id
stringlengths 33
45
| content
stringlengths 95
98.7k
| url
stringlengths 18
263
|
|---|---|---|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1226446231#8_2478796428 | Title: French Revolution for Kids: Maximilien Robespierre Biography
Headings: French Revolution
French Revolution
Maximilien Robespierre
Biography
Content: Was he a monster who had thousands of people killed to maintain power? Was he a hero and fighter for the people against tyranny? In some ways, he was both. Interesting Facts about Maximilien Robespierre
Robespierre was shot in the jaw during his arrest. It is unknown whether he shot himself trying to commit suicide, or if he was shot by one of the guards arresting him. He was against the Catholic Church and had a new religion called the Cult of the Supreme Being established as the official religion of France. He was outspoken against slavery, which earned him enemies among many slave owners. He helped to get slavery abolished in France in 1794, but it was reinstituted in 1802 by Napoleon. Robespierre had many of his political opponents executed during the Reign of Terror. At one point, a law was passed that a citizen could be executed for just the "suspicion" of being anti-revolutionary. | https://www.ducksters.com/history/french_revolution/robespierre.php |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1226877755#0_2479746630 | Title: US History: The Spanish American War for Kids
Headings: US History
US History
The Spanish American War
Content: US History: The Spanish American War for Kids
US History
The Spanish American War
History >> US History before 1900
The Spanish American War was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. The war was fought largely over the independence of Cuba. Major battles took place in the Spanish colonies of Cuba and the Philippines. The war began on April 25, 1898 when the United States declared war on Spain. The fighting ended with a U.S. victory three and a half months later on August 12, 1898. Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill
by Frederic Remington
Leading Up to the War
Cuban revolutionaries had been fighting for the independence of Cuba for many years. They first fought the Ten Year's War between 1868 and 1878. In 1895, Cuban rebels rose up again under the leadership of Jose Marti. Many Americans supported the cause of the Cuban rebels and wanted the United States to intervene. | https://www.ducksters.com/history/us_1800s/spanish-american_war.php |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1226877755#1_2479747851 | Title: US History: The Spanish American War for Kids
Headings: US History
US History
The Spanish American War
Content: The fighting ended with a U.S. victory three and a half months later on August 12, 1898. Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill
by Frederic Remington
Leading Up to the War
Cuban revolutionaries had been fighting for the independence of Cuba for many years. They first fought the Ten Year's War between 1868 and 1878. In 1895, Cuban rebels rose up again under the leadership of Jose Marti. Many Americans supported the cause of the Cuban rebels and wanted the United States to intervene. Sinking of the Battleship Maine
When conditions in Cuba worsened in 1898, President William McKinley sent the U.S. battleship Maine to Cuba to help protect American citizens and interests in Cuba. On February 15, 1898, a huge explosion caused the Maine to sink in Havana Harbor. Although no one was sure exactly what caused the explosion, many Americans blamed Spain. They wanted to go to war. The US Declares War
President McKinley resisted going to war for a few months, but eventually public pressure to act became too great. | https://www.ducksters.com/history/us_1800s/spanish-american_war.php |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1230294453#1_2486091393 | Title:
Headings: Assessment of the differing environmental impacts between reusable and disposable diapers.
Introduction
Resource
consumption
Non-Renewable
Resource
Consumption
b)
Water
and
energy
consumption
Water
and
air
pollution
a)
Waste
water
b)
Air
pollution
and
global
warming
larger
carbon
footprint,
but
the
electricity
used
to
wash
reusable
diapers
cancels
out
most
of
the
difference.25
Solid
waste
and
landfill
Another
problem
is
that
not
only
is
the
diaper
product
being
thrown
away,
but
untreated
Conclusion
Even
other
issues
must
be
considered
when
making
decision
about
type
of
diaper
you
are
going
to
use,
like
impact
on
health
and
economic
aspect,
certainly
there
are
lots
of
Content: Similarly
corporations
are
seeking
to
build
a
“greener”
more
sustainable
image
of
the
way
they
do
business
as
more
people
seriously
consider
more
eco-friendly’s
ways
of
living
and
there
is
a
greater
support
for
more
sustainable
development. Finally
there
are
the
actions
of
the
individual
(who
is
a
consumer)
to
consider. The
phrase
“Think
global,
act
local"
(attributed
to
Scots
town
planner
and
social
activist
Patrick
Geddes
in
1915)
is
the
best
way
that
people
as
individuals
can
help
to
mitigate
the
problem. Since
humans,
in
aggregate,
are
responsible
for
most
of
the
environmental
problems,
yet
we
as
individuals
are
directly
responsible
only
for
our
own
activities,
it
is
important
that
each
person
takes
responsibility
for
his
or
her
actions
and
become
aware
that
the
individual
(and
their
family
unit)
has
a
significant
effect
on
the
natural
environment
through
choices
he
or
she
makes. Let’s
discuss
one
simple
example
that
most
people
encounter
in
their
lives
when
starting
a
family: diaper
choice
-
disposable
vs.
reusable
(cloth/fabric). Many
scientists,
parents
and
environmentalists
have
tackled
the
cloth
versus
disposable
diaper
debate. A
number
of
scientific
studies
have
been
undertaken
(admittedly
some
are
quite
biased
one
way
or
the
other
based
on
the
study
sponsor),
but
biases
notwithstanding,
it
is
quite
clear
that
both
cloth
and
disposable
diapers
have
environmental
effects,
such
as
the
consumption
of
natural
resources,
energy
usage,
health
issues,
air
and
water
pollution
and
waste
disposal. The
question
is
which
one
of
them
has
the
greater
environmental
cost. A
life
cycle
analysis
is
the
obvious
way
to
discern
the
true
and
total
environmental
and
economic
cost
of
each
method. | https://www.dufferinresearch.com/images/sampledata/documents/Environmental%20Impact%20Report%20-%20Cloth%20vs%20Disposible.pdf |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1231712514#6_2488997512 | Title: Reference Materials: China’s Average “Death Row” Prisoner Waits 2 Months for Execution
Headings: China’s Average “Death Row” Prisoner Waits 2 Months for Execution
Wednesday, April 27, 2016
China’s Average “Death Row” Prisoner Waits 2 Months for Execution
Supreme People’s Court Death Penalty Review Decisions, Apr 2011- Nov 2015
Content: 1) there is evidence of a possible error in the original judgment; 2) the person sentenced to death provides evidence of other crimes or performs other acts of major meritorious service that could result in leniency; or 3) the person sentenced to death is discovered to be pregnant. The speed with which execution is carried out may be associated with certain individuals or crimes. For example, all 16 Uyghurs in the sample had their executions for terrorist activity carried out between five and nine days after the SPC approved their sentences. This means that warrants for execution had to have been issued more or less simultaneously with the court’s decision to approve capital punishment. The wait was also very brief for Xu Maiyong (eight days) and Liu Han (13 days). Xu was the former vice-mayor of Hangzhou who was executed for corruption in 2011. Liu was a politically connected business figure executed in 2015 for allegedly leading an organized crime syndicate in Sichuan. In fact, the timing of executions may be tied to the social and political value of their publicity. | https://www.duihuaresearch.org/2016/04/chinas-average-death-row-prisoner-waits.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1237351443#2_2500863609 | Title: Learn How To Paint Interior Walls | Dulux
Headings: How to paint walls
How to paint walls
Instructions
More how to guides
Repainting interior and weather affected surfaces
Prepare interior surfaces
Content: Mask your trim for cutting-in. Cutting-in is a technique whereby you paint with a brush or application pad, the areas that can’t be reached with a roller. Load your brush by dipping it into the paint roughly half the length of the bristles. Tap the brush on the side of the paint pot to remove the excess. Start brushing a few centimeters from the corner or edge. As you move the brush, you will establish the line of the edge of the paint. Drag the brush in to the edge so that the line on the paint follows the edging. Tip: One of the most important tips when cutting-in is to not paint too far ahead. You’ll need to maintain a wet edge so your roller can blend into the brushed paint. | https://www.dulux.com.au/how-to/preparation-and-painting-guides/interior/how-to-paint-walls |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1237371324#0_2500905261 | Title: Paint Colours - House Colour, Home Paint, House Painting | Dulux India
Headings: paint colours and house painting
Welcome to your world in colour
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021 – Brave Ground™
Dulux Assurance
Looking for a reliable painter?
The best products for your project
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Ambiance Effects
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
SUPERCLEAN
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Premium Enamels
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
The right products for your surface
Walls
Wood
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
Double Protection
Our brands specialised in your project
Dulux
Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Adding Colour to People’s Lives
Content: Paint Colours - House Colour, Home Paint, House Painting | Dulux India
Welcome to your world in colour
I have some colours in mind
I'm not sure where to start
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021
Expert Help for Tips & Tricks
The right products for the job
Find a store near you
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021 – Brave Ground™
Every year, Dulux colour experts translate global design trends into the new Colour of the Year. The shade for 2021 is Brave Ground™. A warm, natural neutral that lets other colours shine, it provides a springboard for change in your home. Discover how you can use this versatile shade, plus its four complementary colour palettes, to start a transformation. Discover more
240031
Dulux Assurance
We promise our paint will give you the perfect colour with a uniform finish and the coverage stated, or we’ll replace it under Dulux Assurance. See More
YouTube
Dulux India Paints
77.5K subscribers
Subscribe
Dulux Colour Guru Painter Marketplace - Find reliable painters near you! Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. | https://www.dulux.in/en |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1237371324#1_2500907753 | Title: Paint Colours - House Colour, Home Paint, House Painting | Dulux India
Headings: paint colours and house painting
Welcome to your world in colour
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021 – Brave Ground™
Dulux Assurance
Looking for a reliable painter?
The best products for your project
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Ambiance Effects
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
SUPERCLEAN
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Premium Enamels
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
The right products for your surface
Walls
Wood
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
Double Protection
Our brands specialised in your project
Dulux
Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Adding Colour to People’s Lives
Content: See More
YouTube
Dulux India Paints
77.5K subscribers
Subscribe
Dulux Colour Guru Painter Marketplace - Find reliable painters near you! Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later. Watch later
Share
Copy link
Watch on
0:00
0:00
/
Live
•
Looking for a reliable painter? Dulux will help you find one. Select painters near you and get a free quote! See More
Home page_Products
The best products for your project
We have the best products for every interior and exterior project. | https://www.dulux.in/en |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1237371324#2_2500909693 | Title: Paint Colours - House Colour, Home Paint, House Painting | Dulux India
Headings: paint colours and house painting
Welcome to your world in colour
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021 – Brave Ground™
Dulux Assurance
Looking for a reliable painter?
The best products for your project
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Ambiance Effects
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
SUPERCLEAN
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Premium Enamels
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
The right products for your surface
Walls
Wood
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
Double Protection
Our brands specialised in your project
Dulux
Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Adding Colour to People’s Lives
Content: Please try again later. Watch later
Share
Copy link
Watch on
0:00
0:00
/
Live
•
Looking for a reliable painter? Dulux will help you find one. Select painters near you and get a free quote! See More
Home page_Products
The best products for your project
We have the best products for every interior and exterior project. A full range of solutions to help you to decorate and get the job done. See all products
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Aquatech - Ultimate water defence for lasting protection you can rely on. See More
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch
Dulux Ambiance Effects
Personalise your world with special effect paints inspired by artisans
See More
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
The most advanced stain protection paint equipped with anti-bacteria properties
See More
SUPERCLEAN
A highly washable paint that enables easy cleaning of walls
See More
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Bring home the moods of exotic destinations in your home by choosing Dulux SuperCover Colours of the world. Download Now
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Adorn your walls with a range of Colours from Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch
Download Now
Premium Enamels
Choose from a wide variety of colours for unmatched decoration and protection of wood and metal surfaces. Download Now
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Choose the right colour for your home from a collection of India’s Favourite Colours. | https://www.dulux.in/en |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1237371324#3_2500912184 | Title: Paint Colours - House Colour, Home Paint, House Painting | Dulux India
Headings: paint colours and house painting
Welcome to your world in colour
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021 – Brave Ground™
Dulux Assurance
Looking for a reliable painter?
The best products for your project
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Ambiance Effects
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
SUPERCLEAN
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Premium Enamels
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
The right products for your surface
Walls
Wood
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
Double Protection
Our brands specialised in your project
Dulux
Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Adding Colour to People’s Lives
Content: A full range of solutions to help you to decorate and get the job done. See all products
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Aquatech - Ultimate water defence for lasting protection you can rely on. See More
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch
Dulux Ambiance Effects
Personalise your world with special effect paints inspired by artisans
See More
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
The most advanced stain protection paint equipped with anti-bacteria properties
See More
SUPERCLEAN
A highly washable paint that enables easy cleaning of walls
See More
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Bring home the moods of exotic destinations in your home by choosing Dulux SuperCover Colours of the world. Download Now
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Adorn your walls with a range of Colours from Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch
Download Now
Premium Enamels
Choose from a wide variety of colours for unmatched decoration and protection of wood and metal surfaces. Download Now
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Choose the right colour for your home from a collection of India’s Favourite Colours. Download Now
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
Dulux Weathershield brings 4 exclusive Colour palettes recreated basis the architectural designs. Download Now
The right products for your surface
The right products for your surface
Home page_surface entry point1
Walls
Does your wall need a revamp? Put your stamp on your home with our paints and make it feel like your own. View more
Home page_surface entry point2
Wood
Ensure your wood stays looking beautiful and protect it against the damaging effects of the weather. View more
The latest news
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo is the best-in-class ultra luxury premium emulsion, gives excellent velvet finish and covers hairline cracks
See More
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Getting your dream colour just got easy with our suite of colours tools
Read more
Dulux Velvet Touch – The Glow of Success
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
The Glow of Success
Read more
Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx
YouTube
Dulux India Paints
77.5K subscribers
Subscribe
Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx-Double Protection
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. | https://www.dulux.in/en |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1237371324#4_2500915693 | Title: Paint Colours - House Colour, Home Paint, House Painting | Dulux India
Headings: paint colours and house painting
Welcome to your world in colour
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021 – Brave Ground™
Dulux Assurance
Looking for a reliable painter?
The best products for your project
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Ambiance Effects
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
SUPERCLEAN
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Premium Enamels
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
The right products for your surface
Walls
Wood
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
Double Protection
Our brands specialised in your project
Dulux
Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Adding Colour to People’s Lives
Content: Download Now
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
Dulux Weathershield brings 4 exclusive Colour palettes recreated basis the architectural designs. Download Now
The right products for your surface
The right products for your surface
Home page_surface entry point1
Walls
Does your wall need a revamp? Put your stamp on your home with our paints and make it feel like your own. View more
Home page_surface entry point2
Wood
Ensure your wood stays looking beautiful and protect it against the damaging effects of the weather. View more
The latest news
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo is the best-in-class ultra luxury premium emulsion, gives excellent velvet finish and covers hairline cracks
See More
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Getting your dream colour just got easy with our suite of colours tools
Read more
Dulux Velvet Touch – The Glow of Success
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
The Glow of Success
Read more
Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx
YouTube
Dulux India Paints
77.5K subscribers
Subscribe
Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx-Double Protection
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later. Watch later
Share
Copy link
Watch on
0:00
0:00
/
Live
•
Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx
Double Protection
Introducing, NEW Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx that's 2X Crackproof, 2X Fungusproof - giving your exterior walls 2X more protection than standard paints
See More
Our brands specialised in your project
Our brands specialised in your project
Home page_multibrand entry point1
Dulux
Colour your daily life
About Dulux
Home page_multibrand entry point2
Sadolin
Give your garden some TLC
About Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Dulux Visualizer
Download the new Dulux Visualizer now and enjoy a world of colour at your fingertips! | https://www.dulux.in/en |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1237371324#5_2500919093 | Title: Paint Colours - House Colour, Home Paint, House Painting | Dulux India
Headings: paint colours and house painting
Welcome to your world in colour
Dulux Colour of the Year 2021 – Brave Ground™
Dulux Assurance
Looking for a reliable painter?
