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msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_332148485#0_668282832
Title: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System - Academic Master Headings: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Impact of Australian Health Workforce Policy on the Quality Person-centered care by the Healthcare workforce RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL Content: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System - Academic Master Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Posted by Arsalan Categories Education Date October 28, 2019 Comments 0 comment The great nation of the United States was founded on the golden principles of freedom and equality for all. In fact, equality of the African Americans was the very basis for the American Civil War. However, even after so many years after the Civil War, the African Americans are still treated with discrimination. Even the criminal justice system of the U.S., which is considered to be the most extensive throughout the world, does not ensure equality of the black Americans. Even though the African Americans constitute only about 13.3 percent of the population of the United States, the prisons are full of them. The major reason behind such racial disparities is the racial prejudice at the hands of the very people sworn in to protect the minorities, like police officials and judges. Furthermore, the policies of the government also significantly contribute to this undesirable trend. Black Americans are under great threat of being incarcerated, as they constitute almost half of the prison populations in the states of Illinois, Georgia, North Carolina, Mississippi, Michigan, Alabama, Virginia, New Jersey, Louisiana and Virginia. This percentage is much more (at 72 percent) in Maryland. All these statistics demonstrate the high racial disparity faced by these people all across the United States.
https://academic-master.com/racism-in-americas-criminal-justice-system/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_332148485#1_668284929
Title: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System - Academic Master Headings: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Impact of Australian Health Workforce Policy on the Quality Person-centered care by the Healthcare workforce RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL Content: The major reason behind such racial disparities is the racial prejudice at the hands of the very people sworn in to protect the minorities, like police officials and judges. Furthermore, the policies of the government also significantly contribute to this undesirable trend. Black Americans are under great threat of being incarcerated, as they constitute almost half of the prison populations in the states of Illinois, Georgia, North Carolina, Mississippi, Michigan, Alabama, Virginia, New Jersey, Louisiana and Virginia. This percentage is much more (at 72 percent) in Maryland. All these statistics demonstrate the high racial disparity faced by these people all across the United States. The conditions are even worse in the cases related to drugs. The use of drugs among the blacks and whites is almost the same, as shown by a 2013 survey conducted by the Health and Human Services Department of the United States. Yet, the African Americans are arrested more than twice their population on drug-related charges. As per the statistics of the FBI, of all the drug arrests, 29 percent constitute African Americans. The same can be said in regards to marijuana, with the blacks being 3.73 percent more likely to be arrested as compared to the white Americans.
https://academic-master.com/racism-in-americas-criminal-justice-system/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_332148485#7_668295149
Title: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System - Academic Master Headings: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Impact of Australian Health Workforce Policy on the Quality Person-centered care by the Healthcare workforce RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL Content: According to the 2015 report of the Federation of American Federations of Bar Associations, defendants often complain of crimes committed without having understood the legal rights. All Americans have basic right to hire lawyers, but this right does not apply to many African Americans. As citizen defenders are short to protect litigation on their behalf, countless innocent blacks are executed in prison. By contrast, Caucasian Americans have easy access to public defenders and most people can win a trial. Young African Americans may be convicted for twice the crime of white Americans’ children. In the same way, unlike white children, black children are 2.5 times more likely to be arrested due to curfew breach. Children of African-Americans are twice as likely to be detained as white children. Furthermore, according to a study of the National Academy of Sciences, it is clear that blacks are more likely to be jailed than whites while waiting for their affairs to be heard. According to the survey, African Americans tend to be subject to imprisonment conditions instead of community service, unlike white-American Americans. This explains why more Americans are black than white people in prisons.
https://academic-master.com/racism-in-americas-criminal-justice-system/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_332148485#8_668296929
Title: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System - Academic Master Headings: Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Racism in America’s Criminal “Justice” System Impact of Australian Health Workforce Policy on the Quality Person-centered care by the Healthcare workforce RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL Content: In the same way, unlike white children, black children are 2.5 times more likely to be arrested due to curfew breach. Children of African-Americans are twice as likely to be detained as white children. Furthermore, according to a study of the National Academy of Sciences, it is clear that blacks are more likely to be jailed than whites while waiting for their affairs to be heard. According to the survey, African Americans tend to be subject to imprisonment conditions instead of community service, unlike white-American Americans. This explains why more Americans are black than white people in prisons. The same goes for the use of physical force by the police while arresting black Americans. Once arrested, they are under a greater threat of being faced by mandatory sentencing charges. For example, blacks are twice more likely to face imprisonment instead of community service in contrast to the white Americans. Moreover, after completing their prison sentences, these people face great difficulty getting a job. It is true that acquiring a job with a criminal record is hard for a person of any race, yet it is much harder for the African Americans than the white people.
https://academic-master.com/racism-in-americas-criminal-justice-system/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_332292667#3_668657710
Title: The Treaty of Versailles and How it Helped Adolf Hitler Come Into Power - Academic Master Headings: The Treaty of Versailles and How it Helped Adolf Hitler Come Into Power The Treaty of Versailles and How it Helped Adolf Hitler Come Into Power Letter about an Issue About the Fast Food Affected Public Health Life of Doubt Content: It was all possible because of his aggressive opposition of the Treaty of Versailles. During 1920’s, the aggressive stance of Hitler against the Treaty and his expressive attitude towards it, according to some historians, played just as much role in worsening economic conditions of Germany’s Weimar Republic as much the terms of surrender. While Great Depression is stated as the worst time in the American and World’s economic history, the Germany had been through a similar phase due to the treaty. Germany, as a result of provision of the treaty, had considerable amount of territory of both the eastern Prussian regions. It had also surrendered the Alsace-Lorraine region in favor of France. Germany was owing a staggering amount of over 130 billion gold Deutsch-marks in lieu of the war reparations. It was the highest ever recorded in the world history. The Great Depression in the Germany was a result of the huge war debt and loss of the industries due to loss of control on the surrendered regions, which in turn initiated the severe shortage of the basic necessities. Germany also had to significantly reduce its paramilitary forces and its operational capabilities were also barred by limiting the access to war assets like airplanes, machine guns and warships. To conclude, the Treaty of Versailles eventually turned to be the foundation of the darkest chapter of Europe’s history.
https://academic-master.com/the-treaty-of-versailles-and-how-it-helped-adolf-hitler-come-into-power/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_332359541#3_668825144
Title: “Why the Rich Are Getting Richer, the Poor get Poorer” by Robert Reich - Academic Master Headings: “Why the Rich Are Getting Richer, the Poor get Poorer” by Robert Reich “Why the Rich Are Getting Richer, the Poor get Poorer” by Robert Reich Summary The analysis Conclusion Intangible Assets The effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing hand washing in healthcare workers—a systematic review by Naikoba S, and Hayward A Content: I loved the facts that it explains about outsourcing. I have experience with outsourcing. There was a time I could not access my wireless internet thus had to fix the routers. I contacted the router firm, and it sounded as though firm’s calls were outsourced to India. Every time I tried calling them I would be linked to a person with an Indian accent. The analysis In the current economic crisis, the rift expands each day making the ones at the center to stretch to one extreme ends. However, there do not seem to be any reconciliation measures to block this disparity since the economy is losing national borders. Several reasons are playing a part and swaying every reason for the drift, but the main factors influencing the ‘hourglass’ economy are seniority, increased automation, outsourcing, and secessions (REICH 45). With rank, labor unions are a significant player. The production jobs are disappearing at a fast rate in the traditional unionized companies, where remuneration have tried keeping up with the inflation.
https://academic-master.com/why-the-rich-are-getting-richer-the-poor-get-poorer-by-robert-reich/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_351887619#14_682976642
Title: Skeletal muscle physiology | BJA Education | Oxford Academic Headings: Skeletal muscle physiology Skeletal muscle physiology Published: Subject Issue Section: Key points Electrical events in muscle contraction Excitation-contraction coupling Contractile structures Force transmission Determinants of force of contraction Summation Recruitment Energy for contraction Muscle fibre-types Further reading Content: Skeletal muscle sarcolemma is characterized by invaginations called transverse- or t-tubules that run perpendicular to the surface of the cell deep into its body. By passing down the t-tubular membrane, the action potential is carried to the structures responsible for transducing an electrical into a chemical signal that will trigger activation of the contractile elements. Excitation-contraction coupling This term encompasses the processes by which the surface membrane action potential leads to interaction of the intracellular contractile elements. The t-tubular membrane contains the highest density in the body of binding sites for dihydropyridine compounds, such as nifedipine. This finding was initially assumed to suggest that arrival of the action potential in the t-tubules opened voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. We now know that, although the t-tubular dihydropyridine receptors show marked amino acid homology with L-type voltage gated Ca 2+ channels of other tissues, they do not function as Ca 2+ channels. Their role in skeletal muscle is that of voltage sensors. When the action potential arrives in the t-tubule, the change in membrane potential leads to a conformational change in the α-subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor. This subunit consists of four transmembrane domains each of six segments ( Fig. 1 ).
https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/6/1/1/347004
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_351887619#15_682978585
Title: Skeletal muscle physiology | BJA Education | Oxford Academic Headings: Skeletal muscle physiology Skeletal muscle physiology Published: Subject Issue Section: Key points Electrical events in muscle contraction Excitation-contraction coupling Contractile structures Force transmission Determinants of force of contraction Summation Recruitment Energy for contraction Muscle fibre-types Further reading Content: We now know that, although the t-tubular dihydropyridine receptors show marked amino acid homology with L-type voltage gated Ca 2+ channels of other tissues, they do not function as Ca 2+ channels. Their role in skeletal muscle is that of voltage sensors. When the action potential arrives in the t-tubule, the change in membrane potential leads to a conformational change in the α-subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor. This subunit consists of four transmembrane domains each of six segments ( Fig. 1 ). The first and sixth segments of adjacent domains are linked by alternating extracellular and cytoplasmic loops of amino acids. The voltage-induced conformational change results in the projection of the cytoplasmic loop between
https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/6/1/1/347004
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_352949435#8_684195463
Title: Human Agency and Social Work Research: A Systematic Search and Synthesis of Social Work Literature | The British Journal of Social Work | Oxford Academic Headings: Human Agency and Social Work Research: A Systematic Search and Synthesis of Social Work Literature Human Agency and Social Work Research: A Systematic Search and Synthesis of Social Work Literature Published: Abstract Issue Section: Introduction Social work and systematic reviews Conceptualising human agency Research design Results Human agency Agency: human action Agency: meaning making and identities Normative claims for, and barriers to, agency Discussion and conclusion Limitations Conclusion Acknowledgements References Content: Garrett (2015) argues that, through political rhetoric and the training of social workers, the state directs social work towards an individual analysis of social problems, whereby social work is pressured to intervene with individuals to change their actions and behaviour as the solution to the problems they experience. Central to Garrett's thesis is that social work in contemporary British society is too heavily directed, and being further pushed, towards the human agency of social work clients. The casting of social problems as matters of individual behaviour—a focus on the individual—implicitly and explicitly brings questions of human agency to the fore. In a similar analysis from the USA, Levin et al. ( 2013) argue that social work has overlooked systems and ecological frameworks. With Olson (2007), they argue that organisational pressures and a desire to achieve a professional status mean that social work focuses on micro-based interventions directed at individual behaviour. Indeed, Reisch and Jani (2012) suggest that contemporary social work in the USA has moved away from its critical narrative of resistance and challenging the status quo. Instead, and consistently with the characterisation of neo-liberalism in the UK, they argue that social work has moved towards dominant cultural ideas of the primacy of the individual. Others have outlined contrasting views. Rather than the individual as the unit of analysis, Parsell, Tomaszewski and Phillips (2014) claim that, for political and ideological reasons, social work has deliberately overlooked human agency of social work clients.
https://academic.oup.com/bjsw/article/47/1/238/3051692
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#1_688762498
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raul Colodner, Raul Colodner 3 Microbiology Laboratory, Haemek Medical Center , Afula, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Calvin M. Kunin Calvin M. Kunin 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 40, Issue 6, 15 March 2005, Pages 896–898, https://doi.org/10.1086/428353 Published: 15 March 2005 Article history Received: 31 August 2004 Accepted: 04 November 2004 Published: 15 March 2005 PDF Split View Views Article contents Cite Cite Raul Raz, Raul Colodner, Calvin M. Kunin, Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 40, Issue 6, 15 March 2005, Pages 896–898, https://doi.org/10.1086/428353 Select Format Select format .ris (Mendeley, Papers, Zotero) .enw (EndNote) .bibtex (BibTex) .txt (Medlars, RefWorks) Download citation Close Permissions Icon Permissions Share Email Twitter Facebook More Navbar Search Filter This issue All Clinical Infectious Diseases All IDSA Journals All Journals Mobile Microsite Search Term Search Sign In Register Close search filter This issue All Clinical Infectious Diseases All IDSA Journals All Journals search input Search Advanced Search Search Menu Abstract Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a leading cause of cystitis in young women. S. saprophyticus shares many clinical features of urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli, but differs in pathogenesis, seasonal variation, and geographic distribution. This review summarizes what is known and what still needs to be learned about this microorganism.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#2_688764741
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: 04 November 2004 Published: 15 March 2005 PDF Split View Views Article contents Cite Cite Raul Raz, Raul Colodner, Calvin M. Kunin, Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 40, Issue 6, 15 March 2005, Pages 896–898, https://doi.org/10.1086/428353 Select Format Select format .ris (Mendeley, Papers, Zotero) .enw (EndNote) .bibtex (BibTex) .txt (Medlars, RefWorks) Download citation Close Permissions Icon Permissions Share Email Twitter Facebook More Navbar Search Filter This issue All Clinical Infectious Diseases All IDSA Journals All Journals Mobile Microsite Search Term Search Sign In Register Close search filter This issue All Clinical Infectious Diseases All IDSA Journals All Journals search input Search Advanced Search Search Menu Abstract Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a leading cause of cystitis in young women. S. saprophyticus shares many clinical features of urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli, but differs in pathogenesis, seasonal variation, and geographic distribution. This review summarizes what is known and what still needs to be learned about this microorganism. Topic: urinary tract infections cystitis signs and symptoms escherichia coli microorganisms staphylococcus saprophyticus seasonal variation Issue Section: BRIEF REPORTS Staphylococcus saprophyticus is uniquely associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans. It has special urotropic and ecologic features that are distinctly different from other staphylococci and from Escherichia coli. This article will consider the epidemiology, ecology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of infections caused by this microorganism.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#3_688766922
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: Topic: urinary tract infections cystitis signs and symptoms escherichia coli microorganisms staphylococcus saprophyticus seasonal variation Issue Section: BRIEF REPORTS Staphylococcus saprophyticus is uniquely associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans. It has special urotropic and ecologic features that are distinctly different from other staphylococci and from Escherichia coli. This article will consider the epidemiology, ecology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of infections caused by this microorganism. Much more needs to be learned about the epidemiology and natural history of UTI caused by S. saprophyticus as well as the role of S. saprophyticus in human and animal health and disease. A series of research questions are offered to address these issues. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were considered to be urinary contaminants prior to the 1960s. In 1962, Torres Pereira [ 1] reported the isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci possessing antigen 51 from the urine of women with acute UTI. In subsequent years, additional reports supported this concept [ 2 ].
