who pronounced herself “delighted” with the poll. (She married Valls in 2010. He also has four children by his first wife, Nathalie Soulié.) Yet it was a chilly time for the French left, which was sharply repudiated in municipal elections, losing 155 towns. Hollande sacked his incumbent prime minister, Jean-Marc Ayrault, and appointed Valls in his place. He hoped, perhaps, that some of Valls’s popularity would rub off on to him. And perhaps Valls, a student of “Third Way” politics, hoped that he could emulate the success of Bill Clinton, who turned sharply to the right following Democratic losses in the US 1994 midterm elections and won a great victory in 1996. Under Valls’s premiership, Hollande’s administration swung right, implementing tough policies on law and order and pursuing supply-side reforms in an attempt to revive the French economy. Neither the economic recovery, nor the great victory, emerged. With the date of the next presidential election set for 2017, Hollande was in trouble. His approval ratings were terrible and he faced a challenge from his former minister Arnaud Montebourg, who resigned from the government over its rightward turn in 2014. Then, on 27 November, Prime Minister Valls suggested in an interview that he would challenge the incumbent president in the PS primary. After this, Hollande knew that his chances of victory were almost non-existent. On 1 December, Hollande became the first incumbent French president ever to announce that he would not run for a second term, leaving Valls free to announce his bid. He duly stood down as prime minister on 5 December. Under the French system, unless a single candidate can secure more than half of the vote in the first round of the presidential election, the top two candidates face a run-off. The current polls rate Marine Le Pen of the Front National as the favourite to win the first round, but she is expected to lose the second. Few expect a PS candidate to make the run-off. So Hollande’s decision to drop out of his party’s primary turns that contest into an internal struggle for dominance rather than a choice of potential leader for France. The deeper question is: who will rebuild the party from the wreckage? So although Valls has the highest international profile of the left’s candidates, no one should rule out a repeat of his crushing defeat in 2011. He once hoped to strike a Blairite bargain with the left: victory in exchange for heresy. Because of the wasting effect of his years in Hollande’s government, however, he now offers only heresy. It would not be a surprise if the Socialists preferred the purity of Arnaud Montebourg. | Low | [
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Jurgen Klinsmann's Team USA Will Reveal Their True Identity in 2013 Team USA have a long way to go. They have undoubted character, a charismatic and committed coach and some capable players at their disposal, but this is not a team looking good for the knockout stages at World Cup 2014. Not yet. JurgenKlinsmann's USMNT are a work in progress. They were shown up defensively by lowly Guatemala in last night's match in Kansas, and they have conceded six goals in as many games against relatively weak teams in recent World Cup qualifiers. The same dogged resistance they showed in beating Euro 2012 finalists Italy, back in February, and again against Mexico, in August, has been lacking against far weaker opponents in CONCACAF qualifying. U.S. fans talked up that heady night in Genoa as a new dawn. Critics will tell you it's been a false one, with evidence in the form of the 4-1 footballing lesson they took from Brazil, away draws with Canada and Guatemala and a defeat to Jamaica in Kingston. Those performances didn't point to progress. But they haven't cost the U.S. either, with Klinsmann's team safely through to the CONCACAF's Hexagonal round and still very much expected to qualify for World Cup 2014 in Brazil. Ultimately, that's all that matters. Klinsmann will have next year's friendlies and the Gold Cup to impart the new identity he talked about upon taking the job, and all that comes after World Cup qualification will allow time to experiment and take risks. Being an international coach is like being a president. You come into the job with bold visions and far-reaching ideas, but they sometimes get lost in the business of getting it done. For getting re-elected, see qualifying for the World Cup. We are, step-by-step, breaking in new players into that team and I think you see players that grow into that team like a Graham Zusi. At the same time, we have to take care of qualifying and see some new players come in and make a stamp on the game and developing through it. Klinsmann knows he has work to do. His U.S. team need to come upon a ruthlessness in front of goal and work better as a unit to close down space and tighten up defensively. There were times against Guatemala that the U.S. players lost possession and were far too spread out. Such generosity in Brazil, where the U.S. are likely to face at least one top-tier nation in the group stages, will be punished severely. Another worrying factor is Klinsmann's heavy reliance on Clint Dempsey and Michael Bradley—his two best players and the defining factors of the 3-1 victory against Guatemala at Livestrong Park. Jamie Squire/Getty Images Should either get injured, it's hard to see how Klinsmann could come close to replacing them. Everything in midfield seems to come through Bradley, while Dempsey is perhaps Klinsmann's only world-class player (good enough to make it into most other starting lineups) and definitely his biggest attacking threat. For the sake of U.S. World Cup ambitions—and also to alleviate the pressure on the pair—it's essential Klinsmann identifies a way to thrive without one or both or them before it's too late. Both are in heavy rotation in Europe, and there will come a time, sooner or later, when Klinsmann will go into a big game and need to trust other players to deliver. Jamie Squire/Getty Images The U.S. lineup that took on Guatemala in Kansas Perhaps the Gold Cup will provide a chance for viable understudies to step up. That would help take the weight of Dempsey and Bradley, and also give Klinsmann a Plan B for when he needs it. Klinsmann clearly has a big task ahead. It's too early to judge him now, but by this time next year—with World Cup qualifying complete and the 2013 Gold Cup campaign to look back upon—we should have a very good idea of whether the German can deliver an improvement on the Bob Bradley era. For now, I'll leave it to Dempsey—American soccer's great hope—to classify out his nation's current condition. | Low | [
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Posts tagged blackberryplaybook If you were hoping your BlackBerry PlayBook would get a taste of BlackBerry 10, think twice. Despite earlier plans, Thorsten Heins just revealed that the newer OS isn't coming to his company's tablet due to "performance and user experience" concerns. The executive didn't discuss the long-term futu... Holding out for a post-RIM version of the PlayBook? That waiting likely won't end any time soon. BlackBerry CEO Thorsten Heins used an interview yesterday to discuss the mobile environment five years out. Seems he's feeling particularly bullish about his own company's prospects. "In five years, I... The company formerly known as RIM is currently rolling out two devices running the new BlackBerry 10 OS, and apparently that's not all it's got in store for 2013. Know Your Mobile India reportedly heard from the Head of Developer Relations for Asia Pacific at BlackBerry, during the recent Z10 laun... You might say the week is never really done in consumer technology news. Your workweek, however, hopefully draws to a close at some point. This is the Weekly Roundup on Engadget, a quick peek back at the top headlines for the past 7 days -- all handpicked by the editors here at the site. Click on... While RIM has already taken to directly rewarding developers who write for BlackBerry 10 in order to stock up its app catalog, it's about to offer a slightly stronger incentive for the gaming crowd. An upcoming Got Game Port-a-Thon starting November 16th will give producers $100 for every game suc... If you want to get your hands on RIM's BlackBerry PlayBook, you might be running out of time. It seems that the QNX-based device is no longer available in the US from retailers like Wal-Mart, Best Buy, RadioShack and Staples, with Amazon and RIM's own online store being the exceptions. We're wonde... RIM's attention around its QNX-based platforms might revolve around BlackBerry 10 as of late, but don't think that it's leaving BlackBerry PlayBook users behind. A PlayBook 2.1 update is rolling out today that fills in some of the gaps left by 2.0 earlier this year. Habitual messagers can now star... RIM just can't quit keyboards, and neither can many of its fans: even the BlackBerry PlayBook has an official Mini Keyboard case. It almost shouldn't be a surprise, then, that the company is applying for a patent on a tablet design with a stealthy keyboard built-in. The layout hides a full, hinge-... Thorsten Heins is assembling his crack team for BlackBerry 10, hiring and firing to assemble the lineup of business heavyweights he needs. RIM's UK and Ireland chief Stephen Bates is the latest to move, being promoted into the newly-minted role of European Managing Director, while former product m... The PlayBook may not have taken off in the consumer market, but its enterprise-friendly features may help it find a home elsewhere -- especially now that it's packing a speedy 4G radio. Fresh on the heels of the LTE edition hitting Canadian shores, Intergraph has unveiled its Mobile Responder app... RIM's attempts to get a cellular-equipped version of the BlackBerry PlayBook have been troubled, to say the least. The company signalled its intentions around Mobile World Congress last February, only to watch as carriers backed off -- partly as RIM focused its attention on LTE, and partly after c... The last we heard, all notions of a 10-inch PlayBook had been shelved, with rumors suggesting that RIM wanted to concentrate on its BB10 plans and next-gen smartphones instead. However, we've just received these images from Tinthe, showing off something that looks very much like the bigger BlackBe... | Low | [
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Behavioral impact, acceptability, and HIV incidence among homosexual men with access to postexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV. Little is known about the behavioral impact, acceptability, and incidence of HIV infection in persons with easy access to post-sexual exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV. Participants were recruited from a well-characterized, high-risk HIV seronegative homosexual male cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, given a 4-day supply of zidovudine and lamivudine, and instructed to begin PEP immediately after an eligible exposure. For eligible exposures, an additional 24-day supply was provided. Reported behavior, PEP utilization, adverse events, and incident HIV infection were the main study outcomes. The observed and expected incidences of HIV infection were compared. Two hundred subjects were enrolled and followed for a median of 24.2 months. The median age was 28 years. PEP was initiated 109 times by 68 participants (34.0%). In comparison to reported behavior at baseline, reported high-risk sexual activities on average declined over time for both PEP and non-PEP users. There were no serious drug-related adverse events. There were 11 HIV seroconversions, 10 among non-PEP users and 1 that was a PEP failure. The overall seroincidence was 2.9 per 100 person-years (95% CI = 1.4, 5.1). The expected number of new HIV infections and corresponding expected seroincidence based on the risk profile were 11.8 and 3.1, respectively (P > 0.97). The most commonly reported reasons for not initiating PEP among seroconverters were sex with a steady partner and not considering the exposure to be of sufficiently high risk to warrant PEP. PEP was safe and did not appear to be associated with increases in reported high-risk behavior in our cohort. Ready access to PEP did not appear to substantially affect HIV transmission, suggesting a limited public health impact of this intervention. | High | [
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[Thrombendarterectomy of the femoro--popliteal region for chronic occlusion (author's transl)]. 218 patients who underwent subintimal dissection were followed up over a period of 21/2 years. The results (72,6% patients at the end of 21/2 years) come up to those of the saphenous vein bypass. the rate of secondary amputations (7.21%) is low, the primary mortality rate comes up to 2.75%. In our opinion thrombendarterectomy has satisfactory late results. In the author's opinion chronic arterial occlusion of the femoro-popliteal region should surgically be treated first of all by thrombendarterectomy. This enables the surgeon to perform an autogenous venous bypass procedure in case of relapse. | High | [
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Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding uridine kinase from mouse brain. Uridine kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway of all mammalian cells. A cDNA for uridine kinase from mouse brain has been isolated, sequenced, and characterized. This is the first report of a complete nucleotide sequence for mammalian uridine kinase. The isolated cDNA is only 95% complete, missing the first 17 codons. The correct 5'-terminus sequence was obtained from high-stringency screening of a mouse liver genomic DNA library. The translated cDNA sequence encodes a protein of 277 amino acids (Mr 31,068). A truncated form of the cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed protein displayed uridine kinase activity and readily formed a tetramer, the most active form of the wild-type enzyme. Analysis of the amino acid sequence identified the three ATP-binding site consensus motifs. The predicted secondary structure for uridine kinase and the sequence comparison with three kinases having known crystal structures are consistent with uridine kinase having an alpha/beta core structure of the nucleotide-binding fold found in many kinases. We have also isolated and cloned a nonfunctional, processed pseudogene from mouse genomic DNA. This pseudogene sequence is 94% identical with the coding DNA. | High | [
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Q: working with system tray i create a setup file for my window based project. it is working fine. my requirement is when i minimize the window it should come in system tray not in task bar. help me thank u A: To get started, open an existing C# Windows form (or create a new one). Open the Visual Studio Toolbox. Drag a NotifyIcon control onto the form. The control will named notifyIcon1 by default and placed below the form because it has no visual representation on the form itself. Set the NotifyIcon control's Text property to the name you want to appear when the user pauses the mouse over the application's icon. For example, this value could be "KillerApp 1.0". Set the control's Icon property to the icon that you want to appear in the System Tray. Tip: If you have a BMP file that you want to convert to an icon file, I highly recommend the QTam Bitmap to Icon 3.5 application. Add an event handler for the form's Resize event that will hide the application when it's minimized. That way, it won't appear on the task bar. private void Form1_Resize(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (FormWindowState.Minimized == WindowState) Hide(); } Add an event handler for the NotifyIcon.DoubleClick event and code it as follows so that the application will be restored when the icon is double-clicked. private void notifyIcon1_DoubleClick(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { Show(); WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal; } | High | [
