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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_572569939#2_798456565
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Title: Totem Poles ***
Headings: Totem Poles
Totem Poles
Northwest Indian Totem Poles
Content: Totem Poles were not created by all Native Indian tribes and their production was limited to Northwest Indian tribes located in the Pacific Northwest Coast in British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. The names of the Northwest Tribes which carved Totem Poles included: The Tlingit tribe
The Haida tribe
The Bella Coola tribe
The Chinook tribe
The Tsimshian tribe
Coast Salish
In the culture of the Northwest people Totem Poles were erected in the front of a Northwest Native Indian's home and would show the ancestry and the social rank of the family. The figures carved on the Totem poles could be humans, animals, or other creatures. Native American Totem Poles
Purpose and Reason for Totem Poles
Totem poles were made to fill a variety of needs, but their primary purposes were to commemorate people or special events. The first totem poles were carved as part of an elaborate Potlatch ceremony which was a great, expensive feast with deep meaning. Totem poles were later created for other reasons. The Principal purposes and reasons for Totem Poles were: Potlatch Pole - to symbolize the generosity of the person who sponsored the Potlatch ceremony
Legend Pole - To record a supernatural encounter
Memorial Pole - To commemorate the life of an important person
Burial Pole - totem poles were used as grave markers, grave posts or mortuary totem poles
Heraldic Pole - Recording the history of clans or families
Portal or Entryway pole - through which a person enters the house, identifying the owner and family of the house
Ridicule pole, also called shame pole - symbolic reminders of debts, quarrels, murders, and other objectionable occurrences
Indoor House Pole - supported the roof and bore emblems of the clan
Welcoming Pole - situated on waterfronts and identifying ownership of the water and surrounding area
Totem Poles - A Sign of Affluence
Totem poles a sign of affluence, a display of wealth. They were expensive and time consuming to construct requiring significant manpower in their construction and erection, which is why they are generally found near the houses of Native American chiefs.
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https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-culture/totem-poles.htm
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_572569939#6_798463840
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Title: Totem Poles ***
Headings: Totem Poles
Totem Poles
Northwest Indian Totem Poles
Content: The Symbols for every animal or spirit carved on the pole also have meaning and when combined on the pole, in sequence, constitute a story, legend or myth. Thunderbird Totem Pole
Meaning of Totem Poles - Carvings and Symbols
The meaning of Totem Poles can be interpreted from the carvings and symbols that tell a story. Every animal depicted on a Pole had a special meaning, characteristics and significance - refer to Animal Totems
Every color had a special meaning and significance
Every tribe and clan or family had a special animal totem and their poles were associated with specific colors
The position of figures on the pole were significant
Directional colors - Some colors symbolized the four cardinal points
The Decay of Totem Poles
As totem poles become old they decay and become weather-beaten and gray in color. Groups of old poles are sometimes compared to a forest of tree trunks left after a fire has swept through a wooded district. Pictures of House Totem Poles of Northwest Indians
Creating Totem Poles - How long did it take? The length of time taken to carve and paint the poles clearly depended on the size of the pole and the intricacy of the carving. Generally totem poles could take between 3 and 9 months to complete and required the skills of the experienced carver and his helpers. Northwest Indian Totem Poles
Native American Northwest Indian Poles and Posts
Materials used to create Totem Poles
History of the Northwest Indian Totem Poles and their purpose
Words and terminology associated with Northwest Indian Totem Poles
Examples of the Totem Pole
Native American Northwest Indian art and culture
Pictures and Videos of Native Americans
Discover the vast selection of pictures which relate to the History of Native Americans and illustrate many decorations and tattoos used by American Indians. The pictures show the clothing, tattoos, war paint, weapons and decorations of various Native Indian tribes that can be used as a really useful educational history resource for kids and children of all ages and a means to study their interpretation. We have included pictures to accompany the main topic of this section - Native American Culture.
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https://www.warpaths2peacepipes.com/native-american-culture/totem-poles.htm
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_573471617#13_799940591
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Title:
Headings:
Content: Others followed routes that came to be called the triangular tradebecause the routes formed a triangle. On one leg of such a route, ships brought sugar and molasses from the West Indies to the New England colonies. In New England, the molasses would be made into rum. Next, the rum and other goods were shipped to West Africa and traded for enslaved Africans. Slavery was widely practiced in West Africa. Many West African kingdoms enslaved those they defeated in war. Some of the enslaved were sold to Arab slave traders. Others were forced to mine gold or work in farm fields. With the arrival of the Europeans, enslaved Africans also began to be shipped to America in exchange for trade goods. On the final leg of the route, the enslaved Africans were taken to the West Indies where they were sold to planters.
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https://www.warrencountyschools.org/userfiles/2619/Classes/24065/chap04.pdf
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_573696396#0_800193030
|
Title:
Headings:
Content: In
the
first
half
of
the
nineteenth
century,
economic
changes
called
by
historians
“the
market
revolution”
transformed
the
United
States. Innovations
in
transportation
and
communication
sparked
these
changes. In
the
colonial
era,
technology
had
barely
advanced—ships
did
not
become
faster,
no
canals
were
built,
and
manufacturing
was
done
by
hand. Roads
were
scarce
and
slow. In
1800,
most
farm
families
were
not
tied
to
the
marketplace,
use
little
cash,
and
produced
much
of
what
they
needed
at
home. It
was
nearly
impossible
for
farmers
far
from
cities
or
waterways
to
get
their
produce
to
market. The
catalyst
for
the
market
revolution
was
a
series
of
innovations
in
transportation
and
communication. The
first
advance
in
overland
transportation
was
the
construction
of
toll
roads,
called
turnpikes,
by
private
companies
and
state
and
local
governments. But
improved
water
transportation
more
effectively
sped
up
and
lowered
the
costs
of
commerce. In
other
words,
the
development
of
canals
AND
steamboats,
in
the
first
half
of
the
nineteenth
century,
most
dramatically
increased
the
speed
and
lowered
the
expense
of
commerce.
|
https://www.warrenhills.org/cms/lib/NJ01001092/Centricity/Domain/145/Video_Quiz_PPT_for_Industrial_Juggernaut.pdf
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_577845716#2_809526180
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Title: The Stages of Grief: Accepting the Unacceptable | Counseling Center
Headings: The Stages of Grief: Accepting the Unacceptable
Counseling Center
The Stages of Grief: Accepting the Unacceptable
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
Content: Grief is typically conceptualized as a reaction to death, though it can occur anytime reality is not what we wanted, hoped for, or expected. Persistent, traumatic grief can cause us to cycle (sometimes quickly) through the stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. These stages are our attempts to process change and protect ourselves while we adapt to a new reality. While there are consistent elements within each stage, the process of grieving looks different for everyone. When you combine experiences of stress and trauma to grief, it is overwhelming. It takes a toll on our mental and physical health. Our minds and bodies are consistently being impacted by the stress response, a nervous system reaction to feeling threatened. It triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, impacting sleep, appetite, making it difficult to function at your best. Symptoms of anxiety and depression may develop, as well as trauma symptoms like intrusive thoughts, nightmares, feeling disconnected from self.
|
https://www.washington.edu/counseling/2020/06/08/the-stages-of-grief-accepting-the-unacceptable/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_579010185#0_811838115
|
Title: How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
Headings: How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
What was Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Did Washington support the Whiskey Rebellion?
What provoked the Whiskey Rebellion How did the government respond?
Why did Washington view the Whiskey Rebellion as treason?
What were the causes and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion?
What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
Why did farmers not like the whiskey tax?
What message was Washington sending to the American people when he used force to stop the Whiskey Rebellion?
What ended the Whiskey Rebellion?
What was the government’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion quizlet?
What were the reasons for the Whiskey Rebellion who was it aimed at particularly?
How did Jefferson feel about the Whiskey Rebellion?
Content: How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion? How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion? Leave a Comment / The main thing about Washington
What was Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion? The alarm was raised, and more than 500 armed men attacked the fortified home of tax inspector General John Neville. Washington responded by sending peace commissioners to western Pennsylvania to negotiate with the rebels, while at the same time calling on governors to send a militia force to enforce the tax. Did Washington support the Whiskey Rebellion? Washington personally led the troops into Bedford—the first and only time a sitting US President has led troops into the field. … Washington’s strong response to the Whiskey Rebellion became, as future-President James Madison put it, “a lesson to every part of the Union against disobedience to the laws.” What provoked the Whiskey Rebellion How did the government respond? – Growing disaffection with State and Federal governments
-The rebellion was provoked by the imposition of an excise tax on distilled spirits (whiskey being the most prominent in that era).
|
https://www.washingtoncountyinfo.com/the-main-thing-about-washington/how-did-president-washington-respond-to-the-whiskey-rebellion.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_579010185#5_811849006
|
Title: How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
Headings: How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
What was Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Did Washington support the Whiskey Rebellion?
What provoked the Whiskey Rebellion How did the government respond?
Why did Washington view the Whiskey Rebellion as treason?
What were the causes and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion?
What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
Why did farmers not like the whiskey tax?
What message was Washington sending to the American people when he used force to stop the Whiskey Rebellion?
What ended the Whiskey Rebellion?
What was the government’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion quizlet?
What were the reasons for the Whiskey Rebellion who was it aimed at particularly?
How did Jefferson feel about the Whiskey Rebellion?
Content: President George Washington was opposed to Hamilton’s suggestion of a whiskey tax. … Farmers took further issue because only cash would be accepted for tax payment. What message was Washington sending to the American people when he used force to stop the Whiskey Rebellion? What message was Washington sending to the American people when he used force to stop the Whiskey Rebellion? The gov’t would not tolerate violent protests. Laws had to be changed peacefully. What ended the Whiskey Rebellion? 1791 – 1794
What was the government’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion quizlet? Summarize the Federal Governments (i.e. President Washington’s) response to the Whiskey Rebellion: He offered the group of rebels a pardon if they would agree to abide by the law.
|
https://www.washingtoncountyinfo.com/the-main-thing-about-washington/how-did-president-washington-respond-to-the-whiskey-rebellion.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_579010185#6_811851019
|
Title: How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
Headings: How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
How did president washington respond to the whiskey rebellion?
What was Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Did Washington support the Whiskey Rebellion?
What provoked the Whiskey Rebellion How did the government respond?
Why did Washington view the Whiskey Rebellion as treason?
What were the causes and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion?
What was the significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
Why did farmers not like the whiskey tax?
What message was Washington sending to the American people when he used force to stop the Whiskey Rebellion?
What ended the Whiskey Rebellion?
What was the government’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion quizlet?
What were the reasons for the Whiskey Rebellion who was it aimed at particularly?
How did Jefferson feel about the Whiskey Rebellion?
Content: Laws had to be changed peacefully. What ended the Whiskey Rebellion? 1791 – 1794
What was the government’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion quizlet? Summarize the Federal Governments (i.e. President Washington’s) response to the Whiskey Rebellion: He offered the group of rebels a pardon if they would agree to abide by the law. President Washington called out 13,000 militiamen as a federal force and gave the mob until September 1 to cease with their actions. What were the reasons for the Whiskey Rebellion who was it aimed at particularly? Who was it aimed at particularly? The reasons for the Whisky Rebellion were farmers unhappy with a tax on whiskey, because they didn’t believe in taxes and this hit them personally. They aimed their rebellion at their tax collectors to make a statement.
|
https://www.washingtoncountyinfo.com/the-main-thing-about-washington/how-did-president-washington-respond-to-the-whiskey-rebellion.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_579370765#12_812702423
|
Title: 2014 GovCon Award Nominee Interview with Accenture Federal Services' Chief Executive David Moskovitz | WashingtonExec
Headings: 2014 GovCon Award Nominee Interview with Accenture Federal Services’ Chief Executive David Moskovitz
2014 GovCon Award Nominee Interview with Accenture Federal Services’ Chief Executive David Moskovitz
WashingtonExec: How has your business been able to grow as the federal market contracts?
WashingtonExec: What is the fastest growing component of your business?
WashingtonExec: What was your organization’s largest accomplishment in the last 12-18 months?
WashingtonExec: Given the current state of the federal contracting market, how has your organization’s marketing approach to customers, employees and future customers changed?
WashingtonExec: What are the largest challenges that you predict your business will face in the next 5 years?
WashingtonExec: How does your organization maintain engagement with all levels of employees?
WashingtonExec: Have Millennials entering the workforce changed your corporate policies? If so, how?
WashingtonExec: How is your business involved in the community?
WashingtonExec: What would you say are the top one or two leadership qualities necessary to be a great leader?
WashingtonExec: If we were to speak directly to your leadership team, what would they say is your management style? How would your team describe your leadership qualities?
WashingtonExec: What was a turning point or inflection point in your career?
WashingtonExec: What advice do you have for aspiring leaders in the government contracting industry?
WashingtonExec: What was your first job? Overall, how did that experience shape your career?
WashingtonExec: What three pieces of advice would you give your kids?
WashingtonExec: How has your organization changed over the past year and what makes you optimistic about winning GovCon Awards in your category this year?
Content: WashingtonExec: How does your organization maintain engagement with all levels of employees? David Moskovitz: We aspire to be the employer of choice in the federal space? Accenture Federal Services attracts, develops and retains the best people through a variety of programs designed to: identify top talent, offer competitive rewards, provide professional growth and career development, enhance collaboration, recognize employee contributions, foster a diverse and inclusive culture, and continue a history of corporate citizenship. Some best practices that allow us to maintain and grow engagement with all levels of Accenture employees include hiring the very best talent, developing our leadership team, developing emerging leaders, encouraging and enabling continuous learning and development, assisting in career development, encouraging collaboration and knowledge management, managing performance, recognizing and rewarding accomplishments and achievements, and creating a diverse and inclusive work environment. We also communicate regularly through a number of internal communications vehicles, including quarterly Town Hall meetings, employee newsletters that highlight achievement and accomplishments, and messages informing employees of changes to policy and business objectives and the reminders of the day-to-day activities and actions they may need to take. One important element of our company-wide engagement is creating a diverse and inclusive company culture that welcomes all forms of differences in order to foster an innovative, collaborativ
|
https://www.washingtonexec.com/2014/11/govcon/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_580612194#13_815528267
|
Title: A New Study Contradicts a Washington Post Poll About How Native Americans View the Redskins' Name | Washingtonian (DC)
Headings: A New Study Contradicts a Washington Post Poll About How Native Americans View the Redskins’ Name
A New Study Contradicts a Washington Post Poll About How Native Americans View the Redskins’ Name
We asked one of the authors why this new research got such different results.
How did this study come to be?
And what are those? Because maybe public opinion has changed in the four years since the Post poll was conducted, but the discrepancy between their results and yours still seems pretty drastic.
It seems like there would be shades of gray in there.
What do you hope to accomplish with this new data?
I wonder if people who are ardent supporters of the Redskins’ name see “being offended” as a serious issue. How do you change those minds?
What has the Post said to you about all this?
And you’re getting the same results regardless of how you slice it?
Jane Recker
Content: When you dehumanize a group, it allows all these terrible things. Everything that you’re seeing is about protecting white people and letting them play Indian and feel good, but it’s literally hurting our people. I wonder if people who are ardent supporters of the Redskins’ name see “being offended” as a serious issue. How do you change those minds? I think there’s evidence that people are starting to be aware [that it is serious]. For the last four years, tribal leaders have been standing up and saying “we are offended,” and they would simply say, “no, sit down, 9 out of 10 Native people are not offended,” based on a bad survey. Part of the reason I study this is because I’m really interested in how cultural representations shape identity and development. Did you know that the Indian mascot affects self esteem more than negative stereotypes? Like, if we present Native kids with negative stereotypes about alcoholism, suicide rates, and dropout rates, that lowers self-esteem significantly. The mascot lowers self esteem significantly more than those other stereotypes.
|
https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/02/21/a-new-study-contradicts-a-washington-post-poll-about-how-native-americans-view-the-redskins-name/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_580612194#14_815530718
|
Title: A New Study Contradicts a Washington Post Poll About How Native Americans View the Redskins' Name | Washingtonian (DC)
Headings: A New Study Contradicts a Washington Post Poll About How Native Americans View the Redskins’ Name
A New Study Contradicts a Washington Post Poll About How Native Americans View the Redskins’ Name
We asked one of the authors why this new research got such different results.
How did this study come to be?
And what are those? Because maybe public opinion has changed in the four years since the Post poll was conducted, but the discrepancy between their results and yours still seems pretty drastic.
It seems like there would be shades of gray in there.
What do you hope to accomplish with this new data?
I wonder if people who are ardent supporters of the Redskins’ name see “being offended” as a serious issue. How do you change those minds?
What has the Post said to you about all this?
And you’re getting the same results regardless of how you slice it?