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#4_688768491
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: Much more needs to be learned about the epidemiology and natural history of UTI caused by S. saprophyticus as well as the role of S. saprophyticus in human and animal health and disease. A series of research questions are offered to address these issues. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were considered to be urinary contaminants prior to the 1960s. In 1962, Torres Pereira [ 1] reported the isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci possessing antigen 51 from the urine of women with acute UTI. In subsequent years, additional reports supported this concept [ 2 ]. The organism was found to belong to micrococcus subgroup 3. It was later reclassified as S. saprophyticus. Urease production is another important characteristic, and renal and ureteral stones were found to be associated with S. saprophyticus infection [ 5 ]. Laboratory diagnosis. Laboratory identification of S. saprophyticus is made on the basis of resistance to novobiocin, the absence of hemolysin and coagulase, and intense pigment production.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#5_688769957
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: The organism was found to belong to micrococcus subgroup 3. It was later reclassified as S. saprophyticus. Urease production is another important characteristic, and renal and ureteral stones were found to be associated with S. saprophyticus infection [ 5 ]. Laboratory diagnosis. Laboratory identification of S. saprophyticus is made on the basis of resistance to novobiocin, the absence of hemolysin and coagulase, and intense pigment production. Approximately 65% of strains are yellow, and 35% are white [ 3 ]. Testing of novobiocin susceptibility is reported to be 100% sensitive and 96% specific [ 4 ]. This provides a simple and reliable screening method to differentiate the presence of S. saprophyticus from the presence of other coagulase-negative staphylococci, but further tests are recommended for final identification. Epidemiology. S. saprophyticus is second only to E. coli as the most frequent causative organism of uncomplicated UTI in women.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#6_688771364
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: Approximately 65% of strains are yellow, and 35% are white [ 3 ]. Testing of novobiocin susceptibility is reported to be 100% sensitive and 96% specific [ 4 ]. This provides a simple and reliable screening method to differentiate the presence of S. saprophyticus from the presence of other coagulase-negative staphylococci, but further tests are recommended for final identification. Epidemiology. S. saprophyticus is second only to E. coli as the most frequent causative organism of uncomplicated UTI in women. The more severe complications include acute pyelonephritis [ 6 ], septicemia [ 7 ], nephrolithiasis [ 5 ], and endocarditis [ 8 ]. The vast majority of infections occur in young sexually active women. Wallmark et al. [ 9] isolated S. saprophyticus from the urine of 173 of 787 (22%) consecutive female patients found to have bacteriuria. The highest rate of S. saprophyticus infection was 42.3%, among women aged 16–25 years included in the study.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#7_688772775
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: The more severe complications include acute pyelonephritis [ 6 ], septicemia [ 7 ], nephrolithiasis [ 5 ], and endocarditis [ 8 ]. The vast majority of infections occur in young sexually active women. Wallmark et al. [ 9] isolated S. saprophyticus from the urine of 173 of 787 (22%) consecutive female patients found to have bacteriuria. The highest rate of S. saprophyticus infection was 42.3%, among women aged 16–25 years included in the study. Gupta et al. [ 10] reported a prevalence of 8% among 665 young women with UTI. In a study conducted in Australia, S. saprophyticus was isolated from 15.2% of the women aged 13–40 years with UTI [ 11 ]. There are also several case reports of infections in young girls [ 12 ]. S. saprophyticus can also cause UTI in males of all ages;
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#8_688774012
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: Gupta et al. [ 10] reported a prevalence of 8% among 665 young women with UTI. In a study conducted in Australia, S. saprophyticus was isolated from 15.2% of the women aged 13–40 years with UTI [ 11 ]. There are also several case reports of infections in young girls [ 12 ]. S. saprophyticus can also cause UTI in males of all ages; the organism has been isolated in young boys [ 13 ], male homosexuals, and elderly men with indwelling urinary catheters [ 14 ]. It also can cause urethritis, epididimitis, prostatitis, and nephrolithiasis in men, and is relatively rare in hospitalized men [ 15 ]. In contrast, S. saprophyticus appears to be unusual in Israel. In a study performed 20 years ago [ 16 ], we did not find any cases of S. saprophyticus infection among 198 young women with acute UTI. In addition, only 103 (0.3%) of 35,580 and 88 (0.6%) of 15,206 urine cultures performed at 2 microbiological laboratories in Northern Israel that were positive for a pathogen yielded S. saprophyticus (unpublished data).
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#9_688775480
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: the organism has been isolated in young boys [ 13 ], male homosexuals, and elderly men with indwelling urinary catheters [ 14 ]. It also can cause urethritis, epididimitis, prostatitis, and nephrolithiasis in men, and is relatively rare in hospitalized men [ 15 ]. In contrast, S. saprophyticus appears to be unusual in Israel. In a study performed 20 years ago [ 16 ], we did not find any cases of S. saprophyticus infection among 198 young women with acute UTI. In addition, only 103 (0.3%) of 35,580 and 88 (0.6%) of 15,206 urine cultures performed at 2 microbiological laboratories in Northern Israel that were positive for a pathogen yielded S. saprophyticus (unpublished data). There is one puzzling report of the recovery of coagulase-negative staphylococci in 15.6% of young Israeli women with UTI who have been recently sexually active [ 17 ]. Unfortunately, the bacterial isolates were not further identified. These significant differences in incidence could be attributed to different techniques of sampling, delivery, culture, and interpretation of cultures used by different authors. Although S. saprophyticus mainly infects young women, other coagulase-negative staphylococci are usually isolated from hospitalized elderly patients with urinary indwelling catheters or other manipulations of the urinary tract. The main reason for this difference is the capacity of S. saprophyticus to adhere to the uroepithelial cells, and other coagulase-negative staphylococci have the ability to colonize indwelling catheters.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#12_688780680
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: The gastrointestinal tract is the major reservoir of S. saprophyticus. In an early study, Latham et al. [ 19] noted that rectal, vaginal, and urethral colonization of S. saprophyticus was associated with UTI caused by this organism. Rupp et al. [ 18] determined that the prevalence of colonization of S. saprophyticus of the urogenital tract among healthy women was 6.9%; the most common site of colonization was the rectum (40%). The urine sediment of a patient with UTI caused by S. saprophyticus has a characteristic microscopic appearance; methods of chemical screening for bacteriuria do not always succeed in diagnosing UTI caused by S. saprophyticus. Even when such an infection occurs in the bladder, comparatively low numbers of colony-forming units (⩽10 5 cfu/mL) are found in the bladder and voided urine. The American Society of Microbiology's Manual of Clinical Microbiology [ 20] recommends a cut-off value of between 10 2 and 10 5 cfu/mL for the diagnosis of significant bacteriuria, but there is not a worldwide consensus for these values.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#13_688782188
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: the most common site of colonization was the rectum (40%). The urine sediment of a patient with UTI caused by S. saprophyticus has a characteristic microscopic appearance; methods of chemical screening for bacteriuria do not always succeed in diagnosing UTI caused by S. saprophyticus. Even when such an infection occurs in the bladder, comparatively low numbers of colony-forming units (⩽10 5 cfu/mL) are found in the bladder and voided urine. The American Society of Microbiology's Manual of Clinical Microbiology [ 20] recommends a cut-off value of between 10 2 and 10 5 cfu/mL for the diagnosis of significant bacteriuria, but there is not a worldwide consensus for these values. Colonization is more frequent during the summer and fall. Hovelius et al. [ 21] showed that women with S. saprophyticus colonization were more likely to have had a symptomatic UTI during the previous 12 months, to have recently had a menstrual period, and to have had sexual intercourse concurrent with vaginal candidiasis than were women without colonization. None of the women developed symptomatic UTI during the next 6 months. Further support for the existence of a rectal reservoir was the isolation of the same plasmid-identified clone from both urine and stool samples [ 22 ].
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#14_688783908
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: Colonization is more frequent during the summer and fall. Hovelius et al. [ 21] showed that women with S. saprophyticus colonization were more likely to have had a symptomatic UTI during the previous 12 months, to have recently had a menstrual period, and to have had sexual intercourse concurrent with vaginal candidiasis than were women without colonization. None of the women developed symptomatic UTI during the next 6 months. Further support for the existence of a rectal reservoir was the isolation of the same plasmid-identified clone from both urine and stool samples [ 22 ]. The remarkable selective susceptibility of young women to colonization by S. saprophyticus is further emphasized by a study by Schneider and Riley [ 11 ]. They isolated the microorganism from the genital tracts of 4.6% of women aged 13–40 years, but not from older women or men. These observations are in accord with numerous clinical reports [ 9–17] that UTI caused by S. saprophyticus is associated with recent sexual intercourse and occurs more often during late summer and fall [ 19 ]. The microorganisms colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, particularly during the gastroenteritis season in the summer and fall, and this is probably the reason for this seasonal variation in the incidence of UTI caused by S. saprophyticus. However, there was no seasonal variation in Western Australia and Israel [ 11, 16 ].
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_360533356#15_688785769
Title: Who Are You—Staphylococcus saprophyticus? | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Who Are You— Staphylococcus saprophyticus? Published: Abstract Acknowledgments References Content: The remarkable selective susceptibility of young women to colonization by S. saprophyticus is further emphasized by a study by Schneider and Riley [ 11 ]. They isolated the microorganism from the genital tracts of 4.6% of women aged 13–40 years, but not from older women or men. These observations are in accord with numerous clinical reports [ 9–17] that UTI caused by S. saprophyticus is associated with recent sexual intercourse and occurs more often during late summer and fall [ 19 ]. The microorganisms colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, particularly during the gastroenteritis season in the summer and fall, and this is probably the reason for this seasonal variation in the incidence of UTI caused by S. saprophyticus. However, there was no seasonal variation in Western Australia and Israel [ 11, 16 ]. There is a strong association between the use of condoms coated with nonoxynol 9 and the occurrence of UTI [ 23 ], which suggests that vaginal spermicides interfere with the normal vaginal flora and promote colonization by S. saprophyticus. Other associations include outdoor swimming prior to colonization and occupations relate
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/40/6/896/347623
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_365221130#1_691709934
Title: Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections Published: Abstract Topic: Issue Section: PDF Content: 31 May 1983 Revision received: 12 October 1983 Published: 01 May 1984 PDF Split View Views Article contents Cite Cite Birgitta Hovelius, Per-Anders Mårdh, Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections, Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 6, Issue 3, May 1984, Pages 328–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/6.3.328 Select Format Select format .ris (Mendeley, Papers, Zotero) .enw (EndNote) .bibtex (BibTex) .txt (Medlars, RefWorks) Download citation Close Permissions Icon Permissions Share Email Twitter Facebook More Navbar Search Filter This issue All Clinical Infectious Diseases All IDSA Journals All Journals Mobile Microsite Search Term Search Sign In Register Close search filter This issue All Clinical Infectious Diseases All IDSA Journals All Journals search input Search Advanced Search Search Menu Abstract Until the last decade, coagulase-negative staphylococci occurring in urine specimens were usually regarded as a contaminant. In the early 1970s,Le., more than ten years after the original demonstration of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in urine specimens, this species became recognized as a frequent cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). In young women, S. saprophyticus is, after Escherichia coli, the second-most-frequent causative agent of acute UTI. Patients with UTI caused by S. saprophyticus usually present with symptomatic cystitis. Signs and symptoms of renal involvement are also often registered. The urine sediment of a patient with UTI caused by S. saprophyticus has a characteristic appearance microscopically. Chemical screening methods for bacteriuria do not always succeed in diagnosing UTI caused by S. saprophyticus.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/6/3/328/334522
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_365221130#2_691712190
Title: Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections Published: Abstract Topic: Issue Section: PDF Content: In young women, S. saprophyticus is, after Escherichia coli, the second-most-frequent causative agent of acute UTI. Patients with UTI caused by S. saprophyticus usually present with symptomatic cystitis. Signs and symptoms of renal involvement are also often registered. The urine sediment of a patient with UTI caused by S. saprophyticus has a characteristic appearance microscopically. Chemical screening methods for bacteriuria do not always succeed in diagnosing UTI caused by S. saprophyticus. Even when such an infection occurs above the neck of the bladder, low numbers of colonyforming units (<10 5 cfu/ml) of S. saprophyticus are comparatively often found in the bladder and voided urine. S. saprophyticus is usually susceptible to antibiotics commonly prescribed for patients with UTI, with the exception of nalidixic acid. The bacterium has a capacity for selective adherence to human urothelium. It causes direct hemagglutination. The adhesin for S. saprophyticus is a lactosamine structure.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/6/3/328/334522
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_365221130#3_691713721
Title: Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic Headings: Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a Common Cause of Urinary Tract Infections Published: Abstract Topic: Issue Section: PDF Content: Even when such an infection occurs above the neck of the bladder, low numbers of colonyforming units (<10 5 cfu/ml) of S. saprophyticus are comparatively often found in the bladder and voided urine. S. saprophyticus is usually susceptible to antibiotics commonly prescribed for patients with UTI, with the exception of nalidixic acid. The bacterium has a capacity for selective adherence to human urothelium. It causes direct hemagglutination. The adhesin for S. saprophyticus is a lactosamine structure. This staphylococcal species produces an extracellular enzyme complex that can inhibit growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Topic: antibiotics neck urinary tract infections adhesins, bacterial bacteriuria cystitis gram-negative bacteria gram-positive bacteria gram-positive bacterial infections gram-positive cocci gram-positive rods hemagglutination multienzyme complexes nalidixic acid staphylococcus urothelium infections bacteria urinary bladder kidney urine staphylococcus, coagulase negative urinary sediment escherichia coli urinary tract infection, acute staphylococcus saprophyticus chemical analysis Issue Section: Review Articles PDF This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 by The University of Chicago Download all slides Advertisement
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/6/3/328/334522
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_387420031#5_704448138
Title: Technology, war and the state: past, present and future | International Affairs | Oxford Academic Headings: Technology, war and the state: past, present and future Technology, war and the state: past, present and future Published: Abstract Subject Issue Section: Reconceptualizing war: the rise of post-modern war, 1945–1989 The persistence of post-modern war after the Cold War Post-modern war and the future of the state Conclusion Footnotes Author notes Content: 1 The article presents an alternative view of the war–state relationship in the post-Second World War era. It does not challenge the logic that the decline in war affected the war–state connection. 2 However, it does not see this change as evidence of atrophy. Instead, it demonstrates how the complexity of war after 1945 led to a deep but more subtle interaction, which had a profound effect on war, the state and society in the western world. While I do not challenge the premise that a range of factors played a role in shaping the connection between war and the state, the precise interaction and relative importance of these forces have altered over time, and this has caused the demands of war on the state to shift in significant ways. In the period under scrutiny in this article, I argue that the role of technology in war increased dramatically because of the nuclear revolution. In this setting, technological development reduced the opportunities for war, but the arms race it generated also brought into being new technologies, and these facilitated new forms of conflict. These developments affected our understanding of war's character and its interaction with the state. Military history provides a rich literature on war and technology, but its focus has tended to be on the importance of technology in helping militaries win wars. 3 In rarer cases, writers have sought to situate war within a broader technological, economic, social and cultural framework.
https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/95/4/765/5513164
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_403690788#2_714750280
Title: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption | Journal of Public Health | Oxford Academic Headings: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Published: Abstract Background Methods Results Conclusions Topic: Issue Section: Introduction Methods Data Statistical analysis Results Descriptive analysis Regression analysis Discussion Main finding of this study What is already known on this topic What this study adds Limitations of this study Conclusions Supplementary data Funding Acknowledgements References Supplementary data Content: Results Regression models show women who reported a lack of cooking skills were 10.4% less likely to meet the F&V recommendations ( P = 0.001). Not liking the taste of healthy foods or finding them too boring (10.2%, P = 0.022), preparation time (5.6%, P = 0.020) or willpower (3.0%, P = 0.021) were also significant. For men, reporting not liking the taste of healthy foods or finding them too boring (6.8%, P = 0.02) was the only significant result. Price, a commonly reported PBHE, was not significantly associated with F&V consumption. Conclusions Not all commonly reported perceived barriers to healthy eating are significantly associated with meeting the recommended F&V intake. fruit and vegetables, healthy diet, hedonics, perceived barriers, willpower Topic: diet food fruit health surveys taste perception vegetables volition public health medicine probit trial self control healthy diet health-related beliefs prevention self-report Issue Section: Original Article Introduction Improving population diet is a key public health target. Poor dietary intakes have been associated with higher risk of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and type 2 diabetes, which have large health and economic consequences. 1 James et al.
https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/39/2/330/3002965
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_403690788#5_714756898
Title: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption | Journal of Public Health | Oxford Academic Headings: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Published: Abstract Background Methods Results Conclusions Topic: Issue Section: Introduction Methods Data Statistical analysis Results Descriptive analysis Regression analysis Discussion Main finding of this study What is already known on this topic What this study adds Limitations of this study Conclusions Supplementary data Funding Acknowledgements References Supplementary data Content: 5 Perceptions are included within theoretical models used to explain health behaviours, such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour 6 and the Attitude, Social influence, Self-Efficacy model. 7 These models have been applied to food highlighting perceptions play an important role when explaining dietary choices. 8 Perceived barriers are a key component of the Health Belief Model; a model used to explain why individuals failed to adopt a preventative health measure. 9 A recent meta-analysis has shown perceived barriers and benefits were consistently the strongest predictor of whether an individual adopted a preventative health measure, such as to quit smoking, attend a screening programme, or increase calcium consumption. 10 Perceptions of foods can also influence dietary behaviour. Individuals perceive consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V) and meat to be important components of a healthy diet. 11 – 13 While most people are aware of what constitutes a healthy diet, surveys of dietary intakes show that many do not eat a diet that meets recommendations for health. 14 Kearney and McElhone investigated perceived barriers towards healthy eating (PBHE) by carrying out a survey in 15 EU member states, with ∼1000 adults from each member state. The most frequently reported perceived barriers were related to time, irregular working hours, and taste preferences.
