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Jacutinga is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. As of 2020, the estimated population was 26,264. Other uses Jacutinga is also a type of gold-bearing iron ore found in Brazil. References External links Prefeitura Municipal de Jacutinga Municipalities in Minas Gerais
Utopia, internationally titled Dreamland, is an Australian television comedy series by Working Dog Productions that premiered on the ABC on 13 August 2014. The series follows the working lives of a team in the fictional Nation Building Authority, a newly created government organisation. The Authority is responsible for overseeing major infrastructure projects, from announcement to unveiling. The series explores the collision between bureaucracy and grand ambitions. The second series aired in 2015, beginning with the first episode on 19 August 2015. The third series aired in 2017, beginning with the first episode on 19 July 2017. The fourth series aired in 2019, beginning on 21 August 2019. A fifth series aired from 7 June 2023. Plot The series is set inside the offices of the fictional Nation Building Authority, a newly created government organisation responsible for overseeing major infrastructure projects ranging from new roads and rail lines to airports and high rise urban developments. It follows the working lives of a tight-knit team of bureaucrats in charge of guiding big building schemes from announcement to unveiling. Throughout the series grand projects are frustrated by self-interest, publicity stunts, constant shifts in political priorities and bureaucracy. The series features a number of recurring themes. The office is continually focused on various fads. In one episode, staff become obsessed with exercise after a visit from a Heart Smart representative, practising communal yoga in the office at regular intervals. In another episode, Amy (Davidson) hires an indoor plant consultant, making major changes to office air conditioning and lighting, after Tony's (Sitch) plant dies and he asks for a replacement. Rhonda (Flanagan) frequently attends conferences or workshops on various forms of online media. She returns to the office enthusiastically and doggedly drawing priorities away from important projects to superficial online projects on how to engage more with their relevant "audience". Background Utopia is written and produced by three of the founding members of Working Dog Productions: Rob Sitch, Santo Cilauro and Tom Gleisner. It is produced by Michael Hirsh, directed by Sitch who also stars as one of the main characters Tony, and casting managed by Jane Kennedy. When casting, Sitch wanted to have actors who possessed a certain acting style, that appeared as if nothing absurd was going on. Sitch described the series as being about "the currency of grand dreams". He described that the idea of the "Nation Building Authority" was to portray it as one of those things that got set up in a bit of a mad rush and that under all the grand dreams there was a white elephant waiting to appear. Utopia continues on the satirical themes of other Working Dog works such as Frontline and The Hollowmen. Sitch also noted that the series was more observational than satirical and that it depicted how organisations may or may not function. When creating the show, Gleisner said the production team spoke to people who worked with government authorities and had experienced for themselves the daily unpredictabilities of working in these environments. Characters Main cast Tony Woodford (Rob Sitch) is the CEO of the NBA, and is constantly exasperated by his inability to achieve anything other than meetings, studies and reports. Jim Gibson (Anthony Lehmann) is the government liaison. He is unceasingly positive about new government projects, while being oblivious to the problems and chaos they cause. Nat Russell (Celia Pacquola) is the Chief Operations Officer, and Tony's second in charge. The only other competent person in the office, she is just as frustrated as Tony. Scott Byrnes (Dave Lawson) is a project assistant, an enthusiastic guy who doesn't actually do much. He can sometimes be helpful to Tony. Rhonda Stewart (Kitty Flanagan) is the media manager. She forcefully pushes her narrow agenda, often based on some new fad, ignoring more important priorities. Katie Norris (Emma-Louise Wilson) is Tony's personal assistant. She constantly tries to be helpful but is somewhat incompetent. Hugh (Luke McGregor) is Nat's project assistant, who constantly reminds her of how difficult it is to do things. (Series 1–2) Amy (Michelle Lim Davidson) is the office receptionist, who is always positive and chirpy, but unable to see the big picture. (Series 1–2) Karsten Leith (Toby Truslove) a media and marketing content creator and an ally of Rhonda, who is highly optimistic and always has a grand vision. (Series 1–2; Guest Series 3–4) Ashan De Silva (Dilruk Jayasinha) is a senior project manager at the NBA with degrees in accounting, business administration and engineering. He is yet to master the office coffee machine. (Series 3–5) Courtney Kano (Nina Oyama) is the Executive Assistant and Office Manager, and likes to refer to herself as the NBA's Chief Happiness Officer, after having recently completed an anger management course. (Series 3–5) Recurring characters Beverley Sadler (Rebecca Massey) is the head of the Human Resources Department and an experienced recruiter whose main role is conducting exit interviews with staff members who have quit after three weeks in the job. She frequently uses HR jargon and always asks what the date is. (Series 2–5) Brian Collins (Jamie Robertson) has the official title "Head of Building Services and Security", but his actual role is to ensure that everyone is wearing the correct lanyard. (Series 3–5) Series overview Episodes Series 1 (2014) Series 2 (2015) Series 3 (2017) Series 4 (2019) Series 5 (2023) Reception Anne Pender from The Conversation described Utopia as "light – but sharp and witty" political satire. She praised the talents of the writers and the cast of "exceptional actors". She also noted that it was an improvement from The Speechmaker, a stage show that Sitch and Working Dog Productions put together earlier in 2014. David Knox from TV Tonight noted the show's similarity to Sitch's previous work, The Hollowmen. In addition to praising the performances of cast members, he opined that the city backdrop of East Melbourne gave the series a "fresh, contemporary feel" accompanied by a "driving percussion soundtrack" and "cityscape montages". Ahmad Kahn from The Huffington Post drew comparisons with the earlier and more cynical seasons of American workplace comedies The Office and Parks and Recreation, as well as saying that Utopia offers a "painfully funny satire that focuses on the interaction between the media and press friendly projects wanted by government administrations and the disparities it presents to those in the agency who would prefer practicality." Netflix purchased the rights to the program in 2015 to broadcast the first two series under the title Dreamland. Series 1 began airing on PBS in the United States on 21 July 2018. Awards and nominations See also List of Australian television series List of Australian Broadcasting Corporation programs References External links Utopia on Working Dog Productions' website Upotia on ABC iview 2014 Australian television series debuts Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming 2010s Australian comedy television series Australian workplace comedy television series Television shows set in Melbourne
Zaffé is an arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Glazoué. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 9,268. References Populated places in the Collines Department Arrondissements of Benin
Amitkumar Gautam (born 10 October 1995) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Rajasthan in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 5 November 2016. He made his List A debut for Rajasthan in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 5 February 2018. References External links 1995 births Living people Indian cricketers Rajasthan cricketers People from Dholpur district
The 1946 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 19 January to 29 January. It was the 34th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 8th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. It was also the first edition of the championship after a five-year hiatus due to World War II. The singles titles were won by Australians John Bromwich and Nancye Wynne Bolton. Finals Men's singles John Bromwich defeated Dinny Pails 5–7, 6–3, 7–5, 3–6, 6–2 Women's singles Nancye Wynne Bolton defeated Joyce Fitch 6–4, 6–4 Men's doubles John Bromwich / Adrian Quist defeated Max Newcombe / Len Schwartz 6–3, 6–1, 9–7 Women's doubles Joyce Fitch / Mary Bevis defeated Nancye Wynne Bolton / Thelma Coyne Long 9–7, 6–4 Mixed doubles Nancye Wynne Bolton / Colin Long defeated Joyce Fitch / John Bromwich 6–0, 6–4 References External links Australian Open official website 1946 1946 in Australian tennis January 1946 sports events in Australia
Church of the Friendly Ghost aka COTFG is a volunteer-run arts organization supporting creative expression and counter-culture community. COTFG activities may include experiments in sound composition, custom made electronics, improvisation, cross-genre collaborations, site-specific performances, and future-minded creative music. Conception Church of the Friendly Ghost, currently known as COTFG was originally established in the fall of 2003 when a group of friends began hosting performances and other artistic activities in a small former church building at 209 Pedernales Street in Austin, Texas. Over the years, the organization has presented over one thousand events. In 2007, COTFG became a sponsored project of Salvage Vanguard Theater, a tax-exempt, non-profit organization. Also in 2007, the organization re-located to a performance space on Manor Rd. In June 2016, COTFG held their final performance in the Salvage Vanguard Theater building and has since then continued to create numerous site-specific performances around the city of Austin. New Media Art & Sound Summit aka NMASS In 2009, COTFG created a festival, originally called the Modern Aural Sculpture Symposium South, to provide opportunities to explore music through workshops, lectures on compositional techniques, improvisation demonstrations, interviews with musicians, art installations, experimental musics, and performances of local artists at both the festival location and throughout the city of Austin. In 2010, COTFG expanded the festival into a three-day event and renamed it the New Media Art and Sound Summit, or the "NMASS Fest." The yearly festival emphasizes collaboration and creation with the intention of attracting attention to Austin's creative community. NMASS Fest and the COTFG series of performances are made possible by community patrons, and through their partnership with Salvage Vanguard Theater COTFG is also funded and supported in part by the City of Austin through the Cultural Arts Division. Recognition City of Austin Cultural Arts Division Cultural Contact (since 2008) Met Life Arts Austin Chronicle - "Best Of" References External links Website Festival Website Social Media Social Media Social Media Sources Article about New Media Art and Sound Summit in Austin Culture Map Austinist article 2012 Austinist article 2010 Austin Chronicle Article: Sounds of the City 2009 Austin Chronicle Article: Culture Club 2009 Austin Chronicle Best of 2009 Interview with Aaron Mace 2008 Austin Chronicle Article: Spectres 2008 Austin Chronicle Article: TCB August 2005 Austin Chronicle Article: TCB May 2005 Organizations based in Austin, Texas
The City (Spanish: La ciudad) is a 1998 American neo-realist film written and directed by David Riker, his first feature film, and shot in grainy black-and-white film stock. The drama features actor Joseph Rigano and, in neo-realist fashion, an ensemble cast of non-professional actors. The film is also known as: The City (La Ciudad). The drama consists of four vignettes that plunges you onto New York City's poorer neighborhoods where Latin American immigrants, many of whom barely speak English, live at the mercy of exploitative employers and inflexible institutions. Many of the characters are in the United States illegally to make money in order to send back home to their poor families. The picture won numerous awards including the Organisation Catholique Internationale du Cinéma et de l'Audiovisuel (OCIC Award) at the San Sebastián International Film Festival. Plot Among intermittent scenes of Latin Americans having their photo taken by a photographer, the four stories in the picture include: Bricks (Ladrillos): a group of Latino men wait on a street corner for someone to hire them. A contractor appears in a truck and selects 10 men and promises each $50 for a day of work. But after they are dropped off across the Hudson River in a dusty lot where a building has been demolished, the terms of employment are revised by the contractor. They are to clean up bricks and do it on a piecemeal basis (15 cents a brick). The men are not happy but mush on nevertheless. An accident happens and the men are unable to help the victim and appear helpless in their fate. Home (Casa): a young man named Francisco newly arrived in New York strays into a "sweet 15" party and meets a serious young woman named Maria who turns out to be from the same Mexican town. Because he has no place to stay, she takes him home to her uncle's house. The next morning when he goes to buy some groceries for breakfast, he can't find his way back. The Puppeteer (Titiritero): is a homeless street performer named Luis who is suffering from tuberculosis and lives with his daughter Dulce in an old station wagon. Hearing that every child in the city is guaranteed an education, the puppeteer, who has refused to stay in city shelters because of contagious diseases, attempts to enroll his daughter in school but is unable to prove he lives in New York City. Seamstress (Costurera): in the final and politically incendiary vignette, a woman named Ana works in a sweatshop where no one has been paid for several weeks. She receives a letter from home with the news that her daughter has fallen ill and needs $400 for an operation. She pleads with her bosses for her back pay but she's threatened with dismissal. Cast Professional actors Joseph Rigano as The Contractor Mateo Gómez as Man (Bricks story) José Rabelo as Luis, The Father (Puppeteer story) Teresa Yenque as Consuelo (Seamstress story) Taek Limb Hyoung as Sweatshop Manager (Seamstress story) Jawon Kim as Sweatshop Manager (Seamstress story) Non-professional actors Antonio Peralta as The Photographer Bricks Fernando Reyes as Jose Anthony Rivera as The Boy Miguel Maldonado as The Organizer Ricardo Cuevas as Man Moisés García as Man Marcos Martínez García as Man Cezar Monzón as Man Harsh Nayyar as Man Víctor Sierra as Man Carlos Torrentes as Man Home Cipriano García as Francisco, the Young Man Leticia Herrera as Maria, the Young Woman The Puppeteer Stephanie Viruet as Dulce, the Daughter Gene Ruffini as The City Worker Eileen Vega as The Health Worker Denia Brache as The Friend Marta de la Cruz as The School Registrar Seamstress Silvia Goiz as Ana, the Seamstress Rosa Caguana as Friend Guillermina De Jesus as Friend Betty Mendoza as Friend Ángeles Rubio as Friend Production David Riker spent five years researching the project (1992-1997), and worked with the non-professional actors in order to capture the "impoverished authenticity of life on the streets" of the Latino community in New York City. Distribution DVD A DVD of the film was released by New Yorker Video on June 7, 2005. The DVD includes the featurette: The Making of a Community Film. In a DVD review of the DVD, technology critic Gary W. Tooze, wrote, "New Yorker have drastically improved their DVD packages in the past few months with strong extra feature additions, but their image quality appears to have plateau'd. This is non-anamorphic and exhibits minor coming in spots (non-progressive) but much of the inferiority of the image is a function of the independent manner in which it was produced...The featurette addition is a super extra and helps further appreciation of this fine film. Even with the weak image we strongly recommend!" Reception Critical response The film critic for The New York Times, Stephen Holden, lauded then film when it was released, and wrote,"The City doesn't go out of its way to pull your heartstrings, but its understatement makes it all the more devastating. The anxious, careworn faces of downtrodden people who have no choice but to continue as best they can convey their plight more powerfully than any words. New Yorkers will recognize these faces. There are tens of thousands of them. They're only too glad to do our dirty work." Film critic Roger Ebert also liked the film and its message and wrote," [The City is] a direct, spare, touching film developed by Riker during six years of acting workshops with immigrants in New York City...Finally [the film] is making its way around the country, at venues like the Film Center at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. It is a film that would have great power for Spanish-speaking working people, who of course are unlikely to find it at the Film Center. Eventually on television, it may find a broader audience. It gives faces to the faceless and is not easily forgotten. Edward Guthmann, the San Francisco Chronicle staff critic, wrote of the film, "[The City] is Riker's first film and a lovely realization of his humanist dream. Honest and unvarnished, it succeeds in drawing us inside a world—the Latin American immigrant culture of New York—that we typically see only from its periphery." Yet, Guthman thought the film was uneven and he added, "Seamstress" is the strongest vignette in The City, and unfortunately the rest of the film doesn't match its impact. The first piece, "Bricks," is slow in starting, and the second, "Home," is emotionally flat and can't mask the amateurishness of the leads. The City has its awkward and rough edges, but there's a purity here, a goodness of intention and a commitment to justice. Awards Wins San Sebastián International Film Festival: OCIC Award (Organisation Catholique Internationale du Cinéma et de l'Audiovisuel), David Riker. This is an additional special award; 1998. Havana Film Festival: Coral, Best Work of a Non-Latin American Director on a Latin America Subject, David Riker; 1998. Gotham Awards: Open Palm Award, David Riker; 1999. Human Rights Watch International Film Festival: Nestor Almendros Award, David Riker; Tied with Regret to Inform; 1999. XSW Film Festival: SXSW Competition Award, Narrative Feature, David Riker; 1999. San Antonio CineFestival: Premio Mesquite Award, Best Feature Film, David Riker; 1999. Santa Barbara International Film Festival: Independent Voice Award, David Riker; Lumina Award, Harlan Bosmajian; 1999. Taos Talking Picture Festival: Taos Land Grant Award, David Riker; 1999. Nominated Independent Spirit Awards: Independent Spirit Award, Best Cinematography, Harlan Bosmajian; Best First Feature - Under $500,000, David Riker (director/producer) and Paul S. Mezey (producer); Producers Award, Paul S. Mezey; 2000. References External links The City site for ITVS on PBS The City at DVD Beaver (includes images) 1998 films 1990s political drama films American political drama films American black-and-white films Films set in New York City Films shot in New York City American independent films Films about Mexican Americans Social realism in film 1998 directorial debut films 1998 independent films 1998 drama films Spanish-language American films 1990s English-language films 1990s American films
Vereshchagin () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Vereshchagina. It was also a name of an old Russian Boyar family. Notable members Pavel Vereshchagin, a character from the 1970 Soviet movie White Sun of the Desert Nikolai Kuzmich Vereshchagin (1908–2008), Russian zoologist who specialized in the study of mammoths and other Arctic paleofauna, grandson of the war painter Vasily Vereshchagin Pyotr Vereshchagin (1834/36–1886), Russian landscape and cityscape painter Vasily Vereshchagin (1842–1904), Russian war painter The V. V. Vereshchagin Mykolaiv Art Museum Vasily Petrovich Vereshchagin (1835–1909), Russian portraitist, history painter and illustrator, brother of Pyotr Igor Vereshchagin (b. 1952), Russian music and street photographer. See also Vereshchagino References Russian-language surnames
Spondylurus is a genus of lizards in the family Scincidae. The genus Spondylurus, vernacularly known as the Antillean four-lined skinks, is a neotropical skink taxon including many species. Description Species in the genus Spondylurus are characterized by four (occasionally three to six) dark dorsolateral stripes. This characteristic is known to fade in older individuals, and colors when preserved shift from tans and browns to greens and blues, often causing confusion as to the true color in life. Conservation status Many of the species of Spondylurus are extinct or endangered, resulting from invasive predators such as the mongoose. Geographic range The genus Spondylurus is distributed throughout the West Indies including the Caicos Islands, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles. Species list These 17 species are recognized, of which 7 are considered "possibly extinct": Spondylurus anegadae – Anegada skink (possibly extinct) Spondylurus caicosae – Caicos Islands skink Spondylurus culebrae – Culebra skink Spondylurus fulgidus – Jamaican skink Spondylurus haitiae – Hispaniolan four-lined skink (possibly extinct) Spondylurus lineolatus – Hispaniolan ten-lined skink (possibly extinct) Spondylurus macleani – Carrot Rock skink Spondylurus magnacruzae – greater Saint Croix skink (possibly extinct) Spondylurus martinae – Saint Martin skink (possibly extinct) Spondylurus monae – Mona skink Spondylurus monitae – Monito skink (possibly extinct) Spondylurus nitidus – Puerto Rican skink Spondylurus powelli – Anguilla Bank skink Spondylurus semitaeniatus – Lesser Virgin Islands skink Spondylurus sloanii – Virgin Islands bronze skink Spondylurus spilonotus – Greater Virgin Islands skink (possibly extinct) Spondylurus turksae – Turks Islands skink Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Spondylurus. References Further reading Fitzinger LI (1826). Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren natürlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts-tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. zoologischen Museum's zu Wien. Vienna: J.G. Heubner. five unnumbered + 67 pp. + one plate. (Spondylurus, new genus, p. 23). (in German). Lizard genera Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger
Vinalabeo tonkinensis is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae native to the Red River basin in China and Vietnam. This species is the only member of its genus. References Cyprinid fish of Asia Fish described in 1934 Labeoninae
Karlanyurt (; , Qarlan-yurt; , Ġan-Yurt) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Karlanyurtovsky Selsoviet, Khasavyurtovsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. There are 18 streets. Geography Karlanyurt is located 11 km southeast of Khasavyurt (the district's administrative centre) by road. Petrakovskoye is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Khasavyurtovsky District
Christ Church — known also as Christ Church, Washington Parish or Christ Church on Capitol Hill — is a historic Episcopal church located at 620 G Street SE in Washington, D.C., USA. The church is also called Christ Church, Navy Yard, because of its proximity to the Washington Navy Yard and the nearby U.S. Marine Barracks. Christ Church was established in 1795, one of two congregations envisioned for Washington Parish, created by an act of the Maryland General Assembly in 1794. Initially, worship services were held in a converted tobacco barn. The present structure was built in 1807, the first Episcopal church in the original city of Washington, on land given by William Prout. Through changes to its exterior and interior over the years, the building has been the site of a continuously worshiping community ever since. The church was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. The Rev. John A. Kellogg is the current rector. History Founding of the Parish, 1794 When the District of Columbia was created, there was no Episcopal Church in the city of Washington or Georgetown, although there had been an Episcopal presence. The Church of England had bought land for building an Anglican church in Georgetown in 1769. The Revolutionary War and time needed to establish the new Episcopal Church delayed building, but Anglican services were sometimes held at the Georgetown Presbyterian Church on Bridge St. (now M St.). Services connected to St. John's Broad Creek were held in a renovated tobacco barn on Capitol Hill, possibly as early as the 1780s. Nevertheless, existing Episcopal churches were miles from where population growth was expected, and the Rt. Rev. Thomas Claggett, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland and first Episcopal bishop consecrated in the United States, was determined that there should be an Episcopal church in the nation's capital. In 1793, he appointed prominent local businessmen and landed gentry to explore using a lottery to finance building a church there. After that group, including Samuel Blodgett, Uriah Forrest, Benjamin Stoddert, William Deakins, and Anthony Addison, failed to make progress, the bishop pressed on to the Maryland legislature. The Maryland Vestry Act of 1794, drawing boundaries for a new parish in the Diocese of Maryland, made up of Washington and Georgetown, was signed into law on December 26, 1794. Early Years, 1795-1844 The first meeting establishing Christ Church was held on May 25, 1795. Although Bishop Claggett had voiced his desire to be rector the newly elected vestry called the Rev. George Ralph, who had recently moved from Maryland to start a school in Washington. Many clergy--often the best educated men in the community--ran schools to supplement incomes that otherwise came soley from pew fees. The first vestry, prominent local land owners, speculators, businessmen, and local politicians William Deakins, Jr., John Templeman, Charles Worthington, James Simmons, Joseph Clarke, Thomas Johnson, Jr., and Gustavus Scott, appointed Henry Edwards as registrar, and elected Clotworthy Stevenson and William Prentiss as wardens for one year. In the following year, Thomas Law, General Davidson, and John Crocker were appointed to take the places of Johnson, Clarke, and Simmons, who had left the parish. Few parish records of this first decade survive, but other sources document that worship services were held in the converted tobacco barn and in the hallway of the War Office on Sunday afternoons. When Ralph left after two years to return to Maryland, his assistant, the Rev. Andrew McCormick was left in charge. In 1807, Ralph, still nominally the rector, returned to the city and called a parish meeting. Although in the interim the parish may have been, like the city, as much vision as reality, the meeting resulted in the election of a new vestry: Commodore Thomas Tingey, John Dempsie, Bullveer Cocke, Andrew Way, Thomas H. Gillis, Thomas Washington, Peter Miller, Robert Alexander, and Henry Ingle. Ralph resigned, and the new vestry elected McCormick as rector. It is in 1806, shortly before Ralph's return that vestry minutes begin anew and continue to the present time. During McCormick's tenure the new church was built on land donated by William Prout, a land owner, developer, businessman, and civic leader in the new city. The church was completed in 1807 and dedicated in 1809 by Bishop Claggett. In 1812, the vestry of Christ Church took ownership of a cemetery that had been established in 1807 by men who were also members of Christ Church: George Blagden, Griffith Coombe, John T. Frost, Henry Ingle, Dr. Frederick May, Peter Miller, Samuel Smallwood, and Commodore Tingey. This Washington Parish Burial Ground quickly became known as Congressional Cemetery. During the War of 1812, the community around the church survived the burning of the Washington Navy Yard, just blocks away. The fire was started by Mordecai Booth, another Christ Church vestryman, under orders of Tingey, Commander of the Navy Yard, to prevent the British from capturing a valuable foothold in the nation's capital. Archibald Henderson, longest serving Commandant of the Marine Corps, also played a prominent role in the life of the church and served on its vestry. As the communities around the Capitol and the Navy Yard grew, so did Christ Church, expanding its physical structure in the first of many renovations in 1824. Likewise, the city of Washington was growing. The boundaries of Washington Parish, which had encompassed the original City of Washington and Georgetown, began to contract as new churches formed and parish boundaries were set for them: St. John's Georgetown in 1809, St. John's Lafayette Square in 1816, Trinity Church in 1827 (demolished 1936), Epiphany in 1844, and Ascension in 1845. The Civil War Era, 1844-1870 The Episcopal Church as a whole and the Diocese of Maryland were not particularly progressive on the issue of slavery. A number of early Christ Church leaders were enslavers. While both free and enslaved African Americans appear to have been baptized, confirmed, and married at and communicants of Christ Church from at least 1805, their numbers were few and seating was segregated, with one of the balconies reserved for enslaved persons. Christ Church allowed African Americans to be buried in its cemetery but not in the original enclosed portion of the burial ground. Before the war, Christ Church called an anti-slavery rector in the Rev. Julius Morsell and after the war, a southern sympathizer in the Rev. Charles Hansford Shield. In 1858 Christ Church hired Theophilus Howard, an African American, as sexton. During the war Union forces used its tower to observe the area across the Potomac.In 1865 it counted among its members David Herold, one of the Lincoln assassination co-conspirators. A member of the parish, Dr. Samuel McKim, spoke in Herold's defense at his trial, and the rector of the parish, the Rev. Marcus Olds, was at the scaffold with Herold, as were other clergy with the other co-conspirators. Except for expressed relief that the church building was not commandeered for the war efforts and an authorization to drape the bell