Jane Recker
Content: For the last four years, tribal leaders have been standing up and saying “we are offended,” and they would simply say, “no, sit down, 9 out of 10 Native people are not offended,” based on a bad survey. Part of the reason I study this is because I’m really interested in how cultural representations shape identity and development. Did you know that the Indian mascot affects self esteem more than negative stereotypes? Like, if we present Native kids with negative stereotypes about alcoholism, suicide rates, and dropout rates, that lowers self-esteem significantly. The mascot lowers self esteem significantly more than those other stereotypes. This is a piece that people don’t get. How do we say to a Washington fan, “Look I get that you enjoy this, your playing Indian, but your playing Indian is leading to our children dying.” And how important is it? I went to Stanford, [our mascot was] the tree, we loved the tree! If you can get behind a tree, you can get behind anything.
|
https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/02/21/a-new-study-contradicts-a-washington-post-poll-about-how-native-americans-view-the-redskins-name/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_584758723#2_824180285
|
Title: The power of Lyndon Johnson is a myth - The Washington Post
Headings: The power of Lyndon Johnson is a myth
The power of Lyndon Johnson is a myth
Content: Yet even this critical portrayal depicts LBJ as all-powerful. Rather than exploring why Johnson feared sending a bill to Congress, we see a president who is singularly making the decision to hold back legislation. If only Johnson had said yes, the rest would have been smooth sailing. This is what an imaginary world without Congress looks like. Advertisement
Story continues below advertisement
For those longing for another tough Texan, there isn’t much optimism that we will see this from President Obama. “ Obama is the anti-Lyndon Johnson,” Maureen Dowd wrote. Yet the argument that Obama would be more effective if he acted like Johnson is premised on a powerful myth about Johnson—and, more importantly, a myth about what a president can do with a broken political environment. The truth is that all the political savvy in the world has rarely been enough to move a Congress when the legislators who controlled it fundamentally opposed the White House’s proposals. The veneration of Johnson’s “treatment,” those moments when LBJ invaded the personal space of legislators to bully and seduce them, does more to obscure than illuminate how politics really works; the myth about LBJ over-emphasizes the capacity of “great men” to affect legislation by force of personality and undervalues the centrality of the political system in which a president must operate.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2015/01/11/the-power-of-lyndon-johnson-is-a-myth/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_588152722#12_832291429
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Title: What do the jobless do when the benefits end? - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: The proposal would not have a major impact on overall economic growth; analysts estimate it would increase the nation’s gross domestic product by less than half a percentage point. But advocates for the jobless say even a brief extension would make a huge difference in people’s lives. “Some members of Congress are just in complete denial about the severity of the economic downturn,” said the Rev. Larry Snyder, president of Catholic Charities USA, which has seen demand for food and other forms of aid jump since federal benefits lapsed. “Some people are interpreting the fact that we’re seeing signs of economic recovery as saying, ‘Okay, folks are all right,’ ” Snyder said. “ That’s just not true.” Comments
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/what-do-the-jobless-do-when-the-benefits-end/2014/02/11/e135d74a-8eb7-11e3-b227-12a45d109e03_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_588903562#3_833997532
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Title: How are America’s public schools really doing? - The Washington Post
Headings: How are America’s public schools really doing?
How are America’s public schools really doing?
By Jack Schneider
Content: Yet it is also notoriously difficult to answer. With nearly 100,000 schools spread across roughly 13,000 districts, the scale of the enterprise is beyond what any set of individuals can see and experience. Advertisement
Despite this challenge, one answer has emerged over the past 40 years: American schools are failing. Beginning with the “ Back to Basics ” movement of the 1970s and reaching a fever pitch with the 1983 publication of “ A Nation at Risk ,” rhetoric about public school performance grew progressively more negative until it hit its stride during the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) era. Today, pessimistic policy talk is now so standard as to constitute a form of truth. The crisis in public education is seemingly self-evident. Yet the emergence of this popular belief may illustrate the triumph of rhetoric rather than an actual shift in school quality. Consider, for instance, the steep decline of confidence in America’s public schools between the mid-1970s and the early 1980s, when very little substantive change actually took place inside classrooms. In 1975, 62 percent of respondents to a Gallup poll indicated that they had a “great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in America’s public schools.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2018/10/15/how-are-americas-public-schools-really-doing/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_592642848#0_840684317
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Title: Police shootings database 2015-2021 - Washington Post
Headings: 985
people have been shot and killed by police in the past year
985 people have been shot and killed by police in the past year
Rate of shootings remains steady
Black Americans are killed at a much higher rate than White Americans
Most victims are young, male
Shootings happen across the country
Search the database
The Post's reporting on fatal police shootings
Content: Police shootings database 2015-2021 - Washington Post
985 people have been shot and killed by police in the past year
In 2015, The Washington Post began to log every fatal shooting by an on-duty police officer in the United States. In that time there have been more than 5,000 such shootings recorded by The Post. Jump to the database
After Michael Brown, an unarmed Black man, was killed in 2014 by police in Ferguson, Mo., a Post investigation found that the FBI undercounted fatal police shootings by more than half. This is because reporting by police departments is voluntary and many departments fail to do so. The Post’s data relies primarily on news accounts, social media postings and police reports. Analysis of more than five years of data reveals that the number and circumstances of fatal shootings and the overall demographics of the victims have remained relatively constant. Rate of shootings remains steady
Despite the unpredictable events that lead to fatal shootings, police nationwide have shot and killed almost the same number of people annually — nearly 1,000 — since The Post began its project. Probability theory may offer an explanation. It holds that the quantity of rare events in huge populations tends to remain stable absent major societal changes, such as a fundamental shift in police culture or extreme restrictions on gun ownership. Black Americans are killed at a much higher rate than White Americans
Although half of the people shot and killed by police are White, Black Americans are shot at a disproportionate rate.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_592642848#3_840690344
|
Title: Police shootings database 2015-2021 - Washington Post
Headings: 985
people have been shot and killed by police in the past year
985 people have been shot and killed by police in the past year
Rate of shootings remains steady
Black Americans are killed at a much higher rate than White Americans
Most victims are young, male
Shootings happen across the country
Search the database
The Post's reporting on fatal police shootings
Content: Victims by age
Victims by gender
Shootings happen across the country
Police shootings have taken place in every state and have occurred more frequently in cities where populations are concentrated. States with the highest rates of shootings are New Mexico, Alaska and Oklahoma. Each circle on the map below marks the location of a deadly shooting. Shootings per million people
0
There are shootings with unverified locations that are not shown on the map. Search the database
This database contains records of every fatal shooting in the United States by a police officer in the line of duty since Jan. 1, 2015. It is updated regularly as fatal shootings are reported and as facts emerge about individual cases. Note: When filtering by weapon, victims armed with multiple weapons will appear in multiple categories. of
The Post's reporting on fatal police shootings
Months after a fatal police shooting, a young officer turns his gun on himself Dec. 19, 2018 Fatal police shootings of unarmed people have significantly declined, experts say May 7, 2018 Nationwide, police shot and killed nearly 1,000 people in 2017 Jan. 6, 2018 In two years, police killed 86 people brandishing guns that look real — but aren’t Dec. 18, 2016 In fatal shootings by police, 1 in 5 officers’ names go undisclosed April 1, 2016
About this story
The Washington Post's database contains records of every fatal shooting in the United States by a police officer in the line of duty since Jan. 1, 2015. In 2015, The Post began tracking more than a dozen details about each killing — including the race of the deceased, the circumstances of the shooting, whether the person was armed and whether the person was experiencing a mental-health crisis — by culling local news reports, law enforcement websites and social media, and by monitoring independent databases such as Killed by Police and Fatal Encounters.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_595685388#0_846375376
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Title: Why your kid should read banned books - The Washington Post
Headings: Why your kid should read banned books
Why your kid should read banned books
I don’t censor the books my children read. I think they’ll be stronger for it.
Content: Why your kid should read banned books - The Washington Post
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The Washington Post
Democracy Dies in Darkness
On Parenting
Perspective
close
Perspective Discussion of news topics with a point of view, including narratives by individuals regarding their own experiences
Why your kid should read banned books
(iStock)
By Regan McMahon
September 27, 2019 at 2:30 p.m. UTC
What do “ The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ,” “ The Catcher in the Rye ,” “ The Great Gatsby ,” “ Native Son ,” “ To Kill a Mockingbird ,” “ Fahrenheit 451 ” and “ The Adventures of Captain Underpants ” have in common? At one time or another, someone has tried to ban them from classrooms and public or school libraries. Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
The American Library Association launched Banned Books Week in 1982 to celebrate the freedom to read. Libraries, bookstores, publishers and teachers across the country use the week — this year it’s Sept. 22-28 — to highlight great books that people have banned and to spark a discussion about censorship. At Common Sense Media, we think reading banned books offers families a chance to celebrate reading and promotes open access to ideas, both of which are keys to raising a lifelong reader. Why do people ban books? Often it’s for religious or political reasons: An idea, a scene or a character in the book offends their religion, sense of morality or political view.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2019/09/27/why-your-kid-should-read-banned-books/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_595685388#1_846377385
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Title: Why your kid should read banned books - The Washington Post
Headings: Why your kid should read banned books
Why your kid should read banned books
I don’t censor the books my children read. I think they’ll be stronger for it.
Content: Libraries, bookstores, publishers and teachers across the country use the week — this year it’s Sept. 22-28 — to highlight great books that people have banned and to spark a discussion about censorship. At Common Sense Media, we think reading banned books offers families a chance to celebrate reading and promotes open access to ideas, both of which are keys to raising a lifelong reader. Why do people ban books? Often it’s for religious or political reasons: An idea, a scene or a character in the book offends their religion, sense of morality or political view. Some folks feel they need to protect children from the cursing, morally offensive behavior or racially insensitive language in a book. Or they think a book’s content is too violent or too sexual. I don’t censor the books my children read. I think they’ll be stronger for it. The Civil War novel “ The Red Badge of Courage ” has been banned for its graphic depictions of war.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2019/09/27/why-your-kid-should-read-banned-books/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_595685388#6_846384980
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Title: Why your kid should read banned books - The Washington Post
Headings: Why your kid should read banned books
Why your kid should read banned books
I don’t censor the books my children read. I think they’ll be stronger for it.
Content: Banned books often deal with subjects that are realistic, timely and topical. Young people may find a character going through exactly what they are, which makes it a powerful reading experience and helps the reader sort out thorny issues such as grief, divorce, sexual assault, bullying, prejudice and sexual identity. The compelling teen rebels story “ The Outsiders ” has been banned, yet many middle-schoolers cite it as the book that turned them into readers. Controversial books are a type of virtual reality. Exploring complex topics such as sexuality, violence, substance abuse, suicide and racism through well-drawn characters lets kids contemplate morality and vast aspects of the human condition, build empathy for people unlike themselves and possibly discover a mirror of their own experience. “ Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry ” is an eye-opening story of an African American family facing racism in 1930s Mississippi, yet it has been banned for having racial slurs. Story continues below advertisement
They’ll kick off a conversation. What did people find so disturbing in a book that they wanted to ban it, and to what extent was it a product of its time or did it defy social norms of its era? For example, the Harry Potter books were banned by people who felt they promoted magic. Reading a challenged book is a learning experience and can help your kids define their own values and opinions of its content.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2019/09/27/why-your-kid-should-read-banned-books/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_597562267#7_850758417
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Title: How biased are the media, really? - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: This means your chance of running into “news” that seems biased has increased exponentially, elevating the impression that “bias” is pervasive throughout all parts of the media. “There’s a kind of self-fulfilling perception to it,” said Robert Lichter, a pioneering media-bias researcher who heads the Center for Media and Public Affairs at George Mason University. “ Once people see something they don’t like, they notice things that reinforce the belief that there’s bias” in the media as a whole. l There are more watchdog groups focused on rooting out media bias. Long ago, a few watchdog groups, such as the conservative AIM (Accuracy in Media) and its more liberal counterpart FAIR (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting), kept an eye on reporters’ work. Nowadays, not just politicians criticize the media for their alleged bias; an entire cottage industry exists to highlight the media’s alleged failings. This includes ideological outfits such as Media Matters for America and the Media Research Center; the satirical “Daily Show” and “Colbert Report”; and blogs by the hundreds.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-biased-is-the-media-really/2012/04/27/gIQA9jYLmT_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_597562267#9_850760981
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Title: How biased are the media, really? - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: All that scrutiny of the press may suggests an inescapable conclusion: There’s something wrong with the news media. All the time. Journalists have gotten that message, too. “ Reporters have heard the criticism from the right so often that they lean over backwards to be fair to them,” said Eric Alterman, a journalist, college professor and the author of the best-selling “ What Liberal Media? The Truth About Bias and the News .” l In the public’s mind, “the news media” encompasses the kitchen sink. Few people make a distinction between news reporting — which attempts to play it straight — and opinion-mongering, which is designed to provoke and persuade. Tellingly, when asked what they think of when they hear the phrase “news organization,” the majority of respondents (63 percent) in Pew’s news-bias survey cited “cable news,” and specifically Fox News and CNN. But while cable news networks do some straightforward reporting, their most popular programs, by far, are those in which opinionated hosts ask opinionated guests to sling opinions about the day’s news.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-biased-is-the-media-really/2012/04/27/gIQA9jYLmT_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_597562267#10_850762447
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Title: How biased are the media, really? - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: The Truth About Bias and the News .” l In the public’s mind, “the news media” encompasses the kitchen sink. Few people make a distinction between news reporting — which attempts to play it straight — and opinion-mongering, which is designed to provoke and persuade. Tellingly, when asked what they think of when they hear the phrase “news organization,” the majority of respondents (63 percent) in Pew’s news-bias survey cited “cable news,” and specifically Fox News and CNN. But while cable news networks do some straightforward reporting, their most popular programs, by far, are those in which opinionated hosts ask opinionated guests to sling opinions about the day’s news. “A big part of the conversation on cable is [people] telling you how the rest of the media is getting the story wrong,” said Mark Jurkowitz, a former press critic and newspaper ombudsman who is now associate director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism, a Washington-based research group affiliated with Pew. That, he noted, is likely to sow more doubt about the media’s integrity or accuracy. Of course, reporters have helped blur the very lines they want the public to respect, Lichter said, by writing up news stories and then appearing on TV or going on social media to tell people what to think about their stories. “The modern way [for journalists] is to be edgy and opinionated and to call attention to yourself,” Lichter said. l We know more and can second-guess.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-biased-is-the-media-really/2012/04/27/gIQA9jYLmT_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_597562267#11_850764305
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Title: How biased are the media, really? - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: “A big part of the conversation on cable is [people] telling you how the rest of the media is getting the story wrong,” said Mark Jurkowitz, a former press critic and newspaper ombudsman who is now associate director of the Project for Excellence in Journalism, a Washington-based research group affiliated with Pew. That, he noted, is likely to sow more doubt about the media’s integrity or accuracy. Of course, reporters have helped blur the very lines they want the public to respect, Lichter said, by writing up news stories and then appearing on TV or going on social media to tell people what to think about their stories. “The modern way [for journalists] is to be edgy and opinionated and to call attention to yourself,” Lichter said. l We know more and can second-guess. Thanks to technology, people have more access to more sources of news than before. Which means they can check several accounts of the same event. This can create its own kind of suspicion; savvy readers often ask reporters why they ignored or played down facts that another reporter emphasized. l People believe their preferred news sources are objective and fair, while the other guy’s are biased.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-biased-is-the-media-really/2012/04/27/gIQA9jYLmT_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_598448863#2_852774068
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Title: Do you know how much sugar is in your ketchup? - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: And what if they were eating fries with their dinner, or some other side dish that also begs for ketchup? Their two or three tablespoons of ketchup would surely climb up to four or even five. Would I ever serve six chocolate chip cookies as a topping to their meal? Not a chance, yet the amounts of sugar in that serving of ketchup and those cookies are pretty similar. Ketchup used to come in glass bottles. The plastic bottles probably replaced the glass ones because of the cost — or maybe to appease consumers who complained that ketchup took too long to pour. I much prefer the glass. When my boys are hungry, they don’t have the patience to wait, so they use a lot less. The squeeze bottle ensures way too much comes out way too fast. Back in the ’80s, the Reagan administration proposed counting ketchup as a vegetable in school lunches.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/do-you-know-how-much-sugar-is-in-your-ketchup/2015/06/02/9496b77e-fe5f-11e4-833c-a2de05b6b2a4_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_599500684#14_855287499
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Title: Enabler or family defender? How Hillary Clinton responded to husband’s accusers - The Washington Post
Headings:
Questions during Senate run
