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msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2390305302#8_3179077161 | Title: Why is the news so biased? - Quora
Headings: Why is the news so biased?
Why is the news so biased?
Ray Las
Content: And if you do, please tell
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Because People who look for the news, I mean the makers of the news you see, are biased. In this day in age, there is no such thing as an “unbiased person” People may say that they are unbiased, but in truth, with the modern day politics, things are pretty black and white
So what we have for news sources that say they are unbiased, is little things biases. Like looking for the information from a preferred source
Tone of voice
Phrasing of questions, the microaggressions that people hold towards others
It’s nearly impossible to find a news source that doesn’t have some bias. And if you do, please tell me, I’d love an opinion that seems to find a middle ground once and a while. Pete Cresswell
, former Developer of bond-trading apps for mutual funds (1992-2017)
Answered 2 years ago · Author has 2.3K answers and 1.4M answer views
Why is the news so biased? What news? Biased relative to whose perspective? I would think that all news, being written by human beings, is biased. But “….so biased” ? One possibility is that somebody’s trusted sources are outside of the main stream and, therefore, make main stream sources appear more biased than they are. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-news-so-biased |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2390305302#11_3179080649 | Title: Why is the news so biased? - Quora
Headings: Why is the news so biased?
Why is the news so biased?
Ray Las
Content: Biased relative to whose perspective? I would think that all news, being written by human beings, is biased. But “…. so biased” ? One possibility is that somebody’s trusted sources are outside of the main stream and, therefore, make main stream sources appear more biased than they are. In choosing my own sources, I put a lot of stock in the chart below. .. .. I stick with sources in the green and yellow rectangles while avoiding anything in the “Hyper…” columns. Also, I try to balance sources. e.g. I enjoy reading The New Yorker Magazine, which has a left-leaning bias - which I try to counter by subscribing to The Economist. Likewise, I make a concious effort to watch Firing Line to balance out Meet The Press and Washington Week. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-news-so-biased |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2390305302#12_3179081720 | Title: Why is the news so biased? - Quora
Headings: Why is the news so biased?
Why is the news so biased?
Ray Las
Content: In choosing my own sources, I put a lot of stock in the chart below. .. .. I stick with sources in the green and yellow rectangles while avoiding anything in the “Hyper…” columns. Also, I try to balance sources. e.g. I enjoy reading The New Yorker Magazine, which has a left-leaning bias - which I try to counter by subscribing to The Economist. Likewise, I make a concious effort to watch Firing Line to balance out Meet The Press and Washington Week. I would not even think about using any sort of social media as a news source. Ray Las
, Retired (2008-present)
Answered 2 years ago · Author has 622 answers and 38.8K answer views
Originally Answered: Why does the news seem to be biased? Except for a few extreme examples the media isn't particularly biased. But Trump and Republicans don't like that the media reports facts so they have attacked the media by crying fake news rather than actually trying to use facts. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-news-so-biased |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2391848834#4_3180600801 | Title: Why is the story of how Hawaii became part of the USA not discussed more in US history classes? - Quora
Headings: Why is the story of how Hawaii became part of the USA not discussed more in US history classes?
10 Answers
Anonymous
Nick Chang
A. Bowdoin Van Riper
Patricia Arcularius Self
David Gray
Kimo Winterbottom
Miles English
Jakub Handlíř
Johnny Kamaaina
Lei Kalānui
Content: Short History of Hawaii (via Wikipedia)
The 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii was a legal document by anti-monarchists to strip the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority, initiating a transfer of power to American, European and native Hawaiian elites. It became known as the Bayonet Constitution for the use of intimidation by the armed militia which forced King Kalākaua to sign it or be deposed. [ 1]
The US Government then annexed the islands to protect the American plantations and missionaries on the island and to use as a launching pad for the Spanish American War. Footnotes
[ 1] 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii
Nick Chang
, lives in The United States of America
Answered 4 years ago · Author has 226 answers and 1M answer views
I live in Hawaii, so school was quite emphatic on the overthrow. I even recall a mock trial for illegally overthrowing the kingdom- (I took the role of Lorrin Thurston, public enemy No.1). Now although we discuss Hawaiian history extensively, we hardly mention the history of other individual states like Nebraska or Kentucky, even though similar atrocities happened in other states by robbing Native Americans of their Sovereignty and land. I won't fault other states for not teaching hawaiian history unless I am willing to force Hawaiian schools to teach all other states' individual history, and
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I live in Hawaii, so school was quite emphatic on the overthrow. I even recall a mock trial for illegally overthrowing the kingdom- (I took the role of Lorrin Thurston, public enemy No.1). Now although we discuss Hawaiian history extensively, we hardly mention the history of other individual states like Nebraska or Kentucky, even though similar atrocities happened in other states by robbing Native Americans of their Sovereignty and land. I won't fault other states for not teaching hawaiian history unless I am willing to force Hawaiian schools to teach all other states' individual history, and history classes are long enough already. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-story-of-how-Hawaii-became-part-of-the-USA-not-discussed-more-in-US-history-classes |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2392202061#0_3181033047 | Title: Why is the trombone in the woodwind family, instead of the brass family? - Quora
Headings: Why is the trombone in the woodwind family, instead of the brass family?
6 Answers
John Hagelbarger
Albert Houde
Nate Weger
Jack Stabek
Warwick Music Group
R. Eric Sawyer
Content: Why is the trombone in the woodwind family, instead of the brass family? - Quora
Trombone
Brass Metal
Musical Instruments
Why is the trombone in the woodwind family, instead of the brass family? 6 Answers
John Hagelbarger
Answered 10 months ago · Author has 866 answers and 272.8K answer views
I think you’re a bit misinformed, for the trombone is not usually considered part of the woodwind family. However the French horn sometimes is. Reason being, it has a soft, round, warm, blending tone that fits in well with the winds - can fit so well that it is included in the standard woodwind quintet of flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn and bassoon. It is also included in the brass quintet (two trumpets, French horn, trombone, tuba) where it provides a contrasting lead instrument to the trumpets, and can unobtrusively support them as well. And it can blend so well into an orchestral texture that traditional orchestral writing often includes the French horn section quietly playing a piece’s chord changes in four-part chorale harmony. This is called “the blanket of horns”, serves to solidi
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Albert Houde
, French horn operator, brass tech, occasional evil mastermind
Answered 4 years ago · Author has 638 answers and 572.4K answer views
Trombones are brass instruments, without a doubt. I'm not sure where you heard they were otherwise, but it is incorrect. Brass instruments amplify a pitch produced by the lips of the player buzzing into a metal mouthpiece. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-trombone-in-the-woodwind-family-instead-of-the-brass-family |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2392202061#1_3181035068 | Title: Why is the trombone in the woodwind family, instead of the brass family? - Quora
Headings: Why is the trombone in the woodwind family, instead of the brass family?
6 Answers
John Hagelbarger
Albert Houde
Nate Weger
Jack Stabek
Warwick Music Group
R. Eric Sawyer
Content: It is also included in the brass quintet (two trumpets, French horn, trombone, tuba) where it provides a contrasting lead instrument to the trumpets, and can unobtrusively support them as well. And it can blend so well into an orchestral texture that traditional orchestral writing often includes the French horn section quietly playing a piece’s chord changes in four-part chorale harmony. This is called “the blanket of horns”, serves to solidi
Continue Reading
Albert Houde
, French horn operator, brass tech, occasional evil mastermind
Answered 4 years ago · Author has 638 answers and 572.4K answer views
Trombones are brass instruments, without a doubt. I'm not sure where you heard they were otherwise, but it is incorrect. Brass instruments amplify a pitch produced by the lips of the player buzzing into a metal mouthpiece. The vibrations travel the entire length of the instrument, from mouthpiece to bell. Modern brass change pitch series by adding length with valves or extending a slide like the trombone. They are generally made of yellow brass or other zinc-copper alloys, such as red brass or nickel silver. All traits of a trombone. Woodwinds amplify the vibrations created by a reed (clarinets, oboes, bassoons) or by the vibrations of air blown across a hole (flutes). | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-trombone-in-the-woodwind-family-instead-of-the-brass-family |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2393940290#5_3183003911 | Title: Why is trade so important to the world today? - Quora
Headings: Why is trade so important to the world today?
Why is trade so important to the world today?
Anonymous
Content: However, diverse economies are often very complex and have a complex supply chain, where products are made of subcomponents, often originating from several different countries. For example, Ford may produce almost all of its cars in the United States, but many times components come from other places, like Mexico, or Canada. We buy from them to make new things. We make money, they make money…
Therefore, trade is very important for national and global economic growth, as we all depend on each other. Sarah Luford
, Trade Specialist
Answered 6 months ago · Author has 118 answers and 25.2K answer views
Trading is the process of exchanging one thing for another; a business of buying and selling goods and products. Trade empowers people to buy goods and services that are not produced in their countries. In addition, revenues from the export of goods and services help determine the amount that can be spent on imports, as well as the amount of foreign credit that countries can afford. Trade can stimulate a country's development and economic growth. It helps create new jobs, improve living standards and empowers people to manage their lives. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-trade-so-important-to-the-world-today |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2393940290#6_3183005448 | Title: Why is trade so important to the world today? - Quora
Headings: Why is trade so important to the world today?
Why is trade so important to the world today?
Anonymous
Content: a business of buying and selling goods and products. Trade empowers people to buy goods and services that are not produced in their countries. In addition, revenues from the export of goods and services help determine the amount that can be spent on imports, as well as the amount of foreign credit that countries can afford. Trade can stimulate a country's development and economic growth. It helps create new jobs, improve living standards and empowers people to manage their lives. International trade without barriers in the form of tariff
Continue Reading
Trading is the process of exchanging one thing for another; a business of buying and selling goods and products. Trade empowers people to buy goods and services that are not produced in their countries. In addition, revenues from the export of goods and services help determine the amount that can be spent on imports, as well as the amount of foreign credit that countries can afford. Trade can stimulate a country's development and economic growth. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-trade-so-important-to-the-world-today |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2393940290#7_3183006835 | Title: Why is trade so important to the world today? - Quora
Headings: Why is trade so important to the world today?
Why is trade so important to the world today?
Anonymous
Content: International trade without barriers in the form of tariff
Continue Reading
Trading is the process of exchanging one thing for another; a business of buying and selling goods and products. Trade empowers people to buy goods and services that are not produced in their countries. In addition, revenues from the export of goods and services help determine the amount that can be spent on imports, as well as the amount of foreign credit that countries can afford. Trade can stimulate a country's development and economic growth. It helps create new jobs, improve living standards and empowers people to manage their lives. International trade without barriers in the form of tariffs, quotas and government subsidies can benefit people in all countries, developed and developing alike. As consumers, people are given the opportunity to choose goods of a wider range, higher quality and lower cost. As sellers, people are able to sell their products in more markets. Sponsored by Business at American
Earn your MBA online in 15 months. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-trade-so-important-to-the-world-today |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2393940290#8_3183008243 | Title: Why is trade so important to the world today? - Quora
Headings: Why is trade so important to the world today?
Why is trade so important to the world today?
Anonymous
Content: It helps create new jobs, improve living standards and empowers people to manage their lives. International trade without barriers in the form of tariffs, quotas and government subsidies can benefit people in all countries, developed and developing alike. As consumers, people are given the opportunity to choose goods of a wider range, higher quality and lower cost. As sellers, people are able to sell their products in more markets. Sponsored by Business at American
Earn your MBA online in 15 months. No GMAT required. Apply today to AU’s online MBA and accelerate your career in 15 months. Bachelor's degree required. Learn More
Ambikesh Mishra
, Behavioral Economics, International Trade
Answered 1 year ago · Author has 132 answers and 102.1K answer views
If you could make 10 chairs or 2 tables in a day and I can make 10 tables or 2 chairs in a day, wouldn't it make sense if we both agreed that you should only make chairs and I should only make tables. That way at the end of the day we can trade 5 chairs for 5 tables and we both would be better off. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-trade-so-important-to-the-world-today |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2393940290#11_3183013123 | Title: Why is trade so important to the world today? - Quora
Headings: Why is trade so important to the world today?
Why is trade so important to the world today?
Anonymous
Content: It allows countries, communities and individuals to specialize in something and become increasingly productive. If Chinese economy didn't have some specific technology or know-how to build a product and US has it then trade allows China to purchase those goods made by US companies. Similarly if labour related to specific industry is expensive in US and the same labour is available abundantly and cheaply in China, then it makes sense for companies to hire people in China because that will bring down the cost and will result in inexpensive goods for US and Chinese consumers. International trade allows for the best and most productive allocation of resources. In the absence of trade French wine industry would collapse and so would Indian IT industry. Angel Lam
, Communications at World Bank Group
Answered 3 years ago · Author has 137 answers and 893.5K answer views
Trade is important because all countries have limited resources to respond to their people's needs. So countries trade with one another to complete each other's needs. It became more important to the world today because the needs have since not just evolved, but also increased. People desire more. As trading in the traditional sense such as barter was phased out, trading by way of doing business and transacting with real money kicked in. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-trade-so-important-to-the-world-today |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2393940290#12_3183014822 | Title: Why is trade so important to the world today? - Quora
Headings: Why is trade so important to the world today?
Why is trade so important to the world today?
Anonymous
Content: Angel Lam
, Communications at World Bank Group
Answered 3 years ago · Author has 137 answers and 893.5K answer views
Trade is important because all countries have limited resources to respond to their people's needs. So countries trade with one another to complete each other's needs. It became more important to the world today because the needs have since not just evolved, but also increased. People desire more. As trading in the traditional sense such as barter was phased out, trading by way of doing business and transacting with real money kicked in. All these businesses create employments that in turn keeps the peoples' needs growing, and become useful diplomacy tools for countries to establish and maintain
Continue Reading
Trade is important because all countries have limited resources to respond to their people's needs. So countries trade with one another to complete each other's needs. It became more important to the world today because the needs have since not just evolved, but also increased. People desire more. As trading in the traditional sense such as barter was phased out, trading by way of doing business and transacting with real money kicked in. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-trade-so-important-to-the-world-today |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2393940290#13_3183016385 | Title: Why is trade so important to the world today? - Quora
Headings: Why is trade so important to the world today?
Why is trade so important to the world today?
Anonymous
Content: All these businesses create employments that in turn keeps the peoples' needs growing, and become useful diplomacy tools for countries to establish and maintain
Continue Reading
Trade is important because all countries have limited resources to respond to their people's needs. So countries trade with one another to complete each other's needs. It became more important to the world today because the needs have since not just evolved, but also increased. People desire more. As trading in the traditional sense such as barter was phased out, trading by way of doing business and transacting with real money kicked in. All these businesses create employments that in turn keeps the peoples' needs growing, and become useful diplomacy tools for countries to establish and maintain ties with one another. Arun Chaudhary
, Student of Economics (hons) at Banaras Hindu University (2018-present)
Answered 1 year ago
Distribution of natural resources,man power,production cost and productivity are differ from one country to other country because of geographical distribution and lack of resources is one country is asset for other country so the internationam trade opened large market for producer to sale out his goods and services to maximise thier profit and the consumers are benifited with availablity of many alternate/subtitute of same product at low price that’why trade so important to the world. 2.3K views
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How do the extremely wealthy invest their money? Masterworks
, The 1st Investment Platform Specifically for Art
Answered April 28, 2021
What’s the one thing in every hedge fund titan’s portfolio that you’re probably not investing in? A-R-T. In fact, 84% of ultra-high-net-worth individuals collect art according to a 2019 Deloitte survey. | https://www.quora.com/Why-is-trade-so-important-to-the-world-today |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2396517792#1_3184928187 | Title: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion? - Quora
Headings: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Quora User
Why hasn't Al Sharpton been charged with tax evasion?
Content: Learn More
18 Answers
Quora User
, Stood on the streets that day, studied it ever since. Answered 2 years ago · Author has 10.5K answers and 36.1M answer views
Originally Answered: Why is Paul Manafort on trial for tax evasion while Al Sharpton owes over $4 million and walks freely? Al Sharpton is cooperating. He is paying every penny back that is owed to the United States of America. Paul Manafort is not cooperating. He has denied his tax evasion, and he has also denied his tax fraud, and he has denied his money laundering, and he has also denied his bank fraud. And, he has denied that he worked as a foreign agent, and did not register with the United States. And, he has denied that he engaged in a group conspiracy to launder money, and he has denied that he failed to register as a foreign agent for his lobbying efforts in Ukraine, and he has denied that he obstructed jus
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Al Sharpton is cooperating. He is paying every penny back that is owed to the United States of America. | https://www.quora.com/Why-isnt-Reverend-Al-Sharpton-in-Jail-for-tax-evasion |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2396517792#2_3184929672 | Title: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion? - Quora
Headings: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Quora User
Why hasn't Al Sharpton been charged with tax evasion?