tower in black after Lincoln's assassination, there is little mention of the issue of slavery or the effects of war in the vestry proceedings of the time. The Gilded Age, 1870-1900 If hard use during the war battered Capitol Hill's roads and existing buildings, it also brought new residences, schools and military and civic buildings, and the local population grew after the 1883 Pendelton Civil Service Reform Act gave federal workers greater job security and regular wages. Christ Church mirrored this pattern, growing from 147 communicants in 1870 to 532 in 1895. The best known Christ Church member is John Philip Sousa, the famous March King and head of the Marine Corps Band from 1880-1892. He was born at 636 G St., SE, just three doors east of Christ Church and had a lifelong association with the parish. Sousa referred to Christ Church in a novel he wrote set in the Pipetown neighborhood east of the Marine Barracks. Christ Church was stable enough to establish a parochial chapel, St. Matthew's, at Half and M Streets, SE, in 1892. St. Matthew's added a parish hall in 1914. During this time Christ Church was known for its music program. A Hook & Hastings organ was installed in 1880, and there were a boys' choir and sponsored musical events. The church celebrated its centennial on May 25, 1895. That year saw the establishment of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington, which split the District of Columbia and nearby Maryland counties from the Diocese of Maryland. The end of the 19th century gave the church the dubious distinction that former rector the Rev. Gilbert Fearing Williams was the first clergyman in the newly formed Diocese of Washington to be tried for misconduct. Having been found guilty, Williams was deposed by Bishop Satterlee in 1898, but was reinstated in 1914 by Bishop Harding when new evidence came to light. World Wars, 1900-1946 The neighborhood was relatively stable during the first half of the 20th century, even during the Depression, in part on the strength of federal government employment, particularly in the Navy Yard. Parish leadership similarly saw stability, with the Rev. Arthur Shaaf Johns beginning his 20-year service as rector in 1897. Johns, son of the Rt. Rev. John Johns, Bishop of Virginia, was also a Confederate veteran. In 1903, Christ Church built a chapel at Congressional Cemetery. During World War I, while the Rev. David Covell was rector, the church hosted dinners for armed service members. In the 1920s, the church had the resources to undertake a major interior redesign, changing the look from heavy Victorian ornamentation to imitation stone, more in keeping with the neo-Gothic appearance of the exterior. The longest-serving rector after Johns was the Rev. Edward Gabler, whose tenure reached 18 years. In 1930 parish by-laws were changed so that women members of the congregation could vote in parish elections. Gabler assisted at the funeral of John Philip Sousa in 1932. In 1938 the church purchased a Hammond electric organ with a full accompaniment of chimes that Gabler loved to play. When Gabler left, the congregation had remained relatively stable in size for 50 years, but the neighborhood was starting to show signs of stress and disrepair. Decline and Revitalization, 1947-1983 In the 1950s, during the terms of the Revs. John H. Stipe and Ivan E. Merrick, Jr., the alley dwellings behind the church were cleared, replaced by a parking lot and playground, and the church building underwent a major renovation. Historic preservation efforts also began to shape the Capitol Hill neighborhood around the church. In the wake of the 1954 Supreme Court decision desegregating D.C. public schools (Bolling v. Sharpe), racial demographic shifts across the city accelerated, and the Rev. Donald A. Seaton, called as rector in 1965, advocated efforts to attract young people and foster racial integration. However, the pace and nature of his changes provoked some members of the congregation, and Seaton resigned by 1968. Despite the parish's diminished membership and resources, efforts to connect with the Capitol Hill community, begun by Seaton and continued by the rectors who followed, resulted in Christ Church's support for the founding of a day school, a social services agency, and a community arts organization. The parish day school begun in the early 1960s, joined with the Lutheran Church of the Reformation to eventually become the Capitol Hill Day School. It was led by Bessie Wood Cramer, the parish's first female vestry member, who had been responsible for managing D.C. public school desegregation in the 1950s. Christ Church participated in the establishment of Capitol Hill Group Ministry, a coalition of Capitol Hill churches responding to the racial tensions and social needs of an increasingly diverse Capitol Hill population. Capitol Hill Group MInistry incorporated as a 504(c)(3) nonprofit provider of social services in 1967, and today is known as Everyone Home DC, a community provider of services to prevent and ameliorate homelessness. Capitol Hill Arts Workshop began a long relationship with Christ Church in 1972, holding many classes and staging shows in the parish hall until it secured dedicated space at 7th and G Streets, SE, in the early 1980s. On May 25, 1969, the Rev. David Dunning presided over the church's 175th anniversary celebration. The U.S. Marine Band presented a concert on the lawn, G Street was closed to traffic, and an Interior Department official added Christ Church to the National Register of Historic Places. Picketers stood just outside the church fence, protesting the presence of General William Westmoreland, a commander of American forces in Vietnam, who had been invited along with other dignitaries. After the Episcopal Church approved the ordination of women to the priesthood in 1976, the Rev. Carole A. Crumley, ordained at Washington National Cathedral in January 1977, was called as the parish's first female priest, serving as assistant rector and as interim rector during 1977-1979. 1985-Present In the mid-1980s, the parish was active in the AIDS crisis, hosting educational sessions for the parish and the community and raising funds. The church helped establish the Diocesan program, Episcopal Caring Response to AIDS (ECRA), and with other Diocesan churches, it sponsored a group home for individuals with AIDS, staffed by the Whitman-Walker clinic. Christ Church celebrated its bicentennial in 1994 with the Rev. Robert Tate as rector. The Rev. Judith Davis, the church's first female rector, followed Tate in 1996. While the Rev. Cara Spaccarelli was rector (2009-2018), solar panels were installed on the parish hall roof, the parish hall was renovated, and a new organ was installed, Opus 3914 of Casavant Frères. Built expressly for the worship space, the organ replaced an instrument in place since 1972, which was a composite based on a 1901 Hook & Hastings organ purchased from St. Cyprian's Roman Catholic Church. Spaccarelli was a Capitol Hill Community Achievement Award honoree in 2018. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the church called the Rev. John Kellogg as its 29th rector. Architecture Construction April 7, 1806 The vestry named Robert Alexander ("a builder architect in the 18th century tradition") to prepare a plan and estimate for building Christ Church. May 5, 1806 The vestry appointed a committee of Comm. Tingey, John Dempsie, and Peter Miller to "seek a lot from William Prout...one of the few proprietors to remain solvent throughout the development of early Washington." "George Blagden, the Capitol's stonemason, and Griffith Coombe, Capitol Hill's most successful building contractor, examined several drawings and estimates before settling on the design submitted by Alexander; it was approved by the vestry on June 16." In August, Alexander resigned from the vestry and was replaced by William Cranch. Griffith Coombe was appointed to fill Alexander's position on the committee to get estimates for the building of the church. August 3, 1806 Masons of the Washington Naval Lodge No. 41 laid the cornerstone of the Sanctuary. June 15, 1807 The vestry resolved to "proceed with all possible dispatch, to finish the new Church, Viz, to have the pews on the ground floor Completed, the Pulpit Erected together with the stair cases, & such seats in the front Gallery as may be adequte to accommodate the Clerk & other Gentlemen, or Music [sic] who may attend the Choir, the side Galery [sic] floors to be laid with a pannelling [sic] in front thereof, the plaistering finish'd [sic] and the Joiners work handsomely plainly painted...." It was at least another month before the plaster of the interior cove ceiling was finished by Capitol plasterer William Thackara. August 9, 1807 The exterior of the church was finished. October 8, 1809 The church was consecrated by the Rt. Rev. Thomas John Claggett, Bishop of Maryland, when, as was the custom, the construction debt had been paid off. Claggett later wrote of the event that he found the church "not large, but sufficiently elegant." Setting, Size, Design, Layout, Materials, & Features The church was centered on two plots of land (Lots 6 & 7, Square 877) on G Street, SE, given by William Prout. The building was set back approximately 100 feet from and about 4 feet above G Street, which had been cut west to east across the gently sloping hill. Steps led up from the unpaved roadway to a walkway (probably brick) centered on the building. The design has been incorrectly attributed to Benjamin Latrobe, architect of the Capitol and innumerable other buildings in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington. Records point to Robert Alexander, a protégé of Latrobe, as the original designer of the church. Correspondence by Latrobe's son incorrectly attributes Christ Church Capitol Hill to Latrobe, which may be the genesis of the misattribution. According to the vestry's request for proposals published in The National Intelligencer (May 28, 30, June 4-13, 1806), the church was constructed of brick. Dimensions The original church was 38 feet wide by 45 feet long. Entrances There were two exterior doors on the front of the building, now replaced by interior swinging doors from the narthex into the sanctuary. Galleries/Balconies Immediately through each door were stairs along the inside of the front wall leading to galleries (or balconies). Vestry records and other references indicate the west gallery was for Marines, the east gallery for enslaved persons, and the south or central portion of the gallery was for the organ, choir, and instrumentalists. Pews As was customary at the time, some pews were box-style with doors on them to reduce drafts. The others were high-backed, also probably to block drafts. The pews were divided by two aisles aligned with the exterior doors, with the greatest number of pews in the center. The original church had 42 pews with three reserved for the President, William Prout (land donor), and the Rector. The pews were numbered, and pew rents were charged. The church was quite simple. It had a coved ceiling (as today) and clear glass windows. Stained glass was not manufactured in America until the 1830s. There is no record of where the pulpit might have been or of its style, other than the vestry journal entry of June 15, 1807, which suggests the pulpit might have been constructed of wood. Subsequent Additions and Modifications 1824 The church was extended 18 feet to the north, expanding the number of pews to 58. This also provided two additional windows on each side of the nave and a room for the rector on the center south wall. 1849 A four-story tower, including the narthex with buttresses and a center door, was added. The narthex measured 40' side and 11'6" deep. The gallery steps were moved to the narthex, allowing stoves on each side of the nave where the steps had been. Battlements, folded sheet-iron finials, and wooden tracery in arched windows were added to give an English neo-Gothic appearance. A bell, still in use, was installed in 1850. 1868 Pebble-dash stucco was applied to the front of the church. 1874 A separate building was added as a chapel for religious education of children. Around 1898, vestry journals begin to refer to it as "the chapel and parish hall." About 32 feet wide and 56 feet long, it was set back and, as was the custom of the time, not connected to the church. 1877 Cast-iron columns were added to keep the roof joists from caving in. The roof was replaced, and the east and west galleries were removed. A shallow recessed chancel may have been added. The stenciled windows may have been installed at this time. The vestry journals show a rather large sum ($465) was paid for glass in the 1877 renovations for windows purchased primarily from memorial funds. 1885 The parish hall was extended an additional 16 feet to the north. 1891-1892 The fifth story (about 16') of the bell tower was added. Round windows that can be seen only from the outside were added on three of the four sides of the new tower. Also added was an entry vestibule, creating the current arched central entrance. Floors and Cellar The 1969 nomination by the National Capitol Planning Commission Landmarks Historian for Christ Church to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places noted that during the 1891 renovation the original joists and floor of the sanctuary were removed, a cellar was dug, and new joists and floors were erected on sustaining walls independent of the outside walls. Chancel The renovations included an addition of a chancel covered by a half dome and entered through a high, wide, pointed arch that fought for attention against the elliptical cove. Decor The interior was frescoed with ornate grape vines and fruit and elaborately decorated in the Victorian manner. "The colors were those expected of the period: soft, sombre browns and tans and violets." 1900 Pebble-dash stucco was added to the east and west sides of the church to give the building a uniform appearance. 1903 Engraved brass railings were added across the width of the chancel in front of the neo-Gothic carved wood altar, as were a matching lectern for the pulpit and brass railings for the altar rails, given as memorials by parishioners. Brass rails were also added on each side of the steps up to the chancel. 1921 Architect Delos H. Smith replaced the grape vine and fruit frescoes with imitation stone to "match" the Gothic aspects of the front of the chancel and deepened the chancel to its present 23'11" by 19' to make room for the organ and choir. The 1880 Hook & Hastings organ was moved to the south gallery located along the original south wall to the east side of the chancel. The south gallery was removed, and electric lights were added. Two stained glass windows were added to the side walls of the chancel, one dedicated to the World War I soldiers of the parish and one to the memory of the Rev. Charles D. Andrews. Claims that the windows were made by the Tiffany Studio in New York cannot be verified. 1925 The parish hall was remodeled, with kitchen and nursery areas added on the northwest end, creating a courtyard between the rectory and the parish hall. A basement was added underneath the new addition. 1926 The stained glass "Crucifixion" window was installed on the back wall of the chancel, a memorial to the mothers of the church. 1953-1954 Architect Horace W. Peaslee directed a major alteration attempting to reconcile the various changes over the years with the original interior design. The Gothic arch leading into the chancel was removed, and the gable roof of the chancel was raised to enable the cove ceiling to be extended the full length of the sanctuary. Two wood copies of the iron columns were installed on each side of the chancel behind the liturgical chairs. 1955 The contemporary stained-glass windows in the narthex and second-floor balcony over the narthex, a gift from the estate of Edward Valentine and Mary Elizabeth Howe Conner, were designed and executed by local Washington artists Rowan and Irene LeCompte, who designed 45 windows and six mosaic murals at Washington National Cathedral. 1966 A two-story addition to the south end of the parish hall was built, providing office and meeting space and connecting the parish hall to the sanctuary with an entryway. The Sousa stained-glass window in what is now a library/meeting room and the other stained glass on the first and second floors of the addition were added at that time. Mid-1970s The choir pews were removed from the front of the chancel, and the choir was relocated onto the floor at the south end of the nave by the organ. A table altar was placed in the center of the chancel. 1996 Following extensive study of the changes in liturgical practice embodied in the 1979 Book of Common Prayer, the brass rail at the rear of the chancel was removed. Part of it was reinstalled to the left of the front of the chancel and kneelers placed there. Another part was placed to the right of the pulpit as a rail for congregants walking into the sanctuary down the ramp from the entryway coming from the parish hall. The historic, oversized brass eagle lectern was removed, leaving a single source of address, the pulpit. The paint was removed from the top and arm moldings of the pews, which were treated with a cherry stain, and the bases and backs of the pews were painted white. Pew cushions to match the new carpet runners and chancel carpeting were installed. 2015 Replication and replacement of the historic four finials on the top of the church steeple and four lower finials by Wagner Roofing. The new finials are lead coated copper as were the finials that were replaced 2016 A half-million dollar renovation of the parish hall included replacement of the heating and air-conditioning systems, replacement of the windows, removal of the stage, construction of multi-level meeting spaces, exposure of the two north-end circular windows, bath renovations, new carpeting, glass panels on the south-end stairs and second floor balcony, and the addition of storage space for tables and chairs. Design was provided by demian/Wilbur/associates. 2017 New organ installed, a two-manual, 17-rank instrument with a movable console built by Casavant Frères Ltée, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec (Opus 3914). 2020 Exterior protective coverings of the stained-glass windows were installed by Willet Hauser Architectural Glass under a grant from the DC Preservation League and a bequest from a long time parishioner, Robert Conly. The many changes of the past 225 years in the church building and parish hall have reflected growth in membership as well as changes in liturgical practice and liturgical taste of the Episcopal Church and the parish. Unlike many historic churches which have either maintained their original features or have had them restored, Christ Church is a blend of the architectural styles and tastes in vogue over its lifetime. Rectors The 29 rectors of Christ Church Washington Parish, their tenures and theological education are listed below. In the early years of the Episcopal Church, individuals seeking ordination did not always go to theological schools but often studied under the direction of a Bishop or other clergy. In those cases, the ordaining bishop is listed. This list does not include interim and associate rectors who have served the parish on a temporary basis or under the direction of the called rector. Notes References Bibliography Carter, Charles Carroll, William C. diGiacomantonio, and Pamela Scott. (2018) Creating Capitol Hill: Place, Proprietors, and People. United States: United States Capitol Historical Society. Ennis, Robert Brooks. (1969) "Christ Church, Washington Parish." Records of the Columbia Historical Society 69/70: 126-177. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40067709 Johnson, Abby A. and Ronald M. Johnson. (2012) In the Shadow of the United States Capitol: Congressional Cemetery and the Memory of the Nation. Washington, DC: New Academia Pub. Robertson, Nan. (2015) Christ Church, Washington Parish. https://washingtonparish.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Christ-Church-History-2015-Final2.pdf External links Christ Church + Washington Parish Historic Congressional Cemetery Churches completed in 1807 19th-century Episcopal church buildings Benjamin Henry Latrobe church buildings Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C. Episcopal churches in Washington, D.C. Gothic Revival church buildings in Washington, D.C. Religious organizations established in 1794 Capitol Hill 1794 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Banksia leptophylla var. leptophylla is a variety of Banksia leptophylla. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as containing the type specimen of the species. References leptophylla var. leptophylla Eudicots of Western Australia
The Sui people (; autonym: ai33 sui33), also spelled as Shui people, are an ethnic group living mostly in Guizhou Province, China. They are counted as one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. History The Sui are descended from the ancient Baiyue peoples, who had inhabited southern China before the Han dynasty (Wei 2003:viii). The name "Sui," which means "water" in Chinese, was adopted during the Ming Dynasty. Demographics Today, 93% of all Sui people (322,000 individuals) reside in Guizhou, China, with 63% of them living in Sandu Shui Autonomous County. To the south, 10,000 Sui live around Yingdong village in Rongshui County, Guangxi (Edmondson 2008). Small pockets of Sui people also live in Fuyang and Yiliang Counties, Yunnan. Additionally, there are 120 Sui living in Hồng Quang District, Tuyên Quang Province, northern Vietnam who are the descendants of Sui people who had left Sandu County 8 generations ago (Wei 2003:vii). Language The Sui speak a Kra–Dai language, part of the Kam–Sui languages. Society The Sui are organized around family clans. Villages usually have a few hundred inhabitants, most of whom have the same family name (Wei 2003:ix). Traditional Sui houses are usually made of fir or pine, although today the houses are increasingly made with bricks. There are three main types of traditional Sui housing (Wei 2003:ix): ɣaan2 faaŋ1 (Chinese: ganlan mulou) - The ganlan stilted house, which has two or three stories. The second floor is used for the living quarters whereas the first floor is used primarily as a stable and storage area. ɣaan2 hum5 - The ground house, which has one story. The split level house - a "hanging foot" building called diaojiaolou in Chinese. These houses are built on hillsides, with longer pillars supporting the downhill-facing side of the house, and are called "hanging house" (diaojiao) since the pillars supporting the house are sometimes located outside the walls. If a woman is widowed, she covers her hair with a fabric of white color for three years. The Sui possess a lunar calendar that is initiated in the ninth lunar month. Their funeral services are elaborate and long ceremonies where animal sacrifices are carried out in honor of the dead. Except for fish, Sui villagers usually refrain from eating meat after the death of a person (Wei 2003:xvi). Cuisine The staple food of the Sui people is glutinous rice. Supplementary grains and tubers include corn, wheat, barley, millet, and sweet potatoes. Rice is either steamed in a bamboo steamer or cooked in a covered pot over a low fire. Popular rice-based dishes include ʔjut7 (Chinese: zongzi) and cooked glutinous rice with chrysanthemum and puffed rice (Wei 2003:xiv). Sui women also give glutinous rice to relatives when visiting them. Fish is one of the most important sources of food. Like the Dong people, many Sui raise carp in village fishponds (Wei 2003:xiv). A popular dish consumed during the summer is a kind of sour broth called lu5 hum3. Sui families also regularly hold communal hot pots. Kippered fish (hum3 mom6), kippered meat (hum3 naan4), and the meat of suckling pigs are also popular. Rice spirits are popular among the Sui, and are also consumed during marriages, funerals, festivals, and building raising events. The Sui are also famed for their jiuqian wine. Festivals Festivals include (Wei 2003:xix): tsjə1 twə3 (Duan festival) - This harvest festival is similar to the Chinese New Year. It is held from around September (start of the Sui New Year) to November (second month of the Sui calendar). Livestock meat is not eaten during the Sui New Year's Eve (hət7). On New Year's Day (ʁaai3), antiphonal choirs, horse racing, and other festivities are held. Since Sui in different areas celebrate Duan at different times, this festival actually lasts for more than two months when festivities from various locations are combined. A total of five different Duan's are celebrated in the following locations (Wei 2003:xx). Wangsi in Duyun (Pandong) City Malian, Layou, Miaocao, Shuidong in Sandu County Tingpai, Hengfeng, Heyong, Tianxing in Sandu, Libo, Dushan Counties Zhonghe, Dixiang, Jiuqian in Sandu County Sandong, Shuinian, Xingxiang in Sandu County. tsjə1 mau4 (Mao festival) - This four-day festival is celebrated by those who do not celebrate the Duan festival. It occurs after the transplanting of rice seedlings on the tenth month of the Sui calendar. Mao Day is celebrated in the Libo County villages of Shuili, Yaoqing, Shuirao, Shuipu, and Yongkang. Antiphonal-style choirs sing traditional Sui love songs during this festival. However, by tradition married women are not allowed to perform in the choirs. tsjə1 tseŋ1 (spring festival) - This festival is especially elaborate in the Sandu County locales of Bannan, Shuimei, Yanggong, Zhouqin, and Yang'an. These villages, however, do not celebrate either the Duan or Mao festivals. su3 njen2 hi5 (small Sui new year's festival) tsjə1 ʔau4 hmai5 ("eat new rice" festival) Liuyueliu ("six month six day," or June 6, festival) si3 ming2 (Qingming) festival Duanwu sup8 hi5 The bronze drum is often played during festivals, and singing, dancing, slaughtering livestock for food, and giving thanks to family ancestors are typical of these festivals (Wei 2003:xxii). Religion The Sui are mainly polytheists and practice ancestor worship as well. Shamans were traditionally hired to carry out prayers and sacrifices in the houses of those that were sick or close to death. The Sui religion has more than 900 ghosts and gods that can cause both good fortune or misfortune (Wei 2003:xxii). Some deities and legendary figures are also borrowed from Chinese folk religion. The Sui people have a wide array of taboos and superstitions, such as (Wei 2003:xxiv-xxv): During the first thunderclap of the start of the spring season, the ground cannot be plowed for three days. Breaking this taboo would anger the thunder god, resulting in abnormal rain patterns. Oaths should not be said when seeds are being sown lest there is crop damage. The lusheng should not be played after the seeds are sowed during the beginning of spring, or else the seeds might be blown away later. On the first morning of the Duan festival as well as the preceding evening, meats of land animals cannot be eaten. Violating this taboo is seen as disrespect towards ancestors and will result in fewer descendants. Dogs should not be killed during festival days. On the first day of the Spring Festival, houses should not be cleaned, food should not be cooked, and hair may not be cut. Instead, New Year's Eve leftovers are eaten. During a wedding procession, bad luck may result for a couple if the procession chances upon a coffin (couple may die soon), bird crossing the road (couple may be ill soon), thunder (a sorcerer must be invited to drive out ghosts), or a pregnant woman (the bride will be infertile). Remarried widows cannot return to their former husbands' villages, and cannot visit their parents' homes for an entire year, or else her parents' village will not prosper. Pregnant women cannot bear children in their parents' villages, or else her parents' family and livestock will be harmed. After just having a child, if a woman visits another person's village or house, that person will fall ill. Members of a clan cannot eat meats of land animals after one of their elders has died. The deceased elder's clothing and personal items cannot fall to the ground, and he must have an odd number of belongings. People born on the same day as a recently deceased person should not visit him, or else the dead may take their souls into the grave. Names should not be called out when people are being buried, or the dead may take their soul. After the death of a male, sows or cows cannot be killed. After the death of a female, horses or bulls cannot be killed. Pregnant women and babies should not be buried in areas which receive much sunshine. Solar and lunar eclipses, as well as calls of birds, are not liked by the Sui people. Population Provincial level Distribution by province By county County-level distribution of the Sui (Only includes counties or county-equivalents containing >0.5% of China's Sui population.) Literature Sui oral literature is rich in myths, songs, and folk tales. The list below is from Wei (2003:xxvi). Ancient myths and songs The creation of heaven and earth The origin of humanity The song of creating humans - involving a fight among humans, dragons and tigers The origin of new life - A brother and sister plant a pumpkin from which new life sprouts. Legends about individuals The song of Pan Xinjian, a rich magnate The story of Jingui A man named Niu A poor teacher A stone horse who shot out the sun Legends about customs Origin of the Duan festival - A brother marries his younger sister, giving rise to the Duan festival. Origin of the Mao festival The planting of the fir upside down Legends about scenery Legends on the origins of the Duliujiang River The legend of dinosaurs and the Yueliang (Moon) Mountain Folk tales The origin of bronze drums The grape girl Why the tiger hates the buffalo and tiger The eye and the foot Life-related songs The song of creating cotton The song of creating grain The song of making wine The song of planting trees The song of suffering Custom-related songs The song of the Duan festival The song of mourning Love songs The girl lovely as brocade It is hard to miss you Sister will go with the brother together Sayings and singing The crane and the crow The sparrow and the thrush Excerpts of Sui songs can also be found in Fang-Kuei Li's 1977 book Shuihua yanjiu (Research on the Sui language). See also Dong people Sui language Kam–Sui languages References Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo eds. 2008. The Tai–Kadai Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press. Edmondson, Jerold A., and David B. Solnit (eds). 1988. Comparative Kadai: Linguistic Studies Beyond Tai. Dallas, TX: SIL. Edmondson, Jerold A., Esling, John H., Harris, Jimmy G., & Wei, James. 2004. A phonetic study of Sui consonants and tones. Mon–Khmer Studies 34:47-66. Stanford, James N. 2009. "Eating the food of our place": Sociolinguistic loyalties in multidialectal Sui villages. Language in Society 38(3):287-309. Stanford, James N. 2008. A sociotonetic analysis of Sui dialect contact. Language Variation and Change 20(3):409-50. Stanford, James N. 2008. Child dialect acquisition: New perspectives on parent/peer influence. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12(5):567-96. Stanford, James N. 2007. Sui Adjective Reduplication as Poetic Morpho-phonology. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 16(2):87-111. Wei Xuecun and Jerold A. Edmondson. 2003. Sui (Shui)-Chinese-Thai-English Dictionary. Salaya, Thailand: Mahidol University. Zhang, Junru. 1980. Shuiyu Jianzhi [A Sketch of the Sui Language]. Beijing: Minzu yinsha chang External links Ethnic groups officially recognized by China Ethnic groups in Vietnam
