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Kappatorquevirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Anelloviridae. Pigs serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: possibly post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Structure Viruses in Kappatorquevirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=1 symmetry. The diameter is around 19-27 nm. Genomes are circular, around 2.7kb in length. The genome codes for 4 proteins, and has 3 open reading frames. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the ssDNA rolling circle model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export. Pigs serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are parental. References External links Viralzone: Kappatorquevirus ICTV Anelloviridae Virus genera
Olle Olsson (born 1 June 1948) is a former Swedish handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics. In 1972 he was part of the Swedish team which finished seventh in the Olympic tournament. He played four matches and scored two goals. References 1948 births Living people Swedish male handball players Olympic handball players for Sweden Handball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics Place of birth missing (living people)
Ledeno doba is the fifth studio album by Serbian garage rock/punk rock band Partibrejkers, released by ZMEX in 1997. Track listing All tracks written by Zoran Kostić Srdjan Graovac and Nebojša Antonijević. Personnel Partibrejkers Nebojša Antonijević "Anton" — guitar, mixed by, producer Zoran Kostić "Cane" — vocals Gojko Ševar — bass Srđan Graovac — guitar, backing vocals Darko Kurjak — drums Additional personnel Dušan Kojić "Koja" — producer, mixed by, bass on track 4. 2nd part Sandra Stojanović — recorded by, backing vocals Igor Borojević — recorded by, mixed by Jelena Petrović — flute "Pera Joe" Miladinović — harmonica Saša Lokner — keyboards Vladan Miljković "Milje" — saxophone Bora Veličković — trumpet Marin Petrić "Puroni" — percussion Klipa — backing vocals Srđan Gojković "Gile" — backing vocals Branislav Petrović "Banana" — backing vocals Maja Stanojević — artwork by [booklet design], photography [color] Stanislav Milojković — photography [black & white] References External links Ledeno doba at Discogs 1997 albums Partibrejkers albums
The Secret of Woronzeff (French: Le secret des Woronzeff) is a 1935 drama film directed by André Beucler and Arthur Robison and starring Jean Murat, Brigitte Helm and Madeleine Ozeray. It was made by the German studio UFA as a French-language version of the company's 1934 film Count Woronzeff. Cast Jean Murat as Le prince Woronzeff Brigitte Helm as Diane Madeleine Ozeray as Nadia Vladimir Sokoloff as Petroff Marguerite Templey as La tante Adèle Gaston Dubosc as L'oncle Ivan Pierre Mingand as Le frère von Naydeck Guy Sloux Charles Redgie Marc-Hély Henry Bonvallet Raymond Aimos Jane Pierson Marguerite de Morlaye References Bibliography Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. The Concise CineGraph. Encyclopedia of German Cinema. Berghahn Books, 2009. External links 1935 films 1935 drama films German drama films Films of Nazi Germany 1930s French-language films Films directed by Arthur Robison Films directed by André Beucler UFA GmbH films German multilingual films German black-and-white films 1935 multilingual films 1930s German films
Gerhard Watzke (24 September 1922 – 12 June 2021) was an Austrian rower. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London with his brother Kurt in the men's coxless pair where they were eliminated in the semi-finals. References 1922 births 2021 deaths Austrian male rowers Olympic rowers for Austria Rowers at the 1948 Summer Olympics European Rowing Championships medalists
Dysphania percota, the blue tiger moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae that can be found in India. It was first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1891. Description It is similar to Dysphania palmyra, but differs in the whole apical area of the forewings being deep purple from the discocellular spot and postmedial line to outer margin, with two small blue spots below the sub-costals and one on inner margin near outer angle. Hindwings never with any trace of yellow. The larvae feed on Carallia species. Gallery See also Dysphania militaris Dysphania sagana Dysphania palmyra References Geometrinae Moths described in 1891
Raymond Pellegrin (1 January 1925 – 14 October 2007) was a French actor. Born in Nice, Pellegrin made his screen debut in the 1945 French feature Naïs. He was also famous in France for dubbing Jean Marais for the voice of Fantômas in the eponymous film trilogy. He married actress Dora Doll on 12 July 1949; the couple had a daughter named Danielle, and divorced in 1955. He married actress Gisèle Pascal on 8 October 1955; on 12 September 1962, the couple had a daughter, Pascale Pellegrin, now also an actress. In his films, he is sometimes credited as "Raymond Pellegrini." He died in Garons. Filmography Six petites filles en blanc (1943) .... Un jeune homme (1945) .... Georges Naïs (1945) .... Frédéric Jericho (1946) .... Pierre, le fils du pharmacien La femme en rouge (1947) .... Jean Talais (1947) .... Georges Monnier (1948) .... Tony Guilty? (1951) .... Noël Portal (1951) .... Henri Laplanche The Smugglers' Banquet (1952) .... Michel Demeuse We Are All Murderers (1952) .... Gino Bollini Three Women (1952) .... Julien (segment "Mouche") Forbidden Fruit (1952) .... Octave (1952) .... L'instituteur (1953) .... Roger Noël Les Compagnes de la nuit (1953) .... Jo Verdier Tempest in the Flesh (1954) .... Antonio 'Tonio' Borelli Les Intrigantes (1954) .... Andrieux Flesh and the Woman (1954) .... Mario (1954) .... René (1954) .... Célestin Rabou Woman of Rome (1954) .... Astarita Les Impures (1954) .... Mario Napoléon (1955) .... Napoléon Bonaparte - vieux (1955) .... Philippe Men in White (1955) .... Dr. Jean Nérac (1955) .... Jean-Louis Labouret The Light Across the Street (1955) .... Georges Marceau Law of the Streets (1956) .... Jo le Grec Burning Fuse (1957) .... Ludovic 'Ludo' Ferrier Until the Last One (1957) .... Fernand Bastia Vacances explosives (1957) .... L'homme dans le placard du Coq Hardi (uncredited) Bitter Victory (1957) .... Mekrane (1958) .... Dr. Augereau Mimi Pinson (1958) .... Frédéric de Montazel (1959) .... Henri Brunier (1959) .... Dr. André Foucaud El casco blanco (1959) Chien de pique (1960) .... Robert The Mishap (1961) .... Serizeilles A View From the Bridge (1962) .... Marco (1961) .... Noël Colonna Carillons Sans Joie (1962) .... Charles Bourgeon The Mysteries of Paris (1962) .... Baron de Lansignac Imperial Venus (1962) .... Napoleon Bonaparte La Bonne Soupe (1964) .... Armand Boulard Behold a Pale Horse (1964) .... Carlos Fantômas (1964) .... Fantômas (voice, uncredited) (1965) .... L'ingénieur Carlo Bronti OSS 117 Mission for a Killer (1965) .... Leandro Fantômas se déchaîne (1965) .... Fantômas (voice, uncredited) Brigade antigangs (1966) .... Roger Sartet Le Deuxième Souffle (1966) .... Paul Ricci Maigret a Pigalle (1966) .... Fred Alfonsi Fantômas contre Scotland Yard (1967) .... Fantômas (voice, uncredited) (1967) .... Novak (1968) .... Bill Ransom Sous le signe de Monte-Cristo (1968) .... Morcerf The Conspiracy of Torture (1969) .... Cardinal Lanciani Un caso di coscienza (1970) .... Solfi The Lion's Share (1971) .... Marcati (1971) .... Diego Alvarez Dtàt lìam pét (1971) (1972) .... Fallen Les Intrus (1972) .... Frédéric Personne Shadows Unseen (1972) .... Nicola Dalò Gang War in Naples (1972) .... Don Mario Capece The Big Family (1973) .... Don Peppino Scalise (1973) .... Commissaire DekervanCrescete e moltiplicatevi (1973) (1973) .... Paraux (1973) .... Giorgio FontaineFlatfoot (1973) .... Lawyer De Ribbis (1973) .... Isnard, 'Kepi-Blanc'I guappi (1974) .... AiossaShoot First, Die Later (1974) .... PascalOnly the Wind Knows the Answer (1974) .... Kommissar Jean-Pierre LacrosseThe Climber (1975) .... Don EnricoManhunt in the City (1975) .... Inspector BertoneChange (1975) .... Antoine Mäzen (1976) .... BossSubmission (1976) .... Professor Henri MichoudA Special Cop in Action (1976) .... ArpinoPuttana galera! (1976) .... Vangelli (1977) .... JoAntonio Gramsci: The Days of Prison (1977)Paura in città (1978) .... Lettieriorci con la P 38 (1978) .... Olden (1979, TV Movie) .... Il capo della poliziaLe bar du téléphone (1980) .... Robert PérezLes Uns et les Autres (1981) .... M. Raymond (1982) .... Albert FariaPorca vacca (1982) (1982) .... L'inspecteur Tétard (1984) .... Sissia Carpelli - le propriétaire d'un tripotLouisiana (1984, TV Movie) .... MorleyViva la vie (1984) .... BarretNaso di cane (1986, TV Mini-Series) .... Antonio GarofaloJubiabá (1986) .... Le commandeurDon Bosco (1988) .... Pio IXDer Leibwächter'' (1989, TV Movie) .... Serge Mazra External links Fragments d'un dictionnaire amoureux 1925 births 2007 deaths Male actors from Nice, France French male film actors French male voice actors 20th-century French male actors
Billy Block (born William Donald Block; August 10, 1955 – March 11, 2015) also known as Mr. Nashville, was a musician, journalist, actor, publisher, television and radio personality. Block was a tireless promoter of independent musicians, primary in the Alternative country - Americana genres. He hosted Billy Block's Western Beat, a live concert-format radio show for over thirty years. Background At age 15, Block worked around his school schedule in a music store and playing clubs in the Houston, Texas area with artists: Shake Russell, B.W. Stevenson, Roger Tause and Billy Joe Shaver. Huey Mo hired Block at Sugar Hill Studios where he played drums on two Freddy Fender albums. Block was also the Houston editor of Buddy Magazine. In 1985, Block moved to Venice, California, he landed a job as the house drummer for the Palomino Club for the Ronnie Mack Barn Dance show in 1987, he held the job until his departure to Nashville in 1995. Block also worked as a bandleader, actor, dancer and singer at The Walt Disney Company. A national commercial for Disney led to additional commercials for Carrows Restaurants, Miller beer and Kentucky Fried Chicken. In 1991, Block met and married his wife Jill Rochlitz, and Western Beat was created at the Highland Grounds coffee house in Hollywood in the same year. The first Western Beat show included: Wendy Waldman, Rick Vincent, Jim Lauderdale, slide guitarist Jimmy Sloan, Mandy Mercier and Annie Harvey among others. Western Beat Increasing the show's reach in 1993, Western Beat hosted a showcase of Los Angeles artists at the Wildhorse Saloon in Nashville. By 1995, Billy and Jill were interested in owning a home and starting a family, they were considering Nashville. Block had been writing for Music Connection magazine for six years, and his band, the Zydeco Party Band, was calling it quits, Block took a writing gig at Music Row Magazine in 1995. "It was a great place to start in Nashville, because Music Row Magazine is the epicenter of the industry. All the information about everything comes through that office. [...] Working there put me on the fast track into the very heart of Nashville. Six months into my tenure at Music Row, I got a call from Woody Bomar to start doing some sessions with John Scott Sherrill." —Billy Block, "A Conversation with Billy Block, Western Beat Impresario", by Frank Goodman, September 2001. In 1999, Billy Block's Western Beat Roots Revival began airing on Saturday nights on WSIX-FM Nashville, the five hour show previously aired on Power Country 102.9 (WZPC) until the station moved to a rock format. Western Beat With Billy Block premiered on Country Music Television (CMT) on July 2, 2003, featuring guest performers, Trisha Yearwood, Allison Moorer and Lonesome Bob. The show was short lived, other artists included: Gary Allan, Hank Williams III, The Derailers, Michael McDonald, Buddy and Julie Miller, Ralph Stanley, Allison Moorer, BR549 and Kevin Gordon. Death Block's death at age 59 in 2015 was a shock to the community. His fight with cancer was documented in Nashville Scene magazine, he was eulogized in USA Today, CMT Music Connection magazine, and Taste Of Country magazine. Block is survived by his wife Jill and sons Rocky and Grady Block, Micheal Hughes and Shandon Mayes. Nashville Downtown Partnerships sponsored Billy Block Day concerts in 2016 and 2017. Discography References Alternative country musicians Americana music 1955 births 2015 deaths Musicians from Houston Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Pycnophyes is a genus of worms belonging to the family Pycnophyidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: Pycnophyes alexandroi Pycnophyes almansae Pycnophyes ancalagon Pycnophyes apotomus Pycnophyes aulacodes Pycnophyes beaufortensis Pycnophyes biserratus Pycnophyes chiliensis Pycnophyes communis Pycnophyes conspicuus Pycnophyes curvatus Pycnophyes denticulatus Pycnophyes diffusus Pycnophyes echinoderoides Pycnophyes egyptensis Pycnophyes frequens Pycnophyes giganteus Pycnophyes ilyocryptus Pycnophyes kukulkan Pycnophyes longihastatus Pycnophyes longisetosus Pycnophyes moderatus Pycnophyes naviculus Pycnophyes neuhausi Pycnophyes newguiniensis Pycnophyes newzealandiensis Pycnophyes norenburgi Pycnophyes oshoroensis Pycnophyes paraneapolitanus Pycnophyes parasanjuanensis Pycnophyes rectilineatus Pycnophyes robustus Pycnophyes sanjuanensis Pycnophyes schornikovi Pycnophyes solidus Pycnophyes stenopygus Pycnophyes tenuis Pycnophyes tubuliferus Pycnophyes validus Pycnophyes zelinkaei References Kinorhyncha
The Champaign County YMCA Heat Swim Team (CCYMCA HEAT), also known as the Heat Swim Team, is a competitive age-group swim program that caters to participants of all ages and abilities in Champaign County and the surrounding areas. Founded in 2007, the team conducts weekly practices in Champaign, where swimmers are placed into groups based on their skill level. The Heat Swim Team has established a strong presence in both YMCA and USA Swimming competitions, consistently showcasing their competitive edge at the national level. With a membership exceeding 100 individuals, the team fosters a vibrant swimming community under the guidance of Head Coach Will Barker. As an affiliate of both USA Swimming and the YMCA, the Heat Swim Team remains committed to promoting excellence in the sport of swimming. For more information and updates, please visit the official Heat Swim Team Website Focus HEAT focuses on forming good swimmers in and out of the pool. Coaches strive to make each swimmer reach their peak ability. Mission statement "To provide a competitive swim team where participants can select from several levels of competitive intensity. This program shall be safe, educational, and enjoyable while providing for the participant's personal improvement. The team will also develop within its swimmers high levels of self-discipline and fitness, and foster the character development values of honesty, caring, respect, and responsibility for the program, coaches, parents, other teams, and each other." Affiliations The Heat is a charter club of USA Swimming/Illinois Swimming and a YMCA affiliated team. Swimmers are eligible to attend both USA Swimming meets and YMCA meets. The Heat is a program of the Champaign County YMCA. As a USA Swimming team, all swimmers and coaches must hold a current membership. Coaches must also be certified in First Aid, CPR, and Coaches Safety Training. As a YMCA team, all swimmers and coaches must be members of the YMCA. Establishment Heat was established in 2007 after combining the Champaign County Aquachiefs and Storm Aquatics. Competitive Success In the Spring of 2008, HEAT sent 11 swimmers to compete at Y-Nationals in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. HEAT had 4 participants at Y-Nationals in the spring of 2009. Practice Groups Groups range in age, ability, and commitment. Group 1 is the most introductory group and grow all the way up to Group 5, the championship group. Separate practice times and workouts are made for each individual group. Group 1 is designed for beginning swimmers that can complete at least 25 yards of freestyle and 15 yards of backstroke. Practices consist of individual instruction and focus on body awareness, stroke technique, streamline, and some terminology. Group 2 is generally for athletes ages 7–11. They should be able to complete a 100-yard freestyle, 50-yard backstroke, 25-yard breaststroke, and 25-yard butterfly. The group will focus on improving technique, circle swimming, bilateral breathing, underwater fly kicks off walls, breaststroke pull outs, and introduction to starts and turns. Group 3 swimmers should be able to complete a 200-yard freestyle, 100-yard backstroke, 50-yard breaststroke, and 50-yard backstroke. This group will introduce the pace clock and sendoffs. Swimmers will focus on refining stroke technique, starts, and turns. Group 4 is the championship preparation team. Swimmers should be able to complete a 400-yard freestyle, 300-yard backstroke, 200-yard breaststroke, and 100-yard fly with little rest and confidence. The goals of this group are to continue refining stroke technique, increasing speed and endurance training, and mental training growth. Group 5 is the championship group with focus on national competition. Swimmers should have made an Age Group championship or Senior State Championship time standard. Swimmers must commit to practicing 5 times a week. The group goals include exploring advanced stroke technique, commitment to exceptional work ethic, participation in meets, performing higher levels of speed and endurance sets. Coaches The Heat has a head coach and many assistant coaches that help run practices and meets. Head coach Will Barker has been coaching for the last 20 years and holds an ASCA level 4 certification. He was the head coach of Storm Aquatics for 14 years, and is currently head coach for Champaign Country Club and Champaign Central High School Girls team. Will swam competitively for 8 years and played water polo at University of Miami. Will has also coached for the Champaign Aquachiefs, the Champaign Park District, and was the age group coach for Hurricane Aquatics in Miami, Florida. He was an assistant Zone coach in 1993 and 2005 and Head Zone Coach in 2009. In 2006, he was selected for the USAS Coach Mentor program and was spent three days with Richard Quick. Will has coached many outstanding athletes, including Tyler McGill. Heat Records All Records are shown with Yard times, revised April 2017. Boys Records Girls Records Facilities HEAT uses several pools around the Champaign-Urbana area. Centennial High School offers a six-lane, 25 yard pool. It is located at 913 Crescent Drive, Champaign. Urbana Indoor Aquatic Center offers an eight-lane, 25 yard x 25 meter pool. It is located at 102 E. Michigan, Urbana. Stephens Family YMCA offers an eight-lane, 25 yard pool. It is located at 2501 Fields South Drive, Champaign. References External links Champaign County YMCA Illinois Swimming USA Swimming CCYMCA HEAT Swim Team Champaign County Aquatic Information & Development Corporation Swim teams in the United States 2007 establishments in Illinois Sports clubs and teams established in 2007 Sports clubs and teams founded by the YMCA
Jerry Alvord is an American politician who has served as the Oklahoma Senate member from the 14th district since November 16, 2022. He ran unopposed for the seat in 2022 to succeed retiring Senator Frank Simpson. Career Prior to running for office, Alvord was a businessman. He also runs a small cattle ranch. He has been a member of the Oklahoma Second Amendment Association, the Noble Foundation, the Oklahoma Cattlemen’s Association, and the Oklahoma Farm Bureau. He formerly served as a National Rifle Association (NRA) Convention Co-Chair and has been an NRA-certified handgun instructor. Carter County Commissioner Prior to his election to the Oklahoma Senate, Alvord was a two-term Carter County Commissioner. While County Commissioner, he served on the State Board of Directors for the Association of County Commissioners as a Committee Member for Legislative Oversight. Oklahoma Senate Alvord was elected to the Oklahoma Senate in 2022 with no opposition after the retirement of Frank Simpson. He assumed office November 16, 2022. Personal life Alvord is an Elder at Crosspoint Fellowship Church. References 21st-century American politicians County commissioners in Oklahoma Living people Republican Party Oklahoma state senators Year of birth missing (living people)
These monasteries were dissolved by King Henry VIII of England in the Dissolution of the Monasteries. The list is by no means exhaustive, since over 800 religious houses existed before the Reformation, and virtually every town, of any size, had at least one abbey, priory, convent or friary in it. (Often many small houses of monks, nuns, canons or friars.) See also Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries Act Second Act of Dissolution List of monastic houses in England List of monastic houses in Wales List of monastic houses in Ireland [[List o manostic casa en du pales de galles References Henry VIII List
Oeversee () is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km south of Flensburg. The Oeversee municipality was merged with Sankelmark on March 1, 2008. The new municipality is, however, still called Oeversee. Oeversee is part of the Amt ("collective municipality") Oeversee. The seat of the Amt is located in Tarp, which is close to Idstedt and Stolk, among other smaller towns in the area. The area was the place of many battles between the Germans and the Danes. The village of Oeversee (or to be more precise, Sankelmark) witnessed, for example, a battle between Austrian and Danish forces in the Second Schleswig War on February 6, 1864. There are still annual memorial services held for this event and celebrating the helpfulness of the citizens of Flensburg. The Austrian city of Graz named an alley and a school after Oeversee in recognition of this event, as the Austrian troops had been based in Graz. Returning the favor, Oeversee named a public square after Graz (Grazer Platz). References Schleswig-Flensburg
Table tennis at the 1995 SEA Games is being held in the Gymnasium 2, Chiang Mai University in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 10 to 15 December 1995. Medalists Medal table References External links 1995 Southeast Asian Games Table tennis competitions in Thailand 1995 SEA Games events Chiang Mai
Aaron McCain (born March 1, 1989), better known by his stage name Canon, is an American Christian rapper from Chicago, Illinois. Canon is best known for his appearance on Lecrae's Rehab: The Overdose and his collaboration with Derek Minor then from Reach Records. Canon also was mentored by Lecrae who then took Canon on the road with him to be his full-time hype-man. After touring with Lecrae, Canon signed with Reflection Music Group and recorded his first EP entitled Loose Canon which was released in 2012. In 2014, Canon experience his first taste of success by reaching the Billboard 200 charts with the release of "Loose Canon, Volume 2." After a near-death accident, Canon was out for a long time, until 2016 when he released several singles and the third volume of his Loose Canon series. History Early life Aaron McCain was born in Chicago, Illinois on March 1, 1989, but was raised in Atlanta, Georgia. At the age of 13, McCain found himself in the middle of a terrible automobile accident. Being able to walk away from the accident unharmed let McCain realize how sensitive life really was. From this, he began to seek God and by the time he was in high school, he began rapping for him. After high school, McCain attended Bible College at Memphis where he met Derek Minor and Lecrae, who helped guide him into starting his music career. 2009–present After being mentored by Lecrae and Derek Minor, McCain began working on his first music project. His 2009 mixtape, The Great Investment, was McCain's first professional release. The reviews from the album made Canon an instant hit with fans across the globe. After the success of the mixtape, Canon appeared on Lecrae's Rehab: The Overdose album and other project from Reach Records. In 2011 Canon signed a music contract with record label Reflection Music Group, to which Minor was signed. McCain later released the EP, Loose Canon in 2012 and followed that renowned release with his first studio album Mad Haven in 2013. In 2014, McCain saw his first chart success with his album Loose Canon Vol. 2 which reached 101 on the Billboard 200. Canon suffered a broken jaw, shattered ankle and a concussion from a fall down a ravine on December 20, 2014. Canon and his manager, Brandon Mason, had attempted to help someone who had crashed their car. As gasoline spread, the man inside tried to start the ignition; afraid it would blow up, Canon jumped over the guardrail, not seeing the ravine as it was dark. Some sources say he fell down a drop, whereas others (including Canon himself) say . He has since recovered and has performed and released a few songs. Discography Studio albums EPs References 1989 births Living people African-American male rappers American male rappers African-American Christians American performers of Christian hip hop music Rappers from Chicago 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American male musicians 21st-century African-American musicians 20th-century African-American people
FC Buryatia Ulan-Ude () is a Russian football team from Ulan-Ude. It played professionally from 1958 to 2003. It played on the second-highest level (Soviet First League and Russian First Division) in 1958–1962, 1968–1969 and 1992–1993. Team name and location history 1958–1960 Lokomotiv Ulan-Ude 1961–1963 Baikal Ulan-Ude 1964–1965 Armeyets Ulan-Ude 1966–1977 Selenga Ulan-Ude 1978–1983 Lokomotiv Ulan-Ude 1984–1993 Selenga Ulan-Ude 1994 Kristall Neryungri 1995–2003 Selenga Ulan-Ude 2004–2011 Kommunalnik Ulan-Ude 2011–2012 FC Buryatia Ulan-Ude 2012–2016 Selenga Ulan-Ude 2017–present FC Buryatia Ulan-Ude External links Team history at KLISF Association football clubs established in 1958 Football clubs in Russia Sport in Ulan-Ude 1958 establishments in Russia
Michael D. Coogan is lecturer on Hebrew Bible/Old Testament at Harvard Divinity School, Director of Publications for the Harvard Semitic Museum, editor-in-chief of Oxford Biblical Studies Online, and professor emeritus of religious studies at Stonehill College. He has also taught at Fordham University, Boston College, Wellesley College, and the University of Waterloo (Ontario). Coogan has also participated in and directed archaeological excavations in Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, and Egypt, and has lectured widely. Education and honors Coogan was raised as Roman Catholic and for 10 years was a Jesuit. Coogan holds a doctorate in Near Eastern Languages and Literatures from Harvard University, 1971. In 2000, he received Stonehill's Distinguished Faculty Award in recognition of his scholarship and teaching. Author One of the leading biblical scholars in the United States, he is the author of The Old Testament: A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures; editor of The New Oxford Annotated Bible, The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible, and Oxford Biblical Studies Online; and a contributor to such standard reference works as The Encyclopedia of Religion, HarperCollins Bible Dictionary, and The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Other projects that he conceived, edited, and collaborated on include The Oxford Companion to the Bible, The Illustrated Guide to World Religions, and The Oxford History of the Biblical World. One work is published by Twelve Books and titled God and Sex: What the Bible Really Says, published in 2010. In the later, Coogan aims to expand human freedom and justice while giving secondary instruction to Christians on the proper use of the Bible. He quotes St. Paul in regard to the failure to mention the female disciples in the list of faithful who saw the Risen Christ by noting that the empty tomb story in the Gospels might be a myth and inserted later. He states, "The text is not, except perhaps in the abstract, intrinsically authoritative: it derives its authority from the community." He favors "thinking of the Bible in a more nuanced way than simply as the literal word of God" and identifies the Bible as "one foundational text in American society" which along with our Constitution must be interpreted critically. The purpose of "God and Sex" is weaved jointly with the faithful and the secular in mind. Appearances Coogan was featured in The Bible's Buried Secrets and Secrets of Noah's Ark from PBS's NOVA series. The first documentary investigated the origins of the ancient Israelites, the evolution of their belief in one God, and the creation of the Bible. Coogan appeared in the History Channel documentary, Secrets of Noah's Ark. Coogan also appeared in the National Geographic Channel's documentary, "The Truth Behind the Ark." References Sources Coogan, Michael (2010) God and Sex: What the Bible Really Says. New York: Twelve. Hachette Book Group. . External links Oxford Biblical Studies Online Michael Coogan - What I Wanna Know, Aug 13, 2011. Interview of Michael Coogan by Ryan Kohls 1942 births Living people American biblical scholars Old Testament scholars Harvard Divinity School faculty Fordham University alumni Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
The 1945–46 season was the 7th and final year of wartime football by Rangers. Results All results are written with Rangers' score first. Southern League Division One Southern League Cup Victory Cup Friendlies See also 1945–46 in Scottish football 1945–46 Southern League Cup (Scotland) 1946 Victory Cup References Rangers F.C. seasons Rangers Scottish football championship-winning seasons
Bois-l'Évêque () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. Geography A farming village situated some east of Rouen at the junction of the D53 and the D43 roads. Population Places of interest The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the nineteenth century. Remnants of the 13th-century priory de Beaulieu. The nineteenth century Château de Bethel. Ruins of a 13th-century chapel. See also Communes of the Seine-Maritime department References Communes of Seine-Maritime
is a Japanese gymnast. She competed in four events at the 1996 Summer Olympics. References 1977 births Living people Japanese female artistic gymnasts Olympic gymnasts for Japan Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Shiga Prefecture Asian Games medalists in gymnastics Gymnasts at the 1994 Asian Games Asian Games silver medalists for Japan Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games 20th-century Japanese women
"This Is Tomorrow" is a song by Bryan Ferry, the former lead vocalist for Roxy Music. It was released in 1977 as the first single from In Your Mind, his fourth solo album but the first consisting entirely of original songs. It was Ferry's tenth single. The single features the non-album track, "As the World Turns" as the B-side. The song peaked at number 9 in the UK Singles Chart, during its nine week run. Background The title, "This Is Tomorrow" was inspired by a 1956 exhibition of pop art at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London, devised by Richard Hamilton, who had taught Ferry at Newcastle University. Personnel Musicians Bryan Ferry – lead vocals, keyboards Chris Spedding – guitar Paul Thompson – drums John Wetton – bass guitar David Skinner – piano, keyboards Mel Collins – saxophone Martin Drover – trumpet Chris Mercer – saxophone References External links 1977 singles Bryan Ferry songs Songs written by Bryan Ferry Polydor Records singles 1977 songs
Profit is an American drama television series that originally aired in 1996 on the Fox Broadcasting Company (Mondays at 9:00 p.m. EST). The series was created (and occasionally directed) by David Greenwalt and John McNamara, and starred Adrian Pasdar as the eponymous lead character Jim Profit. In February 2008 repeat episodes began airing on Chiller (in the USA), and in October 2010 on CBS Action (in Europe). Considered by many to have been well ahead of its time, the series was a precursor to the early-21st-century trend of "edgy" TV melodramas (featuring dark themes and multidimensional characters) such as The Sopranos, Mad Men, and Breaking Bad. Controversial themes largely stemming from the lead character's amoral, Richard III-style ways, along with low ratings, made the show uncomfortable and unfamiliar viewing for mainstream U.S. audiences and Fox network affiliates at the time, leading to its cancellation after just four episodes (including the pilot) aired. In 2013 TV Guide ranked the series #4 on its list of 60 shows that were "Canceled Too Soon", calling the series "shockingly memorable". Summary Jim Profit is a newly promoted junior-executive at Gracen & Gracen (G&G), a multinational conglomerate that often engages in unethical business practices while actively cultivating a positive public image. G&G's dark side does not bother Profit, who is not above using blackmail, bribery, extortion, or worse to get ahead himself. Jim Profit addresses the audience via voiceover narration, and occasionally even "breaks the fourth wall" by speaking directly to the camera/audience with such quotes as: "The line most people say they won't cross ... it's usually something they've already done when they thought no one was watching." Through frequent inner monologues, Profit shares his motives, plans, and situational observations with the audience. When home alone at night, Profit continues his ‘work’ in his office (hidden behind a false wall of his living room), searching the Internet and hacking G&G's servers for information to be used as research and ammunition for his various schemes. Whenever he eliminates or outmaneuvers a G&G target, that person's avatar is exploded and erased from his computer's virtual-G&G-offices environment. While obviously affluent and living in a well-furnished luxury penthouse, Profit still goes to bed the same way he did as a child: curled up, naked in the corner of a large G&G shipping box like the one he was raised in. Characters Main Jim Profit (Adrian Pasdar) – born James "Jimmy" Stakowski, he was raised in a cardboard G&G shipping box (with a hole cut out for him to view a constantly-on television) by a neglectful, physically and psychologically abusive father in a rural area near Tulsa, Oklahoma. Profit reinvents himself as an Ivy League-educated, corporate business prodigy after escaping his past by chaining his father to his bed, setting it afire, then fleeing the family ranch as a teenager. His upbringing leaves Profit with a hatred of TV, and idolizing Gracen & Gracen as the ideal family he never had. As a result, Profit's goal as an adult is to rise high enough in G&G to indispensably embed himself into the Gracens’ business and personal lives – by any means necessary. He worked in auditing before ascending to junior vice president of Acquisitions; his stated goal is to become president of Acquisitions. He climbs the corporate ladder by covertly engineering the ruin of those who stand in his way and/or refuse to assist him, while mostly staying behind-the-scenes himself. Joanne Meltzer (Lisa Zane) – Profit's archenemy and G&G's obsessive, crusading West Coast chief of security. She had a short-lived affair with Jack Walters while his wife had temporarily run off with a lover. She remains loyal to and friendly with Jack, admiring his decent and ethical nature – even after he reconciles with his wife (who openly resents her). Jack's spectacular downfall (engineered by Profit) along with parallels in the natures of Profit and her older sister (who raised but also brutally abused her) are key forces driving her to expose and stop Profit. A former police detective and "fanatical in pursuit of a goal", the ever-suspicious Meltzer constantly tries to figure out and foil Profit's plans, but is oftentimes a step behind her nemesis. She admires Jeffrey Sykes for his sterling morals, and perceives him as able to outsmart and defeat Profit. Charles Henry "Chaz" Gracen (Keith Szarabajka) – G&G's no-nonsense, paranoid, violently short-tempered chief executive officer. Although he takes a different mistress each year, making money is his only love. To clients and all outsiders to G&G he convincingly pretends to be soft-spoken, friendly and patient. Though usually agitated and curt, Chaz occasionally displays a dark, passive-aggressive sense of humor, constantly berates his brother, and bitterly chafes at working in the long shadow of his meddling father/boss, G&G's founder and chairman emeritus of the G&G board of directors. Pete Gracen (Jack Gwaltney) – Chaz's younger brother, and the senior vice president of Acquisitions. A longtime alcoholic, Pete secretly wants Chaz's approval – and to be president of Acquisitions, or even CEO – despite being impotent, immature, and apparently incompetent. Drunken stupors, often in public with family, are frequent sources of embarrassment and humiliation for Pete. Nora Gracen (Allison Hossack) – Pete's insecure, emotionally fragile, lonely trophy wife. Trusting and desperate for the love and sense of purpose that her failing husband can no longer provide, she becomes hopelessly obsessed with Profit, after he seduces her but then (intentionally) ends their affair just before physically consummating it. Nora regards Profit as a close friend, confidant, and kindred spirit; Profit strings her along by continuing to build intimacy between them, then restating that he wants to be "just friends" whenever she tries to act on her attraction to him. She harbors unhealed emotional wounds from a childhood tragedy. Gail Koner (Lisa Darr) – Profit's resourceful, morally conflicted secretary (originally Jack Walters' secretary), and primary henchperson. Initially, Profit blackmails Gail into assisting him in his schemes; however, she feels increasingly loyal (and/or obligated) to Profit, as he rewards her service with extravagant favors (e.g., saving her job, hiding her embezzlement, and arranging for vastly upgraded – and fully paid – nursing home care for her seriously ill mother). She may be the only character that Profit has any genuine human connection with. Profit takes pride as he guides Gail in developing her skills in duplicity. Profit seems interested in her mother's well-being, and after Gail is passed over for promotion (yet again), he promises to mold her into "executive material." Bobbi Stakowski (Lisa Blount) – Profit's hedonistic, temperamental step-mother (his father's 2nd wife), and occasional lover (who seduced and molested him during his socially isolated, early adolescence). A shrewd-yet-unpredictable drug abuser, con woman and former prostitute, Bobbi repeatedly tries to blackmail Profit (with threats of exposing evidence of his true background and past crimes – including murder) into financing a luxurious, effort-free lifestyle for her. Jeffrey Sykes (Sherman Augustus) – a litigious corporate law attorney and G&G's newly hired vice president of Business Affairs. A highly driven, P.R.-savvy do-gooder, Sykes takes a more directly antagonistic approach to Profit and is warmly welcomed by Joanne Meltzer as an ally. Sykes is single-mindedly committed to a secret, personal agenda that repeatedly – but sometimes unwittingly – disrupts Profit's schemes. Recurring and guests Jack Walters (Scott Paulin) – G&G's former President of Acquisitions. Elizabeth Gracen-Walters (Jennifer Hetrick) – Jack's (recovering) alcoholic wife; cousin of "Chaz" and Pete. Constance Gracen (Teryl Rothery) – Chaz's estranged wife. Dr. Jeremy Batewell (John Hawkes) – a former G&G employee who sexually harassed Gail Koner. "Kelly Hunt"/Carol McKenna (Jessica Tuck) – Profit's female equivalent. Episodes Critical reception The critical response to Profit at the time of its debut was overwhelmingly positive. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 94% based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 9.0/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Unapologetically amoral and headlined by an unnerving Adrian Pasdar, Profit pays off handsomely as outrageous entertainment." Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times called Profit "... rip-roaring, sinus-clearing, bold and wonderful." Tom Gliatto of People magazine said of Profit: "Refreshingly cruel, Fox's Profit is the most exciting new show I've seen this year." John J. O'Conner from The New York Times called Profit "one of the most intriguing shows to come along since Twin Peaks ..." Joyce Millman of salon.com stated: "Profit gains heft ... from its nervy satiric vision of corporate capitalist culture." Eric Mink from The New York Daily News stated "Jim Profit may well be the most unremittingly evil character ever to serve as the protagonist and principal voice of a network TV series. Next to Profit, Dallas' J.R. Ewing is as menacing as Babe the Pig." Entertainment Weekly included Profit in its "Ten Best TV Shows for 1996" list at position #8. Controversy and cancellation Despite numerous positive critical reviews and intense industry buzz, Profit was canceled after only 5 out of the 9 hours produced were actually broadcast by Fox. Low Nielsen ratings were cited as the official cause; Profit ranked 138th of 160 shows for 1996 and suffered from viewer tune-out during the airing of the 2-hour pilot episode. Other factors that may have hastened Profit’s demise include: Viewers reportedly flooded their local Fox network affiliates with phone calls objecting to Jim Profit’s amoral actions, some even referring to him as "Satan in a Suit"; such opinions were most vociferously expressed by viewers in the Bible Belt region of the southern USA. Some Fox network affiliates even threatened to pre-empt Profit in their local markets, replacing it with alternative programming. Members of the business community were outraged that Profit portrayed them so poorly. Shaifali Puri of Fortune said: "Just in case there's anyone left who isn't convinced corporate America is a den of naked ambition and bald turpitude, comes now (the TV show) Profit." It was rumored that even Fox network founder Rupert Murdoch objected to the show's edgy portrayal of corporate America, although Adrian Pasdar was quoted as saying that Profit was Murdoch's favorite TV show. Airings of Profit consistently lost almost all of the lead-in audience from the smash-hit melodrama Melrose Place (the original version) which was scheduled in the timeslot immediately preceding Profit. This reportedly did not sit well with Melrose Place'''s executive producer Aaron Spelling, especially after Time and Entertainment Weekly published glowing reviews of Profit but scathing reviews of Melrose Place. Coincidentally, Spelling even approached Adrian Pasdar in 1992 to play the role of Jake Hanson on Melrose Place; however Pasdar rejected the role despite Spelling's status as one of the most powerful and influential U.S. television producers of the 1970s-1990s.Profit co-creator David Greenwalt hypothesized that "What might have turned off viewers to Profit wasn't just that it was so different [from other TV shows of the time] but that it was such an affront to it." The cancellation of Profit was lamented by the organization Viewers for Quality Television; VQT founder Dorothy Swanson stated: "It certainly was not a mainstream show. It wasn't for everyone. There were parts of it I'm sure mainstream viewers found very disturbing and unappealing. But for people who like interesting television, it was very well written. It was spellbinding. You had to know what made this guy (Jim Profit) tick." Awards Adrian Pasdar was nominated for a 1996 Petcabus Award in the category "Best Actor in a Drama Series" for his role as Jim Profit. Profit was nominated for a 1996 Artios Award in category "Best Casting for TV, Dramatic Pilot". Home media Anchor Bay Entertainment released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 on August 9, 2005. The three-disc set contains the two-hour pilot and seven episodes (the final four of which did not air during the original run on Fox). Interviews with Stephen J. Cannell, David Greenwalt, John McNamara, Adrian Pasdar, Lisa Blount, and Lisa Zane are presented in a 67-minute documentary called Greed Kills about the making of Profit. Audio commentary with Adrian Pasdar and series creators David Greenwalt and John McNamara is provided for the 2-hour pilot and the episodes "Healing", "Chinese Box", and "Forgiveness". As of 2010, this DVD release has been discontinued and is out of print. Free Dolphin Entertainment released the complete series on DVD in Region 2 on October 20, 2005. The three-disc set contains the two-hour pilot and seven episodes, along with the option of French subtitles (with the original English voice audio) or French-dubbed voice audio for all episodes. A 23-minute featurette produced in 1999 by French TV station Jimmy titled "Profit Special" (covering the impact and enormous popularity of Profit in France) was included in this release, along with the Greed Kills featurette from the Region 1 release. Seven minutes of Fox promotional spots for Profit were provided as well, including a unique 30-second trailer showing Jim Profit crushing a spider on a park bench, dismissively calling it an "amateur" (predator). Ostalgica released the complete series on DVD in Region 2 on April 24, 2012, under the title Jim Profit – Ein Mann geht über Leichen (A Man Walks over Dead Bodies). The three-disc set contains the two-hour pilot and seven episodes, along with the option of the original English or German-dubbed voice audio for all episodes. The content of the episodes is identical on all releases of the DVD with the exception of the opening voiceover by Jim Profit in the pilot episode: Region 1 Voiceover: Wayne Gresham is dead. A former VP at Gracen and Gracen incorporated, he was overworked, overweight, and well now, just plain "over". This is Wayne's boss, Jack Walters. He's the president of acquisitions, a smart decent man. As well respected as anyone at G&G. Gail Koner, Jack's secretary. Is that grief in her eyes or is she hiding something? Let's find out. Region 2 Voiceover: Wayne Gresham is dead. He was 47 years old. A junior vice president of acquisitions at Gracen and Gracen incorporated where I happen to work. This is Wayne's boss, Jack Walters. He's the president of acquisitions, a smart decent man. As well respected as anyone at Gracen and Gracen. Gail Koner, Jack's executive secretary, a loyal employee of 3 years and very devoted to her boss.ProductionProfit was produced by Greenwalt/McNamara Productions and Stephen J. Cannell Productions in association with New World Television, and was the final series to come from Cannell's company (as well as one of the few for which he did not write any scripts). The exterior shots outside the Gracen & Gracen twin towers were filmed on the plaza in front of the Sheraton Wall Centre Hotel in Vancouver. For production, a "Gracen & Gracen Wall Center" placard was positioned over the covered entrance in front of one building and two G&G logo monuments were placed in the front and center of the plaza. Another part of the same hotel complex now includes the well-known One Wall Centre building that had not yet been constructed when Profit was shot in early 1996. According to the Region 1 DVD liner notes, the interior G&G office shots for the two-hour pilot episode were taken at the real working offices of B.C. Gas and that of a prestigious law firm in downtown Vancouver. Subsequent episodes were shot in studio sets modeled after these offices. The scene outside a hospital with Joanne Meltzer and Profit in the episode "Healing" was shot in front of St. Paul's Hospital located just across Burrard Street from the Sheraton Wall Centre. The exterior of Profit's apartment building featuring columnar bay windows up and down the entire front of the building is a location called Eugenia Place in Vancouver's West End; the structure is notable for the presence of a 35-foot Pin oak tree growing on the building's roof, located approximately 180 feet above street level. Profit's exploration of Gracen & Gracen's computer network was done through a 3D-image rendering interface, which represents G&G's corporate data as a building with a series of offices. This was implemented using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language which was believed to be the way that future websites would be built in 1996. In the years leading up to the production of Profit numerous films such as The Lawnmower Man, Virtuosity, and especially the corporate thriller Disclosure, featured a virtual reality interface which directly inspired its use in Profit. Unused story lines David Greenwalt and John McNamara gave details of plotlines from the never-produced second season in the audio commentaries on the Region 1 DVD. Joanne Meltzer dies early in the first episode of the second season while in Ireland looking into Profit's background. The phone booth from which she is calling Sykes is set to explode. There is a bomb planted there by the Irish Republican Army. It was to be revealed later that this was done at the behest of Profit. Jim has stolen the identity of a "real" Jim Profit. The "real" Jim Profit is in a coma after he was drowned by the protagonist Jim Profit. Later on, the protagonist would return to finish killing his alias. Charles "Chaz" Gracen has a heart attack while running on his treadmill due to a mild poison Profit slips into Chaz's water bottle. Profit eventually convinces Chaz that his father (who is the Chairman of G&G's board of directors) is trying to kill him. Profit engineers the death of Chaz and Pete Gracen's father to help the two brothers reconcile their differences, eliminate a troublemaker on G&G's Board of Directors, and help tighten Profit's control over G&G. Another storyline involved Profit getting a current Senator drunk to the point of blackout, staging a car accident, and convincing the Senator that he had killed someone. These events probably led into a related story line in which Pete Gracen becomes a Senator himself. Pete and Nora Gracen would have divorced. In 2001 it was reported that co-creator David Greenwalt, who later went on to produce the Buffy the Vampire Slayer spin-off series Angel, once entertained the idea of having Adrian Pasdar reprise his role as Jim Profit on Angel. The main villains in Angel were a law firm called Wolfram & Hart, and Profit would have joined the firm. Conflicting working schedules with Pasdar (then the lead on NBC's Mysterious Ways), and the predictable difficulties in securing the rights to use the Jim Profit character prevented this from happening before Angel's run ended in its fifth and final season in 2004. Notes According to the 2005 DVD releases’ "Greed Kills" featurette, McNamara and Greenwalt developed the concept for Profit after McNamara attended a local (i.e., L.A.) touring production of Richard III (in modern dress and set in the 1930s) featuring Sir Ian McKellen. In the audio commentary of the 2005 Region 1 DVD, McNamara and Greenwalt indicated that Fox executives requested that the character of Bobbi Stakowski be changed from being Profit's biological mother to the somewhat less-inflammatory status of being his step-mother. According to the "Greed Kills" featurette, Profit's traumatic upbringing was based on research Greenwalt had done on the childhood of a real-life serial killer (who had been similarly raised in a box, with only a television present to "raise" it), as described in the nonfiction novel Whoever Fights Monsters: My Twenty Years Tracking Serial Killers for the FBI by Robert K. Ressler & Tom Shachtman. The relevant passage is located in Chapter 4 titled Childhoods of Violence: "One woman propped her infant son in a cardboard box in front of the television set, and left for work; later, she'd put him in a playpen, toss in some food, and let the TV set be the baby-sitter until she came home again." Stephen J. Cannell, executive producer of Profit, admitted the name "Profit" is a bit of homage to the crazed Mel Profitt character (portrayed by Kevin Spacey) in Cannell's critically acclaimed Wiseguy TV series. Stephen J. Cannell reportedly was "shopping" a revival of Profit around July 1996, and said that the cable network Showtime had "shown some interest". A Showtime original series with some similarity to Profit called Dexter premiered in 2006; since then Dexter has received numerous awards and widespread critical acclaim. Lisa Darr, who played Profit's assistant Gail Koner, had a small role as a defense attorney in the season-four premiere episode, "Living the Dream". In the episode, Darr's character is cross-examining the title character (Dexter Morgan) and destroying his credibility on the stand. Sherman Augustus, who played Profit's male rival Jeffrey Sykes, also had a small role on Dexter as "Benjamin Caffrey" in the season 7 episode Helter Skelter. Cultural references The feature film Cement directed by Adrian Pasdar featured a scene where the character Fergus watches part of the pilot episode of Profit on a TV. Fergus says "It's 8:00, time for Profit"; 8:00pm was the original time-slot for Profit in the Central/Mountain time zone when it first aired on Fox. The scene also includes numerous shots of a fish tank similar to the one located in Profit's apartment. The character of Joséphine Karlsson from the French TV series Engrenages (Spiral) was directly inspired by Jim Profit according to series producer Alain Clert. Possible revival In mid-2018 Adrian Pasdar stated that a reboot of Profit'' was under development by director/producer Tawnia McKiernan, daughter of Stephen J. Cannell. References External links So Many Traps to Set: Subversions and Subversiveness in Profit – graat.fr 1996 American television series debuts 1996 American television series endings Fox Broadcasting Company original programming Serial drama television series Television series by Stephen J. Cannell Productions Television series by New World Television Television series created by John McNamara (writer) 1990s American drama television series English-language television shows Television shows filmed in Vancouver
Sirmaur may refer to the following places in India: Sirmur State, a former princely state Sirmaur district, a district in Himachal Pradesh Sirmaur, Rewa, a town in Madhya Pradesh
Imperial College Press (ICP) was formed in 1995 as a partnership between Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London and World Scientific publishing. This publishing house was awarded the rights, by The Nobel Foundation, Sweden, to publish The Nobel Prize: The First 100 years, edited by Agneta Wallin Levinovitz and Nils Ringertz. They publish areas of teaching and research at Imperial College: Chemistry, Computer Science, Economics, Finance & Management, Engineering, Environmental Science, Life Sciences, Mathematics, Medicine & Healthcare, and Physics. As of August 2016, ICP has been fully incorporated into World Scientific under the new imprint, World Scientific Europe. Selected journals Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Journal of Integrative Neuroscience International Journal of Innovation Management Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management References Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom University presses of the United Kingdom History of Imperial College London Publishing companies established in 1995 Organisations associated with Imperial College London
Charles Pollard Goff (born November 9, 1951 in Barranquilla, Colombia) is an American educator and founding member of Cemanahuac Educational Community, a Spanish and Latin American culture school in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Early life Goff was born in Barranquilla, Colombia, to James E. and Margaret Louise Pollard Goff. He spent his childhood and teenage years in Colombia, graduating from Colegio Nueva Granada in Bogotá in 1969. He then attended college, taking undergraduate courses at UC Santa Cruz, the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the Ibero-American University of Mexico City, and the State University of New York. He graduated from Cal State-Northridge with a Bachelor of Arts in anthropology, specializing in Mayan culture. Cemanahuac Goff is a founding member of Cemanahuac Educational Community, a highly respected Spanish-language school in Cuernavaca, Mexico. Founded in 1974, Cemanahuac offers courses in Spanish language, Latin-American studies and Mesoamerican anthropology. Currently, over 2400 students from all over the world study at Cemanahuac every year, with over ninety colleges and universities from the United States accepting direct credit transfer from the school. Goff currently serves as admissions coordinator for the school, as well as handling the school's finances, hiring and public relations. He also teaches several courses, is an active lecturer at the school, and oversees and conducts field studies. Other activities In addition to coordinating field trips for Cemanahuac, Goff has used his extensive knowledge of Mexico and Central America to assist many other organizations with field studies, including Ohio State University, Elderhostel, the National Association of Editorial Writers, and the Land Improvement Contractors Association of America, along with several high schools. He has also served as keynote speaker for several bilingual education and social studies seminars, and is active in many professional organizations in these areas. He serves on the board of directors for VAMOS, a charitable organization dedicated to helping the poor in the Mexican state of Morelos. Goff is a member of Cuernavaca's Frente Civico, an organization founded to protect the environment, art, and archeological site known as Casino de la Selva. As a result of his activist activities, Goff was arrested in 2002. All charges were subsequently dropped. He also serves on the board of the human rights foundation named for the famous former Bishop of Morelos, Don Sergio Méndez Arceo. In April 2010 Goff questioned the authenticity of an AP story about rampant "fear" in Cuernavaca. https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gMi5B2USfJStXxfqgWWr2xjRYpOgD9FC8M2O0 The story, viewed by Goff as fear-mongering, was picked up by papers around the world and has impacted Cuernavaca's tourism-based economy. Goff challenged the paper by re-interviewing those Cuernavaca citizens the AP quoted in their article and confronting AP's Latin American Bureau Chief, Niko Price, with the distortions in the article. In June 2010 a Mexico City English-language newspaper wrote about Goff's confrontation with AP. https://web.archive.org/web/20100616005804/http://thenews.com.mx/articulo/ap-shows-its-stripes-1063 As of October 2010, Goff has a regular column, "Charlie's Digs," appearing in The News, Mexico's only English-speaking newspaper. Goff's column can be found at https://web.archive.org/web/20100207173723/http://thenews.com.mx/ Some of Goff's MesoAmerican stories can be seen on Kentucky's Channel 2. https://player.vimeo.com/video/10561811 In recent years Goff has been a mitigation expert on death penalty cases in both California and Alabama. References http://thenews.com.mx/articulo/aps-price-goes-to-eu-be-afraid-be-very-afraid-10825 https://web.archive.org/web/20100616005804/http://thenews.com.mx/articulo/ap-shows-its-stripes-1063 https://web.archive.org/web/20101214135318/http://www.cemanahuac.com/TheNews.pdf External links Cemanahuac Educational Community homepage VAMOS homepage Frente Civico homepage https://www.facebook.com/pages/Charlie-Goff/141423393579 https://player.vimeo.com/video/10561811 American educators People from Barranquilla California State University, Northridge alumni 1951 births Living people People from Cuernavaca
Diacme claudialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Colombia. References Moths described in 1875 Spilomelinae
Fucoidan is a long chain sulfated polysaccharide found in various species of brown algae. Commercially available fucoidan is commonly extracted from the seaweed species Fucus vesiculosus, Cladosiphon okamuranus, Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida. Variant forms of fucoidan have also been found in animal species, including the sea cucumber. Fucoidan occurs in the cell walls of the seaweed plant and serves to protect it from external stresses. The same protective benefits that are of value to the seaweed plant have also found to be of potential benefit for both human and animal health. Fucoidan extracts are utilised in a range of therapeutic health care preparations, being incorporated as high value ingredients in nutritional, medical device, skincare and dermatological products. The bioactivity of fucoidan extracts is largely determined by the fucoidan extraction method and the seaweed species from which it is extracted. Fucoidan extraction methods, purity, bioactivity, global regulatory approvals and source seaweed species vary between fucoidan producers. History Fucoidan-containing seaweeds have a rich history of medicinal and therapeutic use. The earliest records have been unearthed at Monte Verde in Chile, where archaeological digs have uncovered evidence of their use dating to circa 12000 BC. Early therapeutic use was also evident in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. In the 17th century, the English botanist John Gerard noted the use of seaweed to treat a wide variety of ailments. Fucoidan itself was not isolated and described until the early 1900s. In 1913, Swedish Professor Harald Kylin became the first to describe the slimy film found on many seaweeds as ‘fucoidin’ or ‘fucoijin’. The substance subsequently became known as ‘fucoidan’ based on the international naming convention on sugars. Research in the early 20th century focused on extracting crude extracts and reconciling some of the conflicting views on fucoidan. Methods of extracts and isolation of fucoidan from brown seaweeds were determined on laboratory scale by Black et al. at the Institute of Seaweed Research in the UK. Global research opportunities expanded once fucoidan became commercially available in the 1970s from Sigma Inc. Anti-cancer effects were amongst the first to be reported by Japanese researchers, followed by effects on immune modulation and then anti-tumour, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory responses. Today, fucoidan continues to be used as a complementary therapy in many parts of Asia, namely Japan and Korea, where it is not uncommon for it to be recommended to patients undergoing treatment for cancer. Interest in, and use of, fucoidan is growing rapidly across the western world as scientific research gains momentum and global regulatory approvals expand. The use of fucoidan as a novel ingredient in dietary supplements, skincare products and functional foods and beverages is increasing. Active research into the health benefits of fucoidan continues across a range of health indications including anti-cancer, immune modulation, anti-viral, digestive health, anti-inflammation, wound healing and anti-ageing applications. Research Over 2300 scientific peer-reviewed papers now indicate various bioactive functions of fucoidan. Research has predominantly focussed on the areas of anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-inflammation, immunity, gut and digestive health, wound healing and anti-ageing. Emerging areas of scientific research include microbiome, renal disease, dental health, biomaterials, drug delivery, neuroprotection, coagulation and cardiovascular applications. Active fucoidan research occurs in Australia, Japan, Korea, Russia and China in addition to Europe and the Americas. Chemistry Fucoidans are sulfated polysaccharides derived primarily from brown algae. The main sugar found in the polymer backbone is fucose, hence the name fucoidan. Other sugars are often present alongside fucose, including galactose, xylose, arabinose and rhamnose. The relative content of these sugars in fucoidan varies significantly between species of algae and can also be affected by the extraction method. The same holds true for the degree of sulfation and other structural features such as acetylation that are only found in fucoidans from certain species. The polymer backbone is negatively charged owing to the presence of sulfate groups and is thus balanced by the presence of metal cations. The molecular weight of fucoidans is typically high (ca. 50-1000 kDa) and the distribution polydisperse. Extraction techniques that minimise polymer degradation tend to preserve this feature, while other methods can be used to target more specific molecular weight fractions (e.g. 8 kDa). These low molecular weight fractions are generally low yielding and tend to be used for functional research. Full chemical characterisation is complicated by the number of structural features present in fucoidan. As such, accurate fucoidan analysis involves the use of a number of assays, to quantify the carbohydrates, sulfation, acetylation, molecular weight and cations. These are determined using a number of techniques, including UV-Vis spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP). Gas Chromatography (GC) is also often used to determine the sugar composition of the carbohydrate backbone. Fucoidan product Fucoidan can be utilised as a stand-alone ingredient or readily incorporated with other ingredients. Delivery formats vary from capsules and tablets to creams, gels, liquids and serums. Fucoidan is currently utilised in a wide range of products currently on the market such as dietary supplements, skincare products, medical devices, functional food and beverages and animal health products. Fucoidan is also utilised in medical and pharmaceutical research. Safety & Quality Control Fucoidan is a natural seaweed compound that has been shown to be non-toxic and non-allergenic. Clinical testing has confirmed that high purity, certified organic fucoidan extracts are safe for human consumption. Specifically, Undaria pinnatifida (wakame seaweed) and Fucus vesiculosus are approved for consumption by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), who classify fucoidan as a biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic dietary supplement that is “Generally Regarded As Safe” (GRAS). In recent years, certain fucoidan extracts in particular have attained regulatory approvals in a number of global jurisdictions, mainly for use in food and dietary supplements. Some extracts are consumed via energy drinks or within vitamin-enriched powdered supplement packets that are mixed into water. A 2019 peer review noted that, as fucoidan’s global awareness and approval continues to rise, the variation in product quality has shifted—both positively and negatively— with some brands manufacturing products devoid of any actual fucoidan extract, yet using the word “fucoidans” to appear attractive to consumers. Studies have indicated several instances of fucoidan product manufacturers engaging in false advertising, with tests on several commercially available brands of fucoidan supplements showing the presence of different polysaccharides altogether. Some of the tested brand-names listed “fucoidans” as the primary ingredient on their product’s nutrition label and outer packaging, yet the presence of glucose or cellulose was revealed. Manufacturers (and consumers) are encouraged to verify the provenance and identity of fucoidan ingredients before incorporating them into formulations, and to support the purchasing of products strictly from reputable producers, brand-names and companies. Sustainability Leading fucoidan producers demonstrate a strong commitment to the sustainable and ethical sourcing of seaweed from which to extract fucoidan. They are able to demonstrate quality and transparency across the supply chain, from the seaweed harvesting process through to fucoidan manufacturing methods, energy consumption, quality assurance and waste management. As the commercial use of seaweed gains momentum across the globe, and novel applications rise to the fore, it is important that sustainable management practices are maintained. Global fucoidan producers currently vary in their seaweed harvesting practices, locations and standards, including harvesting wild stocks vs farmed seaweeds, and harvesting in clean ocean waters vs those prone to various forms of contamination. See also Porphyran Phycocolloid References External links Refer to 69th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cancer Association Refer to Fucoidan evidence Refer to Fucoidan Tsushin Specified non-profit juridical person（NPO） Cytotechnology（2005）47:117 126 Refer to NPO Research Institute of Fucoidan Dietary supplements Polysaccharides Brown algae
Giancarlo Cecconi (15 May 1935 – 8 February 2012) was an Italian sports shooter. He competed in the 50 metre running target event at the 1972 Summer Olympics. References External links 1935 births 2012 deaths Italian male sport shooters Olympic shooters for Italy Shooters at the 1972 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from the Province of Pistoia
The following lists events that happened in 2015 in France. Incumbents President – François Hollande (Socialist) Prime Minister – Manuel Valls (Socialist) Events January January 6 – Former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin enters the Constitutional Council. January 7 – Gunmen kill 12 people at the headquarters of Charlie Hebdo in Paris. January 8 – One of the suspects in the killings, Hamyd Mourad, voluntarily surrenders to police at Charleville-Mézières while the other two suspects are still at large. January 9 – Gunshots are reported in Dammartin-en-Goele as a manhunt continues for two suspects nearby. January 9 – A hostage situation occurs at a Jewish market, Hypercacher, in the eastern Paris suburb of Vincennes. There are two suspected hostage takers, Hayat Boumeddiene, 26, and Amedy Coulibaly, 32, who were previously suspected of shooting a policewoman dead earlier in the week. There were at least sixteen hostages. The standoff ends with Coulibaly dead as well as four hostages. Four additional hostages and two police officers require hospitalization. Boumeddiene remains at large. February February 9 – Hooded gunmen attack French police in the city of Marseille, which Prime Minister Manuel Valls is due to visit. March March 9 – Villa Castelli helicopter collision: Two helicopters collide over Western Argentina, killing 10 people, including three French sports stars. March 22 – Voters in France go to the polls for the first round of voting in local government elections. Exit polls show the conservative UMP in first place, Marine Le Pen's National Front in second, with President Francois Hollande's French Socialist Party in third. March 24 – A Germanwings flight carrying 144 passengers and six crew crashes en route from Barcelona, Spain, to Düsseldorf, Germany, in a mountainous region of the Alps near Digne-les-Bains in Southern France. All on board are dead. April April 16 – Vladimir Putin wants France to refund Russia for Mistral warships. The deal for these warships may not go through because of conflict over the Ukrainian crisis April 19 – Sid Ahmed Ghlam, a 24-year-old Algerian student, is arrested in Paris on suspicion of plotting a terrorist attack on one or more churches as well as for the killing of Aurélie Châtelain. April 22 – President François Hollande says he will refund Russia for the Mistral warships if the deal falls through April 30- Qatar buys 24 Rafale fighter jets from France, paying about 6.3 billion euros (or 7.05 million US dollars). Qatar is in search of military power due to instability in the Middle Eastern region. They are fearful of recent conflict in Yemen, Syria, and Libya, as well as the growing power of Iran. The deal also "includes MBDA missiles, and the training of 36 Qatari pilots and 100 technicians by the French army". France's arms exports are now at 15 billion euros for this year. May May 4 – Gilles Le Guen, who is accused of working with a branch of Al-Queda in North Africa, goes into trial in Paris. He is the first person to go on trial for a new anti-terrorism law that was passed in 2012. This law "allows French prosecutors to go after citizens who are suspected of participating in terrorist acts on foreign soil, or who have left the country to receive terrorist training." May 6 – The French parliament passes a bill that gives power to intelligence services to do things such as tap cell phones and read emails. Intelligence services can use these powers "while bypassing the judiciary". The point of this bill is to protect France from security threats. The bill has raised questions about privacy of the French people May 7 A French family is trapped in Portuguese water after their ship capsizes near the mid-Atlantic Azores islands. The six-year-old girl of the family dies of hypothermia after being stranded in 21 degree Celsius water for 7 hours. The rest of the family was rescued by a Spanish hospital ship. Wiretaps of Nicolas Sarkozy (head of the UMP) were approved by a French court to be used as evidence. These wiretappings would likely be used against Sarkozy in a corruption case against him. Sarkozy's phones were first bugged "over allegations that he accepted illicit payments from L'Oréal heiress Liliane Bettencourt for his 2007 presidential campaign, much of it in cash-filled envelopes." The recordings entail conversations between Sarkozy and his lawyer. This case is seen as a threat to Sarkozy's recent "political comeback". The state prosecutor of France confirms that judges in France will investigate rape allegations against French peacekeepers in Bangui, Central African Republic. The allegations come from six children between the ages of 9 and 13, claiming that fourteen French soldiers raped them in exchange for food between December 2013 and June 2014. June June 7 – The 2015 French Open tennis tournament concludes at Stade Roland Garros. Stan Wawrinka wins the Men's Singles title, and Serena Williams the Ladies' Singles. June 26 – "Vendredi Noir": At Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, near Lyon, a French Muslim, Yassin Salhi, murders his employer Hervé Cornara and drives a van into gas cylinders at a factory, causing an explosion. July July 26 – The 2015 Tour de France concludes in Paris, and is won by Chris Froome of Team Sky, the first British rider to win the Tour twice. August August 21 – An attempted mass shooting occurred on board a Thalys train on its way to Paris from Amsterdam. Four people including the assailant were injured but no fatalities were reported. Three Americans and one British person, who all helped to subdue the gunmen, were made Knights of the Legion of Honour (Chevaliers de la Légion d'honneur) by President François Hollande. October October 12 – Jean-Jacques Hyest enters the Constitutional Council. November November 13 – Terrorist attacks rip through France with as many as 130 people reported to be dead. The Islamic State claims responsibility of the shooting. December December 25 – A Muslim prayer hall is ransacked in Ajaccio, Corsica during a series of protests by Corsican nationalists. General The penetration rate of the mobile phone in French Republic is around 107-109%. Deaths January January 1 – Géry Leuliet, Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1910) January 2 Charles Baur, politician (b. 1929) Maurice Fontaine, politician (b. 1919) January 4 – Ives Roqueta, Occitan author (b. 1936) January 5 – Jean-Pierre Beltoise, racing driver (b. 1937) January 7 Cabu, cartoonist (b. 1938) Elsa Cayat, psychoanalyst and columnist (b. 1960) Charb, cartoonist and journalist (b. 1967) Philippe Honoré, cartoonist (b. 1941) Bernard Maris, economist and journalist (b. 1946) Mustapha Ourrad, Algerian-born French copy editor (b. 1954) Tignous, cartoonist (b. 1957) Georges Wolinski, cartoonist (b. 1934) January 9 Amedy Coulibaly, Islamic Jihadist (b. 1982) Chérif and Saïd Kouachi, Islamic Jihadists (b. 1980 and 1982) Christian Vanneque, sommelier and restaurateur (b. 1949) January 15 – Jean-Claude Baker, French-born American restaurateur (b. 1943) January 16 – Patrick Journoud, athlete (b. 1964) January 20 – Wilfride Piollet, ballerina and choreographer (b. 1943) January 24 – Robert Bonnaventure, cyclist (b. 1920) January 25 – Pierre Gosnat, politician (b. 1948) January 28 – Yves Chauvin, Belgian-French Nobel chemist (b. 1930) February February 1 – Aldo Ciccolini, Italian-French pianist (b. 1925) February 6 – Assia Djebar, Algerian writer (b. 1936) February 10 Corinne Le Poulain, actress (b. 1948) Bernard Marie, rugby league referee and politician (b. 1918) February 12 – Désiré Dondeyne, composer (b. 1921) February 14 Louis Jourdan, actor (b. 1921) Philippe Massoni, prefect (b. 1936) February 17 – Henri Martin, political activist (b. 1927) February 19 – Gérard Ducarouge, Formula One car designer (b. 1941) February 20 – Gérard Calvi, French film score composer (b. 1922) March March 2 – Bettina Graziani, fashion model (b. 1925) March 3 André Brulé, racing driver (b. 1921) Gilles Cistac, French-Mozambican human rights lawyer (b. 1961) March 9 Florence Arthaud, sailor (b. 1957) Camille Muffat, swimmer (b. 1989) Alexis Vastine, boxer (b. 1986) March 24 Oleg Bryjak, Kazakh-German opera singer (b. 1960) Maria Radner, German opera singer (b. 1981) Victims of crash of Germanwings Flight 9525 April April 9 – Nina Companeez, screenwriter and film director (b. 1937) April 19 – Murder of Aurélie Châtelain, a fitness instructor. May May 10 - Rachel Rosenthal, French-American actress and dancer (b. 1926) May 17 - Claude Carliez, French fencer and stuntman (b. 1925) July July 17 - Jules Bianchi, racing driver (b. 1989) July December December 23 - Jean-Marie Pelt , a biologist. See also History of France 2015 in French television 2015 Île-de-France attacks List of French films of 2015 References 2010s in France
Bolsover South is a former railway station in Carr Vale, Bolsover, Derbyshire, England. History The station was opened by the LD&ECR in March 1897 as plain "Bolsover". It was closed to all traffic by British Railways in December 1951, primarily due to the prohibitive cost of repairing and maintaining Bolsover Tunnel. Track lifting started immediately after closure and was completed within weeks, though the station building survived as an increasingly vandalised eyesore for some years. The photograph opposite shows the characteristic Station Master's house in 1963, the station itself was behind the bush on the extreme right of the photo. Also behind the photo to the left was a railway-served jam factory. The station was built in Carr Vale and was one of only two places on the LD&ECR where a level crossing was necessary, the other being Skellingthorpe. To the west was Doe Lea Viaduct and to the east was a limestone ridge through which it was necessary to drive the notorious Bolsover Tunnel. To the east of this was the next station at Scarcliffe. The station architecture was in the company's characteristic modular style with much glazing as were, for example, Arkwright Town, Edwinstowe and Ollerton. 1912 was a notable year for Bolsover South, with flash floods on 27 July and 26 August. References Sources Further reading External links The station on a post war O.S. map in npe Maps The station on a navigable Edwardian 6" OS map, with overlays in National Library of Scotland The station and line in Rail Maps Online The station and lots besides inYahoo Bolsover railway structures in Signalboxes The station on line CLN1 in Railway Codes Disused railway stations in Derbyshire Former Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1897 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1951 Bolsover
The Great Northern O-1 was a class of 145 2-8-2 "Mikado"-type steam locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works between 1911 and 1919 and used by the Great Northern Railway until the late 1950s. The O-1s, along with other O Class Mikados of the Great Northern, were used system-wide to pull freight trains. As of today, only one O-1 has been preserved, No. 3059, from the second batch of O-1s. It was retired in December 1957 and is on display near the Williston depot in Williston, North Dakota. Design The class featured a Belpaire firebox deep by wide; giving a grade area of . This was attached to a tapered boiler that was pressed to – even though it had been designed for – feeding steam to two cylinders, which were connected to diameter driving wheels by Walschaerts valve gear. The last five locomotives were delivered with Southern valve gear; however, these were later replaced with Walschaerts. Construction All 145 locomotives were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in four batches between August 1911 and February 1919. Baldwin class 12-50--E was assigned. Two engines were built as oil burners: 3020 and 3021. Service All were assigned to haul freight trains system wide. During the 1940s, twelve (3004, 3022, 3033, 3048, 3071, 3100, 3106, 3135, 3137, 3138, 3142, 3144) were equipped with boosters, which added between of tractive effort; these were removed in the early 1950s. Between 1925 and 1944, thirteen O-1s (Nos. 3023, 3024, 3026, 3028, 3029, 3039, 3043, 3064, 3099, 3108, 3121, 3122 and 3134) were sold to the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway. Two engines were retired after being involved in wrecks: 3113 in 1946, and 3128 in 1949; the latter was so badly damaged it was scrapped on site. The remaining locomotives were retired between 1948 and 1958. The Great Northern were in no hurry to scrap them as it was as late as 1963 that the last locomotive to be scrapped was cut up. The Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway scrapped its O-1s between 1945 and 1950. Preservation Only one O-1 has survived into preservation, No. 3059 of the second batch. It was built in February 1913 and retired in December 1957. On August 2, 1958, it was donated for display near the Williston Depot in Williston, North Dakota and currently resides there. It is the sole surviving Great Northern "Mikado" type steam locomotive. References Great Northern Railway (U.S.) 2-8-2 locomotives Baldwin locomotives Freight locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1911 O-1 Standard gauge locomotives of the United States Steam locomotives of the United States
Korolyov, also transliterated as Korolev or Korolov (), or its feminine variant Korolyova, Koroleva, Korolova (), is a common Russian surname, and the name of multiple places in Russia. It is derived from the word korol (), meaning "king". Korolyov may refer to: People Aleksandr Korolyov (disambiguation), several people Alexey Korolev (born 1987), Kazakhstani ski jumper Andrey Korolev (1944–1999), Russian linguist Anton Korolev, Russian ice hockey player Boris Korolev, Soviet sculptor Denis Borisovich Korolyov (born 1987), Russian footballer Dmitry Korolyov (born 1988), Russian footballer Evgeny Korolev (born 1988), Kazakhstani tennis player Igor Korolev (1970–2011), Russian hockey player Lev Korolyov (disambiguation), multiple people Natasha Korolyova (born 1973), Russian singer of popular music Nikolay Korolyov (sergeant) (1921–1943), Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolay Korolyov (boxer) (1917–1974), Soviet boxer Oleg Korolyov (born 1952), Governor of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia Oleg A. Korolev (born 1968), Russian artist Sergei Borisovich Korolyov, Russian official Sergei Korolev (disambiguation), multiple people Sergei Alexandrovich Korolev (1874–1932), industrial microbiology creator Sergei Borisovich Korolev (1962–), Russian intelligence officer and deputy director of the FSB Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907–1966), leading rocket engineer and designer of the Soviet Union Yaroslav Korolev (born 1987), Russian basketball player Yevgeni Korolyov (disambiguation), several people with this name Yuri Korolev (born 1962), gymnast Yuri Korolev (ice hockey) (born 1934), ice hockey administrator Places Korolyov Urban Okrug, a municipal formation which Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Moscow Oblast, Russia is incorporated as Korolyov (inhabited locality), several inhabited localities in Russia Korolev (lunar crater), a Lunar crater named after Sergey Korolyov Korolev (Martian crater), a crater on Mars named after Sergey Korolyov 1855 Korolyov, an asteroid named in honour of Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov Other S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, an aerospace corporation named after Sergey Korolyov Korolyov RP-318, Russia's first rocket-powered aircraft, built by Sergey Korolyov (Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov) "Korolev", a 2015 tune by Public Service Broadcasting RFS Korolev, a Ropucha-class landing ship in the Russian Navy Russian-language surnames
Serçin is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Söke, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 648 (2022). References Neighbourhoods in Söke District
Aldora Itunu (born 28 June 1991) is a rugby union player from New Zealand. She made her debut for the Black Ferns in 2015 and was selected for the 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad. In the highest level of New Zealand domestic women's rugby competition, Itunu plays for the Auckland Storm as does her sister Linda Itunu. She spent a season playing in England and has also played in Italy. Itunu played for the Blues against the Chiefs in the first-ever women's Super Rugby match in New Zealand on 1 May 2021. On 3 November 2021, she was named in the Blues squad for the inaugural Super Rugby Aupiki competition. Itunu was named in the Blues starting line up for their first game against Matatū, they won 21–10. She also started in their 0–35 thrashing by the Chiefs Manawa in the final round. References External links Aldora Itunu at Black Ferns 1991 births Living people New Zealand women's international rugby union players New Zealand female rugby union players
The Mystic River Railroad Bridge is a railroad bridge carrying Amtrak's Northeast Corridor over the Mystic River in Mystic, Connecticut, between the towns of Groton and Stonington. There have been three bridges at this location. The first bridge was a single-tracked, wooden drawbridge in 1819, which was replaced with a steel swing bridge in 1875. The current bridge was built in 1984, and is a truss-style swing bridge, providing of vertical clearance when closed. The two tracks running over the bridge are owned by Amtrak, are part of its Northeast Corridor route, and are used to operate its Northeast Regional and Acela Express services. There is a proposal, however, to extend Shore Line East Commuter Rail Service from its current terminus in New London to Mystic, which would require crossing this bridge. The bridge is the easternmost drawbridge on the Amtrak-owned Northeast Corridor in Connecticut. See also List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Connecticut References External links Railroad bridges in Connecticut Historic American Engineering Record in Connecticut Mystic, Connecticut New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad bridges Bridges in New London County, Connecticut Amtrak bridges Steel bridges in the United States
Isabella Cervoni (Colle Val d'Elsa, 1575–1600) was an Italian poet of the Counter-Reformation period, active between 1590 and 1600. She wrote encomiastic and polemical poems addressed to numerous secular and religious dignitaries of the Italian Renaissance, including Pope Clement VIII, Maria de' Medici, Christina of Lorraine and Henry IV of France. She was praised for her talent and ambition by Cristoforo Bronzini in his 1625 dialogue Della dignità delle donne, dialogo…settimana prima e giornata quarta as having "given the world many beautiful and spiritual compositions" despite her "most tender age." Biography Cervoni was the daughter of the poet Giovanni Cervoni (1508-after 1582), who wrote frequently for the Medici court and published with Giorgio Marescotti in Florence. Like her father, in her early work Cervoni concentrated on praise of the Medici family. Her first poem on record is the 1590 "" which can be found in manuscript form in the National Central Library (Florence). The poem, written when she could not have been older than fifteen, is addressed to Christina of Lorraine on the birth of her son, Cosimo II de' Medici. She first published in 1592, with a second canzone to Lorraine on the occasion of Cosimo II's baptism. Her subject matter shifted in the middle of the 1590s, when she began to focus less on the familial milestones of the Medici family, and more on the political and religious upheavals of the period. This is evident in her canzoni dedicated to Henry IV of France and Pope Clement VIII in 1597, both of which celebrated the French king's conversion from Protestantism to Catholicism. Her most unusual publication, which was printed in 1598 by Giovanni Battista Bellagamba in Bologna, is Orazione della Signora Isabella Cervoni da Colle al santissimo, e beatissimo padre, e Signor Nostro, Papa Clemente Ottavo, Sopra l’impresa di Ferrarra, con una canzone della medesima, a[‘] Prencipi Cristiani. The 28-page piece, addressed to Pope Clement VIII, includes a lengthy oration praising the pope for his peaceful takeover of the city of Ferrara earlier that year, and a canzone that forcefully criticizes both Henry IV of France and Philip II of Spain for their continuous fighting. Cervoni finishes her poem with a call for the princes of Europe to put down their arms and form a league in support of Clement's ambitions to fight again the Ottoman Empire. Cervoni was also inducted into the prestigious Accademia degli Affidati in Pavia, most likely between 1598 and 1600—a rarity for women writers of any age in the period. It is not known when Cervoni died; there is no information available on her after 1600. List of works Manuscripts " Magl. VII.138. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence, 1590. Printed works . Florence: Sermartelli, 1592. . Florence: Giorgio Marescotti, 1597a. . Florence: Giorgio Marescotti, 1597b. . Bologna: Giovanni Battista Bellagamba, 1598. . Florence: Giorgio Marescotti. 1600. Poetry in other volumes “Di sostenere homai, qual nuovo Atlante” in Oratione, e poemi de gli Affidati nella morte del catolico Filippo II, re di Spagna. Pavia: Eredi di Girolamo Bartoli, 1599. “Mentr’à la Gloria i pensier vostri alzate” in Cervoni, Giovanni. Discorso in laude de la christianissima madama Maria de’Medici. Florence: Giorgio Marescotti, 1600. Several pieces of correspondence verse between Cervoni and Massini, including poems pertaining to her acceptance into the Affidati, in Massini, Filippo. Rime. Pavia: Andrea Viani, 1609. References Italian women poets 1575 births 1600 deaths 16th-century Italian women writers
Täljö is a locality situated in Österåker Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 387 inhabitants in 2010. References Populated places in Österåker Municipality
Monomeith was a railway station on the South Gippsland line in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. The station operated until the late 1970s. None of this station remains intact except for a very rusty set of points coming out of the former station, however the track still in reasonable condition. Despite hopes of re-opening the line between Cranbourne and Leongatha of which this station is part, the Victorian State Government has decided not to reopen the line, as the costs were too high, at $72 million dollars. Improved coach services have been provided instead. Near the former Monomeith Railway Station is the local horse club. There is also the Worri Yallock Creek concrete piles trestle bridge nearby the station site, which is the second largest bridge on the South Gippsland Railway Line. Disused railway stations in Victoria (state)
