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Earlier today Professor Karen Britland was speaking in a lecture about the madness of Hamlet and whether or not he was truly mad or merely acting, that is if he carried the air of melancholy that so popularly affected young men in London during the 1580’s. In the lecture she pointed out that Hamlet speaks in long, fluid sentences which carry “rational” thought with them in their progression, lexical choice, and perceived sophistication, but only structure before he has seen the ghost. For example, Hamlet’s early lines give an impression of knowledge, such as would be the evidence of his recent return from school in Wittenburg. Hamlet’s use of rhetorical devices, such as anaphora, and the incorporation of them in his speech speak to this learning. Continue reading Monthly Archives: February 2011 I have just added a Bibliography page for resources and exploring further interest in the Digital Humanities. There are materials for related work, on the program Docuscope, websites, and miscellaneous items of interest. I will try to delineate between them and add to the page as time goes on. Please comment on the post if you have additions, comments, or questions. As far as other work that I have been doing, much of my absence has been due to a particularly consuming series of events since my last post, but I am currently working on material for journal submissions that will hopefully be posted here soon.	<urn:uuid:39faa81c-4cb9-4c8e-bd09-5198191dadcf>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "url": "https://allistrue.wordpress.com/2011/02/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891815934.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20180224191934-20180224211934-00452.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9766924977302551, "token_count": 300, "score": 2.578125, "int_score": 3 }
Flinging is a term used to describe a technique in which Portals can be utilized by the player in order to preserve (and increase) their momentum and reach otherwise-inaccessible areas. The concept of Flinging is first introduced in Portal Test Chamber 10, and is a fundamental technique in both Portal and Portal 2. Flinging makes use of the player's momentum and velocity, and the way in which they are preserved when traveling through linked portals. The technique behind the most basic type of flinging is to place one portal on a vertical surface facing a chasm or obstacle, and another portal on a horizontal surface that is on a level below the player's current position. The player must then jump (or drop) through the second portal, and will then be flung through the first portal while preserving their velocity and momentum. In this way, the player is able to cross gaps or avoid other barriers that that they would otherwise be incapable of overcoming. This technique is first introduced in Portal Test Chamber 10. Although the above technique is effective, it is not always practical, and this is especially true if the player is within a Test Chamber or area that features many metallic surfaces or is largely uniform. In order to overcome this, the player must use more advanced flinging techniques. Another common method of flinging requires that player place a portal one the floor, and the other on a high wall or panel. The player must then enter the first portal and drop towards the floor, recreating the first portal beneath them if needed. As the player falls, they should aim to re-enter the portal. As with the previous technique, the player will re-exit through the second portal while retaining the velocity and momentum acquired while dropping, effectively "double-flinging" themselves. An example of this technique is demonstrated in Portal Test Chamber 15, and is prominent in dozens of custom levels. A third method can be used when the player only has access to horizontal surfaces of different heights, and/or needs to build height rather than travel distance. Place the two portals on the different levels, and enter the lower one. As you exit, reposition yourself so that you can re-enter the lower of the two portals. As you repeat this process, you continue to "fall" infinitely and will go higher into the air each time you exit the portal; an example of this style of flinging is used in Portal: Prelude Test Chamber 09. Another technique involving horizontal surfaces exclusively requires the player to place one portal on the ground in an appropriate location, and then place a second portal on a horizontal surface on a level below the player's current position. As with the first technique, the player must then fall or drop into the second portal and emerge from the first. The key difference is that the portals must be alternated while the player is still in mid-air after passing through the second portal. Essentially, the player will emerge from the second portal that they have created and rise into the air before gravity forces the player to drop back through the portal. Before dropping through the portal however, the player must create a new portal on another surface and, after passing through it and rising into the air, must then recreate the first portal in another location. By repeating this process and alternating the creation of portals, the player can reach virtually any area as long as enough appropriately placed portal-conductive surfaces are present. This technique is used extensively in the final area of Portal Test Chamber 18. \| Long Jump\| Jump 300 feet. \| Four Ring Circus\| Enter 4 different portals without touching the ground in co-op \| Air Show\| Perform 2 aerial gestures before touching the ground in co-op	<urn:uuid:97d98348-e760-4ec7-b72c-2f35433d14f2>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-51", "url": "https://theportalwiki.com/wiki/Flinging", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824822.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213123823-20181213145323-00102.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9437082409858704, "token_count": 753, "score": 2.5625, "int_score": 3 }