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Curtain Cleaning Gepps Cross Get Finest Curtain Cleaning at Lowest Prices in Gepps Cross Welcome to Marks Curtain Cleaning – a local cleaning company of Gepps Cross providing specialized, trustworthy, and affordable curtains/blinds cleaning services. Using latest cleaning tools, eco-friendly cleaning solutions, and our 20 years of expertise, we clean the widest range of domestic and commercial curtains and blinds. Curtain Cleaning Gepps Cross Curtains add beauty to your rooms, they save you from direct sunlight, and they also act as a barrier for dust & contaminants. So it is essential to keep them clean and safe. For this you need to get your curtains and blinds cleaned once every season. Curtains Cleaning Method Marks Curtain Cleaning provides Onsite curtain cleaning Offsite curtain cleaning Here is the process for curtain cleaning that does not need removing of the curtains: First step involves curtain inspection. Second step involves curtain stain removal. We do it using bio-friendly cleaning solutions. Third step involves either curtain steam cleaning or curtain dry cleaning. Our cleaners will use their expertise to decide which method would be most suitable for your curtains. Sixth step is to inspect the cleaned curtains for complete satisfaction. Onsite Curtain Cleaning Gepps Cross When you opt for offsite cleaning, our curtain cleaners come to take off your curtains. They bring the curtains to our place for cleaning. Here we clean your curtains using highly effective, bio-degradable cleaning solutions. Once cleaned our cleaners bring back your curtains and re-hang them. You can be assured that we will take care of swags and tails too while re-hanging the curtains. Also, We mutually agree on a price for the service. Our cleaners make sure to solve your curtain cleaning queries. We make it a point to explain our curtain cleaning process to our customer. We promise zero shrinkage and to assure that we take proper measurements. We will note down any fabric damage or tough stains. Hemlines are given special attention in the process. Moreover, the linings and corners of your curtains will be immaculately pressed. Blinds Cleaning Method We believe in using the best kind of cleaning treatment for your beautiful blinds. Therefore, we use ultrasonic blind cleaning technique. Even the tough-to-clean blinds are easily cleaned using this technology. We free your blinds from odours, nicotine, grease, and all sorts of stains. It is a safe method resulting in cleaner and hygienic blinds. Our service includes cleaning of the blind fixtures and blind framework. It is crucial to clean the surrounding area of the blind for complete cleaning. Curtain/Blind Cleaning Services Are you worried about your decorative curtains being spoiled during curtain cleaning service? We at Marks Curtain Cleaning Gepps Cross assure you of complete safety of your precious curtains and blinds. No matter what kind of blind or curtain you have at home/office, we can clean them all. We do cleaning for the following types and many more: Blinds Cleaning Gepps Cross Vertical blinds Holland blinds Roller blinds Roman blinds Venetian blinds Double box pleat curtains Pencil pleat curtains Tab top curtains Sheer curtains Box pleated curtains Goblet pleat curtains Linen & acrylic curtains Decorative lace curtains Cased heading curtains Eyelet curtains Garment and quilting fabric curtains In short we do all types of curtain cleaning and all types of blind cleaning, anywhere in Gepps Cross! Drapery Cleaning Gepps Cross Looking for drapery cleaning Canberra? We can do it for you. Marks cleaners are trained in cleaning every kind of window covering including curtains, blinds, and draperies. Our cleaners use the best techniques for cleaning draperies to the perfection without leaving any stain or trace of dirt behind. With the best ways and cleaning solutions be to bring the best results that stand your expectations completely. Call us now and get extra discount running on our curtain and drapery cleaning services. What to Expect from Our Curtain Cleaning When you hire Marks Curtain Cleaning for curtain cleaning, you will get: Hygienic & cleaner curtains/blinds Improved quality of indoor air Less soil and dust Complete stain removal Better health for all inmates More life for curtains/blinds Gepps Cross’s Best Choice for Curtain Cleaning Same Day Curtain Cleaning Gepps Cross Marks Curtain Cleaning is a renowned name in the cleaning industry. For the past 20 years, we have been delivering quality curtain cleaning at the most affordable price in all areas of Gepps Cross. We are known for our outstanding customer service and our love for green cleaning methods. Apart from that, We promise guaranteed results. We hire only qualified, certified, and licensed curtain cleaners. You can get same day curtain cleaning. Marks Curtain Cleaning offers emergency curtain cleaning. We are available 24×7 to attend your curtain cleaning requirements. We cover all areas in Gepps Cross. No shrinkage, no wrinkles, and no color fading. You get 100% customer satisfaction. We do chemical-free curtain cleaning. We are here to give all types of curtains and blinds a healthy makeover. We target the deeply embedded contaminants to make your indoor air clean and healthy. So if you want to live healthy and add more life to your curtains/blinds then let Marks Curtain Cleaning clean them. Call us to ask for a free quote! ”Remarkable Job” “Marks Curtain Cleaning services made me amazed with their services. After my husband's birthday party, there was a red wine stain on my favourite curtain. I was looking for a curtain steam cleaning service provider in Adelaide. Then all of a sudden I heard about Marks Curtain Cleaning from my friend and decided to try it out. The team who arrived at my place was excellent. They cleaned my curtains and removed all stains. My curtains look new. I am so happy with their services. I would love to recommend their services to everyone. Thank you so much team for your great service.” - Thomus Top-notch Result “This is to express my gratitude towards Mark's Curtain Cleaning for delivering highly affordable yet quality blinds cleaning services for my office. The team of professionals is very dedicated and used best cleaning solution. I received a top-notch result and even the stains are gone. The blinds look beautiful and fresh now. Thank you so much. I would definitely recommend your services to all my friends and family.” Contact Us Name (required) Email (required) Phone No. (required) Location (required) Postal Code (required) Subject Your Message Marks Curtain Cleaning Get amazing deals for Christmas Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Looking for the best Christmas deal? Then you are in the right place. We are proving special discounts to make your home and belongings cleaned for this festive season. Do not think twice and grab the best discount. Making Curtains Beautiful & Cleaner with Exceptional Curtain Cleaning Marks Curtain Cleaning has made a name for its self in Gladesville by delivering guaranteed, on-time, and affordable curtains and blinds cleaning service. We are a leading cleaning company providing various kinds of cleaning services to residential and commercial customers. Curtain cleaning is one of our […] Reputed Company for Curtain and Blind Repairs in Regent Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Regent is a highly reputable company that specializes in cleaning and repairing blinds and curtains. We have an objective of satisfying customers’ needs, and we put all efforts for that. Our highly trained, certified technicians comprehensively understand the value of “quality of service”, […] Making Curtains Beautiful & Cleaner with Exceptional Curtain Cleaning Marks Curtain Cleaning has made a name for its self in Cedar Brush Creek by delivering guaranteed, on-time, and affordable curtains and blinds cleaning service. We are a leading cleaning company providing various kinds of cleaning services to residential and commercial customers. Curtain cleaning is one […] Making Curtains Beautiful & Cleaner with Exceptional Curtain Cleaning Marks Curtain Cleaning has made a name for its self in Tuggerah by delivering guaranteed, on-time, and affordable curtains and blinds cleaning service. We are a leading cleaning company providing various kinds of cleaning services to residential and commercial customers. Curtain cleaning is one of our […] Reputed Company for Curtain and Blind Repairs in Keilor North Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Keilor North is a highly reputable company that specializes in cleaning and repairing blinds and curtains. We have an objective of satisfying customers’ needs, and we put all efforts for that. Our highly trained, certified technicians comprehensively understand the value of “quality […] Making Curtains Beautiful & Cleaner with Exceptional Curtain Cleaning Marks Curtain Cleaning has made a name for its self in Beacon Hill by delivering guaranteed, on-time, and affordable curtains and blinds cleaning service. We are a leading cleaning company providing various kinds of cleaning services to residential and commercial customers. Curtain cleaning is one of […] Reputed Company for Curtain and Blind Repairs in Dry Diggings Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Dry Diggings is a highly reputable company that specializes in cleaning and repairing blinds and curtains. We have an objective of satisfying customers’ needs, and we put all efforts for that. Our highly trained, certified technicians comprehensively understand the value of “quality […] Get Finest Curtain Cleaning at Lowest Prices in Stockyard Creek Welcome to Marks Curtain Cleaning – a local cleaning company of Stockyard Creek providing specialized, trustworthy, and affordable curtains/blinds cleaning services. Using latest cleaning tools, eco-friendly cleaning solutions, and our 20 years of expertise, we clean the widest range of domestic and commercial curtains and […] Reputed Company for Curtain and Blind Repairs in Colbrook Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Colbrook is a highly reputable company that specializes in cleaning and repairing blinds and curtains. We have an objective of satisfying customers’ needs, and we put all efforts for that. Our highly trained, certified technicians comprehensively understand the value of “quality of service”, […] Reputed Company for Curtain and Blind Repairs in Ruthven Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Ruthven is a highly reputable company that specializes in cleaning and repairing blinds and curtains. We have an objective of satisfying customers’ needs, and we put all efforts for that. Our highly trained, certified technicians comprehensively understand the value of “quality of service”, […] Get Finest Curtain Cleaning at Lowest Prices in Somerton Park Welcome to Marks Curtain Cleaning – a local cleaning company of Somerton Park providing specialized, trustworthy, and affordable curtains/blinds cleaning services. Using latest cleaning tools, eco-friendly cleaning solutions, and our 20 years of expertise, we clean the widest range of domestic and commercial curtains and […] Making Curtains Beautiful & Cleaner with Exceptional Curtain Cleaning Marks Curtain Cleaning has made a name for its self in Pearl Beach by delivering guaranteed, on-time, and affordable curtains and blinds cleaning service. We are a leading cleaning company providing various kinds of cleaning services to residential and commercial customers. Curtain cleaning is one of […] Google Custom Search Testimonials Our Choice for Curtain Cleaning Always Mark !!! We love Mark and his curtain cleaning professionals. No obligation quote over the phone. Our neighbor just visited us a day after we got curtain cleaned by Mark’s Curtain Cleaning professionals. She said if we got brand new curtains installed. We relied to her credit goes to Mark’s Curtain and Blinds cleaning company for refreshing the looks of our curtains. Commercial Curtain Cleaning We had an amazing experience with commercial curtain cleaning service from Marks Curtain Cleaning Melbourne. We would surely recommend their services to others. Joel Apo Jacobo Wonderful Onsite Curtain Cleaning Marvelous onsite curtain cleaning service! I didn’t have to take down my curtains and everything was done without removing them. Not just the cleaning but stain removal and sanitizing as well was done without removing the curtains. Happy with the professional and prompt curtain cleaning service by Marks Curtain Cleaning Melbourne. – Dommie Herro Professional Onsite Curtain Cleaning Happy with the professional and prompt curtain cleaning service by Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Melbourne. Amazing result!! I am so surprised to see all stains are removed from my curtain after they cleaned my home curtain. I would like to use their services in future and to recommend everyone for onsite curtain cleaning in Melbourne. They offer same day services as well even on public holidays. I called them on public holiday and they reached at time. Alan Samuel Lovely Curtain Cleaning Services Just a quick note to say that we got lovely curtain cleaning services. These guys are pro in what they do. Would love to use their services again in future. Jack Gardner Absolutely Flawless Blinds Cleaning No matter how hard I tried I have never been able to clean those lovely blinds of mine properly. Finally my husband decided to take professional intervention. We called Marks Curtain Cleaning who offered a reasonable quote. The job was done within a few hours and not just the blinds but even the framework was cleaned in a spick and span manner. The blinds look BEAUTIFUL now. - Mary Bowler Complete Curtain Stain Removal Services I always prefer Marks Curtain Cleaning Melbourne for my curtains. Whether it is simple curtain cleaning or curtain stain removal, this is one of the best companies delivering quality curtain cleaning services in Melbourne. I personally prefer onsite curtain cleaning as I can see what is happening to my curtains. Liam Collins The best curtain cleaners in the town Marks Curtain Cleaners are the best in the town. They arrived on time and steam cleaned our curtains onsite. Very professional & affordable service. Would love to recommend them for all kinds of drapery cleaning services Melbourne’s Number 1 Curtain Cleaning Company We would like recommend Mark’s curtain cleaning company for the excellent curtain cleaning service. Tim Curtain Cleaning Superb Curtain Cleaning Solutions What a superb curtain cleaning and what a professional team! I am talking about Marks Curtain Cleaning. Yes, these guys have enough experience and that is reflected in their modus operandi. I loved their professional approach to my small job. Would recommend their name to anyone looking for a satisfactory curtain cleaning experience. – Chris Fantastic curtain cleaning I had Mark curtain cleaning come and clean all my curtains. It certainly shocked me at how dirty they actually were I just thought a quick vac and freshen up but they guy spent hours and did a sensational job, I am really pleased with result. Thank you for a great service Rita Cummings Frequently Asked Question Do you repair curtains? Yes, we do repair curtains too. Cleaning and maintain your curtains and blinds and keeping… Our Other Services Linen Curtain Cleaning Mark’s Curtain Cleaning Melbourne Services also provide linen curtain cleaning service at your doorstep. We make sure curtain cleaning without any shrinkage or color fade. Marks Curtain Cleaning Public Liability Insurance Our cleaners at Marks Curtain Cleaning are totally qualified in curtain cleaning, drapes cleaning, blinds cleaning, and curtain repair services. We are proud to say that one of our employees has recently got license (License number Aus 125559). Also, Marks Curtain Cleaning Pty Ltd is an insured company with public liability cover of around 15 million dollars. | Mid | [