"Daughter of Ferrix" is the eleventh episode of the American streaming television series Andor, based on Star Wars created by George Lucas. It was written by Tony Gilroy and directed by Benjamin Caron. The episode stars Diego Luna as Cassian Andor, who reprises his role from the Star Wars spinoff film, Rogue One (2016). Toby Haynes was hired in September 2020 after a production delay due the COVID-19 pandemic, and Gilroy joined the series as showrunner in early 2019, replacing Stephen Schiff. Both executive produce alongside Luna and Kathleen Kennedy. "Daughter of Ferrix" was released on Disney+ on November 16, 2022. Plot Cassian Andor and fellow prisoner Ruescott Melshi manage to evade capture by holding onto the side of a cliff for several hours. When the patrols eventually leave, they explore the desolate planet eventually coming across a ship. They attempt to steal it from a pair of Narkinian fishers, but are caught in a trap. Andor and Melshi manage to prove they are prisoners, causing the fishers to decide to free them due to the Empire's destruction of their planets wildlife in order to supply the prisons. Maarva Andor passes away, and Brasso attempts to comfort a grieving B2EM0. Brasso carries her body away, observed by a crowd including disguised rebel Cinta Kaz and disguised imperial Corv. Corv informs Dedra Meero, who attempts to condense her funeral procession in two days by ordering they demand permits for each attender. Corv also reveals Ferrix's tradition of turning the deceased ashes into a brick to then help build their community. Sergeant Mosk contacts Syril Karn, revealing this, and Karn decides to attend the funeral to catch Andor. A traumatized and imprisoned Bix Caleen is taken back into torture to see if she knew Anto Kreegyr. Vel Sartha visits Luthen Sael's antiques shop, confronting his assistant Kleya Marki. Marki is angry at Vel for breaking protocol, but agrees to tell Rael of Maarva's death. Vel returns to her cousin, Mon Mothma's, house and views Mothma's daughter, Leida, partaking in an old courtship ritual in retaliation to her mothers objection against the Empire. Mothma confides in Vel about the Empire closing in on her missing money, grappling with the inevitability of her capture. Rael goes to Segra Meelo and discovers Saw Gerrera has changed his mind and now wishes to join Kreegyr on his mission. Rael admits that Kreegyr will die on his mission, which is why he can no longer allow Gerrera to join him. Gerrera's paranoia quickly takes over as he demands which one of his team is secretly a spy for Rael. He eventually calms down, and reluctantly agrees to sacrifice Kreegyr. Rael contacts Marki and begins to fly back to Coruscant when he is confronted by an Imperial Ship which demands registration. Rael tricks the ship into activating its tractor beam, using it to destroy the front of the ship before destroying the TIE fighters with lasers. On Niamos, Andor retrieves his belongings and contacts his friend Xanwan on Ferrix, discovering his adoptive mothers death. He decides to return to Ferrix, whilst Melshi leaves to spread the word of rebellion. They part ways, hoping to meet again. Production Development Disney CEO Bob Iger announced in February 2018 that there were several Star Wars series in development, and that November one was revealed as a prequel to the film Rogue One (2016). The series was described as a spy thriller show focused on the character Cassian Andor, with Diego Luna reprising his role from the film. Jared Bush originally developed the series, writing a pilot script and series bible for the project. By the end of November, Stephen Schiff was serving as showrunner and executive producer of the series. Tony Gilroy, who was credited as a co-writer on Rogue One and oversaw extensive reshoots for the film, joined the series by early 2019 when he discussed the first story details with Luna. Gilroy's involvement was revealed that October, when he was set to write the first episode, direct multiple episodes, and work alongside Schiff; Gilroy had officially replaced Schiff as showrunner by April 2020. Six weeks of pre-production for the series had taken place in the United Kingdom by then, but this was halted and production on the series delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-production had begun again by September ahead of a planned filming start the next month. At that time, Gilroy, who is based in New York, chose not to travel to the UK for production on the series due to the pandemic, and was therefore unable to direct the series' first episode. Instead, the UK-based Toby Haynes, who was already "high on the list" of potential directors for the series, was hired to direct the first three episodes. Gilroy would remain executive producer and showrunner. In December 2020, Luna was revealed to be executive producing the series. The eleventh episode, titled "Daughter of Ferrix", was written by Tony Gilroy. Writing Following the Narkina 5 prison arc, the final two episodes contained a connected story arc. When writing the scene in which Ruescott Melshi and Andor depart, Gilroy had decided that Melshi would not be coming with Andor to Ferrix, and also knew that Melshi would be motivated to be the "heroic version of that, which is, people have to know what he just went through", noting that all the characters had been "radicalized" following their incarceration on Narkina 5. He knew that while writing the scene, his first impulse was that the two characters could not be together. Gilroy was also satisfied that director Benjamin Caron had made the scene "feel like the end of Rogue One" (2016). Casting The episode stars Diego Luna as Cassian Andor, Kyle Soller as Syril Karn, Adria Arjona as Bix Caleen, Joplin Sibtain as Brasso, James McArdle as Timm Karlo, and Rupert Vansittart as Chief Hyne. Filming Filming began in London, England, at the end of November 2020, with the production based at Pinewood Studios. The series was filmed under the working title Pilgrim, and was the first live-action Star Wars series to not make use of the StageCraft digital background technology. Filming locations included Black Park in Buckinghamshire, England for the flashback scenes, as well as at Middle Peak Quarry in Derbyshire, England. Music Nicholas Britell composed the musical score for the episode. The episode's soundtrack was released in December 2022 as part of the third volume for the series. Release "Daughter of Ferrix" was released on Disney+ on November 16, 2022. Reception Critical response The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 94% approval rating, based on 17 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "Treating fans to a terrific dogfight while also breaking their hearts with a stern reminder about the cost of rebellion, Andor continues to impress." References External links Andor (TV series) episodes 2022 American television episodes Television episodes written by Tony Gilroy
Kentucky's system of 44 state parks has been referred to as "the nation's finest" and experiences more repeat business annually than those of any other U.S. state. The state's diverse geography provides a variety of environments to experience. From mountain lakes to expansive caves to forests teeming with wildlife, park-goers have their choice of attractions, and they are all within a day's drive of each other. Unless otherwise specified, data in the following lists are taken from Kentucky State Parks by Bill Bailey. Although the Kentucky Horse Park is owned by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, it is administered separately from the Department of Parks and is not a state park. Breaks Interstate Park is also separate, administered under an interstate compact with the state of Virginia, in partnership with the parks departments of both states. State recreational parks Kentucky's 24 "rec parks" span the state from Columbus to Pikeville. Each features outdoor camping areas with a variety of outdoor activities. State resort parks Kentucky offers more state resort parks than any other state. Each features a lodge complete with dining room and Wi-Fi wireless Internet access. State historic sites Ten of Kentucky's recreational parks and two of its resort parks are simultaneously designated as state historic sites. An additional eleven state historic sites are also maintained by the Kentucky Department of Parks. See also List of Kentucky state forests List of U.S. national parks References External links Kentucky Department of Parks Kentucky state parks
Spilotragus xanthus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl Jordan in 1903. It is known from Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler References Tragocephalini Beetles described in 1903
Narak is a Trans–New Guinea language of Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. References Languages of Western Highlands Province Chimbu–Wahgi languages
Brandon Lunty is a Canadian politician from the United Conservative Party. He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Leduc-Beaumont in the 2023 Alberta general election. Electoral history 2023 general election 2015 general election References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) United Conservative Party MLAs 21st-century Canadian politicians
Linne is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is a part of the municipality of Maasgouw, and lies about 6 km southwest of Roermond. History The village was first mentioned in 943 as Linne. The etymology is unclear. Linne developed in the Early Middle Ages along the Maas. It used to be part of Ambt Montfort. In 1716, it became part of the Dutch Republic. The Catholic St Martinus Church is a three aisled basilica-like church built in 1897 to replace the medieval church. The tower was blown up in 1945, and restored between 1950 and 1951. In 1993, it received a copy of its original crown after the 1992 earthquake. Linne was home to 621 people in 1840. In January 1945, Linne was liberated from German occupation within the scope of 'Operation Blackcock'. Linne was a separate municipality until 1991, when it was merged with Maasbracht. In 1992, the village which was hit by an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.5 on the Richter scale. Many buildings were damaged, but there were only 15 wounded. In 2007, it became part of the municipality of Maasgouw. Gallery References Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands) Former municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands) Maasgouw
The 2019 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup was the thirteenth season of the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup. The season, for the seventh year contested by the riders on equal KTM 250cc 4-stroke Moto3 bikes, was held over 12 races in seven meetings on the Grand Prix motorcycle racing calendar, beginning at Jerez on 4 May and ending on 22 September at MotorLand Aragón. Spanish rider Carlos Tatay won the championship, securing the title after the Misano race. Calendar Entry list Championship standings Points were awarded to the top fifteen riders, provided the rider finished the race. References External links Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup racing seasons
Startalk, formerly called as Startalk: The Only Showbiz Authority and Startalk TX is a Philippine television talk show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally hosted by Boy Abunda, Kris Aquino and Lolit Solis, it premiered on October 8, 1995, replacing Show & Tell. The show is the longest-running entertainment news and talk show in Philippine television. The show concluded on September 12, 2015, with a total of 1,024 episodes. Solis, Butch Francisco, Joey de Leon, Ricky Lo and Heart Evangelista served as the final hosts. It was replaced by CelebriTV in its timeslot. Overview Startalk premiered on October 8, 1995, and was filmed at the Fernandina Suites. Boy Abunda, Kris Aquino and Lolit Solis served as the hosts. Aquino left the show in 1996 and Dawn Zulueta later joined as a host. In 1997, Zulueta quit the show and Rosanna Roces served as her replacement. The show also featured Steve, Fayatollah and Pepita as segment hosts of T! The Tigbak Authority. Steve also served as a regular voice-over for the show. The show later added new segments such as Da Who, Startalk True Stories and Alok Bati. On June 5, 1999, Abunda departed the show and was replaced by Butch Francisco. In June 2004, Roces left the show. Lorna Tolentino and Joey de Leon became guest co-hosts until they were promoted as regular hosts. In 2008, Tolentino left the show and Ricky Lo of The Philippine Star served as her replacement. In April 2010, the show was retitled as Startalk TX. In 2013, Heart Evangelista joined as a host. The show's 1,000th episode aired on March 21, 2015, while its 1,024th episode served as the final episode. It featured a lookback on the show with clips of the previously aired episodes and a segment featuring Abunda. Hosts Lolit Solis Boy Abunda Kris Aquino Dawn Zulueta Rosanna Roces Butch Francisco Lorna Tolentino Joey de Leon Ricky Lo Heart Evangelista Segment hosts Pepita Fayatollah Steve Chariz Solomon Jan Manual Vaness del Moral Alyssa Alano Nina Kodaka Nathalie Hart Ratings According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the final episode of Startalk scored a 12.7% rating. Accolades References External links 1995 Philippine television series debuts 2015 Philippine television series endings Entertainment news shows in the Philippines Filipino-language television shows GMA Network original programming Philippine television talk shows
Macrozamia fraseri is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the south west of Western Australia, and restricted largely to the sandy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain and Geraldton Sandplains. The range of Macrozamia fraseri overlaps that of Macrozamia riedlei. The Noongar peoples know the plant as djiridji. Taxonomy The species was first described by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel. Description The form of the species is a low-trunked cycad or upright tree, being highly variable. Leaves are dull and distinctly keeled, leaflets are medium or small. The species grows in low heath, without jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata), on sand. Macrozamia fraseri is typical of cycads in being slow-growing, perennial, evergreen and dioecious. The trunk of old plants can be over a metre in height, with a surface burnt by bush fires of the past. Macrozamia fraseri contains poisonous glycosides known as cycasins. References fraseri Endemic flora of Western Australia Cycadophyta of Australia Least concern flora of Australia Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Gamasellus tundriensis is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae. References tundriensis Articles created by Qbugbot Animals described in 1982
Harold Parker Gilmour (19 March 1903 – 16 April 1969) was a volunteer Antarctic explorer, at $1 per annum, for the 1939–1941 Byrd Polar Expedition to Antarctica, as part of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS). Mount Gilmour, located in Antarctica, is named in his honor. Role as an explorer in the Byrd Antarctic Expedition 1939–1941 Harold P. Gilmour, "Gil", was the Administrative Assistant to the Expedition Commander, Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd and was the official Recorder and Historian for the Expedition. To this extent, Gilmour made a daily official journal of all events, from the day they set sail on the on 21 November 1939 from the Navy Yard Pier 41 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. to the day they returned in 1941. The vessel had originally set sail from Boston on 15 November 1939 after months of preparation for the voyage to Antarctica. The stop in Philadelphia was to load two planes on board. One was a single-engine Beechcraft to be used together with the Snow Cruiser, and the other was a twin-engine Condor to be used at the West Base for geological exploratory flights. Gilmour's recordings have been deposited in the National Archives in Washington, D.C.. Gilmour also made a parallel, unofficial journal of all daily events that is much more comprehensive and covers more personal aspects of the Expedition members ordeals during their time as part of this Expedition. This unofficial journal is in the hands of Gilmour's children. Born in Lynn, Massachusetts, Gilmour enlisted in the Navy as a teenager and was subsequently Honorably Discharged. When Gilmour was in his mid-thirties, he decided to switch gears and seek adventure and he volunteered for the United States Antarctic Service (USAS) to participate as an explorer in the 1939–1941 Expedition to the South Pole. He was assigned to Little America III – the West Base. During the long 1940 winter night, a Geological Party Expedition of four men was organized at the West Base and they prepared for the extremely long sledging trek on board two dog sleds to the Edsel Ford Ranges. The four-man party was composed of Lawrence A. Warner, leader and geologist, Charles F. Passel, geologist and radio operator, Harold P. Gilmour "Gil", recorder and collector of biological specimens and Loran Wells "Joe", photographer and observer. The extensive Warpasgiljo Glacier was discovered and named for these four members (WARner + PASsel + GILmour + JOe) of the Geological Party Expedition. The Geological Party's Expedition mapped and geologically surveyed most of the southern portion of the Edsel Ford Range, and also investigated the different natural resources of the area. They also triangulated and measured accurately to help create improved maps of the region. The four-man Geological Party Expedition left the West Base on 17 October 1940 and returned 82 days later on 7 January 1941 traveling a total of 691 nautical miles on board their dog sleds. Shortly into this almost 3-month expedition, one of Gilmour's wood skis broke. With no way to repair the ski, Gilmour continued with a half ski, and was nicknamed by the other Expedition Party members as "Ski-and-a-Half Gilmour". This extra strain on one leg left Gilmour with a limp for the rest of his life. He also had two toes amputated due to frostbite, a common occurrence among explorers of that era. In the nearly three-month expedition, they had to be supported by airplanes that deposited supplies at 100-mile intervals along their charted route. The Geological Party Expedition visited for the first time some 50 peaks in this region and some 300 geological specimens were collected. Mount Gilmour was one of those peaks and was named in honor of Harold P. Gilmour. Awards Gilmour was awarded an Antarctic Expedition Medal (gold version) for voluntary services duly rendered as Administrative Assistant and official Recorder and Historian to Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd during the 1939–1941 Polar Exploration to Antarctica. This medal was authorized by Congress on 24 September 1945 (Public Law 185, 79th Congress, 59 Stat. 536), to members of the United States Antarctic Expedition of 1939–1941. The medal was presented to Gilmour in Santiago, Chile by the US Ambassador Claude G. Bowers. Family Harold P. Gilmour was married to the former Agnes Vinson whom he later divorced and they had three children: Gloria Gilmour Ruth Marie Gilmour Phillip "Buddy" Gilmour On the homeward bound trip from Antarctica to Boston, the stopped for a few days in Valparaíso. There, Gilmour met a lady belonging to the Chilean aristocracy, María Teresa Correa, from Viña del Mar, Chile at a US Consulate reception. Nine months later, she traveled in company of her chaperon, her uncle Domingo Santa María Santa Cruz, to Oxford, Ohio where they were married on 24 April 1942. Together, they had three children: Cynthia L. Gilmour, born 24 June 1948 d 19 September 2002 Gregory D. Gilmour, born 1 January 1954 (grandchildren Gregory D. Gilmour Jr., Ashley Victoria Gilmour) Noel M. Gilmour Death Gilmour died in Viña del Mar, Chile at the age of 66, and is buried at the historical Cemetery Number 1 in Valparaíso, Chile, that overlooks the Bay of Valparaíso. References 1903 births 1969 deaths Explorers of Antarctica American polar explorers People from Lynn, Massachusetts Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Marnie Ponton (born 16 March 1984) is an Australian long-distance runner. She competed in the senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She finished in 44th place. In 2004, she won the gold medal in the women's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2003–04 Australian Athletics Championships held in Sydney, Australia. In 2018, she competed at the inaugural Commonwealth Half Marathon Championships. In 2022, she won the Canberra Marathon. References External links Living people 1984 births Place of birth missing (living people) Australian female long-distance runners Australian female cross country runners Australian female steeplechase runners Australian Athletics Championships winners 20th-century Australian women 21st-century Australian women
Prakruti Mishra is an Indian actress known for her work in Odia films and Hindi television. She is best known for her performance in the film Hello Arsi for which she won the National Film Award (Special Mention) in 2018 . She is also known for her roles in Hindi television shows and is known for her role as Devanyi In Jai Kanhaiya Lal Kion Star Bharat, as Bitti in Bitti Business Walion & TV and in the reality show of MTV Ace Of Space 2 in which she was 5th runner up. Early life Mishra is the second child of Odia music director Manmath Mishra and news reader Krushnapriya Mishra. She completed schooling from Venkateswar English Medium School, Bhubaneswar, followed by studying commerce at Rama Devi Women's College, Bhubaneswar. Later, she studied B.A. from Bhavan's College, West Mumbai. Mishra has learnt Odissi dance from Guru Gangadhar Pradhan. Career Mishra made her acting debut as a child artist at the age of five with the film Sabata Maa and Suna Pankhuri . She rose to popularity after she appeared in ETV Odia's Tulasi playing Smruti. In 2006, she won the Odisha State Film Award for Best Child Actor for Sashughara Chalijibi. She made her debut in Ollywood as a lead actress with the film Thukool alongside Babushan. She then starred in more than 10 Odia feature films. Later she played the lead role in Omm by S3 Movies along with Sambit Acharya, Bindas Romeo, Om Sai Ram, ACP Sagarika, Mitha Mitha, etc. In 2018, she starred in Hello Arsi opposite to Partha Sarathi Ray, and the movie got the national award. In 2014, Mishra participated in Zee TV's India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj. She went on to star in various Odia films. In 2018 she also played Madhura In Laal Ishq in an episodic role. She gained nationwide recognition for her role in Bitti Business Walli, a Hindi serial aired on &TV. In 2019, she participated in MTV India's Ace Of Space 2'', emerging as a finalist. Filmography Films Television Web series Music videos Awards and nominations References External links Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Actresses from Bhubaneswar Indian film actresses Indian television actresses Indian web series actresses Actresses in Odia cinema Actresses in Odia television Actresses in Hindi cinema Actresses in Hindi television Female models from Odisha Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners 21st-century Indian actresses
Kyle Duncan may refer to: Kyle Duncan (judge) (born 1972), American judge Kyle Duncan (soccer) (born 1997), American soccer player
Anna van Rijn College is a secondary school in the town of Nieuwegein. The school teaches all forms of Dutch secondary education. In November 2020, Mr M. Nomes was appointed as director. The school is named after Johanna van Rijn van Jutphaes. She was a founder of a poor foundation and village school. Secondary schools in the Netherlands Schools in Utrecht (province) Nieuwegein
Piet Mahasha Rampedi (born 1980 or 1981) is a South African investigative journalist who was the editor of Pretoria News from 2021 to 2023. He has also worked at the City Press, Sunday Times, Sunday Independent, and as the founder and editor of African Times. He began his career in broadcast journalism in 2002. Rampedi is best known for having reported two highly prominent stories that were later exposed as hoaxes: in 2014, he co-wrote with Mzilikazi wa Afrika a series of reports about the existence of a so-called rogue unit at the South African Revenue Service, and in 2021, he wrote a series of reports about the Tembisa 10 decuplets. However, other investigative journalism by Rampedi has been widely admired, including his reporting with Adriaan Basson on tenderpreneurship in Limpopo. Early life and career Rampedi was born in 1980 or 1981 and grew up in Ga-Mokgwathi, a village in Mopani in present-day Limpopo Province. He decided to become a journalist after a school trip to the SABC's studios in Johannesburg in 1997. He subsequently completed a Bachelor of Arts in communication and political science at the University of South Africa in 2001, and he began his career in broadcast journalism at e.tv, in 2002, and then at the SABC, from 2003. City Press: 2008–2012 In 2008, Rampedi joined City Press, where he became known for a series of exposés about the commercial interests of rising politician Julius Malema of the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League. In this capacity, he was one of the Mail & Guardian's 200 Young South Africans in 2010. For three years at City Press, he and Adriaan Basson investigated Malema, in Rampedi's summation because, "When we started suspecting this guy was living beyond his means we went out of our way to find out where his income came from". In 2012, their reporting – which revealed, among other things, Malema's involvement in tenderpreneurship in Limpopo – won the general print news award at the CNN African Journalist Awards in Zambia. Rampedi's reporting on Malema led him into conflict with Malema and his allies, including Limpopo Premier Cassel Mathale, who publicly criticised Rampedi and questioned his "agenda". On one occasion, at a press conference at Luthuli House, Malema called Rampedi "a small boy" and a "poor, stupid reporter who accepts brown envelopes". In early 2010, ANC Youth League spokesperson Floyd Shivambu attempted to smear City Press's investigative editor, Dumisane Lubisi, who was working with Rampedi on the Malema investigation; Rampedi and several other national journalists subsequently wrote to the ANC and to the South African National Editors' Forum (SANEF) to decry the league's intimidation tactics. In December 2011, the ANC rescinded the press accreditation of Rampedi, and of Frank Maponya of the Sowetan, ahead of its provincial elective congress; and Rampedi later said that he had received intimidating phone calls and had contracted a bodyguard while reporting the Malema stories. His editor-in-chief at City Press, Ferial Haffajee, defended him strongly, calling him "the person who makes the politicians go nuts in Limpopo with his forensic coverage of the decline of governance there." Sunday Times: 2014–2016 After a stint at the Sunday Independent as a senior investigative reporter from 2012, Rampedi became political editor for the Independent Media Group between 2013 and 2014. After that, he joined the Sunday Times. The rogue unit In late 2014, Rampedi was the lead journalist on a series of reports that alleged the existence of a so-called rogue unit within the South African Revenue Service (SARS). According to one report, written by Rampedi, Mzilikazi wa Afrika, and Stephan Hofstatter, the unit had spied on citizens, as well as on politicians; another claimed that SARS owned a brothel. The political fall-out from the reporting included the suspension of the entire SARS executive committee – including acting commissioner Ivan Pillay and group executive Johann van Loggerenberg – by Tom Moyane. In December 2015, the Press Ombudsman found that the reporting had been "inaccurate and unfair"; of Rampedi in particular, the ombudsman said, "Either he was misled by his source, or he deliberately misled the public, his newspaper, as well as this office". The Sunday Times was ordered to retract all stories about the "rogue unit saga" and to apologise publicly in writing to the three men they had implicated: Pillay, van Loggerenberg, and Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan. The paper printed a full-page editorial apology in April 2016, admitting that the paper "had got some things wrong... in particular, we stated some allegations as fact, and gave incomplete information in some cases. In trying to inform you about SARS, we should have provided you with all the dimensions of the story and not overly relied on our sources." The rogue unit reporting was linked by observers to a campaign by Moyane and his political backers to capture and disable SARS. However, Rampedi maintained the truth of his reporting; as late as 2019, he said on Twitter that the rogue unit had been covered up through "narrative fixing by some media 'cabals'" in the service of Minister Gordhan. Aftermath Rampedi resigned from the Sunday Times in 2016. His resignation letter was subsequently posted online at Uncensored Opinion; in it, Rampedi explains:The reasons for my resignation are, among other things, what I consider to be unethical conduct by the Sunday Times editors and/or Times Media Group in entering into an underhanded deal with Ivan Pillay, Johann Loggerenberg, representatives of Minister Pravin Gordhan and other former SARS officials... a deal with Minister Gordhan and other former SARS officials which seeks to discredit me and all the evidence that may point towards them in respect of the alleged rogue unit activities... From 2016 to 2019, Rampedi edited African Times, a newspaper he founded. The first edition of the newspaper, published on 31 August 2016 in Limpopo and Gauteng, was hailed by Communications Minister Faith Muthambi. He was also the president of the Forum of Journalists for Transformation, a body founded in 2015 as a "foil" to SANEF, and on 5 November 2018, he replaced Thabiso Kotane as the host of Capricorn FM's weeknight talk show. Independent Media: 2019–2023 In March 2019, Rampedi returned to Iqbal Survé's Independent Media Group as head of its investigative unit. Later that year, he was appointed as deputy editor of the Sunday Independent. In that capacity, in 2020, he broke an important story about alleged conflicts of interest in COVID-19 procurement in Gauteng, leading to inquiries into the conduct of presidential spokesperson Khusela Diko and provincial minister Bandile Masuku. On 1 February 2021, Rampedi replaced Valerie Boje as editor of Pretoria News, another Independent Media publication. Clashes with colleagues During his early tenure at Independent Media, Rampedi's continued activity on social media led twice to other journalists taking legal action against him. Then, in August 2019, Rampedi accused freelancer Oliver Meth of working as a paid journalist for Cyril Ramaphosa's presidential campaign. Then, in March 2020, after Jacques Pauw wrote a Daily Maverick piece about the rogue unit saga, Rampedi called Pauw a "liar" and "molester"; he also referred to the Daily Maverick as "propaganda media" and to editor Branko Brkic as "a modern-day Joseph Goebbels". The Tembisa 10 Months into his editorship at Pretoria News, on 8 June 2021, Rampedi wrote and published an exclusive story about Gosiame Sithole, a woman from Tembisa who, according to the story, had given birth to decuplets in a Pretoria hospital, breaking the Guinness World Record for multiple birth. The story was picked up by international outlets. However, the national Department of Health said that it had no record of the birth, leading Rampedi to allege further that government denials were part of "a cover-up of mammoth proportions": "a campaign to cover up medical negligence that involved senior politicians and public servants including Premier David Makhura, [provincial minister Nomathemba] Mokgethi and [Steve Biko Hospital chief executive Mathabo] Mathebula". The government continued to maintain that the alleged cover-up was more likely a "journalistic error". For his part, Rampedi maintained the truth of his reports, as did Survé, who later told a media briefing that two of the decuplets had died and another eight had been "trafficked" by a syndicate which appeared to involve government and various public hospitals. The Gauteng Government ultimately said that it would sue Rampedi and Independent Media if they did not retract Rampedia's allegations of a cover-up. Meanwhile, Independent Media launched several different probes into the editorial and journalistic handling of the story. In October 2021, the Daily Maverick reported that the media company's internal ombudsman had concluded as early as 5 July that Rampedi's reporting "failed to pass the basic principles of journalism" and amounted to a "hoax". An independent external investigation, chaired by advocate Michael Donen, concurred that the story was "reckless" and recommended that Rampedi should be subject to disciplinary action. Although Survé defended Rampedi, saying that "we should cut him some slack" for having "made a mistake" in a "feel good" piece, SANEF said in a statement that Donen's findings confirmed that Rampedi's story "was a clear case of a gross lapse of ethical journalism that has done untold damage to the profession at a time we are rebuilding the trust relationship with the public." Richard Poplak of the Daily Maverick said that Rampedi was "a connoisseur of bullshit, a liar's liar who lies so routinely that he probably doesn't know he's lying anymore." The Public Protector subsequently launched its own investigation following a complaint by Teboho Tsotetsi, who had been identified as the father of the so-called Tembisa 10. Acting Public Protector Kholeka Gcaleka reported in December 2022 that all available evidence suggested that the decuplets story was false. Rampedi rejected her report, saying: I still stand by the decuplets story, and believe that in time I will be vindicated. The Acting Public Protector's report looks like nothing but a blunt tool used to legitimise the government's previous denials and desperate cover-ups... The decuplets story was based on months of engagements and work, first-hand accounts of various sources close to Ms Sithole, including friends and relatives, who had no reason to mislead me. They all corroborated it independently from each other... It is sad to see the story turned into a political football to further the ends of undermining my reputation and professional integrity, as well as that of my employers. Resignation Rampedi resigned as Pretoria News editor with effect from 1 February 2023. Independent Media did not provide reasons for his departure, calling it "an internal matter". References External links Living people 1980s births Year of birth uncertain People from Limpopo University of South Africa alumni South African investigative journalists
A talibé (also spelled talibe, plural talibés; , 'student'; pl. ) is a boy, usually from Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Mali or Mauritania, who studies the Quran at a daara (West African equivalent of madrasa). This education is guided by a teacher known as a marabout. In most cases talibés leave their parents to stay in the daara. Within Senegal, the term talibé can be used in a wider context, “for instance to denote a militant adherent of a political party.” Overview The talibé's relationship with his marabout is one of “devotion and strict obedience.” The marabout provides “guidance, protection, and intercession” for the talibé. A talibé's allegiance to his marabout is expressed through economic support or tithes. The views on talibés in Senegalese society are diverse. Some individuals, ethnic groups and religious denominations promote the raising of talibés while others reject the practice. Among those who support it there is a range of views of the best way to manage a daara. Many theories exist to explain the motivations of parents to send their children to a daara. These include; de facto fostering because of financial difficulties; securing a better future for the child by building a relationship with the Muslim brotherhood to which the marabout belongs, and; preparing the child for a career as a marabout. Donna L. Perry disagrees with those who portray parents of talibés as “ignorant traditionalists or economic victims,” and marabouts as being “warped by the stresses of modernity.” Based on interviews with Wolof farmers, she contends that the popularity of raising talibés remains essentially linked to West African values on child-rearing, rather than a response to “rampant population growth, intensified poverty, and neoliberal policy.” The framing of the plight of talibés in socio-economic terms is, according to Perry, an intentional strategy of NGOs to “avoid accusations of cultural imperialism.” History Daaras have existed for hundreds of years. They grew in significance during the French colonial period. The number of rural daaras declined during the latter half of the 20th century in favour of Arab-styled medersas (madrasa). Medersas grew in popularity as they enabled farmers to keep their children working outside of school hours, provided a secular and Quaranic education, and exposed children to fewer hardships. During this time many daaras moved to the cities. In 1992, UNICEF launched a five-year operation to raise awareness about talibés, and sought to work alongside marabouts to improve talibes’ living conditions. In 1997, this work was picked up on an ad hoc basis by NGOs. These agencies sought to avoid the shortcomings of UNICEF's model which supplied marabouts with resources which were not always used for the benefit of talibés. Instead, these humanitarian groups worked directly with talibés. Talibés continue to be a topic of discourse in Senegalese society. Abuse of Talibés Origins Begging used to be characterised by the talibé asking for food to supplement the daara's supplies when it could not sustain its own demands from the harvests provided by the marabout's fields. The increasing number of daaras in urban settings has stemmed the traditional forms of support that sustained daaras. The prevalence of almsgiving in Senegalese society has made child begging profitable in cities. In the 1970s, some urban daaras ran seasonally, allowing for marabouts to return to their villages for the harvest. However, it became more economically viable for urban daaras to remain open all year round: Perry warns that the above view can imply that only urban daaras exploit talibés. She contends that urban and rural daaras “are the same. There is just one difference: the urban talibe’s ‘farm’ is the urban street, and [the] ‘crop’ he harvests is cash, and not peanuts.” The practice of marabouts taking on talibés is seldom subject to state regulation, making it easier for abuse of this relationship to occur. The Senegalese government has recently created state-regulated daaras in order to reduce abuses. However, urban daaras with resident talibés form the most common form of Quranic schools. Nature of the abuse Some marabouts, instead of teaching their talibés about the Quran, exploit them for labour, typically through forced begging on the streets. The nature of this exploitation exposes such talibés to disease, injury, death, physical abuse and sexual abuse. Forced labour Recent studies show that talibés average just less than 8 hours per day, every day, begging. The exact sums that a talibé must yield each day vary between daaras. A survey of 175 talibes revealed that the average sum demanded by a marabout is 373 CFA (US$0.79), rising to 445 CFA (US$0.94) on holy days when greater almsgiving is customary. World Bank statistics show that just under 30 percent of Senegal's population lives on less than 593 CFA (US$1.25) per day, and over 55 percent live on less than 949 CFA (US$2.00). This highlights the difficulty talibés have in meeting the quotas requested by marabouts. In addition to financial quotas, some marabouts set quotas for basic foodstuffs such as sugar and rice. Physical abuse Talibés are sometime required by their marabouts to meet a quota of money or basic foods. Failure to meet that quota can result in physical abuse. Human Rights Watch (HRW) documented boys exhibiting scars and welts, usually resulting from the application of electric cables, clubs and canes. In some daaras, an older, senior talibé, or assistant marabout will be responsible for punishing younger talibés who fail to return their daily quota, or are late returning. In other cases, a marabout might not supervise the children living in the daara, leaving the senior talibés to steal from the younger, as well as abuse them physically and sexually. Inadequate care Talibés are seldom provided with necessities such as basic shelter and food. Some are punished for failing to meeting their quotas by being refused entry into the daara. This forces the child to sustain even longer hours begging, or to sleep on the streets. Hundreds of talibés are estimated to flee abusive marabouts every year, compounding the issue of street children in urban areas. The fear of punishments for not meeting the marabouts demands also increases instances of thefts by talibés. Living conditions in urban daaras are often characterised by malnourishment, lack of clothing and footwear, exposure to illnesses, and poor medical treatment. In many cases, talibés are still required to beg while ill and to pay for their own treatment. Urban daaras are often sites of overcrowding and poor sanitation, and many lack running water. The poor structures which are sometimes converted into daaras leave the resident boys exposed to the elements. Sexual abuse Little research has been done on the extent of sexual abuse of talibés. HRW, however, noted several of instances of rape in daaras by older talibés, or assistant marabouts. Other instances of rape were reported to have taken place outside of the daara against children living on the street who had fled from violence at their daara. These cases were recorded in interviews with talibés who witnessed the abuse, or with social workers assisting the victims. Extent of abuses A 2007 UNICEF study of child begging in Dakar, the capital of Senegal, found that "the large majority of child beggars (90%) are talibés". UNICEF has estimated there to be between 50,000 and 100,000 begging talibés in Senegal. A 2010 report suggests that the number of talibés is on the rise. Other researchers, however, warn that "estimates on the numbers of street children rest upon largely elastic and nebulous definitions." Indeed, there are no official statistics to substantiate these claims. Others respond that the rise of Arabic-maderas is causing the number of talibés to decline. HRW has warned that the social status enjoyed by marabouts has emboldened "those responsible for the proliferation of forced child begging and other abuses committed by the marabouts against talibé children." Perry cautiously agrees that "reverence of marabouts and respect for the talibé institution may be a dominant ideology, but it is not now, nor ever was, totalising or uncontested". Platform for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (PPDH) along with Human Rights Watch, reported in December 2019 the overlooked abuse, exploitation and neglect of thousands of talibé children at traditional Quranic schools. The Senegalese government was accused of neglecting and not doing enough to tackle the widespread and chronic abuse faced by children at the religious schools. Human Rights Issues A variety of views exist about how the treatment of talibés engages international conventions. Slavery Some NGOs argue that, where a marabout acquires custody over a talibé in order to force the child to beg, this meets the definition of a practice ‘akin to slavery’, as defined by the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery. That convention states that receiving a child “with a view to the exploitation of the child or young person or of his labour,” is a practice akin to slavery which is subject to the convention. Forced Labour The Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour describes forced labour as work “which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.” The Convention goes on to impose a duty on signatory states to “completely suppress such forced or compulsory labour.” The International Labour Organization (ILO) has opined that the practice of exploiting talibés for labour also falls within the ambit of the Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour. This is because, its opinion, forced begging is akin to slavery, and because the labour exposes children to a plethora of dangers to their wellbeing. Trafficking Given the ILO's views on forced begging, HRW has argued that marabouts, when transporting talibés with the primary intention of obtaining labour from them, are engaging in child trafficking. Article 3(c) of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol includes in the definition of ‘trafficking in persons,’ the “recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation.” Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) The CRC creates rights to adequate living standards for children, with regard to the means of the primary caregivers, as well as the means of the state to support the primary caregivers. HRW argues that states, parents and marabouts are in breach of CRC in failing to oversee the adequate housing, care and nourishment of talibés. HRW also cites the following as other abuses of talibés which breach CRC. Forced begging; HRW argues that this exposes talibés to considerable dangers. HRW documented cases of talibés dying in car accidents while trying to beg on the streets. The exposure to dangerous work, HRW argues, not only threatens the physical and mental security of talibés, but their lives. Corporal punishment; physical punishments in schools has been described by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, as a type of violence which CRC seeks to stop. Education; HRW argues that, where a child's education is almost entirely neglected due to copious hours of begging, this may amount to a breach of CRC. Sexual abuse; CRC requires states to take steps to protect children from sexual abuse. Leisure; where a marabout denies talibés leisure time, this may breach the child's right “to rest and leisure.” Torture The Convention against Torture only applies where the actions are carried out by a state official. However, the committee which oversees that treaty issued an opinion stating that: Given the punishments used against talibés, such as stress positions and chaining, HRW argues that this construction of the Convention indicates that instances of torture are occurring against talibés. It has been reported by the Senegalese non-governmental organisation XALAAT, a leading institution that works to confront the issue in this country, that while the subject being very controversial, in some communities there are conclusive evidences that ill-treatment has always been very common practice in most of the traditional Koranic Schools called Daara. Additionally, this ngo is arguing to have efficiently brought practitioners in this field to connect together the different clusters that have until now ignored while considering the problem. See also Child slavery Child Labour Madrasa Marabout Almajiri Murid Salik Wasil Majzoob Muqarrab References Sufism Arabic words and phrases Types of students Education in Africa Madrasas Slavery in Africa West Africa