https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/39/2/330/3002965
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_403690788#6_714759248
Title: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption | Journal of Public Health | Oxford Academic Headings: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Published: Abstract Background Methods Results Conclusions Topic: Issue Section: Introduction Methods Data Statistical analysis Results Descriptive analysis Regression analysis Discussion Main finding of this study What is already known on this topic What this study adds Limitations of this study Conclusions Supplementary data Funding Acknowledgements References Supplementary data Content: 10 Perceptions of foods can also influence dietary behaviour. Individuals perceive consumption of fruit and vegetables (F&V) and meat to be important components of a healthy diet. 11 – 13 While most people are aware of what constitutes a healthy diet, surveys of dietary intakes show that many do not eat a diet that meets recommendations for health. 14 Kearney and McElhone investigated perceived barriers towards healthy eating (PBHE) by carrying out a survey in 15 EU member states, with ∼1000 adults from each member state. The most frequently reported perceived barriers were related to time, irregular working hours, and taste preferences. 15 A qualitative study, with men of retirement age, reported poor cooking skills and low motivation to change dietary habits as the main perceived barriers to eating a healthy diet. 16 A more recent study, also with the retired age group, found an association between time-related perceived barriers, such as a busy lifestyle, and a more unhealthy diet amongst individuals of retired age. 17 The aim of this study, building on this previous research, is to investigate the relationship between reported PBHE and F&V consumption, in a general adult population. This study focuses on F&V consumption as an important component of a healthy diet, playing a protective role in the prevention of coronary heart disease 18 and a range of other diseases. 19 Methods Data This study used Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) data, a nationally representative survey of Scottish households selected by home postcode using a multi-stage stratified design ( n = 36 922).
https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/39/2/330/3002965
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_403690788#7_714761826
Title: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption | Journal of Public Health | Oxford Academic Headings: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Published: Abstract Background Methods Results Conclusions Topic: Issue Section: Introduction Methods Data Statistical analysis Results Descriptive analysis Regression analysis Discussion Main finding of this study What is already known on this topic What this study adds Limitations of this study Conclusions Supplementary data Funding Acknowledgements References Supplementary data Content: 15 A qualitative study, with men of retirement age, reported poor cooking skills and low motivation to change dietary habits as the main perceived barriers to eating a healthy diet. 16 A more recent study, also with the retired age group, found an association between time-related perceived barriers, such as a busy lifestyle, and a more unhealthy diet amongst individuals of retired age. 17 The aim of this study, building on this previous research, is to investigate the relationship between reported PBHE and F&V consumption, in a general adult population. This study focuses on F&V consumption as an important component of a healthy diet, playing a protective role in the prevention of coronary heart disease 18 and a range of other diseases. 19 Methods Data This study used Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) data, a nationally representative survey of Scottish households selected by home postcode using a multi-stage stratified design ( n = 36 922). 20 The survey excludes individuals living in institutions and households without a postcode. 20 Data are collected annually, and in this study data were pooled from 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. The survey is completed by all individuals in the household, with parents completing the survey for children up to the age of 12 years. The SHeS comprises several modules, some of which are only completed by a subsample of the respondents. The main survey includes questions about general health and well-being, F&V consumption, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity.
https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/39/2/330/3002965
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_403690788#9_714766527
Title: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption | Journal of Public Health | Oxford Academic Headings: Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Perceived barriers towards healthy eating and their association with fruit and vegetable consumption Published: Abstract Background Methods Results Conclusions Topic: Issue Section: Introduction Methods Data Statistical analysis Results Descriptive analysis Regression analysis Discussion Main finding of this study What is already known on this topic What this study adds Limitations of this study Conclusions Supplementary data Funding Acknowledgements References Supplementary data Content: All respondents complete the main survey ( n = 36 922) and a subsample complete the knowledge, attitudes and motivations (KAM) module ( n = 8404). The KAM module is completed by adults over 16 years of age and includes questions on PBHE. Participants are asked to select a maximum of 3 from a list of 13 PBHE that they think applied to them or choose ‘none’ as their response. In this study, to reduce multicollinearity amongst variables, the perceived barriers were reduced to nine binary variables by grouping those which were considered similar in nature, as shown in Table 1. Excluding observations with missing data, the final sample size was 8319. Table 1 Perceived barriers to healthy eating in the knowledge, attitudes and motivations module Grouping for analysis . Perceived barriers . Support from others Family discouraging or unsupportive Support from others Friends discouraging or unsupportive Support from others People at work discouraging or unsupportive Knowledge Not knowing what changes to make Cooking skills Not knowing how to cook more healthy foods Availability Lack of choice of healthy foods in canteens and restaurants Availability Lack of choice of healthy foods in places where you do your main shop Too Expensive Healthy foods are too expensive Preparation Time Healthy foods take too long to prepare Hedonics Healthy foods too boring Hedonics Don't like the taste/don't enjoy healthy foods Willpower Lack of willpower Other Barriers Other (e.g. shift work and lack of time) None None of these—nothing prevents me from eating more healthily Grouping for analysis . Perceived barriers . Support from others Family discouraging or unsupportive Support from others Friends discouraging or unsupportive Support from others People at work discouraging or unsupportive Knowledge Not knowing what changes to make Cooking skills Not knowing how to cook more healthy foods Availability Lack of choice of healthy foods in canteens and restaurants Availability Lack of choice of healthy foods in places where you do your main shop Too Expensive Healthy foods are too expensive Preparation Time Healthy foods take too long to prepare Hedonics Healthy foods too boring Hedonics Don't like the taste/don't enjoy healthy foods Willpow
https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/39/2/330/3002965
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_413548050#12_722107219
Title: Terrorism and counterterrorism: an overview | Oxford Economic Papers | Oxford Academic Headings: Terrorism and counterterrorism: an overview Terrorism and counterterrorism: an overview Published: Abstract Issue Section: 1. Introduction 2. On terrorism 2.1 Domestic versus transnational terrorism 2.2 Some historical considerations of transnational terrorism 3. Event data sets 4. Domestic and transnational terrorism: some data plots 5. Counterterrorism 6. Findings of the articles of the special issue 7. Concluding remarks Acknowledgements References Content: By limiting terrorism to subnational agents including individuals or a ‘lone wolf’, my definition rules out state terror in which a government terrorizes its own people. The definition, however, does not rule out state-sponsored terrorism where a government clandestinely assists a terrorist group through various means, including supplying weapons, safe haven, intelligence, training, funding, or safe passage ( Mickolus, 1989; Bapat, 2006 ). There was a lot of state sponsorship of terrorism during the final decade of the Cold War with groups such as the Abu Nidal Organization serving as a terrorist group for hire ( Hoffman, 2006 ). 2 The most controversial element of my definition is the victim, since some definitions exclude combatants, so that attacks against an occupying army, such as US forces in Iraq or Afghanistan, are not viewed as terrorism. Generally, an attack against peacekeepers, such as the 23 October 1983 suicide bombing of the US Marines barracks at Beirut International Airport, is considered an act of terrorism. The barracks’ bombing had the political objective of removing peacekeepers from Lebanon, which happened in February 1984. Attacks against US soldiers and their dependents stationed in Germany constitute terrorist incidents, because these targeted individuals were noncombatants when attacked. ‘ Audience’ refers to the collective that terrorists seek to intimidate through their wanton brutality. With sufficient and sustained intimidation, the audience will apply pressures on the besieg
https://academic.oup.com/oep/article/67/1/1/2913015
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#0_724250147
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Skip Nav Destination Article Navigation Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation Article Navigation The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Alison L. Chasteen, Alison L. Chasteen Address correspondence to Alison L. Chasteen, Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Norbert Schwarz, Norbert Schwarz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Denise C. Park Denise C. Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Volume 57, Issue 6, November 2002, Pages P540–P547, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.P540 Published: 01 November 2002 Article history Received: 11 December 2000 Accepted:
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#1_724251965
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Denise C. Park Denise C. Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Volume 57, Issue 6, November 2002, Pages P540–P547, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.P540 Published: 01 November 2002 Article history Received: 11 December 2000 Accepted: 21 March 2002 Published: 01 November 2002 PDF Split View Views Article contents Figures & tables Cite Cite Alison L. Chasteen, Norbert Schwarz, Denise C. Park, The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Volume 57, Issue 6, November 2002, Pages P540–P547, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.P540 Select Format Select format .ris (Mendeley, Papers, Zotero) .enw (EndNote) .bibtex (BibTex) .txt (Medlars, RefWorks) Download citation Close Permissions Icon Permissions Share Email Twitter Facebook More Navbar Search Filter This issue All The Journals of Gerontology: Series B All GSA Journals All Journals Mobile Microsite Search Term Search Sign In Register Close search filter This issue All The Journals of Gerontology: Series B All GSA Journals All Journals search input Search Advanced Search Search Menu Abstract The activation of ageism and aging stereotypes in younger and older adults was investigated by manipulating both the valence and the stereotypicality of trait stimuli.
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#2_724254177
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: 21 March 2002 Published: 01 November 2002 PDF Split View Views Article contents Figures & tables Cite Cite Alison L. Chasteen, Norbert Schwarz, Denise C. Park, The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, Volume 57, Issue 6, November 2002, Pages P540–P547, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.6.P540 Select Format Select format .ris (Mendeley, Papers, Zotero) .enw (EndNote) .bibtex (BibTex) .txt (Medlars, RefWorks) Download citation Close Permissions Icon Permissions Share Email Twitter Facebook More Navbar Search Filter This issue All The Journals of Gerontology: Series B All GSA Journals All Journals Mobile Microsite Search Term Search Sign In Register Close search filter This issue All The Journals of Gerontology: Series B All GSA Journals All Journals search input Search Advanced Search Search Menu Abstract The activation of ageism and aging stereotypes in younger and older adults was investigated by manipulating both the valence and the stereotypicality of trait stimuli. Participants completed a lexical decision task in which the stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) between the prime and target stimuli were varied to examine the effects of automatic and controlled processing (300 and 2,000 ms, respectively). Both younger and older adults demonstrated strong stereotype activation for elderly stereotypes but relatively weak activation for young stereotypes. Both younger and older adults also demonstrated a positive bias toward older people, which was not moderated by SOA. These findings suggest that younger and older adults do not differ in their accessibility to aging stereotypes or to their age-based biases, which appear to be positive toward elderly people. Issue Section:
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#3_724256726
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Participants completed a lexical decision task in which the stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) between the prime and target stimuli were varied to examine the effects of automatic and controlled processing (300 and 2,000 ms, respectively). Both younger and older adults demonstrated strong stereotype activation for elderly stereotypes but relatively weak activation for young stereotypes. Both younger and older adults also demonstrated a positive bias toward older people, which was not moderated by SOA. These findings suggest that younger and older adults do not differ in their accessibility to aging stereotypes or to their age-based biases, which appear to be positive toward elderly people. Issue Section: Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience. —Ronald Reagan, 1984 presidential debate against Walter Mondale When we think about age, we often do so in terms of how we feel toward older adults. As Ronald Reagan demonstrated so adroitly, however, age is a two-way street.
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#4_724258610
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience. —Ronald Reagan, 1984 presidential debate against Walter Mondale When we think about age, we often do so in terms of how we feel toward older adults. As Ronald Reagan demonstrated so adroitly, however, age is a two-way street. When we investigate people's age-related attitudes, it is important to examine attitudes toward both young and old. Although younger adults' attitudes toward older people have received considerable attention, less is known about older adults' attitudes toward young people. The present study addresses this gap by examining both younger and older adults' accessibility of attitudes toward and stereotypes of both age groups. Most studies of age-related attitudes and stereotyping have relied on self-report questionnaires, often referred to as explicit measures (for recent reviews, see Crockett & Hummert, 1987; Hummert, 1999;
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#5_724260408
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: When we investigate people's age-related attitudes, it is important to examine attitudes toward both young and old. Although younger adults' attitudes toward older people have received considerable attention, less is known about older adults' attitudes toward young people. The present study addresses this gap by examining both younger and older adults' accessibility of attitudes toward and stereotypes of both age groups. Most studies of age-related attitudes and stereotyping have relied on self-report questionnaires, often referred to as explicit measures (for recent reviews, see Crockett & Hummert, 1987; Hummert, 1999; Hummert, Shaner, & Garstka, 1995; Kite & Johnson, 1988 ). In general, this research has suggested that people's perceptions of elderly adults are mixed. People associate both positive and negative traits with older people as a group, although there tend to be more negative trait associations than positive ones ( Hummert et al., 1995 ).
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#6_724262130
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Hummert, Shaner, & Garstka, 1995; Kite & Johnson, 1988 ). In general, this research has suggested that people's perceptions of elderly adults are mixed. People associate both positive and negative traits with older people as a group, although there tend to be more negative trait associations than positive ones ( Hummert et al., 1995 ). Research on the cognitive organization of traits has shown there are multiple stereotypes or subcategories of elderly people, some positive and some negative ( Brewer, Dull, & Lui, 1981; Hummert, Garstka, Shaner, & Strahm, 1994; Schmidt & Boland, 1986 ). Finally, Hummert and colleagues (1994) found a fair degree of overlap in the organization of the subcategories across young, middle-aged, and older adults, although elderly people had the most complex representations of older people, followed by middle-aged and young adults. Thus, research using explicit measures has shown that aging stereotypes are complex, with both positive and negative traits and subtypes being associated with elderly people.