The best products for your project
Ultimate Water Defence
Dulux Ambiance Effects
SUPERCLEAN 3IN1
SUPERCLEAN
Dulux Colour Cards
Premium Interiors Emulsions
Super Premium Interior Emulsions
Premium Enamels
Mass Market Interior and Exterior Emulsions
Super Premium &Premium Exterior Emulsions
The right products for your surface
Walls
Wood
The latest in
paint colours and house painting
Dulux Ambiance Velvet Touch - Elasto Glo
Dulux Colour Play Testers
Dulux Velvet Touch– Glow of success
Double Protection
Our brands specialised in your project
Dulux
Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Adding Colour to People’s Lives
Content: More videos
More videos
You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Cancel
Confirm
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later. Watch later
Share
Copy link
Watch on
0:00
0:00
/
Live
•
Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx
Double Protection
Introducing, NEW Dulux Weathershield Powerflexx that's 2X Crackproof, 2X Fungusproof - giving your exterior walls 2X more protection than standard paints
See More
Our brands specialised in your project
Our brands specialised in your project
Home page_multibrand entry point1
Dulux
Colour your daily life
About Dulux
Home page_multibrand entry point2
Sadolin
Give your garden some TLC
About Sadolin
Dulux Visualizer
Dulux Visualizer
Download the new Dulux Visualizer now and enjoy a world of colour at your fingertips! Let’s Colour Promoblock
Let’s Colour
Adding Colour to People’s Lives
Our paint not only transforms walls, but also improves the lives of millions around the world. Learn how & get inspired | https://www.dulux.in/en |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1240928238#2_2509774519 | Title: How to Coach Employees on Improvement in Performance - dummies
Headings: How to Coach Employees on Improvement in Performance
How to Coach Employees on Improvement in Performance
About the Book Author
Content: Discovering root causes helps you pinpoint solutions that help improvement happen. Don’t debate, listen. Neither of you have to see exactly eye-to-eye on the problem. What you need instead is for both of you to understand what each other has to say. Quite often, by avoiding the blaming or other problem-dwelling focuses, the dynamic of the interaction has opportunity for openness, and you can both gain insight. Remember, you’re here to be helpful; otherwise, why should anyone want to work with you for improvement? Collaboratively create the plan for improvement. The improvement plan should cover these points: Goal: | https://www.dummies.com/business/human-resources/employee-engagement/how-to-coach-employees-on-improvement-in-performance/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1253091995#7_2537872762 | Title: Response to 9/11: The War on Terror - dummies
Headings: Response to 9/11: The War on Terror
Response to 9/11: The War on Terror
Finding al-Qaida and Osama bin Laden
The War on Terror in Afghanistan
The War on Terror in Iraq
The War on Terror in the U.S.
Cost of the War on Terror
Criticism of the War on Terror
End of the War on Terror?
Content: In 2004, the insurgent forces grew stronger. The United States conducted attacks on insurgent strongholds in cities like Najaf and Fallujah. In January 2007, President Bush presented a new strategy for Operation Iraqi Freedom based upon new counter-insurgency theories and tactics, and violence and insurgent attacks decreased. The war entered a new phase in September 2010, with the official end of U.S. combat operations. However, 50,000 U.S. troops remain in an advisory role to provide support for Iraqi security forces. The War on Terror in the U.S.
A month after the September 11 attacks, Bush pushed for a proposal called the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act — or the USA PATRIOT Act. The PATRIOT Act was approved 357-66 in the House of Representatives. In the Senate, the vote was 98-1, with only Senator Russell Feingold, D-WI, opposed. The far-reaching “temporary” act (most of which was made permanent by Congress in 2006) greatly expanded the authority of the FBI and other law enforcement agencies to conduct searches, look at medical and other personal records, such as what materials an individual took out from public libraries, and spy on those suspected of potential terrorist acts without court approval. It allowed foreigners to be held for up to seven days without charges or deportation proceedings. | https://www.dummies.com/education/history/american-history/response-to-911-the-war-on-terror/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1253091995#8_2537874758 | Title: Response to 9/11: The War on Terror - dummies
Headings: Response to 9/11: The War on Terror
Response to 9/11: The War on Terror
Finding al-Qaida and Osama bin Laden
The War on Terror in Afghanistan
The War on Terror in Iraq
The War on Terror in the U.S.
Cost of the War on Terror
Criticism of the War on Terror
End of the War on Terror?
Content: The War on Terror in the U.S.
A month after the September 11 attacks, Bush pushed for a proposal called the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act — or the USA PATRIOT Act. The PATRIOT Act was approved 357-66 in the House of Representatives. In the Senate, the vote was 98-1, with only Senator Russell Feingold, D-WI, opposed. The far-reaching “temporary” act (most of which was made permanent by Congress in 2006) greatly expanded the authority of the FBI and other law enforcement agencies to conduct searches, look at medical and other personal records, such as what materials an individual took out from public libraries, and spy on those suspected of potential terrorist acts without court approval. It allowed foreigners to be held for up to seven days without charges or deportation proceedings. In January 2002, the U.S. established a detention camp at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base to hold inmates defined as “illegal enemy combatants.” President Obama pledged to close the Guantanamo Bay facility and transfer the inmates either to prisons in the U.S. or to other countries. Congress, however, prohibited the use of fund to transfer inmates to U.S. prisons and placed conditions on transfers to foreign countries in the 2011 Defense Authorization bill. As of May 2011, Guantanamo Bay still holds 171 prisoners. In July 2002, Bush secretly authorized the National Security Agency to listen in on phone calls American citizens made to other countries and to monitor e-mails. | https://www.dummies.com/education/history/american-history/response-to-911-the-war-on-terror/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1253131711#8_2537973553 | Title: The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on the U.S. - dummies
Headings: The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on the U.S.
The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks on the U.S.
Reacting to the 9/11 attacks
Identifying the attackers – al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
Fighting terrorism on the U.S. home front
Imprisoning “non-POWs” at Guantanamo Bay
Defending controversial tactics
About the Book Author
Content: Fighting terrorism on the U.S. home front
The Bush administration never formally declared war on Afghanistan (which allowed it to claim it didn’t have to treat those captured as prisoners of war). But it did declare war on terrorism, and Bush proclaimed the war would continue and be fought on every front “until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated.” A month after the 9/11 attacks, as they came to be known, Bush proposed something called the “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act” — or the USA Patriot Act. The far-reaching “temporary” act (most of which was made permanent by Congress in 2006) greatly expanded the authority of the FBI and other law enforcement agencies to conduct searches, look at medical and other personal records (such as what materials an individual took out from public libraries), and spy without court approval on those suspected of potential terrorist acts. It also allowed foreigners to be held for up to seven days without charges or deportation proceedings. The act was approved 357–66 in the House of Representatives. In the Senate, the vote was 98–1, with only Sen. Russell Feingold, D-WI, opposed. In July 2002, Bush secretly authorized the National Security Agency (NSA) to listen in on phone calls American citizens made to other countries and to monitor e-mails. ( See Chapter 25 for more on the NSA and electronic surveillance.) The order wasn’t made public until 2005, and Congress didn’t sanction the actions until 2008. | https://www.dummies.com/education/history/american-history/the-911-terrorist-attacks-on-the-u-s/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1254271521#3_2540686766 | Title: Roe v. Wade: How Abortion Became Legal in the United States - dummies
Headings: Roe v. Wade: How Abortion Became Legal in the United States
Roe v. Wade: How Abortion Became Legal in the United States
Content: Henry Wade was the defending district attorney. Roe won the case when the district court decided that the Texas laws were vague and infringed on the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. The Ninth Amendment protects citizens’ rights not listed in other parts of the Constitution, including the right to privacy. Norma’s attorneys argued that this extended to a woman’s right to decide to bear children or not. The Fourteenth Amendment ensures that no State can abridge a citizen’s fundamental rights without due process. The case was appealed and landed in the U.S. Supreme Court. On January 22, 1973, the Court handed down its decision in favor of Roe, declaring: [The] right to privacy, whether it be founded in the Fourteenth Amendment’s concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or, as the district court determined, in the Ninth Amendment’s reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy.” [ The Supreme Court ruling didn’t come in time for Norma McCorvey to have an abortion. She delivered a child even before the district court ruled in her favor in 1970; | https://www.dummies.com/education/law/roe-v-wade-how-abortion-became-legal-in-the-united-states/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1254271521#4_2540688448 | Title: Roe v. Wade: How Abortion Became Legal in the United States - dummies
Headings: Roe v. Wade: How Abortion Became Legal in the United States
Roe v. Wade: How Abortion Became Legal in the United States
Content: The case was appealed and landed in the U.S. Supreme Court. On January 22, 1973, the Court handed down its decision in favor of Roe, declaring: [The] right to privacy, whether it be founded in the Fourteenth Amendment’s concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or, as the district court determined, in the Ninth Amendment’s reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy.” [ The Supreme Court ruling didn’t come in time for Norma McCorvey to have an abortion. She delivered a child even before the district court ruled in her favor in 1970; that child was immediately adopted. Roe v. Wade remains as polarizing as ever. Right-to-privacy proponents, anti-abortionists, religious groups, and women’s rights advocates are just some of the organizations involved in this heated socio-political issue. Related Articles
What to Do When You Are Served with Small Claims Papers
How Forensics Experts Search a Crime Scene
Why Inspectors Reconstruct Crime Scenes
Close X | https://www.dummies.com/education/law/roe-v-wade-how-abortion-became-legal-in-the-united-states/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1258388080#1_2549644512 | Title: The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment - dummies
Headings: The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment
The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment
The pesticide treadmill
Spreading pesticide poisons in the environment
About the Book Author
Content: The pesticide treadmill
Agricultural pests, like all other organisms, strive to survive. When farmers expose them to a chemical compound that’s designed to kill them, a few of them invariably survive to reproduce. As a result, the next generation is likely to be resistant to the deadly chemical (after all, their parents had some genetic mutation that allowed them to survive). Thus begins a cycle some environmental scientists call the pesticide treadmill: As farmers and pesticide producers work harder to control pests, they create pests that are harder to control. The pesticide treadmill starts with the development of a new and powerful pesticide, but once it starts, it never ends. Here’s how the cycle goes: Chemists create Pesticide A, which is extremely effective at killing pests. Farmers apply the pesticide to their crops. Most pests die, but a few survive and reproduce. | https://www.dummies.com/education/science/environmental-science/the-dangers-of-pesticides-in-the-environment/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1258388080#2_2549645908 | Title: The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment - dummies
Headings: The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment
The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment
The pesticide treadmill
Spreading pesticide poisons in the environment
About the Book Author
Content: The pesticide treadmill starts with the development of a new and powerful pesticide, but once it starts, it never ends. Here’s how the cycle goes: Chemists create Pesticide A, which is extremely effective at killing pests. Farmers apply the pesticide to their crops. Most pests die, but a few survive and reproduce. A new generation of pests that aren’t affected by Pesticide A is born. Farmers apply Pesticide A with little or no result now that the pests are resistant. Chemists create a newer, more powerful compound, Pesticide B.
The cycle repeats itself over and over again. The pesticide treadmill leads to increasing costs for farmers, who have to purchase new pesticide formulas every year or risk losing their crops. Plus, each generation of pests is increasingly more difficult to kill, meaning that the pesticides chemists develop to kill the new pests must be even more potent than the last ones. | https://www.dummies.com/education/science/environmental-science/the-dangers-of-pesticides-in-the-environment/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1258388080#3_2549647328 | Title: The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment - dummies
Headings: The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment
The Dangers of Pesticides in the Environment
The pesticide treadmill
Spreading pesticide poisons in the environment
About the Book Author
Content: A new generation of pests that aren’t affected by Pesticide A is born. Farmers apply Pesticide A with little or no result now that the pests are resistant. Chemists create a newer, more powerful compound, Pesticide B.