Return to Frogtown (also known as Frogtown II) is a 1993 B movie directed by Donald G. Jackson. It is the sequel to the 1988 cult film Hell Comes to Frogtown. Like its predecessor, the film is set in a post-apocalyptic future where mutant frog-people are at war with mankind. Plot Set some years after the events of the first movie, Captain Delano (Charles Napier) sends Sam Hell to infiltrate Frog Town again to rescue Texas Rocket Ranger John Jones (played by Lou Ferrigno) who crash landed. In what may be a direct reference to his Incredible Hulk fame, Jones is an unwilling test subject who is modified and turned into a frog-person, giving him superhuman strength. The tests are conducted by Professor Tanzer (Brion James) and Nurse Cloris (Linda Singer This is part of a larger plot by the Evil Star Frogmeister to turn all humans into frogmen. Hell must journey to the Frogtown Mutant Reservation in a desperate attempt to stop the planned mutation Cast Robert Z'Dar as Sam Hell Denice Duff as Dr. Spangle Kelsey as Commander Toty Michael Nyman as Frog Linda Singer as Nurse Cloris Lou Ferrigno as Ranger John Jones Don Stroud as Brandy Stone Brion James as Professor Tanzer Charles Napier as Captain Delano Rhonda Shear as Fuzzy Ken Davitian as Bud Brad Baker as Frog Guard Production Robert Z'Dar plays the main character, Sam Hell, in place of Roddy Piper. Notable co-stars of the cast include: Don Stroud, Brion James, Charles Napier, Rhonda Shear. The movie was followed by Max Hell Frog Warrior. Filmmaker Jackson claimed New World Pictures interfered with the picture. Reception Received two out of five stars in Creature Feature. TV Guide gave the movie one star out of five, greatly preferring the original film. References External links 1990s American films 1990s English-language films 1993 films 1990s science fiction action films American science fiction action films American sequel films American post-apocalyptic films Films set in Texas Films directed by Donald G. Jackson
Gregory Joseph Boyle, S.J. (born May 19, 1954) is an American Catholic priest of the Jesuit order. He is the founder and director of Homeboy Industries, the world's largest gang intervention and rehabilitation program, and former pastor of Dolores Mission Church in Los Angeles. Early life and education Boyle was born in Los Angeles, and is one of eight siblings born to Kathleen and Bernie Boyle (both now deceased). He attended Loyola High School and, upon graduating in 1972, entered the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits). Boyle was ordained a priest in 1984. He holds a bachelor's degree in philosophy and English from Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, a master's degree in English from Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, a Master of Divinity (M.Div.) degree from the Weston School of Theology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a Master of Sacred Theology degree from the Jesuit School of Theology, Berkeley, California. Early career At the conclusion of his theology studies, Boyle spent a year living and working with Christian base communities in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Upon his return in 1986, he was appointed pastor of Dolores Mission Church, a Jesuit parish in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of East Los Angeles that was then the poorest Catholic church in the city. At the time, the church sat between two large public housing projects and amid the territories of numerous gangs. Homeboy Industries By 1988, in an effort to address the escalating problems and unmet needs of gang-involved youth, Boyle, parish and, community members began to develop positive opportunities for them, including establishing an alternative school and a day care program, and seeking out legitimate employment, calling this initial effort Jobs for a Future. In the wake of the 1992 Los Angeles riots, Jobs for a Future and Proyecto Pastoral, a community organizing project begun at the parish, launched their first social enterprise business, Homeboy Bakery. In the ensuing years, the success of the bakery created the groundwork for additional social enterprise businesses, leading Jobs for a Future to become an independent nonprofit organization, Homeboy Industries. Homeboy Industries is the largest and most successful gang rehabilitation and re-entry program in the world. Homeboy offers an "exit ramp" for those stuck in a cycle of violence and incarceration. The organization's holistic approach, with free services and programs, supports around 10,000 men and women a year as they work to overcome their pasts, re-imagine their futures, and break the inter-generational cycles of gang violence. Therapeutic and educational offerings (case management, counseling, and classes), practical services (e.g., tattoo removal, work readiness, and legal assistance), and job training-focused business (e.g., Homeboy Bakery, Homegirl Café, and Homeboy Silkscreen & Embroidery) provide healing alternatives to gang life while creating safer and healthier communities. Board membership Boyle serves as a member of the National Gang Center Advisory Board. He is also a member of the advisory board for the Loyola Law School Center for Juvenile Law and Policy in Los Angeles. Published works In 2010, Boyle's Tattoos on the Heart: The Power of Boundless Compassion, a book recollecting his 20+ years in the barrio, was published by Simon & Schuster. Simon and Schuster published a similar volume in November 2017 titled Barking to the Choir: The Power of Radical Kinship, and in October 2021, published The Whole Language: The Power of Extravagant Tenderness. Awards Boyle has received the Civic Medal of Honor from the Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce, the California Peace Prize granted by the California Wellness Foundation, the Lifetime Achievement Award from MALDEF, and the James Irvine Foundation’s Leadership Award. Boyle was named the 2007 Humanitarian of the Year by Bon Appetit magazine. Boyle was inducted into the California Hall of Fame in December 2011. In 2014, Boyle was awarded the honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.) from Whittier College. He was named the 2016 Humanitarian of the Year by the James Beard Foundation, a national culinary-arts organization. Boyle was selected to receive the Laetare Medal in recognition of outstanding service to the Catholic Church and society in March 2017. References External links PBS Tell Me More: Father Greg Boyle 1954 births Living people 20th-century American Jesuits 21st-century American Jesuits American activists American male non-fiction writers Gonzaga University alumni Homelessness activists Loyola Marymount University alumni Boston College School of Theology and Ministry alumni Catholics from California Laetare Medal recipients 21st-century American memoirists James Beard Foundation Award winners
Ichwani Hasanuddin (born June 6, 1986) is an Indonesian former footballer. Club statistics References External links 1986 births Men's association football midfielders Living people Indonesian men's footballers Liga 1 (Indonesia) players PSAP Sigli players Indonesian Premier Division players
Wyntoon is a private estate in rural Siskiyou County, California, owned by the Hearst Corporation. Architects Willis Polk, Bernard Maybeck and Julia Morgan all designed structures for Wyntoon, beginning in 1899. The land, sited at two sharp bends in the McCloud River, was named by financial adviser Edward Clark for the local Native American tribe of the Wintun people. Beginning as a humble fishing resort, the land was improved by a series of people, notably San Francisco attorney Charles Stetson Wheeler, his client Phoebe Apperson Hearst, and her son William Randolph Hearst who disputed with his cousin over ownership. Prominent structures, noted for their architecture, have been built on the land, some lost to fire, while other multimillion-dollar buildings were planned, but not built. Famous visitors to Wyntoon include Clark Gable, Charles Lindbergh, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and his son John F. Kennedy. Justin Sisson's fishing resort The earliest known inhabitants of the area of Wyntoon were the Winnemem Wintu tribe of Native Americans, a subgroup of the Wintun people. In the 1880s, outdoorsman, guide, hunter and trapper Justin Hinckley Sisson came to the area and established a hotel, restaurant and tavern at the foot of Mount Shasta. He advocated for a railroad line to be extended northward from Redding to his location, and was successful. Construction of the Central Pacific Railroad through the Siskiyou Trail began in the mid-1880s, and Sisson bought in its path. The railroad was completed in 1887 and brought miners, hunters, fishermen, loggers, naturalists and tourists. With his wife, the former Miss Lydia Field, Sisson operated the inn, and he led various groups of hunters, geologists and mountain climbers. With profits from his successful business, Sisson acquired large parcels of land including the tract which would become Wyntoon. He established the town of Sisson surrounding his inn, and he built a fishing resort a half-day's ride away on the McCloud River, at an elevation between , some distant. Popular with hunters and fishermen, it became known as "Sisson's-on-the-McCloud". Justin Sisson died in 1893. In 1924, the town of Sisson was renamed Mount Shasta, California. Charles S. Wheeler's hunting lodge In 1899, Sisson's widow sold the McCloud River fishing resort site to Charles Stetson Wheeler, a wealthy attorney from San Francisco. This parcel lay in the Cascade Range of mountains, south by southeast of Mount Shasta. Wheeler called this holding the Wheeler Ranch, and he built a hunting lodge on the river at Horseshoe Bend—its cornerstone was laid in 1899. The multi-wing lodge, dramatic with its stone walls and slate roof, was designed by San Francisco architect Willis Polk, and included an 800-book library with room for hundreds of Native American baskets. Wheeler directed Polk to give the lodge a "fish tower"—a high study with a view, and two windows which were aquariums containing local trout. A Latin inscription over the entrance indicated this room was a temple to fishing: piscatoribus sacrum. Polk's design was pictured in July 1899 in The American Architect and Building News which described it as a "California Mountain Home". Sir Banister Fletcher included the building in a list of Shingle Style architecture. The layout of the structure, a "rambling group of masses", snaked through the trees, curving to follow the bend in the river, the curve creating a courtyard with a circular drive and a central fountain. The dining room enjoyed a three-sided view of the river, and diners could take the air on a wraparound porch. The porch opened to the river in a flight of wooden steps leading down to an octagonal gazebo pierced and supported by a large tree, overhanging the tumbling waters. Massive fireplaces and heavy timbers gave the impression of a medieval estate interior. Polk's use of stone and wood on the exterior achieved a sense of compatibility with the land, celebrating the setting's primal beauty. The Wheeler family stayed at the ranch many a summer. In 1900, Wheeler invited his client Phoebe Hearst to visit Wheeler Ranch with his family for the summer. Hearst asked if she could purchase the land, but Wheeler declined. Insistent, Hearst came to an arrangement whereby she would purchase a 99-year lease on part of the land, and she also purchased adjoining land held by Edward Clark, her financial adviser, who called it Wyntoon for the local Wintu tribe. Hearst applied the name Wyntoon to the combination of Clark's former holdings and her new lease, and in 1901 contracted for a magnificent seven-story house to be built. Wheeler was displeased with the extravagant plans, as he and Hearst had previously agreed her building would be modest. However, he did not stop her. Wheeler retained the part of Wheeler Ranch that was not leased to Hearst, including The Bend. In 1911, Wheeler invited Austro-Hungarian artist and naturalist Edward Stuhl and his wife Rosie to live on the property; they made extensive studies of plant and animal life in the area, and collected many hundreds of specimens. Stuhl, an avid mountain climber, published Wildflowers of Mount Shasta from his base at Wheeler Ranch. After Wheeler's death in 1923, Stuhl served as custodian of the ranch. William Randolph Hearst bought Wyntoon outright from its 99-year lease in 1929, and in 1934 bought all of Wheeler Ranch and The Bend, a combined total of . Phoebe Hearst's castle Phoebe Hearst, upon signing the 99-year lease, decided to build a very grand residence. She hired Bernard Maybeck to design one in the Gothic style of a Rhine River castle. The structure was mainly complete in 1902, and cost Hearst $100,000. Maybeck hired Julia Morgan to assist in the design. The castle's layout was fitted to the slope of the site, and to a semicircle of six tall conifers. Its footprint was ; an underground cellar was wide, high, and ran the length of the building, containing stores and a central heating furnace supplying steam throughout the building. The central tower made of stone reached to a height of . A plumbed room entered from the outside allowed fishermen and hunters to clean their catch and themselves. Six floors of sleeping rooms were contained in the central tower; each bedroom entered from landings along the main spiral staircase carved of stone. The exterior of the tower was thick load-bearing crowning wall topped with a steeply angled roof to hold the weight of snow, and to shed excess snow. Glazed Paris-green tile from the Netherlands surfaced the roof, providing "a misty color like the holes between the branches in the trees in the forest." Bluish-gray basalt volcanic stone was quarried from local lava flows; it supplied the strength of the massive walls. The living room, , had at one end an alcove framing a stained glass window, a copy of the 13th century one in Lorenzkirche in Nuremberg, the reproduction fabricated in the Netherlands. The room's apex was 36 feet high—a meeting of steeply angled wooden beams resting on thick stone walls. A tall fireplace separated the alcove from the majority of the living room; a large man could stand in its opening. Another fireplace warmed the other end of the living room. Tapestries hung from the stone walls to add a medieval appearance. Frederick Meyer made furniture for this room, and for all Wyntoon, in European vernacular style. Maybeck designed a dining hall much like the living room, with Gothic stone walls and high peaked roof, and two opposing fireplaces, but its Gothic tables were unusually placed against the walls leaving the center area open. Benches were provided for diners to sit. The kitchen wing, , adjoined the dining room, connected through a wide butler's hall. Staff were provided rooms in the kitchen wing. Its foundation of cut stone reached to the top of the ground floor; the second story's wall was of rubble stone. The roof was topped by light gray slate. Initial critical reactions to the kitchen wing's exterior appearance led Hearst to surround it with shrubbery. Phoebe Hearst also built other structures including The Gables—a storybook dwelling for overflow guests—and a "Honeymoon Cottage". The castle was habitable in 1902, completely finished in 1904. It was featured in American Homes and Gardens in 1906, a three-page spread; the same space given the house in Architectural Review in 1904. The writer in Architectural Review criticized the quaint wooden carvings which gave the impression of "pastry and perfume", but praised the most important aspects of the structure: Hearst summered at Wyntoon and raised her son's children there when he was not watching them. William Randolph Hearst and his wife Millicent produced five sons from 1904 to 1915—each one spent summer months at Wyntoon with grandmother. The boys' father sent instructions about their upbringing, writing after the eldest boy George Randolph Hearst was nearly washed down the McCloud, that the boys needed "a severe warning about the river". Hearst occasionally entertained her society friends and acquaintances at Wyntoon, bringing selected guests up north from the Panama–Pacific International Exposition of 1915. At her death in 1919, she willed Wyntoon to her niece Anne Apperson Flint, along with a Cadillac car and $250,000. Flint moved in with her husband, Joseph Marshall Flint, M.D, a former Yale professor of surgery. During this time, architect Julia Morgan designed four structures which were built at Wyntoon: a superintendent's residence and a separate servant's quarters in 1924, and in 1925, a stables building holding a caretaker's house erected near a "Swiss Chalet" which was built for higher-status domestic staff. William Randolph Hearst's projects From his mother's will, William Randolph Hearst received the bulk of the family inheritance, including the ranch in San Simeon, the Babicora Ranch in Mexico, a fruit orchard in Butte County, and various mining and industrial stocks, the whole worth around 5–10 million dollars. Wyntoon, however, was given to his cousin Anne Apperson Flint in his mother's will, and Hearst was angered over this. He refused to return to Flint any of the art objects from Wyntoon that had been loaned to the Palace of Fine Arts for an exhibit. In 1925 after years of acrimonious negotiation, he bought Wyntoon from Flint for $198,000, but he remained forever embittered toward his cousin. In the winter of 1929–1930, Maybeck's Wyntoon masterpiece burned down, possibly from a kitchen fire. Time magazine reported Hearst's losses at $300,000 to $500,000, including portions of his art collection. In early 1930, Hearst contracted to have Morgan design an even larger castle as replacement. Morgan was already working for Hearst on Hearst Castle in San Simeon and nearly finished with The Hacienda near King City. Morgan collaborated with her early mentor and teacher Maybeck on plans for an eight-story Bavarian Gothic-style castle with two great towers and more minor turrets, some 61 bedrooms proposed for Wyntoon's largest building project. Hearst instructed Arthur Byne, his art agent based in Madrid, to find likely buildings he could purchase for their stonework, to give Wyntoon an ancient air. In December 1930, Byne discovered Santa Maria de Ovila, a 700-year-old Cistercian monastery, and Hearst paid $97,000 for it. The monastery was taken apart and removed illegally, but the Spanish government was changing hands and was not effective in stopping Hearst's hired men. Some 10,000 stones were shipped to a warehouse in San Francisco at a total cost of about $1 million. Another old structure removed from Europe was proposed for Wyntoon: the great tithe barn of Bradenstoke Priory in England. Most of the priory had been used by Hearst to refurbish St Donat's Castle in Wales in the late 1920s, but the tithe barn had been crated and shipped to San Simeon for possible use there. Hearst proposed that the unused Bradenstoke barn be incorporated into his great castle, and had Morgan study the possibilities. In the spring of 1931, Morgan offered several designs for Hearst's consideration, all of them using the stones of the Spanish monastery on the ground floor, reinforced by steel girders to take the weight of the upper floors. Portions of the monastery were considered as a library, an "armory", and a living room. The final proposal from Morgan included an indoor swimming pool constructed from the monastery's old church. The long swimming pool featured changing rooms and lounges in the old side chapels, shallow water for wading in the apse, deep water in the central plunge, and a diving board where the altar had been. In July 1931, as a steam shovel was making ready to level enough land to accommodate the great castle, Hearst put a stop to all his construction plans. The Great Depression had greatly diminished his income, and he could not pay for his $50 million project at Wyntoon while at the same time indulging his expansion at San Simeon. Abandoning the massive castle idea, Hearst instead asked Morgan to design a "Bavarian Village" with multiple half-timbered buildings in the medieval style of Germany or Austria. Hearst sent Morgan to Europe to study suitable buildings; she brought fine artist Doris Day with her to investigate architectural inscriptions and painting styles. In 1932, Morgan put together a master plan for Wyntoon. It described a group of guesthouses with romantic names such as Cinderella House, Fairy House and Bear House, arranged not in a cramped medieval style but symmetrically around a common green in the Beaux-Arts style. These three-story structures with steeply gabled roofs were completed in 1933. Swiss artisan Jules Suppo and his assistants carved much of the German Gothic decorations. Day painted fine inscriptions and exterior decorative patterns. Hungarian illustrator Willy Pogany painted exterior murals depicting Russian and Germanic fairy tales such as those from the Brothers Grimm, but Pogany's versions were bright, humorous and cheerful, not dark and grim. Downstream of the Bavarian Village, Morgan's plan called for a selection of leisure activities. A swimming pool with a pool house was to be near tennis courts and a croquet lawn, and a dining hall called "The Gables" would be equipped to show films. Though San Simeon could house perhaps 30 to 50 guests, the expanded Wyntoon plan could accommodate 100 for a weekend. In 1934, Hearst bought all of Wheeler Ranch. Polk's structure "The Bend" was torn down except for one wing containing the master bedroom. This wing held the cornerstone engraved "The Bend – 1899". The rest of the building was redesigned by Morgan in Gothic Revival style and rebuilt from 1935 to 1941 using many of its original stones. On January 1, 1935, photographer Peter Stackpole's images of Wyntoon were published in Life magazine, showing Hearst relaxing at Wyntoon with friends. Hearst's communications office at Wyntoon was shown in the photos; it was built next to Bear House to keep him abreast of current events. This office was fitted into a shingle-covered bungalow built to house Joe Willicombe, Hearst's private secretary. The structure served as the "nerve center" of Hearst's publishing empire, with three round-the-clock operators minding the telegraph facilities and the telephone switchboard. In mid-1937, Hearst was forced by bankruptcy to sign over all of his holdings to a group of trustees called the Conservation Committee. Wyntoon was included, it was estimated the prior year to be worth $300,000. Headed by New York Judge Clarence J. Shearn, the trustees slashed Hearst's costs and halted the smaller side projects at San Simeon and Wyntoon which had kept so many contractors busy. Wyntoon was maintained only by a skeleton staff paid for by the Hearst Corporation. Hearst never hosted more than 14 guests at Wyntoon after the bankruptcy. From 1938 to 1940, Hearst's art collections were cataloged and sold, including items from Wyntoon. Hearst was made to pay rent out of his allowance when he stayed at any of his properties. After the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, blackout conditions were imposed on San Simeon because of its nearness to the ocean and associated likelihood of Japanese shelling, so before Christmas Hearst moved to Wyntoon with his lover, actress Marion Davies. There, the two lived in Bear House at the river's edge with their pet dachshunds. Davies' cherished dachshund named Gandhi, 15 years old, fell gravely ill during this time; a veterinarian was called and the animal put down by injection. Distraught, Davies raged through Bear House, later writing: "I broke everything I could lay my hands on." Hearst's favorite dog Helen died in his arms at Wyntoon; he buried her on a hillside covered with flowers, the spot marked by a stone inscribed, "Here lies dearest Helen – my devoted friend." During the Wyntoon residency of Hearst and Davies, they received fewer visitors than they had at San Simeon, because it was more remote. They spent much time together, and Davies picked up sewing again after years of no practice. She sewed silk fabric into ties for Hearst. He wrote her a poem or a short note every night, which he slipped under her door for her to see in the morning. Over the 1943–1944 winter, with snow and ice transforming the outdoor scenery, Wyntoon hosted actor Clark Gable, film directors Louis B. Mayer and Raoul Walsh, columnist Louella Parsons, cartoonist Jimmy Swinnerton and his wife, aviator Charles Lindbergh and his family, the former president's daughter Anna Roosevelt and her husband John Boettiger (who worked for Hearst), and millionaire industrialist Joe Kennedy who brought his 26-year-old son "Jack", the future president. Jack surprised Hearst by swimming in the freezing McCloud. Today Hearst's trustees reorganized the Hearst Corporation in 1943, installing Richard E. Berlin as president. Under Berlin, Wyntoon was made to turn a profit—the old 50,000-acre Wheeler Ranch holding and adjoining parcels adding up to were logged and replanted with more tree seedlings, the operation generating about $2 million annually by 1959. In the late 1980s, architects Blunk Demattei Associates (BDA) began working with the Hearst Corporation to complete the interior of "Angel House" whose construction had been halted in the late 1930s. BDA next began to remodel the one original bedroom wing of Polk's "The Bend". There, the second and main bedroom wing (finished in the 1950s in Tudor style) burned down on December 30, 1992, and BDA was contracted to rebuild it. Sensitive to the problem of recreating the ambiance, BDA used Sugar Pine paneling in keeping with other rooms on site, wrought iron from Poland and from local blacksmiths, stones quarried locally, and Renaissance-era fireplaces. Today, the estate is owned by the Hearst Corporation, and is not open to the public. Wyntoon is located at approximately . It is north of Lake McCloud, a man-made lake completed in 1965, and about due east of Dunsmuir, California. Energetic kayakers willing to endure dangerous rapids can view the estate from the Upper McCloud River during spring and summer snowmelt. The estate is grandfathered in the law as a "senior rights holder" to use an unlimited amount of water from the adjoining McCloud River. References Citations Works cited External links Flickr photos tagged Wyntoon Hearst family residences Hearst Communications assets Castles in California Buildings and structures in Siskiyou County, California Julia Morgan buildings Bernard Maybeck buildings American Craftsman architecture in California Gothic Revival architecture in California
Houdain-lez-Bavay (, literally Houdain near Bavay) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. Heraldry See also Communes of the Nord department References Houdainlezbavay
The 2014 Miami Beach Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on December 22, 2014, at Marlins Park in Miami, Florida. The first edition of the Miami Beach Bowl, it featured the American Athletic Conference co-champion Memphis Tigers against the BYU Cougars. It began at 2:00 p.m. EST and aired on ESPN. It was one of the 2014–15 bowl games that comprised the conclusion of the 2014 FBS football season. Memphis defeated BYU in double overtime by the score of 55–48. Afterwards, the two teams engaged in a bench-clearing brawl. Team selection The game featured the American Athletic Conference co-champion Memphis Tigers against the BYU Cougars. This was the first meeting between these two teams. BYU Cougars In April 2014, organizers announced that they had reached a deal with BYU to play in the inaugural Miami Beach Bowl in 2014. After defeating the UNLV Rebels for their sixth win of the season on November 15, bowl director Carlos Padilla II extended an invitation to play in the game. This was BYU's third Florida bowl game, following the 1976 Tangerine Bowl where they lost to Oklahoma State 21–49, and the 1985 Citrus Bowl where they lost to Ohio State 7–10. Memphis Tigers After finishing the regular season with a 9–3 record and a share of the American Athletic Conference championship, the Tigers accepted their bid to the Miami Beach Bowl. This was Memphis' second Florida bowl game, following the 2008 St. Petersburg Bowl (the inaugural contest for that bowl game) where they lost to the South Florida Bulls by a score of 14–41. This was the Tigers' first bowl appearance since that game. Game summary Statistics Post-game Brawl During the post game celebration Memphis players ran towards the BYU sideline to celebrate with their fans sitting behind the BYU bench (due to the bizarre baseball stadium field layout, most of the people in attendance could only sit on the BYU side of the field). Some bumping and shoving occurred and one Memphis player was pushed in the back by a BYU player that was allegedly also being pushed from behind. The Memphis player he pushed then turned around and (using both hands) punched/shoved the BYU player in the back of the head. As the BYU player turned his attention back to the attacker in an apparent attempt to retaliate he threw a punch and he was attacked by 3-4 Memphis players and an all out, bench-clearing brawl ensued. Punches and kicks were thrown by many players on both sides, one Memphis player even used a helmet as a weapon, and when it was over, numerous players walked off the field bloody and bruised. As the brawl was dying down a BYU player (Kai Nacua) can be seen coming into view and sucker punching a Memphis player (Alan Cross), who was not wearing a helmet, from behind. As the BYU player turned toward the camera's view, a bloodied bruise could be clearly seen from a punch he received while attempting to defend himself from another Memphis player earlier in the brawl. Aftermath Tom Holmoe, BYU's athletic director, apologized to BYU fans stating, "We expect better of our athletes, even in the face of a difficult loss. We intend to fully review this matter. I apologize to Cougar Nation." Memphis said in a statement via AAC commissioner Mike Aresco that they are displeased with the Miami Beach Bowl brawl, and that, "The university will respond accordingly following this detailed review. Needless to say, we are extremely disappointed that this happened, as we expect the highest standard of conduct from our student-athletes." On January 20, 2015, The University of Memphis announced the completion of an internal review of the incident and expected punishments to be levied against twelve members of the team. BYU also took action to punish their players. Kai Nacua, Trey Dye, Sione Takitaki, and Tomasi Laulile were all suspended for BYU's season opener against Nebraska. References 2014–15 NCAA football bowl games 2014 2014 2014 Brawls in team sports College football controversies 2014 controversies in the United States Controversies in Florida 2014 in sports in Florida 2010s in Miami December 2014 sports events in the United States Violence in sports 2014
Shinee World 2014 (promoted as SHINEE WORLD 2014 ~I'M YOUR BOY~ IN TOKYO DOME) is the third Japan nationwide concert tour by South Korean boy band Shinee, to promote their third Japanese studio album I'm Your Boy. The tour kicked off in Chiba on September 28, 2014, and ended on December 19 in Hyogo, with a total of 30 concerts in 20 cities. On March 14 and 15, 2015, Shinee performed at the Tokyo Dome for the finale performance, which was also their first time performing at the venue. The tour was attended by a total of 300,000 fans. On July 1, 2015, SM Entertainment released the DVD Blu-Ray version, titled Shinee World 2014 ～I'm Your Boy～ Special Edition in Tokyo Dome. Upon release, it peaked at number one on the Japanese charts, and as of 2015, it had sold more than 27,000 copies worldwide. Set list Shows DVD Chart performance References External links SM Entertainment - Official website Shinee - Official South Korean website Shinee - Official Japanese website Shinee concert tours 2014 concert tours SM Entertainment video albums
Keith Outten (1947−2022) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. Playing career A five-eighth, Outten played four seasons with Balmain between 1968 and 1971. During this period, he won a premiership with the Tigers when he played five-eighth in the 1969 Grand Final. Outten made a successful shift to the North Sydney Bears for three seasons between 1972 and 1974, before returning to Balmain for one final season in 1975. He captain-coached the rural club Yanco before retiring as a player. He died on 26 October 2022 following a long illness at the age of 75 References 1947 births 2022 deaths Balmain Tigers players Australian rugby league players North Sydney Bears players Rugby league halfbacks Rugby league five-eighths Rugby league players from Sydney
Robert Coverdale (16 January 1892 – 7 January 1959) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing half in the Football League for Sunderland, Hull City and Grimsby Town. References 1892 births 1959 deaths People from West Hartlepool Footballers from Hartlepool English men's footballers Men's association football wing halves Rutherglen Glencairn F.C. players Sunderland A.F.C. players Hull City A.F.C. players Hull City A.F.C. wartime guest players Grimsby Town F.C. players Bridlington Town A.F.C. players English Football League players Scottish Junior Football Association players Durham Light Infantry soldiers British Army personnel of World War I
is a 4-season Japanese apocalyptic television / streaming drama co-produced by NTV and Hulu Japan, of how a young man and other survivors fight to survive an invasion of zombies. Season 1 was broadcast on NTV from January 17 to March 21, 2021. Season 2 was shown on Hulu Japan from March 21 to April 25, 2021. Season 3 was shown on Hulu from February 25 to April 1, 2022. Season 4 was shown on Hulu from March 19, 2023. In December 2022, it was announced that a movie has been planned. On April 16, 2023, it was announced that the production of final Season 5 has been decided with Tina Tamashiro and Marie Iitoyo as the main lead. It will be broadcast on January 26, 2024. Plot Season 1 Hibiki Mamiya is a car mechanic who has been dating his girlfriend, Kurumi Ogasawara, since high school. On the day when he was going to propose to her, he was trapped in a tunnel collapse. When he escaped 4 days later, the outside world had changed completely to be invaded by zombies known as 'golems'. Hibiki met and worked with both old and new friends as he fought his way to be reunited with his girlfriend. Season 2 Hibiki and his team arrived at a shelter 'House of Hope' and discovered that the place hid more secrets than it appeared. The search for the vaccine against the golem virus revealed the truth of what happened to Hibiki's family 16 years ago. Season 3 As Hibiki and Yuzuki embarked on their lone journey, they encountered a religious cult which was threatened by a new mysterious group 'X'. Meanwhile, Kurumi decided to carry on with her pregnancy despite being infected with the golem virus. Season 4 The story takes place 20 months after the end of Season 3. Hibiki has lost his friends and loved ones who fought alongside him, and even his beloved child, Mirai, has been taken from him. Wounded with wounds all over his body, Hibiki wanders alone through the apocalypse, only to be rescued by the Niiyama Foundation Group led by Asuha Niiyama. Cast Ryoma Takeuchi as Hibiki Mamiya (Season 1–4) Ayami Nakajo as Kurumi Ogasawara (Season 1–3) Show Kasamatsu as Hiro Todoroki (Season 1–3) Marie Iitoyo as Kanae Hiiragi (Season 1–4) Naho Yokomizo as Yuzuki Mihara (Season 1–3) Kenichi Takito as Kouki Shuto (Season 1) Kim Jae-hyun as Yoon Min-jun / Mysterious Man (Season 1–3) Hyunri as Yoon Ji-An (Season 1–3) Makita Sports as Yohei Komoto (Season 1–2) Tamae Ando as Shoko Mihara (Season 1–2) Toshihito Kokubo as Tsuboi (Season 1–3) Kodai Asaka as Rikuto Kuwata (Season 1–2) Michiko Tanaka as Haru (Season 1–2) Kenta Suga as Shinji Murota (Season 3) Hinako Sakurai as Iori Miyagi (Season 3-4) Tina Tamashiro as Asuha Niiyama (Season 4) Riku Ohnishi as Daichi Niiyama (Season 4) Junpei Mizobata as Soichi Kashu (Season 4) Goki Maeda as Kaito Shimomura (Season 4) Nobuo Kyo as Rikuto Shimomura (Season 4) Jun Hashimoto as Mikio Orita (Season 4) Hinako Sano as Yura Nosaka (Season 4) Hayato Kakizawa as Toma (Season 4) References External links Love You as the World Ends on Netflix 2021 in Japanese television Japanese drama television series 2021 Japanese television series debuts Apocalyptic television series Television series about viral outbreaks Nippon TV dramas
The 2019 West Asian Football Federation Women's Championship was the 6th edition of the WAFF Women's Championship, the international women's football championship of Western Asia organised by the West Asian Football Federation (WAFF). It was held in Bahrain from 7 January to 15 January 2019. The tournament was won by Jordan for the fourth time, and Bahrain became the first host nation to not win the WAFF Women's Championship. Teams Participants Five teams entered the tournament. Squads Each team must register a squad of 23 players, minimum three of whom must be goalkeepers. Group stage Champions Statistics Goalscorers Awards Golden Boot Raya Hina Golden Ball Hessa Alisa Golden Glove Noura Almazrooei References External links Official website 2019 WAFF Women's Championship at RSSSF.com 2019 WAFF Women's Championship at Soccerway 2019 WAFF WAFF
The Liberal welfare reforms (1906–1914) were a series of acts of social legislation passed by the Liberal Party after the 1906 general election. They represent the emergence of the modern welfare state in the United Kingdom. The reforms demonstrate the split that had emerged within liberalism, between emerging social liberalism and classical liberalism, and a change in direction for the Liberal Party from laissez-faire traditional liberalism to a party advocating a larger, more active government protecting the welfare of its citizens. The historian G. R. Searle argued that the reforms had multiple causes, including "the need to fend off the challenge of Labour; pure humanitarianism; the search for electoral popularity; considerations of National Efficiency; and a commitment to a modernised version of welfare capitalism." By implementing the reforms outside the English Poor Laws, the stigma attached to claiming relief was also removed. During the 1906 general election campaign, neither of the two major parties made poverty an important election issue and no promises were made to introduce welfare reforms. Despite this, the Liberals led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman and later H. H. Asquith won a landslide victory and began introducing wide-ranging reforms as soon as they took office. Causes The split within liberalism led to the rise of modern liberalism within the Liberal Party, and the de-emphasis of what some refer to as "classical" liberalism, which had allegedly been the dominant ideology within the party. Historically, liberalism emphasized a system of government to protect liberty; historically, liberalism viewed the threat to liberty as mainly coming from the force and coercion of the state. The split within liberalism occurred when many liberals viewed threats to individual liberty arising from sources other than the state, such as from the concentration of money, the amalgamation of power, or in the destitution of the poor, the sick, or the elderly. Modern liberalism was an ideology which promoted an active government as the best guardian of liberty – both theoretical liberty and effective liberty – through government aid. Several 'New Liberals' such as David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill replaced the earlier ideology apparent in figures such as William Ewart Gladstone (see Gladstonian Liberalism) who felt that people should be responsible for their own lives. The social investigations of Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree. These investigations helped change attitudes towards the causes of poverty. Booth carried out extensive research into the poor living conditions and poverty experienced in London, whilst Rowntree made a social investigation into the problems experienced by the poor in York. These investigations provided statistical evidence for genuine moral concern for the poor. They stated that illness and old age were greater causes of poverty than idleness and moral weakness. Rowntree was himself a close friend of Lloyd George; the pair first met in 1907 after Lloyd George became President of the Board of Trade. Rowntree himself hoped that his proposals could influence Liberal policy. The threat from the emerging Labour Party. Socialism was an increasingly popular ideology. If the Liberals did not put forward popular policies, they were in danger of losing votes and handing the House of Commons to the Conservatives. The trade union movement was growing especially during the period 1910–1912. Unless living conditions were improved, there were genuine concerns that workers may turn to Communism or rebellion. The fact that the Labour Party allowed the Liberals to return to form a government, as they held the seats needed for a majority after the 1910 general election, meant that further legislation was passed, since the Labour Party, which was socially democratic, was allied to workers through their affiliated trade unions. The condition of soldiers during the Boer War was considered unacceptable. The UK Government had trouble enlisting enough able-bodied recruits to the British Army. Germany and the United States were overtaking Britain as economic powers – the success of social legislation in Bismarck's Germany made leading Liberals in the UK such as David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill want to put forward similar legislation. The emergence of public works schemes set up to improve living conditions which were often run by the Liberals raised the possibility that such schemes could occur on a national scale. Previous social legislation The Conservative government in office before the Liberals came to power passed the Unemployed Workmen Act 1905 and the Employment of Children Act in 1905. Slum housing was also cleared for new houses to be built. Much of this legislation was left for local authorities to implement – their attitudes affected whether legislation was fully implemented. In 1902 Conservatives passed the Education Act that provided funds for denominational religious instruction in Church of England and Roman Catholic schools. The Nonconformists, who formed a major Liberal constituency, were outraged at the help to their theological enemies, but failed to repeal it. Liberal reforms 1906–1914 Licensing pubs A favourite goal of Protestant nonconformists was to sharply reduce the heavy drinking by closing as many pubs as possible. Asquith—although a heavy drinker—took the lead in 1908 by proposing to close about one-third of the 100,000 pubs in England and Wales, with the owners compensated through a new tax on surviving pubs. The brewers controlled the pubs and organised a stiff resistance, supported by the Conservatives, who repeatedly defeated the proposal in the House of Lords. However, the "People's Tax" of 1910 included a stiff tax on pubs, and during the First World War, their hours were sharply restricted from about 18 hours a day to . Beer and alcohol consumption fell in half from 1900 to 1920, in part because there were many new leisure opportunities. Children In 1906 children were provided with free school meals. However, many local councils ignored this system, as it was not compulsory for them to provide the free meals and the cost to the council was far greater than was subsidised for. The provision of free school meals was made compulsory in 1914, in which year fourteen million meals per school day were served (compared with nine million per school day in 1910), most of which were free. In 1912, half of all councils in Britain were offering the scheme. Recruitment for the Second Boer War demonstrated the undernourishment and illness among the working classes, and there were fears over future generations being unable to maintain military control of Britain's empire. Also, following an unfavourable report by the Board of Education's inspectors on infant education in 1906, school provision for children under five was restricted (previously, the normal age for the entry of working-class children into full-time education had been three). The Notification of Births Act 1907 sought to quantify and analyse the causes of (and ultimately further reduce) infant mortality. The Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1907 introduced what became known as the Free Place System. The Regulations for Secondary Schools issued that year authorised the payment of a £5 per head grant for each pupil between the ages of 12 and 18, and schools had to conform to