Content: Asked on “Good Morning America” if her husband had been truthful, she said, “I know he has.” A former White House aide who spoke on the conditions of anonymity to talk about private discussions said Hillary Clinton blamed the scandal on political enemies and insisted that privacy was sacred. Bill Clinton admitted his untruthfulness in August 1998. First lady Hillary Clinton talks with "The Today Show" host Matt Lauer in a 1998 interview. Clinton responded to questions about her husband's alleged affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. ( Agence France-Presse)
Hillary Clinton wrote in her autobiography that her husband claimed Lewinsky had misinterpreted his attention. “ It was such a familiar scenario that I had little trouble believing the accusations were groundless,” she wrote. A chill fell over the White House as the truth about Lewinsky emerged, former staffers and friends said. “She had to do what she had always done before: swallow her doubts, stand by her man and savage his enemies,” Stephanopoulos wrote, describing Hillary Clinton’s reaction.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/enabler-or-family-defender-how-hillary-clinton-responded-to-husbands-accusers/2016/09/28/58dad5d4-6fb1-11e6-8533-6b0b0ded0253_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_599657717#12_855653222
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Title: What happened to the migrant children separated from their parents by the Trump administration? - The Washington Post
Headings: Still separated: Nearly 500 migrant children taken from their parents remain in U.S. custody
Still separated: Nearly 500 migrant children taken from their parents remain in U.S. custody
Content: Some deported parents have told the government they want their children to pursue their immigration cases in the United States, because they think the youths will be safer and have a better future here. That number rose from 139 last week to 167 in this week’s filings. At an immigration detention center in El Paso, a 38-year-old Guatemalan woman whom Connell represents is wrestling with that choice. She fled gang violence with her teenage son, who is being held in a shelter in Brownsville. But she failed her initial asylum interview, partly because she was traumatized by the separation from her son, Connell said. On Friday, Connell said her client was told she will have a new asylum interview next week. If she does not prevail, she may leave her teenage son in the United States, where he could live with her ex-husband. Stricter vetting means more time in custody for migrant youth
The Trump administration says dozens of separated children have made clear to immigration judges that they want to return home to their deported parents, but immigration officials have been delayed in sending them because of a court order barring deportations of children involved in litigation over the forced separations. The government is asking Sabraw to make clear that officials do not need additional court permission to allow such children to leave voluntarily. Advertisement
At the same time, the ACLU says it continues to investigate reports that some parents were coerced int
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/immigration/still-separated-nearly-500-separated-migrant-children-remain-in-us-custody/2018/08/30/6dbd8278-aa09-11e8-8a0c-70b618c98d3c_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600773610#16_858209588
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Title: The strange seasonality of violence: Why April is ‘the beginning of the killing season’ - The Washington Post
Headings:
Obsessed with Hitler
Content: The weather connection
There are no indications that the Tsarnaev brothers were particularly interested in April. They apparently wanted an event where tens of thousands of people would be outside, which generally is not the case during Boston winters. But that raises yet another question about April attacks: Is weather a factor? Experts say yes, but not because more potential victims are outside after the long winter. They point to data showing that suicides, often thought to occur mostly in the dreary, socially isolating winter months, actually spike in the spring, starting in April. There is debate about why, although the prevailing explanation is that the increase in sunlight improves mood and energy just enough for suicidal people to make plans and follow through. “They can muster the energy to do something,” said Lankford, the Alabama professor. The timing of the suicidal spike is important, experts say, because many mass shootings and other violent attacks are thought to be a form of suicide among the socially isolated. Harris and Klebold killed themselves.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-strange-seasonality-of-violence-why-april-is-the-beginning-of-the-killing-season/2016/04/03/4e05d092-f6c0-11e5-9804-537defcc3cf6_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600773610#17_858211149
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Title: The strange seasonality of violence: Why April is ‘the beginning of the killing season’ - The Washington Post
Headings:
Obsessed with Hitler
Content: They point to data showing that suicides, often thought to occur mostly in the dreary, socially isolating winter months, actually spike in the spring, starting in April. There is debate about why, although the prevailing explanation is that the increase in sunlight improves mood and energy just enough for suicidal people to make plans and follow through. “They can muster the energy to do something,” said Lankford, the Alabama professor. The timing of the suicidal spike is important, experts say, because many mass shootings and other violent attacks are thought to be a form of suicide among the socially isolated. Harris and Klebold killed themselves. Cho, the Virginia Tech shooter, killed himself. In April 2009, Jiverly Antares Wong killed himself after fatally shooting 13 people at an immigration center in Upstate New York. “You have these people coming out of hibernation from the winter with all their anger peaked and ready to go,” Lankford said, adding that their rage may build as they see people out having fun together in groups. “ That highlights the discrepancies between those who are socially healthy and those who aren’t.” Experts on school shootings think that spring’s relationship to suicidology could offer another explanation — besides Columbine — for why so many of those incidents happen after the winter.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-strange-seasonality-of-violence-why-april-is-the-beginning-of-the-killing-season/2016/04/03/4e05d092-f6c0-11e5-9804-537defcc3cf6_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600773610#18_858213005
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Title: The strange seasonality of violence: Why April is ‘the beginning of the killing season’ - The Washington Post
Headings:
Obsessed with Hitler
Content: Cho, the Virginia Tech shooter, killed himself. In April 2009, Jiverly Antares Wong killed himself after fatally shooting 13 people at an immigration center in Upstate New York. “You have these people coming out of hibernation from the winter with all their anger peaked and ready to go,” Lankford said, adding that their rage may build as they see people out having fun together in groups. “ That highlights the discrepancies between those who are socially healthy and those who aren’t.” Experts on school shootings think that spring’s relationship to suicidology could offer another explanation — besides Columbine — for why so many of those incidents happen after the winter. Langman’s research shows that 46 percent of school shootings end in suicides, with the deadliest events occurring in spring. There were eight school shootings in April last year, the most of any month, according to a database maintained by Everytown for Gun Safety. Just getting toward the end of the school year could also play a role, with stress at its high
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/the-strange-seasonality-of-violence-why-april-is-the-beginning-of-the-killing-season/2016/04/03/4e05d092-f6c0-11e5-9804-537defcc3cf6_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600882681#0_858423056
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Title: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
Headings: Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing's responsiveness, oversight under scrutiny
Falsified certifications
A threat to a 'story of success'
Content: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
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The Washington Post
Democracy Dies in Darkness
Transportation
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Several Boeing 777 aircraft were in various stages of production during a media tour of the firm’s facility in Everett, Wash., in February. ( Lindsey Wasson/Reuters)
By
Michael Laris
June 27, 2019 at 11:00 a.m. UTC
Years before two Boeing 737 Max jets crashed in Indonesia and Ethiopia, U.S. regulators found a pattern of recurring safety problems with the manufacturing giant. During a trip to Japan in 2015, an auditor with the Federal Aviation Administration discovered a Boeing subcontractor was falsifying certifications on cargo doors for hundreds of 777s and had been doing so for years, according to interviews and government documents. Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
Back in the United States, Boeing mechanics were leaving tools inside plane wings, precariously close to the cables that control their movements. Workers also were improperly installing wires in 787s, which could increase the risk of shorts or fires, FAA officials found. Story continues below advertisement
Repeatedly, safety lapses were identified, and Boeing would agree to fix them, then fail to do so, the FAA said. The agency launched or was considering more than a dozen legal enforcement cases against the company for failing to comply with safety regulations, a review of FAA records shows, with fines that could have totaled tens of millions of dollars. Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg said April 29 that the airplane manufacturer was making “progress” toward getting approval for new software in its 737 Max planes. (
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/long-before-the-max-disasters-boeing-had-a-history-of-failing-to-fix-safety-problems/2019/06/26/b4f5f720-86ee-11e9-a870-b9c411dc4312_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600882681#1_858425646
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Title: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
Headings: Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing's responsiveness, oversight under scrutiny
Falsified certifications
A threat to a 'story of success'
Content: arrow-right
Back in the United States, Boeing mechanics were leaving tools inside plane wings, precariously close to the cables that control their movements. Workers also were improperly installing wires in 787s, which could increase the risk of shorts or fires, FAA officials found. Story continues below advertisement
Repeatedly, safety lapses were identified, and Boeing would agree to fix them, then fail to do so, the FAA said. The agency launched or was considering more than a dozen legal enforcement cases against the company for failing to comply with safety regulations, a review of FAA records shows, with fines that could have totaled tens of millions of dollars. Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg said April 29 that the airplane manufacturer was making “progress” toward getting approval for new software in its 737 Max planes. ( Reuters)
So FAA officials tried a new approach. Rather than pursue each violation separately, agency officials bundled them together and negotiated a broader deal. Advertisement
“The thinking was, get everything wrapped into one case since we’re trying to address a bunch of broader systemic issues anyway,” said an FAA official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations. With its ties in Washington, Boeing has taken over more and more of the FAA’s job
As Boeing faces intense scrutiny over back-to-back crashes of its 737 Max jet, documents and interviews show that the company had safety problems known to federal regulators for years. Story continues below advertisement
In 2015, the FAA decided to try to get Boeing to meet, then go beyond, federal safety requirements by addressing broader corporate culture and governance issues, including what agency officials considered a lack of transparency.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/long-before-the-max-disasters-boeing-had-a-history-of-failing-to-fix-safety-problems/2019/06/26/b4f5f720-86ee-11e9-a870-b9c411dc4312_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600882681#2_858428217
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Title: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
Headings: Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing's responsiveness, oversight under scrutiny
Falsified certifications
A threat to a 'story of success'
Content: Reuters)
So FAA officials tried a new approach. Rather than pursue each violation separately, agency officials bundled them together and negotiated a broader deal. Advertisement
“The thinking was, get everything wrapped into one case since we’re trying to address a bunch of broader systemic issues anyway,” said an FAA official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations. With its ties in Washington, Boeing has taken over more and more of the FAA’s job
As Boeing faces intense scrutiny over back-to-back crashes of its 737 Max jet, documents and interviews show that the company had safety problems known to federal regulators for years. Story continues below advertisement
In 2015, the FAA decided to try to get Boeing to meet, then go beyond, federal safety requirements by addressing broader corporate culture and governance issues, including what agency officials considered a lack of transparency. The week before Christmas of that year, Boeing and the FAA signed a five-year settlement agreement that was unprecedented in scope. The company paid a modest $12 million penalty, but it agreed to make significant changes in its internal safety systems and practices for “ensuring compliance” with regulations. Advertisement
In the days after the agreement was signed, top U.S. officials cast it as a powerful reminder that every company, no matter its size, must comply with minimum safety standards. But Boeing’s profits after signing the deal topped $20 billion by the end of September 2018, making the company’s $12 million penalty easy to gloss over despite occasional press reports of the firm’s shortcomings. Then a Lion Air 737 Max plunged into the Java Sea on Oct. 29.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/long-before-the-max-disasters-boeing-had-a-history-of-failing-to-fix-safety-problems/2019/06/26/b4f5f720-86ee-11e9-a870-b9c411dc4312_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600882681#3_858430742
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Title: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
Headings: Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing's responsiveness, oversight under scrutiny
Falsified certifications
A threat to a 'story of success'
Content: The week before Christmas of that year, Boeing and the FAA signed a five-year settlement agreement that was unprecedented in scope. The company paid a modest $12 million penalty, but it agreed to make significant changes in its internal safety systems and practices for “ensuring compliance” with regulations. Advertisement
In the days after the agreement was signed, top U.S. officials cast it as a powerful reminder that every company, no matter its size, must comply with minimum safety standards. But Boeing’s profits after signing the deal topped $20 billion by the end of September 2018, making the company’s $12 million penalty easy to gloss over despite occasional press reports of the firm’s shortcomings. Then a Lion Air 737 Max plunged into the Java Sea on Oct. 29. It was the first of two tragedies that led many to question the soundness of the Boeing aircraft and the company’s approach to safety. Story continues below advertisement
And it injected the largely overlooked government settlement with a new urgency — as a means of tracking company failures identified by the FAA, illuminating Boeing’s relationship with its regulators, and potentially forcing new safety improvements as investigators probe what was behind the two Max crashes. Advertisement
Among its commitments under the deal, Boeing agreed to greatly expand its use of an internal tool meant to help determine the root causes of its safety problems and make sure they get fixed and stay that way. In response to FAA findings that Boeing was often late or incomplete with its required safety submissions, the company also agreed in 2015 to take various remedial steps and be more responsive. Story continues below advertisement
But over the first 3½ years of the agreement, Boeing failed to meet some of its obligations, according to two people who requested anonymity to discuss details of the settlement.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/long-before-the-max-disasters-boeing-had-a-history-of-failing-to-fix-safety-problems/2019/06/26/b4f5f720-86ee-11e9-a870-b9c411dc4312_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600882681#4_858433442
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Title: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
Headings: Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing's responsiveness, oversight under scrutiny
Falsified certifications
A threat to a 'story of success'
Content: It was the first of two tragedies that led many to question the soundness of the Boeing aircraft and the company’s approach to safety. Story continues below advertisement
And it injected the largely overlooked government settlement with a new urgency — as a means of tracking company failures identified by the FAA, illuminating Boeing’s relationship with its regulators, and potentially forcing new safety improvements as investigators probe what was behind the two Max crashes. Advertisement
Among its commitments under the deal, Boeing agreed to greatly expand its use of an internal tool meant to help determine the root causes of its safety problems and make sure they get fixed and stay that way. In response to FAA findings that Boeing was often late or incomplete with its required safety submissions, the company also agreed in 2015 to take various remedial steps and be more responsive. Story continues below advertisement
But over the first 3½ years of the agreement, Boeing failed to meet some of its obligations, according to two people who requested anonymity to discuss details of the settlement. Boeing says it has taken major steps to comply. The FAA, meanwhile, last year chose not to invoke enforcement provisions that could have meant $12 million in additional penalties for the company. The agreement runs through Dec. 31, 2020, and there is the potential for more financial penalties if Boeing fails to meet the requirements. Advertisement
As investigations continue into Boeing and the FAA over the safety certification of the 737 Max and the two crashes that killed 346 people, regulators and others are scrutinizing whether there are echoes of the persistent problems that prompted the 2015 agreement. Story continues below advertisement
An FAA official said it is too early to establish a connection between the probes and specific concerns addressed in the settlement.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/long-before-the-max-disasters-boeing-had-a-history-of-failing-to-fix-safety-problems/2019/06/26/b4f5f720-86ee-11e9-a870-b9c411dc4312_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600882681#5_858436125
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Title: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
Headings: Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing's responsiveness, oversight under scrutiny
Falsified certifications
A threat to a 'story of success'
Content: Boeing says it has taken major steps to comply. The FAA, meanwhile, last year chose not to invoke enforcement provisions that could have meant $12 million in additional penalties for the company. The agreement runs through Dec. 31, 2020, and there is the potential for more financial penalties if Boeing fails to meet the requirements. Advertisement
As investigations continue into Boeing and the FAA over the safety certification of the 737 Max and the two crashes that killed 346 people, regulators and others are scrutinizing whether there are echoes of the persistent problems that prompted the 2015 agreement. Story continues below advertisement
An FAA official said it is too early to establish a connection between the probes and specific concerns addressed in the settlement. But the official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss ongoing matters with Boeing, said that “if we learn something, we’ll obviously go back and address that.” 'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing’s inability to rid its newly built planes of what it calls “Foreign Object Debris,” such as tools left behind, was one of the problems that prompted the settlement. But an FAA official said the company is still struggling with the issue, and a top Air Force official told Congress the government temporarily halted deliveries of Boeing tankers earlier this year over “FOD” problems. European pilots say FAA, Boeing moving too fast toward lifting 737 Max ban
The company committed to improving the quality and timeliness of information it provides to the FAA. But in the case of the 737 Max, the FAA said, it took Boeing more than a year to notify it about a software problem that disabled a crucial warning light connected to the automated system at the center of the tragedies.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/long-before-the-max-disasters-boeing-had-a-history-of-failing-to-fix-safety-problems/2019/06/26/b4f5f720-86ee-11e9-a870-b9c411dc4312_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_600882681#6_858438708
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Title: Boeing's history of safety problems started long before the 737 Max crashes - The Washington Post
Headings: Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
Long before the Max disasters, Boeing had a history of failing to fix safety problems
'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing's responsiveness, oversight under scrutiny
Falsified certifications
A threat to a 'story of success'
Content: But the official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss ongoing matters with Boeing, said that “if we learn something, we’ll obviously go back and address that.” 'Failures of corrective action'