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Let l = 132 - 94. Let f(d) = 4*d - l - 13*d + 22 + 24. What are the prime factors of f(-4)? 2, 11 Let x(q) = -207*q + 482. What are the prime factors of x(-8)? 2, 1069 List the prime factors of -8*((-11)/(66/(-24)) - 107). 2, 103 Let v(r) = -r**2 + 6*r - 5. Let n be v(5). Suppose 18 = k - n*k. Suppose 99 = 3*p + k. List the prime factors of p. 3 Let g(b) = -2*b**2 + 11*b - 6. Let w be g(3). Suppose 3*m = 3*s - w, -3 = -s + 2*m - 3*m. List the prime factors of s. 3 Let b = 3353 + -2330. What are the prime factors of b? 3, 11, 31 List the prime factors of 7 - (-7 + -2*(-10173)/(-6)). 3, 5, 227 Let f = 77 + -49. Suppose 0 = -2*t + t - f. Let o = -11 - t. What are the prime factors of o? 17 Let c(m) = 4*m - 14. Let r be c(3). Let p(w) = -9*w + 4. List the prime factors of p(r). 2, 11 Let a(d) = -6*d**2. Let o be a(5). Let u = -55 - o. List the prime factors of u. 5, 19 Let a(l) = -l**3 - 6*l**2 - 4*l - 8. Let v be a(-6). Let t = 65 - v. List the prime factors of t. 7 Let j be ((-4)/(-7))/((-2)/14*-2). Suppose -2*l + 4*a + 136 = 0, -68 = -j*l + 3*a + 68. List the prime factors of l. 2, 17 Let b(s) = s - 55. Let w be b(0). Let j = w + 125. List the prime factors of 1/(-3 - j/(-23)). 23 Let d = -12 + 31. Suppose 3*n - 4*g - d - 10 = 0, 0 = -2*n - 4*g - 14. Suppose 3*z - 4*l - 62 = 0, -n*l + 13 = 2*z - 0*l. List the prime factors of z. 2, 7 Let m = -995 + 2142. What are the prime factors of m? 31, 37 Suppose 44 = -5*u + 4*u. Let j = u + 82. What are the prime factors of j? 2, 19 Let u(q) = 2*q**2 - q + 2. Suppose 2 = 4*c + 10. Let a be u(c). Let d = 18 - a. List the prime factors of d. 2, 3 Let d(l) = 19*l. Let t(p) = -24*p. Let u(o) = 6*d(o) + 5*t(o). Let m(c) = -c**2 + 4*c - 1. Let r be m(4). List the prime factors of u(r). 2, 3 Suppose 0 = -16*c - 801 + 9505. List the prime factors of c. 2, 17 Suppose 3*s + 21 = 66. Suppose 13 = -4*a - s. Let k(h) = -2*h + 5. What are the prime factors of k(a)? 19 Suppose -39*m + 111107 = -83542. List the prime factors of m. 7, 23, 31 Let b(y) = -y**3 + 6*y**2 + y - 6. Let d be b(5). Let g = -238 + 242. List the prime factors of (-6)/d - (-153)/g. 2, 19 Let o(d) = -d**3 + 70*d**2 - 110*d + 226. What are the prime factors of o(67)? 6323 Let k = -353 - -599. List the prime factors of k. 2, 3, 41 Let y(w) be the third derivative of w**5/40 - 11*w**4/12 - 2*w**3/3 + 4*w**2. Let k(v) be the first derivative of y(v). List the prime factors of k(10). 2 Suppose 37*t - 39*t = -18. Suppose -t*i + 7*i + 184 = 0. What are the prime factors of i? 2, 23 Let w = -8 + 31. Suppose 5*t = 5*i + 426 + 774, 3*t = -2*i + 710. Suppose w = -5*r + t. What are the prime factors of r? 43 Suppose 66*w + 536 = 67*w. List the prime factors of w. 2, 67 Suppose 3*k + 69 = -3*l, k + 25 - 82 = 3*l. List the prime factors of -2 + -1 - 4300/l. 2, 53 Let z be 12/(-4) - (0 - -5). Let l be (9/6)/((-6)/z). Suppose l*d - x + 0*x - 33 = 0, -4*x = -5*d + 90. List the prime factors of d. 2, 7 Let j = 25 - 31. Let r = j - -70. List the prime factors of r. 2 Let o = -128 + 463. Let t = 498 - o. List the prime factors of t. 163 Let k(f) = 8*f - 3. Let b(t) = -2*t**2 - 4*t - 2. Let w be b(-2). Let z(y) = -3*y + 1. Let p(g) = w*k(g) - 7*z(g). List the prime factors of p(2). 3 Let y = -1600 + 3103. What are the prime factors of y? 3, 167 Suppose -5*i + 20 = -4*q, -i - 4*q + 4 = -0. Suppose 13 = i*z - 31. What are the prime factors of -2 + -2 + (z - 2)? 5 List the prime factors of ((-94)/8)/(4*(-1)/64). 2, 47 Let s = 6869 + -4889. List the prime factors of s. 2, 3, 5, 11 Let m(j) = -j**3 - j**2 - 3*j - 1. Let i = 3 + -6. Let x be m(i). Let z = 51 - x. List the prime factors of z. 5 List the prime factors of 1/(776/620 - 10/8). 2, 5, 31 Suppose -4*p = p - 25. Suppose 4*s - 3*t + 55 - 11 = 0, -s - p*t = -12. Let c(a) = -a**3 - 7*a**2 + 8*a + 4. List the prime factors of c(s). 2 Let g(n) = 5*n**3 + 18*n**2 + 8*n - 7. Let a(o) = 3*o**3 + 9*o**2 + 4*o - 3. Let i(r) = -7*a(r) + 4*g(r). What are the prime factors of i(8)? 89 List the prime factors of 3/((-42)/(-72008)) - (-240)/(-560). 37, 139 Let u(y) = -y**3 - 39*y**2 - 45*y + 15. What are the prime factors of u(-38)? 281 Suppose -k + 4*k + 373 = -5*p, -3*p - 6 = 0. Let m = k + 247. List the prime factors of m. 2, 3, 7 Let q(i) = -146*i - 175. What are the prime factors of q(-17)? 3, 769 Let c(i) = i**2 - 2*i - 5. Let b be c(4). Suppose -n + 2 = -3*n + 4*j, 0 = 3*n - j + b. List the prime factors of ((-2)/(-4))/(n/(-92)). 2, 23 Let a(p) = 3*p**2 + 62*p + 35. Let x(r) = r**2 + 32*r + 17. Let w(z) = -3*a(z) + 7*x(z). What are the prime factors of w(17)? 2, 41 Suppose -31611 - 12009 = -20*i. List the prime factors of i. 3, 727 Let m(u) = 2*u**2 - 4*u + 21. Suppose -11*l + 49 = -6. What are the prime factors of m(l)? 3, 17 List the prime factors of (3 + 5 + -6 + -1)*1757. 7, 251 Let l = 271 - 158. Let a = 202 - l. What are the prime factors of a? 89 Let a(l) = l + 15. Let t be a(-13). Suppose t*x = 71 - 7. What are the prime factors of x? 2 Let x(m) = 11 + 4*m**2 - 4 - 12*m + 2*m**2 - 5*m**2. Let y be x(11). What are the prime factors of (6/y)/(6/(-24))? 2, 3 Let s(o) = -o**2 + 7*o - 7. Let u be s(6). Let d be (-4)/(-1 + u) + 36. Suppose -14*r + 13*r + d = 0. List the prime factors of r. 2, 19 Suppose 0 = 6*p - 7*p + 3. Suppose -p*z - 2 = 4. Let j = z - -15. What are the prime factors of j? 13 Let r(h) = 4*h - 21. Let t be r(9). Let a = 12 - t. What are the prime factors of (a - -3 - -16) + 3? 19 Let s(o) = -o**2 - 8*o - 5. Let p be s(-7). Let h = 8 - p. List the prime factors of h. 2, 3 Let u(q) = -q**3 - 15*q**2 + q + 15. Let d be u(-15). Suppose 3180 = -d*g + 15*g. What are the prime factors of g? 2, 53 What are the prime factors of (-92)/(-69)*1158/2? 2, 193 Let f be 15/(-1 + -4) + 5. Suppose -3*x = -f - 142. List the prime factors of x. 2, 3 Suppose -554*c + 563*c = 342. List the prime factors of c. 2, 19 Let t be 585/35 + (-2)/(-7). Suppose -t*d + 21*d = 20. What are the prime factors of d? 5 Let a be (-21)/6*(-1 + 7). Let b be (-70)/a*18/(-15). List the prime factors of (b/(-14))/((-7)/(-98)). 2 Let x(l) = l**2 + 14*l - 13 - 3*l - 3. Let h be x(-7). Let p = 74 + h. List the prime factors of p. 2, 3, 5 Let w(c) be the third derivative of 1/30*c**5 + 0*c + 0 - 2/3*c**3 - 1/12*c**4 - 5*c**2. List the prime factors of w(4). 2, 5 Let z(u) = 356*u**2 + 2*u - 1. What are the prime factors of z(1)? 3, 7, 17 Let x(c) = -3*c**3 - 15*c**2 + 8*c + 9. List the prime factors of x(-8). 521 Let p = 12249 + -7269. List the prime factors of p. 2, 3, 5, 83 Suppose -2*r + 88 = 2*p + p, -3*r = 2*p - 67. Suppose 4*g - 3*q - 2*q = 0, -4*q = 2*g - p. What are the prime factors of g? 5 Let c be (-2)/15 + (-423)/(-135). What are the prime factors of -1 + c - (-3 - 80)? 5, 17 Suppose 1 - 5 = -4*q. Let d = 1 + q. Suppose 0*x - x = 3*l - 21, 5*l - 44 = -d*x. List the prime factors of x. 3 Suppose -12*m + 4568 = -4*m. What are the prime factors of m? 571 Let v be -1*3 + -12 + 3865. List the prime factors of (-4)/(-18) - v/(-90). 43 Let r = 150 + -38. Suppose -f + 25 = 2*t - 91, 3*f - r = -2*t. Suppose -3*b - 2 = -t. What are the prime factors of b? 19 Let z(i) = i**2 - 3*i + 4. Let r be z(4). Let t = r - 7. What are the prime factors of (0 + -3 + t)/(-1)? 2 Suppose -2*t + 2368 = 6*t. Let d = t - 168. What are the prime factors of d? 2 Suppose 2*q + 115 = c, 4*q + 347 = 3*c - 0*c. Suppose 2*b - c = -21. What are the prime factors of b? 2, 3 Let f(r) = r**3 - 15*r**2 + r + 15. Suppose 0 = a + 2*a + 2*j - 47, 3*a + 4*j - 49 = 0. List the prime factors of f(a). 2, 3, 5 Suppose 4*t + 10 - 30 = 0. Suppose 0*q + 965 = t*d + q, -q = 0. What are the prime factors of d? 193 Let g(a) be the first derivative of -2*a - 4/3*a**3 + 7 - 1/4*a**4 - 3*a**2. List the prime factors of g(-4). 2, 11 Suppose -73*z - 4953 = -86*z. What are the prime factors of z? 3, 127 Suppose -4*x - 4*g + 0*g + 24 = 0, x + 5*g = 22. Suppose 0 = -m - 4*m + x*l + 122, -l + 95 = 4*m. List the prime factors of m. 2, 3 Let v = 576 - -111. What are the prime factors of v? 3, 229 Let f(h) = -11*h - 31. Let s be f(-11). Suppose -u + s = 4*z + u, 2*u = 5*z - 135. List the prime factors of z. 5 Let b = -8 + 13. Suppose -3*k - m + 1 = -b, 4*m = -k + 2. Suppose -42 = -k*y - 0*y. What are th | Low | [
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Sexual violence, including childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual assault, is a significant public health problem. The purpose of the proposed research is to develop a midrange theory that describes, explains, and predicts men and women's responses to sexual violence and guides clinical interventions for individuals seeking healthcare who have experienced sexual violence. Grounded theory methods will be used to revise and expand a theoretical framework proposed by Draucker and Stem in 2000 entitled "Forging Ahead in A Dangerous World: Women's Responses to Sexual Violence by Male Intimates." Using this framework as a starting point, we intend to develop a midrange theory using two sources of data: a) published reports of qualitative studies that describe individuals' responses to sexual violence, and b) narratives and documents obtained from a large, diverse community sample of men and women who have experienced sexual violence. The theory will provide a typology reflecting experiential variations of sexual violence across the lifespan, describe the unique challenges faced by men and women who live through different types of sexual violence, and map trajectories of change over time. Specific aims are to: a) Refine and expand the categorization of experiences of sexual violence identified in the framework previously developed by the PI and colleagues, b) Identify the basic social psychological processes, including critical junctures related to recovery, used by individuals in each category to manage their lives during and after their victimizing experiences, c) Explore the role of social structural forces (cultural, social, economic, institutional), including those of the healthcare system, on responses to sexual violence, d) Examine the influence of gender on responses to sexual violence by comparing men and women's experiences, and e) Based on the theory, develop a sexual violence nursing assessment guide that may be used by staff nurses who care for victims of sexual violence in their daily practices. Following completion of this project, the next step in the research program would be to implement and evaluate the assessment guide on several nursing units and use qualitative outcome analysis to further validate the theory and analyze the clinical application process. The long-range goal is to build and validate a repertoire of theory-based assessment and intervention strategies for healthcare providers who work with survivors of sexual violence in a variety of settings. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable] | High | [
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Migration of contaminants through the unsaturated zone overlying the Hesbaye chalky aquifer in Belgium: a field investigation. This paper presents the results of a detailed field investigation that was performed for studying groundwater recharge processes and solute downward migration mechanisms prevailing in the unsaturated zone overlying a chalk aquifer in Belgium. Various laboratory measurements were performed on core samples collected during the drilling of boreholes in the experimental site. In the field, experiments consisted of well logging, infiltration tests in the unsaturated zone, pumping tests in the saturated zone and tracer tests in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Results show that gravitational flows govern groundwater recharge and solute migration mechanisms in the unsaturated zone. In the variably saturated chalk, the migration and retardation of solutes is strongly influenced by recharge conditions. Under intense injection conditions, solutes migrate at high speed along the partially saturated fissures, downward to the saturated zone. At the same time, they are temporarily retarded in the almost immobile water located in the chalk matrix. Under normal recharge conditions, fissures are inactive and solutes migrate slowly through the chalk matrix. Results also show that concentration dynamics in the saturated zone are related to fluctuations of groundwater levels in the aquifer. A conceptual model is proposed to explain the hydrodispersive behaviour of the variably saturated chalk. Finally, the vulnerability of the chalk to contamination issues occurring at the land surface is discussed. | High | [
0.6649746192893401,
32.75,
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Nativity figures of the 4.5 inch size The mail order company "Manufactum" described the twelve-part basic set of the 4.5 inch Nativity figures once as "Thuringian crib". The inclusion of our products in the premium range of Manufactum proves the permanent high quality of our handmade products. The mail order company "Manufactum" described the twelve-part basic set of the 4.5 inch Nativity figures once as "Thuringian crib". The inclusion of our products in the premium range of... read more » The mail order company "Manufactum" described the twelve-part basic set of the 4.5 inch Nativity figures once as "Thuringian crib". The inclusion of our products in the premium range of Manufactum proves the permanent high quality of our handmade products. | Low | [
0.49680170575692906,
29.125,
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Q: Null entity value My User model: public class User { public int UserId { get; set; } public int RoleId { get; set; } [Required] public string Name { get; set; } [Required, DataType(DataType.EmailAddress)] public string Email { get; set; } [Required, DataType(DataType.Password)] public string Password { get; set; } public Role Roles { get; set; } } My Roles model: public class Role { public int RoleId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public List<User> Users { get; set; } } But in the view the name of the Role is empty... what should I do or where is the problem the database relations or anywhere else? <dt> @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Roles.Name) </dt> <dd> @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Roles.Name) </dd> A: You can solve that problem using eager loading to load the related entity as part of your query, eg: var query= context.Users.Include(u=>u.Role).Where(...).ToList(); In the link I quote above you'll find all the options you have to load related entities. Just a FYI, your entities don't meet all the conditions that need lazy loading to create proxy classes from your entities, you can see all the conditions in this other link. You need to declare your navigation properties as virtual to be lazy loaded, but I recommend you use eager loading in this case. At the time you consult a navigation property in your view, you DbContext will be disposed, so an exception will be thrown. Update Well you can create an overload of your GetAll method where you pass as parameter the related entities you want to load: using System.Data.Entity; //... public virtual IQueryable<TEntity> GetAll(List<Expression<Func<TEntity, object>>> includes = null) { IQueryable<TEntity> query = _dbSet; if (includes != null) { query = includes.Aggregate(query, (current, include) => current.Include(include)); } return query; } | Mid | [