Content: Paul Manafort is not cooperating. He has denied his tax evasion, and he has also denied his tax fraud, and he has denied his money laundering, and he has also denied his bank fraud. And, he has denied that he worked as a foreign agent, and did not register with the United States. And, he has denied that he engaged in a group conspiracy to launder money, and he has denied that he failed to register as a foreign agent for his lobbying efforts in Ukraine, and he has denied that he obstructed jus
Continue Reading
Al Sharpton is cooperating. He is paying every penny back that is owed to the United States of America. Paul Manafort is not cooperating. He has denied his tax evasion, and he has also denied his tax fraud, and he has denied his money laundering, and he has also denied his bank fraud. And, he has denied that he worked as a foreign agent, and did not register with the United States. And, he has denied that he engaged in a group conspiracy to launder money, and he has denied that he failed to register as a foreign agent for his lobbying efforts in Ukraine, and he has denied that he obstructed justice for attempted witness tampering, with two of the witnesses who were set to testify at his own trials. And, he has denied that he committed bank fraud, many times, since 2014, and defrauded banks in Cypress and in the U.S. out of more than 30 million dollars. | https://www.quora.com/Why-isnt-Reverend-Al-Sharpton-in-Jail-for-tax-evasion |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2396517792#3_3184931521 | Title: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion? - Quora
Headings: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Quora User
Why hasn't Al Sharpton been charged with tax evasion?
Content: Paul Manafort is not cooperating. He has denied his tax evasion, and he has also denied his tax fraud, and he has denied his money laundering, and he has also denied his bank fraud. And, he has denied that he worked as a foreign agent, and did not register with the United States. And, he has denied that he engaged in a group conspiracy to launder money, and he has denied that he failed to register as a foreign agent for his lobbying efforts in Ukraine, and he has denied that he obstructed justice for attempted witness tampering, with two of the witnesses who were set to testify at his own trials. And, he has denied that he committed bank fraud, many times, since 2014, and defrauded banks in Cypress and in the U.S. out of more than 30 million dollars. Sharpton was accused of one count of income tax evasion. He is cooperating. He is paying it back, on a schedule. Paul Manafort — so far — has been accused of 32 separate counts of crimes. Involving more than 30 million dollars. | https://www.quora.com/Why-isnt-Reverend-Al-Sharpton-in-Jail-for-tax-evasion |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2396517792#13_3184946031 | Title: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion? - Quora
Headings: Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Why isn't Reverend Al Sharpton in Jail for tax evasion?
Quora User
Why hasn't Al Sharpton been charged with tax evasion?
Content: They’ll only take to court the worst of the people who try to cheat the government since they can’t get the money from someone in jail they don’t go for those who are willing to settle. Manafort’s problems are more than just nonpayment of taxes. He’s also got eighteen counts of bank fraud and bank conspiracy, failures to list foreign bank accounts, filing false tax returns, obtaining bank loans with false listing of assets, etc. With another trial in another venue for money laundering. Mark Wilson
, former Microbiology/Genetics Professor
Answered 2 years ago · Author has 57 answers and 33.6K answer views
Originally Answered: Why is Paul Manafort on trial for tax evasion while Al Sharpton owes over $4 million and walks freely? I agree completely. No Republican should ever be tried for a crime, no matter how bad, if we can think of or make up a Democrat that has done something vaguely related maybe but is not yet in jail or on trial. Because that’s how America will work best and be great again. Go Republicans! | https://www.quora.com/Why-isnt-Reverend-Al-Sharpton-in-Jail-for-tax-evasion |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2399183413#7_3187033119 | Title: Why is science important? - Quora
Headings: Why is science important?
Why is science important?
Quora User
Content: In the latter case — and this is what the news media miss — we don’t simply proclaim the new result to be the ultimate truth and require every article and book in science to be rewritten to fit the finding. Instead, if the finding is contrary to theory, we repeat the experiment in the same and different ways, check to see that we’re not making a mistake, and determine whether different experiments along the same line don’t reveal that, in fact, our prior knowledge was in error. THEN we can proclaim “actually, eating chocolate cures everything.” Until and unless all of those steps are taken, all we can say is “this one study done somewhere once indicated a statistical association between eating chocolate and longevity, but it didn’t control for other factors very much, which means we can’t really conclude much.” Understanding the scientific method, which is best done by learning science and how we have come about that knowledge, inoculates you to what otherwise is a constant stream of noise. Quora User
, knows Tagalog
Updated 6 months ago · Author has 7.8K answers and 4.3M answer views
Science is important for our knowledge. In fact some beliefs were changed after science developed more accurate technology to study outer space. I am not saying those beliefs were bad that they need to be changed. I guess science has modified those unfounded beliefs. Although humans occupying the earth are now on its peak of scientific discoveries which may mean we learn in an expanding world, how ever crazy this world maybe. | https://www.quora.com/Why-should-we-study-science |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2399183413#12_3187040502 | Title: Why is science important? - Quora
Headings: Why is science important?
Why is science important?
Quora User
Content: Science has influenced the medical industry that today reduces thousands of deaths every day. But is science only about new inventions, new technology and new medicines? We want people to understand that it is not just about new technology, inventions or new medicines. Science is about a whole lot more than that and to sum it up we believe that science is a way of helping the brain grow in finding new knowledge and helps us defeat our curiosity of how the world develops and works today. Science is important because it has helped form the world that we live in today." The problem is : science ‘s works and discovery were particular with physical science. Although there are hints of spiritual science as regard their findings, they are not enough to connect manybquestions as to the validity of “things” we believed are there. The knowledge that there arevphysical atoms that make up a mass remained a physical revelation. How longbwouldnitvtake for soiritual atoms coukd be seen even by physical instruments remained fo be seen for future discoveries. | https://www.quora.com/Why-should-we-study-science |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2401682318#5_3189232714 | Title: Why was Louis XVI executed? - Quora
Headings: Why was Louis XVI executed?
Why was Louis XVI executed?
Noah Wiener
Content: The issue was, he was never given a chance to be a proper Constitutional Monarch, because, in 1789, during a period called the “Great Fear” due to a bunch of conspiracy theories that someone was trying to restore Feudalism, a rumor spread that Louis had trampled a Revolutionary symbol. Now, there was no evidence whatsoever to back this up, but, well, it was winter, there was a bad harvest, people were starving, and Louis’s wife Marie Antoinette was already the public’s favorite punching bag due to being Austrian, which is a fancy way of saying “the country France had been geopolitical rivals with basically since the concept of nations, countries or geopolitics existed”. So what all this meant was: a mob formed, they marched on Versailles, and basically kidnapped the royal family (and might have done worse had Marie Antoinette not faced them in public). The really important thing about this, though, is that the National Guard, you know, the guys who were supposed to enforce the law, did nothing. So you can kind of see how Louis, now in Paris, might have feared for his life surrounded by people who had shown a willingness to physically harm at the very least his wife and protected by guards who were demonstrably unwilling to protect him, might have had his attitude towards the Revolution somewhat soured. This incident led to the cycle of events that ended with Louis at the guillotine. So, why was Louis XVI executed? It wasn’t because he betrayed the Revolution, it was because the Revolution betrayed him. The soldiers of the Revolution showed no willingness to protect him and his family including children against a mob who had come based on a conspiracy theory. | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Louis-XVI-executed |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2401682318#6_3189234739 | Title: Why was Louis XVI executed? - Quora
Headings: Why was Louis XVI executed?
Why was Louis XVI executed?
Noah Wiener
Content: So you can kind of see how Louis, now in Paris, might have feared for his life surrounded by people who had shown a willingness to physically harm at the very least his wife and protected by guards who were demonstrably unwilling to protect him, might have had his attitude towards the Revolution somewhat soured. This incident led to the cycle of events that ended with Louis at the guillotine. So, why was Louis XVI executed? It wasn’t because he betrayed the Revolution, it was because the Revolution betrayed him. The soldiers of the Revolution showed no willingness to protect him and his family including children against a mob who had come based on a conspiracy theory. Louis believed, and I agree, that the Revolutionary government was never able to establish itself as fitting any description of a functioning government. His execution was the culmination of a paranoia among French society on all levels that there was a conspiracy to overthrow the government (which there was, to be fair, but it didn't involve the King and never had a realistic chance of success). He wasn’t a traitor, the Revolution betrayed him. James Burton
Answered 5 years ago
In short, because he tried to flee. In 1789 a mob of Parisian women marched on the Palace of Versailles. | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Louis-XVI-executed |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2401682318#7_3189236320 | Title: Why was Louis XVI executed? - Quora
Headings: Why was Louis XVI executed?
Why was Louis XVI executed?
Noah Wiener
Content: Louis believed, and I agree, that the Revolutionary government was never able to establish itself as fitting any description of a functioning government. His execution was the culmination of a paranoia among French society on all levels that there was a conspiracy to overthrow the government (which there was, to be fair, but it didn't involve the King and never had a realistic chance of success). He wasn’t a traitor, the Revolution betrayed him. James Burton
Answered 5 years ago
In short, because he tried to flee. In 1789 a mob of Parisian women marched on the Palace of Versailles. The king and his family were marched to Paris, to live in the Tuileries Palace in Paris. This was because the revolutionaries thought that they could keep a better eye on him. Most people didn't despise the king per se, but most absolutely hated the Ancien Regime. The revolutionaries thought that they could bring the king round to support the revolution; at this point republicanism was confined to the Parisian coffee houses - places where political clubs would meet and debate and discuss th
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In short, because he tried to flee. | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Louis-XVI-executed |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2401682318#8_3189237770 | Title: Why was Louis XVI executed? - Quora
Headings: Why was Louis XVI executed?
Why was Louis XVI executed?
Noah Wiener
Content: The king and his family were marched to Paris, to live in the Tuileries Palace in Paris. This was because the revolutionaries thought that they could keep a better eye on him. Most people didn't despise the king per se, but most absolutely hated the Ancien Regime. The revolutionaries thought that they could bring the king round to support the revolution; at this point republicanism was confined to the Parisian coffee houses - places where political clubs would meet and debate and discuss th
Continue Reading
In short, because he tried to flee. In 1789 a mob of Parisian women marched on the Palace of Versailles. The king and his family were marched to Paris, to live in the Tuileries Palace in Paris. This was because the revolutionaries thought that they could keep a better eye on him. Most people didn't despise the king per se, but most absolutely hated the Ancien Regime. The revolutionaries thought that they could bring the king round to support the revolution; | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Louis-XVI-executed |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2401682318#9_3189239050 | Title: Why was Louis XVI executed? - Quora
Headings: Why was Louis XVI executed?
Why was Louis XVI executed?
Noah Wiener
Content: In 1789 a mob of Parisian women marched on the Palace of Versailles. The king and his family were marched to Paris, to live in the Tuileries Palace in Paris. This was because the revolutionaries thought that they could keep a better eye on him. Most people didn't despise the king per se, but most absolutely hated the Ancien Regime. The revolutionaries thought that they could bring the king round to support the revolution; at this point republicanism was confined to the Parisian coffee houses - places where political clubs would meet and debate and discuss things pertaining to politics. Then, in 1791, Louis XVI and his family attempted to flee from Paris to a town in northeastern France called Montmedy. It was a royalist town that was well protected. He was spotted before he could get there, however, and taken back to Paris. The people suddenly hated him for this. | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Louis-XVI-executed |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2401880136#14_3189394586 | Title: Why was Marie Antoinette known as Madame Deficit? - Quora
Headings: Why was Marie Antoinette known as Madame Deficit?
Why was Marie Antoinette known as Madame Deficit?
Content: The Varennes escape was without question an act of treason, and there is ample evidence that she was at the time in cahoots with the Austrians knowing their plans to storm into France. She may well have felt justified in doing so, in light of her personal circumstances, but that’s not really the point. All in all, was Marie-Antoinette a bad person ? Absolutely not. She was a very young woman when she became a Queen of France and most of her mistakes were the result of her immaturity. She was nonetheless unfit for this role and did bear some responsibility for the downfall of the monarchy. Sponsored by Gundry MD
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Related Answer
Ludivine Reynaud
Answered 2 years ago · Author has 1.1K answers and 7.6M answer views
Was Marie Antoinette just misunderstood? Marie Antoinette was as misunderstood as she herself misunderstood what was expected of her. | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Marie-Antoinette-known-as-Madame-Deficit |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2402995003#15_3190270184 | Title: Why was Stalin so feared? - Quora
Headings: Why was Stalin so feared?
Why was Stalin so feared?
Content: So Stalin was disliked by the people, and even
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Stalin had for al intents and purposes a very very weak power base. This is surprising for such a brutal dictator, but in comparison to let’s say Hitler, Stalin had a weak power base. By this I mean that he was not the absolutely accepted leader of the party which he lead. Many felt rightly that Stalin was too brutish and morally unacceptable as successor to Lenin. In comparison, nobody in the Nazi party could ever make the mistake of challenging Hitler’s position in the party. The german people had a bond with Hitler specifically, not the nazis. So Stalin was disliked by the people, and even more by his peers who hated the way in which he seized power. Stalin’s answer, horrific brutality against his professional peers and his people. There are stories of people getting knocked off for not clapping at his speeches. So that’s the answer, Stalin was feared because he wanted to be feared. | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-Stalin-so-feared |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2403301754#0_3190571304 | Title: Why was WW2 so important? - Quora
Headings: Why was WW2 so important?
Why was WW2 so important?