Boeing’s inability to rid its newly built planes of what it calls “Foreign Object Debris,” such as tools left behind, was one of the problems that prompted the settlement. But an FAA official said the company is still struggling with the issue, and a top Air Force official told Congress the government temporarily halted deliveries of Boeing tankers earlier this year over “FOD” problems. European pilots say FAA, Boeing moving too fast toward lifting 737 Max ban
The company committed to improving the quality and timeliness of information it provides to the FAA. But in the case of the 737 Max, the FAA said, it took Boeing more than a year to notify it about a software problem that disabled a crucial warning light connected to the automated system at the center of the tragedies. Advertisement
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Most of the cases that sparked the settlement talks involved “apparent failures of corrective action,” according to the agreement — meaning Boeing wasn’t implementing promised fixes or problems were reoccurring. For example, before the 2015 agreement, Boeing workers kept failing to insert “lock wires” into holes in bolts used to build planes, according to the FAA. The wires are akin to the twist-ties of industrial manufacturing, and they serve as a backup so bolts or other fasteners can’t come loose, allowing critical parts to detach in the rumble of flight. Whether because of problems with training, sloppiness or employees rushing to meet commercial deadlines, the FAA found Boeing failed to sufficiently correct the problem in the period before the settlement. Story continues below advertisement
In addition, special decompression panels — meant to prevent a sudden change in pressure from collapsing the floor beneath passengers — had been improperly installed, and “corrective actions” weren’t sufficient.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/long-before-the-max-disasters-boeing-had-a-history-of-failing-to-fix-safety-problems/2019/06/26/b4f5f720-86ee-11e9-a870-b9c411dc4312_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_602293090#5_861635721
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Title: Peter Strzok writes in 'Compromised' that FBI pondered whether Trump was 'a Manchurian candidate elected' - The Washington Post
Headings: FBI pondered whether Trump was ‘a Manchurian candidate elected,’ former agent alleges in new book
FBI pondered whether Trump was ‘a Manchurian candidate elected,’ former agent alleges in new book
Content: His book seeks to pull back the curtain on that case as well, contrasting it with the investigation into Trump. FBI’s Peter Strzok told Congress election tampering was a ‘far graver threat’ than Clinton email scandal, new transcript says
Strzok writes that he now believes it was the wrong decision for Comey to announce publicly in July 2016, just months ahead of the election, that he was recommending Clinton not be charged while criticizing her conduct. He talks, too, of institutional bias against the former Democratic presidential candidate, claiming a retired executive — whom he did not name in the book — said at lunch one day, “Pete, you’ve got to get that b----.” Advertisement
Strzok’s view, though, is that the investigation into Clinton was a far less serious matter than the inquiry into Trump. Story continues below advertisement
Even as he says Clinton’s use of a private server is what fueled investigators’ interest, Strzok allows that had her email been housed on the State Department system, “it would have been less secure and probably much more vulnerable to hacking.” He also concedes that Comey’s decision in October 2016 to reveal to Congress that the investigation had resumed — less than two weeks before voters were to go to the polls — probably altered the results of the election in Trump’s favor. “Reflecting back on 2016 reveals another hard truth: small margins matter in an election in which the total number of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Michigan voters needed to swing the Electoral College would fit in one football stadium,” Strzok writes. “ Pundits who argue that it’s hard to substantively change public opinion miss the point: when you’re dealing with razor-thin margins, it doesn’t take much to move the needle.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/peter-strzok-compromised-book-trump-russia/2020/09/04/33f60328-ee93-11ea-99a1-71343d03bc29_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_603632696#5_864709131
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Title: Why eating late at night may be particularly bad for you and your diet - The Washington Post
Headings:
Cold turkey is no way to curb late eating
Content: (Alex Gumerov/iStock)
“There are still many questions to answer,” Garaulet says, and further study should focus on “clock” genes in fat tissue that can affect metabolism. She is exploring what happens if you eat at the wrong time for your body-fat clock — i.e., at a time when your fat tissue is not ready for it. “ It could be that if you eat late, then the capability your body has to mobilize [and burn] fat is lower because it’s not the right time,” Garaulet says. Dining like kings
Most Americans spurn the adage to “eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper.” U.S. adults consume 17 percent of their day’s calories at breakfast, 24 percent at lunch and 34 percent at dinner, according to the USDA’s “What we eat in America” survey. But why? It may be the pace of work life, which leaves room for little more than a quick breakfast and lunch during the typical weekday. But circadian rhythms — the internal body clock that regulates sleep and other cycles based on light and darkness — may also be a factor. In a small study published in 2013, a group of non-obese adults stayed in a dimly lit area for 13 days, got plenty of sleep and consumed identical meals at even intervals throughout 24-hour periods. Despite that regularity, they still reported being substantially hungrier at 8 p.m., than they were at 8 a.m. They also had more cravings for sweet, salty and starchy foods in the evening.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/why-eating-late-at-night-may-be-particularly-bad-for-you-and-your-diet/2015/08/24/ad8b85ac-2583-11e5-b77f-eb13a215f593_story.html
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Title: Psychologists seek authority to prescribe psychotropic medications - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: Psychologists seek authority to prescribe psychotropic medications - The Washington Post
Correction: An earlier version of this article referred to research that may be out of date. That reference has been removed. By Michelle Andrews
March 21, 2011
In any given year, more than a quarter of U.S. adults have a diagnosable mental health problem — from depression to bipolar disorder — yet fewer than half get any kind of treatment for it. The figures are similar for children. Many who do receive care get it through their primary-care physician rather than a mental health professional like a psychiatrist or psychologist. That’s partly by choice: People prefer to talk to someone they know and trust about medical problems, and for many, there’s still a stigma in seeing a “shrink.” But part of the reason people turn to their primary-care doctors or go without care is that it can be tough to get an appointment with a mental health expert. Psychiatrists, in particular, are in short supply, especially in rural areas.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/psychologists-seek-authority-to-prescribe-psychotropic-medications-/2011/03/17/ABosOH8_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_603899926#1_865174896
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Title: Psychologists seek authority to prescribe psychotropic medications - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: Many who do receive care get it through their primary-care physician rather than a mental health professional like a psychiatrist or psychologist. That’s partly by choice: People prefer to talk to someone they know and trust about medical problems, and for many, there’s still a stigma in seeing a “shrink.” But part of the reason people turn to their primary-care doctors or go without care is that it can be tough to get an appointment with a mental health expert. Psychiatrists, in particular, are in short supply, especially in rural areas. A recent survey conducted for the Tennessee Psychological Association, for example, found that the average wait to see a psychiatrist for a non-emergency appointment was 54 days for patients with private health insurance and 90 days for those covered by TennCare, the state’s Medicaid program, says Lance Laurence, director of professional affairs for the TPA. “It’s a huge access issue,” says Katherine Nordal, executive director for professional practice at the American Psychological Association, a trade group for psychologists. Psychologists say they have a solution to help address the access problems: Give them more authority to prescribe psychotropic medications. They can already prescribe in New Mexico and Louisiana, as well as in all branches of the military and the Indian Health Service.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/psychologists-seek-authority-to-prescribe-psychotropic-medications-/2011/03/17/ABosOH8_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_603899926#5_865181769
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Title: Psychologists seek authority to prescribe psychotropic medications - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: Health insurance generally covers prescription drugs to treat mental illness, but coverage for therapy sessions with a mental health provider is less routine. This has resulted in an over-reliance on drug therapy in recent years, all agree. Experts say this imbalance should change under the Mental Health Parity Act, which took effect last year; it requires mental health benefits, if offered, to be at least as generous as benefits for medical and surgical care. Even if the type of treatment shifts somewhat, however, many patients will still need drug therapy. Physician groups such as the American Medical Association and some patient advocacy groups, however, are cool to the idea of letting psychologists prescribe drugs. “ These are serious drugs with serious side effects,” says Mike Fitzpatrick, executive director of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, a consumer advocacy organization. “ We feel strongly that [prescribing] should be handled by someone with medical training.” The problem is likely to become more acute with an estimated 32 million people expected to gain health insurance under the health-care overhaul law. The Association of American Medical Colleges projects a shortage of 45,000 primary-care physicians alone by 2020.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/psychologists-seek-authority-to-prescribe-psychotropic-medications-/2011/03/17/ABosOH8_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_603899926#6_865183420
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Title: Psychologists seek authority to prescribe psychotropic medications - The Washington Post
Headings:
Content: Physician groups such as the American Medical Association and some patient advocacy groups, however, are cool to the idea of letting psychologists prescribe drugs. “ These are serious drugs with serious side effects,” says Mike Fitzpatrick, executive director of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, a consumer advocacy organization. “ We feel strongly that [prescribing] should be handled by someone with medical training.” The problem is likely to become more acute with an estimated 32 million people expected to gain health insurance under the health-care overhaul law. The Association of American Medical Colleges projects a shortage of 45,000 primary-care physicians alone by 2020. Experts agree that solutions lie in better integration between primary care and mental health care. This makes sense in part because for more than a third of patients with mental health problems, the only practitioner they see is a primary-care provider. In addition, people with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease and asthma are significantly more likely to have mental health problems than those without chronic illness. People with serious mental illness, in fact, die 25 years sooner, on average, than the rest of the population. The health-care overhaul, with its emphasis on medical homes and accountable care organizations that take responsibility for managing a patient’s health rather than just providing medical services, offers promising models for integration, experts agree.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/psychologists-seek-authority-to-prescribe-psychotropic-medications-/2011/03/17/ABosOH8_story.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604138095#0_865653515
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Title: What American pop culture tells the world - The Washington Post
Headings: What American pop culture tells the world
Act Four
What American pop culture tells the world
Content: What American pop culture tells the world - The Washington Post
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The Washington Post
Democracy Dies in Darkness
Act Four
What American pop culture tells the world
Police officers arrest a pro-democracy protester carrying a “Captain America” shield in Hong Kong in October. ( Alex Hoff/European Pressphoto Agency)
By
Alyssa Rosenberg
Dec. 2, 2014 at 3:37 p.m. UTC
I’m leaving the office shortly to give a talk about the successes and failures of American popular culture to a group of Chinese officials at the Wilson Center. That is a tall order for a 15-minute speech, though I imagine the question-and-answer session will be lively. But in attempting to pare down my speech to a few essential points, I found myself mulling over a question I had not considered in quite this way before. As American pop culture gets more niche-oriented at home, representing more kinds of people and telling a wider range of stories, how well does the portrait of our country that appears in the culture we consume match the American idea we are exporting overseas through our movies, television and books? I am curious about this in part because the movie industry pitches itself as a tremendous exporter of American values. As Motion Picture Association of America chief executive Chris Dodd put it in an opinion piece he published this year, “The movies and television shows we create … often serve as de facto U.S. ambassadors to the world. For many people, their first exposure to our nation has come through watching a film or television show. With themes of free expression and America as a land of opportunity, these films and TV shows have played at least a small role in the decision of many to seek our shores.” Support our journalism.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/12/02/what-american-pop-culture-tells-the-world/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604319596#1_866113309
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Title: Washington Post
Headings: At Trump’s inauguration, Franklin Graham, Cardinal Dolan and four more clergy will pray
At Trump’s inauguration, Franklin Graham, Cardinal Dolan and four more clergy will pray
Content: arrow-right
The choice of clergy members to speak at previous inaugurations has drawn criticism, including Barack Obama’s choice of Pastor Rick Warren in 2008 because of Warren’s anti-gay-marriage stance. Trump’s inaugural committee chose some clergy members, including Jackson and White, who were associated with Trump during his campaign, as well as others like Rodriguez, who spoke out against Trump’s views on immigration and other issues of importance to his Hispanic Christian community. ‘God is not against building walls!’ The sermon Donald Trump heard before his inauguration. “It’s a particular honor that shows the greatness of America,” said Hier, the first rabbi chosen for an inauguration since Ronald Reagan’s second inauguration in 1985. When Hier’s selection was announced Wednesday, he mused about what his parents — who fled anti-Semitism in Poland and moved to America before the Holocaust — would think about his role. “ Whatever you turn to in the Torah, one can find connections and relevance to whatever period of history human beings live in. So that’s not going to be a challenge.” Advertisement
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Trump chose more clergy than his predecessors, who since 1989 have picked just one or two people to pray at their inaugurations. Graham previously prayed at the inauguration of George W. Bush in 2001.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/12/28/franklin-graham-cardinal-dolan-and-four-more-clergy-members-will-pray-at-trumps-inauguration/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604319596#2_866115255
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Title: Washington Post
Headings: At Trump’s inauguration, Franklin Graham, Cardinal Dolan and four more clergy will pray
At Trump’s inauguration, Franklin Graham, Cardinal Dolan and four more clergy will pray
Content: When Hier’s selection was announced Wednesday, he mused about what his parents — who fled anti-Semitism in Poland and moved to America before the Holocaust — would think about his role. “ Whatever you turn to in the Torah, one can find connections and relevance to whatever period of history human beings live in. So that’s not going to be a challenge.” Advertisement
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Trump chose more clergy than his predecessors, who since 1989 have picked just one or two people to pray at their inaugurations. Graham previously prayed at the inauguration of George W. Bush in 2001. The son of famed evangelist Billy Graham who now runs the association named for his father and the charity Samaritan’s Purse, Graham defended Trump throughout his campaign against charges that the businessman went against Christian values. When many Republicans were expressing disgust in October over the release of a tape showing Trump speaking crudely about women on the set of Access Hollywood, Graham wrote on Facebook, “The crude comments made by Donald J. Trump more than 11 years ago cannot be defended. But the godless progressive agenda of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton likewise cannot be defended. . . .
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/12/28/franklin-graham-cardinal-dolan-and-four-more-clergy-members-will-pray-at-trumps-inauguration/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#0_866918645
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: Howard Gardner: ‘ Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
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Democracy Dies in Darkness
Answer Sheet
Howard Gardner: ‘ Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
By
Valerie Strauss
Oct. 16, 2013 at 8:00 a.m. UTC
The fields of psychology and education were revolutionized 30 years ago when the now world-renowned psychologist Howard Gardner published his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences ,” which detailed a new model of human intelligence that went beyond the traditional view that there was a single kind that could be measured by standardized tests. ( You can read his account of how he came up with the theory here .) Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly popular with K-12 educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not respond to traditional approaches, but over time, “multiple intelligences” somehow became synonymous with the concept of “learning styles.” In this important post, Gardner explains why the former is not the latter.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#1_866920599
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: Gardner’s theory initially listed seven intelligences which work together: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal and intrapersonal; he later added an eighth, naturalist intelligence and says there may be a few more. The theory became highly popular with K-12 educators around the world seeking ways to reach students who did not respond to traditional approaches, but over time, “multiple intelligences” somehow became synonymous with the concept of “learning styles.” In this important post, Gardner explains why the former is not the latter. Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
Gardner now teaches at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He is the author of numerous books on intelligence and creativity. His new book “ The App Generation ,” co-authored with Katie Davis, explains how life for young people today is different than before the dawn of the digital age, and will be published on Oct. 22 by Yale University Press.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#2_866922186
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
Gardner now teaches at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He is the author of numerous books on intelligence and creativity. His new book “ The App Generation ,” co-authored with Katie Davis, explains how life for young people today is different than before the dawn of the digital age, and will be published on Oct. 22 by Yale University Press. By Howard Gardner
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It’s been 30 years since I developed the notion of “multiple intelligences.” I have been gratified by the interest shown in this idea and the ways it’s been used in schools, museums, and businesses around the world. But one unanticipated consequence has driven me to distraction—and that’s the tendency of many people, including persons whom I cherish, to credit me with the notion of ‘learning styles’ or to collapse ‘multiple intelligences’ with ‘learning styles.’ It’s high time to relieve my pain and to set the record straight. First a word about “MI theory.”
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#5_866927968
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: Even before I spoke and wrote about “MI,” the term “learning styles” was being bandied about in educational circles. The idea, reasonable enough on the surface, is that all children (indeed, all of us) have distinctive minds and personalities. Accordingly, it makes sense to find out about learners and to teach and nurture them in ways that are appropriate, that they value, and—above all—that are effective. Advertisement
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Two problems. First, the notion of “learning styles”’ is itself not coherent. Those who use this term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are recognized/assessed/exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is ‘impulsive.” Does that mean that Johnny is “‘impulsive” about everything? How do we know this? What does this imply about teaching—should we teach “impulsively,” or should we compensate by “teaching reflectively?”
