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"Temma Harbour" is a song written by Robert Anson, under the pseudonym Philamore Lincoln, who released it on his album The North Wind Blew South in January 1970. The song refers to an inlet of the same name on the island of Tasmania.
The song is better known for the version by Welsh folk singer Mary Hopkin, also released in January 1970. It was her first single on Apple Records not to be produced by Paul McCartney, but instead by Mickie Most, who also rearranged the song. It peaked at number 6 on the UK Singles Chart and number 39 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Cash Box said that "a bit of folk, and just a taste of the steel-band touch hidden in strings makes this a refreshing change from the ballad norm." Billboard called it an "infectious rhythm item." Record World predicted that "Temma Harbour" would replicate the success of her previous two singles.
The B-side, "Lontano Dagli Occhi", was written by Sergio Endrigo and Sergio Bardotti and Hopkin's performance had finished in second place at the Sanremo Music Festival in early 1969. Cash Box called it a "striking side with 'Moonlight Sonata' traces and an excellent vocal."
Track listing
"Temma Harbour" – 3:20
"Lontano Dagli Occhi" – 3:21
Charts
References
Mary Hopkin songs
1970 singles
1970 songs
Apple Records singles
Song recordings produced by Mickie Most |
Trochaclis calva is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ataphridae, the pyrams and their allies.
References
External links
To World Register of Marine Species
Ataphridae
Gastropods described in 1995 |
The British Consul General in New York is head of the British Consulate General in New York, United States, which provide services to British nationals living in and visiting New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Fairfield County in Connecticut.
The office predates 1857 and played a critical role when the capitol of the United States was New York. One of the earliest Consuls-General was Thomas Henry Barclay, a native New Yorker who was a Loyalist during the American Revolution who later served the Crown as a resident of Nova Scotia. He served as Consul-General in New York from 1799 (to 1822), replacing Sir John Temple, the first Consul-General and also native born to North America.
The consulate is located in an office block at 845 Third Avenue, New York.
On March 15, 2019 the British Government acquired a penthouse in 50 United Nations Plaza, for their trade commissioner for North America and consul general in New York, Antony Phillipson, for $16m.
Consuls-General of the United Kingdom in New York
1857–1883: Sir Edward Archibald Consul from 1857 Consul-General from 1871
1883–1894: Sir William Booker
1894–1907: Sir Percy Sanderson
1907–1915: Sir Courtenay Bennett
1915–1919: Charles Bayley
1919: Wilfred Thesiger appointed but did not proceed
1920–1931: Sir Gloster Armstrong
1931–1938: Sir Gerald Campbell
1938–1944: Sir Godfrey Haggard
1944–1950: Sir Francis Evans
1951–1953: Sir Henry Hobson
1953–1957: Sir Francis Rundall
1957–1960: Sir Hugh Stephenson
1960–1964: Sir Alan Williams
1964–1966: Sir Stanley Tomlinson
1966–1971: Sir Anthony Rouse
1971–1975: John Ford
1975–1980: Sir Gordon Booth
1980–1983: Sir Hugh Overton
1983–1986: Sir Francis Kennedy
1986–1988: Sir James Mellon
1989–1991: Sir Gordon Jewkes
1991–1996: Sir Alistair Hunter
1996–1999: Jeffrey Ling
1999–2004: Sir Thomas Harris
2004–2007: Sir Philip Thomas
2007–2011: Sir Alan Collins
2011–2016: Danny Lopez
2016–2017: Antonia Romeo
2017–2021: Antony Phillipson
2021–present: Emma Wade-Smith
References
External links
British Consulate General New York, gov.uk
Consuls-General, New York
New York
United Kingdom |
A 45 rpm adapter (also 45 rpm record insert, 45 rpm spindle adapter, 7-inch adapter or spider, the common size of 45 RPM records) is a small plastic or metal insert that goes in the middle of a 45-rpm record so it can be played on the standard size spindle of a turntable. The adapter could be a small solid circle that fits onto the spindle (meaning only one 45 could be played at a time) or a larger adapter that fits over the entire spindle of a record changer, permitting a stack of 45s to be played. These are often referred to as 45 spindles. A few manufacturers supplied a complete change of spindle for 45s.
The first 45 rpm inserts were introduced by the Webster-Chicago Corporation, also known as Webcor. They were made of solid zinc, difficult to insert into a record and almost impossible to remove without breaking the disc. A differently shaped, but similarly difficult-to-use metal adapter was made by Fidelitone. Capitol Records for a time produced what they called "Optional Center" or "O.C. 45" records. These had a triangular section molded in with an LP-size spindle hole that could be punched out for playing on 45 rpm spindles. Some EMI and other British records have a similar feature. The EMI version is circular, with four small notches holding the center part onto the rest of the record.
The Spider
The former RCA Corporation introduced a snap-in plastic insert known as a spider to make 45 rpm records compatible with the smaller spindle size of a rpm LP record player. Commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, spiders were prevalent in the 1960s and sold tens of millions per year. The Hutchison adapter included small bumps called "drive pins," which locked the adapters together while revolving, thus preventing the stacked records from slipping against each other. Several manufacturers made "spider" adapters in slightly varying shapes and many different colors, though yellow and red were most frequently used.
The SX2
The SX2 and The Extender were designed and manufactured by Mark McLaughlan between the early 1980s and early 1990s. McLaughlan, a Boston area nightclub DJ, came up with the design to make 7" discs easier to handle when mixing. The original design (The Extender) was made up of a platter die-cut from sheets of plastic that McLaughlan would drive on the hood of his car from the supplier in Cambridge, MA to the die-cutter in Ipswich, MA. He would then do the final assembly (bonding a lathe cut acrylic center and a foam pad) and packaging by hand. The SX2 (Single Extender, Rev 2) was manufactured by plastic injection at Spirit, Inc. in Wakefield, Massachusetts. One of the main design revisions, required was a series of 'ribs' on the underside of the platter to prevent warping from the extreme changes in temperature during the manufacturing process. A raised barrier was also added to contain the head in the event of miscuing and a polished surface inside the barrier to minimize damage to the stylus. Due to its limited manufacturing run the SX2 has become a sought after rarity among pro DJs.
Gallery
References
Recorded music |
The 2018 Sky Blue FC season was the team's ninth season as a professional women's soccer team. Sky Blue FC plays in the National Women's Soccer League, the top tier of women's soccer in the United States. Sky Blue had a difficult season in 2018 as they finished in last place. They went 23 games without winning a game, setting the mark for the longest winless streak in NWSL history. Sky Blue finally won on September 8 as they beat the Orlando Pride 1-0 in their final game of the 2018 season.
There were numerous reports of off-field issues that came out after former Sky Blue player Sam Kerr spoke to the media following the Sky Blue vs Chicago game on July 7. Reports of poor management and training facilities as well as housing, travel, and transportation issues were also reported, and were believed to be contributing factors to the team's poor performance on the field.
Team
First-team roster
Source: Sky Blue FC
Match results
Preseason
Regular season
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Honors and awards
NWSL Yearly Awards
NWSL Rookie of the Year
NWSL Team of the Year
NWSL Weekly Awards
NWSL Player of the Week
NWSL Save of the Week
NWSL Goal of the Week
Player transactions
2018 NWSL College Draft
Source: National Women's Soccer League
In
Out
See also
2018 National Women's Soccer League season
2018 in American soccer
Notes
References
Match reports (preseason)
Match reports (regular season)
External links
Sky Blue FC
Sky Blue FC
NJ/NY Gotham FC seasons
Sky Blue FC |
Gjergj Zheji (1926 – June 10, 2010) was a writer, translator, editor, sequence and folklore researcher, professor.
Life
Gergj Zheji is the son of Spiro Ballo originally from Zhej of Zagoria and Theodora Petridhi. His father, a military officer educated in Italy during Albanian Kingdom, later promoted to Major-Colonel. Spiro Ballo was invited from Spiro Moisiu to take part in the resistance against the Germans. He was persecuted in the late 40s by the communist regime, and seized property in the Tirana.
Gjergj was graduated from "Qemal Stafa" High School and further he followed biennial Pedagogical Institute in Tirana. He worked as a teacher in "Petro Nini Luarasi" High School, editor on criticism sector of the "November" Magazine of the League of writers and Artists. Then as librettist in Theater of Opera and Ballet. Start working as a lecturer at the Faculty of History and Philology, as a professor and rector of the Academy of Fine Arts. He founded the publishing house "Plejad".
Work
Zheji has made significant contributions in several areas, and was the first researcher who conducted a monograph on the life of Andon Zako Çajupi.
Among the literary works translated by George Zheji, mentioned "Rinoceronti" by Eugène Ionesco, "Tales of Tsar Sultan" by Alexander Pushkin, "Metaphysics of love" from Arthur Schopenhauer, "Existentialism is a humanism" of Jean-Paul Sartre, "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" of Mark Twain, etc. He has given a great contribution to many anthology books of modern Albanian literature and beyond, to Reading Literature.
Publishing
Muret e Krujës (Kruja Walls)
Rusha
Pupagjeli and his friends, with illustrations by Zef Bumçi.
Fundamentals of Albanian sequence
Sources
Albanian writers
1926 births
2010 deaths |
Sooglossus is a genus of sooglossid frogs found in the Seychelles.
Species
There are two species recognised in the genus Sooglossus:
Seychelles frog (Sooglossus sechellensis)
Thomasset's Seychelles frog (Sooglossus thomasseti)
References
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger |
The Battle of Haarlemmermeer was a naval engagement fought on 26 May 1573, during the early stages of the Dutch War of Independence. It was fought on the waters of the Haarlemmermeer – a large lake which at the time was a prominent feature of North Holland (it would be drained in the 19th century).
A Spanish fleet and a fleet belonging to the city of Amsterdam (at the time still loyal to Spain), commanded by the Count of Bossu, fought a fleet of rebellious Dutch Geuzen, commanded by Marinus Brandt, who were trying to break the siege of Haarlem. After several hours of fighting, the Geuzen were forced to retreat.
Trivia
Amsterdam Schiphol Airport is situated in what used to be the Haarlemmermeer.
Citations and notes
References
Naval battles of the Eighty Years' War
Conflicts in 1573
1573 in the Habsburg Netherlands
Eighty Years' War (1566–1609) |
Mohammed Erzuah Siam is a Ghanaian politician and a member of the Second Parliament of the Fourth Republic representing the Akwatia Constituency in the Eastern Region of Ghana.
Early life
Siam was born in the Eastern Region of Ghana, Akwatia.
Career
Siam was a Senior Community Relations Officer of Volta River Authority. He is a former member of Parliament for the Akwatia Constituency in the Eastern Region of Ghana.
Politics
Siam was first elected into Parliament on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress during the December 1996 Ghanaian General Election for the Akwatia Constituency in the Eastern Region of Ghana. He polled 22,140 votes out of the 38,701 valid votes cast 52.90% over his opponents Francis A. Y. Agyare-Bray who polled 30.60%, Ernest Kwame Ampofo who polled 2,240 votes and Joseph Kofi Asiedu who polled 1,506 votes.
References
Living people
Government ministers of Ghana
Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001
21st-century Ghanaian politicians
Politicians from Eastern Region (Ghana)
National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
NKX may refer to:
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar (IATA airport code NKX), Miramar, San Diego, California, USA
NKX-homeodomain factor
nkx (trigraph)
See also
WNKX (disambiguation); including callsign NKX in region W
KNKX, a radio station with callsign NKX in region K |
Colombia competed at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea. 17 competitors from Colombia won no medals and so did not place in the medal table.
See also
Colombia at the Paralympics
Colombia at the 1988 Summer Olympics
References
Nations at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
1988
Summer Paralympics |
Igneous petrology is the study of igneous rocks—those that are formed from magma. As a branch of geology, igneous petrology is closely related to volcanology, tectonophysics, and petrology in general. The modern study of igneous rocks utilizes a number of techniques, some of them developed in the fields of chemistry, physics, or other earth sciences. Petrography, crystallography, and isotopic studies are common methods used in igneous petrology.
Methods
Determination of chemical composition
The composition of igneous rocks and minerals can be determined via a variety of methods of varying ease, cost, and complexity. The simplest method is observation of hand samples with the naked eye and/or with a hand lens. This can be used to gauge the general mineralogical composition of the rock, which gives an insight into the composition. A more precise but still relatively inexpensive way to identify minerals (and thereby the bulk chemical composition of the rock) with a petrographic microscope. These microscopes have polarizing plates, filters, and a conoscopic lens that allow the user to measure a variety of crystallographic properties. Another method for determining mineralogy is to use X-ray diffraction, in which a powdered sample is bombarded by X-rays, and the resultant spectrum of crystallographic orientations is compared to a set of standards. One of the most precise ways of determining chemical composition is by the use of an electron microprobe, in which tiny spots of materials are sampled. Electron microprobe analyses can detect both bulk composition and trace element composition.
Dating methods
The dating of igneous rocks determines when magma solidified into rock. Radiogenic isotopes are frequently used to determine the age of igneous rocks.
Potassium–argon dating
In this dating method the amount of 40Ar trapped in a rock is compared to the amount of 40K in the rock to calculate the amount of time 40K must have been decaying in the solid rock to produce all 40Ar that would have otherwise not have been present there.
Rubidium–strontium dating
The rubidium–strontium dating is based on the natural decay of 87Rb to 87Sr and the different behaviour of these elements during fractional crystallization of magma. Both Sr and Rb are found in most magmas; however, as fractional crystallization occurs, Sr will tend to be concentrated in plagioclase crystals while Rb will remain in the melt for a longer time. 87Rb decays in magma and elsewhere so that every 1.42×1011 years half of the amount has been converted into 87Sr. Knowing the decay constant and the amount of 87Rb and 87Sr in a rock it is possible to calculate the time that the 87Rb must have needed before the rock reached closure temperature to produce all 87Sr, yet considering that there was an initial 87Sr amount not produced by 87Rb in the magmatic body. Initial values of 87Sr, when the magma started fractional crystallization, might be estimated by knowing the amounts of 87Rb and 87Sr of two igneous rocks produced at different times by the same magmatic body.
Other methods
Stratigraphic principles may be useful to determine the relative age of volcanic rocks. Tephrochronology is the most common application of stratigraphic dating on volcanic rocks.
Thermobarometry methods
In petrology the mineral clinopyroxene is used for temperature and pressure calculations of the magma that produced igneous rock containing this mineral. Clinopyroxene thermobarometry is one of several geothermobarometers. Two things make this method especially useful: first, clinopyroxene is a common phenocryst in igneous rocks easy to identify; and secondly, the crystallization of the jadeite component of clinopyroxene implies a growth in molar volume being thus a good indicator of pressure.
Thermochronometry
Publications
Most contemporary ground breaking in igneous petrology has been published in prestigious American and British scientific journals of worldwide circulation such as Science and Nature. Study material, overviews of certain topics and older works are often found as books. Many works before the plate tectonics paradigm shift in the 1960s and 1970s contains inaccurate information regarding the origin of magmas.
Notable igneous petrologists
Norman L. Bowen
Nicolas Desmarest
Louis Cordier
Harry von Eckermann
Antoine Lacroix
Akiho Miyashiro
Paul Niggli
Hans Ramberg
Jakob Sederholm
Albert Streckeisen
Marjorie Wilson
Peter John Wyllie
Lawrence Wager
References
Igneous rocks |
Dul Hasti is a 390 MW hydroelectric power plant in Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, India built by NHPC. The power plant is a run-of-the-river type on the Chenab River, in a rugged, mountainous section of the Himalayas, and several hundred kilometers from larger cities in the Jammu Division. It consists of a tall gravity dam which diverts water through a long headrace tunnel to the power station which discharges back into the Chenab. The project provides peaking power to the Northern Grid with beneficiary states being Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh. It was constructed between 1985 and 2007.
Design
The Dul Hasti Hydro-Electric Project (HEP) involves a dam and a tunnel ending in a power plant at a bend in the Chenab River in the vicinity of Kishtwar. The dam is located at the village of Dul and the power plant at the village of Hasti, giving the name "Dul Hasti" to the project. The drop in the elevation between Dul and Hasti gives a hydraulic head of for power generation.
The Dam is 65 m high and 186 m long. It is equipped with low-level gated spillways which can be used to flush silt load.
Background
Begun in 1985, the Dulhasti Power project, set in the northern Indian provinces of Jammu and Kashmir, represents an example of a disaster in project cost estimation and delivery. As initially conceived, the project's cost was estimated at 1.6 billion rupees (about $50 million). By the time the contract was let, the cost estimate had risen to 4.5 billion rupees and later successively to 8, 11, 16, and 24 billion rupees (nearly $750 million). The project became operational on 7 April 2007 and has been generating over 2000 Million Units of electricity per year.
Contracting and design
The contract for the power generation project was first awarded to a French consortium at a price of $50 million, who almost immediately asked for an upward price revision.
The site was intended to capitalize on the proximity to a large river systems capable of providing the water capacity needed to run a hydroelectric plant of Dulhasti's dimensions. Unfortunately, the site selected for the project came with some serious drawbacks as well. First, it was sited in the disputed border region between Pakistan and India. Jammu and Kashmir have been the epicenter of numerous and serious clashes between separatist forces demanding independence and Indian army . Constructing such an obvious target as a power plant in the disputed area was sure to provoke reaction by militant groups, using it as their chief means of opposition. Thus, the additional costs of providing security to the site quickly became prohibitively expensive. A second problem concerns the sheer geographical challenge of creating a large plant in a region almost totally devoid of supporting infrastructure, including an adequate logistics network (roads and rail lines). Building the plant in the foothills of the Himalayas may be scenic, but it is not cost effective, particularly as almost all supplies had to be brought in with air transportation, at exorbitant costs. All raw materials, including cement, wood, stone, and steel, had to be hauled by helicopter for miles over snowbound areas.Now it is the source of electricity for most of the states and the city.
See also
Ratle Hydroelectric Plant – under construction downstream
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Undue favours shown to French consortium in awarding Dulhasti Hydro-electric project, India Today, 31 March 1990.
Escalating costs, militant attacks stall ambitious Rs 1,100 crore power project in Kashmir, India Today, 30 September 1994.
Jaiprakash Ind Bags Civil Work Contract For Dulhasti, Business Standard, 2 January 1997.
Work resumes at India’s delayed Dul Hasti project, NS Energy, 10 June 1998.
Minister requests speeding up of Dulhasti project, Water Power & Dam Construction, 22 November 2005.
M. M. Madan, Longitudinal Joints in Dams- Some Case Studies, MMM Hydropower blogspot, retrieved 7 June 2021.
Hydroelectric power stations in Jammu and Kashmir
Dams in Jammu and Kashmir
Dams on the Chenab River
Run-of-the-river power stations
Dams completed in 2007
Energy infrastructure completed in 2007
Kishtwar district
2007 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir |
Oncideres albopicta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 1990. It is known from Peru.
References
albopicta
Beetles described in 1990 |
Taner Gülleri (born 29 April 1976) is a Turkish football coach and former player.
Career
Gülleri was the top scorer of the TFF First League in 2008 with 21 goals.
References
1976 births
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Süper Lig players
Adana Demirspor footballers
Kocaelispor footballers
Antalyaspor footballers
Kayserispor footballers
Sakaryaspor footballers
Bursaspor footballers
Sportspeople from Adana
Turkish football managers
Kartal S.K. managers
Men's association football forwards |
The Raffaello MPLM, also known as MPLM-2, was one of three Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules which were operated by NASA to transfer supplies and equipment to and from the International Space Station. Raffaello was used for four of twelve MPLM flights to the space station, with Leonardo being used for the remainder. It was first launched on 19 April 2001, aboard the STS-100 mission flown by , and made its third flight in July 2005, aboard Discovery on STS-114. Raffaellos final flight was aboard on the STS-135 mission, the last flight of the Space Shuttle.
In April 2023, Raffaello was transferred to Axiom Space to be repurposed and flown as part of the Axiom Orbital Segment.
Construction
Like the other Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules, Raffaello was constructed by the Italian Space Agency, who chose to name it after the painter and architect Raffaello Sanzio. The module was constructed in the late 1990s, and delivered to NASA at the Kennedy Space Center in August 1999.
Flights
See also
Permanent Multipurpose Module
Leonardo MPLM
References
MPLM-2
Space hardware returned to Earth intact
Spacecraft launched in 2011
Raphael |
The hippocampus proper refers to the actual structure of the hippocampus which is made up of three regions or subfields. The subfields CA1, CA2, and CA3 use the initials of cornu Ammonis, an earlier name of the hippocampus.
Structure
There are four hippocampal subfields, regions in the hippocampus proper which form a neural circuit called the trisynaptic circuit.
CA1
CA1 is the first region in the hippocampal circuit, from which a major output pathway goes to layer V of the entorhinal cortex. Another significant output is to the subiculum.
CA2
CA2 is a small region located between CA1 and CA3. It receives some input from layer II of the entorhinal cortex via the perforant path. Its pyramidal cells are more like those in CA3 than those in CA1. It is often ignored due to its small size.
CA3
CA3 receives input from the mossy fibers of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus, and also from cells in the entorhinal cortex via the perforant path. The mossy fiber pathway ends in the stratum lucidum. The perforant path passes through the stratum lacunosum and ends in the stratum moleculare. There are also inputs from the medial septum and from the diagonal band of Broca which terminate in the stratum radiatum, along with commisural connections from the other side of the hippocampus.
The pyramidal cells in CA3 send some axons back to the dentate gyrus hilus, but they mostly project to regions CA2 and CA1 via the Schaffer collaterals. There are also a significant number of recurrent connections that terminate in CA3. Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal area in a dorsal direction from the originating cells. CA3 also sends a small set of output fibers to the lateral septum.
The region is conventionally divided into three divisions. CA3a is the part of the cell band that is most distant from the dentate (and closest to CA1). CA3b is the middle part of the band nearest to the fimbria and fornix connection. CA3c is nearest to the dentate, inserting into the hilus. CA3 overall, has been considered to be the “pacemaker” of the hippocampus. Much of the synchronous bursting activity associated with interictal epileptiform activity appears to be generated in CA3. Its excitatory collateral connectivity seems to be mostly responsible for this. CA3 uniquely, has pyramidal cell axon collaterals that ramify extensively with local regions and make excitatory contacts with them. CA3 has been implicated in a number of working theories on memory and hippocampal learning processes. Slow oscillatory rhythms (theta-band; 3–8 Hz) are cholinergically driven patterns that depend on coupling of interneurons and pyramidal cell axons via gap junctions, as well as glutaminergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) synapses. Sharp EEG waves seen here are also implicated in memory consolidation.
CA4
CA4 is a misleading term introduced by Lorente de Nó (1934). He observed that the pyramidal layer of the CA3 was continuous with polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus and that the "modified pyramids" (later known as mossy cells (Amaral, 1978)) had Schaffer collaterals similar to CA3 pyramdidal cells. Amaral (1978) showed that the mossy cells in the CA4 of Lorente de Nó did not have schaffer collaterals and that they in contrast to pyramidal cells project to the inner molecular layer of the DG and not to CA1. The same author thus concluded that the term CA4 should be abandoned and that the zone should be regarded as the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus (the area dentata of Blackstad (1956)). The polymorphic layer is often called the hilus or hilar region (Amaral, 2007). The neurons in the polymorphic layer, including mossy cells and GABAergic interneurons, primarily receive inputs from the granule cells in the dentate gyrus in the form of mossy fibers and project to the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus via the associational/commissural projection .
They also receive a small number of connections from pyramidal cells in CA3. They, in turn, project back into the dentate gyrus at distant septotemporal levels.
Additional images
References
Hippocampus (brain) |
Robert Laing may refer to:
Robert W. Laing, British production designer, art director and set decorator
Robert Laing (badminton) (born 1999), Scottish para badminton player |
Unterammergau is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in Bavaria, Germany. It is the site of the 11th-century Chapel of St Leonhard, patron saint of horses, which is the terminus of the annual Leonhardritt and Blessing of the Animals.
Transport
The municipality has a railway station, , on the Ammergau Railway.
See also
Oberammergau
Blessing of animals
References
External links
Official site
Tourism site
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district) |
Andrew Lewis (born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire on 14 May 1963) is a British composer known mainly for his acousmatic music, that is, electroacoustic music heard only over loudspeakers, though he also composes some chamber and orchestral music.
Education
He studied music at the University of Birmingham in England, first as an undergraduate (1981–84), then as a postgraduate studying composition with Jonty Harrison. It was during this time that he became one of the original members of BEAST, performing electroacoustic music throughout the United Kingdom under Harrison's direction. After gaining a PhD in 1992 he worked briefly in the Music department at the University of Surrey (England) (1992–93) before becoming lecturer at the Bangor University (Wales). He is currently a Professor of music there, as well as directing the work of the Electroacoustic Music Studios and Electroacoustic WALES, which performs electroacoustic and acousmatic music.
Music
Much of his acousmatic music displays an interest in the abstraction of unseen and unrecognisable sounds, an approach particularly strongly evident in earlier works such as Arrivals (1987) and Time and Fire (1991). However, with the composition of Scherzo (1992) a parallel concern with the anecdotal and pictorial possibilities of recognisable sounds began to emerge, and much of his subsequent work plays on the tensions between these two approaches. Since moving to Wales, much of the evocation of image in his music relates to the landscape of the area in which he lives and works. Ascent (1994) evokes the wildness of the mountain landscape of Snowdonia, which was awarded a ‘Euphonie d’Or’ by the Bourges electroacoustic music competition, as one of the most notable former prizewinning works between 1975 and 2005. More recently the cycle of works Four Anglesey Beaches (1999-2003) takes as its inspiration the seascapes and coastal locations of the area.
Although very little music exists for conventional forces, there have been a few notable exceptions in recent years: Eclipse (orchestra, 2004) was premiered under Elgar Howarth in 2004, while in the same year Tempo Reale (string quartet, 2004) was chosen by Sir Peter Maxwell Davies for a performance in London's Wigmore Hall.
A handful of writings on the analysis of electroacoustic music also exist, in particular ‘Francis Dhomont’s Novars’, Journal of New Music Research, Vol. 27 (1998), No. 1–2, pp. 67–83.
Works
The Song of Five Anger, acousmatic (1982)
Empire canons, two trumpets (1982)
Logos, acousmatic (1983)
Quad, four clarinets (1983)
Sonnerie aux morts, acousmatic (1984)
La Corona, ensemble (1984)
Adagio, acousmatic (1985)
Rond'eau, acousmatic (1985)
FM, music theatre for solo guitarist (1985)
Principles of Flight, shakuhachi and electroacoustic sounds (1986, rev. 1991)
MARanaTHA, four amplified voices and live electronics (1986)
Storm-song, piano and electroacoustic sounds (1987)
Arrivals, acousmatic (1987)
...a cord of three strands..., ensemble, computer and live electronics (1988)
Time and Fire, acousmatic (1990)
Changes, flute, viola and harp (1990)
Tracking, piano trio (1990)
int/EXT, harpsichord and electroacoustic sounds (1991)
PulseRates (with BEAST), acousmatic (1991)
Scherzo, acousmatic (1992, revised 1993)
Ascent, acousmatic (1994, revised 1997)
Eclipse, orchestra (1996, rev. 2004)
môr(G)wyn, acousmatic (1996)
Cân, acousmatic (1997)
Nunc dimittis, boys' choir and organ (1998)
Cable Bay, acousmatic (1999)
CHROMA - Thema, flute (alto flute), oboe, horn, trombone, viola, harp (1999)
Shadow Play, small orchestra (1999)
Tempo Reale, string quartet (1999, rev. 2004)
Dawns, harp and electroacoustic sounds (2000)
Jeux d'ombres, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and piano (2000)
double (fragment), 2fl, 2ob, 2clt (2bcl), hn, 2pno, 2vln, vla, vlc, elec bs (2001)
double (serenâd), 2 ob, 2 cl, 2 basset hn, 2 bsn, 4 hn, cb (2002)
Penmon Point, acousmatic (2003)
Llanddwyn Skies, acousmatic (2003)
Benllech Shells, acousmatic (2003)
'Budo' Variations, trumpet, percussion and computer (2006)
Danses acousmatiques, acousmatic (2007)
Schattenklavier, piano and computer (2009)
X-over, piano or toy piano (2009)
Number Nine Dream, orchestra (2010)
Vox Populi, interactive installation (2011)
Vox Dei, 8 amplified voices and live processing (2011)
Dark Glass, acousmatic (2011)
Tantana, acousmatic (2011)
Air, bassoon and computer (2012)
Lexicon, acousmatic with video (2012)
Il re lunaire, fl, cl, vl, vc, vib, pno (2013)
References
Computer Music Journal, Vol 24 Issue 1 (MIT Press), Austin L., 'Review, 29th Festival International des Musiques et Créations Electroniques
28 May-6 June 1999, Bourges, France'
‘Francis Dhomont’s Novars’, Journal of New Music Research, Vol. 27 (1998), No. 1–2, pp. 67–83
Roy S., 'L’analyse des musiques electroacoustiques: modeles et propositions' (L’Harmattan, Paris, January 2004)
External links
Sonic Arts Research Archive
Lewis's staff page at the University of Wales Bangor
1963 births
Living people
English composers
People from Sutton-in-Ashfield
Musicians from Nottinghamshire
Academics of the University of Surrey
Academics of Bangor University
Alumni of the University of Birmingham |
Ludwig Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics.