Pásztor is a surname of Hungarian origin. People with that name include: Ákos Pásztor (born 1991), Hungarian handballer Andy Pasztor (active from 1995), American journalist Austin Pasztor (born 1990), American football offensive tackle Béla Pásztor (born 1938), Hungarian politician Bence Pásztor (born 1995), Hungarian hammer thrower Bettina Pásztor (born 1992), Hungarian handball goalkeeper Gábor Pásztor (born 1982), Hungarian sprinter István Pásztor (disambiguation), multiple people János Pásztor (1881-1945), Hungarian sculptor János Pásztor (diplomat) (born 1955), Hungarian diplomat Szabolcs Pásztor (born 1959), Hungarian fencer who competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics See also Pásztori, a village in Győr-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary Surnames of Hungarian origin Occupational surnames
Michael V. Saxl is American lawyer and former politician from Maine. Saxl, who lived in Portland's West End, was a member of the Maine House of Representatives from the 117th – 120th legislatures (1995–2002). He was Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives from 2001–02. He is a Democrat. Saxl, a native of Bangor, was elected in a special election in February 1995 to replace Jim Oliver, who resigned to join the Peace Corps. He won 61% of the vote, beating both a Republican and a Green Independent. He was a second year law student at the time of election and son of fellow State Representative Jane Saxl of Bangor. Saxl was elected Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives at the age of 33, the youngest Speaker since John L. Martin was elected at 32. After leaving the Maine House of Representatives, Saxl became a lobbyist, including Winter Harbor Properties, a real estate firm. Positions Saxl opposed term limits for elected officials in Maine. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Speakers of the Maine House of Representatives Democratic Party members of the Maine House of Representatives Majority leaders of the Maine House of Representatives Politicians from Portland, Maine Maine lawyers Politicians from Bangor, Maine University of Maine School of Law alumni
West Croydon may refer to: West Croydon, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide West Croydon railway station, Adelaide, South Australia West Croydon station, Croydon, England See also West Croydon to Wimbledon Line, a former railway line in south London, England
Yunnanilus caohaiensis is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Yunnanilus. Its type locality is Caohai Lake, Weining County in Guizhou, China. References C Taxa named by Ding Rui-Hua Fish described in 1992
Matangi is an islet of the Fakaofo island group of Tokelau. References Map of Fakaofo Atoll Islands of Tokelau Pacific islands claimed under the Guano Islands Act Fakaofo
Juan Francisco Corrales Rodríguez (born June 16, 1955), better known as Frank Corral, is a Mexican-American former professional football player who was a placekicker and punter in the National Football League (NFL) and United States Football League (USFL). He attended Norte Vista High School in Riverside, California, and played college football for the UCLA Bruins. In the NFL, he was a part of the Los Angeles Rams' Super Bowl XIV team. He later played in the USFL with the Chicago Blitz, the Arizona Wranglers and the Houston Gamblers. Early life Corral was born on June 16, 1955, in Delicias, Chihuahua. His father, Alfonso Corrales Ruiz, hailed from Ciudad Jiménez while his mother, Soledad Rodríguez Natividad, was from Camargo. The family moved to Ciudad Juárez before immigrating to the United States, where they lived in Colorado before settling in California. Corral was a six-sport athlete at Norte Vista High School in Riverside, California, playing football along with baseball, basketball, tennis, soccer, and track and field. He earned a football scholarship to UCLA. Career Drafted in the third round of the 1978 NFL draft, Corral won the placekicking duties for the Los Angeles Rams in his rookie season. He added punting chores to his list of duties in 1980 and 1981 and remains the last NFL player to have been both the starting placekicker and punter for his team. In 1982, he was replaced by John Misko (punting) and Mike Lansford (placekicking). He would not return to the NFL. In 1983 Corral moved to the USFL. While playing for the Chicago Blitz, Corral connected on 37 of 40 extra point attempts and 22 of 41 field goals for 105 points. He also was the punter for Chicago, punting 74 times for 2989 yards and 40.4 average. The next year, for the Arizona Wranglers, he was 63 of 65 on PATs and 11 of 21 in field goals for 96 points. He also punted 69 times for 2856 yards and a 41.4 average. In 1985 for the Houston Gamblers he punted 24 times for 961 yards and a 40.0-yard average and handled the kickoff duties. Toni Fritsch handled the placekicking duties for the Gamblers. References 1955 births Living people American football placekickers Arizona Wranglers players Chicago Blitz players Houston Gamblers players Los Angeles Rams players Mexican players of American football National Conference Pro Bowl players Sportspeople from Chihuahua (state) UCLA Bruins football players Players of American football from Riverside, California People from Delicias, Chihuahua
Twelfth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was instituted after the victory of AIADMK and allies, in the 2001 state assembly election. O. Panneerselvam officially became the 13th and J. Jayalalithaa became the 14th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. Even though Jayalalithaa was the Chief Minister between 14 May and 21 September 2001, the Supreme Court of India, declared that she did not legally hold the post, due to corruption charges from her previous Chief ministership. Overview Chief Ministers Council of Ministers See also Government of Tamil Nadu Legislature of Tamil Nadu References Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Loyola University New Orleans College of Law is a private law school in New Orleans, Louisiana affiliated with Loyola University New Orleans. Loyola's law school opened in 1914 and is now located on the Broadway Campus of the university in the historic Audubon Park District of the city. The College of Law is one of fourteen Jesuit law schools in the United States. It is also one of the few law schools in the nation to offer curricula in both Civil Law and Common Law. The school releases several academic journals, most notable of which is the Loyola Law Review. History The College of Law was founded as the School of Law as one of the earliest academic departments of Loyola University New Orleans, chartered in 1912. Judge John St. Paul was the founding dean, "choosing the faculty and preparing the curriculum". The first session of the School of Law occurred on October 5, 1914; it originally held classes only in the evening and was located downtown at the College of the Immaculate Conception, now known as Jesuit High School. The School of Law was then moved uptown to the St. Charles Avenue campus of Loyola in 1915. In 1925, the law school opened a day division to better serve the needs of its students, as the coursework was expanded to a four-year program. In 1931, the law school became a member of the American Bar Association and became a member of the Association of American Law Schools in 1934. In 1986, the law school moved from the main campus to its current location on the Broadway Campus, only a few blocks away (located on the west side of the Audubon Park). The School of Law was renamed the College of Law with the passage of the PATHWAYS Plan on May 19, 2006. In 2007, the law school completed a new four-story addition to its current building, which increased the number of classrooms, office space and library space. Ranking According to the law professor blog, The Faculty Lounge, based on 2012 ABA data, only 48.6% of graduates obtained full-time, long term, bar admission required positions (i.e., jobs as lawyers), 9 months after graduation, ranking 135th out of 197 law schools. Academics The school is known for its success in national and international moot court competitions. The College houses the Gillis Long Poverty Law Center, a legal research and education center; William P. Quigley is the current Director. The school's Sports and Entertainment Law Society provides students interested in legal careers in music, film, and sports with unique opportunities to meet and learn from experts in these respective areas. The school also runs the Stuart H. Smith Law Clinic and Center For Social Justice, where students are admitted to the limited practice of law under a supervising attorney's license for their 3L year. Through the Clinic, students are able to work in a variety of practice areas including criminal defense, prosecution, family law, employment law, immigration, and mediation and arbitration. Study abroad programs Loyola Law has had a long history of contacts with civil law schools in other parts of the world. As a result, Loyola has one of the most extensive catalog of study abroad programs in the country. These programs draw students from many other law schools in the country. With the school's special focus on the study of international law, over the course of the years, programs have established in the following countries: Budapest, Hungary Moscow, Russia Panama City, Panama Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - inactive until summer 2017 Spetses, Greece Vienna, Austria Employment prospects According to the College of Law's 2022 ABA-required disclosures, 79% of the Class of 2022 obtained full-time, long-term, bar passage-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo practitioners. The College of Law's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 18.4%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2021 that is unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation. Costs The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at the College of Law for full-time students not living at home for the 2013-2014 academic year is $64,132. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $253,149. Notable alumni Robert A. Ainsworth Jr. (L '32), former Louisiana state senator 1952-1961, serving as President pro tem from 1952–56 and from 1960–61, former federal judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1961-1966, and former federal judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit from 1966-1981 Carl Barbier (L '70), federal judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana Edward S. Bopp (L '63 and '67), state representative for Orleans and St. Bernard parishes from 1977 to 1984 Henry Braden (L '75), state senator from Orleans Parish and African Americans' rights activist Phillip D. Brady (L '76), former Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of Cabinet Affairs at the White House Armand Brinkhaus (L '60), former member of both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature from St. Landry Parish Anh "Joseph" Cao (L '00), first Vietnamese-American elected to the United States Congress Pascal F. Calogero Jr. (L '54), former Chief Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court Dan Claitor (L '87), member of the Louisiana State Senate from Baton Rouge Patrick Connick (L '93), state representative from Jefferson Parish Dana Douglas (L '00), Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; former magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana Hunt Downer (L '72), Former Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives; assistant adjutant general of the Louisiana National Guard James U. Downs (L '66), senior resident superior court judge in western North Carolina, 1983-2013 John B. Dunlap III (L '89), Brigadier General of the Louisiana National Guard Adrian G. Duplantier (L '49), former State Senator and Federal Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana Duane A. Evans (L '95), Interim United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Louisiana Robert Faucheux, attorney in LaPlace; former member of the Louisiana House for St. John the Baptist and St. James parishes, 1996 to 2004 Charles Foti (L '65), former Attorney General of Louisiana Edwin Foulke (L '78), United States Assistant Secretary of Labor Norman Francis (L '55), current President of Xavier University and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; first African American to enroll at Loyola Law. Kim Gandy (L '78), current President of the National Organization for Women (NOW) Ray Garofalo, current member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from St. Bernard Parish Robert T. Garrity Jr., state representative for Jefferson Parish District 79, 1988 to 1992 James Garvey Jr. (L '91), Metairie lawyer and accountant; member of the Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education James T. Genovese (L '74), Associate Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court E. W. Gravolet, member of both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature from Plaquemines Parish Charles Grisbaum Jr. (L, '61), state representative for Jefferson Parish, 1972-1982; state appeals court judge, 1982-2001 William J. Guste (L, '44), state senator from 1968 to 1972 and Louisiana Attorney General from 1972 to 1992 Richard T. Haik (L), U. S. District Judge in Lafayette Ted Haik (L), former state representative from Iberia parish, current city attorney in New Iberia Calvin Johnson (L '78), former chief judge of the Criminal District Court of New Orleans Jeannette Knoll (L '69), associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court Malcolm Lafargue (L '32), U. S. attorney in Shreveport during the 1940s; defeated U.S. Senate candidate in 1950 Madeleine Landrieu (L '87), dean of Loyola University New Orleans College of Law, former judge on the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal Mitch Landrieu (L), former Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana; former Mayor of New Orleans Moon Landrieu (L '54), former New Orleans mayor and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Harry Lee (L '67), former Sheriff of Jefferson Parish Harry T. Lemmon (L), former Judge of the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal, and former Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court Arthur A. Morrell (L), clerk of the Orleans Parish Criminal Court since 2006 and state representative for District 96, 1984-2006 Paul Pastorek (L '79), former Louisiana state superintendent of education Julie Quinn (L '92), former state senator and former Jefferson Parish School Board member Carl E. Stewart (L '74), Circuit Judge, and former Chief Circuit Judge, of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit; former judge of the Louisiana Court of Appeal for the Second Circuit James Sutterfield (L '67), Republican member of the Louisiana House from Orleans Parish, 1970-1972; practicing attorney in New Orleans Suzanne Haik Terrell (L '84), former Louisiana Commissioner of Elections; former member of the New Orleans City Council, former candidate for the U.S. Senate, sister of Richard and Ted Haik Chet D. Traylor (L '74), Louisiana Supreme Court Associate Justice, 1997-2009 Mary Ann Vial Lemmon (L' 64), federal judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana Dennis Waldron (L'73), former judge of the Criminal District Court of New Orleans Louis Westerfield (L' 74), served as the first African-American Dean of the University of Mississippi School of Law Robert Wilkie (L '88), former United States Assistant Secretary of Defense, former Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, and former United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs Edwin E. Willis, Member of the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana's 3rd congressional district from 1949 to 1969 J. Skelly Wright ('32, L '34), former federal district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1950-1962, and former judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia from 1962-1988, serving as Chief Circuit Judge from 1986-1988 See also American Bar Association Profile References External links Official site Catholic law schools in the United States Universities and colleges established in 1914 Jesuit universities and colleges in the United States Law schools in Louisiana Loyola University New Orleans 1914 establishments in Louisiana
A harbourmaster (or harbormaster, see spelling differences) is an official responsible for enforcing the regulations of a particular harbour or port, in order to ensure the safety of navigation, the security of the harbour and the correct operation of the port facilities. Responsibilities Harbourmasters are normally responsible for issuing local safety information sometimes known as notice to mariners. They may also oversee the maintenance and provision of navigational aids within the port, co-ordinate responses to emergencies, inspect vessels and oversee pilotage services. The harbourmaster may have legal power to detain, caution or even arrest persons committing an offence within the port or tidal range of the port's responsibilities. An example of this is the team of harbourmasters employed by the Port of London Authority who are empowered to undertake an enforcement role. Actions that a harbourmaster may investigate include criminal acts, immigration, customs and excise, maritime and river safety and environmental and pollution issues. The police, customs, coastguard or immigration authorities will take over the handling of any offenders or incident once informed by the harbourmaster. Worldwide there are approximately 3,000 merchant ports and the work of the Harbour Master can vary widely from country to country and from port to port even within the same country. Civilian and naval officers A harbourmaster may either be a civilian or a commissioned naval officer of any rank. Historically all harbourmasters were naval officers; even today they must possess prior seafaring knowledge and experience through serving with either a merchant navy or armed navy. The terms naval and civilian are used here to distinguish who is employed by a military force and who is employed by a public or private port. United Kingdom and Canada In the United Kingdom and Canada, a person that is appointed to superintend a dockyard port and ensures the port is secure for civilian and military shipping is known as a King's Harbour Master (or Queen's Harbour Master during the reign of a queen). In Canada, the position is also called a capitaine de port de Sa Majesté in French (). Although legislation does not require it, most KHMs are officers from the naval service. King's Harbour Masters are entitled to fly their own flag. The flag flown by British KHMs is a white-bordered Union Flag with a white central disc bearing the initials "KHM" beneath a crown. Canadian KHMs fly a similar flag, a white-bordered flag of Canada with a white central disc bearing the initials "K.H.M." above the crown and "C.P.S.M. below it. United States In the United States, the Captain of the Port, a United States Coast Guard officer, is responsible for these duties in a pre-defined Captain of the Port zone which usually includes multiple ports and waterways leading to those ports, usually in federal waters. A US Captain of the Port, unlike the Canadian capitaine de port, is not normally considered to be a harbormaster, as harbormasters in the United States (as elsewhere) are usually local government officials responsible for safety and security in a harbor. The directives of harbormasters are subject to the oversight of the Coast Guard. See also Captain of the port References External links California Association of Harbor Masters New York State Harbormaster and Bay Constable Association Queen's Harbourmaster Portsmouth, Plymouth and Clyde National Harbormaster Appreciation Day (U.S.) Nautical terminology Marine occupations
Robert Crockett "Daddy" Potts (August 16, 1898 – August 11, 1981) was an American football player. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the Frankford Yellow Jackets in the 1926 NFL season. Potts won the 1926 NFL championship with the Yellow Jackets. Outside of the NFL, he played for the Millville Big Blue, a successful independent team out of New Jersey. In 1925 Rae and Millville (sometimes called the Haven-Villa of Winter Haven) played several pick-up games in Florida against the Tampa Cardinals, featuring Red Grange. References External links 1898 births 1981 deaths American football tackles Clemson Tigers football players Frankford Yellow Jackets players Millville Football & Athletic Club players All-Southern college football players People from Fort Mill, South Carolina Players of American football from South Carolina Burials in South Carolina
Glyphipterix regula is a species of sedge moth in the genus Glyphipterix. It was described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1976. It is found on the Kuril Islands. References Moths described in 1976 Glyphipterigidae Moths of Japan
Usnea patriciana is a rare species of fruticose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. This beard lichen has a shrubby appearance with cylindrical branches and distinct black pigmentation at its base. Taxonomy Usnea patriciana was formally described as a new species by Frank Bungartz, Maria de los Angeles Herrera-Campos, and Philippe Clerc in 2018. The type specimen was discovered on San Cristóbal Island, along the northern border of Galápagos National Park; there, at an altitude of , it was found growing on fallen tree branches. The species was named in appreciation of herbarium curator Patricia Jaramillo, of the Charles Darwin Research Station, "for her friendship and continued support of the Galapagos Lichen Inventory". Description This lichen species has a shrubby or somewhat pendulous growth form with branches that are cylindrical and non-inflated. The base is distinctly blackish for the first few millimeters. The branches bear abundant , which are hemispherical and eroded at the tip. The soralia, reproductive structures on the lichen's surface, are plane, circular to elongated, and remain well-delimited by a thin cortical rim that persists even when crowded. The species can be distinguished from similar species by its non-inflated branches with abundant tubercles, black pigmentation at its base, and plane soralia that remain well-delimited by a cortical rim. The chemistry of Usnea patriciana includes salazinic acid, which can be detected in the medulla. Similar species Usnea patriciana is most similar to another lichen species, Usnea brattiae. However, the trunk of U. patriciana is typically dark brown to blackish, while the trunk of U. brattiae is mostly the same colour as the basal branches, and rarely reddish-brown. U. patriciana has cylindrical and irregular branches with abundant tubercles, while U. brattiae has regularly terete (round, cylindrical, or slightly tapering shape in cross-section) branches lacking tubercles. The cortex of U. patriciana is matte, thicker than the cortex of U. brattiae, which appears shiny in section. The medulla of both species is similar, but U. patriciana has a distinctly thicker axis than U. brattiae. The chemistry of U. brattiae is more variable, while only one chemotype is known for U. patriciana (salazinic acid). Habitat and distribution Usnea patriciana is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. It is a little-known species found mainly in the humid and upper transition zones of the islands. The lichen typically grows in exposed habitats, including small branches and twigs, shrubs, small trees, and fenceposts. References patriciana Lichen species Lichens described in 2018 Lichens of the Galápagos Islands Taxa named by Philippe Clerc (lichenologist)
Ciaran Knight (born 18 March 1998) is an English professional rugby union player who plays for Gloucester in the Premiership Rugby. He plays as a prop. Knight previously attended Brockworth Comprehensive School and St Peter's High School. He first played for Matson RFC from a young age. This played a major developmental role for him to join the Gloucester Rugby Academy from the 2016-17 season. His best experience was winning the Triangular International Festival as a member of the England Counties U18 squad, under then Head Coach Dave Reed, at Hartpury College last April. It included a 7-5 win over France, which was England’s first victory in matches between the sides for nine years. He also scored a maiden try against France in his third game for England U18 in Cape Town, South Africa last August. Knight helped the England Under-20s win the 2017 Six Nations Under 20s Championship Knight also played for them during World Rugby Under 20 Championship in 2017 and 2018, both held in Georgia and France respectively. On 14 February 2019, Knight signed his first professional contract to stay with Gloucester, thus promoted to the senior squad from the 2019-20 season. References External links Gloucester Rugby Profile Ultimate Rugby Profile Living people 1998 births English rugby union players Rugby union props Gloucester Rugby players Rugby union players from Gloucester Hartpury University R.F.C. players
Henryk Ignacy Kamieński (31 July 1777, Hruszwica – 26 May 1831, at Ostrołęka) was a Polish brigadier general. He fought on the French side in the Napoleonic Wars and then on the Polish side in the November Uprising. Life After graduating from the French military academies, in 1806 he became a captain of grenadiers and adjutant to Marshal Nicolas Oudinot. For his participation in the 1806–07 campaign he received the Virtuti Militari order and the Légion d'honneur. On 30 January 1808 he became captain of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Duchy of Warsaw. He was then appointed one of the four squadron commanders of the Polish 1st Light Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial Guard) and deployed with that unit from Germany to Madrid. He fought in the anti-guerrilla force commanded by Jean-Baptiste Bessières, including at Somosierra, and escorted Napoleon on his return from Spain to France. After his unit divided, Kamieński went to a regiment commanded by Colonel Vincent Krasinski but after a duel with his commanding officer he resigned on 1 August 1809 and joined the Vistula Legion instead. On 27 December 1811 he took command of the 10th Infantry Regiment, becoming a colonel. In 1812 his regiment took part in the personal review by the emperor himself in Königsberg and he then joined 7th Division of the 10th Corps of the Grande Armée under Jacques MacDonald, being assigned to general Rappa's corps. After winning a series of clashes with Russian troops, he retired to Gdańsk where he led numerous assaults, defensive actions and nighttime sallies beyond the town walls. From these he received the Officer's Cross of the Legion of Honour. He resigned on 26 December 1815 and settled in Ruda. He took part in the November Uprising despite ill health, including time commanding 5th Infantry Division. He was killed at Ostrołęka when a cannonball broke both his legs while he was leading the last Polish counterattack against the Russian beachhead. His grave is currently on a private estate on the outskirts of Ostrołęka. 1777 births 1831 deaths French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Polish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Generals of the November Uprising Recipients of the Virtuti Militari Officers of the Legion of Honour
Chevrières may refer to the following communes in France: Chevrières, Isère, in the Isère department Chevrières, Loire, in the Loire department Chevrières, Oise, in the Oise department Chevagny-les-Chevrières, in the Saône-et-Loire department Novy-Chevrières, in the Ardennes department
Primeros Pinos is a village and municipality in Neuquén Province in southwestern Argentina. References Populated places in Neuquén Province
Martin Wood is a Canadian television director who has been directing since the mid-1990s. He specializes in science fiction, where he is best known for his work as a director and producer on Stargate SG-1 (46 episodes), as well as its spin-off series Stargate Atlantis (30 episodes). Career Martin Wood began his television career in 1995. Although he is best known for his work on the Stargate franchise's Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis, he has also directed for many other television series, including The Invisible Man and Earth: Final Conflict. In addition, Martin directed two TV specials on sudden infant death syndrome. Along with Peter DeLuise, Andy Mikita and Will Waring, Wood was one of Stargate SG-1's main directors during its 10-year run. He also frequently appears as an extra known as "Major Wood" in the Stargate SG-1 episodes that he directs, often assisting Sergeant Siler as a repairman using the oversized crescent wrench that serves as an inside joke. He is also featured on many Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis DVD special features, such as featurettes and audio commentaries. Between 2008 and 2011, Wood directed several episodes of the science-fiction series Sanctuary, starring Amanda Tapping and Christopher Heyerdahl. He was also set to direct Stargate: Revolution (working title), the third Stargate SG-1 direct-to-DVD movie, but that production has been shelved indefinitely. Filmography Awards and nominations Wood has won 1 award, out of 5 nominations. References External links Martin Wood at Stargate Official Site Martin Wood on StargateWiki Living people Canadian film directors Canadian television directors Canadian cinematographers Canadian television producers Year of birth missing (living people)