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#6_866929564
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: Those who use this term do not define the criteria for a style, nor where styles come from, how they are recognized/assessed/exploited. Say that Johnny is said to have a learning style that is ‘impulsive.” Does that mean that Johnny is “‘impulsive” about everything? How do we know this? What does this imply about teaching—should we teach “impulsively,” or should we compensate by “teaching reflectively?” What of a learning style that is “right-brained” or visual or tactile? Same issues apply. Problem #2. When researchers have tried to identify learning styles, teach consistently with those styles, and examine outcomes, there is not persuasive evidence that the learning style analysis produces more effective outcomes than a “one size fits all approach.” Of course, the learning style analysis might have been inadequate.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#11_866936454
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: But if reflectiveness truly obtains across the board, educators should take that style seriously. Senses: Sometimes people speak about a “visual” learner or an “auditory” learner. The implication is that some people learn through their eyes, others through their ears. This notion is incoherent. Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of entirely different cognitive faculties. Similarly, both music and speaking activate the ears, but again these are entirely different cognitive faculties. Recognizing this fact, the concept of intelligences does not focus on how linguistic or spatial information reaches the brain—via eyes, ears, hands, it doesn’t matter. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the intelligence, that acts upon that sensory information, once picked up. Advertisement
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These distinctions are consequential.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#12_866937951
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: Both spatial information and reading occur with the eyes, but they make use of entirely different cognitive faculties. Similarly, both music and speaking activate the ears, but again these are entirely different cognitive faculties. Recognizing this fact, the concept of intelligences does not focus on how linguistic or spatial information reaches the brain—via eyes, ears, hands, it doesn’t matter. What matters is the power of the mental computer, the intelligence, that acts upon that sensory information, once picked up. Advertisement
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These distinctions are consequential. My goal here is not to give a psychology or a physiology or a physics lesson but rather to make sure that we do not fool ourselves and, as important, that we do not short change our children. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or ‘a visual learner,’ that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst. In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604641167#13_866939805
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Title: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’ - The Washington Post
Headings: Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Howard Gardner: ‘Multiple intelligences’ are not ‘learning styles’
Content: My goal here is not to give a psychology or a physiology or a physics lesson but rather to make sure that we do not fool ourselves and, as important, that we do not short change our children. If people want to talk about ‘an impulsive style’ or ‘a visual learner,’ that’s their prerogative. But they should recognize that these labels may be unhelpful, at best, and ill-conceived at worst. In contrast, there is strong evidence that human beings have a range of intelligences and that strength (or weakness) in one intelligence does not predict strength (or weakness) in any other intelligences. All of us exhibit jagged profiles of intelligences. There are common sense ways of assessing our own intelligences, and if it seems appropriate, we can take a more formal test battery. And then, as teachers, parents, or self- assessors, we can decide how best to make use of this information. As an educator, I draw three primary lessons for educators: 1. Individualize your teaching as much as possible.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2013/10/16/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-are-not-learning-styles/
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Title: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t - The Washington Post
Headings: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
Brown and desegregation
Black student achievement and the achievement gap
Resource equality is not enough
Integration remains essential
Segregated neighborhoods lead to segregated schools
About the author
Endnotes
Content: Getting Accountability Right, and “Class and Schools: Using Social, Economic and Educational Reform to Close the Black-White Achievement Gap.” He was a national education writer for The New York Times as well. This appeared on the EPI blog. By Richard Rothstein
Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
May 17 is the 60 th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1954 decision that prohibited Southern states from segregating schools by race. The Brown decision annihilated the “separate but equal” rule, previously sanctioned by the Supreme Court in 1896, that permitted states and school districts to designate some schools “whites-only” and others “Negroes-only.” More important, by focusing the nation’s attention on subjugation of blacks, it helped fuel a wave of freedom rides, sit-ins, voter registration efforts, and other actions leading ultimately to civil rights legislation in the late 1950s and 1960s. But Brown was unsuccessful in its purported mission—to undo the school segregation that persists as a central feature of American public education today.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/04/24/how-after-60-years-brown-v-board-of-education-succeeded-and-didnt/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604769849#5_867140433
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Title: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t - The Washington Post
Headings: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
Brown and desegregation
Black student achievement and the achievement gap
Resource equality is not enough
Integration remains essential
Segregated neighborhoods lead to segregated schools
About the author
Endnotes
Content: full-service school health clinics; more skilled teachers; and smaller classes. Even with these added resources, students can rarely be successful in racially and economically isolated schools where remediation and discipline supplant regular instruction, excessive student mobility disrupts learning, involvement of more-educated parents is absent, and students lack adult and peer models of educational success. Schools remain segregated today because neighborhoods in which they are located are segregated. Raising achievement of low-income black children requires residential integration, from which school integration can follow. Education policy is housing policy. Federal requirements that communities must pursue residential integration have been unenforced, and federal programs to subsidize movement of low-income families to middle-class communities have been weak and ineffective. Correcting these policy shortcomings is essential if the promise of Brown is to be fulfilled. Brown and desegregation
Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court’s unanimous school desegregation decision whose 60 th anniversary we celebrate on May 17, had enormous impact.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/04/24/how-after-60-years-brown-v-board-of-education-succeeded-and-didnt/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604769849#7_867145009
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Title: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t - The Washington Post
Headings: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
Brown and desegregation
Black student achievement and the achievement gap
Resource equality is not enough
Integration remains essential
Segregated neighborhoods lead to segregated schools
About the author
Endnotes
Content: Its narrow result was to annihilate the “separate but equal” rule, previously sanctioned by the Supreme Court in 1896, that permitted states and school districts to designate some schools for “whites-only” and others for “Negroes-only.” 1
But more important, the Brown decision focused the nation’s attention on black subjugation in a fashion not seen since Radical Republicans attempted to reconstruct the South after the Civil War. Brown’s 1954 success in highlighting the nation’s racial caste system gave encouragement to a wave of freedom rides to desegregate interstate transportation, to national support for Rosa Parks’ determination to desegregate local buses and other public facilities, to lunch counter sit-ins to desegregate restaurants and other public accommodations, to heroic efforts to register African Americans in the Deep South to vote, and to confrontations over admission of African Americans to southern universities. It also spurred civil rights legislation in 1957, 1960, 1964, 1965, and 1968 that, in combination, undid the nation’s legal support for race-based status. None of this would have taken place without Brown. 2
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But Brown was unsuccessful in its purported mission—to undo the school segregation that persists as a modal characteristic of American public education today. When the Supreme Court handed down its decision on May 17, 1954, Thurgood Marshall, head of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF) and chief attorney for the plaintiffs, predicted that there would be “no organized resistance” to the Supreme Court’s order and that schools nationwide would be fully desegregated “in up to five years,” ensuring that black children throughout the nation would have educations that would gain them entry to skilled jobs and colleges on an equal basis with whites. 3
In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court where he spent the next 24 years in a fruitless struggle to prevent the perpetuation of school segregation, and indeed its exacerbation, after an initial rollback. Today, things are getting worse. The typical black student now attends a school where only 29 percent of his or her fellow students are white, down from 36 percent in 1980.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/04/24/how-after-60-years-brown-v-board-of-education-succeeded-and-didnt/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_604769849#13_867159037
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Title: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t - The Washington Post
Headings: How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
How, after 60 years, Brown v. Board of Education succeeded — and didn’t
Brown and desegregation
Black student achievement and the achievement gap
Resource equality is not enough
Integration remains essential
Segregated neighborhoods lead to segregated schools
About the author
Endnotes
Content: schools for whites had janitors while schools for blacks were cleaned by teachers and students themselves. High school vocational programs for whites included typing and bookkeeping, but high school vocational programs for blacks consisted of agriculture and home economics. 8 And so on. All that ended with Brown. Although not the intent of the Legal Defense Fund, Marshall, or the other plaintiff attorneys, the case did provoke Southern states to make schools for blacks and whites more nearly equal, if still largely separate. We are today considerably more knowledg
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/04/24/how-after-60-years-brown-v-board-of-education-succeeded-and-didnt/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605017528#7_867599279
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Title: Washington Post
Headings: Confirmed: Standardized testing has taken over our schools. But who’s to blame?
Confirmed: Standardized testing has taken over our schools. But who’s to blame?
Here are the full recommendations in the report:
Content: Really? Individual schools and teachers forced kids to take standardized tests? They passed laws or set up funding contests that required or promoted the use of of standardized test scores to evaluate teachers? For years now state and federal policymakers have known that kids are being saddled with too many mandated standardized tests. It wasn’t until teachers and parents and principals and superintendents began making strong waves that they finally started to agree. Blaming individual schools and teachers seems way beyond the point. The new report included preliminary recommendations that call for retaining current annual tests in core subjects but eliminating redundant or low-quality tests. The full recommendations are below. Here are the key findings taken from the report, which, again, will come as no surprise to many in the education community: Based on the Council’s survey of member districts, its analysis of district testing calendars, interviews, and its review and analysis of federal, state, and locally mandated assessments, this study found:
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/10/24/confirmed-standardized-testing-has-taken-over-our-schools-but-whos-to-blame/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605128816#3_867793905
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Title: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden. - The Washington Post
Headings: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Answer Sheet
Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Content: As our courts have reaffirmed, however, nothing in the First Amendment converts our public schools into religion-free zones, or requires all religious expression to be left behind at the schoolhouse door. While the government may not use schools to coerce the consciences of our students, or to convey official endorsement of religion, the government’s schools also may not discriminate against private religious expression during the school day. Schools are forbidden from initiating or sponsoring religious activities, including prayer, but religious groups are permitted to meet on school grounds after school, and students can pray to whatever or whomever they want at any time of day, as long as they do it privately and don’t try to force others to do the same. Religion can (and should) be a class subject — but not proselytized — in public schools, sacred music can be played in schools under certain circumstances, and schools can’t bar teachers or students from saying “Merry Christmas” to each other. Charles C. Haynes, vice president of the Newseum Institute and founding director of the Religious Freedom Center, wrote this a few years ago. It still stands. The claim that public schools are hostile to Christians may rev up caucusgoers in Iowa, but there’s only one problem: It isn’t true. Truth be told, students of all faiths are actually free to pray alone or in groups during the school day, as long as they don’t disrupt the school or interfere with the rights of others. Of course, the right to engage in voluntary prayer or religious discussion does not necessarily include the right to preach to a captive audience, like an assembly, or to compel other students to participate.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/12/24/can-students-pray-in-public-schools-can-teachers-say-merry-christmas-whats-allowed-and-forbidden/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605128816#5_867798586
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Title: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden. - The Washington Post
Headings: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Answer Sheet
Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Content: Visit public schools anywhere in America today and you’re likely to see kids praying around the flagpole, sharing their faith with classmates, reading scriptures in free time, forming religious clubs, and in other ways bringing God with them through the schoolhouse door each day. As for celebrating Christmas, students are free to say “Merry Christmas,” give Christmas messages to others, and organize Christmas devotionals in student Christian clubs. It’s true that some public school officials still misunderstand (or ignore) the First Amendment by censoring student religious expression that is protected under current law. But when challenged in court, they invariably lose. In fact, contrary to culture-war mythology, there is more student religious speech and practice in public schools today than at any time in the past 100 years. When politicians demonize the courts for banning God from schools, they count on public confusion about the First Amendment distinction between government speech promoting religion, which the establishment clause prohibits, and student speech promoting religion, which the free-exercise and free-speech clauses protect. The U.S. Supreme Court has never ruled that kids can’t pray in school. What the Court has done — and continues to do — is to strike down school-sponsored prayers and devotional exercises as violations of religious liberty. As a result of those decisions, school officials may not impose prayers, or organize prayer events, or turn the school auditorium into the local church for religious celebrations. Students, however, aren’t the government;
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/12/24/can-students-pray-in-public-schools-can-teachers-say-merry-christmas-whats-allowed-and-forbidden/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605128816#6_867800986
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Title: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden. - The Washington Post
Headings: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Answer Sheet
Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Content: When politicians demonize the courts for banning God from schools, they count on public confusion about the First Amendment distinction between government speech promoting religion, which the establishment clause prohibits, and student speech promoting religion, which the free-exercise and free-speech clauses protect. The U.S. Supreme Court has never ruled that kids can’t pray in school. What the Court has done — and continues to do — is to strike down school-sponsored prayers and devotional exercises as violations of religious liberty. As a result of those decisions, school officials may not impose prayers, or organize prayer events, or turn the school auditorium into the local church for religious celebrations. Students, however, aren’t the government; they can — and often do — openly pray and share their faith in public schools. And what about religious symbols? This is from Teaching Tolerance, a project of the nonprofit Southern Poverty Law Center: Is bringing religious symbols into public school classrooms ever OK? Many educators struggle with this question, afraid of tripping over the lines that protect our freedom of religion and separate church and state.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/12/24/can-students-pray-in-public-schools-can-teachers-say-merry-christmas-whats-allowed-and-forbidden/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605128816#7_867802953
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Title: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden. - The Washington Post
Headings: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Answer Sheet
Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Content: they can — and often do — openly pray and share their faith in public schools. And what about religious symbols? This is from Teaching Tolerance, a project of the nonprofit Southern Poverty Law Center: Is bringing religious symbols into public school classrooms ever OK? Many educators struggle with this question, afraid of tripping over the lines that protect our freedom of religion and separate church and state. We know the courts have interpreted the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to mean that public schools cannot promote religious or antireligious beliefs, yet we know that teachers can teach about religion as long as (a) the content is tied to academic objectives and (b) teachers do not attempt to indoctrinate students to a certain religious belief or nonbelief. But does that answer the question about religious symbols? Use symbols as instructional aids, not as permanent display or decoration. While still contested in some areas, permanent displays of religious symbols on public school property violate current interpretations of the Establishment Clause. The Ten Commandments, for example, are unarguably religious in nature.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/12/24/can-students-pray-in-public-schools-can-teachers-say-merry-christmas-whats-allowed-and-forbidden/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605128816#8_867804877
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Title: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden. - The Washington Post
Headings: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Answer Sheet
Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Content: We know the courts have interpreted the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to mean that public schools cannot promote religious or antireligious beliefs, yet we know that teachers can teach about religion as long as (a) the content is tied to academic objectives and (b) teachers do not attempt to indoctrinate students to a certain religious belief or nonbelief. But does that answer the question about religious symbols? Use symbols as instructional aids, not as permanent display or decoration. While still contested in some areas, permanent displays of religious symbols on public school property violate current interpretations of the Establishment Clause. The Ten Commandments, for example, are unarguably religious in nature. Their permanent display in public schools communicates an endorsement for Christianity — just as hanging a Star of David in a classroom could make it appear that the school favors Judaism. The Ten Commandments could, however, be temporarily displayed in a comparative literature classroom as an instructional aid in a lesson on the Bible as a literary source for other works. Instructional aids, in this context, are objects referenced during instruction to help students understand a particular religious heritage. Another example might be a Muslim prayer rug to illustrate the Islamic practice of Salah, or a poster about the Crusades in a history classroom depicting people holding crosses. The question of “display” versus instructional use can be especially complex in art and music classes.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/12/24/can-students-pray-in-public-schools-can-teachers-say-merry-christmas-whats-allowed-and-forbidden/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605128816#9_867807186
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Title: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden. - The Washington Post
Headings: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Answer Sheet
Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Content: Their permanent display in public schools communicates an endorsement for Christianity — just as hanging a Star of David in a classroom could make it appear that the school favors Judaism. The Ten Commandments could, however, be temporarily displayed in a comparative literature classroom as an instructional aid in a lesson on the Bible as a literary source for other works. Instructional aids, in this context, are objects referenced during instruction to help students understand a particular religious heritage. Another example might be a Muslim prayer rug to illustrate the Islamic practice of Salah, or a poster about the Crusades in a history classroom depicting people holding crosses. The question of “display” versus instructional use can be especially complex in art and music classes. Religious music and art can be included as part of classroom instruction, but it is the teacher’s responsibility to make the connection to academic content clear, to refrain from and confront any form of proselyting or denigration of the religion or the adherents of that religion, and to include art representing multiple religious and secular worldviews. Consider the Christmas tree. The Supreme Court has held that the Christmas tree is a secular symbol of the holiday season; therefore, the display of a Christmas tree in the school lobby, temporarily, does not violate the Establishment Clause. A Hanukkah menorah has also been determined to be a secular symbol and does not violate the Establishment Clause when displayed temporarily.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/12/24/can-students-pray-in-public-schools-can-teachers-say-merry-christmas-whats-allowed-and-forbidden/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_605128816#10_867809499
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Title: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden. - The Washington Post
Headings: Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Answer Sheet
Can students pray in public schools? Can teachers say ‘Merry Christmas’? What’s allowed — and what’s forbidden.