Boltzmann may also refer to:
24712 Boltzmann, a main-belt asteroid
the Boltzmann brain, a thought experiment
Boltzmann constant
Boltzmann (crater), an old lunar crater
Boltzmann distribution
Boltzmann equation
Boltzmann's entropy formula
Boltzmann relation
Stefan–Boltzmann law
Stefan–Boltzmann constant |
Kolessa is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Mykola Kolessa, Ukrainian composer and conductor
Lubka Kolessa, Ukrainian Canadian classical pianist
Filaret Kolessa, Ukrainian ethnographer, folklorist, and composer
Ukrainian-language surnames |
The 20º Corona Rally México, the third round of the 2006 World Rally Championship season took place from March 3–5, 2006.
Event
The event saw the first win of the season for Sébastien Loeb. After a spirited battle with Petter Solberg over the first two days - that saw both drivers suffering problems(Loeb losing power steering on stage 13 and Solberg's Subaru colliding with a dog) - Loeb eventually pulled clear to give the Belgian Kronos team their first WRC victory. Marcus Grönholm had a less successful event, suffering a crash on day one and having to rejoin the rally on day two under Superally rules.
Despite a twenty-minute penalty, he managed to pick up a point for eighth place. Manfred Stohl collected the final podium place with his Peugeot 307.
Results
Retirements
Xavier Pons - engine (SS8)
Fumio Nutahara - excluded (SS7)
Sebastián Beltrán - accident (SS8)
Gabriel Pozzo - differential (SS8)
Special stages
All dates and times are CST (UTC-6).
Championship standings after the event
Drivers' championship
Manufacturers' championship
References
External links
Results at eWRC.com
Results from the official site: WRC.com
Results at Jonkka's World Rally Archive
Mexico
Rally Mexico
Rally |
Sabana de la Mar National Airport was a small airfield serving Sabana de la Mar, Hato Mayor, northeast Dominican Republic, and was only used for emergency landings and private flights.
References
Airports in the Dominican Republic
Buildings and structures in Hato Mayor Province |
The North Princeton Developmental Center, formerly known as the New Jersey State Village for Epileptics, was a medical facility within Montgomery Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. The facility was home to a variety of mental health institutions throughout the years. In 2011, the former self-sustaining mental health village was slated for demolition to make space for a proposed county park. Demolition was completed in 2012 with plans to begin construction of the conceptual park in 2013. The facility garnered much notoriety over the past decades due to its "ghost town" appearance and mention in the popular book and periodical, "Weird N.J." Until its demolition, the former hospital was a popular place for "urban explorers" to explore, despite the buildings being unsafe (partially due to asbestos and lead paint contamination. Urban explorers were often met with resistance from law enforcement, as the site was prone to criminal activity, ranging from graffiti to arson. Prior to the demolition of the site, state and local governments have both made reasonable attempts to keep trespassers out, for example by sealing the entrances and windows of the property, though these methods proved to be relatively ineffective.
History
The facility came into existence in 1898 after former Governor Foster M. Voorhees signed a bill into law that established the New Jersey State Village for Epileptics. Intended to subvert the admittance of epileptic patients into insane asylums and other unnecessarily harsh environments, the State Village for Epileptics offered this group a much more supportive and decent atmosphere in which they could thrive. The State Village was designed to be a completely autonomous community; within its boundaries were educational and medical facilities, a theater, a fully functional farm, a firehouse, a water treatment facility, an on-site landfill, housing, and even a power plant. The institution was considered to be an exemplary and progressive facility targeted at the treatment of epileptics.
In later years, namely throughout the Great Depression and World War II, the State Village suffered from financial cutbacks, which resulted in understaffing and overcrowding of the facilities. The dismal state of the institution during these times earned it the popular name, “The Snake Pit of New Jersey”.
With the advent of new prescription medications during the late 1940s, the State Village for Epileptics became obsolete by the early 1950s. With the aid of these new medications, many of the residents of the institution were able to function more efficiently within normal society, and were ultimately able to reintegrate themselves into the mainstream population. In 1953, the facility was turned into the New Jersey Neuro-Psychiatric Institute. This new institution focused on treatment and research of alcoholics, drug-addicts, people with cerebral palsy, and emotionally disturbed children.
The State of New Jersey closed down the facility in 1995, with the very last of the patients being removed in 1998. By this time, the facility had been designated as the North Princeton Developmental Center.
On , Montgomery Township purchased the property on which the NPDC resides for a total of $5.95 million. The Township intends on demolishing or renovating the existing structures and replacing them with a large town center, which might include health care facilities, shops, housing for senior citizens, and parks. Since the purchase of the property, the Township has experienced much difficulty with the cleanup of the site. Many hazardous materials are still on-site which make the property uninhabitable. Most of these contaminants remain from the use of oil and coal heating systems, as well as the power plant, both of which were used by the facilities prior to condemnation. The Township has also encountered large amounts of asbestos in the buildings which has proven to make the restoration exponentially more difficult and costly. Much care is being taken with the progression of this project as the Village School, the local elementary school, is surrounded by the NPDC property. After coming across these problems and unwilling to pay the associated expenses, Montgomery Township decided to sue the State of New Jersey citing the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as well as the State Environmental Rights Act.
Montgomery sold 247 acres of the plot to Somerset County October 2011, and the county assumed the role of preserving the area for recreation and conservation. Demolition of the former "Skillman Village" was completed in 2012, with only one or two of the original buildings still standing. A passive recreation Somerset County Parks System facility known as Skillman Park occupies the majority of land, and includes a 2.2 mile paved multi-use loop trail built in 2014–5. The park is now open.
References
Buildings and structures in Somerset County, New Jersey
Montgomery Township, New Jersey |
Peter Laurence Black OAM (born 14 June 1943) is an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, serving between 1999 and 2007. Black is an unaligned Councillor of the City of Broken Hill, elected in 2012.
Career
Black was born in the Sydney suburb of Hurstville and educated at Sydney Boy's Technical High School and received a Bachelor of Science from the University of New South Wales. He was a Science teacher at Willyama High School in Broken Hill before running for New South Wales Parliament. Black became a Broken Hill Council Alderman in 1977 and served a record 19 years as Mayor of Broken Hill, from 1980 until 1999.
Black represented Murray-Darling from 1999 to 2007 for the Labor Party. He was accused of having a drinking problem by other parliamentarians, including his political opponents. Black lost his seat at the 2007 New South Wales state election, after a redistribution gave the expanded Murray-Darling seat an overall National Party majority.
References
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Mayors of Broken Hill
Living people
1943 births
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
21st-century Australian politicians |
Lefetamine (Santenol) is a drug which is a stimulant and also an analgesic with effects comparable to codeine.
Discovery
Lefetamine-related 1,2-diphenylethylamines were invented in the 1940s and showed weak analgesic activity.
It was investigated in Japan in 1950s. The l-isomer showed weak analgesic action comparable to codeine and antitussive action far weaker than codeine. The d-isomer showed no such activity but caused seizures in rats.
Society and culture
It was abused in Japan during the 1950s. In a small study in 1989 it showed some effect against opioid withdrawal symptoms without causing withdrawal symptoms itself. It was concluded that it may be an opioid partial agonist.
It has been abused in Europe; in 1989 a small study of 15 abusers and some volunteers found that it had some partial similarity to opioids, that it produced withdrawal symptoms, and had dependence and abuse potential to a certain degree.
In a small study in 1994, it was compared to clonidine and buprenorphine in the detoxification of methadone patients and found to be inferior to both of them.
Regulation may vary; it does not appear as either a narcotic or non-narcotic under the US Controlled Substances Act 1970
The Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act was amended in 2016 to include the substance as a Schedule III substance. Possession without legal authority can result in maximum 3 years imprisonment. Further, Health Canada amended the Food and Drug Regulations in May, 2016 to classify Lefetamine as a controlled drug.
Research
Some related pyrrylphenylethanones had analgetic activity comparable to morphine. Some pyrrole analogues were reported to have analgesic effects comparable to lefetamine and being devoid of neurotoxic properties.
See also
AD-1211
Diphenidine
Diphenpipenol
Ephenidine
Fluorolintane
Lanicemine
Methoxphenidine (MXP)
MT-45
References
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Stimulants
Phenethylamines
Mu-opioid receptor agonists
Diarylethylamines |
Donald Arthur Fardon (born 19 August 1940) is an English pop singer.
Fardon is best known for his cover of the song "Indian Reservation" (1968), a UK number 3 hit and global million selling disc. He also wrote the football anthem "Belfast Boy" about George Best.
Career
Prior to becoming a singer, Fardon worked as a draughtsman for Alfred Herberts Ltd in Coventry. Before his solo success, Fardon was a singer with The Sorrows.
His biggest success was his cover version of "Indian Reservation" by John D. Loudermilk (1968, Billboard Hot 100: number 20; 1970, UK: number 3; Australia: number 4). The global sales were estimated at over one million copies.
His follow-up single "Belfast Boy", composed in honour of the Manchester United and Northern Ireland player George Best, reached number 32 in the UK single chart. "Follow Your Drum" reached number 16 on the Australian Singles Chart in May 1972.
In 1973, his track "Delta Queen" reached number 86 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. He covered The Kinks' hit, "Lola" in 1974. Fardon also released a cover version of "Running Bear". In 2006 he re-released his single, "Belfast Boy", in tribute following the death of George Best.
His recording of the song "I'm Alive" (a cover of Tommy James & The Shondells) has been featured in a UK television advertisement for Five Alive fruit drinks, and a Dutch Vodafone commercial. On the back of the success of the latter, "I'm Alive" was reissued in the Netherlands and in March 2011, it reached the Top 20 of the Dutch singles chart.
Discography
Albums
Lament of the Cherokee Indian Reservation (1968) GNP
I've Paid My Dues (1970) Decca
Released (1970) Youngblood
Indian Reservation (1988) GNP
Line Dance Party (1998) Grasmere
Indian Reservation (1999) Elap
I'm Alive (2003) RPM
Letter (2005) Magic
Coventry Boy (2006) Castle
Singles
"Indian Reservation (The Lament of the Cherokee Reservation Indian)" - 1968
"I'm Alive" - 1969 (re-issued 2011)*
"Belfast Boy" - originally released 20 March 1970 (re-issued 2006)*
See also
List of 1960s one-hit wonders in the United States
List of NME covers
References
External links
- "Don Fardon's Office Myspace Page"
1940 births
Living people
English pop singers
English male singers
Musicians from Coventry |
Sangcheon Station is a railway station on the Gyeongchun Line in Gapyeong, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Its station subname is Homyeong Lake, where Homyeong Lake is located nearby.
External links
Station information from Korail
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Metro stations in Gapyeong County
Railway stations opened in 1939
Railway stations in South Korea opened in the 2010s |
Sanat Kumar Saha (born 1941) is a Bangladeshi educator, economist and Tagore exponent. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2015 by the Government of Bangladesh. He served as a professor of economics at the University of Rajshahi. He is a former member of the board of directors of Bangladesh Bank.
Education and career
Saha studied at the University of Rajshahi and London School of Economics. In 2006, he retired as a professor from the University of Rajshahi. He had served as a director of Bangladesh Bank from 2010.
Awards
Rabindra Award (2015)
Ekushey Padak (2015)
Bangla Academy Literary Award (2012)
"8th Prothom Alo Borsho Shera Boi 1417" (2012)
Works
Kobita-Akobita Rabindranath
References
Living people
1941 births
University of Rajshahi alumni
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Bangladeshi economists
Bangladeshi Hindus
Academic staff of the University of Rajshahi
Recipients of Bangla Academy Award
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak |
VAM is the abbreviation for the Italian term velocità ascensionale media, translated in English to mean "average ascent speed" or "mean ascent velocity", but usually referred to as VAM. It is also referred to by the English backronym "Vertical Ascent in Meters". The term, which was coined by Italian physician and cycling coach Michele Ferrari, is the speed of elevation gain, usually stated in units of metres per hour.
Background
VAM is a parameter used in cycling as a measure of fitness and speed; it is useful for relatively objective comparisons of performances and estimating a rider's power output per kilogram of body mass, which is one of the most important qualities of a cyclist who competes in stage races and other mountainous events. Dr. Michele Ferrari also stated that VAM values exponentially rise up with every gradient increase. For example, a 1180 VAM of a 64 kg rider on a 5% gradient is equivalent to a VAM of 1400 m/h on a 10 % or a VAM of 1675 m/h on a 13% gradient. Ambient conditions (e.g. friction, air resistance) have less effect on steeper slopes (absorb less power) since speeds are lower on steeper slopes
The acronym VAM is not truly expanded in English, where many think the V stands in some way for vertical, and the M represents metres, for instance "Vertical Ascent Metres/Hour." Ferrari says,
I called this parameter Average Ascent Speed (‘VAM’ in its Italian abbreviation from Velocità Ascensionale Media).
A direct translation of "velocità ascensionale media" is "mean (average) ascent velocity" leading to an expansion of the acronym in English as Velocity, Ascent, Mean.
Definition
VAM is calculated the following way:
VAM = (metres ascended × 60) / minutes it took to ascend
A standard unit term with the same meaning is Vm/h, vertical metres per hour; the two are used interchangeably.
Relationship to relative power output
Relative power means power P per body mass m. Without friction and extra mass (the bicycle), the relative power would be VAM times acceleration of gravity g:
With g = 9.81 m/s2, this is equivalent to
Relative power (watts/kg) = VAM (metres/hour) VAM (metres/hour) / 367
Including the power necessary for the extra mass and dissipated by friction leads to a lower number in the denominator. An empirical relationship is
Relative power (watts/kg) = VAM (metres/hour) / (200 + 10 × % grade)
Examples
Examples:
1800+ Vm/h: Chris Froome.
1650-1800 Vm/h: Top 10 / Tour de France GC or mountain stage winner.
1450-1650 Vm/h: Top 20 / Tour de France GC; top 20 on tough mountain stage.
1300-1450 Vm/h: Finishing Tour de France mountain stages in peloton
1100-1300 Vm/h: The Autobus Crew
References
External links
Cycling Power Lab - VAM and Relative Power Calculator
Cycle sport
Sports records and statistics
Velocity |
This article contains information about the short stories of William Hope Hodgson.
The Sargasso Sea Stories
Carnacki stories
Captain Gault stories
Captain Jat stories
D.C.O. Cargunka stories
Standalone stories described elsewhere
The following short stories are described in separate articles.
"A Tropical Horror"
"The Voice in the Night"
"The Derelict"
"Eloi Eloi Lama Sabachthani"
Miscellaneous stories
"The Goddess of Death"
"The Goddess of Death" was Hodgson's first published story, and appeared in 1904 in Royal Magazine.
A village is terrorized by a number of murders by strangulation, and the chief suspect is a statue of the goddess Kali stolen from a Thugee temple. The narrator is a visitor who believes there must be a rational explanation, but he finds it increasingly difficult to explain what is going on when the town's mysterious 8-foot statue is missing from its base and he sees what looks like the statue itself running through the night, carrying a cloth garotte.
Recruiting a friend to help him, the narrator leads a group to find the statue before it kills again. A volunteer is killed, but the narrator shoots at the statue, which disappears into a lake. Things look hopeless until the narrator consults the private journal of the Colonel who brought the statue from India. He learns of a secret catch in the statue's base which lowers and raises it, and which allows entry into a secret passage. Someone has been living inside the secret passage, and at its end, where the tunnel reaches the lake, he sees what appears to be another statue in the water. As he tries to pull it out, he realizes that it is an enormous "Hindoo" (Hindu) high priest wearing a white gown and a mask to imitate the statue; the bullets in fact did reach their mark and the mysterious man is dead. He was a "high priest" who had come to avenge the destruction of his temple.
"Terror of the Water-Tank"
This story was first published in 1907 in Blue Book Magazine.
Hodgson introduces the story as follows:
Crowning the heights on the outskirts of a certain town on the east coast is a large, iron water-tank from which an isolated row of small villas obtains its supply. The top of this tank has been cemented, and round it have been placed railings, thus making it a splendid "look-out" for any of the townspeople who may choose to promenade upon it. And very popular it was until the strange and terrible happenings of which I have set out to tell.
The "strange and terrible happenings" begin with the discovery of a murder victim on the tank; he died by strangulation. The strangled man is the father of the narrator's fiancee, which leads to the narrator's involvement in the story. A local man named Dr. Tointon has been investigating; he has found that the strangled man's watch and watch chain are missing. The narrator notices that the mud around the tank is undisturbed, indicating that no one passed that way.
No real progress is made until several days later when a policeman who had been patrolling the tank is also found dead; he has been strangled as well. Although witnesses heard the man die, and would have seen anyone leaving the tank via the stairs, the mud beside the tank remains undisturbed. Tointon tells the narrator that he has not yet formed a conclusion, but will speak to him the following day.
The next day comes, but Tointon sends the narrator a note asking him to delay their meeting until late that evening. While waiting, the narrator questions Dufirst, the tank-keeper, a bearded black man whom he considers "an ugly little beast." In Dufirst's cottage the narrator discovers the first strangled man's missing watch and watch chain. The narrator summons the nearby police inspector and has Dufirst arrested. Later that evening we learn that the doctor is still out of town and has become seriously ill.
In the weeks that follow, Dufirst is tried and convicted of the first murder and scheduled for hanging. When Dr. Tointon recovers and returns, he is shocked to learn what has happened, believing that Dufirst is innocent. He assembles a team to investigate the water-tank that evening, bringing along a police constable, a loaded shotgun and several lanterns. Covering the lanterns, they hold a silent vigil on top of the tank. In the dead of night, a "very slight, slurring, crawling sort of noise" is heard. The lanterns are uncovered, and the doctor fires his shotgun.
The constable is found lying on the tank, but he is not dead—he has simply fainted from fright. The perpetrator is a "writhing yellow something, like an eel or a snake... flat as a ribbon." This creature has emerged from the tank, via a pipe, and climbed up onto the railing around the tank. The doctor's belief is confirmed; we learn that when he investigated the original crime he discovered slime on the tank railings and moisture on the collars of the victims. The exact nature of the creature remains a mystery, as its head has been destroyed by the shotgun blast, but the doctor believes that it is an abnormal creature because it developed under "abnormal conditions."
"Bullion"
This story was first published in 1911 in Everybody's Weekly
A ship is transporting a valuable cargo of gold bullion packed into chests, and stored in a separate locked and sealed room. But when mysterious whispering is heard in the night, an investigation leads the first mate to think he is losing his mind; first chests are missing, and then they aren't!
The narrator, who is the ship's second mate, is aboard "one of the fast clipper-ships running between London and Melbourne at the time of the big gold finds up at Bendigo." The captain, named Reynolds, complains to him of a strange whispering in his cabin, and asks if the second mate will trade cabins with him. The previous captain, Captain Avery, had previously died in the room, of no known cause. Although the second mate agrees to the switch, believing the captain's concern to be nonsense, in a few nights he is hearing a mysterious whispering as well. The ship carries a very valuable cargo of gold bullion, so the mate gives orders to open and examine the special compartment holding the gold, which is positioned just below the captain's cabin in the lazarette. He awakens the captain, and they enter the lazarette and examine the compartment. The whispering can clearly be heard, but again the source of it cannot be found. The second mate and captain open the sealed room, and find that the thirteenth of the sixty chests is missing! However, when the captain leaves and returns with the purser, and they examine the chests again, they are all present and accounted for. No explanation can be found.
A round-the-clock guard is set up. The three officers (the captain and the two mates) take turns sleeping inside the bullion compartment itself, locked in with the gold, while the petty officers keep watch, pacing around the bullion compartment twenty-four hours a day. The guard inside the room is woken every hour to confirm that the chests are all there. When it is time for the narrator to stand guard, he awakens groggily to discover that a number of chests are missing, but believes that he must be dreaming. When he awakens, the chests are all in place. Shortly thereafter, the first mate actually dies during his watch, again of no apparent cause. No explanation can be found, although the strange whispering is heard again.
After the ship docks in London, bank officials come on board to remove the gold. Everything seems normal, and the watch is in place, but when the door into the bullion compartment is opened, the first mate on guard inside is found to be dead, again of no apparent cause. When the bullion is removed, all seems in order, until the bank reports that all of the chests actually contain lead! As additional cargo is unloaded, an especially heavy case arouses the second mate's suspicion, and he has the man operating the crane "accidentally" drop a case. It bursts open, and chests of gold bullion are found. An elaborate plot is revealed, in which conspirators brought aboard identical chests containing lead, stored in other cargo; the special compartment to hold the bullion was built with a sliding door and connection to a secret passage. In the dead of night the thieves gradually swapped the chests. To avoid detection by the guard inside the compartment they used a narcotic gas. Too low a dose allowed the second mate to awaken and see the chests missing; but too high a dose killed the first mate. The same narcotic gas evidently killed the previous captain, who was gassed to keep him from learning too much about the theft going on directly beneath his cabin.
"The Mystery of the Water-Logged Ship"
This story was first published in 1911 in the Grand Magazine.
A yacht comes perilously close to colliding with a swamped, dismasted, derelict vessel; only the captain's instincts prevent the crash, as he sees a flash of light in the darkness. The source of the light cannot be found, but the yacht's spotlight picks out the derelict. Investigating the vessel, the crew of the yacht decides to tow it, in order to collect money for salvage. They arrange a tow-line, and leave a skeleton crew of four volunteers, together with the bo'sun, aboard. A little later, the captain of the yacht is shocked to discover that the towline is no longer connected and the ship is a considerable distance from the yacht. The crewmen aboard the vessel are gone.
The same scenario plays out again; the second mate leads another group of volunteers, but the line is again found disconnected and the men gone. No explanation is found. The yacht keeps a close watch on the ship all night, and in the morning the crew again boards the derelict and inspects it thoroughly. A half-dozen armed men are left aboard, this time under the direction of the third officer. At dusk the mate's whistle is heard, and there is a loud shouting from the derelict, but by the time the crew of the yacht investigates again, the men are gone.
Finally, the crew of the yacht set up an iron-barred cage on the deck of the derelict, with a group of armed men inside, and they hold a vigil while the yachts hover expectantly nearby, ready to turn their spotlight on the derelict. In the dead of night a strange noise is heard, and the men in the cage fire a gun. The yacht trains its spotlight squarely onto the derelict ship, and the men are astonished to see that the rigging of the derelict ship is full of pirates. In the ensuing gun battle, all the pirates are killed. The derelict is not really flooded; while the upper part of the hold is filled with water and floating timber, it has been retrofitted with an airtight compartment underneath, accessible through the hollow lower masts, and is complete with electric lights, ventilation fans, and motive power. The lost men are found below, bound in chains but unharmed amidst a king's ransom in stolen gold.
"The Ghosts of the Glen Doon"
This story was first published in 1911 in The Red Magazine.
Another floating derelict is the subject of an investigation because of a mysterious tapping. A brave (or foolhardy) man bets that he can spend the night aboard the allegedly haunted ship. Is the tapping noise produced by the ghosts of the men who drowned when it sank, or is there a more prosaic explanation?
We learn that the iron ship Glen Doon "turned turtle" (flipped upside-down) and trapped ten workers aboard. For twenty-four hours the ship floated upside-down. The tapping of the workers' hammers on the hull led rescuers to attempt to drill holes in the ship, but this just allowed the air to escape faster, and the men were drowned as the ship sank.
Seven months later, the ship was bought at auction and raised, although she then sat idle for another five years. No living soul is aboard her, but in the dead of night mysterious tapping can be heard, allegedly the ghosts of the drowned men. Larry Chaucer, the young son of a wealthy local, wagers that he can spend the night alone aboard the ship unmolested.
He and a number of his friends first climb aboard and investigate; aside from some silt, the ship appears completely empty, yet the faint tapping can be heard, although its precise source cannot be located. As they inspect the ship the tapping ceases. The men withdraw to a boat near the ship and to the dock to listen for trouble, leaving Chaucer aboard to perform his vigil. As they wait, the tapping sound resumes, audible even across the bay. Suddenly the firing of a pistol is heard, and then a scream. The men race for the ship, but the young daredevil can't be found. Only his empty pistol and his lantern remain. As the men explore the hold, a strange sound is heard, as if someone were ascending through the stillness of the hold, but no one can be seen. The men hastily leave the hold.
Days pass, and the police investigate in excruciating detail; Larry Chaucer's wealthy father is involved. The ship is emptied completely; the silt is removed, and the internal bulkheads are removed until the Glen Doon is little more than an iron shell. Nothing is found. Police officers keep watch on board, and patrol-boats are stationed near the hulk, looking for any clue, as fruitless weeks pass. One night the hammering sound starts again, and as armed detectives keep watch on the deck they see:
...a man's head and face, the hair as long as a woman's, and dripping with sea water, so that the cadaverous face showed white and unwholesome from out of the sopping down-hang of the hair. In a minute there followed the body of the strange man, and the sea water ran from his garments, glistening as the moon-breams caught the drops. He came inboard over the rail, making no more noise than a shadow, and paused, swaying with a queer movement full in a patch of moonlight. Then, noiseless, he seemed to glide across the deck in the direction of the dark gape of the open main hatchway.
Although the men try to stop him, and fire at him, the figure disappears into the hold, and no trace of him can be found. Investigation continues. Mechanics are hired to drill holes into the sides of the ship, demonstrating that there are no secret compartments. They even drill into the bottom of the ship, patching the holes with hot lead to prevent the ingress of water. The hollow steel lower masts are investigated as well, and found to be empty. The search looks hopeless until the police inspector discovers a single hair stuck in a nearly invisible metal seam in a hollow mast. A secret door into the mast is discovered and opened. At the bottom of the hollow mast, a secret passage is found, leading down into a shaft that opens into another vessel, made from discarded boilers welded together, suspended below the Glen Doon. In it is a band of counterfeiters stamping coins; this is the source of the mysterious tapping. The miscreants are apprehended. Larry Chaucer presumably met his death at the hands of the counterfeiters.
"Mr. Jock Danplank"
This story was first published in 1912 in The Red Magazine.
Mr. Jock Danplank, a British citizen who has spent time living in the United States, has come into a substantial inheritance that includes not only money but a cottage complete with gardening and housekeeping staff and a stunningly beautiful garden. But Danplank's deceased uncle neglected to tell anyone just where the money was to be found. Near death, he was heard to mutter "seventy-seven feet due east", but was unable to finish his instructions.
Danplank and his wife, Mary, take possession of the cottage and examining a large, ornate desk, attached to the floor, that was also part of the bequest. During the days and nights that follow, it becomes clear that Danplank's cousin is also trying to locate the money; he repeatedly invades the cottage grounds and angers the aged head gardener by trampling on the flower-beds; he even digs enormous pits on the grounds in the dead of night.
As the story reaches its climax Danplank and his wife arrange a surprise for the cousin. They silently observe him tampering with the ornate table in the cottage, and afterwards, while he and his confederates are digging another deep pit in the gardens, fill the pit with water and photograph him clambering out, covered with mud. The cousin's examinations have given them a clue, and they discover that by putting the table back in its original position they are able to use the compass rose in the desktop to locate the treasure. The story ends with another common Hodgson motif: a snide letter to the cousin, enclosing proofs of the photographs (for potential blackmail or criminal prosecution) and indicating that the treasure has been found.
Hodgson may have intended to introduce Jock Danplank as another recurring character. However, he did not use Danplank again. Sam Moskowitz in his introduction to the story collection Out of the Storm writes that the plot "...provides an inconsequential bit of fiction, interesting only for the clever utilization of photography in the story." (Hodgson was a noted photographer).
"The Mystery of Captain Chappel"
This story was first published in 1917 in The Red Magazine.
A mysterious murder has taken place. Because the victim was observed leaving a pub and then found dead nearby, only a minute later, having traversed only a short distance on an empty street with high walls on either side, police are baffled. The initial setup is presented as a locked room mystery, in which the murder appears impossible given the circumstances. Cobbler Juk, the uncle of the police officer investigating, is informally recruited, and turns out to be a talented amateur sleuth. A second murder takes place, this time of Saddler Atkins.
The cobbler believes that he knows who will be killed next, and so he and his nephew the police officer stake out the home of Councillor Tomkins, waiting. What they see is quite baffling: a seven-foot creature, emitting disturbing, inhuman noises, observes the councillor, then crashes through a window and attacks him, with the cobbler and constable giving chase. The creature escapes, but Tomkins is dead.
We next join the cobbler in surveillance of a black man, whom they accost outside his home. He fights off the cobbler; in his home the cobbler finds an object, which is not revealed to the reader.
In the conclusion the cobbler explains the whole story: he has uncovered evidence that the three dead men worked together, many years ago, on a ship that was apparently involved in illegal seal poaching. The black man worked for the three, and to guarantee his silence the three cut out his tongue. The black man has been working his revenge, wearing a costume in the shape of a seal head. The cobbler tracked the man by an idiosyncratic habit: while waiting for his victims, he drops the matches that he uses to light his pipe, after tearing them in two and twisting them in a distinct manner. These twisted half-matches were found at the first two crime scenes and also in the floor-sweepings from a local pub.
"The Home-Coming of Captain Dan"
This story was first published in 1918 in The Red Magazine.