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Minnesota State Mankato has two options for high school students ready to get a jump start on their college careers: Concurrent Enrollment and Post-secondary Enrollment Options (PSEO). Students who participate in PSEO enroll in courses taught by University faculty at the Minnesota State Mankato campus. PSEO students enroll in courses alongside other University students. Visit the PSEO website to learn more. Students who participate in concurrent enrollment take Minnesota State Mankato classes in their high school setting during regular school hours. Concurrent enrollment courses are taught by qualified high school teachers who work closely with Minnesota State Mankato faculty to develop and deliver the college-level course.Visit the concurrent enrollment website to learn more. | High | [
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Q: Understanding functions and pointers in C This is a very simple question but what does the following function prototype mean? int square( int y, size_t* x ) what dose the size_t* mean? I know size_t is a data type (int >=0). But how do I read the * attached to it? Is it a pointer to the memory location for x? In general I'm having trouble with this stuff, and if anybody could provide a handy reference, I'd appreciate it. Thanks everybody. I understand what a pointer is, but I guess I have a hard hard time understanding the relationship between pointers and functions. When I see a function prototype defined as int sq(int x, int y), then it is perfectly clear to me what is going on. However, when I see something like int sq( int x, int* y), then I cannot--for the life of me--understand what the second parameter really means. On some level I understand it means "passing a pointer" but I don't understand things well enough to manipulate it on my own. A: How about a tutorial on understanding pointers? In this case however, the pointer is probably used to modify/return the value. In C, there are two basic mechanisms in which a function can return a value (please forgive the dumb example): It can return the value directly: float square_root( float x ) { if ( x >= 0 ) return sqrt( x ); return 0; } Or it can return by a pointer: int square_root( float x, float* result ) { if ( x >= 0 ) { *result = sqrt( result ); return 1; } return 0; } The first one is called: float a = square_root( 12.0 ); ... while the latter: float b; square_root( 12.00, &b ); Note that the latter example will also allow you to check whether the value returned was real -- this mechanism is widely used in C libraries, where the return value of a function usually denotes success (or the lack of it) while the values themselves are returned via parameters. Hence with the latter you could write: float sqresult; if ( !square_root( myvar, &sqresult ) ) { // signal error } else { // value is good, continue using sqresult! } | High | [
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1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a vehicle steering control device and a vehicle steering control method and, more particularly, to a vehicle steering control device and vehicle steering control method that change control rules at the time of automatic steering. 2. Description of the Related Art As a related-art vehicle steering control device, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-324744 (JP-A-2005-324744), for example, discloses a vehicular automatic steering device capable of selecting and disengaging an automatic steering control. In this disclosed technology, when the automatic steering control is selected, a front wheel steering control device starts the automatic steering control after a rear wheel steering control has stopped at a neutral position. When the selection of the automatic steering control is cancelled, the rear wheel steering control device starts the rear wheel steering control after the automatic steering control has stopped. Thus, this technology substantially avoids the discomfort caused to the driver and the like and prevents the wobbling of the vehicle at the time of the automatic steering control. However, even with the technology in which the start timing of the automatic steering control is prescribed as described above, it sometimes happens that at the time of the automatic steering, the vehicle is not stable and the driver feels discomfort, in comparison with the time of the manual steering performed by the driver. | Mid | [
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Q: How to input a custom expression for a function? Is there any way that when you run the code you can choose the expression of a function let's say f x instead of writing it down before you run the code? A: There's no simple way in OCaml to execute code that is determined at runtime. It's a statically compiled language. With some effort you could run the OCaml compiler from your code, then load the result as a shared library. Or you could link the OCaml interpreter into your program. IMHO it is usually a bad plan to execute code that is produced dynamically. It gives the program awesome power, but is extremely difficult to control (and to understand). | Low | [
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Reducing Digital Storytelling Implementation Barriers in Nursing Education Workshops. Digital stories have the potential to transform health care systems by cultivating understanding and compassion; however, limited research explores the use of this innovative strategy in continuing education. This article describes how a collaborative partnership of an Academic Team and Translational Partners (n = 15) implemented a four-phase study that included a continuing education workshop with digital stories as the central strategy. The study's guiding questions focused on adapting approaches to creating digital stories to reduce logistic concerns and overcome implementation challenges yet empower nurses in their practice with families. Numerical and narrative responses from workshop participant evaluations (n = 160) affirmed storytelling as the most valuable component, and reflection increased understandings to influence their thinking and actions. This study affirms using digital stories as an implementation strategy in health care systems has the potential to transform nursing education, supports the transfer of family nursing practice knowledge, encourages reflection, and develops empathy for families and nurse peers. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2019;50(9):411-416.]. | High | [
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Cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics in first-episode schizophrenia. We evaluated the clinical use and the safety of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics in 155 patients with the suspected diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia. Five patients (3.2%) revealed pathological findings that lead to diagnostic re-evaluation and changes in clinical management. No serious adverse events occurred, but we documented 16 (10.3%) cases of mild to moderate headache or local pain at the puncture site. Our results underline the value of lumbar puncture in the clinical workup of first-episode patients with suspected schizophrenia. | High | [
0.704968944099378,
28.375,
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Q: Check constraint with condition I'm wondering if this condition can be done by a check constraint or do I need to create a trigger. Condition : if student admited date is not null then exam mark is null Remark: Constaint case OR Trigger What I tried : ALTER TABLE ADMITED_TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT AAAA CHECK ( CASE WHEN DATEADMITED IS NOT NULL THEN MARK NULL END); Error: ORA-00920: invalid relational operator 00920. 00000 - "invalid relational operator" A: A check constraints takes a boolean condition, so you'd have to frame this logic in a form of such a condition: ALTER TABLE ADMITED_TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT AAAA CHECK (dateadmited IS NULL OR mark IS NULL); | Mid | [
0.595959595959595,
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NOTICE: This opinion is subject to motions for rehearing under Rule 22 as well as formal revision before publication in the New Hampshire Reports. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter, Supreme Court of New Hampshire, One Charles Doe Drive, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, of any editorial errors in order that corrections may be made before the opinion goes to press. Errors may be reported by E-mail at the following address: [email protected]. Opinions are available on the Internet by 9:00 a.m. on the morning of their release. The direct address of the court's home page is: http://www.courts.state.nh.us/supreme. THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE ___________________________ Hillsborough-southern judicial district No. 2012-078 THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE v. TARIQ ZUBHUZA Argued: November 7, 2013 Opinion Issued: March 7, 2014 Joseph A. Foster, attorney general (Elizabeth C. Woodcock, assistant attorney general, on the brief and orally), for the State. David M. Rothstein, deputy chief appellate defender, of Concord, on the brief and orally, for the defendant. LYNN, J. Following a jury trial in Superior Court (Nicolosi, J.), the defendant, Tariq Zubhuza, was convicted on charges of criminal restraint (RSA 633:2, I (2007)), burglary (RSA 635:1, I (2007)), and criminal threatening with a firearm (RSA 631:4, II(a)(2) (2007)), all stemming from his involvement in a home invasion. On appeal, he argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the criminal restraint and burglary charges for insufficiency of the evidence. We affirm. I Viewed in the light most favorable to the State, see, e.g., State v. Sideris, 157 N.H. 258, 263 (2008), the evidence presented at trial was sufficient for the jury to find the following facts. On December 3, 2010, Miranda Robbins lived in a Nashua apartment with her five young children and her fiancé, Dorian Montero. Montero’s brother, D.J., also stayed at the apartment from time to time. At the time of the events described below, neither Montero nor D.J. was present, but, Robbins’s father, Raymond Sinclair, was visiting. At approximately 11:30 a.m. on that day, the defendant and Crystol Pelletier went to the apartment. When Robbins answered the door, Pelletier, the only person visible, identified herself as “Crystol” and asked whether D.J. was home. Robbins responded that D.J. was at work. Pelletier explained that D.J. owed her money “for prostitution” and, after pausing, looked to her left. At that point, the defendant appeared and “barged” past Robbins into the apartment. Once inside, the defendant began “looking around” the apartment, searching the bathroom and kitchenette while Robbins, who was in the dining room, asked what he was doing. At some point, Sinclair came from the living room into the dining room, at which time the defendant produced a gun and placed it to Sinclair’s head. According to Robbins, the defendant, while holding the gun to Sinclair’s head, told him, “if you move or say anything . . . I’ll blow your head away.” Eventually, one of Robbins’s children entered the dining room, at which point the defendant lowered the gun to his side. At this time, Robbins asked the defendant and Pelletier to go back outside, which they eventually did. Once they were outside on the apartment’s porch, the defendant held the gun by his waistband. Robbins asked the defendant and Pelletier to leave, and offered to call them when D.J. returned, but the defendant responded that no one was leaving. When Robbins stated that she needed to bring one of her children to the doctor, the defendant responded that she could miss the appointment. Eventually, Pelletier provided Robbins with a phone and instructed her to call D.J. Robbins did so, and briefly spoke to D.J. Pelletier then took the phone from Robbins and handed it to the defendant, who walked down the porch to talk to D.J. By that point, the defendant had tucked the gun in his waistband or pocket. While the defendant was on the telephone with D.J., Robbins — in an attempt to get the defendant and Pelletier to leave — again offered to call Pelletier when D.J. returned if she left her name and telephone number. Pelletier provided this information, and she and the defendant, who by that time had finished the telephone call, then left on foot. Thereafter, the Nashua police were contacted and spoke with Robbins and Sinclair. Robbins identified the defendant and Pelletier from photographic line-ups shown to her at the police station. Police arrested the defendant and 2 Pelletier at the defendant’s residence later that day. During a search of the defendant’s residence conducted pursuant to a warrant, the police discovered a loaded Glock handgun with a round in the chamber. The defendant was subsequently indicted on charges of burglary, criminal threatening of Sinclair with a firearm, and criminal restraint of Robbins. At the close of the State’s case, the defendant moved to dismiss the burglary and criminal restraint charges. The trial court denied the motions, and a jury ultimately convicted the defendant of all three charges. This appeal followed. II The defendant raises two issues on appeal. First, he argues that the evidence offered at trial was insufficient to prove that his conduct exposed Robbins to a risk of serious bodily injury, as required for the crime of criminal restraint. Second, he argues that the trial court erred when it denied his motion to dismiss the burglary indictment, as there was insufficient evidence to prove that he acted with the requisite criminal intent. We examine these issues in turn. “When considering a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we objectively review the record to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Saunders, 164 N.H. 342, 351 (2012) (quotation omitted). We consider “all the evidence and all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the State.” Id. (quotation omitted). “The defendant bears the burden of demonstrating that the evidence was insufficient to prove guilt.” Id. (quotation omitted). A We first address whether the evidence was sufficient to establish that, for purposes of RSA 633:2, I (2007), the defendant exposed Robbins to a risk of serious bodily injury. To resolve this issue, we are required to engage in statutory interpretation. “In matters of statutory interpretation, we are the final arbiter of the intent of the legislature as expressed in the words of a statute considered as a whole.” State v. Burke, 162 N.H. 459, 461 (2011) (quotation omitted). “We construe provisions of the Criminal Code according to the fair import of their terms and to promote justice.” Id. (quotation omitted); see RSA 625:3 (2007). “We first look to the language of the statute itself, and, if possible, construe that language according to its plain and ordinary meaning.” Id. (citation omitted). “We interpret legislative intent from the statute as written and will not consider what the legislature might have said or add language that the legislature did not see fit to include.” Id. (quotation