The cycle repeats itself over and over again. The pesticide treadmill leads to increasing costs for farmers, who have to purchase new pesticide formulas every year or risk losing their crops. Plus, each generation of pests is increasingly more difficult to kill, meaning that the pesticides chemists develop to kill the new pests must be even more potent than the last ones. Spreading pesticide poisons in the environment
Not all pesticides are manmade. Some, such as botanical extracts and oils, are naturally occurring compounds. Naturally occurring pesticides are still extremely toxic and can affect both the humans and the pests that are exposed to them. However, naturally occurring pesticide compounds eventually break down and recycle back through the ecosystem, whereas manmade compounds often do not. Scientists categorize synthetic or manmade pesticides according to their chemical structure. | https://www.dummies.com/education/science/environmental-science/the-dangers-of-pesticides-in-the-environment/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1270843393#0_2578936724 | Title: The Catholic Worship Service: The Mass - dummies
Headings: The Catholic Worship Service: The Mass
The Catholic Worship Service: The Mass
The Liturgy of the Word
The Liturgy of the Eucharist
Content: The Catholic Worship Service: The Mass - dummies
In this article
Introduction
The Liturgy of the Word
The Liturgy of the Eucharist
Religion
Christianity
Catholicism
The Catholic Worship Service: The Mass
The Catholic Worship Service: The Mass
In this article
The Mass, the formal, official worship service of Catholicism, is the most important and sacred act of worship in the Catholic Church. Going to Mass is the only way a Catholic can fulfill the Third Commandment to keep holy the Sabbath day and the only regular opportunity to receive the Holy Eucharist. The Mass incorporates the Bible (Sacred Scripture), prayer, sacrifice, hymns, symbols, gestures, sacred food for the soul, and directions on how to live a Catholic life — all in one ceremony. The first part of the Mass in the Western (Latin) Church is the Liturgy of the Word, and its main focus is on Bible readings as an integral part of daily and weekly worship. The second part is the Liturgy of the Eucharist, and its main focus is the holiest and most sacred part of the Mass — Holy Eucharist. Eastern Rite Catholics call their Mass the Divine Liturgy, but it’s essentially the same. Eastern Catholics also use the two-fold division of Liturgy of the Catechumens and Liturgy of the Faithful, which coincide with the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. | https://www.dummies.com/religion/christianity/catholicism/the-catholic-worship-service-the-mass/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1277082366#0_2593495535 | Title: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016 - dummies
Headings: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
About the Book Author
Content: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016 - dummies
In this article
Introduction
About the Book Author
Software
Microsoft Office
PowerPoint
How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
In this article
By Doug Lowe
Notes are like an adjunct attachment to your PowerPoint 2016 slides. They don’t appear on the slides themselves but are displayed separately. Each slide in your presentation has its own page of notes. Notes are usually hidden at the bottom of the screen in a tiny Notes pane that’s just large enough to display a line or two of text. You can recognize the Notes pane because it initially contains the words “Click to add notes.” To work with notes, you should first enlarge the Notes pane to give yourself some room to work. PowerPoint also has a separate view designed for working with notes pages, called (you guessed it) Notes Page View. To call up Notes Page View, choose the View tab on the Ribbon and then click the Notes Page button found in the Presentation Views group (this button is shown here). Each Notes Page consists of a reduced version of the slide and an area for notes, as shown here. Notes Page View lets you see your notes. | https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/powerpoint/how-to-add-notes-to-a-slide-in-powerpoint-2016/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1277082366#1_2593497208 | Title: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016 - dummies
Headings: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
About the Book Author
Content: To work with notes, you should first enlarge the Notes pane to give yourself some room to work. PowerPoint also has a separate view designed for working with notes pages, called (you guessed it) Notes Page View. To call up Notes Page View, choose the View tab on the Ribbon and then click the Notes Page button found in the Presentation Views group (this button is shown here). Each Notes Page consists of a reduced version of the slide and an area for notes, as shown here. Notes Page View lets you see your notes. Depending on the size of your monitor, these notes are too small to see or work with in Notes Page View unless you increase the zoom setting. But on smaller monitors, you can zoom in to see your work. Unfortunately, no keyboard shortcut is available to switch directly to Notes Page View. Earlier versions of PowerPoint included a button for this alongside the other view buttons in the lower-right corner of the screen. But for some mysterious reason, Microsoft decided to omit this button in recent versions of PowerPoint. | https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/powerpoint/how-to-add-notes-to-a-slide-in-powerpoint-2016/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1277082366#2_2593498680 | Title: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016 - dummies
Headings: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
About the Book Author
Content: Depending on the size of your monitor, these notes are too small to see or work with in Notes Page View unless you increase the zoom setting. But on smaller monitors, you can zoom in to see your work. Unfortunately, no keyboard shortcut is available to switch directly to Notes Page View. Earlier versions of PowerPoint included a button for this alongside the other view buttons in the lower-right corner of the screen. But for some mysterious reason, Microsoft decided to omit this button in recent versions of PowerPoint. So the only way to get to Notes Page View now is to use the Ribbon’s Notes Page button. To add notes to a slide, as shown here, follow this procedure: A slide with notes. In Normal View, move to the slide to which you want to add notes. Click and drag the Notes pane border, if necessary, to bring the notes text into view. | https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/powerpoint/how-to-add-notes-to-a-slide-in-powerpoint-2016/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1277082366#3_2593499966 | Title: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016 - dummies
Headings: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
About the Book Author
Content: So the only way to get to Notes Page View now is to use the Ribbon’s Notes Page button. To add notes to a slide, as shown here, follow this procedure: A slide with notes. In Normal View, move to the slide to which you want to add notes. Click and drag the Notes pane border, if necessary, to bring the notes text into view. Click the notes text object, where it reads Click to add notes. Type away. The text that you type appears in the notes area. As you create your notes, you can use any of the PowerPoint standard word-processing features, such as Cut, Copy, and Paste. Press Enter to create new paragraphs. | https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/powerpoint/how-to-add-notes-to-a-slide-in-powerpoint-2016/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1277082366#4_2593501015 | Title: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016 - dummies
Headings: How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
How to Add Notes to a Slide in PowerPoint 2016
About the Book Author
Content: Click the notes text object, where it reads Click to add notes. Type away. The text that you type appears in the notes area. As you create your notes, you can use any of the PowerPoint standard word-processing features, such as Cut, Copy, and Paste. Press Enter to create new paragraphs. Note that there is also a Notes button in the status bar at the bottom of the PowerPoint screen. You can click this button to hide or reveal notes. About the Book Author
Doug Lowe is a veteran author with more than 40 For Dummies books to his credit, including titles on everything from Microsoft Office productivity with PowerPoint to networking to programming in ASP.NET. Related Book
PowerPoint 2016 For Dummies
Related Articles
Using Presenter View in PowerPoint 2016
PowerPoint 2016 For Dummies Cheat Sheet
How to Show Your PowerPoint 2016 Presentation Online
Close X | https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/powerpoint/how-to-add-notes-to-a-slide-in-powerpoint-2016/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1277268258#15_2593951736 | Title: What’s New in PowerPoint 2019? - dummies
Headings: What’s New in PowerPoint 2019?
What’s New in PowerPoint 2019?
Morphing: Your Animation Simulator
Summarizing a Presentation Visually with Zoom
A Text Highlighter
Better Background Removal
A New, Optional Recording Tab
Other Goodies
Higher resolution export
Recordable inking
Use digital pen to advance the slideshow
New chart types
About the Book Author
Content: Select the Mark Areas to Keep button and then drag across a portion of the background. Notice that it’s a freeform drawing tool now; you don’t have to try to outline a curved area with tiny straight lines anymore. When you’re done, select Keep Changes to see the results of your background removal. A New, Optional Recording Tab
If you record a lot in PowerPoint, you may want to enable the new PowerPoint 2019 feature that is the Recording tab (File → Options → Customize Ribbon). From here you can capture a screenshot or a screen recording, record the slide show, insert audio and video for auto-play, or save the presentation as a show or a video. The Recording tab pulls together several types of recording in one convenient place. A PowerPoint Show is just like a regular PowerPoint presentation except it opens in Slide Show view by default. Other Goodies
Here are a few additional new features you’ll enjoy in PowerPoint 2019: Higher resolution export
When you export a presentation as a video, 4K resolution is now available as an option. | https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/powerpoint/whats-new-in-powerpoint-2019/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1277268258#16_2593953479 | Title: What’s New in PowerPoint 2019? - dummies
Headings: What’s New in PowerPoint 2019?
What’s New in PowerPoint 2019?
Morphing: Your Animation Simulator
Summarizing a Presentation Visually with Zoom
A Text Highlighter
Better Background Removal
A New, Optional Recording Tab
Other Goodies
Higher resolution export
Recordable inking
Use digital pen to advance the slideshow
New chart types
About the Book Author
Content: From here you can capture a screenshot or a screen recording, record the slide show, insert audio and video for auto-play, or save the presentation as a show or a video. The Recording tab pulls together several types of recording in one convenient place. A PowerPoint Show is just like a regular PowerPoint presentation except it opens in Slide Show view by default. Other Goodies
Here are a few additional new features you’ll enjoy in PowerPoint 2019: Higher resolution export
When you export a presentation as a video, 4K resolution is now available as an option. Recordable inking
Along with recording audio narration, you can now also record digital inking gestures. Inking in general is also improved and enhanced, as mentioned in the What’s New in Office 2019? article. Use digital pen to advance the slideshow
If you use a digital pen that support Bluetooth with your device, such as the Surface Pen 4, you can use your pen’s clicker (eraser button) to advance a slide show in Slide Show view. New chart types
All the new chart types in Excel 2019 are also available in PowerPoint as well. | https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-office/powerpoint/whats-new-in-powerpoint-2019/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1281492760#8_2604549630 | Title: How to Knock Down an Interior Wall in 5 Steps | Dumpsters.com
Headings: Your Guide to Knocking Down a Wall
Your Guide to Knocking Down a Wall
Everything You Need to Know to Confidently Remove an Interior Wall
How Much Does It Cost to Tear Down a Wall?
What to Expect if Your Wall Holds Weight
How to Tear Down a Wall in 5 Steps
Step 1: Collect the Right Materials for the Job
Tools and Equipment Needed to Remove a Wall
Materials Needed to Patch Your Ceiling and Floor Post-Wall Removal
Step 2: Prepare to Tear Down Your Wall
What Else to Look for Inside Your Wall
Step 3: Begin Knocking Down the Wall
Step 4: Cut and Remove Studs and Plates
Step 5: Repair Your Ceiling and Floor
Patch the Ceiling Where the Wall Was Removed
Repair Your Floor
Time to Enjoy Your New Space
What do you think?
Content: Get rid of insulation if you encounter it, however it’s unlikely for interior walls. Remove drywall from the other side of the wall once all the drywall is removed from the first side. Stay on the same side to see the studs and cut accurately. Pro Tip: Cut sections that you can remove in large, single pieces. And to save yourself from a tripping hazard and cleanup later, take them out to the dumpster as you remove. Step 4: Cut and Remove Studs and Plates
Cut through the studs at the bottom of the wall with a reciprocating saw. Ask one of your volunteers to help by holding the stud in place as you cut. Once you have cut through the stud and nails, pull it out. | https://www.dumpsters.com/blog/how-to-tear-down-a-wall |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1289548070#8_2621828148 | Title: When to Take a Pregnancy Test?
Headings: When Can I Take A
Pregnancy Test?
When Can I Take A Pregnancy Test?
First Day of Your Last Period
About
How Pregnancy Tests Work
hCG
Two Types of Home Pregnancy Tests
Purchasing Pregnancy Tests
How Soon Can You Take A Pregnancy Test?
When is the Earliest Time to Take an Early Home Pregnancy Test?
When is the Best Time to Take A Home Pregnancy Test for Greatest Accuracy?
Early Pregnancy Test Accuracy
Best Overall Time to Test
Understanding Pregnancy Test Lines
DPO
Earliest Tests to Buy
Content: The best times to test (using an early test) while not sacrificing too much accuracy: 12 to 13 days after ovulation (12dpo - 13dpo) or
1 to 2 days before your expected period
DPO = Days Past Ovulation
When is the Best Time to Take A Home Pregnancy Test for Greatest Accuracy? The best time to take a home pregnancy test (early test or regular test) for greatest accuracy: From 14 to 15 days after ovulation (14dpo - 15dpo) or
From the day of your expected period or soon after
DPO = Days Past Ovulation
Early Pregnancy Test Accuracy
Pregnancy test manufacturers give accuracies based on a woman ovulating/conceiving 14 days before her expected period. Also assumed is that each woman taking a pregnancy test knows the date her expected menstrual period is due or the length of her menstrual cycle. Both these variables can he highly irregular and affect how soon hCG is detectable. HCG starts being detectable in urine with its lowest accuracy at approximately 8 days after ovulation/conception. Accuracy is highest from 14 days after ovulation/conception which is commonly the day of the expected period for women with regular cycles. Best Overall Time to Test
Since most pregnancy test manufacturers claim highest accuracy from the day of your first missed period, we suggest taking a pregnancy test from the day you miss your first period . Understanding Pregnancy Test Lines
Most pregnancy tests will indicate a positive result by showing two lines, a cross, a marker, or the word pregnant. | https://www.duringpregnancy.com/calculators/whentotaketest.php |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1297820187#1_2639285677 | Title: 6 Skills You Need in Starting an Internal Audit Career
Headings: 6 Skills You Need in Starting an Internal Audit Career
6 Skills You Need in Starting an Internal Audit Career
What are internal auditor responsibilities?
What an Internal Auditor Career Path Looks Like
Read Next: Should You Outsource Your Internal Audit Function?
Core Skills and Competencies for Internal Auditors
Summary
Get reliable audit support
Content: In public companies, internal auditors are under the direction of the audit committee of the board of directors. This lends the audit committee full independence from the company’s management team, allowing them to report on operational issues as necessary. What an Internal Auditor Career Path Looks Like
In general, financial auditors begin their career in internal audit through a junior position immediately after earning a degree and a professional certification or license. Some of the common jump-off points for an internal audit career include positions in finance, accounting, or information technology. As for external auditors in public practice, a bachelor’s degree in accounting is required for you to obtain a license as a Certified Public Accountant, which is a general requirement for aspiring external auditors. Read Next: Should You Outsource Your Internal Audit Function? Core Skills and Competencies for Internal Auditors
In an extensive survey with chief audit executives, internal audit staff, and managers, the Institute for Internal Auditors Research Foundation identified the following knowledge areas and competencies as crucial in the execution of audit work: Communication skills, including oral communication, report writing, and presentation skills
Problem-solving skills (i.e., conceptual and analytical thinking)
Ability to promote the value of internal audit among key employees within the organization
Keeping abreast with regulatory changes and industry standards
Knowledge in auditing, internal audit standards, fraud awareness, and professional ethical standards. Knowledge in enterprise risk management (i.e., risk analysis and control assessment)
Other competencies that were identified in the survey were organizational skills, change management skills, critical thinking, teamwork, and conflict resolution and negotiation skills. | https://www.dvphilippines.com/blog/6-skills-you-need-in-starting-an-internal-audit-career |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1298363458#13_2640416085 | Title:
Headings:
Dialectical
Journal:
The
Great
Gatsby
by
F.