Captain Dan himself is a very colorful character who speaks in a mixture of nautical argot and gutter French.
"Merciful Plunder"
This story was first published in 1925 in Argosy-Allstory Weekly.
A sea captain named Mellor is carrying out trading in a seaport on the Adriatic coast; the seaport is involved in "the wars so common in the Balkans." Mortar and rifle fire is audible in the distance, but Captain Mellor is more disturbed to hear the horrible sounds of a mass execution of twenty minors, who had been fighting as irregular guerilla warriors, in the town square. Twenty more youths remain locked in the local jail awaiting execution the next morning. Mellor, pretending to support the executions and displaying little sympathy for the youths, gets a tour from a Frenchman. Mellor observes the pitiful condition of the prisoners, and watches as a guard puts out a cigarette against one boy's leg; he also learns the layout of the jail building and the location and number of the guards.
That night, Mellor leads a daring raid. A cliff edge lies behind and above the jail, and with his chief engineer George and two other crewmen, in the dark of night they put into place a spar and pulley to lower the captain and his chief engineer to the jail window. While they are nearly caught, with the help of the boys they manage to remove the window bars with a hacksaw; the boys kill one guard with one of the bars, and the captain manages to incapacitate two others. The boys are removed through the window and spirited away aboard Mellor's ship. The Frenchman never learns by what means the boys have miraculously disappeared, although he remains appalled by Mellor's outward cavalier attitude, telling him "the good God was kinder than you."
"The Haunting of the Lady Shannon"
The story was first published in 1916 in the Premier Magazine.
A young seaman on board the Lady Shannon, discussing Captain Teller and his cruelty and violent tendencies, encourages the other seamen to stand up to the man. Overhearing the discussion are three apprentices. The fate of another seaman, Toby, at the hands of the captain and second mate is revealed:
"Last trip they treated one of the ordinaries so badly that the poor chap went queer -- silly. Mind you, he acted like a goat and gave both the second mate and the skipper slack; but they knocked all that out of him and some of his brains as well, I believe. Anyway, he went half-dotty before the end of the voyage."
A few days later, Seaman Jones, a vocal advocate of standing up for himself, bites off a plug of tobacco and is noticed by the second mate. He refuses to throw his tobacco overboard and the mate attacks him. They fight, and Jones severely injures the mate. The captain begins shouting and firing his revolver, although he only wounds one man by accident. The first mate also attacks Jones; in the fracas, the captain throws his revolver and accidentally strikes the first mate, who is knocked unconscious. One of the apprentices, Tommy, involuntarily shouts "Hurray!" and is attacked by the captain, who beats him, knocking him unconscious. Jones meanwhile attacks the second mate, and is also knocked unconscious, while the first mate has recovered. At the end of the complicated fracas Tommy, the second mate, and Jones are all unconscious. The second mate recovers with the administration of whiskey.
Two nights later, Jones is still only semi-conscious. As the second mate keeps watch, he abruptly screams and falls; he is found to be dead of a stab wound, although the weapon and the source of the attack are unknown; the attack seemed to come out of nowhere, right under the captain's watchful eye. The captain is deeply disturbed, and musters the entire crew for inspection. Everyone is present and accounted for, except Jones and Tommy. We learn that, in the opinion of the first mate, Jones is near death, and the apprentice Tommy is also still too badly injured to have committed the murder. The captain and the first mate are baffled, and become suspicious that the cause was supernatural.
The next day the captain becomes hopelessly drunk; the first mate disposes of the second mate's body, and repeatedly checks on the state of seaman Jones. The first mate goes on watch that evening. During his watch, he sends an older sailor repeatedly to check on Jones; at 2:30 a.m., the seaman reports that Jones has died. A disturbing grating sound is immediately heard, and the first mate, his imagination working overtime, becomes agitated, believing Jones' ghost may be coming for him. We learn that Tommy is also doing poorly, which only adds the mate's fears.
That evening, the captain and the mate keep watch together. After the moonrise, a "strange husky inhuman gurgle" is heard from the bridge, and a "low, incredible, abominable laughter." The mate panics, screaming "he's come for me!" and running to the bridge; he is suddenly stabbed. A figure comes at the captain: "something white and slender that ran upon the captain noiselessly." The captain, panicked, crashes into the steel side of the deck-house and is knocked unconscious. The figure vanishes overboard, apparently without a splash.
In the aftermath, we learn that the white figure was Toby, the ordinary seaman, who had been "hazed to the verge of insanity by the brutality of the captain and the officers on the previous voyage." He was covered with flour, and apparently had been living as a stowaway in among the cargo; he had stabbed the officers from a vantage point hidden in a ventilator. In conclusion, the story tells us that
Tommy regained his health, as did both Captain Jeller and Jacob, the mate; but as a "hardcase" skipper and a "buck-o-mate", they are no longer shining examples.
"The Heathen's Revenge"
This story was first published in 1988 in chapbook form as "The Way of the Heathen."
"The Shamraken Homeward-Bounder"
This is considered by some editors such as Jeremy Lassen to be one of Hodgson's finest short stories. It features a remarkable crew of aged sailors who seem to have been at sea for decades; even the one they call the "boy" is fifty years old.
"Out of the Storm"
"The Albatross"
First published in the American pulp magazine Adventure.
An albatross is captured on a ship and a message is found tied to it which tells of a water-logged boat where a woman is alone with a ship full of rats. She only has a week's supplies left and as their ship is becalmed, one man takes it on himself to rescue her by rowing to her distant vessel and taking on the rats.
"The 'Prentices' Mutiny"
"The Island of the Crossbones"
"The Stone Ship"
An earthquake raises a section of the seabed in the night, bringing with it a strange ship from ages past and stranger creatures from the sea bottom to menace a ship's crew.
"The Regeneration of Captain Bully Keller"
"The Mystery of Missing Ships"
"We Two and Bully Dunkan"
"The Haunted Pampero"
"The Real Thing: 'S.O.S.'"
"Jack Grey, Second Mate"
A ship sets out from Frisco with a strangely acting passenger and a crew scraped up off the waterfront. Things quickly escalate from unpleasant to grim in this violent tale. - From Pulpgen.com
"The Smugglers"
"In the Wailing Gully"
"The Girl with the Grey Eyes"
Hodgson is not known as a writer of romantic stories, although several of his novels contain themes of romantic love amidst the horror and adventure. This is one of a small number of stories that he wrote specifically targeted to female readers of romance magazines.
"Kind, Kind and Gentle is She"
"A Timely Escape"
"On the Bridge"
This story, presented as a factual minute-by-minute account of events on the bridge of a ship as it navigates through iceberg-filled waters, was actually written to capitalize on interest in the sinking of the Titanic.
"Through the Vortex of a Cyclone"
A four-masted ship is absorbed by a terrible cyclone storm; an excellent example of the fight between man and nature. The atmosphere is masterly graduated; the story begins among the quiet waters of the ocean beneath clear and blue sky, but gradually the horizont is getting darker, a strange voice is heard, then the ship is plunged into the monstrous hurricane. Then, when it is exactly in the Vortex (the center of the cyclone), the crew members fire an old pistol loaded with a flash-dust and they see the legendary Pyramidal Sea, a sea raised to a high water-hills, while the cry of the cyclone is circulating around them in a distance of several tens of miles. Though not being a fiction or horror story, this tale belongs to the best Mr. Hodgson ever wrote.
"A Fight with a Submarine"
"In the Danger Zone"
"Old Golly"
"Demons of the Sea"
"The Wild Man of the Sea"
"The Habitants of Middle Islet"
"The Riven Night"
"The Heaving of the Log"
"The Sharks of the St. Elmo"
"Sailormen"
"By the Lee"
"The Captain of the Onion Boat"
Hodgson is not known as a writer of romantic stories, although several of his novels contain themes of romantic love amidst the horror and adventure. This is one of a small number of stories that he wrote specifically targeted to female readers of romance magazines.
A sea captain is torn between love and respect for duty as he watches the love of his life go about her daily routine in a convent. She entered the convent when he disappeared and she believed he was dead. Eventually at the urging of his first mate, the captain attracts her attention, arranges a liaison, and retrieves the willing woman who then faces an unknown future on an onion boat.
"The Sea-Horses"
"The Valley of Lost Children"
"Date 1965: Modern Warfare"
"My House Shall Be Called the House of Prayer"
"Judge Barclay's Wife"
"How the Honorable Billy Darrell Raided the Wind"
"The Friendship of Monsieur Jeynois"
"The Inn of the Black Crow"
"What Happened in the Thunderbolt"
"How Sir Jerrold Treyn Dealt with the Dutch in Caunston Cove"
"Jem Binney and the Safe at Lockwood Hall"
"Diamond Cut Diamond with a Vengeance"
"The Room of Fear"
"The Promise"
Notes
Hodgson, William Hope
Hodgson, William Hope
Hodgson, William Hope |
Hubert Walter ( – 13 July 1205) was an influential royal adviser in the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries in the positions of Chief Justiciar of England, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Lord Chancellor. As chancellor, Walter began the keeping of the Charter Roll, a record of all charters issued by the chancery. Walter was not noted for his holiness in life or learning, but historians have judged him one of the most outstanding government ministers in English history.
Walter owed his early advancement to his uncle Ranulf de Glanvill, who helped him become a clerk of the Exchequer. Walter served King Henry II of England in many ways, not just in financial administration, but also including diplomatic and judicial efforts. After an unsuccessful candidacy to the see of York, Walter was elected Bishop of Salisbury shortly after the accession of Henry's son .
Walter accompanied Richard on the Third Crusade, and was one of the principals involved in raising Richard's ransom after the king was captured in Germany on his return from the Holy Land. As a reward for his faithful service, Walter was selected to become Archbishop of Canterbury in 1193. He also served as Richard's justiciar until 1198, in which role he was responsible for raising the money Richard needed to prosecute his wars in France. Walter set up a system that was the precursor for the modern justices of the peace, based on selecting four knights in each hundred to administer justice. He also revived his predecessor's dispute over setting up a church to rival Christ Church Priory in Canterbury, which was only settled when the pope ordered him to abandon the plan. Following Richard's death in 1199, Walter helped assure the elevation of Richard's brother John to the throne. Walter also served John as a diplomat, undertaking several missions to France.
Early life
Hubert Walter was the son of Hervey Walter and his wife Maud de Valoignes, one of the daughters (and co-heiresses) of Theobald de Valoignes, who was lord of Parham in Suffolk. Walter was one of six brothers. The eldest brother, Theobald Walter, and Walter himself, were helped in their careers by their uncle, Ranulf de Glanvill. Glanvill was the chief justiciar for Henry II; and was married to Maud de Valoignes' sister, Bertha. Walter's father and paternal grandfather held lands in Suffolk and Norfolk, which were inherited by Theobald. A younger brother, Osbert, became a royal justice and died in 1206. Roger, Hamo (or Hamon) and Bartholomew only appear as witnesses to charters.
Walter's family was from West Dereham in Norfolk, which is probably where Walter was born. Walter first appears in Glanvill's household in a charter that has been dated to 1178, although as it is undated it may have been written as late as 1180. His brother Theobald also served in their uncle's household. Walter's gratitude towards his aunt and uncle is shown in the foundation charter of Walter's monastery in Dereham, where he asks the foundation to pray for the "souls of Ranulf Glanvill and Bertha his wife, who nourished us". Earlier historians asserted that Walter studied law at Bologna, based on his name appearing in a list of those to be commemorated at a monastery in Bologna in which English students lodged. Modern historians have discounted this, as the list also includes benefactors, not just students; other evidence points to the fact that Walter had a poor grasp of Latin, and did not consider himself to be a learned man. However, this did not mean that he was illiterate, merely that he was not "book-learned", or educated at a university. His contemporary, the medieval writer Gerald of Wales said of Walter that the Exchequer was his school.
Early assignments
By 1184–1185 Walter had a position as a baron of the exchequer. The king employed him on several tasks, including as a negotiator, a justice, and as a royal secretary. He was appointed Dean of York by order of King Henry II about July 1186. The archbishopric had been vacant since 1181 and would remain so until 1189, so it was Walter's job as dean to administer the archbishopric of York. Walter was also an unsuccessful candidate to become Archbishop of York in September 1186. The medieval chronicler Gervase of Canterbury said that during Henry II's reign, Walter "ruled England because Glanvill sought his counsel". Documents also show that Walter was active in the administration of the diocese of York.
At the same time he was administering York, Walter founded a Premonstratensian house of canons on purchased property at West Dereham, Norfolk in 1188. His uncle and other family members had favoured the Premonstratensian Order, and this West Dereham Abbey was located near the family lands in Norfolk.
In 1187 Walter, along with Glanvill and King Henry II, attempted to mediate a dispute between the Archbishop of Canterbury, Baldwin of Forde, and the monks of the cathedral chapter. Their efforts were fruitless, and Walter was later drawn back into the dispute, in early 1189 and again as archbishop. The dispute centred on the attempt by Baldwin to build a church dedicated to Saint Thomas Becket, just outside the town of Canterbury. The plan was to staff the church with canons instead of monks, which the monks of Canterbury's cathedral chapter feared was an attempt to take away the cathedral chapter's right to elect the archbishop. The attempt in 1189 was settled by Baldwin giving up the site near Canterbury for one further away at Lambeth, which was less threatening to the monks.
Bishop and archbishop
After the death of King Henry in 1189, the new King Richard I appointed Walter Bishop of Salisbury; the election took place on 15 September 1189 at Pipewell, with the consecration on 22 October 1189 at Westminster. Also elected to bishoprics at this council were Godfrey de Lucy to the see of Winchester, Richard FitzNeal to the see of London, and William Longchamp to the see of Ely. The elevation of so many new bishops was probably meant to signal the new king's break with his father's habit of keeping bishoprics empty to retain the revenues of the sees. At about the same time Glanvill was either forced out of his justiciarship or resigned, but the sources are unclear. Walter was probably elevated to a bishopric even though his uncle had lost some of his power because of political manoeuvring over the elevation of King Richard's illegitimate half-brother Geoffrey to the see of York, which Walter had at first opposed. The bishopric was either a reward or a bribe for Walter's withdrawal of his objections to Geoffrey's election.
Soon after his appointment, Walter accompanied the king on the Third Crusade, going ahead of the king directly from Marseille to the Holy Land in a group that included Baldwin of Forde, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Ranulf de Glanvill. The group left Marseille in August 1190, and arrived at Acre two months later. While on crusade, he was praised by his fellow crusaders, and acted as Richard's principal negotiator with Saladin for a peace treaty. After the conclusion of the treaty with Saladin, Walter was in the first band of pilgrims that entered Jerusalem. Saladin entertained Walter during his stay in Jerusalem, and the Englishman succeeded in extracting a promise from Saladin that a small group of Western clergy would be allowed to remain in the city to perform divine services. Walter subsequently led the English army back to England after Richard's departure from Palestine, but in Sicily he heard of the king's capture, and diverted to Germany. He, along with William of Sainte-Mère-Eglise, was among the first of Richard's subjects to find the king at Ochsenfurt where he was being held. In April 1193 he returned to England to raise the king's ransom. Richard wrote to his mother, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, that Walter should be chosen for the see of Canterbury, as well as to the monks of the cathedral chapter, and soon after Walter's return to England, he was duly elected archbishop of Canterbury, having been translated to the see on 29 May 1193. He was chosen as archbishop without consultation from the bishops, who normally claimed the right to help decide the new archbishop. He received his pallium, the symbol of his archiepiscopal authority, from Pope Celestine III and was ceremonially enthroned at Canterbury on 7 November 1193.
Justiciar
After Richard was freed, he spent little time in England, instead concentrating on the war with King Philip II of France, which began with Philip's attempts to acquire Richard's possessions on the continent. Richard made Walter Chief Justiciar about 25 December 1193. Walter remained in England, raising money for the king's wars and overseeing the administration of the kingdom. The constant warfare forced Walter to find new means of raising money through taxation. The historian Doris Stenton wrote that the Pipe Rolls, or financial records, during Walter's time as justiciar "give the impression of a country taxed to the limit". Walter was also responsible for choosing royal justices, and many of his choices were connected with, or had previously worked with, the archbishop in the royal administration. Because of Richard's absence from England, Walter was able to exercise more authority as justiciar than any of his predecessors. All that Walter needed to do was keep Richard's monetary needs satisfied. Combined with Walter's position as archbishop, Walter wielded a power unseen in England since the days of Lanfranc.
One of Walter's first acts as justiciar was in February 1194, when he presided over a feudal judgement of John, Richard's younger brother. After Richard's release from captivity, John, intending to begin a rebellion, had prepared his castles for defence. His letters ordering the preparations were intercepted and John was deprived of his lands. When John showed no signs of submitting, Walter called an ecclesiastical council at Westminster for the purposes of excommunicating John unless he submitted. John refused to submit, and was excommunicated. To defeat the rebellion, Walter was required to lay siege to Marlborough Castle himself. Walter employed his brother Theobald in similar actions in Lancaster, and rewarded him with the office of sheriff of Lancaster. Eventually in May 1194, John made peace with Richard, and was restored to favour, although the restoration of his lands did not occur until late in 1195.
Walter's chief administrative measures were his instructions to the itinerant justices of 1194 and 1198, his ordinance of 1195, an attempt to increase order in the kingdom, and his plan of 1198 for the assessment of a land tax. In 1194 the justices were ordered by a document now known as the Articles of Eyre to secure the election of four coroners by each county court. The coroners were to keep, or register, royal pleas, which had previously been a duty of the sheriff. The juries were to be chosen by a committee of four knights, also elected by the county court. This introduction of coroners and constables eventually led to a change in the role of sheriffs, and a lessening of their importance in royal administration. Although he probably did not take part in the decision to set up a special exchequer for the collection of Richard's ransom, Walter did appoint the two escheators, or guardians of the amounts due, who were Hugh Bardulf in the north of England and William of Sainte-Mère-Eglise in the south. His instructions for the eyre, or circuits of traveling justices, are the first that survive in English history. It was during his tenure of the justiciarship that the judicial role of the Exchequer became separated from the purely financial aspects.
He also worked to introduce order into the lending of money by Jewish moneylenders, and organised a system where the royal officials worked to combat fraud by both parties in the business of Jewish money lending. Walter was probably the originator of the custom of keeping an archival copy of all charters, letters, patents and feet of fines, or record of agreements reached in the royal courts, in the chancery. The first recorded "foot of the fine" is endorsed with the statement "This is the first chirograph that was made in the king's court in the form of three chirographs, according to the command of his lordship of Canterbury and other barons of the king, to the end that by this form a record can be made to be passed on to the treasurer to put in the treasury." The agreement concerns Walter's brother Theobald, who was the plaintiff.
Walter also helped with the creation of a more professional group of royal justices. Although the group, which included Simon of Pattishall, Ralph Foliot, Richard Barre, William de Warenne, Richard Herriard, and Walter's brother Osbert fitzHervey, had mostly already served as justices prior to Walter's term of office, it was Walter who used them extensively. It appears likely that Walter chose them for their ability, not for any familial ties to himself. This group of men replaced the previous system of using mostly local men, and are the first signs of a professional judiciary.
In 1195 Walter issued an ordinance by which four knights were appointed in every hundred to act as guardians of the peace, a precursor to the office of Justice of the Peace. His use of the knights, who appear for the first time in political life, is the first sign of the rise of this class who, either as Members of Parliament (MPs) or justices of the peace, later became the mainstay of English government. In 1198, Walter requested a carucage, or plough-tax, of five shillings on every plough-land, or carucate, under cultivation. However, difficulties arose over the assessments, so the justiciar ordered them to be made by a sworn jury in every hundred. It is likely that those jurors were elected.
In foreign affairs, Walter negotiated with Scotland in 1195 and with the Welsh in 1197. Scotland claimed Northumbria, or northern England. Negotiations broke down, but relations between the two countries remained good throughout the rest of Richard's reign. Talks with the Welsh began after the English lords Roger Mortimer and William de Briouze expanded into Welsh territory in 1195, causing a concern that the Welsh lord Rhys ap Gruffydd would strike back across the border. In 1196, Walter quickly suppressed a popular uprising in London led by William Fitz Osbern. FitzOsbern was an orator who harnessed the discontent of the poor residents of London against high taxes. His oratory provoked a riot in London, and he was apprehended and hanged on Walter's orders.
Ecclesiastical affairs and resignation
Walter held a legateship from Pope Celestine III from 1195 to 1198, which enabled him to act with the pope's delegated authority within the English Church. Walter actively investigated ecclesiastical misconduct, and deposed several abbots, including Robert of Thorney Abbey in 1195 and an abbot of St Mary's in the province of the Archbishop of York. At the monastic cathedral of Worcester, he disciplined the monks between the death of Henry de Sully and the election of John of Coutances, as was his right as the archbishop of the province. In his own diocese, he granted markets and fairs to towns, was granted the privilege of minting coins at Shrewsbury, and worked to recover lands and manors that had been lost to the archdiocese.
Walter revived the scheme of his predecessor, Baldwin of Forde, to found a church in Canterbury that would be secular and not monastic. He promised that the new foundation's canons would not be allowed to vote in archiepiscopal elections nor would the body of Saint Thomas Becket ever be moved to the new church, but the monks of his cathedral chapter were suspicious and appealed to the papacy. The dispute from the time of Baldwin of Forde flared up again, with the papacy supporting the monks and the king supporting the archbishop. Finally, Pope Innocent III ruled for the monks and ordered Walter to destroy what had been built.
The archbishop held ecclesiastical councils, including one at York in 1195 that legislated that the clergy should collect their tithes in full, "...without any reduction". Another council was held at London in 1200 to legislate the size and composition of clerical retinues, and also ruled that the clergy, when saying Mass, should speak clearly and not speed up or slow down their speech. At the request of the papacy, Walter also led inquiries into the canonisations of Gilbert of Sempringham and Wulfstan of Worcester. Walter refused to acquiesce in the election of Gerald of Wales to the see of St David's in Wales and opposed the efforts of Gerald and others to elevate St David's to an archbishopric.
In the later part of Richard's reign, the pressures mounted on Walter. Conflicts between his ecclesiastical duties and his government duties made him the target of criticism from both sides. A dispute in December 1197, over Richard's demand that the magnates of England provide 300 knights to serve in France, led to renewed grumbling among the clergy and barons. Richard was also dissatisfied with the results of the carucage in 1198, so Walter resigned his position of chief justiciar on 11 July of that year. Walter may have resigned willingly, as he had talked of resigning his secular duties since 1194. Some medieval sources, however, stated that he was forced out of office by the king.
Under John
According to the Life of William Marshal, which dates to soon after 1219, when word reached William Marshal, one of the richest and most influential barons, that Richard was dead, he consulted with Walter and discussed whom to support as the next king. Marshal's choice was John, but Walter initially leaned towards John's young nephew Arthur of Brittany. When Marshall was insistent on John, who was an adult, the author of the Life has Walter say in reply " 'So be it then,' said the archbishop, 'but mark my words, Marshal, you will never regret anything in your life as much as this.'" This is almost certainly a retrospective comment that has been inserted into the biography, however, based on John's later behaviour. Once John knew he had the support of Walter and William Marshal, he sent Walter ahead to England to request all free men to pledge fealty to the new king. On 27 May 1199 Walter crowned John, supposedly making a speech that promulgated, for the last time, the theory of a king's election by the people. This story is only contained in the writings of Matthew Paris, however, and although it seems certain that Walter made a speech, it is not certain what the exact contents were. On his coronation day, John appointed Walter Lord Chancellor. W. L. Warren, historian and author of a biography of John, says of Walter that "No one living had a firmer grasp of the intricacies of royal government, yet even in old age his mind was adaptable and fecund with suggestions for coping with new problems."
One of Walter's first suggestions was to lower the fees for having charters confirmed, from nine pounds and five shillings to eighteen shillings and four pence. Accompanying this measure was a requirement that no charter would be accepted in a king's court without having been confirmed by King John. Not only did this reduce forgeries, it led to the establishment of the Charter Roll, an administrative copy of all charters issued and confirmed by the government. In his relations with other officers, Walter worked closely with the justiciar Geoffrey Fitz Peter, on the collection of taxation, and both men went to Wales in 1203 on a diplomatic mission. Another joint action of the two men concerned a tax of a seventh part of all movables collected from both lay and ecclesiastical persons. The medieval chronicler Roger of Wendover said that the king "had Archbishop Hubert of Canterbury to act for him in the matter of the church property, Geoffrey fitz-Peter in the matter of lay property; and these two spared no one in carrying out their orders." Walter was also responsible for the keeping of copies of other royal letters in the Close Rolls and the Patent Rolls. The Patent rolls record letters that were issued in "patent", or openly and not sealed, and the Close rolls record letters issued sealed, or letters close. The various rolls are extant from 1199 for the Charter roll, 1201 for the Patent roll, and 1204 for the Close roll. Walter also continued to innovate in local government, as the earliest record of the coroner's rolls, or county records, being used to cross-check oral testimony in the county courts date from 1202 and 1203, during Walter's chancellorship.
In 1201 Walter went on a diplomatic mission to Philip II of France, which was unsuccessful, and in 1202 he returned to England as regent while John was abroad. In April 1204 Walter returned to France with John de Gray the Bishop of Norwich, Eustace the Bishop of Ely, William Marshal, and Robert de Beaumont the Earl of Leicester to seek peace with Philip Augustus. Philip insisted that John hand over Arthur of Brittany, Arthur's sister Eleanor, and renounce all of his continental possessions before the French king would make peace. John refused to do this, and the embassy returned to England not long before Philip conquered Normandy.
Besides sending Walter on diplomatic missions, King John gave Walter custody of Rochester Castle on 20 July 1202, but as Walter was already accounting for the taxes and fees of the city of Rochester to the Exchequer in 1200, it is possible that he held the castle before 1202. John also upheld the right of the archbishop to mint coins, which Walter held until his death in 1205.
Under John, Walter continued to be active in ecclesiastical affairs, and in September 1200 held a provincial church council at London. This council set forth 14 canons, or decrees, which dealt with a number of subjects, including doctrinal concerns, financial affairs, and the duties of the clergy. It drew heavily on earlier church decrees, including those of the Third Lateran Council of 1179. Walter also interceded with Pope Innocent III in 1200, mediating between the pope and the king over a royal dispute with the Cistercians. Walter's intercession prevented the dispute from escalating, and kept the pope from imposing sanctions on the king for his threats to the Cistercians. It was in 1200 that the church court records of the archdiocese of Canterbury began to be recorded and kept, although after Walter's death in 1205 the records become sparse until the 14th century.
Death and legacy
Walter died on 13 July 1205, from a septic carbuncle on his back. The lingering character of his ailment permitted a reconciliation with his monks. The medieval chronicler Ralph of Coggeshall described his death as taking four days, and related that he gave vestments, jewellery, and altar furnishings to his monks, which were confiscated by King John after Walter's death. He was buried in the Trinity Chapel in Canterbury Cathedral, next to Thomas Becket, where his tomb can still be seen. The tomb occupied a highly visible spot in the Trinity Chapel, and Walter was the first archbishop to be buried there since the 1170s, when all of the tombs but Becket's had been relocated to focus attention on Becket's shrine. He remained the only ecclesiastic to be buried there until the 14th century. The use by the archbishops of Canterbury of the title "Primate of All England" dates from Walter's archepiscopal tenure.
The medieval chronicler Matthew Paris retold the story that when King John heard of Walter's death, the king exclaimed "Now for the first time I am king of England." This story, however entertaining, is apocryphal. More secure is the story that another chronicler, Roger of Wendover, relates about Walter's Christmas celebrations in 1200. Roger reports that Walter distributed clothing to those attending his Christmas feast, which angered King John. The chronicler says that Walter "wished to put himself on a par with the king".
Walter was not a holy man, although he was, as John Gillingham, a historian and biographer of Richard I, says, "one of the most outstanding government ministers in English History". Hugh of Lincoln, a contemporary and later canonised, is said to have asked forgiveness of God for not having rebuked Walter as often as he probably should have. Modern historians tend not to share the older view that Walter was the driving force behind the administrative changes during Richard's reign, that Richard was uninterested in government, and that he left all decisions in the hands of his ministers, especially Longchamp and Walter. The studies of James Holt and others have shown that Richard was highly involved in government decisions, and that it was more a partnership between the king and his ministers. Walter was, however, very innovative in his approach to government. Walter continued to enjoy the support of Richard's brother John, and it was during John's reign that a number of Walter's administrative reforms took place, although how much royal initiative was behind the innovations is unknown, given John's interest in government and administration.
Walter was the butt of jokes about his lack of learning, and was the target of a series of tales from the pen of the chronicler Gerald of Wales. Even Walter's supporters could only state that he was "moderately literate". Walter employed several canon lawyers who had been educated at Bologna in his household, including John of Tynemouth, Simon of Southwell, and Honorius of Kent. He also employed the architect Elias of Dereham, who was one of Walter's executors. Elias is traditionally credited as being the architect of Salisbury Cathedral after Walter's death. Another scholar employed by Walter was Peter of Blois, who served both Walter and his predecessor as a Latin secretary.
Little is known of his appearance, although he was described by Gerald of Wales as tall and handsome. Gerald also praised his intelligence and cleverness.