omitted). “We must give effect to all words in a statute, and presume that the legislature did not enact superfluous or redundant words.” Id. (quotation 3 omitted). “Finally, we interpret a statute in the context of the overall statutory scheme and not in isolation.” Id. (quotation omitted). The criminal restraint statute, RSA 633:2, I, provides: “A person is guilty of a class B felony if he knowingly confines another unlawfully in circumstances exposing him to risk of serious bodily injury.” The State is thus required to prove three elements: “(1) the actor must act knowingly; (2) the victim must be exposed to the risk of serious bodily injury; and (3) the act must confine the victim unlawfully.” Burke, 162 N.H. at 461. The defendant challenges only whether there is sufficient evidence to establish a risk of serious bodily injury. The Legislature has defined “serious bodily injury” as “any harm to the body which causes severe, permanent or protracted loss of or impairment to the health or the function of any part of the body.” RSA 625:11, VI (2007). The criminal restraint statute requires only a risk of serious bodily injury, not the actual infliction of injury. State v. Gibbs, 164 N.H. 439, 444 (2012). In determining whether such a risk exists, the defendant’s use or brandishing of a deadly weapon is a highly relevant consideration. See RSA 625:11, V (2007) (“‘Deadly weapon’ means any firearm, knife or other substance or thing which, in the manner it is used, intended to be used, or threatened to be used, is known to be capable of producing death or serious bodily injury.”); Bell v. State, 693 S.W.2d 434, 438 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985) (“The danger of serious bodily injury is necessarily established when a deadly weapon is used in the commission of an offense.”). Although he acknowledges that a gun is capable of causing serious bodily injury, the defendant emphasizes that he did not point the gun at Robbins or specifically threaten her with the weapon, and argues that his mere possession of a gun did not expose Robbins to the risk of serious bodily injury. In support of this argument, the defendant analogizes to our reasoning in Burke. In Burke, the victim testified that the defendant “held [a] knife in a threatening manner, but never verbally threatened to use it or attempted to use it to harm her.” Id. at 460. We observed: [T]he State properly conceded that the fact that the defendant possessed a knife during [the victim’s] confinement does not affect the analysis because the defendant never verbally threatened to use the knife, never held it in close proximity to [the victim], and never attempted to harm [the victim] with it. Thus, on these facts, the knife [was] irrelevant to the element at issue. Id. at 462. 4 The analogy to Burke fails, however, as the defendant here did more than merely possess a gun. After entering Robbins’s apartment with the gun, the defendant held it to Sinclair’s head. The defendant verbally threatened to shoot Sinclair if he moved or spoke. The defendant engaged in this conduct in Robbins’s presence, and continued to hold the gun in his hand throughout most of the time he subjected Robbins to confinement. Under these circumstances, a reasonable jury could have found that Robbins was exposed to the risk of serious bodily injury regardless of whether the defendant actually pointed the gun at her. Thus, we conclude that the trial court did not err in denying the motion to dismiss the criminal restraint indictment. B We next address the defendant’s argument that there was insufficient evidence to prove that he acted with the criminal intent required for the crime of burglary. “The crime of burglary consists of two elements: (1) unauthorized entry; and (2) an intent to commit a crime therein.” State v. Gordon, 161 N.H. 410, 415 (2011) (citation omitted); see RSA 635:1, I. The defendant does not challenge that there was an unauthorized entry. As to the element of intent, the defendant correctly points out that the language of RSA 635:1 is different from the language used in many other jurisdictions’ burglary statutes, in that it requires the defendant to have the intent to commit a crime at the time of entry.1 Thus, the State was required to prove that the defendant intended to commit a crime — in this case, an assault — at the time he entered Robbins’s apartment.2 A defendant’s intent often must be proven by circumstantial evidence. State v. Fuller, 147 N.H. 210, 214 (2001). “When the evidence is solely circumstantial, it must exclude all reasonable conclusions except guilt.” State v. Marshall, 162 N.H. 657, 666 (2011). However, as we recently explained: 1 RSA 635:1 states: “A person is guilty of burglary if he enters a building . . . with purpose to commit a crime therein,” whereas the burglary statutes of many other jurisdictions require that an actor “enters or remains unlawfully” in a building with the intent to commit a crime. See, e.g., Ala. Code § 13A-7-5(a) (2006); Alaska Stat. § 11.46.310 (2012); Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 13-1506 (LexisNexis 2012); Ark. Code Ann § 5-39-201(a)(1) (2006); Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-4-202(1) (2013); Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-102 (2013); Fla. Stat. Ann. § 810.02 (2010); Ga. Code Ann. § 16-7-1(b) (Supp. 2012); Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 511.040 (LexisNexis 2008); Mont. Code Ann. § 45-6-204(1)(a) (2011); Or. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 164.215 (West 2003); S.D. Codified Laws § 22-32-1 (2006); Utah Code Ann. § 76-6-202(1)(c) (LexisNexis 2012); Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 9A.52.020(a) (LexisNexis 2009). 2 The trial court instructed the jury that the defendant had to have the specific intent to commit simple assault at the time of the entry, and the State does not challenge the correctness of this instruction. 5 The court does not determine whether another possible hypothesis has been suggested by [the] defendant which could explain the events in an exculpatory fashion. Rather, the reviewing court evaluates the evidence in the light most favorable to the [State] and determines whether the alternative hypothesis is sufficiently reasonable that a rational juror could not have found proof of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Germain, 165 N.H. 350, 361-62 (2013) (emphasis in original) (quotations omitted). Intent may be inferred from the defendant's conduct under all the circumstances. State v. Meloon, 124 N.H. 257, 259 (1983); see also State v. Reed, 114 N.H. 377, 379 (1974) (finding sufficient evidence of intent to commit a crime where there was “[e]vidence of unexplained entry by breaking into a stranger’s home, findably by the defendant and another, coupled with their suspicious attempt to conceal themselves while in the yard”). Based upon the totality of the evidence, a rational jury could have found that, at the time the defendant entered the apartment, he intended to assault D.J. (or other occupants) if necessary to collect the money that Pelletier claimed was owed to her “for prostitution.” See Model Penal Code § 2.02(6) (1985) (“When a particular purpose is an element of an offense, the element is established although such purpose is conditional, unless the condition negatives the harm or evil sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense.”); see also Holloway v. United States, 526 U.S. 1, 10-11 (1999) (“[A] defendant may not negate a proscribed intent by requiring the victim to comply with a condition the defendant has no right to impose.”). Further, a rational jury also could have determined that the defendant’s alternative hypothesis — that he went to the apartment to verbally confront D.J., but not to assault him — was not “reasonable.” The jury could readily have found that the defendant went to the apartment to act as the “strong-arm” for his co-defendant (Pelletier) in collecting a claimed debt. Armed with a gun, he entered the apartment by “barging” past Robbins, despite the fact that Robbins stated that D.J. was not home. He then searched the apartment for D.J. While in the apartment, the defendant placed his gun to Sinclair’s head, threatening to “blow [Sinclair’s] head away” if he moved or spoke. Finally, when the police searched the defendant’s residence, they recovered a loaded Glock handgun with a round in the chamber. Based on the totality of these circumstances, a rational jury could have found that the defendant’s “verbal confrontation only” scenario did not constitute a reasonable view of his intent when he entered the apartment. 6 For this reason, the trial court properly denied the defendant’s motion to dismiss the burglary charge. Affirmed. DALIANIS, C.J., and HICKS, CONBOY and BASSETT, JJ., concurred. 7 | Mid | [
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In this video Marek Plitcha from indie game development studio Spaces Of Play will briefly talk about his team and some projects, both realized and in development. He will show four different games - Proteus, 4 min. and 33 sec. of Uniqueness, B.U.T.T.O.N, The Stanley Parable - and explain what make them special, how they use new ways of interaction and bring completely new level of experience. This talk was presented and filmed at Resonate festival in Belgrade (Serbia), 2013. | High | [
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SpVgg Bayreuth SpVgg Bayreuth is a German football club based in Bayreuth, Bavaria. Apart from coming within two games of earning promotion to the Bundesliga in 1979, the club also reached the quarter finals of the DFB-Pokal twice, in 1977 and 1980. History 1921 to 1945 Founded in 1921 when the side left gymnastics oriented sport club TuSpo Bayreuth, SpVgg Bayreuth was one of many clubs banned and replaced with a state-sanctioned organization in 1933 during the Nazi campaign against existing sports and other social organizations. A handful of club members reformed a rump side called FSV Bayreuth to carry on the activities of the original association. This team was made up largely of soldiers stationed locally, which resulted in a constantly changing lineup as they were transferred in and out of the area. The old club was quickly resurrected after World War II. 1945 to 1963 The club initially stood in the shadow of two local rivals, FC Bayreuth and VfB Bayreuth, with the later taking out the Amateurliga Nordbayern (III) title in 1956. SpVgg had earned promotion to this league in 1954, having won the 2. Amateurliga Oberfranken-West title that year and then dominated its promotion round. The club achieved good results in the Bayernliga and managed to win its division in 1959. The team then went on to beat southern champions Schwaben Augsburg in the finals for the Bavarian title. As the Bavarian champions, the club was entitled to enter the promotion round to the 2. Oberliga Süd, where it had to overcome VfR Pforzheim 2–1 after extra time in a narrow decider for promotion to the second division. The club spent three seasons in the second tier of Southern German football, achieving a remarkable fifth place in its first year. The second season was a struggle against relegation and, in the third and last one, it was sent down back to the Bayernliga again. A fourth place in the last season before the league reform in 1963 saw the club qualify for the new single-division Amateurliga Bayern from 1963. 1963 to present After the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, Bayreuth played as a third division team until 1969. Another Amateurliga championship meant promotion to the second tier once more, now the Regionalliga Süd. It proved a short stay and SpVgg was narrowly relegated, losing a decider to ESV Ingolstadt 5–2 after finishing on equal points. Back in the Bayernliga, the club won an undisputed championship, losing only two out of their 34 games, 15 points clear of the second-placed Wacker München. After another difficult first year in the second division, the club established itself in the league, coming fourth in 1973 and fifth in 1974, results that proved enough to qualify for the new 2. Bundesliga Süd. The club did quite well in the new league and they came close to moving up to the Bundesliga in 1979 after a second-place finish in 2. Bundesliga Süd (the southern division of 2. Bundesliga), but lost in the promotion round 1–1 and 1–2 to Bayer Uerdingen. It managed to qualify for the new single-division 2. Bundesliga in 1981, too, but the first season in this league was very disappointing and the team was relegated to the Oberliga in 1982, having come last. The team became a top-side in the Oberliga but took until 1985 to take out the league title again and returned to the second division. Although relegated to Amateur Oberliga Bayern (III) in 1988 and 1989, the team was spared further demotion when clubs that had finished ahead of them were denied licences due to their financial problems. Bayreuth could not evade relegation after a third consecutive poor finish in 1990, and in 1994 slipped further still to the Bayernliga (IV). A strong campaign returned the side to the Regionalliga Süd (III) for 2005–06. The club was denied a license for the Regionalliga in the 2006/07 season and forcibly relegated to the 4th division Bayernliga. The club won the Bayernliga title for a seventh time, building up a convincing margin to the second placed team, and fulfilling the on-the-field qualification to the Regionalliga. On 11 June 2008, the club was refused a licence for this league and has to remain in the Bayernliga. The club's financial trouble however continued, having to declare insolvency on 22 October 2008, despite sitting second in the league. In the 2010–11 Bayernliga season, the club unsuccessfully struggled against relegation, dropping down to the Landesliga after a 1–2 extra-time loss to Bayern Hof in a relegation decider. At the end of the 2011–12 season the club qualified directly for the newly expanded Bayernliga after finishing fourth in the Landesliga. Two seasons later the club won the league and earned promotion to the Regionalliga Bayern. The club, by then had added the title Oberfranken (Upper Franconia) to its name, relocated some of its home games to nearby Weismain and split from the main club with the help of two regional investors. Stadium The club's stadium was originally built in 1967. In 2002 it was renamed the Hans-Walter-Wild-Stadion. Hans Walter Wild is the former mayor of Bayreuth. It is due for renovation in the Fall of 2016. Current squad Honours The club's honours: League 2. Bundesliga Süd Runners-up: 1979 Bayernliga Champions: (8) 1959 (north), 1969, 1971, 1985, 1987, 2005, 2008, 2014 (north) Runners-up: (2) 1958 (north), 1995 Landesliga Bayern-Nord Champions: (2) 1998, 2001 Runners-up: 2000 2. Amateurliga Oberfranken Ost (IV) Champions: 1954 Cup DFB-Pokal Quarter finals: (2) 1976–77, 1979–80 Bavarian Cup Runners-up: (2) 2006, 2018 Oberfranken Cup Winners: (2) 2001, 2006 Appearances DFB-Pokal (17) 1972–73, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 2006–07 Bundesliga promotion round 1979 Youth Bavarian Under 19 championship Runners-up: 1997 Bavarian Under 15 championship Champions': 1977 Runners-up'': 1978 Recent managers Recent managers of the club: Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: SpVgg Bayreuth SpVgg Bayreuth II With the introduction of the Bezirksoberligas in 1988 as the new fifth tier, below the Landesligas, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. With the establishment of the Regionalliga Bayern as the new fourth tier in Bavaria in 2012 the Bayernliga was split into a northern and a southern division, the number of Landesligas expanded from three to five and the Bezirksoberligas abolished. All leagues from the Bezirksligas onwards were elevated one tier. Key DFB-Pokal appearances The club has qualified for the first round of the DFB-Pokal one quite a number of occasions, reaching the quarter finals in 1979–80 as its best result: Source: References External links The Abseits Guide to German Soccer SpVgg Bayreuth at Weltfussball.de SpVgg Category:Football clubs in Germany Category:Football clubs in Bavaria Category:Association football clubs established in 1921 Category:Football in Upper Franconia Category:1921 establishments in Germany Category:Sports clubs banned by the Nazis | Mid | [