Scientists at Michigan State University made a huge advance in minuscule technology. Researchers used nanogenerators to allow touchscreens to generate power using the force of a standard swipe, which might add the human hand to the list of renewable resources utilized in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Mobile technology has revolutionized how societies communicate, and touchscreens have become the control method of choice for mobile devices ranging from media players to phones and tablets. Now, with nanogenerators, those same touchscreens could be put to use in an innovative new way: producing energy. Battery life is one of the most important aspects of a mobile device because it determines how long it takes before measures need to be taken to keep it from running out of power. Rather than create a newer, better battery, however, researchers at Michigan State University have successfully created a way for an LCD touch screen to power itself using nothing more than the methods that are already used to control them: finger swipes and taps. Nanogenerators: A new Paradigm for Power The new development relies on a cross between nanotechnology and LCD screens: using a nanogenerator called a biocompatible ferroelectric nanogenerator, or FENG, layered within an LCD touch screen.This new development relies on a cross between nanotechnology and LCD screens: using a nanogenerator called a biocompatible ferroelectric nanogenerator, or FENG, layered within an LCD touch screen.Click To Tweet The FENG is a thin sheet of layered materials loaded with charged ions that produce electrical energy when compressed. As reported by Nano Energy, the electricity generating effect of the FENG is due to relatively large dipoles arranged on different layers that react when pushed together, creating an electrical potential that devices can harness for energy. The researchers used the FENG to successfully operate an LCD touch screen, an array of 20 LED lights, and a flexible keyboard, all without using a battery; merely touching the screen was enough to give it power. Other self-powered devices are using already developed technology such as piezoelectric or triboelectric generators, but the FENG provides an entirely new way to produce sustainable power for your mobile devices. The Future is Calling The implications of the FENG are interesting. While it has obvious uses for mobile devices, the new technology offers a low-cost method without use of any toxic materials. It can be utilized in an impressive range of devices that spans not only the biocompatible but also the implanted. For example, the FENG might be just the thing to power newly developed devices that allow the disabled to reclaim the use of the parts of their body that have failed them. One interesting feature of the FENG is that using it causes it to become more powerful. According to Nelson Sepulveda, each time the device is folded upon itself, it’s potential to make voltages increases exponentially. So, while it may be small, it can create a lot of power. Whether or not that power would be dangerous is unclear, but it does leave one to wonder how much power would be generated by putting a FENG inside a shoe. Would reaching the maximum limit be dangerous? For personal uses, this may mean that your battery will take much longer to drain with a FENG installed. For those looking for the bigger picture, this kind of technology could further reduce the need for harmful fossil fuels to keep up with modern energy needs. The research is still in the early stages of development, so time will tell us if the FENG becomes commercially viable. Those of us who are always running out of power on their phones or tablets will hope it does.	<urn:uuid:1a1c0d09-1844-4a1c-ae65-45ba29bed6e7>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "url": "https://edgylabs.com/nanogenerators-power-cellphone", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864790.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180522131652-20180522151652-00224.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9330675005912781, "token_count": 760, "score": 3.640625, "int_score": 4 }
The general idea standing behind JWT is to securely transmit information between parties. In our case, it is the userâs identity along with his rights, transmitted between the client (browser) and the server. When the user logs in, sending login query to the server, he receives back a JWT (aka access token) signed by the server with a private ... This tutorial demonstrates how to add user login to an Angular (versions 2 and above) application using Auth0. We recommend you to Log in to follow this quickstart with examples configured for your account. Apr 26, 2019 Â· Angular Security - Authentication With JSON Web Tokens (JWT): The Complete Guide Last Updated: 26 April 2019 local_offer Angular Security This post is a step-by-step guide for both designing and implementing JWT-based Authentication in an Angular Application.Author: [email protected] May 03, 2019 Â· Library to help you work with JWTs on AngularJS. Contribute to auth0/angular-jwt development by creating an account on GitHub. On the angular side of things there's actually very little difference between basic HTTP auth and JWT auth, the angular app just sends different data in the HTTP Authorization header for API calls. With basic auth the angular app sends the base64 encoded username and password prefixed with 'Basic ', and with JWT the app sends a base64 encoded ... The authentication service is used to login and logout of the application, to login it posts the users credentials to the api and checks the response for a JWT token, if there is one it means authentication was successful so the user details including the token are added to local storage. Sep 29, 2016 Â· After getting a lot of interest in a previous tutorial I posted on how to build a User Registration and Login with Angular 1, and since Angular 2 Final was recently released I thought it was time to post an updated example built with Angular 2 and TypeScript. ... Angular 2/5 JWT Interceptor. May 23, 2018 Â· The following is a custom example and tutorial on how to setup a simple login page using Angular 6 and JWT authentication. Webpack 4.8 is used to compile and bundle all the project files, styling of the example is done with Bootstrap 4. The following is a custom example and tutorial on how to setup a simple login page using Angular 7 and JWT authentication. For an extended example that includes role based access control check out Angular 7 - Role Based Authorization Tutorial with Example. Jun 22, 2019 Â· The following is a custom example and tutorial on how to setup a simple login page using Angular 8 and JWT authentication. Angular CLI was used to generate the base project structure with the ng new <project name> command, the CLI is also used to build and serve the application.	<urn:uuid:d6957db6-be2d-4705-a352-d06425fc7609>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "url": "https://wajahcantik.club/138-angular-login-jwt/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300810.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20220118092443-20220118122443-00182.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8181101083755493, "token_count": 891, "score": 2.796875, "int_score": 3 }