W. L. Warren advances the theory that either Walter or Geoffrey Fitz Peter, instead of Ranulf Glanvill, was the author of Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Angliae, a legal treatise on the laws and constitutions of the English. Chrimes agrees that Glanvill was probably not the author, and feels that Walter likely was, although he could not be certain. If he was the author, he composed what Chrimes called a "great literary memorial of Henry II's government". Neither of Walter's two modern biographers, however, feel that he was the author of the Tractatus, and the historian Ralph Turner agrees. The historian Michael Clanchy says of Walter "The proliferation of documents was a European and a continuing phenomenon, yet if it were to be associated in England with one man, he would be Hubert Walter."
Notes
Citations
References
1160 births
1205 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
12th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
13th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
Anglo-Normans
Archbishops of Canterbury
Bishops of Salisbury
Butler dynasty
Christians of the Third Crusade
Deans of York
Justiciars of England
Lord chancellors of England
Burials at Canterbury Cathedral
Coroner's courts |
Wm. (William) Mark Simmons, born 1953 in Independence, Missouri, is an American writer best known for his humorous fantasy and horror novels.
Simmons has worked as a journalist, educator, entertainer, and broadcaster, spending more than 30 years in the latter category working in classical music formats for National Public Radio affiliates.
Although he garnered awards as a journalist in his twenties, he did not turn his talents to long-form fiction until his late thirties, publishing his first novel in 1990. A Compton Crook Award finalist, he made Locus Magazine's "Best Lists" in 1991.
A member of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA), Simmons presently lives in Hutchinson, Kansas where he is the Music Director and Classical Morning host for the Radio Kansas network.
In 2010 Simmons was the Interfilk guest musician at FilkOntario 20, a yearly Filk music conference and convention in Ontario, Canada.
Bibliography
The Dreamland Chronicles
In the Net of Dreams (1990, ) (Compton Crook Award finalist; LOCUS Best List, 1991)
When Dreams Collide (1992, )
The Woman of His Dreams (2002)
Anthologised as The Dreamland Chronicles () in 2002.
Chris Cséjthe (Half/Life) series
One Foot in the Grave (1996, )
Dead on My Feet (2003, hardcover, trade paperback)
Habeas Corpses (2005, )
Dead Easy (2007, hardback)
A Witch in Time (2019)
Pathfinder (serialized in episodic novellas)
Pathfinder I (2007, chapbook)
External links
— official website
at SciFan
1953 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
American male novelists
Writers from Independence, Missouri
Radio personalities from Kansas
People from Hutchinson, Kansas
Writers from Kansas
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Missouri |
Oposa v. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, 224 S.C.R.A. 792 (1993), alternatively titled Minors Oposa v. Factoran or Minors Oposa, is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines recognizing the doctrine of intergenerational responsibility on the environment in the Philippine legal system. The case is a contributor to the development of international environmental law.
Background
In 1987, a new Philippine constitution was drafted during a period of growing concern over the preservation of the natural environment and resources of the Philippines. Section 16 of Article II of the 1987 Constitution provides the following state policy: "The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature." On June 10, the Aquino administration created the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) under Executive Order 192.
Around that time, Antonio Oposa, fresh out of law school, formed the Philippine Ecological Network (PEN), one of the first environmental law organizations in the country. In March 1990, PEN, led and counseled by Oposa, filed a suit against DENR Secretary Fulgencio S. Factoran, Jr. on behalf of several minor petitioners, including Oposa's children and relatives. The suit sought to enjoin the DENR Secretary to cancel all existing timber license agreements in the country and to "cease and desist from receiving, accepting, processing, renewing or approving new timber license agreements." The complaint was instituted as a taxpayers' class suit with the petitioners attempting to represent "their generation as well as generations yet unborn." According to Oposa, the case should be called Oposa with Factoran because his friend Kuya Jun Factoran, a human rights lawyer, actually encouraged to sue the government using his name as the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and to include the dozens of children as real-parties-in-interest, while it was the Solicitor-General and the rest of the government making it tougher for him, with Sec. Factoran already imposing new orders that discouraged illegal logging.
In their cause of action, the petitioners stated that the defendant Secretary had granted timber license agreements to various corporations thus cutting an aggregate area of 3.89 million hectares for commercial logging purposes. The petitioners argued that the act of the defendant Secretary constituted a "misappropriation of the natural property resources that he holds in trust for the benefit of the plaintiff minors and succeeding generations." In support of their claim, they invoked their right to a healthy environment under the Constitution, cited the enabling legislation of the DENR, and appealed to natural law. On June 22, 1990, the respondent Secretary filed a motion to dismiss on the grounds that the petitioners had no sufficient cause of action, and that the issue raised was political, not justiciable.
On July 18, 1991, without hearing oral arguments, the Regional Trial Court of Makati granted the motion to dismiss. While acknowledging "that the plaintiffs have the noblest intentions," the court sustained both of the defendant's claims while adding that the relief prayed for would violate the non-impairment of contract clause of the Constitution. The plaintiffs then filed an action for certiorari asking the Supreme Court to rescind and set aside the dismissal on the ground that the lower court judge gravely abused his discretion in dismissing the action.
Decision
Justice Hilario Davide Jr. delivered the unanimous judgment, joined by ten other justices, while Justice Florentino Feliciano gave a separate concurring opinion. The Court granted the petition for certiorari and set aside the decision of the lower court dismissing the initial action. With regards to the cancellation of timber license agreements, however, the Court ordered that the various holders of the agreements be impleaded as indispensable parties to the motion.
Doctrine of intergenerational responsibility
Despite the fact that the respondents did not take issue with the petitioners' legal standing, the Court nevertheless addressed the "special and novel element" of the petitioners representing "their generation and generations yet unborn." In the ponente, the Court spoke of the doctrine of intergenerational responsibility:We find no difficulty in ruling that they can, for themselves, for others of their generation and for the succeeding generations, file a class suit. Their personality to sue in behalf of the succeeding generations can only be based on the concept of intergenerational responsibility insofar as the right to a balanced and healthful ecology is concerned. Such a right, as hereinafter expounded, considers the "rhythm and harmony of nature." Nature means the created world in its entirety. Such rhythm and harmony indispensably include, inter alia, the judicious disposition, utilization, management, renewal and conservation of the country's forest, mineral, land, waters, fisheries, wildlife, off-shore areas and other natural resources to the end that their exploration, development and utilization be equitably accessible to the present as well as future generations. Needless to say, every generation has a responsibility to the next to preserve that rhythm and harmony for the full enjoyment of a balanced and healthful ecology. Put a little differently, the minors' assertion of their right to a sound environment constitutes, at the same time, the performance of their obligation to ensure the protection of that right for the generations to come.
Right to a balanced and healthful ecology
On the merits of the petition, whether the petitioners had a cause of action, the Court recognized the constitutional right to a balanced and healthful ecology under Section 15 and 16 of Article II of the 1987 Constitution as self-executory and judicially enforceable in their present form. The Court interpreted the provisions, stating:While the right to a balanced and healthful ecology is to be found under the Declaration of Principles and State Policies and not under the Bill of Rights, it does not follow that it is less important than any of the civil and political rights enumerated in the latter. Such a right belongs to a different category of rights altogether for it concerns nothing less than self-preservation and self-perpetuation — aptly and fittingly stressed by the petitioners — the advancement of which may even be said to predate all governments and constitutions. As a matter of fact, these basic rights need not even be written in the Constitution for they are assumed to exist from the inception of humankind. If they are now explicitly mentioned in the fundamental charter, it is because of the well-founded fear of its framers that unless the rights to a balanced and healthful ecology and to health are mandated as state policies by the Constitution itself, thereby highlighting their continuing importance and imposing upon the state a solemn obligation to preserve the first and protect and advance the second, the day would not be too far when all else would be lost not only for the present generation, but also for those to come — generations which stand to inherit nothing but parched earth incapable of sustaining life.
Justice Feliciano concurring opinion
In his concurring opinion, Justice Feliciano departs in part with the majority in that he found Sections 15 and 16 of Article II were not self-executing and judicially enforceable in their present form. Thus, although voting to grant the petition for certiorari "because the protection of the environment is of extreme importance of the country," he noted that the decision of the Court should be "subjected to closer examination." Justice Feliciano suggested that the decision of the Supreme Court should be understood as saying that "a more specific right may well exist in our corpus of law, considering the general policy principles of the Constitution" and that "the trial court should have given petitioners an effective opportunity so to demonstrate, instead of aborting the proceedings on a motion to dismiss." He suggests that the petitioners show a "more specific legal right" than the provisions of the Constitution to the trial court.
Aftermath
The petitioners did not pursue a new case after the Supreme Court remanded the case back to the trial court.
After the decision, the Philippine government had inventoried the remnant old growth forests and restricted logging in those areas. The case is recognized in its contribution in the development of international environmental law.
Legacy
In 2008, Antonio Oposa, a Filipino lawyer, was awarded by the Center for International Environmental Law for his contributions to the development and implementation of international environmental law in his native country and internationally.
International environmental law
The case has been used and cited in other national legal jurisdictions in litigation as well as policy formation.
References
This article incorporates text from Philippine Supreme Court documents, which are in the public domain.
Sources
External links
Ruling and concurrences
1993 in the Philippines
Supreme Court of the Philippines cases
1993 in case law |
Brian Humphrey White (born 3 October 1944) is a former English cricketer. White was a left-handed batsman. He was born at Salisbury, Wiltshire.
White made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Wiltshire in 1964 against Dorset. From 1964 to 1991, he represented the county in 162 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Buckinghamshire. White also represented Wiltshire in the MCCA Knockout Trophy making his debut in that competition against Shropshire. From 1983 to 1991, he represented the county in 13 Trophy matches, the last of which came against Devon.
White also represented Wiltshire in List-A cricket. His List-A debut came against Nottinghamshire in the 1965 Gillette Cup. From 1965 to 1991, he represented the county in 9 List-A matches, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1990 NatWest Trophy. He also played 8 List-A matches for Minor Counties South in the Benson and Hedges Cup between 1972 and 1974. In his combined 15 List-A matches, he scored 133 runs at a batting average of 8.86 and a high score of 29.
References
External links
Brian White at Cricinfo
Brian White at CricketArchive
1944 births
Living people
Cricketers from Salisbury
English cricketers
Wiltshire cricketers
Minor Counties cricketers
Wiltshire cricket captains |
Demidyata () is a rural locality (a village) in Klyapovskoye Rural Settlement, Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010.
Geography
Demidyata is located on the Barda River, 25 km east of Beryozovka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zernino is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Beryozovsky District, Perm Krai |
AnyDesk is a remote desktop application distributed by AnyDesk Software GmbH. The proprietary software program provides platform independent remote access to personal computers and other devices running the host application. It offers remote control, file transfer, and VPN functionality. AnyDesk is often used in technical support scams and other remote access scams.
Company
AnyDesk Software GmbH was founded in 2014 in Stuttgart, Germany and now has subsidiaries in the US, China, and Hong Kong, as well as an Innovation Hub in Georgia.
In May 2018, AnyDesk secured 6.5 million Euros of funding in a Series A round led by EQT Ventures. Another round of investment in January 2020 brought AnyDesk to over twenty million dollars of combined funding.
Software
AnyDesk uses a proprietary video codec "DeskRT" that is designed to allow users to experience higher-quality video and sound transmission while reducing the transmitted amount of data to the minimum.
AnyDesk partnered with remote monitoring and management and mobile device management services, such as Atera and Microsoft Intune.
Features
Availability of features is dependent upon the license of the individual user. Some main features include:
Remote access for multiple operating systems (Windows, Linux, macOS, iOS, Android, etc.)
File transfer and manager
Remote Print
VPN
Unattended access
Whiteboard
Auto-Discovery (automatic analysis of local network)
Chat-Function
REST-API
Custom-Clients
Session protocol
Two-Factor-Authentication
Individual host-server
Security
AnyDesk uses TLS-1.2 with authenticated encryption. Every connection between AnyDesk-Clients is secured with AES-256. When a direct network connection can be established, the session is endpoint encrypted and its data is not routed through AnyDesk servers. Additionally, whitelisting of incoming connections is possible.
Abuses
AnyDesk is one of many tools used in technical support scams and other remote access scams. It can be optionally installed on computers and smartphones with full administrative permissions, if the user chooses to do so. This provides the host user with full access to the guest computer over the Internet, and, like all remote desktop applications, is a severe security risk if connected to an untrusted host.
Mobile access fraud
In February 2019, Reserve Bank of India warned of an emerging digital banking fraud, explicitly mentioning AnyDesk as the attack channel. The general scam procedure is as follows: fraudsters get victims to download AnyDesk from the Google Play Store on their mobile phone, usually by mimicking the customer service of legitimate companies. Then, the scammers convince the victim to provide the nine-digit access code and to grant certain permissions. After permissions are obtained and if no other security measures are in place, the scammers usually transfer money using the Indian Unified Payment Interface. A similar scam took place in 2020, according to Kashmir Cyber police. The same method of theft is widely used internationally on either mobile phones or computers: a phone call convinces a person to allow connection to their device, typically from a caller claiming to be a service provider to "solve problems with the computer/phone", warning that Internet service will otherwise be disconnected, or from a caller claiming to be a financial institution because "there have been suspicious withdrawal attempts from your account".
Bundling with ransomware
In May 2018, the Japanese cybersecurity firm Trend Micro discovered that cybercriminals bundled a new ransomware variant with AnyDesk, possibly as an evasion tactic masking the true purpose of the ransomware while it performs its encryption routine.
Technical support scams
Scammers use AnyDesk and similar remote desktop software to obtain full access to the victims' computer by impersonating a technical support person. The victim is asked to download and install AnyDesk and provide the attackers with access. When access is obtained, the attackers can control the computer and move personal files and sensitive data.
In 2017, the UK based ISP TalkTalk banned TeamViewer and similar software from all its networks after scammers cold called victims and talked them into giving access to their computer. The software was removed from the blacklist after setting up a scam warning. In September 2021, the State Bank of India warned customers not to install AnyDesk or similar apps. In March 2022, the Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a cybersecurity advisory noting that AnyDesk software was used in the operations of the AvosLocker ransomware gang.
In 2023 AnyDesk announced the establishment of an "Anti-Fraud Task Force" in partnership with a number of prominent scam baiters such as Jim Browning in an initiative to combat technical support scams and abuse of remote-access software.
See also
Comparison of remote desktop software
Virtual Network Computing
References
External links
Software companies of Germany
Remote desktop
Remote desktop software for Linux
Windows remote administration software
MacOS remote administration software
Linux remote administration software
Portable software
Proprietary cross-platform software
Virtual Network Computing
Web conferencing |
Cornelius Vander Starr (October 15, 1892 – December 20, 1968), sometimes known as Neil Starr, was an American businessman and founder of C.V. Starr & Co. (later known as Starr Companies) in Shanghai, China, which became insurance giant AIG.
AIG grew from an initial market value of $300 million to $180 billion, becoming the largest insurance company in the world.
Early life
Starr was born to parents of Dutch ancestry. His father was a railroad engineer. Starr attended University of California, Berkeley from 1910 to 1911 before dropping out and returning to his hometown of Fort Bragg, California. There he began his first business venture, selling ice cream, at the age of nineteen.
He joined the U.S. Army in 1918 but was never deployed overseas because World War I had ended. Unable to resist a strong urge to travel and understand the world, he joined the Pacific Mail Steamship Company as a clerk in Yokohama, Japan. Later that year, he traveled to Shanghai where he worked for several insurance businesses.
Starr Companies
In 1919 he founded what was then known as American Asiatic Underwriters (later American International Underwriters) in Shanghai, China, a global insurance and investment organization. He was forced to move his operation to New York in 1939, when Japan invaded China. Starr worked for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II and found himself engaged in such work as establishing the OSS insurance intelligence unit with William "Wild Bill" Donovan in 1943 and serving as the chief operative behind former U.S. Army Air Force officer Claire L. Chennault. Chennault is best known for coordinating the OSS-bankrolled American Volunteer Group (better known as the "Flying Tigers") to bring the fight to the Japanese without a declaration of war and return Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek to dominance in China. Starr and the OSS later backed Chiang over Communist leader Mao Zedong.
In 2000, war correspondent and author Mark Fritz wrote in the article entitled The Secret (Insurance) Agent Men for the Los Angeles Times:
They knew which factories to burn, which bridges to blow up, which cargo ships could be sunk in good conscience. They had pothole counts for roads used for invasion and head counts for city blocks marked for incineration. They weren't just secret agents. They were secret insurance agents. These undercover underwriters gave their World War II spymasters access to a global industry that both bankrolled and, ultimately, helped bring down Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.
After World War II, Starr hired O.S.S. captain Duncan Lee, a lawyer, who became the long-term general counsel of AIG.
AIG left China in early 1949, as Mao led the advance of the Communist People's Liberation Army on Shanghai, and Starr moved the company headquarters to its current home in New York City. AIG was the world's largest insurance company, and as of 2021 remains unchallenged in that respect.
Legacy
In 1955 he founded the C. V. Starr Foundation, to which he left his entire residuary estate, after a small amount in the eight figures along with his home in Brewster was awarded to his niece upon his death in 1968. He set up several other trusts for his close relatives. The sum of money left to his niece and relatives (not including the majority of his wealth left to charity) would have been worth several billion USD in the 21st century. Since its founding, the foundation has made more than $3.8 billion in grants worldwide in education, medicine and healthcare, human needs, public policy, culture, and the environment.
The C.V. Starr East Asian Library at Columbia University was named for Starr in recognition of an endowment gift by the Starr Foundation in 1981. Starr's alma mater, Berkeley, is also home to the C. V. Starr East Asian Library, which houses 900,000 volumes in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other East Asian languages, making it one of the top two such collections in the United States outside of the Library of Congress. Students at Hofstra University will know C.V. Starr Hall as home to the Frank G. Zarb School of Business, a state-of-the-art technologically advanced building, which opened for classes in the fall of 2000 and houses the Martin B. Greenberg Trading Room complete with a stock ticker that is delayed only 15 minutes from Wall Street. The C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience in Chestertown, MD, works in conjunction with Washington College to promote the American Pictures Series at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington D.C.
Starr was also an early investor in skiing at Mount Mansfield in Stowe, Vermont, acquiring the Stowe Mountain Resort in 1949. It passed on to AIG in 1988. One of the famous Front Four double diamond trails there is named Starr in his honor, as is the base lodge of the Middlebury Bowl, the private ski slope belonging to Middlebury College in Vermont.
References
An On-line Exhibition: Cornelius Vander Starr, his life and work: https://exhibitions.library.columbia.edu/exhibits/show/cvstarr / exhibit curator, Ria Koopmans-de Bruijn / Published
New York, N.Y. : C.V. Starr East Asian Library, [2015].
External links
The Starr Foundation – information about Cornelius Vander Starr.
C.V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience (archived 1 October 2007)
1892 births
1968 deaths
People from Mendocino County, California
American people of Dutch descent
American expatriates in China
American International Group people
American expatriates in Japan |
La Razón is a Mexican regional daily newspaper in the state of Nuevo León, which was founded in 1979.
History
La Razón was founded in Cadereyta, Nuevo León, on July 29, 1979. The newspaper was founded by Francisco Tijerina González, and Francisco Cerda Muñoz. The newspaper in Tabloid format, measuring 37.5 cm x 28.3 cm, observed a print run of 5000 copies. Its economic model is based on advertising.
Redesign
In October 2011, La Razón launched a redesign that covered both the printed newspaper and the creation of an Internet site. The newspaper also became a weekly publication.
References
Razon
Newspapers |
Margaret Molloy is an Irish businesswoman. Based in New York City, she is the chief marketing officer and head of new development at Siegel+Gale, a strategy and design firm. Molloy is a member of Global Irish Network, an advisory group to the Government of Ireland. Formerly the Board Chairperson for the New York Hub of The Marketing Society, a global community of over 3,000 senior marketers, Molloy is now a board member. In addition to her duties as a board member of The Marketing Society, she serves on the board of directors of ANA Business Marketing NYC and on the board of the Origin Theatre. In 2020, she was a founding member of Chief, a private network built to drive more women into positions of power and keep them there. Furthermore, she serves as a member of The WIE Suite, a private membership community of women leaders and creatives, as well as a member of the Wall Street Journal CMO Network.
Molloy has been published in Harvard Business Review, Fast Company. She is a frequent contributor to LinkedIn and Forbes. Molloy is also the creator of #WearingIrish, a platform which promotes awareness of Irish fashion design.
Early life and education
The eldest of six, Molloy grew up on a dairy farm in Tubber, County Offaly, Ireland. In 1993, she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in business and Spanish from the Ulster University, Northern Ireland, and La Universidad de Valladolid, Spain. She moved to the United States in 1994, and, in 2000, earned a Master of Business Administration from Harvard Business School. Molloy currently resides in Manhattan with her husband, economist Jim O'Sullivan, and their two sons.
Career
Molloy's first role was with Irish state agency Enterprise Ireland. She then went to Harvard Business School to complete her MBA. Afterwards, she worked in various marketing and management positions including SVP of Marketing at professional network Gerson Lehrman Group and leading teams at Siebel Systems (Oracle) where she was a member of the CEO's Circle. In 2013, she was appointed Chief Marketing Officer and head of business development at Siegel+Gale.
#WearingIrish
In early 2016, Molloy launched #WearingIrish to promote Irish fashion by inviting friends to wear garments or accessories by Irish designers during the month of March, and to post their photos on social media using the hashtag #WearingIrish. The platform exposes Ireland's talented fashion designers to new markets, showcasing the originality and skill of Irish design on the global stage. Molloy states, "as a marketer, I am fascinated by the possibilities that social media provides for ordinary citizens to show their support for brands and causes. Connecting all three interests — fashion, marketing, and Irish heritage — I saw an opportunity for people to come together on social media to support Irish designers." In 2019, Molloy and #WearingIrish were featured in a Nationwide special on RTÉ One, Ireland's most watched TV channel.
Some of the brands selected to participate in Wearing Irish: Aine, Triona, Dubarry, Helen Steele.
Awards and honours
Molloy received the 2017 B2B Marketer of the Year award (The Drum). Molloy was also listed by Richtopia as one of the Top 100 Chief Marketing Officers internationally. In November 2019, she was honoured by the Douglas Hyde Foundation.
References
Living people
1970 births
Chief marketing officers
Marketing women
Irish women in business
Irish marketing people
21st-century Irish businesspeople
Alumni of Ulster University
Harvard Business School alumni |
Freedom Summer, also known as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi. Blacks had been restricted from voting since the turn of the century due to barriers to voter registration and other laws. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers such as libraries, in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local Black population.
The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of the Mississippi branches of the four major civil rights organizations (SNCC, CORE, NAACP, and SCLC). Most of the impetus, leadership, and financing for the Summer Project came from SNCC. Bob Moses, SNCC field secretary and co-director of COFO, directed the summer project.
Freedom Vote
Freedom Summer was built on the years of earlier work by thousands of African Americans, connected through their churches, who lived in Mississippi. In 1963, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) organized a mock "Freedom Vote" designed to demonstrate the will of Black Mississippians to vote, if not impeded by terror and intimidation. The Mississippi voting registration procedure at the time required Blacks to fill out a 21-question registration form and to answer, to the satisfaction of the white registrators, a question on the interpretation of any one of 285 sections of the state constitution. The registrars ruled subjectively on the applicant's qualifications, and decided against most blacks, not allowing them to register.
In 1963, volunteers set up polling places in Black churches and business establishments across Mississippi. After registering on a simple registration form, voters would select candidates to run in the following year's election. Candidates included Rev. Ed King of Tougaloo College and Aaron Henry, from Clarksdale, Mississippi. Local civil rights workers and volunteers, along with students from northern and western universities, organized and implemented the mock election, in which tens of thousands voted.
Planning began February 1964
By 1964, students and others had begun the process of integrating public accommodations, registering adults to vote, and above all strengthening a network of local leadership. Building on the efforts of 1963 (including the Freedom Vote and registration efforts in Greenwood), Moses prevailed over doubts among SNCC and COFO workers, and planning for Freedom Summer began in February 1964. Speakers recruited for workers on college campuses across the country, drawing standing ovations for their dedication in braving the routine violence perpetrated by police, sheriffs, and others in Mississippi. SNCC recruiters interviewed dozens of potential volunteers, weeding out those with a "John Brown complex" and informing others that their job that summer would not be to "save the Mississippi Negro" but to work with local leadership to develop the grassroots movement.
More than 1,000 out-of-state volunteers participated in Freedom Summer alongside thousands of black Mississippians. Volunteers were the brightest of their generation, who came from the best universities from the biggest states, mostly from cities in the North (e.g., Chicago, New York City, Detroit, Cleveland, etc.) and West (e.g., Berkeley, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle, etc.), usually were rich, 90 percent were white. About half of them were Jewish. Though SNCC's committee agreed to recruit only one hundred white students for the project in December 1963, white civil rights leaders such as Allard Lowenstein went on and recruited a much larger number of white volunteers, to bring more attention. Two one-week orientation sessions for the volunteers were held at Western College for Women in Oxford, Ohio (now part of Miami University), from June 14 to June 27, after Berea College backed out of hosting the sessions due to alumni pressure against it.
Organizers focused on Mississippi because it had the lowest percentage of any state in the country of African Americans registered to vote, and they constituted more than one-third of the population. In 1962 only 6.7% of eligible black voters were registered.
Southern states had effectively disenfranchised most African Americans and many poor whites in the period from 1890 to 1910 by passing state constitutions, amendments and other laws that imposed burdens on voter registration: charging poll taxes, requiring literacy tests administered subjectively by white registrars, making residency requirements more difficult, as well as elaborate record keeping to document required items. They maintained this exclusion of blacks from politics well into the 1960s, which extended to excluding them from juries and imposing Jim Crow segregation laws for public facilities.
Most of these methods survived US Supreme Court challenges and, if overruled, states had quickly developed new ways to exclude blacks, such as use of grandfather clauses and white primaries. In some cases, would-be voters were harassed economically, as well as by physical assault. Lynchings had been high at the turn of the century and continued for years.
During the ten weeks of Freedom Summer, a number of other organizations provided support for the COFO Summer Project. More than 100 volunteer doctors, nurses, psychologists, medical students and other medical professionals from the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR) provided emergency care for volunteers and local activists, taught health education classes, and advocated improvements in Mississippi's segregated health system.
Volunteer lawyers from the NAACP Legal Defense Fund Inc ("Ink Fund"), National Lawyers Guild, Lawyer's Constitutional Defense Committee (LCDC) an arm of the ACLU, and the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law (LCCR) provided free legal services — handling arrests, freedom of speech, voter registration and other matters.
The Commission on Religion and Race (CORR), an endeavor of the National Council of Churches (NCC), brought Christian and Jewish clergy and divinity students to Mississippi to support the work of the Summer Project. In addition to offering traditional religious support to volunteers and activists, the ministers and rabbis engaged in voting rights protests at courthouses, recruited voter applicants and accompanied them to register, taught in Freedom Schools, and performed office and other support functions.
Violence
Many of Mississippi's white residents deeply resented the outsiders and any attempt to change the residents' society. Locals routinely harassed volunteers. The volunteers' presence in local black communities drew drive-by shootings, Molotov cocktails thrown at host homes, and constant harassment. State and local governments, the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (which was tax-supported and spied on citizens), police, White Citizens' Council, and Ku Klux Klan used arrests, arson, beatings, evictions, firing, murder, spying, and other forms of intimidation and harassment to oppose the project and prevent blacks from registering to vote or achieve social equality.
Over the course of the ten-week project:
1,062 people were arrested (out-of-state volunteers and locals)
80 Freedom Summer workers were beaten
37 churches were bombed or burned
30 Black homes or businesses were bombed or burned
4 civil rights workers were killed (one in a head-on collision)
4 people were critically wounded
At least 3 Mississippi blacks were murdered because of their support for the Civil Rights Movement
Volunteers were attacked almost as soon as the campaign started. On June 21, 1964, James Chaney (a black Congress of Racial Equality [CORE] activist from Mississippi), Andrew Goodman (a summer volunteer), and Michael Schwerner (a CORE organizer) - both Jews from New York City - were arrested by Cecil Price, a Neshoba County deputy sheriff and KKK member. The three were held in jail until after nightfall, then released. They drove away into an ambush on the road by Klansmen, who abducted and killed them. Goodman and Schwerner were shot at point-blank range. Chaney was chased, beaten mercilessly, and shot three times. After weeks of searching in which federal law enforcement participated, on August 4, 1964, their bodies were found to have been buried in an earthen dam. The men's disappearance the night of their release from jail was reported on TV and on newspaper front pages, shocking the nation. It drew massive media attention to Freedom Summer and to Mississippi's "closed society."
When the men went missing, SNCC and COFO workers began phoning the FBI requesting an investigation. The parents of the missing children were able to put so much pressure on Washington that meetings with President Johnson and Attorney General Robert Kennedy were arranged. Finally, after some 36 hours, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy authorized the FBI to get involved in the search. FBI agents began swarming around Philadelphia, Mississippi, where Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner had been arrested after they had investigated the burning of a local black church that was a center for political organizing. For the next seven weeks, FBI agents and sailors from a nearby naval airbase searched for the bodies, wading into swamps and hacking through underbrush. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover went to Mississippi on July 10 to open the first FBI branch office there.