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The Home Front Cares has been providing one-time, emergency financial grants to active duty military and veterans in Colorado Springs and Denver since 2003. “The organization was initially started by two retired Air Force colonels, Bob Carlone and Joe Henjum, who wanted to make sure that the families of service members received support during deployments,” says Eric Evans, executive director of The Home Front Cares. “We support active duty military and veterans of all eras,” says Evans. “Our grants help with things like rent, utilities and transportation costs. We help keep the families of service men and women off the streets, help them get into a home perhaps, or keep the heat on,” he continues. The Home Front Cares helped over 1,000 service members and their families during the past year with grants totaling approximately $400,000. “We get referrals for clients from our partners, such as the VA,” said Evans. “Applicants undergo a strict vetting process in order to receive a grant. We want to make sure that this grant will be sustainable, will really help get the applicant back on track financially.” Even with the thorough vetting process, The Home Front Cares works to act quickly to process each grant. “We work very hard to get a check to the vendor – the landlord, the utility company, etc. – within 24 to 48 hours,” says Evans. Evans said The Home Front Cares is vital in Colorado due to the large military presence in our community. “We have high numbers of veterans in Colorado Springs and throughout the state,” he said. “Some have separated from the military or have decided to return to Colorado after a deployment. There is often a gap time while they are working with the VA, getting their housing and employment settled, and that is where we step in.” Bernard Felton, who served in the Army from 1977-82, sought help from The Home Front Cares when he and his family had to move suddenly. “The owners of the house we were renting decided to put the house on the market, and we had to vacate within 30 days,” he says. “I am on Social Security, and my wife and I have a special needs son. We had just paid several large utility bills in a row, so didn’t have enough money for a deposit on the new apartment.” “Once I applied for a grant (from The Home Front Cares), I got a call back from them within 24 hours saying I had been approved. I was just so happy, I started dancing around the kitchen, praising God,” he remembers. “If it wasn’t for them, my family and I might have been homeless,” Felton continued “Everyone there is really caring; you can just feel the kindness when you walk into the office. We need more organizations like The Home Front Cares, to help veterans in their time of need, to let us know we haven’t been forgotten.” “We at The Home Front Cares feel very strongly that we need to respect and serve those who have protected our freedom,” said Evans. “We make sure that our veterans will not slip through the cracks.” | High | [
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Previous primate electrophysiological and human psychophysical studies have provided great insights into the mechanisms of color vision. However, few hypotheses have been validated directly because of the complexity and variability of vertebrate neural circuits as well as the technical difficulty when attempting to establish causality. To circumvent these problems, we use the Drosophila visual system as a model to study color vision. True color vision and high-order color vision functions have been demonstrated in many insects including bees and flies. We use a combination of molecular, genetic, histological, and behavioral approaches to determine the synaptic circuits involved in color vision and to identify the critical neurons that process color information. To determine the synaptic circuits of color vision, we combined molecular genetic and histological approaches. We are currently focusing on the medulla neuropil, which is analogous to the inner plexiform layer of vertebrate retina. The medulla is innervated by the chromatic photoreceptors R7 and R8 as well the first-order interneurons (L1-5) of the achromatic photoreceptor R1-R6. Approximately sixty different types of medulla neurons process the visual information carried by these afferents. To overcome the cellular complexity, we devised a divide and conquer strategy and subdivided the medulla neurons into several subclasses based on their use of neurotransmitters and receptors. We took the advantage of the finding that fly photoreceptor neurons utilize histamine as neurotransmitter. Therefore the first-order interneurons must express the histamine receptor (histamine-gated chloride channel or HisCl) in order to respond to histamine signal. Based on HisCl expression expression, we identified an amacrine neuronal type, Dm8, which relays R7 signal to projection neurons and three types of projection neurons, Tm5, Tm9 and Tm20, that relay photoreceptor signal to the higher visual center, the lobula. Using the promoters of various transcription factors, neurontransmitter transporters and synthesis enzymes, we further divided these neurons into subgroups. We found that the Tm5 can be further divided into three subtypes, Tm5a, Tm5b, and Tm5c, each of which has a unique axonal projection and dendritic arborization pattern correlated with its distinct gene expression profile. To characterize the dendritic branching pattern of different projection neurons, we developed an imaging technique called dual-view imaging, which generates high-resolution 3D images by combining two confocal image stacks collected in orthogonal orientations. Unlike typical confocal images which have low axial resolution, the dual view images are isotropic. Using this technique, we characterized the dendritic branching pattern of the Tm9 neurons as well as the Tm2 neurons, the third order interneurons involved in motion detection. We found that while different Tm neurons have stereotyped dendritic branching patterns, the detailed branching topology varies greatly from one neuron to another within a single neuronal type. We are now combining this technique with serial EM reconstruction to determine whether the connectivity is type invariant. To determine the functions of different types of medulla neurons, we used genetic technique to inactivate or restore their synaptic functions and examined the behavioral consequences. This procedure allows us to assign specific functions to different neuronal subtypes, therefore establishing causality. The specific types of neurons amenable to this approach are limited by the specificity and diversity of genetic drivers available. The split-Gal4 system developed recently combines two promoters to enhance specificity but the number of available drivers is rather limited. To overcome this problem, we developed a concatenated expression system, which is based on our split-LexA system and is compatible with existing Gal4 drivers abundantly available. Using this new expression system as well as the original split-Gal4 system, we have generated many genetic drivers that targeted specific medulla neurons. With these cell-specific drivers, we have begun to examine systematically whether a specific neuron subtype is required or sufficient for color and motion detection. We have found that the amacrine neuron Dm8 is specifically required and sufficient for animals preference to UV light over green light but not for motion detection. Conversely, the lamina neurons L1 and L2 are only required for motion detection but not for color vision. In summary, our study validates the validity of our approach and reveals that different neuron subtypes subserve distinct visual functions. | Mid | [
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Warriors opponent Manly has ASADA troubles Manly has joined Cronulla in having the build-up to their NRL clash with the New Zealand Warriors being disrupted by Australia's drugs-in-sport investigation - and the Sea Eagles will be hoping for a similar side effect in Gosford on Sunday. The Sharks successfully set aside the distractions associated with the Australian Sports Anti-Doping probe when recording their fourth successive victory over the Warriors last Sunday, a defeat that slowed one of the competition's form team's advance to the top eight. Now the team that denied the Warriors a maiden premiership in 2011 have place the 10th-placed Warriors' prospects on making this season's finals series in more jeopardy at Bluetongue Stadium. Safely ensconced in third, Manly surrendered 'home' advantage at the intimidating Brookvale Oval in order to farewell veterans Brent Kite and Joe Galuvao at the club's headquarters in the final round against Penrith on September 8. Despite moving the fixture to the NSW Central Coast, the Sea Eagles still appear to be travelling well although their current winning sequence does not include an opponent likely to make the post-season. Manly has racked up 198 points in their last five games against Parramatta (twice), Wests Tigers, North Queensland and the Gold Coast Titans but should find the Warriors a tougher proposition despite their potentially damaging 18-14 loss at Mt Smart. Like the Sharks, Manly is embroiled in the peptide scandal blighting the AFL and NFL - star second rower Anthony Watmough and fullback Brett Stewart among 30 players to be interviewed by ASADA officials. Former utility back Dean Whare, the incumbent Kiwis centre now at Penrith, is also expected to be grilled in the lead-up to next weekend's trip to Auckland. Manly head coach Geoff Toovey is also being summoned to an interview in relation to controversial sports scientist Stephen Danks' association with the club. Outwardly it has been business as usual at the Sea Eagles coaching base at Narrabeen this week and Toovey added an element of continuity by naming the same 17-man squad that swamped Parramatta 40-6 on Saturday night. The Warriors recovered from an early 12-point deficit to win 18-16 when the teams last met in Auckland on June 9, and will be hoping to display similar fortitude before they host Penrith in round 23. | Mid | [
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Q: For every prime divisor $p$ of a finite 2-generator group $G$, is there a generating pair containing an element of order divisible by $p$? Let $G$ be a finite 2-generated group. Let $p$ be a prime dividing the order of $G$. Must there exist a generating pair $(g,h)$ of $G$ such that $|g|$ is divisible by $p$? If not, is this true at least for finite simple groups? A: The answer is yes for finite simple groups $G$. Every element of $G$ is an element of a generating pair. This is proved in Guralnick, Robert, Kantor, William, Probalistic generation of finite simple groups, J. Algebra 234 (2000), p. 743–792. (MR1800754) Abstract: For each finite simple group $G$ there is a conjugacy class $C_G$ such that each nontrivial element of $G$ generates $G$ together with any of more than $1/10$ of the members of $C_G$. Precise asymptotic results are obtained for the probability implicit in this assertion. Similar results are obtained for almost simple groups. But the answer in general is no. It is not true for $2$-generated Frobenius groups with a non-cyclic Frobenius complement, because the two generators have to generate the group modulo the Frobenius kernel, and so elements of the kernel do not arise in generating pairs. For example, $\mathtt{PrimitiveGroup}(9,3)$ in the GAP/Magma databases has order $72$, with Frobenius kernel elementary abelian of order $9$ and complement $Q_8$. All generating pairs consist of two elements of order $4$. A: It is a result of C.S. H. King that every finite simple group is generated by an involution and an element of prime order, so for finite simple groups the answer is YES for SOME primes (as noted by the wise Noam Elkies). King, Carlisle S.H., Generation of finite simple groups by an involution and an element of prime order, J. Algebra 478, 153-173 (2017). ZBL1376.20018. | High | [
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Australia has been engaging an Indian company to conduct a thorough review of its team's thrashing against Pakistan to find a solution for the country's woes in Asia, a report published by The Sydney Morning Herald said. A Chennai-based Indian analysis firm, Cricket 21, which employs former first-class Indian cricketers, has been assigned to sort out Australia's problems in sub-continent conditions. Australia has lost 10 of their past 15 Tests in the sub-continent. The report said that there had been calls led by former Test captain and Cricket Australia (CA) Director Allan Border for an Argus-style review into issues faced by Australia in Asia. Read: Pakistan break 20-year jinx, beat Australia by 356 runs This prompted CA high performance chief Pat Howard to turn to India, which will also be taking on Australia for four Tests starting next month. Cricket 21 regularly provide series reviews to CA and also provided an analysis on Yasir Shah and Zulfiqar Babar before the start of Pakistan-Australia Tests, the report said, adding that the Australian side, however, failed to make the most out of it. Sunny Kaliyar, a former fast bowler and Cricket 21 employee, has been known as one of the CA's performance analysts. In-pictures: Resilient Pakistan take it away from Australia "The tour reviews not only summarise what went wrong in UAE, but more importantly provide feedback on what they can do better in future visits to the sub-continent," the report quoted Kaliyar as saying. "It's more about cricketing background. It's not just guys who are behind computers," Kaliyar said. "It's guys who have actually played cricket." | Mid | [