The long answer:
Quora User
Laurie Pettitt
Content: Why was WW2 so important? - Quora
Why was WW2 so important? Ad by Uber Freight
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Jan Saunders-Singer
, 15 years as an amateur historian of WWII and a collector of US militaria. Answered 4 years ago · Author has 278 answers and 376.7K answer views
It was important to Germany because the victors of WWI did their best to destroy them completely. We, like the US and other countries refused to take the so called undesirables that Germany had rounded up. Germany was left alone to find the final solution. Our hands can never be clean of that. | https://www.quora.com/Why-was-WW2-so-important |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#6_3193868122 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: So after defeating them in the field the muslims would leave to Damascus, or Mosul, or Aleppo, and try again. King Richard knew if he took Jerusalem then he would be hard pressed to hold it. Most of the crusaders would leave as soon as the city was retaken for the Christians. They would see their mission complete and vows fullfilled. For the crusaders it wasn't about conquering all of the Middle East, it was about the Levant, and most importantly Jerusalem. For them it wasn't a war with a side of pilgrimage, it was a pilgrimage with a side of war (originally said by John Green, Crash course world history). thanks for reading. Andrew Bailey
, Teacher of Religious Studies at St Dominic's Sixth Form College (2016-present)
Answered 2 years ago
Originally Answered: Why were crusades not successful? Successful at what? | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#7_3193869283 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: For them it wasn't a war with a side of pilgrimage, it was a pilgrimage with a side of war (originally said by John Green, Crash course world history). thanks for reading. Andrew Bailey
, Teacher of Religious Studies at St Dominic's Sixth Form College (2016-present)
Answered 2 years ago
Originally Answered: Why were crusades not successful? Successful at what? Thousands of people went on crusade for a multitude of different reasons. If you judge by their motivation then some were and some weren’t. Historians have identified broad themes of motivations for both the ‘big players’, as it were, and the individuals who went. Byzantine Motivations
The First Crusade (1095-1099) was initiated partly by the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118) sending an envoy to Rome requesting troops to aid in his war of re-conquest against the Seljuk Turks. It’s likely he was hoping for a few hundred or couple of thousand Latin knights as mer
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Successful at what? | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#9_3193872322 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: Thousands of people went on crusade for a multitude of different reasons. If you judge by their motivation then some were and some weren’t. Historians have identified broad themes of motivations for both the ‘big players’, as it were, and the individuals who went. Byzantine Motivations
The First Crusade (1095-1099) was initiated partly by the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118) sending an envoy to Rome requesting troops to aid in his war of re-conquest against the Seljuk Turks. It’s likely he was hoping for a few hundred or couple of thousand Latin knights as mercenaries, but instead a 35,000 strong rabble showed up looting local Christian villages and being a general nuisance. Having said that, this crusading army progressed through Anatolia down to Jerusalem and in their wake Alexios regained control of important cities such as Nikea. From this perspective, the First Crusade was a moderate success for him. However, if we fast-forward in time, it is widely considered that the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) completely crippled the Byzantine Empire and led to the collapse of Constantinople in 1453 becoming a when rather than an if. So long-term, the crusades were unsuccessful for the Byzantines as they led to the destruction of their empire rather than the restoration of it. Papal Motivations
The First Crusade was initiated in Western Europe by Pope Urban II (1088-1099). | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#10_3193874079 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: Having said that, this crusading army progressed through Anatolia down to Jerusalem and in their wake Alexios regained control of important cities such as Nikea. From this perspective, the First Crusade was a moderate success for him. However, if we fast-forward in time, it is widely considered that the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) completely crippled the Byzantine Empire and led to the collapse of Constantinople in 1453 becoming a when rather than an if. So long-term, the crusades were unsuccessful for the Byzantines as they led to the destruction of their empire rather than the restoration of it. Papal Motivations
The First Crusade was initiated in Western Europe by Pope Urban II (1088-1099). While this was off the back of the Byzantine envoys turning up, no-one seriously thinks that the Pope promoted the crusade for purely selfless reasons to help the Byzantines. At the very least he wanted to re-establish Roman hegemony over the Eastern Orthodox Church, which in 1054 had split from Rome, a schism which remains to this present day. In addition to this it seems that he was keen to increase the power of the papacy, as during this century the investiture controversy had really kicked off (should the king or the church appoint bishops, oddly enough they disagreed on the answer). A crusade would promote loyalty amongst Western Christendom and be a rallying cry. In addition to this was the awkward fact that since the Islamic invasion of the late seventh and early eighth century, the original Christian lands of the Middle East were under Muslim rule and so this needed rectifying. | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#11_3193876015 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: While this was off the back of the Byzantine envoys turning up, no-one seriously thinks that the Pope promoted the crusade for purely selfless reasons to help the Byzantines. At the very least he wanted to re-establish Roman hegemony over the Eastern Orthodox Church, which in 1054 had split from Rome, a schism which remains to this present day. In addition to this it seems that he was keen to increase the power of the papacy, as during this century the investiture controversy had really kicked off (should the king or the church appoint bishops, oddly enough they disagreed on the answer). A crusade would promote loyalty amongst Western Christendom and be a rallying cry. In addition to this was the awkward fact that since the Islamic invasion of the late seventh and early eighth century, the original Christian lands of the Middle East were under Muslim rule and so this needed rectifying. The First Crusade was remarkably successful as they captured Jerusalem and it was returned to Christian control. This remained the case for some time, however over the next few centuries these gains were not only lost but reversed. In 1453 the Ottomans captured Constantinople, a significant Christian city, and swept into Eastern Europe. They remained there until the break-up of the empire after the First World War (1914-1918). So again, short-term, there was some success but long-term it was disastrous. | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#12_3193877757 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: The First Crusade was remarkably successful as they captured Jerusalem and it was returned to Christian control. This remained the case for some time, however over the next few centuries these gains were not only lost but reversed. In 1453 the Ottomans captured Constantinople, a significant Christian city, and swept into Eastern Europe. They remained there until the break-up of the empire after the First World War (1914-1918). So again, short-term, there was some success but long-term it was disastrous. When we consider the power of the papacy the picture is not much better. The power of Rome waxed and waned during the Medieval period, and while today the Pope has unrivalled power in the Roman Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation rent Western Christendom asunder. To this day both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Protestant churches are in schism with Rome. Personal Motivations
Individual crusaders went for a variety of reasons. Some left for material gain, such as Bohemond of Taranto. | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#14_3193880554 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: He took control of Antioch and so from this perspective, the crusade was a success. However, most seem to have left for religious reasons. Western Christianity was conflicted between the teachings of the Church, which promoted peace and love, and their personal ambitions and competitive reality, which meant a lot of fighting. The First Crusade was promoted in such a way that directed their energies in a ‘more productive way’. It was effectively the Church sighing and saying, “If you are going to keep on fighting and killing each other, at least kill some people who aren’t Christian.” This was presented as a way to absolve sins as well, anyone who died went to heaven (reminds you of contemporary Islamic suicide bombers a little, doesn’t it). It was a military pilgrimage that counted as major penance. The lords and knights took up the call with gusto. Many sold their possessions, packed up to leave, and once they achieved their goal, came back home. So in this sense, it was a success again. | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#15_3193881922 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: This was presented as a way to absolve sins as well, anyone who died went to heaven (reminds you of contemporary Islamic suicide bombers a little, doesn’t it). It was a military pilgrimage that counted as major penance. The lords and knights took up the call with gusto. Many sold their possessions, packed up to leave, and once they achieved their goal, came back home. So in this sense, it was a success again. Conclusion
If we consider the Fourth Crusade again we see some of the complexities at play. The Fourth Crusade ended with the sacking of Constantinople. This came about as a result of an out-of-power claimant to the Byzantine throne banding together with an ambitious Venice that ended up with the power of Byzantium smashed. It was a success for the Venetians, but considering that the initial aim was the recapture of Jerusalem we could judge it unsuccessful. A second example might be one of the alternative crusades. | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2408141409#16_3193883196 | Title: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful? - Quora
Headings: Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Why were the Crusades unsuccessful?
Anonymous
Content: Conclusion
If we consider the Fourth Crusade again we see some of the complexities at play. The Fourth Crusade ended with the sacking of Constantinople. This came about as a result of an out-of-power claimant to the Byzantine throne banding together with an ambitious Venice that ended up with the power of Byzantium smashed. It was a success for the Venetians, but considering that the initial aim was the recapture of Jerusalem we could judge it unsuccessful. A second example might be one of the alternative crusades. The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) again had multiple factors at play: for example, eradicate the Cathar heresy (the Church) and bring southern France under control of the King of France (the King of France). It largely achieved this, though it’s debateable how well it did so. We conclude simply by saying that the question of ‘Why were the crusades not successful?’ is a questi | https://www.quora.com/Why-were-the-Crusades-unsuccessful |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2432703390#0_3238812245 | Title: Quantum Physics and Spirituality
Headings: Quantum Physics and Spirituality
Quantum Physics and Spirituality 5 min read
Content: Quantum Physics and Spirituality
Quantum Physics and Spirituality 5 min read
By
Darius Copac
-
Sep 22, 2017
27948
What is quantum physics? A quantum is the minimum unit of any physical entity involved in an interaction. Quantum theory is a branch of physics which is the fundamental theory of nature at small scales and low energies of atoms and subatomic particles. Quantum mechanics differs from classical physics in that energy, momentum and other quantities are often restricted to discrete values (quantization). Quantum physics or quantum mechanics provides a mathematical description of the wave/particle duality and interactions of energy and matter
What is The connection between quantum physics and consciousness? Consciousness, or observation, can affect the physical world around us is called the “Copenhagen Interpretation”. According to the Copenhagen interpretation, as long as there is no consciousness observing a system (a system of particles, planets, light, chairs, etc.), then the system will evolve in time according to the rules of quantum mechanics (waves and super-positions and whatnot). However, the moment that a conscious observer observes the system it suddenly stops obeying the laws of QM and, rather than being in a superposition of states, snaps to one state. Essentially, the act of observation creates a definite reality. | https://www.qwaym.com/quantum-physics-spirituality/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2432703390#1_3238813927 | Title: Quantum Physics and Spirituality
Headings: Quantum Physics and Spirituality
Quantum Physics and Spirituality 5 min read
Content: Consciousness, or observation, can affect the physical world around us is called the “Copenhagen Interpretation”. According to the Copenhagen interpretation, as long as there is no consciousness observing a system (a system of particles, planets, light, chairs, etc.), then the system will evolve in time according to the rules of quantum mechanics (waves and super-positions and whatnot). However, the moment that a conscious observer observes the system it suddenly stops obeying the laws of QM and, rather than being in a superposition of states, snaps to one state. Essentially, the act of observation creates a definite reality. Among quantum physicists, the best theory is the “Many Worlds Hypothesis”. Here’s the basic idea: Light was the first thing that clearly demonstrated super-position (being in more than one state at once). After that we saw super-position in electrons, protons and neutrons, alpha particles (helium), and even Buckyballs (also called “Buckminsterfullerene”, a molecule with 60 carbon atoms). The larger a thing is, the harder it is to do an experiment that shows super-position, but so far everything seems to be capable of being in a super-position of states. | https://www.qwaym.com/quantum-physics-spirituality/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2444020599#4_3261790953 | Title: 10 Ways To Start a Conversation About Race | Race Forward
Headings: 10 Ways To Start a Conversation About Race
10 Ways To Start a Conversation About Race
INDIVIDUALS
EDUCATORS
BUSINESS LEADERS
FAITH LEADERS
PHILANTHROPISTS
LIBRARIANS
Content: Download draft proclamation text here .) FAITH LEADERS
Hold a special service, prayer gathering or meditative session in honor of racial healing. Identify faith-based activists, nonprofit organizations and others who are engaged in community racial healing. Invite them to co-develop a Day of Racial Healing event with you. Join the conversation on social networks using the hashtags #HowWeHeal and encourage others to do the same. PHILANTHROPISTS
Become an active part of the solution year-round. Invest in educational programs directly tied to discussing and fostering a positive environment of racial healing. Provide scholarships or grants to students of all ages to support meaningful activities related to advancing racial equity and diversity in your local community. Take to social networks with a show of support using the hashtags #HowWeHeal and #TRHT (Truth, Racial Healing & Transformation). LIBRARIANS
Dedicate your children’s story hour to the National Day of Racial Healing. | https://www.raceforward.org/practice/tools/10-ways-start-conversation-about-race |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2446761506#1_3267914047 | Title: Home Fries – From America’s Test Kitchen | Rachael Ray Show
Headings: Home Fries – From America’s Test Kitchen
Home Fries – From America’s Test Kitchen
How To Make Linguine with Agrodolce (Sweet & Sour) Cherry Tomato…
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Vanity Tour | Makeup Collection | Makeup Artist Mally Roncal
First-Aid + Allergy Supplies For Spring | Dr. Ian Smith
Home Fries – From America’s Test Kitchen
Viral Video of Man Dancing Joyfully In The Snow After Getting Hi…
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Ingredients
Yield
Preparation
Content: Second Chance At Your Favorite Buys That S…
Rachael's Fan Mail Show & Tell: She Shares More Amazing Artwork,…
Rachael Makes Heartfelt Announcement About Her New Book "This Mu…
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Making home fries the traditional way takes about an hour of standing over a hot skillet, after which you get only three servings at most. We wanted a quicker, more hands-off method for making a larger amount. To speed things up, we developed a hybrid cooking technique: First, we parboil diced russet potatoes, and then we coat them in oil and cook them in a very hot oven. We discovered that boiling the potatoes with baking soda quickly breaks down their exterior while leaving their insides nearly raw, ensuring home fries with a crisp, brown crust and a moist, fluffy interior. We added diced onions in the last 20 minutes of oven time and finished the home fries with chives to reinforce the onion flavor. Ingredients
3 1/2 pounds russet potatoes, peeled and cut into ¾-inch dice
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
3 tablespoons unsalted butter, cut into 12 pieces
Kosher salt and pepper
Pinch cayenne pepper
3 tablespoons vegetable oil
2 onions, cut into 1/2-inch dice
3 tablespoons minced fresh chives
Yield
Serves: 6 to 8
Preparation
Don’t skip the baking soda in this recipe. It’s critical for home fries with just the right crisp texture. | https://www.rachaelrayshow.com/food/recipes/19823_home_fries_from_america_s_test_kitchen |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2458690929#2_3293679470 | Title: Will the $600 Weekly Unemployment Benefits Be Extended?
Headings: Will the $600 Weekly Unemployment Benefits Be Extended Past July 31?
Will the $600 Weekly Unemployment Benefits Be Extended Past July 31?
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This is a modal window. This modal can be closed by pressing the Escape key or activating the close button. By Johnny Lopez
June 10, 2020
06/10/2020
8:57 am
The $600 weekly enhanced unemployment benefits jobless Americans are currently receiving are set to expire on July 31. The benefits were part of the CARES Act stimulus package that passed in March and gave qualified taxpayers $1,200 stimulus checks and qualified jobless workers an extra $600 a week in unemployment insurance benefits. Last month, the Democrat-controlled House passed another $3 trillion stimulus package, known as the HEROES Act, that would extend the additional unemployment payments until January 2021. | https://www.radio.com/news/will-the-usd600-weekly-unemployment-benefits-be-extended |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2470632943#6_3315116629 | Title: Railcard
Headings: How to get cheap train tickets
How to get cheap train tickets
1. Get a Railcard or 16-17 Saver
Savings Calculator
2. Book advanced fares
3. Buy a Season Ticket
4. Use a fare finder
5. Avoid booking fees
6. Smart ticketing
7. Use promotions
8. Try booking late
9. Avoid the rush
10. Join a cashback site
11. Refunds
12. Cheap First Class tickets
13. GroupSave
14. Sleeper trains
Content: Avoid booking fees
Many booking sites charge a set or a variable fee for booking tickets. If you want to avoid this cost use a site like National Rail. National Rail don’t sell rail tickets, but they will show you the cheapest prices available. They link directly to the train companies, many of which are fee-free. 6. Smart ticketing
The government have announced their plans to roll out smart ticketing throughout England and Wales by the end of 2018. Smart tickets will give passengers the option to travel using digital tickets hosted on their phones as well as physical vouchers. The smart ticketing technology will eventually be rolled out to every rail franchise over the course of the year. Check out the video below to learn more about smart ticketing. Rail Delivery Group / Smart Ticketing on National Rail from Shootjam on Vimeo
Rail Delivery Group / Smart Ticketing on National Rail
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This opens in a new window. | https://www.railcard.co.uk/cheap-train-tickets/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2470632943#7_3315118321 | Title: Railcard
Headings: How to get cheap train tickets
How to get cheap train tickets
1. Get a Railcard or 16-17 Saver
Savings Calculator
2. Book advanced fares
3. Buy a Season Ticket
4. Use a fare finder
5. Avoid booking fees
6. Smart ticketing
7. Use promotions
8. Try booking late
9. Avoid the rush
10. Join a cashback site
11. Refunds
12. Cheap First Class tickets
13. GroupSave
14. Sleeper trains
Content: Smart ticketing
The government have announced their plans to roll out smart ticketing throughout England and Wales by the end of 2018. Smart tickets will give passengers the option to travel using digital tickets hosted on their phones as well as physical vouchers. The smart ticketing technology will eventually be rolled out to every rail franchise over the course of the year. Check out the video below to learn more about smart ticketing. Rail Delivery Group / Smart Ticketing on National Rail from Shootjam on Vimeo
Rail Delivery Group / Smart Ticketing on National Rail
from Shootjam
Play
Pause
Play
LIVE
0
00:00
01:10
Settings
Enter full screen
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Click to Unmute
This opens in a new window. 7. Use promotions
National Rail maintain a promotional index which displays all the offers that rail operators have like “Club 50” by Scotrail over at http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/times_fares/359.aspx . 8. Try booking late
Many people know that booking beforehand is cheaper but not everyone knows that you can buy advanced passes quite late. A summary of the furthest travel dates where you can reserve seats now for rail companies providing advance prices can be found at http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/times_fares/ticket_types/44703.aspx/.
9. | https://www.railcard.co.uk/cheap-train-tickets/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2471015430#12_3316005157 | Title: Railroad Workers United
Headings: Welcome to Railroad Workers United
Welcome to Railroad Workers United
A Place for All North American Rail Workers
RWU Endorses the Efforts of the Movement for a People’s Party to form a New U.S. Political Party
RWU Open Letter to President-Elect Joe Biden
Coronavirus and the Railroad
The Year of the Derailment - 2019
Major Derailments of 2019
RWU Steps Up Campaign in Support of the Two Person Train Crew
SMART-TD Union Solicits Technology Failures from Train and Engine Crews
POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL (PTC) - TRIP OPTIMIZER / LEADER
Oppose “Precision Scheduled Railroading”
Two-person Crew Legislation Gains Momentum
Become an RWU Sustainer Today!
Contact Congress in Support of Two-person Crew Legislation
Call the U.S. Capitol Switchboard at 202-224-3121
Protect the Safety of Railroad Workers and the Community:
No Single Employee Train Crews!
RWU Facebook Page
RWU YouTube Channel
Check out the RWU newsletter “The Highball”
Behavior-Based Safety: Myth or Magic?
The Railroad Workers Education & Legal Defense Foundation
RWU Rail Safety Conferences
Brother J.P Wright's Away-from-Home TV Report
Why an Alliance of Rail Labor & the Community is Essential
What’s Wrong with Single Employee Train Operations?
RWU Founding Convention Video
RWU Program to Honor and Remember Fallen Rails
RWU Campaign Against Single Employee Train Crews
RWU Campaign against “Blame-the-Worker” Safety Programs
Railroad Workers United: The Video
RWU Member Mark Burrows
RWU Adopts a Series of New Resolutions at 6th Biennial Convention
Join RWU Today!