Content: Religious music and art can be included as part of classroom instruction, but it is the teacher’s responsibility to make the connection to academic content clear, to refrain from and confront any form of proselyting or denigration of the religion or the adherents of that religion, and to include art representing multiple religious and secular worldviews. Consider the Christmas tree. The Supreme Court has held that the Christmas tree is a secular symbol of the holiday season; therefore, the display of a Christmas tree in the school lobby, temporarily, does not violate the Establishment Clause. A Hanukkah menorah has also been determined to be a secular symbol and does not violate the Establishment Clause when displayed temporarily. Even so, public schools should exercise caution in choosing to put out these symbols. Despite the Supreme Court ruling, many students and families associate them with religions and religious holidays that not all members of the school community observe or celebrate. Their display could marginalize non-Christian and non-Jewish students and be counterproductive to the positive school climate we work to establish. Today's Headlines
The most important news stories of the day, curated by Post editors and delivered every morning. Today’s Headlines
The most important news stories of the day, curated by Post editors and delivered every morning.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/12/24/can-students-pray-in-public-schools-can-teachers-say-merry-christmas-whats-allowed-and-forbidden/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608048446#0_874750674
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Title: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? - The Washington Post
Headings: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
–Twitter user @_R_S_S_
The Facts
The Bottom Line
Content: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? - The Washington Post
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Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? (Reuters/Mike Segar)
By
Michelle Ye Hee Lee
Reporter
Jan. 9, 2015 at 8:00 a.m. UTC
“How [many] police get killed by blacks and how many by whites? That’s important at this particular time.” –Twitter user @_R_S_S_
Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
A reader posed this question via Twitter in response to a recent fact check on New York Police Department Commissioner William Bratton’s claim that more than 100 officers are killed every year due to anger, hatred and violence. Bratton earned two Pinocchios for misrepresenting data on police killings. While more than 100 officers die on duty every year, accidents generally outnumber murders of police each year. Officers killed by offenders acting out of “anger and hatred,” such as ambush attacks, are a small percentage of officer deaths each year.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/09/are-black-or-white-offenders-more-likely-to-kill-police/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608048446#1_874752434
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Title: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? - The Washington Post
Headings: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
–Twitter user @_R_S_S_
The Facts
The Bottom Line
Content: Subscribe today. arrow-right
A reader posed this question via Twitter in response to a recent fact check on New York Police Department Commissioner William Bratton’s claim that more than 100 officers are killed every year due to anger, hatred and violence. Bratton earned two Pinocchios for misrepresenting data on police killings. While more than 100 officers die on duty every year, accidents generally outnumber murders of police each year. Officers killed by offenders acting out of “anger and hatred,” such as ambush attacks, are a small percentage of officer deaths each year. Story continues below advertisement
It was a timely inquiry, given the recent debates over race and homicides of and by police. And it was an important one, in the aftermath of the deaths of young black males recently killed by police and the assassination-style killings of two NYPD officers by a black offender. Are black or white victims more likely to be killed by police? Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? Advertisement
The first question is impossible to answer accurately, though many have tried by piecing together different types of data.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/09/are-black-or-white-offenders-more-likely-to-kill-police/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608048446#3_874755662
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Title: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? - The Washington Post
Headings: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
–Twitter user @_R_S_S_
The Facts
The Bottom Line
Content: The FBI maintains a limited database of self-reported homicides by police, and it is a conservative estimate at best. But there is reliable data to answer second question, using the FBI’s database of police deaths and injuries. So we dug into it. Story continues below advertisement
What is the racial breakdown of offenders who killed police officers on duty? Are black offenders more or less likely to kill police officers in ambush attacks? The Facts
The FBI’s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted program tracks the deaths of officers who were on duty, or acting in an official manner while off duty. The FBI publishes annual reports breaking down the figure in two ways: accidents and “felonious incidents,” which are deaths as a result of a criminal act. Felonious incidents include ambushes, traffic pursuits, responding to domestic disturbances or delivering search warrants. Advertisement
There were 511 officers killed in felonious incidents and 540 offenders from 2004 to 2013, according to FBI reports.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/09/are-black-or-white-offenders-more-likely-to-kill-police/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608048446#4_874757226
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Title: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? - The Washington Post
Headings: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
–Twitter user @_R_S_S_
The Facts
The Bottom Line
Content: The Facts
The FBI’s Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted program tracks the deaths of officers who were on duty, or acting in an official manner while off duty. The FBI publishes annual reports breaking down the figure in two ways: accidents and “felonious incidents,” which are deaths as a result of a criminal act. Felonious incidents include ambushes, traffic pursuits, responding to domestic disturbances or delivering search warrants. Advertisement
There were 511 officers killed in felonious incidents and 540 offenders from 2004 to 2013, according to FBI reports. Among the total offenders, 52 percent were white, and 43 percent were black. Story continues below advertisement
The FBI provided The Fact Checker a detailed database of victim officers and offenders in felonious incidents, accidental deaths and assaults with injury, from the early 1980s. From 1980 to 2013, there were 2,269 officers killed in felonious incidents, and 2,896 offenders. The racial breakdown of offenders over the 33-year period was on par with the 10-year period: 52 percent were white, and 41 percent were black.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/09/are-black-or-white-offenders-more-likely-to-kill-police/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608048446#5_874758872
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Title: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police? - The Washington Post
Headings: Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
Are black or white offenders more likely to kill police?
–Twitter user @_R_S_S_
The Facts
The Bottom Line
Content: Among the total offenders, 52 percent were white, and 43 percent were black. Story continues below advertisement
The FBI provided The Fact Checker a detailed database of victim officers and offenders in felonious incidents, accidental deaths and assaults with injury, from the early 1980s. From 1980 to 2013, there were 2,269 officers killed in felonious incidents, and 2,896 offenders. The racial breakdown of offenders over the 33-year period was on par with the 10-year period: 52 percent were white, and 41 percent were black. Of the 2,896 offenders in felonious deaths, at least 203 committed suicide and about 400 were justifiably killed on the scene. There were 161 offenders who were known to the law enforcement agency to have prior mental illness. There were 319 offenders under the influence of alcohol, and 228 under the influence of narcotics (those two numbers are not exclusive of each other). Advertisement
Story continues below advertisement
The FBI began collecting the ethnicity of victims and offenders in 2011, and ethnicities from 2011 to 2013 are not yet reflected in this database. The FBI’s race categories are:
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/01/09/are-black-or-white-offenders-more-likely-to-kill-police/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608212008#7_875173556
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Title: A guide to the allegations of Bill Clinton’s womanizing - The Washington Post
Headings: A guide to the allegations of Bill Clinton’s womanizing
A guide to the allegations of Bill Clinton’s womanizing
Consensual affairs
Allegations of an unwanted sexual encounter
The Bottom Line
Send us facts to check by filling out this form
Sign up for The Fact Checker weekly newsletter
Content: Clinton denied he assaulted her; an independent prosecutor concluded “there is insufficient evidence to prove to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that President Clinton’s testimony regarding Kathleen Willey was false.” Note that no court of law ever found Clinton guilty of the accusations. Advertisement
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Peter Baker, in “ The Breach ,” the definitive account of the impeachment saga, reported that House investigators later found in the files of the independent prosecutor that Jones’s lawyers had collected the names of 21 different women they suspected had had a sexual relationship with Clinton. Baker described the files as “wild allegations, sometimes based on nothing more than hearsay claims of third-party witnesses.” But there were some allegations (page 138) that suggested unwelcome advances: “One woman was alleged to have been asked by Clinton to give him oral sex in a car while he was the state attorney general (a claim she denied). A former Arkansas state employee said that during a presentation, then-Governor Clinton walked behind her and rubbed his pelvis up against her repeatedly. A woman identified as a third cousin of Clinton’s supposedly told her drug counselor during treatment in Arkansas that she was abused by Clinton when she was baby-sitting at the Governor’s Mansion in Little Rock.” Update:
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/12/30/a-guide-to-the-allegations-of-bill-clintons-womanizing/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608579904#6_876108943
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Title: The facts about Trump’s policy of separating families at the border - The Washington Post
Headings: The facts about Trump’s policy of separating families at the border
The facts about Trump’s policy of separating families at the border
The Facts
The Pinocchio Test
Four Pinocchios
What lawmakers and other public figures are saying about the border separations
Content: Advertisement
“Operationally what that means is we will have to separate your family,” Nielsen told NPR in May. “That’s no different than what we do every day in every part of the United States when an adult of a family commits a crime. If you as a parent break into a house, you will be incarcerated by police and thereby separated from your family. We’re doing the same thing at the border.” Although we’ve fact-checked these family-separation claims twice, we hadn’t had the opportunity to assign a Pinocchio rating yet. We’ll do so now. The Facts
Since 2014, hundreds of thousands of children and families have fled to the United States because of rampant violence and gang activity in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. U.S. laws provide asylum or refugee status to qualified applicants, but the Trump administration says smugglers and bad actors are exploiting these same laws to gain entry. Nielsen says the government has detected hundreds of cases of fraud among migrants traveling with children who are not their own. Trump says he wants to close what he describes as “loopholes” in these humanitarian-relief laws. Advertisement
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The Central American refugee crisis developed during President Barack Obama’s administration and continues under Trump.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/06/19/the-facts-about-trumps-policy-of-separating-families-at-the-border/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_608579904#7_876110952
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Title: The facts about Trump’s policy of separating families at the border - The Washington Post
Headings: The facts about Trump’s policy of separating families at the border
The facts about Trump’s policy of separating families at the border
The Facts
The Pinocchio Test
Four Pinocchios
What lawmakers and other public figures are saying about the border separations
Content: The Facts
Since 2014, hundreds of thousands of children and families have fled to the United States because of rampant violence and gang activity in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. U.S. laws provide asylum or refugee status to qualified applicants, but the Trump administration says smugglers and bad actors are exploiting these same laws to gain entry. Nielsen says the government has detected hundreds of cases of fraud among migrants traveling with children who are not their own. Trump says he wants to close what he describes as “loopholes” in these humanitarian-relief laws. Advertisement
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The Central American refugee crisis developed during President Barack Obama’s administration and continues under Trump. The two administrations have taken different approaches. Obama prioritized the deportation of dangerous people. Once he took office, Trump issued an executive order rolling back much of the Obama-era framework. Obama’s guidelines prioritized the deportation of gang members, those who posed a national security risk and those who had committed felonies. Trump’s January 2017 executive order does not include a priority list for deportations and refers only to “criminal offenses,” which is broad enough to encompass serious felonies as well as misdemeanors.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/06/19/the-facts-about-trumps-policy-of-separating-families-at-the-border/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_609245030#2_877502403
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Title: Washington Post
Headings: Student protesters burn American flags at confrontation over Trump victory
Student protesters burn American flags at confrontation over Trump victory
Mobs of tearful, angry students protesting Trump victory swarm campuses
‘Racism at AU is bananas’: Hundreds protest incidents on American U. campus
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At one point, some students began chanting “U.S.A.! U.S.A.!” and protesters — holding yellow signs that said, “Black Lives Matter,” “Stand up to racism!” and “Stand against anti-Muslim bigotry” — responded with mocking profanity, according to a student watching the protest and counterprotest. An anti-Trump protest on the campus of American University in Northwest Washington escalated into shouting matches when students burned a small American flag. ( The Washington Post)
It was one of many campus protests nationwide Wednesday as college students lashed out after Trump’s victory was assured; students on campuses with predominantly liberal politics said they were shocked and saddened by results. Mobs of tearful, angry students protesting Trump victory swarm campuses
Camille Lepre, a spokeswoman from American University, issued a written statement Wednesday evening: “ About 200 students convened this afternoon in a protest to express their reactions to the presidential election outcome. The university supported the free expression of views on all sides of the political spectrum.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/11/09/student-protesters-burn-american-flags-at-confrontation-over-trump-victory/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_609569013#1_878365042
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Title: The states that spend the most (and the least) on education, in one map - The Washington Post
Headings: The states that spend the most (and the least) on education, in one map
The states that spend the most (and the least) on education, in one map
Content: at the high end is Boston, Mass., at $20,502. Part of the variation is due to the huge differences in costs of living nationwide, which influence everything from teacher salaries to the cost of building and maintaining school facilities. Part is also due to economic realities — many states’ education spending remains lower than it was before the recession. Story continues below advertisement
And part of the variation is due to political decisions to invest more or less in schools, or to do more or less to equalize education spending across low- and high-income areas. Advertisement
Federal data show that there is a growing gap in education spending by the nation’s poorest and most affluent school districts. This map shows how per-pupil spending varies nationwide. Top spenders among states and “state-equivalents,” the Census Bureau’s term for D.C.: 1. New York ($19,818 per student)
2. Alaska ($18,175)
3.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2015/06/02/the-states-that-spend-the-most-and-the-least-on-education-in-one-map/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_610232172#1_879984031
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Title: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls - The Washington Post
Headings: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
Henry Farrell
Russian operations probably did not change voters’ minds
That does not mean Russian activities were not important
Russia has weaponized “flooding” against the U.S.
This has implications for what comes next
Content: Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
Russian operations probably did not change voters’ minds
One of the persistent myths of the election cycle is that Russian influence operations helped change voters’ minds, and hence helped Donald Trump get elected. This argument seems to be plausible, and even compelling. We know Russian sources circulated lots of bogus stories on social media, and many people read them. It is easy to jump to the conclusion that this fake news gave Trump the majority he needed in a few swing states. AD
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The problem, as Dartmouth political scientist Brendan Nyhan discusses , is that this account does not really hold together. First, it is hard to be sure how many people (rather than bots) actually read these fake stories. Second, even if people did read them, they were buried among many, many other posts, some of them equally alarmist. Finally, there is a lot of political science research showing it is really hard to change people’s minds.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/16/the-surprise-mueller-indictment-tells-us-how-weve-been-wrong-about-russian-trolls/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_610232172#2_879985845
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Title: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls - The Washington Post
Headings: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
Henry Farrell
Russian operations probably did not change voters’ minds
That does not mean Russian activities were not important
Russia has weaponized “flooding” against the U.S.
This has implications for what comes next
Content: It is easy to jump to the conclusion that this fake news gave Trump the majority he needed in a few swing states. AD
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The problem, as Dartmouth political scientist Brendan Nyhan discusses , is that this account does not really hold together. First, it is hard to be sure how many people (rather than bots) actually read these fake stories. Second, even if people did read them, they were buried among many, many other posts, some of them equally alarmist. Finally, there is a lot of political science research showing it is really hard to change people’s minds. Even massive TV advertising campaigns appear to have only tiny effects on people’s decisions over who to vote for. Social media posts, buried among a multitude of other such posts, are likely to have even less. That does not mean Russian activities were not important
To understand what Russia has been doing abroad, you need to understand what it has been doing at home. Political scientists such as Margaret Roberts and Josh Tucker of the Monkey Cage have documented how Chinese and Russian leaders discovered a new way of dealing with inconvenient voices in their own society. Rather than just trying to censor them, they have increasingly looked to drown them in a flood of other perspectives, arguments, claims, counterclaims and nonsense.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/16/the-surprise-mueller-indictment-tells-us-how-weve-been-wrong-about-russian-trolls/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_610232172#3_879987970
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Title: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls - The Washington Post
Headings: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
Henry Farrell
Russian operations probably did not change voters’ minds
That does not mean Russian activities were not important
Russia has weaponized “flooding” against the U.S.
This has implications for what comes next
Content: Even massive TV advertising campaigns appear to have only tiny effects on people’s decisions over who to vote for. Social media posts, buried among a multitude of other such posts, are likely to have even less. That does not mean Russian activities were not important
To understand what Russia has been doing abroad, you need to understand what it has been doing at home. Political scientists such as Margaret Roberts and Josh Tucker of the Monkey Cage have documented how Chinese and Russian leaders discovered a new way of dealing with inconvenient voices in their own society. Rather than just trying to censor them, they have increasingly looked to drown them in a flood of other perspectives, arguments, claims, counterclaims and nonsense. AD
AD
American libertarians like to say the best antidote to bad speech is good speech. What Russian and Chinese rulers have discovered is that the best antidote to good speech is bad speech — and lots of it. In a description by Adrian Chen, a journalist who has done extensive research on the Internet Research Agency, the consequence of Russian activities against their own public “was not to brainwash readers but to overwhelm social media with a flood of fake content, seeding doubt and paranoia, and destroying the possibility of using the Internet as a democratic space.” What Roberts describes as “flooding” tactics make it more or less impossible to conduct ordinary democratic conversation and argument. Russia has weaponized “flooding” against the U.S.
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This is what lay behind Russian trolling tactics.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/16/the-surprise-mueller-indictment-tells-us-how-weve-been-wrong-about-russian-trolls/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_610232172#4_879990379
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Title: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls - The Washington Post
Headings: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
Henry Farrell
Russian operations probably did not change voters’ minds
That does not mean Russian activities were not important
Russia has weaponized “flooding” against the U.S.
This has implications for what comes next
Content: AD
AD
American libertarians like to say the best antidote to bad speech is good speech. What Russian and Chinese rulers have discovered is that the best antidote to good speech is bad speech — and lots of it. In a description by Adrian Chen, a journalist who has done extensive research on the Internet Research Agency, the consequence of Russian activities against their own public “was not to brainwash readers but to overwhelm social media with a flood of fake content, seeding doubt and paranoia, and destroying the possibility of using the Internet as a democratic space.” What Roberts describes as “flooding” tactics make it more or less impossible to conduct ordinary democratic conversation and argument. Russia has weaponized “flooding” against the U.S.