Heliophanus minimus is a jumping spider species in the genus Heliophanus that lives in Ivory Coast. References Fauna of Ivory Coast Salticidae Spiders described in 2022 Spiders of Africa Taxa named by Wanda Wesołowska
The 2021 WTA Poland Open (also known as the BNP Paribas Poland Open for sponsorship purposes) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the WTA Poland Open, and part of the WTA 250 series of the 2021 WTA Tour. It was held at the Arka Tennis Club in Gdynia, Poland, from 19 July until 25 July 2021. Unseeded Maryna Zanevska won the singles title. Finals Singles Maryna Zanevska defeated Kristína Kučová 6–4, 7–6(7–4) Doubles Anna Danilina / Lidziya Marozava defeated Kateryna Bondarenko / Katarzyna Piter 6–3, 6–2 Singles main draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of 12 July 2021. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the main draw: Weronika Baszak Valeriia Olianovskaia Urszula Radwańska Katie Volynets The following player received entry as a special exempt: Maryna Zanevska The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Anna Bondár Kateryna Bondarenko Federica Di Sarra Ekaterine Gorgodze The following players received entry as lucky losers: Amina Anshba Weronika Falkowska Jamie Loeb Marina Melnikova Tereza Mrdeža Anastasia Zakharova Withdrawals Before the tournament Clara Burel → replaced by Weronika Falkowska Harriet Dart → replaced by Kristína Kučová Polona Hercog → replaced by Kateryna Kozlova Anna-Lena Friedsam → replaced by Viktória Kužmová Anhelina Kalinina → replaced by Anastasia Zakharova Tereza Martincová → replaced by Marina Melnikova Anna Kalinskaya → replaced by Varvara Lepchenko Yulia Putintseva → replaced by Tereza Mrdeža Nina Stojanović → replaced by Nuria Párrizas Díaz Stefanie Vögele → replaced by Amina Anshba Tamara Zidanšek → replaced by Jamie Loeb Doubles main draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of 12 July 2021. Other entrants The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: Weronika Baszak / Varvara Flink Weronika Falkowska / Paula Kania-Choduń Withdrawals Before the tournament Irina Bara / Mihaela Buzărnescu → replaced by Alena Fomina / Tereza Mrdeža Tereza Mihalíková / Fanny Stollár → replaced by Ania Hertel / Martyna Kubka During the tournament Irina Bara / Varvara Lepchenko References External links Official website WTA Poland Open WTA Poland Open WTA Poland Open WTA Poland Open
W.K. McNeil (August 13, 1940 in Canton, North Carolina – April 19, 2005 in Mountain View, Arkansas) was a prominent American folklorist, historian, record producer, and author specializing in Ozark and Appalachian mountain cultures. Life and career W.K. McNeil was born William Kinneth McNeil on August 13, 1940, in Haywood County, North Carolina, located in the Appalachian Mountain region. He was known as "Bill" to his friends. He received his B.A. in history at Carson-Newman College in Jefferson City, Tennessee, in 1962, his M.A. in history from Oklahoma State University, an M.A. in American folk culture from the Cooperstown Graduate Program of the State University of New York in 1967, and his Ph.D. in folklore from Indiana University in 1980. His dissertation was on the history of American folklore studies to 1908 and he published many biographical articles based on this work. He also became a founding member of the History and Folklore section of the American Folklore Society and advisory editor to its journal The Folklore Historian. He became known as a leading force in writing histories of folklore as a professional discipline. In 1975, he became administrator for the Regional America Program of the Smithsonian Institution's Festival of American Folklife, and in 1976 he took the job that he held for the remainder of his life as folklorist for the Ozark Folk Center in Mountain View, Arkansas. In the post, he organized public programming, disseminated research, and established an archives of traditional material. He held professional posts of president of the Mid-America Folklore Society in 1980, book review editor of the Journal of American Folklore from 1980 to 1993, and member of the executive board of the National Council for the Traditional Arts in 1979. Scholarship He began issuing collections of regional folklore as books during the 1980s based on his own fieldwork and archival material. He received popular recognition for his work with the publication of Ghost Stories from the American South (1985), which became a mass market paperback. The subjects of his other books focused on the Ozarks and Appalachian Mountains as folk regions and folk songs and humor in the South, including Ozark Country (1995), Southern Folk Ballads (1987, 2 volumes), Southern Mountain Folksongs (1993), Appalachian Images in Folk and Popular Culture (1989, 2nd ed. 1995), Ozark Mountain Humor (1989). He was also involved in the study of gospel music, and edited a magazine devoted to it entitled Rejoice. A large editorial project that had occupied him for many years was issued after his death as the Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music (2005). McNeil's analytical concern was to show, contrary to popular perceptions, that mountain folk cultures is complex and constantly evolving and adapting to new conditions rather than being stuck in the past. He linked the Ozarks to sources in Appalachian culture but also showed multiple influences that made the Ozarks distinct as a cultural region. Books 1985. Ghost Stories from the American South. New York: Dell. 1987. Southern Folk Ballads, 2 vols. Little Rock: August House. 1989. Ozark Mountain Humor. Little Rock: August House. 1993. Southern Mountain Folksongs: Traditional Songs from the Appalachians and the Ozarks. Little Rock: August House. 1995. Appalachian Images in Folk and Popular Culture. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 2005. Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music. New York: Routledge. Recordings 1981. Not Far from Here: Traditional Narratives and Songs Collected in the Arkansas Ozarks. Mountain View, AR: Ozark Folk Center. 1985. How Firm a Foundation: Favorite Religious Songs of Almeda Riddle. LP Record. Mountain View, AR: Arkansas Traditions. 1993. The Blues: A Smithsonian Collection of Classic Blues Singers. Book and 4 CDs. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. References Baker, Ronald L. “In Memoriam: W.K. McNeil (1940-2005).” Journal of Folklore Research 42 (2005): 361-63. Bronner, Simon J. “Remembering Bill McNeil (1940-2005).” Folklore Historian 22 (2005): 5-12. __. “W.K. McNeil (1940-2005).” Journal of American Folklore 119 (2006): 356-61 American folklorists 1940 births 2005 deaths 20th-century American historians American male non-fiction writers Oklahoma State University alumni Indiana University alumni People from Canton, North Carolina People from Mountain View, Arkansas 20th-century American male writers
Pietro Dini (died 1625) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Fermo (1621–1625). Biography On 19 April 1621, Pietro Dini was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XV as Archbishop of Fermo. On 9 May 1621, he was consecrated bishop by Ottavio Bandini, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina, with Galeazzo Sanvitale, Archbishop Emeritus of Bari-Canosa, and Luca Alemanni, Bishop Emeritus of Volterra, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Archbishop of Fermo until his death in August 1625. Episcopal succession While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of: Alexandre della Stufa, Bishop of Montepulciano (1623); and Lorenzo Campeggi, Bishop of Cesena (1624). He also ordained Giulio Cesare Sacchetti (1623) to the priesthood. References 17th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XV 1625 deaths
Goulet () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western of France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the new commune of Monts-sur-Orne. Demographics See also Communes of the Orne department References Former communes of Orne
The stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) is an evolutionary theory in microbial ecology and community ecology that provides a framework to predict when positive or negative interactions should be observed in an habitat. The SGH states that facilitation, cooperation or mutualism should be more common in stressful environments, compared with benign environments (i.e nutrient excess) where competition or parasitism should be more common. The stress gradient hypothesis, in which ecological interactions shift in a positive direction with increasing environmental stress, is controversial among ecologists, in part because of contradictory support, yet a 2021 meta analysis study compared SGH across different organisms with intraspecificity and interspecificity interacrions and conclude that the SGH is indeed a broadly relevant ecological phenomena that is currently held back by cross-disciplinary communication barriers. SGH is well supported by studies that feature bacteria, plants, terrestrial ecosystems, interspecific negative interactions, adults, survival instead of growth or reproduction, and drought, fire, and nutrient stress. Drought and nutrient stress, especially when combined, shift ecological interactions positively References Evolution Ecological theories
The Atari Panther was the design codename for a cancelled video game console from Atari Corporation planned as the successor to the Atari 7800 and the Atari XEGS. It was developed by Flare Technology, the same ex-Sinclair team who worked on the cancelled Flare One and Konix Multisystem consoles. Work started in 1988 with a planned 1991 release to compete with the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and the Sega Genesis. The Panther was never commercially released as the design was abandoned for the Atari Jaguar. Hardware The system has three primary chips: A Motorola 68000 running at 16 MHz An object processor called the "Panther" An Ensoniq sound processor, nicknamed "Otis", with 32 channels (presumably an ES5505) References External links Atari Panther history & information Panther Vaporware game consoles 68k-based game consoles
The Kieldrecht Lock (Dutch: Kieldrechtsluis), referred to as the Deurgank Dock Lock (Dutch: Deurgankdoksluis) during construction, is the largest lock in the world when only considering water volume. The Kieldrecht Lock is the newer of two locks that give access to the left-bank docks of the Port of Antwerp in Belgium, between the Scheldt river and the Waasland Canal. The creation of the Kieldrecht lock has relieved the amount of traffic for the Waasland Canal that the Kallo Lock was experiencing. The lock, situated in the municipality of Beveren, was opened on 10 June 2016 in the presence of King Philippe of Belgium. Construction On 24 October 2011, work started on the Kieldrecht Lock on the left bank of the Scheldt. The construction of the lock was completed on 27 April 2015, and the lock was filled with water. The filling with 1 million m3 of water took a week. The official opening was initially planned for 15 April 2016, but opening was postponed due to heavy water damage in a technical room. The opening finally took place on 10 June 2016, in the presence of King Filip. Based on the design of the Berendrecht Lock, it has the same length and width, but with an operational depth (TAW) of , which makes it the world's largest lock. To construct the lock, 9.1 million m3 of earth was excavated, and 22,000 tonnes of structural steel, three times the amount required to build the Eiffel Tower. Costing €340 million, of which 50% is financed by the European Investment Bank, the Flemish KBC Bank also made an €81 million credit line available, with the balance provided by the Antwerp Port Authority and the Flemish Government. Dimensions The dimensions of the Kieldrecht Lock are: Length: Width: Operational depth (TAW): Lock gates: four sliding gates References External links Official website Buildings and structures in Antwerp Locks of Belgium
Saint-Sulpice-de-Guilleragues (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Population See also Communes of the Gironde department References Communes of Gironde
Kootwijk (West Low German: Kodek) (population estimate: 280) is a small village in the municipality Barneveld, located in the middle of the Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. History It was first mentioned between 1333 and 1334 as Coetwijc, and means "village with little houses". In 1840, it was home to 66 people. The Dutch Reformed Church dates from the 16th century, but has been extensively modified in 1930. Up to 1900, it was surrounded by heath and mainly home to shepherds. South of Kootwijk is the Kootwijkerzand, a sand dune area of 7 km2, the largest in Europe. Between 1918 and 1921, the radio transmitter Radio Kootwijk was constructed to the east of Kootwijk to improve communication with the Dutch East Indies (nowadays Indonesia). In 1950, the village was hit by an F3-F4 tornado. One person was injured, however of forest was destroyed. A living van was turned over three times, however the occupants survived with minor injuries. Transportation Kootwijk is bypassed in the north by Rijksweg 1 (A1) / European route E30 (E 30) at exit 18, where Provincial road N302 (N302) branches off to the north. Gallery References Populated places in Gelderland Barneveld (municipality)
Sebastian L. Anefal (born January 21, 1952 in Guror, Gilman municipality, Yap, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) is a Micronesian politician currently serving as the FSM Ambassador Plenipotentiary to Fiji. He was nominated by President Peter M. Christian to his current post in mid-2015 and took office on January 8, 2016. He became the foreign minister of the Federated States of Micronesia on September 5, 2003, when his nomination was approved by the Micronesian Congress. Through foreign ministry work, he gained experiences in international politics and have addressed the United Nations general assembly on some occasions where Micronesia was concerned. Anefal also worked extensively with other world leaders to provide foreign aid to Micronesia for infrastructure projects and programs. He was the secretary of the department of resources and economic affairs prior to his appointment as Foreign Minister of FSM in 2002. He served as Foreign Minister of the Federated States of Micronesia from May 2002 until December 2006. On January 8, 2007, he was inaugurated as the fifth Governor of his home state of Yap, a position he held for two terms. Anefal ran unopposed for a second term in the Yapese gubernatorial election held on November 2, 2010. The combined ticket of Gov. Sebastian Anefal and Lt. Gov. Tony Tareg received 3,519 votes in the election. Anefal was sworn into his second, four-year term in office on January 10, 2011. References External links Address to United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 29, 2004 1952 births Living people Governors of Yap Foreign Ministers of the Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia diplomats Government ministers of the Federated States of Micronesia People from Yap State People from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
The Circle K/Fiesta Bowl 200 was the final name of a PPG IndyCar World Series race held annually at Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale, Arizona, from 1979 though 1986; it was known as the Miller High Life 150 for five editions during that period. The race was known by multiple other names, operated under other sanctioning bodies, and was run at other distances during a much longer history before IndyCar. Race history Open wheel racing in the Phoenix area dates back to 1915 on a dirt oval at the Arizona State Fairgrounds. Earl Cooper, who competed in the Indianapolis 500 seven times, won the inaugural race—scheduled for 150 laps of the one-mile track, it was ended after 109 miles due to darkness. The race was revived in 1950 by the AAA, and then passed to the United States Auto Club (USAC) in 1956. USAC moved the race to the newly built Phoenix International Raceway in 1964. The race became a CART event in 1979. During the CART years, two races were scheduled through the mid-1980s, but the track dropped down to one race per year starting in 1987. Starting in 1954, the race was named for driver Bobby Ball, who died in February 1954 following a racing accident in Los Angeles in January 1953. The race was renamed in 1972 due to sponsorship from Best Western. Bobby Ball naming returned for the 1976–1978 editions, the last of which was title sponsored by Miller High Life. Miller's sponsorship continued through the 1983 edition. The race then had three different title sponsors for its final three editions: Stroh's, Dana, and Circle K. Over the entire history of the race, A. J. Foyt and Al Unser each won four times, the most of any driver. Foyt's wins came in 1960 at the Fairgrounds and then in 1965, 1971, and 1975 at the Raceway. Unser's wins all came at the Raceway, in 1969, 1976, 1979, and 1985. The most consecutive wins was three, by Tom Sneva in 1980, 1981, and 1982. Sneva's three wins were the most by any driver during the IndyCar era of the race (1979–1986). Arizona State Fairgrounds 1954: Final 65 laps completed on November 8 due to heavy dust and the rough condition of the track. 1955: Race shortened due to rough track conditions. Driver Jack McGrath was killed in an accident during this race. 1961: Race shortened due to darkness. 1962: Race shortened due to crash. Bolded driver indicates this was their first USAC Championship Car win Phoenix International Raceway = Firestone = Goodyear Bolded driver indicates this was the drivers first IndyCar win. Support races Selected race summaries 1980: Johnny Rutherford led the first 37 laps, then on lap 71 was chasing leader Tom Sneva. Dicing through slower traffic, Rutherford slipped by Sneva in turn three to take the lead. He then suffered a spectacular crash. Coming out of turn four, he touched wheels with Dennis Firestone and spun into the outside wall. Then the car flipped up in the air and landed upside-down on its roll bar. Rutherford escaped with a concussion and only minor cuts and lacerations. 1985: In the second-to-last race of the season at Phoenix, Al Unser Sr. and Al Unser Jr. finished first-second, and ended the day within three points of each other going into the season finale. The father and son battle for the 1985 championship is famous in Indy car lore. References External links Champ Car Stats: Fairgrounds archive, PIR archive, Indy Lights archive Ultimate Racing History: Fairgrounds archive, Phoenix archive Champ Car races Motorsport in Arizona Sports in Phoenix, Arizona Recurring sporting events established in 1964 Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1986 1964 establishments in Arizona 1986 disestablishments in Arizona
The 1868 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Massachusetts voted for the Republican nominee, Ulysses S. Grant, over the Democratic nominee, Horatio Seymour. Grant won the state by a margin of 39.53%. With 69.76% of the popular vote, Massachusetts would be Grant's second strongest victory in terms of popular vote percentage after neighboring Vermont. As of 2023, this is the last time that Suffolk County, which contains the city of Boston, was not the most Democratic county in Massachusetts. Results See also United States presidential elections in Massachusetts References Massachusetts 1868 1868 Massachusetts elections
Heroes were an Australian group from Newcastle, who had an Australian which reached No.6 on the Australian Kent Music Report. In January 2015, the band released their second studio album So Far, which came with a bonus album of their 1980 debut. Discography Albums Singles References Australian musical groups 1980 establishments in Australia
Sabrina Singh (born 1988) is an American administrator who has served as the Deputy Pentagon Press Secretary in the Department of Defense since April 2022. Singh previously served as Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary for Vice President Kamala Harris in the Biden administration from 2021 to 2022. Career She is an alumna of the USC School of International Relations. Singh started her career as the press assistant at the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. She served as the Press Secretary to Kamala Harris, the current Vice President of the United States, when Harris was California's senator. Earlier, Singh was appointed as a National Spokesperson for Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign. She has also served as the National Press Secretary for Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign. She was the Communications Director in Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Singh has served as the Deputy Communications Director for the Democratic National Committee, and spokeswoman for American Bridge's Trump War Room. Personal life Sabrina Singh is of Sikh heritage. Her grandfather Jagjit Singh (aka J. J. Singh), a famed freedom fighter and the head of India League of America, hailed from Abbottabad in the present day Pakistan. The family moved to the United States before the Partition of India. Her father Manjit was born in 1956 in New York City; when he was five years old, his parents returned to New Delhi with their entire family. Manjit and his brother Manmohan grew up in Delhi. Following the death of Jagjit Singh in 1976, Manjit, who was a chairman and CEO of Sony India, and Sabrina's mother Srila, decided to immigrate to the United States again. She is married to Mike Smith, the political director for Nancy Pelosi, the former United States House of Representatives' Speaker. References 1988 births American Sikhs Biden administration personnel Democratic National Committee people Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign American politicians of Indian descent Living people USC School of International Relations alumni
Loney is a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name Loney Gordon, (1915–1999), American chemist and laboratory researcher Loney Haskell, (1870–1933), American vaudeville entertainer and theatre manager Surname Allan Loney, Canadian ice hockey player Cleve Loney, American politician Ernest Loney, British middle- and long-distance runner Jack Loney, Australian writer and amateur maritime historian. James Loney (peace activist), a Canadian activist who was once held hostage in Iraq James Loney (baseball), American baseball player John Loney, Canadian politician June Loney, Australian harpist Michael Loney, Australian actor Milton R. Loney, American politician Peter Loney, Victoria, Australia politician S L Loney, British mathematician Troy Loney, Canadian ice hockey player William Loney, British naval officer Willie Loney, Scottish footballer See also Lonie Looney (surname)
Glaphurochiton is a genus of fossil chitons known from the Mazon Creek biota. Remarkably, it contains an intact radula, which with 17 teeth per row and over 100 rows is almost identical to the radula of modern chitons (even though the crown group emerged in the Mesozoic). The radula extends from the first to third shell plates. References Prehistoric chiton genera
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Urination results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra. Cellular metabolism generates many by-products that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. These by-products are expelled from the body during urination, which is the primary method for excreting water-soluble chemicals from the body. A urinalysis can detect nitrogenous wastes of the mammalian body. Urine plays an important role in the earth's nitrogen cycle. In balanced ecosystems, urine fertilizes the soil and thus helps plants to grow. Therefore, urine can be used as a fertilizer. Some animals use it to mark their territories. Historically, aged or fermented urine (known as lant) was also used for gunpowder production, household cleaning, tanning of leather and dyeing of textiles. Human urine and feces are collectively referred to as human waste or human excreta, and are managed via sanitation systems. Livestock urine and feces also require proper management if the livestock population density is high. Physiology Most animals have excretory systems for elimination of soluble toxic wastes. In humans, soluble wastes are excreted primarily by the urinary system and, to a lesser extent in terms of urea, removed by perspiration. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The system produces urine by a process of filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream, as well as excess water, sugars, and a variety of other compounds. The resulting urine contains high concentrations of urea and other substances, including toxins. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureter, bladder, and finally the urethra before passing from the body. Duration Research looking at the duration of urination in a range of mammal species found that nine larger species urinated for 21 ± 13 seconds irrespective of body size. Smaller species, including rodents and bats, cannot produce steady streams of urine and instead urinate with a series of drops. Characteristics Quantity Average urine production in adult humans is around of urine per person per day with a normal range of per person per day, produced in around 6 to 8 urinations per day depending on state of hydration, activity level, environmental factors, weight, and the individual's health. Producing too much or too little urine needs medical attention. Polyuria is a condition of excessive production of urine (> 2.5 L/day), oliguria when < 400 mL are produced, and anuria being < 100 mL per day. Constituents About 91–96% of urine consists of water. The remainder can be broadly characterized into inorganic salts, urea, organic compounds, and organic ammonium salts. Urine also contains proteins, hormones, and a wide range of metabolites, varying by what is introduced into the body. The total solids in urine are on average per day per person. Urea is the largest constituent of the solids, constituting more than 50% of the total. The daily volume and composition of urine varies per person based on the amount of physical exertion, environmental conditions, as well as water, salt, and protein intakes. In healthy persons, urine contains very little protein and an excess is suggestive of illness, as with sugar. Organic matter, in healthy persons, also is reported to at most 1.7 times more matter than minerals. However, any more than that is suggestive of illness. However, it is important to note that lesser amounts and concentrations of other compounds and ions are often present in urination of humans. Color Urine varies in appearance, depending principally upon a body's level of hydration, interactions with drugs, compounds and pigments or dyes found in food, or diseases. Normally, urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber, but is usually a pale yellow. Usually urination color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin. Urobilin is a final waste product resulting from the breakdown of heme from hemoglobin during the destruction of aging blood cells. Colorless urine indicates over-hydration. Colorless urine in drug tests can suggest an attempt to avoid detection of illicit drugs in the bloodstream through over-hydration. Dark yellow urine is often indicative of dehydration. Yellowing may be caused by removal of excess riboflavin from the bloodstream. Certain medications such as rifampin and phenazopyridine can cause orange urine. Bloody urine is termed hematuria, a symptom of a wide variety of medical conditions. Dark orange to brown urine can be a symptom of jaundice, rhabdomyolysis, or Gilbert's syndrome. Black or dark-colored urine is referred to as melanuria and may be caused by a melanoma or non-melanin acute intermittent porphyria. Pinkish urine can result from the consumption of beets (beeturia) Greenish urine can result from the consumption of asparagus or foods, beverages with green pigments, or from a urinary tract infection. Reddish or brown urine may be caused by porphyria (not to be confused with the harmless, temporary pink or reddish tint caused by beeturia). Blue urine can be caused by the ingestion of methylene blue (e.g., in medications) or foods or beverages with blue dyes. Blue urine stains can be caused by blue diaper syndrome. Purple urine may be due to purple urine bag syndrome. Odor Sometime after leaving the body, urine may acquire a strong "fish-like" odor because of contamination with bacteria that break down urea into ammonia. This odor is not present in fresh urine of healthy individuals; its presence may be a sign of a urinary tract infection. The odor of normal human urine can reflect what has been consumed or specific diseases. For example, an individual with diabetes mellitus may present a sweetened urine odor. This can be due to kidney diseases as well, such as kidney stones. Additionally, the presence of amino acids in urine (diagnosed as maple syrup urine disease) can cause it to smell of maple syrup. Eating asparagus can cause a strong odor reminiscent of the vegetable caused by the body's breakdown of asparagusic acid. Likewise consumption of saffron, alcohol, coffee, tuna fish, and onion can result in telltale scents. Particularly spicy foods can have a similar effect, as their compounds pass through the kidneys without being fully broken down before exiting the body. pH The pH normally is within the range of 5.5 to 7 with an average of 6.2. In persons with hyperuricosuria, acidic urine can contribute to the formation of stones of uric acid in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. Urine pH can be monitored by a physician or at home. A diet which is high in protein from meat and dairy, as well as alcohol consumption can reduce urine pH, whilst potassium and organic acids, such as from diets high in fruit and vegetables, can increase the pH and make it more alkaline. Cranberries, popularly thought to decrease the pH of urine, have actually been shown not to acidify urine. Drugs that can decrease urine pH include ammonium chloride, chlorothiazide diuretics, and methenamine mandelate. Density Human urine has a specific gravity of 1.003–1.035. Bacteria and pathogens Urine is not sterile, not even in the bladder. In the urethra, epithelial cells lining the urethra are colonized by facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rod and cocci bacteria. One study conducted in Nigeria isolated a total of 77 distinct bacterial strains from 100 healthy children (ages 5–11) as well as 39 strains from 33 cow urine samples, a