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75,654,593 | Juan Sosa | [] | 2023-12-27T07:47:06Z | 2023-12-27T07:49:52Z | [
"Template:Redirect category shell"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Sosa |
||
75,654,606 | Gabino Sosa | Gabino Sosa may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gabino Sosa may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Gabino Sosa may refer to: Gabino Sosa (footballer) (1899-1971), Argentine footballer
Gabino Sosa (comedian) (1938-2003), Uruguayan comedian and musician
Estadio Gabino Sosa, football stadium in Santa Fe, Argentina, named after the footballer | 2023-12-27T07:50:52Z | 2023-12-27T07:53:19Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabino_Sosa |
75,654,609 | Mosque of Lima | The Mosque of Lima, also known as the Mosque of Magdalena del Mar, is a mosque in Lima, Peru. It is one of two mosques in the country, the other being Bab al-Islam Mosque.
It was erected in the areas of a mansion in 1986 by the Palestinian community in the Magdalena del Mar district of the city. The religious building is open to the general public.
In 1986 Miguel Abdalá Hamideh, a Palestinian businessman, donated his home to the Muslim community in Peru that saw its image affected by the actions of the Arab-Israeli conflict, at the same time also to provide an opening for Palestinian refugees arriving in Lima.
The Islamic Association of Peru, which took leadership of the mosque, announced between the decades of 2000 and 2010 that it planned to build a much larger mosque in the same district of Magdalena del Mar, since the number of faithful already reached two thousand, between immigrants (refugees and tourists from the Islamic world) and Peruvian converts, most of them from the Sunni branch.
The mosque is often used as a protest point by Muslims who reject any act of jihadism or Islamophobia.
On May 14, 2019, the mosque was the scene of the Interreligious Council between several religious congregations that coexist in Peru.
The Islamic building is located between jirón Tacna and Alfonso Ugarte avenue, a few kilometers from the Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.
Its façade is not exactly similar to that of an Asian mosque, so many do not use the term "masjid" to define the temple. Its interior has separate musallas for women and men, filled with carpets for prayer towards Mecca in Saudi Arabia.
It is the main place of the Muslim community in Peru, it is the celebration point for Ramadan in the country and it is the main headquarters of the Islamic Association of Peru. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Mosque of Lima, also known as the Mosque of Magdalena del Mar, is a mosque in Lima, Peru. It is one of two mosques in the country, the other being Bab al-Islam Mosque.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was erected in the areas of a mansion in 1986 by the Palestinian community in the Magdalena del Mar district of the city. The religious building is open to the general public.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1986 Miguel Abdalá Hamideh, a Palestinian businessman, donated his home to the Muslim community in Peru that saw its image affected by the actions of the Arab-Israeli conflict, at the same time also to provide an opening for Palestinian refugees arriving in Lima.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Islamic Association of Peru, which took leadership of the mosque, announced between the decades of 2000 and 2010 that it planned to build a much larger mosque in the same district of Magdalena del Mar, since the number of faithful already reached two thousand, between immigrants (refugees and tourists from the Islamic world) and Peruvian converts, most of them from the Sunni branch.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The mosque is often used as a protest point by Muslims who reject any act of jihadism or Islamophobia.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On May 14, 2019, the mosque was the scene of the Interreligious Council between several religious congregations that coexist in Peru.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Islamic building is located between jirón Tacna and Alfonso Ugarte avenue, a few kilometers from the Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary.",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Its façade is not exactly similar to that of an Asian mosque, so many do not use the term \"masjid\" to define the temple. Its interior has separate musallas for women and men, filled with carpets for prayer towards Mecca in Saudi Arabia.",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "It is the main place of the Muslim community in Peru, it is the celebration point for Ramadan in the country and it is the main headquarters of the Islamic Association of Peru.",
"title": "Overview"
}
] | The Mosque of Lima, also known as the Mosque of Magdalena del Mar, is a mosque in Lima, Peru. It is one of two mosques in the country, the other being Bab al-Islam Mosque. It was erected in the areas of a mansion in 1986 by the Palestinian community in the Magdalena del Mar district of the city. The religious building is open to the general public. | 2023-12-27T07:51:07Z | 2023-12-27T07:51:07Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Lima landmarks",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox religious building"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque_of_Lima |
75,654,631 | Pterocryptis indicus | Pterocryptis indicus, is a species of catfish found in the Namdapha River in Arunachal Pradesh, India.
This species reaches a length of 25.3 cm (10.0 in).
The type locality is listed as Hornbill Point, Namdapha River, Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pterocryptis indicus, is a species of catfish found in the Namdapha River in Arunachal Pradesh, India.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This species reaches a length of 25.3 cm (10.0 in).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The type locality is listed as Hornbill Point, Namdapha River, Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India.",
"title": "Type Locality"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Pterocryptis indicus, is a species of catfish found in the Namdapha River in Arunachal Pradesh, India. This species reaches a length of 25.3 cm (10.0 in). | 2023-12-27T07:53:59Z | 2023-12-27T21:34:31Z | [
"Template:FishBase",
"Template:Catfish-stub",
"Template:Italic title",
"Template:Taxobox",
"Template:Convert",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocryptis_indicus |
75,654,635 | Ministry of Trade and Industry (Ethiopia) | The Ministry of Trade and Industry (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ የንግድና የኢንዱስትሪ ሚኒስቴር) is an Ethiopian government department responsible to oversee the national trade and industry sectors in Ethiopia.
The Ministry of Trade and Industry was established in August 1995 with the Proclamation No.4/1995 for assignation of powers to the executive organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It was reorganized by with proclamation No 619/2003 to amend the Proclamation No 256/2001 structure, with the ministry has power to oversee five government institutions that are responsible for encouraging and developing trade, industry and investments activities.
The ministry has given to perform main tasks like encourages and register to chamber of commerce and sectorial associates including consumer association. Under Chambers of Commerce and Sectorial Association Establishment Proclamation No.341/2003, the ministry has also task to strengthen the association that previously established. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Ministry of Trade and Industry (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ የንግድና የኢንዱስትሪ ሚኒስቴር) is an Ethiopian government department responsible to oversee the national trade and industry sectors in Ethiopia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Ministry of Trade and Industry was established in August 1995 with the Proclamation No.4/1995 for assignation of powers to the executive organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It was reorganized by with proclamation No 619/2003 to amend the Proclamation No 256/2001 structure, with the ministry has power to oversee five government institutions that are responsible for encouraging and developing trade, industry and investments activities.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The ministry has given to perform main tasks like encourages and register to chamber of commerce and sectorial associates including consumer association. Under Chambers of Commerce and Sectorial Association Establishment Proclamation No.341/2003, the ministry has also task to strengthen the association that previously established.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Ministry of Trade and Industry is an Ethiopian government department responsible to oversee the national trade and industry sectors in Ethiopia. | 2023-12-27T07:54:28Z | 2023-12-28T01:59:21Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox government agency"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Ethiopia) |
75,654,645 | Nikki McDonald | Nikki McDonald is an American politician and community organizer who is currently serving as a state representative in the Kansas House of Representatives since December 21st, 2023. Following Brad Boyd's resignation, McDonald was appointed by the local Democratic precinct committee.
McDonald worked as a teacher earlier in her career. She has listed education issues as a particular focus in office.
Additionally, McDonald has managed several political campaigns in her district, including her predecessor Brad Boyd's successful Kansas House campaign.
McDonald lives in Olathe with her husband Patrick and two children. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nikki McDonald is an American politician and community organizer who is currently serving as a state representative in the Kansas House of Representatives since December 21st, 2023. Following Brad Boyd's resignation, McDonald was appointed by the local Democratic precinct committee.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "McDonald worked as a teacher earlier in her career. She has listed education issues as a particular focus in office.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Additionally, McDonald has managed several political campaigns in her district, including her predecessor Brad Boyd's successful Kansas House campaign.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "McDonald lives in Olathe with her husband Patrick and two children.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Nikki McDonald is an American politician and community organizer who is currently serving as a state representative in the Kansas House of Representatives since December 21st, 2023. Following Brad Boyd's resignation, McDonald was appointed by the local Democratic precinct committee. | 2023-12-27T07:56:13Z | 2023-12-27T08:03:47Z | [
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"Template:S-par",
"Template:Kansas House of Representatives",
"Template:Kansas-politician-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikki_McDonald |
75,654,648 | AUV (disambiguation) | AUV may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "AUV may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | AUV may refer to: Autonomous underwater vehicle, a robot that travels underwater without requiring continuous input from an operator
auv, the ISO 639 code for Auvergnat, a northern dialect of Occitan spoken in central and southern France
Athletes Unlimited Volleyball, a women's professional indoor volleyball league in the US
The American University of Vietnam, a private, higher-educational institution based in Da Nang City, Vietnam
Asian utility vehicles, a type of road vehicle
Atruvera Aviation, the IATA code AUV | 2023-12-27T07:58:00Z | 2023-12-27T08:18:20Z | [
"Template:Disambig"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AUV_(disambiguation) |
75,654,649 | Aitau | Aitau (Kazakh: Айтау) is a mountain range located in Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan.
The range rises in an almost uninhabited area. Khantau village, Moiynkum District, lies 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the west of the slopes of the Khantau massif, the northern section of the range.
The Aitau Range is a northern prolongation of the Chu-Ili Range. It is located to the south of the Mayzharylgan range. The Betpak-Dala desert lies to the west.
The highest point of the Aitau is 972 meters (3,189 ft) high Mount Sunkar, rising in the Khantau massif at the northwestern end of the range.
The soil is pale and has low carbonate content. Some of the plants found in the range include Artemisia, sedges and Achnatherum, the latter forming clumps. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Aitau (Kazakh: Айтау) is a mountain range located in Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The range rises in an almost uninhabited area. Khantau village, Moiynkum District, lies 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the west of the slopes of the Khantau massif, the northern section of the range.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Aitau Range is a northern prolongation of the Chu-Ili Range. It is located to the south of the Mayzharylgan range. The Betpak-Dala desert lies to the west.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The highest point of the Aitau is 972 meters (3,189 ft) high Mount Sunkar, rising in the Khantau massif at the northwestern end of the range.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The soil is pale and has low carbonate content. Some of the plants found in the range include Artemisia, sedges and Achnatherum, the latter forming clumps.",
"title": "Flora"
}
] | Aitau is a mountain range located in Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan. The range rises in an almost uninhabited area. Khantau village, Moiynkum District, lies 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) to the west of the slopes of the Khantau massif, the northern section of the range. | 2023-12-27T07:58:03Z | 2023-12-29T06:27:23Z | [
"Template:Commonscat inline",
"Template:Infobox mountain range",
"Template:Lang-kz",
"Template:Convert",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitau |
75,654,664 | Thaandavam (soundtrack) | Thaandavam is the soundtrack to the 2012 Tamil-language film of the same name directed by A. L. Vijay, starring Vikram, Anushka Shetty and Amy Jackson. The film's musical score is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar in his 25th film and the album comprises of seven songs written by Na. Muthukumar and an instrumental track. The album was released at a launch event held in Chennai on 15 August 2012 coinciding Independence Day and the soundtrack was marketed to digital platforms and CDs through Junglee Music label.
Thaandavam is Prakash's fourth collaboration with Vijay after Kireedam (2007), Madrasapattinam (2010) and Deiva Thirumagal (2011). Like the previous films, Prakash said that there are five songs in the film which would be "melodious and romantic". He used the piano for the theme music and another bit song that would total up to eight in number. However, the film would also consist of "stylish action music".
When Vijay was scouting locations abroad, Prakash sent the tunes for the film via video conferencing through Skype. The song "Oru Paadhi Kadhavu" was initially written for Madrasapattinam that had not been used. During a flight trip to Kerala, Vijay and Prakash casually discussed about a romantic number, resulting the unused track came into the way for this film. Throughout the discussion, Prakash structured the entire song on the flight. The song marked the debut of playback singer Vandana Srinivasan who performed with the counterpart singer Haricharan.
Three of the film's songs had been composed after the lyrics were written. Alyssa Mendonsa, the daughter of Loy Mendonsa from the Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy trio was introduced in the track "Will You Be There". S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Saindhavi, Sathya Prakash, Rahul Nambiar, Chinnaponnu, Velmurugan and Megha performed the tracks, with Prakash performing two of them.
The music rights were secured by Junglee Music. On 22 July 2012, the track list was updated through social media consisting of eight tracks in total. The following day, G. Dhananjayan, executive producer and head of distribution at UTV Motion Pictures, confirmed that the film's music would be launched on Independence Day (15 August 2012), and an online contest was held for fans to participate in the audio launch. The invitation was designed with the seven tandavas of Lord Shiva along with stills from the film. The event was held at the Chennai Trade Centre in Nandambakkam, with the cast and crew (excluding Anushka and Santhanam) along with other prominent directors and actors in attendance. The organisers also arranged for action games like rope climbing and shooting as an innovative approach.
Behindwoods rated two-and-a-half stars out of five, saying "Though definitely a good job, it doesn't match up to some of the young composer’s previous works like Mayakkam Enna and Aadukalam." Moviecrow gave 6.5/10 to the album, saying "The songs may not get you on a repeat mode right away. But, the songs are expected to get better with director Vijay and Nirav Shah's skillful picturization on terrific Chiyaan, pretty Amy and demure Anushka set in beautiful locales." Critic based at News18 called it as "a fairly good compilation of songs [...] But, the kind of intensity we saw from GV in Aadukalam and Mayakkam Enna are missing. It won't be a surprise if any of these numbers don't become cult classics. However, the progress this man has shown over 25 movies is remarkable and deserves applause." Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog wrote "High on melody, Thaandavam is a poised effort from GVP!" | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Thaandavam is the soundtrack to the 2012 Tamil-language film of the same name directed by A. L. Vijay, starring Vikram, Anushka Shetty and Amy Jackson. The film's musical score is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar in his 25th film and the album comprises of seven songs written by Na. Muthukumar and an instrumental track. The album was released at a launch event held in Chennai on 15 August 2012 coinciding Independence Day and the soundtrack was marketed to digital platforms and CDs through Junglee Music label.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Thaandavam is Prakash's fourth collaboration with Vijay after Kireedam (2007), Madrasapattinam (2010) and Deiva Thirumagal (2011). Like the previous films, Prakash said that there are five songs in the film which would be \"melodious and romantic\". He used the piano for the theme music and another bit song that would total up to eight in number. However, the film would also consist of \"stylish action music\".",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "When Vijay was scouting locations abroad, Prakash sent the tunes for the film via video conferencing through Skype. The song \"Oru Paadhi Kadhavu\" was initially written for Madrasapattinam that had not been used. During a flight trip to Kerala, Vijay and Prakash casually discussed about a romantic number, resulting the unused track came into the way for this film. Throughout the discussion, Prakash structured the entire song on the flight. The song marked the debut of playback singer Vandana Srinivasan who performed with the counterpart singer Haricharan.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Three of the film's songs had been composed after the lyrics were written. Alyssa Mendonsa, the daughter of Loy Mendonsa from the Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy trio was introduced in the track \"Will You Be There\". S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Saindhavi, Sathya Prakash, Rahul Nambiar, Chinnaponnu, Velmurugan and Megha performed the tracks, with Prakash performing two of them.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The music rights were secured by Junglee Music. On 22 July 2012, the track list was updated through social media consisting of eight tracks in total. The following day, G. Dhananjayan, executive producer and head of distribution at UTV Motion Pictures, confirmed that the film's music would be launched on Independence Day (15 August 2012), and an online contest was held for fans to participate in the audio launch. The invitation was designed with the seven tandavas of Lord Shiva along with stills from the film. The event was held at the Chennai Trade Centre in Nandambakkam, with the cast and crew (excluding Anushka and Santhanam) along with other prominent directors and actors in attendance. The organisers also arranged for action games like rope climbing and shooting as an innovative approach.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Behindwoods rated two-and-a-half stars out of five, saying \"Though definitely a good job, it doesn't match up to some of the young composer’s previous works like Mayakkam Enna and Aadukalam.\" Moviecrow gave 6.5/10 to the album, saying \"The songs may not get you on a repeat mode right away. But, the songs are expected to get better with director Vijay and Nirav Shah's skillful picturization on terrific Chiyaan, pretty Amy and demure Anushka set in beautiful locales.\" Critic based at News18 called it as \"a fairly good compilation of songs [...] But, the kind of intensity we saw from GV in Aadukalam and Mayakkam Enna are missing. It won't be a surprise if any of these numbers don't become cult classics. However, the progress this man has shown over 25 movies is remarkable and deserves applause.\" Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog wrote \"High on melody, Thaandavam is a poised effort from GVP!\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Thaandavam is the soundtrack to the 2012 Tamil-language film of the same name directed by A. L. Vijay, starring Vikram, Anushka Shetty and Amy Jackson. The film's musical score is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar in his 25th film and the album comprises of seven songs written by Na. Muthukumar and an instrumental track. The album was released at a launch event held in Chennai on 15 August 2012 coinciding Independence Day and the soundtrack was marketed to digital platforms and CDs through Junglee Music label. | 2023-12-27T08:00:07Z | 2023-12-31T03:10:33Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaandavam_(soundtrack) |
75,654,680 | Lanjisu internet cafe fire | At around 2:40 AM on June 16, 2002, a fire broke out at a two-story internet cafe in Haidian district, Beijing. 25 people died and 13 others were injured. Many of the dead and injured people were university students. The fire was the deadliest fire in Beijing in over 50 years. The fire was an arson; four youngsters were punished for the crime.
Lanjisu ("Blue Speed") internet cafe was an unlicensed two-story establishment located in Haidian, Beijing's university district. At the time, illegal internet cafes were common: according to authorities, only 200 out of 2,400 internet cafes in the city had permits. The operator was Zheng Wenjing, a 36-year-old engineer, assisted by his girlfriend Zhang Minmin.
Two boys, 14-year-old Song and 13-year-old Zhang, confessed to lighting the fire out of revenge after a dispute with staff. On television news, one of the boys was shown telling investigators "I burned the Lanjisu with gasoline because they would not let us play there." The boys plotted the arson two weeks in advance.
Song and Zhang purchased 1.8 liters of gasoline from a nearby gas station at 11:00 PM on June 15th, a few hours before setting fire to the internet cafe.
The fire broke out at 2:40 in the morning. At the time, the cafe was crowded. Making matters worse, the windows of the cafe had been barred and there was just one door, which was kept locked. The fire was put out by 3:30 AM. The fire claimed 25 lives, and 13 were injured. Many were students from eight nearby universities. The fire was the deadliest in Beijing in more than 50 years.
Beijing Mayor Liu Qi ordered Beijing internet cafes to close for safety inspections. Only properly licensed establishments would be allowed to reopen.
Cafe owner Zhang Wenjing turned himself in. For illegally operating the cafe, he was sentenced to 3 years in prison and was fined 300,000 yuan. His girlfriend Zhang Minmin was sentenced to 1 year and 6 months in prison, and was fined 200,000 yuan. The gas station which sold the teenagers the gasoline was fined 50,000 yuan.
Of the four culprits, two boys were sentenced to life in prison, a female accomplice was sentenced to 12-year prison term, and another boy was sent to a Beijing reform school. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "At around 2:40 AM on June 16, 2002, a fire broke out at a two-story internet cafe in Haidian district, Beijing. 25 people died and 13 others were injured. Many of the dead and injured people were university students. The fire was the deadliest fire in Beijing in over 50 years. The fire was an arson; four youngsters were punished for the crime.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lanjisu (\"Blue Speed\") internet cafe was an unlicensed two-story establishment located in Haidian, Beijing's university district. At the time, illegal internet cafes were common: according to authorities, only 200 out of 2,400 internet cafes in the city had permits. The operator was Zheng Wenjing, a 36-year-old engineer, assisted by his girlfriend Zhang Minmin.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Two boys, 14-year-old Song and 13-year-old Zhang, confessed to lighting the fire out of revenge after a dispute with staff. On television news, one of the boys was shown telling investigators \"I burned the Lanjisu with gasoline because they would not let us play there.\" The boys plotted the arson two weeks in advance.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Song and Zhang purchased 1.8 liters of gasoline from a nearby gas station at 11:00 PM on June 15th, a few hours before setting fire to the internet cafe.",
"title": "Fire"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The fire broke out at 2:40 in the morning. At the time, the cafe was crowded. Making matters worse, the windows of the cafe had been barred and there was just one door, which was kept locked. The fire was put out by 3:30 AM. The fire claimed 25 lives, and 13 were injured. Many were students from eight nearby universities. The fire was the deadliest in Beijing in more than 50 years.",
"title": "Fire"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Beijing Mayor Liu Qi ordered Beijing internet cafes to close for safety inspections. Only properly licensed establishments would be allowed to reopen.",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Cafe owner Zhang Wenjing turned himself in. For illegally operating the cafe, he was sentenced to 3 years in prison and was fined 300,000 yuan. His girlfriend Zhang Minmin was sentenced to 1 year and 6 months in prison, and was fined 200,000 yuan. The gas station which sold the teenagers the gasoline was fined 50,000 yuan.",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Of the four culprits, two boys were sentenced to life in prison, a female accomplice was sentenced to 12-year prison term, and another boy was sent to a Beijing reform school.",
"title": "Consequences"
}
] | At around 2:40 AM on June 16, 2002, a fire broke out at a two-story internet cafe in Haidian district, Beijing. 25 people died and 13 others were injured. Many of the dead and injured people were university students. The fire was the deadliest fire in Beijing in over 50 years. The fire was an arson; four youngsters were punished for the crime. | 2023-12-27T08:03:11Z | 2023-12-27T19:22:01Z | [
"Template:Infobox event",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanjisu_internet_cafe_fire |
75,654,683 | AVV (disambiguation) | AVV may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "AVV may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | AVV may refer to: Avalon Airport, the IATA code AVV
avv, the ISO 639-code for Avá-Canoeiro language
Augsburger Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund, the transit authority of the city of Augsburg
Annemiek van Vleuten, a Dutch professional road racing cyclist | 2023-12-27T08:03:21Z | 2023-12-27T08:11:18Z | [
"Template:Disambig"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVV_(disambiguation) |
75,654,693 | Kumki (soundtrack) | Kumki is the soundtrack to the 2012 film of the same name directed by Prabhu Solomon, starring Vikram Prabhu (in his film debut) and Lakshmi Menon. The ten-song soundtrack consisted of seven musical numbers composed by D. Imman and written by Yugabharathi, and karaoke versions of three songs. Kumki is Imman's second collaboration with Solomon after Lee (2007) and Mynaa (2010).
The soundtrack which mostly consisted of folk and melody numbers, released at a launch event in Chennai on 1 August 2012, with the album being distributed by Sony Music India. It received generally positive critical response with praise directed towards its compositions and lyrics and fetched Imman his maiden Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director and Filmfare Award for Best Music Director amongst other accolades.
"When you watch some films without music, it will just stand as plain visuals and music is the element which breathes life into the visuals. This holds good even for Hollywood films. Even in Titanic (1995), when you watch it without music, it would just appear as plain life-less ship. When you open the music, the ship takes life."
— Prabhu Solomon
Solomon and Imman described the film's music as one of the "strongest back bone" and the "vital part" in the film's script as it is being a musical film. Imman complimented Vikram's "unique taste" in music who suggested him to score only melodies. He worked on the film's music and score within eight months.
For the song "Onnum Puriyala", the track was initially recorded with three singers, but Solomon dissatisfied with the vocals zeroed on Imman after he hummed few lines of the track, which satisfied their expectations. For "Ayayayoo Aananthamey", Solomon initially wanted to bring two popular singers giving huge renumeration in advance and had recorded in Mumbai, but he was not satisfied as Solomon wanted the feel and expression of a mahout in the voice that should scream of jubilation and should not be digressed. Solomon then narrated the story to Haricharan, who was brought in for recording the track, and eventually sang the song like how a mahout would.
While most of the album consisted of melodic numbers, the film had two tracks "Yella Oorum"—a travel song and "Soi Soi"—a folk number, which were considered to be "racy". Apart from the music, locations and cinematography also play an integral part in the film. The song "Sollitaley Ava Kadhala" was shot in the Jog Falls, and "Ayayayoo Aananthamey" and "Onnum Puriyala" were shot in the Kerala and Orissa border. Most of the film, including the songs, have been shot in natural low-light photography by M. Sukumar according to Solomon's suggestion.
Kumki's soundtrack was distributed by Sony Music in digital and physical formats on 1 August 2012. The release coincided with an event held at Sathyam Cinemas in Chennai, where Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan and Suriya, amongst other celebrities in the film's cast and crew, participated in the function. Kamal Haasan unveiled the audio CD and handed the first copy of the album to Rajinikanth and Suriya.
All lyrics are written by Yugabharathi
The soundtrack was met with critical acclaim. Kaushik L. M. of Behindwoods gave the album a rating of 3.5 out of 5 describing it as "another huge winner" from Imman and Prabhu Solomon's collaboration following Mynaa; the review further stated "There are tasteful melodies spread across the album while one nice foot tapping number is there as well". A review from Indiaglitz gave 3 out of 5 and summarised "All the 10 numbers make Kumki a jumbo album". Another user review, written by Rameh Ganapathy and published in the same website, described the music as "enjoyable". Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog said that "Imman is firmly consolidating his form through Kumki" Vipin Nair of Music Aloud gave 7 out of 10 to the album and called it as an "impressive soundtrack" despite "couple of damp squibs". | [
{
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The soundtrack which mostly consisted of folk and melody numbers, released at a launch event in Chennai on 1 August 2012, with the album being distributed by Sony Music India. It received generally positive critical response with praise directed towards its compositions and lyrics and fetched Imman his maiden Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director and Filmfare Award for Best Music Director amongst other accolades.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "\"When you watch some films without music, it will just stand as plain visuals and music is the element which breathes life into the visuals. This holds good even for Hollywood films. Even in Titanic (1995), when you watch it without music, it would just appear as plain life-less ship. When you open the music, the ship takes life.\"",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "— Prabhu Solomon",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Solomon and Imman described the film's music as one of the \"strongest back bone\" and the \"vital part\" in the film's script as it is being a musical film. Imman complimented Vikram's \"unique taste\" in music who suggested him to score only melodies. He worked on the film's music and score within eight months.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "For the song \"Onnum Puriyala\", the track was initially recorded with three singers, but Solomon dissatisfied with the vocals zeroed on Imman after he hummed few lines of the track, which satisfied their expectations. For \"Ayayayoo Aananthamey\", Solomon initially wanted to bring two popular singers giving huge renumeration in advance and had recorded in Mumbai, but he was not satisfied as Solomon wanted the feel and expression of a mahout in the voice that should scream of jubilation and should not be digressed. Solomon then narrated the story to Haricharan, who was brought in for recording the track, and eventually sang the song like how a mahout would.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "While most of the album consisted of melodic numbers, the film had two tracks \"Yella Oorum\"—a travel song and \"Soi Soi\"—a folk number, which were considered to be \"racy\". Apart from the music, locations and cinematography also play an integral part in the film. The song \"Sollitaley Ava Kadhala\" was shot in the Jog Falls, and \"Ayayayoo Aananthamey\" and \"Onnum Puriyala\" were shot in the Kerala and Orissa border. Most of the film, including the songs, have been shot in natural low-light photography by M. Sukumar according to Solomon's suggestion.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Kumki's soundtrack was distributed by Sony Music in digital and physical formats on 1 August 2012. The release coincided with an event held at Sathyam Cinemas in Chennai, where Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan and Suriya, amongst other celebrities in the film's cast and crew, participated in the function. Kamal Haasan unveiled the audio CD and handed the first copy of the album to Rajinikanth and Suriya.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "All lyrics are written by Yugabharathi",
"title": "Track listing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The soundtrack was met with critical acclaim. Kaushik L. M. of Behindwoods gave the album a rating of 3.5 out of 5 describing it as \"another huge winner\" from Imman and Prabhu Solomon's collaboration following Mynaa; the review further stated \"There are tasteful melodies spread across the album while one nice foot tapping number is there as well\". A review from Indiaglitz gave 3 out of 5 and summarised \"All the 10 numbers make Kumki a jumbo album\". Another user review, written by Rameh Ganapathy and published in the same website, described the music as \"enjoyable\". Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog said that \"Imman is firmly consolidating his form through Kumki\" Vipin Nair of Music Aloud gave 7 out of 10 to the album and called it as an \"impressive soundtrack\" despite \"couple of damp squibs\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Kumki is the soundtrack to the 2012 film of the same name directed by Prabhu Solomon, starring Vikram Prabhu and Lakshmi Menon. The ten-song soundtrack consisted of seven musical numbers composed by D. Imman and written by Yugabharathi, and karaoke versions of three songs. Kumki is Imman's second collaboration with Solomon after Lee (2007) and Mynaa (2010). The soundtrack which mostly consisted of folk and melody numbers, released at a launch event in Chennai on 1 August 2012, with the album being distributed by Sony Music India. It received generally positive critical response with praise directed towards its compositions and lyrics and fetched Imman his maiden Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director and Filmfare Award for Best Music Director amongst other accolades. | 2023-12-27T08:05:37Z | 2023-12-30T11:30:06Z | [
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75,654,702 | Algeria at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics | Algeria will compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024.
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Algeria received one male quota. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Algeria will compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.",
"title": "Competitors"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Algeria received one male quota.",
"title": "Alpine skiing"
}
] | Algeria will compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024. | 2023-12-27T08:06:23Z | 2023-12-30T21:07:08Z | [
"Template:Infobox country at games",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Nations at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria_at_the_2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics |
75,654,713 | Norman Cross, Cambridgeshire | Norman Cross is a hamlet in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies south of Peterborough, between the villages of Folksworth, Stilton and Yaxley, and at the junction of the A1 and A15 roads. Traditionally in the county of Huntingdonshire, Norman Cross gave its name to one of the hundreds of Huntingdonshire and, from 1894 to 1974, to Norman Cross Rural District. The hamlet is situated partly in the civil parish of Folksworth and Washingley, west of the A1, and partly in Yaxley, to the east.
Norman Cross was the site of one of the earliest purpose-built prisoner-of-war camps, Norman Cross Prison, and a memorial to the prisoners who died there was erected in 1914 and relocated in 2005. It takes the form of a bronze imperial eagle on a column.
52°30′14″N 0°17′27″W / 52.5038°N 0.2908°W / 52.5038; -0.2908 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Norman Cross is a hamlet in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies south of Peterborough, between the villages of Folksworth, Stilton and Yaxley, and at the junction of the A1 and A15 roads. Traditionally in the county of Huntingdonshire, Norman Cross gave its name to one of the hundreds of Huntingdonshire and, from 1894 to 1974, to Norman Cross Rural District. The hamlet is situated partly in the civil parish of Folksworth and Washingley, west of the A1, and partly in Yaxley, to the east.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Norman Cross was the site of one of the earliest purpose-built prisoner-of-war camps, Norman Cross Prison, and a memorial to the prisoners who died there was erected in 1914 and relocated in 2005. It takes the form of a bronze imperial eagle on a column.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "52°30′14″N 0°17′27″W / 52.5038°N 0.2908°W / 52.5038; -0.2908",
"title": "References"
}
] | Norman Cross is a hamlet in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies south of Peterborough, between the villages of Folksworth, Stilton and Yaxley, and at the junction of the A1 and A15 roads. Traditionally in the county of Huntingdonshire, Norman Cross gave its name to one of the hundreds of Huntingdonshire and, from 1894 to 1974, to Norman Cross Rural District. The hamlet is situated partly in the civil parish of Folksworth and Washingley, west of the A1, and partly in Yaxley, to the east. Norman Cross was the site of one of the earliest purpose-built prisoner-of-war camps, Norman Cross Prison, and a memorial to the prisoners who died there was erected in 1914 and relocated in 2005. It takes the form of a bronze imperial eagle on a column. | 2023-12-27T08:09:31Z | 2023-12-28T11:13:56Z | [
"Template:Coord",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Cross,_Cambridgeshire |
75,654,723 | Pablo Torres | Pablo Torres may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pablo Torres may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Pablo Torres may refer to: Pablo Torres Tapia (1908-1967), Filipino banker and lawyer
Pablo Torres (footballer), Argentine footballer
Pablo Torres (cyclist), Spanish cyclist | 2023-12-27T08:11:45Z | 2023-12-27T08:14:41Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Torres |
75,654,747 | YBP (disambiguation) | YBP or Ybp may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "YBP or Ybp may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | YBP or Ybp may refer to: years before present, a time scale used in scientific disciplines
Yibin Wuliangye Airport, the IATA code YBP
Ytterbium phosphide, the chemical formula YbP
Y.B.P. (song), featuring Bruiser Wolf
Yellow Bird Project, a charity organization | 2023-12-27T08:15:55Z | 2023-12-27T11:47:45Z | [
"Template:Disambig"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YBP_(disambiguation) |
75,654,760 | Jorge Traverso | Jorge Traverso may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jorge Traverso may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Jorge Traverso may refer to: Jorge Traverso (footballer), Argentine footbaler
Jorge Traverso (journalist), Uruguayan journalist and anchor | 2023-12-27T08:18:34Z | 2023-12-27T08:20:15Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Traverso |
75,654,764 | List of historical separatist movements in South America | This is a list of historical separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
They are no longer an active movement with active members. They are demanded greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). They were citizens/people of the conflict area and did not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state. Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession. De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region. Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control. Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession. Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations. Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities. Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).