certain requirements in order to attain this grant. Schools could not restrict admission to pupils belonging to particular religious denominations, governing bodies had to be reconstituted to include a number of representative governors (some of whom represented the LEA), and at least 25% of the annual intake should be pupils from elementary schools. The Act also provided Local Education Authorities with the power to acquire land for constructing new secondary schools, which led to the coming into being of many county and municipal secondary schools. In 1907, the number of free scholarship places in secondary schools was increased. If working-class pupils passed a scholarship examination, then their fees would be paid for them by the Local Education Authority (LEA). One-quarter of places in most secondary schools would be reserved for scholarship pupils. Bright working-class children were therefore provided with the opportunity to climb "the educational ladder", while for those pupils who failed the scholarship exam, some LEAs had "Central Schools" which provided a practically based curriculum for children between the ages of 11 and 15. The Probation Act 1907 established a probation service to provide supervision within the community for young offenders as an alternative to prison. In 1908, the Children and Young Persons Act 1908 formed part of the "Children's Charter" which imposed punishments for those neglecting children. It became illegal to sell children tobacco, alcohol and fireworks or to send children begging. Juvenile courts and borstals were created instead for young offenders so they did not have to stand in adult courts and go to adult prisons for most offences. The Education (Scotland) Act 1908 enforced medical inspection, free books and travel, free meals and clothing grants, and some bursaries. Medical inspections began in 1907 but many poor families could not afford the cost of the doctors fees to get treated; it was not until 1912 that medical treatment was provided. However, education authorities largely ignored the provision of free medical treatment for school children. A tax allowance for children was introduced in 1909 to help families on low incomes. This allowance of £10 a year was introduced for every child below the age of 16 in the case of income tax payers whose income fell below £500 per annum (this rebate was later doubled in the 1914 budget). The Irish Universities Act 1908 gave to Roman Catholics higher education facilities "which they had lacked for centuries", while the Education (Choice of Employment) Bill passed in 1910, enabling local authorities to provide vocational guidance for school-leavers, with the Board of Education providing grants to authorities from 1911 onwards to carry out this purpose. By mid-1912, however, only forty-one local authorities had responded. Elderly The Old Age Pensions Act 1908 introduced pensions for those over 70. They were paid 5s a week (estimates of the value of this in 2010 are difficult to ascertain, the average wage of a labourer being around 30s. a week) to single men and women; this sum could be collected at the local post office. In January 1910, 75% of Liberal candidates dwelt on pensions in their election addresses, making it, in the words of one historian, "one of the central Liberal themes of the election". The pensions were means-tested (to receive the pension, one had to earn less than £31.50 annually) and intentionally low to encourage workers to make their own provisions for the future. An example of how low this amount was is that if an elderly person was to live on their pension alone they fell below Rowntree's poverty line. It was a struggle for elderly persons to claim their pension as they had to prove that they were not drunkards, for example. Also, to qualify for the pension scheme, they had to have worked to their "full potential". There were no fixed guidelines as to what "full potential" was, so people who had been briefly unemployed could be penalised. To be eligible, they also had to have lived in the country for 20 years or more, so many immigrants could not claim a pension, or British people who had worked abroad and returned to Britain to retire. Also, pensioners could not claim a pension if they had been to prison in the last 10 years. On 31 December 1908 a total of 596,038 pensions had been granted. Workers In 1906, the Factory and Workshop Act 1901 was amended to include laundries, and under the Labour Exchanges Act 1909 labour exchanges were set up in order to help unemployed people find work, by providing centres where a large number of employers and the unemployed could post jobs and apply for them respectively. By February 1910 eighty-three labour exchanges were open, and proved to be invaluable in helping people find employment. In 1913, these labour exchanges were putting around 3,000 people into a job each day. Another measure taken was the 1909 Development Fund, which was an attempt to provide work in times of Depression. This fund was devoted to increasing employment opportunities through measures such as afforestation and the provision of smallholdings in the countryside. In addition, the government encouraged the adoption of Fair Wages contracts by local authorities. In 1908, special regulations were made for electrical safety. The 1906 Notice Of Accidents Act simplified and improved "the system of reporting accidents in mines, quarries, factories and workshops." The Police (Superannuation) Act amended the law as to retirement from the Police Force "in a manner advantageous to the Force and the individual policeman, while at the same time relieving the burden on the rates." The Employment of Women Act 1907 repealed two unimportant provisions of the law "which allowed employment of women at night in a mine or factory to an extent inconsistent with the requirements of the International Convention on the subject" that had been signed by Great Britain and thirteen other States at Berne in 1906. In 1908, a shipbuilding programme for that year was accelerated to boost labour demand, while loans sanctioned by the Local Government Board since the early summer for 'works of public utility' (such as street improvements, waterworks, and sewerage) had exceeded £700,000. Spending on relief work and public works was also significantly increased to alleviate unemployment, while the Local Government Board regulations governing the type of work provided by distress committees and local authorities, together with the eligibility of applicants for relief, were both relaxed. In 1909 the construction of back-to-back houses was finally forbidden. For those in Ireland, the Labourers (Ireland) Act 1906 empowered Rural District Councils to acquire land for labourers' cottages and plots, while the Town Tenants Act extended "the principle of compensation for improvements at the termination of a lease to the urban tenant". The Regulations of 1907 for the manufacture of paints and colours prohibited women and young persons from manipulating lead colour (defined as any dry carbonate of lead, red lead or any colour containing either of these substances) and ordered monthly medical examinations of all employees engaged in a lead process. Regulations introduced that same year concerning the heading of yarn dyed by means of a lead compound prohibited the employment of young persons and prescribed the medical examination "of all workers in the process once every three months". The Trade Boards Act 1909 created boards to set minimum wage criteria that were legally enforceable. The main provision was to set minimum wages in certain trades with the history of low wages, because of surplus of available workers, the presence of women workers, or the lack of skills. At first it applied to four industries: chain-making, ready-made dresses. paper-box making, and the machine-made lace and finishing trade. About 70 per cent of their 200,000 workers were women. It was later expanded to coal mining and then to other industries with a preponderance of unskilled manual labour by the Trade Boards Act 1918, and by 1924 to farm labourers. The Mines Accidents (Rescue and Aid) Act 1910 provided for the availability of first aid treatment, rescue work, and fire precautions at mines, and that same year a central Road Board was established to fund improvements in road conditions, a measure made necessary by the new motor traffic. Upon its introduction the new Board began at once to enable the County Councils to begin tarring the surfaces of main roads. Health and Welfare A number of innovations in social welfare were carried by the Liberal Government during its time in office. The Housing of the Working Classes and Town Planning Act, as noted by one study, “liberalized still further the terms of housing loans, increasing the proportion of money needed which could be lent and the time for repayment. Local authorities could borrow all or part of the money required from the Public Works Loan Commissioners for 60 years (80 for the land) and Public Utility Societies could borrow two-thirds of the needed cash for 40 years In both cases the interest rate at that time was 372 per cent, but this depended on market fluctuations. Up to 1909 municipal housing had been optional. It now became obligatory where a shortage was judged to exist. The town planning powers conferred have had far-reaching results in preventing congestion in un- built-on areas.” The 1910 Census Bill sought to obtain more information "about both family structure and urban conditions in order for the government to develop policies to tackle problems such as infant mortality and slum housing", while administrative reforms were carried out that by 1913 "had resulted in a more effective deployment of medical staff in the infirmaries". Under Part 1 of the National Insurance Act 1911, compulsory health insurance was provided for workers earning less than £160 per year. The scheme was contributed to by the worker who contributed fourpence, the employer who contributed threepence and the government who contributed twopence. The scheme provided sickness benefit entitlement of nine shillings, free medical treatment and maternity benefit of 30 shillings. An estimated 13 million workers came to be compulsorily covered under this scheme. Part 2 of the Act gave workers the right to sick pay of 9s a week and free medical treatment in return for a payment of 4d a week. Sick pay would be paid for 26 weeks of sickness. The medical treatment was provided by doctors who belonged to a "panel" in each district. Doctors received a fee from the insurance fund for each panel patient they treated. The Act also gave workers the right to unemployment pay of 7s 6d a week for 15 weeks in return for a payment of 2½d a week. This scheme was also financed through the contributions of workers and government. Although only a minority of workers were insured by this scheme, it nevertheless covered a number of trades and industries, such as shipbuilding, which were particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in employment. Although the National Health Insurance scheme was not universal in its coverage, it was nevertheless of great benefit to the majority of Britons. The scheme safeguarded health and made Britain a fitter nation, while doing much to accustom wage earners to medical attention. Doctors also benefited from the scheme in that it provided most of them with a more reliable and higher income, and led to an increase in the number of doctors. The National Health Insurance scheme arguably paved the way for the eventual establishment of the more comprehensive and universal National Health Service (NHS). Agriculture Various measures were introduced to improve the quality of rural life. The Agricultural Holdings Act, passed in 1906, allowed farmers to farm their holdings without interference from landlords. The Small Holdings and Allotments Acts 1907 and 1908 sought to limit the degree to which fixtures and improvements remained the property of landlords, and to increase the number of small farmers. Another Smallholdings and Allotments Act, passed in 1908, empowered county councils to purchase agricultural land to lease as smallholdings. Between 1908 and 1914 some 200,000 acres were acquired by county councils and some 14,000 holdings were created. In Ireland, the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1909 "helped force landlords to sell land to tenants". Under the leadership of David Lloyd George Liberals extended minimum wages to farm workers starting in 1909 then succeeding in 1924. Reforms after 1910 After the two general elections of January and December 1910, the Liberal Party did not have a majority in the House of Commons and was reliant on the support of the 80 or so Irish Nationalist MPs to remain in office. However, a wish to retain the support of the 40 or so Labour Party MPs may have been a factor inclining the Liberal governments to further reforms. In 1912, school clinics were set up to treat children who had been diagnosed as having an illness during a School Medical under the 1907 scheme. This measure ensured that more children had access to free medical care. From 1912, Exchequer grants were paid to education authorities providing medical treatment for children, and by 1914, 214 out of the (then) 317 local authorities were providing some kind of medical treatment for children. Regulations introduced in 1911 concerning the smelting of materials containing lead and the manufacture of red or orange lead and flaked litharge prohibited the employment of women and young persons in these processes and ordered monthly medical examinations of all employees. The Factory Workshop (Cotton Cloth Factories) Act 1911 provided the Secretary of State with the power to make regulations to improve conditions in cotton cloth factories in relation to ventilation and humidity, while The Labourers (Ireland) Act 1911 applied the dormant portion of the Irish Suitors' Fund to the purposes of the Labourer's Cottages' Fund, while bestowing authority upon the Irish Land Commission "to extend the limit of advances which may be made" for the provision of allotments and houses from £4.5 million to £5.5 million, while also providing further powers for the demolition of unhealthy cottages. The Public Health (Ireland) Act empowered Irish local authorities to set up regulations for the seizure of unsound meat and for inspecting slaughterhouses, while the Public Health (Scotland) Act 1897 was amended in 1911, extending the powers of local authorities under the Public Health (Scotland) Act to any body of commissioners or trustees authorised to supply water. The Public Libraries (Art Galleries in County Boroughs) Ireland Act 1911 empowered Dublin and other county councils to raise a half-penny rate for the support of art galleries, while the Old Age Pensions Act 1911 improved residency requirements for entitlement to pensions. The Intestate Husband's Estate (Scotland) Act 1911 provided widows in Scotland with the same right as in England to a first charge of £500 on the property of her deceased husband if he died intestate, while a Public Works Loans Act passed that same year authorised the use of £5.5 million of public money for public works. In 1913, the status of day technical classes was raised to that of junior technical schools. In 1913, five additional wage boards were set up that covered hollow ware making, shirt making, sugar confectionery and food preserving, tin box making, and linen and cotton embroidery, along with a portion of the laundry industry. These extensions led to an additional 140,000 being covered by minimum wage legislation. The Public Health (Prevention and Treatment of Disease) Act 1913 empowered local authorities to formulate tuberculosis schemes, while a Trade Union passed that same year clarified the legal position of trade unions while also restoring their political power, together with the financial position of the Labour Party. In 1914, Local Authorities received grants from the government to provide maternal and child welfare services. while the Criminal Justice Administration Act passed that same year compelled magistrates to allow for sufficient time to be made for paying fines. As noted by the historian C. P. Hill, this legislation was both merciful and economical, as it helped to reduce the prison population. The budget of 1914 brought greater progressivity into the taxation system by increasing levels of direct taxation on the wealthy while also investing more money in social services. The educational grant was increased, with money allocated towards the training of specialist teachers, schools for the deformed, grants for open-air schools for victims of tuberculosis, and further state provision for school-meal services. In addition, new provisions for maternity centres, sanitoria, and ancillary health services under the 1911 insurance bill were introduced, together with £4 million in loans for local authority house-building. People's Budget (1909) The Liberal reforms were funded by David Lloyd George passing his Finance Bill (that he called "the People's Budget") which taxed the "rich" in order to subsidize "working" citizens and the ill and injured. Lloyd George argued that his budget would eliminate poverty, and commended the budget thus: This is a war Budget. It is for raising money to wage implacable warfare against poverty and squalidness. I cannot help hoping and believing that before this generation has passed away, we shall have advanced a great step towards that good time, when poverty, and the wretchedness and human degradation which always follows in its camp, will be as remote to the people of this country as the wolves which once infested its forests. The budget met opposition in the House of Lords and, contrary to British constitutional convention, the Conservatives used their large majority in the Lords to vote down the Budget. In response, the Liberals turned to (what they believed to be) the widespread unpopularity of the Lords to make reducing the power of the Lords an important issue of the January 1910 general election. The Liberals returned in a hung parliament after the election: The Liberals formed a minority government with the support of the Labour and Irish nationalist MPs. The Lords subsequently accepted the Budget when the land tax proposal was dropped. However, as a result of the dispute over the Budget, the new government introduced resolutions (that would later form the Parliament Bill) to limit the power of the Lords. The Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith, asked Edward VII to create sufficient new Liberal peers to pass the Bill if the Lords rejected it. The King assented, provided that Asquith went back to the polls to obtain an explicit mandate for the constitutional change. The Lords voted this 1910 Parliament Bill down, so Asquith called a second general election in December 1910, and again formed a minority government. Edward VII had died in May 1910, but George V agreed that, if necessary, he would create 500 new Liberal peers to neutralise the Conservative majority in the Lords. The Conservative Lords then backed down, and on 10 August 1911, the House of Lords passed the Parliament Act 1911 by a narrow 131–114 vote. In his War Memoirs, Lloyd George said of this time, "the partisan warfare that raged round these topics was so fierce that by 1913 this country was brought to the verge of civil war". Limitations While the Liberal reforms were one of Britain's most ambitious welfare reform programmes, there were several limitations to the reforms they passed. Free school meals were not compulsory. Pensions were refused to those who had not been in work most of their life and life expectancy at birth at this time was only 55 so relatively few people lived long enough to receive a pension. The labour exchange programme often managed to find people only part-time casual work. The poor had to pay National Insurance Contributions out of their wages and the 7s 6d was not enough to live on. Unemployment and sickness pay also only lasted for a limited time. Free medical care was available to only a wage-earner, not the wife or children or grandparents and other relatives. The new National Health Insurance scheme also did not provide coverage for all forms of medical care. It did not provide cover for special advice while many people could not get acquire dental, ophthalmic or other treatment through NHI. Also, other people were not covered for convalescent homes, while the only specialist services for those in NHI were for TB and VD. The welfare measures introduced by the Liberal government concerning the sick, the elderly, and the children did, however, lead to a reduction in poverty, with the total number of paupers falling from 916,377 in 1910 to 748,019 by 1914. Contemporary criticism The Liberal reforms received criticism from those who saw this level of government action to mitigate social evils as interfering with market forces and thus being antithetical to the operations of a free market. One political cartoon of the time criticised the reforms as allegedly socialist in nature. The cost of the reforms was also criticised and there were also critics who suggested that the reforms would not work in practice. There were classical liberals who opposed these reforms; this included Harold Cox, elected as a Liberal in 1906, and who was almost alone among Liberal MPs in his opposition. He considered them to be "eroding freedom" and "undermining individual responsibility". The Liberal journalist and editor of The Economist (1907–1916), F. W. Hirst, also opposed the reforms and the welfare state in general. Some workers objected to paying 4d per week to the National Insurance contributions. The chant "Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a thief" was chanted at Lloyd George by workers and referred to the suggestion that Welshman Lloyd George was taking their wages away from them. However, Lloyd George responded with his famous phrase "Nine pence for four pence" which referenced the fact that employers and the government were topping up the workers' contributions. Legislation Trade Disputes Act 1906 – Protected trade unions from legal claims for damages by businesses affected by strikes. Workmen's Compensation Act 1906 – Granted compensation for injury at work. Merchant Shipping Act 1906 Education (Provision of Meals) Act 1906 Education (Administrative Provisions) Act 1907 – created school medical inspections. Matrimonial Causes Act 1907 Coal Mines Regulation Act 1908 – Miners now worked 8-hour days. Children and Young Persons Act 1908 (Children's Charter) Old Age Pensions Act 1908 Labour Exchanges Act 1909 Trade Boards Act 1909 Housing and Town Planning Act 1909 National Insurance Act 1911 Shops Act 1911 – shop workers could now take half a day off work per week. Coal Mines (Minimum Wage) Act 1912 From 1911 MPs were given a salary of £400 per annum, meaning that it was much easier for working-class people to stand for election. See also Edwardian era References Further reading Blewett, Neal. Peers, the Parties and the People: General Elections of 1910 (1972) Briggs, Asa. "The Political Scene" in Simon Nowell-Smith, ed. Edwardian England, 1901–14 (1964), 43–102. Brown, Kenneth D. "The Labour Party and the Unemployment Question, 1906–1910." Historical Journal 14#3 (1971): 599–616. Cregier, Don M. Bounder from Wales: Lloyd George's Career Before the First World War (U of Missouri Press, 1976). Cross, Colin. The Liberals in Power, 1905–1914 (1963) Daglish, N. D. "A 'difficult and somewhat thankless task': politics, religion and the Education Bill of 1908." Journal of educational administration and history 31.1 (1999): 19–35. Gilbert, Bentley Brinkerhoff. "David Lloyd George: Land, The Budget, and Social Reform." American Historical Review 81.5 (1976): 1058–1066. Gilbert, Bentley B. "David Lloyd George: the reform of British landholding and the budget of 1914." Historical Journal 21.1 (1978): 117-141 online. Halévy, Elie. History of the English People, 1905–1914 (1934), 686pp. Harris, Bernard. The origins of the British welfare state: social welfare in England and Wales, 1800–1945 (Palgrave, 2004). Häusermann, Silja, Georg Picot, and Dominik Geering. "Review article: Rethinking party politics and the welfare state–recent advances in the literature." British Journal of Political Science 43#1 (2013): 221–240. online Hawkins, Alun. "Edwardian Liberalism", History Workshop (1977) No. 4 pp. 143–61 Hay, James Roy. Origins of the Liberal Welfare Reforms, 1906–14 (1975) 78pp complete online Jenkins, Roy. Asquith: portrait of a man and an era (1964) Mommsen, Wolfgang J., and Wolfgang Mock, eds. The emergence of the welfare state in Britain and Germany, 1850–1950 (Taylor & Francis, 1981). Murray, Bruce K. The People's Budget, 1909–1910: Lloyd George and Liberal Politics (1980). Packer, Ian. Liberal government and politics, 1905–15 (Springer, 2006). Packer, Ian. Lloyd George, liberalism and the land: The land issue and party politics in England, 1906–1914 (Boydell & Brewer, 2001). Quinault, Roland. "Asquith's Liberalism." History 77.249 (1992): 33–49. Russell, A. K. Liberal landslide: the general election of 1906 (1973). Thompson, James. "The Genesis of the 1906 Trades Disputes Act: Liberalism, Trade Unions, and the Law." Twentieth Century British History 9.2 (1998): 175–200. Weiler, Peter. The New Liberalism: Liberal Social Theory in Great Britain, 1889–1914 (Routledge, 2016). Primary sources External links BBC site assessing reasons for the Liberal reforms Liberal welfare reforms 1906–11 Achievements of the Liberal reforms An interactive 'spider diagram' showing reasons for the Liberal reforms BBC bitesize revision site BBC page on the nature of the reforms BBC page on the effect the Liberal reforms had on different sections of society The People's Budget and the Welfare State David Lloyd George Exhibition, National Library of Wales National Insurance Act 1911 Liberal Party (UK) Political history of the United Kingdom Poor Law in Britain and Ireland Poverty in the United Kingdom Welfare in the United Kingdom 1900s in British politics 1910s in British politics Reform in the United Kingdom H. H. Asquith Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Eric Dosantos (born 25 February 1995) is an Uruguayan rugby union player, currently playing for Súper Liga Americana de Rugby side Peñarol. His preferred position is flanker. Professional career Dosantos signed for Súper Liga Americana de Rugby side Peñarol ahead of the 2021 Súper Liga Americana de Rugby season. He has also represented the Uruguay national team. References External links itsrugby.co.uk Profile 1995 births Living people Uruguayan rugby union players Rugby union flankers Peñarol Rugby players Uruguay international rugby union players Rugby union locks 2023 Rugby World Cup players
Manfred Bischoff (born 22 April 1942) is a German businessman who has been the chairman of the supervisory boards of Daimler AG and Mercedes-Benz. Early life Bischoff was born on 22 April 1942 in Calw, Germany. He earned a degree in Economics, and a PhD from Heidelberg University in 1973. Career From 2000 until 2007, Bischoff was chairman of EADS. He was a member of the Daimler supervisory board since 2006, and its chairman from 2007 to 2015. Upon retirement, he was largely credited with the creation of Airbus and EADS by Airbus chairman Denis Ranque. Bischoff was expected to be replaced by Dieter Zetsche in 2021 until Bernd Pischetsrieder was chosen as his successor instead. Other activities Corporate boards Mercedes-Benz, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2019) SMS Group, Member of the Supervisory Board (-2019 Airbus, Member of the Board of Directors (-2016) Fraport, Member of the Supervisory Board (2002-2012) UniCredit, Independent Member of the Board of Directors (2005-2016) KPN, Member of the Board of Directors (2003-2013) Voith, Member of the Supervisory Board (1999-2014) Nortel, Member of the Board of Directors (2004-2009) Mitsubishi Motors, Member of the Board of Directors (2000-2004) Lagardère Group, Member of the Board of Directors (1998-2005) Non-profit organizations American Academy in Berlin, Member of the Board of Trustees Deutsche Nationalstiftung, Member of the Senate German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Member of the Advisory Council Munich Academy of Fine Arts, Member of the Board of Trustees Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group Technical University of Munich, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 1999) Controversy In 2007, Bischoff was one of several EADS senior executives who were questioned by French financial regulator AMF as part of an investigation into alleged insider trading. Bischoff was cleared of any wrong-doing by the AMF. References 1942 births Living people Heidelberg University alumni Daimler people People from Calw Airbus people Nortel people Mitsubishi Motors people
The 2008 South American Aquatics Championships, or Campeonato Sudamericano de Primera Fuerza de Deportes Acuáticos (as they were called in Spanish), were held March 12–16, 2008, in São Paulo, Brazil. The Championships were an event of CONSANAT, the South American Swimming Confederation, and featured competitions in diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo. The swimming competition at the Championships served as a qualifying event for the 2008 Olympics. The water polo competition served as the South American qualifier for the UANA Cup: the Americas qualifier for the 2009 World Championships. Diving Men's results Women's results Point standings Swimming Note: Competition was in a long course (50 m) pool. Men's results Women's results Records 10 South American Records were set in: Men's 100 m backstroke: 54.67, Guilherme Guido, Brazil Men's 100 m breaststroke: 1:01.44, Henrique Barbosa, Brazil Women's 100 m freestyle: 55.73, Tatiana Lemos, Brazil Women's 200 m freestyle: 2:00.62, Monique Ferreira, Brazil Women's 50 m backstroke: 28.45, Fabíola Molina, Brazil Women's 100 m backstroke: 1:01.40, Fabíola Molina, Brazil Women's 50 m breaststroke: 32.53, Valéria Merea, Peru Women's 50 m butterfly: 27.48, Gabriella Silva, Brazil Women's 100 m butterfly: 59.79, Gabriella Silva, Brazil Women's 400 m medley relay: 4:11.53, Brazil (Molina, Sakemi, Silva, Lemos) Additionally, 8 Championship Records (CRs) were set in: Men's 200 m freestyle: 1:50.41, Rodrigo Castro, Brazil Men's 50 m backstroke: 25.19, Guilherme Guido, Brazil Men's 50 m breaststroke: 28.40, Felipe Lima, Brazil Men's 50 m butterfly: 23.88, Nicholas Santos, Brazil Men's 400 m individual medley: 4:17.64, Thiago Pereira, Brazil Men's 800 m freestyle relay: 7:33.30, Venezuela Women's 50 m freestyle: 25.25, Flávia Delaroli Cazziolato, Brazil Women's 400 m freestyle: 4:13.77, Monique Ferreira, Brazil Open water swimming Note: Competition dates were March 7 (5 km) and March 9 (10 km). Men's results Women's results Team results Note: Based on fastest total time of compiled 3 fastest times (male and female) per country in both events. Synchronized swimming Results T=Technical program score; F=Free program score (each weights equally) Point standings *Aruba is not a normal CONSANAT member, and only competed in the synchro solo competition at these Championships. Water polo Game winners are italicized. Men's tournament Women's tournament Final standings Overall medals table External links Event page on the Brazilian Swimming Federation website 2008 in water sports S 2008 in swimming Swimming competitions in South America 2008 in South American sport International sports competitions in São Paulo March 2008 sports events in South America
Moose Life is a forward-scrolling shoot 'em up game for Microsoft Windows developed by Llamasoft. Similar to past Llamasoft titles like Tempest 2000 and Polybius, the title incorporates influences from classic arcade games of the early 1980s, along with psychedelic visuals and electronic music to create a trance-like effect. It supports virtual reality using Steam VR and PSVR. Gameplay The player controls a moose traveling on a forward-facing path with two planes of gameplay at the top and bottom of the screen. Players can move in any direction, but may only shoot forward, and can switch between the two planes of gameplay with a button press. Players can collect sheep, released by destroying a checkered ball, to gain temporary invulnerability and a bonus if they are successfully brought to the end of the stage. Enemies may drop power-ups in the form of pills that grant new abilities or perks. The game consists of 50 stages, with pre-defined waves of enemies that appear in a semi-random layout. Like many other Llamasoft titles, it saves the "best" state when a new level is reached, based on the highest number of lives, and allows players to restart from any of these points, rather than starting over every time. Development and release Moose Life began as part of a planned follow-up to Minotaur Arcade Vol. 1, using the same voxel-based engine and framework. It was planned as a companion or "B-side" to a new version of Super Ox Wars, but after some promising development Llamasoft decided to shelve Super Ox Wars and focus on Moose Life as a stand-alone title. The title was teased by a screenshot release on creator Jeff Minter's twitter on August 21, 2019. Its release was announced shortly before its release on July 30, 2020. Reception Hardcore Gamer rated the title 4/5. Eurogamer gave a positive, unscored review, saying "This is a joyous game... As the levels pile up and the gimmicks flow, Moose Life makes me happier and happier." References 2020 video games Virtual reality games Indie games Video games developed in the United Kingdom Llamasoft games Oculus Rift games Valve Index games Shoot 'em ups Video games with voxel graphics Windows games Windows-only games
Kōzaki Station can refer to the following train stations in Japan: Kōzaki Station (Ōita) (幸崎駅), operated by JR Kyushu Kōzaki Station (Wakayama) (神前駅), operated by Wakayama Electric Railway
The Dover and Delaware River Railroad is a short-line railroad operating along of track in the northern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey between Phillipsburg and Newark. It was created in 2019 to take over local freight operations from Norfolk Southern Railway between Phillipsburg and Newark, leasing and operating the Washington Secondary line between Phillipsburg and Hackettstown from Norfolk Southern Railway and acquiring trackage rights along NJ Transit's Morristown Line, Montclair-Boonton Line, and Gladstone Branch. The railroad also acquired small stretches of track in Washington, Wayne, and Totowa. The Dover and Delaware River Railroad interchanges with Norfolk Southern Railway in Phillipsburg. The DD is a wholly owned subsidiary of Chesapeake and Delaware, LLC. References External links Official website New Jersey railroads Railway companies established in 2019 Spin-offs of the Norfolk Southern Railway 2019 establishments in New Jersey
Jackson's Ville is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Reception The Allmusic review by Jim Todd stated: "This fine 1956 date features Jackson leading a session that moves with ease and authority through a relaxing eight-minute ride on Charlie Parker's 'Now's the Time,' an Ellington ballad medley, and a pair of the vibist's own blues-based, hard bop compositions. The real treat here is Lucky Thompson's tenor sax. The Don Byas-influenced Thompson has a sound that invites the listener to luxuriate in its grace and strength". Track listing "Now's the Time" (Charlie Parker) – 8:16 "In a Sentimental Mood/Mood Indigo/Azure" (Duke Ellington) – 6:43 "Minor Conception" (Milt Jackson) – 8:36 "Soul in 3/4" (Jackson) – 6:40 Personnel Milt Jackson – vibraphone Lucky Thompson – tenor saxophone Hank Jones – piano Wendell Marshall – bass Kenny Clarke – drums References Savoy Records albums Milt Jackson albums 1956 albums Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio Albums produced by Ozzie Cadena Albums recorded in a home studio
Mahmoud M. Ayoub (June 1, 1935 – October 31, 2021) was a Lebanese Islamic scholar and professor of religious and inter-faith studies. Early life Mahmoud was born into a devout Muslim family on June 1, 1935, at Ain Qana (South Lebanon), a small town with an integrated religious population. His upbringing was socially integrated with events and people from both the Islamic and Christian religious faiths. Mahmoud Ayoub attended a British Presbyterian missionary school for the blind as a child. He described his experience in that school noting that "the school authorities did not really have an educational programme for us, what they wanted to do mainly was to make us Christians and of course they did and that created a lot of tension between me and my family, particularly my father." He would later join an American Southern Baptist Church seeking a more zealous approach of reaching others with the Gospel. During his university studies, he would eventually revert to Islam. Education After receiving a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy from the American University of Beirut in 1964, he moved to America to complete a Master of Arts in religious thought from the University of Pennsylvania in 1966 and then a doctorate in history of religion from Harvard University in 1975. It was during his studies he resolved returning to Islam as his mother and father had wished for. Career Ayoub was the faculty associate of Shi’ite Islam and Christian-Muslim relations and co-director at the Duncan Black MacDonald Center for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim relations for Hartford Seminary at Georgetown University. From 1988 to 2008, Mahmoud was professor and director of Islamic studies at the Department of Religion at Temple University in Philadelphia, an adjunct professor at Hartford Seminary in Connecticut, a research fellow at the Middle East Center at the University of Pennsylvania and a Tolson visiting professor at the Pacific School of Religion at Berkeley University. In 1998, Ayoub helped develop and start a graduate Master of Arts-level program in Muslim-Christian relations and comparative religion for the Centre for Christian-Muslim Studies at the University of Balamand in Lebanon. Ayoub has also taught at San Diego State University, the University of Toronto and McGill University. Published work Mahmoud Ayoub is author of various books and publications, some of which are: Redemptive Suffering In Islam (1978) The Qur'an and Its Interpreters - Volume I (1984) The Qur'an and Its Interpreters - Volume II (1992) Islam: Faith and History (2005) A Muslim View Of Christianity: Essays On Dialogue (2007) The Crisis Of Muslim History: Religion And Politics In Early Islam (2014) Theological position Mahmoud Ayoub promotes a moderate interpretation and understanding of Islamic theology. A 2006 article about Muslim cab drivers and their adherence to the various religious rules and keeping the letter of the laws of Islam, when speaking to cab drivers transporting customers having alcoholic products, Ayoub is quoted saying "I know many Muslims who own gas stations [alcohol is prohibited in Islam] and sell ham sandwiches [pork is prohibited in Islam]. They justify it and I think rightly so; that they have to make a living." In 2013 when responding to questions about ISIS/ISIL, Ayoub dismissed them as contrary to Islam, stating that extremism has always been a problem in the religion, noting that Islam is unique among faiths in that it was founded as both a religion and a state. Mahmoud clarified the ideal dynamic would be a balance between the two with the state remaining in ultimate control. He further stated that from Islam's earliest beginnings, some have challenged that balance and sought to impose brutal theocracies, citing one group early in Islamic history that acted much like ISIS, trying to found a theocracy and killing all those who resisted or disagreed with it. "My view is the action of ISIS is not unique. Extremism appears in every epoch of Islam." At a lecture in 2013 at Oakwood University in Huntsville, Alabama, Ayoub said at the heart of the Islamic moral system is love, the basis for peace. In quoting a passage from the Hadith (collected sayings of Muhammad): "No one of you will be a true believer until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." In a 2014 article in The Jewish Exponent regarding religious observations, Ayoub's words are quoted “Repentance may be regarded as the cornerstone of religious life of both the individual and society.” In the media In 2009 Ayoub voiced his opinion regarding the idea of a U.S. Muslim college, believing Muslims are better off attending established American schools, saying U.S. Muslims badly need a seminary since there are none in the country: "I don't know that I would send my child to go to a college where they can only learn tradition. Young people have to live, I like mixing people. I don't like ghettos." On 24 March 2015 the Peace Islands Institute brought together Mahmoud M. Ayoub and Neset Ulusal of Quinnipiac University for a discussion entitled "Muslim Voices Against Extremism". In a 2015 article Ayoub's work was mentioned as helping develop a scholarly approach to inter-faith relations between Islam and Christianity. In 2016 Ayoub was mentioned being the “driving force behind establishing the chair and raising money for it” regarding the first academic chair in North America dedicated to Shi’i studies at Hartford to help complementing and contrasting dialogue balancing the predominant Sunni view of Islamic thought. Controversy In 2008 Ayoub was instrumental in persuading the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) into donating $1.5 million for the Temple University Seminary chair office. This effort was met with warnings from David Horowitz claiming the IIIT group had funded terrorism and having terrorist ties. After the university seemed unable to publicly respond with an open acceptance or rejection of the donation, the IIIT withdrew its offer in December of that year. Although IIIT had been investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Homeland Security after the domestic terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, no charges were brought against their organization. Awards In 2012, Mr. Ayoub received the Distinguished Scholar Award from the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). Mahmoud has received a Kent Doctoral Fellowship, a Fulbright scholarship and a Canada Council Fellowship. Death Mahmoud M. Ayoub died in Montreal where he lived for the past several years on 31 October 2021. References External links Georgetown University Professor's Page Interviews with Professor Ayoud 1935 births 2021 deaths Lebanese Shia Muslims Hashemite people Harvard Divinity School alumni American University of Beirut alumni University of Pennsylvania alumni Farabi International Award recipients American blind people Lebanese blind people People from Nabatieh District Fulbright alumni Blind scholars and academics Muslim scholars of Islamic studies
Ben C. Sutton Jr. is an American investor and philanthropist and the founder and Chairman of Teall Capital, a private equity fund and portfolio holding company that helps colleges in their athletic operations. The Teall portfolio includes a portfolio of businesses including Riddle & Bloom, a national next-generation marketing agency; TPG, a high school sports marketing enterprise; Tailgate Guys, a national market-leading hospitality company; Sunshine Beverages, makers of healthy energy beverages; Complex Sports and Entertainment; Nickel; and Dyehard Fan Supply, a national sports/entertainment merchandising business. In addition, separate partnerships managed by the Sutton family include interests in the Winston-Salem Dash (minor league baseball club); Alpha Omega, Tolosa and Perinet (wineries in California and Spain); Algonquian Farms and R&S Farms (North Carolina farming operations); technology (including Xperial, Real World Playbook, and ClubUp); residential real estate development; and restaurants (including the award-winning Le Bilboquet in Atlanta). Sutton was formerly chairman and president of IMG College, the largest college sports sponsorship and media company in America, and the top college or professional sports property sales organization in the country (as named by Industry trade, Sports Business Journal). Education Sutton graduated from Wake Forest University with a bachelor's degree in 1980. He obtained a Juris Doctor Degree from the Wake Forest University School of Law in 1983. Currently, Sutton serves in the board of Wake Forest University. Business career Sutton's impact is evident in the development and commercialization of school sports in the United States. After spending nine years with Wake Forest University, Sutton founded ISP Sports in 1992. Over the next 18 years, he nurtured ISP from its first media rights partnership with Wake Forest to over 65 NCAA colleges and conferences. Under the leadership of Sutton, ISP Sports grew to become a leader in collegiate sports marketing. ISP also developed the largest companies in stadium comfort seating and primary market ticketing in the college or professional sports marketplaces with more than 150 university partners. In 2010, Sutton led the acquisition of ISP by IMG. Mr. Sutton served as the chairman and president of IMG College at The Collegiate Licensing Company and helped lead the effort to sell IMG to Silver Lake Capital Partners and WME for almost $2.4 billion. After serving as Chairman Emeritus of IMG College, Sutton founded Teall Investments in 2017. Teall Investments LLC, is a private equity company based in Winston-Salem, Atlanta and San Francisco and manages significant investment interest in Fluent, Tailgate Guys, Sunshine, Riddle & Bloom, Applebee's, R&S Farms, Alpha Omega and many others. Currently, Sutton serves on numerous boards, including those for Wake Forest University, Ronald Reagan Foundation, U.S. Olympic Committee foundation, Falk School of Sports Management at Syracuse University, National Football Foundation and Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Awards and recognition In addition to being named one of the top or most powerful sports executives in America by numerous publications, Sutton has received numerous awards. Order of the Long Leaf Pine, which is the highest civilian honor in North Carolina. Following years of service and philanthropy, Sutton was awarded the Wake Forest University Distinguished Alumni award in 2015. In 2017, he was inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame. Philanthropy The Sutton Family Foundation has invested more than $40 million in significant national and local causes, including: Sutton Recreation and Wellness Center at Wake Forest University (opened 2016) Sutton Sports Performance Center at Wake Forest University (opening 2018) Ben C. Sutton Scholarship at Wake Forest University Sutton Softball Field at Forsyth Country Day School (top high school softball stadium in U.S.) Family Life and Community Center at Knollwood Baptist Church (opened 2017) HopeWay Center (holistic psychiatric and wellness care; opened 2017) Donation to Reagan Foundation See also IMG College References Living people American sports executives and administrators American philanthropists Year of birth missing (living people) Wake Forest University alumni Wake Forest University School of Law alumni