Throughout the search, Mississippi newspapers and word-of-mouth perpetuated the common belief that the disappearance was "a hoax" designed to draw publicity. The search of rivers and swamps turned up the bodies of eight other blacks who appeared to have been murdered: a boy and seven men. Herbert Oarsby, a 14-year-old youth, was found wearing a CORE T-shirt. Charles Eddie Moore was among 600 students expelled in April 1964 from Alcorn A&M for participating in civil rights protests. After he returned home, he was abducted and killed by KKK members in Franklin County, Mississippi on May 2, 1964 with his friend Henry Hezekiah Dee. The other five men were never identified. When they disappeared, their families could not get local law enforcement to investigate.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
With participation in the regular Mississippi Democratic Party blocked by segregationists, COFO established the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) as a non-exclusionary rival to the regular party organization. It intended to gain recognition of the MFDP by the national Democratic Party as the legitimate party organization in Mississippi. Delegates were elected to go to the Democratic national convention to be held that year.
Before the convention was held, Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson gained passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
When the forces of white supremacy continued to block black voter registration, the Summer Project switched to building the MFDP. Though the MFDP challenge had wide support among many convention delegates, Lyndon B. Johnson feared losing Southern support in the coming campaign. He did not allow the MFDP to replace the regulars, but the continuing issue of political oppression in Mississippi was covered widely by the national press.
Freedom Schools
In addition to voter registration and the MFDP, the Summer Project also established a network of 30 to 40 voluntary summer schools – called "Freedom Schools," an educational program proposed by SNCC member, Charlie Cobb – as an alternative to Mississippi's totally segregated and underfunded schools for blacks. Over the course of the summer, more than 3,500 students attended Freedom Schools, which taught subjects that the public schools avoided, such as black history and constitutional rights.
Freedom Schools were held in churches, on back porches, and under the trees of Mississippi. Students ranged from small children to elderly adults, with the average age around 15. Most of the volunteer teachers were college students. Under the direction of Spelman College professor Staughton Lynd, the goal was to teach voter literacy, and political organization skills, as well as academic skills, and to help with confidence. The curriculum was directly linked to the formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. As Ed King, who ran for Lieutenant Governor on the MFDP ticket, stated, "Our assumption was that the parents of the Freedom School children, when we met them at night, that the Freedom Democratic Party would be the PTA."
The Freedom Schools operated on a basis of close interaction and mutual trust between teachers and students. The core curriculum focused on basic literacy and arithmetic, black history and current status, political processes, civil rights, and the freedom movement. The content varied from place to place and day to day according to the questions and interests of the students.
The volunteer Freedom School teachers were as profoundly affected by their experience as were the students. Pam Parker, a teacher in the Holly Springs school, wrote of the experience:
The atmosphere in the class is unbelievable. It is what every teacher dreams about — real, honest enthusiasm and desire to learn anything and everything. The girls come to class of their own free will. They respond to everything that is said. They are excited about learning. They drain me of everything that I have to offer so that I go home at night completely exhausted but very happy in spirit ...
Freedom Libraries
Approximately fifty Freedom libraries were established throughout Mississippi. These libraries provided library services and literacy guidance for many African Americans, some who had never had access to libraries before. Freedom Libraries ranged in size from a few hundred volumes to more than 20,000. The Freedom Libraries operated on small budgets and were usually run by volunteers. Some libraries were housed in newly constructed facilities while others were located in abandoned buildings.
Freedom Houses
The volunteers were housed by local black families who refused to be intimidated by segregationist threats of violence. However, project organizers were unable to place all the volunteers in private homes. To accommodate the overflow, the remaining volunteers were placed either in the project office or in Freedom Houses. Volunteers believed that it was important to free themselves from their race and class backgrounds, so the Freedom Houses would become places where cultural exchange would happen, so the Freedom Houses were free from segregation.
Of course, the practice of group living was already well established among American college students, for example, and soon the houses became communal living centers. Freedom houses also played a significant role in the volunteers' sexual activities during the summer. They considered themselves free from the restraints of racism and consequently free to truly love one another. As such, for many of them, interracial sex became the ultimate expression of SNCC ideology, which emphasized the notions of freedom and equality. At the beginning of the summer the Freedom Houses were places to accommodate the overflow of volunteers, but in the eyes of volunteers by the end of summer they had become structural and symbolical expressions of the link between personal and political change. One volunteer said:
You never knew what was going to happen [in the Freedom Houses] from one minute to the next ... I slept on the cot ... on a kind of side porch ... and ... I'd drag in some nights and there'd ... be a wild party raging on the porch. So I'd drag my cot off in search of a quiet corner ... [only to find] an intense philosophical discussion going on in one corner ... people making peanut butter sandwiches-always peanut butter ... in another ... [And] some soap opera ... romantic entanglement being played out in another ... It was real three-ring circus
Aftermath
Freedom Summer did not succeed in getting many voters registered, but it had a significant effect on the course of the Civil Rights Movement. It helped break down the decades of isolation and repression that had supported the Jim Crow system. Before Freedom Summer, the national news media had paid little attention to the persecution of black voters in the Deep South and the dangers endured by black civil rights workers. The events that summer had captured national attention (as had the mass protests and demonstrations in previous years). Some black activists felt the media had reacted only because northern white students were killed and felt embittered. Many blacks also felt the white students were condescending and paternalistic to the local people and were ascending to an inappropriate dominance over the civil rights movement. Leading up to the November 1964 election, repression persisted in Mississippi, with nuisance arrests, beatings, and church burnings continuing. The discontent with the white students and the increasing need for armed defense against segregationists helped create demand for a black power direction in SNCC.
Many of the volunteers have recounted that the summer was one of the defining periods of their lives. They had trouble readjusting to life outside Mississippi. They came with a positive image of the government, but the events of the Freedom Summer upset this simplistic distinction between 'good guys' and 'bad guys'. They saw that those two ideas were linked together. They experienced such lawlessness that they became critical toward American society and federal agencies, like the FBI. Most of the volunteers became politicized in Mississippi. They left intent on carrying on the fight in the North. After that summer, many Christians faced a religious crisis. Personal transformation of volunteers led to social changes. It increased student activity in the civil rights movement. These students also played a role later in the resurgence of leftist activism in the United States.
Long-term volunteers staffed the COFO and SNCC offices throughout Mississippi. After the flood of summer workers in 1964, their leadership decided that projects should continue the following summer, but under the direction of local leadership. This was challenged by Northern establishment members of the coalition, beginning with Americans for Democratic Action, who also disapproved of the MFDP. This encouraged the NAACP to withdraw from COFO, both because they did not want to anger liberal Democrats, and because they resented the organizational competition from SNCC. After the MFDP was denied voting status at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, Bob Moses was deeply disillusioned and bowed out of both MFDP and COFO. COFO collapsed in 1965, leaving organizing priorities to be set by locals.
Among many notable veterans of Freedom Summer were Heather Booth, Marshall Ganz, and Mario Savio. After the summer, Heather Booth returned to Illinois, where she became a founder of the Chicago Women's Liberation Union and later the Midwest Academy. Marshall Ganz returned to California, where he worked for many years on the staff of the United Farm Workers. He later taught organizing strategies. In 2008 he played a crucial role in organizing Barack Obama's field staff for the campaign. Mario Savio returned to the University of California, Berkeley, where he became a leader of the Free Speech Movement.
In Mississippi, controversy raged over the three murders. Mississippi state and local officials did not indict anyone. The FBI continued to investigate. Agents infiltrated the KKK and paid informers to reveal secrets of their "klaverns". In the fall of 1964, informants told the FBI about the murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner. On December 4, the FBI arrested 19 men as suspects.
All were freed on a technicality, starting a three-year battle to bring them to justice. In October 1967, the men, including the Klan's Imperial Wizard Samuel Bowers, who had allegedly ordered the murders, went on trial in the federal courthouse in Meridian. Seven were ultimately convicted of federal crimes related to the murders. All were sentenced to 3–10 years, but none served more than six years. This marked the first time since Reconstruction era that white men had been convicted of civil rights violations against blacks in Mississippi.
Mississippi began to make some racial progress but white supremacy was resilient, especially in rural areas. In 1965 Congress passed the federal Voting Rights Act, which provided for federal oversight and enforcement to facilitate registration and voting in areas of historically low turnout. Mississippi's legislature passed several laws to dilute the power of black votes. Only with Supreme Court rulings and more than a decade of cooling did black voting become a reality in Mississippi. The seeds planted during Freedom Summer bore fruit in the 1980s and 1990s, when Mississippi elected more black officials than any other state. Since redistricting in 2003, Mississippi has had four congressional districts. Mississippi's 2nd congressional district, covering a concentration of black population in the western part of the state, including the Mississippi Delta, is black majority.
Renewed investigation of the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner led to a trial by the state in 2005. As a result of investigative reporting by Jerry Mitchell (an award-winning reporter for the Jackson Clarion-Ledger), high school teacher Barry Bradford, and three of his students from Illinois (Brittany Saltiel, Sarah Siegel, and Allison Nichols), Edgar Ray Killen, one of the leaders of the killings and a former Ku Klux Klan klavern recruiter, was indicted for murder. He was convicted of three counts of manslaughter. The Killen verdict was announced on June 21, 2005, the forty-first anniversary of the crime. Killen's lawyers appealed the verdict, but his sentence of 3 times 20 years in prison was upheld on January 12, 2007, in a hearing by the Supreme Court of Mississippi.
See also
African-American–Jewish relations
Carpenters for Christmas
Summer in Mississippi
References
Bibliography
Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (Harvard University Press, 1981).
Doug McAdam, Freedom Summer (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988).
Bruce Watson, Freedom Summer: The Savage Season That Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy (New York, NY: Viking, 2010).
Further reading
Hamer, Fannie Lou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yHD3UlfZAFMC The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell it Like it is'], Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2011. .
Sally Belfrage, Freedom Summer (University of Virginia Press, 1965, reissued 1990).
Susie Erenrich, editor, Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: An Anthology of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (Montgomery, AL: Black Belt Press, 1999).
Matt Herron, Mississippi Eyes: The Story and Photography of the Southern Documentary Project, Talking Fingers Publications, 2014
Adam Hochschild, Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels (Syracuse University Press, 1997), "Summer of Violence," pp. 140–150. .
William Sturkey and Jon Hale, eds., To Write in the Light of Freedom: Newspapers of the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Schools'' (Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2015)
Steven M. Gillon "10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America" (Three Rivers Press, New York, 2006)
External links
SNCC Digital Gateway: Freedom Summer Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-out
Mississippi Freedom Summer (Amistad Digital Resource)
Freedom Summer Digital Collection - Miami University of Ohio
Freedom Summer National Conference - 2009 - Miami University of Ohio
Freedom Summer 50th Miami University of Ohio, 2014
Mississippi Burning (LBJ tapes and documents) - University of Virginia
Freedom Summer, Mississippi 1964 ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive
Photos of Freedom Summer ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive
Freedom On My Mind a documentary distributed by California Newsreel
"We had Sneakers, They Had Guns,". Webcast and event flier essay from the Library of Congress, American Folklife Center, May 5, 2009 lecture. Illustrator and journalist Tracy Sugarman describes his experiences covering the voting registration efforts during the 1964 "Freedom Summer." The talk is related to the publication of Sugarman's book of the same title. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
Mississippi & Freedom Summer - The Civil Rights Movements of the 1960s
1964: Freedom Summer - University of Southern Mississippi
SNCC History and Geography from the Mapping American Social Movements project at the University of Washington
Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive (USM)
Oh Freedom Over Me - American RadioWorks
Mississippi Digital Library Original photographs, documents oral history, letters from the Mississippi freedom movement
Carpenters for Christmas Project to Rebuild Antioch Missionary Baptist Church, Tippah County, Mississippi, burned after a speech held there by Fannie Lou Hamer
The 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum ~ Education and Democracy
Freedom Summer, Civil Rights Digital Library
1964 in Mississippi
1964 in the United States
1964 protests
African-American history of Mississippi
Civil rights movement
History of African-American civil rights
History of voting rights in the United States
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee |
PS-24 Sukkur-III () is a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh.
General elections 2018
General elections 2013
General elections 2008
See also
PS-23 Sukkur-II
PS-25 Sukkur-IV
References
External links
Election commission Pakistan's official website
Awazoday.com check result
Official Website of Government of Sindh
Constituencies of Sindh |
Tylosis maculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1850.
References
Trachyderini
Beetles described in 1850
Taxa named by John Lawrence LeConte |
The 2011 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cougars, led by head coach Bronco Mendenhall, played their home games at LaVell Edwards Stadium. This was the first year they competed as an independent in football. They finished the season 10–3 and were invited to the Armed Forces Bowl where they defeated Tulsa 24–21.
2011 media
The school announced that the annual BYU Football Media days would be July 12, 2011 and would be broadcast live on BYUtv. Special question and answer segments with current players and BYU Hall of Famers would take place throughout the day on BYUtv.org. Having no other sports to broadcast that day, ESPN announced they would simulcast two of the events live on ESPN3. All games will be broadcast on KSL 102.7 FM and 1160 AM, on the internet at KSL.com, and through the various BYU Cougars sport network affiliates. Additionally BYUtv will broadcast a one-hour pregame show live (called Countdown to Kickoff and hosted by Dave McCann, Alema Harrington, and David Nixon) followed by a Post-game Show with Interviews from players and coaches about the games outcome. The Bronco Mendenhall Monday Press Conference will be shown live every Monday on www.byutv.org (live events link) instead of the actual BYUtv Channel. BYUtv Sports will also be able to provide their own announcers for the BYUtv Gameday Replay of all home games with Dave McCann doing play-by-play, Gary Sheide or Blaine Fowler doing color commentary, and Robbie Bullough or Jarom Jordan doing sideline reporting.
BYU Radio Sports Network Affiliates
KSL 102.7 FM and 1160 AM – Flagship Station (Salt Lake City/ Provo, UT and ksl.com)
BYU Radio – Nationwide (Dish Network 980, Sirius XM 143, and byuradio.org)
KIDO – Boise, ID [football only]
KTHK – Blackfoot/ Idaho Falls/ Pocatello/ Rexburg, ID
KMGR – Manti, UT
KSUB – Cedar City, UT
KDXU – St. George, UT
KSHP – Las Vegas, NV [football only]
KNZZ – Grand Junction, CO [football only]
Schedule
Roster
Rankings
Regular season
Mississippi
BYU's first game as a football independent.
Sources:
Texas
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Utah
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Central Florida
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Utah State
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San Jose State
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Oregon State
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Idaho State
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TCU
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Idaho
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New Mexico State
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Hawaii
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Armed Forces Bowl- Tulsa
Sources:
Cody Hoffman (BYU) was voted the offensive MVP of the game because of his 3 Touchdown Receptions and Dexter McCoil (Tulsa) was voted the defensive MVP of the game because of his 2 Interceptions. Kyle Van Noy was 2nd in the defensive MVP voting.
Season news
During Spring Training QB Jake Heaps was named one of the top 3 non-AQ players to watch in 2011 by ESPN's Andrea Adelson.
Rivals.com named OT Matt Reynolds as No. 24 on their top 100 countdown in 2011. Reynolds would later be named on ESPN's Pre-Season All-American team.
At the Utah State game, Brandon Doman proposed benching Heaps and seeing what Riley Nelson could do. Nelson rallied the Cougars to beat the Aggies and would become the starting QB for every game he was healthy in the rest of the season. Nelson would go on to win 4 FBS Independent Player of the Week awards.
BYU decided to add running back Michael Alisa to their running back rotation at homecoming. Alisa would become the starting RB for the rest of the season after going for 91 yards on 16 carries.
Matt Putnam was ruled eligible for the Cougars starting in October and became one of the many linebacker beasts.
On November 7, Bronco Mendenhall announced that senior Jordan Pendleton would have season ending knee surgery. As a tribute for his teammates play and attitude, Kyle Van Noy would wear his number at senior night. Pendleton won two FBS Independent defensive player of the week awards during his senior season.
On December 5, Jake Heaps announced he would transfer after the semester ended. James Lark would resume the backup QB role for the bowl game and for the 2012 season. It was later announced he would transfer to Kansas.
References
BYU
BYU Cougars football seasons
Armed Forces Bowl champion seasons
BYU Cougars football |
Doryrhamphus japonicus, or the Honshu pipefish, is a species of flagtail pipefish from the genus Doryrhamphus that occurs in the Western Pacific Ocean, from Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea, to Sulawesi, Indonesia, the Philippines, and north as far as Honshu, Japan and Korea. It is a marine demersal pipefish that inhabits coastal lagoons, rocky and coral reefs, and tidal pools down to as deep as but it is unusual below . This species is frequently found in association with sea urchins of the genus Diadema and with sponges. It is an active cleaner, feeding on parasites found on other fishes. It frequently shares crevices with shrimps, large mud crabs and occasionally moray eels.
References
External links
japonicus
Fish described in 1975 |
Maen Castle is an Iron Age promontory fort or 'cliff castle' close to Land's End in Cornwall. It is one of only two fortified sites in Cornwall where Early Iron Age pottery has been found. Excavations took place in 1939 and 1948-9 and about 300 sherds were unearthed.
The defences comprise a stone rampart, ditch and counterscarp bank built across the neck of the headland, with almost sheer cliffs on two sides and a steep slope on the third. There are some indications that the site may have been occupied before these defences were constructed.
See also
List of hill forts in England
List of hill forts in Scotland
List of hill forts in Wales
References
External links
Maen Castle Retrieved 14 May 2007.
Hill forts in Cornwall
Iron Age sites in Cornwall
Sennen |
Beer Barrel Polecats is a 1946 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the 88th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.
Plot
Unable to find any bars selling beer, the Stooges opt to become bootleggers and brew some of the stuff themselves. When all three of them try to mix the same amount of ingredients at the same time the brew explodes. Ultimately the Stooges succeed in making bottles of beer but an unassuming Curly sells a bottle at the black market price to a detective, landing the trio in jail. Curly tries to smuggle a barrel of beer in jail under his overcoat, but the barrel explodes under the heat of lights while the trio has their mugshots taken.
While in prison, the Stooges begin to plot their escape, and end up destroying the saws being used to whittle down the iron bars in their cell. A few days later, the Stooges have a run-in with a fellow convict (Joe Palma), leading them to accidentally knock the warden (Vernon Dent) out cold, and they are sent to the rock pile. While hammering away, the boys recall an old friend who is also in the clink, Percy Pomeroy (Eddie Laughton), and work together to flee the prison. They are ultimately captured, and sent to solitary confinement.
After nearly half a century later, the graying trio are finally released as senior citizens, in which Curly quips upon leaving "You know what I'm-a gonna do? I'm gonna get myself a tall, big, beautiful bottle of beer!" Upon hearing this, Moe and Larry beat up Curly and make the warden put Curly back in jail so both of them would avoid any further trouble.
Production notes
The title Beer Barrel Polecats is a pun of the song "Beer Barrel Polka". The idea of producing and selling their own beer during Prohibition was borrowed from Laurel and Hardy's 1931 film, Pardon Us.
When the Stooges drop their iron balls chained to their legs, the NBC Chimes are heard, a gag recycled from the team's 1937 short Back to the Woods.
A colorized version of this film was released in 2007 as part of the DVD collection "Hapless Half-Wits."
This short also marks the final appearance of the late Eddie Laughton, who died in 1952, the same year Curly, Duke York, and Dick Curtis all died.
Curly's illness
Beer Barrel Polecats was filmed over two days on April 25–26, 1945, several months after Curly Howard suffered a minor stroke. His resulting performances were marred by slurred speech and slower timing. DVD Talk critic Stuart Galbraith IV noted that Curly looked "notably thinner (Curly, Moe, and Larry are about the same weight in this) and inexpressive throughout, his face almost like a mask." Curly's illness prevented him from maintaining the vitality for the duration of the normal 4-5 day filming schedule. To compensate for his unavailability, director Jules White utilized footage from In the Sweet Pie and Pie and So Long Mr. Chumps, which featured a healthier and heavier Curly. However, according to threestooges.net, a possible lawsuit by comedian Harold Lloyd resulted in a hastily reworked script; this prompted the use of older footage in the film, and was not related to Curly's illness.
References
External links
Beer Barrel Polecats at threestooges.net
1946 films
Columbia Pictures short films
The Three Stooges films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Jules White
1946 comedy films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films |
Drohobych (, ; ; ) is a city of regional significance in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Drohobych Raion and hosts the administration of Drohobych urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. In 1939–1941 and 1944–1959 it was the center of Drohobych Oblast.
The city was founded at the end of eleventh century as an important trading post and transport node between Kyiv Rus' and the lands to the West of Rus'. After extinction of the local Ruthenian dynasty and subsequent incorporation of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia into the Polish Kingdom by 1349, from the fifteenth century the city was developing as a mercantile and saltworks centre. Drohobych became part of the Habsburg Empire in 1772 after the first partition of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In the mid-nineteenth century it became Europe's largest oil extraction center, which significantly contributed to its rapid development. In the renascent, interwar Poland it was the center of a county within the Lwów Voivodeship. In the outcome of World War II the city was incorporated into the Ukrainian part of the Soviet Union, which in 1991 became the independent Ukraine.
The city was the birthplace of such well-known personalities like Elisabeth Bergner, Yuriy Drohobych (Kotermak), Ivan Franko and Bruno Schulz. The city has several oil refineries. The Drohobych saltworks are considered to be the oldest in Europe. The estimated population of the city is
History
While there are only legendary accounts of it, Drohobych probably existed in the Kievan Rus' period. According to a legend, there was a settlement, called Bych, of salt-traders. When Bych was destroyed in a Cumanian raid, survivors rebuilt the settlement in a nearby location under its current name which means a Second Bych. In the time of Kievan Rus', the Tustan fortress was built near Drohobych. However, scholars perceive this legend with skepticism, pointing out that Drohobych is a Polish pronunciation of Dorogobuzh, a common East Slavic toponym applied to three different towns in Kievan Rus'.
The city was first mentioned in 1387 in the municipal records of Lviv, in connection with a man named Martin (or Marcin) of Drohobych. Furthermore, the same chronicler's List of all Ruthenian cities, the farther and the near ones in Voskresensky Chronicle (dated 1377–82) mentions "Другабець" (Druhabets') among other cities in Volhynia that existed at the same time such as Холмъ (Kholm), Лвовъ Великій (Lviv the Great).
In 1392 Polish king Vladislav II ordered the construction of the first Roman Catholic municipal parish church (Polish: Kosciół farny), using the foundations of older Ruthenian buildings. In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the city was the center of large rural starostvo (county within the Ruthenian Voivodeship).
Drohobych received Magdeburg rights some time in the 15th century (sources differ as to the exact year, some giving 1422 or 1460, or 1496 but in 1506 the rights were confirmed by King Alexander the Jagiellonian). The salt industry was significant in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.
From the early seventeenth century, a Ukrainian Catholic brotherhood existed in the city. In 1648, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the Cossacks stormed the city and its cathedral. Most of the local Poles, as well as the Greek Catholics and the Jews, were murdered at the time, while some managed to survive in the Bell tower not taken in the raid. The 1772 partition of Poland gave the city to the Habsburg monarchy. In the 19th century, significant oil resources were discovered in the area, making the city an important center of the oil and natural gas industries.
After World War I, the area became part of the short-lived independent West Ukrainian People's Republic (Zakhidnoukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika; ZUNR). The ZUNR was taken over by the Second Polish Republic after the Polish–Ukrainian War and Drohobych became part of the Lwów Voivodeship in 1919. In 1928 the still extant Ukrainian private gymnasium (academically oriented secondary school) opened in the center of the city. The population reached some 40,000 in the late 1920s, and its oil refinery at Polmin became one of the biggest in Europe, employing 800 people. Numerous visitors came there to view the wooden Greek Catholic churches, among them the Church of St. Yur, which was regarded as the most beautiful such construction in the Second Polish Republic, with frescoes from 1691. Drohobych was also a major sports center (see: Junak Drohobycz).
In September 1939, after the German and Soviet invasion of Poland and according to the Ribbentrop-Molotov agreement, the city was annexed to Soviet Ukraine. After the invasion Nazi Germany wanted to incorporate the city into its General Government due to its oil fields, but the USSR refused and annexed it. In Soviet Ukraine, Drohobych became the center of the Drohobych Oblast (region). Its local Polish boy scouts created the White Couriers organization, which in late 1939 and early 1940 smuggled hundreds of people from the Soviet Union to Hungary across the Soviet-Hungarian border in the Carpathian Mountains. In early July 1941, during the first weeks of the Nazi invasion of the USSR, the city was occupied by Nazi Germany.
Pre-war Drohobych had a significant Jewish community of about 15,000 people, 40% of the total population. Immediately after the Germans entered the city, Ukrainian nationalists started a pogrom which lasted for three days, supported by the Wehrmacht. During 1942 there were several selections, deportations, and murders in the streets, again led by German troops and Ukrainian Auxiliary Police. In October 1942, Drohobych ghetto was established with approximately 10,000 prisoners, including Jews brought from neighboring localities. In June 1943, the German administration and troops liquidated the ghetto. Only 800 Jews from Drohobych survived. On 6 August 1944, the German occupation ended and the Red Army entered the city. Despite the large Jewish population prior to the war, a current resident has stated that he was one of only two Jews who came back to his village to live after 1945. After the war, the city remained an oblast center until the Drohobych Oblast was incorporated into the Lviv Oblast in 1959. In Soviet times, Drohobych became an important industrial center of Western Ukraine, with highly developed oil-refining, machine building, woodworking, food, and light industries.
Until 18 July 2020, Drohobych was designated as a city of oblast significance and belonged to Drohobych Municipality but not to Drohobych Raion, even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, Drohobych Municipality was merged into Drohobych Raion.
Demographics
The population of Drohobych over the years was:
1931 – 32,300
1959 – 42,000
1978 – 65,998
1989 – 77,571
2001 – 79,119
2010 – 78,368
2022 – 73,682
Drohobych district
In 1931, the total population of the Drohobych district was 194,456, distributed among various languages:
Polish: 91,935 (47.3%)
Ukrainian: 79,214 (40.7%)
Yiddish: 20,484 (10.5%)
In January 2007, the total population of the metropolitan area was over 103,000 inhabitants.
Geography
Climate
Economy
Industries currently based in the city include oil-refineries, chemicals, machinery, metallurgy, and food processing. One of the indusrty that is no less significant is salt mining. Salt deposits in the city are remarcable, therefore one of the most popular symbols of Drohobych is salt, which is depicted on the emblem.
Sport
The city was home to one of Poland's best pre-war football clubs; Junak Drohobycz. It was disbanded in 1939 due to the Soviet invasion of Poland.
Halychyna Drohobych, founded in 1989 as Naftovyk Drohobych currently represents the city.
Sights
St. George's Church, Drohobych (c. 1500)
St. Bartholomew Church, Drohobych (1392–16th century)
its bell tower, former castle tower (late 13th century and 15th century)
Ascension Church, Drohobych (late 15th century)
Holy Cross Church, Drohobych (early 16th century)
Choral Synagogue (1842–1865)
Progressive Synagogue, Drohobych
City Hall, Drohobych (1920s)
St. Peter's and Paul's Monastery, Drohobych
Drohobych Museum
Notable people
Politics
Zenon Kossak, Ukrainian military and political leader (born here)
Andriy Melnyk, Ukrainian military and political leader (born near Drohobych)
David Horowitz (economist), Israeli economist and the first Governor of the Bank of Israel.
Leon Reich (1879–1929), lawyer and member of the Sejm of Poland (born here)
Arts
Ivan Franko, Ukrainian poet and writer, born in Nahuievychi, near Drohobych
Irene Frisch, Jewish-Polish writer and memoirist
Leopold Gottlieb, Jewish-Polish painter
Maurycy Gottlieb, Jewish-Polish painter
Diana Reiter, Jewish-Polish architect, victim of Holocaust
Ephraim Moses Lilien, Jewish-Zionist painter
Alfred Schreyer, Jewish-Polish vocalist and violinist
Bruno Schulz, Polish-Jewish writer, graphic artist, and literary critic
Kazimierz Wierzyński, Polish poet and writer
David Grunschlag, violinist, founding member and concertmaster of Israel philharmonic orchestra (1936-1959) first violinist Philadelphia Orchestra (1960-1984)
Other fields
Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt, Polish war hero
Yuriy Drohobych, first doctor of medicine in Ukraine, 1481–1482 rector of the University of Bologna
Yaroslav Popovych, cyclist (born here)
Józef Schreier, Polish-Jewish mathematician
Viktor Vekselberg, Russian oligarch
Twin towns and sister cities
Drohobych is twinned with:
References
External links
Drohobych Info - biggest news site
Drohobych - city portal
Drohobych.com - Drohobych city administration website
Drohobych in Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine database
Drohobych the King's city
Drohobych.Net
Stories by Irene Frisch, a Drohobych-born Holocaust Survivor
Drohobych in Encyclopedia of Ukraine
Seminary of Blessed Martyrs Severyn, Yakym and Vitalij of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, in Drohobych
Drohobych during the period of Nazism (PHOTOS)
Cities in Lviv Oblast
Lwów Voivodeship
Ruthenian Voivodeship
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine
Holocaust locations in Ukraine
Populated places on the Dniester River in Ukraine
Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine |
Frank Henry Kerrigan (September 17, 1868 – February 9, 1935) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. He also served for nearly 30 years as a California state court judge, and was an associate justice of the California Supreme Court from January 8, 1923, to February 11, 1924.