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In honor of TRANSGENERATION on Sundance Channel, we wanted to curate a screening list of the best transgender-themed flicks out there. In order to make our list, the films in question had to feature a sympathetic portrayal of a transgendered character in a leading role — hence Psycho and Silence of the Lambs did not make the cut. No, the following films are all thoughtful, moving depictions of people struggling through life — people who are human first, transgendered second. 1. Orlando (1992) Of all the films in this Top 10, this is the most figurative interpretation of transexuality: Sally Potter’s adaptation of Virginia Woolf’s novel of the same name follows the immortal life of a young nobleman in Elizabethan times who, a few centuries later, wakes up one morning as a woman. Deliciously androgynous Tilda Swinton plays the title character and British dandy Quentin Crisp, the “queen of queens,” plays an elderly Queen Elizabeth I. While it wasn’t widely embraced at the time of its release, its visually stunning examination of gender identity earned a theatrical rerelease in 2010 by Sony Pictures Classics. 2. Normal (2003) This HBO film starring powerhouses Jessica Lange and Tom Wilkinson tells the story of a married man who, after 25 years of marriage, wants to undergo sexual reassignment surgery. It became an official selection at the Sundance Film Festival that year and was nominated for a bunch of Golden Globes and Emmys. According to IMDB, “Tom Wilkinson chose not to do any research into the subject of transgenderism, as he felt that a mid-Western farmer wouldn’t know anything about the subject either.” 3. The Crying Game (1992) While it’s been criticized for reinforcing societal norms rather than challenging them (since we never really get inside the heart and mind of Dil, the transgendered character), THE CRYING GAME made the cut for this list because of its critical acclaim. It was nominated for all the Oscar biggies — Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor (for Dil’s portrayal), Best Original Screenplay — and won for its script. Kind of a big deal for a movie with a transgendered main character made over 20 years ago, in 1992. Plus, the movie song of the same title was recorded by Boy George, one of the greatest gender-benders of all time. 4. Breakfast on Pluto (2005) Neil Jordan, who directed THE CRYING GAME, adapted this novel for the screen and cast Cillian Murphy as Patrick “Kitten” Braden, an Irish transgendered kid coming of age in 1970s London. Also starring Liam Neeson and Stephen Rea (natch), the film was nominated for Golden Globe’s Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, and won Best Actor, Best Script and Best Director at The Irish Film & Television Awards. Felicity Huffman of DESPERATE HOUSEWIVES fame received a lot of praise — including an Oscar nomination and a Golden Globe nomination for best actress — for her portrayal of a pre-operative transsexual woman on a road trip with her long-lost son. In an interview with TotalFilm.com, she admitted to calling her prosthetic penis “Andy.” 6. Beautiful Boxer (2004) Based on a true story, Beautiful Boxer follows a lipstick-loving, flower-wearing young boy into adulthood as he becomes a brutally effective Thai boxing sensation who unnerves his opponents with his pre-fight make-up applications. The male kickboxer Asanee Suwan, who played the lead, won the Thai version of the “Oscar” for Best Actor. 7. Boys Don’t Cry (1992) One of the most well-known, well-received movies of the past several decades with a transgendered character at its center. With powerful performances from Hilary Swank and Chloe Sevigny, this movie really makes a convincing case for wider acceptance and tolerance of sexual diversity. If you see only one movie on this list, this is the one (though we’d be surprised—maybe even a little appalled—if you haven’t seen it already). 8. Breakfast on Pluto (2005) Neil Jordan, who directed The Crying Game, adapted this novel for the screen and cast Cillian Murphy as Patrick “Kitten” Braden, an Irish transgendered kid coming of age in 1970s London. Also starring Liam Neeson and Stephen Rea (‘natch), the movie was nominated for Golden Globe’s Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, and won Best Actor, Best Script and Best Director at The Irish Film & Television Awards. 9. Ma Vie En Rose (1997) This Belgian movie, a.k.a. My Life In Pink, tells the story of a young boy who just wants to be who she is. Winner of the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film, the movie got a freaking R-rating by the infamously conservative (and apparently transphobic) Motion Picture Association of America for “brief strong language”—yeah, right. 9. Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001) Kind of like Rocky Horror Picture Show—in its originality, visual zaniness, kickass soundtrack and cult following—but with much more heart and a lot less axe murdering (although appendages do get chopped off). This movie musical based on the stage musical of the same name was adapted and directed by John Cameron Mitchell, who also starred as the lead. It won the Best Director and Audience Awards at the Sundance Film Festival as well as Best Directorial Debut from the National Board of Review, the Gotham Awards, and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association. Mitchell received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor and the Premiere magazine “Performance of the Year Award.” | Mid | [
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Arreglos</title> <style> body{background-color: #B5CDE6; font-family: Arial; font-size: 4em; padding: 50px;} </style> </head> <body> <?php $frutas = array("platano", "manzana", "uvas", "fresa"); print_r($frutas); echo $frutas[3]; echo "<br >"; echo count($frutas) . " elementos"; echo "<br >"; for($i= 0; $i < count($frutas); $i++){ echo $frutas[$i] . "<br />"; } $edades = array("Marcos" => 34, "Tania" => 23, "Omar" => 27); print_r($edades); echo "<br >"; echo $edades['Tania']; echo "<br >"; foreach($edades as $key => $value){ echo $key . " tiene el valor de " . $value . "<br />"; } ?> </body> </html> | Mid | [
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Send this page to someone via email After spending years in federal politics, former health minister Jane Philpott has returned to her physician roots, once again donning her white coat and stethoscope to help in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19. “As a family doctor, your skills come back to you very quickly,” said Philpott. “It’s like getting on a bicycle: as soon as you put that stethoscope on, you know what to do with it.” Like 100s of other Canadian health professionals, I’ve returned the front lines, to help the amazing team at the @MSHospital COVID assessment centre. If you think you have symptoms or in close contact with someone who has it, use this self-assessment tool: https://t.co/zpV2FpfmrD pic.twitter.com/EtWaI0aNe0 — Jane Philpott (@janephilpott) March 19, 2020 Philpott is one of the hundreds of Canadian health-care workers who have answered the call to assist with the growing number of novel coronavirus cases in the country. Provinces have asked anyone with relevant experience to help ease the pressure on health-care workers during the pandemic. Story continues below advertisement READ MORE: Provinces try to recruit retired doctors as coronavirus spreads in Canada The former member of Parliament, who served from 2015 to 2019, says she’s working at the Markham Stouffville Hospital’s COVID-19 assessment centre. Philpott describes the centre as a trailer set up outside the health facility where people who have been pre-screened are tested for the novel coronavirus using a nasopharyngeal swab. [ Sign up for our Health IQ newsletter for the latest coronavirus updates ] “The first day the assessment centre opened, it was very, very busy with long lineups,” said Philpott. “We saw about 170 or 180 patients a day in the first few days. We’ll see what this week brings. Everyone has [a] sense the numbers are going to increase.” The former MP described the mood at the hospital and around the COVID-19 testing trailer as “calm.” “I would say it’s extraordinarily serene and steady,” said Philpott. “The patients themselves are relatively calm, but there are some that had a real anxiety or fear in their minds… they recognize their symptoms are very suggestive of COVID[-19].” Story continues below advertisement Philpott expressed some concern over the pressure on the health-care system and its workers but noted they are working short, five-hour shifts because of the intensity of the job at hand. She also commended all hospital staff and workers for their tireless efforts in the fight against COVID-19. Philpott served as an MP for Markham-Stouffville for four years, holding several cabinet posts before stepping down from her ministerial duties — she most recently served as president of the Treasury Board — over the prime minister’s handling of the SNC-Lavalin affair. She ran in the 2019 federal election as an Independent candidate but lost. Philpott has since accepted a position as the dean of Queen’s University’s faculty of health sciences, but the job doesn’t begin until July. “I will [help] at least until the end of June, if I’m needed for that long,” she said. | Mid | [
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Facebook has been accused of "pumping out fake news" after running political adverts claiming endangered animals were being threatened - by Brexit. The social media giant has been paid hundreds of thousands of pounds by Britain’s two most prominent Remain campaign groups to stir up support for a second referendum. Latest figures released by the Facebook show the two organisations - People’s Vote UK and Best for Britain - spent £373,587 on Facebook ads in the run up to the parliamentary vote on Theresa May’s defeated Brexit deal. By contrast, Leave-supporting groups spent a little over £93,000, according to an analysis by the Telegraph of political income disclosed by Facebook. Although Facebook reveals the names of the groups buying political ads, the organisations themselves are under no obligation to reveal the sources of their funding. Facebook is under investigation across the world over claims the social media website has been used to sway the results of election campaigns as well as the outcome of the EU referendum. | Mid | [
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import { MINode } from './mi_parse'; import { DebugProtocol } from 'vscode-debugprotocol/lib/debugProtocol'; export interface Breakpoint { file?: string; line?: number; raw?: string; condition: string; countCondition?: string; number?: number; } export interface Stack { level: number; address: string; function: string; fileName: string; file: string; line: number; } export interface Variable { name: string; valueStr: string; type: string; raw?: any; } export interface IBackend { connect(cwd: string, executable: string, target: string[]): Thenable<any>; stop(); detach(); interrupt(arg: string): Thenable<boolean>; continue(threadId: number): Thenable<boolean>; next(threadId: number, instruction: boolean): Thenable<boolean>; step(threadId: number, instruction: boolean): Thenable<boolean>; stepOut(threadId: number): Thenable<boolean>; addBreakPoint(breakpoint: Breakpoint): Promise<Breakpoint>; removeBreakpoints(breakpoints: number[]): Promise<boolean>; getStack(threadId: number, startLevel: number, maxLevels: number): Thenable<Stack[]>; getStackVariables(thread: number, frame: number): Thenable<Variable[]>; evalExpression(name: string, threadId: number, frameId: number): Thenable<any>; isReady(): boolean; changeVariable(name: string, rawValue: string): Thenable<any>; examineMemory(from: number, to: number): Thenable<any>; } export class VariableObject { public name: string; public exp: string; public numchild: number; public type: string; public value: string; public threadId: string; public frozen: boolean; public dynamic: boolean; public displayhint: string; public hasMore: boolean; public id: number; public fullExp: string; public children: {[name: string]: string}; constructor(node: any) { this.name = MINode.valueOf(node, 'name'); this.exp = MINode.valueOf(node, 'exp'); this.numchild = parseInt(MINode.valueOf(node, 'numchild')); this.type = MINode.valueOf(node, 'type'); this.value = MINode.valueOf(node, 'value'); this.threadId = MINode.valueOf(node, 'thread-id'); this.frozen = !!MINode.valueOf(node, 'frozen'); this.dynamic = !!MINode.valueOf(node, 'dynamic'); this.displayhint = MINode.valueOf(node, 'displayhint'); this.children = {}; // TODO: use has_more when it's > 0 this.hasMore = !!MINode.valueOf(node, 'has_more'); } public applyChanges(node: MINode) { this.value = MINode.valueOf(node, 'value'); if (!!MINode.valueOf(node, 'type_changed')) { this.type = MINode.valueOf(node, 'new_type'); } this.dynamic = !!MINode.valueOf(node, 'dynamic'); this.displayhint = MINode.valueOf(node, 'displayhint'); this.hasMore = !!MINode.valueOf(node, 'has_more'); } public isCompound(): boolean { return this.numchild > 0 || this.value === '{...}' || (this.dynamic && (this.displayhint === 'array' || this.displayhint === 'map')); } public toProtocolVariable(): DebugProtocol.Variable { const res: DebugProtocol.Variable = { name: this.exp, evaluateName: this.fullExp || this.exp, value: (this.value === void 0) ? '<unknown>' : this.value, type: this.type, presentationHint: { kind: this.displayhint }, variablesReference: this.id }; if (this.displayhint) { // res.kind = this.displayhint; } return res; } } // from https://gist.github.com/justmoon/15511f92e5216fa2624b#gistcomment-1928632 export interface MIError extends Error { readonly name: string; readonly message: string; readonly source: string; } export interface MIErrorConstructor { readonly prototype: MIError; new (message: string, source: string): MIError; } export const MIError: MIErrorConstructor = class MIError { public readonly name: string; public readonly message: string; public readonly source: string; public constructor(message: string, source: string) { Object.defineProperty(this, 'name', { get: () => (this.constructor as any).name }); Object.defineProperty(this, 'message', { get: () => message }); Object.defineProperty(this, 'source', { get: () => source }); Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor); } public toString() { return `${this.message} (from ${this.source})`; } } as any; Object.setPrototypeOf(MIError as any, Object.create(Error.prototype)); MIError.prototype.constructor = MIError; | Mid | [