Ladji Diakité (Arabic: لادجي دياكيتي), is a Malian filmmaker. He is best known as the director of critically acclaimed feature films such as Duel à Dafa and Fantan Fanga. Apart from direction, Diakité is also an assistant director and costume designer. Personal life He was born in Bamako, Mali. Diakité obtained his master’s degree in literature from the Ecole Normale Supérieure. He also studied at the Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (National Centre for Film Production). Career In 1991, he joined the film Ta Dona as the costume designer. Then in 1997, he worked in the film Taafé Fanga as the assistant director. In 2001, he directed maiden film La Rencontre des chasseurs. In 2006, he involved in the tele film Duel a Dafa. Then in 2007, he directed Duel à Dafa and then Fantan Fanga co-directed with Adama Drabo in 2009. The film received official selection of Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESPACO) 2009. Meanwhile, he became the head of Chief Production Division of the Centre national de la cinématographie du Mali (National Center of Cinematography of Mali: CNCM). Filmography References External links Living people Documentary film directors Malian film directors People from Bamako Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century Malian people
The 1992 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University during the 1992 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Colgate tied for third in the Patriot League. In its fifth and final season under head coach Michael Foley, the team compiled a 4–7 record. T. J. Donahue and Joe Napoli were the team captains. The Red Raiders outscored opponents 287 to 199. Their 2–3 conference record tied for third place in the six-team Patriot League standings. The team played its home games at Andy Kerr Stadium in Hamilton, New York. Schedule References Colgate Colgate Raiders football seasons Colgate Red Raiders football
Morgi is a dzielnica (district) of Mysłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 3.49 km2 and in 2012 had a population of 2,146. In the middle of the 19th century the area was yet covered with a forest belonging to the town of Mysłowice. Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck bought it then to cut the trees to fuel local heavy industry. Deforested land commenced to be inhabited. In 1900 a local school was opened. A local church was built in 1946. References Neighbourhoods in Silesian Voivodeship Mysłowice
Elizabeth II was Queen of Guyana from 1966 to 1970, when Guyana was independent sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy. She was also the sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her constitutional roles were delegated to the governor-general of Guyana. History The Crown colony of British Guiana became an independent country called Guyana on 26 May 1966, with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state and Queen of Guyana. The Duke and Duchess of Kent, represented the Queen of Guyana at the independence celebrations. The Duke opened the first session of the Guyanese Parliament, on behalf of the Queen, and gave the speech from the throne. The Queen's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Guyana, her representative in Guyana, who was appointed by the Queen on the advice of her Guyanese Prime Minister. The Governor-General acted on the advice of the Guyanese ministers. Three governors-general held office: Sir Richard Luyt (1966), Sir David Rose (1966–1969), and Sir Edward Luckhoo (1969–1970). All executive powers of Guyana were vested in the monarch, but were mostly exercised by the governor-general on her behalf. The new Guyanese constitution provided for the country to become a republic after 45 months by a majority vote in the House of Assembly. Exactly 45 months from independence, Guyana became a republic within the Commonwealth, with the president of Guyana as head of state. The Queen visited Guyana on 4–5 February 1966, where she opened the Queen Elizabeth II National Park (now Guyana National Park). She toured Guyana as Head of the Commonwealth on 19–22 February 1994. Styles Elizabeth II had the following styles in her role as the monarch of Guyana: 26 May 1966 – 18 June 1966: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith 18 June 1966 – 23 February 1970: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Guyana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth References Government of Guyana Politics of Guyana Guyana Heads of state of Guyana 1966 establishments in Guyana 1970 disestablishments in Guyana Former Commonwealth monarchies Former monarchies of South America Political history of Guyana Titles held only by one person
Lyot is a large peak ring crater in the Vastitas Borealis region of Mars, located at 50.8° north latitude and 330.7° west longitude within the Ismenius Lacus quadrangle. It is 236 km in diameter. Its name refers to Bernard Lyot, a French astronomer (1897–1952). Lyot crater, featuring a central peak in the middle, stands out on the flat plains of Vastitas Borealis, which is generally flat and smooth with few large craters. Lyot is the deepest point in the northern hemisphere of Mars. To the south are the Deuteronilus Mensae, and further to the southeast are Protonilus Mensae. To the west is the smaller Micoud crater, and to the east-southeast is Moreux crater. Research published in 2009 describes evidence for liquid water in Lyot in the past. Many channels have been found near Lyot Crater. Research, published in 2017, concluded that the channels were made from water released when the hot ejecta landed on a layer of ice that was 20 to 300 meters thick. Calculations suggest that the ejecta would have had a temperature of at least . The valleys seem to start from beneath the ejecta near the outer edge of the ejecta. One evidence for this idea is that there are few secondary craters nearby. Few secondary craters were formed because most landed on ice and did not affect the ground below. The ice accumulated in the area when the climate was different. The tilt or obliquity of the axis changes frequently. During periods of greater tilt, ice from the poles is redistributed to the mid-latitudes. The existence of these channels is unusual because although Mars used to have water in rivers, lakes, and an ocean, these features have been dated to the Noachian and Hesperian periods—4 to 3 billion years ago. Former rivers Images from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show valleys carved by rivers on the floor of Lyot crater. Scientists are excited because the rivers seem to have formed more recently than others on Mars; water could have flowed in them only 1.25 million years ago. The source of the water is believed to have been ice from nearby glaciers. The river valleys are over wide and tens of kilometers long. Dust devil tracks Many areas on Mars, including Lyot, experience the passage of giant dust devils. A thin coating of fine bright dust covers most of the Martian surface. When a dust devil goes by it blows away the coating and exposes the underlying dark surface. These dust devils have been seen from the ground and high overhead from orbit. Gallery Interactive Mars map See also List of craters on Mars References External links Impact craters on Mars Ismenius Lacus quadrangle
Polesia, Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye is a natural and historical region in Eastern Europe, including part of Eastern Poland, the Belarus–Ukraine border region. Extent One of the largest forest areas on the continent, Polesia is located in the southwestern part of the Eastern-European Lowland, the Polesian Lowland. On the western side, Polesia originates at the crossing of the Bug River valley in Poland and the Pripyat River valley of Western Ukraine. The swampy areas of central Polesia are known as the Pinsk Marshes (after the major local city of Pinsk). Large parts of the region were contaminated after the Chernobyl disaster and the region now includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and Polesie State Radioecological Reserve, named after the region. Name The names Polesia/Polissia/Polesye, etc. may reflect the Slavic root les 'forest', and the Slavic prefix po- 'on, in, along'. Inhabitants of Polesia are called Polishchuks. History In ancient times, the areas of today's western and west-central Polesia were inhabited by the people of the Milograd culture, the Neuri. In the late Middle Ages Polesia became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, following it into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569). Polesia was largely part of Poland from 1921 to 1939, when the country's largest provinces bore that name.Polesia has rarely been a separate administrative unit. However, there was a Polesie Voivodeship during the Second Polish Republic, as well as a Polesia Region in Byelorussian SSR. From 1931 to 1944, it was explicitly mentioned as constituent part of the short-lived (Byzantine Rite) Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia and Pidliashia. Since the end of World War II, the region of Polesie or Polesia has encompassed areas in eastern Poland, southern Belarus, northwestern Ukraine, and southwestern Russia. Geography Polesia is a marshy region lining the Pripyat River (Pripyat Marshes) in Southern Belarus (Brest, Pinsk, Kalinkavichy, Gomel), Northern Ukraine (in the Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Chernihiv Oblasts), and partly in Poland (Lublin) and Russia (Bryansk). It is a flatland within the drainage basins of the Western Bug and Prypyat rivers. The two rivers are connected by the Dnieper-Bug Canal, built during the reign of Stanislaus II of Poland, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Notable tributaries of the Pripyat are the Horyn, Stokhid, Styr, Ptsich, and Yaselda rivers. The largest towns in the Pripyat basin are Pinsk, Stolin, Davyd-Haradok. Huge marshes were reclaimed from the 1960s to the 1980s for farmland. The reclamation is believed to have harmed the environment along the course of the Pripyat. This region suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster. Huge areas were polluted by radioactive elements. The most polluted part includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and the adjacent Polesie State Radioecological Reserve. Some other areas in the region are considered unsuitable for living as well. Tourism The Polish part of the region includes the Polesie National Park (Poleski Park Narodowy), established 1990, which covers an area of . This and a wider area adjoining it (up to the Ukrainian border) make up the UNESCO-designated West Polesie Biosphere Reserve, which borders a similar reserve (the Shatskiy Biosphere Reserve) on the Ukrainian side. There is also a protected area called Pribuzhskoye-Polesie in the Belarusian part of the region. The wooden architecture structures in the region were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in the Cultural category. See also Museum of Ukrainian home icons Radomysl Castle Polesian Lowland UNESCO World Heritage Centre Western Polesie FC Polissya Zhytomyr Further reading Пазинич В., Походження Поліських озер та параболічних дюн (Ukrainian)/Пазинич В.Г., Происхождение Полесских озер и параболических дюн (Russian) Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Heft 3/2019: Polesia: Modernity in the Marshlands. Interventions and Transformations at the European Periphery from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-first Century'' Online: Bd. 68 Nr. 3 (2019): Polesia: Modernity in the Marshlands. Interventions and Transformations at the European Periphery from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-first Century \| Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung Notes References External links The Official Site of Radomysl Castle Polisia at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Origin of Polesie lakes and parabolic dunes Save Polesia - E40 waterway would destroy biodiversity hotspots and key protected areas, says new report Polesia \| Wilderness without borders: Protecting one of Europe's largest natural landscapes - Frankfurt Zoological Society Historical regions in Belarus Historical regions in Poland Historical regions in Russia Historical regions in Ukraine Belarus–Ukraine border
The VI International Chopin Piano Competition () was held from 22 February to 13 March 1960 in Warsaw. The competition was won by Maurizio Pollini of Italy, becoming the first winner not from Poland or the Soviet Union. Awards The competition consisted of two elimination stages and a final with twelve pianists. Italian pianist Maurizio Pollini won first prize, with Arthur Rubinstein, honorary chairman of the jury, declaring "that boy can play the piano better than any of us". Audience favorite Michel Block failed to win a prize and only received an honorable mention. Outraged, Rubinstein created a special prize bearing his name on the spot, and awarded it to Block. The following prizes were awarded: Two special prizes were awarded: Jury The jury consisted of: Guido Agosti Stefan Askenase Nadia Boulanger (vice-chairman) Sequeira Costa Harold Craxton Halina Czerny-Stefańska ( IV) Zbigniew Drzewiecki (chairman) Jan Ekier Henri Gagnebin Emil Hájek Arthur Hedley (vice-chairman) Jan Hoffman Mieczysław Horszowski Dmitry Kabalevsky (vice-chairman) Witold Małcużyński Florica Musicescu Heinrich Neuhaus František Rauch Reimar Riefling Arthur Rubinstein (honorary chairman) Bruno Seidlhofer Pavel Serebryakov (vice-chairman) Magda Tagliaferro Ding Shande Amadeus Webersinke Beveridge Webster Bolesław Woytowicz (secretary) Yakov Zak ( III) Jerzy Żurawlew References Further reading External links International Chopin Piano Competition 1960 in music 1960 in Poland 1960s in Warsaw February 1960 events in Europe March 1960 events in Europe
Ariel 5 (or UK 5) was a joint British and American space telescope dedicated to observing the sky in the X-ray band. It was launched on 15 October 1974 from the San Marco platform in the Indian Ocean and operated until 1980. It was the penultimate satellite to be launched as part of the Ariel programme. Background Ariel 5 was the fifth and penultimate satellite of the joint British and American Ariel programme. It was the third satellite in the series built entirely in the UK. It was named UK 5 before launch and renamed to Ariel 5 after the successful launch. Plans for Ariel 5 were first discussed between the UK and US in May 1967 at the Ariel 3 launch. The Science Research Council (SRC) advertised a request for proposal for experiments in June. Experiments were formally proposed to NASA in July 1968. Satellite design Development Marconi Space and Defence Systems (MSDS) in Portsmouth was selected as the prime contractor in 1969. SRC had them select MSDS Frimley for the attitude control system (ACS) and MSDS Stanmore for the core stores. A study was performed to see if the Scout rocket's heat shield could be enlarged to accommodate larger experiments for this mission. A larger heat shield was designed which allowed for a US experiment and five British experiments. Operation Ariel 5 was spin-stabilized. The satellite improved on the attitude control of Ariel 4. It used liquid propane that was expanded through a reducing valve and heated with the bulk tank temperature. Power was derived from solar cells that were mounted to 7/8 of the circumference of the spacecraft. It was stored in a 3.0 Ah Ni-Cd battery. Sensors The all-sky monitor (ASM) was two one-dimensional pinhole cameras scanned most of the sky every spacecraft revolution. The angular resolution was 10° × 10°, with an effective area of , and a bandpass of 3–6 keV. The ASM was designed to fit a resource budget of , 1 bit per second, and 1 W. The sky survey instrument (SSI) had an angular resolution of 0.75 × 10.6°, with an effective area of , and a bandpass of 2–20 keV. Mission Launch Launch operations took six weeks, starting from the time the Guppy took off from Thorney Island. The satellite was launched on 15 October 1974 from the San Marco platform in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Kenya. Operations The satellite was controlled via a mission control centre in Appleton Lab. It spun at over 10 revolutions/minute. Ariel 5 operated until 1980. Results Over 100 scientific papers were published within four years of the launch. Notes References Further reading Space telescopes Space programme of the United Kingdom 1974 in spaceflight Satellites formerly orbiting Earth Spacecraft launched in 1974
is a railway station on the Rikuu East Line in the city of Ōsaki, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Lines Kaminome Station is served by the Rikuu East Line, and is located 28.6 rail kilometers from the terminus of the line at Kogota Station. Station layout Kaminome Station has one side platform, serving a single bi-directional track. The station is unattended. History Kaminome Station opened on 1 February 1964 as . The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987. The station was renamed to its present name on 22 March 1997. Surrounding area Japan National Route 47 See also List of Railway Stations in Japan External links Railway stations in Miyagi Prefecture Rikuu East Line Railway stations in Japan opened in 1964 Ōsaki, Miyagi Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Vitalyst (formerly known as PC Helps) is a technology support services company offering application and device support for about 150 different software applications and computers. Core competencies include support for corporate technology migrations and one-on-one support for Microsoft software and other applications on different types of devices. Overview Vitalyst's corporate headquarters is located in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, with an additional call center in Cleveland, Ohio. The company provides its web-based support and on-site training for Microsoft, Apple, and other applications. The company provides IT support for technology migrations to governmental entities, including the Federal Aviation Administration, the United States Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. History Formed in 1992, originally as PC Helps, the company was based on a business plan written by Jeffrey Becker while attaining his master's degree at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. PC Helps undertook an expansion in its early years. By 1999 PC Helps had grown organically to support over 800,000 users including clients such as PepsiCo, Pitney Bowes, and Campbell Soups. The sale was finalized in September 2005 to private equity firms, GI Partners and Celerity Partners with additional financing provided by D.B. Zwirn. The company changed its name from PC Helps to Vitalyst on January 15, 2014. References External links Official website Help desk Business services companies established in 1992 1992 establishments in Pennsylvania Business services companies of the United States
The 2018 China League One () was the 15th season of the China League One, the second tier of the Chinese football league pyramid, since its establishment in 2004. The league's title sponsor is the e-commerce website 58.com. Dalian Transcendence, Heilongjiang Lava Spring, Meizhou Hakka, Meizhou Meixian Techand and Nei Mongol Zhongyou failed to submit the application for the Chinese Super League before deadline, thus ineligible for promotion. Teams A total of 16 teams are contesting in the league, including 12 sides from the 2017 season, two relegated from the 2017 Chinese Super League and two promoted from the 2017 China League Two. Team changes To League One Teams relegated from 2017 Chinese Super League Yanbian Funde Liaoning F.C. Teams promoted from 2017 China League Two Heilongjiang Lava Spring Meizhou Meixian Techand From League One Teams promoted to 2018 Chinese Super League Dalian Yifang Beijing Renhe Teams relegated to 2018 China League Two Baoding Yingli ETS Yunnan Lijiang Name changes Hangzhou Greentown F.C. changed their name to Zhejiang Greentown F.C. in January 2018. Clubs Stadiums and Locations Managerial changes Zhejiang Yiteng didn't appoint a new manager after Maurício Copertino's departure. Team leader Hu Zhaojun took charge of the club in fact. Foreign players A total of four foreign players can be registered in a season; however, the number of foreign players is limited to three per CL1 team in the same time. Maximum of two foreign players can be fielded in one match. Players name in bold indicates the player is registered during the mid-season transfer window. A club could register one non-naturalized player from the Hong Kong Football Association, Macau Football Association or Chinese Taipei Football Association as native player. For special, Beijing Enterprises could register both Chen Hao-wei and Wen Chih-hao as native player before their current contracts end. Foreign players who left their clubs or were sent to reserve team after the first half of the season. League table Results Positions by round Results by match played Relegation play-offs First leg Second leg Meizhou Meixian Techand won 3–2 on aggregate and therefore both clubs remain in their respective leagues. Goalscorers Top scorers {\| class="wikitable" \|- !Rank !Player !Club !Total \|- ! rowspan="1"\|1 \| John Mary \|Meizhou Hakka \| \|- ! rowspan="1"\|2 \| Harold Preciado \|Shenzhen F.C. \| \|- ! rowspan="1"\|3 \| Rafael Silva \|Wuhan Zall \| \|- ! rowspan="1"\|4 \| André Senghor \| Nei Mongol Zhongyou \| \|- ! rowspan="1"\|5 \| Dino Ndlovu \|Zhejiang Greentown \| \|- ! rowspan="1"\|6 \| Franck Ohandza \| Shenzhen F.C. \| \|- ! rowspan="3"\|7 \| Joan Verdú \|Qingdao Huanghai \| \|-\|- \| Muriqui \|Meizhou Meixian Techand \| \|- \| Jean Evrard Kouassi \|Wuhan Zall \| \|- ! rowspan="2"\|10 \| Dominic Vinicius \|Beijing Enterprises Group \| \|- \| Sérgio Mota \|Zhejiang Yiteng \| \|- ! rowspan="3" \|12 \| Jacob Mulenga \|Liaoning F.C. \| \|-\|- \| Babacar Gueye \|Heilongjiang Lava Spring \| \|- \| Matheus \| Shijiazhuang Ever Bright \| \|-\|- ! rowspan="1" \|15 \| Aloísio \|Meizhou Meixian Techand \| \|- ! rowspan="2" \|16 \| Guto \|Zhejiang Yiteng \| \|-\|- \| Cléo \|Qingdao Huanghai \| \|- ! rowspan="4" \|18 \| Alen Melunović \|Shijiazhuang Ever Bright \| \|- \| Taty Oscar \|Yanbian Funde \| \|- \| Gerard Gohou \|Beijing Enterprises Group \| \|-\|- \| Rafael Martins \|Zhejiang Greentown \| \|- ! rowspan="3" \|22 \| Rafael Silva \|Dalian Transcendence \| \|-\|- \| John Owoeri \|Shanghai Shenxin \| \|-\|- \| Gao Xiang \|Qingdao Huanghai \| \|-\|- ! rowspan="4" \|25 \| Wu Yizhen \|Shanghai Shenxin \| \|-\|- \| Victor Bolt \|Heilongjiang Lava Spring \| \|-\|- \| Wang Jianwen \|Beijing Enterprises Group \| \|- \| Cui Ren \|Yanbian Funde \| \|- ! rowspan="1" \|29 \| Dori \|Nei Mongol Zhongyou \| \|-\|- ! rowspan="4" \|30 \| Sabit Abdusalam \| Xinjiang Tianshan Leopard \| \|-\|- \| Xu Junmin \|Shanghai Shenxin \| \|- \| Liu Xuanchen \| Xinjiang Tianshan Leopard \| \|-\|- \| Pedro Junior \|Wuhan Zall \| \|-\|- ! rowspan="6" \|34 \| Biro Biro \|Shanghai Shenxin \| \|- \| Francisco Sandaza \|Qingdao Huanghai \| \|-\|- \| Serges Déblé \|Meizhou Hakka \| \|-\|- \| Ji Xiaoxuan \|Zhejiang Yiteng \| \|-\|- \| Gustavo Vagenin \|Liaoning F.C. \| \|- \| Wang Dong \|Qingdao Huanghai \| \|-\|- ! rowspan="7"\|40 \| Chen Po-liang \| Zhejiang Greentown \| \|-\|- \| Wang Peng \| Shijiazhuang Ever Bright \| \|-\|- \| Yin Lu \|Dalian Transcendence \| \|-\|- \| José Antonio Reyes \| Xinjiang Tianshan Leopard \| \|-\|- \| Ye Chugui \|Shenzhen F.C. \| \|-\|- \| Andy Russell \| Liaoning F.C. \| \|-\|- \| Yaki Yen \| Qingdao Huanghai \| \|-\|- Hat-tricks Awards The awards of 2018 China League One were announced on 15 November 2018. League attendance Notes References External links Official website China League One seasons 2 China China
The siege of Fort Meigs took place in late April to early May 1813 during the War of 1812 in northwestern Ohio, present-day Perrysburg. A small British Army unit with support from Indians attempted to capture the recently constructed fort to forestall an American offensive against Detroit, and its Fort Detroit in the Great Lakes region which the British from the north in Canada had captured the previous year. An American sortie and relief attempt failed with heavy casualties, but the British failed to capture the fort and were forced to raise the siege. Background In the early days of the War of 1812 (1812–1815), an American Army under Brigadier General William Hull (1753–1825), surrendered following the siege of Detroit. To recover the town of Detroit and Fort Detroit, the Americans formed the Army of the Northwest. Brigadier General James Winchester (1752–1826), briefly commanded this army before William Henry Harrison (1773–1841), Congressional delegate and then secretary of the old Northwest Territory, then first governor of the Indiana Territory and future 9th president (1841) was commissioned a major general in the regular United States Army and appointed to the command by fourth president James Madison. Harrison's advance was hampered by bad weather and shortage of supplies. On 22 January 1813, the leading detachment of his army (commanded by Winchester) was defeated at the Battle of Frenchtown. Harrison withdrew with his main body to the Maumee or also called Miami du Lac River, and in spite of rebukes from future 5th President James Monroe, who was temporarily serving as United States Secretary of War, he declined to resume his advance immediately and instead gave orders for the construction of several forts to protect the rivers and trails which his army would use in any renewed advance. Two of the most important were Fort Meigs (named for Return J. Meigs Jr., the Governor of Ohio) on the Maumee River and Fort Stephenson on the Sandusky River in the northwest corner of the decade old state. Harrison descended the Maumee to the proposed site of Fort Meigs with an army which ultimately numbered 4,000 men (mainly militia) and began construction of the fort on 1 February 1813. He contemplated making a hit-and-run attack across the frozen Lake Erie against the British position at Amherstburg in Upper Canada and moved to the mouth of the Maumee, but found that the ice on the frozen lake was already breaking up and returned to the half-finished fort. He found the officer he had left in charge, Joel B. Leftwich, had left with all his men because the enlistment period of the militia units assigned to the task had expired. Construction had halted, and the wood that had been cut was being used as firewood. As the enlistments of Harrison's Ohio and Kentucky militia were also about to expire, Harrison disbanded his force and departed for Cincinnati, Ohio to the south on the Ohio River, to raise a fresh army. He left Army Corps of Engineers Major Eleazer D. Wood to complete the construction of the fort. The garrison consisted of several hundred men from the 17th and 19th Regiments, U.S. Infantry, who were inadequately clothed, plus militia from Pennsylvania and Virginia whose own enlistments were soon to expire. The fort was on the south bank of the Maumee, near the Miami Rapids. Across the river were the ruins of the old British Fort Miami and the site of the pivotal 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers. Fort Meigs occupied an area of , the largest fortification constructed in North America to that date. The perimeter consisted of a fifteen-foot picket fence, linking eight blockhouses. The north face was protected by the Maumee, and the east and west faces by ravines. The south face was cleared of all timber to create an open glacis. The poor weather of early spring prevented a British attack while the fort was still vulnerable. The British Army commander on the Detroit frontier, Major General Henry Procter, had been urged to attack Fort Presque Isle (present day Erie, Pennsylvania), where the Americans were constructing a flotilla intended to seize control of Lake Erie, but Procter refused unless he received substantial reinforcements. Instead, he decided upon an attack on Fort Meigs, to disrupt American preparations for a summer campaign and hopefully capture supplies. Harrison received word of Procter's preparations, and hastened down the Maumee with 300 reinforcements, increasing the garrison of the fort to a total of 1,100 men. He had persuaded Isaac Shelby, the Governor of Kentucky, to call up a brigade of 1,200 Kentucky militia under Brigadier General Green Clay. Clay's brigade followed Harrison down the Maumee, but had not reached the fort before it was besieged. Siege begins Procter's force disembarked at the mouth of the Maumee on 26 April. His force consisted of 31 men of the Royal Artillery, 423 men of the 41st Regiment of Foot, 63 men of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment, 16 men from other units, and 462 Canadian militia. He also had roughly 1,250 Native American warriors led by Shawnee chief Tecumseh and Wyandot chief Roundhead. His artillery consisted of two 24-pounder guns which had been captured at Detroit, nine lighter guns and two gunboats mounting 9-pounder guns. It took several days for the British force to move up the Maumee and set up batteries. Most of these were on the north side of the river, but one was set up on the south side. Most of the Natives also were on the south side of the river, loosely investing the fort. As the British established their batteries, Harrison ordered "traverses", embankments high, to be hastily thrown up within the fort. The British batteries opened fire on 1 May, but most of the cannon shot fired sank harmlessly into the wet earth of the traverses and embankments. Battle of the Miami On 2 May, Harrison sent a courier to Clay's force, with orders for part of them to spike the British guns on the north bank and then withdraw into the fort, while a sortie from the fort attacked the battery on the south bank. The Kentuckians gained complete surprise. Early on the morning of 5 May, a detachment from Clay's brigade under Colonel William Dudley landed from boats on the north bank of the river. Dudley's command comprised 761 of his own 10th Kentucky Detached Regiment of Militia, 60 of the 13th Kentucky Detached Regiment of Militia and 45 U.S. Army regular troops. This force stormed the batteries on the north bank and spiked the guns but used ramrods for the spiking instead of handspikes, which meant that the cannon were only temporarily disabled. Dudley then lost control of some of his men. Coming under fire from Natives in the woods, part of the Kentuckian force pursued Tecumseh's men, who led them deeper into the forest. Dudley followed in an attempt to bring them back, leaving Major James Shelby in command at the battery. Major Adam Muir led three companies of the 41st Foot and one of Canadian militia from the British camp and stormed the battery, killing many of the Kentuckians and forcing Shelby to surrender. In the woods, the disorganised Kentuckians were decimated in confused fighting against the Natives. Of Dudley's 866 officers and men, only 150 escaped to the fort. This became known as "Dudley's Massacre" or "Dudley's Defeat". The rest of Clay's force, which had not been involved in the attack on the batteries, reached the fort safely to reinforce the garrison. On the south bank, the American sortie against the British battery was partially successful. Colonel John Miller, at the head of 350 regulars and volunteers, captured the battery and took 41 prisoners. However, Captain Richard Bullock, with the flank companies of the 1/41st Foot, two companies of militia and 300 Indians, counterattacked and, in hard fighting, drove Miller's detachment back into the fort with heavy casualties. Aftermath After the battle, the prisoners from Dudley's command were taken for confinement to the ruined Fort Miami near the British camp. Here, some of the Native warriors began massacring the prisoners and several Americans were killed before Tecumseh, Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Elliott and Captain Thomas McKee of the Indian Department persuaded the warriors to stop. Tecumseh is reputed to have asked Procter why he had not stopped the massacre and, when Procter replied that the Indians could not be made to obey, replied, "Begone! You are unfit to command. Go and put on petticoats". Another version of the incident had Tecumseh rebuking Procter with, "I conquer to save; you to kill". Eye-witness accounts stated that between 12 and 14 prisoners were killed in the massacre. The battle of 5 May was known to the British as "the Battle of the Miami", having taken place beside the Miami du Lac River (now known as the Maumee River). The 41st Regiment, whose successor in the British Army is the Royal Welsh Regiment, was awarded the battle honour, "Miami", in commemoration of its successful action during the battle. Within the Canadian Army both the Royal Newfoundland Regiment and the Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment carry the battle honour "Maumee" to commemorate the participation of their ancestor units in the campaign. Five active regular battalions of the United States Army (1-3 Inf, 2-3 Inf, 4-3 Inf, 2-7 Inf and 3-7 Inf) perpetuate the lineage of the old 17th, 19th and 24th Infantry Regiments, which had elements that were engaged at Fort Meigs. In addition, Virginia militia units that eventually became the 150th Cavalry (ARNG WV) were present during the construction of the fort. Casualties The British official casualty return gave 14 killed, 47 wounded and 40 captured. It was headed as being for May 5 but it appears to have been for the entire siege up to and including May 5, since it included among the wounded Captain Laurent Bondy of the Canadian militia, who is known to have received his (ultimately fatal) wound from artillery fire on May 3. The Native Americans allied to the British had 19 men killed and wounded, including Roundhead's brother Jean-Baptiste. Harrison reported the casualties sustained by his garrison in the entire siege, from 28 April to 9 May, as 80 killed and 190 wounded, of whom 12 were killed and 20 wounded by artillery fire. This would indicate 68 killed and 170 wounded during the engagement on 5 May. An official British return of prisoners details 547 captured Americans but a note from Procter states that "since the above return was made out more than eighty prisoners have been brought by the Indians". This would give a total of about 630 Americans captured at the battle. Harrison reported no men missing or captured from his garrison, so all of the prisoners taken on 5 May must have been from Dudley's troops on the north bank of the river. The official casualty report for Dudley's command, compiled after the Kentucky Militia prisoners were paroled, details 80 men killed and 100 wounded (all of whom had been captured). This gives total casualties for Dudley's 866-strong detachment of 80 killed, 100 wounded prisoners, 530 unwounded prisoners and 6 missing; and an overall American loss on May 5 of 148 killed, 170 wounded, 100 wounded prisoners, 530 unwounded prisoners and 6 missing. End of the siege On 7 May, terms were arranged providing for the mutual exchange of all regular prisoners and the parole of the Kentucky Militia prisoners, who were convoyed to Sandusky under pledge of performing no further military service until formally exchanged for British prisoners. On the same day, Procter's artillery resumed fire, but most of the Natives had abandoned the army and the Canadian militia were anxious to get back to their farms. The renewed bombardment had little effect, and the garrison of the fort now outnumbered the besiegers. Procter abandoned the siege on 9 May. The total American loss in the siege came to 160 killed, 190 wounded, 100 wounded prisoners, 530 other prisoners and 6 missing: 986 in all. John Sugden says that 14 killed, 47 wounded and 41 captured were Procter's entire (non-Indian) casualties for the siege, which indicates that 1 man was captured after 5 May. Order of battle Second siege Once the British had departed, Harrison left Clay in command of the fort with about 100 militiamen. Tecumseh urged Procter to make a renewed effort to capture the fort in July. Tecumseh's warriors staged a mock battle in the woods to make it appear as if they were attacking a column of American reinforcements to lure Clay out of the fort. However, Clay knew no reinforcements were coming, and the ruse failed. Procter quickly abandoned the second siege. Notes References Averill, James (1885), Fort Meigs: A Condensed History, Blade Printing and Paper Company External links The War of 1812 Events: Fort Meigs Conflicts in 1813 Battles of the War of 1812 in Ohio Battles in the Old Northwest Sieges involving the United Kingdom Sieges of the War of 1812 1813 in Ohio April 1813 events May 1813 events Orders of battle
Thaddeus Cowan Lewis (born November 19, 1987) is an American football coach and former quarterback who is the quarterbacks coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2010. He played college football at Duke. Lewis was also a member of the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Buffalo Bills, Houston Texans, Philadelphia Eagles, San Francisco 49ers, and Baltimore Ravens. Early years Lewis played at Hialeah-Miami Lakes High School. As a senior, he was evaluated as the nation's 10th-best dual-threat quarterback and 65th-best quarterback overall. He led his team to the state playoffs that year, passing for 12 touchdowns and only three interceptions. College career Lewis played college football for the Duke Blue Devils. While at Duke he set school records for career passing touchdowns and career passing yards. He also set Duke's school record for most consecutive pass attempts without an interception with 206. During his four years as a starting quarterback, he threw for 10,065 yards, 67 touchdowns and 40 interceptions, and ran for 9 touchdowns. During his senior season, Lewis was a finalist for the Davey O'Brien Award, presented to the nation's top quarterback. College statistics Professional career St. Louis Rams Lewis signed with the Rams as an undrafted free agent soon after the 2010 NFL Draft. Cleveland Browns The Cleveland Browns claimed him off of waivers on September 4, 2011. Lewis was later waived by the Browns on October 11, 2012. He was signed to the practice squad on October 13, 2012. He was again added to the Cleveland Browns active roster December 24, 2012 after injuries to Brandon Weeden and Colt McCoy. He made his first career start when the Browns took on the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 30, 2012 and completed 22 of 32 passes for 204 yards with one touchdown and one interception. Notwithstanding Lewis' performance, the Browns lost 24–10. This performance was particularly noteworthy due to his strong performance against the first-ranked defense of the NFL during the 2012 season. Lewis was waived by the Browns on May 22, 2013. Detroit Lions The Detroit Lions claimed him off waivers on May 28, 2013. He looked to compete with 2012 undrafted free agent and former Heisman Trophy finalist Kellen Moore for the third quarterback position. Buffalo Bills On August 25, 2013, the Buffalo Bills traded linebacker Chris White for Lewis, due to the mounting quarterback injuries for the Bills. He was released on August 31, 2013 and signed to the practice squad September 1. On October 7, 2013, coach Doug Marrone announced on WGR Sports Radio 550 that Lewis was promoted to the active roster from the practice squad after an injury to E. J. Manuel and started week 6 against the Cincinnati Bengals, over undrafted rookie Jeff Tuel, where he went 19/32 for 216 yards with 2 passing touchdowns and 0 interceptions and added 7 carries for 17 yards and 1 rushing touchdown. The Bills lost the game in overtime by a score of 27–24. On October 20, 2013, Lewis went 21/32 for 202 yards with no touchdown passes and 1 interception. He also had 5 carries for 13 yards as he earned his first career victory against the Miami Dolphins by a score of 23–21. In a week 8 loss to the New Orleans Saints, Lewis completed 22 of 39 passes for 234 yards, 1 touchdown and 1 interception along with 2 rushes for 5 yards. This game is arguably his worst as he fumbled the ball 3 times. On November 3, 2013 against the Kansas City Chiefs in week 9, Tuel was named the starting quarterback, only to be replaced the following week by the original week 1 starter Manuel. Manuel started the next 5 games against the Pittsburgh Steelers, New York Jets, Atlanta Falcons, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Jacksonville Jaguars. Lewis received his second win as a member of the Bills during Week 16 in a shutout victory over their division rival Dolphins with a score of 19–0. He went 15/25 for 193 yards with zero touchdowns and 1 interception while adding 8 carries for 13 yards. This loss would be a major factor for the Dolphins not making the playoffs since they needed to win just one of their final two games for a wildcard spot; which they lost both. In his final game as a Bill, Lewis played at Gillette Stadium against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots. Although Lewis outshone Brady on that day, by throwing for more yards than him and not throwing an interception like Brady did, his team lost to the Patriots by a score of 34–20. Lewis went 16/29 for 247 yards with 1 touchdown and no interceptions. He also added 2 carries for 4 yards. Thad Lewis finished his 2013 Bills season with a 2–3 record as Buffalo's starting quarterback. On August 26, 2014, Lewis was released from the Bills. Houston Texans Lewis signed with the Houston Texans on November 24, 2014, after starting quarterback Ryan Mallett suffered a season-ending injury. Cleveland Browns (second stint) The Browns signed Lewis on March 12, 2015. He was released from the team on September 5, 2015. Philadelphia Eagles Lewis signed with the Philadelphia Eagles on September 21, 2015. San Francisco 49ers Lewis signed with the San Francisco 49ers on March 10, 2016, reuniting him with former Eagles coach Chip Kelly. On August 16, 2016, the 49ers placed Lewis on injured reserve. Baltimore Ravens On August 14, 2017, Lewis signed with the Baltimore Ravens. On September 1, 2017, he was released by the Ravens during final roster cuts. NFL career statistics Coaching career In January 2018, Lewis was hired by UCLA as an offensive analyst. On July 22, 2020, Lewis was hired as an intern by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Following the 2020 NFL season, Lewis was hired as an offensive assistant. He was promoted to assistant wide receivers coach on May 5, 2021. See also List of Division I FBS passing yardage leaders References External links Buffalo Bills bio Duke Blue Devils bio 1987 births Living people Sportspeople from Hialeah, Florida Players of American football from Miami-Dade County, Florida American football quarterbacks Duke Blue Devils football players St. Louis Rams players Cleveland Browns players Detroit Lions players Buffalo Bills players Houston Texans players Philadelphia Eagles players San Francisco 49ers players Baltimore Ravens players UCLA Bruins football coaches Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
or is the 15th largest island in Norway. The island is located in Skjervøy Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county. The highest peak is the tall mountain Arnøyhøgda. There are regular ferry connections to the island from the nearby islands of Laukøya and Kågen, but there are no road connections to the island. Arnøy Church is located on the southern shore of the island. The villages of Årviksand, Arnøyhamn, Akkarvik, and Lauksletta are located on the island. The island of Laukøya is located just to the east, Skjervøya and Kågen are to the southeast, and Vannøya is to the west. The Ullsfjorden lies to the west, the Lyngen fjord lies to the south, the Kvænangen fjord lies to the east, and the Norwegian Sea lies to the north. The Lyngen Alps are located south of Arnøya and they are a popular place for extreme skiers. Arnøya is also becoming a popular skiing destination. See also List of islands of Norway by area List of islands of Norway References Skjervøy Islands of Troms og Finnmark