AD
This is what lay behind Russian trolling tactics. Certainly, Russian trolls wanted to discredit the candidates whom they detested. However, they did not seek to change Americans’ minds, but to create enough doubt, confusion and paranoia to destabilize democracy. The Mueller investigation documents this clearly. As the indictments describe it, “By in or around May 2014, the ORGANIZATION’s strategy included interfering with the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election,” with the stated goal of “spread [ing] distrust towards the candidates and the political system in general.” By spreading rumors, flooding the zone with disinformation, stirring up protests and counterprotests, and otherwise creating confusion, Russia wanted to gravely weaken the U.S. political system.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/16/the-surprise-mueller-indictment-tells-us-how-weve-been-wrong-about-russian-trolls/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_610232172#5_879992784
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Title: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls - The Washington Post
Headings: The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
The surprise Mueller indictment tells us how we've been wrong about Russian trolls
Henry Farrell
Russian operations probably did not change voters’ minds
That does not mean Russian activities were not important
Russia has weaponized “flooding” against the U.S.
This has implications for what comes next
Content: Certainly, Russian trolls wanted to discredit the candidates whom they detested. However, they did not seek to change Americans’ minds, but to create enough doubt, confusion and paranoia to destabilize democracy. The Mueller investigation documents this clearly. As the indictments describe it, “By in or around May 2014, the ORGANIZATION’s strategy included interfering with the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election,” with the stated goal of “spread [ing] distrust towards the candidates and the political system in general.” By spreading rumors, flooding the zone with disinformation, stirring up protests and counterprotests, and otherwise creating confusion, Russia wanted to gravely weaken the U.S. political system. AD
Many people believe Russian trolls did not expect Trump to be elected president. However, they wanted a United States that was sufficiently divided against itself that a President Hillary Clinton would have difficulty in governing, let alone taking decisive action abroad. This may also explain why Russian actors both spread rumors that Clinton was guilty of vote fraud and probed the vulnerabilities of online U.S. electoral records. Their likely intentions were not to fix the vote but to create enough paranoia over the possibility that the vote had been fixed that a President Hillary Clinton’s legitimacy would have been seriously damaged. As an expert report concludes about this kind of attack, “simply put, the attacker might not care who wins;
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/02/16/the-surprise-mueller-indictment-tells-us-how-weve-been-wrong-about-russian-trolls/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_611001848#10_881938578
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Title: ‘Had to hit him’: Jared Fogle, imprisoned ex-Subway guy, reportedly beaten by inmate who hates ‘child molesters’ - The Washington Post
Headings: ‘Had to hit him’: Jared Fogle, imprisoned ex-Subway guy, reportedly beaten by inmate who hates ‘child molesters’
‘Had to hit him’: Jared Fogle, imprisoned ex-Subway guy, reportedly beaten by inmate who hates ‘child molesters’
Jared Fogle admitted to sex crimes against minors. Why wasn’t he charged with rape?
Content: At worse, they’ll be robbed, beaten, or even killed. Many will find that they aren’t welcome to sit at certain tables in the chow hall, or might have to spend years in protective custody (i.e., the hole).” Advertisement
On its website, the BOP said it “offers sex offender treatment to offenders with a history of sexual offending and who volunteer for treatment.” Not every sex offender can participate, however, and it is not available at every institution. “Eligibility for participation in a treatment program depends on an offender’s evaluated risk of future sexual offending,” the website read. “ Institutions offering this treatment often have a higher proportion of sex offenders in their offender population. This higher concentration of sex offenders within an institution helps offenders feel more comfortable acknowledging their concerns and seeking treatment.” Englewood, where Fogle is incarcerated, does offer sex offender treatment. Today's Headlines
The most important news stories of the day, curated by Post editors and delivered every morning. Today’s Headlines
The most important news stories of the day, curated by Post editors and delivered every morning.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/17/had-to-hit-him-jared-fogle-imprisoned-ex-subway-guy-reportedly-beaten-by-inmate-who-hates-child-molesters/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612320771#2_885090805
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Title: Here’s how much each state spends on public school students - The Washington Post
Headings: Here’s how much each state spends on public school students
Here’s how much each state spends on public school students
Content: For one thing, the salary information doesn’t factor in cost of living adjustments; these obviously matter, because a teacher in New York is going to be paid more than a teacher in Nevada. ( This map shows you how much teachers are paid state by state.) AD
In addition, as Emily notes in her post, spending alone doesn’t determine the quality of education. There are a wide variety of factors that can determine this, and funding — while important in terms of resources, technology, various supplies and staff size — is just one part of that. Still, underfunded districts face particular challenges, as Valerie Strauss’s post from earlier in the week explains. Nationwide, an average of $10,608 was spent per student in 2012. That’s slightly down from the $10,615 average in 2010 and up from the $10,259 average in 2008. Head to Wonkblog for more on these numbers. Today’s Headlines
The most important news stories of the day, curated by Post editors and delivered every morning.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/05/23/heres-how-much-each-state-spends-on-public-school-students/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612341387#1_885132442
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Title: How many police shootings a year? No one knows - The Washington Post
Headings: How many police shootings a year? No one knows
How many police shootings a year? No one knows
Content: Subscribe today. arrow-right
Police unions and some law-and-order conservatives insist that shootings by officers are rare and even more rarely unjustified. Civil rights groups and some on the left have just as quickly prescribed racial motives to the shootings, declaring that black and brown men are being “executed” by officers. And, like all previous incarnations of the clash over police force, the debate remains absent access to a crucial, fundamental fact. Criminal justice experts note that, while the federal government and national research groups keep scads of data and statistics— on topics ranging from how many people were victims of unprovoked shark attacks (53 in 2013) to the number of hogs and pigs living on farms in the U.S. (upwards of 64,000,000 according to 2010 numbers) — there is no reliable national data on how many people are shot by police officers each year. Advertisement
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The government does, however, keep a database of how many officers are killed in the line of duty. In 2012, the most recent year for which FBI data is available, it was 48 – 44 of them killed with firearms. But how many people in the United States were shot, or killed, by law enforcement officers during that year? No one knows. Officials with the Justice Department keep no comprehensive database or record of police shootings, instead allowing the nation’s more than 17,000 law enforcement agencies to self-report officer-involved shootings as part of the FBI’s annual data on “justifiable homicides” by law enforcement.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/08/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612341387#2_885134471
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Title: How many police shootings a year? No one knows - The Washington Post
Headings: How many police shootings a year? No one knows
How many police shootings a year? No one knows
Content: Advertisement
Story continues below advertisement
The government does, however, keep a database of how many officers are killed in the line of duty. In 2012, the most recent year for which FBI data is available, it was 48 – 44 of them killed with firearms. But how many people in the United States were shot, or killed, by law enforcement officers during that year? No one knows. Officials with the Justice Department keep no comprehensive database or record of police shootings, instead allowing the nation’s more than 17,000 law enforcement agencies to self-report officer-involved shootings as part of the FBI’s annual data on “justifiable homicides” by law enforcement. That number – which only includes self-reported information from about 750 law enforcement agencies – hovers around 400 “justifiable homicides” by police officers each year. The DOJ’s Bureau of Justice Statistics also tracks “arrest-related deaths.” But the department stopped releasing those numbers after 2009, because, like the FBI data, they were widely regarded as unreliable. Advertisement
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“What’s there is crappy data,” said David A. Klinger, a former police officer and criminal justice professor at the University of Missouri who studies police use of force. Several independent trackers, primarily journalists and academics who study criminal justice, insist the accurate number of people shot and killed by police officers each year is consistently upwards of 1,000 each year.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/08/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612341387#3_885136465
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Title: How many police shootings a year? No one knows - The Washington Post
Headings: How many police shootings a year? No one knows
How many police shootings a year? No one knows
Content: That number – which only includes self-reported information from about 750 law enforcement agencies – hovers around 400 “justifiable homicides” by police officers each year. The DOJ’s Bureau of Justice Statistics also tracks “arrest-related deaths.” But the department stopped releasing those numbers after 2009, because, like the FBI data, they were widely regarded as unreliable. Advertisement
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“What’s there is crappy data,” said David A. Klinger, a former police officer and criminal justice professor at the University of Missouri who studies police use of force. Several independent trackers, primarily journalists and academics who study criminal justice, insist the accurate number of people shot and killed by police officers each year is consistently upwards of 1,000 each year. “The FBI’s justifiable homicides and the estimates from (arrest-related deaths) both have significant limitations in terms of coverage and reliability that are primarily due to agency participation and measurement issues,” said Michael Planty, one of the Justice Department’s chief statisticians, in an email. Story continues below advertisement
Even less data exists for officer-involved shootings that do not result in fatalities. “We do not have information at the national level for police shootings that result in non-fatal injury or no injury to a civilian,” Planty said. Advertisement
Comprehensive statistics on officer-involved shootings are also not kept by any of the nation’s leading gun violence and police research groups and think tanks. In fact, prior to the Brown’s shooting, the only person attempting to keep track of the number of police shootings was D. Brian Burghart, the editor and publisher of the 29,000-circulation Reno News & Review, who launched his “Fatal Encounters” project in 2012.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/08/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612341387#12_885153404
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Title: How many police shootings a year? No one knows - The Washington Post
Headings: How many police shootings a year? No one knows
How many police shootings a year? No one knows
Content: In the absence of reliable data, the FBI’s “justifiable homicides” statistics continues to be widely cited in academic studies, media reports, and other examinations of the use of lethal force by law enforcement despite being decried as unreliable by officials inside the Justice Department and other officials outside of the government. Advertisement
As they do, criminal justice experts note that even compiling accurate numbers of people shot and killed by the police would be just a start. “Every study that I’m aware of shows that most of the people who are shot by the cops survive and most of the time when cops shoot the bullets don’t hit,” said Klinger, who will soon publish a new study analyzing police shootings in St. Louis. That study, prepared with several other academics, found that there were 230 instances in the City of St. Louis between 2003 and 2012 when officers fired their weapons. Only 37 of those fired upon were killed. “If your statistics look just at dead bodies you’d be under-counting it by 85 percent,” Klinger said. “ If the cops are shooting, we need to now when they are shooting, not just when they kill somebody with the bullets.” Kimberly Kindy contributed to this report. Today's Headlines
The most important news stories of the day, curated by Post editors and delivered every morning. Today’s Headlines
The most important news stories of the day, curated by Post editors and delivered every morning.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/09/08/how-many-police-shootings-a-year-no-one-knows/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612438734#1_885358684
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Title: How often do prisoners die behind bars? - The Washington Post
Headings: How often do prisoners die behind bars?
How often do prisoners die behind bars?
Related:
Content: Local authorities ruled her death a suicide, while her family and friends said it was “unfathomable” that she would have taken her own life. Support our journalism. Subscribe today. arrow-right
Even as Bland’s death has created a national firestorm, with the traffic stop that preceded her arrest drawing heavy criticism, this situation also points to another reality of the U.S. criminal justice system: The staggering number of inmates who die behind bars each year. An average of about a dozen inmates die each day, according to the Justice Department. About 4,400 jail and prison inmates die every year, federal statistics show, a tally that does not include executions (which are infrequent, numbering in the dozens each year and adding up to just a fraction of all other inmate deaths). Advertisement
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Most of these deaths occur in state prisons, where 3,351 inmates died in 2012, the most recent year for which data is available, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. State prisons have the largest inmate populations, accounting for a little more than half of all inmates in custody that year. [ Prosecutor on Sandra Bland autopsy:
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/23/how-often-do-prisoners-die-behind-bars/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612438734#2_885360286
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Title: How often do prisoners die behind bars? - The Washington Post
Headings: How often do prisoners die behind bars?
How often do prisoners die behind bars?
Related:
Content: An average of about a dozen inmates die each day, according to the Justice Department. About 4,400 jail and prison inmates die every year, federal statistics show, a tally that does not include executions (which are infrequent, numbering in the dozens each year and adding up to just a fraction of all other inmate deaths). Advertisement
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Most of these deaths occur in state prisons, where 3,351 inmates died in 2012, the most recent year for which data is available, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. State prisons have the largest inmate populations, accounting for a little more than half of all inmates in custody that year. [ Prosecutor on Sandra Bland autopsy: No evidence ‘to indicate that this is a homicide’]
In local jails, 958 inmates died in 2012, but the causes of these deaths were very different from the causes cited in state prison deaths. Suicide is the leading cause of death for inmates in local jails, accounting for nearly a third of all deaths. ( Heart disease is the second-leading cause of death.) Story continues below advertisement
Suicides are cited as the cause far less often in state prisons, where cancer is the leading cause of death. Heart disease and other illnesses are listed as the cause in most other deaths.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/23/how-often-do-prisoners-die-behind-bars/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612438734#3_885361997
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Title: How often do prisoners die behind bars? - The Washington Post
Headings: How often do prisoners die behind bars?
How often do prisoners die behind bars?
Related:
Content: No evidence ‘to indicate that this is a homicide’]
In local jails, 958 inmates died in 2012, but the causes of these deaths were very different from the causes cited in state prison deaths. Suicide is the leading cause of death for inmates in local jails, accounting for nearly a third of all deaths. ( Heart disease is the second-leading cause of death.) Story continues below advertisement
Suicides are cited as the cause far less often in state prisons, where cancer is the leading cause of death. Heart disease and other illnesses are listed as the cause in most other deaths. Advertisement
Deaths in local jails tend to occur relatively quickly after the inmates arrive. About one in three suicides takes place within a week of the inmate’s arrival; more than half of these deaths occur within the first month. M ore than 70 percent of the inmates who died in local jails were not convicted at the time they died. [ Prisoners are much more likely to die in jail than escape]
Why does this happen?
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/23/how-often-do-prisoners-die-behind-bars/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612438734#4_885363419
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Title: How often do prisoners die behind bars? - The Washington Post
Headings: How often do prisoners die behind bars?
How often do prisoners die behind bars?
Related:
Content: Advertisement
Deaths in local jails tend to occur relatively quickly after the inmates arrive. About one in three suicides takes place within a week of the inmate’s arrival; more than half of these deaths occur within the first month. M ore than 70 percent of the inmates who died in local jails were not convicted at the time they died. [ Prisoners are much more likely to die in jail than escape]
Why does this happen? In 2010, the National Institute of Corrections released a report on jail suicides, outlining possible explanations for the problem. In short, they said, jails tended to exacerbate suicidal behavior: Story continues below advertisement
Experts theorize that two primary causes for jail suicide exist: ( 1) jail environments are conducive to suicidal behavior and (2) the inmate is facing a crisis situation. From the inmate’s perspective, certain features of the jail environment enhance suicidal behavior:
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/23/how-often-do-prisoners-die-behind-bars/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612438734#5_885364760
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Title: How often do prisoners die behind bars? - The Washington Post
Headings: How often do prisoners die behind bars?
How often do prisoners die behind bars?
Related:
Content: In 2010, the National Institute of Corrections released a report on jail suicides, outlining possible explanations for the problem. In short, they said, jails tended to exacerbate suicidal behavior: Story continues below advertisement
Experts theorize that two primary causes for jail suicide exist: ( 1) jail environments are conducive to suicidal behavior and (2) the inmate is facing a crisis situation. From the inmate’s perspective, certain features of the jail environment enhance suicidal behavior: fear of the unknown, distrust of an authoritarian environment, perceived lack of control over the future, isolation from family and significant others, shame of incarceration, and perceived dehumanizing aspects of incarceration. In addition, certain factors are prevalent among inmates facing a crisis situation that could predispose them to suicide: recent excessive drinking and/or drug use, recent loss of stabilizing resources, severe guilt or shame over the alleged offense, current mental illness, prior history of suicidal behavior, and approaching court date. In addition, some inmates simply are (or become) ill equipped to handle the common stresses of confinement. The report goes on to note that to prevent suicides, personnel need additional training, constant observation for people on suicide watch and a better screening process.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/23/how-often-do-prisoners-die-behind-bars/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612438734#6_885366519
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Title: How often do prisoners die behind bars? - The Washington Post
Headings: How often do prisoners die behind bars?
How often do prisoners die behind bars?
Related:
Content: fear of the unknown, distrust of an authoritarian environment, perceived lack of control over the future, isolation from family and significant others, shame of incarceration, and perceived dehumanizing aspects of incarceration. In addition, certain factors are prevalent among inmates facing a crisis situation that could predispose them to suicide: recent excessive drinking and/or drug use, recent loss of stabilizing resources, severe guilt or shame over the alleged offense, current mental illness, prior history of suicidal behavior, and approaching court date. In addition, some inmates simply are (or become) ill equipped to handle the common stresses of confinement. The report goes on to note that to prevent suicides, personnel need additional training, constant observation for people on suicide watch and a better screening process. In Texas, the screening process has come under fire as officials released documents with contradictory answers to the question of whether Bland had attempted suicide before, confusion that a Waller County assistant district attorney said likely explained the decision not to place her on suicide watch. The World Health Organization says that communication among different staff members is crucial, adding that additional screening and observation are also necessary. Advertisement
[ Report: While in jail, Bland left a voicemail saying she was at “a loss for words"]
Beyond suicide, thousands of people are dying behind bars each year, as the prison population has exploded over the last few decades. Story continues below advertisement
There are about 2.2 million people incarcerated in jails and prisons, a number that is more than four times the population in 1980 .