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#7_724263930
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Research on the cognitive organization of traits has shown there are multiple stereotypes or subcategories of elderly people, some positive and some negative ( Brewer, Dull, & Lui, 1981; Hummert, Garstka, Shaner, & Strahm, 1994; Schmidt & Boland, 1986 ). Finally, Hummert and colleagues (1994) found a fair degree of overlap in the organization of the subcategories across young, middle-aged, and older adults, although elderly people had the most complex representations of older people, followed by middle-aged and young adults. Thus, research using explicit measures has shown that aging stereotypes are complex, with both positive and negative traits and subtypes being associated with elderly people. As for attitudes toward older people, the literature has suggested that perceptions of elderly individuals as a group are more negative compared with perceptions of young or middle-aged adults, although ratings of older people rarely fall at the negative end of most scales ( Crockett & Hummert, 1987; Lutsky, 1980 ). Perceptions of elderly individuals, however, tend to be as positive as perceptions of younger adults, and when age differences are observed those differences have been inconsistent in favoring either age group ( Hummert et al., 1995 ). Hummert and her colleagues ( Crockett & Hummert, 1987;
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#8_724266001
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: As for attitudes toward older people, the literature has suggested that perceptions of elderly individuals as a group are more negative compared with perceptions of young or middle-aged adults, although ratings of older people rarely fall at the negative end of most scales ( Crockett & Hummert, 1987; Lutsky, 1980 ). Perceptions of elderly individuals, however, tend to be as positive as perceptions of younger adults, and when age differences are observed those differences have been inconsistent in favoring either age group ( Hummert et al., 1995 ). Hummert and her colleagues ( Crockett & Hummert, 1987; Hummert et al., 1995) contended that this inconsistency between attitudes toward elderly individuals versus older people as a group might be due to the multiple stereotypes of older adults that people hold. Compatible with this assumption, research on ambivalent stereotypes suggests that attitudes toward elderly people may be marked by both positive and negative perceptions ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ). Fiske and colleagues proposed that people's attitudes toward different groups are driven by their perceptions of a group's competence and warmth. These perceptions lead people to place most groups into one of two categories: (
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#9_724268007
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Hummert et al., 1995) contended that this inconsistency between attitudes toward elderly individuals versus older people as a group might be due to the multiple stereotypes of older adults that people hold. Compatible with this assumption, research on ambivalent stereotypes suggests that attitudes toward elderly people may be marked by both positive and negative perceptions ( Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002 ). Fiske and colleagues proposed that people's attitudes toward different groups are driven by their perceptions of a group's competence and warmth. These perceptions lead people to place most groups into one of two categories: ( a) groups they respect for their competence but dislike for their lack of warmth or (b) groups they disrespect for their incompetence but like and patronize for their warmth. It is this second category of groups under which elderly people fall. Fiske and associates found that groups that were similar in terms of perceived frailty (e.g., disabled people, elderly people) were clustered together with regard to perceived incompetence and warmth. In combination, these lines of research suggest that when people think of the concept old, positive associations might be just as likely to come to mind as negative associations. As with other domains of stereotyping (e.g., race, gender), using explicit measures of age-based attitudes and stereotyping can pose problems because participants may be unaware of their beliefs and sentiments or reluctant to reveal any negativity they might feel ( Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, & Williams, 1995;
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_416574018#13_724277411
Title: Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults | The Journals of Gerontology: Series B | Oxford Academic Headings: The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults The Activation of Aging Stereotypes in Younger and Older Adults Published: Abstract Issue Section: Methods Overview Participants and Design Stimuli Procedure Results Explicit Aging Attitude Measure Implicit Measure Age-Based Stereotyping Age-Based Prejudice Discussion Automatic Stereotyping Automatic Prejudice Appendix Notes References Content: Perdue and Gurtman concluded from these results that there is an automatic ageism that influences the way people process trait information. Hence, subliminal presentation of the word old facilitated the processing of negative trait information, and subliminal presentation of the word young facilitated the processing of positive information. Perdue and Gurtman suggested that labeling a person as old could automatically activate primarily negative constructs that might then be applied in evaluating that individual. Unfortunately, the interpretation of this study is hampered by Perdue and Gurtman's (1990) selection of personality traits. Intending to examine age-based prejudice, the authors selected extremely positive or negative traits from Anderson's (1968) list of trait valence ratings, but did not consider the issue of trait stereotypicality (i.e., trait descriptiveness). As a result, their stimulus set overrepresented positive traits that have been shown to be more descriptive of younger adults than older adults (e.g., studious, tolerant). Conversely, their set of negative traits overrepresented traits that have been shown to be more descriptive of older adults (e.g., stubborn, forgetful). Because of this confound of valence and stereotypicality, it is unclear whether Perdue and Gurtman's (1990) findings are due solely to age-based prejudice, to the differential stereotypicality of the selected positive (young) and negative (old
https://academic.oup.com/psychsocgerontology/article/57/6/P540/669611
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_420775199#5_726851080
Title: management of hypertensive disease in Black patients | QJM: An International Journal of Medicine | Oxford Academic Headings: The management of hypertensive disease in Black patients The management of hypertensive disease in Black patients Published: Abstract Introduction Incidence and complications Pathophysiology Non-pharmacological management Sodium restriction Weight control Alcohol Exercise Pharmacological management Diuretics Beta-blockers Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Calcium channel-blockers Alpha-blockers Angiotensin receptor antagonists Recommendations References J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Content: 2 In addition, there is a greater tendency to develop left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); Black patients with mild hypertension have a two-fold higher prevalence of LVH when compared to non-Blacks with comparable blood pressure levels. 3 Despite an increased prevalence of both hypertension and diabetes, 4 the overall risk of coronary artery disease in the Black male population, in Europe, in the Caribbean and to a lesser extent in North America, is lower than in White males. 5 By contrast, Indo-Asians have an excess prevalence of coronary artery disease. This contrast may be due to a multitude of reasons, although many of the traditional risk factors do not fully explain the ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and stroke. One reason however may be the more favourable lipid profiles, seen particularly in Black males, with higher high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and lower plasma triglycerides. 5 The increased frequency of cerebrovascular disease, renal complications and cardiac hypertrophy in Black patients may be related to a higher incidence of severe hypertension, including malignant hypertension. The West Birmingham Malignant Hypertension Register, for example, revealed that there was an excess of Black patients with malignant hypertension, who also had higher blood pressures and more severe renal impairment at presentation; such patients had a poorer overall median survival and an increased rate of progression to dialysis. 6 Thus, Black patients with malignant hypertension did not do worse simply because they were Black, but they appeared to have poorer blood pressure control and more complications, such as renal damage.
https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/92/4/187/1586498
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_422263411#16_727858870
Title: Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years | Rheumatology | Oxford Academic Headings: Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years Published: Abstract Topic: Issue Section: Methods Results ( Table 1) Patient demographics Associations Concomitant drugs Dosing issues Severity of pancytopenia Discussion References Email alerts Citing articles via Content: 1 77/F 7.5 mg, 6 months oral (severe) Moribund, sepsis Renal impairment, low albumin Thyroxine, folic acid, fluoxetine, frusemide, cocodamol, temazepam Blood transfusion, folinic acid; died 2 76/M 7.5 mg, 12 months oral (not severe) Blood monitoring Peptic ulcer Codydramol Recovered 3 74/M 7.5 mg, 36 months oral (not severe) Blood monitoring Didronel PMO, folic acid Recovered 4 73/F 7.5 mg, 48 months oral (not severe) Blood monitoring sepsis, heart failure, pneumonia Low folate, raised MCV, raised LFT Lansoprazole, amitriptyline, celecoxib, thyroxine, oxybutinin, coproxamol Blood transfusion, folinic acid; recovered 5 69/M 7.5 mg, 36 months oral (not severe) Blood monitoring Folic acid, Didronel PMO, aspirin Recovered 6 71/M 10 mg, 48 months oral (severe) Malaena, sepsis, bleeding gums, mucositis Low albumin Prednisolone, glipizide, felodipine, bisoprolol, digoxin, warfarin, lisinopril, cocodamol Blood, platelet transfusion GCSF, folinic acid; died 7 69/M 12.5 mg, 24 months oral (not severe) Dyspnoea, lethargy blood monitoring Low albumin Calcichew, aspirin, prednisolone, frusemide, alendronate, mesalazine, folinic acid Folinic acid, AML; died 8 74/F 20 mg, 96 months oral (severe) Sepsis, mucositis Infected hip prosthesis low albumin Thyroxine, prednisolone, oxytetracycline, coproxamol, fusidic acid Folinic acid, Blood transfusion; died 9 78/M 12.5 mg, 11 months oral (severe) Blood monitoring, epistaxis Low folate renal impairment Nizatidine, indoramin, diltiazem, Asasantin Retard, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide Blood transfusion folinic acid; recovered 10 24/F 20 mg, 24 months oral (severe) Epistaxis, PV bleed, purpura Hepatic steatosis, anorexia, low albumin Folic acid, loratidine, prednisolone, alendronate, coproxamol Folinic acid; recovered 11 83/F 7.5 mg, 36 months s.c. ( not severe) Mucositis, epistaxis, foll pamidronate Low albumin glomerulo-nephritis Atenolol, coamilofruse, doxazosin, folic acid, amlodipine Folinic acid; recovered 12 84/F 10 mg, 48 months oral (not severe) Blood monitoring Raised MCV Nifedipine, folic acid, meloxicam, frusemide Recovered 13 69/M 12.5 mg, 47 months oral (not severe) Mucositis, epistaxis sepsis Renal impairment, low albumin, Septrin Folic acid, Septrin, prednisolone, risedronate, atenolol, felodipine Folinic acid, blood transfusion;
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/44/8/1051/2891445/Methotrexate-induced-pancytopenia-serious-and
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_422263411#17_727862166
Title: Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years | Rheumatology | Oxford Academic Headings: Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years Methotrexate-induced pancytopenia: serious and under-reported? Our experience of 25 cases in 5 years Published: Abstract Topic: Issue Section: Methods Results ( Table 1) Patient demographics Associations Concomitant drugs Dosing issues Severity of pancytopenia Discussion References Email alerts Citing articles via Content: died 9 78/M 12.5 mg, 11 months oral (severe) Blood monitoring, epistaxis Low folate renal impairment Nizatidine, indoramin, diltiazem, Asasantin Retard, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide Blood transfusion folinic acid; recovered 10 24/F 20 mg, 24 months oral (severe) Epistaxis, PV bleed, purpura Hepatic steatosis, anorexia, low albumin Folic acid, loratidine, prednisolone, alendronate, coproxamol Folinic acid; recovered 11 83/F 7.5 mg, 36 months s.c. ( not severe) Mucositis, epistaxis, foll pamidronate Low albumin glomerulo-nephritis Atenolol, coamilofruse, doxazosin, folic acid, amlodipine Folinic acid; recovered 12 84/F 10 mg, 48 months oral (not severe) Blood monitoring Raised MCV Nifedipine, folic acid, meloxicam, frusemide Recovered 13 69/M 12.5 mg, 47 months oral (not severe) Mucositis, epistaxis sepsis Renal impairment, low albumin, Septrin Folic acid, Septrin, prednisolone, risedronate, atenolol, felodipine Folinic acid, blood transfusion; recovered 14 83/F 10 mg, 93 months oral (not severe) Angina Low albumin Folic acid, frusemide, alendronate Folinic acid, AML; died 15 61/F 20 mg, 60 months oral (severe) Epistaxis, mucositis, cellulitis Raised MCV, low albumin, daily MTX Risedronate, Calcichew, pantoprazole Folinic acid; recovered 16 68/F 12.5 mg, 24 months oral (not severe) Blood monitoring Raised MCV, low albumin Premarin, aspirin Recovered 17 82/F 12.5 mg, 120 months oral (not severe) Mucositis Low folate Lisinopril, digoxin, amiodarone, frusemide, lansoprazole, Calcichew, alendronate, iron Recovered 18 82/F 10 mg, 87months s.c. ( severe) Sepsis, pneumonia Renal impairment, low albumin Perindopril, frusemide Blood transfusion folinic acid; recovered 19 82/F 10 mg, 78 months oral (not severe) Sepsis Low albumin, raised MCV, renal impairment Prednisolone, celecoxib, alendronate, lisinopril, bendrofluazide Folinic acid;
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/44/8/1051/2891445/Methotrexate-induced-pancytopenia-serious-and
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_422553685#2_728060695
Title: Dysphagia and other manifestations of oesophageal involvement in the musculoskeletal diseases | Rheumatology | Oxford Academic Headings: Dysphagia and other manifestations of oesophageal involvement in the musculoskeletal diseases Dysphagia and other manifestations of oesophageal involvement in the musculoskeletal diseases Published: Abstract Introduction Involvement of the oesophagus in musculoskeletal diseases Investigation of oesophageal dysfunction Autoimmune diseases Scleroderma Eosinophilic fasciitis Sjögren's syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies Mixed connective tissue disease Rheumatoid arthritis Vasculitis Behçet's disease Other systemic vasculitides Inherited disorders of connective tissue Other systemic rheumatic diseases Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis Inflammatory bowel disease Disorders of the cervical spine Complications of anti-rheumatic therapy Treatment Conclusion Acknowledgements References Email alerts Citing articles via Content: Dysphagia, Oesophageal function, Connective tissue diseases, Cervical spine, Treatment Topic: deglutition disorders connective tissue diseases esophageal diseases esophageal dysphagia autoimmunity musculoskeletal diseases esophagus Issue Section: Reviews Introduction Oesophageal dysfunction can occur in a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions. Symptoms include dysphagia, odynophagia and heartburn. The oesophagus connects the pharynx opposite the sixth cervical vertebra to the cardia, slightly to the left of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. It is fixed above by the cricoid cartilage and below by the diaphragm, the upper end being closed by the pharyngo–oesophageal sphincter and the lower end by the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). The muscular coat has outer longitudinal and inner circular layers with Auerbach's plexus in between. Both muscle layers are striated in the upper portion of the oesophagus. At the initiation of swallowing, food is moved voluntarily from the mouth to the pharynx, triggering a primary peristaltic wave in the pharynx and causing the upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) to relax, allowing the food to enter the oesophagus. Direct stimulation of the oesophagus incites secondary peristalsis which propels the contents forwards to the stomach, usually assisted by gravity.
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/47/6/746/1785361
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_428841467#5_735316294
Title: Great Service Matters: Students and Staff are the Most Important Stakeholders and Customers on Campus Headings: Great Service Matters Great Service Matters Monday, August 13, 2012 Students and Staff are the Most Important Stakeholders and Customers on Campus Content: And they are doing just that because we do not position them as our most important customers. In fact, after six years of attending college, only just over 50% actually graduate from the school they started at. Fifty percent leave and most of them leave because we do not treat them as valued customers. And of the fifty percent which is the national average 76% of them leave specifically for customer service issues ranging from poor service to poor scheduling. While we have a chance, let’s settle an issue once and not for all I am sure. Students are customers. They satisfy a basic economic definition of a customer. They provide payment for services offered by the school. Not always all the services that are promised. Not always services that are done well.
https://academicmaps.blogspot.com/2012/08/students-and-staff-are-most-important.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_428841467#6_735317548
Title: Great Service Matters: Students and Staff are the Most Important Stakeholders and Customers on Campus Headings: Great Service Matters Great Service Matters Monday, August 13, 2012 Students and Staff are the Most Important Stakeholders and Customers on Campus Content: Students are customers. They satisfy a basic economic definition of a customer. They provide payment for services offered by the school. Not always all the services that are promised. Not always services that are done well. But they pay money for services and that makes them a customer. And a customer is someone who exchanges money for goods or services. Call them clients if you will. Call them students if you want but that does not change the fact that they are customers. Nor does it change the reality that they see themselves more and more as customers who are paying the bills.,
https://academicmaps.blogspot.com/2012/08/students-and-staff-are-most-important.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_428841467#7_735318619
Title: Great Service Matters: Students and Staff are the Most Important Stakeholders and Customers on Campus Headings: Great Service Matters Great Service Matters Monday, August 13, 2012 Students and Staff are the Most Important Stakeholders and Customers on Campus Content: But they pay money for services and that makes them a customer. And a customer is someone who exchanges money for goods or services. Call them clients if you will. Call them students if you want but that does not change the fact that they are customers. Nor does it change the reality that they see themselves more and more as customers who are paying the bills., And that makes them demand more and more from a campus community that is too often reluctant to provide the services and hospitality the customers are paying for. Students are our business; our primary business. And they are thus our primary customers. Staff are the next most important stakeholders in customer service.
https://academicmaps.blogspot.com/2012/08/students-and-staff-are-most-important.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_434533138#1_747552738
Title: Why is the ACA so controversial? – The Affordable Care Act Headings: Why is the ACA so controversial? Why is the ACA so controversial? Why has a healthcare law with the simple purpose of reducing healthcare spending in the U.S., the highest in the world, been so controversial? Conservative Disagreement Individual Mandate Contraceptive Access Delayed Employer Mandate Healthcare.gov Cancel reply Content: Additionally, they believe the implementation of Obamacare would be overstepping the federal government’s bounds. Individual Mandate The most controversial part about the ACA is its “individual mandate” that requires all Americans to purchase health insurance or to pay an annual fine. Many states found this unconstitutional, and five major court rulings were made about the individual mandate. Four of them passed the individual mandate as constitutional but one of them, which was led by Florida amongst 25 other states, found it unconstitutional and referred it to the higher courts and became the National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. In June 2012, the National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius upheld the individual mandate as constitutional. The Supreme Court’s justification was that the government had the ability to regulate taxation and since not purchasing healthcare only meant paying more tax, the ACA was constitutional. Contraceptive Access One of the policies of the ACA was requiring employers to guarantee health insurance to women that would include obtaining birth control. However, in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby 2014, the Supreme Court ruled against this provision and allowed Hobby Lobby, a Christian chain of hobby shops to not have to follow this provision; basically, the health insurance they provide does not have to include birth control. Delayed Employer Mandate Moderate conservatives have voiced concerns over the fact that the ACA allows employers to delay implementing provisions by a year (2015/2016) but individuals are not allowed to do the same.
https://acahealthcare.wordpress.com/key-questions/why-was-the-aca-constitutionally-controversial/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_434788004#0_747940237
Title: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce - Acapulcos Headings: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce Origins of Salsa Salsa Develops in the United States Salsa Grows in Popularity Salsa Today Content: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce - Acapulcos Blog Chili Peppers Recipes The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce Posted November 30, 2015 Acapulcos Admin One of the best things about any party is the inevitable bowl of chips and the little containers of goodness surrounding it. In these containers is our favorite salsa dips. This little bowls might mild, spicy hot, green, black bean, avocado, fruit, or any of the many other variations of the delicious dip. If you go to a Mexican restaurant you will probably get more than your fair share of chips and salsa, and you’ll be glad you did. Origins of Salsa The origins of Salsa (which literally means sauce in Spanish) can be traced as far back as the civilizations of the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. The Spaniards first recorded encountering salsa around in the early 1500s. However the inhabitants of Central America had been mixing up their favorite salsa dishes for many centuries before that. The Aztecs were one of the first peoples to domesticate the tomato. Their original sauces were a mix of chiles, tomatoes, squash, and beans, among other indigents. The Aztecs passed these traditions on to later cultures in Central America and eventually the United States.