Scott
Fitzgerald
Expectations:
Dates:
Category
Options:
Chapter
1
Example:
Literary
Criticism
Content: Feminist
Criticism
-
focuses
on
judging
the
work
by
asking
if
the
author
uses
female
characters
to
portray
male
fears
and
anxieties
rather
than
depicting
female
characters
as
complex,
independent,
autonomous
beings. Ask
if
the
work
employs
female
characters
solely
as
devices
to
further
the
development
of
male
characters. Does
the
author
fail
to
imagine
the
face
of
their
female
characters? The
goal
is
not
only
to
present
positive
images
of
women,
but
to
present
believable
and
complex
characters
that
seem
realistically
flawed
and
understandable. As
a
feminist
critic,
you
will
find
areas
in
the
text
that
answer
these
questions
and
work
to
expose
stereotypes
or
applaud
the
author’s
representation
of
female
characters
as
real
and
believable. Problems
with
this
criticism
-
many
criticize
it
as
too
narrow
in
evaluating
literature
-
that
there
are
more
profound
differences
in
individuals
as
a
generalized
difference
of
men
and
women,
which
leads
to
the
danger
of
absolutes. Formalist
Criticism
-
focuses
on
close
reading
of
the
writer’s
craft
and
careful
analysis
to
take
apart
a
text
to
see
how
it
works. The
reader
focuses | https://www.dvusd.org/cms/lib011/AZ01901092/Centricity/Domain/4781/TGG.Dialectical.journal.bondire.pdf |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1299594483#11_2643210531 | Title: What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes | Film | DW | 21.02.2019
Headings: What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes
Data analysis
What Hollywood movies do to perpetuate racial stereotypes
From racist caricatures to lingering stereotypes
Minority groups underrepresented
Black characters die first
If Africa is featured, it's dangerous and untouched by civilization
Latino characters are defined by their sex appeal
Germans in movies are still often Nazis
A British accent is an indicator of evil
Russians: Tough, rough and played by non-Russians
Diversity pays
DW recommends
Oscars: The winning factors to land among the best films
WWW links
Data and code behind this analysis
More data journalism by DW
Audios and videos on the topic
How to get an Oscar nomination
Content: In fact, they barely appeared at all, except as caricatures played by white actors in blackface. This practice originated in the American theater tradition of minstrelsy, in which racist stereotypes about black people were a staple. Blackface occurs much less frequently now, after a long period of criticism of the practice: In Dear White People, for example, college fraternity members throw a blackface-themed party, which the film, as well as the Netflix series of the same name, use as the basis for a discussion of racism at colleges across the United States. But, as Hollywood has featured more black characters and cast more black actors, it has also emphasized other stereotypes. To this day, black men are often portrayed as scary or angry and black women as loudmouthed and sassy. If a movie features one token black character, it's likely to be the black best friend. And, if people die in a movie, the black character is still likely to go first. Even with awareness of racial stereotypes rising, Hollywood persists with these tropes. If Africa is featured, it's dangerous and untouched by civilization
Hollywood's stereotypical depictions of black people mostly refer to black Americans. | https://www.dw.com/en/hollywood-movies-stereotypes-prejudice-data-analysis/a-47561660 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1299782481#9_2643675898 | Title: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal | Americas| North and South American news impacting on Europe | DW | 13.05.2018
Headings: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Americas
In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Forced decision
Helplessness rather than jubilation
Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Squatting and playing
Modern slavery
Content: Power, he says, is also articulated through corporeal dominance — it is the noisy ghost of slavery that refuses to go away. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Squatting and playing
Isabelle plays in an old warehouse in the Rua da Lapa, in Rio’s city center. Her grandparents squatted in the place more than 30 years ago. Over time they constructed walls, rooms, and a bar inside. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Colonial decline
For the most part, old 19th century colonial-style houses are left abandoned, usually when the original Portuguese owners die. More often than not, the poor move in, as Rio's rich prefer the newly constructed apartment buildings. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Exploiting every space available
Very often the houses are divided into compartments to accommodate as many people as possible. | https://www.dw.com/en/in-brazil-the-wounds-of-slavery-will-not-heal/a-43754519 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1299782481#10_2643677420 | Title: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal | Americas| North and South American news impacting on Europe | DW | 13.05.2018
Headings: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Americas
In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Forced decision
Helplessness rather than jubilation
Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Squatting and playing
Modern slavery
Content: Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Colonial decline
For the most part, old 19th century colonial-style houses are left abandoned, usually when the original Portuguese owners die. More often than not, the poor move in, as Rio's rich prefer the newly constructed apartment buildings. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Exploiting every space available
Very often the houses are divided into compartments to accommodate as many people as possible. This ramshackle building near Gloria metro is home to around 30 people in 18 rooms who share a common kitchen. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Down, but not out
As a result of rising prices and a lingering economic crisis the population of homeless people in Rio has tripled in the past years. At night they look for a quiet place to sleep such as here in Rua da Lapa. Squatting in Rio: | https://www.dw.com/en/in-brazil-the-wounds-of-slavery-will-not-heal/a-43754519 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1299782481#11_2643678943 | Title: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal | Americas| North and South American news impacting on Europe | DW | 13.05.2018
Headings: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Americas
In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Forced decision
Helplessness rather than jubilation
Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Squatting and playing
Modern slavery
Content: This ramshackle building near Gloria metro is home to around 30 people in 18 rooms who share a common kitchen. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Down, but not out
As a result of rising prices and a lingering economic crisis the population of homeless people in Rio has tripled in the past years. At night they look for a quiet place to sleep such as here in Rua da Lapa. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Organized squatting
Sometimes the act of squatting takes on a well-prepared and organized form, spearheaded by social institutions, like this one in Mariana Crioula in the port area. For more than seven years they've been putting pressure on the government to construct apartments. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Waiting for approval
The 70 members of this initiative pay a contribution and hope, one day, to obtain an apartment. A meeting is held every two weeks. | https://www.dw.com/en/in-brazil-the-wounds-of-slavery-will-not-heal/a-43754519 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1299782481#12_2643680507 | Title: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal | Americas| North and South American news impacting on Europe | DW | 13.05.2018
Headings: In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Americas
In Brazil the wounds of slavery will not heal
Forced decision
Helplessness rather than jubilation
Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Squatting and playing
Modern slavery
Content: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Organized squatting
Sometimes the act of squatting takes on a well-prepared and organized form, spearheaded by social institutions, like this one in Mariana Crioula in the port area. For more than seven years they've been putting pressure on the government to construct apartments. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Waiting for approval
The 70 members of this initiative pay a contribution and hope, one day, to obtain an apartment. A meeting is held every two weeks. Their proposals, including the outlines by architects, have been approved, but the final step to free up the funds to start the construction is still being held up. Squatting in Rio: How the poor are reclaiming their rights
Starting from scratch
Quilombo da Gamboa is another social project trying the same process. However, living here is stressful. " A few weeks ago there was a fire that ruined part of the place. | https://www.dw.com/en/in-brazil-the-wounds-of-slavery-will-not-heal/a-43754519 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1300082238#3_2644387083 | Title: Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about? | News | DW | 14.07.2018
Headings: Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?
News
Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?
What is Nord Stream 2?
Why is it controversial?
Ukraine fears the Nord Stream Pipeline
Trump slams Germany over pipeline at NATO
Content: The rest, however, is being financed by five western companies: ENGIE, OMV, Royal Dutch Shell, Uniper and Wintershall. Read more: Russian pipe dream hits raw European nerve
Why is it controversial? EU countries: The planned route bypasses central and eastern European countries such as Slovakia and Poland, leaving them without a chance to collect lucrative gas transit fees. Moreover, with Russia having means to directly deliver gas to its most important buyer, Germany, it would be much easier for the Russian government to shut off existing pipelines leading through Eastern Europe. The project also runs contrary to Brussels' efforts to wean Europe off Russian gas. In April 2018, the EU Commission refused to back the project, saying it did not contribute to the EU goals of diversifying the gas supplies. Separately, environmentalists claim the pipeline would be harmful for the flora and fauna of the Baltic Sea. | https://www.dw.com/en/nord-stream-2-gas-pipeline-what-is-the-controversy-about/a-44677741 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1300082238#4_2644388603 | Title: Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about? | News | DW | 14.07.2018
Headings: Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?
News
Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?
What is Nord Stream 2?
Why is it controversial?
Ukraine fears the Nord Stream Pipeline
Trump slams Germany over pipeline at NATO
Content: The planned route bypasses central and eastern European countries such as Slovakia and Poland, leaving them without a chance to collect lucrative gas transit fees. Moreover, with Russia having means to directly deliver gas to its most important buyer, Germany, it would be much easier for the Russian government to shut off existing pipelines leading through Eastern Europe. The project also runs contrary to Brussels' efforts to wean Europe off Russian gas. In April 2018, the EU Commission refused to back the project, saying it did not contribute to the EU goals of diversifying the gas supplies. Separately, environmentalists claim the pipeline would be harmful for the flora and fauna of the Baltic Sea. This video file cannot be played. ( Error Code: 102630)
Watch video 01:33
Share
Ukraine fears the Nord Stream Pipeline
Send Facebook Twitter reddit EMail Facebook Messenger Web Whatsapp Web Telegram linkedin
Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/2ySpw
Ukraine fears the Nord Stream Pipeline
Ukraine: Russia could easily cut off gas supplies to Ukraine in order to put pressure on Kyiv. Ukraine is making about $2 billion (€1.7) on gas transit fees per year, making it a key source of income for the country. | https://www.dw.com/en/nord-stream-2-gas-pipeline-what-is-the-controversy-about/a-44677741 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1300082238#8_2644394943 | Title: Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about? | News | DW | 14.07.2018
Headings: Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?
News
Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?
What is Nord Stream 2?
Why is it controversial?
Ukraine fears the Nord Stream Pipeline
Trump slams Germany over pipeline at NATO
Content: However, the US gas is more expensive than that supplied through Russian pipelines. What does the future hold for Nord Stream 2? Berlin's response: Germany has so far stuck to its guns and presented the project as a purely economic issue. Its officials emphasize that West Germany imported gas from the Soviet Union during the Cold War era, and that Moscow is more dependent on exporting gas than the other way around. Also, with European gas fields nearly spent and Germany phasing out nuclear power, Berlin needs a reliable source of energy to facilitate its long-term shift to renewable sources. Pressuring Russia over Ukraine: At the same time, Chancellor Angela Merkel sought to alleviate fears in Kyiv while meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin in May 2018. " The German viewpoint is that Ukraine would have to keep its role as a transit nation after Nord Stream 2 has been completed," she said. " This is a matter of strategic significance." | https://www.dw.com/en/nord-stream-2-gas-pipeline-what-is-the-controversy-about/a-44677741 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1310124070#3_2664772097 | Title: Thermally Broken Metal Windows: Benefits | Dynamic Architectural
Headings: Benefits of Thermally Broken Metal Windows
Benefits of Thermally Broken Metal Windows
The basic performance premise is:
What “Thermally Broken” Means
For those who prefer visuals, here’s a quick example:
Key Points to Note with Thermally Broken Windows
Content: While the name itself has a negative connotation to it, the concept is very positive when it comes to metal windows and doors. In layperson’s terms, thermally broken refers to high-performance insulator material separating two metal halves, whether aluminum, steel, or bronze. The insulator cuts down the ‘thermal bridging.’ With NON thermally-broken systems, or solid metal systems, cold and heat can exit or enter the interior of the home by travelling or “bridging” through the solid metal perimeter frame or true divided muntins. Thermally broken refers to high-performance insulator material separating two metal halves — aluminum, steel or bronze. Introduce the ‘broken’ aspect via thermal insulator, and the insulator acts as a defensive line against thermal transfer. Whether heat or cold, thermal transfer (or lack of it) does affect the comfort level inside the home. We invest in heating and air-conditioning in order to be comfortable. It’s no different with your thermally broken windows. It is literally a “Quality of Life” component. | https://www.dynamicwindows.com/benefits-thermally-broken-metal-windows/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1315581992#6_2677208605 | Title: 7.3b How Corn is Processed to Make Ethanol | EGEE 439: Alternative Fuels from Biomass Sources
Headings: 7.3b How Corn is Processed to Make Ethanol
7.3b How Corn is Processed to Make Ethanol
7.3b How Corn is Processed to Make Ethanol
Click here for a text alternative to figure 7.10a
Click here for a text alternative to figure 7.10b
Grinding
Figure 7.11: Hammermill for dry grinding of corn.
Cooking and Liquefaction
Figure 7.12: Corn starch mixed with water is being poured into a sauce mixture; as it heats, it will thicken to form a sauce or gravy.
Figure 7.13: The three option types for liquefaction processing of corn mash.
Click here for a text alternative to figure 7.13
Three processes
Process Type 1
α-amylase added; incubated at 85-95ºC
Process Type 2
Jet cooker 105-120ºC for 2-7 minutes
Flash Tank to 90ºC; add α-amylase for 3 hours
Process Type 3
α-amylase added
Heating/Jet cooking @ 150ºC
Flash tank to 90ºC ; add more α-amylase
Credit: BEEMS Module B5
Click here for a text alternative to figure 7.14a
Figure 7.14b: Schematic of a β-amylase.
Saccharification
Figure 7.14c: Schematic of a glucoamylase (aka a ϒ-amylase).
Table 7.2: Different enzymes used in starch depolymerization. (Credit: MF Chaplin and C. Bucke, Enzyme Technology, Cambridge University Press, 1990)
Fermentation
Distillation and Increase of Ethanol Concentration
Figure 7.15: Distillation unit for increasing concentration of ethanol.
Figure 7.16a: The first unit is the dehydrator to remove water while the second unit is having the water removed.
Click here for a text alternative to figure 7.16a
The diagram shows 95% EtOH vapor from distillation going into Unit 1: a high pressure dehydrating bed. Out of that 60-85%, EtOH goes to the final product while 15-40% of the EtOH enters unit 2, a low-pressure vacuum regenerating bed. Out of this, the wet EtOH Vapor goes back to distillation.
Credit: BEEMS Module B5
Figure 7.16b: The units switch places because the second bed of zeolite had the moisture removed and now acts as a dehydrator.
Figure 7.17: How the sieve works to keep water in and ethanol out.
Figure 7.18a: Product recovery diagram of ethanol and other products.
Click here for a text alternative to figure 7.18a
Product recovery diagram of ethanol and other products. From fermentation, CO 2 is recovered along with Beer: 12-13% Ethanol. From there distillation occurs. This recovers 95% ethanol which goes through a molecular sieve to become 100% ethanol and goes into denatured ethanol storage with gasoline. From distillation whole stillage is also recovered. This goes into separation/centrifugation and yields thin stillage and WDG. The thin stillage is either recycled or it goes into the evaporator and becomes syrup. The WDG and syrup are combined to become WDGS. The WDGS goes into the dry and becomes DDGS.
Credit: BEEMS Module B5
Figure 7.18b: Product separation/recovery terminology.
Click here for a text alternative to figure 7.18b
The image defines terminology.
Whole Stillage (waste liquid from distillation) goes to centrifuge or filter presses.