•Rio Grande do Sul o Political party: Movimento da República Rio-Grandense o Proposed state: Riograndense Republic •Santa Catarina o Political party: Frente de Libertação da República Catarinense o Proposed state: Juliana Republic •São Paulo o Political party: Movimento República de São Paulo, Movimento São Paulo Independente, Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932, 1924 Paulista Revolt, 1887 Manifest, Acclaim of Amador Bueno. o Proposed state: Republic of São Paulo •Parts of Pernambuco , Paraíba and Ceará o Proposed state: Confederation of the Equator
•Parts of Andean Region o Rebel organization: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) o Secessionist entities: Marquetalia Republic and several other communist-oriented Independent Republics •Antioquia o Pressure Group: Antioquia Rebelde •Arauca o Secessionist entity: Republic of Arauca •Caribbean Region o Pressure Group: Liga Costeña •Cauca o Goals: Annexation to Ecuador •Isthmus o Secessionist entity: Isthmus State •Parts of Nariño o Rebel organization: Royalist guerrillas •Panama o Political Party: Panamian Liberal Party o Proposed State: Republic of Panama •Pasto province
• Political: People's Progressive Party • Political/violent: People's National Congress
•Loreto o Political party: Liga Loretana
•Logia Lautaro | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a list of historical separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:",
"title": "Criteria"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "They are no longer an active movement with active members. They are demanded greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). They were citizens/people of the conflict area and did not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following:",
"title": "Criteria"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy. Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state. Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession. De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region. Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control. Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession. Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations. Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities. Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).",
"title": "Criteria"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "•Rio Grande do Sul o Political party: Movimento da República Rio-Grandense o Proposed state: Riograndense Republic •Santa Catarina o Political party: Frente de Libertação da República Catarinense o Proposed state: Juliana Republic •São Paulo o Political party: Movimento República de São Paulo, Movimento São Paulo Independente, Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932, 1924 Paulista Revolt, 1887 Manifest, Acclaim of Amador Bueno. o Proposed state: Republic of São Paulo •Parts of Pernambuco , Paraíba and Ceará o Proposed state: Confederation of the Equator",
"title": "Brazil"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "•Parts of Andean Region o Rebel organization: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) o Secessionist entities: Marquetalia Republic and several other communist-oriented Independent Republics •Antioquia o Pressure Group: Antioquia Rebelde •Arauca o Secessionist entity: Republic of Arauca •Caribbean Region o Pressure Group: Liga Costeña •Cauca o Goals: Annexation to Ecuador •Isthmus o Secessionist entity: Isthmus State •Parts of Nariño o Rebel organization: Royalist guerrillas •Panama o Political Party: Panamian Liberal Party o Proposed State: Republic of Panama •Pasto province",
"title": "Colombia"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "• Political: People's Progressive Party • Political/violent: People's National Congress",
"title": "Guyana"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "•Loreto o Political party: Liga Loretana",
"title": "Peru"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "•Logia Lautaro",
"title": "Spanish America"
}
] | This is a list of historical separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. | 2023-12-27T08:19:38Z | 2023-12-29T19:49:52Z | [
"Template:Article for deletion/dated",
"Template:Orphan"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_separatist_movements_in_South_America |
75,654,767 | List of Black Canadian writers | This is a list of Black Canadian writers. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a list of Black Canadian writers.",
"title": ""
}
] | This is a list of Black Canadian writers. | 2023-12-27T08:20:54Z | 2023-12-27T08:48:53Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Dynamic list",
"Template:TOC right"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Black_Canadian_writers |
75,654,770 | A-League Men Grand Final | The A-League Men Grand Final is an association football match to determine the champions for an A-League Men season. Played at the end of the finals series, the game has been held annually since 2006.
The club which wins the grand final receives the A-League Men championship trophy, and the best player receives the Joe Marston Medal.
As of 2023, a total of 18 grand finals have been played, four of which have ended in penalty shoot-outs. Sydney FC have won five grand finals, the most of any club; Melbourne Victory have the second-most with four, and Brisbane Roar third-most with three. Sydney FC have also appeared in the most grand finals, a total of seven; and the only club along with Brisbane Roar to win back-to-back Grand Finals. Every current A-League Men club has played in at least one grand final, with the exception of Macarthur FC and Wellington Phoenix.
The A-League Men was established for the 2005–06 season by eight clubs, after the National Soccer League folded in 2004. The national league finals system was then reverted back to the page playoff system, so only top four teams can qualify. The first grand final in 2006 took place at Sydney Football Stadium between Sydney FC and Central Coast Mariners as Sydney FC won the home ground advantage by defeating premiers Adelaide United to host. Sydney won 1–0 to become the first champions of the A-League Men. The first Joe Marston Medalist was Dwight Yorke, captain of Sydney FC at the time. In 2007, The Original Rivalry teams of premiers Melbourne Victory defeated Adelaide United 6–0; the largest margin of an A-League Men grand final. At Telstra Dome (now Marvel Stadium), it set the largest sporting attendance at the venue of 55,436. Archie Thompson scored five in the match; the only player to score five goals in an A-League Men grand final, earning him the Joe Marston Medal.
The grand final in 2008 between the Central Coast Mariners and Newcastle Jets, despite Central Coast as the host winner and Bluetongue Stadium (now Industree Group Stadiums) being deemed by FFA insufficient capacity to host the grand final, Sydney Football Stadium instead hosted the grand final for the second time, which was won 1–0 by Newcastle. The Original Rivalry teams returned to the grand final in 2009, with Victory claiming their second championship; winning 1–0 against Adelaide becoming the first A-Leagues club to win the domestic treble. Melbourne Victory and Sydney FC, teams of The Big Blue were the grand finalists of 2010; the fourth consecutive rivalry grand final since 2007. Sydney won 4–2 after the first penalty shoot-out in the A-League Men grand final after a 1–1 draw at Etihad Stadium's third and final A-League Men grand final.
With Brisbane Roar claiming the premiership and hosting the grand final in 2011 against Central Coast Mariners, it became the first grand final since its establishment outside of Melbourne and Sydney, to be hosted at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane. Brisbane won 4–2 on penalties, after a 2–2 draw by two late Brisbane goals in the final four minutes of extra time. Mathew Ryan with the Central Coast Mariners won the Joe Marston Medal as the first to win it on the losing team of the A-League Men grand final. It returned to Suncorp Stadium the following year in 2012, with Brisbane against the Perth Glory; 2–1 via a late comeback winner, becoming the first A-League Men club to win back-to-back grand finals.
The Western Sydney Wanderers in their first ever season reached the 2013 grand final against the Central Coast Mariners. The host venue was again chosen as Sydney Football Stadium for the third time, due to Wanderers' home ground Parramatta Stadium unable to host due to insufficient capacity for the event. Central Coast won 2–0, after losing their past three grand finals. Western Sydney Wanderers reached the grand final again the following year in 2014 with Brisbane Roar hosting for the third time at Suncorp Stadium for the last three of four grand finals since 2011. Brisbane won 2–1 in extra time to win a record third grand final. The Big Blue teams (Melbourne Victory and Sydney FC) reached the grand final for the second time in 2015. Due to Etihad Stadium and Melbourne Cricket Ground being unavailable for the event, AAMI Park became the last option to play host for the 2015 grand final. Melbourne Victory won 3–0; a record equalling third grand final win to the Brisbane Roar. Adelaide United played host for the first time in their third grand final against the Western Sydney Wanderers also in their third in the past four for the 2016 grand final. Adelaide Oval was the chosen venue, instead of Adelaide's usual home ground Coopers Stadium due to bigger capacity and for hosting high-profile matches. Adelaide United won 3–1 to record their first grand final win and the Western Sydney Wanderers' third loss still yet to win.
The Big Blue teams played the 2017 hosted at Allianz Stadium in Sydney for the fourth time, as Sydney won 4–2 on penalties after a 1–1 draw to equal Brisbane Roar and Melbourne Victory on most grand final wins with three. Newcastle Jets reached the grand final in 2018 after a ten-year drought against the Melbourne Victory hosted at McDonald Jones Stadium for the first time. Victory won 1–0 for a record fourth grand final win. Kosta Barbarouses' 9th minute goal in the match become the fastest scored in the A-League Men grand final. It also ultimately sparked controversy for the video assistant referee (VAR) that failed to detect an offside for Victory's awarded goal. Perth Glory qualified for their first grand final since 2012 in Brisbane against Sydney FC at Optus Stadium attended by 56,371; the current record of an A-League Men grand final attendance. Sydney won 4–1 on penalties after 0–0 draw; the third time they won on penalties and the record equalling fourth win overall.
During the 2019–20 A-League season, it was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and ultimately suspended the season in March 2020. From that point, matches were played behind closed doors, teams travelled interstate, and crowds were restricted for the semi-finals and grand final. These measures caused the entire finals series to be played at Bankwest Stadium (now CommBank Stadium), meaning the 2020 grand final would be first to be hosted at a neutral venue. Whilst originally scheduled for May 2020, it was postponed to August 2020; the first time the A-League Men grand final was played after May. The match was played between Sydney FC and first-timers Melbourne City in a restricted crowd of 7,051. Sydney won 1–0 after extra time to win a record fifth Australian championship and grand final. The same teams met the following year in 2021 with Melbourne City claiming the host at AAMI Park in a 14,017 sell-out crowd of half-capacity, with travelling fans unable to attend due to Sydney's 2021 lockdown. City claimed revenge and won 3–1 to win their first A-League Men grand final. City reached the 2022 grand final for their third consecutive appearance; against locals Western United. It was the first grand final since the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia with no crowd restrictions. Western United won 2–0 to win their first grand final in their third season of existence.
It was announced in December 2022, that the 2023, 2024 and 2025 A-Leagues grand finals would be played in Sydney as part of a deal with Destination NSW, breaking the tradition of the highest placed team to host their grand final; the announcement initially being met with universal backlash from fans of all clubs, former players and active support groups. The 2023 grand final was then initially set to play at CommBank Stadium which would be the second time it would host there, both times as a neutral venue. Melbourne City and Central Coast Mariners were the participants for this grand final, as Central Coast won 6–1; the second A-League Men grand final where a team scored six goals. Fan controversies continued after the match, for the shape of Melbourne City's disadvantages for the match such as outnumbered fans and not hosting at AAMI Park. The Sydney grand final decision was eventually reversed in October 2023, in replacement of Unite Round.
Notes
The A-League Men's championship trophy is the main prize for winning the grand final and being crowned champions. Designed by Sydney design company D3 Design, it resembles a laurel wreath. "We used this model as a basis for a unique, cutting-edge design – our trophy is a modern and versatile translation of the wreath. The winners can hold it above their heads as a symbol of success"." It is nicknamed the "Toilet Seat" due to its shape.
The Joe Marston Medal is the award given to the player of the match of the A-League Men grand final. It is named after Joe Marston who played for the Australia men's national soccer team from 1947 to 1958 and a member of Preston North End in the 1954 FA Cup final.
It has been awarded ever since the 1980 NSL season which was first won by Abbas Saad with Sydney Olympic. Until the A-League Men was formed, Dwight Yorke with Sydney FC became the first to win the Joe Marston Medal under the A-League Men. Currently, no one has won the award more than once in the A-League Men era.
The stadiums of an A-League Men grand final varies through the highest placed semi-final winning team to host in their own vicinity. Two exceptions have occurred in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and 2023 due to the Sydney grand final decision; both of which have been played at Western Sydney Stadium.
Multiple instances have occurred where clubs' home stadiums are deemed insufficient to host the grand final and instead moved to a venue with more capacity in their vicinity. Examples include Central Coast Mariners in 2007 hosting at Sydney Football Stadium instead of Central Coast Stadium; and Western Sydney Wanderers in 2013 also hosting at Sydney Football Stadium instead of Parramatta Stadium.
Italics: Neutral venue | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The A-League Men Grand Final is an association football match to determine the champions for an A-League Men season. Played at the end of the finals series, the game has been held annually since 2006.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The club which wins the grand final receives the A-League Men championship trophy, and the best player receives the Joe Marston Medal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "As of 2023, a total of 18 grand finals have been played, four of which have ended in penalty shoot-outs. Sydney FC have won five grand finals, the most of any club; Melbourne Victory have the second-most with four, and Brisbane Roar third-most with three. Sydney FC have also appeared in the most grand finals, a total of seven; and the only club along with Brisbane Roar to win back-to-back Grand Finals. Every current A-League Men club has played in at least one grand final, with the exception of Macarthur FC and Wellington Phoenix.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The A-League Men was established for the 2005–06 season by eight clubs, after the National Soccer League folded in 2004. The national league finals system was then reverted back to the page playoff system, so only top four teams can qualify. The first grand final in 2006 took place at Sydney Football Stadium between Sydney FC and Central Coast Mariners as Sydney FC won the home ground advantage by defeating premiers Adelaide United to host. Sydney won 1–0 to become the first champions of the A-League Men. The first Joe Marston Medalist was Dwight Yorke, captain of Sydney FC at the time. In 2007, The Original Rivalry teams of premiers Melbourne Victory defeated Adelaide United 6–0; the largest margin of an A-League Men grand final. At Telstra Dome (now Marvel Stadium), it set the largest sporting attendance at the venue of 55,436. Archie Thompson scored five in the match; the only player to score five goals in an A-League Men grand final, earning him the Joe Marston Medal.",
"title": "Match history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The grand final in 2008 between the Central Coast Mariners and Newcastle Jets, despite Central Coast as the host winner and Bluetongue Stadium (now Industree Group Stadiums) being deemed by FFA insufficient capacity to host the grand final, Sydney Football Stadium instead hosted the grand final for the second time, which was won 1–0 by Newcastle. The Original Rivalry teams returned to the grand final in 2009, with Victory claiming their second championship; winning 1–0 against Adelaide becoming the first A-Leagues club to win the domestic treble. Melbourne Victory and Sydney FC, teams of The Big Blue were the grand finalists of 2010; the fourth consecutive rivalry grand final since 2007. Sydney won 4–2 after the first penalty shoot-out in the A-League Men grand final after a 1–1 draw at Etihad Stadium's third and final A-League Men grand final.",
"title": "Match history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "With Brisbane Roar claiming the premiership and hosting the grand final in 2011 against Central Coast Mariners, it became the first grand final since its establishment outside of Melbourne and Sydney, to be hosted at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane. Brisbane won 4–2 on penalties, after a 2–2 draw by two late Brisbane goals in the final four minutes of extra time. Mathew Ryan with the Central Coast Mariners won the Joe Marston Medal as the first to win it on the losing team of the A-League Men grand final. It returned to Suncorp Stadium the following year in 2012, with Brisbane against the Perth Glory; 2–1 via a late comeback winner, becoming the first A-League Men club to win back-to-back grand finals.",
"title": "Match history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Western Sydney Wanderers in their first ever season reached the 2013 grand final against the Central Coast Mariners. The host venue was again chosen as Sydney Football Stadium for the third time, due to Wanderers' home ground Parramatta Stadium unable to host due to insufficient capacity for the event. Central Coast won 2–0, after losing their past three grand finals. Western Sydney Wanderers reached the grand final again the following year in 2014 with Brisbane Roar hosting for the third time at Suncorp Stadium for the last three of four grand finals since 2011. Brisbane won 2–1 in extra time to win a record third grand final. The Big Blue teams (Melbourne Victory and Sydney FC) reached the grand final for the second time in 2015. Due to Etihad Stadium and Melbourne Cricket Ground being unavailable for the event, AAMI Park became the last option to play host for the 2015 grand final. Melbourne Victory won 3–0; a record equalling third grand final win to the Brisbane Roar. Adelaide United played host for the first time in their third grand final against the Western Sydney Wanderers also in their third in the past four for the 2016 grand final. Adelaide Oval was the chosen venue, instead of Adelaide's usual home ground Coopers Stadium due to bigger capacity and for hosting high-profile matches. Adelaide United won 3–1 to record their first grand final win and the Western Sydney Wanderers' third loss still yet to win.",
"title": "Match history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The Big Blue teams played the 2017 hosted at Allianz Stadium in Sydney for the fourth time, as Sydney won 4–2 on penalties after a 1–1 draw to equal Brisbane Roar and Melbourne Victory on most grand final wins with three. Newcastle Jets reached the grand final in 2018 after a ten-year drought against the Melbourne Victory hosted at McDonald Jones Stadium for the first time. Victory won 1–0 for a record fourth grand final win. Kosta Barbarouses' 9th minute goal in the match become the fastest scored in the A-League Men grand final. It also ultimately sparked controversy for the video assistant referee (VAR) that failed to detect an offside for Victory's awarded goal. Perth Glory qualified for their first grand final since 2012 in Brisbane against Sydney FC at Optus Stadium attended by 56,371; the current record of an A-League Men grand final attendance. Sydney won 4–1 on penalties after 0–0 draw; the third time they won on penalties and the record equalling fourth win overall.",
"title": "Match history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "During the 2019–20 A-League season, it was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and ultimately suspended the season in March 2020. From that point, matches were played behind closed doors, teams travelled interstate, and crowds were restricted for the semi-finals and grand final. These measures caused the entire finals series to be played at Bankwest Stadium (now CommBank Stadium), meaning the 2020 grand final would be first to be hosted at a neutral venue. Whilst originally scheduled for May 2020, it was postponed to August 2020; the first time the A-League Men grand final was played after May. The match was played between Sydney FC and first-timers Melbourne City in a restricted crowd of 7,051. Sydney won 1–0 after extra time to win a record fifth Australian championship and grand final. The same teams met the following year in 2021 with Melbourne City claiming the host at AAMI Park in a 14,017 sell-out crowd of half-capacity, with travelling fans unable to attend due to Sydney's 2021 lockdown. City claimed revenge and won 3–1 to win their first A-League Men grand final. City reached the 2022 grand final for their third consecutive appearance; against locals Western United. It was the first grand final since the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia with no crowd restrictions. Western United won 2–0 to win their first grand final in their third season of existence.",
"title": "Match history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "It was announced in December 2022, that the 2023, 2024 and 2025 A-Leagues grand finals would be played in Sydney as part of a deal with Destination NSW, breaking the tradition of the highest placed team to host their grand final; the announcement initially being met with universal backlash from fans of all clubs, former players and active support groups. The 2023 grand final was then initially set to play at CommBank Stadium which would be the second time it would host there, both times as a neutral venue. Melbourne City and Central Coast Mariners were the participants for this grand final, as Central Coast won 6–1; the second A-League Men grand final where a team scored six goals. Fan controversies continued after the match, for the shape of Melbourne City's disadvantages for the match such as outnumbered fans and not hosting at AAMI Park. The Sydney grand final decision was eventually reversed in October 2023, in replacement of Unite Round.",
"title": "Match history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Notes",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The A-League Men's championship trophy is the main prize for winning the grand final and being crowned champions. Designed by Sydney design company D3 Design, it resembles a laurel wreath. \"We used this model as a basis for a unique, cutting-edge design – our trophy is a modern and versatile translation of the wreath. The winners can hold it above their heads as a symbol of success\".\" It is nicknamed the \"Toilet Seat\" due to its shape.",
"title": "Trophy and awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The Joe Marston Medal is the award given to the player of the match of the A-League Men grand final. It is named after Joe Marston who played for the Australia men's national soccer team from 1947 to 1958 and a member of Preston North End in the 1954 FA Cup final.",
"title": "Trophy and awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "It has been awarded ever since the 1980 NSL season which was first won by Abbas Saad with Sydney Olympic. Until the A-League Men was formed, Dwight Yorke with Sydney FC became the first to win the Joe Marston Medal under the A-League Men. Currently, no one has won the award more than once in the A-League Men era.",
"title": "Trophy and awards"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The stadiums of an A-League Men grand final varies through the highest placed semi-final winning team to host in their own vicinity. Two exceptions have occurred in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and 2023 due to the Sydney grand final decision; both of which have been played at Western Sydney Stadium.",
"title": "Stadiums"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Multiple instances have occurred where clubs' home stadiums are deemed insufficient to host the grand final and instead moved to a venue with more capacity in their vicinity. Examples include Central Coast Mariners in 2007 hosting at Sydney Football Stadium instead of Central Coast Stadium; and Western Sydney Wanderers in 2013 also hosting at Sydney Football Stadium instead of Parramatta Stadium.",
"title": "Stadiums"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Italics: Neutral venue",
"title": "Stadiums"
}
] | The A-League Men Grand Final is an association football match to determine the champions for an A-League Men season. Played at the end of the finals series, the game has been held annually since 2006. The club which wins the grand final receives the A-League Men championship trophy, and the best player receives the Joe Marston Medal. As of 2023, a total of 18 grand finals have been played, four of which have ended in penalty shoot-outs. Sydney FC have won five grand finals, the most of any club; Melbourne Victory have the second-most with four, and Brisbane Roar third-most with three. Sydney FC have also appeared in the most grand finals, a total of seven; and the only club along with Brisbane Roar to win back-to-back Grand Finals. Every current A-League Men club has played in at least one grand final, with the exception of Macarthur FC and Wellington Phoenix. | 2023-12-27T08:21:44Z | 2023-12-27T11:39:41Z | [
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75,654,837 | Beres Ellwood | Beresford John Ellwood (born 24 July 1937) is an Australian former rugby union international.
Raised in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Ellwood was born in Wagga Wagga and educated at Cootamundra High School, where he played rugby league. For his last year of school he went to Scots College in Sydney. On his return to Wagga Wagga, to attended agricultural college, he became a founding player for the Wagga Waratahs.
Ellwood, a centre, was capped 20 times for the Wallabies, debuting against the All Blacks on the 1958 tour of New Zealand. His goal-kicking abilities were used against the visiting 1965 Springboks and helped the Wallabies claim the 2nd Test to win the series. He bowed out of international rugby with an appearance against the British Lions in 1966.
Charles Sturt University's rugby oval is named after Ellwood.
Ellwood is the father of former professional tennis player Annabel and Ben Ellwood. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Beresford John Ellwood (born 24 July 1937) is an Australian former rugby union international.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Raised in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Ellwood was born in Wagga Wagga and educated at Cootamundra High School, where he played rugby league. For his last year of school he went to Scots College in Sydney. On his return to Wagga Wagga, to attended agricultural college, he became a founding player for the Wagga Waratahs.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Ellwood, a centre, was capped 20 times for the Wallabies, debuting against the All Blacks on the 1958 tour of New Zealand. His goal-kicking abilities were used against the visiting 1965 Springboks and helped the Wallabies claim the 2nd Test to win the series. He bowed out of international rugby with an appearance against the British Lions in 1966.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Charles Sturt University's rugby oval is named after Ellwood.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Ellwood is the father of former professional tennis player Annabel and Ben Ellwood.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Beresford John Ellwood is an Australian former rugby union international. | 2023-12-27T08:36:52Z | 2023-12-27T08:42:17Z | [
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
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75,654,853 | Montford Point (disambiguation) | Montford Point may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Montford Point may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Montford Point may refer to: Montford Point, North Carolina, USA; a headland
Camp Montford Point; former name of Camp Gilbert H. Johnson, a U.S. Marines satellite campus of Camp Lejuene USMC base; at Montford Point, NC, USA
Montford Point Museum, Camp Gilbert H. Johnson, USMC
Montford Point Marine Association, a non-profit U.S. veterans association
USNS Montford Point (T-ESD-1), a Montford Point class mobile landing platform, the lead ship of its class
Montford Point class mobile landing platform, a ship class, a class of expeditionary transfer dock ship | 2023-12-27T08:39:21Z | 2023-12-27T10:12:36Z | [
"Template:Canned search",
"Template:Srt",
"Template:Dab",
"Template:Ship"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montford_Point_(disambiguation) |
75,654,866 | Fifth Battle of Maturín | The Fifth Battle of Maturín was a military confrontation on 11 December 1814, that resulted in the epilogue of the Second Republic of Venezuela. The Royalist forces, which for two years had tried to conquer the city, destroyed the last great Patriot garrison that remained in the country.
After the defeat in the Battle of Urica 4 days earlier, the Republican Army had all but disappeared. General José Félix Ribas and Colonel José Francisco Bermúdez had managed to escape and gather the dispersed survivors in their headquarters of Maturín. After the death of Caudillo José Tomás Boves, his second Francisco Tomás Morales first secured the command over his Royalist llanero army, and then advanced towards Maturín.
Maturín was a place defended by three embankments and two batteries. Solid positions, supported to the north by the Guarapiche river and the swamps to the east, made it easily defensible, but the Republicans had few ammunition and low moral. The garrison was composed of 300 dispersed soldiers and almost 200 recruits. Some officers wanted to retire but their superiors ordered to resist.
Morales arrived with his army at dusk on 10 December. He camped near the city and ordered 1,500 men to occupy the Paso del Hervidero but Manuel Cedeño's cavalry repulsed them with fire support from defensive positions. The next day at 8:00 the Royalists stormed the city. For three hours the Patriots managed to resist the frontal attack, but then a column that had secretly flanked their positions, attacked them from the rear and they panicked.
The llaneros entered the city and murdered everyone they found, to avenge the high casualties caused by the cavalry of Colonel José Gregorio Monagas. Bermúdez fled with 200 men to Mountain Tigre, other Republicans fled to coast, and Ribas with 3 or 4 officers to the plains of Caracas to join Rafael Urdaneta, whom they believed to be in Barquisimeto. Ribas was betrayed, captured and shot on 31 January 1815 in Tucupido. Morales persecuted his defeated enemies with 3,000 soldiers, taking Soro on 14 February, forcing Manuel Piar to flee and the next day he took Güiria, from where Bermúdez had to flee. Morales reduced both places to ashes.
This campaign finally ended with the Republican military presence in Continental Venezuela.
Bermúdez escaped with 300 men to Isla Margarita where he helped Juan Bautista Arismendi to organize the garrison, but before the arrival of the expeditionary force of Pablo Morillo, he was exiled to Cartagena de Indias, where he participated in the independence struggle of Colombia. Former Republican soldiers or sympathizers, who had failed to escape from the Continent were persecuted by the llaneros and massacred, as were their families. It is estimated that some 3,000 people were killed. In Irapa, Colonel Rivero and his garrison of 400 men decided to flee but were intercepted and massacred on 17 February. Irapa was occupied eleven days later by the Royalists, thus eliminating the last Republican urban stronghold in Continental Venezuela.
After this campaign, only some scattered Patriot guerrilla bands were left in sparsely populated area's of Venezuela : | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Fifth Battle of Maturín was a military confrontation on 11 December 1814, that resulted in the epilogue of the Second Republic of Venezuela. The Royalist forces, which for two years had tried to conquer the city, destroyed the last great Patriot garrison that remained in the country.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "After the defeat in the Battle of Urica 4 days earlier, the Republican Army had all but disappeared. General José Félix Ribas and Colonel José Francisco Bermúdez had managed to escape and gather the dispersed survivors in their headquarters of Maturín. After the death of Caudillo José Tomás Boves, his second Francisco Tomás Morales first secured the command over his Royalist llanero army, and then advanced towards Maturín.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Maturín was a place defended by three embankments and two batteries. Solid positions, supported to the north by the Guarapiche river and the swamps to the east, made it easily defensible, but the Republicans had few ammunition and low moral. The garrison was composed of 300 dispersed soldiers and almost 200 recruits. Some officers wanted to retire but their superiors ordered to resist.",
"title": "The Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Morales arrived with his army at dusk on 10 December. He camped near the city and ordered 1,500 men to occupy the Paso del Hervidero but Manuel Cedeño's cavalry repulsed them with fire support from defensive positions. The next day at 8:00 the Royalists stormed the city. For three hours the Patriots managed to resist the frontal attack, but then a column that had secretly flanked their positions, attacked them from the rear and they panicked.",
"title": "The Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The llaneros entered the city and murdered everyone they found, to avenge the high casualties caused by the cavalry of Colonel José Gregorio Monagas. Bermúdez fled with 200 men to Mountain Tigre, other Republicans fled to coast, and Ribas with 3 or 4 officers to the plains of Caracas to join Rafael Urdaneta, whom they believed to be in Barquisimeto. Ribas was betrayed, captured and shot on 31 January 1815 in Tucupido. Morales persecuted his defeated enemies with 3,000 soldiers, taking Soro on 14 February, forcing Manuel Piar to flee and the next day he took Güiria, from where Bermúdez had to flee. Morales reduced both places to ashes.",
"title": "The Battle"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "This campaign finally ended with the Republican military presence in Continental Venezuela.",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Bermúdez escaped with 300 men to Isla Margarita where he helped Juan Bautista Arismendi to organize the garrison, but before the arrival of the expeditionary force of Pablo Morillo, he was exiled to Cartagena de Indias, where he participated in the independence struggle of Colombia. Former Republican soldiers or sympathizers, who had failed to escape from the Continent were persecuted by the llaneros and massacred, as were their families. It is estimated that some 3,000 people were killed. In Irapa, Colonel Rivero and his garrison of 400 men decided to flee but were intercepted and massacred on 17 February. Irapa was occupied eleven days later by the Royalists, thus eliminating the last Republican urban stronghold in Continental Venezuela.",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "After this campaign, only some scattered Patriot guerrilla bands were left in sparsely populated area's of Venezuela :",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "",
"title": "Consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "",
"title": "Consequences"
}
] | The Fifth Battle of Maturín was a military confrontation on 11 December 1814, that resulted in the epilogue of the Second Republic of Venezuela. The Royalist forces, which for two years had tried to conquer the city, destroyed the last great Patriot garrison that remained in the country. | 2023-12-27T08:41:30Z | 2023-12-30T08:03:58Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Matur%C3%ADn |
75,654,873 | Đoàn Thiên Ân | Đoàn Thiên Ân (born April 13, 2000) is a Vietnamese model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Grand Vietnam 2022 and she represented Vietnam in the Top 20 of Miss Grand International 2022 and winning "Country's Power of The Year" Award.
She attended and successfully won the crown of Miss Grand Vietnam 2022 held for the first time at Phú Thọ Indoor Stadium.
She represented Vietnam and successfully entered the top 20 finals of Miss Grand International 2022, along with the additional award Country's Power of The Year. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Đoàn Thiên Ân (born April 13, 2000) is a Vietnamese model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Grand Vietnam 2022 and she represented Vietnam in the Top 20 of Miss Grand International 2022 and winning \"Country's Power of The Year\" Award.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She attended and successfully won the crown of Miss Grand Vietnam 2022 held for the first time at Phú Thọ Indoor Stadium.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She represented Vietnam and successfully entered the top 20 finals of Miss Grand International 2022, along with the additional award Country's Power of The Year.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Đoàn Thiên Ân is a Vietnamese model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Grand Vietnam 2022 and she represented Vietnam in the Top 20 of Miss Grand International 2022 and winning "Country's Power of The Year" Award. | 2023-12-27T08:42:42Z | 2023-12-27T10:12:43Z | [
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75,654,880 | Daniel Vega | [] | 2023-12-27T08:43:34Z | 2023-12-27T08:46:41Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Vega |
||
75,654,885 | Majdan Stary massacre | The Majdan Stary massacre was a Nazi war crime perpetrated by the Schutzstaffel and its Ukrainian or Soviet collaborators in the village of Majdan Stary within occupied Poland. Taking place on July 3, 1943, this pacification operation resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75 residents, including women and children. This atrocity was part of the ethnic cleansing of the Zamość region.
In the autumn of 1942, at the direction of SS-Brigadeführer Odilo Globocnik, SS and Police Leader in the Lublin district of the General Government, a significant Nazi displacement operation commenced in the Zamość region. Its aim was to remove around 100,000 Poles from this area and replace them with German settlers, primarily comprising ethnic Germans from various European countries. The initial displacements began on the night of November 27-28, 1942, extending to 60 villages housing approximately 34,000 individuals by the end of December. The second phase of the operation lasted from mid-January to the end of March 1943 and covered mainly the areas of the Hrubieszów County. Inhabitants of 63 villages were then displaced.
The Nazi actions faced passive resistance from the displaced populace and armed responses from the Polish resistance movement. Partisan units from the Peasant Battalions (Bataliony Chłopskie), Home Army (Armia Krajowa), and communist People's Guard (Gwardia Ludowa) attempted to impede pacification and displacement efforts, targeting German police, economic sites, and transportation facilities. They also conducted retaliatory actions in villages settled by German colonists. The resistance put up by the Polish partisans, combined with the difficult situation of German troops on the Eastern Front, forced the occupiers to temporarily suspend the deportations.
At the end of June 1943, the Nazis resumed their displacement operation, focusing on villages in Biłgoraj County. The expulsion of the Polish population coincided with widespread pacification and anti-partisan activities. As part of the Aktion Werwolf (Operation Werewolf) that summer, the occupiers executed approximately 1,000 Poles across 163 villages in the Zamość region.
On July 2, 1943, the Nazis initiated the displacement of Majdan Stary's inhabitants. On that day, many residents were deported for forced labour or sent to the Majdanek concentration camp.
Around noon the following day, an SS-led punitive expedition, supported by Ukrainian or Russian-speaking collaborators, reached Majdan Stary. They conducted a thorough search of the village, setting fire to buildings simultaneously. The captured residents were herded to a nearby meadow, where men and women with children were separated. The men were tied with ropes around their necks, lined up, and machine-gunned. Subsequently, the perpetrators ordered the women and children to kneel before shooting them. Wounded individuals were finished off with pistol shots. Only four women survived the massacre. Witnesses' testimonies attribute the executions to Ukrainian or Russian-speaking collaborators.