Knightley Moves In: Place and Resolution in Emma In Jane Austen’s Emma, Mr. George Knightley chooses to live at Hartfield with Emma Woodhouse, the protagonist and heroine, after their marriage, instead of moving her to his elaborate estate, Donwell Abbey. This decision is significant because of what the choice reveals about their relationship. Typically, in a Jane Austen novel, married women move out of their family home into the house of their husbands, adopting their husband’s life as their own. However, Mr. Knightley makes the sacrifice to leave his substantial property to live with Emma because of her anxious, ill father who must remain at Hartfield. The decision proves the importance of Emma in his life as well as the depth of his love, and the decision works in accordance with the close friendship the two have always had with one another. The event is also significant in its consistency with Emma’s marital wishes for herself that she expressed to Harriet at the beginning of the novel. Despite the unusual living arrangement of the couple, their situation reveals great depth of love, is consistent with Emma’s character needs and wants, and makes sense once the history and dynamics of their relationship is considered. Emma and Mr. Knightley marry for love and even relinquish some of their prestige by not living at Donwell, and therefore proving that their relationship is based much more on emotion that on material wealth and success. Mr. Knightley makes the considerable sacrifice to leave his grand property to be with her and to keep her happy because abandoning her father, Mr. Woodhouse, would make Emma miserable. Emma recognizes how lucky she is to marry a man so willing to give up his home for hers. Emma knew that “in quitting Donwell, he must be sacrificing a great deal of independence of hours and habits; that in living constantly with her father, and in no house of his own, there would be much, very much, to be borne with” (417; Chapter 51). Even when Emma tries to convince Mr. Knightley to rethink the plan, he insists that “he was fully convinced, that no reflection could alter his wishes or his opinion on the subject” (417; Chapter 51). Their relationship is shown to be even deeper in love with Mrs. Weston’s thoughts of “How very few of those men in a rank of life to address Emma would have renounced their own home for Hartfield! And who but Mr. Knightley could know and bear with Mr. Woodhouse, so as to make such an arrangement desirable!” (434; Chapter 53). While most marriages at the time are focused on the male: his desires, successes, fortunes, connections and more, Emma and Knightley’s marriage focuses mostly on her, or at least, on their mutual happiness and comfort from their deep love and attachment after their long friendship. The effects of Mr. Knightley’s sacrifice are also consistent with Emma’s initial wants for marriage for herself from the beginning of the novel if she ever decided to get married. By marrying Mr. Knightley, Emma is able to marry for love, while maintaining her wealth, comfort, power at home, and closeness to her father. Emma’s marriage to Mr. Knightley is significant with the pattern of her character as a woman who knows what she wants and tends to get what she wants eventually. Emma enjoys power and attention, which her position at Hartfield with her ill, nervous father gives to her. Emma explains to Harriet the significance and importance of her life at Hartfield as a reason why she will never marry, saying, “I believe few married women are half as much mistress of their husband’s house as I am of Hartfield; and never, never could I expect to be so truly beloved and important; so always first and always right in any man’s eyes as I am in my father’s” (79; Chapter 10). Emma initially did not plan to get marry for numerous reasons based largely on her own fortune and social status so she did not need a man’s title or money to make her wealthy; however, she also specifically states that the power, position, and attention she receives as mistress of her own home, Hartfield, with her father’s constant adoration, is better than any marriage or husband’s home she could be in. Yet, she does state that only love would entice her to marry, and “without love, I am sure I should be a fool to change such a situation as mine.” (79; Chapter 10). Therefore, Mr. Knightley’s final choice to give up his grand estate to live with her at Hartfield secures Emma the same position of power she has always had in her home, as well as the constant praise of her father along with the added affections of Mr. Knightley. This conclusion for their marital living together at Hartfield is then significant because not only is it consistent with Emma’s character because she achieved the ability to maintain her present situation of power, affluence and happiness, along with the bonus of truly loving Mr. Knightley; but it also provides evidence of Mr. Knightley’s love for her and the satisfaction of the marriage for both characters. While the choice to live at Hartfield over Donwell Abbey is good for the main characters of Emma, and provides a satisfactory ending for the audience, there is more significance to the choice than just a happily ever after. A main significance of the decision is how opposite the event is from the typical convention and propriety of marriage in Jane Austen novels. Consistent with Jane Austen novels, Emma, just like Austen’s other heroines, does have a happy ending with a lovely marriage at the conclusion of the story with “the wishes, the hopes, the confidence, the predictions of the small band of true friends who witnessed the ceremony, were fully answered in the perfect happiness of the union.” (450; Chapter 55). However, Emma differs in the fact that her situation and position remains the same, except for her new husband joining in her life. In essence, besides the change of last name and the vows that make her a married woman, Emma’s life does not drastically alter, while all other Austen heroines or supporting female characters do. For example, in Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice, Elinor, Marianne, and Elizabeth Bennett all move out their homes to live with their husbands. These women leave their parent or parents behind to slip into their husband’s lives and begin a new life as a missus. In Emma, Mr. Knightley makes the sacrifice to leave Donwell to live with Emma which gives her advantages of power and situation; Hartfield has been her home all her life and she has been the mistress of the home since the marriages of her sister and her governess. Emma essentially took on the male or husband role of being in charge of the home, the servants, and the inhabitants of the home, including her father. In essence, Mr. Knightley moves into her territory, differentiating their relationship and situation from those of other Austen novels. The reversal of gender roles in regard to class, propriety, and wealth could possibly be a potential issue for Emma and Mr. Knightley if it weren’t for the particulars and history