Content: NOTE: while these numbers are thankfully low, RWU counts more than 20 total rail fatalities for 2019. That will be the subject of a separate email). Why such a spike in derailments and fatalities? We believe the short answer is Precision Scheduled Railroading (PSR). With its insistence on running longer and heavier trains, utilizing fewer locomotives, shuttering diesel shops, expediting train and engine inspections, cutting back on track maintenance forces, implementing "super" pools, trimming of extra boards, and cuts to practically every aspect of the operation, PSR is proving to be a disaster. A compliant Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), turning a blind eye to it all and giving the rail industry the green light in effect to "self-regulate", does not help matters. RWU has done our best to collect and document these derailments of the past year. NOTE : It is quite likely that we missed a few, perhaps many. | https://www.railroadworkersunited.org/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2471015430#13_3316007908 | Title: Railroad Workers United
Headings: Welcome to Railroad Workers United
Welcome to Railroad Workers United
A Place for All North American Rail Workers
RWU Endorses the Efforts of the Movement for a People’s Party to form a New U.S. Political Party
RWU Open Letter to President-Elect Joe Biden
Coronavirus and the Railroad
The Year of the Derailment - 2019
Major Derailments of 2019
RWU Steps Up Campaign in Support of the Two Person Train Crew
SMART-TD Union Solicits Technology Failures from Train and Engine Crews
POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL (PTC) - TRIP OPTIMIZER / LEADER
Oppose “Precision Scheduled Railroading”
Two-person Crew Legislation Gains Momentum
Become an RWU Sustainer Today!
Contact Congress in Support of Two-person Crew Legislation
Call the U.S. Capitol Switchboard at 202-224-3121
Protect the Safety of Railroad Workers and the Community:
No Single Employee Train Crews!
RWU Facebook Page
RWU YouTube Channel
Check out the RWU newsletter “The Highball”
Behavior-Based Safety: Myth or Magic?
The Railroad Workers Education & Legal Defense Foundation
RWU Rail Safety Conferences
Brother J.P Wright's Away-from-Home TV Report
Why an Alliance of Rail Labor & the Community is Essential
What’s Wrong with Single Employee Train Operations?
RWU Founding Convention Video
RWU Program to Honor and Remember Fallen Rails
RWU Campaign Against Single Employee Train Crews
RWU Campaign against “Blame-the-Worker” Safety Programs
Railroad Workers United: The Video
RWU Member Mark Burrows
RWU Adopts a Series of New Resolutions at 6th Biennial Convention
Join RWU Today!
Content: With its insistence on running longer and heavier trains, utilizing fewer locomotives, shuttering diesel shops, expediting train and engine inspections, cutting back on track maintenance forces, implementing "super" pools, trimming of extra boards, and cuts to practically every aspect of the operation, PSR is proving to be a disaster. A compliant Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), turning a blind eye to it all and giving the rail industry the green light in effect to "self-regulate", does not help matters. RWU has done our best to collect and document these derailments of the past year. NOTE : It is quite likely that we missed a few, perhaps many. Do you see a glaring omission? Please email us a link to it at [email protected] . Thanks! Finally, please forward this email to your local media outlets, city council Reps, State Assembly Persons and U.S. Senators and Representatives. Major Derailments of 2019
WARNING: | https://www.railroadworkersunited.org/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474757968#0_3324113159 | Title: Child Sexual Abuse | RAINN
Headings: Child Sexual Abuse
Child Sexual Abuse
What is child sexual abuse?
What do perpetrators of child sexual abuse look like?
How can I protect my child from sexual abuse?
What are the warning signs?
Physical signs:
Behavioral signs:
Where can I get help?
Content: Child Sexual Abuse | RAINN
Child Sexual Abuse
Para leer en español, haga clic aquí. When a perpetrator intentionally harms a minor physically, psychologically, sexually, or by acts of neglect, the crime is known as child abuse. This page focuses specifically on child sexual abuse and the warning signs that this crime may be occurring. What is child sexual abuse? Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse that includes sexual activity with a minor. A child cannot consent to any form of sexual activity, period. When a perpetrator engages with a child this way, they are committing a crime that can have lasting effects on the victim for years. Child sexual abuse does not need to include physical contact between a perpetrator and a child. Some forms of child sexual abuse include: Exhibitionism, or exposing oneself to a minor
Fondling
Intercourse
Masturbation in the presence of a minor or forcing the minor to masturbate
Obscene phone calls, text messages, or digital interaction
Producing, owning, or sharing pornographic images or movies of children
Sex of any kind with a minor, including vaginal, oral, or anal
Sex trafficking
Any other sexual conduct that is harmful to a child's mental, emotional, or physical welfare
What do perpetrators of child sexual abuse look like? | https://www.rainn.org/articles/child-sexual-abuse |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474757968#1_3324114946 | Title: Child Sexual Abuse | RAINN
Headings: Child Sexual Abuse
Child Sexual Abuse
What is child sexual abuse?
What do perpetrators of child sexual abuse look like?
How can I protect my child from sexual abuse?
What are the warning signs?
Physical signs:
Behavioral signs:
Where can I get help?
Content: A child cannot consent to any form of sexual activity, period. When a perpetrator engages with a child this way, they are committing a crime that can have lasting effects on the victim for years. Child sexual abuse does not need to include physical contact between a perpetrator and a child. Some forms of child sexual abuse include: Exhibitionism, or exposing oneself to a minor
Fondling
Intercourse
Masturbation in the presence of a minor or forcing the minor to masturbate
Obscene phone calls, text messages, or digital interaction
Producing, owning, or sharing pornographic images or movies of children
Sex of any kind with a minor, including vaginal, oral, or anal
Sex trafficking
Any other sexual conduct that is harmful to a child's mental, emotional, or physical welfare
What do perpetrators of child sexual abuse look like? The majority of perpetrators are someone the child or family knows. As many as 93 percent of victims under the age of 18 know the abuser. A perpetrator does not have to be an adult to harm a child. They can have any relationship to the child including an older sibling or playmate, family member, a teacher, a coach or instructor, a caretaker, or the parent of another child. According to 1 in 6, “ [Child] sexual abuse is the result of abusive behavior that takes advantage of a child’s vulnerability and is in no way related to the sexual orientation of the abusive person.” | https://www.rainn.org/articles/child-sexual-abuse |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474757968#2_3324116862 | Title: Child Sexual Abuse | RAINN
Headings: Child Sexual Abuse
Child Sexual Abuse
What is child sexual abuse?
What do perpetrators of child sexual abuse look like?
How can I protect my child from sexual abuse?
What are the warning signs?
Physical signs:
Behavioral signs:
Where can I get help?
Content: The majority of perpetrators are someone the child or family knows. As many as 93 percent of victims under the age of 18 know the abuser. A perpetrator does not have to be an adult to harm a child. They can have any relationship to the child including an older sibling or playmate, family member, a teacher, a coach or instructor, a caretaker, or the parent of another child. According to 1 in 6, “ [Child] sexual abuse is the result of abusive behavior that takes advantage of a child’s vulnerability and is in no way related to the sexual orientation of the abusive person.” Abusers can manipulate victims to stay quiet about the sexual abuse using a number of different tactics. Often an abuser will use their position of power over the victim to coerce or intimidate the child. They might tell the child that the activity is normal or that they enjoyed it. An abuser may make threats if the child refuses to participate or plans to tell another adult. Child sexual abuse is not only a physical violation; | https://www.rainn.org/articles/child-sexual-abuse |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474757968#3_3324118369 | Title: Child Sexual Abuse | RAINN
Headings: Child Sexual Abuse
Child Sexual Abuse
What is child sexual abuse?
What do perpetrators of child sexual abuse look like?
How can I protect my child from sexual abuse?
What are the warning signs?
Physical signs:
Behavioral signs:
Where can I get help?
Content: Abusers can manipulate victims to stay quiet about the sexual abuse using a number of different tactics. Often an abuser will use their position of power over the victim to coerce or intimidate the child. They might tell the child that the activity is normal or that they enjoyed it. An abuser may make threats if the child refuses to participate or plans to tell another adult. Child sexual abuse is not only a physical violation; it is a violation of trust and/or authority. How can I protect my child from sexual abuse? A big part of protecting your child is about creating a dialogue. Read more to learn about creating this dialogue and keeping your child safe. Talk to Your Child if You Suspect Sexual Abuse
Protecting Children from Sexual Abuse
What are the warning signs? | https://www.rainn.org/articles/child-sexual-abuse |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474830810#1_3324305358 | Title: Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities | RAINN
Headings: Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities
Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities
Understanding the crime
The role of consent
Getting help
What are the warning signs for child sexual abuse?
Every 68 seconds, another American is sexually assaulted.
95¢ of every $1 goes to helping survivors and preventing sexual violence.
Content: People with different disabilities may face different challenges and have very different needs. Some disabilities may put people at higher risk for crimes like sexual assault or abuse. Someone who needs regular assistance may rely on a person who is abusing them for care, a common factor in elder abuse. The perpetrator may use this power to threaten, coerce, or force someone into non-consensual sex or sexual activities. An abuser may take away access to the tools a person with a disability uses to communicate, such as a computer or phone. People with disabilities may be less likely to be taken seriously when they make a report of sexual assault or abuse. They may also face challenges in accessing services to make a report in the first place. For example, someone who is Deaf for Deaf-Blind may face challenges accessing communication tools, like a phone, to report the crime or get help. Many people with disabilities may not understand or lack information about healthy sexuality and the types of touching that are appropriate or inappropriate. This can be especially challenging if a person’s disability requires other people to touch them to provide care. | https://www.rainn.org/articles/sexual-abuse-people-disabilities |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474830810#2_3324307126 | Title: Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities | RAINN
Headings: Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities
Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities
Understanding the crime
The role of consent
Getting help
What are the warning signs for child sexual abuse?
Every 68 seconds, another American is sexually assaulted.
95¢ of every $1 goes to helping survivors and preventing sexual violence.
Content: People with disabilities may be less likely to be taken seriously when they make a report of sexual assault or abuse. They may also face challenges in accessing services to make a report in the first place. For example, someone who is Deaf for Deaf-Blind may face challenges accessing communication tools, like a phone, to report the crime or get help. Many people with disabilities may not understand or lack information about healthy sexuality and the types of touching that are appropriate or inappropriate. This can be especially challenging if a person’s disability requires other people to touch them to provide care. The role of consent
Consent is crucial when any person engages in sexual activity, but it plays an even bigger, and potentially more complicated role when someone has a disability. Some disabilities may make it difficult to communicate consent to participate in sexual activity, and perpetrators may take advantage of this. People with disabilities may also not be given the same education about sexuality and consent that people without disabilities receive. In addition, someone who has a developmental or intellectual disability may not have the ability to consent to sexual activity, as defined by the state laws. In many instances, the person who has a disability may rely on the perpetrator for care or support, making it even more difficult to come forward. | https://www.rainn.org/articles/sexual-abuse-people-disabilities |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474830810#3_3324309116 | Title: Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities | RAINN
Headings: Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities
Sexual Abuse of People with Disabilities
Understanding the crime
The role of consent
Getting help
What are the warning signs for child sexual abuse?
Every 68 seconds, another American is sexually assaulted.
95¢ of every $1 goes to helping survivors and preventing sexual violence.
Content: The role of consent
Consent is crucial when any person engages in sexual activity, but it plays an even bigger, and potentially more complicated role when someone has a disability. Some disabilities may make it difficult to communicate consent to participate in sexual activity, and perpetrators may take advantage of this. People with disabilities may also not be given the same education about sexuality and consent that people without disabilities receive. In addition, someone who has a developmental or intellectual disability may not have the ability to consent to sexual activity, as defined by the state laws. In many instances, the person who has a disability may rely on the perpetrator for care or support, making it even more difficult to come forward. Take steps to reduce the risk of something happening to a loved one by asking prospective caregivers questions about safety and standards of care. Getting help
Everyone has the right to safety. If you or someone you know has a disability and has experienced sexual assault or abuse, there is support available. If you know of or suspect sexual assault or abuse, you can report it. Call your local police station or 911 to contact law enforcement. | https://www.rainn.org/articles/sexual-abuse-people-disabilities |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2474887143#0_3324450064 | Title: Warning Signs for Young Children | RAINN
Headings: Warning Signs for Young Children
Warning Signs for Young Children
Signs that a child may have been sexually abused
Warning signs:
Physical signs:
Behavioral signs:
Emotional signs:
Signs that an adult may be hurting a child
Taking action isn’t easy, but it’s important
Content: Warning Signs for Young Children | RAINN
Warning Signs for Young Children
Para leer en español, haga clic aquí. Every 9 minutes, government authorities respond to another report of child sexual abuse. 1 Child sexual abuse can include sexual contact with a child, but it may also include other actions, like exposing oneself, sharing obscene images, or taking inappropriate photos or videos of a child. These crimes can have a serious impact on the life and development of a child, and often continue to impact them later in life. Learning the warning signs of child sexual abuse is often the first step to protecting a child who is in danger. Signs that a child may have been sexually abused
It’s not always easy to spot sexual abuse because perpetrators often take steps to hide their actions. Some signs are easier to spot than others. For instance, some warning signs might be noticed by a caretaker or parent, and are often red flags that the child needs medical attention. Listen to your instincts. If you notice something that isn’t right or someone in a child’s life is making you uncomfortable—even if you can’t put your finger on why—it’s important to trust your gut, continue to watch for signs of abuse, and talk to the child who may be experiencing abuse in age-appropriate ways. | https://www.rainn.org/articles/warning-signs-young-children |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2475029317#0_3324751386 | Title: Types of Sexual Violence | RAINN
Headings: Types of Sexual Violence
Types of Sexual Violence
Sexual Assault
Child Sexual Abuse
Sexual Assault of Men and Boys
Intimate Partner Sexual Violence
Incest
Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault
Free. Confidential. 24/7.
95¢ of every $1 goes to helping survivors and preventing sexual violence.
Content: Types of Sexual Violence | RAINN
Sexual Violence
About Sexual Violence After Sexual Assault
Safety & Prevention
Get Involved
Public Policy
Media & Resources
News Press Materials
Consulting & Training
About RAINN
Call 800.656.HOPE
Live Chat
En Español
Types of Sexual Violence
The term "sexual violence" is an all-encompassing, non-legal term that refers to crimes like sexual assault, rape, and sexual abuse. Many of these crimes are described below. Please note that the legal definition of crimes vary from state to state. There are often other crimes and forms of violence that arise jointly with crimes like sexual assault, and these are described as well. Sexual Assault
Sexual assault can take many different forms and be defined in different ways, but one thing remains the same: it’s never the victim’s fault. Read More
Child Sexual Abuse
When a perpetrator intentionally harms a minor physically, psychologically, sexually, or by acts of neglect, the crime is known as child abuse. Read More
Sexual Assault of Men and Boys
Men and boys who have been sexually assaulted or abused may also face some additional challenges because of social attitudes and stereotypes about men and masculinity. Read More
Intimate Partner Sexual Violence
A perpetrator can have any relationship to a victim, and that includes the role of an intimate partner. Read More
Incest
Regardless of how the law defines incest, unwanted sexual contact from a family member can have a lasting effect on the survivor. | https://www.rainn.org/types-sexual-violence |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2477027313#0_3327833402 | Title: Why Castrate a Rooster: There Is A Reason, Find Out Here
Headings: Why Castrate a Rooster
Why Castrate a Rooster
You ask why you would castrate a rooster?