considerable amount being pathogens. Pathogens identified and their percentages were: The study also states: Examination for medical purposes Many physicians in ancient history resorted to the inspection and examination of the urine of their patients. Hermogenes wrote about the color and other attributes of urine as indicators of certain diseases. Abdul Malik Ibn Habib of Andalusia ( 862 AD) mentions numerous reports of urine examination throughout the Umayyad empire. Diabetes mellitus got its name because the urine is plentiful and sweet. The name uroscopy refers to any visual examination of the urine, including microscopy, although it often refers to the aforementioned prescientific or Proto-scientific forms of urine examination. Clinical urine tests today duly note the color, turbidity, and odor of urine but also include urinalysis, which chemically analyzes the urine and quantifies its constituents. A culture of the urine is performed when a urinary tract infection is suspected, as bacteriuria without symptoms does not require treatment. A microscopic examination of the urine may be helpful to identify organic or inorganic substrates and help in the diagnosis. The color and volume of urine can be reliable indicators of hydration level. Clear and copious urine is generally a sign of adequate hydration. Dark urine is a sign of dehydration. The exception occurs when diuretics are consumed, in which case urine can be clear and copious and the person still be dehydrated. Uses Source of medications Urine contains proteins and other substances that are useful for medical therapy and are ingredients in many prescription drugs (e.g., Ureacin, Urecholine, Urowave). Urine from postmenopausal women is rich in gonadotropins that can yield follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone for fertility therapy. One such commercial product is Pergonal. Urine from pregnant women contains enough human chorionic gonadotropins for commercial extraction and purification to produce hCG medication. Pregnant mare urine is the source of estrogens, namely Premarin. Urine also contains antibodies, which can be used in diagnostic antibody tests for a range of pathogens, including HIV-1. Urine can also be used to produce urokinase, which is used clinically as a thrombolytic agent. Fertilizer Cleaning Given that urea in urine breaks down into ammonia, urine has been used for cleaning. In pre-industrial times, urine was used – in the form of lant or aged urine – as a cleaning fluid. Urine was also used for whitening teeth in Ancient Rome. Gunpowder Urine was used before the development of a chemical industry in the manufacture of gunpowder. Urine, a nitrogen source, was used to moisten straw or other organic material, which was kept moist and allowed to rot for several months to over a year. The resulting salts were washed from the heap with water, which was evaporated to allow collection of crude saltpeter crystals, that were usually refined before being used in making gunpowder. Survival uses The US Army Field Manual advises drinking urine for survival. The manual explains that drinking urine tends to worsen rather than relieve dehydration due to the salts in it, and that urine should not be consumed in a survival situation, even when there is no other fluid available. In hot weather survival situations, where other sources of water are not available, soaking cloth (a shirt for example) in urine and putting it on the head can help cool the body. During World War I, Germans experimented with numerous poisonous gases as weapons. After the first German chlorine gas attacks, Allied troops were supplied with masks of cotton pads that had been soaked in urine. It was believed that the ammonia in the pad neutralized the chlorine. These pads were held over the face until the soldiers could escape from the poisonous fumes. Urban legend states that urine works well against jellyfish stings. This scenario has appeared many times in popular culture including in the Friends episode "The One With the Jellyfish", an early episode of Survivor, as well as the films The Real Cancun (2003), The Heartbreak Kid (2007) and The Paperboy (2012). However, at best it is ineffective, and in some cases this treatment may make the injury worse. Textiles Urine has often been used as a mordant to help prepare textiles, especially wool, for dyeing. In the Scottish Highlands and Hebrides, the process of "waulking" (fulling) woven wool is preceded by soaking in urine, preferably infantile. Animal repellent The urine of predator species is often used as a repellent against their prey species. Urine plays a role in interspecific communication, since it contains semiochemicals that can act as kairomones. History The fermentation of urine by bacteria produces a solution of ammonia; hence fermented urine was used in Classical Antiquity to wash cloth and clothing, to remove hair from hides in preparation for tanning, to serve as a mordant in dying cloth, and to remove rust from iron. Ancient Romans used fermented human urine (in the form of lant) to cleanse grease stains from clothing. The emperor Nero instituted a tax () on the urine industry, continued by his successor, Vespasian. The Latin saying ('money does not smell') is attributed to Vespasian – said to have been his reply to a complaint from his son about the unpleasant nature of the tax. Vespasian's name is still attached to public urinals in France (), Italy (), and Romania (). Alchemists spent much time trying to extract gold from urine, which led to discoveries such as white phosphorus by German alchemist Hennig Brand when distilling fermented urine in 1669. In 1773 the French chemist Hilaire Rouelle discovered the organic compound urea by boiling urine dry. Language The English word urine (, ) comes from the Latin (-ae, f.), which is cognate with ancient words in various Indo-European languages that concern water, liquid, diving, rain, and urination (for example Sanskrit meaning 'it rains' or meaning 'water' and Greek meaning 'to urinate'). The onomatopoetic term piss predates the word urine, but is now considered vulgar. Urinate was at first used mostly in medical contexts. Piss is also used in such colloquialisms as to piss off, piss poor, and the slang expression pissing down to mean heavy rain. Euphemisms and expressions used between parents and children (such as wee, pee, and many others) have long existed. Lant is a word for aged urine, originating from the Old English word referring to urine in general. See also Drinking urine (urophagia) Ureotelic Urine therapy Urolagnia, an attraction to urine Notes References External links Urinanalysis at the University of Utah Eccles Health Sciences Library Urine Chemistry at drugs.com Animal physiology Body fluids Sanitation
The School of Information Sciences, also The iSchool at Illinois, is an undergraduate and graduate school at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign. Its Master of Science in Library and Information Science is currently accredited in full good standing by the American Library Association. The school is a charter member of the iSchool initiative. History The program has its roots in the Science Program at the Armour Institute of Chicago created in September 1893 as part of the strong cultural movement following the Industrial Revolution to professionally educate men and women for the upcoming twentieth century and for the technical world. The public library had come to be seen by most as a "university of the people," and those who were to become the "best librarians" were those formally educated in the trade. Seeking a director, Gunsaulus, the president of the Institute, asked Melvil Dewey to recommend the best person for the job. Dewey recommended Katharine Sharp, who was finishing up her library science degree program in Dewey's school in Albany, NY. Once established, the school became the only library science program in the Midwest and the fourth in the United States. Sharp, in turn, became the library school: "Her enthusiasm, her drive, and her unswerving dedication were the determining factors for the school during its formative years in Chicago as well as the following ten years when she directed the Illinois State Library School on the Urbana–Champaign campus." The school in Chicago, operating off of a technical institute model, began taking on a university structure under Sharp's leadership. The Armour facility did not provide enough collection or classroom space that was needed, and finances were becoming tight. The University of Illinois and the University of Wisconsin were interested in the program, and both universities offered to accept Sharp's program. Sharp chose the University of Illinois, and the program moved to Urbana. The initial location for the library science program was in Altgeld Hall where it remained until 1926. It then moved to the Main Library for the next fifty three years until 1979. The program then relocated to David Kinley Hall until 1993. An additional relocation went underway when the University purchased property from Acacia fraternity's Illinois Heth chapter and moved the school to its current location at Fifth and Daniel Streets. As of August 2021, the School leased an additional two floors in The Hub high rise at 614 E. Daniel Street. The school officially changed its name from the Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS) to the School of Information Sciences in June 2016. Facilities The school is located on the corner of Fifth and Daniel Streets in Champaign, Illinois. It is situated next to the Department of Speech and Hearing Science and across the street from the Department of Psychology. The building was formerly the location of the Acacia and still has functional showers for both men and women along with three kitchens. Other areas, such as the second floor lounge and the doctoral student area, serve as study spots for students. Wireless Internet access is also available in all public areas, and technology support is provided by the department's Help Desk on the second floor. The Help Desk is staffed by current iSchool master's students. In 2021, the school expanded into new spaces on the fourth and fifth floors of the Hub Champaign Daniel building located on the corner of Sixth and Daniel Streets in Champaign. The school is in close proximity to many campus libraries. The University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, one of three campuses of the University of Illinois system, has over 40 libraries; their combined holdings are among the largest in the United States and the world. One such library, The Center for Children's Books, which houses more than 16,000 youth trade books, is located on the bottom floor of the iSchool building on Fifth and Daniel Streets. Curriculum Undergraduate Programs Bachelor of Science in Information Sciences (BSIS) prepares students to use information and data to understand human perspectives, social context, and policy implications. Students focus on designing information systems and services; organizing and evaluating information for diverse users; and interpreting data for use in real-world situations. Bachelor of Science in Information Sciences + Data Science (BSIS+DS) is an interdisciplinary curriculum that combines information sciences, statistics, computer science, and math. The program prepares students to collect, organize, analyze, and store data in ways that help organizations manage processes and make decisions. The BSIS+DS is part of a campus-wide partnership to provide interdisciplinary education in data science. It consists of a collaboration between the iSchool, Gies College of Business, and College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Undergraduate Minors Minor in Informatics focuses on the design, application, use, and impact of information technology, allowing students to become better creators and users of computing technology and to think critically about technology’s role in society. Game Studies and Design Minor fosters critical skills in academic game studies and technical skills in game design. Students learn to think critically about the history, cultural meaning, social impact, ethics, and increasingly significant role of games, gaming, and interactive media in a diverse society. Graduate Programs Master of Science in Library and Information Science (MSLIS) prepares students to connect foundational concepts, theories, and principles of information organization and access within professional contexts. Students will design systems and services to provide access to information, analyze information challenges, and develop the capacity to apply ethical principles in everyday practice. The MSLIS program at Illinois is consistently ranked #1 by U.S. News & World Report. Master of Science in Information Management (MSIM) provides students with training in management and policy; knowledge representation; human-centered design and systems; and data analytics. Graduates will acquire technical and problem-solving skills, along with the leadership necessary to ethically apply those methods to the complex problems faced by organizations and society. Master of Science in Bioinformatics Information Sciences (IS) Concentration prepares students in managing information produced in a range of biomedical settings and in creating healthcare systems that connect the available data and analytics to improve medicine and public health. Joint Degrees MSLIS students can earn joint degrees as follows: MSLIS + MA in History; MSLIS + MA in Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies; MSLIS + MA in African Studies; JD + MSLIS. Doctoral Program Doctorate in Information Sciences expands upon a master’s degree in information science. Students will complete 48 credit hours, a presentation to demonstrate research competency, the field exam, and a dissertation as well as attend talks, meet with international visitors, and participate in School-sponsored events. Certifications, Licensures, and Endorsements Certificate of Advanced Study is a customized approach to expanding a student’s professional career. Students select an area of focus and then design and complete a project that furthers that study. School Librarian Licensure allows MSLIS and CAS students to prepare for careers as instructional partners, teachers, school leaders, information specialists, and program administrators. Students also can pursue a School Librarian Endorsement, Technology Specialist Endorsement, and a Certificate in Teaching Media Literacy. Footnotes References Grotzinger, L. (1992). Remarkable beginnings: The first half century of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science. In ideals and standards: The history of the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1893–1993 (1–22). Champaign, IL: The Graduate School of Library and Information Science. University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Retrieved from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/18680 External links Official website Information schools Library and Information Science 1893 establishments in Illinois
Cabin Crew, also known as Aviators, are an Australian electronic dance music duo, which consists of DJs and record producers, Ben Garden and Rob Kittler ( RobKAY). In 2005 their remix, "Star2Fall", of Boy Meets Girl's 1988 single, "Waiting for a Star to Fall", reached the top 5 of the mainstream charts in Finland and United Kingdom. History Cabin Crew were formed in 2000 as Aviators, a club music duo, in Sydney by Ben Garden, a producer-engineer, and Rob Kittler ( RobKAY), a DJ-producer. The pair had met in a Canberra secondary school but attended different tertiary institutions. Garden had worked in Sydney on production and composition for TV shows since 1999. Kittler had performed in Sydney and Canberra clubs, alongside other DJs. One of their first singles was "Poison to My Mind (I Keep Movin')" (2002) by Aviators featuring Lady K, which was co-written by Garden and Kittler with Kachina Lewis ( Lady K). In 2003 Gardner started working on sampling, "Waiting for a Star to Fall", a 1988 single by Boy Meets Girl. Kittler remembered, "He just thought of the sample and started to play with it. We did the final mix of it in September '03, and that's pretty much the result of what people are hearing now." Despite difficulties in obtaining clearances for the sample, they heard that United Kingdom group, Sunset Strippers had also sampled the same song. Kittler continued, "we'd been trying to get our version cleared since May '04, then Sunset's version popped up. We had the green light given to us by the publishing company but we never heard back from Sony, who happened to own the master." In November 2004 Cabin Crew issued a single, "Star to Fall" (later known as "Star2Fall"), which debuted at No. 34 on the ARIA Club Tracks chart. SonyBMG did not clear the sample for international release by the Australian duo. Instead, the label used Sunset Strippers' version. However, when Boy Meets Girl's vocalist and song writer, George Merrill, heard Cabin Crew's remix of the track, he re-recorded the vocals for them, allowing their version to be released, as "Star2Fall", in late February 2005 via Vicious Vinyl. inthemix reporter observed, "The first mix on the single is a full-on vocal assault; it's the 'Radio Mix'. It opens with a huge uplifting male echoed vocal, and a big bassline. The level of cheese here is 11/10; it's definitely cheesier than your average funky house number." In Australia, Sunset Strippers' and Cabin Crew's singles almost simultaneously entered the ARIA Singles charts in March. "Star2Fall" peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Club Tracks and reached the top 30 on its mainstream singles chart. Tara Thomas of Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), explained how, "both [groups] sampled the same original song at the same time, despite being on opposite sides of the world. Sony granted the Sunset Strippers the rights to the original and denied Cabin Crew. Then, totally out of the blue Boy Meets Girl re-recorded the vocal for Cabin Crew making it possible for our local boys to release the tune as 'Star2Fall'." In March 2005 the group were signed to Ministry of Sound for international releases. Christie Eliezer of Music & Media described how Vicious Vinyl had released, "a press statement to counteract rumours about the track. It has no issues with uncleared samples, and has the blessing of the song's writers." On 28 February 2008, Cabin Crew released "Can't Stop It" on CD-Maxi (CDS/CDM), 12" Vinyl (EP), and digital formats under the Vicious Vinyl label. The Mind Electric mix appeared on the various artists album, Vicious Cuts Summer 2008. Discography Singles Notes References External links Myspace Australian electronic dance music groups Australian musical duos Australian house music groups House music duos Electronic dance music duos
Climate change in the Republic of Ireland is having a range of impacts. Increasing temperatures are changing weather patterns, with increasing heatwaves, rainfall and storm events. These changes lead to ecosystem on land and in Irish waters, altering the timing of species' life cycles and changing the composition of ecosystems. Climate change is also impacting people through flooding and by increasing the risk of health issues such as skin cancers and disease spread. Climate change is considered to be the single biggest threat to Ireland according to the head of the Defence Forces of Ireland, Mark Mellett. Greenhouse gas emissions Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions increased between 1990 and 2001 when they peaked at 70.46 Mt carbon dioxide equivalent before decreasing each year up to 2014. In 2015 the emissions increased 4.1%, and in 2016 increased by 3.4% before remaining stable in 2017 and 2018, before decreasing by 4.5% in 2019 from the 2018 levels. Overall, the emissions have increased by 10.1 per cent from 1990 to 2019. The Central Statistics Office also collate and publish data relating to emissions and the effects as recorded in Ireland. In 2017, Ireland had the third highest greenhouse gas emissions per capita in the European Union and 51% higher than the EU-28 average of 8.8 tonnes. The world average in 2016 was 4.92 tonnes. Sources 71.4% of the emissions in 2019 came from energy industries, transport and agriculture, with agriculture the single largest contributor at 35.3%. In Irish agriculture, the two most important greenhouse gases are methane and nitrous oxide. 60% of Irish agricultural emissions come directly from animal agriculture, primarily as a result of methane-producing enteric fermentation from cattle. A further 30% derive from soils fertilised by manures, synthetic fertiliser or animal grazing on pasture. Impacts on the natural environment Temperature and weather changes Between 1890 and 2008, the mean temperature recorded in Ireland measured an increase of 0.7 degrees Celsius, with an increase of 0.4 degrees Celsius between 1980 and 2008. Other indicators of a warming climate identified by the Environmental Protection Agency are ten of the warmest recorded years occurring since 1990, a decrease in the number of days with frost and a shorter season in which frost occurs, and increased annual rainfall in the north and west of the country. An increase in the active growing season has been recorded, as well as an increase in animals arriving in Ireland and its surrounding waters which are adapted to warmer conditions. A 2020 study from the Irish Centre for High-End Computing indicated that Ireland's climate is likely to change drastically by 2050. Annual average temperatures could climb to 1.6 °C above pre-industrial levels under RCP8.5, with the east of Ireland seeing the highest increase, resulting in a "direct impact" on public health and mortality. The study also predicted the number of frost days to decrease between 68 and 78 per cent, summer precipitation to decrease by up to 17%. In June 2023, there was a Category 4 (extreme) marine heatwave in Irish waters, with some regions experiencing a Category 5 (beyond extreme) increase in temperatures. During this heatwave sea surface temperatures reached their highest ever recorded in Irish waters. Ecosystems Temperature changes risk disrupting or changing the timing of the life cycle of plant and animal species across the country. For example, the timing of leaf unfolding in Irish beech trees has become steadily earlier since the 1970s. Changes to the timing of life cycle events (phenology) can result in temporal mismatches between species, as not all species and life history events are equally responsive to temperature. Such changes may result in disruption of previously synchronised ecosystem function, resulting to changes in species composition and functioning of Irish ecosystems. Ocean acidification has been recorded in the waters off at Ireland since records began in 1990 by the Marine Institute. This is caused by the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide into the ocean. In addition to acidification, Irish waters are becoming warmer and less salty, causing harm to marine life. Harmful algae are becoming more abundant in Irish waters, not just in warmer months, potentially harming ocean creatures such as shellfish. Impacts on people Sea level rise and flooding One of the greatest threats is to coastal and low lying regions from sea level rise, alongside increased rainfall and storm events. 40% of the population live within 5 km of the coast, and 70,000 Irish addresses are at risk of coastal flooding by 2050. Sea levels have risen around by 40 cm around Cork since 1842, approximate 50% greater than previously expected. The rate of sea level rise around Dublin is approximately twice the global rate. Storm surges also have an increased risk of occurring with rising temperature, with climatologists predicting that Ireland is overdue a 3m storm surge. In addition to coastal flooding, flooding due to increased groundwater levels is also a risk. Drought An increase in water shortages are expected due to periods of drought, and a decrease in water quality. Health impacts Adverse health issues relating to climate change have also been identified by the Irish Health Service Executive, including increased risk of skin cancers, waterbourne, foodborne and respiratory diseases. Mitigation and adaptation Policies and regulation The previous governing policy on mitigation, the 2017 National Mitigation Plan, was quashed by the Irish Supreme Court in August 2020. The Court ruled that the plan was contrary to the 2015 Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Act. Agencies, such as the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), have formulated a number of projects aimed at providing alternatives to current energy sources and the movement away from the contributing factors of climate change. These include the GSI's research into geothermal technologies and carbon sequestration. Climate change Bill 2021 On 23 July, the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Bill 2021 was signed into law by the President. The bill creates a legally binding path to net zero emissions by 2050. Five-year carbon budgets produced by the Climate Change Advisory Council will dictate the path to carbon neutrality, with the aim of the first two budgets creating a 51% reduction by 2030. The five-year budgets will not be legally binding. Despite being touted as "ambitious" by the Irish Government, the bill came under heavy criticism from Irish environmentalists and scientists. Amendments passed by the Seanad on 9 July allow the Government, rather than the Climate Change Advisory Committee to determine how greenhouse gas emissions are calculated and taken into account. Climate scientist and IPCC author John Sweeney argued that these amendments "depart from the scientifically established methodology and give discretion to the Government to decide what to measure, how to measure it, and what the removals will be and how they are counted". See also Plug-in electric vehicles in the Republic of Ireland Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland Climate change in the United Kingdom References External links Met Éireann's work on Climate Change Ireland Environment of the Republic of Ireland Ire
Feliksin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Garwolin, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Garwolin and south-east of Warsaw. References Feliksin