of their relationship. While Mr. Knightley would appear to have little power by sacrificing his home to live in Emma’s; the women’s; the wife’s; the respect and influence that he has always had for and over Emma due to their long friendship balances out the strange exchange. Mr. Knightley is Emma’s senior by sixteen years, and they allude often in the novel of his constant, well-intended criticisms of Emma when she behaves improperly or arrogantly. For example, Mr. Knightley scolds Emma when she behaves rudely to Miss Bates, by telling her “it is very far from pleasant to me; but I must, I will,—I will tell you truths while I can; satisfied with proving myself your friend by very faithful counsel, and trusting that you will some time or other do me greater justice than you can do now” (349; Chapter 43). Mr. Knightley always has Emma’s best interest at heart and corrects Emma in her manners and behaviors. While at first Emma is usually resistant to his words, she eventually recognizes them as correct; “The truth of his representation there was no denying,” and she feels her shame; “she felt it at her heart,” and then she adjusts her behavior, proving her strong, mutual respect for him as well (349; Chapter 43). In this way, the power he has over her to adjust her manner and maturity, balances out the superiority that Emma may have by remaining in her own home instead of moving into his at Donwell. Mr. George Knightley and Emma Woodhouse’s marriage in Jane Austen’s Emma is unusual in its untraditional manner. Mr. Knightley chooses to move out of his extravagant estate, Donwell Abbey, to live with Emma and her ill, nervous father at Hartfield. This sacrifice of Mr. Knightley’s, the male in the relationship, is unique and therefore has many significances for the novel and their relationship. Mr. Knightley’s sacrifice for Emma and her father not only proves the true depth of his love and commitment towards her, but it also reflects on the strength of their relationship as a partnership, based on their many years of previous friendship and the driving forces of respect and care that have always kept the two concerned about the other. Finally, Mr. Knightley’s sacrifice is consistent with Emma Woodhouse’s character, in that she retains the same level of power, wealth, class, and authority that she has always had by remaining mistress of her home, and the only adjustment is simply the added benefits of being in love with her best friend who helps her mature while also departing from the typical husband and wife roles of Jane Austen novels. In his “Areopagitica,” John Milton claims “He that can apprehend and consider vice with all her baits and seeming pleasures, and yet abstain, and yet distinguish, and yet prefer that […] “Our society needs more heroes who are scientists, researchers, and engineers. We need to celebrate and reward the people who cure diseases, expand our understanding of humanity, and work to […] The Picture of Dorian Gray demonstrates a divide between aestheticism and morality that Oscars Wilde depicts by giving each character a very specific persona that either challenges or indulges in […] Roy Disney explains that “It’s not hard to make decisions when you know what your values are.” This is an important theme for the characters of Stephen Dedalus from James […] Richard Price’s The Breaks details the life of Peter Keller, a troubled young man fresh out of college and trying to find his calling in the world. Throughout the novel […] hroughout the ancient world, there are distinctions drawn between different groups and hierarchies of people due to this. The Jews were the chosen group of God and because of that, […] Every author has a purpose behind every piece they write; some sort of message or deeper meaning behind their work. Aldous Huxley’s purpose in writing Brave New World was most […] Nonsense poetry appeals to readers of all ages because it entertains the mind as well as the mouth. Drawing heavily on humorous imagery, creative word plays, and fantasy, nonsense poetry […] Placing Jane Austen’s novel Persuasion and William Shakespeare’s play Antony and Cleopatra side by side, one observes an interesting parallelism in the manner in which the protagonists are portrayed. Though […] In Jane Austen’s Emma, Mr. George Knightley chooses to live at Hartfield with Emma Woodhouse, the protagonist and heroine, after their marriage, instead of moving her to his elaborate estate, […]	<urn:uuid:0ebadd11-30ce-4a63-b6a4-3686293742f0>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "url": "https://literatureessaysamples.com/knightley-moves-in-place-and-resolution-in-emma/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153521.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728025548-20210728055548-00284.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9769805669784546, "token_count": 2518, "score": 2.859375, "int_score": 3 }
นิทานภาษาอังกฤษ “โฉมงามกับเจ้าชายอสูร” Beauty and the Besat มาอ่านเรื่องราวของสาวน้อยที่เป็นตัวประกันแทนพ่อ ที่ต้องอาศัยอยู่กับอสูรร้ายในสถานที่แห่งหนึ่ง ท้ายที่สุดหญิงงามหลงรักอสูรได้อย่างไร และอสูรร้ายกลายเป็นเจ้าชายผู้งดงามได้อย่างไร มาติดตามกันเลยครับ There was once a very rich merchant, who had six children, three boys and three girls. As he was himself a man of great sense, he spared no expense for their education. The three daughters were all handsome, but particularly the youngest; indeed, she was so very beautiful, that in her childhood every one called her the Little Beauty; and being equally lovely when she was grown up, nobody called her by any other name, which made her sisters very jealous of her. This youngest daughter was not only more handsome than her sisters, but also was better tempered. The two eldest were vain of their wealth and position. They gave themselves a thousand airs, and refused to visit other merchants’ daughters; nor would they condescend to be seen except with persons of quality. They went every day to balls, plays, and public walks, and always made game of their youngest sister for spending her time in reading or other useful employments. As it was well known that these young ladies would have large fortunes, many great merchants wished to get them for wives; but the two eldest always answered, that, for their parts, they had no thoughts of marrying any one below a duke or an earl at least. Beauty had quite as many offers as her sisters, but she always answered, with the greatest civility, that though she was much obliged to her lovers, she would rather live some years longer with her father, as she thought herself too young to marry. It happened that, by some unlucky accident, the merchant suddenly lost all his fortune, and had nothing left but a small cottage in the country. Upon this he said to his daughters, while the tears ran down his cheeks, “My