Content: Why Castrate a Rooster: There Is A Reason, Find Out Here
Why Castrate a Rooster
You ask why you would castrate a rooster? Castrating a rooster sounds like an unusual practice if you're not used to keeping chickens, but it used to be extremely common. Once it has been castrated, the rooster is referred to as a capon, and becomes more docile and much fatter, making it a better bird for eating. Capons are still available in poultry markets, but they're fairly hard to find. The flesh tastes much better, and is preferred by people who really love chickens. Caponization is done when the rooster is quite young. It causes the capon not to develop the traits we commonly associate with roosters. The comb and wattles stay small, leaving the capon with a smaller head than most roosters. The back and tail feathers are also somewhat shorter. | https://www.raising-chickens.org/castrate-a-rooster.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2482360296#10_3339390697 | Title: Glossary of Criminal Law Terms
Headings: Criminal Law Dictionary
Criminal Law Dictionary
CRIMINAL LAW GLOSSARY
Abuse:
Appeal:
Arson:
Assault:
Battery:
Bribery:
Crimes Against Children:
Counterfeiting:
Cybercrime:
Domestic Violence:
Drug Crimes:
Embezzlement:
Expungement:
Extortion:
Failure To Register:
Forgery:
Fraud:
Hate Crimes:
Homicide:
Identity Theft:
Indecent Exposure:
Lewdness:
Mayhem:
Manslaughter:
Molestation:
Money Laundering:
Murder:
Obscenity:
Pandering:
Perjury:
Pornography:
Prostitution:
Pyramid Schemes:
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO):
Rape:
Self-Defense:
Sexual Harassment:
Sexual Offense:
Sodomy:
Stalking:
Tax Evasion:
Tax Fraud:
Terrorism:
Theft:
Writs:
San Diego Defense Lawyer
Content: Cyberstalking: The act of threatening, harassing, or annoying someone through multiple email messages, as through the Internet, especially with the intent of placing the recipient in fear that an illegal act or an injury will be inflicted on the recipient or a member of the recipient’s family or household. Cybertheft: The act of using an online computer service, such as one on the Internet, to steal someone else’s property or to interfere with someone else’s use and enjoyment of property. Email Interception: The act of reading, storing, or intercepting email intended for another person without that person’s permission. Internet Fraud: Internet fraud generally refers to any type of fraudulent use of a computer and the Internet, including the use of chat rooms, email, message boards, discussion groups and web sites, to conduct fraudulent transactions, transmit the proceeds of fraud to financial institutions, or to steal, destroy or otherwise render unusable (the proliferation of viruses for example) computer data vital to the operation of a business. Telemarketing Fraud: Telemarketing Fraud is a term that refers generally to any scheme to deprive victims dishonestly of money or property or to misrepresent the values of goods or services. | https://www.ramoscriminallawyer.com/criminal-law-dictionary.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2489823209#10_3346436506 | Title: Effects of Stand-Your-Ground Laws on Violent Crime | RAND
Headings: Effects of Stand-Your-Ground Laws on Violent Crime
Effects of Stand-Your-Ground Laws on Violent Crime
Key Findings
The Experts Weigh In
Incidence Rate Ratios Associated with the Effect of Stand-Your-Ground Laws on Violent Crime
Conclusions
Notes
References
Senior Behavioral Scientist, Director of the National Collaborative on Gun Violence Research
Content: They controlled for secular trends, random effects for counties, time-varying county-level socioeconomic and demographic factors, and state-level incarceration rates and law enforcement expenditures. Using county-level data from 1984 to 2015, the authors found that stand-your-ground laws were associated with significantly higher rates of firearm homicide (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.07; 95-percent CI = 1.05, 1.10), whereas the laws had an uncertain relationship with nonfirearm homicide rates. These estimates support that stand-your-ground laws increase firearm homicide rates, although the failure to adjust standard errors to account for serial correlation may have resulted in artificially inflated significance. Finally, Guettabi and Munasib (2018) used a synthetic control method approach to estimate how stand-your-ground laws affect firearm-related homicides and unintentional deaths combined. [ 3] For each of the 14 states that passed a stand-your-ground law between 2005 and 2007, the authors used the synthetic control method approach to generate a weighted combination of control states (i.e., a "synthetic control") that approximated the pre-law firearm homicid | https://www.rand.org/research/gun-policy/analysis/stand-your-ground/violent-crime.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2517317982#0_3412148017 | Title: Ranking The Most Popular '90s TV Shows From Best To Worst
Headings: The Greatest Shows of the 1990s, Ranked
Entertainment
The Greatest Shows of the 1990s, Ranked
The Simpsons
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Friends
Home Improvement
Full House
The Golden Girls
Saved by the Bell
The Wonder Years
Cheers
Boy Meets World
The X-Files
Seinfeld
That '70s Show
Sabrina the Teenage Witch
Animaniacs
Star Trek: The Next Generation
Unsolved Mysteries
Roseanne
Everybody Loves Raymond
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Tiny Toon Adventures
Married... with Children
The King of Queens
The Nanny
Frasier
Content: Ranking The Most Popular '90s TV Shows From Best To Worst
Entertainment
14.8k voters
The Greatest Shows of the 1990s, Ranked
Originally by Ranker TV
Updated January 12, 2021 265.3k votes 14.8k voters 445.1k views 191 items
List Rules Vote up the best TV series based on the episodes that aired between 1990 and 1999. In the 1990s, television was one of the fastest growing mediums. More TV shows were popping up than ever before, and ratings were at all-time highs. Viewers tended to be interested in laugh-out-loud moments, which is why sitcoms like Friends, Roseanne, and Seinfeld were the biggest hit TV shows of the decade. While comedies were extremely popular in the '90s, procedural dramas also reigned, with shows like The Practice, JAG, and NYPD Blue becoming popular with large audiences. The decade also spawned quite a few ambitious shows that were too ahead of their time to catch on with mainstream audiences, but have since gained major cult followings. Other shows tried hard but never gained the audience they were hoping for. Many of the most popular shows of the '90s were long-running shows. ER, for instance, ran 15 seasons, starting in 1994, while shows like Will & Grace, which began in 1998, lasted 8 years. The reality show genre was just popping up in the '90s, especially after the massive ratings and critical success of MTV's The Real World. | https://www.ranker.com/list/best-90s-tv-shows/ranker-tv |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2517317982#1_3412150190 | Title: Ranking The Most Popular '90s TV Shows From Best To Worst
Headings: The Greatest Shows of the 1990s, Ranked
Entertainment
The Greatest Shows of the 1990s, Ranked
The Simpsons
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Friends
Home Improvement
Full House
The Golden Girls
Saved by the Bell
The Wonder Years
Cheers
Boy Meets World
The X-Files
Seinfeld
That '70s Show
Sabrina the Teenage Witch
Animaniacs
Star Trek: The Next Generation
Unsolved Mysteries
Roseanne
Everybody Loves Raymond
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Tiny Toon Adventures
Married... with Children
The King of Queens
The Nanny
Frasier
Content: The decade also spawned quite a few ambitious shows that were too ahead of their time to catch on with mainstream audiences, but have since gained major cult followings. Other shows tried hard but never gained the audience they were hoping for. Many of the most popular shows of the '90s were long-running shows. ER, for instance, ran 15 seasons, starting in 1994, while shows like Will & Grace, which began in 1998, lasted 8 years. The reality show genre was just popping up in the '90s, especially after the massive ratings and critical success of MTV's The Real World. Children’s programming was also popular, with hit shows like Boy Meets World and Dinosaurs. What are your favorite programs from the 1990s? Which '90s shows do you have the fondest memories of? This list includes many of the biggest shows from that magical decade. Photo: | https://www.ranker.com/list/best-90s-tv-shows/ranker-tv |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2520640479#0_3419696400 | Title: List of the Best Banks for Seniors | Senior Banking
Headings: The Best Bank for Seniors
Companies
The Best Bank for Seniors
TD Banknorth
BB&T
U.S. Bancorp
PNC Bank
Ally Bank
Capital One Bank (USA) National Association
Valley National Bank
Synovus Bank
JPMorgan Chase
Bank of America Corporation
First National Bank of Pennsylvania
Huntington Bancshares
FIRST CITIZENS BANK & TRUST CO
Alliance Bank & Trust Co
Sandy Spring Bank
Cascade Bank
Amegy Corp
MUFG Union Bank
Barclays Investment Bank
First Chicago Bank
M&T Bank
Bank of the West
Zions Bancorporation
First National Bank Kansas
Gate City Bank
Content: List of the Best Banks for Seniors | Senior Banking
Photo: flickr / CC0
Companies
483 voters
The Best Bank for Seniors
Business and Company Info
Updated February 1, 2019 856 votes 483 voters 12.1k views
Whether you’re looking for a new checking account for yourself or for a senior loved one, checking accounts for seniors can be different than other accounts. However, just because it’s labeled as a “senior” account doesn’t mean it’s better. Sometimes a bank’s regular offering is a better deal, and it really depends on the bank. The best banks for seniors will help them manage their retirement funds and much more. Banks and credit unions have different criteria for setting up a senior account. In some banks, age 50+ qualifies for a senior account; at other banks, 65 is the minimum age. The top banks for senior citizens offer lots of benefits, in addition to free or low-cost checking. Many offer high-interest senior accounts, low deposit requirements for free checking, free money orders, cashier’s checks, and wire transfers, free notary services, discount brokerage accounts for seniors, free deposit boxes, and free foreign transactions for seniors. | https://www.ranker.com/list/best-bank-for-seniors/business-and-company-info |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2520640479#2_3419700421 | Title: List of the Best Banks for Seniors | Senior Banking
Headings: The Best Bank for Seniors
Companies
The Best Bank for Seniors
TD Banknorth
BB&T
U.S. Bancorp
PNC Bank
Ally Bank
Capital One Bank (USA) National Association
Valley National Bank
Synovus Bank
JPMorgan Chase
Bank of America Corporation
First National Bank of Pennsylvania
Huntington Bancshares
FIRST CITIZENS BANK & TRUST CO
Alliance Bank & Trust Co
Sandy Spring Bank
Cascade Bank
Amegy Corp
MUFG Union Bank
Barclays Investment Bank
First Chicago Bank
M&T Bank
Bank of the West
Zions Bancorporation
First National Bank Kansas
Gate City Bank
Content: Since many seniors spend their retirement years traveling, the best banks for senior checking often offer online banking services, for easy access anywhere in the world. Other benefits for the include: discounted travel planning and travel insurance, free or discounted traveler’s checks, and emergency funds in case of a lost or stolen wallet. Free senior checking is common at most banks, but you can really do yourself a favor by shopping additional benefits and looking for a senior account with no hidden fees. Best choices in senior bank accounts vary by user preference. If you’re comfortable using online banking services, you’ll find lots of convenient and time-saving features like photo deposit, online bill pay, automatic bill pay, and online transfers. Many credit unions also offer online gift card shopping, so you can send gifts from your computer or smartphone, without ever going near the mall! If you’re less comfortable with online banking, be sure to look for a bank with plenty of branches and ATM locations near you. Make sure to vote for your favorite bank that caters to seniors below, and add any we might have missed to this list. ...more
1
80
18
TD Banknorth
2
107
74
BB&T
Finance, Insurance Carriers
3
43
13
U.S. Bancorp
Financial Services, National Commercial Banks
4
61
42
PNC Bank
5
23
12
Ally Bank
Bank
6
26
15
Capital One Bank (USA) National Association
7
15
6
Valley National Bank
Finance, Insurance Carriers
8
19
12
Synovus Bank
9
10
4
JPMorgan Chase
Investment banking, Financial Services
10
19
16
Bank of America Corporation
Bank, Financial Services
11
6
2
First National Bank of Pennsylvania
12
8
6
Huntington Bancshares
Financial Services, National Commercial Banks
13
6
4
FIRST CITIZENS BANK & TRUST CO
14
8
7
Alliance Bank & Trust Co
15
6
4
Sandy Spring Bank
16
9
0
Cascade Bank
17
6
7
Amegy Corp
18
4
0
MUFG Union Bank
19
6
2
Barclays Investment Bank
Finance, Investment banking
20
4
0
First Chicago Bank
21
14
20
M&T Bank
State Commercial Banks, Financial Services
22
12
18
Bank of the West
23
4
2
Zions Bancorporation
Financial Services, National Commercial Banks
24
2
2
First National Bank Kansas
25
0
0
Gate City Bank
Financial Services
LOAD MORE | https://www.ranker.com/list/best-bank-for-seniors/business-and-company-info |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2545422548#0_3477273223 | Title: The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Headings: The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Culture
The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Cosmopolitan
Redbook
Women's Health
VOGUE
Elle
First for Women
Prevention
Harper's Bazaar
InStyle
Vanity Fair
Real Simple
Allure
O, The Oprah Magazine
Shape
Seventeen
People
Woman's Day
Health
Woman's World
Lucky
Us Weekly
Nylon
Lilith
FamilyFun
Brides
Content: The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Culture
1.1k voters
The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Ranker Books
Updated May 4, 2020 5.8k votes 1.1k voters 88.0k views 54 items
List Rules Magazines directed at women only! Political or other special interest mags belong on a different list. A list of the top US Women's Interest Magazines, as voted on by readers of the publication. Quality of writing, strength of voice, variety of topics covered and usefulness of articles were all taken into consideration when making this list. Women's interest magazines have always been the bread-and-butter of publishing companies because they offer so many opportunities for advertisers. In the past century, women have benefited this as the number and variety of magazines targeting towards them continues to grow. Cosmopolitan 's Helen Gurley Brown was arguably the most influential women's magazine editor. Her days revamping Cosmopolitan in the 1960s paved the way for many more magazines to develop a voice that is more consistent with what women actually care about. ( Thus the move away from predominately housekeeping related magazines to magazines about sex, friendships and work drama.) Featuring the most popular magazines centering on female related issues, this list includes famous women's mags like Vogue, Elle, Vanity Fair, and more. | https://www.ranker.com/list/best-women-and-_39_s-magazines-_u-s-_/ranker-books |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2545422548#1_3477275162 | Title: The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Headings: The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Culture
The Best Women's Magazines (US)
Cosmopolitan
Redbook
Women's Health
VOGUE
Elle
First for Women
Prevention
Harper's Bazaar
InStyle
Vanity Fair
Real Simple
Allure
O, The Oprah Magazine
Shape
Seventeen
People
Woman's Day
Health
Woman's World
Lucky
Us Weekly
Nylon
Lilith
FamilyFun
Brides
Content: In the past century, women have benefited this as the number and variety of magazines targeting towards them continues to grow. Cosmopolitan 's Helen Gurley Brown was arguably the most influential women's magazine editor. Her days revamping Cosmopolitan in the 1960s paved the way for many more magazines to develop a voice that is more consistent with what women actually care about. ( Thus the move away from predominately housekeeping related magazines to magazines about sex, friendships and work drama.) Featuring the most popular magazines centering on female related issues, this list includes famous women's mags like Vogue, Elle, Vanity Fair, and more. Which US women's magazines do you devour every month? Which ones are overrated? Vote on the list below and add your favorites. ...more
1
280
145
Cosmopolitan
Women's magazine
2
119
40
Redbook
Women's magazine
3
151
69
Women's Health
4
200
112
VOGUE
Women's magazine
5
174
93
Elle
Women's magazine
6
107
42
First for Women
7
84
33
Prevention
8
116
64
Harper's Bazaar
9
98
55
InStyle
10
105
67
Vanity Fair
11
108
75
Real Simple
Women's magazine
12
67
41
Allure
13
73
63
O, The Oprah Magazine
Women's magazine
14
48
38
Shape
Women's magazine
15
42
31
misslexi added
Seventeen
16
61
55
People
News
17
63
58
Woman's Day
18
42
39
Health
Women's magazine
19
98
112
Woman's World
20
36
38
Lucky
Women's magazine
21
58
70
Us Weekly
22
23
24
Nylon
Women's magazine
23
20
20
Lilith
Women's magazine
24
55
75
FamilyFun
Women's magazine
25
16
21
AndreaPoole-Presslor added
Brides
Women's magazine
LOAD MORE | https://www.ranker.com/list/best-women-and-_39_s-magazines-_u-s-_/ranker-books |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2575823458#11_3536885490 | Title: The 14 Bloodiest, Most Horrific Moments of the French Revolution
Headings: The 14 Darkest Moments Of The French Revolution
The 14 Darkest Moments Of The French Revolution
The Princesse de Lamballe Was Attacked In The Streets Of Paris
French Troops Slew Thousands Of Peasants In The Vendée
Robespierre Led The Reign Of Terror, Which Claimed 27,000 Lives
At Least 1,800 People Were Executed By Drowning At Nantes
Content: about 17,000 were executed and 10,000 perished in prison. Though violence in the revolution neither began nor ended with the Reign of Terror, it's clear this period was an exceptionally chilling moment in the revolution. Maximilien Robespierre was a Jacobin (a radical who believed that violence was necessary to establish order) and passionately believed in the Terror. Though the guillotine was adopted by moderate, Enlightenment-minded revolutionary reformers, who thought it would give condemned criminals a kind, swift end, Robespierre and the Jacobins used it with gusto. For its part, the public loved it, and guillotining enemies of the revolution became a public spectacle . The Reign of Terror claimed scores of victims. Among them: feminist revolutionary Olympe de Gouges; King Louis XVI; Queen Marie Antoinette, who by all accounts met her fate with dignity; | https://www.ranker.com/list/french-revolution-bloodiest-moments/setareh-janda |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2582942914#0_3555210829 | Title: Gothic Rock Bands | List of Best Gothic Rock Artists/Groups
Headings: The Best Gothic Rock Bands/Artists
Music
The Best Gothic Rock Bands/Artists
Marilia Adamaki
Bauhaus
The Cure
The Sisters of Mercy
Joy Division
Siouxsie & the Banshees
The Damned
Fields of the Nephilim
Clan of Xymox
Killing Joke
Siouxsie Sioux
Robert Smith
The Cult
Peter Murphy
The Mission
Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
Dead Can Dance
Christian Death
Skeletal Family
Xmal Deutschland
The Birthday Party
The Lords of the New Church
Alien Sex Fiend
Nine Inch Nails
Red Lorry Yellow Lorry
Gary Numan
Love and Rockets
Theatre of Hate
Specimen
Swans
Rosetta Stone
The Sisterhood
The Smiths
Southern Death Cult
Tones on Tail
Piknik
The Merry Thoughts
Faith and the Muse
Pink Turns Blue
Sex Gang Children
Kino
The Cramps
The 69 Eyes
Nosferatu
XIII. Století
Nautilus Pompilius
Lacrimosa
This Mortal Coil
Cocteau Twins
The March Violets
Agatha Christie
Black tape for a blue girl
Suspiria
London After Midnight
Rozz Williams
Play Dead
The Danse Society
Bella Morte
Gene Loves Jezebel
The Wake
Tiamat
Glenn Danzig
Ghost Dance
The Wake
The Creatures
Switchblade Symphony
And Also the Trees
Love Like Blood
Diary of Dreams
UK Decay
A Perfect Circle
Sopor Aeternus & The Ensemble of Shadows
Flesh for Lulu
Simon Gallup
The Bolshoi
Deine Lakaien
Two Witches
Virgin Prunes
The Legendary Pink Dots
All About Eve
Big Electric Cat
Kommunity FK
Adam and The Ants
Mephisto Walz
Bloody Hammers
Pig
Paradise Lost
Lacuna Coil
Carl McCoy
Abney Park
The Glove
The Crüxshadows
The Awakening
Age Of Heaven
45 Grave
Umbra et Imago
Dead or Alive
Dreadful Shadows
HIM
Neuroticfish
seraphim shock
The Frozen Autumn
Drowning Season
The Horrors
Bryn Merrick
T.S.O.L.