Reports on the number of victims range from 56 to 83 individuals. However, the Register of Places and Facts of Crimes Committed by the Nazi Occupier on Polish Lands in the years 1939–1945 lists 75 murdered inhabitants of Majdan Stary, with 72 identified victims. Among them were 26 women and 16 children under 15 years old. The youngest victim was 2 months old, while the oldest was 81 years old. Additionally, 76 farms were destroyed, and the local church was demolished and desecrated.
For two days, the Germans searched the village and its surroundings. Between June 26 and July 10, 1943, an estimated 2,589 individuals, primarily men, were expelled from all nine communities in the Gmina Sól.
Most likely, the massacre was a retaliation for the village's collaboration with the Polish partisans. The atrocity was documented in reports by the Polish Underground State. There were inaccurate reports claiming that the Germans burned 40 inhabitants alive and destroyed 75 percent of the village.
The bodies of the victims from the pacification were buried in the local cemetery.
{{Massacres of Poles}
[[Category:1943 in Poland] [[Category:July 1943 events] [[Category:Massacres in 1943] [[Category:Massacres committed by Nazi Germany] [[Category:Massacres in Poland] [[Category:Nazi war crimes in Poland] | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Majdan Stary massacre was a Nazi war crime perpetrated by the Schutzstaffel and its Ukrainian or Soviet collaborators in the village of Majdan Stary within occupied Poland. Taking place on July 3, 1943, this pacification operation resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75 residents, including women and children. This atrocity was part of the ethnic cleansing of the Zamość region.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the autumn of 1942, at the direction of SS-Brigadeführer Odilo Globocnik, SS and Police Leader in the Lublin district of the General Government, a significant Nazi displacement operation commenced in the Zamość region. Its aim was to remove around 100,000 Poles from this area and replace them with German settlers, primarily comprising ethnic Germans from various European countries. The initial displacements began on the night of November 27-28, 1942, extending to 60 villages housing approximately 34,000 individuals by the end of December. The second phase of the operation lasted from mid-January to the end of March 1943 and covered mainly the areas of the Hrubieszów County. Inhabitants of 63 villages were then displaced.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Nazi actions faced passive resistance from the displaced populace and armed responses from the Polish resistance movement. Partisan units from the Peasant Battalions (Bataliony Chłopskie), Home Army (Armia Krajowa), and communist People's Guard (Gwardia Ludowa) attempted to impede pacification and displacement efforts, targeting German police, economic sites, and transportation facilities. They also conducted retaliatory actions in villages settled by German colonists. The resistance put up by the Polish partisans, combined with the difficult situation of German troops on the Eastern Front, forced the occupiers to temporarily suspend the deportations.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At the end of June 1943, the Nazis resumed their displacement operation, focusing on villages in Biłgoraj County. The expulsion of the Polish population coincided with widespread pacification and anti-partisan activities. As part of the Aktion Werwolf (Operation Werewolf) that summer, the occupiers executed approximately 1,000 Poles across 163 villages in the Zamość region.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On July 2, 1943, the Nazis initiated the displacement of Majdan Stary's inhabitants. On that day, many residents were deported for forced labour or sent to the Majdanek concentration camp.",
"title": "The massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Around noon the following day, an SS-led punitive expedition, supported by Ukrainian or Russian-speaking collaborators, reached Majdan Stary. They conducted a thorough search of the village, setting fire to buildings simultaneously. The captured residents were herded to a nearby meadow, where men and women with children were separated. The men were tied with ropes around their necks, lined up, and machine-gunned. Subsequently, the perpetrators ordered the women and children to kneel before shooting them. Wounded individuals were finished off with pistol shots. Only four women survived the massacre. Witnesses' testimonies attribute the executions to Ukrainian or Russian-speaking collaborators.",
"title": "The massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Reports on the number of victims range from 56 to 83 individuals. However, the Register of Places and Facts of Crimes Committed by the Nazi Occupier on Polish Lands in the years 1939–1945 lists 75 murdered inhabitants of Majdan Stary, with 72 identified victims. Among them were 26 women and 16 children under 15 years old. The youngest victim was 2 months old, while the oldest was 81 years old. Additionally, 76 farms were destroyed, and the local church was demolished and desecrated.",
"title": "The massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "For two days, the Germans searched the village and its surroundings. Between June 26 and July 10, 1943, an estimated 2,589 individuals, primarily men, were expelled from all nine communities in the Gmina Sól.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Most likely, the massacre was a retaliation for the village's collaboration with the Polish partisans. The atrocity was documented in reports by the Polish Underground State. There were inaccurate reports claiming that the Germans burned 40 inhabitants alive and destroyed 75 percent of the village.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The bodies of the victims from the pacification were buried in the local cemetery.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "{{Massacres of Poles}",
"title": "Bibliography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "[[Category:1943 in Poland] [[Category:July 1943 events] [[Category:Massacres in 1943] [[Category:Massacres committed by Nazi Germany] [[Category:Massacres in Poland] [[Category:Nazi war crimes in Poland]",
"title": "Bibliography"
}
] | The Majdan Stary massacre was a Nazi war crime perpetrated by the Schutzstaffel and its Ukrainian or Soviet collaborators in the village of Majdan Stary within occupied Poland. Taking place on July 3, 1943, this pacification operation resulted in the deaths of an estimated 75 residents, including women and children. This atrocity was part of the ethnic cleansing of the Zamość region. | 2023-12-27T08:43:48Z | 2023-12-28T08:39:55Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Infobox civilian attack"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majdan_Stary_massacre |
75,654,893 | List of German football transfers winter 2023–24 | This is a list of German football transfers in the winter transfer window 2023–24 by club. Only transfers of the Bundesliga, and 2. Bundesliga are included.
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a list of German football transfers in the winter transfer window 2023–24 by club. Only transfers of the Bundesliga, and 2. Bundesliga are included.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Bundesliga"
}
] | This is a list of German football transfers in the winter transfer window 2023–24 by club. Only transfers of the Bundesliga, and 2. Bundesliga are included. | 2023-12-27T08:44:50Z | 2023-12-27T11:53:30Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_football_transfers_winter_2023%E2%80%9324 |
75,654,913 | Jonatan Valle | [] | 2023-12-27T08:48:53Z | 2023-12-27T08:50:39Z | [
"Template:Redirect category shell"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatan_Valle |
||
75,654,953 | Carlos Wilson | Carlos Wilson may refer to: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Carlos Wilson may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] | Carlos Wilson may refer to: Carlos Wilson, Argentine football goalkeeper
Carlos Wilson, Argentine football defender | 2023-12-27T08:55:01Z | 2023-12-27T08:57:40Z | [
"Template:Hndis"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Wilson |
75,654,972 | SAA Supa 8 2005 | The SAA Supa 8 2005 was the 31st edition of the competition featuring the top 8-placed teams at the conclusion of the 2003–04 Premier Soccer League season and the 3rd under its then sponsored name, the SAA Supa 8.
It was won by Bloemfontein Celtic, who defeated defending champions SuperSport United in the final, earning Celtic the second major title in their history after the 1985 Mainstay Cup.
The only goal of the final was scored by Rotson Kilambe in 64th minute. Kilambe went on to repeat the feat for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2006 final, scoring in the 62nd minute.
The following 8 teams are listed according to their final position on the league table in the previous season of the 2005–06 Premier Soccer League. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The SAA Supa 8 2005 was the 31st edition of the competition featuring the top 8-placed teams at the conclusion of the 2003–04 Premier Soccer League season and the 3rd under its then sponsored name, the SAA Supa 8.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was won by Bloemfontein Celtic, who defeated defending champions SuperSport United in the final, earning Celtic the second major title in their history after the 1985 Mainstay Cup.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The only goal of the final was scored by Rotson Kilambe in 64th minute. Kilambe went on to repeat the feat for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2006 final, scoring in the 62nd minute.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The following 8 teams are listed according to their final position on the league table in the previous season of the 2005–06 Premier Soccer League.",
"title": "Teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "Final"
}
] | The SAA Supa 8 2005 was the 31st edition of the competition featuring the top 8-placed teams at the conclusion of the 2003–04 Premier Soccer League season and the 3rd under its then sponsored name, the SAA Supa 8. It was won by Bloemfontein Celtic, who defeated defending champions SuperSport United in the final, earning Celtic the second major title in their history after the 1985 Mainstay Cup. The only goal of the final was scored by Rotson Kilambe in 64th minute. Kilambe went on to repeat the feat for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2006 final, scoring in the 62nd minute. | 2023-12-27T08:58:25Z | 2023-12-30T08:38:12Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAA_Supa_8_2005 |
75,655,091 | Valerii Kondratiev | Valerii Valeriiovych Kondratiev, nicknamed Gastello (Ukrainian: Валерій Валерійович Кондратьєв; born 28 August 1970, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Ukrainian crime boss and sports executive. He is the president of BC Dnipro, the head of the Basketball Federation of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, and a former vice-president of Basketball Federation of Ukraine. According to Ukrainian media, he is part of the Narik group, headed by mafia boss Oleksandr Petrovskyi, and he is an associate of oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi.
Valerii Kondratiev was born on 28 August 1970 in Dnipro.
The era of Gorbachev's "Perestroika" — the late 80s — became for Kondratiev a kind of start in career. And at the same time he came to the attention of the police. In the late 80s, the police of the central Dnipro market "Ozerka" recorded a group of young sportsmen who were cheating with the help of the then popular game "Thimbles". The head of the group was Oleksandr Petrovskyi, nicknamed Narik.
The group of thimbles, in addition to Valerii Kondratiev nicknamed Gastello, according to police reports, included young judokas and boxers — Dato Suladze (nicknamed Dato), Sasha Yevtushenko, Oleh Panasenko, Roma Shovkoplyas (Roma Lugansky), Bohdan Gulyamov (Bodia), Valera Gulyaev (Slon), Valery Kondratyev (Gastello), Serhiy Oliynyk (Umka), Sasha Lisovenko, Sasha Kavdax (Shtrek) and Albert Koleskor (Durnenky).
Many of the former young "fighters", including Valerii Kondratiev, became businessmen, philanthropists, and partners of Oleksandr Petrovskyi in commercial activities decades later.
Valerii Kondratiev is the president of the BC Dnipro, the head of the Basketball Federation of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, and was also the vice president of the Basketball Federation of Ukraine.
In 2019, he was named one of the top 30 most influential people in Dnipro by The New Voice of Ukraine.
The Ukrainian sports media Tribuna calls Valerii Kondratiev a long-time business partner of oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi. The investigation states that the BC Dnipro has several legal entities — BSC Dnipro and BC Dnipro — whose ultimate beneficiary is Kolomoyskyi. The trail of the oligarch is also specifically indicated by the fact that, along with Kondratiev, the beneficiary of BSC Dnipro is a Cypriot Andreas Sofoleous, who is listed in BC Budivelnyk's beneficiary company, BUDIVELNYK PROPERTIES INC.
According to an investigation by Dnipro journalists, Kondratiev is the formal president of BC Dnipro, as he uses this position to launder money. According to the journalists, under the leadership of Valerii Kondratiev, in 2022, BC Dnipro suffered a loss of UAH 60.4 thousand in financial results.
In December 2019, Valeriy Kondratiev, together with Ihor Kolomoyskyi, threatened and intimidated a referee of a Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague match. The incident occurred during a match between BC Dnipro and BC Kyiv-Basket.
After the regular season match of the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague between BC Dnipro and BC Kyiv-Basket (75:78), Valerii Kondratiev, as well as Ihor Kolomoyskyi and Valerii Guliaev, threatened the team of referees, in particular the chief referee of the match, Andriy Babyk, according to his report published by the Basketball Federation of Ukraine, on the way to the referee's room, he was approached by three people with threats.
As a result, the Basketball Federation of Ukraine decided to suspend the president of the Dnipro club for two games and to fine him: BC Dnipro for 32 thousand hryvnias, and Kondratiev for 20 thousand hryvnias.
In December 2021, the Basketball Federation of Ukraine fined Valerii Kondratiev for violating a number of issues related to the conduct and organisation of the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Valerii Valeriiovych Kondratiev, nicknamed Gastello (Ukrainian: Валерій Валерійович Кондратьєв; born 28 August 1970, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Ukrainian crime boss and sports executive. He is the president of BC Dnipro, the head of the Basketball Federation of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, and a former vice-president of Basketball Federation of Ukraine. According to Ukrainian media, he is part of the Narik group, headed by mafia boss Oleksandr Petrovskyi, and he is an associate of oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Valerii Kondratiev was born on 28 August 1970 in Dnipro.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The era of Gorbachev's \"Perestroika\" — the late 80s — became for Kondratiev a kind of start in career. And at the same time he came to the attention of the police. In the late 80s, the police of the central Dnipro market \"Ozerka\" recorded a group of young sportsmen who were cheating with the help of the then popular game \"Thimbles\". The head of the group was Oleksandr Petrovskyi, nicknamed Narik.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The group of thimbles, in addition to Valerii Kondratiev nicknamed Gastello, according to police reports, included young judokas and boxers — Dato Suladze (nicknamed Dato), Sasha Yevtushenko, Oleh Panasenko, Roma Shovkoplyas (Roma Lugansky), Bohdan Gulyamov (Bodia), Valera Gulyaev (Slon), Valery Kondratyev (Gastello), Serhiy Oliynyk (Umka), Sasha Lisovenko, Sasha Kavdax (Shtrek) and Albert Koleskor (Durnenky).",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Many of the former young \"fighters\", including Valerii Kondratiev, became businessmen, philanthropists, and partners of Oleksandr Petrovskyi in commercial activities decades later.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Valerii Kondratiev is the president of the BC Dnipro, the head of the Basketball Federation of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, and was also the vice president of the Basketball Federation of Ukraine.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2019, he was named one of the top 30 most influential people in Dnipro by The New Voice of Ukraine.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The Ukrainian sports media Tribuna calls Valerii Kondratiev a long-time business partner of oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi. The investigation states that the BC Dnipro has several legal entities — BSC Dnipro and BC Dnipro — whose ultimate beneficiary is Kolomoyskyi. The trail of the oligarch is also specifically indicated by the fact that, along with Kondratiev, the beneficiary of BSC Dnipro is a Cypriot Andreas Sofoleous, who is listed in BC Budivelnyk's beneficiary company, BUDIVELNYK PROPERTIES INC.",
"title": "Investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "According to an investigation by Dnipro journalists, Kondratiev is the formal president of BC Dnipro, as he uses this position to launder money. According to the journalists, under the leadership of Valerii Kondratiev, in 2022, BC Dnipro suffered a loss of UAH 60.4 thousand in financial results.",
"title": "Investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In December 2019, Valeriy Kondratiev, together with Ihor Kolomoyskyi, threatened and intimidated a referee of a Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague match. The incident occurred during a match between BC Dnipro and BC Kyiv-Basket.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "After the regular season match of the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague between BC Dnipro and BC Kyiv-Basket (75:78), Valerii Kondratiev, as well as Ihor Kolomoyskyi and Valerii Guliaev, threatened the team of referees, in particular the chief referee of the match, Andriy Babyk, according to his report published by the Basketball Federation of Ukraine, on the way to the referee's room, he was approached by three people with threats.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "As a result, the Basketball Federation of Ukraine decided to suspend the president of the Dnipro club for two games and to fine him: BC Dnipro for 32 thousand hryvnias, and Kondratiev for 20 thousand hryvnias.",
"title": "Controversies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In December 2021, the Basketball Federation of Ukraine fined Valerii Kondratiev for violating a number of issues related to the conduct and organisation of the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague.",
"title": "Controversies"
}
] | Valerii Valeriiovych Kondratiev, nicknamed Gastello is a Ukrainian crime boss and sports executive. He is the president of BC Dnipro, the head of the Basketball Federation of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, and a former vice-president of Basketball Federation of Ukraine. According to Ukrainian media, he is part of the Narik group, headed by mafia boss Oleksandr Petrovskyi, and he is an associate of oligarch Ihor Kolomoyskyi. | 2023-12-27T09:26:04Z | 2023-12-27T18:49:56Z | [
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Lang-uk",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerii_Kondratiev |
75,655,106 | Dov Navon | Dov Navon (born June 15, 1959) is an Israeli film, theater and television actor, comedian, announcer and stand-up comedian; Winner of the Israeli Theater Award, the Israeli Academy Television Award and the Golden Screen Award.
Born as Dov Parshteindig in Tel Aviv. His father David, a Holocaust survivor born in Poland, was an optometrist. His mother Mazal, a native of Turkey, was a housewife, who later worked as an assistant kindergarten teacher. He is the eldest son and has one brother.
When he was 13, the family moved to Holon. Navon, who was attracted to acting from a young age, enrolled in a drama club, where he played the lead role in the play "The Good Soldier Švejk". He wanted to study high school at Tichon Telma Yellin, but on the advice of his school counselor, his parents sent him to study precision mechanics at the ORT school in the city. He enrolled in a children's and youth drama club at the Tel Aviv Theater, where his instructor was Tzipi Pines. After finishing high school, he enlisted in the IDF and served in the Armored Corps in the First Lebanon War. In 1985 he completed acting studies at "Beit Zvi".
In 1986 he guest starred in an episode of the series "Krovim Krovim", where he played an insurance agent, and also appeared that year in "Rechov Sumsum" as Ephraim the Postman. In 1988 he played Itzik in the sitcom created by Anat and Gidi Gov "Yes What?!". In 1991 he guest starred in the children's television series starring Julian Chagrin "Garden Party", where he played Chagrin's cousin.
Between 1993 and 1997 he participated in the television program "Hahamishia Hakamerit" where he played various characters. Between 2000 and 2004 he participated in the TV series "The Bourgeois", where he played the lawyer Israel and his twin brother Jesse. For his acting in the series he won the Golden Screen Award for Dramatic Actor. Between 2003 and 2007 he participated in the television program "Eretz Nehederet" where he played various characters. In 2004 he participated in the travel program "Dovale Olami" which aired on Channel 10. In 2008 he played Joel Schatz in the TV series "Maybe This Time"; and participated in the reality show "Once in a Lifetime", in which he was sent along with Rotem Abuhab to serve in the Israel Police. In 2009 he played attorney Uri Jochefaz in the TV series "Wonderful Divorce". In 2010 he played Nathan in the second season of the series created by Sayed Kashua "Arab Labor".
In 2017 he played coach of the Israel national team Pini Sadeh in the satirical series "We're on the Map". In December of that year he played the character of "Rabbi Bloch" in HOT's ultra-Orthodox drama "Shababnikim". In 2018 he starred in the mini-series "Autonomies", which aired on HOT, and that year he began playing the character of Amnon Titinsky in the series "Kupa Rashit" which airs on the Educational Television and on Kan 11, for which he received the Israeli Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, and in 2020 he began hosting a podcast with the creator of Head Cashier Nadav Pertzman called "Releasing the Bear".
In 2021 he starred in the series "Beauty Queen of Jerusalem" which aired on yes, and in the series "My Cousin Benz" on Kan Educational. In January 2023 he dubbed "Noah" in Kan 11's web series, Family Pencasta. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dov Navon (born June 15, 1959) is an Israeli film, theater and television actor, comedian, announcer and stand-up comedian; Winner of the Israeli Theater Award, the Israeli Academy Television Award and the Golden Screen Award.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born as Dov Parshteindig in Tel Aviv. His father David, a Holocaust survivor born in Poland, was an optometrist. His mother Mazal, a native of Turkey, was a housewife, who later worked as an assistant kindergarten teacher. He is the eldest son and has one brother.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "When he was 13, the family moved to Holon. Navon, who was attracted to acting from a young age, enrolled in a drama club, where he played the lead role in the play \"The Good Soldier Švejk\". He wanted to study high school at Tichon Telma Yellin, but on the advice of his school counselor, his parents sent him to study precision mechanics at the ORT school in the city. He enrolled in a children's and youth drama club at the Tel Aviv Theater, where his instructor was Tzipi Pines. After finishing high school, he enlisted in the IDF and served in the Armored Corps in the First Lebanon War. In 1985 he completed acting studies at \"Beit Zvi\".",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1986 he guest starred in an episode of the series \"Krovim Krovim\", where he played an insurance agent, and also appeared that year in \"Rechov Sumsum\" as Ephraim the Postman. In 1988 he played Itzik in the sitcom created by Anat and Gidi Gov \"Yes What?!\". In 1991 he guest starred in the children's television series starring Julian Chagrin \"Garden Party\", where he played Chagrin's cousin.",
"title": "career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Between 1993 and 1997 he participated in the television program \"Hahamishia Hakamerit\" where he played various characters. Between 2000 and 2004 he participated in the TV series \"The Bourgeois\", where he played the lawyer Israel and his twin brother Jesse. For his acting in the series he won the Golden Screen Award for Dramatic Actor. Between 2003 and 2007 he participated in the television program \"Eretz Nehederet\" where he played various characters. In 2004 he participated in the travel program \"Dovale Olami\" which aired on Channel 10. In 2008 he played Joel Schatz in the TV series \"Maybe This Time\"; and participated in the reality show \"Once in a Lifetime\", in which he was sent along with Rotem Abuhab to serve in the Israel Police. In 2009 he played attorney Uri Jochefaz in the TV series \"Wonderful Divorce\". In 2010 he played Nathan in the second season of the series created by Sayed Kashua \"Arab Labor\".",
"title": "career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2017 he played coach of the Israel national team Pini Sadeh in the satirical series \"We're on the Map\". In December of that year he played the character of \"Rabbi Bloch\" in HOT's ultra-Orthodox drama \"Shababnikim\". In 2018 he starred in the mini-series \"Autonomies\", which aired on HOT, and that year he began playing the character of Amnon Titinsky in the series \"Kupa Rashit\" which airs on the Educational Television and on Kan 11, for which he received the Israeli Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, and in 2020 he began hosting a podcast with the creator of Head Cashier Nadav Pertzman called \"Releasing the Bear\".",
"title": "career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 2021 he starred in the series \"Beauty Queen of Jerusalem\" which aired on yes, and in the series \"My Cousin Benz\" on Kan Educational. In January 2023 he dubbed \"Noah\" in Kan 11's web series, Family Pencasta.",
"title": "career"
}
] | Dov Navon is an Israeli film, theater and television actor, comedian, announcer and stand-up comedian; Winner of the Israeli Theater Award, the Israeli Academy Television Award and the Golden Screen Award. | 2023-12-27T09:31:24Z | 2023-12-31T11:02:09Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dov_Navon |
75,655,110 | Vivienne Newson | Vivienne Elizabeth (Viv) Newson born Vivienne Elizabeth Dobney (21 September 1891 – 16 August 1973) was an Australian women's rights activist and editor. She was vice-president of the United Associations (of Women) (UAW) and she edited a related news sheet from 1945 to a year before she died.
Newson was born in 1891 in Goulburn. Her parents were Agnes May Fleming (born Browning) and Thomas Dobney and she was their first child. She had five younger siblings and in 1900 they moved to Wagga Wagga. Her father was a commercial traveller.
She came to notice in 1933 when she joined the United Associations (of Women) (UAW) in 1933 and two years later she was elected to its executive. In 1941 the future prime minister Ben Chifley received a united deputation from a number of women's organisations. They were encouraging him to create a tax on men who were not married. This suggestion was made in preference to a proposal to introduce a new tax on the total income of married couples. The delegation was by Jessie Street, Erna Keighley, Edna Lillian Nelson and Newson.
In November 1941 she gave a talk on the Burma Road on ABC radio and this was reported in ABC Weekly. Her trip had been with Princess Hteiktin Ma Lat on a shooting expedition to Kutkai. She reported on the indigenous people she saw and the 160,000 people working to improve the road and its bamboo bridges.
In 1942 she became a vice-president on the UAW. She became the part-time editor of the nine issues of the Australian Women's Digest after it was launched in August 1944. She was very close to Jessie Street and she supported her when she contested the federal election. The Digest continued until 1947 but she continued to work on the UAW's Newsheets which she had begun privately in 1945 and it was available until 1972. Lucy Woodcock was a frequent collaborator and contributor, particularly regarding industrial related issues, as the publication supported the UAW's long campaign for equal pay. Newson died in a hospital in the Sydney suburb of Mosman in 1973. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Vivienne Elizabeth (Viv) Newson born Vivienne Elizabeth Dobney (21 September 1891 – 16 August 1973) was an Australian women's rights activist and editor. She was vice-president of the United Associations (of Women) (UAW) and she edited a related news sheet from 1945 to a year before she died.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Newson was born in 1891 in Goulburn. Her parents were Agnes May Fleming (born Browning) and Thomas Dobney and she was their first child. She had five younger siblings and in 1900 they moved to Wagga Wagga. Her father was a commercial traveller.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She came to notice in 1933 when she joined the United Associations (of Women) (UAW) in 1933 and two years later she was elected to its executive. In 1941 the future prime minister Ben Chifley received a united deputation from a number of women's organisations. They were encouraging him to create a tax on men who were not married. This suggestion was made in preference to a proposal to introduce a new tax on the total income of married couples. The delegation was by Jessie Street, Erna Keighley, Edna Lillian Nelson and Newson.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In November 1941 she gave a talk on the Burma Road on ABC radio and this was reported in ABC Weekly. Her trip had been with Princess Hteiktin Ma Lat on a shooting expedition to Kutkai. She reported on the indigenous people she saw and the 160,000 people working to improve the road and its bamboo bridges.",
"title": "Life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1942 she became a vice-president on the UAW. She became the part-time editor of the nine issues of the Australian Women's Digest after it was launched in August 1944. She was very close to Jessie Street and she supported her when she contested the federal election. The Digest continued until 1947 but she continued to work on the UAW's Newsheets which she had begun privately in 1945 and it was available until 1972. Lucy Woodcock was a frequent collaborator and contributor, particularly regarding industrial related issues, as the publication supported the UAW's long campaign for equal pay. Newson died in a hospital in the Sydney suburb of Mosman in 1973.",
"title": "Life"
}
] | Vivienne Elizabeth (Viv) Newson born Vivienne Elizabeth Dobney was an Australian women's rights activist and editor. She was vice-president of the United Associations (UAW) and she edited a related news sheet from 1945 to a year before she died. | 2023-12-27T09:32:56Z | 2024-01-01T00:17:13Z | [
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75,655,117 | Christmas As Usual | Christmas As Usual (Norwegian: Så var det jul igjen) is a 2023 Norwegian romantic comedy film directed by Petter Holmsen starring Ida Ursin-Holm and Kanan Gill.
The film is based on the true story of Holmsen's sister, a Norwegian, and her relationship with an Indian, whom she brings home for Christmas Eve. The film was released to negative reviews.
On December 1 in Los Angeles, Jashan proposes to Thea. She accepts the proposal and invites Jashan to spend Christmas Eve with her family in Telemark. After Jashan arrives, there is a culture clash and Thea tells Jashan that she will wait for the right time to tell her mother Anne-Lise about their engagement. For Jashan, the Christmas trip is a roller coaster of emotions as he learns about Teeny Tiny Christmas (December 22), Thea's family is not used to his Indian food, disrupts Thea's niece while she sings in church, and learns about Jørgen, Thea's neighbor who had a relationship with her for five years.
The real Thea and Jashan (Mia Holmsen and Akshay Chawdhry) cameo as themselves at the end of the film.
A critic from NRK P3 wrote that "The film's uncomfortable mood also blocks the Christmas spirit for far too long, but viewers who persevere will get a version of postcard Christmas cheer and nods to "Love Actually" eventually. Even for a Christmas streaming movie lover, 'Then it was Christmas again' becomes too thin a soup spread too thick". A critic from Vink wrote that "This new Norwegian Christmas comedy follows a well-known and beloved recipe. But it is not particularly funny".
A critic from Decider wrote that "SKIP IT, if anything, just to show solidarity towards Jashan. #JusticeforJashan. You deserve better, king". A critic from Ready Steady Cut wrote that "Other than the weird plot and content, the film is nicely shot and there are some comedic moments that allow Christmas as Usual to be a nice, easy watch. However, it is not going to be a Christmas film I suggest watching every year — once will be enough".
A critic from Times Now rated the film 1 1⁄2 out of 5 stars and wrote that "The film does have a few amusing moments, but that's not enough to tide the viewer through the rest of the mess. You're better off catching an actual Bollywood romance instead". A critic from The Times of India rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "Christmas As Usual is not a great film but it's not without its merits. Moments of genuine amusement pepper the film, making it an option for those seeking a light-hearted Christmas film this festive season". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Christmas As Usual (Norwegian: Så var det jul igjen) is a 2023 Norwegian romantic comedy film directed by Petter Holmsen starring Ida Ursin-Holm and Kanan Gill.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The film is based on the true story of Holmsen's sister, a Norwegian, and her relationship with an Indian, whom she brings home for Christmas Eve. The film was released to negative reviews.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On December 1 in Los Angeles, Jashan proposes to Thea. She accepts the proposal and invites Jashan to spend Christmas Eve with her family in Telemark. After Jashan arrives, there is a culture clash and Thea tells Jashan that she will wait for the right time to tell her mother Anne-Lise about their engagement. For Jashan, the Christmas trip is a roller coaster of emotions as he learns about Teeny Tiny Christmas (December 22), Thea's family is not used to his Indian food, disrupts Thea's niece while she sings in church, and learns about Jørgen, Thea's neighbor who had a relationship with her for five years.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The real Thea and Jashan (Mia Holmsen and Akshay Chawdhry) cameo as themselves at the end of the film.",
"title": "Cast"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "A critic from NRK P3 wrote that \"The film's uncomfortable mood also blocks the Christmas spirit for far too long, but viewers who persevere will get a version of postcard Christmas cheer and nods to \"Love Actually\" eventually. Even for a Christmas streaming movie lover, 'Then it was Christmas again' becomes too thin a soup spread too thick\". A critic from Vink wrote that \"This new Norwegian Christmas comedy follows a well-known and beloved recipe. But it is not particularly funny\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "A critic from Decider wrote that \"SKIP IT, if anything, just to show solidarity towards Jashan. #JusticeforJashan. You deserve better, king\". A critic from Ready Steady Cut wrote that \"Other than the weird plot and content, the film is nicely shot and there are some comedic moments that allow Christmas as Usual to be a nice, easy watch. However, it is not going to be a Christmas film I suggest watching every year — once will be enough\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "A critic from Times Now rated the film 1 1⁄2 out of 5 stars and wrote that \"The film does have a few amusing moments, but that's not enough to tide the viewer through the rest of the mess. You're better off catching an actual Bollywood romance instead\". A critic from The Times of India rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that \"Christmas As Usual is not a great film but it's not without its merits. Moments of genuine amusement pepper the film, making it an option for those seeking a light-hearted Christmas film this festive season\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Christmas As Usual is a 2023 Norwegian romantic comedy film directed by Petter Holmsen starring Ida Ursin-Holm and Kanan Gill. The film is based on the true story of Holmsen's sister, a Norwegian, and her relationship with an Indian, whom she brings home for Christmas Eve. The film was released to negative reviews. | 2023-12-27T09:36:36Z | 2023-12-28T13:19:47Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_As_Usual |
75,655,119 | Beauvais Missal | The Beauvais Missal is a Medieval missal dating to the 1290s. It was among the liturgical books of the Beauvais Cathedral in Beauvais, France, for well over 490 years, up until dispersal from the French Revolution. Passing from collector to collector, it made it to the manuscript collection of William Randolph Hearst, who eventually sold it to book dealer Philip C. Duschnes in 1942, where subsequently him and his friend Otto Ege, separated the book into several singular folios.
Considered a textbook tragedy of the destruction of a medieval manuscript for the sake of collecting in the 19th–20th centuries, where one folio can sell for a higher profit margin than a whole book, the manuscript has dispersed into many museums and private collections. There has been an effort underway to reconstruct the manuscript digitally, and over the courses of years, the discovery of pages has come into public spotlight.
The Missal, which was a composition of 309 leaves composes of a calendrical guide containing the prayers, chants, and guides for the Mass for the Catholic Church.
In the 13th century, the Missal was standardized into one book, called the Missal Plenum (Latin: "Full Missal").
The Beauvais Missal was written approximate at the turn of the 14th century, under the ownership of Robert de Hangest, a canon to the Beauvais Cathedral. It is speculated that the artist of the manuscript may have been the same artist who composed the Book of hours of Yolande of Soissons (Morgan Library MS.M.729), as through documents, Hangest lived 10 miles northwest of Amiens, where the alleged artist lived.
The Missal has been attribute to a workshop called the "Cholet Group", based on the similarities of the initials, figures and marginalia to that of the Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal MS 25.
On September 1356, sensing his death, Hangest donated the Missal to the cathedral as listed in the registers of Beauvais in exchange for an annual remembrance mass for him on his passing. He died 3 November 1356.
The Missal was in the cathedral's inventory for centuries, documented in four centuries later in the 17th century, but during the Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, the library of Beauvais was dispersed.
In 1843, a commercial broker of Lyon, Henri Auguste Brölemann, gilt and bound the manuscript, wherein it was passed through descent to great-granddaughter Madame Etienne Mallet.