Hilde Eisler (born Brunhilde Rothstein: 28 January 1912 – 8 October 2000) was a political activist and journalist. In 1956 she took over as editor in chief of Das Magazin, a lifestyle and fashion magazine in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), noteworthy according to Eisler herself when interviewed in 1988 as the first and for some years the only magazine in East Germany to feature nude pictures. Eisler is sometimes described as a German journalist of Jewish provenance. She was born in what was, at the time, the Austro-Hungarian empire. Because of the frontier changes mandated in 1919, as a young woman she carried not a German or Austrian passport, but a Polish one. She did come from a Jewish family, though on account of her non-stereotypical blonde hair and blue eyes this was not immediately obvious to Gestapo officers and other government officials with whom, usually on account of her record of Communist involvement, she came into contact after the Nazi power seizure of 1933. She spent most of 1935 in prison and escaped into exile from Germany in 1936. During the late 1940s, when she was living in the United States, her communist background (along with her acquisition by this time of a communist husband) attracted unwelcome intervention in her life from those who took their political lead from Senator McCarthy. At the end of June 1949 she was expelled from New York and returned to Berlin. Life Family provenance and childhood Brunhilde Rothstein was born in Ternopil, a major city and administrative centre in the eastern part of Galicia which at that time was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Her father was a Jewish merchant, and it was in connection with his work that when she was six months old the family relocated to Antwerp in Belgium. Two years after that war broke out and her father was conscripted into the Austrian army (but would survive the experience). Her mother now found herself identified as an enemy alien and in 1914 the two of them moved again, this time to Frankfurt am Main in Germany, where her mother's parents had been based for many years. It was in Frankfurt that Brunhilde Rothstein grew up, in moderately comfortable circumstances. She attended the city's Jewish lyceum (secondary school) and was a member of the Jewish Pathfinder Association. She would later describe her childhood in Frankfurt as "beautiful and protected" (" ... eine schöne und behütete Kindheit"). Work and politics In 1929/30 she undertook a training in the book trade, after which, still aged only eighteen, she moved to Berlin where, between 1930 and 1934, she was employed by the Marx-Engels publishing house. The period was one of growing political awareness: in 1931 Brunhilde Rothstein joined the Communist Party. In January 1933 the Nazi party took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. The Reichstag fire at the end of February 1933 was immediately blamed on "communists", and it was individuals and institutions connected with the (now illegal) Communist Party that found themselves at the top of the government target list. The Marx-Engels publishing house, where Rothstein worked, was owned by the Moscow-based Marxism–Leninism Institute and the Nazis closed it down. Acting on instructions from the institute back in Moscow she now went each day to the main public library in central Berlin where she borrowed, and the copied out any articles she could find on or by Karl Marx, then delivering the copies to the Soviet embassy. This activity ceased after the library director banned her because, as he put it, he did not want a nice German girl corrupted with Marxist literature. It was as she recalled the incident many years later that she wryly added that, with her blonde hair and blue eyes, it would never have occurred to anyone that she might be Jewish. Nazi Germany The party central committee then ordered her to Basel to work with an operation that involved producing "disguised anti-fascist literature". She was to work as a courier, traveling back into Germany with the leaflets in her luggage. She managed twelve such missions, but early in 1935 she was caught on the thirteenth trip. There followed a year in prison and a trial for "treason". Although most sources indicate that the imprisonment came after the trial, Eisner's own recollection, published in an interview in 1988, indicates that once the case came to trial the decision was taken to deport her to Poland, since she had a Polish passport. It would certainly have been quite usual, at this time, for someone caught smuggling communist literature into Germany to spend a year in pre-trial "investigative detention" before facing trial and sentencing. In any event, early in 1936 she was taken to Poland, one of a group transported in sealed railway trucks ("in plombierten Bahnwagen") as far as Frankfurt an der Oder (not, at that time, a frontier city) where they were trans-shipped into open lorries (trucks), while Frankfurters threw stones at them. The trucks nevertheless delivered them to Poland from where, helped by relatives, Brunhilde Rothstein made her way via Prague to Paris where she arrived before or during 1937. French exile Paris was by now established informally as the western headquarters of the German Communist Party in exile. In 1937 she started working for "Deutsche Freiheitssender 29.8", a radio operation which provided broadcasting facilities for and on behalf of the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. The radio station transmitted initially from Madrid, but celebrity supporters (and others) unable or unwilling to make their way across war torn Spain, including Bertolt Brecht, Albert Einstein, Ernest Hemingway and Thomas Mann, were also able to speak on the station from an improvised studio in Paris. The radio station therefore retained a small editorial team in Paris of which Rothstein was a member. Another member was the communist political activist Gerhart Eisler whom, a few years later, she would marry. Escape from Europe Following the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 and the German invasion of France in May/June 1940 most of the German political exiles in France were suddenly identified as enemy aliens and arrested. As the holder of a Polish passport, Brunhilde Rothstein was not arrested. She supported herself with a series of casual jobs, at one stage wrapping sweets (candies) for a living. By this time it appears that Brunhilde Rothstein and Gerhart Eisler had become "more than just friends". Gerhart Eisler was interned by the French in 1939, but in 1941 he became a beneficiary of an offer of political asylum for Spanish Civil War veterans by the Mexican government. He was now permitted to emigrate from France to Mexico, with Rothstein who was registered on relevant documentation as his fiancée. Their destination changed when the ship on which they were travelling was torpedoed, with the result that they ended up not in Mexico but in Trinidad where the British promptly interned them. After some weeks they were permitted to resume their journey, now required to board a ship to New York City. Despite being in possession of a transit permit, they were then interned for three months on Ellis Island, since 1892 New York's (and the United States') principal immigration station. A fellow internee was Anna Seghers. The country was still formally not participating in the war, but the government had nevertheless recently issued a blanket ban on German or Austrian nationals seeking to travel to Latin America via the USA. Several months later, following a successful lobbying campaign by stateside friends, Eisler and Rothstein were permitted to enter the United States on a short term permit. Over the next few years their short term permits were repeatedly renewed. On 24 August 1942 Rothstein married Eisler (as his third wife) and they made their home in the Queens district of New York. Expulsion from America Gerhart Eisler worked as a journalist in New York. Available sources are silent on Hilde Eisler's activities there. War ended in May 1945 and Gerhart Eisler was keen to return to Europe. Hilde would have preferred to stay in New York. Towards the end of 1945 she found out that her parents and sister had been murdered in the Nazi concentration camps. Many relatives had met the same fate. But if she had let her husband return home without her she would, as she later told an interviewer, have "found no sympathy with ... American friends" if she "would have, so to speak, deserted [their marriage]". A major complication came in February 1947 when her husband was arrested. Following the formal end of the war, in May 1945, they had been under growing police surveillance in the context of the Cold War tensions of the time. Gerhart Eisler was denounced as a Soviet agent by a party comrade (possibly his sister, from whom he had been estranged since 1933) and accused by the authorities of having lied about his Communist Party links on his immigration application. The case against Gerhart Eisler became increasingly politicised. Press reports surfaced indicating that Eisler was the "boss of every red, directly controlled by the Kremlin". Hilde traveled across the country, from New York to Hollywood, gathering support and money to fund her husband's defense. However, in May 1949, temporarily at liberty pending his final appeal, Gerhart Eisler managed to escape by pretending to be blind and smuggling himself on board a Polish liner, which then dropped him off unceremoniously in London from where, after several further unpleasantnesses, he was freed and permitted to move on to Germany. Following discovery of her husband's disappearance, Hilde Eisler was immediately arrested. She was invited to inform on her husband, in return for which her US interrogators offered to give her a permanent visa. Disclosing how he had escaped as a stowaway on a Polish ship (at a time before news of his discovery on board by the liner's crew had been received) would have amounted to a betrayal, however. Given that continuing renewal of her temporary immigration permits was no longer an option, there was no question of her being able to remain in the United States. Having found no evidence-based reason to detain her further, after six weeks imprisonment the authorities released Hilde Eisler and she was expelled via Ellis Island at the end of June 1949. Back in Berlin Berlin, to which the Eislers returned, was now surrounded by a large section of Germany which was being administered as the Soviet occupation zone. They had no home to go to and lived, initially, with Wilhelm Pieck (the future president of East Germany) and his daughter. Hilde Eisler found a city transformed, and not just by bombs and Soviet artillery. In the city which had been her home thirteen years earlier there was no one left who knew her. Antisemitism and racism were forbidden, but this was nevertheless the heart of the Nazi state which had murdered her family. While Gerhart quickly resumed his contacts and embarked on a largely political career, Hilde started to create a future for herself, while her husband took on the leadership of the Office for Information. On arriving in Berlin she and Gerhart had lost no time in joining the Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED). 1949 was the year in which the Soviet occupation zone was relaunched as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic, and the SED, established under contentious circumstances just three years earlier, was aggressively consolidating its role as the ruling party in a new kind of single-party German dictatorship. Hilde Eisler became a member of the "Defence Committee for Victims of American Reactionism". At some stage she embarked on a career in journalism. In 1952/53 she worked as deputy chief editor of the newspaper "Friedenspost", where she worked with Rudi Wetzel. During 1953 she worked as a translator. It was also in 1953, in December, that with Wetzel and others she was a co-founder of Wochenpost, a weekly magazine covering politics, economics and culture which would quickly become East Germany's leading weekly magazine in terms of circulation. In 1954 she was appointed deputy chief editor of Das Magazin, newly founded at the start of that year Das Magazin was also party approved and mainstream, but its focus was on culture and lifestyle. Unlike most East German publications, it has survived the demise of East Germany as a separate state, and its website currently (2016) asserts that some people referred to it as "The New Yorker of the east". Eisler took over from Heinz Schmidt as editor in chief starting with the June 1956 issue. Regardless of any comparisons with The New Yorker, she demonstrated political and journalistic skill in steering the publication for two decades or more, providing what the magazine itself describes as "an unusual mixture of journalism and literature". It was the only mass circulation magazine in East Germany that regularly featured photographs and reports from beyond the Iron Curtain. Eisler's time in New York and her talent for networking meant that she had contacts with foreign writers that other editors lacked, and Das Magazin published contributions on fashion from Vienna, London and Florence. According to Eisler, it was nevertheless the nude pictures which attracted the most reader reaction: one correspondent asked why there were no pictures of naked men and another reader complained that in a previous edition the only naked picture had been one showing the subject from behind. Even if the subject matter was non political, it is noteworthy that the publication acknowledged and published some critical letters along with the adulatory ones. Hilde Eisler retired in 1976 or 1979 (sources differ) but retained her links with Das Magazin till her death in 2000. Awards and honours 1965 Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze or silver 1977 Patriotic Order of Merit in gold 1982 Order of Karl Marx 1987 Patriotic Order of Merit gold clasp References Communist Party of Germany politicians Communists in the German Resistance German people of Polish-Jewish descent Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States Socialist Unity Party of Germany members East German journalists East German women Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit Recipients of the Banner of Labor 1912 births 2000 deaths Escapees from German detention German escapees
The Village of Clarkston is located in the southern part of Independence Township, Michigan along M-15. The Village of Clarkston was designated a Michigan State Historic Site on January 16, 1976 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 15, 1979. The Clarkston Village Historic District includes Buffalo Street, Church Street, Clarkston Road, Depot Road, Holcomb Street, Main Street (M-15), Miller Road, Waldon Road and Washington Street. The Clarkston Village Historic District includes over 100 historic structures. Architecture The Village of Clarkston was listed as an historic site because of its architecture and its historical significance. There are many preserved Queen Anne style architecture homes in the village. In addition, the house styles include Bungalow, Colonial Revival, Empire, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, Mansard, Stick Style, Tudor Revival and Vernacular architecture. History The first land purchases were made nearly a decade earlier, in 1823, by the Williams family of Waterford Township. By 1831, early inhabitants like Linus Jacox, Butler Holcomb, John and Thomas Beardslee and Melvin Door established homesteads, and it was not long before more settlers from New York and New Jersey arrived. They included Jeremiah Clark in 1832, followed by his brother, Nelson, who built his home in 1839 in what would become the Village of Clarkston. It still stands at 71 N. Main Street. The Clarks built a sawmill and gristmill, started a fish hatchery, and opened a general store. In 1840 they platted the village and two years later, in 1842, grateful settlers voted to name the village Clarkston. Growth By 1877, the Clarkston area grew to include nearly 1,400 residents as well as thriving farms and businesses. The village was home to several stores, including furniture, clothing and jewelry shops, as well as hotels, wagon makers, harness makers, liveries and three physicians. The first school, Sashabaw School, was built in 1834 at the corner of Maybee Road and Pine Knob Road. The Union School was built in 1840 in the center of the village. The Methodist Episcopal Church [b. 1873] on Buffalo Street and The First Baptist Church [b. 1847] on Main Street were both established in the mid 1800s. Transformation Once the railroad was established in 1851, tourists from Detroit and Pontiac discovered Clarkston's lakes, farms and woodlands. It wasn’t long before hotels like the Demarest House, Vliets-On-The-Hill and Deer Lake Inn were built to accommodate the influx of summer visitors, and a new opera house on the top floor of the downtown Maccabees Building kept them entertained. The transformation of Clarkston was complete with the invention of the automobile. Roads that were once Native American trails were paved and widened for this new mode of transportation. The Saginaw Trail, now known as Dixie Highway, was paved as early as 1920, and Main Street (M-15) was paved around 1922. The expanding national highway system brought I-75 through the Clarkston area in 1962, spurring both business and residential development. Many farms gave way to subdivisions and strip malls as the Clarkston area continued evolving into a northern Detroit suburb. References National Register of Historic Places in Oakland County, Michigan Michigan State Historic Sites Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Terramar is located in Carlsbad, California. It is a small oceanfront neighborhood community developed by William Cannon in the 1950s. It has its own Association called the Terramar Association, with a set of rules. The Terramar Association has a quarterly newsletter called the Terramar Tides. Terramar has a number of breaks, but is primarily known as a longboard break. It has private (gated) access to the beach (not all homes in this neighborhood are oceanfront). The beach access consists of a "Deck" that is elevated above the ocean and has benches, tables, BBQ, surfboard rack, and outdoor shower. References Neighborhoods in Carlsbad, California
Maschenka (Russian: Машенька, Mashen'ka; English: Mary) is a 1987 international film adaptation of the debut novel by Vladimir Nabokov, first published under his pen name V. Sirin in 1926. The film was directed by John Goldschmidt from a screenplay by John Mortimer and stars Cary Elwes as Ganin and Irina Brook as Maschenka. Plot The story, said by Nabokov to be semi-autobiographical, is of Lev Glebovich Ganin, a Russian émigré who has been displaced by the Russian Revolution. Now living in a boarding house in Berlin, Ganin discovers that his long-lost first love, Maschenka, is the wife of the rather unappealing boarder next door, Alfyrov, and that and she is on her way to rejoin her husband. This knowledge, combined with the incessant recitation of his memories of old Russia by another boarder, Podtyagin, sends him into a state of reverie. Ganin contrives a complex scheme in order to reunite with Maschenka, who he believes still loves him. Cast Production The motion picture was filmed on location in Berlin, West Germany and in Helsinki and Katajanokka, Finland. For the sequence depicting Maschenka's arrival by train the producers rented the Russian Imperial Finnish train that once belonged to the Romanov family. The filming was shadowed by the Chernobyl disaster. Actor Cary Elwes later recounted, Awards Goldschmidt won the Cine De Luca Award for Directing at the Monte Carlo TV Festival. References External links Mashenka at Internet Movie Database Mashenka at Film 4 1987 films German romance films German drama films West German films British romance films British drama films French romance films French drama films Swedish romance films Swedish drama films English-language German films English-language French films English-language Swedish films Films based on Russian novels Films based on works by Vladimir Nabokov Films set in Berlin Films set in Russia 1980s English-language films 1980s British films 1980s French films 1980s German films 1980s Swedish films
Concerto for seven wind instruments, timpani, percussion, and string orchestra (published as Concerto pour sept instruments à vent, timbales, batterie et orchestre à cordes) is a composition by the Swiss composer Frank Martin. Composed in 1949 for the Bern Musikgesellschaft, the first movement, Allegro, opens with the string players only, with the percussion only gradually coming to the forefront. The haunting second movement Adagietto is marked "mysterious and elegant", and is hallmarked by an ostinato figure on the strings, initially pizzicato before being taken up by the ensemble. Martin himself characterised the slow movement as being: based entirely on a steady two-time beat, which serves as an accompaniment to the melodic elements: sometimes serene, sometimes dark and violent. A lyrical phrase first heard in the bassoon's upper register is repeated by the trombone with a gentle nobility at the conclusion. The conductor Ernest Ansermet remarked that this movement called to mind an aria of Bach while at the same time seeming quite modern. The Allegro vivace finale features a series of solos, effectively a sonata rondo before the coda for full orchestra. The Concerto, along with his Petite Symphonie Concertante, has proved to be one of Martin's most enduring works, having been recorded several times since its premiere at Bern under the German conductor Luc Balmer in October 1949. The work lasts for about twenty minutes: in the recordings below, Ernest Ansermet conducts it in under 19' whilst Matthias Bamert takes almost 22'. Recordings Winterthur Symphony Orchestra, Victor Desarzens, Nixa Records Suisse Romande Orchestra, Ernest Ansermet, Decca Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Jean Martinon, RCA Records West Flemish Orchestra, Dirk Varendonck, Harmonia Mundi Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Ernest Ansermet, Orfeo Records Chamber Orchestra of Europe, Thierry Fischer, Deutsche Grammophon Suisse Romande Orchestra, Armin Jordan, Erato Records London Philharmonic, Matthias Bamert, Chandos Records Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Riccardo Chailly, Decca National Orchestral Association, John Barnett, Carnegie Hall Recording Co. (acetate) Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra, Patrick Fournillier, Slovenska filharmonija References 1949 compositions Compositions by Frank Martin Concertos for multiple instruments
Fernando Eduardo da Silva Pais (1905 –1981) was a Portuguese Army officer best known for being the last leader of the PIDE, the political police of the right-wing, authoritarian Estado Novo government in Portugal. Early life Silva Pais was born in the parish of Barreiro in the Setúbal District of Portugal on 16 November 1905. After studying engineering, he enlisted as a recruit in 1926 and attended military school in 1927. He married Armanda Palhota, with whom, in 1935, he had a daughter, Annie Silva Pais, who would become a supporter of the communist government in Cuba. In 1943, he was promoted to captain. On 6 April 1962 he was appointed director of the Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (PIDE) by the prime minister, António de Oliveira Salazar. Director of PIDE The PIDE was responsible for finding, imprisoning, interrogating and torturing political opponents of the government. There were many deaths in custody. In 1965, the former candidate for president, Humberto Delgado, and his Brazilian secretary, Arajaryr Campos, were assassinated close to the Spanish border, where they had been attempting to re-enter Portugal. Silva Pais always denied any involvement with this, although it is generally believed that Delgado was shot by Casimiro Monteiro, a PIDE agent. Arrest and death During the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, that led to the overthrow of the Estado Novo, he allegedly ordered agents to open fire on the crowd that gathered in the streets of Porto, but this order was not respected. Silva Pais remained in his office in Lisbon overnight and surrendered early on the morning of the 26th. According to him, António de Spínola, who would become the first president after the revolution, told him that he had 24 hours to leave the country, but he refused and was arrested on 27 April and detained in Caxias prison. He eventually went to trial regarding the Delgado Case, but all proceedings were dropped after his death, on 27 January 1981. Aftermath A play inspired by his daughter's time in Cuba, performed at the D. Maria II National Theatre in Lisbon, suggested that he was responsible for Delgado's death. The theatre's administration was sued by his nephews, who argued that the play defamed their uncle. In 2011 it was announced that the legal action had been unsuccessful. References 1905 births 1981 deaths Estado Novo (Portugal) People from Setúbal District
John Henry Miller (1702 Waldeck, Germany – 31 March 1782 (sometimes only referred to as Henry Miller) Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) was a printer and publisher who worked in the Thirteen Colonies, most notably for Benjamin Franklin and William Bradford. Miller was born in the principality of Waldeck in Germany on the Upper Rhine, March 12, 1702, where his parents then resided. He came to America and was employed by Benjamin Franklin and William Bradford to superintend their German printing as a translator of German into English. He published the Gazette of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1752, and from 1762 to 1779 Der Wöchentliche Philadelphische Staatsbote. He did a large business throughout the colonies in printing almanacs, laws, school books, and the classics, and in reprinting English and German works. See also Early American publishers and printers German American journalism List of early American publishers and printers Notes References 1702 births 1782 deaths American publishers (people) American printers People from Pennsylvania German emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a rather common disorder in which the spine starts abnormally curving sideways (scoliosis) at the age of 10–18 years old. This disorder generally occurs during the growth spurt that happens right before and during adolescence. In some teens, the curvature is progressive, meaning that it gets worse over time, however this is rare, since it is more common for this variant of scoliosis to show itself as a mild curvature. Signs and symptoms Since most cases of AIS are mild, teens with the condition typically don't show any obvious signs such as pain. Most symptoms associated with AIS consist of physical features that would not normally be present in a teenager without the condition, these include asymmetry of the waist, shoulders, and legs (the latter involving length), prominence of the shoulder blades, abnormal walking, leaning towards one side of the body in a constant basis, tilting of the pelvis, and elevation of the hips. Signs that aren't involved with the body itself include the finding that clothes don't fit as well as they should be doing. Complications Most patients with AIS don't go on to develop health complications due to the fact that most cases of the condition are usually non-progressive and/or mild to moderate in severity. Those who do develop complications usually are part of the smaller group of AIS patients with severe cases, the most common health complications among this group of patients are abnormalities that involve the lungs (such as bilateral reduction in lung volume), these abnormalities usually result in impairments of the respiratory function ranging from mild to severe. Other complications associated with severe scoliosis include internal intrathoracic organ displacement and the disruption of appropriate rib movement. Back pain is the most common of complications that are sometimes experienced by patients with non-severe cases and patients with severe cases alike. Patients with extremely severe cases of AIS (usually more than 100° Cobb angle) don't typically live for long and generally die prematurely. Causes The cause of this disorder in most teens is generally unknown. Although it is thought to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetics 30% of teens with the disorder have a family history of AIS, although most of them don't have a known genetic cause (that is, a gene and mutation that can be identified as the main/partial culprit for the condition). Various genetic variants have been described in medical literature as capable of increasing one's susceptibility of developing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Some of those genes include: CHD7 In a study done in 2006, genomewide linkage scans were performed on 130 patients from 53 families where adolescent idiopathic scoliosis segregated as a familial trait, these scans narrowed the AIS loci in these families to the 8q12 locus (in chromosome 8). Further genetic testing found 23 different polymorphisms in the CHD7 gene of these same patients, all of which were located inside a 116-kb genomic region which consisted of exons 2-4 of the same gene. The authors of the study noted that mutations in this gene are usually involved in the CHARGE syndrome, which has late-onset scoliosis as one of its common associated features. The SNPS were as follows: rs4738813, with the C allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs12544305, with the G allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs9643371, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs1017861, with the G allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs13256023, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs4288413, with the A allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs7000766, with the G allele representing a higher risk of AIS hcv148921, with the A allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs1483207, with the G allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs1483208, with the A allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs1038351, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs7843033, with the C allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs7002806, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs7842389, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs7017676, with the A allele representing s higher risk of AIS hcv509505, with the G allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs4392940, with the A allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs4237036, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs13280978, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs4301480, with the A allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs10957159, with the G allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs10092214, with the A allele representing a higher risk of AIS rs3763591, with the T allele representing a higher risk of AIS The authors believed that the decrease of functional CHD7 protein during the growth spurt that occurs during adolescence predisposed the individuals to their spinal deformity by disrupting normal growth patterns and turning them abnormal. PAX1 In a study done in 2015, evidence was found for a sex-linked genetic cause of AIS; by performing a genomewide association study on more than 3,000 "idiopathic scoliosis" patients, the authors found that SNPs in the 20p11.2 locus (specifically those located in the PAX1 gene) were associated with a higher chance of developing adolescent scoliosis, moreover, these genetic variants were shown to increase the risk of AIS significantly for women, while barely doing the same for men. They also found that the same genetic variants that increased the risk of AIS also reduced the risk of early-onset hair loss in the participants involved in the study. LBX1 A Japanese study done in 2011 found an SNP associated with an increased risk of developing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Another study (Chinese) done in 2012 supported this same idea. The SNP in question is called rs11190870. This SNP was located in an area 75 kb 3' of the LBX1 gene, an intergenic area that also happened to be close to a separate gene called FLJ41350. The authors of a separate Japanese study (done in 2015) created animal models relating to the gene, said animal models consisted of zebrafishes which were made to have overexpression of the three Lbx1 genes, this overexpression was found to cause early-onset scoliosis in the zebrafish used for the study. A 2021 Chinese study found another SNP (rs1322330) in the gene that was associated with the condition. Participants included 1,980 AIS patients and 2,499 healthy control subjects, all patients and control subjects were of Han Chinese ancestry. "A" was the risk allele for the condition. GPR126 In a different Japanese study done in 2013, researchers found an SNP (rs6570507) which was associated with an increased risk of AIS, said SNP was found in the GPR126 gene, located in chromosome 6. This same SNP is associated with increased length of the trunk in people of primarily European ancestry. A Chinese study done in 2015 found evidence for an association between three SNPS in intronic regions of the gene and AIS. They were as follows: rs6570507 (A>G), with G being the risk allele for AIS rs7774095 (A>C), with C being the risk allele for AIS rs7755109 (A>G), with G being the risk allele for AIS BNC2 An SNP known as rs10738445 increases the risk of AIS, this gene is located in the aforementioned gene, and the risk allele for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is A, while the normal allele is C. It has only been studied in AIS patients of Han Chinese ancestry. SLC39A8 In a study done in 2018, a group of researchers performed an exome-wide association study on more than 1,000 European-American patients with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and found an SNP (rs13107325) which was seen to be strongly associated with the condition in said patients. Other features that were seen to be associated with the 391T scoliosis risk allele included short stature, lower-than-average plasma Mn2+ levels, and a high body mass index. The researchers leading the study decided to do an animal model to simulate the effects of the mutation by engineering zebrafish with homozygous tandem duplications in their SLC39A8 genes, most of said zebrafish developed vertebral and thoracical deformities and were short of body length. NTF3 In a Chinese study done in 2012, 500 patients with AIS were recruited for a genomewide association study, the researchers leading said study found an SNP (rs11063714) in the NTF3 gene which, while not necessarily