https://acapulcos.net/the-history-of-salsa-and-hot-sauce/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_434788004#1_747941878
Title: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce - Acapulcos Headings: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce Origins of Salsa Salsa Develops in the United States Salsa Grows in Popularity Salsa Today Content: The Spaniards first recorded encountering salsa around in the early 1500s. However the inhabitants of Central America had been mixing up their favorite salsa dishes for many centuries before that. The Aztecs were one of the first peoples to domesticate the tomato. Their original sauces were a mix of chiles, tomatoes, squash, and beans, among other indigents. The Aztecs passed these traditions on to later cultures in Central America and eventually the United States. Salsa Develops in the United States In 1807, the first bottled hot sauces made their appearance in Massachusetts. This first sauces were based on Cayenne chiles. In 1868, Tabasco sauce made its debut performance on a small Island a little west of New Orleans. Around the turn of the century cookbooks are reported to have published recipes for salsa and competitors in the hot sauce market began arising. In 1948, Texas became the home to the first salsa manufacturing site in the United States.
https://acapulcos.net/the-history-of-salsa-and-hot-sauce/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_434788004#2_747943261
Title: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce - Acapulcos Headings: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce Origins of Salsa Salsa Develops in the United States Salsa Grows in Popularity Salsa Today Content: Salsa Develops in the United States In 1807, the first bottled hot sauces made their appearance in Massachusetts. This first sauces were based on Cayenne chiles. In 1868, Tabasco sauce made its debut performance on a small Island a little west of New Orleans. Around the turn of the century cookbooks are reported to have published recipes for salsa and competitors in the hot sauce market began arising. In 1948, Texas became the home to the first salsa manufacturing site in the United States. Salsa Grows in Popularity Salsa really started taking off in the 1980s. In fact, between the years 1985 and 1990, salsa sales increased seventy-nine percent. The momentum increased as 36 percent of American households were buying salsa in 1992 (up from 16% in 1988). The increase in popularity of Mexican restaurants and cantinas which always have salsa have helped in become a household item. Salsa Today Now salsa is one of the most popular condiments along with ketchup, mustard, and mayonnaise.
https://acapulcos.net/the-history-of-salsa-and-hot-sauce/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_434788004#3_747944676
Title: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce - Acapulcos Headings: The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce The History of Salsa and Hot Sauce Origins of Salsa Salsa Develops in the United States Salsa Grows in Popularity Salsa Today Content: Salsa Grows in Popularity Salsa really started taking off in the 1980s. In fact, between the years 1985 and 1990, salsa sales increased seventy-nine percent. The momentum increased as 36 percent of American households were buying salsa in 1992 (up from 16% in 1988). The increase in popularity of Mexican restaurants and cantinas which always have salsa have helped in become a household item. Salsa Today Now salsa is one of the most popular condiments along with ketchup, mustard, and mayonnaise. You can find it in any store and almost every home. One of the great things about salsa is that it is fun to make yourself (as opposed to ketchup and mayonnaise, neither of which is fun to make yourself). Here are a few fun recipes to try out like our homemade chips and salsa, our fresh salsa recipe, and our vegetarian taco salsa. If reading about the history of salsa is enough to make you hungry, you are in luck. For some of the best chips and salsa around, come check out Acapulcos Mexican Restaurant and Cantina in one of our many different locations across Massachusetts and Connecticut!
https://acapulcos.net/the-history-of-salsa-and-hot-sauce/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_435152534#13_748398028
Title: Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Examples Headings: Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Examples Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Examples What is Descriptive Research Design The 3 Basic Types of Descriptive Research Methods 1. Observational Method 2. Case Study Method 3.Survey Method What are advantages and Disadvantages of Descriptive Research? Let’s start with Advantages of Descriptive Research: Now bad things or Disadvantages in Descriptive Research: Content: Also, this method has serious problems – expectancy effects and atypical individuals. Expectancy effects mean that a researcher can have his own beliefs and expectations that can influence the whole results. What else, it can lead to misrepresenting in participant’s descriptions. Also, if you choose atypical individuals, it can lead to strange or even poor results which will not make your research very productive. 3.Survey Method This method includes answering questions through interviews or questionnaires. After participants of the survey answer them, you, as a researcher, have to describe all answers. Also, while you make questions make sure they are clear and understandable. So, finally, you know How to Write a Descriptive Research Design but also don’t forget that the main and whole idea of descriptive research methods is to DESCRIBE things or observations but not to make any summaries. And sadly, but in many studies, researchers forget this fundamental thing and start suggesting and demonstrating own thoughts without any scientific background. And seriously, nothing could be worse than this.
https://acasestudy.com/descriptive-research-design-definition-methods-and-examples/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_435152534#15_748401640
Title: Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Examples Headings: Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Examples Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Examples What is Descriptive Research Design The 3 Basic Types of Descriptive Research Methods 1. Observational Method 2. Case Study Method 3.Survey Method What are advantages and Disadvantages of Descriptive Research? Let’s start with Advantages of Descriptive Research: Now bad things or Disadvantages in Descriptive Research: Content: What are advantages and Disadvantages of Descriptive Research? Let’s start with Advantages of Descriptive Research: It is effective while analyzing non-quantified topics and issues. It is a good chance to describe the phenomena in its natural environment without changing anything. You spend much less time on consuming here than in any other quantitative experiments. Now bad things or Disadvantages in Descriptive Research: These studies cannot make statistics and verify them. Most of the descriptive studies cannot be repeated, as they have observational nature. Also, if you want you may visit our site to see more descriptive research examples.
https://acasestudy.com/descriptive-research-design-definition-methods-and-examples/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_435467481#8_749064024
Title: Exploratory Research Design: Definition, Types and Ways to Implement Headings: Exploratory Research Design: Definition, Types and Ways to Implement Exploratory Research Design: Definition, Types and Ways to Implement What is Exploratory Research? Types of Exploratory Research Advantages and Disadvantages of Exploratory Research Content: it can be characterized by specificity, target nature and controllability of information gathering processes. As for disadvantages, they are: exploratory research generally utilizes small sample sizes and, thus, findings are typically not generalizable to the population at large; the exploratory nature of the research inhibits an ability to make definitive conclusions about the findings. They provide insight but not definitive conclusions; the research process underpinning exploratory studies is flexible but often unstructured, leading to only tentative results that have limited value to decision-makers; design lacks rigorous standards applied to methods of data gathering and analysis because one of the areas for exploration could be to determine what method or methodologies could best fit the research problem. Consequently, exploratory research designs, unlike the descriptive research or casual, are often used to establish an understanding of how best to proceed in studying an issue or what methodology would effectively apply to gathering information about the issue.
https://acasestudy.com/the-purpose-of-exploratory-research-design/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_442764910#25_763268169
Title: 25 Unhelpful thinking styles and how to change them - Access CBT Headings: 25 Unhelpful Thinking styles in Depression and Anxiety 25 Unhelpful Thinking styles in Depression and Anxiety CBT for Depression EMDR and CBT for PTSD & Trauma CBT for Anxiety CBT for Social Anxiety Anger Management CBT for OCD Attachment Focused EMDR Online EMDR Therapy Content: Cognitive Dissonance. This is when we will rigidly hold onto a belief despite significant evidence to the contrary being available. The more the belief is challenged, the more rigidly we will hold onto it. Can often maintain arguments and disputes. “I know you’ve been driving for 15 years, but women are still worse drivers than men. Stop, take a minute. Look at the point you are holding on to. Is it accurate? What is the evidence to support your belief and what is the evidence against it? If it’s inaccurate, then what would be the absolute worst thing that would happen if you changed your belief? (
https://accesscbt.co.uk/resources/articles/25-unhelpful-thinking-styles-and-how-to-change-them/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_453113118#1_784529184
Title: 5 Reasons why study of Business Environment is Important Headings: 5 Reasons why study of Business Environment is Important 5 Reasons why study of Business Environment is Important Importance of the Study of Business Environment Image: Importance of the Study of Business Environment 1. Successful Conduct of Business 2. Opening of New Avenues 3. Dynamism in Approach 4. Chances for Growth 5. Control over Environment Content: Control over Environment Importance of the Study of Business Environment A proper understanding of the environment is very essential for the business executive to achieve success in his business. Image: Importance of the Study of Business Environment Failure to understand the environmental factors for business shall create number of problems, which in fact are difficult to solve. It will reduce the profit margin and will make the opportunities for expansion to slip. But a proper appreciation of the environmental factors will bring many benefits. They are as follows: 1. Successful Conduct of Business The business executive can successfully conduct the business operation. Since chances for losses are minimized, the firm can withstand in the long run, widen its financial base and face competition more effectively. All these finally lead the business venture to a grand success.
https://accountlearning.com/5-reasons-study-business-environment-important/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_453113118#2_784530712
Title: 5 Reasons why study of Business Environment is Important Headings: 5 Reasons why study of Business Environment is Important 5 Reasons why study of Business Environment is Important Importance of the Study of Business Environment Image: Importance of the Study of Business Environment 1. Successful Conduct of Business 2. Opening of New Avenues 3. Dynamism in Approach 4. Chances for Growth 5. Control over Environment Content: They are as follows: 1. Successful Conduct of Business The business executive can successfully conduct the business operation. Since chances for losses are minimized, the firm can withstand in the long run, widen its financial base and face competition more effectively. All these finally lead the business venture to a grand success. 2. Opening of New Avenues Environment opens fresh avenues for the expansion of new entrepreneurial operations. When the business climate is favorable, new ideas, schemes and ventures may be put into action. The firm can utilize its resources advantageously and derive the maximum benefits. 3.
https://accountlearning.com/5-reasons-study-business-environment-important/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_453347466#10_785283811
Title: Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Headings: Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Agricultural Goods – Meaning, Characteristics, Problems faced Characteristics of Agricultural Goods Problems faced in the production of Agricultural goods 1. Seasonal production 2. Difficult to control production 3. Difficult to control quality and quantity of output 4. Long waiting period 5. Loss of crops due to pests and animals 6. Loss of production due to litigation 7. Small-scale production 8. Use of primitive techniques of production 9. Ignorance of the producers 10. Lack of collective bargaining Content: Loss of crops due to pests and animals The crops need to be protected from pests and animals. Every year, farmers suffer heavy loss of revenue due to crop loss caused by the activities of pests, insects and animals. To protect their crops, farmers, therefore, use pesticides, insecticides and so on. They also use electrical fences to safeguard their crops from cows, elephants and other animals. 6. Loss of production due to litigation Another peculiar problem in agricultural production is that there is always litigation between the farmers over the land territory and other such issues. As a result, they may have to spend lot of time, money and efforts to win legal battles. This affects the time available for production and thereby affects output. 7. Small-scale production In India, the number of small and marginal farmers is larger than the number of big landlords.
https://accountlearning.com/agricultural-goods-characteristics-problems-faced-in-production/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_453347466#11_785285661
Title: Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Headings: Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Agricultural Goods – Meaning, Characteristics, Problems faced Characteristics of Agricultural Goods Problems faced in the production of Agricultural goods 1. Seasonal production 2. Difficult to control production 3. Difficult to control quality and quantity of output 4. Long waiting period 5. Loss of crops due to pests and animals 6. Loss of production due to litigation 7. Small-scale production 8. Use of primitive techniques of production 9. Ignorance of the producers 10. Lack of collective bargaining Content: Loss of production due to litigation Another peculiar problem in agricultural production is that there is always litigation between the farmers over the land territory and other such issues. As a result, they may have to spend lot of time, money and efforts to win legal battles. This affects the time available for production and thereby affects output. 7. Small-scale production In India, the number of small and marginal farmers is larger than the number of big landlords. The small and marginal farmers hardly own a few acres of land. The quantity of output they turn out is hardly sufficient for their family needs. In fact, most of these people produce for their families rather than for the market. 8. Use of primitive techniques of production In developed countries, agriculture gets the same importance that the industry gets.
https://accountlearning.com/agricultural-goods-characteristics-problems-faced-in-production/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_453347466#12_785287471
Title: Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Headings: Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Agricultural Goods | Characteristics | Problems faced in Production Agricultural Goods – Meaning, Characteristics, Problems faced Characteristics of Agricultural Goods Problems faced in the production of Agricultural goods 1. Seasonal production 2. Difficult to control production 3. Difficult to control quality and quantity of output 4. Long waiting period 5. Loss of crops due to pests and animals 6. Loss of production due to litigation 7. Small-scale production 8. Use of primitive techniques of production 9. Ignorance of the producers 10. Lack of collective bargaining Content: The small and marginal farmers hardly own a few acres of land. The quantity of output they turn out is hardly sufficient for their family needs. In fact, most of these people produce for their families rather than for the market. 8. Use of primitive techniques of production In developed countries, agriculture gets the same importance that the industry gets. But in India, although industrial development has reached a significant level, agriculture still remains a neglected sector. The farmers follow the conventional methods of production which affect the yield. They do not have access to the latest machines and equipment because they cannot afford to have these. 9. Ignorance of the producers Producers of consumer and industrial goods have greater awareness than the producers of agricultural goods.
https://accountlearning.com/agricultural-goods-characteristics-problems-faced-in-production/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_453536029#12_785947293
Title: Capitalistic System | Meaning | Features of Capitalistic Economy Headings: Capitalistic System | Meaning | Features of Capitalistic Economy Capitalistic System | Meaning | Features of Capitalistic Economy Meaning of Capitalistic System Capitalistic System – Meaning, Features Features of Capitalistic economy 1. System of Private Property 2. Profit Motive 3. Economic freedom 4. Perfect Competition According to George Halm, perfect competition 5. Consumer’s Sovereignty 6. Role of Price Mechanism 7. The Role of the Government 8. Prevalence of two classes Content: Further it leads to maximum efficiency. Perfect competition, theoretically, is the essence of free capitalism and competition has a special role to perform in capitalistic society. The larger the competition the lesser will be the profits and all excess profits, will be wiped off when competition is keener. Only normal profits which are considered as remuneration for managerial labour would exist. From the consumers’ point of view that serves as a regulator in prices keeping the prices at the lowest possible level. From the economic point of view, it drives every one to be efficient and economic, avoiding wastage. Perfect competition is indispensable for the efficient working of the free economy which is unplanned and uncontrolled. According to George Halm, perfect competition guarantees the constant supply of those energies without which the unplanned economy could not work properly. Without the protection through competition, the capitalist economy would become stagnant, unproductive and exploitative. But in practice, free and perfect competition may not exist.
https://accountlearning.com/capitalistic-system-meaning-features-capitalistic-economy/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_453536029#13_785949183
Title: Capitalistic System | Meaning | Features of Capitalistic Economy Headings: Capitalistic System | Meaning | Features of Capitalistic Economy Capitalistic System | Meaning | Features of Capitalistic Economy Meaning of Capitalistic System Capitalistic System – Meaning, Features Features of Capitalistic economy 1. System of Private Property 2. Profit Motive 3. Economic freedom 4. Perfect Competition According to George Halm, perfect competition 5. Consumer’s Sovereignty 6. Role of Price Mechanism 7. The Role of the Government 8. Prevalence of two classes Content: From the economic point of view, it drives every one to be efficient and economic, avoiding wastage. Perfect competition is indispensable for the efficient working of the free economy which is unplanned and uncontrolled. According to George Halm, perfect competition guarantees the constant supply of those energies without which the unplanned economy could not work properly. Without the protection through competition, the capitalist economy would become stagnant, unproductive and exploitative. But in practice, free and perfect competition may not exist. It will be mostly imperfect competition, if not complete monopoly in many spheres of economic activities. 5. Consumer’s Sovereignty Utilization of resources, technique of production, output in a capitalistic economy depend on the impersonal force of consumer’s demand. Hence a consumer is considered a King under capitalism. This sovereign extends his survey in all economic activities by exercising his choice.