children, we must now go and dwell in the cottage, and try to get a living by labour, for we have no other means of support.” The two eldest replied that they did not know how to work, and would not leave town; for they had lovers enough who would be glad to marry them, though they had no longer any fortune. But in this they were mistaken; for when the lovers heard what had happened, they said, “The girls were so proud and ill-tempered, that all we wanted was their fortune: we are not sorry at all to see their pride brought down: let them show off their airs to their cows and sheep.” But everybody pitied poor Beauty, because she was so sweet-tempered and kind to all, and several gentlemen offered to marry her, though she had not a penny; but Beauty still refused, and said she could not think of leaving her poor father in this trouble. At first Beauty could not help sometimes crying in secret for the hardships she was now obliged to suffer; but in a very short time she said to herself, “All the crying in the world will do me no good, so I will try to be happy without a fortune.” When they had removed to their cottage, the merchant and his three sons employed themselves in ploughing and sowing the fields, and working in the garden. Beauty also did her part, for she rose by four o’clock every morning, lighted the fires, cleaned the house, and got ready the breakfast for the whole family. At first she found all this very hard; but she soon grew quite used to it, and thought it no hardship; indeed, the work greatly benefited her health. When she had done, she used to amuse herself with reading, playing her music, or singing while she spun. But her two sisters were at a loss what to do to pass the time away: they had their breakfast in bed, and did not rise till ten o’clock. Then they commonly walked out, but always found themselves very soon tired; when they would often sit down under a shady tree, and grieve for the loss of their carriage and fine clothes, and say to each other, “What a mean-spirited poor stupid creature our young sister is, to be so content with this low way of life!” But their father thought differently: and loved and admired his youngest child more than ever. After they had lived in this manner about a year, the merchant received a letter, which informed him that one of his richest ships, which he thought was lost, had just come into port. This news made the two eldest sisters almost mad with joy; for they thought they should now leave the cottage, and have all their finery again. When they found that their father must take a journey to the ship, the two eldest begged he would not fail to bring them back some new gowns, caps, rings, and all sorts of trinkets. But Beauty asked for nothing; for she thought in herself that all the ship was worth would hardly buy everything her sisters wished for. “Beauty,” said the merchant, “how comes it that you ask for nothing: what can I bring you, my child?” “Since you are so kind as to think of me, dear father,” she answered, “I should be glad if you would bring me a rose, for we have none in our garden.” Now Beauty did not indeed wish for a rose, nor anything else, but she only said this that she might not affront her sisters; otherwise they would have said she wanted her father to praise her for desiring nothing. The merchant took his leave of them, and set out on his journey; but when he got to the ship, some persons went to law with him about the cargo, and after a deal of trouble he came back to his cottage as poor as he had left it. When he was within thirty miles of his home, and thinking of the joy of again meeting his children, he lost his way in the midst of a dense forest. It rained and snowed very hard, and, besides, the wind was so high as to throw him twice from his horse. Night came on, and he feared he should die of cold and hunger, or be torn to pieces by the wolves that he heard howling round him. All at once, he cast his eyes towards a long avenue, and saw at the end a light, but it seemed a great way off. He made the best of his way towards it, and found that it came from a splendid palace, the windows of which were all blazing with light. It had great bronze gates, standing wide open, and fine court-yards, through which the merchant passed; but not a living soul was to be seen. There were stables too, which his poor, starved horse, less scrupulous than himself, entered at once, and took a good meal of oats and hay. His master then tied him up, and walked towards the entrance hall, but still without seeing a single creature. He went on to a large dining-parlour, where he found a good fire, and a table covered with some very nice dishes, but only one plate with a knife and fork. As the snow and rain had wetted him to the skin, he went up to the fire to dry himself. “I hope,” said he, “the master of the house or his servants will excuse me, for it surely will not be long now before I see them.” He waited some time, but still nobody came: at last the clock struck eleven, and the merchant, being quite faint for the want of food, helped himself to a chicken, and to a few glasses of wine, yet all the time trembling with fear. He sat till the clock struck twelve, and then, taking courage, began to think he might as well look about him: so he opened a door at the end of the hall, and went through it into a very grand room, in which there was a fine bed; and as he was feeling very weary, he shut the door, took off his clothes, and got into it. It was ten o’clock in the morning before he awoke, when he was amazed to see a handsome new suit of clothes laid ready for him, instead of his own, which were all torn and spoiled. “To be sure,” said he to himself, “this place belongs to some good fairy, who has taken pity on my ill luck.” He looked out of the window, and instead of the snow-covered wood, where he had lost himself the previous night, he saw the most charming arbours covered with all kinds of flowers. Returning to the hall where he had supped, he found a breakfast table, ready prepared. “Indeed, my good fairy,” said the merchant aloud, “I am vastly obliged to you for your kind care of me.” He then made a hearty breakfast, took his hat, and was going to the stable to pay his horse a visit; but as he passed under one of the arbours, which was loaded with roses, he thought of what Beauty had asked him to bring back to her, and so he took a bunch of roses to carry home. At the same moment he heard a loud noise, and saw coming towards him a beast, so frightful to look at that he was ready to faint with fear. “Ungrateful man!” said the beast in a terrible voice, “I have saved your life by admitting you into my palace, and in return you steal my roses, which I value more than anything I possess. But you shall atone for your fault: you shall die in a quarter of an hour.” The