Thin Stillage (liquid from centrifuge) is recycled or evaporated to make
Syrup (solubles) which are added to the
WDG (Wet distillers grains) which are then dried to make
DDGS (Distiller Dried Grains with Solubles)
Credit: BEEMS Module B5
Content: A screen at the bottom allows particles that are small enough to leave the unit and keep in the larger particles to continue to be hammered until all the material is in the correct size range. The grinding helps to break the tough outer coatings of the corn kernel, which will increase the surface area of the starch. Once the corn is broken down, it is mixed/ slurried with heated water to form a mash or slurry. Figure 7.11: Hammermill for dry grinding of corn. Credit: Feed Machinery
(link is external)
Cooking and Liquefaction
Once the corn slurry (mash) is made, it goes through cooking and liquefaction. The cooking stage is also called gelatinization. Water interacts with the starch granules in the corn when the temperature is >60°C and forms a viscous suspension. Have you ever cooked with cornstarch to make thick gravy? | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/egee439/node/673 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#0_2678511338 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Module 4 - Individual and Collective Action
Module 4 - Individual and Collective Action
Introduction
About Module 4
In Module 3, we learned some basic ethical principles related to what actions we should take with respect to the environment. In this module, we’ll learn some fundamentals of actually achieving successful (or unsuccessful) actions. There are two main types of action: individual action and collective action. This module discusses both. In addition, through the Written Assignment associated with this module, we’ll address an imaginary situation where collective action is needed to avoid the depletion of natural resources. Note that a lot of what we’ll learn in this module is applicable to a broad range of actions, not just actions related to the environment. How can you get your roommates to keep your apartment clean? How can societies get everyone to contribute to public services? These topics and many others are informed by the content in Module 4. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#1_2678512552 | Title:
Headings:
Content: In addition, through the Written Assignment associated with this module, we’ll address an imaginary situation where collective action is needed to avoid the depletion of natural resources. Note that a lot of what we’ll learn in this module is applicable to a broad range of actions, not just actions related to the environment. How can you get your roommates to keep your apartment clean? How can societies get everyone to contribute to public services? These topics and many others are informed by the content in Module 4. What will we learn in Module 4? By the end of Module 4, you should be able to: explain the difference between individual action and collective action; define collective action problems, as well as a specific types of collective action problems: the tragedy of the commons; | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#2_2678513573 | Title:
Headings:
Content: What will we learn in Module 4? By the end of Module 4, you should be able to: explain the difference between individual action and collective action; define collective action problems, as well as a specific types of collective action problems: the tragedy of the commons; explain the three types of solutions to collective action problems: government regulation, private ownership, and community self-organization; explain the relationship between collective action and social norms, as well as the influence of social norms on individual actions. What is due for Module 4? For specific due dates for Written Assignment 4, please refer to Canvas. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#5_2678516250 | Title:
Headings:
Content: The Tragedy of the Commons, Revisited
Solving collective action problems
No submission
Reading Assignment: The Maine Lobster Marketing Collaborative
Solving collective action problems
No submission
Written Assignment 2: Carbon Footprints Individual vs. Collective Action
Written Assignments
Submit in Canvas
Questions? If you have any questions, please post them to our Course Q & A discussion forum in Canvas. I will check that discussion forum often to respond. While you are there, feel free to post your own responses if you, too, are able to help out a classmate. If you have a more specific concern, please send me a message through Inbox in Canvas. Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Your actions affect the environment. For example: When you use a car, bus, or airplane, oil is burned, sending greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and changing the global climate. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#6_2678517375 | Title:
Headings:
Content: While you are there, feel free to post your own responses if you, too, are able to help out a classmate. If you have a more specific concern, please send me a message through Inbox in Canvas. Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Your actions affect the environment. For example: When you use a car, bus, or airplane, oil is burned, sending greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and changing the global climate. Fueling these vehicles also involves extracting oil from oil wells in the ground. ( There are some exceptions: vehicles that use electricity or natural gas instead of oil, though both of these typically involve emitting greenhouse gases and extracting resources from the ground.) When you eat meat or other animal products that come from “factory farms” – which is most meat/animal products sold in the United States – the farming process causes several environmental impacts, including deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emission. When you choose where to live – including which city to live in and which neighborhood to live in within the city – there are several environmental impacts, including how much energy your residence and transportation uses and how heavily you will stress water supplies. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#7_2678518875 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Fueling these vehicles also involves extracting oil from oil wells in the ground. ( There are some exceptions: vehicles that use electricity or natural gas instead of oil, though both of these typically involve emitting greenhouse gases and extracting resources from the ground.) When you eat meat or other animal products that come from “factory farms” – which is most meat/animal products sold in the United States – the farming process causes several environmental impacts, including deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emission. When you choose where to live – including which city to live in and which neighborhood to live in within the city – there are several environmental impacts, including how much energy your residence and transportation uses and how heavily you will stress water supplies. When you exercise your voice or your vote in a democracy, you influence the policies that the government will take, including policies it takes on the environment. But for each of these actions, you’re not the only person doing it. Other people drive, ride buses and airplanes, eat meat and other animal products, choose certain cities and neighborhoods, and speak up and vote in any given democracy. Individual actionrefers to the actions taken by one individual person, acting based on his or her personal decisions. Collective actionrefers to the actions taken by a collection or group of people, acting based on a collective decision. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#8_2678520577 | Title:
Headings:
Content: When you exercise your voice or your vote in a democracy, you influence the policies that the government will take, including policies it takes on the environment. But for each of these actions, you’re not the only person doing it. Other people drive, ride buses and airplanes, eat meat and other animal products, choose certain cities and neighborhoods, and speak up and vote in any given democracy. Individual actionrefers to the actions taken by one individual person, acting based on his or her personal decisions. Collective actionrefers to the actions taken by a collection or group of people, acting based on a collective decision. For example, if you choose to walk instead of drive, then you are taking an individual action. Or, if you are part of a neighborhood that chooses to install sidewalks to help people there walk more, then you are involved in a collective action. Collective action often involves larger scales, since there are more people involved. However, it is possible to take individual action on large-scale issues, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to reduce global climate change. One question that often comes up in the context of collective action, especially for big global environmental issues, is: | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#9_2678522032 | Title:
Headings:
Content: For example, if you choose to walk instead of drive, then you are taking an individual action. Or, if you are part of a neighborhood that chooses to install sidewalks to help people there walk more, then you are involved in a collective action. Collective action often involves larger scales, since there are more people involved. However, it is possible to take individual action on large-scale issues, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to reduce global climate change. One question that often comes up in the context of collective action, especially for big global environmental issues, is: Given that there are so many other people whose actions are affecting the issue, what difference do my own individual actions make? The answer is that an individual’s actions almost always still make a difference, even if there are many other people involved. For example, if you reduce your greenhouse gas emissions, there will be less climate change. To be sure, there still will be climate change. No one can prevent something as big as climate change without any collective action. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#10_2678523334 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Given that there are so many other people whose actions are affecting the issue, what difference do my own individual actions make? The answer is that an individual’s actions almost always still make a difference, even if there are many other people involved. For example, if you reduce your greenhouse gas emissions, there will be less climate change. To be sure, there still will be climate change. No one can prevent something as big as climate change without any collective action. But there will be less climate change, and that is something we can care about. But an individual can also influence what collective actions are made. When you get involved in your government, or your neighborhood, or an organization, or even just a group of friends or family, you often influence what actions other people take. Likewise, other people are often influencing what actions you take. There are specific steps you can take to influence collective action. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#11_2678524504 | Title:
Headings:
Content: But there will be less climate change, and that is something we can care about. But an individual can also influence what collective actions are made. When you get involved in your government, or your neighborhood, or an organization, or even just a group of friends or family, you often influence what actions other people take. Likewise, other people are often influencing what actions you take. There are specific steps you can take to influence collective action. We’ll learn some of these later in this module. Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Two concepts from ethics that we did not touch on in Module 3 are altruism (selflessness) and selfishness. Perhaps we should be altruistic and make personal sacrifices to help others. But, for better or worse, people often are at least somewhat selfish. Collective action problems arise when people are selfish and thus fail to achieve successful collective actions. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#12_2678525659 | Title:
Headings:
Content: We’ll learn some of these later in this module. Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Two concepts from ethics that we did not touch on in Module 3 are altruism (selflessness) and selfishness. Perhaps we should be altruistic and make personal sacrifices to help others. But, for better or worse, people often are at least somewhat selfish. Collective action problems arise when people are selfish and thus fail to achieve successful collective actions. A collective action problemis a scenario in which there is conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. In the scenario, each individual in the group faces a choice to either act selfishly or cooperate. In a collective action problem it is always in the individual’s best interest to act selfishly, regardless of what the other individuals do. However, if all individuals act selfishly, then they all get worse outcomes than if they all cooperate. In other words, it is in the individual’s interest to act selfishly, but it is in the group’s interest to have everyone cooperate. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#13_2678526960 | Title:
Headings:
Content: A collective action problemis a scenario in which there is conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. In the scenario, each individual in the group faces a choice to either act selfishly or cooperate. In a collective action problem it is always in the individual’s best interest to act selfishly, regardless of what the other individuals do. However, if all individuals act selfishly, then they all get worse outcomes than if they all cooperate. In other words, it is in the individual’s interest to act selfishly, but it is in the group’s interest to have everyone cooperate. This is the conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. Environmental Collective Action Problems
Collective action problems are widespread throughout environmental issues. Usually, they involve scenarios in which individuals want to act selfishly in a way that would harm the environment, but groups would benefit from environmental protection. Here are some examples: Individuals often want to do things that emit a lot of greenhouse gases, but society overall may be better off with less climate change. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316134336#14_2678528313 | Title:
Headings:
Content: This is the conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. Environmental Collective Action Problems
Collective action problems are widespread throughout environmental issues. Usually, they involve scenarios in which individuals want to act selfishly in a way that would harm the environment, but groups would benefit from environmental protection. Here are some examples: Individuals often want to do things that emit a lot of greenhouse gases, but society overall may be better off with less climate change. Individuals often want to drive cars so as to get around faster, but driving causes more air pollution that harms the whole group. Additionally, driving can cause traffic jams, whereas public transit avoids traffic jams. The car/transit decision is often a collective action problem for travel time: each individual travels faster by driving regardless of what other individuals do, but the group will overall travel faster if everyone takes transit than if everyone drives. Individuals may want to harvest scarce natural resources that are up for grabs, but society overall may be better off if everyone avoids using too much of these resources. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/book/export/html/340 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316212165#0_2678614769 | Title: Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Environmental Collective Action Problems
Content: Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Collective Action Problems
Print
Collective Action Problems
Two concepts from ethics that we did not touch on in Module 3 are altruism (selflessness) and selfishness. Perhaps we should be altruistic and make personal sacrifices to help others. But, for better or worse, people often are at least somewhat selfish. Collective action problems arise when people are selfish and thus fail to achieve successful collective actions. A collective action problem is a scenario in which there is conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. In the scenario, each individual in the group faces a choice to either act selfishly or cooperate. In a collective action problem it is always in the individual’s best interest to act selfishly, regardless of what the other individuals do. However, if all individuals act selfishly, then they all get worse outcomes than if they all cooperate. In other words, it is in the individual’s interest to act selfishly, but it is in the group’s interest to have everyone cooperate. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316212165#1_2678616301 | Title: Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Environmental Collective Action Problems
Content: A collective action problem is a scenario in which there is conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. In the scenario, each individual in the group faces a choice to either act selfishly or cooperate. In a collective action problem it is always in the individual’s best interest to act selfishly, regardless of what the other individuals do. However, if all individuals act selfishly, then they all get worse outcomes than if they all cooperate. In other words, it is in the individual’s interest to act selfishly, but it is in the group’s interest to have everyone cooperate. This is the conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. Environmental Collective Action Problems
Collective action problems are widespread throughout environmental issues. Usually, they involve scenarios in which individuals want to act selfishly in a way that would harm the environment, but groups would benefit from environmental protection. Here are some examples: Individuals often want to do things that emit a lot of greenhouse gases, but society overall may be better off with less climate change. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316212165#2_2678617847 | Title: Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Environmental Collective Action Problems
Content: This is the conflict between the individual interest and the group interest. Environmental Collective Action Problems
Collective action problems are widespread throughout environmental issues. Usually, they involve scenarios in which individuals want to act selfishly in a way that would harm the environment, but groups would benefit from environmental protection. Here are some examples: Individuals often want to do things that emit a lot of greenhouse gases, but society overall may be better off with less climate change. Individuals often want to drive cars so as to get around faster, but driving causes more air pollution that harms the whole group. Additionally, driving can cause traffic jams, whereas public transit avoids traffic jams. The car/transit decision is often a collective action problem for travel time: each individual travels faster by driving regardless of what other individuals do, but the group will overall travel faster if everyone takes transit than if everyone drives. Individuals may want to harvest scarce natural resources that are up for grabs, but society overall may be better off if everyone avoids using too much of these resources. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316212165#3_2678619426 | Title: Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Collective Action Problems
Environmental Collective Action Problems
Content: Individuals often want to drive cars so as to get around faster, but driving causes more air pollution that harms the whole group. Additionally, driving can cause traffic jams, whereas public transit avoids traffic jams. The car/transit decision is often a collective action problem for travel time: each individual travels faster by driving regardless of what other individuals do, but the group will overall travel faster if everyone takes transit than if everyone drives. Individuals may want to harvest scarce natural resources that are up for grabs, but society overall may be better off if everyone avoids using too much of these resources. This last example is closely related to the "tragedy of the commons". This concept has an important connection to sustainability and is worth considering in greater detail. ‹ Individual vs. Collective Action up The Tragedy of the Commons › | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316225204#0_2678647521 | Title: Solving Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Reading Assignment: "Tragedy of the Commons, Revisited"
Reading Assignment: The Maine Lobster Marketing Collaborative
Social Norms
Consider This: Cycling as a Social Norm in Copenhagen
Copenhagen’s Climate-Friendly, Bike-Friendly Streets
from STREETFILMS
Content: Solving Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Solving Collective Action Problems
Print
Solving Collective Action Problems
Fortunately, as we learned at the close of the last section, we are not doomed to suffer the consequences of failing to cooperate on collective action problems. People can and often do act collectively, even if they still hold selfish ethical views. There are three major types of solutions to collective action problems: Government regulation: A government can declare it against the law to act selfishly and require individuals to cooperate. Private ownership: If someone owns a resource, then he or she can restrict access to it. Furthermore, it will be in his or her interest to prevent the resource from collapsing. Community self-organization: | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/344 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316225204#1_2678649002 | Title: Solving Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Reading Assignment: "Tragedy of the Commons, Revisited"
Reading Assignment: The Maine Lobster Marketing Collaborative
Social Norms
Consider This: Cycling as a Social Norm in Copenhagen
Copenhagen’s Climate-Friendly, Bike-Friendly Streets
from STREETFILMS
Content: A government can declare it against the law to act selfishly and require individuals to cooperate. Private ownership: If someone owns a resource, then he or she can restrict access to it. Furthermore, it will be in his or her interest to prevent the resource from collapsing. Community self-organization: Groups of individuals can work together to foster cooperation. Historically, academic research on collective action problems focused on government regulation and private ownership. Researchers often assumed that without the formalized mechanisms of government and private property, individuals could not come together to cooperate. As we noted in the last section, Garrett Hardin - author of The Tragedy of the Commons - was advocating for privatization (he was also, incidentally, a neomalthusian). However, over recent years, research has shown that community self-organization can be successful – and often is. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/344 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316225204#2_2678650587 | Title: Solving Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Reading Assignment: "Tragedy of the Commons, Revisited"
Reading Assignment: The Maine Lobster Marketing Collaborative
Social Norms
Consider This: Cycling as a Social Norm in Copenhagen
Copenhagen’s Climate-Friendly, Bike-Friendly Streets
from STREETFILMS
Content: Groups of individuals can work together to foster cooperation. Historically, academic research on collective action problems focused on government regulation and private ownership. Researchers often assumed that without the formalized mechanisms of government and private property, individuals could not come together to cooperate. As we noted in the last section, Garrett Hardin - author of The Tragedy of the Commons - was advocating for privatization (he was also, incidentally, a neomalthusian). However, over recent years, research has shown that community self-organization can be successful – and often is. Furthermore, we now know that in many cases government regulation and private ownership fail to solve collective action problems. Much of what we know about community self-organization comes from the research of Elinor Ostrom. Ostrom was a political scientist who spent most of her career at Indiana University and Arizona State University before she passed away in 2012. For her work, Ostrom was a co-recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics – the first woman ever to receive this award. Reading Assignment: " | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/344 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316225204#3_2678652390 | Title: Solving Collective Action Problems | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Solving Collective Action Problems
Reading Assignment: "Tragedy of the Commons, Revisited"
Reading Assignment: The Maine Lobster Marketing Collaborative
Social Norms
Consider This: Cycling as a Social Norm in Copenhagen
Copenhagen’s Climate-Friendly, Bike-Friendly Streets
from STREETFILMS