Beyond the Wall of Sleep
Gary Marx
Lacrimas Profundere
Godhead
The Cassandra Complex
Scream Silence
The Birthday Massacre
Elizabeth Fraser
Porl King
Zooey
Theatre of Tragedy
Felt
Kevin Haskins
Radio Werewolf
Proyecto Oniric
Moonspell
Whispers in the Shadow
Screaming Dead
Miranda Sex Garden
The Last Dance
The Invisible Girls
Merciful Nuns
Rubella Ballet
John McGeoch
Julianne Regan
Lisa Gerrard
Rasputina
The Gothic Archies
Zeraphine
Rogue
The Dreamside
Current 93
Still Life Decay
Ikon
The Breath of Life
Morticia
Shadow Project
Waiting for God
Tragic Black
Jeff Burrows
Buck-Tick
Cradle of Thorns
Strange Boutique
Saviour Machine
Content: Gothic Rock Bands | List of Best Gothic Rock Artists/Groups
Music
4.2k voters
The Best Gothic Rock Bands/Artists
Ranker Music
Updated March 15, 2020 42.8k votes 4.2k voters 133.8k views 368 items
Blending elements of post-punk and alternative rock, the best gothic rock bands are some the best known rock bands, albeit some of the darkest. Their lyrics are widely known for being brooding at best, extremely dark and gloomy at the other end. The best goth rock bands have made a huge impact on the bands that followed them, with many of the bands from the first goth rock period - bands from the UK in the late 1970s/early 1980s - remaining popular well after they first started out. So, what are the best gothic rock bands? Any list of goth rock bands has to include the likes of The Cure, Bauhaus, Siouxsie & the Banshees, Sisters of Mercy and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. These bands are closely associated with goth rock and with good reason. Their music has transcended goth rock and has landed them on the top of rock critic's best of lists. These goth band also feature a theatrical element in their live shows, which has made some of these bands as some the best bands to see live. That said, it's up to you to determine what are the best goth bands. If you notice that a goth band isn't on this list and should be, feel free to add them. | https://www.ranker.com/list/gothic-rock-bands-and-musicians/ranker-music |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#0_3558936316 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
59.5k readers
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Melissa Sartore
Updated September 10, 2020 59.5k views 13 items
Castration has been around for millennia and has meant different things to different cultures. The reasons why humans castrate one another vary from punishment to atonement to self-discipline to elimination of rivals. The history of castration might make you uncomfortable, but it wasn't always intended to be a bad thing. Sure, surgical castration before modern advances in medicine was extremely painful, but the end results could mean political advancement or religious salvation. At the same time, however, you could have been forced into a singing career to support your family or punished for a crime. These facts about castration throughout history are both disturbing and interesting. Whether it was accidental or self-inflicted, people who were castrated play fascinating roles across a number of distinct cultures and time periods. Photo: Francesco Ponte / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Starting in the 16th century, thousands of young Italian boys were deprived of their male sex organs so they would sing in high voices for their entire lives - they were dubbed "castrati." The Vatican employed castrati in the Papal choir and recruited them in droves after women were prohibited from being onstage by Pope Innocent XI in 1686. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#1_3558939134 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: These facts about castration throughout history are both disturbing and interesting. Whether it was accidental or self-inflicted, people who were castrated play fascinating roles across a number of distinct cultures and time periods. Photo: Francesco Ponte / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Starting in the 16th century, thousands of young Italian boys were deprived of their male sex organs so they would sing in high voices for their entire lives - they were dubbed "castrati." The Vatican employed castrati in the Papal choir and recruited them in droves after women were prohibited from being onstage by Pope Innocent XI in 1686. The castrati were not unique to Rome or Italy, but the use of castration to create choir boys certainly was. Castrati existed in Eastern Europe as early as the fifth century, but many later became celebrities of sorts when they performed in opera houses and the like. By the 18th and 19th centuries, castrati were created by their parents or other family members to transform children who showed early singing skills into lifelong talents. Castrati supposedly happened through accidents, such as having been "kicked, bitten, born deformed [or]... gored by wild boars," although really parents purposefully had their children's genitals removed to preserve their voices. Photo: | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#2_3558941797 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: The castrati were not unique to Rome or Italy, but the use of castration to create choir boys certainly was. Castrati existed in Eastern Europe as early as the fifth century, but many later became celebrities of sorts when they performed in opera houses and the like. By the 18th and 19th centuries, castrati were created by their parents or other family members to transform children who showed early singing skills into lifelong talents. Castrati supposedly happened through accidents, such as having been "kicked, bitten, born deformed [or]... gored by wild boars," although really parents purposefully had their children's genitals removed to preserve their voices. Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
Castration for sexual offenses in Western cultures has involved both surgical and chemical routes. In the US, surgical or chemical castration is a legal punishment for sex crimes in nine states , but voluntary castration is also an option for offenders. To avoid long prison sentences, sex offenders in states like California and Texas have asked for castration as an alternative. The debate over whether the decision can be considered truly voluntary is ongoing. Chemical castration involves using hormones to reduce or eliminate a sex offender's sex drive. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#3_3558944406 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
Castration for sexual offenses in Western cultures has involved both surgical and chemical routes. In the US, surgical or chemical castration is a legal punishment for sex crimes in nine states , but voluntary castration is also an option for offenders. To avoid long prison sentences, sex offenders in states like California and Texas have asked for castration as an alternative. The debate over whether the decision can be considered truly voluntary is ongoing. Chemical castration involves using hormones to reduce or eliminate a sex offender's sex drive. Chemical castration has been a voluntary option in Britain since the mid-20th century. Famously, mathematician Alan Turing voluntarily underwent chemical castration for homosexuality during World War II. Chemical castration is used in the United States, Portugal, Poland, Maldova, Macedonia, Estonia, Israel, Australia, India, Russia, and many other countries in various forms. Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
The Russian Skoptsy were a sect of Russian Orthodox Christians that began during the 18th century. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#4_3558946926 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: Chemical castration has been a voluntary option in Britain since the mid-20th century. Famously, mathematician Alan Turing voluntarily underwent chemical castration for homosexuality during World War II. Chemical castration is used in the United States, Portugal, Poland, Maldova, Macedonia, Estonia, Israel, Australia, India, Russia, and many other countries in various forms. Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
The Russian Skoptsy were a sect of Russian Orthodox Christians that began during the 18th century. The group's founder, Andre Ivanov, was previously a flagellant but castrated himself and 13 disciples in 1757. Ivanov was arrested and sent to Siberia where he died, but his followers kept the castration cult alive. Ivanov's assistant, Kondratii Selivanov, was also sent to Siberia, but he escaped and returned to St. Petersburg. He declared himself to be the "Son of God" and was arrested several times before his death in 1832. The group's popularity and devotion to God through self-castration appealed to peasants and middling ranks of society alike. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#8_3558956548 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: It's unclear how Narses became a eunuch, but he went from imperial guard to grand chamberlain under Justinian, ultimately becoming one of his most loyal and trusted men. Narses was sent to Italy to fight against the Ostrogoth kingdom during the 550s and became the prefect at Ravenna. Having a governing eunuch of Ravenna became a common aspect of Byzantine rule in the western half of the Mediterranean. From the late sixth century until the end of the exarchate in 751, several of the exarchs were eunuchs. Photo: mandalariangirl / flickr / CC-BY 2.0
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
In 1778, Thomas Jefferson wrote a revised law for the commonwealth of Virginia, hoping to remove the death penalty from capital offenses. As the head of a committee tasked with revising all of Virginia's laws, the group proposed that "whosoever shall be guilty of Rape, Polygamy, or Sodomy with man or woman shall be punished, if a man, by castration, if a woman, by cutting thro' the cartilage of her nose a hole of one half inch diameter at the least." Historians debate whether Jefferson meant this law to be lex talionis, where the perpetrator of a crime is punished by injury to the part of his anatomy most comparable to where the victim of the crime was harmed. Photo: Unknown / WikiMedia Commons / Public Domain
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
When the Normans arrived in southern Italy and Sicily during the 11th and 12th centuries, they used castration as discipline for the most heinous crimes. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#9_3558959337 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: mandalariangirl / flickr / CC-BY 2.0
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
In 1778, Thomas Jefferson wrote a revised law for the commonwealth of Virginia, hoping to remove the death penalty from capital offenses. As the head of a committee tasked with revising all of Virginia's laws, the group proposed that "whosoever shall be guilty of Rape, Polygamy, or Sodomy with man or woman shall be punished, if a man, by castration, if a woman, by cutting thro' the cartilage of her nose a hole of one half inch diameter at the least." Historians debate whether Jefferson meant this law to be lex talionis, where the perpetrator of a crime is punished by injury to the part of his anatomy most comparable to where the victim of the crime was harmed. Photo: Unknown / WikiMedia Commons / Public Domain
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
When the Normans arrived in southern Italy and Sicily during the 11th and 12th centuries, they used castration as discipline for the most heinous crimes. Castration and blinding were set as punishments for treason by William the Conqueror when he invaded England in 1066, a tradition continued by Anglo-Norman and Southern Norman leaders alike. Castration was practiced elsewhere in medieval Europe, usually for sexual offenses. The Normans, however, used it as a way to deprive men of their masculinity, social identity, and power. Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
During the first three centuries of Christian expansion, devotees castrated themselves to prove their dedication to the faith, mostly due to one mention of the practice in the New Testament. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#10_3558962295 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: Castration and blinding were set as punishments for treason by William the Conqueror when he invaded England in 1066, a tradition continued by Anglo-Norman and Southern Norman leaders alike. Castration was practiced elsewhere in medieval Europe, usually for sexual offenses. The Normans, however, used it as a way to deprive men of their masculinity, social identity, and power. Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
During the first three centuries of Christian expansion, devotees castrated themselves to prove their dedication to the faith, mostly due to one mention of the practice in the New Testament. Matthew 19:12 reads: For there are eunuchs who were born that way, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by others - and there are those who choose to live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it. Many Christians took it literally. Early church writer Origen (185-251 CE) castrated himself , and other Christians followed suit. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#11_3558964623 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: Matthew 19:12 reads: For there are eunuchs who were born that way, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by others - and there are those who choose to live like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can accept this should accept it. Many Christians took it literally. Early church writer Origen (185-251 CE) castrated himself , and other Christians followed suit. The problem became so widespread that the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE addressed the issue: If any one in sickness has been subjected by physicians to a surgical operation, or if he has been castrated by barbarians, let him remain among the clergy; but, if any one in sound health has castrated himself, it behooves that such an one, if [already] enrolled among the clergy, should cease [from his ministry], and that from henceforth no such person should be promoted. But, as it is evident that this is said of those who willfully do the thing and presume to castrate themselves, so if any have been made eunuchs by barbarians, or by their masters, and should otherwise be found worthy, such men the Canon admits to the clergy. Photo: | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#12_3558967000 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: The problem became so widespread that the Council of Nicaea in 325 CE addressed the issue: If any one in sickness has been subjected by physicians to a surgical operation, or if he has been castrated by barbarians, let him remain among the clergy; but, if any one in sound health has castrated himself, it behooves that such an one, if [already] enrolled among the clergy, should cease [from his ministry], and that from henceforth no such person should be promoted. But, as it is evident that this is said of those who willfully do the thing and presume to castrate themselves, so if any have been made eunuchs by barbarians, or by their masters, and should otherwise be found worthy, such men the Canon admits to the clergy. Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
According to legend, castration was a legal punishment in China from 2281 BCE until around 600 CE, although even then its practice still didn't end entirely. Not all Chinese leaders endorsed the use of castration, however, and many outlawed it during their reigns. As a punishment, castration was deemed appropriate in the event of a revolt, for adultery, as an alternative to the death penalty, and for political dissent . Castration in China included the removal of both the penis and testicles. Both organs were cut off with a knife. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584807831#13_3558969615 | Title: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Headings: 13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
Weird History
13 Reasons Cultures Throughout History Brutally Castrated People
During The Renaissance, Italians Castrated Young Boys To Turn Them Into Sexually Appealing Singers
Sex Offenders Are Still Surgically Or Chemically Castrated In Western Cultures
18th-Century Russian Christian Mystics Castrated Themselves
In The Byzantine Empire, Eunuchs Were Some Of The Best Military Generals
Rapists Were Castrated In Post-Revolutionary Virginia
The Normans Castrated Enemies To Assert Their Dominance
Early Christians Castrated Themselves To Prove Their Devotion
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
The Ottoman Empire Used Eunuchs To Manage Harems
Ethiopians May Have Castrated Italian Soldiers In The Late 19th Century
Southeastern Tributary States Sent Eunuchs To China
Medieval Law Castrated Pederasts And Rapists
Content: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Castration Was A Long-Standing Punishment In China
According to legend, castration was a legal punishment in China from 2281 BCE until around 600 CE, although even then its practice still didn't end entirely. Not all Chinese leaders endorsed the use of castration, however, and many outlawed it during their reigns. As a punishment, castration was deemed appropriate in the event of a revolt, for adultery, as an alternative to the death penalty, and for political dissent . Castration in China included the removal of both the penis and testicles. Both organs were cut off with a knife. Photo: G41rn8 / WikiMedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0
Chinese Eunuchs Were Key Imperial Officials
Eunuchs, or huanguan, in China were first mentioned during the Shang dynasty (1765-1222 BCE) and were used by Imperial Courts until the 20th century. Castrated men were considered innocuous and useful in royal courts in Egypt, Persia, Greece, and Rome, but their use in China far outlasted their use in other cultures'. Eunuchs didn't start off as officials and men of influence, however. During the reign of Qin Shihuangdi in the third century BCE, men were castrated and enslaved for the purpose of building the emperor's elaborate tomb. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-for-castration/melissa-sartore |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2584822866#0_3558974128 | Title: 11 Unbelievable Justifications Men Used To Keep Women From Voting
Headings: Unbelievable Yet True Justifications Men Used To Keep Women From Voting
Weird History
Unbelievable Yet True Justifications Men Used To Keep Women From Voting
If Women Vote, The Human Race Will End
Women Are Too Emotional To Be Responsible Voters
Women Shouldn’t Get The Vote Because Men Would Have To Hear Them Talk More
Women’s Sole Patriotic Contribution Should Be To Raise Sons
Content: 11 Unbelievable Justifications Men Used To Keep Women From Voting
Weird History
32.8k readers
Unbelievable Yet True Justifications Men Used To Keep Women From Voting
Tamar Altebarmakian
Updated September 19, 2019 32.8k views 11 items
What were some of the justifications for denying women the right to vote? Among some of the ridiculous reasons why women weren't allowed to vote was the belief that women just weren’t smart enough to understand politics – a falsehood that sadly, though not surprisingly, still exists in modern society. Some of the historical justifications for not letting women vote stemmed from a fear of different feminism movements and the growing demand for equal rights. What might surprise you is that some of the arguments against women's suffrage came from females themselves. Large groups of women organized and protested against the suffrage movement, believing that if women became involved in politics, they would ignore their domestic duties. The right to vote was so hotly debated that even postcards about suffrage were printed! Compiled here for your perusal are some of the most ridiculous historical reasons for not letting women vote. Photo: LSE Library / Wikimedia Commons
If Women Vote, The Human Race Will End
Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons
That’s right. | https://www.ranker.com/list/historical-reasons-women-were-not-allowed-to-vote/tamar-altebarmakian |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2585274255#2_3560187827 | Title: 13 Heartbreaking Stories from Survivors of Human Trafficking
Headings: 13 Human Trafficking Survivors Tell Their Heartbreaking Stories
Unspeakable Times
13 Human Trafficking Survivors Tell Their Heartbreaking Stories
Kendall Claims Her 'Owner' Told Her She Was ‘Made’ For Bondage
Mari Had 4 Children Over Her 16 Years Of Forced Prostitution
Phalla’s Grandmother Sold Her Into Prostitution
Sabine Went From Genocide Survivor To Human Trafficking Victim
Loreta Was Forced Into Sex Work As A Teenager
Cristopher Paid $5,000 Only To Be Sold Into Indentured Servitude