On 4 May 1926, it was sold at Sotheby's to an antique bookdealer William Permain for £970 who represented media mogul William Randolph Hearst, who brought it from London to the United States. He subsequently sold the manuscript in 1942 to Philip Duschnes.
Duschnes, and his friend, Otto Ege, a teacher at Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Institute of Art dismantled the book, selling folios for $25–40 to increase the profit margins of the book. As such the manuscript has been separated into fragments since then.
There has been recent efforts reconstruct the manuscript through digital means, in the years since the death of Ege, as the folio has been dispersed in many collections all over the world. The effort under is helmed by Lisa Fagin Davis, professor of manuscript studies at Simmons University as well as director of the Medieval Academy of America.
As of December 2023, 122 pages of the 309 have been identified and reconstructed, all of which are identified from the same volume as they compose of the rites of summer feasts, as well as Easter and Advent.
Manuscript folios continue to show up on the market to this day.
In 2022, a folio emerged at an estate sale in Waterville, Maine, purchased for $75. The page was then authenticated by Davis and the faculty of Colby College.
Subsequently, in October 2022, a folio featuring entries for the feast of St. Callixtus and St. Lucian was authenticated by Davis upon acquisition to the University of Connecticut's Archives & Special Collection by School of Nursing Faculty Prof. Thomas Long, who acquired the piece in the late 1990s.
Currently, the bulk of the manuscript is held in New England by UMass, UConn, Rhode Island School of Design, Harvard, Yale, Smith, Wellesley, Dartmouth, and Colby College, in addition to the Wadsworth Atheneum and Boston Public Library.
Additional fragments are currently held worldwide, including Oslo Cathedral, Waseda University, and France. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Beauvais Missal is a Medieval missal dating to the 1290s. It was among the liturgical books of the Beauvais Cathedral in Beauvais, France, for well over 490 years, up until dispersal from the French Revolution. Passing from collector to collector, it made it to the manuscript collection of William Randolph Hearst, who eventually sold it to book dealer Philip C. Duschnes in 1942, where subsequently him and his friend Otto Ege, separated the book into several singular folios.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Considered a textbook tragedy of the destruction of a medieval manuscript for the sake of collecting in the 19th–20th centuries, where one folio can sell for a higher profit margin than a whole book, the manuscript has dispersed into many museums and private collections. There has been an effort underway to reconstruct the manuscript digitally, and over the courses of years, the discovery of pages has come into public spotlight.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Missal, which was a composition of 309 leaves composes of a calendrical guide containing the prayers, chants, and guides for the Mass for the Catholic Church.",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the 13th century, the Missal was standardized into one book, called the Missal Plenum (Latin: \"Full Missal\").",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Beauvais Missal was written approximate at the turn of the 14th century, under the ownership of Robert de Hangest, a canon to the Beauvais Cathedral. It is speculated that the artist of the manuscript may have been the same artist who composed the Book of hours of Yolande of Soissons (Morgan Library MS.M.729), as through documents, Hangest lived 10 miles northwest of Amiens, where the alleged artist lived.",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Missal has been attribute to a workshop called the \"Cholet Group\", based on the similarities of the initials, figures and marginalia to that of the Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal MS 25.",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On September 1356, sensing his death, Hangest donated the Missal to the cathedral as listed in the registers of Beauvais in exchange for an annual remembrance mass for him on his passing. He died 3 November 1356.",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The Missal was in the cathedral's inventory for centuries, documented in four centuries later in the 17th century, but during the Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, the library of Beauvais was dispersed.",
"title": "Provenance and Separation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 1843, a commercial broker of Lyon, Henri Auguste Brölemann, gilt and bound the manuscript, wherein it was passed through descent to great-granddaughter Madame Etienne Mallet.",
"title": "Provenance and Separation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On 4 May 1926, it was sold at Sotheby's to an antique bookdealer William Permain for £970 who represented media mogul William Randolph Hearst, who brought it from London to the United States. He subsequently sold the manuscript in 1942 to Philip Duschnes.",
"title": "Provenance and Separation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Duschnes, and his friend, Otto Ege, a teacher at Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Institute of Art dismantled the book, selling folios for $25–40 to increase the profit margins of the book. As such the manuscript has been separated into fragments since then.",
"title": "Provenance and Separation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "There has been recent efforts reconstruct the manuscript through digital means, in the years since the death of Ege, as the folio has been dispersed in many collections all over the world. The effort under is helmed by Lisa Fagin Davis, professor of manuscript studies at Simmons University as well as director of the Medieval Academy of America.",
"title": "Digital Reconstruction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "As of December 2023, 122 pages of the 309 have been identified and reconstructed, all of which are identified from the same volume as they compose of the rites of summer feasts, as well as Easter and Advent.",
"title": "Digital Reconstruction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Manuscript folios continue to show up on the market to this day.",
"title": "Digital Reconstruction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In 2022, a folio emerged at an estate sale in Waterville, Maine, purchased for $75. The page was then authenticated by Davis and the faculty of Colby College.",
"title": "Digital Reconstruction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Subsequently, in October 2022, a folio featuring entries for the feast of St. Callixtus and St. Lucian was authenticated by Davis upon acquisition to the University of Connecticut's Archives & Special Collection by School of Nursing Faculty Prof. Thomas Long, who acquired the piece in the late 1990s.",
"title": "Digital Reconstruction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Currently, the bulk of the manuscript is held in New England by UMass, UConn, Rhode Island School of Design, Harvard, Yale, Smith, Wellesley, Dartmouth, and Colby College, in addition to the Wadsworth Atheneum and Boston Public Library.",
"title": "Digital Reconstruction"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Additional fragments are currently held worldwide, including Oslo Cathedral, Waseda University, and France.",
"title": "Digital Reconstruction"
}
] | The Beauvais Missal is a Medieval missal dating to the 1290s. It was among the liturgical books of the Beauvais Cathedral in Beauvais, France, for well over 490 years, up until dispersal from the French Revolution. Passing from collector to collector, it made it to the manuscript collection of William Randolph Hearst, who eventually sold it to book dealer Philip C. Duschnes in 1942, where subsequently him and his friend Otto Ege, separated the book into several singular folios. Considered a textbook tragedy of the destruction of a medieval manuscript for the sake of collecting in the 19th–20th centuries, where one folio can sell for a higher profit margin than a whole book, the manuscript has dispersed into many museums and private collections. There has been an effort underway to reconstruct the manuscript digitally, and over the courses of years, the discovery of pages has come into public spotlight. | 2023-12-27T09:37:46Z | 2023-12-28T19:36:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauvais_Missal |
75,655,122 | Gwadar Seawater Desalination Plant | The Gwadar Seawater Desalination Plant is a desalination project in Gwadar, Pakistan, aimed at meeting water shortages in the city. The plant was established with the support of the Chinese government and is designed to provide clean drinking water to the residents of Gwadar. The desalination plant was inaugurated on 30 June 2023.
The plant can treat 1.2 million gallons of seawater per day. The water problem in Gwadar city is expected to be solved to a great extent. The plant is operational and supplies 5,000 tonnes of drinking water per day.
The construction of the desalination plant was completed in collaboration with the Gwadar Port Authority and China Harbor Engineering Company. By November 15, 2022, about 30 percent of the construction work had been completed. The pace of work was expected to be completed before April 2023.
The cost of this project was 2 billion rupees, which was financed by the Chinese government. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Gwadar Seawater Desalination Plant is a desalination project in Gwadar, Pakistan, aimed at meeting water shortages in the city. The plant was established with the support of the Chinese government and is designed to provide clean drinking water to the residents of Gwadar. The desalination plant was inaugurated on 30 June 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The plant can treat 1.2 million gallons of seawater per day. The water problem in Gwadar city is expected to be solved to a great extent. The plant is operational and supplies 5,000 tonnes of drinking water per day.",
"title": "Capacity and function"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The construction of the desalination plant was completed in collaboration with the Gwadar Port Authority and China Harbor Engineering Company. By November 15, 2022, about 30 percent of the construction work had been completed. The pace of work was expected to be completed before April 2023.",
"title": "Construction and development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The cost of this project was 2 billion rupees, which was financed by the Chinese government.",
"title": "Construction and development"
}
] | The Gwadar Seawater Desalination Plant is a desalination project in Gwadar, Pakistan, aimed at meeting water shortages in the city. The plant was established with the support of the Chinese government and is designed to provide clean drinking water to the residents of Gwadar. The desalination plant was inaugurated on 30 June 2023. | 2023-12-27T09:39:18Z | 2023-12-28T04:05:05Z | [
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwadar_Seawater_Desalination_Plant |
75,655,123 | Skykomish people | The Skykomish (Lushootseed: sq̓ixʷəbš; also historically known as the Skai-Wha-Mish and Skywamish) are a Lushootseed-speaking Coast Salish people indigenous to the Skykomish River Valley in the Cascade Mountains of Washington.
The Skykomish people have been variously categorized as a subgroup of the Snoqualmie people, the Snohomish people, or as a tribe in their own right.
The territory of the Skykomish consisted of the Skykomish River drainage, from about modern-day Sultan to Index.
Two bands made up the Skykomish. From Sultan to Index were the Sq́exwəbc. From Index into the mountains were the bəsx̌əx̌əx̌alč, meaning fern people.
The Skykomish also had summer dwellings on Puget Sound and its islands, for temporary use.
Tribespeople used canoes to travel via waterways; shovel-nosed canoes for upriver travel, and deep-water canoes for downriver and ocean travel.
During the colonial period, the Skykomish engaged in trade with Europeans at Fort Nisqually
In 1849, the Skykomish and Snoqualmie attacked Fort Nisqually. However, during the 1855–56 Puget Sound War, the Skykomish followed the lead of Pro-American Snoqualmie Chief Patkanin and remained neutral.
In 1855, the Skykomish were represented in the Treaty of Point Elliot by seven signatories: Smeh-mai-hu, Lugs-ken, We-ai-pah, Peh-nus, Twooi-as-kut, Heh-mahl, and Steh-shail (William). This treaty was the impetus for the Tulalip Reservation, to which the Skykomish people relocated.
In the mid-1800s, the population of the Skykomish was estimated at 300–450. By 1900, there were about 320 Skykomish left, living in Sultan and Gold Bar.
At a 1933 re-enactment of the signing of the Treaty at Juanita Bay, the Skykomish were represented by Chief Black Thunder, also known as Mr. Bagley.
Scholars have long been divided on whether the Skykomish people are best described as a tribe, or a subgroup within the Snoqualmie Tribe. The Treaty of Point Elliot indicates that the Skykomish were a tribe. However, the historically close relationships between the Skykomish, Snohomish, and Snoqualmie peoples makes it difficult to define distinct territorial and cultural boundaries.
In 1960, the Indian Claims Commission ruled that the Skykomish people were a separate identifiable people from the Snoqualmies. However, on appeal, Judge Don Nelson Laramore ruled that in light of the fact that a number of members of the Snoqualmie Tribe considered themselves both Skykomishes and Snoqualmies, the Snoqualmie Tribe does have a right to represent the Skykomish people.
The specific dialect of the Skykomish, is also an object of debate. Anthropologist Colin Tweddell believed the Skykomish spoke a subdialect of Northern Lushootseed, along with the Snohomish. The Indian Claims Commission found that the Skykomish spoke Southern Lushootseed, as do the Snoqualmie. In 1852, Indian Agent E.A. Starling stated that the Skykomish speak the Snohomish dialect.
The Skykomish relied on a diet similar to other tribes on the western slopes of the Cascades. This consisted of plant life (sand rush, salmonberries, strawberries, blackberries, blackcaps, salalberries, huckleberries, blueberries, blue elderberries, hazelnuts) and animal (deer, elk, mountain goat, salmon, clams, and cockles). Deer hides and goat wool were used as trade supplies.
Mountain berries were gathered and sold fresh to settlers at lower elevation, or made into dried cakes for storage.
Beargrass was collected to make baskets.
Potlatch houses were social, commercial, and ceremonial centers.
Salmon fishing was done with weirs. Skykomish families would take trips to Puget Sound during the Spring and Summer months to gather seafood.
Caps were made from mountain goat heads, with the horns and ears still attached.
The Skykomish engaged in commerce and communication with many surrounding tribes, including with the Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Stillaguamish, and Wenatchi peoples.
The Skykomish River, and the City of Skykomish, are both named for the tribe. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Skykomish (Lushootseed: sq̓ixʷəbš; also historically known as the Skai-Wha-Mish and Skywamish) are a Lushootseed-speaking Coast Salish people indigenous to the Skykomish River Valley in the Cascade Mountains of Washington.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Skykomish people have been variously categorized as a subgroup of the Snoqualmie people, the Snohomish people, or as a tribe in their own right.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The territory of the Skykomish consisted of the Skykomish River drainage, from about modern-day Sultan to Index.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Two bands made up the Skykomish. From Sultan to Index were the Sq́exwəbc. From Index into the mountains were the bəsx̌əx̌əx̌alč, meaning fern people.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Skykomish also had summer dwellings on Puget Sound and its islands, for temporary use.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Tribespeople used canoes to travel via waterways; shovel-nosed canoes for upriver travel, and deep-water canoes for downriver and ocean travel.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "During the colonial period, the Skykomish engaged in trade with Europeans at Fort Nisqually",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1849, the Skykomish and Snoqualmie attacked Fort Nisqually. However, during the 1855–56 Puget Sound War, the Skykomish followed the lead of Pro-American Snoqualmie Chief Patkanin and remained neutral.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 1855, the Skykomish were represented in the Treaty of Point Elliot by seven signatories: Smeh-mai-hu, Lugs-ken, We-ai-pah, Peh-nus, Twooi-as-kut, Heh-mahl, and Steh-shail (William). This treaty was the impetus for the Tulalip Reservation, to which the Skykomish people relocated.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In the mid-1800s, the population of the Skykomish was estimated at 300–450. By 1900, there were about 320 Skykomish left, living in Sultan and Gold Bar.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "At a 1933 re-enactment of the signing of the Treaty at Juanita Bay, the Skykomish were represented by Chief Black Thunder, also known as Mr. Bagley.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Scholars have long been divided on whether the Skykomish people are best described as a tribe, or a subgroup within the Snoqualmie Tribe. The Treaty of Point Elliot indicates that the Skykomish were a tribe. However, the historically close relationships between the Skykomish, Snohomish, and Snoqualmie peoples makes it difficult to define distinct territorial and cultural boundaries.",
"title": "Question of Tribal Independence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In 1960, the Indian Claims Commission ruled that the Skykomish people were a separate identifiable people from the Snoqualmies. However, on appeal, Judge Don Nelson Laramore ruled that in light of the fact that a number of members of the Snoqualmie Tribe considered themselves both Skykomishes and Snoqualmies, the Snoqualmie Tribe does have a right to represent the Skykomish people.",
"title": "Question of Tribal Independence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The specific dialect of the Skykomish, is also an object of debate. Anthropologist Colin Tweddell believed the Skykomish spoke a subdialect of Northern Lushootseed, along with the Snohomish. The Indian Claims Commission found that the Skykomish spoke Southern Lushootseed, as do the Snoqualmie. In 1852, Indian Agent E.A. Starling stated that the Skykomish speak the Snohomish dialect.",
"title": "Question of Tribal Independence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The Skykomish relied on a diet similar to other tribes on the western slopes of the Cascades. This consisted of plant life (sand rush, salmonberries, strawberries, blackberries, blackcaps, salalberries, huckleberries, blueberries, blue elderberries, hazelnuts) and animal (deer, elk, mountain goat, salmon, clams, and cockles). Deer hides and goat wool were used as trade supplies.",
"title": "Subsistence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Mountain berries were gathered and sold fresh to settlers at lower elevation, or made into dried cakes for storage.",
"title": "Subsistence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Beargrass was collected to make baskets.",
"title": "Subsistence"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Potlatch houses were social, commercial, and ceremonial centers.",
"title": "Culture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Salmon fishing was done with weirs. Skykomish families would take trips to Puget Sound during the Spring and Summer months to gather seafood.",
"title": "Culture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Caps were made from mountain goat heads, with the horns and ears still attached.",
"title": "Culture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The Skykomish engaged in commerce and communication with many surrounding tribes, including with the Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Stillaguamish, and Wenatchi peoples.",
"title": "Culture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "The Skykomish River, and the City of Skykomish, are both named for the tribe.",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] | The Skykomish are a Lushootseed-speaking Coast Salish people indigenous to the Skykomish River Valley in the Cascade Mountains of Washington. The Skykomish people have been variously categorized as a subgroup of the Snoqualmie people, the Snohomish people, or as a tribe in their own right. | 2023-12-27T09:39:46Z | 2023-12-29T10:54:23Z | [
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75,655,127 | Phillip O’Shea | Phillippe (Phillip) Patrick O’Shea CNZM CVO KStJ (born 23 March 1947) has been the New Zealand Herald Extraordinary since February 1978 amongst other notable roles in the public service of New Zealand.
O’Shea was educated at St Patrick’s College in Wellington. In the 1960s, he later graduated from the Victoria University of Wellington. After gaining his qualifications, O’Shea became a junior public servant. He would remain in the public service for the rest of his career.
He started in the public service as an advisor to the New Zealand Treasury between 1967 and 1974. After this, O’Shea moved to become the Advisory Officer to the honours section of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet in 1974. He remained in that position until 2004. In 1978, the Garter Principal King of Arms, appointed him the New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary to Her Majesty The Queen, a position that no New Zealander had held before. He has since remained in that position as of present.
In this mostly symbolic position, O’Shea has been the principal adviser to governments regarding the honours and awards granted to New Zealanders, including the designing of the Queen's Service Order (1975), the Order of New Zealand (1987), and the New Zealand Order of Merit (1996), amongst other commemorative medals. O’Shea has since been recognised with a number of honours himself due to his contributions as the Specialist Advisor of the Honours Unit to the Realm of New Zealand.
Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:People from Wellington City Category:People educated at St. Patrick's College, Wellington Category:Victoria University of Wellington alumni Category:20th-century New Zealand public servants Category:21st-century New Zealand public servants Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Phillippe (Phillip) Patrick O’Shea CNZM CVO KStJ (born 23 March 1947) has been the New Zealand Herald Extraordinary since February 1978 amongst other notable roles in the public service of New Zealand.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "O’Shea was educated at St Patrick’s College in Wellington. In the 1960s, he later graduated from the Victoria University of Wellington. After gaining his qualifications, O’Shea became a junior public servant. He would remain in the public service for the rest of his career.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He started in the public service as an advisor to the New Zealand Treasury between 1967 and 1974. After this, O’Shea moved to become the Advisory Officer to the honours section of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet in 1974. He remained in that position until 2004. In 1978, the Garter Principal King of Arms, appointed him the New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary to Her Majesty The Queen, a position that no New Zealander had held before. He has since remained in that position as of present.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In this mostly symbolic position, O’Shea has been the principal adviser to governments regarding the honours and awards granted to New Zealanders, including the designing of the Queen's Service Order (1975), the Order of New Zealand (1987), and the New Zealand Order of Merit (1996), amongst other commemorative medals. O’Shea has since been recognised with a number of honours himself due to his contributions as the Specialist Advisor of the Honours Unit to the Realm of New Zealand.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:People from Wellington City Category:People educated at St. Patrick's College, Wellington Category:Victoria University of Wellington alumni Category:20th-century New Zealand public servants Category:21st-century New Zealand public servants Category:Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order",
"title": "References"
}
] | Phillippe (Phillip) Patrick O’Shea has been the New Zealand Herald Extraordinary since February 1978 amongst other notable roles in the public service of New Zealand. O’Shea was educated at St Patrick’s College in Wellington. In the 1960s, he later graduated from the Victoria University of Wellington. After gaining his qualifications, O’Shea became a junior public servant. He would remain in the public service for the rest of his career. He started in the public service as an advisor to the New Zealand Treasury between 1967 and 1974. After this, O’Shea moved to become the Advisory Officer to the honours section of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet in 1974. He remained in that position until 2004. In 1978, the Garter Principal King of Arms, appointed him the New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary to Her Majesty The Queen, a position that no New Zealander had held before. He has since remained in that position as of present. In this mostly symbolic position, O’Shea has been the principal adviser to governments regarding the honours and awards granted to New Zealanders, including the designing of the Queen's Service Order (1975), the Order of New Zealand (1987), and the New Zealand Order of Merit (1996), amongst other commemorative medals. O’Shea has since been recognised with a number of honours himself due to his contributions as the Specialist Advisor of the Honours Unit to the Realm of New Zealand. | 2023-12-27T09:40:13Z | 2023-12-31T04:35:46Z | [
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75,655,138 | Jean Raymond Merlin | Jean Raymond Merlin (surnamed Monroy, Romans-sur-Isère c. 1510 – Geneva, c. 1578) was a French a Protestant theologian.
Jean Raymond Merlin was born at Romans-sur-Isère, France, about 1510. He was a professor of Hebrew at Lausanne, probably from 1537 to 1558, when he resigned his position in order the better to protest against the removal from office of two of his colleagues, Pierre Viret and Jacob Valier, by act of the Bernese government. He afterwards retired to Geneva, where he was pastor for three years. Called to Paris in 1561, at the instance of Coligny, he was intrusted with a mission to La Rochelle, and attended the Colloquy of Poissy, where he took, however, only a secondary part. Jeanne d'Albret then invited him to visit the Béarn, and engaged him to propagate the doctrines of the Reformation. He returned to Geneva about the middle of 1564. Shortly thereafter he came in conflict with the civil authorities, and, because of his decided opposition to civil interference in ecclesiastical affairs, was removed. Merlin then went into the Dauphiné, from which the massacre of St. Bartholomew drove him away. He sought refuge in Geneva. He died about 1578.
Merlin wrote a French translation entitled Commentaires d'Œcolampade sur Job et Daniel (Geneva, 1561, 8vo). He also published Catéchisme extrait de celuy de Genève, pour examiner ceux qu'on veut recevoir à la Cène, avec la translation en langue bernoise (Limoges, s. d.); Les dix Commandements de la loi de Dieu, translates d'Hébreu en Français, et exposés avec six autres translations (Geneva, 1561). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jean Raymond Merlin (surnamed Monroy, Romans-sur-Isère c. 1510 – Geneva, c. 1578) was a French a Protestant theologian.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jean Raymond Merlin was born at Romans-sur-Isère, France, about 1510. He was a professor of Hebrew at Lausanne, probably from 1537 to 1558, when he resigned his position in order the better to protest against the removal from office of two of his colleagues, Pierre Viret and Jacob Valier, by act of the Bernese government. He afterwards retired to Geneva, where he was pastor for three years. Called to Paris in 1561, at the instance of Coligny, he was intrusted with a mission to La Rochelle, and attended the Colloquy of Poissy, where he took, however, only a secondary part. Jeanne d'Albret then invited him to visit the Béarn, and engaged him to propagate the doctrines of the Reformation. He returned to Geneva about the middle of 1564. Shortly thereafter he came in conflict with the civil authorities, and, because of his decided opposition to civil interference in ecclesiastical affairs, was removed. Merlin then went into the Dauphiné, from which the massacre of St. Bartholomew drove him away. He sought refuge in Geneva. He died about 1578.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Merlin wrote a French translation entitled Commentaires d'Œcolampade sur Job et Daniel (Geneva, 1561, 8vo). He also published Catéchisme extrait de celuy de Genève, pour examiner ceux qu'on veut recevoir à la Cène, avec la translation en langue bernoise (Limoges, s. d.); Les dix Commandements de la loi de Dieu, translates d'Hébreu en Français, et exposés avec six autres translations (Geneva, 1561).",
"title": "Works"
}
] | Jean Raymond Merlin was a French a Protestant theologian. | 2023-12-27T09:41:14Z | 2023-12-31T14:30:50Z | [
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75,655,148 | Swainsona eremaea | Swainsona eremaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a low-growing, spreading, probably perennial plant with imparipinnate leaves with 5 to 11 linear, oblong to broadly wedge-shaped leaflets, and racemes of bright red to brown or yellow flowers in racemes of 5 to 20.
Swainsona eremaea is a low-growing, spreading, probably perennial herb, with initally erect stems. The leaves are imparipinnate, 20–90 mm (0.79–3.54 in) long with 5 to 11 linear, oblong to broadly wedge-shaped, or heart-shaped leaflets with their narrower end towards the base. The leaflets are mostly 1–15 mm (0.039–0.591 in) long and 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) wide with stipules up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long at the base of the petioles. The flowers are bright red, brown or yellow, arranged in racemes of 5 to 20 on a peduncle 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) wide with broadly lance-shaped to elliptic bracts 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long at the base. The sepals are joined at the base, forming a tube 2.0–2.5 mm (0.079–0.098 in) long with lobes shorter than or equal to the tube. The standard petal is 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) wide, the wings 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and the keel 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long and about 4 mm (0.16 in) deep. The fruit is a narrowly egg-shaped pod 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide.
Swainsona eremaea was first formally described in 1993 by Joy Thompson in the journal Telopea, from specimens collected by Frank Badman 10 km (6.2 mi) south of William Creek in 1984. The specific epithet (eremaea) means "from the desert.
This species of pea grows in central northern South Australia, in sandy or stony soils on floodplains. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Swainsona eremaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a low-growing, spreading, probably perennial plant with imparipinnate leaves with 5 to 11 linear, oblong to broadly wedge-shaped leaflets, and racemes of bright red to brown or yellow flowers in racemes of 5 to 20.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Swainsona eremaea is a low-growing, spreading, probably perennial herb, with initally erect stems. The leaves are imparipinnate, 20–90 mm (0.79–3.54 in) long with 5 to 11 linear, oblong to broadly wedge-shaped, or heart-shaped leaflets with their narrower end towards the base. The leaflets are mostly 1–15 mm (0.039–0.591 in) long and 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) wide with stipules up to 15 mm (0.59 in) long at the base of the petioles. The flowers are bright red, brown or yellow, arranged in racemes of 5 to 20 on a peduncle 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) wide with broadly lance-shaped to elliptic bracts 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long at the base. The sepals are joined at the base, forming a tube 2.0–2.5 mm (0.079–0.098 in) long with lobes shorter than or equal to the tube. The standard petal is 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) long and 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) wide, the wings 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and the keel 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in) long and about 4 mm (0.16 in) deep. The fruit is a narrowly egg-shaped pod 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Swainsona eremaea was first formally described in 1993 by Joy Thompson in the journal Telopea, from specimens collected by Frank Badman 10 km (6.2 mi) south of William Creek in 1984. The specific epithet (eremaea) means \"from the desert.",
"title": "Taxonomy and naming"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This species of pea grows in central northern South Australia, in sandy or stony soils on floodplains.",
"title": "Distribution"
}
] | Swainsona eremaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a low-growing, spreading, probably perennial plant with imparipinnate leaves with 5 to 11 linear, oblong to broadly wedge-shaped leaflets, and racemes of bright red to brown or yellow flowers in racemes of 5 to 20. | 2023-12-27T09:43:22Z | 2023-12-27T10:15:23Z | [
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75,655,184 | Party "Together with the Vytis" | The Party "Together with the Vytis" (Lithuanian: Partija "Kartu su Vyčiu") is a minor right-wing political party in Lithuania which was founded in 2007. It is led by engineer Vaclovas Žutautas. The party has not achieved significant success in Lithuanian elections.
The party was founded as the Lithuanian Pensioners' Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos pensininkų partija) on 14 June 2007. It described itself as a pensioners' party and its foundation was motivated by injustice towards retired persons in Lithuania. The party's founder, Vytautas Jurgis Kadžys, was a retired army officer who formerly belonged to the far-right Lithuanian Nationalist Union and National Democratic Party of Lithuania. However, Kadžys claimed that the party belongs to neither the political left nor the right and will cooperate with parties from the entire political spectrum.
It protested Lithuania's accession to the Eurozone and demanded pensions to be indexed with inflation.
It participated in the 2011 municipal elections and received 0.37% of the vote, but did not win any mandates. It finished with a worse result in the municipal elections of 2015 and ceased participating in municipal elections.
In 2016, it joined Naglis Puteikis, 2014 presidential election candidate and former Homeland Union member of the Seimas, and journalist Kristupas Krivickas in the "Anti-Corruption Coalition". A wide coalition of anti-establishment parties, it was also joined by the Lithuanian Centre Party, the Political Party "Centre of Trade Unions", the Lithuanian Party of Christian Democracy, and former National Resurrection Party member Ligitas Kernagis. Though the coalition received 6.32% of the vote, it did not reach the 7% threshold required for multi-party coalitions and did not win proportional seats.
In 2020, the party was joined by philosopher Arvydas Juozaitis, who was elected the new party chairman. Juozaitis was a candidate in the 2019 presidential election and campaigned against globalisation and European integration, and had intended to found his own party, but failed to gather the required number of founding members. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Party \"Together with the Vytis\" (Lithuanian: Partija \"Kartu su Vyčiu\") is a minor right-wing political party in Lithuania which was founded in 2007. It is led by engineer Vaclovas Žutautas. The party has not achieved significant success in Lithuanian elections.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The party was founded as the Lithuanian Pensioners' Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos pensininkų partija) on 14 June 2007. It described itself as a pensioners' party and its foundation was motivated by injustice towards retired persons in Lithuania. The party's founder, Vytautas Jurgis Kadžys, was a retired army officer who formerly belonged to the far-right Lithuanian Nationalist Union and National Democratic Party of Lithuania. However, Kadžys claimed that the party belongs to neither the political left nor the right and will cooperate with parties from the entire political spectrum.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "It protested Lithuania's accession to the Eurozone and demanded pensions to be indexed with inflation.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "It participated in the 2011 municipal elections and received 0.37% of the vote, but did not win any mandates. It finished with a worse result in the municipal elections of 2015 and ceased participating in municipal elections.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2016, it joined Naglis Puteikis, 2014 presidential election candidate and former Homeland Union member of the Seimas, and journalist Kristupas Krivickas in the \"Anti-Corruption Coalition\". A wide coalition of anti-establishment parties, it was also joined by the Lithuanian Centre Party, the Political Party \"Centre of Trade Unions\", the Lithuanian Party of Christian Democracy, and former National Resurrection Party member Ligitas Kernagis. Though the coalition received 6.32% of the vote, it did not reach the 7% threshold required for multi-party coalitions and did not win proportional seats.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2020, the party was joined by philosopher Arvydas Juozaitis, who was elected the new party chairman. Juozaitis was a candidate in the 2019 presidential election and campaigned against globalisation and European integration, and had intended to found his own party, but failed to gather the required number of founding members.",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Party "Together with the Vytis" is a minor right-wing political party in Lithuania which was founded in 2007. It is led by engineer Vaclovas Žutautas. The party has not achieved significant success in Lithuanian elections. | 2023-12-27T09:49:46Z | 2023-12-27T11:54:17Z | [
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75,655,206 | Lauri (footballer) | Laura Requena Sánchez (born May 25, 1990) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a striker for Granada.
Lauri joined the youth academy of Spanish side Fundación Albacete at the age of twelve.
Lauri attended ESCO Granada in Spain.
Lauri played for Spanish side Granada, where she captained the club.
Lauri mainly operates as a striker and has been described as a "tireless fighter, perhaps the most supportive of the forwards, she always puts the collective interest above her own".
Lauri is a native of La Mancha, Spain. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Laura Requena Sánchez (born May 25, 1990) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a striker for Granada.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lauri joined the youth academy of Spanish side Fundación Albacete at the age of twelve.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lauri attended ESCO Granada in Spain.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Lauri played for Spanish side Granada, where she captained the club.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Lauri mainly operates as a striker and has been described as a \"tireless fighter, perhaps the most supportive of the forwards, she always puts the collective interest above her own\".",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Lauri is a native of La Mancha, Spain.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Laura Requena Sánchez is a Spanish footballer who plays as a striker for Granada. | 2023-12-27T09:54:09Z | 2023-12-28T09:27:37Z | [
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75,655,215 | List of countries by gross fixed capital formation | This is the list of countries by gross fixed capital formation (GFCP), formerly known as gross fixed investment. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.
According to World Bank, gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.
The following table shows the most recent values as well as two previous ones at 5-year intervals (if available) of gross fixed capital formation, expressed in millions of constant 2015 US dollars and as percentage of GDP, based on data published by World Bank. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3. | [
{
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"text": "This is the list of countries by gross fixed capital formation (GFCP), formerly known as gross fixed investment. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "According to World Bank, gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The following table shows the most recent values as well as two previous ones at 5-year intervals (if available) of gross fixed capital formation, expressed in millions of constant 2015 US dollars and as percentage of GDP, based on data published by World Bank. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.",
"title": ""
}
] | This is the list of countries by gross fixed capital formation (GFCP), formerly known as gross fixed investment. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. According to World Bank, gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements; plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. The following table shows the most recent values as well as two previous ones at 5-year intervals of gross fixed capital formation, expressed in millions of constant 2015 US dollars and as percentage of GDP, based on data published by World Bank. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3. | 2023-12-27T09:56:28Z | 2023-12-27T11:52:31Z | [
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75,655,238 | FEM (song) | [] | REDIRECT Davido | 2023-12-27T10:01:56Z | 2023-12-28T06:41:57Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FEM_(song) |
|
75,655,271 | Vietnam Championship Series A 2013 Winter Season | The 2013 Vietnam Championship Series A Winter Season is the first split of the first season of Vietnam's fully professional League of Legends league after renaming from Glorious Arena.