Education and career
Kerrigan was born in Contra Costa County, California, to Henry Kerrigan and Elizabeth Donlin, and attended the local schools. Kerrigan then studied at University of California, Hastings College of the Law and read law to enter the bar in 1889. From 1890 to 1900, Kerrigan was in private practice in San Francisco, California. During this time, from 1894 to 1900, he was also a justice of the peace in San Francisco, and in January 1896 was made presiding justice of the court. When he resigned from the city court, Governor Henry Gage named Percy V. Long as a replacement.
State judicial service
Kerrigan was elected a judge of the San Francisco County Superior Court from 1900 to 1906. In November 1900, he won election to a four-year unexpired term, at the same time future Supreme Court judges William P. Lawlor and M. C. Sloss won full terms on the Superior Court. In 1904, Kerrigan was re-elected to a new term on the trial bench. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire, a test case was brought before Judge Kerrigan to establish land title since so many legal records were destroyed. Governor George Pardee appointed John A. Hosmer to Kerrigan's Superior Court seat when he went to the state appellate court.
In November 1906, Kerrigan was nominated on the Republican Party ticket and elected as an associate justice of the newly created California District Court of Appeals, First District. He held this seat from January 8, 1907 to January 7, 1923. The three judges elected in 1906 drew straws to determine length of term, and Kerrigan drew an eight-year term. In May 1907, Kerrigan was nearly run over by an automobile at the corner of Sutter and Gough Streets. In 1914, he ran successfully for re-election. In April 1920, he temporarily sat on the Supreme Court to fill the vacancy of Justice Lucien Shaw. At that time, Kerrigan sought the appointment to the open seat of Justice Henry A. Melvin, who died during his term. But Governor William Stephens named William A. Sloane to the position instead. Again, in November 1921, Kerrigan was a strong contender for appointment to the high court when Frank M. Angellotti retired, but he was not picked.
In November 1922, Kerrigan won election as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California, serving from January 8, 1923, to February 11, 1924. In the election, he and Emmett Seawell replaced incumbent justices William Sloane and Charles A. Shurtleff.
Federal judicial service
Kerrigan was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge on January 21, 1924, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of California vacated by Judge William Cary Van Fleet. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 28, 1924, and received his commission the same day. In February 1932, he was the trial judge for the case seeking to block construction of the Golden Gate Bridge, in which he upheld the legality of the special purpose district. In September 1932, during Prohibition, he ruled bottles and bottle caps had potentially legal uses and were not in violation of the national dry laws. Kerrigan died in office on February 9, 1935, in San Francisco. In August 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced that Superior Court Judge Michael Joseph Roche would succeed Kerrigan, instead of Congressman Clarence F. Lea, who had sought the post.
Clubs
Kerrigan was an early bicycle aficionado, and was president of both the Associated Cycling Clubs in 1897, and the next year of the Bay City Wheelmen. In 1900, he was grandmaster of the 20-mile road race for the Baker & Hamilton Trophy. In 1904, he awarded the winner of the mile bicycle race the Frank Kerrigan cup. In December 1909, Kerrigan and his friends in the Olympic Club ran a four mile course capped by a mid-winter swim in the Pacific Ocean. He also belonged to the California Club, where he competed in tournament tennis. Kerrigan was a member of the Native Sons of the Golden West, and the Order of Eastern Star.
Personal life
On November 29, 1905, Kerrigan married Jessie McNab. The couple reconciled after a separation from 1915 to 1918, and in 1920 they divorced. They had two children, Stewart and Jane.
See also
List of justices of the Supreme Court of California
References
Sources
External links
Frank H. Kerrigan. California Supreme Court Historical Society.
Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017.
Past & Present Justices. California Court of Appeal, First District.
1868 births
1935 deaths
Justices of the Supreme Court of California
Judges of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
United States district court judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge
20th-century American judges
University of California College of the Law, San Francisco alumni
United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Judges of the California Courts of Appeal
Superior court judges in the United States
California Republicans |
John Wilford Blackstone Sr. (October 18, 1796October 15, 1868) was an American lawyer and Wisconsin pioneer. He was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Wisconsin Territory, and served as County Judge of Iowa County, when it was still organized under the Michigan Territory.
Biography
Blackstone's parents were born in Connecticut Colony, but relocated to Madison, Madison County, New York, where John Wilford Blakstone was born in 1796. He was educated at public schools in Madison until age 17, when he attended Hamilton College in Oneida County, New York. He graduated in 1819.
Three months prior to his graduation, he adventured with a friend by boat up the Allegheny River, onto the Ohio, and then down the Mississippi to Memphis, Tennessee. They took a stash of merchandise with them and visited several towns and camps along the banks of the rivers, trading their goods until they were all exhausted. He returned from Memphis to New York and, on his arrival, began to study law. In 1822 he was admitted to the New York State Bar. Over the next few years, he would study medicine and spend two years in Canada.
In 1828, he permanently removed to the west, setting out on another boat up the Allegheny. He arrived first at Shawneetown, Illinois, then resided for a time at Galena, Illinois, then moving, that winter, to Mineral Point, Wisconsin, then in the Michigan Territory, where he would remain for two years, working in the lead mining industry and practicing law. In 1830, after the organization of Iowa County, he was made a county judge. At the time, Iowa County contained all the land in Wisconsin south of the Wisconsin River and west of the river's major bend.
In 1832, he volunteered for the Michigan Territory Militia in the Black Hawk War and was made a Lieutenant under Colonel Henry Dodge. After the war, in 1833, he married Catherine Hammond, the widow of Blackstone's former partner James Hammond, at Galena.
In the spring of 1835, he purchased a farm near White Oak Springs, where he would reside for the rest of his life. In 1838, after the separation of Iowa Territory from Wisconsin Territory, he would be elected to the 2nd Wisconsin Territorial Legislature as a representative of Iowa County. At the first session of that legislature, during the winter of 1838-39, he was chosen as Speaker.
In 1847, his home fell into the newly organized Lafayette County, created from the southern half of what remained of Iowa County. He was a member of the first grand jury of White Oak Springs, in 1847, and, in 1849, was a member of the first County Board of Supervisors. He would remain on the Board of Supervisors as the representative of White Oak Springs through the 1861 session, and served as chairman of the County Board from 1858 through 1860.
He died in 1868 and was buried at the family farm.
Personal life and family
Blackstone is a direct descendant of William Blaxton (Blackstone), one of the first colonists of the Plymouth Colony, and the first English resident at Boston (1623) and Rhode Island (1635). The name "Blackstone" appears on many landmarks of New England due to his noteworthy ancestor.
Blackstone married Mrs. Catherine (or Katharine) Hammond in Galena, Illinois, on April 4, 1833. She had one daughter from her previous marriage. They had seven children together. Their son John W. Blackstone Jr. served in the Wisconsin state legislature and was also a county judge.
References
External links
1796 births
1868 deaths
People from Madison County, New York
People from Lafayette County, Wisconsin
Hamilton College (New York) alumni
New York (state) lawyers
Wisconsin lawyers
Michigan Territory officials
Members of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature
American people of the Black Hawk War
County supervisors in Wisconsin
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers |
Subliminal Groove Records is an independent record label focused on niche extreme metal bands. The label was founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 2012 by Justin Lee and has developed a reputation for signing progressive and underground artists. It is most active in online distribution and social media, while expansions of physical presence are planned.
History
Subliminal Groove Records was founded by Justin Lee in 2012 shortly after his graduation from McGill University and while on tour with Stormwalker, Ascariasis, and The Afterimage. Lee formed the label with the goal of bringing together unsigned underground metal artists and promoting them to a wider audience and has noted that this, and not profit, is his primary goal in running the label. Consequently he works a full-time job unrelated to Subliminal Groove Records and manages the label after his work hours. The label's name was inspired by the sounds Lee hoped to promote, which he has summarized as progressive metal with some djent tones.
SGR transferred ownership to Nico Mirolla of Kardashev in 2017. In 2018, SGR dismissed all contracts entered an indefinite hiatus.
Music
From its formation, Subliminal Groove Records searched for distinctive underground metal bands to support. The first artists the label signed were The Room Colored Charlatan, Stormwalker, and Ascariasis, followed by Foreboding Ether, The Engineered, and Ovid's Withering. The label continued to sign numerous other artists including Kardashev, Nexilva, and Separatist. The genres represented on Subliminal Groove Records' roster can be described as combinations of progressive metal, black metal, technical metal, deathcore, and death metal, with melodic and orchestral elements.
Roster
Current artists
None
Former artists
Ascariasis
Delusions of Grandeur
Kardashev
littledidweknow
Lorelei
Ovid's Withering
Xehanort
Foreboding Ether
As Oceans
Change of Loyalty
The Engineered
The Healing
Nemertines
Nexilva
The Parallel
The Room Colored Charlatan
Separatist
Vitalism
Stormwalker
References
External links
Facebook
YouTube
Tumblr
SoundCloud
Canadian independent record labels
Black metal record labels
Death metal record labels |
Hamidullah Khan is a citizen of Pakistan who was held by the United States in its Bagram Theater Internment Facility in Afghanistan.
United Kingdom human rights group Reprieve reports he was just fourteen years old, when he was picked up in Pakistan.
Daniel Morgan, writing for Newsweek Pakistan, reported that Hamidullah's family received a letter from him in 2010, where he said he had been cleared for release by a Bagram enemy combatant review.
Human rights workers were able to initiate a court inquiry in Lahore for Hamidullah and six other Pakistani men.
The Pakistani government was ordered to send officials to interview the men.
Khan and five other men were transferred from Bagram on December 5, 2013. According to Al Jazeera quoted Khan's account of what American officials told him when they released him: "We're sorry, he recalled. We could not establish any link [between] you [and] bad guys."
References
1995 births
Living people
Bagram Theater Internment Facility detainees
Pakistani extrajudicial prisoners of the United States |
Kundakh (; ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Khurkhinsky Selsoviet, Laksky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 34 as of 2010.
Geography
Kundakh is located 19 km northeast of Kumukh (the district's administrative centre) by road, on the right bank of the Kazikumukhskoye Koysu River. Kuma and Bagikla are the nearest rural localities.
Nationalities
Laks live there.
References
Rural localities in Laksky District |
The Barton Bulldogs football team represents Barton College in college football at the NCAA Division II level. Barton is a member of the South Atlantic Conference (SAC). The Bulldogs play their home games at Truist Stadium in Wilson, North Carolina. The team's head coach is Chip Hester, who took over the position in 2019.
Year-by-year results
References
American football teams established in 1920
1920 establishments in North Carolina |
Dolphin Drilling Holdings Limited is an offshore drilling rig company headquartered in Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom with its main subsidiary Dolphin Drilling AS located in Sandnes, Norway. Until 2019, Dolphin Drilling had its headquarters in Oslo, Norway.
The company offers services for the offshore industry within offshore drilling.
History
In 1965, A/S Aker Drilling Company Ltd. (Dolphin Drilling) was established. In 1976, Fred. Olsen & Co. acquired Aker Drilling Services, and renamed it Dolphin Services A/S.
In 1997, based on Dolphin Services A/S, the Fred. Olsen Energy ASA was formed. The company was listed on Oslo Stock Exchange with the tickers FOE and later DDASA. In 1998, its remotely operated vehicle division was sold to Stolt Comex Seaways (now Subsea 7). In 2003, Dolphin Well Services AS was sold to PSL Energy Services Limited.
Fred. Olsen Energy ASA was renamed to Dolphin Drilling ASA in December 2018. In June 2019, Dolphin Drilling filed for bankruptcy. The main shareholders that time were the companies Bonheur and Ganger Rolf ASA, controlled by the Olsen family. A debt investor SVP Global acquired more than 90% of the company's debts and transferred its operating subsidiaries to a new Jersey-registered holding company, Dolphin Drilling Holdings Limited. Shortly afterwards, the international headquarters of the company were moved to Aberdeen.
In May 2022, it was announced that Cyprus-headquartered oilfield services company, SD Standard ETC had acquired a 25% stake in Dolphin Drilling, as part of a $10 million USD deal.
Fleet
Fleet owned and operated:
1 deepwater drilling rig Blackford Dolphin - 7 000 ft water depth
4 Mid water semi submersible drilling rigs, Borgland Dolphin, Bideford Dolphin, Paul B. Loyd Jr. and Transocean Leader
References
External links
Drilling rig operators
Service companies of Norway
Service companies of Scotland
Companies based in Aberdeen
Business services companies established in 1965
Petroleum industry in Norway
Oil and gas industry in Scotland
Fred. Olsen & Co.
Companies formerly listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
1965 establishments in Scotland
1976 mergers and acquisitions |
Topola-Osiedle is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przygodzice, within Ostrów Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.
References
Topola-Osiedle |
Sakhuwa Prasauni (Nepali: सखुवा प्रसौनी ) is a rural municipality in Parsa District in Province No. 2 of Nepal. It was formed in 2016 occupying current 6 sections (wards) from previous 6 former VDCs. It occupies an area of 74.27 km2 with a total population of 32,448.
References
Populated places in Parsa District
Rural municipalities of Nepal established in 2017
Rural municipalities in Madhesh Province |
Divine Madness is the 1992 greatest hits album from the British ska/pop band Madness.
Content
The album presents the group's UK single A-sides from 1979 through 1986 in chronological order, though their version of "The Sweetest Girl" is omitted. ("The Sweetest Girl" was the only Madness single of this era to miss the top 30.) Also, some tracks are presented in their LP rather than single versions. The 1992/1995 Japanese CD versions add "In The City", which was a single there.
Releases
The album peaked at number 1 in the UK charts, and it eventually led to a Madness reunion and their first concert in six years (which was recorded for their Madstock! album).
Divine Madness was also released as a video and eventually DVD with all Madness music videos, including the album track "Bed & Breakfast Man", the omitted single "Sweetest Girl", and the 1988 single "I Pronounce You" (issued as by The Madness). The group's Japanese TV adverts for Honda City cars were also included.
The album was re-packaged in 1998 as The Heavy Heavy Hits with the addition of the single version of "The Sweetest Girl" (placed in its correct chronological position after "Uncle Sam").
In 2000 it was re-issued, under its original title of Divine Madness, with the further 1999 singles "Lovestruck" and "Johnny the Horse" included, but once again omitting "The Sweetest Girl". The album versions of "The Prince", "One Step Beyond...", "The Return of the Los Palmas 7", "Cardiac Arrest", "Shut Up" and "Tomorrow's Just Another Day" were replaced with the single versions, although the heavily edited version of "Shut Up" was used, which, at 2:51, fades out more than 30 seconds short of the actual single version.
Track listing
"The Prince" from One Step Beyond...
"One Step Beyond" from One Step Beyond...
"My Girl" from One Step Beyond...
"Night Boat to Cairo" from One Step Beyond...
"Baggy Trousers" from Absolutely
"Embarrassment" from Absolutely
"The Return of the Los Palmas 7" from Absolutely
"Grey Day" from 7
"Shut Up" from 7
"It Must Be Love" Single release only
"Cardiac Arrest" from 7
"House of Fun" from Complete Madness
"Driving in My Car" Single release only
"Our House" from The Rise & Fall
"Tomorrow's Just Another Day" from The Rise & Fall
"Wings of a Dove" Single release only
"The Sun and the Rain" Single release only
"Michael Caine" from Keep Moving
"One Better Day" from Keep Moving
"Yesterday's Men" from Mad Not Mad
"Uncle Sam" from Mad Not Mad
"(Waiting for the) Ghost Train" from Utter Madness
Chart performance
Certifications and sales
References
External links
1992 greatest hits albums
Madness (band) compilation albums
Madness (band) video albums
Virgin Records compilation albums |
Stephen Lee Johnson (born March 21, 1951) is an American politician who served as the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under President George W. Bush during the second term of his administration. He has received the Presidential Rank Award, the highest award that can be given to a civilian federal employee.
Education and career in industry
Johnson attended Taylor University, receiving a B.A. in biology followed by a master's degree in pathology from George Washington University. Before working for the U.S. Government, he held a number of positions in laboratory and bio-technology companies. He was also the director of Hazelton Laboratories, now Covance. He has been awarded honorary Doctor of Science degrees by Taylor University and Virginia Wesleyan College.
EPA career prior to becoming administrator
Johnson began working at the EPA in 1979. He had been working at a private lab, Litton Bionetics Inc., in Washington. Johnson said that a mentor suggested he get a job at the EPA, learn about regulations from inside government, and then return to industry. "Regulations were really frustrating," Johnson told The Philadelphia Inquirer in 2008, recalling his decision to join the EPA. "I wondered if they really understood what it was like to work in a laboratory."
Johnson's rise from career scientist to EPA chief began in 2001, when he made the jump from civil service bureaucrat to political appointee. In January 2001, Johnson was the lead staff toxics official at EPA. His selection as assistant administrator for the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances was set in motion by a Kentucky lobbyist, Charles Grizzle, whose clients have included power companies, hospitals, shopping centers, and a formaldehyde industry association. After the 2000 election, Grizzle called then-senior White House aide Karl Rove and suggested that Rove should take a look at Johnson.
When EPA administrator Christine Todd Whitman resigned in 2003, Johnson became the acting deputy administrator, the number two position at EPA, and remained in that position when former Utah governor Michael O. Leavitt was named administrator.
EPA Administrator
On January 26, 2005, when Leavitt became secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Johnson became acting administrator of EPA. On March 4, 2005, President George W. Bush nominated him formally for the permanent position. He became the first career employee to hold the position of Administrator and the first scientist to head the Agency.
During his April 6, 2005 Senate confirmation hearing, EPA was criticized for support of using human subjects in pesticide testing.
Johnson "did not have the opportunity to fully address the committee's criticisms before the hearing was recessed."
In April 2005, a secret hold was placed on his confirmation vote while he evaluated the Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study, which advocated recording the effects of pesticides on children from infancy to age 3. In a letter that reached Senator Barbara Boxer several hours after she raised her concerns, Johnson said, "No additional work will be conducted on this study subject to the outcome of external scientific and ethical review." On April 8, Johnson canceled the study. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 29. On February 6, 2006, he issued a final regulation "prohibiting new research involving intentional exposure of pregnant women or children intended for submission to the EPA under the pesticide laws" and other protections.
Johnson tried to block the efforts of 17 states to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel economy. He defended his position by arguing that "The Bush administration is moving forward with a clear national solution, not a confusing patchwork of state rules. I believe this is a better approach than if individual states were to act alone." The state rules he was blocking were more stringent than the Bush administration's proposed national solution. Johnson came under investigation for allowing the White House to improperly interfere with the decision to grant California a waiver to limit greenhouse gases. On May 20, 2008, Johnson was questioned for three hours by the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. On July 29, 2008, four Senators called for Johnson's resignation, alleging he made false statements to Congress.
On December 9, 2008, the Office of Inspector General, US EPA concluded that "EPA's California waiver decision on greenhouse gas automobile emissions met statutory procedural requirements."
On May 19, 2009, President Obama also concluded: "a clear and uniform national policy is also good news for the auto industry which will no longer be subjected to a costly patchwork of differing rules and regulations."
Johnson's stance on this and other issues was criticized in an editorial by the scientific journal Nature, which claimed he acted with "reckless disregard for law, science or the agency's own rules — or, it seems, the anguished protests of his own subordinates."
In spite of this external criticism and over the objections of the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Transportation, Energy, Council on Environmental Quality, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Council of Economic Advisors, and Small Business Administration, Johnson issued the Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, "Regulating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under the Clean Air Act."
On February 29, 2008, four labor unions representing 10.000 of the EPA's 17.000 employees (ca. 60%) published an open letter to Johnson, complaining that he had ignored the EPA's official Principles of Scientific Integrity in advancing Bush Administration positions on water fluoridation, pesticide regulation, mercury emissions, and greenhouse gas control.
As Administrator, he managed more than 17,000 Agency employees nationwide and oversaw an annual budget of $7.7 billion. His tenure expired on January 20, 2009.
Post EPA
On June 29, 2010, clean technology company FlexEnergy announced that Johnson had joined its board of directors.
According to Johnson, the company's technology can minimize air pollutants in congested cities and industrial sites, as well as provide energy in remote areas around the world.
On November 11, 2010, The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company announced that Johnson had been named to its board of directors.
Johnson also sits on the board of trustees at his alma mater, Taylor University.
References
External links
Congressional Testimony (Video), 2008
"EPA Chief Silent on White House Involvement in Key Decisions", Environment News Service, 5-21-2008
"Smoke and Mirrors: the Subversion of the EPA", four-part series at The Philadelphia Inquirer, 2008
1951 births
21st-century American politicians
Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
George W. Bush administration cabinet members
George Washington University alumni
Living people
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Taylor University alumni
Washington, D.C., Republicans
Presidential Rank Award recipients |
The Syrman goby (Ponticola syrman) is a species of goby native to marine, brackish and probably fresh waters of the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea basins. They inhabit inshore waters with substrates composed of shell fragments, sand, mud or muddy sand. This species can reach a length of TL.
References
Ponticola
Freshwater fish of Europe
Fish of the Caspian Sea
Fish of the Black Sea
Fish of Europe
Fish of West Asia
Fish described in 1840
Taxa named by Alexander von Nordmann
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
The 1964–65 NBA season was the Bullets' 4th season in the NBA and 2nd season in the city of Baltimore.
Roster
Regular season
Season standings
x – clinched playoff spot
Record vs. opponents
Game log
Playoffs
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| March 24
| @ St. Louis
| W 108–105
| Bailey Howell (25)
| Walt Bellamy (20)
| three players tied (4)
| Kiel Auditorium5,320
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| March 26
| @ St. Louis
| L 105–129
| Don Ohl (23)
| Walt Bellamy (12)
| Gus Johnson (7)
| Kiel Auditorium7,628
| 1–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| March 27
| St. Louis
| W 131–99
| Bellamy, Ohl (23)
| Walt Bellamy (18)
| Johnson, Green (3)
| Baltimore Civic Center6,358
| 2–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| March 30
| St. Louis
| W 109–103
| Kevin Loughery (31)
| Walt Bellamy (10)
| Kevin Loughery (6)
| Baltimore Civic Center6,423
| 3–1
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| April 3
| @ Los Angeles
| L 115–121
| Don Ohl (29)
| Bailey Howell (20)
| Walt Bellamy (5)
| Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena14,579
| 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| April 5
| @ Los Angeles
| L 115–118
| Don Ohl (30)
| Walt Bellamy (20)
| Johnson, Bellamy (5)
| Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena10,594
| 0–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| April 7
| Los Angeles
| W 122–115
| Bailey Howell (29)
| Bailey Howell (17)
| Johnson, Loughery (4)
| Baltimore Civic Center7,247
| 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| April 9
| Los Angeles
| W 114–112
| Don Ohl (28)
| Walt Bellamy (16)
| four players tied (3)
| Baltimore Civic Center10,642
| 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 5
| April 11
| @ Los Angeles
| L 112–120
| Walt Bellamy (29)
| Gus Johnson (16)
| Bellamy, Howell (5)
| Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena15,013
| 2–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 6
| April 13
| Los Angeles
| L 115–117
| Don Ohl (34)
| Walt Bellamy (15)
| Walt Bellamy (5)
| Baltimore Civic Center8,590
| 2–4
|-
Awards and records
Gus Johnson, All-NBA Second Team
Wali Jones, NBA All-Rookie Team 1st Team
References
Washington Wizards seasons
Baltimore
Baltimore Bullets
Baltimore Bullets |
Kim Sang-woo (; born July 3, 1993), known professionally as Roy Kim (), is a South Korean singer-songwriter and radio presenter. He began his singing career after winning the television talent show Superstar K 4 in 2012.
Kim officially debuted with the studio album, Love Love Love (2013), which included the hit single "Bom Bom Bom." The album garnered Kim awards for best new artist at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards and the 2014 Golden Disc Awards. Kim followed up his first album with the studio albums, Home (2014) and The Great Dipper (2015), and the extended play, Blooming Season (2017). He has also contributed to soundtracks for television series including Reply 1994, Pinocchio, Another Miss Oh, and Guardian: The Lonely and Great God. As of , Kim has sold over 12 million digital downloads in his native country (see Roy Kim discography).
Early life and education
Roy Kim was born Kim Sang-woo in Seoul, South Korea, on July 3, 1993. His father is a former executive of Seoul Takju, a prominent makgeolli liquor manufacturer. His mother is an artist. Jung Yoon-hye, a former member of the girl group Rainbow, is Kim's cousin.
During his elementary and middle school years, Kim attended Kyung Bok Elementary School and Whimoon Middle School. He was sent to Asheville, North Carolina in the United States to attend Asheville School, which he graduated from in 2012.
Kim was accepted to attend Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. in 2012, but he delayed his enrollment to audition for Superstar K 4. He entered his first year at Georgetown in 2013 and alternated between attending school in the United States and pursuing his music career in South Korea. He was majoring in sociology, which he said is "helpful for writing lyrics." In May 2019, Kim denied preparing for Georgetown graduation ceremony, and returned to Korea to face the Burning Sun scandal's investigators after finishing his final exam. Despite the investigation, the university granted an undergraduate degree to Kim.
Career
In 2012, Kim auditioned for Mnet's television talent show Superstar K 4 (the South Korean equivalent of American Idol). He was ultimately the season's winner, out of nearly two million applicants. Following his win, he performed at the 2012 Mnet Asian Music Awards in Hong Kong.
In June 2013, Kim released his first album, Love Love Love, which included the "mega-hit" single "Bom Bom Bom." The single topped the Gaon Digital Chart for two weeks and Billboard's K-pop Hot 100 for three weeks after its release. The album's title track, "Love Love Love" reached No. 2 on the Gaon chart and No. 4 on the Billboard chart. Following the release of his first album, Kim won several awards, including Best New Male Artist at the 2013 Mnet Asian Music Awards, 20's Booming Star at the 2013 Mnet 20's Choice Awards, and Rookie of the Year and the Popularity Award at the 2014 Golden Disc Awards.
Kim released his second album, Home, in October 2014. The album's lead single, also named "Home," was a success, topping South Korea's real-time music charts upon its release and reaching No. 2 on the Gaon Digital Chart. That month, Kim embarked on a South Korean tour to promote the album. In November, he contributed to the soundtrack for the television series Pinocchio, with the song, "Pinocchio," for which he won Best Original Soundtrack at the 2015 APAN Star Awards and Favorite Foreign Artist at the 2015 Hito Music Awards in Taiwan. Kim also became the first foreign artist to perform at the Hito Music Awards since they were established in 2003.
In December 2015, Kim released his third album, The Great Dipper. The album's title track was a ballad, which was a departure from Kim's previous acoustic folk singles. At the end of the year, Kim performed at three solo concerts in Seoul, all of which had sold out before the release of his album.
Kim released his first extended play, Blooming Season (), in May 2017. In February 2018, he released the single "Only Then," which topped Korean music charts upon its release, and which received a Platinum certification for digital sales by Gaon in November. For the song, Kim won Best Ballad at the 2018 Melon Music Awards, Best Male Artist at the 2018 Mnet Asian Music Awards, and a Digital Bonsang at the 2019 Golden Disc Awards.
In September 2022, it was confirmed that Kim would release a new album in October, the first after his discharge from military service. On October 7, 2022, Kim released a photo of his new single "Take Me Back In Time" via his official SNS. The single was released on October 14. This pre-release single will be followed by the release of his fourth full album And on October 25.
Personal life
Military service
On May 27, 2020, Kim released his self-produced single "Linger On", which is his first single in 1 year and 8 months, and will be his last single before enlisting into the Republic of Korea Marine Corps for his mandatory military enlistment on June 15. On December 2, 2021, it was reported that Kim will be discharged from military service on December 14, 2021, without returning to the unit after his last vacation in accordance with the Ministry of National Defense guidelines for preventing the spread of COVID-19.
Discography
Love Love Love (2013)
Home (2014)
The Great Dipper (2015)
And (2022)
Concerts and tours
Headliner
Participant
Radio presenting
Filmography
Television series
Television shows
Music video
Ambassadorship
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1993 births
Asheville School alumni
Georgetown University alumni
Living people
MAMA Award winners
Singers from Seoul
South Korean pop singers
South Korean radio presenters
Superstar K winners
21st-century South Korean male singers
South Korean male singer-songwriters
Republic of Korea Marine Corps personnel
WakeOne artists |
Speiredonia hogenesi is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Alberto Zilli in 2002. It is found in Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
External links
Moths described in 2002
Speiredonia |
The 2003 Volta a Catalunya was the 83rd edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 16 June to 22 June 2003. The race started in Salou and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by José Antonio Pecharromán of the Paternina–Costa de Almería team.