https://accountlearning.com/capitalistic-system-meaning-features-capitalistic-economy/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_462644704#0_804235409
Title: Headings: Election Integrity Content: Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement — Skip to content. | Skip to navigation Subscribe to the ACE Newsletter Search Site Advanced Search… English Español Home Encyclopaedia Comparative Data Electoral Materials Support and Advice Regions & Countries About ACE Personal tools Log in Practitioners' Network You are here: Home → ACE 1.0 → Administration and Cost of Elections Project → Election Integrity → Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Info Your are currently reading the archived ACE Encyclopaedia Version 1.0 The new, significantly extended and updated ACE Encyclopaedia is Version 2.0. Access Electoral Integrity in ACE 2.0 Election Integrity Election Integrity Election Integrity Overview Guiding Principles Administrative Considerations Cost Considerations Social and Political Context Special Considerations in Countries in Transition Historical Review Additional Resources Policy Principles Ethical Behaviour Fair Process Accountability Monitored and Enforced Legal Framework Constitution Legislation Regulations Codes of Conduct/Ethics Institutional Framework Electoral Policy Body Electoral Management Body Oversight Agencies Political Party Organizations Interest Group Organizations Independent Observers Media Enforcement Agencies Integrity in Election Administration Election Management Budget Staffing and Recruitment Procurement Voting System Districting Calendar Voter Registration Registration by Mail Avoiding Voter Registration Fraud Party Registration Candidate Registration Accrediting Observers Electoral Campaign Access to Media Voter Education Ballots Voting Secrecy Access Security Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Police, and those in law enforcement involved in election security, hold a position of public trust. Their fundamental duties are to protect lives and property and to ensure that laws are enforced. In most countries operating under the rule of law, the public expects the police to be impartial, fair and responsible in the enforcement of public order and the laws of the country. These principles should be reflected in the institutional values of the law enforcement agencies, such as this one from the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation: Rigorous obedience to constitutional principles ensures that individually and institutionally we always remember that constitutional guarantees are more important than the outcome of any single interview, search for evidence or investigation. Respect for the dignity of all whom we protect reminds us to wield law enforcement powers with restraint and to recognize the natural human tendency to be corrupted by power and to become callous in its exercise. Fairness and compassion ensure that we treat everyone with the highest regard for constitution, civil and human rights.
https://aceproject.org/main/english/ei/eie12c1.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_462644704#1_804238504
Title: Headings: Election Integrity Content: In most countries operating under the rule of law, the public expects the police to be impartial, fair and responsible in the enforcement of public order and the laws of the country. These principles should be reflected in the institutional values of the law enforcement agencies, such as this one from the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation: Rigorous obedience to constitutional principles ensures that individually and institutionally we always remember that constitutional guarantees are more important than the outcome of any single interview, search for evidence or investigation. Respect for the dignity of all whom we protect reminds us to wield law enforcement powers with restraint and to recognize the natural human tendency to be corrupted by power and to become callous in its exercise. Fairness and compassion ensure that we treat everyone with the highest regard for constitution, civil and human rights. Personal and institutional integrity reinforce each other and are owed to the Nation in exchange for the sacred trust and great authority conferred upon us. We who enforce the law must not merely obey it. We have an obligation to set a moral example which those whom we protect can follow. 199 Most police systems use a code of ethics for the conduct of the police officers and others involved in law enforcement. These codes are usually binding and include:
https://aceproject.org/main/english/ei/eie12c1.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_462644704#2_804240102
Title: Headings: Election Integrity Content: Personal and institutional integrity reinforce each other and are owed to the Nation in exchange for the sacred trust and great authority conferred upon us. We who enforce the law must not merely obey it. We have an obligation to set a moral example which those whom we protect can follow. 199 Most police systems use a code of ethics for the conduct of the police officers and others involved in law enforcement. These codes are usually binding and include: respect for the constitutional and civil rights of all persons; obeying the laws of the country and the regulations of the police department; impartial and professional behaviour and action; not allowing personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence a decision; being honest and not using the office for personal or partisan benefit, refusing personal rewards and gratuities for official conduct;
https://aceproject.org/main/english/ei/eie12c1.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_462644704#3_804241200
Title: Headings: Election Integrity Content: respect for the constitutional and civil rights of all persons; obeying the laws of the country and the regulations of the police department; impartial and professional behaviour and action; not allowing personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence a decision; being honest and not using the office for personal or partisan benefit, refusing personal rewards and gratuities for official conduct; respecting the confidentiality of the office and the information gathered on citizens; enforcing the law courteously and appropriately; not intimidating citizens or suspects, using self-restraint and watching out for the welfare of others; never using excessive force or violence; compassion and fairness;
https://aceproject.org/main/english/ei/eie12c1.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_467346679#1_811637284
Title: How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual's Mental Health? - Achieve TMS Headings: How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual’s Mental Health? How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual’s Mental Health? How Does a Pandemic Affect Mental Health? How to Manage Stress and Anxiety During a Pandemic How to Manage Stress and Anxiety When Practicing Social Distancing Author: Achieve TMS Content: How Does a Pandemic Affect Mental Health? Along with a physical health crisis, a pandemic can lead to an uptick in stress and anxiety and put extreme duress on mental wellbeing. Once a pandemic occurs, people may become increasingly concerned about getting infected with a disease. In the case of COVID-19, government officials have recommended social distancing to help stop the spread of the coronavirus. Yet, social distancing can lead to emotional distancing and may cause some people to separate themselves from others altogether. When this happens, people may feel exceedingly isolated and trapped, leading to severe depression, anxiety, and stress, and feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and emptiness. A pandemic can also result in widespread panic and fear. People may stockpile non-perishable foods, clean drinking water, and other emergency supplies. This can lead to shortages of items at convenience stores and supermarkets, as well as an increase in stress and anxiety as people become overly concerned about these shortages. The uncertainty around when a pandemic will end can severely affect a population’s mental health as well.
https://achievetms.com/how-can-a-pandemic-affect-an-individuals-mental-health/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_467346679#2_811639039
Title: How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual's Mental Health? - Achieve TMS Headings: How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual’s Mental Health? How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual’s Mental Health? How Does a Pandemic Affect Mental Health? How to Manage Stress and Anxiety During a Pandemic How to Manage Stress and Anxiety When Practicing Social Distancing Author: Achieve TMS Content: When this happens, people may feel exceedingly isolated and trapped, leading to severe depression, anxiety, and stress, and feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and emptiness. A pandemic can also result in widespread panic and fear. People may stockpile non-perishable foods, clean drinking water, and other emergency supplies. This can lead to shortages of items at convenience stores and supermarkets, as well as an increase in stress and anxiety as people become overly concerned about these shortages. The uncertainty around when a pandemic will end can severely affect a population’s mental health as well. A pandemic may seem endless, and the longer it persists, the more severe its impact on a population’s mental health can be. If people try to ignore the stress and anxiety they experience during a pandemic; their symptoms may escalate over time. As a result, these people may be susceptible to stress and anxiety that causes fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and other physical side effects. For people who already had a mental health diagnosis such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) prior to the coronavirus pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 can be even more acute.
https://achievetms.com/how-can-a-pandemic-affect-an-individuals-mental-health/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_467346679#3_811640902
Title: How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual's Mental Health? - Achieve TMS Headings: How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual’s Mental Health? How Can a Pandemic Affect An Individual’s Mental Health? How Does a Pandemic Affect Mental Health? How to Manage Stress and Anxiety During a Pandemic How to Manage Stress and Anxiety When Practicing Social Distancing Author: Achieve TMS Content: A pandemic may seem endless, and the longer it persists, the more severe its impact on a population’s mental health can be. If people try to ignore the stress and anxiety they experience during a pandemic; their symptoms may escalate over time. As a result, these people may be susceptible to stress and anxiety that causes fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and other physical side effects. For people who already had a mental health diagnosis such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) prior to the coronavirus pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 can be even more acute. Existing symptoms such as hopelessness, suicidality, or persistent anxiety and sadness may get worse during these trying times. How to Manage Stress and Anxiety During a Pandemic Unfortunately, there may be no stopping stress and anxiety during a pandemic, but there are things that people can do to manage the symptoms associated with them. Acknowledging stress and anxiety provides a great starting point to help manage these issues. If people can identify the warning signs of stress and anxiety in themselves, they can then take safe, effective steps to cope with their symptoms. When stress and anxiety occur, it may be helpful to take a few deep breaths to calm down.
https://achievetms.com/how-can-a-pandemic-affect-an-individuals-mental-health/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_468232188#5_813576115
Title: Peer Mentoring | Headings: PEER MENTORING PEER MENTORING ACI’s Peer Mentoring operates as follows: The 11 ACI Peer Mentoring campuses in 2020-21 are: You can provide critical support to ACI’s Peer Mentoring with a targeted gift to Associated Colleges of Illinois: Did You Know? Content: Although nearly 70 percent of U.S. high school seniors enroll in college within two years of high school graduation, only about 57 percent complete degrees within six years. Outcomes for minority students are even less encouraging: Only 36 percent of black young adults and 43 percent of Latinos who enroll in college complete degree programs in a timely fashion. Poverty affects educational outcomes even more than race. Students from the highest income families are almost eight times as likely as those from the lowest income families to earn a bachelor’s degree by age 24. Illinois’ educational attainment gap is one of the nation’s worst. Of 100 Illinois students who enter 9th grade, only 76 graduate from high school, 42 enter college, and only 28 remain in college beyond freshman year. Illinois’ white students are 28 percent more likely to go to college than blacks or Latinos. College participation for Illinois’ low-income students has dropped 5 percent in the past 10 years. Only 52 percent of Chicago Public Schools alumni go on to college, most who do choose colleges mismatched to their academic profiles and with poor retention rates.
https://acifund.org/peer-mentoring-program/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_473959873#0_824451764
Title: Is Capella University Respected by Employers? – College Reality Check Headings: Is Capella University Respected by Employers? Is Capella University Respected by Employers? Capella University is Regionally Accredited Cost-Effective Education Not a Diploma Mill Acceptance Rate Some Notable Alumni Before You Go to the School Content: Is Capella University Respected by Employers? – College Reality Check College Spotlights Is Capella University Respected by Employers? By Ryan Smith April 22, 2021 There are many reasons why some people choose to go to online schools. One of those is for them to get their degrees at their own pace. Another is for them to have better jobs. However, there is a stigma attached to degrees from online schools. This is why some employers may not respect or honor them. Many online schools are running these days, and one of them is Capella University. Its name is one of those that are usually brought up when people are talking about their online school options. Although it is quite well-known, some cannot help but wonder whether or not it’s a real school that is offering programs that employers will take seriously.
https://acollegekid.com/capella-university/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_473959873#1_824453108
Title: Is Capella University Respected by Employers? – College Reality Check Headings: Is Capella University Respected by Employers? Is Capella University Respected by Employers? Capella University is Regionally Accredited Cost-Effective Education Not a Diploma Mill Acceptance Rate Some Notable Alumni Before You Go to the School Content: However, there is a stigma attached to degrees from online schools. This is why some employers may not respect or honor them. Many online schools are running these days, and one of them is Capella University. Its name is one of those that are usually brought up when people are talking about their online school options. Although it is quite well-known, some cannot help but wonder whether or not it’s a real school that is offering programs that employers will take seriously. So, is Capella University respected by employers? Capella University is very well respected by employers, especially those who know that not all online schools are diploma mills. The online school is regionally accredited. It means that its programs and degrees are recognized as they meet standards, just like most traditional schools. Many online schools have campuses and learning centers.
https://acollegekid.com/capella-university/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_473959873#12_824470819
Title: Is Capella University Respected by Employers? – College Reality Check Headings: Is Capella University Respected by Employers? Is Capella University Respected by Employers? Capella University is Regionally Accredited Cost-Effective Education Not a Diploma Mill Acceptance Rate Some Notable Alumni Before You Go to the School Content: What’s more, they think that obtaining a degree online is free of trouble. They believe that it’s nothing like getting a degree in the traditional way in which a student will have to work hard for two or four years. Well, no one can blame some employers for not taking online degrees seriously. However, it’s because it is very much likely that what they have in their minds are diploma mills and not online schools with accreditation, just like traditional schools. Not a Diploma Mill On the internet, there are websites that people can visit if they want to get their hands on degrees. They are referred to as diploma mills. Also, sometimes known as degree mills, these are businesses whose products are degrees in exchange for money. There are a couple of things that you have to know about diploma mills: The degrees that they offer are meaningless. Diploma mills offer degrees that sound legit.
https://acollegekid.com/capella-university/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_493233480#4_862432515
Title: EMTALA - What does EMTALA stand for? The Free Dictionary Headings: EMTALA EMTALA Feedback Flashcards & Bookmarks ? References in periodicals archive ? Acronyms browser ? Full browser ? Content: Solving Surprise Medical Billing Office of Inspector General penalties resulting from EMTALA violations involving psychiatric emergencies, Dr. Psychiatric cases tied to 20% of EMTALA violations Providers who aren't obligated to treat a patient under EMTALA could force patients to go to another provider, come back when they have insurance that is accepted at the facility or require payment upfront for services. Reimbursement sent to patients cheats providers: When checks are mailed to patients, consider the money lost (58) See Harris Meyer, Why Patients Still Need EMTALA, MOD. EXECUTIVE DYNAMISM IN HEALTHCARE: A RICH HISTORY OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH AND ITS USE OF POWER IN PUBLIC HEALTH AND ACCESS TO CARE INITIATIVES As a consequence of the tremendous economic pressure resulting from legislation such as the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act ( EMTALA ), "which requires hospitals to provide care to anyone needing emergency healthcare treatment, regardless of citizenship, legal status, or ability to pay" (12), many medical facilities have been forced to "reduce staff, eliminate services, and some have actually gone bankrupt and discontinued service" (13). The impact of undocumented immigrants on the healthcare infrastructure of the United States Based in Kirkland's New York office, Allon's clients include a health care consulting company and its officers and directors in shareholder class actions and in regulatory and Congressional inquiries regarding HIPAA, EMTALA and FDCPA issues; pharmaceutical companies involved in ongoing products liability litigation; and a competitive energy provider in connection with the successful defense against a hostile tender offer launched by a competitor. Kirkland's Allon helps lead BMC Delaware Chancery Court win ( EMTALA) resonates with that service duty, as do several Medicine as a public calling The same ED bound by Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act ( EMTALA) laws to provide a screening exam or face penalties. The precarious peril of pay for performance A federal law, The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act ( EMTALA ), was established to ensure anyone coming to an emergency department is stabilized and treated, regardless of insurance status or ability to pay.
https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/EMTALA
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_495317568#0_866794568
Title: FRA - What does FRA stand for? The Free Dictionary Headings: FRA FRA References in periodicals archive ? Acronyms browser ? Full browser ? Content: FRA - What does FRA stand for? The Free Dictionary FRA Also found in: Dictionary, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia . Category filter: Show All (70) Most Common (0) Technology (8) Government & Military (27) Science & Medicine (10) Business (18) Organizations (18) Slang / Jargon (5) Acronym Definition FRA Federal Railroad Administration (US DoT) FRA France FRA Financial Reporting and Analysis FRA Framingham (Amtrak station code; Framingham, MA) FRA Fire Risk Assessment (various organizations) FRA Frater (Latin: brother) FRA Franklin Road Academy (Nashville, Tennessee) FRA Fundamental Rights Agency (EU) FRA Försvarets Radioanstalt (Swedish: Defense Radio Establishment) FRA Forward Rate Agreement FRA Fisheries Research Agency (Japan) FRA Fugitive Recovery Agent FRA Forward Rate Agreements FRA Full Rate Access FRA Franconian (linguistics) FRA Fleet Reserve Association FRA Full Retirement Age (SSA) FRA Functional Risk Assessment (product development) FRA Flood Risk Assessment FRA Flash Recovery Area (programming) FRA Forest Resources Association (Rockville, MD) FRA Frequency Response Analysis FRA Fire and Rescue Authorities (UK emergency services) FRA Ferengi Rules of Acquisition (Star Trek) FRA Fiscal Responsibility Act FRA Family Relations Act (Canada) FRA Fixed Radio Access FRA Flight Refuelling Aircraft (Indian Air Force) FRA Florida Redevelopment Association FRA Florida Restaurant Association (now Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association) FRA Forward Repair Activity FRA Fund for Rural America FRA Front Range Airport FRA First Responder - Awareness (hazardous materials) FRA Frente Radical Alfarista (Spanish: Radical Alfarista Front, Ecuador) FRA Financial Responsibility Act FRA Forestry Reclamation Approach FRA Fredericksburg Regional Alliance FRA Federal Register Act FRA Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (Batavia, IL) FRA Maintaining Financial Records and Preparing Accounts (business education) FRA Federal Reimbursement Allowance FRA Frankfurt, Germany - Frankfurt International (Airport Code) FRA Final Repair Account FRA Future Rockstars of America FRA Frost Resistance Aura (gaming, World of Warcraft) FRA Fire Resistance Aura (gaming, World of Warcraft) FRA False River Academy (Louisiana) FRA Flap Retraction Altitude (aviation) FRA Foundation Repair Association (construction) FRA Fixed Resource Allocation FRA Faculty Research Associate FRA Forward/Future Rate Agreement FRA Fast Rate Adaptation FRA Flame Resistant Apparel FRA Funded Reimbursement Authority FRA Florida Rehabilitation Association FRA Flexible Resource Allocation FRA Federal Recovery Administration FRA Federal Radio Act FRA Folded Reflector Antenna FRA Fuel Rack Actuator FRA Flexible Retirement Annuity FRA Functional Requirements Allocation FRA Fan, Return Air FRA Foreign Registered Agent FRA Funded-Reimbursable Reimbursement Authority FRA Force Reconnaissance Association FRA Fleet Research Assist FRA Fuze Removal Adapter Copyright 1988-2018 AcronymFinder.com, All rights reserved. Suggest new definition Want to thank TFD for its existence?