Content: Furthermore, we now know that in many cases government regulation and private ownership fail to solve collective action problems. Much of what we know about community self-organization comes from the research of Elinor Ostrom. Ostrom was a political scientist who spent most of her career at Indiana University and Arizona State University before she passed away in 2012. For her work, Ostrom was a co-recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics – the first woman ever to receive this award. Reading Assignment: " Tragedy of the Commons, Revisited"
Please read the article " The Tragedy of the Commons, Revisited
(link is external)
" from Scientific Armerican, available online. As you read this, think about what factors make some types of solutions to collective action problems succeed and others fail. How might you use these insights to help solve collective action problems in your own life? The viability of community self-organization is especially important because it is often the only option available. Governments have busy agendas and cannot consider all collective action problems. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/344 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316238766#0_2678681609 | Title: Individual vs. Collective Action | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Content: Individual vs. Collective Action | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Individual vs. Collective Action
Print
Individual vs. Collective Action
Your actions affect the environment. For example: When you use a car, bus, or airplane, oil is burned, sending greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and changing the global climate. Fueling these vehicles also involves extracting oil from oil wells in the ground. ( There are some exceptions: vehicles that use electricity or natural gas instead of oil, though both of these typically involve emitting greenhouse gases and extracting resources from the ground.) When you eat meat or other animal products that come from “factory farms” – which is most meat/animal products sold in the United States – the farming process causes several environmental impacts, including deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emission. When you choose where to live – including which city to live in and which neighborhood to live in within the city – there are several environmental impacts, including how much energy your residence and transportation uses and how heavily you will stress water supplies. When you exercise your voice or your vote in a democracy, you influence the policies that the government will take, including policies it takes on the environment. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/346 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316238766#1_2678683352 | Title: Individual vs. Collective Action | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Content: There are some exceptions: vehicles that use electricity or natural gas instead of oil, though both of these typically involve emitting greenhouse gases and extracting resources from the ground.) When you eat meat or other animal products that come from “factory farms” – which is most meat/animal products sold in the United States – the farming process causes several environmental impacts, including deforestation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emission. When you choose where to live – including which city to live in and which neighborhood to live in within the city – there are several environmental impacts, including how much energy your residence and transportation uses and how heavily you will stress water supplies. When you exercise your voice or your vote in a democracy, you influence the policies that the government will take, including policies it takes on the environment. But for each of these actions, you’re not the only person doing it. Other people drive, ride buses and airplanes, eat meat and other animal products, choose certain cities and neighborhoods, and speak up and vote in any given democracy. Individual action refers to the actions taken by one individual person, acting based on his or her personal decisions. Collective action refers to the actions taken by a collection or group of people, acting based on a collective decision. For example, if you choose to walk instead of drive, then you are taking an individual action. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/346 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316238766#2_2678685242 | Title: Individual vs. Collective Action | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Content: But for each of these actions, you’re not the only person doing it. Other people drive, ride buses and airplanes, eat meat and other animal products, choose certain cities and neighborhoods, and speak up and vote in any given democracy. Individual action refers to the actions taken by one individual person, acting based on his or her personal decisions. Collective action refers to the actions taken by a collection or group of people, acting based on a collective decision. For example, if you choose to walk instead of drive, then you are taking an individual action. Or, if you are part of a neighborhood that chooses to install sidewalks to help people there walk more, then you are involved in a collective action. Collective action often involves larger scales, since there are more people involved. However, it is possible to take individual action on large-scale issues, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to reduce global climate change. One question that often comes up in the context of collective action, especially for big global environmental issues, is: Given that there are so many other people whose actions are affecting the issue, what difference do my own individual actions make? | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/346 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316238766#3_2678686843 | Title: Individual vs. Collective Action | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Content: Or, if you are part of a neighborhood that chooses to install sidewalks to help people there walk more, then you are involved in a collective action. Collective action often involves larger scales, since there are more people involved. However, it is possible to take individual action on large-scale issues, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions to reduce global climate change. One question that often comes up in the context of collective action, especially for big global environmental issues, is: Given that there are so many other people whose actions are affecting the issue, what difference do my own individual actions make? The answer is that an individual’s actions almost always still make a difference, even if there are many other people involved. For example, if you reduce your greenhouse gas emissions, there will be less climate change. To be sure, there still will be climate change. No one can prevent something as big as climate change without any collective action. But there will be less climate change, and that is something we can care about. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/346 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316238766#4_2678688306 | Title: Individual vs. Collective Action | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Content: The answer is that an individual’s actions almost always still make a difference, even if there are many other people involved. For example, if you reduce your greenhouse gas emissions, there will be less climate change. To be sure, there still will be climate change. No one can prevent something as big as climate change without any collective action. But there will be less climate change, and that is something we can care about. But an individual can also influence what collective actions are made. When you get involved in your government, or your neighborhood, or an organization, or even just a group of friends or family, you often influence what actions other people take. Likewise, other people are often influencing what actions you take. There are specific steps you can take to influence collective action. We’ll learn some of these later in this module. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/346 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316238766#5_2678689572 | Title: Individual vs. Collective Action | GEOG 30N: Environment and Society in a Changing World
Headings: Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Individual vs. Collective Action
Content: But an individual can also influence what collective actions are made. When you get involved in your government, or your neighborhood, or an organization, or even just a group of friends or family, you often influence what actions other people take. Likewise, other people are often influencing what actions you take. There are specific steps you can take to influence collective action. We’ll learn some of these later in this module. ‹ Introduction up Collective Action Problems › | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/346 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316356711#6_2678988434 | Title: The Organization and Infrastructure of Terrorist Groups | GEOG 571: Cultural Intelligence
Headings: The Organization and Infrastructure of Terrorist Groups
The Organization and Infrastructure of Terrorist Groups
Content: Such organizations pose a great threat to the security of the world order because they hold extremely uncompromising views of what must take place. Groups that fight for religious principles tend to be the most dangerous and the least compromising of all. This is true because they believe that their cause is also God’s cause. Religiously motivated groups include the Army of God in the United States, the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), Al-Qaeda, and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ). Of these various groups, Islamists have thus far tended to be the most violent. In addition to religious motivations, people may become terrorists for political reasons. Sometimes, nation states support terrorism against an enemy state, or political factions grow angry enough to terrorize one another. ‹ The International Threat up Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? › | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog571/node/341 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316361032#0_2678989725 | Title: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? | GEOG 571: Cultural Intelligence
Headings: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Content: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? | GEOG 571: Cultural Intelligence
Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? Print
Modern terrorists have become experts in the use of propaganda and the media. They are able to accurately assess the mood of a people, and they understand the “hot-button” issues. For example, terrorists in the Middle East know that nothing could be more likely to anger a Muslim man than the disrespectful treatment of Muslim women. Therefore, Al-Qaeda and others never miss an opportunity to show video tapes and photographs of American soldiers checking Muslim women for weapons, etc. Whereas it has long been held as a fact that poverty and lacking opportunities for advancement motivate people to become terrorists, most experts now agree that the recruitment of terrorists more generally rests on indoctrination and resentment. The presence of American forces in the Middle East, for example, has motivated many to join terrorist groups in order to fight “the American invasion.” Additionally, the actions of Western forces have sometimes caused young Muslim men to become terrorists. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog571/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316361032#1_2678991247 | Title: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? | GEOG 571: Cultural Intelligence
Headings: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Content: For example, terrorists in the Middle East know that nothing could be more likely to anger a Muslim man than the disrespectful treatment of Muslim women. Therefore, Al-Qaeda and others never miss an opportunity to show video tapes and photographs of American soldiers checking Muslim women for weapons, etc. Whereas it has long been held as a fact that poverty and lacking opportunities for advancement motivate people to become terrorists, most experts now agree that the recruitment of terrorists more generally rests on indoctrination and resentment. The presence of American forces in the Middle East, for example, has motivated many to join terrorist groups in order to fight “the American invasion.” Additionally, the actions of Western forces have sometimes caused young Muslim men to become terrorists. Often, those who have lost loved ones as a result of the fog of war harbor great hatred for Americans and other Westerners. Such anger plays into the hands of organizations such as Al-Qaeda. In the final analysis, the end goal of all terrorist organizations is political. They want to end up in charge. Therefore, in that way, terrorist groups are always political organizations, even if they define themselves in different terms. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog571/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316361032#2_2678992872 | Title: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? | GEOG 571: Cultural Intelligence
Headings: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Content: Often, those who have lost loved ones as a result of the fog of war harbor great hatred for Americans and other Westerners. Such anger plays into the hands of organizations such as Al-Qaeda. In the final analysis, the end goal of all terrorist organizations is political. They want to end up in charge. Therefore, in that way, terrorist groups are always political organizations, even if they define themselves in different terms. Often, the members of radical groups are people who have been unable to achieve their own political goals through legitimate means and, therefore, believe they must employ terror. In some cases, people join terrorist groups because they see their own situation as hopeless. From their perspective, they have no future inside the dominant system. Therefore, they are willing to risk their lives in order to change the system into something that offers hope to them. They reason that if they fail, they might as well be dead in any case, and, if they succeed, they will have created a better world for everyone. | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog571/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316361032#3_2678994287 | Title: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? | GEOG 571: Cultural Intelligence
Headings: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Content: Often, the members of radical groups are people who have been unable to achieve their own political goals through legitimate means and, therefore, believe they must employ terror. In some cases, people join terrorist groups because they see their own situation as hopeless. From their perspective, they have no future inside the dominant system. Therefore, they are willing to risk their lives in order to change the system into something that offers hope to them. They reason that if they fail, they might as well be dead in any case, and, if they succeed, they will have created a better world for everyone. Revenge is probably one of the most powerful motives for terrorism. In the Middle East, in particular, it is necessary to avenge even an insult to fellow clan members by an outsider. Therefore, when NATO soldiers break into a house in the middle of the night in an attempt to arrest someone, they risk insulting every member of the family that lives in that house. For a man not to seek revenge would brand him as a coward. Therefore, in order to mitigate the recruiting capabilities of terrorist organizations, those who fight against terror must learn to avoid tactics, techniques, and procedures that drive people into the arms of waiting terrorist organizations (SOURCES: | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog571/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1316361032#4_2678995947 | Title: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups? | GEOG 571: Cultural Intelligence
Headings: Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Why do People Join or Support Terrorist Groups?
Content: Revenge is probably one of the most powerful motives for terrorism. In the Middle East, in particular, it is necessary to avenge even an insult to fellow clan members by an outsider. Therefore, when NATO soldiers break into a house in the middle of the night in an attempt to arrest someone, they risk insulting every member of the family that lives in that house. For a man not to seek revenge would brand him as a coward. Therefore, in order to mitigate the recruiting capabilities of terrorist organizations, those who fight against terror must learn to avoid tactics, techniques, and procedures that drive people into the arms of waiting terrorist organizations (SOURCES: Gunaratna, Rohan, and Peter Chalk, Jane’s Counter Terrorism, 2nd Edition (United Kingdom: Biddles, Ltd., 2002) chapter 1.). ‹ The Organization and Infrastructure of Terrorist Groups up Transnational Terrorism › | https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog571/node/342 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1318494497#3_2683072196 | Title: The Middle East and Oil: Economic Modernisation and Political Stagnation
Headings: The Middle East and Oil: Economic Modernisation and Political Stagnation
The Middle East and Oil: Economic Modernisation and Political Stagnation
Economics
Politics
Bibliography
Further Reading on E-International Relations
Content: Royalties from oil exploration concessions and then from the sales of oil <have> provided a steady (and steadily increasing) source of revenue to the rulers of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharja (in what would become the UAE) from the 1930s <…> <up to nowadays>. By the 1950s, oil was the major factor in the most of these states’ economies.” [ 5] That is to say, the states’ economies have transformed from agricultural to rentier economies. To be more precise,
Rentier states derive most or a substantial part of their revenues from the outside world and the functioning of their political <as well as economic> system depends to a large degree on accruing external revenues that can be classified as rents. Rentier states rely on allocation and redistribution (allocation states) and hence show a remarkable different political dynamic than other states (production states).Rents have been defined as ‘the income derived from the gift of nature’ and are usually understood to be income accrued from the export of natural resources, especially oil and gas. [ 6]
Indeed, the major share of revenues in the oil rich Middle East countries has been derived from oil utilization and export. Since the mid-20 th century such oil-rich countries as Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, etc. have experienced a considerable growth of the oil revenues and, as a result, the GDP of these states has been increasing dramatically, reaching a peak in the beginning-mid 1980s. Moreover, along with the GDP, the government expenditure has been growing promptly as well. [ 7] This is the period when the economic modernization in the oil-rich countries, as well as Middle East in general, started. “ | https://www.e-ir.info/2012/10/29/the-middle-east-and-oil-economic-modernisation-and-political-stagnation/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1319029548#1_2683542863 | Title: How Inequality Undermines Democracy
Headings: How Inequality Undermines Democracy
How Inequality Undermines Democracy
Rising Inequality
Table 1 General Trends in Family Income Inequality
The Threat to Democracy
Impact of Inequality on Civic Participation
Conclusion
Notes and References
Further Reading on E-International Relations
About The Author (s)
Content: And those who went to school to train for specific occupations that pay well will earn more than those who did not. In short, skilled workers will earn more than non-skilled workers. Consequently, in an increasingly global economy where there will be two classes — skilled and educated workers at the top earning high wages and unskilled and poorly educated workers at the bottom earning low wages — there is bound to be inequality. Moreover, as these trends continue, the gap between the top and the bottom is only bound to grow. On another level, however, income inequality is a seminal issue because of what it really speaks to: the disappearance of the middle class. Inequality per se may not be the problem; rather it is the rate of increase in inequality. In this essay, I argue that to the extent that inequality effectively speaks to a shrinking middle class it represents a threat to democracy. Rising Inequality
Income inequality is an amorphous concept. | https://www.e-ir.info/2016/12/10/how-inequality-undermines-democracy/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1325025305#4_2694759281 | Title: Newly Released 2016 Election Administration and Voting Survey Provides Snapshot of Nation's Voter Turnout Registration Trends Voting Systems | U.S. Election Assistance Commission
Headings: Newly Released 2016 Election Administration and Voting Survey Provides Snapshot of Nation's Voter Turnout Registration Trends Voting Systems
News
Newly Released 2016 Election Administration and Voting Survey Provides Snapshot of Nation's Voter Turnout Registration Trends Voting Systems
Back to news
Read the 2016 EAVS REPORT
Read the EAC’s EAVS FACT SHEET
Tags
Content: States and territories reported processing 77,516,596 million voter registration applications, 83.4 percent of which were accepted by election officials. Online registration applications constituted only 6.5 percent of total registrations in the 2014 election, but accounted for 17.4 percent of registrations in the 2016 Presidential Election. Since its inception, registering to vote online has grown in popularity as it has been adopted by more states. The Department of Motor Vehicles still receives the most registration applications (32.7 percent), while other registration methods, like mail and in-person registration, have declined in use since the 2012 Presidential Election. From 2014 to 2016, 16,696,470 million citizens (8.8 percent of all registrants) were removed from state voter registration rolls. The number of registrants removed from registration rolls between 2014 and 2016 was 1.9 million greater than in the same period leading to the 2014 Federal Election (i.e., 2012 – 2014), a 12.8 percent increase. Most states and territories that provided information about the number of citizens removed from registration rolls reported removing between 5 and 10 percent of their registered voters. Pre-election Voting
In 2016, more than 41 percent of all ballots were cast before Election Day. Of the total turnout, approximately 17 percent of ballots were cast using in-person early voting and nearly 24 percent were cast using by-mail absentee voting. By mail absentee voting rates vary dramatically across states. | https://www.eac.gov/news/2017/06/29/newly-released-2016-election-administration-and-voting-survey-provides-snapshot |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1327683980#0_2700804223 | Title: 5 Leadership Topics That Will Engage Your Team in Development
Headings: 5 Leadership Topics That Will Engage Your Team in Development
5 Leadership Topics That Will Engage Your Team in Development
1. Communication
2. Execution
3. Change Management
4. Empowerment
5. Team Performance
Content: 5 Leadership Topics That Will Engage Your Team in Development
5 Leadership Topics That Will Engage Your Team in Development
By John Wright on August 16, 2017
Leadership & Succession
Training employees to become better managers or executives is an important part of maintaining a strong leadership pipeline. Without this type of development, an organization can be left with leadership gaps that result in decreased productivity, unintentional shifts in the company culture, and potentially lost profits. That is why it is crucial to address certain leadership topics throughout an employee’s development, in order to improve communication skills and team dynamics. The types of leadership topics that are most relevant will depend on factors like where an individual is on their development path and the foundation of skills that has already been created. Consider including these ideas as you develop your leadership development program. 1. Communication
For those individuals who are early in their journey to becoming a leader, learning how to effectively communicate is critical. Learning and implementing techniques for active listening is the first step in avoiding misunderstandings and overcoming roadblocks. As they continue to grow into leadership positions that require managing people, they can achieve greater impact by learning how to solicit and provide feedback to improve performance. Senior leaders benefit from learning how to create and deliver the consistent messages that will promote a unified culture. | https://www.eaglesflight.com/blog/5-leadership-topics-that-will-engage-your-team-in-development |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1327963989#8_2701588770 | Title: 5 Key Factors in Urban Planning | EagleView US
Headings: 5 Key Factors in Urban Planning
5 Key Factors in Urban Planning
Share
1. Planners must pay attention to the area’s environment.
2. City planners need to consider city residents.
3. Plans should be forward-thinking.
Learn how GIS professionals and planners in Minnehaha County tackle urban planning challenges throughout their jurisdiction.