After Being Arrested For Teenage Prostitution, Erica Was Never Once Asked If She Was In Trouble
Natalia Wanted An American Education But Ended Up A Slave
Kevin Took A Job That Turned Him Into A Literal Slave
Alma’s Brother Set Her Down The Path To Sex Trafficking Work
Natalie Found No Solace In A Legal Brothel
Life With a Foster Family Led Keisha To Years As A Prostitute, Twice
Lynette’s Impoverished Upbringing Was Used To Enslave Her
Content: YouTube
One alleged survivor of the illegal sex trade, who calls herself “Kendall,” publicly announced that her parents only had her in order to sell her to an international trafficker. In March 2017, Kendall went on the Dr. Phil Show and shared her story. She maintains her life began with sexual abuse and that she was molested as a toddler, prior to developing verbal skills. Kendall explained that the man, whom she refers to only as “the man who owned me,” said that she wasn’t allowed to use the word “ trafficking .” Kendall, reportedly unsure of her own age, reiterated how the man told her she “was made for [sexual slavery], and trafficking is when girls who aren’t made for that get kidnapped or sold into it.” On the show, Kendall described her “ clients ” as powerful, rich men and women - from politicians, doctors, celebrities, and even law enforcement officials. Mari Had 4 Children Over Her 16 Years Of Forced Prostitution
Over the course of 16 years, “Mari” was in a relationship with “Darrell,” who fathered her four children. According to the Polaris Project, a non-profit organization that combats trafficking and operates a national hotline, Darrell was abusive in every way: verbally, physically, and sexually. The survivor’s account maintains that Darrell forced Mari to have sex with other men for money. | https://www.ranker.com/list/human-traffic-survivor-stories/justin-andress |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2585411180#14_3560493690 | Title: Irish Gangsters | List of the Most Infamous Irish Mobsters
Headings: The Most Infamous Irish Mobsters of All Time
Weird History
The Most Infamous Irish Mobsters of All Time
James 'Big Jim' O'Leary
John Patrick Looney
Dean O'Banion
George 'Bugs' Moran
Owney 'The Killer' Madden
Edward J. 'Eddie' McGrath
James 'Buddy' McLean
Mickey Spillane
Edward 'Eddie the Butcher' Cummiskey
Howie Winter
James 'Whitey' Bulger
James 'Jimmy' Coonan
James 'Jimmy the Gent' Burke
Kevin Kelly
Content: He battled to keep his position as boss, with challenges coming from violent Irish mobsters who wanted nothing more than to take over. Among them was James "Jimmy" Coonan, who wanted revenge on Spillane for kidnapping his accountant father. Spillane was said to be involved in the so-called "snatch" racket - kidnapping big businessmen in the area and then demanding ransom from other mob groups. Mickey Spillane was ended in May 1977, clearing the way for a whole new kind of gangster to emerge. 9
Edward 'Eddie the Butcher' Cummiskey
Photo: NYPD / Fair Use
A fixture in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood in the 1960s, Eddie Cummiskey gained attention first as an associate of Mickey Spillane. A brutal man who had gained knowledge of butchery while behind bars in Upstate New York, Cummiskey became an integral part of Spillane's operation. ( He's credited with developing the practice of butchering victims and disposing of their remains in the Hudson River, an iconic trait of New York gangster-dom.) Cummiskey and Spillane split in the 1970s after Cummiskey took a young James Coonan under his wing. Nonetheless, Cummiskey was slain in 1976 by Joseph "Mad Dog" Sullivan during a purge of Spillane's close associates ordered by Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno. | https://www.ranker.com/list/infamous-irish-mobsters/public-enemy |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2600207173#0_3597460352 | Title: 15 Women Who Castrated Husbands, Boyfriends, And Random Strangers
Headings: 15 Women Who Castrated Husbands, Boyfriends, And Other Men
Unspeakable Times
15 Women Who Castrated Husbands, Boyfriends, And Other Men
Catherine Kieu Becker Drugged Her Husband's Dinner Before Chopping Off His Penis
Cristal Richardson Said She Castrated A Man Who Raped Her
Han Zhang Castrated Her Husband Twice
Tammy Felbaum Accidentally Killed Her Husband After Surgically Castrating Him
Lorena Bobbitt Castrated Her Husband After Years Of Abuse
Brigitte Harris Severed Her Dad's Penis And Murdered Him For Revenge
Unidentified Ohio Woman Slashes A Man's Penis After He Offers Her $13 For Sex
Mitzi Hudson Used Her Bare Hands To Try And Castrate Her Husband
Erik Williams Had His Testicles Bit Off After He Sexually Assaulted A Woman
Joyce Maxine Gregory Bit Down So Hard On A Scrotum, A Testicle Popped Out
Pratima Devi Slashed A Man's Penis Over A Late Payment
Rebecca Arnold Dawson Injured A Man's Scrotum With Her Acrylic Nails
Radina Del Rosario Castrated Her Husband While He Was Drunk
A Mystery Blonde Russian Castrates A Famous TV Presenter
Martinne Delavega Bit Her Boyfriend's Balls
Content: 15 Women Who Castrated Husbands, Boyfriends, And Random Strangers
Unspeakable Times
204.9k readers
15 Women Who Castrated Husbands, Boyfriends, And Other Men
Amber Fua
Updated April 20, 2020 204.9k views 15 items
Castration - the word alone sounds painful. Physically, castration is any type of surgical, chemical, or lacerating action that renders individuals unable to use their testicles. Metaphorically, though, castration takes away something deeper. And for some women - like the infamous Lorena Bobbitt - the act of castration is way to take revenge out on the men in their lives. Sometimes, it is solely the testicles that get the axe. Other times, the entirety of the genitals are targeted for revenge. Sometimes, there is a good reason. Other times, the lines are blurred. Read on and judge for yourself whether or not these cases of castration were warranted. Photo: | https://www.ranker.com/list/real-castration-stories/amber-fua |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2601214491#0_3599892537 | Title: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Headings: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Unspeakable Times
16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
St. Mary's Parochial School
South Pasadena Junior High School
Swarthmore College
Cleveland Elementary School (San Diego)
Frontier Middle School
The University Of Texas
Rose-Mar College
Olean High School
California State University, Fullerton
University Of Michigan
Cleveland Elementary School (Stockton)
University Of Iowa
Oakland Elementary
Thurston High School
Westside Middle School
Content: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Unspeakable Times
233.7k readers
16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Natalie Hazen
Updated April 20, 2020 233.7k views 16 items
On April 20, 1999, teenagers Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold gunned down their classmates and teachers at Columbine High School in Littleton, CO, killing 15 people and wounding 24. This tragedy sent shock waves through the nation as communities struggled to understand what could cause students to carry out such violence at school. While we often consider Columbine to be the first school shooting of the modern era, there were a shockingly large number of school shootings before that tragic event. From the very first school shooting in the 18th century, to sniper Charles Whitman, who enacted the actual first school mass shooting in modern US history, to Brenda Spencer, a female shooter who not only defied the "loner white male" stereotype but also inspired a pop song by the Boomtown Rats. Here's a look at some terrifying school shootings that happened before Columbine. Photo: YouTube
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
Photo: Smallbones / Wikipedia Commons / CC0 1.0
The Enoch Brown Massacre is thought to be the earliest known shooting to occur on school property in what would one day become the United States. On July 26, 1764, a group of Lenape American Indians entered a schoolhouse near Greencastle, PA, and shot and scalped schoolmaster Enoch Brown and killed 9 or 10 of his children (precise numbers vary). Only two children survived. | https://www.ranker.com/list/scary-school-shootings/natalie-hazen |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2601214491#1_3599894918 | Title: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Headings: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Unspeakable Times
16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
St. Mary's Parochial School
South Pasadena Junior High School
Swarthmore College
Cleveland Elementary School (San Diego)
Frontier Middle School
The University Of Texas
Rose-Mar College
Olean High School
California State University, Fullerton
University Of Michigan
Cleveland Elementary School (Stockton)
University Of Iowa
Oakland Elementary
Thurston High School
Westside Middle School
Content: Photo: YouTube
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
Photo: Smallbones / Wikipedia Commons / CC0 1.0
The Enoch Brown Massacre is thought to be the earliest known shooting to occur on school property in what would one day become the United States. On July 26, 1764, a group of Lenape American Indians entered a schoolhouse near Greencastle, PA, and shot and scalped schoolmaster Enoch Brown and killed 9 or 10 of his children (precise numbers vary). Only two children survived. St. Mary's Parochial School
Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
On April 9, 1891, elderly James Foster fired his shotgun at a group of children playing in front of St. Mary's Parochial School in Newburgh, NY. None of the children were killed, but many were injured. Foster's motivations were unclear . South Pasadena Junior High School
Photo: | https://www.ranker.com/list/scary-school-shootings/natalie-hazen |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2601214491#2_3599896579 | Title: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Headings: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Unspeakable Times
16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
St. Mary's Parochial School
South Pasadena Junior High School
Swarthmore College
Cleveland Elementary School (San Diego)
Frontier Middle School
The University Of Texas
Rose-Mar College
Olean High School
California State University, Fullerton
University Of Michigan
Cleveland Elementary School (Stockton)
University Of Iowa
Oakland Elementary
Thurston High School
Westside Middle School
Content: St. Mary's Parochial School
Photo: Unknown / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
On April 9, 1891, elderly James Foster fired his shotgun at a group of children playing in front of St. Mary's Parochial School in Newburgh, NY. None of the children were killed, but many were injured. Foster's motivations were unclear . South Pasadena Junior High School
Photo: Wehwalt / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
On May 6, 1940, Verlin Spencer, the 38-year-old principal of South Pasadena Junior High School, shot three school officials, killed five of his colleagues and left another seriously injured. Spencer had a long history of clashes with faculty and staff and was forced to serve a three-week involuntary leave of absence the year prior. When cornered by police, he shot himself in a suicide attempt but survived and served 30 years in prison. Three years later, Spencer learned the blood sample taken after his arrest was found to have high levels of bromide, a popular painkiller he took for headaches. While the amount was high enough to render him legally insane at the time of the shooting, he did not receive a retrial. | https://www.ranker.com/list/scary-school-shootings/natalie-hazen |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2601214491#7_3599905758 | Title: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Headings: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Unspeakable Times
16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
St. Mary's Parochial School
South Pasadena Junior High School
Swarthmore College
Cleveland Elementary School (San Diego)
Frontier Middle School
The University Of Texas
Rose-Mar College
Olean High School
California State University, Fullerton
University Of Michigan
Cleveland Elementary School (Stockton)
University Of Iowa
Oakland Elementary
Thurston High School
Westside Middle School
Content: Loukaitis proceeded to kill a teacher and two classmates before being disarmed by a school official. While Loukaitis expressed remorse, he never gave a clear motivation for his actions. He was eventually tried as an adult and sentenced to 189 years in prison. The University Of Texas
Photo: Larry D. Moore / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
On August 1, 1966, 25-year-old architectural engineering student and ex-Marine sharpshooter Charles Whitman murdered his wife and mother and then climbed to the observation deck of a clock tower at the University of Texas at Austin. Once there, he took out a sniper rifle and began shooting at the people below. During his 96-minute shooting spree, Whitman killed 13 people and wounded more than 30 others before being gunned down by police, but his total victim account ended up being 17. The event is considered to be the first school mass shooting in modern US history and is credited for bringing the phrase "mass shooting" to the American lexicon, outside of war. An autopsy later showed that he had a nickel-sized brain tumor, which could have played a role in his mental instability. Rose-Mar College
On November 12, 1966, Robert Smith entered the salon of Rose-Mar College of Beauty in Mesa, AZ. | https://www.ranker.com/list/scary-school-shootings/natalie-hazen |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2601214491#8_3599907834 | Title: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Headings: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Unspeakable Times
16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
St. Mary's Parochial School
South Pasadena Junior High School
Swarthmore College
Cleveland Elementary School (San Diego)
Frontier Middle School
The University Of Texas
Rose-Mar College
Olean High School
California State University, Fullerton
University Of Michigan
Cleveland Elementary School (Stockton)
University Of Iowa
Oakland Elementary
Thurston High School
Westside Middle School
Content: Once there, he took out a sniper rifle and began shooting at the people below. During his 96-minute shooting spree, Whitman killed 13 people and wounded more than 30 others before being gunned down by police, but his total victim account ended up being 17. The event is considered to be the first school mass shooting in modern US history and is credited for bringing the phrase "mass shooting" to the American lexicon, outside of war. An autopsy later showed that he had a nickel-sized brain tumor, which could have played a role in his mental instability. Rose-Mar College
On November 12, 1966, Robert Smith entered the salon of Rose-Mar College of Beauty in Mesa, AZ. He was armed with a .22 caliber pistol, nylon rope, tape, a hunting knife, and extra ammunition. After firing a warning shot, he ordered the five women present to go to the back of the room and lie down. When one woman starting praying, he opened fire - killing her. He proceeded to kill four more hostages, using both his knife and gun. When police arrived, Smith was reportedly casually walking out of the building. | https://www.ranker.com/list/scary-school-shootings/natalie-hazen |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2601214491#13_3599917057 | Title: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Headings: 16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
Unspeakable Times
16 School Shootings That Took Place Before Columbine
The Enoch Brown School Massacre
St. Mary's Parochial School
South Pasadena Junior High School
Swarthmore College
Cleveland Elementary School (San Diego)
Frontier Middle School
The University Of Texas
Rose-Mar College
Olean High School
California State University, Fullerton
University Of Michigan
Cleveland Elementary School (Stockton)
University Of Iowa
Oakland Elementary
Thurston High School
Westside Middle School
Content: The Bearded Man / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
On April 17, 1981, psychology student Leo Kelly threw several Molotov Cocktails into Bursley Hall on University of Michigan's campus. This started several fires and set off the fire alarms, causing students to flee. Kelly got a shotgun from his room and began firing at fleeing students. Two students were killed in the shooting, and Kelly was later sentenced to life in prison. Cleveland Elementary School (Stockton)
Video: YouTube
On January 17, 1989, a drifter named Patrick Edward Purdy fired an AK-47 into a playground during recess at the Cleveland School in Stockton, CA, shooting off nearly 106 rounds in four minutes. He murdered five children and injured 29 others and a teacher before turning the gun on himself. The murder victims and most of the wounded were all children of Southeast Asian war refugees. A former pupil of the Cleveland School, Purdy had a troubled childhood, a history of mental illness, and a long criminal record. His motivation? | https://www.ranker.com/list/scary-school-shootings/natalie-hazen |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2612533320#1_3623032493 | Title: Who Has Howard Hughes Dated? His Dating History With Photos
Headings: Howard Hughes's Wives, Girlfriends & Romances
Entertainment
Howard Hughes's Wives, Girlfriends & Romances
Jean Peters
Marlene Dietrich
Faye Emerson
Rita Hayworth
Content: This list features Howard Hughes's ex-girlfriends along with additional information about them, such as when they were born and what their profession is. These women come in all shapes and sizes, but what they all have in common is that they're all women that Howard Hughes has either dated or canoodled with. It's not hard to get jealous of these women that Howard Hughes has gone out with, so try your hardest to contain your envy. Howard Hughes' last wife, Jean Peters, was reported to be the only woman he had ever loved. Although they ended up getting divorced, Howard Hughes had his men follow Jean Peters everywhere to keep a close eye on her. People here include Howard Hughes' exes and women he married like Bette Davis, Katharine Hepburn, Rita Hayworth, Faith Domergue, and Ava Gardner. Despite multiple wives and a long list of exes and flings, Howard Hughes never had children. This list answers the questions, "What are the names of Howard Hughes's ex-girlfriends?" and "Who has Howard Hughes linked up with?" It's not certain whether the people on this list are women that Howard Hughes has been intimate with but it's safe to assume that when two adults are going out that some action will inevitably occur. | https://www.ranker.com/list/women-who-howard-hughes-has-dated/celebrityhookups |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2616402884#0_3632712409 | Title: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Headings: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Johann Philipp Reis
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
Tivadar Puskás
Proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876
Varun Kumar
Content: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
June 7, 20207 min read
Although Alexander Graham Bell is generally credited for inventing the telephone, it was the culmination of research done by many individuals. Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Innocenzo Manzetti, and Elisha Gray made significant contributions that led to the invention of the telephone. The concept of the telephone dates back to 1664 when a British physicist and polymath Robert Hooke came up with the string telephone (also called lover’s telephone), comprising two diaphragms connected by a tight wire or string. However, the first practical telephone wasn’t brought to reality until the mid 19th century. Attributing the true inventor to a particular invention could be a tricky business. In most cases, credit goes to the inventor of the best working or most practical prototype rather than to the original inventor. The invention of the telephone is one of such cases. Generally, Alexander Graham Bell is credited for inventing the telephone, but it was the culmination of research and experiments done by many individuals. | https://www.rankred.com/who-invented-the-telephone/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2616402884#1_3632714508 | Title: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Headings: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Johann Philipp Reis
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
Tivadar Puskás
Proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876
Varun Kumar