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/23/how-often-do-prisoners-die-behind-bars/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612438734#7_885368646
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Title: How often do prisoners die behind bars? - The Washington Post
Headings: How often do prisoners die behind bars?
How often do prisoners die behind bars?
Related:
Content: In Texas, the screening process has come under fire as officials released documents with contradictory answers to the question of whether Bland had attempted suicide before, confusion that a Waller County assistant district attorney said likely explained the decision not to place her on suicide watch. The World Health Organization says that communication among different staff members is crucial, adding that additional screening and observation are also necessary. Advertisement
[ Report: While in jail, Bland left a voicemail saying she was at “a loss for words"]
Beyond suicide, thousands of people are dying behind bars each year, as the prison population has exploded over the last few decades. Story continues below advertisement
There are about 2.2 million people incarcerated in jails and prisons, a number that is more than four times the population in 1980 . Harsh sentences in the 1980s and 1990s helped foster a situation where an increasingly large number of inmates are older than 50, and state health-care spending on inmates has skyrocketed. The federal prison population has similarly climbed. In state prisons, a little more than half of inmates were sentenced for violent crimes; one in five is there for property crimes like burglary, while about one in six is being held for drug crimes. All told, one of every 108 adults in the United States was incarcerated in a prison or jail in 2012, according to the Justice Department.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/07/23/how-often-do-prisoners-die-behind-bars/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612830096#4_886186685
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Title: Chris Christie’s budget ‘sins’ in New Jersey - The Washington Post
Headings: Chris Christie’s budget ‘sins’ in New Jersey
Chris Christie’s budget ‘sins’ in New Jersey
Budget fix: Underfunding pensions
Budget fix: Toll money shuffle
Budget fix: Booking "bond premiums"
Budget fix: Short-term borrowing
Budget fix: Delaying property tax rebates
Budget fix: Lottery outsourcing
Budget fix: Tobacco bonds
Budget fix: Cash from legal settlements
Budget fix: Clean Energy Fund
Budget fix: Municipal aid
Content: Budget fix: Toll money shuffle
How it worked: After canceling an $8.7 billion cross-Hudson rail tunnel in 2010, Christie took $1.25 billion of highway tolls for the project to pay for new roads and bridges. Later, he shifted the tolls to the operating budget to plug shortfalls. Results: Shifting the money to the general budget forced the Transportation Trust Fund to replace it with $1 billion in unplanned borrowing. AD
Former New Jersey governors who did it: None
Christie response: State Treasurer Andrew Sidamon-Eristoff said the diversion was appropriate because the money ultimately offset the state’s subsidy to New Jersey Transit, the state-owned rail and bus carrier. AD
Budget fix:
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/04/17/chris-christies-budget-sins-in-new-jersey/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_612830096#5_886188186
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Title: Chris Christie’s budget ‘sins’ in New Jersey - The Washington Post
Headings: Chris Christie’s budget ‘sins’ in New Jersey
Chris Christie’s budget ‘sins’ in New Jersey
Budget fix: Underfunding pensions
Budget fix: Toll money shuffle
Budget fix: Booking "bond premiums"
Budget fix: Short-term borrowing
Budget fix: Delaying property tax rebates
Budget fix: Lottery outsourcing
Budget fix: Tobacco bonds
Budget fix: Cash from legal settlements
Budget fix: Clean Energy Fund
Budget fix: Municipal aid
Content: Shifting the money to the general budget forced the Transportation Trust Fund to replace it with $1 billion in unplanned borrowing. AD
Former New Jersey governors who did it: None
Christie response: State Treasurer Andrew Sidamon-Eristoff said the diversion was appropriate because the money ultimately offset the state’s subsidy to New Jersey Transit, the state-owned rail and bus carrier. AD
Budget fix: Booking "bond premiums"
How it worked: Governments sometimes sell debt at above-market interest rates to get extra cash. On Christie’s watch, the Transportation Trust Fund raised $266 million from such “bond premiums,” more than all prior governors combined. Results: The fund has to pay more interest.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/04/17/chris-christies-budget-sins-in-new-jersey/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_613215067#6_887139567
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Title: The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S. - The Washington Post
Headings: The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S.
The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S.
THE KEY
Today, the European Union cements its status as the global leader in data privacy.
In theory, there’s nothing preventing the United States from adopting a set of privacy standards that are just as broad and forceful. Indeed, many privacy advocates have called for it. But on this side of the Atlantic, it’s still kind of a data privacy free-for-all.
There’s no equivalent of the GDPR in the United States, nor is there likely to be one anytime soon. A mosaic of different state and federal rules, some of them varying widely, govern some of the same issues, but there’s no central authority that enforces them.
Does the United States need something similar? Depends on who you ask. But here are a few reasons a GDPR equivalent would be a hard sell here.
1. There’s no agency to carry it out.
2. Congress won’t go for it.
3. There’s not enough public demand for a data privacy overhaul...
... Or is there?
— As GDPR takes effect, you may be getting a flood of privacy policy updates in your inbox. Twitter had some fun with it:
PINGED: A woman in Portland, Ore., said the virtual assistant Alexa on an Amazon.com Echo device quietly recorded a conversation in her home and sent it to one of her husband's employees without their knowledge, The Washington Post's Hamza Shaban reports .
— More cybersecurity news from The Post and elsewhere:
— The Senate Armed Services Committee on Thursday approved a bill that would require companies doing business with the U.S. military to disclose whether the source code of the software that they're selling was reviewed by U.S. advseraries such as China or Russia, Reuters's Joel Schectman reports. The bill passed the committee in a 25-to-2 vote. Security experts say letting Russia examine the source code of software could allow it to discover weaknesses that it could take advantage of, according to Schectman.
— More cybersecurity news from the public sector:
— A lawsuit in California alleges that Facebook gathered extensive personal data through its apps from users and also collected information from some people who didn't have an account on the social network, the Guardian's Carole Cadwalladr and Emma Graham-Harrison report.
— Fraudulent transactions via mobile apps have increased by more than 600 percent in three years, according to a report by cybersecurity firm RSA released on Wednesday. “While part of this increase is likely attributed to greater digitalization of banking and other consumer services, it is clear the mobile channel is still more vulnerable to fraud and requires better protection,” RSA's Heidi Bleau wrote in a blog post.
— More cybersecurity news from the private sector:
Today
Coming soon
Content: “Even if the FTC were to use its rulemaking authority to promulgate a set of commands, there’s no public institution in the U.S. that has that breadth of authority, and that’s a big gap,” William Kovacic, a former general counsel, member and chair of the FTC during the Barack Obama and George W. Bush administrations, told me. Advertisement
Story continues below advertisement
Kovacic, a law professor at George Washington University, said other agencies such as the Education and Commerce Departments have data protection functions, and states have their own laws and regulations governing data privacy. But there’s no mechanism in the federal government to bring it under one roof. “In many ways we have an antiquated policymaking infrastructure,” Kovacic said. “ It’s a patchwork of controls that have no unifying principles and no unifying institutions to coordinate policy.” 2. Congress won’t go for it. It’s challenging enough to pass simple legislation in a gridlocked Congress. Getting something as complex as the GDPR approved would be a huge undertaking. Story continues below advertisement
Privacy legislation far less sweeping than the GDPR has stalled over and over in recent years.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-cybersecurity-202/2018/05/25/the-cybersecurity-202-why-a-privacy-law-like-gdpr-would-be-a-tough-sell-in-the-u-s/5b07038b1b326b492dd07e83/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_613215067#7_887144221
|
Title: The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S. - The Washington Post
Headings: The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S.
The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S.
THE KEY
Today, the European Union cements its status as the global leader in data privacy.
In theory, there’s nothing preventing the United States from adopting a set of privacy standards that are just as broad and forceful. Indeed, many privacy advocates have called for it. But on this side of the Atlantic, it’s still kind of a data privacy free-for-all.
There’s no equivalent of the GDPR in the United States, nor is there likely to be one anytime soon. A mosaic of different state and federal rules, some of them varying widely, govern some of the same issues, but there’s no central authority that enforces them.
Does the United States need something similar? Depends on who you ask. But here are a few reasons a GDPR equivalent would be a hard sell here.
1. There’s no agency to carry it out.
2. Congress won’t go for it.
3. There’s not enough public demand for a data privacy overhaul...
... Or is there?
— As GDPR takes effect, you may be getting a flood of privacy policy updates in your inbox. Twitter had some fun with it:
PINGED: A woman in Portland, Ore., said the virtual assistant Alexa on an Amazon.com Echo device quietly recorded a conversation in her home and sent it to one of her husband's employees without their knowledge, The Washington Post's Hamza Shaban reports .
— More cybersecurity news from The Post and elsewhere:
— The Senate Armed Services Committee on Thursday approved a bill that would require companies doing business with the U.S. military to disclose whether the source code of the software that they're selling was reviewed by U.S. advseraries such as China or Russia, Reuters's Joel Schectman reports. The bill passed the committee in a 25-to-2 vote. Security experts say letting Russia examine the source code of software could allow it to discover weaknesses that it could take advantage of, according to Schectman.
— More cybersecurity news from the public sector:
— A lawsuit in California alleges that Facebook gathered extensive personal data through its apps from users and also collected information from some people who didn't have an account on the social network, the Guardian's Carole Cadwalladr and Emma Graham-Harrison report.
— Fraudulent transactions via mobile apps have increased by more than 600 percent in three years, according to a report by cybersecurity firm RSA released on Wednesday. “While part of this increase is likely attributed to greater digitalization of banking and other consumer services, it is clear the mobile channel is still more vulnerable to fraud and requires better protection,” RSA's Heidi Bleau wrote in a blog post.
— More cybersecurity news from the private sector:
Today
Coming soon
Content: 2. Congress won’t go for it. It’s challenging enough to pass simple legislation in a gridlocked Congress. Getting something as complex as the GDPR approved would be a huge undertaking. Story continues below advertisement
Privacy legislation far less sweeping than the GDPR has stalled over and over in recent years. Legislation to create a federal standard for how companies and agencies report data breaches, for example, has repeatedly dead-ended — even after hackers stole the personal information of 22 million federal workers from the White House Office of Personnel Management in 2014. Advertisement
Uproar over the misuse of millions of Facebook users' data by the political consultancy Cambridge Analytica has led lawmakers to introduce a flurry of new privacy-related legislation. There's one bill that would expand the FTC's authority and impose new restrictions on data collection, and another that would give people greater control over what companies can do with their information. Several similar bills are up for consideration. But rallying support around those measures and others could be a struggle, said Joel Wallenstrom, chief executive of the secure communications company Wickr.
|
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-cybersecurity-202/2018/05/25/the-cybersecurity-202-why-a-privacy-law-like-gdpr-would-be-a-tough-sell-in-the-u-s/5b07038b1b326b492dd07e83/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_613215067#8_887148833
|
Title: The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S. - The Washington Post
Headings: The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S.
The Cybersecurity 202: Why a privacy law like GDPR would be a tough sell in the U.S.
THE KEY
Today, the European Union cements its status as the global leader in data privacy.
In theory, there’s nothing preventing the United States from adopting a set of privacy standards that are just as broad and forceful. Indeed, many privacy advocates have called for it. But on this side of the Atlantic, it’s still kind of a data privacy free-for-all.
There’s no equivalent of the GDPR in the United States, nor is there likely to be one anytime soon. A mosaic of different state and federal rules, some of them varying widely, govern some of the same issues, but there’s no central authority that enforces them.
Does the United States need something similar? Depends on who you ask. But here are a few reasons a GDPR equivalent would be a hard sell here.
1. There’s no agency to carry it out.
2. Congress won’t go for it.
3. There’s not enough public demand for a data privacy overhaul...
... Or is there?
— As GDPR takes effect, you may be getting a flood of privacy policy updates in your inbox. Twitter had some fun with it:
PINGED: A woman in Portland, Ore., said the virtual assistant Alexa on an Amazon.com Echo device quietly recorded a conversation in her home and sent it to one of her husband's employees without their knowledge, The Washington Post's Hamza Shaban reports .
— More cybersecurity news from The Post and elsewhere:
— The Senate Armed Services Committee on Thursday approved a bill that would require companies doing business with the U.S. military to disclose whether the source code of the software that they're selling was reviewed by U.S. advseraries such as China or Russia, Reuters's Joel Schectman reports. The bill passed the committee in a 25-to-2 vote. Security experts say letting Russia examine the source code of software could allow it to discover weaknesses that it could take advantage of, according to Schectman.
— More cybersecurity news from the public sector:
— A lawsuit in California alleges that Facebook gathered extensive personal data through its apps from users and also collected information from some people who didn't have an account on the social network, the Guardian's Carole Cadwalladr and Emma Graham-Harrison report.
— Fraudulent transactions via mobile apps have increased by more than 600 percent in three years, according to a report by cybersecurity firm RSA released on Wednesday. “While part of this increase is likely attributed to greater digitalization of banking and other consumer services, it is clear the mobile channel is still more vulnerable to fraud and requires better protection,” RSA's Heidi Bleau wrote in a blog post.
— More cybersecurity news from the private sector:
Today
Coming soon
Content: Legislation to create a federal standard for how companies and agencies report data breaches, for example, has repeatedly dead-ended — even after hackers stole the personal information of 22 million federal workers from the White House Office of Personnel Management in 2014. Advertisement
Uproar over the misuse of millions of Facebook users' data by the political consultancy Cambridge Analytica has led lawmakers to introduce a flurry of new privacy-related legislation. There's one bill that would expand the FTC's authority and impose new restrictions on data collection, and another that would give people greater control over what companies can do with their information. Several similar bills are up for consideration. But rallying support around those measures and others could be a struggle, said Joel Wallenstrom, chief executive of the secure communications company Wickr. Story continues below advertisement
“Aside from the overall challenging legislative environment in the U.S., any proposal will face resistance from a very powerful tech lobby,” he said. “ With GDPR primarily being focused on protecting European users from large U.S.-headquartered service providers like Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon, some policymakers may see it as E.U. enforcing a privacy tax on U.S. companies. And there is certainly less hunger in Congress to penalize or tax U.S. corporations, particularly given the 2016 electoral mandate to regulate and tax less.” Advertisement
Other complications could arise as well, he said. “ We have some policymakers calling for stronger data protection in response to the Cambridge Analytica scandal at the same time as others are calling to mandate back doors into encrypted communications systems designed to protect the very same users.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-cybersecurity-202/2018/05/25/the-cybersecurity-202-why-a-privacy-law-like-gdpr-would-be-a-tough-sell-in-the-u-s/5b07038b1b326b492dd07e83/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_615893075#4_893609776
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Title: This professor has predicted every presidential election since 1984. He’s still trying to figure out 2016. - The Washington Post
Headings: This professor has predicted every presidential election since 1984. He’s still trying to figure out 2016.
This professor has predicted every presidential election since 1984. He’s still trying to figure out 2016.
THE FIX: What are your current predictions for 2016?
THE FIX: Which keys do you think might decide this election?
Content: Party Mandate: After the midterm elections, the incumbent party holds more seats in the U.S. House of Representatives than after the previous midterm elections. Contest: There is no serious contest for the incumbent party nomination. Incumbency: The incumbent party candidate is the sitting president. Third party: There is no significant third party or independent campaign. Short-term economy: The economy is not in recession during the election campaign.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/05/12/this-professor-has-predicted-every-presidential-election-since-1984-hes-still-trying-to-figure-out-2016/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_57_617806209#4_897732620
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Title: How cancer will affect Americans in 2016 — in seven charts - The Washington Post
Headings: How cancer will affect Americans in 2016 — in seven charts
How cancer will affect Americans in 2016 — in seven charts
READ MORE:
Content: For women, breast cancer leads to the second most deaths; for men, it's prostate cancer. Advertisement
Story continues below advertisement
3) Cancer by state. Some states have meaningfully higher cancer incidence rates than others. Such geographic patterns can reflect a range of factors, such as smoking rates and obesity, as well as poverty and access to health care. Easily the largest geographic variation, according to the American Cancer Society, is for lung cancer, which reflects both historical and ongoing differences in the prevalence of smoking. That's a significant reason why Kentucky, which traditionally has had a large number of smoking, has higher rates of lung cancer than Utah, which has among the nation's lowest percentage of smokers. Here are the states with highest overall incidence of cancer for both men and women, though the numbers vary based on particular types of the disease. 4) In nearly two dozen states, cancer has eclipsed heart disease as the leading cause of death. Experts say this change primarily is attributable to significant progress over the years in reducing death from heart disease.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/01/07/how-cancer-will-affect-americans-in-2016-in-xx-charts/
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