https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/FRA
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_495317568#2_866801746
Title: FRA - What does FRA stand for? The Free Dictionary Headings: FRA FRA References in periodicals archive ? Acronyms browser ? Full browser ? Content: Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: References in periodicals archive ? The inspector general's report found that the FRA independently investigated less than 1 percent of all train accidents and grade-crossing collisions from 2000 to 2004. Report blows the whistle on lax federal oversight of railroad accidents Following Corella, Fra Giovanni was regularly referred to as a pictor angelicus, a designation evoking the great Dominican doctor angelicus, St. Amazing grace: Stephen J. Campbell on Fra Angelico In reviewing the proposal under the Bank Merger Act and section 9 of the FRA, the Board has carefully considered the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the companies and depository institutions involved in the proposal and certain other supervisory factors. Orders issued under Bank Merger Act FRA also boasts the largest extended catchment area of any European airport--more than 35 million inhabitants within a 200km radius of FRA. Intermodal strategy Sunday: S Grosjean ( Fra) v A Roddick (USA), followed by A Clement ( Fra) v J Blake (USA). Tennis:
https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/FRA
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_495317568#3_866803244
Title: FRA - What does FRA stand for? The Free Dictionary Headings: FRA FRA References in periodicals archive ? Acronyms browser ? Full browser ? Content: Stephen J. Campbell on Fra Angelico In reviewing the proposal under the Bank Merger Act and section 9 of the FRA, the Board has carefully considered the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the companies and depository institutions involved in the proposal and certain other supervisory factors. Orders issued under Bank Merger Act FRA also boasts the largest extended catchment area of any European airport--more than 35 million inhabitants within a 200km radius of FRA. Intermodal strategy Sunday: S Grosjean ( Fra) v A Roddick (USA), followed by A Clement ( Fra) v J Blake (USA). Tennis: Order of play In the third part of her book, "Art and Religion in Renaissance Florence," Holmes evaluates three of Fra Filippo's altarpieces from the decade of the 1440s as "case studies" of how the patron's desires determined the imagery and how its public understood it. Fra Filippo Lippi the Carmelite Painter. ( Reviews) The FRA also found that Union Pacific routinely violates the already onerous 12-hour work limit -- often keeping workers on duty for up to 17 hours at a stretch. The case for more regulation A L Richardson (GB) bt J Viloca (Spain) 6-3 3-6 6-4 2-6 6-2, W Ferreira (SA) bt R Gilbert ( Fra) 7-6 (7-5) 4-6 6-3 3-6 9-7, R Krajicek (Hol) bt A Pavel (Rom) 3-6 6-4 6-7 (4-7) 6-3 6-3. DAY SIX SCORES The FRA rejected last week ADM's bid of EGP 50 per share, which in turn had come to counter Cairo Three A's initial offer of EGP 45 per share.
https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/FRA
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_503323292#0_883256624
Title: MENC - What does MENC stand for? The Free Dictionary Headings: MENC MENC References in periodicals archive ? Acronyms browser ? Full browser ? Content: MENC - What does MENC stand for? The Free Dictionary MENC Acronym Definition MENC National Association for Music Education (formerly Music Educators National Conference) MENC Music Educators National Conference MENC Mensa of Eastern North Carolina (Local Group #275 of American Mensa, Ltd.) MENC Minimum Energy Network Connectivity Copyright 1988-2018 AcronymFinder.com, All rights reserved. Suggest new definition Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: References in periodicals archive ? Vikki Mitchell and Paul Gott saw ninemonth-old daughter Kia lose all four limbs when she contracted MenC in September last year - three months before she would have got the NHS Hib/ MenC jab. No child's life should have a price put on it; MUM'S PLEA FOR VACCINATIONS AFTER MENINGITIS B DEATH Vikki Mitchell and Paul Gott saw nine-month-old daughter Kia lose all four limbs when she contracted MenC in September last year -- three months before she would have got the NHS Hib/MenC jab. Mum who lost daughter to meningitis B slams Tories for risking 11 million kids' lives to save money;
https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/MENC
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_511113948#3_899238990
Title: Pulse oximetry - How is Pulse oximetry abbreviated? Headings: POx Feedback Flashcards & Bookmarks ? References in periodicals archive ? Acronyms browser ? Full browser ? Content: References in periodicals archive ? A recent review undertaken by NHS England recommended to the UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC) against using pulse oximetry as an additional test in the newborn and infant physical exam (NIPE). Serious heart conditions not detected because of lack of pulse oximetry testing In the USA, where pulse oximetry screening is routine, death from critical heart defects has been reduced by one third in babies offered the screening. Peace of mind for every new parent Nonetheless, it can also be measured by pulse oximetry . [ 1] Pulse oximetry is normally used for checking SpO [sub]2 and is very useful in rural communities or developing countries. [ 2] Normal pulse oximetry readings range from 95% to 100% at the sea level. [ 2] SpO [sub]2 can be defined as the fraction of SpO [sub]2 hemoglobin to that of total hemoglobin in the blood. [ 3] Pulse oximetry is used in determining the percentage of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood. [ 3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] The pulse oximeter consists of a small device which sticks to the body such as a finger, earlobe, or foot and shows its readings through wireless. Do anthropometrical indices correlate with pulse oximetry among children attending a private hospital in Enugu?
https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Pulse+oximetry
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_532691370#5_942126748
Title: High Performing Teams: What Are They and How Do I Build One? · Blog · ActiveCollab Headings: High Performing Teams: What Are They and How Do I Build One? High Performing Teams: What Are They and How Do I Build One? Creating a high-performing team The Big Book of Team Culture Common characteristics of a high-performing team High-performing team model Final words Make Real Work Happen! Content: Therefore, while cohesion is crucial for high-performance teamwork, it has to be carefully managed and regularly offset by the input of ideas from outside sources. Coach the team as a team, not as a group of individuals Usually, human resource departments focus solely on individual skill development, rather than the growth of a team. This approach will not get you a high-performing team, but a drastically inferior high-performing group. Mike Levison has a few recommendations: Have regular one-on-one meetings with your team members. Use them to discuss an individual’s habits and behaviors and how they affect the team. You should hold these meetings off-site, where no other members can eavesdrop. If you’re dealing with less confident team members, ask for written feedback instead. Provide thoughtful feedback on small but important things, like the way the individual in question faces other members, how much they interrupt others, and how well they listen. You are a leader, so be an example of the behavior you expect everyone to follow.
https://activecollab.com/blog/collaboration/high-performing-teams
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_532730217#13_942241402
Title: What Is Teamwork Actually? · Blog · ActiveCollab Headings: What Is Teamwork Actually? What Is Teamwork Actually? The Big Book of Team Culture Six key attributes of successful teamwork Commitment to team success Interdependence Interpersonal skills Open communication Appropriate team composition Commitment to team leadership and accountability Advantages of Teamwork Increased efficiency Complement each other’s strengths Innovation through constructive conflict Less employee turnover Workforce flexibility Disadvantages of Teamwork Groupthink Complex process Conflict Evaluating an individual’s contribution "Analysis paralysis" Make Real Work Happen! Content: However, if their desires, preferences, and behavioral styles are too far apart, communication is constantly poor and there is a lot of uncertainty during cooperation, that team is destined to fail. Evaluating an individual’s contribution Since the team has shared responsibility, it is very difficult to determine if an individual has performed above or under expectations. Sometimes, this issue can result in employee dissatisfaction: if the individual has over-performed, they will be unhappy because they haven’t been rewarded properly; if they have underperformed, their teammates will be discontent and might mutiny against their lack of contribution and extra work they have to handle. There is NO proper method to measure an individual’s performance in the team, which is why many companies are using 360 reviews. "Analysis paralysis" Analysis paralysis occurs when a situation is overanalyzed to the point where a person cannot make a decision nor take action. A sudden stop in decision-making can cost your company time, money, and, in certain cases, even reputation. In well-balanced and functional teams it doesn’t and shouldn’t occur often, but when it does - it should be resolved as quickly as possible. So what is teamwork actually?
https://activecollab.com/blog/collaboration/what-is-teamwork-actually
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_534305719#2_946152001
Title: Emancipation Proclamation Headings: Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation Overview Key Lecture Points Exploration Questions Reflective Questions More to Explore Books For Further Reading Content: Meanwhile, politically powerful interests in slave holding Union states, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware, threatened to leave the Union if Lincoln freed the slaves. As the War progressed, Lincoln came to see Emancipation as both a political and military strategy. To free the slaves in rebellious territories would take a crucial labor force from the Confederacy and bring it to the Union. After an indecisive but crucial battle at Antietam, Lincoln used the moment to issue the Emancipation Proclamations on September 22, 1862. This first Proclamation was an ultimatum to the South that as of January 1, 1863 all slaves in any areas under rebellion would be freed. The second Emancipation Proclamation was indeed issued on January 1, 1863 and completed the promise by freeing all slaves in all rebellious areas. The proclamation exempted the Border States and areas already under Union Control. It also said that African Americans would be able to serve in the Union military. The Emancipation Proclamation was a major turning point in the Civil War in that it changed the aim of the war from preserving the Union to being a fight for human freedom, shifted a huge labor force that could benefit the Union war effort from the South to the North and forestalled the potential recognition of the Confederacy by England or France. The Emancipation Proclamation was a major step on the path to the abolition of slavery that started with the slaves taking the initiative to escape from their owners in the first days of the war and was completed with the ratification of the 13th Amendment.
https://activeminds.com/topics/Emancipation_Proclamation.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_534305719#3_946154005
Title: Emancipation Proclamation Headings: Emancipation Proclamation Emancipation Proclamation Overview Key Lecture Points Exploration Questions Reflective Questions More to Explore Books For Further Reading Content: The second Emancipation Proclamation was indeed issued on January 1, 1863 and completed the promise by freeing all slaves in all rebellious areas. The proclamation exempted the Border States and areas already under Union Control. It also said that African Americans would be able to serve in the Union military. The Emancipation Proclamation was a major turning point in the Civil War in that it changed the aim of the war from preserving the Union to being a fight for human freedom, shifted a huge labor force that could benefit the Union war effort from the South to the North and forestalled the potential recognition of the Confederacy by England or France. The Emancipation Proclamation was a major step on the path to the abolition of slavery that started with the slaves taking the initiative to escape from their owners in the first days of the war and was completed with the ratification of the 13th Amendment. After the Emancipation Proclamation African Americans’ aspirations changed from not just wanting freedom to wanting full citizenship and equality, a promise that wouldn’t be fully realized until the 1960s Civil Rights Movement. Exploration Questions Describe the key elements of the Emancipation Proclamation. How is it different from the 13th Amendment? What role did each document play in ending slavery? Describe the political, military and moral consequences of the Emancipation Proclamation.
https://activeminds.com/topics/Emancipation_Proclamation.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_538510431#0_956157259
Title: 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names - Actually Good Team Names Headings: 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names How to Create a Good Mental Health Group Name Content: 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names - Actually Good Team Names 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names Cathy Desmet | Verified & Updated 12/29/2020 Whether you’re attending a mental health conference, creating a therapy group, forming a support group, or naming a new advocacy group, it’s important to find a name that reflects your team or group’s purpose in a way that is sensitive to people with mental health struggles. Below, we list more than 120 mental health group name ideas — plus, scroll past the list to find tips for creating your own group name. The Mending Minds League Mental Milestones League Healthy Minds, Healthy Lives Accentuating the Positive WEvolve [1] Increasing Awareness, Erasing Stigmas The Stigma-Free Zone Doorways to Acceptance Every Mind Matters Mending Mindsets The No Barriers Brigade The Positivity Brigade Helping Hearts [1] Understanding Our Minds The Ceasing Fears Crew Restoring Minds Life Workshop [1] Mending Thoughts Emotional Health Network Feelings Forward [2] The Extensive Empathy Network Small Steps The Vital Connections Crew Threshold of Hope Minds Matter [2] Winning Our Battles Rediscovering Ourselves Mighty Minds [1] Making Plans, Dreaming Dreams Team B-Well [3] Sunlight and Candor Experts at Mending The Mindful Mandate [3] Lessened Burdens Not Just Getting Over It SACA: Support and Compassion Always Minds Over Matter [3] Our Path, Our Journey New Perspectives [1] Network of Understanding No Judgement, No Indifference Project Peace In Touch [4] A Supportive Environment Equal Opportunity Healing Holding Hope [1] Protection, Care, and Compassion No Longer Misunderstood Working Productively, Coping Effectively Essential Mental Insights Convocare: combining “conversation” and “care” [1] The Supportive Dialog Squad Culture of Wellbeing A Better You [1] An Expanded Safety Net We Encourage Empathy In a Safe Headspace Project Mind Conscious [3] The Candid Conversations Group Nothing Left Unresolved The Coping Center [4] Emotional Health Solutions Club Redefining Strength and Dignity Healthyplace [5] Vanquishing Our Fears Team of Tolerance Unboxed [3] Lessons of Self-Kindness Through a New Lens Beginning the Conversation Hope & Beyond [3] The Healthy Minds Network No More Stigmas! The Wellbeing Foundation With Help Comes Hope Inside Transformation [4] Stress Solvers Club Embodied Minds [4] Learning to Manage Coping for Health Advocating Healthy Minds Expanding Acceptance The Stress Resistant Squad Wellness Is Indispensable Finding a Purpose The Brain Backers Brigade The Right Headspace Insights on Wellness Trusted Support [2] Awareness Is Vital The Mind, Body, & Spirit Network Healthy Minds in Harmony Applying Full Potential Taking on the Mind An Appeal for Wellness Claiming Our Health Cleansing Conversations [2] Talking Through It Improving Our Mindset The Healthy Dispositions AWWA: Accepting Who We Are Talk Traders [2] Talking It Out Solutions Through Discussions The Healthy Minds Collective Abilities, Not Limitations Clear the Head [3] Boosting Brain Acceptance Widening Mental Wellness Coping Skills Enhanced The Open Dialog Group Educating Ourselves and Others Willing to Talk About It A&A Group: short for “awareness and acceptance” Revitalized Minds [3] Breaking the Silence Life Beyond the Stigma Tracking Gratitude Countering the Negative The Self-Kindness Crew The Best Life Brigade Uncommon Connections [4] Accentuating the Cognitive The Brain Support Brigade Sound Minds & Bodies Cohorts of Compassion Health, Wealth, Love, and Happiness How to Create a Good Mental Health Group Name A good mental health group name can promote positive growth for both mental health professionals and those who need mental health support. Keep the following tips in mind to create a strong name: Use positive language.