Teams
Fifteen teams of up to eight riders started the race:
Labarca 2–Cafés Baqué
Route
Stages
Stage 1
16 June 2003 - Salou to Vila-seca, (TTT)
Stage 2
17 June 2003 - Móra d'Ebre to El Morell,
Stage 3
18 June 2003 - La Pobla de Mafumet to Andorra (Els Cortals d'Encamp),
Stage 4
19 June 2003 - Andorra la Vella to Llívia,
Stage 5
20 June 2003 - Llívia to Manresa,
Stage 6
21 June 2003 - Molins de Rei to Vallvidrera, (ITT)
Stage 7
22 June 2003 - Sant Joan Despí to Barcelona (La Pedrera),
General classification
References
2003
Volta
2003 in Spanish road cycling
June 2003 sports events in Europe |
The White Rose Centre is a shopping centre in the Beeston area of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It spans two floors and is near the M621 motorway. It takes its name from the White Rose of York, the traditional symbol of Yorkshire. Most shops are situated on the Ground Floor. The Upper Level mezzanine and ‘The Village’ outdoor expansion houses one of two food courts as well some retail outlets, a Cineworld 11-screen cinema, a Starbucks and an al fresco dining terrace boasting new tenants Wagamama, Prezzo, TGI Fridays and Five Guys among others. It also houses an outdoor children’s play area. Although the centre is smaller than other out-of-town shopping centres, it has attracted large retailers such as Next, JD Sports, Zara, River Island and Marks and Spencer.
The centre opened on 25 March 1997 and accommodated major tenants including Sainsbury's, Marks & Spencer, Next, WHSmith, Primark, Zara, H&M, New Look, Boots and most recently Sky, with over 100 other stores and services. It contains eateries such as a McDonald's, KFC, Nando's, Starbucks, Subway, Frankie & Benny's, Chiquito, TGI Fridays, Graveleys, Five Guys, Krispy Kreme,multiple Costa Coffee's and (newly added) Wetherspoons.
The centre has 4,800 free car parking spaces, security and on-site police officers. The south part of the centre was re-developed in 2005 downsizing the Sainsbury's Savacentre to a regular Sainsbury's which made space for other units. Argos was moved into Sainsbury's in 2018.
The centre has a bus station at the north end of the mall connecting it to suburban areas of Leeds and to the city centre. The centre has won awards including a British Council of Shopping Centre's (BCSC) Gold Award, BCSC Purple apple, and Green apple awards.
In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the centre suffered the loss of two of its major tenants and most popular stores. Both Debenhams and Topshop closed all stores worldwide and went into administration. The centre also lost a Disney Store, Thorntons and a Thomas Cook travel store.
Construction
The site covers and was formerly the Morley Sewage works. Before building work began in 1995, enabling works including removing the sewage works, sealing disused mine shafts, removing contaminated soil and profiling the sloping site, were carried out. It required moving 750,000 cubic metres of soil to grade a 30-metre fall across the site and create level terraces for the structure and car parks.
Work commenced on the 87-week project on 10 July 1995 and by September the first steelwork was visible. 600 semi-mature, seven-metre-high () trees were purchased from Germany and planted in the car park to provide landscaping. Five thousand trees and shrubs have been planted around the car parks and perimeter roads.
Dining
The Balcony Food Court takes up most of the upper floor in the central atrium. It includes McDonald's, KFC, Subway, Spud-u-like, Bagel Factory (previously Bagel Nash), Juice, Nando's, Frankie & Benny's and Pizza Express plus a number of other food outlets
In 2015 the White Rose extended the entrance to the upper level between car park 4 and 5 which created 3 new restaurants which have changed since opening.
The Balcony leads to a newly constructed area of the centre known as The Village. This includes further eateries namely Pizza Hut, Five Guys, Limeyard, Wagamama, Chiquito and TGI Friday's.
Community
The White Rose Centre is involved in a number of social welfare activities in the local area. Older people are able to participate in mall walking within the covered environment. It houses the White Rose Learning Centre run in conjunction with Education Leeds and Leeds City College to provide dance classes and other educational activities for children at risk of exclusion from school in an informal environment. The Quiet Room in the Upper Circle is available for use by all patrons and staff during the Centre opening hours.
Criticism
Criticism has been levelled at the lack of a railway station, despite the centre's proximity to the Huddersfield and Wakefield railway lines. Plans to add a station have been developed and the go ahead to begin construction was expected in 2022.
Past and future expansion
In 2015 the White Rose extended the entrance to the upper level between car park 4 and 5 which created 3 new restaurants as well leading to the balcony and a new entrance to what would later be incorporated into 'The Village'.
In 2017 a £25 million extension was completed and named 'The Village'. It included an 11-screen IMAX Cineworld Cinema, a number of new restaurants including; Pizza Hut, Chiquito, Wagamama, Five Guys, Limeyard and TGI Fridays. A children's outdoor play area opened in 'The Village' in 2018.
References
External links
White Rose Centre Website
White Rose Centre on The Retail Database
White Rose Centre Map
Shopping centres in Leeds
Morley, West Yorkshire |
Veliki Raven is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D41 highway.
References
Populated places in Koprivnica-Križevci County |
Avoca is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Marshall Township, Lawrence County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 583.
History
Avoca was platted in 1819. The community likely took its name after the River Avoca, which was mentioned in a poem by Thomas Moore. The Avoca post office was established in 1856.
Geography
Avoca is located in northwestern Lawrence County at , in the southwest corner of Marshall Township. Indiana State Road 37 runs along the eastern edge of the community, leading north to Bloomington and south to Bedford, the Lawrence county seat. State Road 58 passes through the center of Avoca, joining SR 37 southbound but leading west to Owensburg. State Road 54 has its eastern terminus at SR 37 and leads northwest to Bloomfield.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Avoca census-designated place has an area of , all of it recorded as land. The community is in the valley of Goose Creek, which flows southeast to Salt Creek, part of the White River watershed.
Avoca Park
The Avoca State Fish Hatchery was built in 1819 and first served as a grist mill until 1919, when it was purchased by the DNR, who began building ponds in 1923. The Hatchery stocked Indiana's waters with fish for years until it was decommissioned by the DNR in 2013 and fell into disrepair. Bedford Mayor Shawna Girgis asked Bedford Park Director, Barry Jeskewich, to restore this historical location for Lawrence County. Barry Jeskewich partnered with James Farmer, Indiana University Substaining Hoosier Communities to obtained a grant to preserve this beloved green space for the surrounding community.
Avoca State Fish Hatchery was renamed Avoca Park and Recreation and is now in the hands of the local community.
Demographics
References
Sources
“IU Farmer-Jeskewich Final Report”
Footnotes
Irish-American culture in Indiana
Census-designated places in Lawrence County, Indiana
Census-designated places in Indiana |
Pleasant Mount Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a Cumberland Presbyterian church in Columbia, Tennessee.
The church building was constructed in 1899 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
References
External links
Presbyterian churches in Tennessee
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Gothic Revival church buildings in Tennessee
Churches completed in 1899
19th-century Presbyterian church buildings in the United States
Churches in Maury County, Tennessee
Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Buildings and structures in Columbia, Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Maury County, Tennessee |
Events in the year 1979 in the People's Republic of China.
Incumbents
Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party – Hua Guofeng
Premier of the People's Republic of China – Hua Guofeng
Chairman of the National People's Congress – Ye Jianying
Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference – Deng Xiaoping
Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China – Deng Xiaoping
Governors
Governor of Anhui Province – Wan Li then Zhang Jingfu
Governor of Fujian Province – Liao Zhigao then Ma Xingyuan
Governor of Gansu Province – Song Ping then Li Dengying
Governor of Guangdong Province – Wei Guoqing then Xi Zhongxun
Governor of Guizhou Province – Ma Li (until unknown)
Governor of Hebei Province – Liu Zihou
Governor of Heilongjiang Province – Yang Yichen then Chen Lei
Governor of Henan Province – Duan Junyi then Liu Jie
Governor of Hubei Province – Chen Pixian then Han Ningfu
Governor of Hunan Province – Mao Zhiyong then Sun Guozhi
Governor of Jiangsu Province – Xu Jiatun then Hui Yuyu
Governor of Jiangxi Province – Jiang Weiqing then Bai Dongcai
Governor of Jilin Province – Wang Enmao
Governor of Liaoning Province – vacant
Governor of Qinghai Province – Tan Qilong then Zhang Guosheng
Governor of Shaanxi Province – Wang Renzhong then Yu Mingtao
Governor of Shandong Province – Bai Rubing then Su Yiran
Governor of Shanxi Province – Wang Qian then Luo Guibo
Governor of Sichuan Province – Zhao Ziyang then Lu Dadong
Governor of Yunnan Province – An Pingsheng then Liu Minghui
Governor of Zhejiang Province – Tie Ying then Li Fengping
Events
January
January 1 — The United States broke diplomatic relations with Republic of China, and established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China.
January - The One Child Policy is announced and implemented (est.)
February
February 17 – The People's Republic of China invades northern Vietnam, launching the Sino-Vietnamese War.
March
March 5 – Zhuhai County was upgraded to Zhuhai City.
March 14 – In China, a Hawker Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 260.
September
September 27 – Stars Art Exhibition, the first independent art exhibition, takes place in Beihai Park, Beijing
Births
February 9 – Zhang Ziyi, film actress
March 5 – Tang Gonghong, Chinese weightlifter
March 12 – Liu Xuan, Gymnast
August 27 – Tian Liang, diver
December 10 – Yang Jianping, archer
Deaths
January 15 – Yang Zhongjian, vertebrate paleontologist (b. 1897)
February 7 – Su Zhenhua, general (b. 1912)
March 12 – Zheng Xiaocang, writer, translator, and educator (b. 1892)
May 27 – Yao Zhe, People's Liberation Army lieutenant general (b. 1906)
August 14 – Wang Yun-wu, scholar of history and political science (b. 1888)
December 3 – Zhang Guotao, politician (b. 1897)
See also
1979 in Chinese film
References
Years of the 20th century in China
China
1970s in China |
"Islands in the Stream" is a song written by the Bee Gees and recorded by American country music artists Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton. Named after an Ernest Hemingway novel, it was released in August 1983 as the first single from Rogers's album Eyes That See in the Dark. The song was originally written for Marvin Gaye or Diana Ross in an R&B style but later reworked for the duet by Rogers and Parton. The Bee Gees released a live version of the song in 1998 and a studio version in 2001.
The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States, giving both Rogers and Parton their second pop number-one hit (after Rogers's "Lady" in 1980 and Parton's "9 to 5" in 1981). It also topped the Country and Adult Contemporary charts. It has been double certified Platinum and gold certified singles by the Recording Industry Association of America for two million and half a million digital sales in US. In 2005 the song topped CMT's poll of the best country duets of all time; Parton and Rogers reunited to perform the song on the CMT special.
Rogers and Parton went on to record a Christmas album together and had an additional hit with their 1985 duet "Real Love".
Due to licensing reasons, this song was not included on digital release of Eyes That See in the Dark from Capitol Records Nashville. Sony Music, the current owner of RCA Records, protected copyrights for this recording, and is digitally available only in various compilations from Sony Music, especially those of Dolly Parton.
Musical structure
The song is sung in moderate time, with Rogers and Parton alternating lead vocals. Their version is in C major when Rogers sings lead, but changes to A-flat major when Parton takes over the lead.
Reception
Cash Box said that "the sound is simply gorgeous, as is the melody, as are the voices."
Commercial performance
The song knocked Bonnie Tyler's "Total Eclipse of the Heart" out of No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, also topping the Country and Adult Contemporary listings. In December of that year, it was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling over two million physical copies in the US. After becoming available for digital download, it had sold a further 834,000 digital copies in the US, .
In Australia, the song was number one for one week in December 1983 and became one of the highest selling singles of 1984.
The song reached a peak of No. 7 in the UK Singles Chart in 1983. , it had also sold 245,577 digital copies in the UK. , it had racked up 287,200 downloads and 4.83 million streams in the UK.
In popular media
In April 2008, South Bend, Indiana, radio station WZOW played the song continuously for several days on end, a stunt drawing attention to the station's format change from alternative rock to adult contemporary.
The song was also used as a karaoke song in two episodes of the second season of ABC's The Good Doctor, "Islands Part One" and "Tough Titmouse".
The song was also used as a karaoke number in the first episode of American Horror Story: Double Feature, "Cape Fear". It was sung by Evan Peters and Frances Conroy.
The song has regained popularity due to a scene in the 2023 Netflix documentary "Beckham", showing David Beckham and his wife Victoria Beckham jamming to it.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
All-time charts
Certifications
Cover versions
Danish blues-rock singer Peter Thorup and pop singer Anne-Grete Rendtorff had great success with a version with Danish lyrics in 1984 called "Skibe uden Sejl" (Ships Without Sails). The song was used as title track for the Danish TV series Måske i morgen (Maybe Tomorrow) shown on Danish national television DR.
Jamaican reggae artist Owen Gray covered the song on an album entitled Little Girl in 1984.
The chorus of the 1998 hip-hop song "Ghetto Supastar (That Is What You Are)" is an interpolation of the chorus of "Islands in the Stream". The song was made by Pras and Wyclef Jean along with vocals from Mya.
Country artists Hailey Whitters and Ernest, under the moniker Countrypolitan, covered the song in 2021.
Bee Gees' recorded version
The Bee Gees performed their version live at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas on 14 November 1997, which was released a year later on One Night Only, with solo vocal by Barry Gibb. A studio version was recorded for their 2001 retrospective Their Greatest Hits: The Record, which has since featured on the 2004 Number Ones and on the 2010 Mythology box set. The chorus of Pras's 1998 hit "Ghetto Supastar (That Is What You Are)", which in turn is a reworking of the original Rogers and Parton release, replaces the final chorus in the studio recording. The live version of the song appears on their Love Songs compilation.
Personnel (studio version)
Robin Gibb – vocals
Maurice Gibb – keyboard, programming
John Merchant – sound engineer
Personnel (live version)
Barry Gibb – lead vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar
Robin Gibb – harmony and backing vocals
Maurice Gibb – harmony and backing vocals, keyboard
with
Alan Kendall – lead guitar
Steve Gibb – guitar
Comic Relief version
On March 8, 2009, Welsh actors Ruth Jones and Rob Brydon, in character as Vanessa Jenkins and Bryn West from the hit BBC sitcom Gavin & Stacey, released a version of the song as a single for Comic Relief. Sir Tom Jones also features on the song, performing the final verse and chorus, whilst Robin Gibb appears on the single as a backing vocalist.
Re-titled "(Barry) Islands in the Stream", in reference to the Barry Island setting of Gavin & Stacey, it entered at the top of the UK Singles Chart on March 15, 2009. This meant the Gibb Brothers had achieved number one songs in five successive decades, the first songwriters to achieve this feat. It also made Tom Jones, at the age of 68, the oldest person to have a UK number one song, until the record was taken in 2020 by Captain Tom Moore for his involvement in "You'll Never Walk Alone" at the age of 99.
The video was filmed in Barry Island, Las Vegas and the Nevada desert, with both Gibb and Jones appearing in the video alongside Jones and Brydon. Nigel Lythgoe also makes a cameo appearance as a talent competition judge.
Track listing
CD single
"(Barry) Islands in the Stream" – 3:56
"Wisemen" – 3:14
"Somethin' Stupid" – 2:48
"Islands in the Stream" (music video) – 4:21
DVD single
"(Barry) Islands in the Stream" (full-length video) – 8:56
"(Barry) Islands in the Stream" (making of the video) – 14:30
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
See also
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1983
References
The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits
1983 songs
1983 singles
2009 singles
Bee Gees songs
Barry Gibb songs
Dolly Parton songs
Kenny Rogers songs
Kikki Danielsson songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Cashbox number-one singles
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in Austria
Number-one singles in Scotland
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Songs written by Barry Gibb
Songs written by Maurice Gibb
Songs written by Robin Gibb
Song recordings produced by Albhy Galuten
RCA Records Nashville singles
Polydor Records singles
Comic Relief singles
Male–female vocal duets
Songs about islands |
"Masayume Chasing" is the 37th Japanese single by South Korean singer, songwriter, and dancer BoA. It was released on July 23, 2014, as one of the several singles for her eighth Japanese-language studio album, Who's Back? (2014) through Avex Trax. The CD single contains the B-side track "Fun", and was released in six physical editions: two CD+DVD editions, a CD-only edition, a CD-only Fairy Tail edition, and two limited USB editions only sold on BoA's official fan club shop.
Commercially, "Masayume Chasing" performed modestly in Japan, peaking at number 15 on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart and number 27 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100. In South Korea, the song entered the Gaon international singles chart at number 54. The title track was used as the opening theme for part of season 7 of the anime Fairy Tail, which was broadcast from April 2014 until December 2015.
Background and release
On June 10, 2014, BoA posted three single cover images to her social media accounts for her upcoming Japanese single, with the caption "Masayume Chasing coming on July 23". The artwork of the single covers were noted for its summer vibe, accompanying the "cheerful" production of the song. On June 16, she posted a video to her Instagram account showing her in the studio recording and preparing for the single's release. It marked BoA's second Japanese CD single release in 2014, following "Shout it Out", which was released in March.
The physical release comes in six versions: two CD+DVD editions, a CD-only edition, a CD-only Fairy Tail edition, and two limited USB editions only sold on BoA's official fan club shop, SOUL shop. Both USB are 4GB of storage and the four songs included come in WAV format. Both CD+DVD editions come with an application postcard and the CD-only edition come with an entry ticket to obtain a special DVD with the video "Masayume Chasing ~Limited Making~". The title track was used as the opening theme for the anime Fairy Tail.
Reception
Bradley Stern from MuuMuse wrote that the "pop princess has consistently supplied sparkling cuts in time for summer for well over a decade now — from 2002's 'Valenti' all the way up to last year's 'Tail Of Hope.' He added that "Masayume Chasing"s "uptempo synth-pop gem is both a club banger and a super-saccharine J-pop smash ... complete with a surging chorus and some feisty chants." Commercially, "Masayume Chasing" performed modestly, peaking at number 8 on the daily Oricon Singles Chart, and number 15 on its weekly counterpart. On the Billboard Japan Hot 100, the track peaked at number 27.
Track listing
CD single
"Masayume Chasing" - 3:39
"Fun" - 4:03
"Masayume Chasing" (Instrumental)" - 3:39
"Fun" (Instrumental)" - 4:03
DVD (Edition A)
"Masayume Chasing" music video
DVD (Edition B)
"Masayume Chasing" music video (Dance ver.)
"Masayume Chasing" making video
Charts
References
BoA songs
2014 singles |
Missouri Baptist Medical Center, known locally as MoBap, is a hospital in Town and Country, Missouri. Its origins were in 1884 when Dr. William H. Mayfield opened his home to patients. In 1886 it opened as the Missouri Baptist Sanitarium. In 1892, it offered ambulance service via horse and carriage. A Nursing Training School opened in 1895.
As of 2006, the facility had 489 beds and 3000 employees. It is part of BJC HealthCare.
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1886
Hospitals established in 1886
1894 establishments in Missouri
Healthcare in St. Louis County, Missouri
Hospitals in Missouri
Hospitals established in 1894
Buildings and structures in St. Louis County, Missouri |
The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (Spanish: Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción) is a church located in Valdemoro, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1981.
Built in Baroque style, it has a nave measuring 60 x 28 meters, with side chapels. The high altar is decorated by the paintings St. Peter of Verona by Ramón Bayeu, The Assumption of the Virgin by Francisco Bayeu, and the Apparition of the Virgin to St. Julian by Francisco Goya. The bell tower was completed in 1764.
References
Nuestra Senora De La Asuncion, Valdemoro
Baroque architecture in the Community of Madrid
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Spain
Roman Catholic churches completed in 1764
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Community of Madrid
1764 establishments in Spain |
Quni may refer to:
Quni, Iran or Guni, an Iranian village
Quni, Hebei or Ch‘ü-ni, a former Chinese town in what is now Shunping County, Hebei |
Zaw Htet Ko Ko (, ) is a Burmese political activist. In 2008, he was sentenced an 11-year prison sentence for his work with the pro-democracy 88 Generation Students Group, and his detention was criticized by human rights groups including Amnesty International, which named him a prisoner of conscience. He was released in October 2011 in a series of amnesties for political prisoners.
88 Generation Students Group involvement
Zaw Htet Ko Ko became involved in the 88 Generation Students Group shortly after its 2005 founding through his friend Htay Kywe, one of the group's leaders. The group called for an end to the rule of Burma's military leadership, the State Peace and Development Council; the release of all alleged political prisoners; and a return to democracy.
Described by Amnesty International as an "Internet enthusiast", Zaw Thet Ko Ko helped the group communicate news of its protests to the outside world. He also served as the group's photographer at events such as its "White Sunday" campaign, in which activists wore white prisoner's clothing each Sunday to show solidarity with imprisoned activists.
Involvement in Saffron Revolution
When rising fuel and commodity prices led to Saffron Revolution in August 2007, the 88 Generation Students Group played a major role in organizing protests. The largest of these rallies drew over one hundred thousand protesters, most notably a number of Buddhist monks. Zaw Thet Ko Ko participated in several of these rallies, most notably a march on 23 August led by group members Mie Mie and Nilar Thein. Following the arrest of several group leaders, however, including Min Ko Naing, he joined Htay Kywe and Mie Mie in hiding. On 13 October, the three were arrested at a rubber plantation along with fellow group members Aung Thu and Hein Htet.
Trial and imprisonment
In the weeks following Zaw Htet Ko Ko's arrest, his father alleged that he believed Zaw Htet Ko Ko was being tortured in prison. While Zaw Thet Ko Ko escaped the 65-year sentences given to fellow members such as Min Ko Naing, Htay Kywe, Mie Mie, Nilar Thein, and others, on 21 November 2008, he was sentenced to five years of hard labor by a special court at Insein Prison. Seven days later, he was charged with an additional six years of imprisonment, for a total of eleven years. The sentence was protested by Front Line and Amnesty International, the latter of which named him a prisoner of conscience. Human Rights Watch stated its belief that the imprisoned 88 Generation Student Group members were political prisoners and called for their immediate and unconditional release.
On 6 February 2009, he was transferred from Insein to Kyaukpyu Prison in Rakhine State. According to an Irrawaddy story on Zaw Htet Ko Ko's case, "transferring political prisoners to distant prisons is one of the tactics to further punish prisoners and increase the burden on their families and friends."
On 11 or 12 October 2011, Zaw Htet Ko Ko was pardoned as part of a series of amnesties for political prisoners.
Family
Zaw Htet Ko Ko is married to San Latt Phyu, a medical doctor at Yangon Muslim Free Hospital. They have one son.
References
1981 births
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Myanmar
Burmese democracy activists
Burmese prisoners and detainees
Living people |
Charles Clement Walker (25 August 1877 – 30 September 1968) was a British engineer and aerodynamicist, who became a founding director and chief engineer at de Havilland. He was "one of the great men of aviation's formative decades".
Personal life
He was educated at Highgate School from 1887 to 1892 and went on to University College, London, where he was in 1938 elected a Fellow.
He married Eileen Hood (1892 – 20 May 1970) on 2 September 1916 at St Michael's Church in Highgate, Middlesex.
Their only son David was killed flying on a training aircraft with the 2FTS of the RAF, on 2 October 1941, aged 21.
He lived at his house Foresters in Middlesex. He died aged 91 at home.
His name is commemorated in Walker Grove, a street in Hatfield, Hertfordshire.
See also
de Havilland Mosquito
References
1877 births
1968 deaths
Aerodynamicists
Academics of University College London
Alumni of University College London
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
De Havilland
De Havilland Mosquito
English civil engineers
People educated at Highgate School
Royal Aeronautical Society Silver Medal winners |
Devangudi is a village near Thiruvaiyaru in Thanjavur district, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The village is situated between two principal waterways of South India: the Cauveri River, two kilometers to the north, and the Kollidam River, less than one kilometer to its south. Notable places of worship of this village include a Lord Murugan temple facing west and a lord Vinayagar temple facing east. These two temples were built exactly facing each other in the early 19th century.
Villages in Thanjavur district |
Guernsey is a town in Poweshiek County, Iowa, United States. The population was 63 at the time of the 2020 census.
History
Guernsey was platted in 1884. It was named after Guernsey County, Ohio. A post office was first established in Guernsey in 1884.
Geography
Guernsey is located at (41.650087, -92.344498).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 63 people, 27 households, and 18 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 32 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 96.8% White. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.2% of the population.
There were 27 households, of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.83.
The median age in the town was 43.8 years. 23.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.2% were from 25 to 44; 19.1% were from 45 to 64; and 28.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 52.4% male and 47.6% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 70 people, 29 households, and 20 families living in the town. The population density was . There were 34 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.29% White, 1.43% Native American, 2.86% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.29% of the population.
There were 29 households, out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.1% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 32.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 127.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,250, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $16,458 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,727. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
Education
The BGM Community School District operates the local area public schools. BGM Community School District was formed in 1960 with the merger of schools in Brooklyn, Guernsey, and Malcom.
References
Cities in Iowa
Cities in Poweshiek County, Iowa
1884 establishments in Iowa |
A Starting Point is a website, launched in 2020, devoted to presenting videos by elected officials (current or former), presenting various points of view on issues that are of interest to the United States electorate. It was started by Chris Evans, Mark Kassen, and Joe Kiani. Since starting this project in 2017, Evans et al have been able to engage dozens of elected officials to create videos on a plethora of topics; the draw for the speakers is that, unlike when being interviewed by a journalist, they can speak their minds without being attacked for their points of view. The basic idea is to encourage civic engagement of the electorate by allowing politicians in office to present their points of view in a civil manner, and start dialogs which will encourage bipartisanship.
The website has these sections:
Starting Points, videos under 2 minutes, organized by broad topic
Daily Points, in which an office-holder can discuss any topics for under 2 minutes
Counterpoints, in which two office-holders (typically one Democrat and one Republican) can discuss a topic of their choosing, in multiple videos of under two minutes, alternating between the two speakers
The participants include:
Senators
Members of Congress
Governors
Mayors
State representatives
If a user chooses to see all contributions by a particular politician, the sections available includes Intro Points, which gives the politician the opportunity to introduce themselves to the viewer by answering three questions:
What inspired you to get into politics?
What is your most meaningful moment in politics?
What do you think can be done to create a more bipartisan environment in Washington?
References
External links
Official website
American political websites
2017 establishments |
Asanpur is a village development committee in Siraha District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 12926 people living in 2510 individual households.
The main bazaar is Golbazar, which contains the entire economic, medical and other facilities available for the VDC. It lies on the side of Mahendra Highway. It is one of the main business areas of the district. Most banks have branches here. There are huge number of establishments of Sahakari Sansthan. Some of the famous temples are Dhaminthan, Shiva Mandir, and Durga Mandir.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Siraha District
Golbazar-Youth-Association
Populated places in Siraha District |
HaYovel Tower () also known as Kiryat HaMemshala Tower () is a skyscraper in Tel Aviv, Israel. At 158 m (42 floors), it is the 20th tallest building in Israel. Construction was completed in 2005 on land previously belonging to the IDF HaKirya base. The tower is located near the Tel Aviv's tallest skyscraper cluster, the Azrieli Center complex, and is occupied largely by government offices. The consolidation of many of these offices in the tower, which were previously spread out all over the Tel Aviv district, allowed the release of a considerable amount of high-value government land to private development, as well as introducing efficiencies from housing many government functions under one roof. The tower has a helipad on its roof. It was originally planned to have 28 floors for government functions only, with the additional 14 floors being approved during construction. 13 of these top floors were approved for use by private sector offices, and the top 11 floors have floor-to ceiling windows. An external elevator serves the uppermost floors, and an underpass connects the building with the tower's underground parking. The rent being paid by the government is $16/square metre per month for the next 20 years.
Design
The design of the building, which used postmodern architecture, was led by Peleg Architects. The building is mostly made of concrete, however its facade consists of such materials as granite, glass and aluminium, which were colored in dark green. The exterior walls of floors above 31 are fully glazed from floor to ceiling.
References
External links
HaYovel Tower on REIT1 website
HaYovel Tower on Skyscrapercenter.com
HaYovel Tower on Emporis
HaYovel Tower on Telavivinf.com
Office buildings completed in 2005
Skyscrapers in Tel Aviv |
John McRae may refer to:
John J. McRae, American politician in Mississippi
John Rodney McRae, American murderer and suspected serial killer
John Duncan McRae, member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, 1949–1952
John McRae (British Columbia politician), member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, 1920–1924
John McRae (bowls)
See also
John McCrae, Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier
John McCrea (disambiguation)
John MacRae (disambiguation) |
The 1995 FIVB Men's World Cup was held from 18 November to 2 December 1995 in Japan. Twelve men's national teams played in cities all over Japan for the right to a fast lane ticket into the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. The first three qualified.
The twelve competing teams played a single-round robin format, in two parallel groups (site A and site B). The men played in Tokyo, Sendai, Fukushima, Chiba, Hiroshima, Kumamoto, and Kagoshima.
Qualification
Results
All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+09:00).
First round
Site A
Location: Tokyo
Site B
Location: Kumamoto
Second round
Site A
Location: Hiroshima
Site B
Location: Kumamoto
Third round
Site A
Location: Sendai
Site B
Location: Fukushima
Fourth round
Site A
Location: Tokyo
Site B
Location: Chiba
Final standing
Awards
Most valuable player
Andrea Giani
Best scorer
Marcos Milinkovic
Best spiker
Bas van de Goor
Best server
Lloy Ball
Best blocker
Jason Haldane
Best digger
Pablo Pereira
Best setter
Peter Blangé
Best receiver
Gino Brousseau
References
1995 Men's
W
V
V |
The Mid-Western Regional Council is a local government area in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area is located adjacent to the Castlereagh Highway that passes through the middle of the area in an approximate southeast–northwest direction.