Top 8 team from 2013 VCS A Winter Qualifiers
Matches are best of one
₫200,000,000 Vietnamese Dong are spread among the teams as seen below:
As of this edit, this article uses content from "Garena Premier League", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. | [
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"title": "Final standings"
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"title": "External links"
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] | The 2013 Vietnam Championship Series A Winter Season is the first split of the first season of Vietnam's fully professional League of Legends league after renaming from Glorious Arena. | 2023-12-27T10:09:45Z | 2023-12-28T11:56:07Z | [
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75,655,282 | David Gian Maillu | David Gian Maillu (born 19 October 1939) is a Kenyan author and publisher. He is considered East Africa’s most prolific writer, having published over 60 books between 1972 and 2021
Most of his work is in English and Kiswahili, and he also published the first book of poetry in Kikamba.
At first I didn't even know whether an African could write...I had nobody to tell me how to write. I just kept on writing, first traditional stories, and then fiction, even science fiction, and then poetry and anything else. At a later stage I developed an interest in philosophy and practical psychology; in fact, human relations are what I mainly write about now.
David Maillu, 1976
David G. Maillu was born in Kilungu Location in what was then Kenya Colony. He was the first child of Joseph Mulandi and Esther Kavuli. His parents were poor and illiterate, and their son’s exact birthdate was uncertain.
Maillu taught himself to read and write before joining Machakos Technical School in 1951. Four years later, he earned the Cambridge School Certificate, having studied privately through the British Tutorial College.
Maillu then considered enrolling at the University College of Nairobi to study literature, but changed his mind when he discovered the syllabus featured only Western writers. His interest lay with Kenyan writers, including Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o.
In 1964, he joined the Voice of Kenya radio station as a graphic designer. He soon became dissatisfied, but remained in the role until the early 1974 due to financial constraints.
In 1971, he married Hannelore Kuthmann, a German woman who moved to Kenya in 1967 to work for the Kenya Council of Churches. In 1974 their daughter, Elizabeth Kavuli, was born. Elizabeth was Maillu’s second child. His first daughter, Christine Mwende, was born seven years earlier.
When David Maillu could not get any of the established publishers to accept his manuscripts, he set up Comb Books to publish his own work, with typesetting machinery paid for by Danish aid. He also started the cult of the tiny book for the handbag. One of his runaway sellers was After 4.30 which revealed the sexy experiences of secretaries after the office doors closed at the end of the working day; it was bound in a tiny format so that the secretary could discreetly slip the book into her handbag along with her comb when the boss came in.
James Currey
David Maillu's earliest writing appeared in a magazine called Risk, based in Geneva, and in the East African Publishing House's Ghala magazine. He went on to publish over 60 books between 1972 and 2021. Many of these were self-published, first by his Comb Books imprint, then by David Maillu Publishing. By the 1980s his work was published by Macmillian.
Despite the scope of his work, Maillu has not been taken seriously by academics. Many of his early works were considered sexually explicit, and some were banned in Tanzania in June 1976.
Maillu established Comb Books in 1972, publishing dozens of books over the next five years. These were mostly written by Maillu himself.
The first release from Comb Books was also the first book of poetry ever published in Kikamba. Appearing under the title Kĩ Kyambonie: Kĩkamba nthimo, the book sold poorly due to the limited market, and Maillu quickly turned his attention to writing in English.
It was Maillu's 1973 thrillers, Unfit for Human Consumption and My Dear Bottle, that brought him his first success as a writier and publisher. These two publications also demonstrated Maillu's versatility, with the first written in prose and the second as a long narrative poem. My Dear Bottle proved controversial, with Maillu presenting AIDS as a new scourge of Africa. These early titles appeared as 'Comb Mini Novels'; small format novellas measuring 3.5 x 5 inches and sold for five East African Shillings.
In 1974 Maillu wrote and published After 4.30, which would again prove controversial. After 4.30 is long poem narrating the troubled life of a single mother, Emili Katongo, who is forced into prostitution. Schatzberg considers Maillu: 'remarkably ahead of his time in his acute perception of gender consciousness'.
In 1975 and 1976 Maillu published his epic verse narrative The Kommon Man over three volumes. The Kommon Man is narrated by an average Kenyan struggling to survive in the difficult economic climate of the day. A series of injustices occur, illustrating the corruption and inequalities faced by many in the country. Maillu's status as one of Kenya's most popular authors was clear by this stage, with the first print run of The Kommon Man running to 10,000 copies. It included a 20-item questionnaire to capture his readership's interests.
1976 also saw Maillu release two epistolary novels, Dear Monika and Dear Daughter, which again proved popular. By this stage, Comb Books employed seven or eight full time staff and had purchased computerised typesetting equipment. The possibility of establishing offices in Europe and West Africa was considered. But a Tanzanian ban on his work that year, combined with political instability elsewhere in the region, marked the beginning of the end for Comb Books. No books were published in 1977, and in 1978 only two titles appeared. These were released under Maillu's pseudonym Vigad G. Mulila. The firm declared bankrupcy later that year.
Literary critics have not been very generous in their assessments of Maillu's work. No one has lavished praise on him, and few have admitted finding any redeeming value in what or how he writes. The general feeling among serious academics appears to be that such literature is beneath criticism for it is wholly frivolous, the assumption being that a scholar should not waste his time on art that aims to be truly popular. Yet Maillu cannot be ignored in any systematic effort to understand the evolution of an East African literature, for he has extended the frontiers of that literature farther than any other single writer.
Bernth Lindfors, 1982
Maillu quickly establishing a new publishing company, this time under his own name. David Maillu Publishers first book, Kadosa, was released in 1979. Maillu considered this his favourite work, and it presents a blend of romance, adventure, science fiction, metaphysical speculation, and hallucinogenic horror. Lindfors considered Kadosa as 'remarkable' and 'utterly unlike anything he had written before'.
David Maillu went on to publish for Macmillian and others from the early 1980s.
Titles included the popular Benni Kamba 009 books as well as 1991s Broken Drum, which is the story of a European traveller who believes Africans have AIDS simply because they are African. | [
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"title": "Life"
},
{
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"title": "Work"
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"title": "Work"
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"title": "Work"
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"text": "Maillu established Comb Books in 1972, publishing dozens of books over the next five years. These were mostly written by Maillu himself.",
"title": "Work"
},
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"text": "The first release from Comb Books was also the first book of poetry ever published in Kikamba. Appearing under the title Kĩ Kyambonie: Kĩkamba nthimo, the book sold poorly due to the limited market, and Maillu quickly turned his attention to writing in English.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
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"text": "It was Maillu's 1973 thrillers, Unfit for Human Consumption and My Dear Bottle, that brought him his first success as a writier and publisher. These two publications also demonstrated Maillu's versatility, with the first written in prose and the second as a long narrative poem. My Dear Bottle proved controversial, with Maillu presenting AIDS as a new scourge of Africa. These early titles appeared as 'Comb Mini Novels'; small format novellas measuring 3.5 x 5 inches and sold for five East African Shillings.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
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"title": "Work"
},
{
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"text": "In 1975 and 1976 Maillu published his epic verse narrative The Kommon Man over three volumes. The Kommon Man is narrated by an average Kenyan struggling to survive in the difficult economic climate of the day. A series of injustices occur, illustrating the corruption and inequalities faced by many in the country. Maillu's status as one of Kenya's most popular authors was clear by this stage, with the first print run of The Kommon Man running to 10,000 copies. It included a 20-item questionnaire to capture his readership's interests.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "1976 also saw Maillu release two epistolary novels, Dear Monika and Dear Daughter, which again proved popular. By this stage, Comb Books employed seven or eight full time staff and had purchased computerised typesetting equipment. The possibility of establishing offices in Europe and West Africa was considered. But a Tanzanian ban on his work that year, combined with political instability elsewhere in the region, marked the beginning of the end for Comb Books. No books were published in 1977, and in 1978 only two titles appeared. These were released under Maillu's pseudonym Vigad G. Mulila. The firm declared bankrupcy later that year.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
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"text": "Literary critics have not been very generous in their assessments of Maillu's work. No one has lavished praise on him, and few have admitted finding any redeeming value in what or how he writes. The general feeling among serious academics appears to be that such literature is beneath criticism for it is wholly frivolous, the assumption being that a scholar should not waste his time on art that aims to be truly popular. Yet Maillu cannot be ignored in any systematic effort to understand the evolution of an East African literature, for he has extended the frontiers of that literature farther than any other single writer.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
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"text": "Bernth Lindfors, 1982",
"title": "Work"
},
{
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"text": "Maillu quickly establishing a new publishing company, this time under his own name. David Maillu Publishers first book, Kadosa, was released in 1979. Maillu considered this his favourite work, and it presents a blend of romance, adventure, science fiction, metaphysical speculation, and hallucinogenic horror. Lindfors considered Kadosa as 'remarkable' and 'utterly unlike anything he had written before'.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
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"text": "David Maillu went on to publish for Macmillian and others from the early 1980s.",
"title": "Work"
},
{
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"text": "Titles included the popular Benni Kamba 009 books as well as 1991s Broken Drum, which is the story of a European traveller who believes Africans have AIDS simply because they are African.",
"title": "Work"
}
] | David Gian Maillu is a Kenyan author and publisher. He is considered East Africa’s most prolific writer, having published over 60 books between 1972 and 2021 Most of his work is in English and Kiswahili, and he also published the first book of poetry in Kikamba. | 2023-12-27T10:10:41Z | 2023-12-28T04:39:20Z | [
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75,655,290 | Chimani Pakhar | Chimani Pakhar (transl. Sparrow & Birds) is a 2003 Indian Marathi-language Family drama film directed by Mahesh Kothare and produced by Macchindra Chate featuring Padmini Kolhapure, Sachin Khedekar, Nagesh Bhonsle, Bal Dhuri, Meghana Chate, Nihar Shembekar, Avinash Chate in lead roles. Music is composed by Achyut Thakur.
The film is an adaptation of 1993 Malayalam film Akashadoothu.
Nandini (Padmini Kolhapure) and Shekhar (Sachin Khedekar), who grew up in an orphanage, got married, and had four kids: Anju, Vijay, Ajay, and Soni. Vijay and Ajay are twins, but Vijay has trouble moving around. Shekhar drives a jeep, and Annie teaches violin. Despite some money problems, they're a happy family, except when Shekhar spends too much money at the local "toddy shop" because he sometimes drinks too much.
A local toddy vendor Patangrao Kurhade (Nagesh Bhonsle) had an eye on Nandini. One day, he went to her house and tried to rape her. Shekhar came to know about that and has a fight with Patangrao, and things take a bad turn. Patangrao decides to get back at Shekhar. When he sees Ajay riding his bicycle, he hits him with his van. Ajay is hurt, and they find out he needs a blood transfusion. But there's a problem - Nandini can't donate her blood because she's sick. The doctors tell them Nandini has late-stage leukemia and only has a few months to live. This is a shock for the family.
Shekhar tries to change his ways, but one day, during a fight with Patangrao, he gets killed. Nandini is devastated, but she decides to be strong for her family. She worries about what will happen to her kids after she's gone. She doesn't want them to end up in an orphanage like she and Shekhar did, labeled as orphans. So, she makes a tough decision - she will give her children up for adoption.
Nandini, with the help of the school principal, Bapusaheb (Bal Dhuri), arranges for her kids to be adopted. Sonu goes to a doctor's family, Dr. Karnik (Tushar Dalvi) & Mrs. Karnik (Resham Tipnis). Nandini hopes that Ajay and Vijay can stay together, but it's hard to find a family willing to take care of a disabled child like Vijay. Eventually, Nandini decides to give Ajay to a rich couple that is Mr. Pendse (Laxmikant Berde) and Mrs. Pendse (Priya Berde).
Anju, the teenage daughter, decides to stay with her mom, but Nandini and Bapusaheb convince her it's for the best. She goes to live with an old rich couple, Mr. Chaudhari (Ramesh Deo) and Mrs. Chaudhari (Jayshree Gadkar). Now, only Vijay is left without a family. Nandini and Bapusaheb struggle to find someone to take care of him.
As Nandini's health gets worse, she plans a special Diwali celebration at home. She writes a letter to Anju, asking her to always keep in touch with her brothers. On Diwali morning, Nandini dreams that all her children have come to see her, but it's just a dream. She prays for one more day to live so she can see her kids for the last time. In a heartbreaking moment, Vijay finds Nandini dead that night.
At Nandini's funeral, all her children and their new families are there. After the burial, the children and their families sadly part ways. Vijay is about to go to an orphanage when something unexpected happens - Ajay's adoptive parents return. Vijay runs to Ajay, and they embrace each other. Ajay's adoptive father, moved by their connection, agrees to take in Vijay as well. The movie ends with the two brothers happily together.
Music for this film is composed by Achyut Thakur Lyrics were written by Jagdish Khebudkar. | [
{
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},
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"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Shekhar tries to change his ways, but one day, during a fight with Patangrao, he gets killed. Nandini is devastated, but she decides to be strong for her family. She worries about what will happen to her kids after she's gone. She doesn't want them to end up in an orphanage like she and Shekhar did, labeled as orphans. So, she makes a tough decision - she will give her children up for adoption.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Nandini, with the help of the school principal, Bapusaheb (Bal Dhuri), arranges for her kids to be adopted. Sonu goes to a doctor's family, Dr. Karnik (Tushar Dalvi) & Mrs. Karnik (Resham Tipnis). Nandini hopes that Ajay and Vijay can stay together, but it's hard to find a family willing to take care of a disabled child like Vijay. Eventually, Nandini decides to give Ajay to a rich couple that is Mr. Pendse (Laxmikant Berde) and Mrs. Pendse (Priya Berde).",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Anju, the teenage daughter, decides to stay with her mom, but Nandini and Bapusaheb convince her it's for the best. She goes to live with an old rich couple, Mr. Chaudhari (Ramesh Deo) and Mrs. Chaudhari (Jayshree Gadkar). Now, only Vijay is left without a family. Nandini and Bapusaheb struggle to find someone to take care of him.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "As Nandini's health gets worse, she plans a special Diwali celebration at home. She writes a letter to Anju, asking her to always keep in touch with her brothers. On Diwali morning, Nandini dreams that all her children have come to see her, but it's just a dream. She prays for one more day to live so she can see her kids for the last time. In a heartbreaking moment, Vijay finds Nandini dead that night.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "At Nandini's funeral, all her children and their new families are there. After the burial, the children and their families sadly part ways. Vijay is about to go to an orphanage when something unexpected happens - Ajay's adoptive parents return. Vijay runs to Ajay, and they embrace each other. Ajay's adoptive father, moved by their connection, agrees to take in Vijay as well. The movie ends with the two brothers happily together.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Music for this film is composed by Achyut Thakur Lyrics were written by Jagdish Khebudkar.",
"title": "Soundtrack"
}
] | Chimani Pakhar is a 2003 Indian Marathi-language Family drama film directed by Mahesh Kothare and produced by Macchindra Chate featuring Padmini Kolhapure, Sachin Khedekar, Nagesh Bhonsle, Bal Dhuri, Meghana Chate, Nihar Shembekar, Avinash Chate in lead roles. Music is composed by Achyut Thakur. The film is an adaptation of 1993 Malayalam film Akashadoothu. | 2023-12-27T10:12:37Z | 2023-12-31T12:37:07Z | [
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75,655,326 | Yvette Grimaud | Yvette Jeanne Grimaud (29 January 1920 – 19 February 2012) was a French pianist, composer and ethnomusicologist.
Born in Algeria, she moved to Paris in the 1940s, where she was a student of Olivier Messiaen and gave the first performances of early works for piano by Pierre Boulez. She later gave up her career as a pianist to focus on ethnomusicology, specialising in the traditional music of Georgia. | [
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Born in Algeria, she moved to Paris in the 1940s, where she was a student of Olivier Messiaen and gave the first performances of early works for piano by Pierre Boulez. She later gave up her career as a pianist to focus on ethnomusicology, specialising in the traditional music of Georgia.",
"title": ""
}
] | Yvette Jeanne Grimaud was a French pianist, composer and ethnomusicologist. Born in Algeria, she moved to Paris in the 1940s, where she was a student of Olivier Messiaen and gave the first performances of early works for piano by Pierre Boulez. She later gave up her career as a pianist to focus on ethnomusicology, specialising in the traditional music of Georgia. | 2023-12-27T10:19:18Z | 2023-12-30T10:42:34Z | [
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75,655,347 | Chūō-ku, Hamamatsu | [] | 2023-12-27T10:23:31Z | 2023-12-27T23:39:03Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D-ku,_Hamamatsu |
||
75,655,352 | Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu | Hamana-ku (浜名区, Hamana-ku) will be one of three wards of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan, located in the middle part of the city. It will be bordered by Chūō-ku, Tenryū-ku, Iwata, Shizuoka, Kosai, Shizuoka, Shinshiro, Toyohashi. | [
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"text": "Hamana-ku (浜名区, Hamana-ku) will be one of three wards of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan, located in the middle part of the city. It will be bordered by Chūō-ku, Tenryū-ku, Iwata, Shizuoka, Kosai, Shizuoka, Shinshiro, Toyohashi.",
"title": ""
}
] | Hamana-ku will be one of three wards of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan, located in the middle part of the city. It will be bordered by Chūō-ku, Tenryū-ku, Iwata, Shizuoka, Kosai, Shizuoka, Shinshiro, Toyohashi. | 2023-12-27T10:24:34Z | 2023-12-27T23:55:08Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamana-ku,_Hamamatsu |
75,655,356 | Clássicos do Cinema - Turma da Mônica | Clássicos do Cinema - Turma da Mônica was the title of a series of comic books created by Mauricio de Sousa and published by Panini Comics between 2007 and 2020. The title became known because it is a series of stories involving the characters from Monica and Friends playing characters from popular films (like Jurassic Park, Star Wars, Batman Forever, The Terminator...) in parodies focused on comedy with a high use of pop references. Most of the issues had new stories, but some presented republications of old stories published in other comic books related to the issue's theme film. Starting in April 2007, the series was initially bi-monthly, but as of August 2014, it became quarterly.
The title initially began as a spiritual successor to Gibizão da Turma da Mônica, which was published quarterly between 1996 and 2001 by Editora Globo republishing some of the stories that were based on films. The stories published in Gibizão were satires of films, classic literary works and other themes. The title became popular enough that in 1997, the magazine won the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for "best launch" and the Troféu HQ Mix for "best editorial project". | [
{
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"text": "Clássicos do Cinema - Turma da Mônica was the title of a series of comic books created by Mauricio de Sousa and published by Panini Comics between 2007 and 2020. The title became known because it is a series of stories involving the characters from Monica and Friends playing characters from popular films (like Jurassic Park, Star Wars, Batman Forever, The Terminator...) in parodies focused on comedy with a high use of pop references. Most of the issues had new stories, but some presented republications of old stories published in other comic books related to the issue's theme film. Starting in April 2007, the series was initially bi-monthly, but as of August 2014, it became quarterly.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The title initially began as a spiritual successor to Gibizão da Turma da Mônica, which was published quarterly between 1996 and 2001 by Editora Globo republishing some of the stories that were based on films. The stories published in Gibizão were satires of films, classic literary works and other themes. The title became popular enough that in 1997, the magazine won the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for \"best launch\" and the Troféu HQ Mix for \"best editorial project\".",
"title": ""
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] | Clássicos do Cinema - Turma da Mônica was the title of a series of comic books created by Mauricio de Sousa and published by Panini Comics between 2007 and 2020. The title became known because it is a series of stories involving the characters from Monica and Friends playing characters from popular films in parodies focused on comedy with a high use of pop references. Most of the issues had new stories, but some presented republications of old stories published in other comic books related to the issue's theme film. Starting in April 2007, the series was initially bi-monthly, but as of August 2014, it became quarterly. The title initially began as a spiritual successor to Gibizão da Turma da Mônica, which was published quarterly between 1996 and 2001 by Editora Globo republishing some of the stories that were based on films. The stories published in Gibizão were satires of films, classic literary works and other themes. The title became popular enough that in 1997, the magazine won the Prêmio Angelo Agostini for "best launch" and the Troféu HQ Mix for "best editorial project". | 2023-12-27T10:25:31Z | 2023-12-27T11:14:17Z | [
"Template:Infobox comic book title",
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"Template:Citar web",
"Template:Monica's Gang"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1ssicos_do_Cinema_-_Turma_da_M%C3%B4nica |
75,655,369 | John Doyle (English footballer) | John Joseph Doyle is an English former footballer who played as a right-back for Oxford City, Oxford United and Torquay United. He was born in Oxford in 1960 and made 80 appearances (66 in the league) for Oxford United between 1977 and 1982. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John Joseph Doyle is an English former footballer who played as a right-back for Oxford City, Oxford United and Torquay United. He was born in Oxford in 1960 and made 80 appearances (66 in the league) for Oxford United between 1977 and 1982.",
"title": ""
}
] | John Joseph Doyle is an English former footballer who played as a right-back for Oxford City, Oxford United and Torquay United. He was born in Oxford in 1960 and made 80 appearances for Oxford United between 1977 and 1982. | 2023-12-27T10:27:18Z | 2023-12-28T11:33:15Z | [
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"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox football biography"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Doyle_(English_footballer) |
75,655,384 | Buckingham Nicks (album) | Buckingham Nicks is the only studio album by Buckingham Nicks. The album was released on September 5, 1973. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Buckingham Nicks is the only studio album by Buckingham Nicks. The album was released on September 5, 1973.",
"title": ""
}
] | Buckingham Nicks is the only studio album by Buckingham Nicks. The album was released on September 5, 1973. | 2023-12-27T10:30:48Z | 2023-12-27T10:33:40Z | [
"Template:Infobox album",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Nicks_(album) |
75,655,393 | Natalia Montilla | Natalia Montilla Martínez (born October 18, 1998) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Real Betis.
Montilla started playing football at the age of four. She is a native of Córdoba, Spain.
Montilla played futsal.
Montilla mainly operates as a midfielder and has been described as "stands out for her mental speed to make the right decision at every moment of the game. She tap, tap and more tap to kill on the last pass. Her undoubted quality allows her to assist her teammates with excellence, but she also runs and presses in defense like no other".
Montilla is the daughter of Spanish footballer Francisco Montilla. She has a brother. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Natalia Montilla Martínez (born October 18, 1998) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Real Betis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Montilla started playing football at the age of four. She is a native of Córdoba, Spain.",
"title": "Early life"
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{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Montilla played futsal.",
"title": "Career"
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{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Montilla mainly operates as a midfielder and has been described as \"stands out for her mental speed to make the right decision at every moment of the game. She tap, tap and more tap to kill on the last pass. Her undoubted quality allows her to assist her teammates with excellence, but she also runs and presses in defense like no other\".",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Montilla is the daughter of Spanish footballer Francisco Montilla. She has a brother.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Natalia Montilla Martínez is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Real Betis. | 2023-12-27T10:31:52Z | 2023-12-31T05:12:41Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalia_Montilla |
75,655,430 | Base −1 ± i | [] | REDIRECT Complex-base_system#Base_−1_±_i | 2023-12-27T10:40:03Z | 2023-12-27T11:11:40Z | [
"Template:Wikidata-redirect"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_%E2%88%921_%C2%B1_i |
|
75,655,435 | Verónica Linares | Verónica Linares Cotrina (born 13 June 1976) is an Peruvian journalist, television and radio presenter.
Linares was born in Lima, and raised in Arequipa. She studied Communication Sciences at the Women's University of the Sacred Heart, where she obtained the Bachelor's degree and then she earn Bachelor of Arts in the University of San Diego.
After graduating, She began as a reporter for 24 Horas and Good Morning Peru, on the television channel Panamericana Television. Likewise, in 2003 she began hosting the morning newscast of América Televisión Un Nuevo Día (along with Federico Salazar). In 2004, this program was renamed First edition.
From 2003 to 2012, she hosted the midday edition of América Noticias, and from 2003 to 2004 she also hosted the Saturday edition of América Noticias. In addition, from 2013 to 2021, together with Mario Ghibellini, he hosted Canal N N portada. In 2010, she created a YouTube channel called La Linares, where she interviews different showbiz characters and Peruvian politics. | [
{
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"text": "Verónica Linares Cotrina (born 13 June 1976) is an Peruvian journalist, television and radio presenter.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Linares was born in Lima, and raised in Arequipa. She studied Communication Sciences at the Women's University of the Sacred Heart, where she obtained the Bachelor's degree and then she earn Bachelor of Arts in the University of San Diego.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After graduating, She began as a reporter for 24 Horas and Good Morning Peru, on the television channel Panamericana Television. Likewise, in 2003 she began hosting the morning newscast of América Televisión Un Nuevo Día (along with Federico Salazar). In 2004, this program was renamed First edition.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "From 2003 to 2012, she hosted the midday edition of América Noticias, and from 2003 to 2004 she also hosted the Saturday edition of América Noticias. In addition, from 2013 to 2021, together with Mario Ghibellini, he hosted Canal N N portada. In 2010, she created a YouTube channel called La Linares, where she interviews different showbiz characters and Peruvian politics.",
"title": "Early life and education"
}
] | Verónica Linares Cotrina is an Peruvian journalist, television and radio presenter. | 2023-12-27T10:42:45Z | 2023-12-29T02:30:04Z | [
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"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica_Linares |
75,655,451 | Elena Julve | Elena Julve Pérez (born December 8, 2000) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a winger for Levante Las Planas.
Julve started playing football at the age of twelve.
Julve has been described as a "well-known face" in the Queens League.
Julve mainly operates as a winger and has been described as "can both play as a winger and behind the striker directing the game. Although when she lands on the side she usually reaches her maximum level, taking advantage of her 1.54 meters to avoid rivals and finish the play, leaving flashes of quality during the course of it. Unstoppable when it comes to carrying out a counterattack".
Julve is a native of Catalonia, Spain. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Elena Julve Pérez (born December 8, 2000) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a winger for Levante Las Planas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Julve started playing football at the age of twelve.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Julve has been described as a \"well-known face\" in the Queens League.",
"title": "Career"
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{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Julve mainly operates as a winger and has been described as \"can both play as a winger and behind the striker directing the game. Although when she lands on the side she usually reaches her maximum level, taking advantage of her 1.54 meters to avoid rivals and finish the play, leaving flashes of quality during the course of it. Unstoppable when it comes to carrying out a counterattack\".",
"title": "Style of play"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Julve is a native of Catalonia, Spain.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Elena Julve Pérez is a Spanish footballer who plays as a winger for Levante Las Planas. | 2023-12-27T10:47:27Z | 2023-12-31T05:12:12Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Julve |
75,655,508 | Akikaze massacre | The Akikaze massacre, was a war crime committed by the Imperial Japanese Navy on March 18, 1943, during the Pacific War.
The massacre took place on board the Minekaze-class destroyer Akikaze, in the waters of the Bismarck Archipelago, approximately 60 civilians were killed. Most of the victims were Catholic and Protestant clergy and missionaries, mostly of German nationality, who served in the northeastern New Guinea and the Admiralty Islands, their servants and dependents were also murdered, including three infants. Bishop Josef Lörks, Apostolic Vicar of Central New Guinea was amongst the massacred.
Before World War I, the northeastern part of New Guinea was part of the colonial possessions of the German Empire. Under the Treaty of Versailles, Australia assumed sovereignty over these areas; they constituted the mandate territory of Australian New Guinea. Nevertheless, many German missionaries remained on the island, who tried to convert the indigenous population to Christianity and at the same time spread hygiene and provide health care to the native people. Wewak was the seat of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Central New Guinea. During World War II, the German priest, Bishop Josef Lörks, served as the Apostolic Vicar there.
In January 1943, Wewak was occupied by Japanese troops. Shortly thereafter, the occupiers gathered all the Catholic missionaries and moved them to the area of the Saint John mission, which was located on the nearby island of Kairiru. Even though the German missionaries were citizens of allied Nazi Germany, the civil occupational administration established by the Imperial Navy (minsei-bu) considered them neutral citizens. They were allowed to move freely around the island.
Nine months earlier, the Japanese had established a small outpost at Lorengau on Manus Island. A group of Protestant missionaries and their helpers, numbering about 20 people, lived there. Like on Wewak, the Japanese initially considered the missionaries to be neutral and allowed them to move freely around the island. The local Japanese commandant, Petty Officer Harukichi Ichinose was very friendly to the missionaries, often inviting them for dinner and sake at his residence.
The reasons why the Japanese finally decided to murder the missionaries are not entirely clear. In 1943, the Japanese navy was suffering heavy losses in the waters around New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. Most notably in early March 1943, the Japanese suffered a serious defeat in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea. After the war, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa testified that there was a widespread belief among 8th Fleet officers that white missionaries and natives friendly to them were behind these defeats and were allegedly informing the Allies about the movements of Japanese units using hidden radios. According to historian Mark Felton, this narrative was prepared by Tokkeitai to justify atrocities. Heavy losses for the Japanese Navy were a consequence of the breaking of Japanese codes by American signals intelligence.
Some authors speculate that the massacre was caused by Japanese suspicions, most likely justified, that some missionaries and natives they were friendly with were helping Allied pilots who, after being shot down, were hiding in Wewak. Bruce Gamble points out that at least two of the Verbites serving in Wewak were US citizens, and the massacre occurred a few days after a Japanese patrol unsuccessfully searched Vokeo Island for hiding pilots. Yuki Tanaka theorized that initially the Japanese intended to use the missionaries' good relations with the local population and their knowledge of the area for their military purposes, but when they were refused, they were perceived as a threat.
In mid-March 1943, the Minekaze-class destroyer Akikaze arrived in Wewak, bringing supplies of food and medicine for the local garrison. It then departed for Kairiru Island. On March 17, before noon, Akikaze picked up 42 people at Kairiru, including Bishop Lörks. In addition to German clergy and nuns, this group included two monks - US citizens, at least one Papuan girl, several Chinese who worked as the missionaries' servants, and two Chinese infants (orphans or children of Wewak storekeeper Ning Hee), who were cared for by the nuns. These civilians were being evacuated due to the construction of a seaplane base on Kairiru.
Initially, the missionaries, their charges and servants were treated very well. The destroyer's commander, 2nd Lt. Cmdr. Tsurukichi Sabe gave them a separate cabin near the stern. Passengers were provided with sufficient water and food, and the ship's doctor provided assistance to those suffering from seasickness.
The same day, Akikaze went to Lorengau, where in the late afternoon a further 20 people embarked, including 6 missionaires from Liebenzell Evangelical Mission, three other nuns, three other priests, a European infant, a plantation owner named Carl Muster, plantation overseer Peter Mathies, two Chinese, and four Malays. As in the case of the group from Wewak, most of the passengers were of German nationality, although the group from Lorengau also included one Hungarian missionary. Commander Sabe initially intended to place them in the same cabin as the Wewak group, but at the request of Petty Officer Ichinose, who personally escorted the missionaries aboard, he agreed to provide them with a separate cabin near the bow.
On March 18, around 11:00, Akikaze anchored in the roadstead of the port of Kavieng in New Ireland. Shortly thereafter, a rowboat arrived with a messenger who brought an order intended exclusively for the destroyer's commander. Having read it, Sabe ordered the Akikaze to weigh anchor and set course for Rabaul. He then called all officers to a meeting and reported that the 8th Fleet command had ordered him to "dispose of" all civilians on board. Witnesses recalled that the commander was visibly shocked by the content of the order, describing it as "regrettable", but nevertheless he immediately began to execute it. The order did not explain why these unarmed civilians were to be executed. Passengers from the aft cabin were moved to the bow cabin, justified by the need to carry out alleged cleaning works. At the same time, the ship's carpenters built a makeshift scaffold at the stern, which was to be used as an execution site. To ensure that the victims would not be aware of the purpose of this structure until the very end, a white cloth was spread at the stern, thus creating a kind of curtain. Straw mats were placed around the scaffold to absorb blood and facilitate subsequent cleaning of the deck.
The execution was meticulously planned. The victims were called one by one to the bridge, where, through an interpreter, they were asked for their name, age and nationality, trying to create the impression that the purpose was merely to verify their identity. Two sailors then escorted the victim to the aft blindfolded. After reaching the scaffold, the victim was tied with ropes to both wrists and then pulled up, making them hang with their arms raised above their head in a pose resembling crucifixion. When the victim reached the appropriate height, a four-person firing squad commanded by Sub-Lieutenant Takeo Terada, opened fire with a light machine gun and rifles. When the execution began, the destroyer accelerated to a high speed of 24 knots, the screams and sounds of gunshots were drowned out by noise of the engine and winds. At the same time, the force of the winds and bullets pushed the hanging bodies over the sea, which made their subsequent removal easier and prevented blood from dripping onto the deck. When the victim was dead, the body was untied and thrown overboard.
The execution of approximately 60 victims took nearly three hours. Men were murdered first, followed by women. Three babies were snatched from the nuns by Japanese sailors and thrown overboard. After the execution, the deck was washed and the wooden structure was dismantled. Then, Japanese officers performed a short Shinto ceremony in honor of the civilians they murdered. During the ceremony, Commander Sabe ordered his subordinates to take an oath to keep the execution absolutely secret.
On the same day, around 10 p.m., Akikaze entered the port of Rabaul. Sub-lieutenant Yajirō Kai, who was assigned to the Akikaze crew at Wewak as a translator, testified after the war that he and Commander Sabe went to the 8th Fleet headquarters, where they were received by Lieutenant Shigetoku Kami. The two filed an execution report, Kami then ordered them to keep the events secret. He also ordered Sabe to secretly get rid of all the items that remained after the executions.