https://actuallygoodteamnames.com/mental-health-team-names/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_538510431#1_956161611
Title: 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names - Actually Good Team Names Headings: 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names 127 Mental Health Team/Group Names How to Create a Good Mental Health Group Name Content: The Wellbeing Foundation With Help Comes Hope Inside Transformation [4] Stress Solvers Club Embodied Minds [4] Learning to Manage Coping for Health Advocating Healthy Minds Expanding Acceptance The Stress Resistant Squad Wellness Is Indispensable Finding a Purpose The Brain Backers Brigade The Right Headspace Insights on Wellness Trusted Support [2] Awareness Is Vital The Mind, Body, & Spirit Network Healthy Minds in Harmony Applying Full Potential Taking on the Mind An Appeal for Wellness Claiming Our Health Cleansing Conversations [2] Talking Through It Improving Our Mindset The Healthy Dispositions AWWA: Accepting Who We Are Talk Traders [2] Talking It Out Solutions Through Discussions The Healthy Minds Collective Abilities, Not Limitations Clear the Head [3] Boosting Brain Acceptance Widening Mental Wellness Coping Skills Enhanced The Open Dialog Group Educating Ourselves and Others Willing to Talk About It A&A Group: short for “awareness and acceptance” Revitalized Minds [3] Breaking the Silence Life Beyond the Stigma Tracking Gratitude Countering the Negative The Self-Kindness Crew The Best Life Brigade Uncommon Connections [4] Accentuating the Cognitive The Brain Support Brigade Sound Minds & Bodies Cohorts of Compassion Health, Wealth, Love, and Happiness How to Create a Good Mental Health Group Name A good mental health group name can promote positive growth for both mental health professionals and those who need mental health support. Keep the following tips in mind to create a strong name: Use positive language. Mental health groups, whether professional or for those seeking care, should keep a positive tone. Positivity shows acceptance and understanding rather than disapproval. A positive name can help defy the stigmas associated with mental health and mental health treatment. Debunk negative stereotypes. There are a lot of misconceptions and misunderstandings regarding mental health within the general public.
https://actuallygoodteamnames.com/mental-health-team-names/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_545358831#2_968943736
Title: Accenture cries 'let there be change' in sweeping new brand campaign from Droga5 | Ad Age Headings: Accenture declares 'let there be change' in sweeping new brand campaign from Droga5 Accenture declares 'let there be change' in sweeping new brand campaign from Droga5 Content: This modal can be closed by pressing the Escape key or activating the close button. Close Modal Dialog This is a modal window. This modal can be closed by pressing the Escape key or activating the close button. Accenture debuted a sweeping brand campaign, declaring "let there be change," along with a new company purpose, "to deliver on the promise of technology and human ingenuity," created in partnership with Accenture Interactive-owned Droga5. The consulting behemoth says it is tripling its annual media spend to $90 million with the launch of this campaign. It includes the 30-second anthemic spot from Droga5, "Make Change Work For You," that implores companies to embrace change both "seismic" and "small," as well as three 15-second ads. The creative debuted on Accenture's internal and external digital properties, and includes placements across TV, online and social media in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Amy Fuller, Accenture chief marketing and communications officer, tells Ad Age that the campaign is "definitely" the largest from the company in the past decade. "We had been getting very precise with our media buying, because we can," Fuller says. " But we found we were under-leveraging our brand, which is the reason for being in higher-profile places.
https://adage.com/article/agency-news/accenture-declares-let-there-be-change-sweeping-new-brand-campaign-droga5/2287716
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_545358831#6_968951756
Title: Accenture cries 'let there be change' in sweeping new brand campaign from Droga5 | Ad Age Headings: Accenture declares 'let there be change' in sweeping new brand campaign from Droga5 Accenture declares 'let there be change' in sweeping new brand campaign from Droga5 Content: She says the reality of today is that companies can't just undergo "a digital transformation and then you’re finished," which is how "let there be change" was born. According to Accenture, the company's own business is now 70 percent in digital, cloud and security. She says Droga5 has been involved with the planning of the campaign since it began a year ago. Since they are both in the same family, Fuller says she was able to divulge "really confidential" information to Droga5 that "clients are not always comfortable sharing." "Accenture’s work covers almost every category of business on Earth," adds Duncan Marshall, founding partner at Droga5. " There was a great amount of groundwork and education to be had before strategy and creative began, certainly more I think than in any campaign I’ve ever been involved in. We worked closely with a wide number of Accenture’s leadership in all areas of their business to get at the heart of what makes them them. In terms of the involvement from the CEO level down, it was full and collaborative." Droga5 was acquired by Accenture Interactive, Accenture's agency business, last April for the price, Ad Age estimates, of $475 million. Accenture said last year it invested $1.5 billion in acquisitions, plus nearly $900 million in training and development and approximately $900 million in research and development.
https://adage.com/article/agency-news/accenture-declares-let-there-be-change-sweeping-new-brand-campaign-droga5/2287716
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_546296777#6_970751469
Title: Summary of Neustadt: Presidential power -- Adam Brown, BYU Political Science Headings: Neustadt: Presidential power Neustadt: Presidential power In Brief Place in the Literature Argument Presidents must persuade/bargain, not command Shared, not separated powers President's sources of power Illustrations Executive bargaining Congressional bargaining Research on similar subjects Tags Content: Alternatively, choices are the means by which he dissipates his power. The outcome, case by case, will often turn on whether he perceives his risk in power terms and takes account of what he sees before he makes his choice. A President is so uniquely situated and his power so bound up with the uniqueness of his place, that he can count on no one else to be perceptive for him" (150). Place in the Literature Like Madison (1787), #10 and Truman (1951), Neustadt uses a pluralist view to understand politics. In the pluralist world, competing factions mobilize and counter-mobilize, persuading and arguing until policy ultimately arrives at what the typical citizen would want. ( For critiques of pluralism, see the summary of Truman.) Kernell (1997) later argued that presidents have shifted from Neustadt's bargaining model to a more confrontational tactic that he calls "going public." Argument Presidents must persuade/bargain, not command The president's primary power is to persuade and bargain, not to command. When a president has to resort to commanding people, he is showing weakness. Commands only work in very special circumstances. "
https://adambrown.info/p/notes/neustadt_presidential_power
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_546296777#7_970753215
Title: Summary of Neustadt: Presidential power -- Adam Brown, BYU Political Science Headings: Neustadt: Presidential power Neustadt: Presidential power In Brief Place in the Literature Argument Presidents must persuade/bargain, not command Shared, not separated powers President's sources of power Illustrations Executive bargaining Congressional bargaining Research on similar subjects Tags Content: For critiques of pluralism, see the summary of Truman.) Kernell (1997) later argued that presidents have shifted from Neustadt's bargaining model to a more confrontational tactic that he calls "going public." Argument Presidents must persuade/bargain, not command The president's primary power is to persuade and bargain, not to command. When a president has to resort to commanding people, he is showing weakness. Commands only work in very special circumstances. " The essence of a President's persuasive task is to convince such men that what the White House wants of them is what they ought to do for their sake and on their authority" (30). Shared, not separated powers The American system is one of shared, not separated, powers (see Madison 1787, #51 ). The president is only one of several masters of the bureaucracy, and even the White House staff have independent sources of power (34-6). People in all positions cannot do much without persuading others to help them, and this applies even to the president. However, more people need favors from the president than from any other person.
https://adambrown.info/p/notes/neustadt_presidential_power
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_547338236#14_973535887
Title: Effects of the New Deal | Mr. Adams ACEC Headings: Effects of the New Deal Effects of the New Deal About Mr. Adams 31 Responses to Effects of the New Deal Leave a Reply Cancel reply Content: February 16, 2011 at 8:39 pm Four positive results of the New deals are regulating the stock markets (SEC, Securities and Exchanged Commission), employing the American people, guaranteeing money back if banks close (FDIC, Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation), building for the public (PWA, Public Works Administration), and also to aid farmers with controlled prices (AAA, Agricultural Adjustment Act). Three negative criticisms about the New Deal are that many people (especially the Republicans) didn’t believe the government should be involved with the various programs, people started to demand more, and heavy taxes on the rich to provide equality in the incomes (leaning more toward socialism??) Honestly, I really don’t know about both, yet I am leaning more toward the WW ll idea. If we didn’t enter the war and stayed isolationism, we the American people will still be barely surviving with the New Deal. The war brought more services to be available, and it brought more people to fight in the war. Reply caroleibryan says: February 16, 2011 at 8:49 pm Benefits 1. Psychologically the New Deal helped Americans because they felt like the government was doing something to help their lives and that the government was on their side. 2. It expanded the government spending and power 3.
https://adamskevin.wordpress.com/2011/02/15/effects-of-the-new-deal/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_552040512#29_984370595
Title: Special Education Advocate | How to Find and Hire One Near You Headings: Special Education Advocate | How to Find and Hire One Near You | What We Do. Special Education Advocate | How to Find and Hire One Near You | What We Do. IEP Special Education Advocate What is a Special Education Advocate? What IEP Advocates Do. Why can’t I find a free IEP advocate? Why you need an IEP/Special Education Advocate Where can I find Special Education Advocates near me? Is there a Certification for IEP advocates? What training should I look for in a special education advocate? Where can I find a special education advocate? What questions should I ask an IEP advocate before hiring them? So how much does an IEP/Special Education Advocate cost? Red Flags when hiring an IEP/Special Education Advocate What Does a Special Education Advocate do? Ok, I hired an IEP advocate, now what? About The Author Lisa Lightner Content: You are going to tell this person your most intimate family things going on–as far as what your child does. So interview them just like you would any other professional you were hiring: What is their training? How long have they been doing this? How did they get started? Are there any districts that they won’t work in, and why? What is their success rate, and how do they define success? After hearing your story, what is their strategy or plan for you? What are their fees and what does that cover? Have they had similar cases to yours?
https://adayinourshoes.com/iep-special-education-advocates/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_552887202#12_986627333
Title: How successful was the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s? - Ms. Adcox U.S. History (1877- Current) Headings: ​Course Discussion Board ​Course Discussion Board How successful was the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s? Leave a Reply. Content: Reply Ulises Solis 2/22/2018 08:22:43 am The civil rights movement was successful because although they did gain rights to vote and where less discriminated but still where treated very unequal still and where still discriminated against. Reply Hector Manzano 2/22/2018 08:22:49 am The Civil Rights was successful because men could vote with out poll taxes. Schools were desegregated, African Americans could go to school with whites. Reply Adcox 2/22/2018 05:35:50 pm Not just men, but women too since the 19th Amendment was passed in the 1920s... Reply Abner Rivas 2/22/2018 08:22:53 am The civil rights movement was successful for multiple reasons. Minorities were given multiple rights such as voting,poll taxes were abolished, and desegregation in schools ended with the Brown vs Board of Education Reply Jonathan L. 2/22/2018 08:23:03 am The civil rights movement was very successful because of the desegregation of public schools, passed the civil rights act, and more black in white school, and also the voting rights for black men. Reply Adcox 2/22/2018 05:19:05 pm Not just for black MEN!! Women also had the right to vote at this point in time. Reply Elvis Almazan 2/22/2018 08:23:13 am The civil right movement of the 1960 was pretty successful because it ended segregation it also allowed them to vote and participate politically. Although it was pretty successful today discriminat
https://adcoxushistory.weebly.com/course-discussion-board/how-successful-was-the-civil-rights-movement-in-the-1960s
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_553722084#0_988613584
Title: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute - Add a Pinch - Easy Buttermilk Recipe Headings: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Buttermilk Substitute Buttermilk Substitute What Can I Use If I Don’t Have Buttermilk? How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Dairy-Free and Vegan Can You Freeze Buttermilk? What is Buttermilk? Uses Adds Flavor Tenderizes Leavens Baked Goods How to Make Buttermilk Easy Buttermilk substitutions for cooking and baking! Learn How to Make Buttermilk with just two ingredients! Dairy-free and vegan, too! Ingredients Instructions Video Notes Dairy-Free Buttermilk: Robyn Stone Content: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute - Add a Pinch - Easy Buttermilk Recipe How to Make Buttermilk Substitute Easy Buttermilk substitute for cooking and baking! Learn How to Make Buttermilk with just two ingredients! Dairy-free and vegan, too! Buttermilk Substitute Buttermilk is one ingredient that I love to have on hand. I use it in so many recipes, from pancakes to biscuits to buttermilk pie! I never like being without it. But, sometimes I think I have plenty only to realize that I don’t. This is when it is great to know how to make your own! It is so easy to do and only takes two ingredients that work perfectly in baking and cooking. What Can I Use If I Don’t Have Buttermilk?
https://addapinch.com/homemade-buttermilk-substitute-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_553722084#1_988615109
Title: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute - Add a Pinch - Easy Buttermilk Recipe Headings: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Buttermilk Substitute Buttermilk Substitute What Can I Use If I Don’t Have Buttermilk? How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Dairy-Free and Vegan Can You Freeze Buttermilk? What is Buttermilk? Uses Adds Flavor Tenderizes Leavens Baked Goods How to Make Buttermilk Easy Buttermilk substitutions for cooking and baking! Learn How to Make Buttermilk with just two ingredients! Dairy-free and vegan, too! Ingredients Instructions Video Notes Dairy-Free Buttermilk: Robyn Stone Content: I never like being without it. But, sometimes I think I have plenty only to realize that I don’t. This is when it is great to know how to make your own! It is so easy to do and only takes two ingredients that work perfectly in baking and cooking. What Can I Use If I Don’t Have Buttermilk? There are a few of the popular buttermilk substitutions. Pick the best option that works for you based on what you have available. 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup plain yogurt 1 cup buttermilk = 3/4 cup sour cream + 1/4 cup water or milk 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup milk + 1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup milk + 1 tablespoon distilled white vinegar How to Make Buttermilk Substitute The simplest way to make your own buttermilk substitute is to add lemon juice or distilled white vinegar to a cup of milk or dairy-free milk (see below). Allow the milk to sit for about 10 minutes to thicken. How to Make Dairy-Free and Vegan Enjoy this dairy-free version to use in so many of your recipes.
https://addapinch.com/homemade-buttermilk-substitute-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_553722084#2_988616943
Title: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute - Add a Pinch - Easy Buttermilk Recipe Headings: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Buttermilk Substitute Buttermilk Substitute What Can I Use If I Don’t Have Buttermilk? How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Dairy-Free and Vegan Can You Freeze Buttermilk? What is Buttermilk? Uses Adds Flavor Tenderizes Leavens Baked Goods How to Make Buttermilk Easy Buttermilk substitutions for cooking and baking! Learn How to Make Buttermilk with just two ingredients! Dairy-free and vegan, too! Ingredients Instructions Video Notes Dairy-Free Buttermilk: Robyn Stone Content: There are a few of the popular buttermilk substitutions. Pick the best option that works for you based on what you have available. 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup plain yogurt 1 cup buttermilk = 3/4 cup sour cream + 1/4 cup water or milk 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup milk + 1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup milk + 1 tablespoon distilled white vinegar How to Make Buttermilk Substitute The simplest way to make your own buttermilk substitute is to add lemon juice or distilled white vinegar to a cup of milk or dairy-free milk (see below). Allow the milk to sit for about 10 minutes to thicken. How to Make Dairy-Free and Vegan Enjoy this dairy-free version to use in so many of your recipes. This is perfect for those who have dairy allergies or who follow a vegan diet and lifestyle. To make a dairy-free and/ or, you simply use your favorite non-dairy milk such as soy, coconut, almond, rice or oat milk in place of the milk called for in the recipe! It’s that easy! 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup non-dairy milk (coconut, soy, rice, oat) + 1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup non-dairy milk (coconut, soy, rice, oat) = 1 tablespoon vinegar Can You Freeze Buttermilk? Yes!
https://addapinch.com/homemade-buttermilk-substitute-recipe/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_11_553722084#3_988618975
Title: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute - Add a Pinch - Easy Buttermilk Recipe Headings: How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Buttermilk Substitute Buttermilk Substitute What Can I Use If I Don’t Have Buttermilk? How to Make Buttermilk Substitute How to Make Dairy-Free and Vegan Can You Freeze Buttermilk? What is Buttermilk? Uses Adds Flavor Tenderizes Leavens Baked Goods How to Make Buttermilk Easy Buttermilk substitutions for cooking and baking! Learn How to Make Buttermilk with just two ingredients! Dairy-free and vegan, too! Ingredients Instructions Video Notes Dairy-Free Buttermilk: Robyn Stone Content: This is perfect for those who have dairy allergies or who follow a vegan diet and lifestyle. To make a dairy-free and/ or, you simply use your favorite non-dairy milk such as soy, coconut, almond, rice or oat milk in place of the milk called for in the recipe! It’s that easy! 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup non-dairy milk (coconut, soy, rice, oat) + 1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 cup buttermilk = 1 cup non-dairy milk (coconut, soy, rice, oat) = 1 tablespoon vinegar Can You Freeze Buttermilk? Yes! Simply spoon any that has not been used by the tablespoon into an ice cube tray. Place the tray into the freezer until frozen well, about an hour. Remove from the freezer and dispense the frozen cubes into a freezer-safe container. Freeze for up to 3 months. What is Buttermilk?
https://addapinch.com/homemade-buttermilk-substitute-recipe/