4. Areas in need of renewal need special consideration.
Find out how one county is recovering following Hurricane Harvey.
5. Urban planners need the right tools at their disposal to do their jobs.
Discover the benefits of Pictometry imagery from EagleView for urban planning, GIS, and more.
Press Inquiries
Leadership
Content: For instance, the residents of a quaint, historic neighborhood may not want a big-box retail store in their back yards, but those living in a rural area may demand such developments. 3. Plans should be forward-thinking. A suburban neighborhood in Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Consideration for current residents is important, in that taxpayers want to have a say in decisions that impact them. However, city planners also need to look to the future. An urban planning official will monitor population trends to determine the space needed for future constructions. If the population is going up and a developer wants to build apartment buildings downtown, they may need to build high-rises rather than smaller two-story buildings if they want to accommodate future growth. Similarly, increases in tourism would call for additional hotels and events venues. Ultimately, planners look to a specific outcome rather than a timeframe. They know that the population might increase, but it could be in five years or 20 years. | https://www.eagleview.com/newsroom/2016/08/5-key-factors-in-urban-planning/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1327963989#9_2701590732 | Title: 5 Key Factors in Urban Planning | EagleView US
Headings: 5 Key Factors in Urban Planning
5 Key Factors in Urban Planning
Share
1. Planners must pay attention to the area’s environment.
2. City planners need to consider city residents.
3. Plans should be forward-thinking.
Learn how GIS professionals and planners in Minnehaha County tackle urban planning challenges throughout their jurisdiction.
4. Areas in need of renewal need special consideration.
Find out how one county is recovering following Hurricane Harvey.
5. Urban planners need the right tools at their disposal to do their jobs.
Discover the benefits of Pictometry imagery from EagleView for urban planning, GIS, and more.
Press Inquiries
Leadership
Content: An urban planning official will monitor population trends to determine the space needed for future constructions. If the population is going up and a developer wants to build apartment buildings downtown, they may need to build high-rises rather than smaller two-story buildings if they want to accommodate future growth. Similarly, increases in tourism would call for additional hotels and events venues. Ultimately, planners look to a specific outcome rather than a timeframe. They know that the population might increase, but it could be in five years or 20 years. In order to predict such fluctuations, planners may look to data to track changes, such as new constructions or demolitions, in an area over time. Sioux Falls, South Dakota, has become one of the fastest growing cities in the United States. Between 2000 and 2016, it saw an estimated 29% population increase. Learn how GIS professionals and planners in Minnehaha County tackle urban planning challenges throughout their jurisdiction. 4. | https://www.eagleview.com/newsroom/2016/08/5-key-factors-in-urban-planning/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1327963989#10_2701592683 | Title: 5 Key Factors in Urban Planning | EagleView US
Headings: 5 Key Factors in Urban Planning
5 Key Factors in Urban Planning
Share
1. Planners must pay attention to the area’s environment.
2. City planners need to consider city residents.
3. Plans should be forward-thinking.
Learn how GIS professionals and planners in Minnehaha County tackle urban planning challenges throughout their jurisdiction.
4. Areas in need of renewal need special consideration.
Find out how one county is recovering following Hurricane Harvey.
5. Urban planners need the right tools at their disposal to do their jobs.
Discover the benefits of Pictometry imagery from EagleView for urban planning, GIS, and more.
Press Inquiries
Leadership
Content: In order to predict such fluctuations, planners may look to data to track changes, such as new constructions or demolitions, in an area over time. Sioux Falls, South Dakota, has become one of the fastest growing cities in the United States. Between 2000 and 2016, it saw an estimated 29% population increase. Learn how GIS professionals and planners in Minnehaha County tackle urban planning challenges throughout their jurisdiction. 4. Areas in need of renewal need special consideration. Rockport, just off the coast in Texas, days after Hurricane Harvey touched down. Many struggling cities in the United States are part of the trend toward urban renewal. This can involve either renovating existing structuring or demolishing them to make way for new buildings. Urban planners especially need to keep in mind the history of the area’s buildings. | https://www.eagleview.com/newsroom/2016/08/5-key-factors-in-urban-planning/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1328421609#0_2702596655 | Title: Business Architecture Framework - EA Learning
Headings: Business Architecture Framework
Business Architecture Framework
Common Questions on Business Architecture Framework
What is Business Architecture?
What is a Business Architecture Framework?
What is Enterprise Architecture?
What are Enterprise Architecture Frameworks and Methodologies?
What is the difference between Business Architecture and Enterprise Architecture?
Content: Business Architecture Framework - EA Learning
Back
Business Architecture Framework
Common Questions on Business Architecture Framework
In this article we simplify some of the frequently asked questions surrounding Business Architecture, Enterprise Architecture and the frameworks and methodologies used to define and structure both architectures. What is Business Architecture? Business Architecture defines the business strategy, governance, organisation and key business processes. People who develop and maintain business architecture are known as business architects. Business Architecture primarily focuses on the business motivations, business operations and business analysis frameworks and related networks that link these aspects of the enterprise together. What is a Business Architecture Framework? A Business Architecture Framework is a framework for structuring and understanding business, information, and technology patterns and how they work together to achieve strategic and tactical goals. The goal of a Business Architecture Framework is to; Connect strategy with operations and projects in strong meaningful ways
Create and understand business patterns, from chaos to order
Have common coherent perspective; preventing fragmentation
What is Enterprise Architecture? | https://www.ealearning.com/info-centre/business-architecture-framework.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1328421609#11_2702614813 | Title: Business Architecture Framework - EA Learning
Headings: Business Architecture Framework
Business Architecture Framework
Common Questions on Business Architecture Framework
What is Business Architecture?
What is a Business Architecture Framework?
What is Enterprise Architecture?
What are Enterprise Architecture Frameworks and Methodologies?
What is the difference between Business Architecture and Enterprise Architecture?
Content: Disruption and Strategic Impact
Module 15. Problem Synthesis and Definition
Module 16. Strategy Mapping and Business Motivation Model
Module 17. Strategic Analysis: Strategic Importance
Module 18. Operationalising Strategy
Module 19. Target Architecture and Operating Model
Module 20. Transition Planning and Roadmap View
Module 21. Connecting Architecture with IT and Business
Professionals working in or aspiring to work in the following roles: Business Architects
Domain and Solution Architects
Technology Leaders
Business Technology Partners
Senior Business Analysts
Enterprise Architects
Project and Portfolio Managers
IT Strategy Managers
Chief Information Officers
Chief Technology Officers
Presales Consultants
IT Managers
Transformation and Strategy Managers
Previous Enterprise Architecture Training
Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Next | https://www.ealearning.com/info-centre/business-architecture-framework.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1329034695#0_2703609446 | Title: Enterprise Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Headings: Enterprise Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Enterprise Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Enterprise Architect role description:
Get in touch
Content: Enterprise Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Enterprise Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Enterprise Architect Roles and Responsibilities are focused around taking a company's business strategy and defining an IT systems architecture to support that strategy. To do so, the Enterprise Architect responsibilities will include having a deep understanding of the company's business to be able to dive deeply into technology issues. An Enterprise Architect Role Description can vary greatly from role to role and company to company. However the below is a sample Enterprise Architect Role Description that outlines some of the duties and responsibilities required for some Enterprise Architect roles. Enterprise Architect role description: Prepares EA business case, exposes benefits and drivers, financial merits
Presents, justifies communicates to all stakeholders in business and IT
Specifies EA framework, best practices and tools
Establishes architecture, design and technology principles and guidelines
Participates in EA design and development
Coordinates works done by domain architects
Controls the consistency and compliancy of artefacts
Owns the EA repository and decides access rights
Recommends transformation roadmap and works with Program Management
Controls EA iterations deliveries
Establishes compliance checkpoints in major capability development processes
Assesses EA maturity
Measures returned value at each iteration
Enterprise Architect Jobs can be difficult to fill due to the scarcity of skills required to be a successful Data Architect. Get in touch
EA People is Australia's leading niche recruiter for Business Design, IT Architecture and Solutions Design professionals for Government, Blue Chip and Small to Medium Enterprise organisations. We are recognised for our unparalleled depth of knowledge, experience, and industry relationships. We understand what is required for Enterprise Architecture, so if you are looking to fill Enterprise Architect jobs, please contact us today. | https://www.eapeople.com.au/info-centre/enterprise-architect-roles-and-responsibilities |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1329037109#0_2703611907 | Title: Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities - EA People
Headings: Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities
Want to find out more?
Content: Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities - EA People
Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities
The role of the solutions architect is the person who organises the development effort of a systems solution. The solutions architect is responsible for the development of the overall vision that underlies the projected solution and transforms that vision through execution into the solution. Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities
The Solution Architect Roles and Responsibilities will vary greatly from company to company. While the below is a brief outline of some of the Roles and Responsibilities you may encounter as a Solution Architect, these will vary greatly. Conduct architectural evaluation, design and analysis of enterprise wide systems throughout entire Sterling business. Stimulate apt design discipline leverage industry strength evaluation and design tool like IBM Rational. Ensure application architecture team delivers robust system solution to architect business. Develop, enhance and maintain established service design procedure and process to assure apt and robust service design. Perform closely with Enterprise Architect within Architecture Services team to assure constant compliance of Sterling# s strategic blueprints and architecture. Perform as member of high performance and provide solutions alert architecture team supporting business oriented project development effort. | https://www.eapeople.com.au/info-centre/solution-architect-roles-and-responsibilities |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1329459377#2_2704350013 | Title: Causes of poverty and inequality - EAPN
Headings:
The overall persistent high level of poverty in the EU suggests that poverty is primarily the consequence of the way society is organized and resources are allocated. The decisions over how to eradicate poverty in the end are political choices about the kind of society we want.
Key factors
Content: This means that the decisions over how to eradicate poverty in the end are political choices about the kind of society we want. Key factors
In terms of individuals, some key factors are seen as making a person more “at risk” of being in poverty such as: unemployment or having a poor quality (i.e. low paid or precarious) job as this limits access to a decent income and cuts people off from social networks; low levels of education and skills because this limits people’s ability to access decent jobs to develop themselves and participate fully in society; the size and type of family i.e. large families and lone parent families tend to be at greater risk of poverty because they have higher costs, lower incomes and more difficulty in gaining well paid employment; gender – women are generally at higher risk of poverty than men as they are less likely to be in paid employment, tend to have lower pensions, are more involved in unpaid caring responsibilities and when they are in work, are frequently paid less even for the same job ; disability or ill-health because this limits ability to access employment and also leads to increased day to day costs; being a member of minority ethnic groups such as the Roma and immigrants/undocumented migrants as they suffer particularly from discrimination and racism and thus have less chance to access employment, often are forced to live in worse physical environments and have poorer access to essential services; living in a remote or very disadvantaged community where access to services is worse. All these factors create additional barriers and difficulties, but should be seen within the overall structural context of how a particular country chooses to distribute wealth and tackle inequality. | https://www.eapn.eu/what-is-poverty/causes-of-poverty-and-inequality/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1332342035#1_2710407305 | Title: Signs of Sexual Abuse - Early, Open, Often
Headings: Signs of Sexual Abuse
Signs of Sexual Abuse
Behavioral Signs
Physical Signs
Emotional Signs
Content: A Cry for Help
Watch later
Copy link
Info
Shopping
Tap to unmute
If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. You're signed out
Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. To avoid this, cancel and sign in to YouTube on your computer. Cancel
Confirm
More videos
More videos
Switch camera
Share
Include playlist
An error occurred while retrieving sharing information. Please try again later. Watch on
0:00
0:00
0:00 / 0:50
Live
•
These are some behaviors that could mean your child has experienced sexual abuse or another trauma: Acting younger or going back to doing younger tasks and activities
Sudden changes in behavior
Fear of being alone with a certain person
Sudden, unexplained fears of certain places or kinds of people (such as all people with a particular feature or characteristic)
Fear of being touched
Changes in quality of schoolwork or grades
Substance abuse
Delinquency
Self-mutilation or careless behaviors resulting in self-harm
Excessive play with their own private body parts
Persistent sex play with friends, toys, or pets
Frequent drawings that have sexual content
Unusual, persistent, or developmentally inappropriate questioning about human sexuality
These changes might not be dramatic, but could include several subtle changes. It’s important to know what’s natural and healthy in kids’ sexual development (for example, many young children are curious about sexuality and frequently play with their private body parts). Knowing these stages of development will help you notice if something doesn’t seem right, which might indicate a problem. Physical Signs
These are some physical signs that could indicate a problem, including the possibility of sexual abuse: | https://www.earlyopenoften.org/get-the-facts/signs-of-sexual-abuse/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1337837856#14_2724129209 | Title: FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
Headings: FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
Claim
Rating
False
Origin
What Are Illegal Refugees?
A Case of Mistaken Country
Refugee and Immigrant Policy in the U.S.
Do Illegal Immigrants Get Welfare?
Illegal Immigrants and Statistics
Content: And they could be refugees or undocumented immigrants. There are still factions in the immigration debate that instigate public sentiment with falsehoods. But it has been proven time and again that even undocumented immigrants don’t exploit the public welfare system. Given that refugees require documented proof of their status, an undocumented refugee cannot take advantage of most federal provisions like Medicaid and food stamps. Bill Clinton signed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. It stipulated that even legal immigrants can’t take advantage of federal benefits unless they’ve lived in the U.S. for at least five years. They do have some benefits like access to public school education. But much of the burden to support migrants is disproportionately placed on state governments. Illegal Immigrants and Statistics
A political ad falsely claimed that immigrants receive social security. Statistics have shown that most undocumented immigrants and their employers contribute around $12.0 billion a year to the social security trust fund. | https://www.earnthenecklace.com/fact-check-illegal-refugees-get-federal-assistance/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1337837856#15_2724130979 | Title: FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
Headings: FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
Claim
Rating
False
Origin
What Are Illegal Refugees?