The Battle of Ocotal occurred in July 1927, during the American occupation of Nicaragua. A large force of rebels loyal to Augusto César Sandino attacked the garrison of Ocotal, which was held by a small group of US Marines and Nicaraguan National Guards. Ultimately the rebels were defeated with heavy losses, while the Americans and their Nicaraguan allies suffered very light casualties. Battle By June 1927, United States Marine Corps Captain Gilbert D. Hatfield's original eight men at Ocotal had been augmented to forty-one men, with the intention of patrolling the Nueva Segovia area, and further augmented on July 11 by Guardia Nacional's 1st Co. Upon arriving at the town of Ocotal, Captain Hatfield expected enemy activity so he had his men build an airstrip and establish telegraph service with the surrounding town. The United States Marines and the Nicaraguan guards did not have to wait long for a battle. On July 15, Captain Hatfield doubled his watch and that same night, Sandino's rebels began entering the town, two or three men at a time. At 1:15 am on July 16, a lone marine patrolling the town spotted a suspicious man walking through a street so he fired what became the first shot of the engagement. With the element of surprise lost, Sandino immediately ordered his men to charge the marines and the guards. Around 4 AM, three charges were made on city hall, resulting in the death of Rufo Marin, the second charge lasting more than four hours. At daybreak heavy fighting commenced again until 8:00 am when Sandino demanded Hatfield's surrender. Captain Hatfield refused to concede, apparently believing that his fortified positions were strong enough to repel any further attack. Daylight also brought two marine aircraft into the battle. At around 10:00 am, one of the planes, piloted by Lieutenant Hayne D. Boyden, landed near Ocotal to inquire about the seriousness of the situation while the other plane, piloted by Gunner Michael Wodarczyk, strafed the enemy's positions. A little later, Lieutenant Boyden reboarded his plane, made a few more strafing runs and then flew back to Managua where he informed Major Ross E. Rowell of the battle. Major Rowell responded by forming a squadron of five De Havilland DH-4 biplanes armed with machine guns and four twenty-five pound bombs each. At 2 PM, Rowell's squadron arrived at Ocotal and began dropping bombs on the rebels at 300 to 1,000 feet for about forty-five minutes. Sandino's men, who had never been attacked by aircraft before, began a panic retreat in what was history's first dive bombing attack in tactical support of ground troops. Aftermath Fifty-six dead rebels were collected and over 100 more were wounded, while the US Marines and the Nicaraguan National Guards suffered only light casualties. (The exact casualties suffered by the victors vary between accounts: Nalty stated only one man killed and five wounded, while Beckett stated a total of nine killed and wounded.) While this action was by no means the end of the insurgency – it was to last another five years – it was the last time that the rebels attempted to concentrate for a massed attack of this kind. As with early British successes with aircraft in counterinsurgency in Somaliland in 1920, it had forced the insurgents to change their tactics. One Marine killed was Roulette, Pennsylvania native Michael Obleski who was buried at Ocotal He was reburied in Brooklyn, New York. Major Oliver Floyd's Nueva Segovia expedition soon arrived in Ocotal, and on 25 July, marched for San Fernando. See also Banana Wars Chesty Puller References Bibliography Beckett, I.F.W. (ed., 1988) The Roots of Counter-Insurgency, Blandford Press, London: Ocotal Ocotal Ocotal Ocotal 1927 in Nicaragua Ocotal July 1927 events
This is an alphabetical index of articles related to gardening. A Aeroponics - African Violet Society of America - Akadama - Alkali soil - Allotment - Alpine garden - Alpine plant - Amateur Gardening - Andalusian patio - Annual plant - Aquaponics - Aquascaping - Aquatic plant - Aquatic weed harvester - Arboretum - Arboriculture - Artificial turf - Artificial waterfall - Atomic gardening - Auckland Flower Show - Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society - Avenue - Averruncator - Award of Garden Merit - Axe B Backcrossing - Back garden - Bāgh - Bare root - Baroque garden - Basal shoot - BBC Gardeners' World - Bedding (horticulture) - Belvedere - Beneficial insect - Beneficial weed - Berry-picking rake - Biblical garden - Bibliography of hedges and topiary - Biennial bearing - Biennial plant - Biofertilizer - Bioherbicide - Biological pest control - Biopesticide - Birth flower - Bitter pit - Blackheart - Black rot - Blanching - Bletting - Blight - Blossom - Bog garden - Bokashi - Bolting - Bonded Fibre Matrix - Bonsai - Bonsai aesthetics - Bonsai styles - Boron deficiency - Bosquet - Botanical garden - Bottle garden - Bridge graft - Britain in Bloom - Broadcast seeding - Broadfork - Broadleaf weeds - Broderie (garden feature) - Brown patch - Brushcutter - Bulb - Bulldog Tools - Bundesgartenschau - Butterfly gardening - Byzantine gardens C Cachepot - Cactus garden - Calcium deficiency - California native plants - Canadian Tulip Festival - Canadian Gardening - Carpellody - Celebrity gardener - Centre for Wildlife Gardening - Chance seedling - Charbagh - Chelsea Flower Show - Chelsea Fringe - Cherry blossom - Chilling requirement - Chinampa - Chinese garden - Chip budding - Chlorosis - Climate-friendly gardening - Clipping - Cloche - Cloud tree - Cold frame - Collective landscape - Colonial Revival garden - Color garden - Computer-aided garden design - Communal garden - Community gardening - Community gardens in Nebraska - Community orchard - Companion planting - Complete English Gardener - Compost - Concours des villes et villages fleuris - Concrete landscape curbing - Conservation and restoration of historic gardens Container garden - Controlled-release fertiliser - Controller (irrigation) - Copper tape - Cornish hedge - Corn maze - Cottage garden - Crop - Crop protection - Crop rotation - Cultigen - Cultivar - Cultivar group - Cultivated plant taxonomy - Cultivator - Cushion plant - Cut flowers - Cutting D Daffodil Society - Daisy grubber - Deadheading - Dead hedge - Deadwood bonsai techniques - Deciduous - Deep water culture - Defensible space (fire control) - Deficit irrigation - Deflowering - Defoliant - Desert greening - Devon hedge - Dibber - Disease resistance in fruit and vegetables - Division - Double digging - Double-flowered - Drip irrigation - Drought tolerance - Dutch garden E Ecoscaping - Edger - Elevated park - Energy-efficient landscaping - English landscape garden - Entente Florale - Environmental design - Ephemeral plant - Ericaceous fertilizer - Espalier - Evergreen - Evolutionary history of plants - Expo 2016 - Eyecatchers F Fairy ring - False vivipary - Fence - Ferme ornée - Fernery - Fertigation - Fertilizer - Fertilizer burn - Fine Gardening - Floral clock - Floral design - Floral diagram - Floral formula - Floral industry - Floral scent - Floriade - Floribunda - Floriculture - Floriculture in Canada - Florissimo - Floristic diversity - Floristry - Flower - Flower bouquet - Flower box - Flower bulb cultivation in the Netherlands - Flower delivery - Flower frog - Flower garden - Flowering plant - Flowerpot - Flower preservation - Fogponics - Foliar feeding - Foliar nutrient - Folkewall - Folly - Foodscaping - Forest gardening - Formal garden - Fountain - Fountaineer - French formal garden - French intensive gardening - French landscape garden - Front garden - Fruit - Fruit tree - Fruit tree forms - Fruit tree propagation - Fruit tree pruning - Fusarium patch G Garden - Garden at Buckingham Palace - Garden-based learning - Garden buildings - Garden centre - Garden city movement - Garden club - Garden Culture - Garden design - Garden designer - Garden festival - Garden fork - Garden furniture - Garden guns - Garden hermit - Garden History Society - Garden hose - Garden leave - Garden Museum - Garden of Alcinous - Garden of Eden - Garden office - Garden ornament - Garden pond - Garden railway - Garden real estate - Garden room - Garden roses - Garden sharing - Garden sanctuary - Garden square - Garden structure - Garden tool - Garden tourism - Garden waste dumping - Garden window - Garden World Images - Garden writing - Gardena (company) - Gardener - Gardeners' Question Time - Gardeners' World - Gardeners' World Live - Gardenesque - Gardening - Gardening Australia - Gardening in Alaska - Gardening in New Zealand - Gardening in restricted spaces - Gardening in Scotland - Gardening in Spain - Gardening Naturally - Gardens of ancient Egypt - Gardens of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur - Gardens of Sallust - Gardens of the French Renaissance - Gardens of Versailles - Gazebo - Genetically modified tree - German garden - Germination - Giardino all'italiana - Gloriette - Gongshi - Grafting - Grafting wax - Grandi Giardini Italiani - Grasscycling - Grass shears - Grass stitcher - Gravel - Greek gardens - Greenhouse - Green roof - Green wall - Green waste - Grex - Grotto - Groundcover - Groundskeeping - Growbag - Grow box - Growing degree-day - Growing region - Growing season - Grow shop - Grow light - Growroom - Growstones - Guerrilla gardening - Gumbo H Haga trädgård - Ha-ha - Halophyte - Hameau de la Reine - Hampton Court Palace Flower Show - Hand tool - Hanging basket - Hanging garden - Hanging Gardens of Babylon - Hardiness - Hardiness zone - Hard landscape materials - Hardscape - Hardpan - Head gardener - Hedge - Hedgelaying - Hedge maze - Hedge trimmer - Heirloom plant - Herb - Herbaceous border - Herbaceous plant - Herbal - Herbalism - Herbal tea - Herbarium - Herbchronology - Herb farm - Herbicide - Heritage gardens in Australia - Hilling - Historical hydroculture - History of fertilizer - History of flower arrangement - History of gardening - History of herbalism - History of landscape architecture - History of plant breeding - History of plant systematics - Hoe - Hook - Horaisan - Hori hori - Horticultural botany - Horticultural fleece - Horticultural flora - Horticultural oil - Horticultural society - Horticultural therapy - Horticulture - Horticulture industry - Horti Fair - Horti Lamiani - Hortus conclusus - Hotbed - Hot container composting - Houseplant - Houseplant care - Hügelkultur - Human uses of plants - Hybrid name - Hybrid seed - Hybrid tea rose - Hydroponics - Hydroseeding - Hydrozoning I Ice pruning - Ikebana - Indigenous horticulture - Inflorescence - Infructescence - Insectary plant - Integrated pest management - Intensive gathering - Intercropping - Intercultural Garden - International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants - International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants - International Garden Festival - Introduced species - Invasive species - Iron deficiency - Irrigation sprinkler - Islamic garden - Italian Renaissance garden J Japanese garden - Japanese rock garden - Jardiniere - Jeux d'eau K Kenzan - Keyhole garden - Kirpi - Kitchen garden - Knot garden - Korean flower arrangement - Korean garden - Kokedama - Kunai - Kusamono and shitakusa L Landscape - Landscape architect - Landscape architecture - Landscape contracting - Landscape design - Landscape detailing - Landscape engineering - Landscape fabric - Landscape garden - Landscape lighting - Landscape maintenance - Landscape manager - Landscape planning - Landscape products - Landscaping - Language of flowers - Lawn - Lawn aerator - Lawn mower - Lawn ornament - Lawn sweeper - Layering - Leaf - Leaf blower - Leaf mold - Leaf scorch - Leaf spot - Leaf vegetable - Legume - Limbing - Linear aeration - Linear park - Liners - Lingnan garden - Living mulch - Living root bridges - Loam - Loppers - Love Your Garden M Manganese deficiency - Marcescence - Market garden - Mary garden - Master gardener program - Matrix planting - Mattock - Maze - Mechanical weed control - Medicinal plants - Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show - Microbudding - Micro-irrigation - Microtubing - Molybdenum deficiency - Monastic garden - Monocarpic - Monopteros - Moon bridge - Moon gate - Mosaiculture - Mother plant - Mughal gardens - Mulch - Multiple cropping - Multipurpose tree N National Garden Festival - National Tulip Day - Native plant - Natural landscaping - Naturescaping - Nature therapy - Nematode - Nitrogen deficiency - Niwaki - No-dig gardening - Noxious weed - Nurse grafting O Offset - Olericulture - Orchard - Orchidelirium - Orangery - Organic fertilizer - Organic hydroponics - Organic horticulture - Organic lawn management - Organic movement - Ornamental bulbous plant - Ornamental grass - Ornamental plant - Orthodox seed P P-Patch - Palmetum - Palm house - Paradise garden - Parasitic plant - Parterre - Passive hydroponics - Patio garden - Patte d'oie - Pattern gardening - Pavilion - Perennial plant - Pergola - Peristyle - Permaculture - Persian gardens - Persian powder - Pest control - Pesticide - Pesticide application - Pesticide drift - Pesticide resistance - Philosophical garden - Phosphorus deficiency - Photosynthesis - Physic garden - Physiological plant disorder - Phytotron - Picotee - Pineapple pit - Plant - Plant anatomy - Plant breeders' rights - Plant breeding - Plant collecting - Plant community - Plant disease forecasting - Plant disease resistance - Plant ecology - Plant factory - Plant hormone - Plant identification - Plant LED incubator - Plantlet - Plant litter - Plant morphology - Plant nursery - Plant pathology - Plant propagation - Plant taxonomy - Plant tissue culture - Plant variety (law) - Plantsman - Plasticulture - Plastic mulch - Playscape - Pleaching - Pleasure garden - Pollarding - Pollination - Pollinator garden - Polyculture - Polytunnel - Pond liner - Post-harvest losses - Post hole digger - Potassium deficiency - Pot farming - Pot-in-pot - Potting bench - Potting soil - Precision seeding - Pruning - Pruning shears - Pseudanthium - Pulse drip irrigation Q Quiet area R Rain garden - Rainwater harvesting - Raised bed gardening - Rake - Reflecting pool - Remontancy - Rhubarb forcer - Ring culture - Ripening - Robotic lawn mower - Rock garden - Roji - Roman garden - Roof garden - Root - Root barrier - Root rot - Rootstock - Root trainer - Rose - Rose (symbolism) - Rose garden - Rose hip - Rose show - Rose trial grounds - Row cover - Royal Botanic Society - Royal Horticultural Society - Rubber mulch S Sacred garden - Sacred herb - Salt pruning - School garden - Sculpture garden - Season extension - Seawater greenhouse - Seed - Seed ball - Seedbed - Seed dormancy - Seedling - Seed orchard - Seed saving - Seed swap - Seed testing - Self-pollination - Semi-deciduous - Sensory garden - Shade garden - Shade tree - Shakespeare garden - Sharawadgi - Shed - Sheet mulching - Shell grotto - Shishi-odoshi - Shoot - Shovel - Shredding - Shrewsbury Flower Show - Shrub - Shrubbery - Sichuanese garden - Silver sand - Singapore Garden Festival - Slow gardening - Smudge pot - Snow mold - Sod - Sod roof - Soft landscape materials - Softscape - Soil - Soil conditioner - Soil conservation - Soil defertilisation - Soil fertility - Soil life - Soil moisture sensor - Soil pH - Soil test - Soil type - Southport Flower Show - Sowing - Space in landscape design - Spade - Spanish garden - Species description - Specific replant disease - Spent mushroom compost - Sprigging - Sprouting - Square foot gardening - Stale seed bed - Statuary - Stepping stones - Strewing herb - String trimmer - Stumpery - Sub-irrigated planter - Subshrub - Subsoil - Succession planting - Sustainable gardening - Sustainable landscape architecture - Sustainable landscaping - Sustainable planting - Synergistic gardening - Succulents gardening T Taihu stone - Tapestry lawn - Taproot - Tatton Park Flower Show - Tea garden - Telegarden - Terrace garden - Thatch - The Profitable Arte of Gardening - Therapeutic garden - Thinning - Three Great Gardens of Japan - Tomato grafting - Topiary - Topsoil - Tōrō - Tower Garden - Transplant experiment - Transplanting - Trap crop - Tree - Tree paint - Tree planting - Tree shaping - Tree shelter - Tree topping - Trellis - Trial garden - Tropical garden - Triple mix - Trowel - Tuileries Garden - Tulip festival - Turf - Turf maze - Turf melting out U Upside-down gardening - Urban horticulture - Uses of compost V Variegation - Variety - Vascular plant - Vase life - Vegan organic gardening - Vegetable bouquet - Vegetable farming - Vegetative reproduction - Vermicompost - Vernalization - Vertical farming - Victory garden - Vine - Vine training - Vivarium - Volunteer W Walled garden - Waru Waru - Water feature - Water garden - Water sprout - Water timer - Watering can - Weed - Weed control - Weeder - Weed of cultivation - Weed science - Wheelbarrow - Wilderness (garden history) Wildflower - Wildlife garden - Wilting - Windbreak - Window box - Windowfarm - Winter garden - Winter sowing - Withy - Woodchipper - Woodland garden - Woody plant - Worshipful Company of Gardeners X Xeriscaping Y Yates (company) - Yukitsuri Z Zen garden - Zero-turn mower - Zig zag bridge - Zinc deficiency Lists Botanical gardens - Chinese gardens - Companion plants - Culinary herbs and spices - Domesticated plants - Edible flowers - Foliage plant diseases - Fungicides - Garden and horticulture books - Garden features - Garden plants - Garden types - Gardens - Gardens in England - Gardens in Italy - Gardens in Scotland - Gardens in Wales - Herbs with known adverse effects - Horticultural magazines - Horticulture and gardening books/publications - Invasive species - Landscape architects - Landscape gardens - Leaf vegetables - Organic gardening and farming topics - Pests and diseases of roses - Pest-repelling plants - Plant hybrids - Plant orders - Plants by common name - Plants used in herbalism - Poisonous plants - Professional gardeners - Remarkable Gardens of France - Root vegetables - Rosa species - Sensory gardens - Snowdrop gardens - Lists of cultivars - Lists of plant diseases - Lists of plants - Lists of useful plants Category :Category:Gardening See also Glossary of botanical terms Glossary of leaf morphology Outline of organic gardening and farming Wikipedia indexes
Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz (24 March 1723 – 14 December 1781) was a Prussian general during the epoch of Frederick the Great. Biography Born on his family's estate, Friedersdorf, near Seelow, district of Küstrin; †he entered the cavalry regiment Gensdarmes at the age of 17 and was promoted to commander over the years. In the Battle of Zorndorf he led his regiment with distinction and was promoted to major. He was even awarded the highest decoration of Prussia, the Pour le Mérite. In the battle of Hochkirch he fought and led his troops with success. Near the end of the Seven Years' War Prussian troops conquered the elector of Saxonys hunting lodge, Hubertusburg, near Leipzig. The castle was given to Marwitz by the Prussian king Friedrich II., together with the order to sack it thoroughly. This was intended to be King Frederick's revenge for the sacking of Charlottenburg Palace by Russian, Austrian, and Saxon troops in 1760, depriving him of his highly beloved collection of antiques. Given the order to sack the castle, von der Marwitz replied to his king, "This is unbefitting to an officer of His Majesty" ("es würde sich allenfalls für den Offizier eines Freibataillons schicken, nicht aber für einen Kommandeur Seiner Majestät Gensdarmes") and resigned his commission. Frederick then gave the castle to his adjutant Quintus Icilius, who finally sacked and sold it. Several years later, von der Marwitz won most of the famous Hubertusburg books collection playing cards against Quintus Icilius. Many years fallen from grace with Frederick the Great, Marwitz eventually became employed during the War of the Bavarian Succession as a Major Kriegskommissar with the king's brother Prince Henry of Prussia. Near the end of his life he was promoted to Major General. On the distribution of his parents' heritage he was assigned his family's stately home, Friedersdorf. However, he paid little attention to it, instead staying in Berlin, with his beloved books and paintings. He died, as his brother writes, "completely insolvent", but as an "extremely honest and widely tributed soldier, an honourable and very well-educated man of the world, a great friend of literature and arts". His tombstone bears the following inscription, engraved by his nephew Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz: "Chose disfavour where obedience did not bring honour" ("Wählte Ungnade, wo Gehorsam nicht Ehre brachte.") Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz died unmarried in Berlin in 1781. Legacy "Chose disgrace where obedience does not bring honour" This gravestone inscription is still a widely known phrase in Germany, to denote an example of a man who decided against his orders when he judged them as unjust. Also the 20 July plot conspirers referred to him to show that every single man is responsible to his conscience first, and only secondly to his political leader. Literature (German) Günter de Bruyn: Mein Brandenburg, Frankfurt/M 1993 Friedrich August Ludwig von der Marwitz, Nachrichten aus meinem Leben, (Hg.: Günter de Bruyn), Berlin 1989 1723 births 1781 deaths People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg Major generals of Prussia Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) Johann Friedrich Adolf Military personnel from Brandenburg
Adam Anders (born October 10, 1975) is a Swedish film, television and music producer who has sold more than 100 million albums and in recent years has become one of the most in-demand Executive Producers for music-driven film and television. Anders is the CEO of Anders Media, and its record label Deep Well Records, a sub-label of Capitol Music Group. In 2023, Anders will make his directorial debut with the film, Journey To Bethlehem, a musical retelling of The Nativity Story, co-written by Peter Barsocchini and Anders, starring Fiona Palomo, Milo Manheim, and Antonio Banderas. In 2013, Adam was named No. 15 in Hollywood Reporter's Top 35 Hitmakers. Anders' work has earned him four Grammy Award nominations, and two People's Choice Awards. As the Executive Music Producer for Glee, Anders' musical productions have helped put Glee on the iTunes Top Songs chart, including original songs that he wrote, such as "Loser like Me" (landing at number one) and "Get It Right" (at number two). Glee had at one time seven of the top ten tracks on the iTunes Top Song chart including the above two original songs at one and two respectively, the cast's versions of Pink's "Raise Your Glass" at number three, The Beatles' "Blackbird" at number five, Maroon 5's "Misery" at number six, and another original song, "Hell to the No", at number eight. In May 2011, Glee had one of its biggest sales weeks to date with 986,000 downloads of tracks produced by Anders. Anders has a track record of writing and producing music for both established artists and up-and-comers including the Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus, Selena Gomez, Backstreet Boys, Clay Aiken and many others. His music can also be heard on many major motion pictures and television shows including Disney's High School Musical 3, Hannah Montana, Evan Almighty and The Wedding Planner, as well as the 2012 film Rock of Ages. Adam Anders launched Los Angeles-based record label, Deep Well Records in 2011. The first artist signed to his label was singer/songwriter/actor Shane Harper, whose self-titled debut album was released on February 14, 2012 and included the Anders-produced first single entitled, "One Step Closer". In addition, he runs Anders Media, Inc., a production company that specializes in developing original music-driven content for major film studios and TV networks. Anders recently moved his label Deep Well Records to the Capitol Music Group, and is a consultant for Virgin Records. In October 2015, Anders co-produced "Hollow" by Tori Kelly, which was the featured single on her deluxe edition album, Unbreakable Smile. The song was co-written by several songwriters signed to the Anders-owned publishing company of the same brand, Deep Well Music Publishing. In 2016, Anders added film and TV producing credits as an executive producer for the US version of The Passion. It aired on Palm Sunday, March 20, 2016 on FOX. Anders will also executive produce the soundtrack and act as producer for ABC's remake of Dirty Dancing. Early life Adam Anders was born in Stockholm, Sweden. Both his parents were professional musicians, traveling and playing all over the world; often bringing their children with them wherever they went. This exposed Adam to a variety of musical and cultural differences at a very early age. Despite being classically trained Gospel performers, both his mother and father encouraged him to listen and take influences from all musical styles, from Rock 'n' Roll to Soul. Anders formed his first band at the age of 10, together with his brother and sister and toured Europe with him playing bass. The family later moved to the US, moving around the West Coast. Due to all the traveling, Adam was homeschooled after 5th grade. Due to music being the core of his whole life, Anders became such a prominent bass player that the University of South Florida accepted him to the Jazz program at the early age of 13. They declared him a prodigy and he was allowed full credit for taking the college music classes. After graduating at the age of 16, Anders decided to live with his brother in Nashville, Tennessee. He worked night shifts and played music during the day. After six months, he got a position as a bass player for the Christian singer-songwriter Steven Curtis Chapman, allowing him to solely focus on music as a career. After remaining on several major tours, making money to buy more studio equipment, Anders felt that songwriting and producing gave greater satisfaction and decided to transition to studio work. Career Early years Adam Anders began his professional career primarily writing and producing songs for both established artists and up-and-comers. Anders co-wrote the Backstreet Boys hit "More Than That" and Steven Curtis Chapman's "Nobody Ever." Anders then worked closely with Disney producing music for major motion pictures and television shows including Camp Rock and Camp Rock 2, Hannah Montana and Sonny With a Chance. During this time, he collaborated with pop-singers Jesse McCartney, Clay Aiken, Nick Lachey, Ashley Tisdale, and the Jonas Brothers. In 2007 and 2008, Anders' music could be heard in Disney's High School Musical 3 and Universal's Evan Almighty. Journey to Bethlehem and directorial debut In 2023, Anders makes his directorial debut with the holiday pop musical, Journey to Bethlehem, starring Fiona Palomo, Milo Manheim, and Antonio Banderas as King Herod. "This live-action Christmas musical celebration for the entire family, weaves classic Christmas melodies into new pop songs in a music-infused retelling of the timeless story of Mary and Joseph and the birth of Jesus." Anders co-wrote the script with Peter Barsocchini, who is best known for writing the High School Musical series. The film is set to be released on November 10, 2023, and features music written and produced by Adam Anders, Peer Astrom, and Nikki Anders. Glee and other projects Glee In 2009, Anders began producing music for FOX's hit television show Glee. Producing the popular Glee anthem "Don't Stop Believin" was the first of many contributions to the show. One year later, Anders was made Executive Music Producer for the musical comedy television show. The producer penned Glee's first two original songs, "Loser Like Me" and "Get It Right". Throughout his time on the show, he wrote a total of seven original songs and produced all sixteen of the Glee albums. Glee had at one time seven of the top ten tracks on the iTunes Top Song chart including the above two original songs at one and two respectively, the cast's versions of Pink's "Raise Your Glass" at number three, The Beatles' "Blackbird" at number five, Maroon 5's "Misery" at number six, and another original song, "Hell to the No", at number eight. In May 2011, Glee hit a sales week high with 986,000 downloads of tracks produced by Anders. Other projects During his time on Glee, Anders also launched his Los Angeles-based record label, Deep Well Records. The first artist signed to his label was singer/songwriter/actor Shane Harper, whose self-titled debut album was released on February 14, 2012 and included the Anders-produced first single entitled, "One Step Closer". In 2012, Anders produced music for motion pictures including New Year's Eve and Rock of Ages, as well as producing CeeLo Green's album CeeLo's Magic Moment, writing "All I Need is Love". 2014–present Following his time on Glee, Anders moved onto working with FX's horror television series American Horror Story. In 2015, he was a music producer for the Disney movie, Descendants. The album went #1 on iTunes and included an original song by Anders and his team. In addition, he runs Anders Media, Inc., a production company that specializes in developing original music-driven content for major film studios and TV networks. Anders recently moved his label Deep Well Records to the Capitol Music Group, and is a consultant for Virgin Records. In October 2015, Anders co-produced "Hollow" by Tori Kelly, which was the featured single on her deluxe edition album, Unbreakable Smile. The song was co-written by several songwriters signed to the Anders-owned publishing company of the same brand, Deep Well Music Publishing. Film and television production In 2016, Anders executive produced and arranged music for The Passion on FOX, which aired on Palm Sunday, March 20, 2016. In 2017, Anders produced ABC's anticipated remake of Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin, in addition to executive producing its soundtrack. Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie Anders worked as the Executive Song Producer and Soundtrack album Producer for DreamWorks' Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie based on the series of children's novels of the same name by Dav Pilkey. Anders, with longtime collaborator Peer Astrom, produced the eleven-song album. The soundtrack included artists such as Adam Lambert, Lil Yachty, Andy Grammer, Weird Al Yankovic on the film's theme song and original score by Theodore Shapiro (Ghostbusters, The Devil Wears Prada, Marley & Me). MundoNick's Kally's Mashup In 2017, Anders Media aired its inaugural international program Kally's Mashup on Nickelodeon (Latin America). Anders serves as Co-Creator, Executive Producer and Executive Soundtrack Producer alongside Nikki Anders and Peer Astrom. In May 2018, Kally's Mashup was renewed for a second season, following the wide success of the first season. Monarch In 2021, Anders joined the Fox country music drama series Monarch as the show's music supervisor and wrote and produced several songs for the first season, which premiered on September 11, 2022. Awards and nominations Grammy Awards \|- \|2011 \|Glee: The Music, Volume 1 \|Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media \| \|- \|2012 \|Glee: The Music, Volume 4 \|Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media \| \|- \|2013 \|Rock of Ages (2012 film) Soundtrack \|Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media \| \|- \|2014 \|Cee Lo's Magic Moment (with Cee Lo Green) \|Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album \| \|- Golden Globe Awards \|- \|2010 \|Glee \|Best Musical or Comedy \| \|- \|2011 \|Glee \|Best Musical or Comedy \| \|- ARIA Awards \|- \|2010 \|Wrapped Up Good (with The McClymonts) \|Best Country Album \| \|- People's Choice Awards \|- \|2010 \|Glee \|Favorite New TV Comedy \| \|- \|2011 \|Glee \|Favorite TV Comedy \| \|- Filmography Television Discography Feature films Movies for television Television Albums/songs References Living people 1975 births American people of Swedish descent American record producers Businesspeople from Stockholm
This Is Spinal Tap (also known as This Is Spın̈al Tap: A Rockumentary by Martin Di Bergi) is a 1984 American mockumentary film co-written and directed by Rob Reiner (in his feature directorial debut). The film stars Christopher Guest, Michael McKean and Harry Shearer as members of the fictional heavy metal band Spinal Tap, who are characterized as "one of England's loudest bands". Reiner plays Martin "Marty" Di Bergi, a documentary filmmaker who follows them on their American tour. The film satirizes the behavior and musical pretensions of rock bands and the perceived hagiographic tendencies of rock documentaries such as The Song Remains the Same (1976) and The Last Waltz (1978), and follows the similar All You Need Is Cash (1978) by the Rutles. Most of its dialogue was improvised and dozens of hours were filmed. This Is Spinal Tap was released to critical acclaim, but its initial release found only modest commercial success. Its later VHS release, however, brought it greater success and a cult following. In 2002, it was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress, and was selected for preservation by the National Film Registry. It has been credited with "effectively" launching the mockumentary genre. Plot Filmmaker Martin "Marty" Di Bergi is creating a documentary that follows the English rock group Spinal Tap on their 1982 United States concert tour to promote their new album Smell the Glove. The band comprises childhood friends David St. Hubbins and Nigel Tufnel on vocals and guitar, bassist Derek Smalls, keyboardist Viv Savage, and drummer Mick Shrimpton. They were known as the Originals until they found out another band had that name, so they changed their name to the New Originals. They had a hit as the Thamesmen with their single "Gimme Some Money", before changing their name to Spinal Tap and achieving a minor hit with the flower power anthem "Listen to the Flower People", and finally transitioning to heavy metal. Several of their previous drummers died in strange circumstances: spontaneous human combustion (Peter "James" Bond), a "bizarre gardening accident" (John "Stumpy" Pepys), and choking on (someone else's) vomit (Eric "Stumpy Joe" Childs). Segments of Marty's film show David and Nigel to be competent but dimwitted and immature musicians. At one point, Nigel shows Marty a custom-made amplifier that has volume knobs that go up to eleven, believing this would make their output louder. Several of the band's tour shows are canceled because of low ticket sales, and major retailers refuse to sell Smell the Glove because of its sexist cover art. Tensions arise between the band and their manager, Ian Faith. David's girlfriend Jeanine, a manipulative yoga and astrology devotee, joins the group on tour and participates in band meetings, influencing their costumes and stage presentation. The band's distributor opts to release Smell the Glove with an entirely black cover without consulting the band. Despite their manager convincing the band that it would have a similar appeal to the Beatles' White Album, the album fails to draw crowds to autograph sessions with the band. Nigel suggests staging a lavish show and asks Ian to order a Stonehenge megalith. However, Nigel, rushing a sketch on a napkin, mislabels its dimensions; the resulting prop is only high rather than , making the group a laughingstock. The group blames Ian, and when David suggests Jeanine should co-manage the group, Ian quits. The tour continues, rescheduled into smaller and smaller venues. Nigel is marginalized by Jeanine and David. At a gig at a United States Air Force base, Nigel is upset by an equipment malfunction and quits mid-performance. At their next gig, in an amphitheater at an amusement park, the band finds their repertoire is severely limited without Nigel and improvise an experimental "Jazz Odyssey", which is poorly received. At the last show of the tour, David and Derek consider exploring old side projects, such as a musical theatre production about Jack the Ripper. Before they go on stage, Nigel arrives (to a very cool reception from David and Jeanine) to tell them that their song "Sex Farm" has become a major hit in Japan, and that Ian wants to arrange a tour there. In the wings, as Nigel watches the band performing, David relents and invites him to join the band onstage, giving huge delight to everyone but a furious Jeanine. With Ian reinstalled as manager, Spinal Tap performs a series of sold-out shows in Japan, despite the loss of drummer Mick, who explodes onstage. Cast Michael McKean as David St. Hubbins Christopher Guest as Nigel Tufnel Harry Shearer as Derek Smalls Rob Reiner as Martin "Marty" Di Bergi Tony Hendra as Ian Faith R.J. Parnell (drummer for Atomic Rooster) as Mick Shrimpton David Kaff as Viv Savage June Chadwick as Jeanine Pettibone Bruno Kirby as Limo Driver Tommy Pischedda Ed Begley Jr. as John "Stumpy" Pepys Danny Kortchmar as Ronnie Pudding Fran Drescher as Bobbi Flekman Patrick Macnee as Sir Denis Eton-Hogg Julie Payne as The Mime Waitress Dana Carvey as The Mime Waiter Sandy Helberg as Angelo DiMentibelio Zane Buzby as Rolling Stone Reporter Billy Crystal as Morty The Mime Paul Benedict as Tucker "Smitty" Brown Howard Hesseman as Terry Ladd (Duke Fame's Manager) Paul Shortino as Duke Fame Lara Cody as Duke Fame's groupie Andrew J. Lederer as Student Promoter Russ Kunkel as Doomed Drummer Eric "Stumpy Joe" Childs Victory Tischler-Blue as Cindy Joyce Hyser as Belinda Gloria Gifford as The Airport Security Officer With The Security Wand Paul Shaffer as The Incompetent Promoter Artie Fufkin (Polymer Records) Archie Hahn as The Room Service Guy Charles Levin as Disc 'n' Dat Manager Anjelica Huston as Polly Deutsch Donald Kendrick as A Background Vocalist Fred Willard as Air Force Lt. Bob Hookstratten Wonderful Smith as The Janitor Robert Bauer as Moke, Spinal Tap's Roadie Production Background Michael McKean and Christopher Guest met while in college in New York City in the late 1960s, and they played music together. They worked with Harry Shearer and Rob Reiner on a TV pilot in 1978 for a sketch comedy show called The TV Show, which featured a parody rock band called Spinal Tap. During production of that sketch (while being burned with oil from on-stage effect) McKean and Guest began to improvise, inventing characters that became David St. Hubbins and Nigel Tufnel. Guest had previously played guitar under the name "Nigel Tufnel" on Michael McKean and David Lander's album Lenny and the Squigtones. Development The entire film was shot in Los Angeles County, over a period of about five weeks on handheld 16mm cameras. The visit to Elvis Presley's grave was filmed in a park in Altadena, with a mock-up of the grave site. The band sings "Heartbreak Hotel" because that was the only Elvis song for which producer Karen Murphy could obtain rights. Rob Reiner procured $60,000 from Marble Arch Productions to write a screenplay with McKean, Guest and Shearer, based on the Spinal Tap characters. They realized after a few days of writing that no script could capture the kind of movie they wanted to make, so they decided instead to shoot a short demo of the proposed film. They shopped the demo around to various studios but had no takers, until television writer-producer Norman Lear decided to back the project. Virtually all dialogue in the film is improvised. Actors were given outlines indicating where scenes would begin and end and character information necessary to avoid contradictions, but everything else came from the actors. As often as possible, the first take was used in the film, to capture natural reactions. Reiner wanted to list the entire cast as writers on the film to acknowledge their contributions, but the Writers' Guild objected, and so only he, Guest, McKean, and Shearer received writing credit. Veteran documentary cameraman Peter Smokler worked as cinematographer on the film. Smokler had great instincts for camera placement on set, according to Reiner, and is responsible for the film's handheld cinéma vérité style—although the cinematographer did not understand what was supposed to be funny about the movie. With Smokler behind the camera, the film was shot not as a feature film, but as a documentary, without a script or traditional shooting schedule. So much footage was filmed (over 100 hours) that it eventually required three editors to complete the film. Inspirations for the film included the documentaries Dont Look Back (1967), which was made about Bob Dylan, and The Last Waltz (1978), which was about The Band. The famous scene where Spinal Tap becomes lost backstage was inspired by a video of Tom Petty at a concert in Germany, walking through a series of doors trying to find the stage, but ending up on an indoor tennis court. Rob Reiner also went to see the English heavy metal band Judas Priest in concert as part of his preparation for the film. He later said, "It physically hurt my chest. The reverberation in the hall was so strong that I couldn't stay there any longer." According to Harry Shearer in the Criterion edition DVD commentary, keyboard player John Sinclair had just returned from touring with Uriah Heep when principal photography was about to begin, and told them how they had been booked to play an Air Force base. They subsequently used the story in the film. In post-production, Christopher Guest was very concerned with the verisimilitude of the finger positions on the band's instruments during the concert scenes, and even re-shot some footage after the movie was edited to ensure their hands appeared in sync with the music. The character of Jeanine, David's disruptive girlfriend, was added during the production to provide a storyline to the material—in part to mollify studio executives who worried the movie would be plotless. Actress Victoria Tennant was briefly considered for the role, but June Chadwick won the part, thanks to her chemistry with the cast and her improvisation skills. Robert Bauer played the same character, Moke, in two Rob Reiner movies, The Sure Thing (1985) and this one. Reception and legacy Critical reception Since its release, This Is Spinal Tap has received acclaim from critics and is widely regarded as one of the best films of 1984. The film holds a 96% "Certified Fresh" rating on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes based on 67 reviews, with an average rating of 8.60/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Smartly directed, brilliantly acted, and packed with endlessly quotable moments, This Is Spinal Tap is an all-time comedy classic." On Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four stars out of four and wrote "This Is Spinal Tap is one of the funniest, most intelligent, most original films of the year. The satire has a deft, wicked touch. Spinal Tap is not that much worse than, not that much different from, some successful rock bands." Ebert later placed the film on his ten best list of 1984 and would later include it in his Great Movies list in 2001 where he called it "one of the funniest movies ever made". Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune also awarded 4 out of 4 stars, writing, "It is so well done, in fact, that unless you are clued in beforehand, it might take you a while to realize that the rock group under dissection in This Is Spinal Tap does not really exist." Janet Maslin of The New York Times praised it as "a witty, mischievous satire, and it's obviously a labor of love." In 2002, This Is Spinal Tap was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Critics praised the film not only for its satire of the rollercoaster lifestyles of rock stars but also for its take on the non-fiction film genre. David Ansen from Newsweek called the film "a satire of the documentary form itself, complete with perfectly faded clips from old TV shows of the band in its mod and flower-child incarnations". Even with cameos from Angelica Huston, Billy Crystal and Patrick Macnee, Spinal Tap still managed to trick many of its moviegoers into believing the band existed. Reiner observed that "when Spinal Tap initially came out, everybody thought it was a real band... the reason it did go over everybody's head was that it was very close to home". Reactions from musicians The film resonated with many musicians. Jimmy Page, Robert Plant, Jerry Cantrell, Dee Snider and Ozzy Osbourne all reported that, like Spinal Tap, they had become lost in confusing arena backstage hallways trying to make their way to the stage. When Dokken's George Lynch saw the film he is said to have exclaimed, "That's us! How'd they make a movie about us?" Glenn Danzig had a similar reaction when comparing Spinal Tap to his former band the Misfits saying, "When I first saw Spinal Tap, I was like, 'Hey, this is my old band.'" Lars Ulrich told a press conference crowd that the 1992 Guns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour seemed "so Spinal Tap." This tour was in support of Metallica's own "black album". Shortly after the tour started, Metallica's James Hetfield suffered third-degree burns on his arms after he stood too close to a pyrotechnic device. Earlier in that tour, backstage at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, Metallica met with Spinal Tap and discussed how their "black album" was a homage to Spinal Tap's Smell the Glove. This was captured on the Metallica DVD A Year and a Half in the Life of Metallica. In a 1992 interview, Nirvana explained declining the offer to be a part of the film Singles. Kurt Cobain goes on to say, "There's never really been a good documentary on rock and roll bands." Dave Grohl then cuts in saying, "Except for Spinal Tap, [that] was the only rock movie worth watching," which Cobain agreed with, as well as mentioning Dont Look Back, by D.A. Pennebaker. According to a 1997 interview in Spin magazine with Aerosmith rhythm guitarist Brad Whitford, "The first time Steven [Tyler] saw it he didn't see any humor in it." When the film was released, Aerosmith's then-latest album, Rock in a Hard Place, depicted Stonehenge prominently on the cover. U2 guitarist The Edge said in the documentary It Might Get Loud that when he first saw Spinal Tap, "I didn't laugh: I wept," because it summed up what a brainless swamp big-label rock music had become. In a 2023 interview Chris Frantz of Talking Heads said "we watched Spinal Tap and I thought, ohh, I can never take myself seriously again." Use of Spinal Tap as a descriptive term It became a common insult for a pretentious band to be told they were funnier than Spinal Tap. As George Lynch put it, the more seriously a band took themselves, the more they resembled Spinal Tap. After seeing a 1986 performance by metal band Venom, singer Henry Rollins compared them to Spinal Tap. In their respective Behind the Music episodes, Quiet Riot's Rudy Sarzo and Ratt's Robbin Crosby compared their own bands to Spinal Tap to some extent. For example, as a parallel to the "Shit Sandwich" incident, Quiet Riot's fourth album Condition Critical was given the two-word review of "Prognosis:Terminal" by J. D. Considine in Musician magazine. His review of the short-lived band GTR's eponymous debut LP in the same magazine was "SHT". R.E.M.'s Mike Mills described the band's early tours as "very Spinal Tap", citing, among other things, they had played at a United States Air Force base. Judas Priest, the heavy metal band that Rob Reiner saw in preparation for the film, has had many drummers in its career (eight in total), which the website Ultimate Classic Rock described as "positively Spinal Tap-worthy". Marillion guitarist Steve Rothery later described the run of five drummers in a year between his band's first two albums as "like Spinal Tap". In the Pearl Jam documentary Pearl Jam Twenty, the members jokingly refer to the fact that while the core lineup of the group has remained unchanged (singer Eddie Vedder, guitarists Mike McCready and Stone Gossard, and bassist Jeff Ament), the band has had five drummers. They describe this as "very Spinal Tap of us". In the documentary, a mock silent film called The Drummer Story is shown explaining what happened to their previous drummers. In it, one of them is almost eaten by a sea monster, only to be rescued by Eddie Vedder, playing a lifeguard. The Canadian heavy metal band Anvil, whose drummer is named Robb Reiner, have been called "the real Spinal Tap" based on the misadventures depicted in their documentary Anvil! The Story of Anvil. Accolades In 2008, Empire magazine ranked This Is Spinal Tap #48 on its list of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time. The New York Times placed the film on their list of The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made. In January 2010, Total Film placed This Is Spinal Tap on its list of The 100 Greatest Movies of All Time. When Entertainment Weekly compiled their list of The 100 Greatest Movies of All Time, the publication included the film as "just too beloved to ignore". In 2011, Time Out London named it the best comedy film of all time. In November 2015, the film was ranked the 11th funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of 101 Funniest Screenplays. Stephen Sondheim listed it among his favorite films of all time. This Is Spinal Tap at 35: Tribeca Film Festival (The Guardian) The film is recognized by American Film Institute in this list: 2000: AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – #29 Lawsuit On October 17, 2016, actor Harry Shearer filed a $125 million fraud and breach of contract lawsuit against both StudioCanal, who owns the film's rights, and Vivendi, which owns the studio. Shearer claimed that he and the other co-stars of the film received only $179 for sales of merchandise and music over the prior three decades. Shearer's lawsuit was specifically directed at StudioCanal by ordering the studio to terminate the copyright to This Is Spinal Tap. In February 2017, Shearer's co-stars Christopher Guest and Michael McKean, as well as the film's director Rob Reiner, joined the lawsuit against StudioCanal and Vivendi, seeking $400 million in damages. In the same month, Vivendi made an attempt to move the court to dismiss the case. In September 2017, a judge dismissed Shearer, Reiner and McKean from the case. In October 2017, Spinal Tap revised their case by adding Universal Music Group (UMG, another division of Vivendi, whose Polydor label released the film's soundtrack) as a defendant, as well as the right to reclaim their copyrights to the film, its songs and characters. In August 2018, another judge ruled that Guest, Reiner, McKean and Shearer could pursue the fraud claim against Vivendi. The case related to sales of the soundtrack was settled out of court by November 2019, with UMG retaining the distribution rights but with the music rights eventually returning to Shearer, Guest, and McKean in the future. A settlement between Vivendi, StudioCanal, and the cast on the merchandising aspect was reached in September 2020 with final details to be resolved in the following months. Home media This Is Spinal Tap was first released on VHS in 1984 by Embassy Home Entertainment, and in 1994 as part of the Criterion Collection on LaserDisc under the title This Is Spinal Tap: Special Edition. It has also been released twice on DVD. The first DVD release was a 1998 Criterion edition in letterbox format which used supplemental material from the 1994 Criterion LaserDisc release. It is the only double sided DVD in their catalogue, and it is now out of print. It included an audio commentary track with Christopher Guest, Michael McKean and Harry Shearer; a second audio commentary track with Rob Reiner, Karen Murphy, Robert Leighton and Kent Beyda; 79 minutes of deleted scenes; Spinal Tap: The Final Tour, the original twenty-minute short they shot to pitch the film; two trailers that feature Rob Reiner showing a film about cheese rolling (because "Spinal Tap" itself was still in the editing room); a TV promo, Heavy Metal Memories; and a music video for "Hell Hole". Sales of this edition were discontinued after only two years and the DVD has become a valuable collector's item. Much of this material had appeared on a 1994 CD-ROM by The Voyager Company that included the entire film in QuickTime format. In 2000, MGM Home Entertainment released a special edition with more or less the same extras from the Criterion edition, plus a new audio commentary track with Guest, McKean and Shearer performing in character throughout, commenting on the film entirely in their fictional alter-egos, and often disapproving of how the film presents them; 70 minutes of deleted scenes (some of which were not on the Criterion DVD); a new short, Catching Up with Marty Di Bergi (where it is revealed that the members of Spinal Tap were very disappointed in Di Bergi for making a "hatchet job" of their film); the Heavy Metal Memories promo and six additional TV promos; music videos for "Gimme Some Money", "Listen to the Flower People" and "Big Bottom"; and segments of Spinal Tap appearing on The Joe Franklin Show. The special features were produced by Automat Pictures. However, this version of the film was missing the subtitles that appear throughout the film (for example, introducing band members, other personnel, and location names) and did not include the commentaries from the Criterion edition. The MGM DVD is missing the subtitles burned into the film; they have been replaced with player generated subtitles. A 25th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray Disc release was released on July 28, 2009. It includes all bonus features from the MGM DVD, plus an interview with Nigel about Stonehenge, as well as the performance of "Stonehenge" from the band's Live Earth performance. It does not include the commentaries from the Criterion Collection DVD, even though MGM had stated that they would be included in the earliest press release for the Blu-ray version (most likely due to legal issues), and does not feature a "create your own avatars" element teased in publicity. However, this version does restore the subtitles that introduce band members/locales/events/etc. that were missing from MGM's DVD. The alternative, Region B, UK edition of this version additionally features a new hour-long documentary featuring famous fans, the "Bitch School" promo, the EPK for the "Back From The Dead" album, an interview with the late Reg Presley discussing the influence of the Troggs tapes on the film, and the first hour (ending with an abrupt edit) of The Return Of Spinal Tap. It does however lose the Di Bergi short and the Joe Franklin clip. Sometime in the 2000s a workprint version of the film was uploaded online. This version is 270 minutes long. It includes many scenes never released in any home media release Appearances in other media Harry Shearer, who played Derek Smalls, went on to become one of the main voice artists on The Simpsons, providing voices for Principal Skinner, Mr. Burns, Waylon Smithers, Ned Flanders and many others. The members of Spinal Tap reprised their roles in "The Otto Show", first playing on a concert attended by Bart and Milhouse which escalates into a riot after the band's early exit, then having their tour bus run off the road by Otto in the school bus. The Internet Movie Database normally only allows users to rate films up to ten stars, but specifically for Spinal Tap, the site allows users to rate the film eleven stars, referencing the "Up to eleven" scene. On IGN, This Is Spinal Tap was the only DVD—and seemingly the only thing reviewed on IGN—to get 11 out of 10. This scene was also used in some news reports on the death of James Charles "Jim" Marshall, founder of the famous amplifier company whose equipment is featured in the scene. Richard D. Titus, UX&D Controller for the BBC, adopted a Spinal Tap-inspired suggestion from a colleague that the BBC iPlayer should have a volume control that goes to eleven. The term has entered the vernacular, as with an autistic's description of sensory overload vis-à-vis a neurotypical's routine filtering. Fran Drescher reprised the role of Bobbi Flekman during the fifth season of her hit television sitcom The Nanny; it was the season's third episode, titled "The Bobbi Flekman Story". In the episode, Flekman is now a record label producer for The Brian Setzer Orchestra, and an ex-business partner of character Maxwell Sheffield (Charles Shaughnessy). Drescher's regular character Fran Fine believes Flekman is attempting to seduce Sheffield, and impersonates her to stop it. Outside the world of music, J. K. Rowling cited Spinal Taps series of drummers as an inspiration for the Harry Potter series, in which something bad happens to every teacher of Defence against the Dark Arts at Hogwarts, causing them to leave the job without completing a full school year. A biographical comic book was released in 2018, That Was Spinal Tap, telling both the fictional story of the band and the real-life tale of the actors and others who created the characters and music. It was scripted by Rock 'N' Roll Comics co-creator Jay Allen Sanford. Sequel A sequel, The Return of Spinal Tap, was broadcast and released on video in 1992 to promote Break Like the Wind. It consisted mostly of footage from an actual Spinal Tap concert at the Royal Albert Hall. In it the "Stonehenge" joke from the original movie is referenced, as the new, large prop is instead too big to get into the venue. In May 2022, director Rob Reiner announced that he is working on a sequel to the film, which will include him returning to play DiBergi, and McKean, Shearer, and Guest as the members of Spinal Tap. The film will be Castle Rock Entertainment's first film following its revival in 2021. Related works "Christmas with the Devil", 1984 follow-up single. Inside Spinal Tap (1985), a rare companion book by Peter Occhiogrosso. In 1992 this was revised and expanded exclusively for the UK market. Both Michael McKean and Harry Shearer appeared in character as David St. Hubbins and Derek Smalls as part of the all-star charity group Hear 'n Aid. The group issued the single "Stars" in early 1986 which charted in the UK, hitting #26. St. Hubbins and Smalls were two of the dozens of well-known heavy metal artists who participated and were credited on the record, and can be seen in the video. Break Like the Wind (1992), album. "The Otto Show", a 1992 episode of The Simpsons which features Spinal Tap. This Is Spinal Tap: The Official Companion () was published in 2000. It featured a "Tapistory", full transcript of the film (including outtakes), a discography, lyrics and an A–Z of the band. This book largely recycles material from the Peter Occhiogrosso book and Criterion DVD commentaries. Back from the Dead, 2009 album and DVD. Unplugged and Unwigged, 2009 live DVD of Guest, McKean, and Shearer performing songs from their various works. Smalls Change (Meditations on Ageing), 2018 solo album by Shearer as Derek Smalls. See also A Mighty Wind (film) (2003) The Rutles (1978) Bad News (band) (1982) Best in Show (film) (2000) CB4 (film) (1993) For Your Consideration (film) (2006) Spinal Tap discography Up to eleven Waiting for Guffman (film) (1996) All You Need Is Cash (1978) Fear of a Black Hat (1994) Popstar (film) (2016) Get Ready to Be Boyzvoiced (2000) The Big Picture (1989) Notes References External links This Is Spinal Tap an essay by Peter Occhiogrosso at the Criterion Collection 1984 comedy films 1984 directorial debut films 1984 films 1984 independent films 1980s parody films 1980s satirical films American independent films American mockumentary films American parody films American rock music films American satirical films Embassy Pictures films Films about musical groups Films directed by Rob Reiner Films set in 1982 Films set in Atlanta Films set in California Films set in Chicago Films set in Cleveland Films set in Los Angeles Films set in New York City Films set in North Carolina Films set in Seattle Films set in Tennessee Films set in Tokyo Films shot in Los Angeles Films with screenplays by Christopher Guest Films with screenplays by Harry Shearer Films with screenplays by Michael McKean Films with screenplays by Rob Reiner Heavy metal films Spinal Tap (band) United States National Film Registry films Saturday Night Live films 1980s English-language films 1980s American films
Adam Gnezda Čerin (born 16 July 1999) is a Slovenian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Greek Super League club Panathinaikos and the Slovenia national team. Club career On 2 July 2022, Gnezda Čerin left 1. FC Nürnberg and signed a four-year contract with Super League Greece side Panathinaikos for an alleged fee of €700,000. International career Gnezda Čerin made his debut for Slovenia on 11 November 2020 in a friendly game against Azerbaijan. He started the game and was substituted at half-time. Career statistics Club International Scores and results list Slovenia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gnezda Čerin goal. References External links Adam Gnezda Čerin at NZS 1999 births Living people People from Postojna Men's association football midfielders Slovenian men's footballers Slovenia men's youth international footballers Slovenia men's under-21 international footballers Slovenia men's international footballers NK Domžale players 1. FC Nürnberg players HNK Rijeka players Panathinaikos F.C. players Slovenian PrvaLiga players 2. Bundesliga players Croatian Football League players Super League Greece players Slovenian expatriate men's footballers Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Germany Expatriate men's footballers in Germany Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Croatia Expatriate men's footballers in Croatia Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Greece Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
The British TV sitcom series 'Allo 'Allo! pilot was originally broadcast on 30 December 1982. It was repeated as the first of a series of eight episodes broadcast from 7 September to 26 October 1984. The following episode names are the ones found on the British R2 DVDs with alternative region titles given below them. Cast Episodes References External links Comedy Guide 1984 British television seasons 1 'Allo 'Allo! seasons
Gloria Kamba (born on July 18) is a Ugandan radio personality who was the first presenter of the 88.2 Sanyu FM weekday breakfast show "The Early Riser" and the Sunday mid morning show "The Intimate Connection" She is recognized as one of the original female FM radio stars in Uganda. In the 1980s, she was known as Gloria Nekesa while at Namasagali College. Background She is currently living in the UK. References External links Kampala Express Facebook explanation about Gloria Kamba Website of Sanyu FM. Gloria Kamba on YouTube Gloria Kamba's Album. Ugandan women journalists Ugandan journalists Ugandan radio journalists Ugandan women radio journalists Ugandan radio presenters Ugandan women radio presenters Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
Haplochromis vittatus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Kivu in East Africa. This species reaches a length of SL. References vittatus Fish described in 1901 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
In the United States, a county or county equivalent is an administrative or political subdivision of a state which consists of a geographic region with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The term "county" is used in 48 states, while Louisiana and Alaska have functionally equivalent subdivisions called parishes and boroughs, respectively. The specific governmental powers of counties vary widely between the states, with many providing some level of services to civil townships, municipalities, and unincorporated areas. Certain municipalities are in multiple counties; New York City is uniquely partitioned into five counties, referred to at the city government level as boroughs. Some municipalities have been consolidated with their county government to form consolidated city-counties, or have been legally separated from counties altogether to form independent cities. Conversely, those counties in Connecticut, Rhode Island, eight of Massachusetts's 14 counties, and Alaska's Unorganized Borough have no government power, existing only as geographic distinctions. The United States Census Bureau uses the term "county equivalent" to describe places that are comparable to counties, but called by different names. Louisiana parishes, the organized boroughs of Alaska, independent cities, and the District of Columbia are equivalent to counties for administrative purposes. Alaska's Unorganized Borough is further divided into 11 census areas that are statistically equivalent to counties. In 2024, the U.S. Census Bureau will start to also count Connecticut's Councils of Governments, which took over some of the regional powers from the state's former county governments, as county equivalents. Territories of the United States do not have counties; instead, the United States Census Bureau also divides them into county equivalents. The U.S. Census Bureau counts American Samoa's districts and atolls as county equivalents. American Samoa locally has places called "counties", but these entities are considered to be "minor civil divisions" (not true counties) by the U.S. Census Bureau. The number of counties per state ranges from the three counties of Delaware to the 254 counties of Texas. County populations also vary widely: in 2017, according to the Census Bureau, more than half the U.S. population was concentrated in just 143 of the more than 3,000 counties, or just 4.6% of all counties; the five most populous counties, ordered from most to least, are Los Angeles County, California; Cook County, Illinois; Harris County, Texas; Maricopa County, Arizona; and San Diego County, California. , there are 3,143 counties and county-equivalents in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. If the 100 county equivalents in the U.S. territories are counted, then the total is 3,243 counties and county-equivalents in the United States. History The origin of the American counties are in the counties of England. English (after 1707 British) colonists brought to their colonies in North America a political subdivision that they already used in the British metropole: the counties. Counties were among the earliest units of local government established in the Thirteen Colonies that would become the United States. Virginia created the first counties in order to ease the administrative workload in Jamestown. The House of Burgesses divided the colony first into four "incorporations" in 1617 and finally into eight shires (or counties) in 1634: James City, Henrico, Charles City, Charles River, Warrosquyoake, Accomac, Elizabeth City, and Warwick River. America's oldest intact county court records can be found at Eastville, Virginia, in Northampton (originally Accomac) County, dating to 1632. Maryland established its first county, St. Mary's, in 1637, and Massachusetts followed in 1643. Pennsylvania and New York delegated significant power and responsibility from the colony government to county governments and thereby established a pattern for most of the United States, although counties remained relatively weak in New England. When independence came, the framers of the Constitution left the matter to the states. Subsequently, state constitutions conceptualized county governments as arms of the state. Louisiana instead adopted the local divisions called parishes that dated back to both the Spanish colonial and French colonial periods when the land was dominated by the Catholic Church. In the twentieth century, the role of local governments strengthened and counties began providing more services, acquiring home rule and county commissions to pass local ordinances pertaining to their unincorporated areas. In 1955, delegates to the Alaska Constitutional Convention wanted to avoid the traditional county system and adopted their own unique model with different types of boroughs varying in powers and duties. In some states, these powers are partly or mostly devolved to the counties' smaller divisions usually called townships, though in New York, New England and Wisconsin they are called "towns". The county may or may not be able to override its townships on certain matters, depending on state law. The newest county in the United States is the city and county of Broomfield, Colorado, established in 2001 as a consolidated city-county, previously part of four counties. The newest county equivalents are the Alaskan census areas of Chugach and Copper River, both established in 2019, and the Alaskan boroughs of Petersburg established in 2013, Wrangell established in 2008, and Skagway established in 2007. County variations Consolidated city-counties A consolidated city-county is simultaneously a city, which is a municipality (municipal corporation), and a county, which is an administrative division of a state, having the powers and responsibilities of both types of entities. The city limit or jurisdiction is synonymous with the county line, as the two administrative entities become a non-dichotomous single entity. For this reason, a consolidated city-county is officially remarked as name of city – name of county (i.e., Augusta–Richmond County in Georgia). The same is true of the boroughs of New York City, each of which is coextensive with a county of New York State. For those entities in which the city uses the same name as the county, city and county of name may be used (i.e., City and County of Denver in Colorado). Similarly, some of Alaska's boroughs have merged with their principal cities, creating unified city-boroughs. Some such consolidations and mergers have created cities that rank among the geographically largest cities in the world, though often with population densities far below those of most urban areas. There are 40 consolidated city-counties in the U.S., including Augusta–Richmond County; the City and County of Denver, Colorado; the City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii; Indianapolis–Marion County, Indiana; Jacksonville–Duval County, Florida; Louisville–Jefferson County, Kentucky; Lexington–Fayette County, Kentucky; Kansas City–Wyandotte County, Kansas; Nashville–Davidson County, Tennessee; New Orleans–Orleans Parish, Louisiana; the City and County of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; City and County of San Francisco, California; and Lynchburg-Moore County, Tennessee A consolidated city-county may still contain independent municipalities maintaining some governmental powers that did not merge with the rest of the county. For example, the government of Jacksonville–Duval County, Florida, still provides county-level services to the four independent municipalities within its borders: Atlantic Beach, Baldwin, Jacksonville Beach, and Neptune Beach. County equivalents The term county equivalents is used by the United States Census Bureau to describe divisions that are comparable to counties but called by different names: Alaska boroughs: the state adopted the term "borough" instead of "county" to reflect Alaska's system with different classes of boroughs varying in governmental powers. Alaska census areas: most of the land area of Alaska is not contained within any of Alaska's 19 organized boroughs. This vast area, larger than France and Germany combined, is officially referred to by the Alaska state government as the Unorganized Borough and outside of other incorporated borough limits, has no independent "county" government, although several incorporated city governments exist within its boundaries; the majority of it is governed and run by the State of Alaska as an extension of state government. The United States Census Bureau, in cooperation with the Alaska state government for census and electoral districting purposes, has divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas for statistical purposes only. Louisiana parishes: the usage of the term "parish" for a territorial entity or local government in Louisiana dates back to both the Spanish colonial and French colonial periods when the land was dominated by the Catholic Church. New Orleans is a consolidated city-parish. Independent cities: these are cities that legally belong to no county. They differ from consolidated city-counties in that in the case of a consolidated city-county, the county at least nominally exists, whereas in the case of an independent city, no county even nominally exists. There are 41 such cities in the United States: Baltimore, Maryland; Carson City, Nevada; St. Louis, Missouri; and all 38 cities in Virginia, where any area incorporated as a city is outside of the county jurisdiction. Washington, D.C., outside the jurisdiction of any state, has a special status. The City of Washington comprises the entirety of the District of Columbia, which, in accordance with Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, is under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress. When founded in 1801, the District consisted of two counties and three cities. In 1846, Alexandria County (which now forms Arlington County and a portion of the independent city of Alexandria)—including the then City of Alexandria—was given back to Virginia. In 1871, the three remaining entities—the City of Washington, City of Georgetown, and Washington County (which was coterminous with the district)—were merged into a consolidated government of District of Columbia by an act of Congress. Georgetown was abolished as a city by another act in 1895. Connecticut councils of governments (beginning in 2024): county governments were abolished in Connecticut in 1960. Regional councils of governments (COG's) have since been developed as a means of cooperation and coordination between municipalities. Application for the COG's to be considered county equivalents for statistical purposes was made to the Census Bureau in 2019, approved in 2022, and will be fully implemented by 2024. Consolidated city-counties are not designated county equivalents for administrative purposes; since both the city and the county at least nominally exist, they are properly classified as counties in their own right. Likewise, the boroughs of New York City are coextensive with counties and are therefore by definition also not county equivalents. Territories There are technically no counties in U.S. territories. American Samoa has its own counties, but the U.S. Census Bureau does not treat them as counties (instead, the U.S. Census Bureau treats American Samoa's three districts and two atolls as county equivalents). American Samoa's counties are treated as minor civil divisions. Most territories are directly divided into municipalities or similar units, which are treated as equivalent of counties for statistical purposes: The 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico The 2 districts of the United States Virgin Islands, or the 3 main islands of the United States Virgin Islands The 19 villages of Guam The 4 municipalities of the Northern Mariana Islands The 3 districts of American Samoa The 2 atolls of American Samoa The 9 islands of the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands The U.S. Census Bureau counts all of Guam as one county equivalent (with the FIPS code 66010), while the USGS counts Guam's election districts (villages) as county equivalents. The U.S. Census Bureau counts the 3 main islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands as county equivalents, while the USGS counts the districts of the U.S. Virgin Islands (of which there are 2) as county equivalents. Names and etymologies Common sources of county names are names of people, geographic features, places in other states or countries, and animals. Quite a few counties bear names of Native American, French, or Spanish origin. Counties are most often named for people, often political figures or early settlers, with over 2,100 of the 3,144 total so named. The most common county name, with 31, is Washington County, for America's first president, George Washington. Up until 1871, there was a Washington County within the District of Columbia, but it was dissolved by the District of Columbia Organic Act. Jefferson County, for Thomas Jefferson, is next with 26. The most recent president to have a county named for him was Warren G. Harding, reflecting the slowing rate of county creation since New Mexico and Arizona became states in 1912. The most common names for counties not named after a president are Franklin (25), Clay (18), and Montgomery (18). After people, the next most common source of county names are geographic features and locations, with some counties even being named after counties in other states, or for places in other countries, such as the United Kingdom (the latter is most common in the area of the original Thirteen Colonies in the case of the United Kingdom, or in places which had a large number of immigrants from a particular area for other countries). The most common geographic county name is Lake. Words from Native American languages, as well as the names of Native American leaders and tribes, lend their names to many counties. Quite a few counties bear names of French or Spanish origin, such as Marquette County being named after French missionary Father Jacques Marquette. The county's equivalent in the state of Louisiana, the parish (Fr. paroisse civile and Sp. parroquia) took its name during the state's French and Spanish colonial periods. Before the Louisiana Purchase and granting of statehood, government was often administered in towns where major church parishes were located. Of the original 19 civil parishes of Louisiana that date from statehood in 1807, nine were named after the Roman Catholic parishes from which they were governed. County government Organization The structure and powers of a county government may be defined by the general law of the state or by a charter specific to that county. States may allow only general-law counties, only charter counties, or both. Generally, general-law local governments have less autonomy than chartered local governments. Counties are usually governed by an elected body, variously called the county commission, board of supervisors, commissioners' court, county council, county court, or county legislature. In cases in which a consolidated city-county or independent city exists, a city council usually governs city/county or city affairs. In some counties, day-to-day operations are overseen by an elected county executive or by a chief administrative officer or county administrator who reports to the board, the mayor, or both. In many states, the board in charge of a county holds powers that transcend all three traditional branches of government. It has the legislative power to enact laws for the county; it has the executive power to oversee the executive operations of county government; and it has quasi-judicial power with regard to certain limited matters (such as hearing appeals from the planning commission if one exists). In many states, several important officials are elected separately from the board of commissioners or supervisors and cannot be fired by the board. These positions may include county clerk, county treasurer, county surrogate, sheriff, and others. District attorneys or state attorneys are usually state-level as opposed to county-level officials, but in many states, counties and state judicial districts have coterminous boundaries. The site of a county's administration, and often the county courthouse, is generally called the county seat ("parish seat" in Louisiana, "borough seat" in Alaska, or "shire town" in several New England counties). The county seat usually resides in a municipality. However, some counties may have multiple seats or no seat. In some counties with no incorporated municipalities, a large settlement may serve as the county seat. Scope of power The power of county governments varies widely from state to state, as does the relationship between counties and incorporated cities. The powers of counties arise from state law and vary widely. In Connecticut and Rhode Island, counties are geographic entities, but not governmental jurisdictions. At the other extreme, Maryland counties and the county equivalent City of Baltimore handle almost all services, including public education, although the state retains an active oversight authority with many of these services. Counties in Hawaii also handle almost all services since there is no formal level of government (municipality, public education, or otherwise) existing below that of the county in the state. In most Midwestern and Northeastern states, counties are further subdivided into townships or towns, which sometimes exercise local powers or administration. Throughout the United States, counties may contain other independent, self-governing municipalities. Minimal scope In New England, counties function at most as judicial court districts and sheriff's departments (presently, in Connecticut only as judicial court districts—and in Rhode Island, they have lost both those functions and most others but they are still used by the United States Census Bureau and some other federal agencies for some federal functions), and most of the governmental authority below the state level is in the hands of towns and cities. In several of Maine's sparsely populated counties, small towns rely on the county for law enforcement, and in New Hampshire several social programs are administered at the state level. In Connecticut, Rhode Island, and parts of Massachusetts, counties are now only geographic designations, and they do not have any governmental powers. All government is either done at the state level or at the municipal level. In Connecticut and parts of Massachusetts, regional councils have been established to partially fill the void left behind by the abolished county governments. The regional councils' authority is limited compared with a county government—they have authority only over infrastructure and land use planning, distribution of state and federal funds for infrastructure projects, emergency preparedness, and limited law enforcement duties. Moderate scope In the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest, counties typically provide, at a minimum, courts, public utilities, libraries, hospitals, public health services, parks, roads, law enforcement, and jails. There is usually a county registrar, recorder, or clerk (the exact title varies) who collects vital statistics, holds elections (sometimes in coordination with a separate elections office or commission), and prepares or processes certificates of births, deaths, marriages, and dissolutions (divorce decrees). The county recorder normally maintains the official record of all real estate transactions. Other key county officials include the coroner/medical examiner, treasurer, assessor, auditor, comptroller, and district attorney. In most states, the county sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer in the county. However, except in major emergencies where clear chains of command are essential, the county sheriff normally does not directly control the police departments of city governments, but merely cooperates with them (e.g., under mutual aid pacts). Thus, the most common interaction between county and city law enforcement personnel is when city police officers deliver suspects to sheriff's deputies for detention or incarceration in the county jail. In most states, the state courts and local law enforcement are organized and implemented along county boundaries, but nearly all of the substantive and procedural law adjudicated in state trial courts originates from the state legislature and state appellate courts. In other words, most criminal defendants are prosecuted for violations of state law, not local ordinances, and if they, the district attorney, or police seek reforms to the criminal justice system, they will usually have to direct their efforts towards the state legislature rather than the county (which merely implements state law). A typical criminal defendant will be arraigned and subsequently indicted or held over for trial before a trial court in and for a particular county where the crime occurred, kept in the county jail (if he is not granted bail or cannot make bail), prosecuted by the county's district attorney, and tried before a jury selected from that county. But long-term incarceration is rarely a county responsibility, execution of capital punishment is never a county responsibility, and the state's responses to prisoners' appeals are the responsibility of the state attorney general, who has to defend before the state appellate courts the prosecutions conducted by locally elected district attorneys in the name of the state. Furthermore, county-level trial court judges are officers of the judicial branch of the state government rather than county governments. In many states, the county controls all unincorporated lands within its boundaries. In states with a township tier, unincorporated land is controlled by the townships. Residents of unincorporated land who are dissatisfied with county-level or township-level resource allocation decisions can attempt to vote to incorporate as a city, town, or village. A few counties directly provide public transportation themselves, usually in the form of a simple bus system. However, in most counties, public transportation is provided by one of the following: a special district that is coterminous with the county (but exists separately from the county government), a multi-county regional transit authority, or a state agency. Broad scope In western and southern states, more populated counties provide many facilities, such as airports, convention centers, museums, recreation centers, beaches, harbors, zoos, clinics, law libraries, and public housing. They provide services such as child and family services, elder services, mental health services, welfare services, veterans assistance services, animal control, probation supervision, historic preservation, food safety regulation, and environmental health services. They have many additional officials like public defenders, arts commissioners, human rights commissioners, and planning commissioners. There may be a county fire department and a county police department – as distinguished from fire and police departments operated by individual cities, special districts, or the state government. For example, Gwinnett County, Georgia, and its county seat, the city of Lawrenceville, each have their own police departments. (A separate county sheriff's department is responsible for security of the county courts and administration of the county jail.) In several southern states, public school systems are organized and administered at the county level. Statistics , there were 3,007 counties, 64 Louisiana parishes, 19 organized boroughs and 11 census areas in Alaska, 41 independent cities, and the District of Columbia for a total of 3,143 counties and county equivalents in the 50 states and District of Columbia. There are an additional 100 county equivalents in the territories of the United States. The average number of counties per state is 62, with a range from the three counties of Delaware to the 254 counties of Texas. Southern and Midwestern states generally tend to have more counties than Western or Northeastern states, as many Northeastern states are not large enough in area to warrant a large number of counties, and many Western states were sparsely populated when counties were created by their respective state legislatures. The five counties of Rhode Island and eight of the 14 counties of Massachusetts no longer have functional county governments, but continue to exist as legal and census entities. Connecticut abolished county governments in 1960, leaving its eight counties as mere legal and census entities. In 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau recognized the state's nine Councils of Governments as replacement for the state's eight legacy counties for all statistical purposes. Full implementation will be completed by 2024. Population The average U.S. county population was 104,435 in 2019, while the median county, which is Nicholas County, West Virginia, had a population of 25,965 in 2019. The most populous county is Los Angeles County, California, with 10,014,009 residents in 2020. This number is greater than the populations of 41 U.S. states, and is only slightly smaller than the combined population of the 10 least populous states and Washington, D.C. It also makes the population of Los Angeles County 17.4 times greater than that of the least populous state, Wyoming. The second most populous county is Cook County, Illinois, with a population of 5,275,541. Cook County's population is larger than that of 28 individual U.S. states and the combined populations of the six smallest states. The least populous county is Loving County, Texas, with 64 residents in 2020. Eight county equivalents in the U.S. territories have no human population: Rose Atoll, Northern Islands Municipality, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, and Navassa Island. The remaining three islands in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands (Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island) have small non-permanent human populations. The county equivalent with the smallest non-zero population counted in the census is Swains Island, American Samoa (17 people), although since 2008 this population has not been permanent either. The most densely populated county or county equivalent is New York County, New York (coextensive with the New York City Borough of Manhattan), with in 2015. The Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, is both the most extensive and the least densely populated county or county equivalent with in 2015. In the 50 states (plus the District of Columbia), a total of 981 counties have a population over 50,000; 592 counties have a population over 100,000; 137 counties have a population over 500,000; 45 counties have a population over 1,000,000; and 14 counties have a population over 2,000,000. At the other extreme, 35 counties have a population under 1,000; 307 counties have a population under 5,000; 709 counties have a population under 10,000; and 1,492 counties have a population between 10,000 and 50,000. Area At the 2000 U.S. Census, the median land area of U.S. counties was , which is two-thirds of the median land area of a ceremonial county of England, and a little more than a quarter of the median land area of a French département. Counties in the western United States typically have a much larger land area than those in the eastern United States. For example, the median land area of counties in Georgia is , whereas in Utah it is . The most extensive county or county equivalent is the Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska, with a land area of 145,505 square miles (376,856 km2). All nine of the most extensive county equivalents are in Alaska. The most extensive county is San Bernardino County, California, with a land area of 20,057 square miles (51,947 km2). The least extensive county is Kalawao County, Hawaii, with a land area of 11.991 square miles (31.058 km2). The least extensive county equivalent in the 50 states is the independent city of Falls Church, Virginia, with a land area of 1.999 square miles (5.177 km2). If U.S. territories are included, the least extensive county equivalent is Kingman Reef, with a land area of 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2). Geographic relationships between cities and counties In some states, a municipality may be in only one county and may not annex territory in adjacent counties, but in the majority of states, the state constitution or state law allows municipalities to extend across county boundaries. At least 32 states include municipalities in multiple counties. Dallas, for example, contains portions of five counties, while numerous other cities comprise portions of four counties. New York City is an unusual case because it encompasses multiple entire counties in one city. Each of those counties is coextensive with one of the five boroughs of the city: Manhattan (New York County), The Bronx (Bronx County), Queens (Queens County), Brooklyn (Kings County), and Staten Island (Richmond County). See also Index of U.S. counties Lists of counties in the United States List of United States counties and county equivalents Consolidated city-county List of former United States counties List of highest counties in the United States List of highest U.S. county high points List of the most common U.S. county names List of FIPS codes Census geographic units of Canada Municipalities of Mexico Notes References External links Geographic Areas Reference Manual by the United States Census Bureau National Association of Counties Atlas of Historical County Boundaries Where Americans are moving, by county, in 2010 United States 2 Counties, United States Political divisions of the United States

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