involved in the patients' AIS itself, was involved in the severity of the scoliosis itself; patients who were homozygous for the A allele (AA genotype) tended to have milder scoliosis than patients who were homozygous for the G allele at the same position (GG genotype), the latter group of patients were more likely to suffer from severe scoliosis, moreover, patients with the AA genotype were more likely to have successful results from brace treatment than those with the GG genotype. FBN1 In a study done in 2014, researchers did whole-exome sequencing on 91 Caucasian patients with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and 331 Caucasian control subjects in order to find rare to very rare genetic mutations that might be deleterious and involved in AIS. The list of mutations that were considered rare by the researchers consisted of coding variants that were absent on the dbSNP database and caused insertions, deletions, frameshift, splice-site, or missense mutations. Rare mutations in the FBN1 and FBN2 genes were found in AIS patients and control subjects alike, the following list consists specifically of the mutations found in the FBN1 gene: T>A missense mutation (p. Ile107Leu) at chr15:48 902 952 T>G missense mutation (p.Asn280Thr) at chr15:48 826 300 T>C missense mutation (p.Gln697Arg) at chr15:48 796 007 T>G missense mutation (p.Asn703His) at chr15:48 795 990 C>T missense mutation (p. Val916Met) at chr15:48 784 766 C>T missense mutation (p.Gly1217Ser) at chr15:48 777 634 G>A missense mutation (p.Pro1225Leu) at chr15:48 777 609 C>T missense mutation (p.Gly1313Ser) at chr15:48 773 879 A>C missense mutation (p. Leu1405Arg) at chr15:48 764 870 A>G missense mutation (p.Met1576Thr) at chr15:48 760 155 C>T missense mutation (p.Arg1850His) at chr15:48 741 087 C>T missense mutation (p.Gly2003Arg) at chr15:48 736 768 A>T missense mutation (p.Asn2178Lys) at chr15:48 726 873 T>A missense mutation (p.Tyr2225Phe) at chr15:48 725 128 A>G missense mutation (p. Ile2585Thr) at chr15:48 712 949 C>T missense mutation (p. Val2868Ile) at chr15:48 703 201 Of the 16 FBN1 mutations listed, three had previously been described as associated with Marfan syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by Marfanoid habitus, joint hypermobility, and cardiac problems. FBN2 The same 2014 study mentioned above also detected mutations in the FBN2 of some of the people they used for the study, they were the following: C>T missense mutation (p.Gly53Asp) at chr5:127 873 139 C>T missense mutation (p.Arg92Lys) at chr5:127 872 157 A>ACTGTA frameshift mutation at chr5:127 782 238 C>T missense mutation (p. Val592Met) at chr5:127 713 520 G>T missense mutation (p.Pro740His) at chr5:127 704 904 G>A missense mutation (p.Arg1021Cys) at chr5:127 681 205 A>C missense mutation (p. Ile1116Ser) at chr5:127 674 750 G>C missense mutation (p. Leu1125Val) at chr5:127 674 724 C>T missense mutation (p.Glu1178Lys) at chr5:127 673 755 C>G missense mutation (p.Gly1271Ala) at chr5:127 671 182 G>T missense mutation (p.Pro2085Thr) at chr5:127 627 260 T>C missense mutation (p. Ile2466Val) at chr5:127 613 647 A>G missense mutation (p.Phe2603Ser) at chr5:127 609 564 C>T missense mutation (p.Gly2620Glu) at chr5:127 607 792 AKAP2 In a 2016 study done on a single Chinese family with familial adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, researchers found a c.2645A>C missense mutation in the AKAP2 gene of affected members by performing whole exome sequencing. Said genetic variant wasn't found in 1,254 AIS patients and 1,232 control subjects in another 2017 Chinese study. All participants in this study were of Chinese descent. Copy number variants In a different study done in 2014, researchers did genomewide copy number variant screening on 143 patients with AIS and in 1,079 control subjects (which consisted of 666 healthy control subjects from a previous bipolar disorder study and 413 patients from a previous congenital clubfoot study). The following list consists of the CNVs found in the participants of the study: 1q21.1 duplication, found in 3 out of the 143 patients with AIS (2.1%) and in 1 out of the 1,079 control subjects (0.09%). Family history examination in the patients with the duplication did not find any reports of intellectual disability or developmental delay, two usual findings in patients with the 1q21.1 duplication syndrome. X chromosome duplication, found in 2 out of the 143 patients (1.4%) and in 1 out of the 529 female control subjects (0.19%). Said patients were female, and thus had a 47,XXX karyotype (instead of the usual 46,XX female karyotype), the only clinical finding that the 2 patients with trisomy X shared was tall stature, with no signs of intellectual disability or developmental delay whatsoever. 2q13 duplication, found in 1 out of the 143 AIS patients and in 7 out of the 1,079 control subjects 15q11.2 deletion, found in 1 out of the 143 AIS patients and in 4 out of the 1,079 control subjects 15q11.2 duplication, found in 1 out of the 143 AIS patients and in 5 out of the 1,079 control subjects 16p11.2 duplication, found in 1 out of the 143 AIS patients and in 2 out of the 1,079 control subjects The only AIS patient with this chromosomal duplication also had spina bifida occulta. Diagnosis This condition can be diagnosed through the use of the following diagnostic methods: Physical examination Asymmetric shoulders Asymmetric leg length Cavovarus Prominent ribs Physical tests such as Adams test MRIs Radiographs For adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to be considered as a diagnostic option in the patient, said patient must be between the ages of 10 and 18 years old. Treatment Treatment for mild cases of AIS (less than 20° Cobb angle) usually consists of regular physical check-ups done in a clinical environment to monitor the deformity, the purpose of these check-ups is to be able to detect possible progression of the deformity early-on to have it properly treated., as well as the use of other methods such as Schroth's method and stretching exercises. Treatment for moderate cases of AIS (between 20 and 40° Cobb angle) usually consists of the usage of bracing of the spine, this usually doesn't correct the deformity in and on itself, but rather, prevents it from progressing any further (that is, progressing into a severe case of scoliosis). Treatment for severe cases of AIS (more than 40° Cobb angle) consists of corrective surgery which usually involves bone grafts and the insertion of proper spinal instrumentation into the spine. The latter treatment methods don't have high post-surgical complication rates. Epidemiology This condition affects between 1-4% of teens (1 in 100–1 in 25). But only 0.25% (1 in 400) of them need treatment for it. And an even smaller portion of them die prematurely due to a severe curvature. and the symptoms it causes. AIS is the most common form of idiopathic scoliosis, accounting for around 90% of all cases of IS. Post-surgical complications are most common among people with coexisting health conditions (such as anemia) and males. It appears to be more common among those living in northern latitudes. Although mild curvatures affect females and males equally (incidence-wise), severe curvatures tend to affect female teens more than male teens (also incidence-wise). See also Scoliosis Kyphosis Kyphoscoliosis References Further reading Idiopathic diseases Spine
Friedrich Siebenmann is the name of: Friedrich Siebenmann (otolaryngologist) (1852–1928), Swiss otolaryngologist Friedrich Siebenmann (trade unionist) (1851-1901), Swiss trade unionist
Chekhovka () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pogarsky District, Bryansk Oblast, Russia. The population was 473 as of 2010. There are 4 streets. Geography Chekhovka is located 15 km northeast of Pogar (the district's administrative centre) by road. Glinki is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Pogarsky District
Edward William Rimkus (August 10, 1913 in Schenectady, New York – May 17, 1999 in Long Beach, California) was an American of Lithuanian descent bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He won a gold medal in the four-men event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. He died in Long Beach, California. References Pride of Schenectady: Rimkus made his mark on world stage Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932-56, and since 1964 1913 births 1999 deaths American male bobsledders Bobsledders at the 1948 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1948 Winter Olympics Olympic gold medalists for the United States in bobsleigh
"Elevator Love" is the second single released from Guy Sebastian's third studio album, Closer to the Sun. The single also contained two non-album B-sides, "Never Said Goodbye" and "Wish I Didn't Tell You", as well as an instrumental version of "Elevator Love". It reached No. 11 on the ARIA singles chart, spending 15 weeks in the top 50, and achieved gold accreditation. Music video The music video for "Elevator Love" premiered on 8 November 2006 on the Nine Network. The video for the single features model and former Miss Universe Jennifer Hawkins as Sebastian's love interest. Footage of Sebastian and a backing band playing in a cage-style elevator is interspersed with shots of the couple. At the end of the video, Sebastian and Hawkins appear to kiss as the doors of the elevator close. The clip was filmed in Sydney's Queen Victoria Building. The video was directed by Owen Trevor, through Ticket to Ride, a Sydney production company. Track listing Charts Certifications References 2006 singles Guy Sebastian songs Songs written by Guy Sebastian 2006 songs Songs written by Jarrad Rogers Sony BMG singles
Nordic combined at the 2014 Winter Olympics was held at the RusSki Gorki Jumping Center. The three events took place between 12–20 February 2014. Competition schedule The following is the competition schedule for all three events. All times are (UTC+4). Medal summary Medal table Events Qualification A total of 55 quota spots were available to athletes to compete at the games. A maximum of 5 athletes could be entered by a National Olympic Committee. Competitors were eligible to compete if they have scored points at a World or Continental cup event during the qualification period of July 2012 to 19 January 2014. The top 55 on the Olympic quota allocation list respecting the maximum of 5 per country qualified to compete. Participating nations 55 athletes from 15 nations participated, with number of athletes in parentheses. References External links Official Results Book – Nordic Combined Nordic combined 2014 Winter Olympics Nordic combined competitions in Russia Men's events at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Aaron Burckhard (born November 14, 1963) is an American musician who was the first drummer recruited for Kurt Cobain and Krist Novoselic's rock group that soon came to be known as Nirvana. Burckhard performed as a part of this band until October 1987. Burckhard was no longer a part of Nirvana by the time it recorded its first demo at Reciprocal Recordings in Seattle on January 23, 1988 (Dale Crover of Melvins served as his replacement). With Nirvana Burckhard's drumming can be heard on the first disc of Nirvana's With the Lights Out. He played at the band's first live show, which was a 1987 house party in Raymond, Washington. He also played drums for a radio broadcast on KAOS on May 6, 1987. Burckhard's dismissal purportedly came as a result of his volatile nature which propelled him into frequent physical confrontations with people. An additional complaint against Burckhard was that he did not take his membership with the band as seriously as Kurt Cobain wanted him to. Burckhard frequently skipped practice, which infuriated Cobain. The last straw occurred when Burckhard got Cobain's car impounded after getting arrested for DUI. Post-Nirvana Beginning in 2005, Burckhard has played with the band Attica. In 2011, Burckhard, Clint Mullins, and Mat Watson formed the band Screaming Sons of... In 2013, he joined a new band called Under Sin. References 1963 births Living people Musicians from Oakland, California Grunge musicians Nirvana (band) members 20th-century American drummers American male drummers
Saberi is a Persian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Ali Saberi (born 1973), Iranian lawyer and disability rights activist Boris Bidjan Saberi (born 1978), menswear designer based in Barcelona Kioumars Saberi Foumani (1941–2004), Iranian satirist, writer, and teacher Pari Saberi (born 1932), Iranian drama and theatre director Roxana Saberi, (born 1977) American freelance journalist and pageant winner Iranian-language surnames Persian-language surnames
Aoba or AOBA may refer to: Places Aoba-ku, Sendai Aoba-ku, Yokohama Aoba-dōri Station Aoba Island, also known as Ambae, Vanuatu People Aoba (surname) Organizations American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology Astronomy 4292 Aoba, an asteroid. Other Japanese cruiser Aoba Aoba (train), the name of a train service in Japan Green perilla it:Ninja del Villaggio della Foglia#Aoba Yamashiro
The Alberta Regional Network also known as the ARN was an electronic networking organization in Alberta that links Alberta Credit Unions with ATB Financial. It was disbanded in 2010, concurrently with the introduction of chip cards in Canada. Benefits Customers of ARN members could use credit union and ATB financial ATMs to pay bills, inquire accounts, and deposit money with any other member institution without having to pay fees. References Banking in Canada Interbank networks Companies disestablished in 2010
Can't Stop is a board game designed by Sid Sackson originally published by Parker Brothers in 1980; however, that edition has been long out of print in the United States. It was reprinted by Face 2 Face Games in 2007. An iOS version was developed by Playdek and released in 2012. The goal of the game is to "claim" (get to the top of) three of the columns before any of the other players can. But the more that the player risks rolling the dice during a turn, the greater the risk of losing the advances made during that turn. Equipment The game equipment consists of four dice, a board, a set of eleven markers for each player, and three neutral-colored markers. The board consists of eleven columns of spaces, one column for each of the numbers 2 through 12. The columns (respectively) have 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5 and 3 spaces each. The number of spaces in each column roughly corresponds to the likelihood of rolling them on two dice. Rules On each turn, the player rolls the four dice, then divides them into two pairs, adding up each pair. (For example, a player rolling a 1, 2, 3, and 6 could group them as 5 and 7, 4 and 8, or 3 and 9.) If the neutral markers are off the board, they are brought onto the board on the columns corresponding to these totals. If the neutral markers are already on the board in one or both of these columns, they are advanced one space upward. If the neutral markers are on the board, but only in columns that cannot be made with any pair of the current four dice, the turn is over and the player gains nothing. This is generally called 'going bust.' After moving the markers, the player chooses whether or not to roll again. If the player stops, they put markers of their color in the location of the current neutral markers. If the player restarts this column on a later turn, they start building from the place where they previously placed their markers. If the player does not stop, they must be able to advance one of the neutral markers on their next roll, or lose any advancement made this turn. When a player reaches the top space of a column and claims it then this column is won, and no further play in that column is allowed. A player claims three columns to win the game. The official rules merely say "If you can place a marker, you must...", not stating if that applies before or after a player decides how to subdivide the four dice. This rule is potentially confusing for the following reason: Suppose the player has a neutral marker in the 7-column, with two un-played. The player now rolls 2-2-5-5. Of course, the player wants to declare two sevens. The player still has an unplayed neutral marker, so is the rule interpreted such that the player must place their remaining two neutral markers, playing on 4 and 10? The rule may have only been intended to apply to requiring that all die-pairs be played, if possible. For instance, if the player rolls 3-4-1-2, they may choose to make a 7 and a 3, advancing their 7 marker, and they must also place their 3 marker even though they would prefer to hold it in reserve. Variants Variants exist including Sid's own "Speed" variant, which results in players jumping over their opponents' markers. This variant leads to fast-paced gameplay and a shorter game. For a slower variant, try "Blocking", where players are not allowed to end their turn if one of their markers is on top of another player's marker. Note that this variant makes it very difficult to pass a player with an established position on the columns on the side of the board (like 2 and 12). Another game, Can't Stop Express, was published in 1989 by Hexagames. In Can't Stop Express, players roll dice to score points. A review for the Games International magazine commented that "Like most of Sid's games this is easy to learn yet offers considerable replay value." Reception The game was recommended by the Spiel des Jahres jury in 1982, with the jury stating that "[with] Can't Stop, author Sid Sackson proves that he also knows how to use dice". The reviewer Mikko Saari from Lautapeliopas considered the game to be "very simple" and praised the engagement due to the push-your-luck mechanism. Reviews 1980 Games 100 in Games Games #21 1981 Games 100 in Games 1982 Games 100 in Games Jeux & Stratégie #9 References External links Can't Stop in the Board Game Arena in English Board games introduced in 1980 Dice games Sid Sackson games Parker Brothers games
The Tâmega line (Linha do Tâmega) was a railway line in northern Portugal. It closely followed the course of the Tâmega River. It closed in 2009. History The southern part of the line opened in 1909; it ran between Livração (the junction with the main Douro line) and Amarante in the District of Oporto, near the River Tâmega. The line was eventually opened as far north as Arco de Baúlhe in 1949, the last such extension to Portugal's narrow gauge railway network. Livração station was a junction with the main Douro Valley railway line; it is still served by CP's trains to and from Oporto. Train services were operated by Comboios de Portugal (CP); the three Série 9100 diesel railcars were built in 1949 by the Swedish company NOHAB specifically for use on the Tâmega line. They continued in service until 2002 (when replaced by Série 9500 units, purchased secondhand from Yugoslavia). CP Série 9020 diesel locomotives were also used on the line. Closure The northern section of the line, between Amarante and Arco de Baúlhe, closed in 1990. Arco de Baúlhe station was served by trains for little over 40 years. The remaining part of the line south of Amarante closed in 2009 - ostensibly due to the need for urgent repair work. The Strategic Transport Plan, published by the Portuguese Government in October 2011, showed that the Tâmega line required the highest level of subsidy (at €2.50 per passenger per kilometre) of any railway in Portugal and thus the line was listed for permanent closure. On 1 January 2012 the replacement bus service was also withdrawn. Other narrow gauge railways in the Douro Valley Corgo line - closed 2009 Sabor line - closed 1988 Tua line - closed 2008 See also List of railway lines in Portugal List of Portuguese locomotives and railcars History of rail transport in Portugal References Railway lines in Portugal Metre gauge railways in Portugal Railway lines opened in 1909 Railway lines closed in 2009
Hungarian passports () are issued to Hungarian citizens for international travel by The Central Data Processing, Registration and Election Office of the Hungarian Ministry of the Interior. Every Hungarian citizen is also a citizen of the European Union. The passport, besides the national identity card allows for free rights of movement and residence in any of the states of the European Union, European Economic Area and Switzerland. Types Personal Ordinary passports issued to citizens valid for two, five, or ten years. The five year passport is issued having in mind the following birthday of the applicant, while the ten year passport is issued having in mind the previous birthday of the applicant(For example,if an applicant who is born on the 29th of September 1990, and applies for a 5 year passport on the 1st of November 2021, the passport will be valid until the 29th of September 2027, while the 10 year passport will be valid until the 29th of September 2031. OfficialDiplomatic Service Foreign service Seamen service Physical appearance As of 2022, regular Hungarian EU passports are burgundy red in colour (before a navy blue color was in use), with the Hungarian coat of arms emblazoned in the center of the front cover. The words "útlevél" (passport, or more literally, Roadletter) inscribed below the coat of arms and "Európai Unió" (European Union), "Magyarország" (Hungary) above. The new biometric Hungarian passport has the standard biometric symbol at the bottom. The visa pages have musical notes of the Szózat visible in UV light. The identity information page contains the title and the first eight lines of the National Anthem in the author's handwriting embossed. Identity information page The Hungarian passport includes the following data: Photo of passport Holder Type (P) Code (HUN) Passport No. Surname (1) Given Names (2) Nationality (3) Date of birth (4) Sex (5) Place of birth (6) Date of issue (7) Date of expiry (8) Authority (9) Holder's Signature (10) The information page ends with the Machine Readable Zone. This zone contains most of the above information, but readable by a computer through a camera. The names will have all letters converted to the range A-Z. Other letters marks like ´ are stripped. Languages The data page/information page is printed in Hungarian, English and French; translation in all other official languages of the E.U. is present elsewhere in the passport. Passports Visa free travel Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Hungary. Hungarian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 186 countries and territories, ranking the Hungarian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index. Diplomatic passport visa requirements A Hungarian ordinary passport, with visa-free access to all of the world's developed countries, is a very convenient travel document by international standards. However, it is not as handy as a Hungarian diplomatic passport, which has even fewer visa restrictions attached to it. Several countries offer visa-free access to holders of a Hungarian diplomatic passport, but not to ordinary passport holders. This is notably the case with China (since 1992), Russia (since 2001). and India (since 2003). As of July 2009, Hungarian diplomats can enter all G8+5 countries without a visa. The Hungarian diplomatic passport holds the distinction of being the only travel document in the world granting such visa-free entry to all G8+5 member states. See also Visa requirements for Hungarian citizens Passports of the European Union References External links Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in Hungarian, M stands for regular passport) Hungarian passport info on PRADO Hungary Government of Hungary European Union passports
The Basilica of the Immaculate Conception is a historic Catholic church in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. A parish church in the Diocese of St. Augustine, it represents Jacksonville's oldest Catholic congregation. The current building, dating to 1910, was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1992 as the Church of the Immaculate Conception, and was named a minor basilica in 2013. It is located at 121 East Duval Street; its current pastor is Father Nick Bennett. History The congregation was established in about 1845 as a mission of the Catholic parish of Savannah in Georgia, and the first church building was constructed by 1847. Immaculate Conception was designated its own parish in 1854, but the original building was destroyed by Union forces during the American Civil War. A second building was planned shortly after Jacksonville became part of the newly created Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine in 1870, and was completed in 1874. This was destroyed along with most of downtown Jacksonville in the Great Fire of 1901. The current building was designed in 1905 by architect M. H. Hubbard, also the designer of Bethel Baptist Institutional Church. Construction began in 1907 and completed on December 8, 1910, when the building was dedicated. The structure is an example of Late Gothic Revival architecture, considered one of the best such examples in Florida, featuring a cruciform floor plan, pointed arches, tracery on the windows, buttresses and pinnacles, high spires, and a high vault on the interior. The building's steeple, topped by a gold-plated cross, was the highest point in the city for three years until the Heard National Bank Building was finished in 1913. In 1979, the church received solemn dedication, meaning the structure cannot be demolished willfully or converted to another purpose besides a church. On December 30, 1992, it was listed in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Beginning in 2005 the church sought designation as a minor basilica from the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments due to its history. The request was renewed in 2013 by Bishop Felipe de Jesús Estévez and granted; the designation was announced on August 15, 2013. References External links Official website Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs Duval County listings Basilica churches in Florida Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Augustine Churches in Jacksonville, Florida History of Jacksonville, Florida National Register of Historic Places in Jacksonville, Florida Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida Downtown Jacksonville 1845 establishments in Florida Roman Catholic churches completed in 1910 20th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
Dana Prieto is an American far-right politician who is the Oklahoma Senate member from the 34th district. Early life and career Dana Prieto grew up in and graduated from high school in western New York, where he ran a floor clean company before moving to Oklahoma in 1991. After moving to Oklahoma, he attended Rhema Bible College in Broken Arrow. Prior to running for elected office, he worked in search engine marketing. 2018 campaign Prieto campaigned for the Republican nomination in Oklahoma's 36th Senate district in 2018. He credits volunteering for one of Nathan Dahm's campaign's as encouraging him to run for office. He lost the primary election to John Haste. Oklahoma Senate Prieto ran for Oklahoma's 34th Senate district in 2022 against incumbent Democratic Senator J.J. Dossett. During the campaign he was endorsed by Christian nationalist organizations Ekklesia of Oklahoma and City Elders. He self-described his politics as "very conservative" and "far right." He defeated Dossett in the November general election and assumed office November 16, 2022. Electoral history References 21st-century American politicians Christian nationalists American far-right politicians Living people Republican Party Oklahoma state senators Year of birth missing (living people)
Ermington is a village and civil parish located approximately south of the town of Ivybridge in the county of Devon, England. The village is in the South Hams district and falls under the electoral ward of Ermington & Ugborough. It is twinned with the commune of Clécy, in Normandy, France and had a parish population of 824 at the 2011 census. It is known well for its crooked church spire, which a pub has been named after. It was home to Edmund Lockyer, who went to Australia and named a town, Ermington, in New South Wales. History Ermington was probably founded soon after 700 at which point the Saxons were in control. It appeared in the Domesday Book as a royal manor. Near the boundary of the parish there is a place, called Penquit, which has probably been continuously inhabited since the Celtic times of Dumnonia. Penquit was recorded in 1238 and is Celtic for "end of the wood". By 1270 the manor house of Strashleigh was the home of the Strashleigh family, also written Stretchleigh, until the heiress Christina Stretchleigh in 1560 married Sir Christopher Chudleigh, grandfather of the adventurer Sir John Chudleigh. Nearby Strode was inhabited by the Strode family from 1238 and probably earlier. Although, since the 15th century, their principal residence has been in Plympton. In the 14th century, its church, named after Saint Peter, was constructed and was later enlarged in the 15th century. Education Ermington's only school is Ermington Community Primary School. It is a state-funded primary school (ages 5–11) following the National Curriculum. The school was first opened in 1879 and has been extended in 1997 and a double classroom was also extended in 1999. The school uniform colours are navy and grey, it has about 150 students, who are transferred to Ivybridge Community College, located about north, for secondary education at the end of year 6. Ermington Primary School is one of only four primary schools in the county of Devon to achieve 100% pass rates (level four and above according to the National Curriculum) in English, Maths and Science at the end of year 6 National Curriculum assessment "SATs". The village also has a small pre-school located within the primary school's grounds. References External links www.ermington.devon.sch.uk, Ermington Primary School website www.ermingtonchurch.org.uk, Ermington's church, St Peter and St Paul, website Villages in South Hams Civil parishes in South Hams
Pistohlkors is the surname of the following people Alexander Pistohlkors (1885–1944), Russian Life Guards officer Alexandra Pistohlkors (1888–1968), wife of Alexander Marianne Pistohlkors (1890–1976), Russian-born aristocrat and actress, sister of Alexander Princess Olga Paley (Olga von Pistohlkors, 1865–1929), Russian nobility, mother of Alexander
Ceratoxanthis saratovica is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in south-eastern European Russia. References Moths described in 2010 Cochylini