Content: However, the first practical telephone wasn’t brought to reality until the mid 19th century. Attributing the true inventor to a particular invention could be a tricky business. In most cases, credit goes to the inventor of the best working or most practical prototype rather than to the original inventor. The invention of the telephone is one of such cases. Generally, Alexander Graham Bell is credited for inventing the telephone, but it was the culmination of research and experiments done by many individuals. The experimental works and ‘voice transmission over a wire’ carried out by several inventors and numerous companies led to a series of lawsuits relating to the patent claims. New controversies over the issue still arise to this date. To explain the complete story, we have mentioned seven key inventors whose contributions led to the invention of the telephone. Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Antonio Meucci is best known for developing telephone-like devices. In 1854, he invented an early voice communicating device called telettrofono. | https://www.rankred.com/who-invented-the-telephone/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2616402884#4_3632721137 | Title: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Headings: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Johann Philipp Reis
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
Tivadar Puskás
Proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876
Varun Kumar
Content: They passed a resolution that says –
“if Meucci had been able to pay the $10 fee to maintain the caveat after 1874, no patent could have been issued to Bell.” In 2008, the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities celebrated Meucci’s 200th birthday using the title ‘Inventore del telefono’ (inventor of the telephone). Johann Philipp Reis
Reis and his telephone
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Johann Philipp Reis, a self-taught German scientist, constructed the first speech transmitting telephone in 1861, which is now known as the Reis telephone. He coined the term ‘telephon’ to describe his device. It captures sound, converts it into electrical impulses, and transmit those impulses through electrical wires to another device that transforms the pulses into human-recognizable sounds. To prove that the device could transmit acoustic sounds over long distances, Reis sent a hard-to-understand German phrase ‘Das Pferd frisst keinen Gurkensalat’ (The horse does not eat cucumber salad). A British telephone company named Standard Telephones and Cables later found that Reis’ device built in the early 1860s were capable of transmitting and reproducing speech of good quality, but of low efficiency. Philip Reis died in 1874, and four years later, European researchers dedicated a monument to him as the inventor of the telephone. Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Innocenzo Manzetti first presented the idea of a ‘speaking telegraph’ in 1843. However, he did not come up with any working prototype until 1864. | https://www.rankred.com/who-invented-the-telephone/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2616402884#5_3632723731 | Title: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Headings: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Johann Philipp Reis
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
Tivadar Puskás
Proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876
Varun Kumar
Content: To prove that the device could transmit acoustic sounds over long distances, Reis sent a hard-to-understand German phrase ‘Das Pferd frisst keinen Gurkensalat’ (The horse does not eat cucumber salad). A British telephone company named Standard Telephones and Cables later found that Reis’ device built in the early 1860s were capable of transmitting and reproducing speech of good quality, but of low efficiency. Philip Reis died in 1874, and four years later, European researchers dedicated a monument to him as the inventor of the telephone. Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Innocenzo Manzetti first presented the idea of a ‘speaking telegraph’ in 1843. However, he did not come up with any working prototype until 1864. In 1865, he constructed an electrical telephone that could reproduce loudly spoken vowels and music with good quality. However, it was neither patented nor presented at any conference by Manzetti himself. Although the Parisian newspaper, Le Petit Journal, described the device in a brief article , there were no historical records of British companies implementing Manzetti’s telephone in any region, in that time period. Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Elisha Gray was an American electrical engineer. He was best known for developing a telephone prototype that used a metal rod dipped into an acid mixture (or any other liquid conductor). | https://www.rankred.com/who-invented-the-telephone/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2616402884#8_3632730262 | Title: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Headings: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Johann Philipp Reis
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
Tivadar Puskás
Proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876
Varun Kumar
Content: Alexander Graham Bell
Bell demonstrating long-distance telephone line (from New York to Chicago) in 1892 | Photo credit: Library of Congress
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell’s experiments with hearing devices eventually culminated in him being awarded the first patent for the telephone on 7th March 1876. He obtained the US patent 174,465 for a device that transmits vocal or other sounds telegraphically. Three days after the patent was approved, Bell used the device in Boston to call his assistant, who was in another room. He said, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” A few moments later, Watson appeared at his side, confirming that the invention worked. Both Graham Bell and Elisha Gray submitted independent applications to the patent office in Washington on 14th February 1876. Bell applied for the patent of the telephone while Gray applied for a caveat of the telephone. These gentlemen did not actually visit the patent office; | https://www.rankred.com/who-invented-the-telephone/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2616402884#10_3632733950 | Title: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Headings: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Johann Philipp Reis
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
Tivadar Puskás
Proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876
Varun Kumar
Content: their lawyers did on their behalf. Some reports say that Bell’s lawyer arrived at the patent office earlier than Gray’s lawyer. He was the 5th entry of that day, while Gray’s lawyer was 39th. Thus, the first patent of the telephone was awarded to Graham Bell. After Bell’s patent was granted, he tested Gray’s liquid transmitter design but only as a proof of concept experiment. He wanted to see whether articulate speech could be electrically transmitted. But since liquid transmitter wasn’t feasible for commercial devices, Bell later focused on developing better electromagnetic telephones. After March 1876, he never used Gray’s transmitter design in commercial products or public demonstrations. Source: The Telephone Patent Conspiracy of 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
In 1876, Thomas Edison developed a carbon microphone to improve the transmitters developed by Graham Bell and Philipp Reis. | https://www.rankred.com/who-invented-the-telephone/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2616402884#12_3632738057 | Title: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth - RankRed
Headings: Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Who Invented The Telephone? The Complete Truth
Antonio Meucci
Constructed an early voice communicating device in 1854
Johann Philipp Reis
Built the first ‘make-and-break’ telephone in 1861
Innocenzo Manzetti
Reported to have invented a speaking-telegraph in 1864
Elisha Gray
Designed a telephone using a water microphone in 1876
Alexander Graham Bell
Awarded the first US Patent for the invention of the practical telephone in 1876
Thomas Edison
Invented the carbon microphone to produce a strong telephone signal
Tivadar Puskás
Proposed the telephone switchboard exchange in 1876
Varun Kumar
Content: It contained two metal plates isolated by carbon granules. These granules alter resistance with the soundwaves’ pressure. When a direct current (DC) is passed between the plates through the granules, the varying resistance creates a varying current, which further produces the varying pressure of the soundwave. Since carbon microphones could generate high-level audio signals from very low DC voltages, without any additional amplification, they were widely used in telephones along with the Bell receiver from 1890 until the 1980s. According to Edison,
The first inventor of a telephone was Phillip Reis but his device could only transmit music (not speech). The first person to publicly demonstrate a telephone for transmitting articulate speech was Graham Bell. The first commercial telephone (that could transmit articulate speech) was invented by him only. His invention is used for transmitting while Bell’s is used for receiving. Read: Who Actually Invented The Light Bulb? | https://www.rankred.com/who-invented-the-telephone/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2617996405#2_3637105701 | Title: Taylor Swift Net Worth 2020: Age, Height, Boyfriend, Bio, Wiki & Facts | Raphael Saadiq
Headings: Taylor Swift Net Worth: Biography, Wiki, Career & Facts
Taylor Swift Net Worth: Biography, Wiki, Career & Facts
Biography & Wiki
Taylor Swift Personal Life: Affair, Boyfriend, Married, Husband, Children & Family
Professional Career
Awards & Achievements
Taylor Swift Salary, Net Worth & Earnings 2019
5 facts you didn’t know about Taylor Swift
1. She’ll Never Get A Tattoo
2. She Wasn’t Always A Singer
3. She plays four instruments
4. Named after James Taylor
5. She might be partially blind
Content: She Wasn’t Always A Singer
1.5.3 3. She plays four instruments
1.5.4 4. Named after James Taylor
1.5.5 5. She might be partially blind
Biography & Wiki
Real Name/Full Name
Taylor Alison Swift
Age
29 years (2019), Born on 13 December 1989
Height
5ft 9 ¼ (175.9 cm)
Boyfriend
Joe Alwyn (2018-2019)
Husband
N/A
Children
N/A
Net Worth (2019)
$400 Million
Source of Wealth
Singer-Songwriter
Taylor Alison Swift was born in 1989 in Pennsylvania, United States of America. She is the daughter of Scott Kingsley Swift and Andrea Gardener Swift being the firstborn in the family of two. Scott was a financial advisor and mother Andrea worked as a mutual fund marketing executive. At an early age of nine, Taylor became interested in musical theatre and later on, when she was 14 years old she moved to Nashville, Tennessee where she started pursuing her career in country music. She signed up with a production label Big Machine Records, and later on, she was signed by Sony Music Publishing House and thus becoming the youngest artist to be signed with this label. Taylor Swift Personal Life: Affair, Boyfriend, Married, Husband, Children & Family
No one has had her colorful love life picked apart more than Taylor Swift no wonder she has kept a low profile to avoid her latest relationship becoming a circus like the rest. | https://www.raphaelsaadiq.com/biography-wiki-age-height-net-worth/singer/taylor-swift-2019-2020-2021-2022/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2617996405#3_3637107913 | Title: Taylor Swift Net Worth 2020: Age, Height, Boyfriend, Bio, Wiki & Facts | Raphael Saadiq
Headings: Taylor Swift Net Worth: Biography, Wiki, Career & Facts
Taylor Swift Net Worth: Biography, Wiki, Career & Facts
Biography & Wiki
Taylor Swift Personal Life: Affair, Boyfriend, Married, Husband, Children & Family
Professional Career
Awards & Achievements
Taylor Swift Salary, Net Worth & Earnings 2019
5 facts you didn’t know about Taylor Swift
1. She’ll Never Get A Tattoo
2. She Wasn’t Always A Singer
3. She plays four instruments
4. Named after James Taylor
5. She might be partially blind
Content: Scott was a financial advisor and mother Andrea worked as a mutual fund marketing executive. At an early age of nine, Taylor became interested in musical theatre and later on, when she was 14 years old she moved to Nashville, Tennessee where she started pursuing her career in country music. She signed up with a production label Big Machine Records, and later on, she was signed by Sony Music Publishing House and thus becoming the youngest artist to be signed with this label. Taylor Swift Personal Life: Affair, Boyfriend, Married, Husband, Children & Family
No one has had her colorful love life picked apart more than Taylor Swift no wonder she has kept a low profile to avoid her latest relationship becoming a circus like the rest. After a string of romantic relationships with high profile celebrities, Swift is dating the rising British actor Joe Alwyn. They have been dating for close to a year now and looks like this is way too serious. Before Joe Alwyn came around Swift has dated a string of celebrities such as Jake Gyllenhaal, Joe Jonas, and her longest-lived romantic relationship was with Calvin Harris. Professional Career
At just the age of 9, Taylor had already expressed her interest in musical theatre and started performing in Four Berks Youth Academy. Her father relocated the family to Nashville, Tennessee to help her have a breakthrough in country music. | https://www.raphaelsaadiq.com/biography-wiki-age-height-net-worth/singer/taylor-swift-2019-2020-2021-2022/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2617996405#4_3637110161 | Title: Taylor Swift Net Worth 2020: Age, Height, Boyfriend, Bio, Wiki & Facts | Raphael Saadiq
Headings: Taylor Swift Net Worth: Biography, Wiki, Career & Facts
Taylor Swift Net Worth: Biography, Wiki, Career & Facts
Biography & Wiki
Taylor Swift Personal Life: Affair, Boyfriend, Married, Husband, Children & Family
Professional Career
Awards & Achievements
Taylor Swift Salary, Net Worth & Earnings 2019
5 facts you didn’t know about Taylor Swift
1. She’ll Never Get A Tattoo
2. She Wasn’t Always A Singer
3. She plays four instruments
4. Named after James Taylor
5. She might be partially blind
Content: After a string of romantic relationships with high profile celebrities, Swift is dating the rising British actor Joe Alwyn. They have been dating for close to a year now and looks like this is way too serious. Before Joe Alwyn came around Swift has dated a string of celebrities such as Jake Gyllenhaal, Joe Jonas, and her longest-lived romantic relationship was with Calvin Harris. Professional Career
At just the age of 9, Taylor had already expressed her interest in musical theatre and started performing in Four Berks Youth Academy. Her father relocated the family to Nashville, Tennessee to help her have a breakthrough in country music. It is here where Taylor started working with profound music songwriters such as Liz Rose who helped her build her career. She had been signed in by new labels at the age of 14 such as Sony Music Publishing House, Big Machine Records. In 2005, while performing in a cafe in Nashville, she caught the eye of an executive of DreamWorks Records, Scott Borchetta and who at the time was working on opening his label the Big Music Machine and Taylor was signed in by this label. In addition, Taylor father bought her a 3 percent stake in the company whose estimated worth was $120,000 dollars. After signing in with this record, she started producing debut albums. | https://www.raphaelsaadiq.com/biography-wiki-age-height-net-worth/singer/taylor-swift-2019-2020-2021-2022/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2618467610#2_3638292139 | Title: Types of Cyber Attacks | Hacking Attacks & Techniques | Rapid7
Headings: Common Types of Cybersecurity Attacks
Common Types of Cybersecurity Attacks
Jump to:
Malware
Phishing
SQL Injection Attack
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Denial-of-Service (DoS)
Session Hijacking and Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
Credential Reuse
Content: Once malware is in your computer, it can wreak all sorts of havoc, from taking control of your machine, to monitoring your actions and keystrokes, to silently sending all sorts of confidential data from your computer or network to the attacker's home base. Attackers will use a variety of methods to get malware into your computer, but at some stage it often requires the user to take an action to install the malware. This can include clicking a link to download a file, or opening an attachment that may look harmless (like a Word document or PDF attachment), but actually has a malware installer hidden within. Learn more about malware attacks. Phishing
Of course, chances are you wouldn't just open a random attachment or click on a link in any email that comes your way—there has to be a compelling reason for you to take action. Attackers know this, too. When an attacker wants you to install malware or divulge sensitive information, they often turn to phishing tactics, or pretending to be someone or something else to get you to take an action you normally wouldn’t. Since they rely on human curiosity and impulses, phishing attacks can be difficult to stop. In a phishing attack, an attacker may send you an email that appears to be from someone you trust, like your boss or a company you do business with. The email will seem legitimate, and it will have some urgency to it (e.g. fraudulent activity has been detected on your account). | https://www.rapid7.com/fundamentals/types-of-attacks/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2618467610#3_3638294110 | Title: Types of Cyber Attacks | Hacking Attacks & Techniques | Rapid7
Headings: Common Types of Cybersecurity Attacks
Common Types of Cybersecurity Attacks
Jump to:
Malware
Phishing
SQL Injection Attack
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Denial-of-Service (DoS)
Session Hijacking and Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
Credential Reuse
Content: Attackers know this, too. When an attacker wants you to install malware or divulge sensitive information, they often turn to phishing tactics, or pretending to be someone or something else to get you to take an action you normally wouldn’t. Since they rely on human curiosity and impulses, phishing attacks can be difficult to stop. In a phishing attack, an attacker may send you an email that appears to be from someone you trust, like your boss or a company you do business with. The email will seem legitimate, and it will have some urgency to it (e.g. fraudulent activity has been detected on your account). In the email, there will be an attachment to open or a link to click. Upon opening the malicious attachment, you’ll thereby install malware in your computer. If you click the link, it may send you to a legitimate-looking website that asks for you to log in to access an important file—except the website is actually a trap used to capture your credentials when you try to log in. In order to combat phishing attempts, understanding the importance of verifying email senders and attachments/links is essential. Learn more about phishing attacks. | https://www.rapid7.com/fundamentals/types-of-attacks/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_50_2622598265#9_3648134619 | Title: Five Things You Notice When You Quit the News
Headings: Five Things You Notice When You Quit the News
Five Things You Notice When You Quit the News
1) You feel better
2) You were never actually accomplishing anything by watching the news
3) Most current-events-related conversations are just people talking out of their asses
4) There are much better ways to “be informed”
5) “Being concerned” makes us feel like we’re doing something when we’re not
{ 25 Trackbacks }
Content: The back of your shampoo bottle contains information. Today there’s much more of it out there than we can ever absorb, so we have to choose what deserves our time. The news provides information in infinite volume but very limited depth, and it’s clearly meant to agitate us more than educate us. Every minute spent watching news is a minute you are unavailable for learning about the world in other ways. Americans probably watch a hundred million hours of news coverage every day. That’s a lot of unread books, for one thing. Read three books on a topic and you know more about it than 99% of the world. Watch news all day for years and you have a distant, water-cooler-level awareness of thousands of stories, at least for the few weeks each is popular. If we only care about the breadth of information, and not the depth, there’s not much distinction between “staying informed” and staying misinformed. 5) “Being concerned” makes us feel like we’re doing something when we’re not
News is all about injustice and catastrophe, and naturally we feel uncomfortable ignoring stories in which people are being hurt. | https://www.raptitude.com/2016/12/five-things-you-notice-when-you-quit-the-news/ |
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