merchant fell on his knees, and clasping his hands, said, “Sir, I humbly beg your pardon: I did not think it would offend you to gather a rose for one of my daughters, who had entreated me to bring her one home. Do not kill me, my lord!” “I am not a lord, but a beast,” replied the monster; “I hate false compliments: so do not fancy that you can coax me by any such ways. You tell me that you have daughters; now I suffer you to escape, if one of them will come and die in your stead. If not, promise that you will yourself return in three months, to be dealt with as I may choose.” The tender-hearted merchant had no thoughts of letting any one of his daughters die for his sake; but he knew that if he seemed to accept the beast’s terms, he should at least have the pleasure of seeing them once again. So he gave his promise, and was told he might then set off as soon as he liked. “But,” said the beast, “I do not wish you to go back empty-handed. Go to the room you slept in, and you will find a chest there; fill it with whatsoever you like best, and I will have it taken to your own house for you.” When the beast had said this, he went away. The good merchant, left to himself, began to consider that as he must die—for he had no thought of breaking a promise, made even to a beast he might as well have the comfort of leaving his children provided for. He returned to the room he had slept in, and found there heaps of gold pieces lying about. He filled the chest with them to the very brim, locked it, and, mounting his horse, left the palace as sorrowful as he had been glad when he first beheld it. The horse took a path across the forest of his own accord, and in a few hours they reached the merchant’s house. His children came running round him, but, instead of kissing them with joy, he could not help weeping as he looked at them. He held in his hand the bunch of roses, which he gave to Beauty saying, “Take these roses, Beauty; but little do you think how dear they have cost your poor father;” and then he gave them an account of all that he had seen or heard in the palace of the beast. The two eldest sisters now began to shed tears, and to lay the blame upon Beauty, who, they said, would be the cause of her father’s death. “See,” said they, “what happens from the pride of the little wretch; why did not she ask for such things as we did? But, to be sure, Miss must not be like other people; and though she will be the cause of her father’s death, yet she does not shed a tear.” “It would be useless,” replied Beauty, “for my father shall not die. As the beast will accept of one of his daughters, I will give myself up, and be only too happy to prove my love for the best of fathers.” “No, sister,” said the three brothers with one voice, “that cannot be; we will go in search of this monster, and either he or we will perish.” “Do not hope to kill him,” said the merchant, “his power is far too great. But Beauty’s young life shall not be sacrificed: I am old, and cannot expect to live much longer; so I shall but give up a few years of my life, and shall only grieve for the sake of my children.” “Never, father!” cried Beauty: “If you go back to the palace, you cannot hinder my going after you; though young, I am not over-fond of life; and I would much rather be eaten up by the monster, than die of grief for your loss.” The merchant in vain tried to reason with Beauty, who still obstinately kept to her purpose; which, in truth, made her two sisters glad, for they were jealous of her, because everybody loved her. The merchant was so grieved at the thoughts of losing his child, that he never once thought of the chest filled with gold, but at night, to his great surprise, he found it standing by his bedside. He said nothing about his riches to his eldest daughters, for he knew very well it would at once make them want to return to town; but he told Beauty his secret, and she then said, that while he was away, two gentlemen had been on a visit at their cottage, who had fallen in love with her two sisters. She entreated her father to marry them without delay, for she was so sweet-natured, she only wished them to be happy. Three months went by, only too fast, and then the merchant and Beauty got ready to set out for the palace of the beast. Upon this, the two sisters rubbed their eyes with an onion, to make believe they were crying; both the merchant and his sons cried in earnest. Only Beauty shed no tears. They reached the palace in a very few hours, and the horse, without bidding, went into the same stable as before. The merchant and Beauty walked towards the large hall, where they found a table covered with every dainty, and two plates laid ready. The merchant had very little appetite; but Beauty, that she might the better hide her grief, placed herself at the table, and helped her father; she then began to eat herself, and thought all the time that, to be sure, the beast had a mind to fatten her before he ate her up, since he had provided such good cheer for her. When they had done their supper, they heard a great noise, and the good old man began to bid his poor child farewell, for he knew it was the beast coming to them. When Beauty first saw that frightful form, she was very much terrified, but tried to hide her fear. The creature walked up to her, and eyed her all over—then asked her in a dreadful voice if she had come quite of her own accord. “Yes,” said Beauty. “Then you are a good girl, and I am very much obliged to you.” This was such an astonishingly civil answer that Beauty’s courage rose: but it sank again when the beast, addressing the merchant, desired him to leave the palace next morning, and never return to it again. “And so good night, merchant. And good night, Beauty.” “Good night, beast,” she answered, as the monster shuffled out of the room. “Ah! my dear child,” said the merchant, kissing his daughter, “I am half dead already, at the thought of leaving you with this dreadful beast; you shall go back and let me stay in your place.” “No,” said Beauty, boldly, “I will never agree to that; you must go home tomorrow morning.” They then wished each other good night, and went to bed, both of them thinking they should not be able to close their eyes; but as soon as ever they had lain down, they fell into a deep sleep, and did not awake till morning. Beauty dreamed that a lady came up to her, who said, “I am very much pleased, Beauty, with the goodness you have shown, in being willing to give your life to save that of your father. Do not be afraid of anything; you shall not go without a reward.” As soon as Beauty awoke, she told her father this dream; but though it gave him some comfort, he was a long time before he could be persuaded to leave the palace. At last Beauty succeeded in getting him safely away. When her father was out of sight, poor Beauty