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Astrologie chinoise L'histoire de l'astrologie chinoise L'année de votre naissance ne révèle pas seulement votre âge! Selon l'astrologie Chinoise, l'année de votre naissance désigne une certaine phase ou un aspect d'un cycle d'une durée de soixante ans. Trois systèmes sont utilisés pour compter et classer les années : les Dix Tiges Célestes, les Douze Rameaux Terrestres et les Douze animaux. Les origines exactes du système des douze animaux restent inconnues. Néanmoins, la légende raconte qu'un jour, l'empereur de jade s'ennuyait, n'ayant rien à faire au paradis. Il ne voyait pas ce qu'il se passait sur terre car tous ses serviteurs répondaient au moindre de ses désirs. Il décida qu'il voulait voir les animaux qui peuplaient la terre ; il envoya donc un mot à ses conseillers afin qu'ils lui amènent douze animaux (il considérait que c'était un bon échantillon). Ceux-ci envoyèrent la première invitation au rat, lui demandant d'amener également le chat. Mais le rat, qui était jaloux, ne transmit pas l'invitation au chat. D'autres invitations furent envoyées au bœuf (buffle), au tigre, au lapin (lièvre), au dragon, au serpent, au cheval, à la chèvre, au singe, au coq et enfin au chien. Ils étaient convoqués au palais le lendemain. Quand ils s'alignèrent devant l'empereur, celui-ci remarqua qu'ils n'étaient que onze, au lieu des douze qu'il avait convoqué. L'empereur envoya son serviteur sur terre pour qu'il trouve un douzième animal. En arrivant sur terre, le serviteur heurta un homme qui portait un cochon, il saisit le cochon à la hâte et l'amena à l'empereur. Les animaux se tenaient devant l'empereur sans ordre particulier. Le rat, étant plus petit que les autres sauta sur le dos du bœuf et commença à jouer de la flute. L'empereur, hautement impressionné par cet exploit, lui donna la première place. La deuxième fut donnée au bœuf pour son esprit sportif et la troisième au tigre qui avait l'air si courageux. La quatrième place fut donnée au lapin, la cinquième au dragon, la sixième au serpent, la septième au cheval, la huitième au bélier, la neuvième au singe, la dixième au coq et la onzième place au chien. Par défaut, et en raison de la nature juste de l'empereur, la douzième place revint au cochon. A la fin de la cérémonie, le chat (qui n'avait pas reçu son invitation) supplia l'empereur de reconsidérer son choix, mais il lui fut répondu qu'il était trop tard. Si vous ne connaissez pas encore votre signe chinois, découvrez comment calculer son signe du zodiaque chinois. Les cinq éléments Une grande partie de la philosophie Chinoise est construite autour de la croyance aux cinq éléments et leur capacité à interagir et créer des liens entre les phénomènes naturels. Les cinq éléments font partie de la culture chinoise depuis presque toujours. Il est intéressant de noter que très peu de personnes en dehors du monde Asiatique sont à même de comprendre l'importance des cinq éléments, et surtout leur relation avec le fonctionnement du Zodiaque Chinois. Les cinq éléments bois, feu, Terre, métal et eau sont associés aux cinq planètes majeures du système solaire : Jupiter, Mars, Saturne, Vénus et Mercure. Les cinq éléments sont des phénomènes naturels et sont censés avoir à la fois une influence génératrice et dominante l'un sur l'autre. Par exemple : le bois engendre le feu, l'eau engendre le bois, l'eau domine le feu, le feu domine le métal etc. Autres facteurs de corrélation entre les cinq éléments Parallèlement à ces forces génératrices et dominantes, les cinq éléments du zodiaque Chinois sont aussi liés aux points cardinaux, à la couleur, aux parties du corps, aux goûts et aux sens. L'élément bois par exemple est lié à l'est, à la saison du printemps, à la couleur bleue ou verte, au goût acide, à la vue et en ce qui concerne les parties du corps, à la vésicule biliaire, au foie et à l'annulaire. De même, les 4 autres éléments ont leurs propres corrélations. Les caractéristiques des cinq éléments, métal, bois, feu, eau et Terre ont une influence sur les douze animaux du Zodiaque Chinois et leur attribuent des caractéristiques différentes. Étant donné que ces douze animaux représentent en fait une période de temps, dans ce cas un an (les 12 rameaux), attribuer un des cinq éléments à chacune des douze années (12 rameaux) crée soixante combinaisons différentes. Plutôt que de fonctionner en cycles de douze ans, le Zodiaque Chinois se base sur un système de cycles de soixante ans. Le Yin et le Yang sont un autre concept important dans la philosophie chinoise donnant la possibilité de comparer, mais aussi d'équilibrer toute chose, comme le jour et la nuit, la féminité et la masculinité. Les concepts de Yin et de Yang influencent les cinq éléments et le Zodiaque Chinois en leur attribuant des forces ou des caractéristiques opposées. Il y a un bois Yin et un bois Yang, un métal Yin et un métal Yang, etc. Cinq éléments plus Yin et Yang Quand le Yin et le Yang sont appliqués aux cinq éléments, il en résulte un total de dix éléments ou dix tiges ; chaque tige ayant une interprétation différente. En ce qui concerne le Zodiaque Chinois, les années impaires sont des années Yin tandis ce que les années paires sont des années Yang. Le fonctionnement du Zodiaque Chinois est source de confusion, donc pour résumer... Les Chinois pensent que votre année de naissance ne représente pas votre âge mais plutôt votre position dans ce cycle de soixante ans. Les caractéristiques de l'animal, les adjonction du Yin et du Yang ainsi que les cinq éléments qui se combinent pour définir les « bonnes » années et les « mauvaises », la « bonne fortune »et « l'infortune » le « mauvais » ou le « bon » âge , ainsi que tous les autres détails de la vie, ont permis au Zodiaque Chinois de devenir un puissant outil utilisé pour déterminer le destin. | Mid | [
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Imports System.Globalization Imports System.Windows Imports System.Windows.Controls Imports System.Windows.Media Namespace SDKSample Friend Class Snippets Public Shared Sub SnippetSetEdgeMode(ByVal myVisual As Visual) '<SnippetSetEdgeMode> ' Set the edge mode to aliased for the visual and any descendant drawing primitives it has. RenderOptions.SetEdgeMode(CType(myVisual, DependencyObject), EdgeMode.Aliased) '</SnippetSetEdgeMode> End Sub Public Shared Sub SnippetGetRenderTier() '<SnippetRenderTierSnippet1> Dim currentRenderTier As Integer = RenderCapability.Tier '</SnippetRenderTierSnippet1> End Sub Public Shared Sub SnippetRenderOrder() Dim drawingVisual As New DrawingVisual() '<SnippetRenderOrderSnippet1> ' Retrieve the DrawingContext in order to draw into the visual object. Dim drawingContext As DrawingContext = drawingVisual.RenderOpen() ' Draw a rectangle into the DrawingContext. Dim rect As New Rect(New Point(160, 100), New Size(320, 80)) drawingContext.DrawRectangle(Brushes.LightBlue, CType(Nothing, Pen), rect) ' Draw a formatted text string into the DrawingContext. drawingContext.DrawText(New FormattedText("Hello, world", CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-us"), FlowDirection.LeftToRight, New Typeface("Verdana"), 36, Brushes.Black), New Point(200, 116)) ' Persist the drawing content. drawingContext.Close() '</SnippetRenderOrderSnippet1> End Sub End Class End Namespace | High | [
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So much for the Super Bowl 50 win. Gary Kubiak and the Denver Broncos are on to 2016. Hopefully they got time to savor the win over the last two and a half weeks. But you can bet Kubiak has spent some (most) of that time prepping for the NFL Combine and free agency on March 9. The work of a NFL coach never stops. With the start of the combine on Wednesday in Indianapolis, Kubiak spoke with the media for the first time since the season-ending news conference before the Super Bowl parade. Let's clear this out of the way: Kubiak toed the company line on both Brock Osweiler and Peyton Manning. On Osweiler: "I think he has a bright future. Obviously we think the world of him. We want him to be a part of our football team. He's been real special with the job he's done this year. I think he's grown a great deal." On Manning: "Once again, it's about him taking his time to work through things and think through things. There is no hurry here. I want him to enjoy what just took place. We'll go from there." Broncos keep saying they want PFM to take his time. Privately they're like, "Let's goooo. Hurry up already!" #troof — Vic Lombardi (@VicLombardi) February 24, 2016 In terms of Manning, there is a hurry. John Elway and the Broncos can't/won't have Manning's cap number on the books. So if he hasn't made a decision by March 8, Denver will have to release him. The real news out of Kubiak's news conference was twofold: his thoughts on the Broncos offensive line and running backs. There has been rampant speculation Denver has to address the line through free agency and/or the NFL Draft. That doesn't sound different than the last two offseasons. But is this year different? The real news out of Kubiak's news conference was twofold: his thoughts on the Broncos offensive line and running backs. Since the Broncos have used their first-round pick on defense since Elway became executive vice president, it would buck the trend. "We went through a great deal - a lot of tough times this year," he said. "You guys know that. Worked on tackles four and five through most of the year. I think with the situation we went through, we had to move some guys around. Evan (Mathis) and (Louis) Lou (Vasquez) were beat up a great deal of time. "I would think of it this way. First of all, I think we're young, and so I like our future from that standpoint. At the same time, we feel like we definitely have to improve. Does that make it a high priority? I don't know. We're going prepare for this draft at every position just like we do each and every year. Obviously, it's a position that we feel like we need to improve upon offensively." Kubiak: Sambrailo is expected to be ready when OTAs begin. — Andrew Mason (@MaseDenver) February 24, 2016 The other option to help the offensive line get better is free agency, if Elway decides to go that route. A lot will depend on what happens with Osweiler and Malik Jackson, plus the restructures and releases. At the very least, fans know the Broncos know they need to improve the group. How they go about that will play out over the next two weeks. Tied with the offensive line is the running back position. Some have said Elway will look to get one of the free agent backs or draft one. With Ronnie Hillman a free agent, it would be a surprise if he returns. "I've got to get all of my ducks in a row here," Kubiak said. "Both those guys (Hillman & C.J. Anderson) did a really good job for us. Juwan (Thompson) had some injuries for us. I think he's got a bright future. We've got a young man on our practice squad, Kapri Bibbs, who I think fits what we want to do. "We've got four good young players, and hopefully Ronnie is still part of that. We'll go from there. I thought we got better as the season went along. Keeping C.J. healthy I think is the key moving forward." Kubiak: "Right back to work. ... It's the [@NFL] -- everyone's getting better. That's why we're here this week." pic.twitter.com/fiXjOZYDFB — Denver Broncos (@Broncos) February 24, 2016 Obviously, Kubiak likes the depth he has at the position. No doubt when Hillman doesn't return they will need someone to take his place. But the most telling part of that quote was at the end. The way to keep Anderson healthy is improved play from the offensive line. That most important part of the offseason for the Broncos. The defense won't change that much, even if Jackson and Danny Trevathan don't return. The key pieces are still there. But if the offensive line play gets better for Denver, there isn't so much pressure on the defense to do it all. Namely that would allow the offense to run the football and eat yards and time off the clock. As well improve in the red zone. The stuff with Osweiler and Manning will play out. For the Broncos to have a similar finish to the one it got two and a half weeks ago, an improved offensive line will increase the likelihood that happens. | Mid | [
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TI pushes pillar flip-chip for next-gen ICs SAN JOSE, Calif. -- Texas Instruments Inc. said that it will no longer use traditional wirebonding techniques for devices at the 45-/40-nm node and below, as the workhorse chip-packaging technology is fast running out of gas for leading-edge designs. TI (Dallas) will continue to use wirebonding for devices above 45-/40-nm. But for those nodes and below, TI is embracing an emerging technology called fine-pitch copper pillar flip-chip packages. The company is jointly working with IC-packaging specialist Amkor Technology Inc. as part of a long-term collaboration in the arena. To move down the process path, the industry mainly talks about chip scaling and integration. “As an industry, we’ve over-integrated,’’ said Tom Thorpe, vice president and manager of External Development and Manufacturing at TI. To enable next-generation designs, chip-packaging is now playing a more critical role in the IC flow, Thorpe said. Technologies like fine-pitch copper pillar flip chip packages will enable a new class of application processors, digital signal processors and power management devices, he added. In fact, for some time, TI has quietly been shipping its early baseband OMAP processors based on pillar flip-chip. For decades, though, IC makers like TI have used cost-effective and workhorse wirebonders for use in packaging. Chip makers will continue to use wirebonders for the foreseeable future, but these systems are hitting the wall at the leading-edge, possibly at the 45-nm node. One of the ongoing problems is that wirebonding tends to stress and damage the low-k dielectric interconnects in leading-edge IC designs. There are also performance issues with packages using wirebonders. As a result, TI and other chip makers are looking at alternative packaging techniques. In fact, it has been widely known for about two years that TI is moving away from wirebonders for leading-edge designs only, he said. “At 45-nm, we won’t use anymore wirebonders,’’ he said. TI will continue to use wirebonders for parts at above 45-nm, it was noted. To enable ''fine-pitch’’ technologies at the 45-/40-nm node and beyond, TI evaluated three chip-packaging technologies: copper pillar flip chip and two types of gold studded techniques. Traditional solder-based flip-chip was not in the cards. For years, chip makers have used traditional solder-based flip-chip technology for leading-edge processors, graphics chips and other products. The trouble with solder-based flip-chip is that the technology hits the wall at 150 micron pitches. ''150-micron pitch is the leading edge,’’ said Mark Gerber, manager of TI’s worldwide copper pillar program. Ultimately, for leading-edge ICs, TI selected fine-pitch copper pillar flip-chip packages, which are said to shrink bump pitch up to 300 percent compared to current solder bump flip chip technology. Capable of pad structures of less than 50 microns, the technology also boosts performance, making it ideal for wireless and embedded processing applications, according to TI. This lead-free technology makes use of a newly developed assembly process. The fine pitch flip chip layout design methodology typically reduces substrate layer count as compared to standard area array flip chip, yielding a low-cost package solution. The fine pitch flip chip package was developed for very thin die, which, when combined with the low standoff height of the copper pillar bump itself, reduces package height. “As chip I/O density increases with each process node, we had to find a way to decrease the distance between pins,” Thorpe said. “Working together, Amkor and TI rapidly developed, qualified and deployed a new package platform that will not only address TI’s flip chip package needs for the next decade but will also serve as a game changer for the industry. This new packaging technology will drive down the size and cost of semiconductors while boosting performance -- a win for TI, Amkor and our customers.” ''We are committed to partnering with TI in applying this new technology on chip scale packages (CSP), conventional package on package (PoP), and next generation PoP configurations,” said said Ken Joyce, president and CEO of Amkor Technology. Initial production of these packages will take place in Amkor’s plants. Over time, TI will produce these package types in its own factories. I'd like to hear a bit more about this in terms of the practical use of the parts. It's interesting in terms of cost savings and performance improvements but the use of the part is an important consideration too. Ti's OMAP processor ends up on a 0.4mm pitch BGA package. That means tighter space and trace limits for the PCB layout as well as vias in the BGA land pads (please fill and plate the vias in the pads). Expect to see this leading to even smaller pitches on the components. I haven't yet seen a 0.3mm pitch part I have heard that they are on the way. Don't confuse the IC bump pitch with the package bump pitch. Current production IC's are often in the 150 to 250 micron pitch range, while it sounds like this will be closer to 50 microns! That's going to really challenge probe cards, since even 80 micron area array is tough to pull off these days. Often the package can be used as the space transformer for the probe head. Tricky stuff though... Of course this works for 1 up.. Multi-up represents a new challenge. Finally, they haven't talked about the substrate, which is really the enabler. Finer pitch probably means no solder mask, Sn cap, and 1 or 2 mil traces.. Cool stuff. There aren't that many places that can pull that off. | High | [
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