Jeff Wilson is an American politician from the state of Vermont. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented the Bennington-4 district in the Vermont House of Representatives from 2008 to 2015. References Democratic Party members of the Vermont House of Representatives Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
Seán Corcoran (1946 – 3 May 2021) was an Irish singer, musician and collector of Irish traditional music. Biography Born in 1946, Corcoran grew up in Clogherhead and Drogheda in County Louth. He began singing at Irish-language Feis Ceoil competitions and while still at school started to seek out local traditional singers. In the 1960s, he was also a member of the Rakish Paddies with Mick Moloney and Paul Brady. From the early 1970s, Corcoran worked as a collector for Breandán Breathnach and also assisted with the music journal Ceol. With Niall Fennell, Dave Smith and Tom Crean he was a member of the vocal group The Press Gang who released an album of the same name in 1976. In 1977, with Eddie Clarke, Maeve Donnelly and Maighread Ní Dhomhnaill, he released the album Sailing into Walpole's Marsh on the Green Linnet label. In the late 1970s he was also the director of Féile na Bóinne, the Drogheda folk music festival. Corcoran went on to study ethnomusicology at Queen's University Belfast and from 1979 worked as a collector of songs and music in West Fermanagh for the Arts Council of Northern Ireland. He also collected for the Irish Traditional Music Archive from 1994 until 2001. Corcoran had lived in England for a number of years with his wife Vera, and died in Buxton in Derbyshire on 3 May 2021 at the age of 74. References 1946 births 2021 deaths Irish musicians Musicians from County Louth
Clara Porchetto (born 29 December 1978) is an Italian former synchronized swimmer who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics. References 1978 births Living people Italian synchronized swimmers Olympic synchronized swimmers for Italy Synchronized swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
The 1989 Polish Speedway season was the 1989 season of motorcycle speedway in Poland. Individual Polish Individual Speedway Championship The 1989 Individual Speedway Polish Championship final was held on 15 October at Leszno. Golden Helmet The 1989 Golden Golden Helmet () organised by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) was the 1989 event for the league's leading riders. The final was held over two rounds. Junior Championship winner - Piotr Świst Silver Helmet winner - Piotr Świst Bronze Helmet winner - Jacek Rempała Pairs Polish Pairs Speedway Championship The 1989 Polish Pairs Speedway Championship was the 1989 edition of the Polish Pairs Speedway Championship. The final was held on 6 July at Leszno. Team Team Speedway Polish Championship The 1989 Team Speedway Polish Championship was the 1989 edition of the Team Polish Championship. Unia Leszno won the gold medal for the third consecutive season. The team included Roman Jankowski, Zenon Kasprzak, Piotr Pawlicki Sr. and Zbigniew Krakowski. First League Second League References Poland Individual Speedway 1989 in Polish speedway
Codium dwarkense is a species of seaweed in the Codiaceae family. The erect to decumbent thallus is attached to a spongy base. It is found in the intertidal and subtidal zones. In Western Australia is found along the coast in Kimberley and Pilbara regions. It is also found off the east coast of Africa, islands of the Indian Ocean and coasts of south west Asia. References dwarkense Plants described in 1937
I camionisti (The Truckers) is a 1982 Italian comedy film directed by Flavio Mogherini and starred by the comedy duo Gigi e Andrea. Plot Ofelia, the handsome operator of a service station, attracts the attentions of several admirers, including her former lover Rocky, a truck driver, and the noble Sir Archibald. Cast Andrea Roncato as Rocky Gigi Sammarchi as Rocky's Colleague Daniela Poggi as Ofelia Cecconi Francisco Cecilio as Sir Archibald Giorgio Bracardi as Driver of Sir Archibald Sergio Leonardi as Chiavica Toni Ucci See also List of Italian films of 1982 References External links 1982 films 1980s buddy comedy films Films scored by Riz Ortolani Films directed by Flavio Mogherini Italian buddy comedy films Trucker films 1982 comedy films 1980s Italian-language films 1980s Italian films
was a after Ten-ei and before Gen'ei. This period spanned the years from July 1113 through April 1118. The reigning emperor was . Change of Era January 20, 1113 : The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Ten'ei 4, on the thirteenth day of the seventh month of 1113. Events of the Eikyū Era 1113 (Eikyū 1, 4th month): Fujiwara Tadasane was named kampaku. 1113 (Eikyū 1, 4th month): Emperor Toba visited the Matsunoo Shrine and the Kitano Tenman-gū. When the emperor visits Shinto shrines, it is always a pleasure party for him. Without this pretext, court etiquette did not permit him to leave the palace. 1113 (Eikyū 1, 10th month): Toba visited the temples on Mount Hiei in the vicinity of Kyoto. 1113 (Eikyū 1, 11th month ): Toba visited the Inari Shrine and the Gion Shrine. Notes References Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ; OCLC 251325323 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128 Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691 Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ; OCLC 6042764 External links National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection Japanese eras 1110s in Japan
Commodores 13 is the tenth studio album (and thirteenth overall, including two greatest-hits compilations and a live album) by the Commodores, released in 1983 on Motown Records. It's also the first album by the band after the departure of Lionel Richie, who began his solo career in 1982. Background Commodores 13 was produced by William King, Thomas McClary, Walter Orange and Milan Williams. Singers Vesta Williams and Melissa Manchester made guest appearances on the album. Track listing Side one "I'm in Love" (Harold Hudson, Shirley King, William King) – 4:05 "Turn Off the Lights" (Shirley King, William King) – 4:20 "Nothing Like a Woman" (Hudson, Walter Orange) – 4:56 "Captured" (Linda McClary, Thomas McClary) – 4:37 Side two "Touchdown" (Michael Dunlap, Orange) – 4:30 "Welcome Home" (Bill Champlin, Thomas McClary) – 4:20 "Ooo, Woman You" (Melissa Manchester, Thomas McClary) – 4:22 "Only You" (Milan Williams) – 4:10 Personnel Commodores Harold Hudson – lead vocals (1, 2, 6), rhythm & vocal arrangements (1, 2, 3), backing vocals (2), additional keyboards (3) William King – rhythm & vocal arrangements (1, 2), synthesizers (2, 3, 4, 6, 7), horns (2, 4, 5, 6, 8) Ronald LaPread – bass guitar (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8), vocal arrangements (3) Thomas McClary – lead & rhythm guitar (2, 3, 5, 7, 8), acoustic & electric guitar (4), rhythm & vocal arrangements (4, 6, 7), horn & string arrangements (4, 6), guitar solo (6), lead vocals (7) Walter Orange – drums (1-8), lead vocals (3, 4, 5, 8), rhythm arrangements (3, 5), vocal arrangements (5) Milan Williams – keyboards (2-7), acoustic piano (8), Fender Rhodes (8), Oberheim synthesizer (8), rhythm & vocal arrangements (8), horn & string arrangements (8) Additional musicians Michael Boddicker – acoustic piano (1), Fender Rhodes (1), synthesizers (1), synth bass (1), synth horns (6), synth strings (6), additional synthesizers (7) David Cochrane – backing vocals (1-7), synthesizers (5, 7), vocoder (5), additional guitar (8) Bill Champlin – backing vocals (1, 3-8), vocal arrangements (6), acoustic piano (6), Fender Rhodes (6), synth bass (6) Michael Dunlap – additional guitar (3, 5), additional keyboards (5), rhythm arrangements (5), rhythm guitar (6), Moog synthesizer (7) Geno Findley – additional synthesizers (7) Michael Lang – additional keyboards (8) Paul Jackson Jr. – additional guitar (8) John Gilston – Simmons drums (7) Steve Schaeffer – additional drums (8) Paulinho da Costa – percussion (1, 3, 6, 7), effects (3) Rolene Marie Naveja – castanets (3) Bruce Miller – horn & string arrangements (1, 2, 3, 5, 8) Shirley King – rhythm & vocal arrangements (2) Gene Page – horn & string arrangements (4) Benjamin White – string arrangements (7) Phyllis St. James – backing vocals (1) Deborah Thomas – backing vocals (2, 4, 6, 7) Tandia Brenda White – backing vocals (5) Vesta Williams – backing vocals (5, 6, 8) Melissa Manchester – backing vocals (7) Production Producers – William King (Tracks 1 & 2), Walter Orange (Tracks 3 & 5), Thomas McClary (Tracks 4, 6 & 7), Milan Williams (Track 8). Executive Recording and Mixing Engineer – Jane Clark Second Recording – Brian Leshon Additional Recording, Second Recording and Additional Mixing – Magic Moreno Additional Mixing – Norman Whitfield Mastering – Bernie Grundman Recorded and Mastered at A&M Studios, Hollywood, California. Mixed at Motown/Hitsville U.S.A. Recording Studios, Hollywood, California and The Village Recorder, West Los Angeles, California. Project Manager – Suzee Ikeda Art Direction – Terry Taylor Photography – Mark Sennet Charts References Commodores albums 1983 albums Motown albums Albums recorded at A&M Studios
Simon Cziommer (; born 6 November 1980) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Career Since he joined FC Twente in 1999 he scored 28 goals for various clubs. He played in UEFA Cup and UEFA Champions League games, the latter with his former club FC Schalke 04. A goalscoring attacking midfielder, Cziommer is known as a good dribbler. He was signed by AZ Alkmaar from Schalke 04 just before the start of the 2006–07 season. In the 2008–09 season, he played on loan with FC Utrecht from AZ and signed on 22 June 2009 to FC Red Bull Salzburg where he played until 2012. On 31 July 2012, Cziommer signed a one-year contract with Vitesse Arnhem from the Eredivisie. After he had been released by Vitesse Arnhem, he trained for a while with his former team AZ. On 2 September 2013, he was signed by Heracles Almelo to be the successor of Lerin Duarte, who had been sold to Ajax. On 31 August 2015, Cziommer reportedly signed a contract with amateur outfit , a student association based in Leiden. Although the news was published and shared by several national media, and retweeted by several Dutch football clubs, the students soon released a statement, confessing Cziommer's move had been a joke. Post-playing career On 14 October 2015, Cziommer announced he had definitely retired from professional football, after not being able to find a club of his approval. Cziommer speaks Dutch fluently and lives in Laren, North Holland. After his football career, he became a player's agent at Stars & Friends. Honours Schalke 04 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2003 Red Bull Salzburg Austrian Football Bundesliga: 2009–10, 2011–12 Austrian Cup: 2011–12 References External links Voetbal International profile 1980 births Living people People from Nordhorn German men's footballers Footballers from Lower Saxony Men's association football midfielders Germany men's B international footballers Bundesliga players Eredivisie players Austrian Football Bundesliga players FC Twente players FC Schalke 04 players Roda JC Kerkrade players AZ Alkmaar players FC Utrecht players FC Red Bull Salzburg players SBV Vitesse players Heracles Almelo players German expatriate men's footballers German expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands German expatriate sportspeople in Austria Expatriate men's footballers in Austria
Rear Admiral Anthony John Rix CB (born 12 August 1956) is a former Royal Navy officer who served as Flag Officer Sea Training. Naval career Educated at Sherborne School and Britannia Royal Naval College, Rix joined the Royal Navy in 1975. He became commanding officer of the destroyer HMS Glasgow in 1995, commanding officer of the frigate HMS Marlborough and commander of the 4th Frigate Squadron in June 1999 and Commodore, Devonport Flotilla in March 2002. He went on to be Director of Corporate Communications for the Royal Navy in January 2003, Commander United Kingdom Task Group in November 2003 and Flag Officer Sea Training in June 2006, with promotion to rear admiral on 4 July 2006. After that he became Chief of Staff to the Commander of Allied Naval Forces Southern Europe in June 2007 before retiring in 2009. Rix was appointed a Companions of the Order of the Bath in the 2009 Birthday Honours. In retirement he became Director of Maritime Security at Salamanca Risk Management and then Business Development and Board advisor at MAST, a maritime security business. References 1958 births Living people Royal Navy rear admirals Companions of the Order of the Bath People educated at Sherborne School
The 2021 Rugby Borough Council election took place on 6 May 2021 to elect members of Rugby Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Results summary Ward results Admirals and Cawston Benn Bilton Clifton, Newton and Churchover Coton and Boughton Dunsmore Eastlands Hillmorton New Bilton Newbold and Brownsover Paddox Revel and Binley Woods Rokeby and Overslade Wolston and The Lawfords By-elections Wolvey and Shilton References Rugby 2021 2020s in Warwickshire
Terra Nova Bay is a bay which is often ice free, about long, lying between Cape Washington and the Drygalski Ice Tongue along the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (known as the Discovery Expedition) under Robert Falcon Scott, 1901–1904, and named by him after Terra Nova, one of the relief ships for the expedition. The Italian permanent Zucchelli Station is located in the bay, as is the Jang Bogo Station of South Korea. Relief Inlet can be found in the south west corner of the Bay. Antarctic Specially Protected Area A marine area of of the bay comprising a narrow strip of coastal waters about long, to the immediate south of Zucchelli Station, and extending to a maximum of from the shore, has been designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA 161). It is an important site for long-term research on the marine ecology of benthic communities. As well as rich and complex sponge and anthozoan communities, the site supports a colony of Adélie penguins at Adélie Cove. References Bays of Victoria Land Scott Coast
Baja: Edge of Control is an off road racing video game developed by American studio 2XL Games and published by THQ for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The game gets its name from the real life Baja 1000 off-road race in Baja California, Mexico, on which it is based. The game is set on over 95 different tracks, including 3 different Baja 250 courses, 2 Baja 500 courses, 1 Baja 1000 course, and has 9 open world environments. Gameplay The game is targeted as an arcade off road racer, very similar to Colin McRae: Dirt and is based on endurance racing across the desert. Multiplayer options include playing other players through Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, System Link and up to 4 player split screen. Reception Baja: Edge of Control received "mixed" reviews on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. The game was nominated for the best racing game of 2008 by GameSpot. Remaster On March 1, 2017, THQ Nordic announced that Baja: Edge of Control would be remastered as Baja: Edge of Control HD for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows with 4K compatibility and improved rendering techniques for shadows, lighting and dust effects. The game was released worldwide in September 2017. Reception The HD version received "mixed or average reviews" on all platforms according to Metacritic. References External links Official website 2008 video games BlitWorks games Multiplayer and single-player video games Open-world video games PlayStation 3 games PlayStation 4 games Split-screen multiplayer games THQ games THQ Nordic games Video games developed in the United States Video games set in Bolivia Video games set in Costa Rica Video games set in Mexico Video games set in the United States Windows games Xbox 360 games Xbox One games 2XL Games games
Norwegian Metrology Service () is a Norwegian government agency responsible for metrology. Its main responsibility is to ensure that all measuring equipment in Norway is trusted nationally and internationally. The agency is subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry. Metrology Service Metrology
Arecacicola is a genus of fungi within the Lasiosphaeriaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Arecacicola calami. References External links Arecacicola at Index Fungorum Lasiosphaeriaceae Monotypic Sordariomycetes genera
Roman Koudelka (; born 9 July 1989) is a Czech ski jumper. Career Koudelka's first world cup start was in Kuusamo on 24 November 2006. He finished in 31st position. He ended the season 39th in the world cup standings with 87 points. The following season he finished 17th in the world cup standings with 411 points. In the 2008/09 season, he finished 16th with 403 points. He tied for 63rd in the 2009/10 campaign with just 20 points. He finished in 16th place in the world cup standings for a second time in the 2010/11 season after scoring 382 points. Koudelka's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fifth in the team large hill event at Liberec in 2009. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, he finished seventh in the team large hill, 12th in the individual normal hill, and 23rd in the individual large hill events. He has finished fourth in the World Cup on five occasions since 2007, most recently in Lillehammer on the smaller hill. In 2009 he was 2nd in the Summer Grand Prix in Courchevel. In 2011 he was third in a ski flying World Cup competition in Harrachov, when he also set his personal best, 211 m. In December 2011, Koudelka fell heavily when he lost his binding while in the air. Koudelka tried to get up after the accident but passed out and was taken to hospital. However, he returned to action in Engelberg a week later. On 12 February 2012, Koudelka finished as runner-up in Willingen to improve his best position in a FIS World Cup event. Koudelka is recognised as an aggressive jumper, but despite his all-or-nothing approach, Koudelka has established himself as a consistent performer with many top-10 finishes in the 2011/12 season. Koudelka has jumped 143 m in Jested, Liberec K120, which is the hill record. Koudelka's skis are made by Fischer, his bindings by WinAir and his boots by Rass. Koudelka speaks both Czech and German. World Cup Standings Wins External links 1989 births Living people People from Turnov Czech male ski jumpers Olympic ski jumpers for the Czech Republic Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics Ski jumpers at the 2014 Winter Olympics Ski jumpers at the 2018 Winter Olympics Ski jumpers at the 2022 Winter Olympics Sportspeople from the Liberec Region
Kalapani refers to the Indians who crossed the sea to live in the UK during the British regime in 18th and 19th century. The process of crossing the seas was called Kalapani and was banned in major Indian religions at that time. Expatriates were mainly sailors and servants who used to live with their British masters. A large number of concubines accompanied their men as well. In most parts, they went in an agreement to come back after a certain period of time which they failed in many cases. Many of them turned into beggars or prostitutes as a result. Later a law was passed to ensure the rights of expatriates. Sailors In 1803 there were more than two hundred sailors and by the year 1807, the number crossed over a thousand. Most of them were unable to return for lack of money and many were tortured and even killed by British captains. A company regulation was passed to protect their rights which merely protected them from dangers. Sailors had to escape and live in Britain to avoid death and torture. Despite having higher risks, sailors travelled to the UK for a better living. They were paid significantly higher than the farmers and fishermen. Servants Many servants who worked in British families living in India went to live with their masters in Britain. Revealing from their names it is found out that most of them were Muslims. They came basically from the Northern and Western part of India. Munshi Sailing was not prohibited in Islam and many Muslims went to the UK as a result. Some Muslim people called "Munshi" went to Britain and taught Arabic and Persian language to British people who intended to come to India for service or business. See also Sake Dean Mahomet Itesham Uddin References Indian diaspora in the United Kingdom
Antipterna ptychomochla is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae, first described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1940 as Antiterpna ptychomochla (sic). The species epithet derives from the Greek, πτυκομοχλοσ, meaning "with bar on fold". Distribution It appears to be a moth endemic to Australia and found in South Australia and New South Wales, with occurrences near the confluence of the Murray and the Darling rivers. Turner described specimens from Merredin in Western Australia. References External links Antipterna ptychomochla: images & occurrence data from GBIF Oecophorinae Moths described in 1940 Taxa named by Alfred Jefferis Turner
Trichostatin A (TSA) is an organic compound that serves as an antifungal antibiotic and selectively inhibits the class I and II mammalian histone deacetylase (HDAC) families of enzymes, but not class III HDACs (i.e., sirtuins). However, there are recent reports of the interactions of this molecule with Sirt 6 protein. TSA inhibits the eukaryotic cell cycle during the beginning of the growth stage. TSA can be used to alter gene expression by interfering with the removal of acetyl groups from histones (histone deacetylases, HDAC) and therefore altering the ability of DNA transcription factors to access the DNA molecules inside chromatin. It is a member of a larger class of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs or HDACIs) that have a broad spectrum of epigenetic activities. Thus, TSA has some potential as an anti-cancer drug. One suggested mechanism is that TSA promotes the expression of apoptosis-related genes, leading to cancerous cells surviving at lower rates, thus slowing the progression of cancer. Other mechanisms may include the activity of HDIs to induce cell differentiation, thus acting to "mature" some of the de-differentiated cells found in tumors. HDIs have multiple effects on non-histone effector molecules, so the anti-cancer mechanisms are truly not understood at this time. TSA inhibits HDACs 1, 3, 4, 6 and 10 with IC50 values around 20 nM. TSA represses IL (interleukin)-1β/LPS (lipopolysaccharide)/IFNγ (interferon γ)-induced nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in murine macrophage-like cells but increases LPS-stimulated NOS2 expression in murine N9 and primary rat microglial cells. Vorinostat is structurally related to trichostatin A and used to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma. See also Histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) References Further reading External links Trichostatin_A Safety data sheet by Fermentek Anilines Antibiotics Antifungals Aromatic ketones Histone deacetylase inhibitors Hydroxamic acids
Lalit Mohan Sharma (12 February 1928 – 3 November 2008) was the 24th Chief Justice of India. He was the son of L.N. Sinha, former Attorney General of India. He served as Chief Justice of India from 18 November 1992 until 11 February 1993. Legal career Passed B.A. Hons. (Patna University ) in 1946. Passed B.L. (Patna University) in 1948. Enrolled as articled clerk in High Court, Patna in 1949. Started practice in High Court, Patna as an Advocate – 6 Feb. 1950. Enrolled as Supreme Court Advocate – 6 March 1957. Later nominated as Senior Advocate. Took charge (oath) as Judge, Patna High Court on 12 April 1973. He joined the Supreme Court of India on 5 October 1987 and appointed as Chief Justice of India on 18 November 1992. He retired from the judicial service on 11 Feb. 1993. Family and early life Lalit Mohan Sharma was born on 12 February 1928 in the village of Musi (Belaganj, Gaya, Bihar) in a zameendar family. His father, Lal Narayan Sinha, was the Attorney General of India during the Prime Minister-ship of Indira Gandhi and Solicitor General of India from 17 July 1972 until 5 April 1977. His son, Justice Parthasarthy currently serves as a Judge in the Patna High Court. Death Sharma died on 3 November 2008 in Patna at his residence following a long illness. He was 80 years old. He is survived by his wife, son and daughter. References External links Biography 1928 births 2008 deaths Chief justices of India Bihari politicians Patna University alumni Politicians from Patna 20th-century Indian lawyers People from Gaya, India 20th-century Indian judges
The 1947–48 Divizia B was the ninth season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The format was changed from three series to four series, each one of them having 16 teams. The winners of the series were supposed to promote in the Divizia A, but finally only two of them promoted. Next season (1948–49) the format would be changed again, this time in two series of 14 teams, therefore in this season relegated all the teams ranked below the 7th place, a total of 36 teams (9x4) plus the worst two ranked on the 7th place. Team changes To Divizia B Promoted from Divizia C Concordia Ploiești BNR București Astra Română Poiana Câmpina PCA Constanța Indagrara Arad Ripensia Timișoara Sanitas Satu Mare CFR Cluj Șoimii Sibiu Doljul Craiova Aninoasa Danubiana Roman Astra Română Moreni CFR Târgoviște Minaur Baia Mare Franco-Româna Brăila Metalosport Ferdinand Tisa Sighet Sticla Târnăveni ARLUS Bacău 23 August București CFR Iași UF Hunedoara Explosivii Făgăraș CFR Brașov Relegated from Divizia A Prahova Ploiești Craiova From Divizia B Relegated to Divizia C Sparta București Feroemail Ploiești Promoted to Divizia A Unirea Tricolor București Ploiești Dermata Cluj Karres Mediaș Enrolled teams CFR Buzău and Dinamo Suceava were enrolled directly in the second division. Excluded teams Victoria Cluj was dissolved at the end of the previous season and was excluded from Divizia B. Renamed teams 23 August București was renamed as Metalochimic București. IAR Brașov was renamed as Tractorul Brașov. 23 August Lugoj was renamed as CSM Lugoj. Other teams Șoimii Sibiu merged with Sportul CFR Sibiu and the team was renamed as Șoimii CFR Sibiu. Prahova Ploiești and Concordia Ploiești merged, the second one being absorbed by the first one, but Prahova changed its name in Concordia Ploiești, the name of the factory that became the main sponsor of the team. Sanitas Satu Mare and Olimpia CFR Satu Mare merged, Sanitas being absorbed by Olimpia which was also renamed simply as CFR Satu Mare. League tables Serie I Serie II Serie III Serie IV See also 1947–48 Divizia A References Liga II seasons Romania 2
Frank Joseph Loesch (April 9, 1852 – July 31, 1944) was a prominent Chicago attorney, reformer and a founder of the Chicago Crime Commission, which attempted to combat widespread corruption and organized crime related violence. Biography Loesch was born in Buffalo, New York, on April 9, 1852, the son of Frank and Marie Eva (Fisher) Loesch. His father came from Forchheim am Kaiserstuhl in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Both emigrated in 1845. Loesch moved to Chicago in 1870, where he entered Union College of Law while continuing his bookkeeping position with Western Union. He witnessed the 1871 Great Chicago Fire and wrote an extensive first-hand account, "Personal Experiences during the Chicago Fire." He received his LL.B. degree from Northwestern Law School, in 1874. In his 70-year legal career, Loesch represented numerous corporate and individual clients, including several major railroads and the American Medical Association. In 1908, Loesch was appointed Special State's Attorney for Cook County. He prosecuted frauds committed during the first direct primary election in Cook County. The experience made him an ardent crusader against what he termed the alliance between crime and politics. In 1919, Loesch was one of the organizers of the Chicago Crime Commission. He was made an executive member of the commission in 1922, became its president in 1928 and served five terms as commission president. He was named president emeritus of the commission in 1938. Loesch spent much of his career fighting organized crime in the city, particularly against the romantic image of the gangster commonly portrayed by the media of the time. Loesch believed that changing the public's attitude towards organized crime figures such as Dean O'Banion and Al Capone was a crucial part in effective law enforcement; and, Loesch was credited with coining the term, "public enemy," later used by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. However, Loesch reportedly held considerable influence among Chicago's underworld and was apparently able to warn Capone and other Italian mobsters against further gang warfare, especially following the violence surrounding the 1928 Republican "pineapple primary." Loesch was appointed Chief Special Assistant Attorney General of Illinois to act in place of the regular State's Attorney in the investigations of frauds, bombings, kidnappings and murders committed in connection with the primary elections of April 1928. Later in the same year, he was chief prosecutor in the murder case of Octavius C. Granady, an African American lawyer and candidate for Committeeman of the "Bloody" Twentieth Ward. Loesch was also responsible for the arrests of many of the city's Irish-American gangsters and bootleggers. In 1929, President Herbert Hoover appointed Loesch as one of the eleven primary members of the Wickersham Commission on issues relating to law enforcement, criminal activity, police brutality, and Prohibition. Loesch died in Cooperstown, New York, on July 31, 1944, aged 92. His grandson was lawyer and politician Harrison Loesch. Further reading Asbury, Herbert. The Gangs of Chicago: An Informal History of the Chicago Underworld. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, 1940. Kobler, John. Capone: The Life and Times of Al Capone. New York: Da Capo Press, 2003. References Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 2005. 'National Cyclopedia of American Biography', "Frank Joseph Loesch". James T. White & Company, 1946. External links Schaffer Library of Drug Policy: Statement by Frank J. Loesch Mister Capone - Outline Bio 1852 births 1944 deaths Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni Lawyers from Chicago Anti-crime activists American anti-corruption activists American people of German descent

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