began to weep sorely; still, having naturally a courageous spirit, she soon resolved not to make her sad case still worse by sorrow, which she knew was vain, but to wait and be patient. She walked about to take a view of all the palace, and the elegance of every part of it much charmed her. But what was her surprise, when she came to a door on which was written, Beauty’s room! She opened it in haste, and her eyes were dazzled by the splendour and taste of the apartment. What made her wonder more than all the rest, was a large library filled with books, a harpsichord, and many pieces of music. “The beast surely does not mean to eat me up immediately,” said she, “since he takes care I shall not be at a loss how to amuse myself.” She opened the library and saw these verses written in letters of gold on the back of one of the books: “Beauteous lady, dry your tears, Here’s no cause for sighs or fears. Command as freely as you may, For you command and I obey.” “Alas!” said she, sighing; “I wish I could only command a sight of my poor father, and to know what he is doing at this moment.” Just then, by chance, she cast her eyes on a looking-glass that stood near her, and in it she saw a picture of her old home, and her father riding mournfully up to the door. Her sisters came out to meet him, and although they tried to look sorry, it was easy to see that in their hearts they were very glad. In a short time all this picture disappeared, but it caused Beauty to think that the beast, besides being very powerful, was also very kind. About the middle of the day she found a table laid ready for her, and a sweet concert of music played all the time she was dining, without her seeing anybody. But at supper, when she was going to seat herself at table, she heard the noise of the beast, and could not help trembling with fear. “Beauty,” said he, “will you give me leave to see you sup?” “That is as you please,” answered she, very much afraid. “Not in the least,” said the beast; “you alone command in this place. If you should not like my company, you need only say so, and I will leave you that moment. But tell me, Beauty, do you not think me very ugly?” “Why, yes,” said she, “for I cannot tell a falsehood; but then I think you are very good.” “Am I?” sadly replied the beast; “yet, besides being ugly, I am also very stupid: I know well enough that I am but a beast.” “Very stupid people,” said Beauty, “are never aware of it themselves.” At which kindly speech the beast looked pleased, and replied, not without an awkward sort of politeness, “Pray do not let me detain you from supper, and be sure that you are well served. All you see is your own, and I should be deeply grieved if you wanted for any thing.” “You are very kind—so kind that I almost forgot you are so ugly,” said Beauty, earnestly. “Ah! yes,” answered the beast, with a great sigh; “I hope I am good-tempered, but still I am only a monster.” “There is many a monster who wears the form of a man; it is better of the two to have the heart of a man and the form of a monster.” “I would thank you, Beauty, for this speech, but I am too senseless to say anything that would please you,” returned the beast in a melancholy voice; and altogether he seemed so gentle and so unhappy, that Beauty, who had the tenderest heart in the world, felt her fear of him gradually vanish. She ate her supper with a good appetite, and conversed in her own sensible and charming way, till at last, when the beast rose to depart, he terrified her more than ever by saying abruptly, in his gruff voice, “Beauty, will you marry me!” Now Beauty, frightened as she was, would speak only the exact truth; besides, her father had told her that the beast liked only to have the truth spoken to him. So she answered, in a very firm tone, “No, beast.” He did not go into a passion, or do anything but sigh deeply, and depart. When Beauty found herself alone, she began to feel pity for the poor beast. “Oh!” said she, “what a sad thing it is that he should be so very frightful, since he is so good-tempered!” Beauty lived three months in this palace very well pleased. The beast came to see her every night, and talked with her while she supped; and though what he said was not very clever, yet, as she saw in him every day some new goodness, instead of dreading the time of his coming, she soon began continually looking at her watch, to see if it were nine o’clock; for that was the hour when he never failed to visit her. One thing only vexed her, which was that every night before he went away, he always made it a rule to ask her if she would be his wife, and seemed very much grieved at her steadfastly replying “No.” At last, one night, she said to him, “You wound me greatly, beast, by forcing me to refuse you so often; I wish I could take such a liking to you as to agree to marry you: but I must tell you plainly, that I do not think it will ever happen. I shall always be your friend; so try to let that content you.” “I must,” sighed the beast, “for I know well enough how frightful I am; but I love you better than myself. Yet I think I am very lucky in your being pleased to stay with me: now promise me, Beauty, that you will never leave me.” Beauty would almost have agreed to this, so sorry was she for him, but she had that day seen in her magic glass, which she looked at constantly, that her father was dying of grief for her sake. “Alas!” she said, “I long so much to see my father, that if you do not give me leave to visit him, I shall break my heart.” “I would rather break mine, Beauty,” answered the beast; “I will send you to your father’s cottage: you shall stay there, and your poor beast shall die of sorrow.” “No,” said Beauty, crying, “I love you too well to be the cause of your death; I promise to return in a week. You have shown me that my sisters are married, and my brothers are gone for soldiers, so that my father is left all alone. Let me stay a week with him.” “You shall find yourself with him to-morrow morning,” replied the beast; “but mind, do not forget your promise. When you wish to return, you have nothing to do but to put your ring on a table when you go to bed. Good-bye, Beauty!” The beast sighed as he said these words, and Beauty went to bed very sorry to see him so much grieved. When she awoke in the morning, she found herself in her father’s cottage. She rang a bell that was at her bedside, and a servant entered; but as soon as she saw Beauty, the woman gave a loud shriek; upon which the merchant ran upstairs, and when he beheld his daughter he ran to her, and kissed her a hundred times. At last Beauty began to remember that she had brought no clothes with her to put on; but the servant told her she had just found in the next room a large chest full of dresses, trimmed all over with gold, and adorned with pearls and diamonds. Beauty, in