A Case of Mistaken Country
Refugee and Immigrant Policy in the U.S.
Do Illegal Immigrants Get Welfare?
Illegal Immigrants and Statistics
Content: It stipulated that even legal immigrants can’t take advantage of federal benefits unless they’ve lived in the U.S. for at least five years. They do have some benefits like access to public school education. But much of the burden to support migrants is disproportionately placed on state governments. Illegal Immigrants and Statistics
A political ad falsely claimed that immigrants receive social security. Statistics have shown that most undocumented immigrants and their employers contribute around $12.0 billion a year to the social security trust fund. Indeed, immigrants are ineligible for federal welfare even though they pay taxes. And even though they are not eligible for Medicare or Medicaid, the U.S. government doesn’t discriminate in times of emergency. Medical professionals are expected to treat any case of an emergency regardless of the patient’s immigration status. Legal and illegal migrants have been vilified by grossly exaggerating their access to federal welfare. But the evidence that they are a minor burden on the public welfare system is in clear contradistinction to anti-immigration claims. | https://www.earnthenecklace.com/fact-check-illegal-refugees-get-federal-assistance/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1337837856#16_2724132790 | Title: FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
Headings: FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
FACT CHECK: Do Illegal Refugees Get $3,874 a Month Through Federal Assistance?
Claim
Rating
False
Origin
What Are Illegal Refugees?
A Case of Mistaken Country
Refugee and Immigrant Policy in the U.S.
Do Illegal Immigrants Get Welfare?
Illegal Immigrants and Statistics
Content: Indeed, immigrants are ineligible for federal welfare even though they pay taxes. And even though they are not eligible for Medicare or Medicaid, the U.S. government doesn’t discriminate in times of emergency. Medical professionals are expected to treat any case of an emergency regardless of the patient’s immigration status. Legal and illegal migrants have been vilified by grossly exaggerating their access to federal welfare. But the evidence that they are a minor burden on the public welfare system is in clear contradistinction to anti-immigration claims. So, the claim that illegal refugees receive over $3,800 a month through federal assistance is false! | https://www.earnthenecklace.com/fact-check-illegal-refugees-get-federal-assistance/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1346281088#4_2748163833 | Title: What is Self-Reflexivity - Super Powered Reflection for Personal Growth
Headings: What is Self-Reflexivity – Super Powered Reflection for Personal Growth
Post navigation
What is Self-Reflexivity – Super Powered Reflection for Personal Growth
Episode not found
Change Begins With Awareness
Defining Reflexivity
There are Many Definitions of Reflexivity
Reflexive or Reflexivity?
Reflection versus Reflexivity
Can Things Really Change?
What is Self-Reflexivity?
Gaining Self Perspective
Bending Back
Three Methods for Self-Reflexivity
Self-Reflexivity as Pure Observation
Self-Reflexivity Thru Action
Self-Reflexivity Using Full Awareness
Next Steps
Share this:
Post navigation
Content: Or ignore the problem because we don’t want to admit that we don’t know how to change it!) If you think about it, it’s not surprising that despite all the effort we push into creating change, we often find ourselves right back where we started. When the principals and models we are using to design our plans haven’t changed, why should the outcomes? Same Old Thinking – Same Old Results
The most surprising results for personal or societal change come from innovative thinking. Someone will think of a new way to get children to learn at earlier ages. Another person will come up with new community programs that actually make an impact on crime. These innovations can involve revolutionary ideas, or they can involve ideas that simplify or clarify the situation. The key is that someone looked at the problem in a new way. How do you see a problem in a new way unless you become aware of how you are seeing it now? If you don’t value awareness as an agent for change, you may not spend much of your time using your awareness to make new discoveries. | https://www.earthbliss.com/podcast/what-is-self-reflexivity/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1349012585#5_2752621063 | Title: Toolkit | Earth Day 2021: Restore Our Earth | Earth Day
Headings: Together, we have the power to Restore Our Earth.
Together, we have the power to Restore Our Earth.
Organize a teach-in
Find Restore Our Earth graphics
Organize a cleanup
Put your event (s) on the map today
Restore Our Earth Campaigns
THE CANOPY PROJECT™
FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT
THE GREAT GLOBAL CLEANUP™
CLIMATE LITERACY
Global EARTH CHALLENGE ™
Social Media Guidance:
Instagram Copy
Twitter Copy
Facebook Copy
Find Restore Our Earth graphics
Traditional Media Guidance:
Restore Our Earth Op-Ed Guidance
Letter to the Editor (LTE) Guidance
Have you become an Earth Day 2021 partner yet?
Content: Regenerative agriculture counters climate change and promotes food security by restoring soil, organic matter, and biodiversity as well as reducing atmospheric carbon. It’s an evolving holistic nature-based approach that boosts topsoil, food production and farmers’ incomes. The robust soils and diverse ecosystems that its organic practices create yield more high-quality, nutrient-rich produce than conventional agriculture, fostering fruitful farms, healthy communities and thriving economies. More on Foodprints for the Future
More on Regenerative Agriculture
THE GREAT GLOBAL CLEANUP™
When it comes to individual action for the common good, one of the best ways that people can make an impact for our planet is by cleaning up our public spaces. Our pollution problem is getting out of hand and our environment is suffering for it. Open landfills emit dangerous greenhouse gasses, waste and pollution that enter our oceans and freshwater. Microplastics even make it into our food and the air we breathe. Key Messages: By connecting with the Earth in a tangible way through cleanups, individuals experience firsthand the extent of our single-use plastic problem, and begin to recognize how systemic our pollution and waste challenges are. Through this global effort, cleanups reduce waste and plastic pollution, improve habitats, prevent harm to wildlife and humans and even lead to larger environmental action. | https://www.earthday.org/toolkit-earth-day-2021-restore-our-earth/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1349373622#8_2753839274 | Title: Understanding Step by Step Process of Photosynthesis in Plants | Earth Eclipse
Headings: What is Photosynthesis?
What is Photosynthesis?
Step by Step Process of Photosynthesis
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Chemical Formula for the Process of Photosynthesis
6CO2 +12H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2+ 6H2O
Importance of Photosynthesis
1. Atmospheric Gases
2. Food and Energy
3. Petroleum Products
4. Wood and Other Side Products
5. Medicinal Products
Bottom Line
About Sonia Madaan
Content: Chemical reactions occur with the help of protons from the water molecules and electrons from the chlorophyll molecules to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP provides energy for cellular reactions and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Diphosphate (NADP), which is integral in plant metabolism. Chemical Formula for the Process of Photosynthesis
This chemical formula summarizes the whole process of photosynthesis: READ: 25+ Stunning Facts About the Human Respiratory System
6CO2 +12H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2+ 6H2O
And there are six factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis: Temperature
Light intensity
Light wavelength
Carbon dioxide availability
Chlorophyll concentration
Water availability
Namely, the higher the light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll concentration, the faster the rate at which photosynthesis occurs. But there is an optimum rate. In the case of light intensity, photosynthesis rate is higher in red or blue light and very low in green light. Photosynthesis rate decreases with a decrease in water availability. Now that you understand the process of photosynthesis let’s look at its importance. | https://www.eartheclipse.com/biology/step-by-step-process-photosynthesis.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1349373622#9_2753841160 | Title: Understanding Step by Step Process of Photosynthesis in Plants | Earth Eclipse
Headings: What is Photosynthesis?
What is Photosynthesis?
Step by Step Process of Photosynthesis
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Chemical Formula for the Process of Photosynthesis
6CO2 +12H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2+ 6H2O
Importance of Photosynthesis
1. Atmospheric Gases
2. Food and Energy
3. Petroleum Products
4. Wood and Other Side Products
5. Medicinal Products
Bottom Line
About Sonia Madaan
Content: Temperature
Light intensity
Light wavelength
Carbon dioxide availability
Chlorophyll concentration
Water availability
Namely, the higher the light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll concentration, the faster the rate at which photosynthesis occurs. But there is an optimum rate. In the case of light intensity, photosynthesis rate is higher in red or blue light and very low in green light. Photosynthesis rate decreases with a decrease in water availability. Now that you understand the process of photosynthesis let’s look at its importance. Importance of Photosynthesis
Plants play an integral role in the continuity of life on the planet, all thanks to photosynthesis. They achieve that through the following: 1. Atmospheric Gases
In photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen as a by-product. Without the process of photosynthesis, it would be difficult to replenish all the oxygen being used in processes such as combustion and respiration. | https://www.eartheclipse.com/biology/step-by-step-process-photosynthesis.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1351420551#13_2759886614 | Title: Plain Landform: Types, Location and Importance | Earth Eclipse
Headings: What is Plain Landform?
What is Plain Landform?
Types of Plain Landforms
Depositional Plains
Furthermore, depositional plains can be grouped into the following categories:
Alluvial Plains
Examples of Alluvial plains include:
Glacial Plains (formed from the movement of glaciers under the influence of gravity)
This type of depositional plain can be categorized as:
Examples of Glacial plains:
Abyssal Plains
Planitia
Lava plain
Lacustrine plain
Erosional Plains
Examples of plains in this category include:
Structural Plains
Examples of structural plain landforms are:
Location of Plain Landforms
Importance of Plain Landforms
Sources:
About Sonia Madaan
Content: Also, the approximate flatness of the various plain landforms facilitates mechanization of crop production. Population and settlements are usually concentrated on plains. This is because, towns are easily laid out on the approximately flat landform found on plains. The landform could be of great economic importance when traversed by rivers. Such plain landforms traversed by rivers make irrigation of farmlands on plains much easier than on any other land form used in agriculture. Plain landforms such as alluvial terraces attract good settlements and population concentration because of the advantage it offers over valley-bottom flood plains which is usually subject to annual or periodic flooding and hill slopes which may be too steep and rocky to cultivate. Plain landforms are excellent for sporting activities as they provide a levelled ground for sports and other recreational activities. Plains provide good communication routes such as railways, roads, airports
Plains are good sources of mineral resources such as Coal, Tin and Petroleum
Sources: Resource library | encyclopaedic entry. Plain, Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/plain/
http://www.edu.pe.ca/southernkings/plainmr.htm
About Sonia Madaan
Sonia Madaan is a writer and founding editor of science education blog EarthEclipse. | https://www.eartheclipse.com/geology/plain-landform-types-location-importance.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1352009627#6_2761565798 | Title: Terrible Effects of Agricultural Pollution | Earth Eclipse
Headings: Terrible Effects of Agricultural Pollution
Terrible Effects of Agricultural Pollution
About Sonia Madaan
Content: The use of fertilizers, pesticides, manure, herbicides and other agrochemicals lead to widespread contamination of waterways and ground waters and depreciate water quality. Soil erosion and sedimentation equally contaminates the water, makes it dirty, and increases its turbidity. In turn, plants, wildlife, humans, animals and aquatic life are negatively affected. Air Pollution
Livestock and fertilized soils can be considerable sources of gaseous emissions. Carbon and nitrogen-based compounds such as nitrogen oxides and ammonia qualify as potential greenhouse gases. Farm tillage, harvesting, and other farm activities that involve mechanical operations like the use of tractors or harvesters among other farm machinery significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions by combusting fossil fuel. Additionally, some soil biochemical processes naturally emit numerous greenhouse gasses. Destroys Biodiversity
The persistent use of chemical products in agricultural production degrades and destroys the soils, animals, plants, waters, and wildlife, gradually altering the ecosystems which support biodiversity. Furthermore, pesticides can kill beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, birds and some rare small species like butterflies which have far-reaching effects on biodiversity. Since these chemicals remain in the soils for many years, the repercussions to biodiversity are massive. | https://www.eartheclipse.com/pollution/terrible-effects-of-agricultural-pollution.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1352219692#1_2762109019 | Title: Climate
Headings:
Climate
Microclimates
Content: Although climate is much more stable than weather, and can seem to be unchanging in the context of human lifespans, if we look at the Earth's long geological history, we can see that climate has changed many times in the past. For example, the Earth has experienced warming and cooling periods throughout its history, as glaciers expanded and then retreated. Many parts of the world experienced considerably higher average temperatures in the period 1931-60 than they had probably had for hundreds of years. Factors that influence climate include distance from the equator (latitude), elevation (altitude), and distance from large bodies of water, proximity to mountain ranges, ocean currents, air currents and vegetation. In general, climate becomes warmer as you get closer to the equator, and it becomes colder as you move toward the poles. This is because the sun is at a higher angle in the sky above the equator and at a lower angle near the poles. In addition, ice near the poles has a high albedo. ( It reflects sunlight well.) Temperature tends to decrease with elevation because air becomes thinner at higher altitudes. Temperature decreases by about 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit for every one thousand foot increase in height (6.5 degrees Celsius for every one thousand meter increase in height). | https://www.earthfacts.com/climate/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_38_1353926506#13_2766128468 | Title: What Do Mammals Eat? A Look at Herbivores, Carnivores & More
Headings: What Do Mammals Eat? A Look at Herbivores, Carnivores & More
What Do Mammals Eat? A Look at Herbivores, Carnivores & More
What Do Mammals Eat?
Well, just about everything except leaf litter and mature tree wood is eaten by mammals somewhere.
Herbivore Mammals
Different mammals have their digestive tracts organised in different ways.
The Ruminant digestive system
Carnivore Mammals
Two spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) eating their prey in the savanna of Africa
Insectivore Mammals
Mole (Talpa europaea) is primarily insectivorous
Omnivore Mammals
Final Thoughts
Gordon Ramel
Content: They are preferentially preyed on not only by seals and otters but also by at least 3 species of bats. Insectivore Mammals
Arthropods make up almost the entire diet of most insectivore mammals such as shrews, the Microchiropterine bats, pangolins, anteaters, aardvarks and aardwolves. They also make a considerable contribution to the diets of moles, foxes, badgers, mongooses, skunks as well as many primates and rodents. Mole (Talpa europaea) is primarily insectivorous
The diets of many insectivores are often quite varied. One study of the European Mole showed that of 200 moles analysed after death: 178 had been recently feeding on earthworms,
130 on beetle larvae,
74 on adult beetles,
70 on flies,
35 on moths and butterflies,
18 on bees, wasps and ants,
52 on millipedes and centipedes,
10 on slugs and snails,
3 on mice,
19 on moles and
17 on plants. Obviously, most moles feed on a variety of substances each day, taking advantage of whatever is available. Omnivore Mammals
Omnivory is a generalist habit, one which makes its exponents more capable of living in a changing and variable habitat, or taking advantage of more than one habitat in succession. As I have already stated, mongooses and many foxes are omnivores as are bears, badgers and quite a few rodents including the very successful brown rat. Many primates are also omnivores, including mankind. | https://www.earthlife.net/mammals/diet-2.html |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.