The massacre of the missionaries was followed by an attempt to eradicate Christianity from the occupied New Guinea. Shortly after the clergy were deported from Wewak, Japanese soldiers thoroughly destroyed nearly 90% of the plantations they ran, along with the churches and health centers located there. They also murdered many Papuan converts to Christianity, along with non-Christian Papuans.
Sabe died on August 2, 1943, when Akikaze was attacked and damaged by American planes, sub-lieutenant Takeo Terada also died during the war. On 3 November 1944, the submarine USS Pintado fired a spread of torpedoes at the aircraft carrier Jun'yō, but Akikaze intercepted them, sacrificing herself to save the carrier. Akikaze was sunk, taking her entire crew of 205 men with her.
Bishop Josef Lörks is beatified as a martyr of the Catholic church along with Bishop Franziskus Wolf, Apostolic Vicar of Eastern New Guinea who died in Japanese captivity.
Akikaze is considered as one of the Japanese "hell ships".
After the war, Australian investigators tried to determine the fate of several dozen civilians of European origin who fell into the hands of the Japanese after the fall of New Ireland. Analyzing the movements of Japanese ships and warships that traveled between Kavieng and Rabaul during the war, they interrogated several sailors from the crew of the Akikaze. During interrogations in December 1946, they admitted that in March 1943 a group of Europeans had been murdered on board the destroyer. Between January and April 1947, the Australians found and interrogated more sailors from Akikaze. Their testimonies allowed for a relatively accurate reconstruction of the course of the war crime.
Lieutenant Shigetoku Kami of the 8th Fleet was the only staff officer whose name appeared in the testimony of Japanese witnesses. However, Australian investigators suspected that the order to murder over 60 civilians could not have been given by such a low-ranking officer. Therefore, the commander of the 8th Fleet at the time, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa, was interrogated. Mikawa and his chief of staff Vice Admiral Shinzō Ōnishi both vehemently denied any responsibility for the massacre. They initially claimed that Akikaze had never been part of the 8th Fleet, however, that would have made it impossible for Kami to issue the orders even if he did so without permission. They later claimed it was Lieutenant Kami - perhaps in collaboration with another staff officer who was in charge of civilian affairs - Commander Norisaka Andō - who independently ordered the execution of the missionaries and informed about it only after the fact. The motive supposedly because of suspicions that the missionaries were informing the Allies about the movements of Japanese ships. Mikawa claimed that he was shocked when he learned of the massacre from Kami, but was unable to investigate further as he was ordered back to Tokyo for a new assignment.
Due to navy procedures in force during the war, it was unlikely that communication officers of the 8th Fleet would agree to encrypt and deliver Kami's order to the commander of Akikaze, if it did not bear the countersignatures of Mikawa and Ōnishi. Kami, Andō, the head of communications of the 8th Fleet Cmdr. Torao Mori and staff cipher officer Sub-Lieutenant Maeda Minoru could not confirm nor deny the admirals' version of events, because they had all died during the war. In the opinion of Captain Albert Klestadt, an Australian member of the investigation, even if the admirals' claims were true, they had to accept command responsibility for being unable to prevent war crimes committed by subordinates
Ultimately, the Australians did not bring any charges in the Akikaze massacre. This was probably due to the fact that the main suspects died during the war and there were no Australians among the victims. In addition, most of the civilians killed were German, and since Germany was allied with Japan they were technically not "victims of war crimes" as defined in the Australian War Crimes Act of 1945. Due to the fact that the murdered included US citizens, the Australians handed over the investigation to the American authorities in July 1947. However, the Americans did not take any further action. Neither Admiral Mikawa nor Admiral Ōnishi were prosecuted for the Akikaze massacre, they both lived to be over 90, dying in the 1980s. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Akikaze massacre, was a war crime committed by the Imperial Japanese Navy on March 18, 1943, during the Pacific War.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The massacre took place on board the Minekaze-class destroyer Akikaze, in the waters of the Bismarck Archipelago, approximately 60 civilians were killed. Most of the victims were Catholic and Protestant clergy and missionaries, mostly of German nationality, who served in the northeastern New Guinea and the Admiralty Islands, their servants and dependents were also murdered, including three infants. Bishop Josef Lörks, Apostolic Vicar of Central New Guinea was amongst the massacred.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Before World War I, the northeastern part of New Guinea was part of the colonial possessions of the German Empire. Under the Treaty of Versailles, Australia assumed sovereignty over these areas; they constituted the mandate territory of Australian New Guinea. Nevertheless, many German missionaries remained on the island, who tried to convert the indigenous population to Christianity and at the same time spread hygiene and provide health care to the native people. Wewak was the seat of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Central New Guinea. During World War II, the German priest, Bishop Josef Lörks, served as the Apostolic Vicar there.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In January 1943, Wewak was occupied by Japanese troops. Shortly thereafter, the occupiers gathered all the Catholic missionaries and moved them to the area of the Saint John mission, which was located on the nearby island of Kairiru. Even though the German missionaries were citizens of allied Nazi Germany, the civil occupational administration established by the Imperial Navy (minsei-bu) considered them neutral citizens. They were allowed to move freely around the island.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Nine months earlier, the Japanese had established a small outpost at Lorengau on Manus Island. A group of Protestant missionaries and their helpers, numbering about 20 people, lived there. Like on Wewak, the Japanese initially considered the missionaries to be neutral and allowed them to move freely around the island. The local Japanese commandant, Petty Officer Harukichi Ichinose was very friendly to the missionaries, often inviting them for dinner and sake at his residence.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The reasons why the Japanese finally decided to murder the missionaries are not entirely clear. In 1943, the Japanese navy was suffering heavy losses in the waters around New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. Most notably in early March 1943, the Japanese suffered a serious defeat in the Battle of the Bismarck Sea. After the war, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa testified that there was a widespread belief among 8th Fleet officers that white missionaries and natives friendly to them were behind these defeats and were allegedly informing the Allies about the movements of Japanese units using hidden radios. According to historian Mark Felton, this narrative was prepared by Tokkeitai to justify atrocities. Heavy losses for the Japanese Navy were a consequence of the breaking of Japanese codes by American signals intelligence.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Some authors speculate that the massacre was caused by Japanese suspicions, most likely justified, that some missionaries and natives they were friendly with were helping Allied pilots who, after being shot down, were hiding in Wewak. Bruce Gamble points out that at least two of the Verbites serving in Wewak were US citizens, and the massacre occurred a few days after a Japanese patrol unsuccessfully searched Vokeo Island for hiding pilots. Yuki Tanaka theorized that initially the Japanese intended to use the missionaries' good relations with the local population and their knowledge of the area for their military purposes, but when they were refused, they were perceived as a threat.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In mid-March 1943, the Minekaze-class destroyer Akikaze arrived in Wewak, bringing supplies of food and medicine for the local garrison. It then departed for Kairiru Island. On March 17, before noon, Akikaze picked up 42 people at Kairiru, including Bishop Lörks. In addition to German clergy and nuns, this group included two monks - US citizens, at least one Papuan girl, several Chinese who worked as the missionaries' servants, and two Chinese infants (orphans or children of Wewak storekeeper Ning Hee), who were cared for by the nuns. These civilians were being evacuated due to the construction of a seaplane base on Kairiru.",
"title": "Massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Initially, the missionaries, their charges and servants were treated very well. The destroyer's commander, 2nd Lt. Cmdr. Tsurukichi Sabe gave them a separate cabin near the stern. Passengers were provided with sufficient water and food, and the ship's doctor provided assistance to those suffering from seasickness.",
"title": "Massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The same day, Akikaze went to Lorengau, where in the late afternoon a further 20 people embarked, including 6 missionaires from Liebenzell Evangelical Mission, three other nuns, three other priests, a European infant, a plantation owner named Carl Muster, plantation overseer Peter Mathies, two Chinese, and four Malays. As in the case of the group from Wewak, most of the passengers were of German nationality, although the group from Lorengau also included one Hungarian missionary. Commander Sabe initially intended to place them in the same cabin as the Wewak group, but at the request of Petty Officer Ichinose, who personally escorted the missionaries aboard, he agreed to provide them with a separate cabin near the bow.",
"title": "Massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "On March 18, around 11:00, Akikaze anchored in the roadstead of the port of Kavieng in New Ireland. Shortly thereafter, a rowboat arrived with a messenger who brought an order intended exclusively for the destroyer's commander. Having read it, Sabe ordered the Akikaze to weigh anchor and set course for Rabaul. He then called all officers to a meeting and reported that the 8th Fleet command had ordered him to \"dispose of\" all civilians on board. Witnesses recalled that the commander was visibly shocked by the content of the order, describing it as \"regrettable\", but nevertheless he immediately began to execute it. The order did not explain why these unarmed civilians were to be executed. Passengers from the aft cabin were moved to the bow cabin, justified by the need to carry out alleged cleaning works. At the same time, the ship's carpenters built a makeshift scaffold at the stern, which was to be used as an execution site. To ensure that the victims would not be aware of the purpose of this structure until the very end, a white cloth was spread at the stern, thus creating a kind of curtain. Straw mats were placed around the scaffold to absorb blood and facilitate subsequent cleaning of the deck.",
"title": "Massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The execution was meticulously planned. The victims were called one by one to the bridge, where, through an interpreter, they were asked for their name, age and nationality, trying to create the impression that the purpose was merely to verify their identity. Two sailors then escorted the victim to the aft blindfolded. After reaching the scaffold, the victim was tied with ropes to both wrists and then pulled up, making them hang with their arms raised above their head in a pose resembling crucifixion. When the victim reached the appropriate height, a four-person firing squad commanded by Sub-Lieutenant Takeo Terada, opened fire with a light machine gun and rifles. When the execution began, the destroyer accelerated to a high speed of 24 knots, the screams and sounds of gunshots were drowned out by noise of the engine and winds. At the same time, the force of the winds and bullets pushed the hanging bodies over the sea, which made their subsequent removal easier and prevented blood from dripping onto the deck. When the victim was dead, the body was untied and thrown overboard.",
"title": "Massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The execution of approximately 60 victims took nearly three hours. Men were murdered first, followed by women. Three babies were snatched from the nuns by Japanese sailors and thrown overboard. After the execution, the deck was washed and the wooden structure was dismantled. Then, Japanese officers performed a short Shinto ceremony in honor of the civilians they murdered. During the ceremony, Commander Sabe ordered his subordinates to take an oath to keep the execution absolutely secret.",
"title": "Massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On the same day, around 10 p.m., Akikaze entered the port of Rabaul. Sub-lieutenant Yajirō Kai, who was assigned to the Akikaze crew at Wewak as a translator, testified after the war that he and Commander Sabe went to the 8th Fleet headquarters, where they were received by Lieutenant Shigetoku Kami. The two filed an execution report, Kami then ordered them to keep the events secret. He also ordered Sabe to secretly get rid of all the items that remained after the executions.",
"title": "Massacre"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The massacre of the missionaries was followed by an attempt to eradicate Christianity from the occupied New Guinea. Shortly after the clergy were deported from Wewak, Japanese soldiers thoroughly destroyed nearly 90% of the plantations they ran, along with the churches and health centers located there. They also murdered many Papuan converts to Christianity, along with non-Christian Papuans.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Sabe died on August 2, 1943, when Akikaze was attacked and damaged by American planes, sub-lieutenant Takeo Terada also died during the war. On 3 November 1944, the submarine USS Pintado fired a spread of torpedoes at the aircraft carrier Jun'yō, but Akikaze intercepted them, sacrificing herself to save the carrier. Akikaze was sunk, taking her entire crew of 205 men with her.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Bishop Josef Lörks is beatified as a martyr of the Catholic church along with Bishop Franziskus Wolf, Apostolic Vicar of Eastern New Guinea who died in Japanese captivity.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Akikaze is considered as one of the Japanese \"hell ships\".",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "After the war, Australian investigators tried to determine the fate of several dozen civilians of European origin who fell into the hands of the Japanese after the fall of New Ireland. Analyzing the movements of Japanese ships and warships that traveled between Kavieng and Rabaul during the war, they interrogated several sailors from the crew of the Akikaze. During interrogations in December 1946, they admitted that in March 1943 a group of Europeans had been murdered on board the destroyer. Between January and April 1947, the Australians found and interrogated more sailors from Akikaze. Their testimonies allowed for a relatively accurate reconstruction of the course of the war crime.",
"title": "Post-war investigation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Lieutenant Shigetoku Kami of the 8th Fleet was the only staff officer whose name appeared in the testimony of Japanese witnesses. However, Australian investigators suspected that the order to murder over 60 civilians could not have been given by such a low-ranking officer. Therefore, the commander of the 8th Fleet at the time, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa, was interrogated. Mikawa and his chief of staff Vice Admiral Shinzō Ōnishi both vehemently denied any responsibility for the massacre. They initially claimed that Akikaze had never been part of the 8th Fleet, however, that would have made it impossible for Kami to issue the orders even if he did so without permission. They later claimed it was Lieutenant Kami - perhaps in collaboration with another staff officer who was in charge of civilian affairs - Commander Norisaka Andō - who independently ordered the execution of the missionaries and informed about it only after the fact. The motive supposedly because of suspicions that the missionaries were informing the Allies about the movements of Japanese ships. Mikawa claimed that he was shocked when he learned of the massacre from Kami, but was unable to investigate further as he was ordered back to Tokyo for a new assignment.",
"title": "Post-war investigation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Due to navy procedures in force during the war, it was unlikely that communication officers of the 8th Fleet would agree to encrypt and deliver Kami's order to the commander of Akikaze, if it did not bear the countersignatures of Mikawa and Ōnishi. Kami, Andō, the head of communications of the 8th Fleet Cmdr. Torao Mori and staff cipher officer Sub-Lieutenant Maeda Minoru could not confirm nor deny the admirals' version of events, because they had all died during the war. In the opinion of Captain Albert Klestadt, an Australian member of the investigation, even if the admirals' claims were true, they had to accept command responsibility for being unable to prevent war crimes committed by subordinates",
"title": "Post-war investigation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Ultimately, the Australians did not bring any charges in the Akikaze massacre. This was probably due to the fact that the main suspects died during the war and there were no Australians among the victims. In addition, most of the civilians killed were German, and since Germany was allied with Japan they were technically not \"victims of war crimes\" as defined in the Australian War Crimes Act of 1945. Due to the fact that the murdered included US citizens, the Australians handed over the investigation to the American authorities in July 1947. However, the Americans did not take any further action. Neither Admiral Mikawa nor Admiral Ōnishi were prosecuted for the Akikaze massacre, they both lived to be over 90, dying in the 1980s.",
"title": "Post-war investigation"
}
] | The Akikaze massacre, was a war crime committed by the Imperial Japanese Navy on March 18, 1943, during the Pacific War. The massacre took place on board the Minekaze-class destroyer Akikaze, in the waters of the Bismarck Archipelago, approximately 60 civilians were killed. Most of the victims were Catholic and Protestant clergy and missionaries, mostly of German nationality, who served in the northeastern New Guinea and the Admiralty Islands, their servants and dependents were also murdered, including three infants. Bishop Josef Lörks, Apostolic Vicar of Central New Guinea was amongst the massacred. | 2023-12-27T10:56:19Z | 2024-01-01T00:17:31Z | [
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"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox civilian attack",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akikaze_massacre |
75,655,509 | Kuber (tobacco) | Kuber is a smokeless tobacco product, known for its highly addictive properties and its unique presentation disguised as a mouth freshener. It originated in India and has gained attention for its widespread use and impact on public health in various countries, including Uganda.
The product is typically sold in small sachets, with contents resembling tea leaves. This deceptive packaging has contributed to its accessibility and misuse. Kuber is known for its high nicotine content, making it more potent and addictive than traditional cigarettes. Users commonly add it to tea or consume it directly by placing a pinch under the lower lip.
Kuber's high nicotine content raises significant health concerns, including:
Withdrawal from kuber can result in cravings and changes in mood and appetite.
The legal status of kuber varies by region. In some countries, its sale and distribution, especially under the guise of a mouth freshener, have led to legal scrutiny and regulatory measures. For instance, in Uganda, the government has taken steps to ban the use of kuber due to its impact on public health, particularly among youth. The governments of Malawi and Tanzania also banned the manufacture, import, sale, and consumption of kuber. Despite efforts to ban kuber in Kenya, it remains popular, particularly in Nairobi and Mombasa counties.
The widespread use of kuber, especially among young people in high schools and colleges, has raised societal concerns. Its addictive nature and the ease of access have led to a rise in nicotine addiction among adolescents, with implications for long-term public health and social dynamics. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kuber is a smokeless tobacco product, known for its highly addictive properties and its unique presentation disguised as a mouth freshener. It originated in India and has gained attention for its widespread use and impact on public health in various countries, including Uganda.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The product is typically sold in small sachets, with contents resembling tea leaves. This deceptive packaging has contributed to its accessibility and misuse. Kuber is known for its high nicotine content, making it more potent and addictive than traditional cigarettes. Users commonly add it to tea or consume it directly by placing a pinch under the lower lip.",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Kuber's high nicotine content raises significant health concerns, including:",
"title": "Effects on health"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Withdrawal from kuber can result in cravings and changes in mood and appetite.",
"title": "Effects on health"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The legal status of kuber varies by region. In some countries, its sale and distribution, especially under the guise of a mouth freshener, have led to legal scrutiny and regulatory measures. For instance, in Uganda, the government has taken steps to ban the use of kuber due to its impact on public health, particularly among youth. The governments of Malawi and Tanzania also banned the manufacture, import, sale, and consumption of kuber. Despite efforts to ban kuber in Kenya, it remains popular, particularly in Nairobi and Mombasa counties.",
"title": "Legal status and regulation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The widespread use of kuber, especially among young people in high schools and colleges, has raised societal concerns. Its addictive nature and the ease of access have led to a rise in nicotine addiction among adolescents, with implications for long-term public health and social dynamics.",
"title": "Societal impact"
}
] | Kuber is a smokeless tobacco product, known for its highly addictive properties and its unique presentation disguised as a mouth freshener. It originated in India and has gained attention for its widespread use and impact on public health in various countries, including Uganda. | 2023-12-27T10:56:23Z | 2023-12-28T22:58:19Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
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"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuber_(tobacco) |
75,655,517 | Heaven Comes Down | Heaven Comes Down is the twelfth studio album by the American heavy metal band Dokken. It was released on 27 October 2023.
The title of the album comes of their song "When Heaven Comes Down" of their 1985 album Under Lock and Key.
"Fugitive" was released as the first single of the album on August 8, 2023. The second single "Gypsy" was released on September 19, and the final single "Over The Mountain" was released on October 25.
All tracks are written by Don Dokken and Jon Levin, except where indicated | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Heaven Comes Down is the twelfth studio album by the American heavy metal band Dokken. It was released on 27 October 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The title of the album comes of their song \"When Heaven Comes Down\" of their 1985 album Under Lock and Key.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "\"Fugitive\" was released as the first single of the album on August 8, 2023. The second single \"Gypsy\" was released on September 19, and the final single \"Over The Mountain\" was released on October 25.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "All tracks are written by Don Dokken and Jon Levin, except where indicated",
"title": "Track listing"
}
] | Heaven Comes Down is the twelfth studio album by the American heavy metal band Dokken. It was released on 27 October 2023. The title of the album comes of their song "When Heaven Comes Down" of their 1985 album Under Lock and Key. "Fugitive" was released as the first single of the album on August 8, 2023. The second single "Gypsy" was released on September 19, and the final single "Over The Mountain" was released on October 25. | 2023-12-27T10:57:35Z | 2023-12-30T17:59:27Z | [
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"Template:More citations needed",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven_Comes_Down |
75,655,546 | Tore Curstedt | Tore Curstedt (born 1946 in Piteå) is a Swedish physician. Curstedt is primarily known for the development of the synthetic lung surfactant known as Corusurf along with Bengt Robertson. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tore Curstedt (born 1946 in Piteå) is a Swedish physician. Curstedt is primarily known for the development of the synthetic lung surfactant known as Corusurf along with Bengt Robertson.",
"title": ""
}
] | Tore Curstedt is a Swedish physician. Curstedt is primarily known for the development of the synthetic lung surfactant known as Corusurf along with Bengt Robertson. | 2023-12-27T11:03:07Z | 2023-12-27T23:16:05Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tore_Curstedt |
75,655,553 | Curiel (brand) | Curiel is an Italian fashion brand. It was founded in 1908 in Trieste, an Italian seaport city by Ortensial Curiel.
In 1945, Gigliola Curiel, made several customized costumes for the premieres of Teatro alla Scala in Milan.
In 1964, the Curiellino little black dress was introduced, and Gigliola also presented her first collection in New York at Bergdorf Goodman, and Harrods of London in 1965.
In 1965, Raffaela Curiel draws the first collection and in 1970 opens her atelier in Corso Matteotti.
In 1994, her daughter Gigliola Castellini Curiel, started working with Raffaella in the atelier.
In 1995 and 1997, Raffaela Curiel received the Ambrogino d’Oro and the Cavalry of the Great Cross of the Italian Republic respectively.
In 1998, Gigliola Castellini Curiel started her own collection line, Gigliola CURIEL.
In 2016, RedStone Haute Couture and storied Italian fashion and couture house Curiel Srl have signed a joint venture. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Curiel is an Italian fashion brand. It was founded in 1908 in Trieste, an Italian seaport city by Ortensial Curiel.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 1945, Gigliola Curiel, made several customized costumes for the premieres of Teatro alla Scala in Milan.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1964, the Curiellino little black dress was introduced, and Gigliola also presented her first collection in New York at Bergdorf Goodman, and Harrods of London in 1965.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1965, Raffaela Curiel draws the first collection and in 1970 opens her atelier in Corso Matteotti.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1994, her daughter Gigliola Castellini Curiel, started working with Raffaella in the atelier.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1995 and 1997, Raffaela Curiel received the Ambrogino d’Oro and the Cavalry of the Great Cross of the Italian Republic respectively.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1998, Gigliola Castellini Curiel started her own collection line, Gigliola CURIEL.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 2016, RedStone Haute Couture and storied Italian fashion and couture house Curiel Srl have signed a joint venture.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Curiel is an Italian fashion brand. It was founded in 1908 in Trieste, an Italian seaport city by Ortensial Curiel. | 2023-12-27T11:05:53Z | 2023-12-30T15:55:06Z | [
"Template:Fashion-company-stub",
"Template:Infobox company",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiel_(brand) |
75,655,576 | Gallium arsenide antimonide | Gallium arsenide antimonide, also known as gallium antimonide arsenide or GaAsSb (GaAs1-xSbx), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. x indicates the fractions of arsenic and antimony in the alloy according to the aforementioned formula; it can take on a value between 0 and 1. GaAsSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy.
The bandgap and lattice constant of GaAsSb alloys are between those of pure GaAs (a = 0.565 nm, Eg = 1.42 eV) and GaSb (a = 0.610 nm, Eg = 0.73 eV). Over all compositions, the band gap is direct, like in GaAs and GaSb. Furthermore, the bandgap displays a minimum in composition at approximately x = 0.8 at T = 300 K, reaching a minimum value of Eg = 0.67 eV, which is slightly below that of pure GaSb.
GaAsSb films have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide and indium phosphide substrates. It is often incorporated into layered heterostructures with other III-V compounds.
GaAsSb (i.e., the GaAs-GaSb system) has a miscibility gap at temperatures below 751°C. This means that intermediate compositions of the alloy below this temperature are thermodynamically unstable and can spontaneously separate into two phases: one GaAs-rich and one GaSb-rich. This limits the compositions of GaAsSb that can be obtained by near-equilibrium growth techniques, such as LPE. However, compositions of GaAsSb within the miscibility gap can be obtained with non-equilibrium growth techniques, such as MBE and MOVPE. By carefully selecting the growth conditions (e.g., the ratios of precursor gases in MOVPE) and maintaining relatively low temperatures during and after growth, it is possible to obtain compositions of GaAsSb within the miscibility gap that are kinetically stable. For example, this makes it possible to grow GaAsSb with the composition GaAs0.51Sb0.49, which, while normally within the miscibility gap at typical growth temperatures, can exist as a kinetically stable alloy. This composition of GaAsSb is latticed matched to InP and is sometimes used in heterostructures grown on that substrate.
GaAsSb has been extensively studied for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. It has also been lattice-matched with InGaAs on InP to create and study a two-dimensional electron gas.
A GaAsSb-GaAs-based heterostructure was used to make a near-infrared photodiode with peak responsivity centered at 1.3 µm.
GaAsSb can be incorporated into III-V-based multi-junction solar cells to reduce the tunneling distance and increase the tunneling current between adjacent cells. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gallium arsenide antimonide, also known as gallium antimonide arsenide or GaAsSb (GaAs1-xSbx), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. x indicates the fractions of arsenic and antimony in the alloy according to the aforementioned formula; it can take on a value between 0 and 1. GaAsSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The bandgap and lattice constant of GaAsSb alloys are between those of pure GaAs (a = 0.565 nm, Eg = 1.42 eV) and GaSb (a = 0.610 nm, Eg = 0.73 eV). Over all compositions, the band gap is direct, like in GaAs and GaSb. Furthermore, the bandgap displays a minimum in composition at approximately x = 0.8 at T = 300 K, reaching a minimum value of Eg = 0.67 eV, which is slightly below that of pure GaSb.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "GaAsSb films have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide and indium phosphide substrates. It is often incorporated into layered heterostructures with other III-V compounds.",
"title": "Preparation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "GaAsSb (i.e., the GaAs-GaSb system) has a miscibility gap at temperatures below 751°C. This means that intermediate compositions of the alloy below this temperature are thermodynamically unstable and can spontaneously separate into two phases: one GaAs-rich and one GaSb-rich. This limits the compositions of GaAsSb that can be obtained by near-equilibrium growth techniques, such as LPE. However, compositions of GaAsSb within the miscibility gap can be obtained with non-equilibrium growth techniques, such as MBE and MOVPE. By carefully selecting the growth conditions (e.g., the ratios of precursor gases in MOVPE) and maintaining relatively low temperatures during and after growth, it is possible to obtain compositions of GaAsSb within the miscibility gap that are kinetically stable. For example, this makes it possible to grow GaAsSb with the composition GaAs0.51Sb0.49, which, while normally within the miscibility gap at typical growth temperatures, can exist as a kinetically stable alloy. This composition of GaAsSb is latticed matched to InP and is sometimes used in heterostructures grown on that substrate.",
"title": "Preparation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "GaAsSb has been extensively studied for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. It has also been lattice-matched with InGaAs on InP to create and study a two-dimensional electron gas.",
"title": "Applications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "A GaAsSb-GaAs-based heterostructure was used to make a near-infrared photodiode with peak responsivity centered at 1.3 µm.",
"title": "Applications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "GaAsSb can be incorporated into III-V-based multi-junction solar cells to reduce the tunneling distance and increase the tunneling current between adjacent cells.",
"title": "Applications"
}
] | Gallium arsenide antimonide, also known as gallium antimonide arsenide or GaAsSb (GaAs1-xSbx), is a ternary III-V semiconductor compound. x indicates the fractions of arsenic and antimony in the alloy according to the aforementioned formula; it can take on a value between 0 and 1. GaAsSb refers generally to any composition of the alloy. The bandgap and lattice constant of GaAsSb alloys are between those of pure GaAs and GaSb. Over all compositions, the band gap is direct, like in GaAs and GaSb. Furthermore, the bandgap displays a minimum in composition at approximately x = 0.8 at T = 300 K, reaching a minimum value of Eg = 0.67 eV, which is slightly below that of pure GaSb. | 2023-12-27T11:09:13Z | 2023-12-28T00:59:15Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide_antimonide |
75,655,607 | The Catechesis of the Good Shepherd | The Catechesis of the Good Shepherd is a Montessori method for Christian education in the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.. The method was developed by Sofia Cavaletti and Gianna Gobbi.
The curriculum is taught in a classroom, called an atrium, which is specially prepared. Children are separated into four age groups: Level T (infant & toddler), Level I (ages 3-6), Level II (ages 6-9), Level III (9-12); each age group meets in a separate atrium, and is taught through a scope and sequence tailored to their age group. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Catechesis of the Good Shepherd is a Montessori method for Christian education in the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.. The method was developed by Sofia Cavaletti and Gianna Gobbi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The curriculum is taught in a classroom, called an atrium, which is specially prepared. Children are separated into four age groups: Level T (infant & toddler), Level I (ages 3-6), Level II (ages 6-9), Level III (9-12); each age group meets in a separate atrium, and is taught through a scope and sequence tailored to their age group.",
"title": "Method"
}
] | The Catechesis of the Good Shepherd is a Montessori method for Christian education in the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.. The method was developed by Sofia Cavaletti and Gianna Gobbi. | 2023-12-27T11:13:36Z | 2023-12-28T00:15:15Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catechesis_of_the_Good_Shepherd |
75,655,611 | Corno di Ban | Corno di Ban is a mountain of Piedmont, Italy, with an elevation of 3,028 metres (9,934 ft). It is located in the Lepontine Alps, in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, a few kilometers from the border with Switzerland.
It is the highest peak of the Ban massif, a group of peaks higher than 2,800 meters (also including Monte Immel, Punta Morasco, Punta del Ghiacciaio di Ban, Gemelli di Ban, Punta Lebendum, Punta dei Camosci, Pizzo del Costone, Pizzo del Vallone, Punta della Sabbia) located between Lake Morasco and Lake Sabbione, in the upper Val Formazza. Corno di Ban is the only three-thousander in the massif. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Corno di Ban is a mountain of Piedmont, Italy, with an elevation of 3,028 metres (9,934 ft). It is located in the Lepontine Alps, in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, a few kilometers from the border with Switzerland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It is the highest peak of the Ban massif, a group of peaks higher than 2,800 meters (also including Monte Immel, Punta Morasco, Punta del Ghiacciaio di Ban, Gemelli di Ban, Punta Lebendum, Punta dei Camosci, Pizzo del Costone, Pizzo del Vallone, Punta della Sabbia) located between Lake Morasco and Lake Sabbione, in the upper Val Formazza. Corno di Ban is the only three-thousander in the massif.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Corno di Ban is a mountain of Piedmont, Italy, with an elevation of 3,028 metres (9,934 ft). It is located in the Lepontine Alps, in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, a few kilometers from the border with Switzerland. It is the highest peak of the Ban massif, a group of peaks higher than 2,800 meters located between Lake Morasco and Lake Sabbione, in the upper Val Formazza. Corno di Ban is the only three-thousander in the massif. | 2023-12-27T11:13:53Z | 2023-12-29T23:43:54Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corno_di_Ban |
75,655,616 | List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024) | This is a list of presidential trips made by Joe Biden during 2024, the fourth year of his presidency as the 46th president of the United States.
This list excludes trips made within Washington, D.C., the U.S. federal capital in which the White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the president, is located. Also excluded are trips to Camp David, the country residence of the president. International trips are included.
Template:Pres. Biden USA Travels (2024) | [
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"text": "This is a list of presidential trips made by Joe Biden during 2024, the fourth year of his presidency as the 46th president of the United States.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "This list excludes trips made within Washington, D.C., the U.S. federal capital in which the White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the president, is located. Also excluded are trips to Camp David, the country residence of the president. International trips are included.",
"title": ""
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{
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"text": "Template:Pres. Biden USA Travels (2024)",
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] | This is a list of presidential trips made by Joe Biden during 2024, the fourth year of his presidency as the 46th president of the United States. This list excludes trips made within Washington, D.C., the U.S. federal capital in which the White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the president, is located. Also excluded are trips to Camp David, the country residence of the president. International trips are included. Template:Pres. Biden USA Travels (2024) | 2023-12-27T11:14:22Z | 2023-12-27T11:52:44Z | [
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75,655,630 | 2024 Men's World Floorball Championships | The 2024 Men's World Floorball Championships will be the 15th edition of this competition. It will be held from 7 to 15 December 2024 in Malmö, Sweden. Sweden are the two-time defending champions.
These two nations applied.
Sweden was given the hosting rights on 23 February 2021.
The qualifiers were held in January, February and May 2024.
Both venues are situated in Malmö. | [
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"text": "Both venues are situated in Malmö.",
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] | The 2024 Men's World Floorball Championships will be the 15th edition of this competition. It will be held from 7 to 15 December 2024 in Malmö, Sweden. Sweden are the two-time defending champions. | 2023-12-27T11:19:30Z | 2023-12-29T04:26:01Z | [
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75,655,642 | Yefim Dinitz | Yefim Dinitz (Russian: Ефим Абрамович Диниц, Hebrew: יפים דיניץ) is a Soviet and Israeli computer scientist associated with the Moscow school of polynomial-time algorithms. He invented Dinic's algorithm for computing maximal flow, and he was one of the inventors of the Four Russians' algorithm for multiplying Boolean or mod 2 matrices.