Mid-Western Regional Council was proclaimed on 26 May 2004 and incorporates the whole of the former Mudgee Shire Council and parts of the former Merriwa and Rylstone Shires. The Mid-Western Regional Council also incorporated the area of the historic Wyaldra Shire, which was abolished in an earlier round of local government amalgamations. A historic building in Gulgong, built in 1910, served as the former shire headquarters.
The mayor of Mid-Western Regional Council is Cr. Des Kennedy, who is unaligned with any political party.
Towns and localities
The largest town and council seat is Mudgee. The region also includes the towns of Gulgong, Rylstone and Kandos, the villages of Bylong and Ilford, and the locality Bombira. Most of the LGA is agricultural with a strong presence from coal mining, but it includes several historical towns.
Council
Current composition and election method
Mid-Western Regional Council is composed of nine councillors elected proportionally as a single ward. All councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor is elected by the councillors at the first meeting of the council. The most recent election was held on 10 September 2016, and the makeup of the council is as follows:
The current Council, elected in 2012, in order of election, is:
References
Local government areas of New South Wales |
The tribe Brongniartieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae, primarily found in tropical regions of the Americas and in Australia The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses. The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but morphological synapomorphies have been identified:
"stamens united by filaments in an adaxially open tube; anthers alternately long and basifixed, short and versatile; anther connective inconspicuous; septa present between seeds in pods; aril lateral lobe present and fitting into heel of funicle; fine red glandular processes present in axils; and pollen tricolporate with opercula and no definite endoaperture."
References
External links
Fabaceae tribes |
This is a list of the Indiana state historical markers in Putnam County.
This is intended to be a complete list of the official state historical markers placed in Putnam County, Indiana, United States by the Indiana Historical Bureau. The locations of the historical markers and their latitude and longitude coordinates are included below when available, along with their names, years of placement, and topics as recorded by the Historical Bureau. There are 3 historical markers located in Putnam County.
Historical markers
See also
List of Indiana state historical markers
National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, Indiana
References
External links
Indiana Historical Marker Program
Indiana Historical Bureau
Putnam County
Historical markers |
Cynophalla heterophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Capparaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
Endemic flora of Ecuador
heterophylla
Endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
Deryl Dodd is the second studio album by American country music artist Deryl Dodd. It was released on November 24, 1998 via Columbia Nashville. The album includes the singles "A Bitter End", "Good Idea Tomorrow" and "John Roland Wood".
Critical reception
Jana Pendragon of AllMusic praised the album for having a more neotraditional country sound than his first album.
Track listing
Chart performance
References
1999 albums
Deryl Dodd albums
Albums produced by Blake Chancey
Columbia Records albums |
Hank Edwards (born May 2, 1983) is a professional Canadian and Arena football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was originally signed by the Tampa Bay Storm as a street free agent in 2006. He played college football at Texas Southern.
Edwards also played for the Toronto Argonauts
External links
Toronto Argonauts bio
1983 births
Living people
Players of American football from Broward County, Florida
Players of Canadian football from Florida
American players of Canadian football
Texas Southern Tigers football players
American football wide receivers
Canadian football wide receivers
Tampa Bay Storm players
Toronto Argonauts players
San Jose SaberCats players
Jacksonville Sharks players
Spokane Shock players |
The New Year Honours 1903, announced at the time as the Durbar Honours, were appointments to various orders and honours of the United Kingdom and British India. The list was announced on the day of the 1903 Delhi Durbar held to celebrate the succession of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra as Emperor and Empress of India. The membership of the two Indian Orders were expanded to allow for all the new appointments.
The list was published in The Times on 1 January 1903, and the various honours were gazetted in The London Gazette on 1 January 1903.
A list of appointments to the Royal Victorian Order was announced in the London Gazette on 30 December 1902. These were not included in the Durbar Honours list, as the individuals had already received their decorations in late 1902. They have been added to the end of this page to show the most complete picture of orders awarded.
The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
Knight Bachelor
Montagu Charles Turner, Esq., President, Bengal Chamber of Commerce, and an Additional Member of the Council of the Governor-General for making laws and regulations.
Lieutenant-Colonel William Earnshaw Cooper, CIE, Commandant, Cawnpore Volunteer Rifles
Dr. George Watt, CIE, Officer in charge of the Economics and Art Section of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
William Ovens Clark, Esq., Indian Civil Service, Chief Judge, Chief Court of the Punjab
Lieutenant-Colonel James Lewis Walker, CIE, 2nd Punjab Volunteer Rifles
Mr. Justice James Ackworth Davies, Indian Civil Service, Judge of the High Court of Judicature at Fort St. George
Harkissandas Narotamdas, Esq., Sheriff of Bombay
William Godsell, Esq., Auditor, India Office
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB)
Civil Division
His Highness Asaf Jah Muzaffar-ul-Mamalik, Nizam-ul-Mulk Nizam-ud-Daula Nawab Mir Sir Mahbub Ali Khan Bahadur Fateh Jang, of Hyderabad, GCSI
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB)
Military Division
Colonel (local Major-General) Charles Comyn Egerton, CB, DSO, ADC
Colonel Arthur George Hammond, VC, CB, DSO
Order of the Star of India
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI)
The Right Honourable George Francis Hamilton, commonly called Lord George Francis Hamilton
His Highness Raja Sir Rama Varma, of Cochin, KCSI
Colonel His Highness Priyadarsi Devanampriya Maharaj-Adhiraj Maharaja Rudra Pratap Singh, Maharaja of Singrauli
Knights Commanders of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI)
Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson, Esq., CSI, Indian Civil Service, Member of the Council of the Governor-General of India.
Rear-Admiral Charles Carter Drury, Commander-in-Chief of His Majesty's Naval Forces in the East Indies.
Henry Martin Winterbotham, Esq, CSI, Indian Civil Service, Member of the Council of the Governor of Fort St. George.
James Monteath, Esq., CSI, Indian Civil Service, Member of the Council of the Governor of Bombay.
Lieutenant-Colonel Donald Robertson, CSI, Indian Staff Corps, Resident in Mysore, and Chief Commissioner of Coorg.
Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, Esq., CSI, Indian Civil Service, Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces.
Hugh Shakespear Barnes, Esq., CSI, Indian Civil Service, Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department.
Surgeon-General William Roe Hooper, CSI, Indian Medical Service (retired), President of the Medical Board at the India Office.
Colonel Sir Colin Campbell Scott Moncrieff, KCMG, CSI, Royal Engineers (retired), President of the Indian Irrigation Commission.
His Highness Raja Kirti Sah, of Tehri, Garhwal, CSI
Kunwar Ranbir Singh, of Patiala
Companions of the Order of the Star of India (CSI)
Sir Edward Fitzgerald Law, KCMG, Member of the Council of the Governor-General of India.
Charles Stuart Bayley, Esq, Indian Civil Service, Agent to the Governor-General in Central India.
Edward Townshend Candy, Esq, Indian Civil Service, Puisne Judge of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay.
Gabriel Stokes, Esq., Indian Civil Service, Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras and an additional Member of the Council of the Governor of Fort St. George for making Laws and Regulations.
Major-General Trevor Bruce Tyler, Royal Artillery, Inspector-General of Artillery in India.
Harvey Adamson, Esq., Indian Civil Service, Judicial Commissioner of Upper Burma.
William Henry Lockington Impey, Esq, Indian Civil Service, Officiating Chief Secretary to the Government of the United Provinces, and a Member of the Council of the Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces for making Laws and Regulations.
William Charles Macpherson, Esq, Indian Civil Service, Officiating Secretary to the Government of Bengal, General and Revenue Departments, and a Member of the Council of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal for making Laws and Regulations.
Colonel St George Corbet Gore, Royal Engineers, Surveyor-General of India.
Lieutenant-Colonel James Alexander Lawrence Montgomery, Indian Staff Corps, Commissioner of the Rawalpindi Division of the Punjab.
Reginald Henry Craddock, Esq., Indian Civil Service, Commissioner of the Jubbulpore Division of the Central Provinces.
Colonel Henry Doveton Hutchinson, Indian Staff Corps, Assistant Military Secretary (for Indian Affairs) at the War Office.
Major Hugh Daly, CIE, Indian Staff Corps, Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department.
Raja Ban Bihari Kapur, of Burdwan.
Nawab Mumtaz-ud-Daula Muhammad Faiyaz Ali Khan, of Pahasu, lately a Member of the Council of the Lieutenant-Governor of the United Provinces for making Laws and Regulations.
Sardar Badan Singh, of Malaudh, in the Ludhiana District of the Punjab.
It had been the King′s intention to appoint His Highness Raja Bije Sen Bahadur of Mandi to be a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India, had he not died in December 1902.
Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the indian Empire (GCIE)
His Highness Sri Padmanabha Dasa Vanji Sir Bala Rama Varma Kulashekhara Kiritapati Mani Sultan Maharaja Raja Rama Raja Bahadur Shamsher Jang, of Travancore, GCSI
His Highness Farzand-i-Arjumand Akidat-Paiwand Daulat-i-Inglishia Barar Bans Sarmur Raja-i-Rajagan Raja Sir Hira Singh Malwandar Bahadur, of Nabha, GCSI
It had been the King′s intention to appoint Sir John Woodburn, KCSI to be a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, had he not died in November 1902.
Knights Commander of the Order of the indian Empire (KCIE)
Sir Lawrence Hugh Jenkins, Chief Justice of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay.
Herbert Thirkell White, Esq, CIE, Indian Civil Service, Chief Judge of the Chief Court of Lower Burma.
Charles Lewis Tupper, Esq, CSI, Indian Civil Service, Financial Commissioner of the Punjab, and a Member of the Council of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab for making Laws and Regulations.
Surgeon-General Benjamin Franklin, CIE, Indian Medical Service, Honorary Physician to the King, Director-General, Indian Medical Service, and Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India.
Frederick Augustus Nicholson, Esq, CIE, Indian Civil Service, First Member of the Board of Revenue, Madras, and an Additional Member of the Council of the Governor of Fort St George for making Laws and Regulations.
Arthur Upton Fanshawe, Esq, CSI, Indian Civil Service, Director-General of the Post Office of India.
Walter Roper Lawrence, Esq, CIE, Indian Civil Service (retired), Private Secretary to His Excellency the Viceroy of India.
John Eliot, Esq, CIE, Meteorological Reporter to the Government of India, and Director-General of Indian Observatories.
Raja Dhiraj Nahar Singh, of Shahpura, in Rajputana.
Gangadhar Rao Ganesh, alias Bala Sahib Patwar-Dhan, Chief of Miraj (Senior Branch), in the Southern Mahratta Country.
Sardar Ghaus Bakhsh, Raisani, the Premier Chief of the Sarawans, Baluchistan.
Maharaja Harballabh Narayan Singh Bahadur, of Sonbursa, Bengal, CIE
Maharaja Peshkar Kishn Parshad, Minister to His Highness the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Puma Narasingharao Krishna Murti, CIE, Dewan of Mysore.
Maharaja Gode Narayana Gajapati Rao, of Vizagapatam, CIE
Companions of the Order of the indian Empire (CIE)
Colonel Ernest De Brath, Indian Staff Corps, Joint Secretary to the Government of India in the Military Department.
Pratul Chandar Chattarji, Rai Bahadur, Judge of the Chief Court of the Punjab.
Frederick Gurr Maclean, Esq, Director-General of Telegraphs in India.
Walter Bernard de Winton, Esq, Chief Engineer and Secretary to the Government of Madras in the Public Works Department.
Colonel Trevredyn Rashleigh Wynne, Agent and Chief Engineer of the Bengal-Nagpur Railway, Honorary Aide-de-Camp to the Viceroy of India, and Commandant of the Bengal-Nagpur Railway Volunteer Rifle Corps.
Algernon Elliott, Esq, Officiating Commissioner of the Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
Major (temporary Lieutenant-Colonel) Charles Arnold Kemball, Indian Staff Corps, Officiating Political Resident in the Persian Gulf.
Herbert William Cameron Carnduff, Esq, Indian Civil Service. Deputy Secretary to the Government of India in the Legislative Department.
Lieutenant-Colonel William Loch, General List Infantry, Principal of Mayo College, at Ajmer.
Lieutenant-Colonel Gerald Bomford, MD, Indian Medical Service, Principal of the Medical College, Calcutta.
Lieutenant-Colonel John Hodding, VD, Commandant of the Behar Light Horse.
Edward Giles, Esq, Director of Public Instruction, Bombay.
Henry King Beauchamp, Esq, Sheriff of Madras, Editor of the " Madras Mail."
Harjibhai Manekji Rustamji, Esq, Sheriff of Calcutta.
Havilland Le Mesurier, Esq, Indian Civil Service, lately Magistrate and Collector of Patna, and Chairman of the Patna Municipality.
Robert Nathan, Esq, Indian Civil Service, late Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Home Department, and Secretary to the Indian Universities Commission.
Major Alfred William Alcock, MB, FRS, Indian Medical Service, Superintendent of the Indian Museum.
Arthur Hill, Esq, Executive Engineer. 1st Grade, Bombay Presidency.
Douglas Donald, Esq, Commandant of the Border Military Police and Saniana Rifles, Kohat.
Jagadish Chandra Bose, Professor of the Presidency College at Calcutta.
Nawab Muhammad Sharif Khan, Khan of Dir.
Mehtar Shuja-ul-Mulk of Chitral
Mir Muhammad Nazim Khan, Mir of Hunza.
Raja Sikandar Khan, of Nagar.
William Dickson Cruickshank, Esq, Secretary and Treasurer of the Bank of Bengal.
Thomas Jewell Bennett, Esq, of the "Times of India", Bombay.
John O'Brien Saunders, Esq, Proprietor and Editor of the "Englishman", Calcutta.
Henry Wenden, Esq, Agent of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway.
Charles Henry Wilson, Esq, Manager of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and Vice-President of the Rangoon Municipal Committee.
Khan Bahadur Maulvi Khuda Bakhsh, of Patna.
Rao Bahadur Shyam Sundar Lai, Dewan of Kishangarh in Rajputana.
Rao Bahadur Muushi Balmakund Das, Dewan Bahadur, Member of the Alwar State Council.
Robert Herriot Henderson, Esq, Superintendent of the Tarrapur Tea Company's Gardens in the Cachar District, Assam.
Nawab Hafiz Muhammad Abdulla Khan, Alizai, of Dera Ismail Khan, Honorary Commandant of the 15th Bengal Cavalry.
Kun Kyi, Sawbwa of Mong Nai, in the Southern Shan States.
Mir Mehrulla Khan, Raisani, Nazim of Mekran, Baluchistan.
Nawab Fateh Ali Khari, Kaziltash, of Lahore.
Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Gangu Dhar Shastri, Professor of the Sanskrit College at Benares.
Faridoouji Jamshedji. Esq, Private Secretary to His Highness the Nizam's Minister at Hyderabad.
Charles Henry West, Esq, Personal Assistant to the Adjutant-General in India.
It had been the King′s intention to confer a Companionship of the Order of the Indian Empire on Mr. Harry Charles Hill, for his service in the Forest department in India, had he also not died in November 1902.
Kaisar-i-Hind Medal
Her Excellency The Lady Curzon of Kedleston, CI.
The Reverend Samuel Scott Allmutt, MA, Cambridge Mission, Delhi.
Albert Frederick Ashton, Esq., Deputy Commissioner, Northern India Salt Revenue Department.
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Hutton Dawson, Indian Staff Corps, Political Superintendent, Hilly Tracts, Mewar.
Captain Alain C. July de Lotbinière, Royal Engineers, Deputy Chief Engineer in Mysore.
James Douglas, Esq., of Bombay.
The Reverend J. A. Graham, MA, Kalimpong, Bengal.
Pandit Jwála Prasád, Magistrate and Collector of Jalaun, United Provinces.
Clarence Kirkpatrick, Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Member of the Municipal Committee of Delhi.
Lieutenant-Colonel Robert William Steele Lyons, MD, Indian Medical Service, Civil Surgeon and Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, Dharwar, Bombay Presidency.
Merwanjee Cowasjee, Esq., Municipal Commissioner and Honorar Magistrate, Rangoon.
John Nisbet, Esq., lately a Conservator of Forests in Burma.
Major David Semple, MD, RAMC, Director of the Pasteur Institute, Kasauli.
The Reverend J. D. W. Sewell, S.J., Manager of St. Joseph′s College, Trichinopoly, Madras Presidency.
The Reverend David Whitton, Principal of the Hislop College, Nagpur, Central Provinces.
Honorary military ranks and Salutes
Honorary Military ranks
His Highness Raja Sir Hira Sing Bahadur, GCSI, of Nabha, is granted the honorary rank of Colonel in the Army.
His Highness Maharao Sir Umaid Singh Bahadur, KCSI, of Kota, is granted the honorary rank of Major in the Army.
Salutes
The King has been graciously pleased on the occasion of the Coronation Durbar to grant the following salutes:
To Nawab Sidi Sir Ahmad Khan, KCIE, of Janjira, the increase of his dynastic salute from nine to eleven guns.
To Sankar Rao Chimnaji, Pant Sachir of Bhor, the grant of a personal salute of nine guns.
To Maharana Jaswantsinghji Harisinghji of Danta, the grant of a personal salute of nine guns.
To Sir Amid-ud-in Ahmad Khan Bahadur, KCIE, Nawab of Loharu, the grant of a personal salute of nine guns.
To the Sawbwa of Kengtung, the grant of a permanent salute of eleven guns.
To the Sawbwa of Mongnai, the grant of a permanent salute of nine guns.
To the Sawbwa of Hsipaw, the grant of a permanent salute of nine guns.
Royal Victorian Order
Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)
Honorary
His Excellency the Marquis de Soveral, GCMG, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the King of Portugal at the Court of St. James's.
Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)
Major-General Hugh Richard, Viscount Downe, CVO, CB, CIE (received the decoration at Buckingham Palace on 18 December 1902).
Sir John Williams, Bart., M.D. (received the decoration during a visit to King Edward VII at Sandringham House on 29 December 1902)
Honorary
Rear-Admiral Guilherme Augusto de Biito Capello, Aide-de-Camp to His Majesty the King of Portugal.
Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO)
Honorary
Dr. Friedrich Ilberg, MVO, Physician to His Imperial Majesty the German Emperor and King of Prussia.
Member of the Royal Victorian Order, 4th class (MVO)
Major David Phelips Chapman, late Cheshire Regiment, Director of Accounts Department, Ministry of the Interior, Egypt.
Major James Henry L'Estrange Johnstone, Royal Engineers, President of the Egyptian Railway Administration.
Captain George Edward Wickham Legg, Secretary of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Families' Association (received the decoration at Buckingham Palace on 18 December 1902).
Stapleton Charles Cotton, Esq., on his retirement from the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms (received the decoration at Buckingham Palace on 18 December 1902).
Honorary
Geheimer Hofrathein Julius Taegen, of the German Imperial Foreign Service
References
New Year Honours
1903 in the United Kingdom
1903 awards |
James Carlisle Wasson (March 31, 1886 - November 1966) was a Democratic member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, representing Attala County, from 1916 to 1920.
Biography
James Carlisle Wasson was born on March 31, 1886, in Creek, Attala County, Mississippi. His parents were Newton Copeland Wasson and Mary Jane (Ratliff) Watson. He, along with Icey Day, were elected to represent Attala County in the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1915. He died in November 1966, and was residing in Kosciusko, Mississippi, at that time.
References
1886 births
1966 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Mississippi House of Representatives
People from Attala County, Mississippi
People from Kosciusko, Mississippi |
Podgórzyce may refer to the following places:
Podgórzyce, Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)
Podgórzyce, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
Podgórzyce, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland) |
The 1981 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Louisiana Tech University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 1981 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their second year under head coach Billy Brewer, the team compiled a 4–6–1 record.
Schedule
References
Louisiana Tech
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football seasons
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football |
Josefina Isabel Villalobos Páramo (born August 5, 1924) is an American-born Colombian-Ecuadorian public servant. She was the First Lady of Ecuador serving from August 10, 1992, through August 10, 1996, when her husband, Sixto Durán Ballén, served as President of Ecuador.
Early life
Villalobos was born in New York City to Colombian parents. In 1945, she married Sixto Durán Ballén.
First Lady (1992–1996)
As the first lady of the nation, Villalobos was known in the media and by the Ecuadorian people Finita de Durán-Ballén. When she became first lady, she played a vital role in the creation of the (INNFA). She was known for hosting of Carondelet Palace and accompanying her husband in various trips nationally and internationally. Josefina was the first older lady to assume the role, since she was 68 years old when her husband won the presidency of the Republic in 1992.
Personal life
Ballén and Villalobos had eight children. After Ballén left office, the two retired and lived in Quito, Ecuador. On November 15, 2016, Ballén died at the age of 95.
References
External links
1924 births
Living people
First ladies of Ecuador
Colombian emigrants to Ecuador
People from New York City
Colombian expatriates in the United States
21st-century Ecuadorian women |
Kells Water was one of the four district electoral areas in Ballymena, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 1993. The district elected six members to Ballymena Borough Council, and formed part of the North Antrim constituency for the Northern Ireland Assembly.
It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Ballymena Area C which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Ballee, Ballykeel, Glenwhirry, Harryville, Kells and Moat. It was abolished for the 1993 local elections, and mostly replaced with the new Ballymena South DEA with Glenwhirry moving to the new Braid DEA.
Councillors
1989 Election
1985: 5 x DUP, 1 x UUP
1989: 4 x DUP, 2 x UUP
1985-1989 Change: UUP gain from DUP
1985 Election
1985: 5 x DUP, 1 x UUP
References
1985 establishments in Northern Ireland
1993 disestablishments in Northern Ireland |
Bernard A. Coyne (July 27, 1897May 20, 1921) is one of only 20 individuals in medical history to have stood or more. Coyne may have reached a height of tall at the time of his death in 1921. His World War I draft registration card, dated on August 29, 1918, lists his height as . The Guinness Book of World Records stated that he was refused induction into the Army (1918) when he stood at a height of .
Coyne was the tallest ever eunuchoidal infantile giant, a condition also known as gigantism. He was the tallest person in the world at the time of his death when, like Robert Wadlow, he was still growing. He reportedly wore size 24 (American) shoes.
Bernard Coyne died in 1921. He is buried in Anthon, Iowa, in a specially-made, extra-large coffin.
References
1897 births
1921 deaths
Burials in Iowa
Castrated people
Deaths from liver disease
People from Woodbury County, Iowa
People with gigantism |
Firestone Fieldhouse is a multipurpose arena located near Malibu, California, on the campus of Pepperdine University. It was built in 1973 as the home of the Pepperdine Waves basketball and volleyball teams, who still play at the Fieldhouse today. It seats 3,104 for sporting events and up to 5,000 for concerts, graduation ceremonies, and lectures.
The Fieldhouse was officially dedicated on September 20, 1975, by President Gerald R. Ford. A year later, 4,500 fans crowded the Fieldhouse to see Pepperdine defeat the UNLV Runnin' Rebels basketball team by a score of 93–91.
The floor at Firestone Fieldhouse, which measures by 110 feet (12,100 square feet) has been replaced twice. The current floor at the arena is a wooden floor.
See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
References
External links
Pepperdine Waves profile
Basketball venues in California
College basketball venues in the United States
College volleyball venues in the United States
Indoor arenas in California
Pepperdine Waves basketball
Pepperdine Waves volleyball
Sports venues in Greater Los Angeles
Volleyball venues in California
Sports venues completed in 1973 |
The Nanto-Bordelaise Company — formally La Compagnie de Bordeaux et de Nantes pour la Colonisation de l’Île du Sud de la Nouvelle Zélande et ses Dépendances — was a French company inaugurated in 1839 by a group of merchants from the cities of Nantes and Bordeaux, with the purpose of founding a French colony in the South Island of New Zealand.
The company was formed after negotiations in August 1838 between whaling boat captain Jean-François Langlois and several Ngāi Tahu Māori chiefs for the purchase of several thousand acres of land on Banks Peninsula, for which Langlois promised to pay a total of 1,000 francs. Upon returning to France in 1839, Langlois set about founding a company with the help of several financial backers, the eventual aim of which was to claim the entirety of the South Island for France. Government support was obtained in December of the same year via King Louis-Philippe to transport 80 settlers to Port Louis-Philippe (now Akaroa). A warship, the corvette Aube, would travel to New Zealand, followed a month later by the colonists aboard . Aube left for the Pacific in February 1840, captained by Charles François Lavaud, who had been appointed as Commissaire du Roi.
Aware of the potential threat of losing sovereignty of parts of the New Zealand island chain to the French, during early 1840, Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson was tasked with securing the whole of the country for the British Government. To this end, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed as an agreement between the British Crown and the indigenous Māori population. By the time Aube arrived at the Bay of Islands in June 1840, the acquisition of the country by Britain was effectively complete. Faced with no prospect of anything more than a small colonial settlement, Lavaud left for Banks Peninsula to oversee the arrival of Comte de Paris. Hobson also sent a ship, HMS Britomart, on board which were colonial magistrates.
On arriving at Akaroa, Lavaud discovered that the agreement between Langlois and the local Māori was not as clear-cut as had been promised. Despite this, the founding of the colony went ahead, under an amalgam of French and British jurisdiction. C.B. Robinson, one of the magistrates sent on Britomart, worked alongside Lavaud in the organisation of the settlement. Lavaud retired in 1843, and was succeeded as Commissaire du Roi by Post-Captain A. Bérard, who remained in this position until 1846, when formal agreements between the French government and the Nanto-Bordelaise Company settlement ended.
The question of sovereignty remained a complex one, which the local colonial authorities were unable to solve. Eventually, the British Government resolved that the company would be awarded four acres of land for every £1 they could prove to have spent on the settlement. On 30 June 1849, the company's remaining New Zealand properties were bought by the New Zealand Company for the sum of £4,500. A second ship carrying more French settlers, Monarch, arrived at Akaroa in 1850.
Akaroa and the nearby smaller settlement of Duvauchelle both retain a pride in their French history, with many of the local streets having French names. A biennial French festival is held in odd-numbered years in Akaroa.
References
History of Canterbury, New Zealand
Banks Peninsula
1840s in New Zealand
Treaty of Waitangi
Government of New Zealand
Former French colonies
French colonisation in Oceania
History of European colonialism
French companies established in 1839
Chartered companies
Immigration to New Zealand
France–New Zealand relations
French-New Zealand culture
Companies disestablished in 1849
Companies disestablished in 1856
Akaroa
Trading companies established in the 19th century
Trading companies of France
Trading companies disestablished in the 19th century |
"People Are Crazy" is a song written by Bobby Braddock, Troy Jones, and Hunter Montgomery and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in March 2009 as the second single from Currington’s 2008 album Little Bit of Everything. The song became Currington's third number one hit on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. On December 2, 2009, the song was nominated for two Grammy Awards for Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song. The song was also nominated for "Song of the Year" at the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards.
Content
"People Are Crazy" centralizes on the male narrator and an old, divorced war veteran whom he meets in a bar in Ohio Key, Key West, Florida. In the first verse, the two of them converse, which leads to the old man saying, "God is great, beer is good / And people are crazy." They continue to converse throughout the second verse as well, with the old man hinting that he is terminally ill with a smoking-related illness, before parting ways in the bridge. In the third verse, the old man dies. The narrator discovers that the old man was a millionaire famous enough to warrant a "front page obituary" and "left his fortune to / Some guy he barely knew" (i.e., the narrator) over the objections of the old man's children. After this discovery, the narrator visits the old man's grave and declares that the old man was right. The song has a 4/4 time signature and a moderate tempo, and is set in the key of F major, using a main chord pattern of F–C–Dm–B. Currington's vocals range from B3 to D5.
According to the blog maintained by the television network CMT, Currington said of the song, "It’s one of those that lifts your spirits and make you laugh. I knew the first time I heard it, I wanted to lay it down and record it for the album."
Bobby Braddock and Troy Jones wrote the song after Jones gave Braddock the idea for the line "God is great, beer is good / And people are crazy." Jones was in Alabama and decided to take a drive through the country. He was trying to think of three things you can't argue with and came up with the three things. When the two were writing the song, Braddock then suggested the twist ending.
Music video
The music video was shot by the Brads, a directing duo consisting of Potsy Ponciroli and Blake McClure.
Critical reception
In his review of the album, Billboard critic Mikael Wood said that the song was a "briskly strummed country-rock number" that "handily reduces [Currington]'s worldview to a memorable one-liner", and added that the rest of the album "doesn't do much to complicate that philosophy". Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a positive review, saying that "It goes a long way into proving just what is great about country music: the stories and simple, effective melodies." Juli Thanki of Engine 145 gave the song a thumbs-down rating, saying that it was "feel-good like a Reader's Digest story" and did not have a country music sound other than "an occasionally audible steel guitar lick."
Chart performance
End of year charts
Certifications
References
2009 singles
Country ballads
2000s ballads
Billy Currington songs
Songs written by Bobby Braddock
Song recordings produced by Carson Chamberlain
Mercury Nashville singles
2008 songs
Songs about death |
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