Dinitz studied for a master's degree in Georgy Adelson-Velsky's group at Moscow State University. In 1969, Adelson-Velsky started a seminar on algorithms, which his students and others close to him would later describe as "the centre of scientific activity in polynomial-time algorithmics in Moscow". It was an exercise in "Adel'son-Vel'sky's Algorithms class", according to Dinitz, that led to the development of Dinic's algorithm in 1969. Looking back, Dinitz and his classmates would write that the design of the algorithm reflected the atmosphere of Adelson-Velsky's group. In Dinitz's words:
We, Adel'son-Vel'sky's students, absorbed the whole paradigm of the Soviet computing school from his lectures. This paradigm consisted of eagerness to develop economical algorithms based on the deep investigation of a problem and on the use of smart data structure maintenance and amortized running time analysis as necessary components. … Hence, it was not surprising that my network flow algorithm, invented in January 1969, improved the Ford&Fulkerson algorithm by using and maintaining a layered network data structure and employing a delicate amortized analysis of the running time.
Dinitz published the algorithm in 1970.
In early 1969, Dinitz was also working on the assignment problem with his classmate Mikhail Kronrod, contributing to the body of work in which "the search for faster assignment algorithms began in earnest". The algorithm Dinitz and Kronrod published later that year could solve the assignment problem for n-vertex graphs in O(n) steps.
During their time in Adelson-Velsky's algorithms seminar, Dinitz and Kronrod crossed paths with Vladimir Arlazarov and Igor Faradjev—two young mathematicians working in the Mathematical Laboratory at ITEP. The lab was directed, until a political incident in 1968–1969, by Adelson-Velsky's academic sibling and longtime collaborator Aleksandr Kronrod. In 1970, Dinitz, Mikhail Kronrod, Arlazarov, and Faradjev published the Boolean matrix multiplication algorithm that would make them famous as the "Four Russians".
Adelson-Velsky had also signed the 1968 letter that led to Aleksandr Kronrod's 1969 dismissal from ITEP. In 1970, the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics graduated Adelson-Velsky's whole student group, and Adelson-Velsky was banned from teaching at Moscow State University. However, Dinitz kept working on flow algorithms. He wrote a Moscow State University Ph.D. thesis on commodity flow problems, which he submitted in 1972. He developed the idea of capacity scaling independently of Edmonds and Karp, who had just introduced it in the West, and he used it to invent one of the first polynomial-time algorithms for the minimum-cost flow problem.
Dinitz also stayed in touch with his classmate Aleksandr Karzanov, publishing a paper on the minimum-cost flow problem with him in 1974. In 1975, Dinitz and Karzanov joined Adelson-Velsky in publishing a book on network flow algorithms, which "describe[d] many major results … that were independently discovered later (and in some cases much later) in the West".
In 1974, Shimon Even and his graduate student Alon Itai at the Technion got curious about Dinitz's maximal flow algorithm, as well as a network flow algorithm that Karzanov had published around the same time. Dinitz's description of the algorithm was very compressed, due to journal page limits, but Even and Itai managed to decipher most of it, thanks in part to Karzanov's explicit explanation of a concept that was implicit in Dinitz's paper. After filling the last gap with a new technique of their own, Even and Itai had a working version of Dinitz's algorithm, which Even publicized in talks at many Western universities.
Dinitz's name was transliterated as "E. A. Dinic" in the English translation of his paper, so Even and Itai's version of his algorithm became known as Dinic's algorithm in the West, and his name was "rendered incorrectly as [dinik] instead of [dinits]" in that context.
In the 1990s, Even finally got a chance to learn the original version of Dinitz's algorithm from Dinitz himself. In 1992, Dinitz published a paper on the butterfly network with Even and two other Technion computer scientists, listing his affiliation as Ben-Gurion University. Dinitz would reportedly later recall that Even fought successfully for him to be hired as an associate professor at the Technion. He listed his affiliation as the Technion on a paper published in 1994, and he advised a Technion Ph.D. student in 1997. Dinitz joined the computer science department at Ben-Gurion University in 1998, and the department held a retirement celebration for him in 2019.
Due to his publications with Shlomo Moran and Shmuel Zaks in the late 1990s and the 2000s, Dinitz has an Erdős number of two. | [
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"title": ""
},
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"title": "Education and early work in the Adelson-Velsky group"
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"text": "We, Adel'son-Vel'sky's students, absorbed the whole paradigm of the Soviet computing school from his lectures. This paradigm consisted of eagerness to develop economical algorithms based on the deep investigation of a problem and on the use of smart data structure maintenance and amortized running time analysis as necessary components. … Hence, it was not surprising that my network flow algorithm, invented in January 1969, improved the Ford&Fulkerson algorithm by using and maintaining a layered network data structure and employing a delicate amortized analysis of the running time.",
"title": "Education and early work in the Adelson-Velsky group"
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"title": "Education and early work in the Adelson-Velsky group"
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"title": "Education and early work in the Adelson-Velsky group"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "During their time in Adelson-Velsky's algorithms seminar, Dinitz and Kronrod crossed paths with Vladimir Arlazarov and Igor Faradjev—two young mathematicians working in the Mathematical Laboratory at ITEP. The lab was directed, until a political incident in 1968–1969, by Adelson-Velsky's academic sibling and longtime collaborator Aleksandr Kronrod. In 1970, Dinitz, Mikhail Kronrod, Arlazarov, and Faradjev published the Boolean matrix multiplication algorithm that would make them famous as the \"Four Russians\".",
"title": "Education and early work in the Adelson-Velsky group"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Adelson-Velsky had also signed the 1968 letter that led to Aleksandr Kronrod's 1969 dismissal from ITEP. In 1970, the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics graduated Adelson-Velsky's whole student group, and Adelson-Velsky was banned from teaching at Moscow State University. However, Dinitz kept working on flow algorithms. He wrote a Moscow State University Ph.D. thesis on commodity flow problems, which he submitted in 1972. He developed the idea of capacity scaling independently of Edmonds and Karp, who had just introduced it in the West, and he used it to invent one of the first polynomial-time algorithms for the minimum-cost flow problem.",
"title": "Work in Moscow after the Adelson-Velsky group"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Dinitz also stayed in touch with his classmate Aleksandr Karzanov, publishing a paper on the minimum-cost flow problem with him in 1974. In 1975, Dinitz and Karzanov joined Adelson-Velsky in publishing a book on network flow algorithms, which \"describe[d] many major results … that were independently discovered later (and in some cases much later) in the West\".",
"title": "Work in Moscow after the Adelson-Velsky group"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 1974, Shimon Even and his graduate student Alon Itai at the Technion got curious about Dinitz's maximal flow algorithm, as well as a network flow algorithm that Karzanov had published around the same time. Dinitz's description of the algorithm was very compressed, due to journal page limits, but Even and Itai managed to decipher most of it, thanks in part to Karzanov's explicit explanation of a concept that was implicit in Dinitz's paper. After filling the last gap with a new technique of their own, Even and Itai had a working version of Dinitz's algorithm, which Even publicized in talks at many Western universities.",
"title": "Publicity in the West"
},
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"title": "Publicity in the West"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In the 1990s, Even finally got a chance to learn the original version of Dinitz's algorithm from Dinitz himself. In 1992, Dinitz published a paper on the butterfly network with Even and two other Technion computer scientists, listing his affiliation as Ben-Gurion University. Dinitz would reportedly later recall that Even fought successfully for him to be hired as an associate professor at the Technion. He listed his affiliation as the Technion on a paper published in 1994, and he advised a Technion Ph.D. student in 1997. Dinitz joined the computer science department at Ben-Gurion University in 1998, and the department held a retirement celebration for him in 2019.",
"title": "Later work at the Technion and Ben-Gurion University"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Due to his publications with Shlomo Moran and Shmuel Zaks in the late 1990s and the 2000s, Dinitz has an Erdős number of two.",
"title": "Later work at the Technion and Ben-Gurion University"
}
] | Yefim Dinitz is a Soviet and Israeli computer scientist associated with the Moscow school of polynomial-time algorithms. He invented Dinic's algorithm for computing maximal flow, and he was one of the inventors of the Four Russians' algorithm for multiplying Boolean or mod 2 matrices. | 2023-12-27T11:23:12Z | 2023-12-29T23:07:03Z | [
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75,655,643 | 2024 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors season | The 2024 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors season is their 31st season in existence, and the 30th consecutive season in the K League 1. In addition to the league, the club will compete in the 2024 Korean FA Cup and in the 2024–25 AFC Champions League 2.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Squad number 12 is reserved for the team's supporters, the Mad Green Boys.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Transfer In
Loan Return
Loan In
Promoted
Transfer Out
Loan Out
Transfer In
Transfer Out
Loan Out
Last updated: 3 December 2023. Source: Soccerway
As usual, the league season will be played with 38 matches split in two stages. After 33 league matches between the 12 participating teams, the teams are split into the Final Round (Top 6 teams, which aims to won an AFC Champions spot) and Relegation Round (Bottom 6 teams, that aims to survive relegation).
The AFC plans to start the new Champions League season on September. Jeonbuk will start the competition at the group stage, having granted the spot through a 2nd-place finish at the 2022 K League 1 and the 2022 Korean FA Cup title. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors season is their 31st season in existence, and the 30th consecutive season in the K League 1. In addition to the league, the club will compete in the 2024 Korean FA Cup and in the 2024–25 AFC Champions League 2.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"title": "Players"
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"title": "Transfers"
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"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Promoted",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Transfer Out",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Loan Out",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Transfer In",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Transfer Out",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Loan Out",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Last updated: 3 December 2023. Source: Soccerway",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "As usual, the league season will be played with 38 matches split in two stages. After 33 league matches between the 12 participating teams, the teams are split into the Final Round (Top 6 teams, which aims to won an AFC Champions spot) and Relegation Round (Bottom 6 teams, that aims to survive relegation).",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "The AFC plans to start the new Champions League season on September. Jeonbuk will start the competition at the group stage, having granted the spot through a 2nd-place finish at the 2022 K League 1 and the 2022 Korean FA Cup title.",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] | The 2024 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors season is their 31st season in existence, and the 30th consecutive season in the K League 1. In addition to the league, the club will compete in the 2024 Korean FA Cup and in the 2024–25 AFC Champions League 2. | 2023-12-27T11:23:14Z | 2023-12-31T15:48:56Z | [
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75,655,652 | Patricia Ferreira (director) | Patricia Ferreira (1958–2023) was a Spanish film and television director and screenwriter.
Patricia Ferreira was born in 1958 in Madrid. She earned a licentiate degree on Image Sciences and Journalism from the Complutense University of Madrid. She joined TVE and RNE as a film journalist, and then she became involved with television production and writing at the Spanish public broadcaster. Her feature film directorial debut I Know Who You Are (2000) earned her a nomination to the Goya Award for Best New Director. It was followed by fiction features such as The Impatient Alchemist (2012) and The Wild Ones (2012), as well as documentaries and television series. She died in Madrid on 27 December 2023, age 65. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Patricia Ferreira (1958–2023) was a Spanish film and television director and screenwriter.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Patricia Ferreira was born in 1958 in Madrid. She earned a licentiate degree on Image Sciences and Journalism from the Complutense University of Madrid. She joined TVE and RNE as a film journalist, and then she became involved with television production and writing at the Spanish public broadcaster. Her feature film directorial debut I Know Who You Are (2000) earned her a nomination to the Goya Award for Best New Director. It was followed by fiction features such as The Impatient Alchemist (2012) and The Wild Ones (2012), as well as documentaries and television series. She died in Madrid on 27 December 2023, age 65.",
"title": ""
}
] | Patricia Ferreira (1958–2023) was a Spanish film and television director and screenwriter. Patricia Ferreira was born in 1958 in Madrid. She earned a licentiate degree on Image Sciences and Journalism from the Complutense University of Madrid. She joined TVE and RNE as a film journalist, and then she became involved with television production and writing at the Spanish public broadcaster. Her feature film directorial debut I Know Who You Are (2000) earned her a nomination to the Goya Award for Best New Director. It was followed by fiction features such as The Impatient Alchemist (2012) and The Wild Ones (2012), as well as documentaries and television series. She died in Madrid on 27 December 2023, age 65. | 2023-12-27T11:25:17Z | 2023-12-27T21:00:22Z | [
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75,655,664 | 2024 Nordic Golf League | The 2024 Nordic Golf League will be the 26th season of the Nordic Golf League, a third-tier tour recognised by the European Tour.
The following table lists official events during the 2024 season. | [
{
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"text": "The 2024 Nordic Golf League will be the 26th season of the Nordic Golf League, a third-tier tour recognised by the European Tour.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The following table lists official events during the 2024 season.",
"title": "Schedule"
}
] | The 2024 Nordic Golf League will be the 26th season of the Nordic Golf League, a third-tier tour recognised by the European Tour. | 2023-12-27T11:27:23Z | 2023-12-31T23:38:51Z | [
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75,655,667 | Sandra Pouchet Paquet | Sandra Pouchet Paquet is a Trinidad-born scholar and academic. A pioneer in US-based Caribbean studies, she became a professor of English at the University of Miami in 1992. She has been particularly noted for her work on writer George Lamming. In 2023, she was honoured with the Bocas Henry Swanzy Award for Distinguished Service to Caribbean Letters.
Sandra Pouchet was born in Trinidad, and undertook studies for her undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in the United States. From 1974 to 1977, she taught at the University of the West Indies, Mona, and she then held Assistant Professorships at the University of Hartford (1977–1985) and the University of Pennsylvania (1985–1992), before joining the University of Miami.
In 1982, she published the first book-length study of the fiction of George Lamming, The Novels of George Lamming, regarded as "a seminal work", and she is also the author Caribbean Autobiography: Cultural Identity and Self-Representation (2002). She was the founder in 2003 of Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal and served as its editor until 2009. She has also been guest editor of the journals Callaloo and West Indian Literature.
She was the recipient of the 2023 Bocas Henry Swanzy Award for Distinguished Service to Caribbean Letters, "in recognition of her pioneering contributions to academia, literature and cultural studies", presented to her in April 2023 at the first fully in-person festival since 2019. | [
{
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"title": ""
},
{
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"title": "Biography"
},
{
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"text": "In 1982, she published the first book-length study of the fiction of George Lamming, The Novels of George Lamming, regarded as \"a seminal work\", and she is also the author Caribbean Autobiography: Cultural Identity and Self-Representation (2002). She was the founder in 2003 of Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal and served as its editor until 2009. She has also been guest editor of the journals Callaloo and West Indian Literature.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "She was the recipient of the 2023 Bocas Henry Swanzy Award for Distinguished Service to Caribbean Letters, \"in recognition of her pioneering contributions to academia, literature and cultural studies\", presented to her in April 2023 at the first fully in-person festival since 2019.",
"title": "Awards"
}
] | Sandra Pouchet Paquet is a Trinidad-born scholar and academic. A pioneer in US-based Caribbean studies, she became a professor of English at the University of Miami in 1992. She has been particularly noted for her work on writer George Lamming. In 2023, she was honoured with the Bocas Henry Swanzy Award for Distinguished Service to Caribbean Letters. | 2023-12-27T11:27:49Z | 2023-12-31T17:39:04Z | [
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75,655,668 | Camille Camille | Imbi-Camille Tamm (born February 24, 1970), known professionally as Camille Camille is an Estonian violinist.
During 1993-1998 she was the violinist in the band Vennaskond.
In 1999 she represented (with Evelin Samuel) Estonia in Eurovision Song Contest. | [
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"text": "Imbi-Camille Tamm (born February 24, 1970), known professionally as Camille Camille is an Estonian violinist.",
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] | Imbi-Camille Tamm, known professionally as Camille Camille is an Estonian violinist. During 1993-1998 she was the violinist in the band Vennaskond. In 1999 she represented Estonia in Eurovision Song Contest. | 2023-12-27T11:28:00Z | 2023-12-27T11:41:33Z | [
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75,655,678 | Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election | The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is one of the two major political parties in India and has been the ruling party since the 16th Lok Sabha. It is seeking re-election in the 2024 parliamentary election as the leading party of the National Democratic Alliance, with Narendra Modi as its Prime Ministerial candidate.
The campaign follows the successful campaign in 2014 and 2019, where the BJP won a majority of the seats in the Lok Sabha.
The national executive meeting of BJP held on 16 and 17 January 2023 saw the party reaffirm its faith in Prime Minister Narendra Modi and extend the tenure of BJP national president J. P. Nadda.
The party will fight 2024 elections under the leadership of Narendra Modi.
The National Democratic Alliance abbreviated as NDA (IAST: Rāṣhṭrīya Jānātāntrik Gaṭhabandhan) is a big-tent, mostly centre-right to right-wing political alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party. | [
{
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The National Democratic Alliance abbreviated as NDA (IAST: Rāṣhṭrīya Jānātāntrik Gaṭhabandhan) is a big-tent, mostly centre-right to right-wing political alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party.",
"title": "Alliance"
}
] | The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is one of the two major political parties in India and has been the ruling party since the 16th Lok Sabha. It is seeking re-election in the 2024 parliamentary election as the leading party of the National Democratic Alliance, with Narendra Modi as its Prime Ministerial candidate. | 2023-12-27T11:30:59Z | 2023-12-28T11:30:02Z | [
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75,655,679 | Esquarre (heraldry) | Esquarre (Fr., alternately escarre, esquierre; as Anglo-Norman alternately esquarie, esquire, esquierre, esquerre) is a name for both a heraldic ordinary and a set of related mobile charges. As an ordinary, the Esquarre is defined as a charge that borders a quarter (Fr. franc quartier, or a singular quarter as charge) on its two interior edges abutting the field. The Esquarre isolates the quarter from the rest of the field. De Galway suggested that the Esquarre is employed when both quarter and field are the same tincture. The shape of the ordinary is likened to a carpenter's square, a tool formed of two arms joined perpendicularly. When the two arms are of unequal length, the term potence (Fr.) is also used, a term likening the form of this variant to a joined post and crossbeam, or gallows/scaffold.
The source of the term, a builders square, informs its use when referring to a mobile charge. The term is an archaic form of the modern French équerre—the ‘square’ as implement used to measure or set right angles. These are the tools employed by masons and carpenters, woodworkers, architects and engineers, surveyors, students, etc. They take the form of either (voided) triangles or two arms joined perpendicularly. As a mobile charge, esquarre refers frequently to the figurative representations of these tools, as well as abstract versions (see #Gallery). Another term favored by some authors for the Esquarre is the gama grec (Fr.), from the Greek letter gamma. This gives rise to another heraldic use: gama grec is applied to figurative representations of these implements, and in turn escarre is used to denote representations of the Greek letter gamma.
Many contemporary flags approximate the classical or strict definition of the Ordinary, using a 'fillet esquarre' to border cantons and quarters, separating them from other charges as well as the field.
See also the Flag of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands (above)
esquarre Fillet (heraldry) Esquire (heraldry) Gyron Gusset (heraldry) Ordinary (heraldry) Charge (heraldry) Fimbriation Liste de pièces héraldiques | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Esquarre (Fr., alternately escarre, esquierre; as Anglo-Norman alternately esquarie, esquire, esquierre, esquerre) is a name for both a heraldic ordinary and a set of related mobile charges. As an ordinary, the Esquarre is defined as a charge that borders a quarter (Fr. franc quartier, or a singular quarter as charge) on its two interior edges abutting the field. The Esquarre isolates the quarter from the rest of the field. De Galway suggested that the Esquarre is employed when both quarter and field are the same tincture. The shape of the ordinary is likened to a carpenter's square, a tool formed of two arms joined perpendicularly. When the two arms are of unequal length, the term potence (Fr.) is also used, a term likening the form of this variant to a joined post and crossbeam, or gallows/scaffold.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The source of the term, a builders square, informs its use when referring to a mobile charge. The term is an archaic form of the modern French équerre—the ‘square’ as implement used to measure or set right angles. These are the tools employed by masons and carpenters, woodworkers, architects and engineers, surveyors, students, etc. They take the form of either (voided) triangles or two arms joined perpendicularly. As a mobile charge, esquarre refers frequently to the figurative representations of these tools, as well as abstract versions (see #Gallery). Another term favored by some authors for the Esquarre is the gama grec (Fr.), from the Greek letter gamma. This gives rise to another heraldic use: gama grec is applied to figurative representations of these implements, and in turn escarre is used to denote representations of the Greek letter gamma.",
"title": "Esquarre as mobile charge"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Many contemporary flags approximate the classical or strict definition of the Ordinary, using a 'fillet esquarre' to border cantons and quarters, separating them from other charges as well as the field.",
"title": "Gallery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "See also the Flag of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands (above)",
"title": "Gallery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "esquarre Fillet (heraldry) Esquire (heraldry) Gyron Gusset (heraldry) Ordinary (heraldry) Charge (heraldry) Fimbriation Liste de pièces héraldiques",
"title": "See also"
}
] | Esquarre is a name for both a heraldic ordinary and a set of related mobile charges. As an ordinary, the Esquarre is defined as a charge that borders a quarter on its two interior edges abutting the field. The Esquarre isolates the quarter from the rest of the field. De Galway suggested that the Esquarre is employed when both quarter and field are the same tincture. The shape of the ordinary is likened to a carpenter's square, a tool formed of two arms joined perpendicularly. When the two arms are of unequal length, the term potence (Fr.) is also used, a term likening the form of this variant to a joined post and crossbeam, or gallows/scaffold. | 2023-12-27T11:31:10Z | 2023-12-31T06:45:29Z | [
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75,655,685 | Anand Vihar Terminal–Ayodhya Cantonment Vande Bharat Express | The Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Jn Vande Bharat Express is India's upcoming Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the capital city of New Delhi's Anand Vihar Terminal with Ayodhya, the birthplace of the deity Rama of Kosala in Uttar Pradesh.
This express train is slated to be inaugurated on 30 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Ayodhya Dham Junction.
This train will be operated by Indian Railways, connecting Anand Vihar Terminal and Ayodhya Jn. It will be operated on 6 days a week basis.
It will be the upcoming 2nd Generation Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train which will be designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India Initiative.
The Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Vande Bharat Express will have 7 AC Chair Car and 1 Executive Chair Car coaches. The coaches in Aqua color indicate AC Chair Cars and the coaches in Pink color indicate AC Executive Chair Cars.
The Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Vande Bharat Express will operate 6 days a week, covering a distance of 636 km (395 mi) in a travel time of 0hrs 0mins with average speed of 0 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) will be confirmed after commercial run.
The schedule of this Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Vande Bharat Express will be confirmed after commercial run:- | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Jn Vande Bharat Express is India's upcoming Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the capital city of New Delhi's Anand Vihar Terminal with Ayodhya, the birthplace of the deity Rama of Kosala in Uttar Pradesh.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This express train is slated to be inaugurated on 30 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Ayodhya Dham Junction.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This train will be operated by Indian Railways, connecting Anand Vihar Terminal and Ayodhya Jn. It will be operated on 6 days a week basis.",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "It will be the upcoming 2nd Generation Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train which will be designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India Initiative.",
"title": "Rakes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Vande Bharat Express will have 7 AC Chair Car and 1 Executive Chair Car coaches. The coaches in Aqua color indicate AC Chair Cars and the coaches in Pink color indicate AC Executive Chair Cars.",
"title": "Coach composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Vande Bharat Express will operate 6 days a week, covering a distance of 636 km (395 mi) in a travel time of 0hrs 0mins with average speed of 0 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) will be confirmed after commercial run.",
"title": "Service"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The schedule of this Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Vande Bharat Express will be confirmed after commercial run:-",
"title": "Schedule"
}
] | The Anand Vihar Terminal - Ayodhya Jn Vande Bharat Express is India's upcoming Vande Bharat Express train, connecting the capital city of New Delhi's Anand Vihar Terminal with Ayodhya, the birthplace of the deity Rama of Kosala in Uttar Pradesh. This express train is slated to be inaugurated on 30 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Ayodhya Dham Junction. | 2023-12-27T11:33:03Z | 2023-12-30T12:07:26Z | [
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75,655,688 | Val Formazza | The Val Formazza (Pomattertal in Walser German) is a valley in the Lepontine Alps, in the Piedmontese Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Italy. Bordering Switzerland, it represents the northernmost part of Val d'Ossola and Piedmont.
The river Toce flows through the valley, forming the Toce waterfall. Seven hydroelectric reservoirs were built in the valley in the 20th century: lakes Morasco, Sabbione, Toggia, Vannino, Castel, Busin, and Sruer.
The valley is surrounded by several three-thousanders, the highest of which is the Blinnenhorn, followed by the Siedel Rothorn, Basòdino, Ofenhorn, Punta del Sabbione, Kastelhorn, Punta dei Camosci, Corno di Ban and Monte Giove. Ten mountain huts are located on its mountains.
Two municipalities are located in the valley, Premia and Formazza, the latter of which is home to a Walser community.
Much of the valley (22,233 hectares) is covered by a Special Protection Area as part of the Natura 2000 network. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Val Formazza (Pomattertal in Walser German) is a valley in the Lepontine Alps, in the Piedmontese Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Italy. Bordering Switzerland, it represents the northernmost part of Val d'Ossola and Piedmont.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The river Toce flows through the valley, forming the Toce waterfall. Seven hydroelectric reservoirs were built in the valley in the 20th century: lakes Morasco, Sabbione, Toggia, Vannino, Castel, Busin, and Sruer.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The valley is surrounded by several three-thousanders, the highest of which is the Blinnenhorn, followed by the Siedel Rothorn, Basòdino, Ofenhorn, Punta del Sabbione, Kastelhorn, Punta dei Camosci, Corno di Ban and Monte Giove. Ten mountain huts are located on its mountains.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Two municipalities are located in the valley, Premia and Formazza, the latter of which is home to a Walser community.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Much of the valley (22,233 hectares) is covered by a Special Protection Area as part of the Natura 2000 network.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Val Formazza is a valley in the Lepontine Alps, in the Piedmontese Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Italy. Bordering Switzerland, it represents the northernmost part of Val d'Ossola and Piedmont. The river Toce flows through the valley, forming the Toce waterfall. Seven hydroelectric reservoirs were built in the valley in the 20th century: lakes Morasco, Sabbione, Toggia, Vannino, Castel, Busin, and Sruer. The valley is surrounded by several three-thousanders, the highest of which is the Blinnenhorn, followed by the Siedel Rothorn, Basòdino, Ofenhorn, Punta del Sabbione, Kastelhorn, Punta dei Camosci, Corno di Ban and Monte Giove. Ten mountain huts are located on its mountains. Two municipalities are located in the valley, Premia and Formazza, the latter of which is home to a Walser community. Much of the valley is covered by a Special Protection Area as part of the Natura 2000 network. | 2023-12-27T11:33:33Z | 2023-12-29T23:43:53Z | [
"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Formazza |
75,655,737 | List of Commodore 16 games | This is a list of all 546 commercial video games released for the Commodore 16 computer
This is a list of all 398 games released on commercial compilations only, excluding clones and hacks. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a list of all 546 commercial video games released for the Commodore 16 computer",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This is a list of all 398 games released on commercial compilations only, excluding clones and hacks.",
"title": "Compilations"
}
] | This is a list of all 546 commercial video games released for the Commodore 16 computer | 2023-12-27T11:36:17Z | 2023-12-28T11:55:43Z | [
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Commodore_16_games |
75,655,842 | Was Jefferson Davis Right? | Was Jefferson Davis Right? is a 1998 book by James Ronald Kennedy and Walter Donald Kennedy, published by Pelican Publishing Company. The authors wrote the work to defend Jefferson Davis.
The authors had been a part of the Sons of Confederate Veterans and co-established the League of the South.
The initial part of the book is a biography on the subject. Afterwards, the authors defend Davis, arguing that people who accused Davis of contributing to the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln and of treasonous activity were trying to overturn the United States Constitution and compared their motivations to those of John Brown, Hezbollah, and the Unabomber.
Brian Dirck of Anderson University described the work as "a ham-handed neo-Confederate polemic." He added that the "warmed-over racial paternalism" makes the work "offensive", and that the work is similar to one written by Davis himself.
Lynda L. Crist of Rice University wrote that the position of the authors was obvious to the point where one can guess their attitudes "Without reading a word" of the book. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Was Jefferson Davis Right? is a 1998 book by James Ronald Kennedy and Walter Donald Kennedy, published by Pelican Publishing Company. The authors wrote the work to defend Jefferson Davis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The authors had been a part of the Sons of Confederate Veterans and co-established the League of the South.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The initial part of the book is a biography on the subject. Afterwards, the authors defend Davis, arguing that people who accused Davis of contributing to the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln and of treasonous activity were trying to overturn the United States Constitution and compared their motivations to those of John Brown, Hezbollah, and the Unabomber.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Brian Dirck of Anderson University described the work as \"a ham-handed neo-Confederate polemic.\" He added that the \"warmed-over racial paternalism\" makes the work \"offensive\", and that the work is similar to one written by Davis himself.",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Lynda L. Crist of Rice University wrote that the position of the authors was obvious to the point where one can guess their attitudes \"Without reading a word\" of the book.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Was Jefferson Davis Right? is a 1998 book by James Ronald Kennedy and Walter Donald Kennedy, published by Pelican Publishing Company. The authors wrote the work to defend Jefferson Davis. The authors had been a part of the Sons of Confederate Veterans and co-established the League of the South. The initial part of the book is a biography on the subject. Afterwards, the authors defend Davis, arguing that people who accused Davis of contributing to the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln and of treasonous activity were trying to overturn the United States Constitution and compared their motivations to those of John Brown, Hezbollah, and the Unabomber. | 2023-12-27T11:39:10Z | 2023-12-28T04:04:26Z | [
"Template:Italictitle",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was_Jefferson_Davis_Right%3F |
75,656,168 | 2026 Men's World Floorball Championships | The 2026 Men's World Floorball Championships will be the 16th edition of this competition. It will held from 4 to 13 December 2026 in Tampere, Finland.
Finland was given the hosting rights on 24 May 2023.
The three arenas are situated in Tampere. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2026 Men's World Floorball Championships will be the 16th edition of this competition. It will held from 4 to 13 December 2026 in Tampere, Finland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Finland was given the hosting rights on 24 May 2023.",
"title": "Host selection"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The three arenas are situated in Tampere.",
"title": "Venues"
}
] | The 2026 Men's World Floorball Championships will be the 16th edition of this competition. It will held from 4 to 13 December 2026 in Tampere, Finland. | 2023-12-27T11:57:20Z | 2023-12-31T12:28:29Z | [
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75,656,205 | Schwendi bei Heiden railway station | Schwendi bei Heiden railway station (German: Bahnhof Schwendi bei Heiden) is a railway station in Heiden, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Schwendi bei Heiden: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Schwendi bei Heiden railway station (German: Bahnhof Schwendi bei Heiden) is a railway station in Heiden, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Schwendi bei Heiden:",
"title": "Services"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Schwendi bei Heiden railway station is a railway station in Heiden, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways. | 2023-12-27T12:02:04Z | 2023-12-28T09:31:10Z | [
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75,656,220 | Borja Lema | Borja Lema Benito (born 29 January 1970) is a football manager who coach in Hapoel Tel Aviv.
Lema started to coach football club in the low league in Spain, when he was 25. In 2017 managed I-Shou University from Taiwan and then signed to the Atlético Madrid Juvenil's staff.
In 2021 appointment as Hapoel Be'er Sheva's youth manager. On 31 January 2022 signed to the assistant of Carlos García in Beitar Tel Aviv Bat Yam. In the next season used as assistant in Hapoel Kfar Saba.
In summer 2023 signed as assistant in the Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Tel Aviv. After 4 months became the head coach after Michael Valkanis left to AFC Ajax. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Borja Lema Benito (born 29 January 1970) is a football manager who coach in Hapoel Tel Aviv.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lema started to coach football club in the low league in Spain, when he was 25. In 2017 managed I-Shou University from Taiwan and then signed to the Atlético Madrid Juvenil's staff.",
"title": "Manager Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2021 appointment as Hapoel Be'er Sheva's youth manager. On 31 January 2022 signed to the assistant of Carlos García in Beitar Tel Aviv Bat Yam. In the next season used as assistant in Hapoel Kfar Saba.",
"title": "Manager Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In summer 2023 signed as assistant in the Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Tel Aviv. After 4 months became the head coach after Michael Valkanis left to AFC Ajax.",
"title": "Manager Career"
}
] | Borja Lema Benito is a football manager who coach in Hapoel Tel Aviv. | 2023-12-27T12:05:21Z | 2023-12-28T03:40:29Z | [
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75,656,270 | Wienacht-Tobel railway station | Wienacht-Tobel railway station (German: Bahnhof Wienacht-Tobel) is a railway station in Lutzenberg, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Wienacht-Tobel: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Wienacht-Tobel railway station (German: Bahnhof Wienacht-Tobel) is a railway station in Lutzenberg, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Wienacht-Tobel:",
"title": "Services"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Wienacht-Tobel railway station is a railway station in Lutzenberg, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways. | 2023-12-27T12:12:27Z | 2023-12-28T09:30:52Z | [
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75,656,273 | Letter to Lee Eung-tae | In 1998, a 16th-century letter from a grieving pregnant widow to her deceased husband Lee Eung-tae (Korean: 이응태; Hanja: 李應台; 1555–1586) was discovered in Lee's tomb in Jeongsang-dong [ko], Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.
The letter was written in 1586, during the Joseon period (1392–1897). It has since drawn significant domestic and international attention for what has been described as "its heartbreaking declarations of love and sorrow". It and other materials from the tomb are also considered to be valuable historical pieces for understanding the language and customs of this era.
Lee lived from 1555 to 1586. He was a local nobleman of the Goseong Lee clan, and was the second son of father Lee Yo-shin. He died at the age of 31 (possibly from an epidemic, based on letters from Lee's father), and was survived by an infant son and a pregnant wife. Not much is known about Lee's wife, the author of the letter, although the name of one of the two children is given as "Won" on the letter (it is unclear which child the name belonged to), so she is now often called "Won's mother" (원이 어머니).
In April 1998, an urban renewal project was being conducted on the south bank of the Nakdong River in Andong. In preparation for this, an archaeological team from Andong National University was sent to excavate and move several earthen mound tombs on the top of a slope, in accordance with the wishes of some living descendents. On April 24, the team excavated Lee's grave.
Initially, the only known information about the occupant of the grave (whose body had been mummified and was then still in good condition, although it was reburied elsewhere on the same day, in accordance with the family's wishes), was Lee's name. Records from the Goseong Lee clan and documents from within a pouch in the grave were cross-referenced to piece together information about who Lee was. Notably, the documents had been written by a number of different people, with one of them being Lee's wife. The texts were often written affectionately towards Lee, which gave the archaeologists the impression that he was beloved in the family.
The tomb also contained around forty to fifty articles of clothing. The clothing included a mix of clothing from Lee, the infant child, and Won's mother. Examples of clothing included jeogori, baji, danryeong, jikryeong, aekjureum (액주름), and women's clothing such as jang-ot and dongja (동자). Leaving clothes of the family inside a tomb was a common practice during this part of the Joseon period.
Won's mother also wrote two other texts in addition to her letter. One was written on hanji (Korean paper) wrapped around a lock of hair. It reads "Please bury this beside... do not discard this..." Another was written on paper wrapped around a pair of mituri [ko] (woven shoes) that were woven using a mix of hemp and hair. It reads "Using my hair, made these shoes... died before they could be worn". Handwriting analysis matched the writing on these papers to that on her letter. It is believed that she ritually wove the shoes using her hair in order to pray for her husband's health; a practice that has been attested to in other instances during the Joseon period.
All of the materials gathered from the tomb are now stored in the university's museum.
The letter is written vertically and right-to-left, using a brush, and on a piece of hanji that measures 58.5 by 34 cm (23.0 by 13.4 in). After writing until the left end of the page, Won's mother wrote more on the top margin of the page, until she ran out of space for further writing. The letter had been placed on Lee's chest.
The letter is seen as having historical value. The word choice Won's mother employs has been described as fairly equitable. For example, the use of the term 자내; janae to refer to Lee, which was seen as a way to refer to equals. This reflects the relatively equal social status of wives during this part of the Joseon period, which later declined by the 17th century. Lee is also believed to have been living with his wife's family at the time, which was then common practice. This later became uncommon and frowned upon, as wives were expected to move in with their husbands.
Strong expressions of emotion were frowned upon by the Korean Confucian elite. The letter was almost certainly meant to be private.
The letter is now widely known in South Korea.
Information about the letter was published in the November 2007 issue of National Geographic, and was printed in the March 2009 edition of the archaeology journal Antiquity.
A statue of Won's mother was constructed and placed at the former site of the tomb. The story of the couple has been fictionalized in novels and plays. In 2009, it was reported that many visitors to the Andong National University museum were said to be members of the Goseong Lee clan that wanted to see the letter. | [
{
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"text": "In 1998, a 16th-century letter from a grieving pregnant widow to her deceased husband Lee Eung-tae (Korean: 이응태; Hanja: 李應台; 1555–1586) was discovered in Lee's tomb in Jeongsang-dong [ko], Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.",
"title": ""
},
{
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lee lived from 1555 to 1586. He was a local nobleman of the Goseong Lee clan, and was the second son of father Lee Yo-shin. He died at the age of 31 (possibly from an epidemic, based on letters from Lee's father), and was survived by an infant son and a pregnant wife. Not much is known about Lee's wife, the author of the letter, although the name of one of the two children is given as \"Won\" on the letter (it is unclear which child the name belonged to), so she is now often called \"Won's mother\" (원이 어머니).",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In April 1998, an urban renewal project was being conducted on the south bank of the Nakdong River in Andong. In preparation for this, an archaeological team from Andong National University was sent to excavate and move several earthen mound tombs on the top of a slope, in accordance with the wishes of some living descendents. On April 24, the team excavated Lee's grave.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Initially, the only known information about the occupant of the grave (whose body had been mummified and was then still in good condition, although it was reburied elsewhere on the same day, in accordance with the family's wishes), was Lee's name. Records from the Goseong Lee clan and documents from within a pouch in the grave were cross-referenced to piece together information about who Lee was. Notably, the documents had been written by a number of different people, with one of them being Lee's wife. The texts were often written affectionately towards Lee, which gave the archaeologists the impression that he was beloved in the family.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The tomb also contained around forty to fifty articles of clothing. The clothing included a mix of clothing from Lee, the infant child, and Won's mother. Examples of clothing included jeogori, baji, danryeong, jikryeong, aekjureum (액주름), and women's clothing such as jang-ot and dongja (동자). Leaving clothes of the family inside a tomb was a common practice during this part of the Joseon period.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Won's mother also wrote two other texts in addition to her letter. One was written on hanji (Korean paper) wrapped around a lock of hair. It reads \"Please bury this beside... do not discard this...\" Another was written on paper wrapped around a pair of mituri [ko] (woven shoes) that were woven using a mix of hemp and hair. It reads \"Using my hair, made these shoes... died before they could be worn\". Handwriting analysis matched the writing on these papers to that on her letter. It is believed that she ritually wove the shoes using her hair in order to pray for her husband's health; a practice that has been attested to in other instances during the Joseon period.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "All of the materials gathered from the tomb are now stored in the university's museum.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The letter is written vertically and right-to-left, using a brush, and on a piece of hanji that measures 58.5 by 34 cm (23.0 by 13.4 in). After writing until the left end of the page, Won's mother wrote more on the top margin of the page, until she ran out of space for further writing. The letter had been placed on Lee's chest.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The letter is seen as having historical value. The word choice Won's mother employs has been described as fairly equitable. For example, the use of the term 자내; janae to refer to Lee, which was seen as a way to refer to equals. This reflects the relatively equal social status of wives during this part of the Joseon period, which later declined by the 17th century. Lee is also believed to have been living with his wife's family at the time, which was then common practice. This later became uncommon and frowned upon, as wives were expected to move in with their husbands.",
"title": "Analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Strong expressions of emotion were frowned upon by the Korean Confucian elite. The letter was almost certainly meant to be private.",
"title": "Analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The letter is now widely known in South Korea.",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Information about the letter was published in the November 2007 issue of National Geographic, and was printed in the March 2009 edition of the archaeology journal Antiquity.",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "A statue of Won's mother was constructed and placed at the former site of the tomb. The story of the couple has been fictionalized in novels and plays. In 2009, it was reported that many visitors to the Andong National University museum were said to be members of the Goseong Lee clan that wanted to see the letter.",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] | In 1998, a 16th-century letter from a grieving pregnant widow to her deceased husband Lee Eung-tae was discovered in Lee's tomb in Jeongsang-dong, Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The letter was written in 1586, during the Joseon period (1392–1897). It has since drawn significant domestic and international attention for what has been described as "its heartbreaking declarations of love and sorrow". It and other materials from the tomb are also considered to be valuable historical pieces for understanding the language and customs of this era. | 2023-12-27T12:12:51Z | 2023-12-31T15:46:27Z | [
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75,656,298 | Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources | The Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) is a research institute in South Korea focused on geological resources in the nation. KIGAM is a member institute of the National Research Council of Science and Technology and is under the National Science and Technology Research Association which is under the Ministry of Science and ICT.
The name of the institute changed numerous times over the years. It was initially named Geological Survey, before merging and being renamed the Central Geological and Mining Research Institute in 1946, Central Geological and Mineralogical Research Institute in 1948, Geological Survey of Korea in 1961, and merged with the National Institute of Mineral Research and renamed Geological and Mineral Institute of Korea in 1973. Eight years later it was refounded as the Korea Research Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources. A decade later it was given the acronym KIGAM with the name Korea Institute of Geology, Mining and Materials before changing again in 2001 to Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources while keeping the acronym.
Research divisions include the Geology and Space Division, Resources Utilization Division, Mineral Resources Division, Climate Change Response Division, Marine Geology and Energy Division, Geologic Hazards Division, and the KIGAM Pohang Branch. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) is a research institute in South Korea focused on geological resources in the nation. KIGAM is a member institute of the National Research Council of Science and Technology and is under the National Science and Technology Research Association which is under the Ministry of Science and ICT.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The name of the institute changed numerous times over the years. It was initially named Geological Survey, before merging and being renamed the Central Geological and Mining Research Institute in 1946, Central Geological and Mineralogical Research Institute in 1948, Geological Survey of Korea in 1961, and merged with the National Institute of Mineral Research and renamed Geological and Mineral Institute of Korea in 1973. Eight years later it was refounded as the Korea Research Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources. A decade later it was given the acronym KIGAM with the name Korea Institute of Geology, Mining and Materials before changing again in 2001 to Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources while keeping the acronym.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Research divisions include the Geology and Space Division, Resources Utilization Division, Mineral Resources Division, Climate Change Response Division, Marine Geology and Energy Division, Geologic Hazards Division, and the KIGAM Pohang Branch.",
"title": "Research"
}
] | The Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) is a research institute in South Korea focused on geological resources in the nation. KIGAM is a member institute of the National Research Council of Science and Technology and is under the National Science and Technology Research Association which is under the Ministry of Science and ICT. | 2023-12-27T12:17:04Z | 2023-12-29T10:06:16Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Institute_of_Geoscience_and_Mineral_Resources |
75,656,307 | Amir Avigdor | Amir Avigdor (born 29 January 1970) is a retired footballer who played as a forward. Most of his career played for Hapoel Be'er Sheva.
Avigdor began playing as a child in Hapoel Be'er Sheva's youth division. On 13 May 1989 made his debut in the senior team in the match agaisnt Shimshon Tel Aviv and also scored his debut goal.
In 1992 signed to Hapoel Haifa. One year later returned to Hapoel Be'er Sheva and scored 16 goals in 1993–94 season.
Later in the career played in Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Tzafririm Holon, Hapoel Nazareth Illit, Maccabi Ashkelon and Beitar Be'er Sheva.
In 2012 emigrated to Phoenix, Arizona. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Amir Avigdor (born 29 January 1970) is a retired footballer who played as a forward. Most of his career played for Hapoel Be'er Sheva.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Avigdor began playing as a child in Hapoel Be'er Sheva's youth division. On 13 May 1989 made his debut in the senior team in the match agaisnt Shimshon Tel Aviv and also scored his debut goal.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1992 signed to Hapoel Haifa. One year later returned to Hapoel Be'er Sheva and scored 16 goals in 1993–94 season.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Later in the career played in Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Tzafririm Holon, Hapoel Nazareth Illit, Maccabi Ashkelon and Beitar Be'er Sheva.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2012 emigrated to Phoenix, Arizona.",
"title": "Playing career"
}
] | Amir Avigdor is a retired footballer who played as a forward. Most of his career played for Hapoel Be'er Sheva. | 2023-12-27T12:18:45Z | 2023-12-28T11:41:59Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Avigdor |
75,656,328 | Wartensee railway station | Wartensee railway station (German: Bahnhof Wartensee) is a railway station in Thal, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Wartensee: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Wartensee railway station (German: Bahnhof Wartensee) is a railway station in Thal, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Wartensee:",
"title": "Services"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Wartensee railway station is a railway station in Thal, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways. | 2023-12-27T12:23:34Z | 2023-12-28T09:33:04Z | [
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75,656,341 | Lima Consensus (conference) | The Lima Consensus consists of the regional contribution adopted during the eighth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, during the special session of the General Assembly entitled 'Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty-first Century'. The Conference was held in Lima, Peru, from 8 to 10 February 2000. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Lima Consensus consists of the regional contribution adopted during the eighth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, during the special session of the General Assembly entitled 'Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty-first Century'. The Conference was held in Lima, Peru, from 8 to 10 February 2000.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Lima Consensus consists of the regional contribution adopted during the eighth Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, during the special session of the General Assembly entitled 'Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty-first Century'. The Conference was held in Lima, Peru, from 8 to 10 February 2000. | 2023-12-27T12:25:19Z | 2023-12-29T11:06:54Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_Consensus_(conference) |
75,656,345 | Leon Markovitz | Leon Markowitz (1937 - 16 July 2005) was a South African politician and hotelier, he served as Mayor of Cape Town between 1985 to 1987. He subsequently served as Finance Minister of the Western Cape and a fundraiser for the Democratic Alliance (DA).
As mayor in 1986, he was the senior official present at Desmond Tutu's installation as the first black Archbishop to lead the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. He also operated a hospitality business and owned the Ambassador Hotel in Bantry Bay in Cape Town. He was also a benefactor of the Cape Town Holocaust Centre. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Leon Markowitz (1937 - 16 July 2005) was a South African politician and hotelier, he served as Mayor of Cape Town between 1985 to 1987. He subsequently served as Finance Minister of the Western Cape and a fundraiser for the Democratic Alliance (DA).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As mayor in 1986, he was the senior official present at Desmond Tutu's installation as the first black Archbishop to lead the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. He also operated a hospitality business and owned the Ambassador Hotel in Bantry Bay in Cape Town. He was also a benefactor of the Cape Town Holocaust Centre.",
"title": ""
}
] | Leon Markowitz was a South African politician and hotelier, he served as Mayor of Cape Town between 1985 to 1987. He subsequently served as Finance Minister of the Western Cape and a fundraiser for the Democratic Alliance (DA). As mayor in 1986, he was the senior official present at Desmond Tutu's installation as the first black Archbishop to lead the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. He also operated a hospitality business and owned the Ambassador Hotel in Bantry Bay in Cape Town. He was also a benefactor of the Cape Town Holocaust Centre. | 2023-12-27T12:25:55Z | 2023-12-28T11:50:45Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Markovitz |
75,656,355 | Sandbüchel railway station | Sandbüchel railway station (German: Bahnhof Sandbüchel) is a railway station in Rorschacherberg, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Sandbüchel: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sandbüchel railway station (German: Bahnhof Sandbüchel) is a railway station in Rorschacherberg, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Sandbüchel:",
"title": "Services"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Sandbüchel railway station is a railway station in Rorschacherberg, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways. | 2023-12-27T12:29:32Z | 2023-12-28T09:33:31Z | [
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75,656,359 | Godly Play | Godly Play is a Montessori method for Christian education.
The method was developed by Jerome Berryman, an Episcopal priest. Berryman had studied the Montessori method in Italy, and had been trained in The Catechesis of the Good Shepherd. Berryman sought to develop something similar, suitable for a Protestant audience, incorporating existentialist theological concerns. Berryman and his colleague and Sonja Stewart, a professor of Christian education at Western Theological Seminary, co-developed a series of lessons plans, the first of which were published in the book Young Children and Worship. Berryman then further developed these ideas into the Godly Play method.
Although there are apparent similarities in methodology and praxis, there are also key methodological and theological differences between the Catechesis of the Good Shepherd and Godly Play.
Some of the first Godly Play trainings were held on the campus of Virginia Theological Seminary.
As with the Montessori method, Godly Play is child-centered and hands-on. Led by trained teachers, children are guided through a series of lessons which teach the Bible, the church year, and the saints. The aim is to tap into the religious potential of the child, as well as to attend to the child's existential limits. "At the heart of each lesson is storytelling and wondering"; lessons are taught as stories, illustrated with hands-on materials, which are followed by "I wonder" questions and time for students to creatively respond.
The curriculum is taught in a classroom, which is specially prepared. Children are divided by age groups; each age group meets in a separate atrium, and is taught lessons in a scope and sequence tailored to their age group.
The method has inspired several derivatives, among them: Faith & Play Stories, for Quakers; and Spirit Play, for Unitarian Universalists. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Godly Play is a Montessori method for Christian education.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The method was developed by Jerome Berryman, an Episcopal priest. Berryman had studied the Montessori method in Italy, and had been trained in The Catechesis of the Good Shepherd. Berryman sought to develop something similar, suitable for a Protestant audience, incorporating existentialist theological concerns. Berryman and his colleague and Sonja Stewart, a professor of Christian education at Western Theological Seminary, co-developed a series of lessons plans, the first of which were published in the book Young Children and Worship. Berryman then further developed these ideas into the Godly Play method.",
"title": "Founding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Although there are apparent similarities in methodology and praxis, there are also key methodological and theological differences between the Catechesis of the Good Shepherd and Godly Play.",
"title": "Founding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of the first Godly Play trainings were held on the campus of Virginia Theological Seminary.",
"title": "Founding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "Founding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "As with the Montessori method, Godly Play is child-centered and hands-on. Led by trained teachers, children are guided through a series of lessons which teach the Bible, the church year, and the saints. The aim is to tap into the religious potential of the child, as well as to attend to the child's existential limits. \"At the heart of each lesson is storytelling and wondering\"; lessons are taught as stories, illustrated with hands-on materials, which are followed by \"I wonder\" questions and time for students to creatively respond.",
"title": "Method"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The curriculum is taught in a classroom, which is specially prepared. Children are divided by age groups; each age group meets in a separate atrium, and is taught lessons in a scope and sequence tailored to their age group.",
"title": "Method"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The method has inspired several derivatives, among them: Faith & Play Stories, for Quakers; and Spirit Play, for Unitarian Universalists.",
"title": "Derivatives"
}
] | Godly Play is a Montessori method for Christian education. | 2023-12-27T12:30:16Z | 2023-12-27T13:08:56Z | [
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75,656,378 | Abuta bullata | Abuta bullata, commonly known as Bullate Abuta or Bubbled Abuta, is a species in the genus Abuta, which is part of the flowering plant family Menispermaceae. It is a perennial vine native to South America, particularly found in the Amazon rainforest. This species thrives in moist soils within the tropical and subtropical regions of the Amazon basin. It was first included in Brittonia in 1938.
Abuta bullata is characterized by its climbing nature and robust vines. It exhibits a bullate or blistered texture, often showcasing a prominent and distinctive veination pattern. The leaves are typically larger in size, with an oval or ovate shape.
The vine produces small, white flowers, usually arranged in clusters. The seeds are small, black, and round.
Abuta bullata is often used in ornamental gardening and landscaping due to its appealing foliage. It also attracts and supports local biodiversity, including hummingbirds and butterflies.
In its natural habitat, Abuta bullata prefers moist, well-drained soils, thriving under partial shade to full sunlight. It exhibits adaptability to various soil types and pH levels.
Abuta bullata's native habitat spans across the Amazon rainforest in South America, predominantly in the tropical and subtropical regions.
Information regarding the specific conservation status of Abuta bullata might vary due to limited documentation. However, as with many species within the Amazon rainforest, conservation efforts aimed at protecting its habitat are crucial to ensure its continued existence.
Abuta bullata, with its distinctive foliage and ecological role in its native habitat, stands as an integral part of the rich biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest. Continued conservation measures are essential to safeguard this species and its habitat from ongoing environmental threats. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Abuta bullata, commonly known as Bullate Abuta or Bubbled Abuta, is a species in the genus Abuta, which is part of the flowering plant family Menispermaceae. It is a perennial vine native to South America, particularly found in the Amazon rainforest. This species thrives in moist soils within the tropical and subtropical regions of the Amazon basin. It was first included in Brittonia in 1938.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Abuta bullata is characterized by its climbing nature and robust vines. It exhibits a bullate or blistered texture, often showcasing a prominent and distinctive veination pattern. The leaves are typically larger in size, with an oval or ovate shape.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The vine produces small, white flowers, usually arranged in clusters. The seeds are small, black, and round.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Abuta bullata is often used in ornamental gardening and landscaping due to its appealing foliage. It also attracts and supports local biodiversity, including hummingbirds and butterflies.",
"title": "Uses and benefits"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In its natural habitat, Abuta bullata prefers moist, well-drained soils, thriving under partial shade to full sunlight. It exhibits adaptability to various soil types and pH levels.",
"title": "Cultivation and habitat"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Abuta bullata's native habitat spans across the Amazon rainforest in South America, predominantly in the tropical and subtropical regions.",
"title": "Distribution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Information regarding the specific conservation status of Abuta bullata might vary due to limited documentation. However, as with many species within the Amazon rainforest, conservation efforts aimed at protecting its habitat are crucial to ensure its continued existence.",
"title": "Conservation status"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Abuta bullata, with its distinctive foliage and ecological role in its native habitat, stands as an integral part of the rich biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest. Continued conservation measures are essential to safeguard this species and its habitat from ongoing environmental threats.",
"title": "Conservation status"
}
] | Abuta bullata, commonly known as Bullate Abuta or Bubbled Abuta, is a species in the genus Abuta, which is part of the flowering plant family Menispermaceae. It is a perennial vine native to South America, particularly found in the Amazon rainforest. This species thrives in moist soils within the tropical and subtropical regions of the Amazon basin. It was first included in Brittonia in 1938. | 2023-12-27T12:33:02Z | 2023-12-28T16:29:47Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuta_bullata |
75,656,380 | Seebleiche railway station | Seebleiche railway station (German: Bahnhof Seebleiche) is a railway station in Rorschacherberg, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Seebleiche: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Seebleiche railway station (German: Bahnhof Seebleiche) is a railway station in Rorschacherberg, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Seebleiche:",
"title": "Services"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Seebleiche railway station is a railway station in Rorschacherberg, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is a station on the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways. | 2023-12-27T12:33:21Z | 2023-12-28T09:33:49Z | [
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75,656,387 | Bheri Hospital | Bheri Hospital is a government hospital located in Nepalgunj in Lumbini Province of Nepal. More than 200,000 people living in Lumbini Province, Karnali Province, and Sudurpashchim Province are highly benefitted from this hospital. It provides IPD, Emergency and OPD services.
It was established in 1947 BS (1890-1891) under the name of Prithvi Vir Hospital Dispensary. It was then named as Ratna Rajya Laxmi Devi Maternity Home in 2016 BS (1959-1960). Whereas, in 2022 BS (1965-1966) it was named as Bheri Zonal Hospital with 50 sanctioned bed. In 2043 BS (1986-1987), it got upgraded to 100 bedded hospital. It was again upgraded to 300 bedded central hospital in 2075 BS (2018-2019).
The functional departments in Bheri hospital includes: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bheri Hospital is a government hospital located in Nepalgunj in Lumbini Province of Nepal. More than 200,000 people living in Lumbini Province, Karnali Province, and Sudurpashchim Province are highly benefitted from this hospital. It provides IPD, Emergency and OPD services.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It was established in 1947 BS (1890-1891) under the name of Prithvi Vir Hospital Dispensary. It was then named as Ratna Rajya Laxmi Devi Maternity Home in 2016 BS (1959-1960). Whereas, in 2022 BS (1965-1966) it was named as Bheri Zonal Hospital with 50 sanctioned bed. In 2043 BS (1986-1987), it got upgraded to 100 bedded hospital. It was again upgraded to 300 bedded central hospital in 2075 BS (2018-2019).",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The functional departments in Bheri hospital includes:",
"title": "Departments"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Bheri Hospital is a government hospital located in Nepalgunj in Lumbini Province of Nepal. More than 200,000 people living in Lumbini Province, Karnali Province, and Sudurpashchim Province are highly benefitted from this hospital. It provides IPD, Emergency and OPD services. | 2023-12-27T12:36:11Z | 2023-12-30T07:03:53Z | [
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"Template:Nepal-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bheri_Hospital |
75,656,424 | Hati Yang Terpilih (Rossa album) | Hati Yang Terpilih is a compilation album album released by Rossa on August 20th, 2020 for a soap opera with the same title, Hati Yang Terpilih which aired on RCTI.
The main single from this album is "Hati Yang Terpilih" which was composed by Melly Goeslaw and arranged by Andi Rianto. This album sold more than 500,000 albums and was awarded the 2001 AMI Awards for Best Progressive Pop Female Singer. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Hati Yang Terpilih is a compilation album album released by Rossa on August 20th, 2020 for a soap opera with the same title, Hati Yang Terpilih which aired on RCTI.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The main single from this album is \"Hati Yang Terpilih\" which was composed by Melly Goeslaw and arranged by Andi Rianto. This album sold more than 500,000 albums and was awarded the 2001 AMI Awards for Best Progressive Pop Female Singer.",
"title": ""
}
] | Hati Yang Terpilih is a compilation album album released by Rossa on August 20th, 2020 for a soap opera with the same title, Hati Yang Terpilih which aired on RCTI. The main single from this album is "Hati Yang Terpilih" which was composed by Melly Goeslaw and arranged by Andi Rianto. This album sold more than 500,000 albums and was awarded the 2001 AMI Awards for Best Progressive Pop Female Singer. | 2023-12-27T12:43:53Z | 2023-12-28T01:09:27Z | [
"Template:Infobox album",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hati_Yang_Terpilih_(Rossa_album) |
75,656,439 | Walzenhausen railway station | Walzenhausen railway station (German: Bahnhof Walzenhausen) is a railway station in Walzenhausen, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is the terminus of the Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Walzenhausen: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Walzenhausen railway station (German: Bahnhof Walzenhausen) is a railway station in Walzenhausen, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is the terminus of the Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Walzenhausen:",
"title": "Services"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Walzenhausen railway station is a railway station in Walzenhausen, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is the terminus of the Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways. | 2023-12-27T12:48:31Z | 2023-12-27T18:26:50Z | [
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"Template:Switzerland-railstation-stub",
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"Template:Lang-de",
"Template:Rws"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walzenhausen_railway_station |
75,656,468 | Les Owen (speedway rider) | Leslie Norman Owen (21 April 1939 – 15 January 2004) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned two international caps for the England national speedway team and one cap for the Great Britain team.
Owen, born in Coventry, attended Barkers' Butts School before riding in cycle speedway for a team called Alvis Aces. He began his British leagues career riding for Coventry Bees during the 1957 Speedway National League.
He would spend his entire career at one club, which was extremely unusual in British speedway and during his time with Coventry his average would peak at 7.61 in 1962. He rode 17 years for the team until the end of the 1973 season.
Successes with Coventry included winning the Knockout Cup in 1967 and becoming league champions during the 1968 British League season. He also won five Midland Cups with the team, the first in 1960 and the last in 1971.
His career came to an end following a serious crash, which saw him suffer a brain injury leaving him paralysed down one side and with short term memory loss. After speedway he ran the Ace Garage business that he bought in 1969. He was killed in a rail level crossing accident on 15 January 2004. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Leslie Norman Owen (21 April 1939 – 15 January 2004) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned two international caps for the England national speedway team and one cap for the Great Britain team.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Owen, born in Coventry, attended Barkers' Butts School before riding in cycle speedway for a team called Alvis Aces. He began his British leagues career riding for Coventry Bees during the 1957 Speedway National League.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He would spend his entire career at one club, which was extremely unusual in British speedway and during his time with Coventry his average would peak at 7.61 in 1962. He rode 17 years for the team until the end of the 1973 season.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Successes with Coventry included winning the Knockout Cup in 1967 and becoming league champions during the 1968 British League season. He also won five Midland Cups with the team, the first in 1960 and the last in 1971.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "His career came to an end following a serious crash, which saw him suffer a brain injury leaving him paralysed down one side and with short term memory loss. After speedway he ran the Ace Garage business that he bought in 1969. He was killed in a rail level crossing accident on 15 January 2004.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Leslie Norman Owen was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned two international caps for the England national speedway team and one cap for the Great Britain team. | 2023-12-27T12:54:15Z | 2023-12-28T11:50:52Z | [
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Owen_(speedway_rider) |
75,656,484 | Ruderbach railway station | Ruderbach railway station (German: Bahnhof Ruderbach) is a railway station in St. Margrethen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is the only intermediate station on the Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.
As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Ruderbach: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ruderbach railway station (German: Bahnhof Ruderbach) is a railway station in St. Margrethen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is the only intermediate station on the Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Ruderbach:",
"title": "Services"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Ruderbach railway station is a railway station in St. Margrethen, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is the only intermediate station on the Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways. | 2023-12-27T12:57:28Z | 2023-12-28T09:39:40Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruderbach_railway_station |
75,656,485 | Queen Victoria statue, Chiang Mai | The Queen Victoria Statue in Chiang Mai, Thailand is situated in the Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery at Lamphun Road. The statue was erected as a memorial to the late Queen Victoria who died on 22 January 1901.
The idea to erect a statue to the late Queen was first proposed at a meeting held at the British consulate in Chiang Mai on 27 April 1901, presided over by the British Consul Mr. Beckett, and attended by members of the local British community. There it was resolved to form a committee to raise funds for a statue with Beckett agreeing to act as Honorary Secretary and Treasurer. At a subsequent meeting it was reported that Rupees 4,234 had been raised from donors, and it was resolved that the statue would be erected in the grounds of the British Consulate, Chiang Mai.
On 23 July 1902, a bronze statue and base was ordered by the Borneo Company Limited, London from the Goldsmith and Siversmith Company, London, and a Mr. Cartwright was commissioned to create the statue at a cost of £250. The base was constructed of white Perak marble, supplied and engraved by Ravensway and Co., Singapore.
On completion of the statue, the Ben Line company agreed to transport the statue from London to Singapore, but fearing that the statue would not arrive in time for unveiling at Christmas, when a large gathering of traders in the town was expected, it was unloaded at Rangoon after a telegram was sent, and transferred overland, first by rail and then by porters, rafts and elephants, across the Shan States to Chiang Mai.
Arriving in time, it was unveiled at a ceremony held on 24 December 1903 by Phya Surasri, the Siamese Commissioner of the Chiang Mai District in the presence of C.E.W. Stringer, the British Consul. On the base is inscribed the following words:
"Erected as a token of deep reverence and affection for the memory of their late Gracious Queen Victoria by her loyal subjects of every race residing in the Chiengmei, Lakon-Lampang, Phre, Nan, Sawankalok, and Raheng Districts of Northern Siam."
The statue, it was said, was worshipped by Thais as a fertility goddess where religious offerings were placed, and during the Second World War, when it was protected inside a wooden box, two holes were made so the eyes could continue to look out at worshippers.
It remained in the grounds of the British Consulate until 1978 when the building and land were sold, and the statue was moved to the Foreign Cemetery, Chiang Mai. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Queen Victoria Statue in Chiang Mai, Thailand is situated in the Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery at Lamphun Road. The statue was erected as a memorial to the late Queen Victoria who died on 22 January 1901.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The idea to erect a statue to the late Queen was first proposed at a meeting held at the British consulate in Chiang Mai on 27 April 1901, presided over by the British Consul Mr. Beckett, and attended by members of the local British community. There it was resolved to form a committee to raise funds for a statue with Beckett agreeing to act as Honorary Secretary and Treasurer. At a subsequent meeting it was reported that Rupees 4,234 had been raised from donors, and it was resolved that the statue would be erected in the grounds of the British Consulate, Chiang Mai.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 23 July 1902, a bronze statue and base was ordered by the Borneo Company Limited, London from the Goldsmith and Siversmith Company, London, and a Mr. Cartwright was commissioned to create the statue at a cost of £250. The base was constructed of white Perak marble, supplied and engraved by Ravensway and Co., Singapore.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On completion of the statue, the Ben Line company agreed to transport the statue from London to Singapore, but fearing that the statue would not arrive in time for unveiling at Christmas, when a large gathering of traders in the town was expected, it was unloaded at Rangoon after a telegram was sent, and transferred overland, first by rail and then by porters, rafts and elephants, across the Shan States to Chiang Mai.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Arriving in time, it was unveiled at a ceremony held on 24 December 1903 by Phya Surasri, the Siamese Commissioner of the Chiang Mai District in the presence of C.E.W. Stringer, the British Consul. On the base is inscribed the following words:",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "\"Erected as a token of deep reverence and affection for the memory of their late Gracious Queen Victoria by her loyal subjects of every race residing in the Chiengmei, Lakon-Lampang, Phre, Nan, Sawankalok, and Raheng Districts of Northern Siam.\"",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The statue, it was said, was worshipped by Thais as a fertility goddess where religious offerings were placed, and during the Second World War, when it was protected inside a wooden box, two holes were made so the eyes could continue to look out at worshippers.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "It remained in the grounds of the British Consulate until 1978 when the building and land were sold, and the statue was moved to the Foreign Cemetery, Chiang Mai.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The Queen Victoria Statue in Chiang Mai, Thailand is situated in the Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery at Lamphun Road. The statue was erected as a memorial to the late Queen Victoria who died on 22 January 1901. | 2023-12-27T12:57:33Z | 2023-12-28T08:43:18Z | [
"Template:Infobox artwork",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria_statue,_Chiang_Mai |
75,656,494 | Alvania gallegosi | Alvania gallegosi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Rissoidae.
The length of the shell attains 2.6 mm, its diameter 1.1 mm.
This marine species occurs in the Gulf of California. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alvania gallegosi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Rissoidae.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The length of the shell attains 2.6 mm, its diameter 1.1 mm.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This marine species occurs in the Gulf of California.",
"title": "Distribution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Alvania gallegosi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Rissoidae. | 2023-12-27T12:59:24Z | 2023-12-27T12:59:24Z | [
"Template:Expand section",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Taxonbar",
"Template:Rissoidae-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Speciesbox"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvania_gallegosi |
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