her own mind, thanked the beast for his kindness, and put on the plainest gown she could find among them all. She then desired the servant to lay the rest aside, for she intended to give them to her sisters; but, as soon as she had spoken these words, the chest was gone out of sight in a moment. Her father then suggested, perhaps the beast chose for her to keep them all for herself: and as soon as he had said this, they saw the chest standing again in the same place. While Beauty was dressing herself, a servant brought word to her that her sisters were come with their husbands to pay her a visit. They both lived unhappily with the gentlemen they had married. The husband of the eldest was very handsome, but was so proud of this, that he thought of nothing else from morning till night, and did not care a pin for the beauty of his wife. The second had married a man of great learning; but he made no use of it, except to torment and affront all his friends, and his wife more than any of them. The two sisters were ready to burst with spite when they saw Beauty dressed like a princess, and looking so very charming. All the kindness that she showed them was of no use; for they were vexed more than ever when she told them how happy she lived at the palace of the beast. The spiteful creatures went by themselves into the garden, where they cried to think of her good fortune. “Why should the little wretch be better off than we?” said they. “We are much handsomer than she is.” “Sister!” said the eldest, “a thought has just come into my head: let us try to keep her here longer than the week for which the beast gave her leave; and then he will be so angry, that perhaps when she goes back to him he will eat her up in a moment.” “That is well thought of,” answered the other, “but to do this, we must pretend to be very kind.” They then went to join her in the cottage, where they showed her so much false love, that Beauty could not help crying for joy. When the week was ended, the two sisters began to pretend such grief at the thought of her leaving them, that she agreed to stay a week more: but all that time Beauty could not help fretting for the sorrow that she knew her absence would give her poor beast; for she tenderly loved him, and much wished for his company again. Among all the grand and clever people she saw, she found nobody who was half so sensible, so affectionate, so thoughtful, or so kind. The tenth night of her being at the cottage, she dreamed she was in the garden of the palace, that the beast lay dying on a grass-plot, and with his last breath put her in mind of her promise, and laid his death to her forsaking him. Beauty awoke in a great fright, and burst into tears. “Am not I wicked,” said she, “to behave so ill to a beast who has shown me so much kindness? Why will not I marry him? I am sure I should be more happy with him than my sisters are with their husbands. He shall not be wretched any longer on my account; for I should do nothing but blame myself all the rest of my life.” She then rose, put her ring on the table, got into bed again, and soon fell asleep. In the morning she with joy found herself in the palace of the beast. She dressed herself very carefully, that she might please him the better, and thought she had never known a day pass away so slowly. At last the clock struck nine, but the beast did not come. Beauty, dreading lest she might truly have caused his death, ran from room to room, calling out, “Beast, dear beast;” but there was no answer. At last she remembered her dream, rushed to the grass-plot, and there saw him lying apparently dead beside the fountain. Forgetting all his ugliness, she threw herself upon his body, and, finding his heart still beat, she fetched some water and sprinkled it over him, weeping and sobbing the while. The beast opened his eyes: “You forgot your promise, Beauty, and so I determined to die; for I could not live without you. I have starved myself to death, but I shall die content since I have seen your face once more.” “No, dear beast,” cried Beauty, passionately, “you shall not die; you shall live to be my husband. I thought it was only friendship I felt for you, but now I know it was love.” The moment Beauty had spoken these words, the palace was suddenly lighted up, and all kinds of rejoicings were heard around them, none which she noticed, but hung over her dear beast with the utmost tenderness. At last, unable to restrain herself, she dropped her head over her hands, covered her eyes, and cried for joy; and, when she looked up again, the beast was gone. In his stead she saw at her feet a handsome, graceful young prince, who thanked her with the tenderest expressions for having freed him from enchantment. “But where is my poor beast? I only want him and nobody else,” sobbed Beauty. “I am he,” replied the Prince. “A wicked fairy condemned me to this form, and forbade me to show that I had any wit or sense, till a beautiful lady should consent to marry me. You alone, dearest Beauty, judged me neither by my looks nor by my talents, but by my heart alone. Take it then, and all that I have besides, for all is yours.” Beauty, full of surprise, but very happy, suffered the prince to lead her to his palace, where she found her father and sisters, who had been brought there by the fairy-lady whom she had seen in a dream the first night she came. “Beauty,” said the fairy, “you have chosen well, and you have your reward, for a true heart is better than either good looks or clever brains. As for you, ladies,” and she turned to the two elder sisters, “I know all your ill deeds, but I have no worse punishment for you than to see your sister happy. You shall stand as statues at the door of her palace, and when you repent of and have amended your faults, you shall become women again. But, to tell you the truth, I very much fear you will remain statues for ever.”	<urn:uuid:a58835b9-fef4-4ba0-a6df-5969175b028d>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "url": "https://xn--12cl9ca5a0ai1ad0bea0clb11a0e.com/beauty-and-the-beast/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320302715.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220121010736-20220121040736-00519.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9910866618156433, "token_count": 7355, "score": 2.515625, "int_score": 3 }
Bronx Community College. Several Civics components on U.S. Government, Citizenship, Finance, Health, etc., were integrated into the English Literacy curriculum. Description of activities can be found in the How-to-Manual. California Literacy, Inc., created an action oriented 15-unit curriculum based upon true stories of immigrants. This project included their field-test partners, representing a wide range of adult education providers. Temple University. First Amendment Plus (FAP) engages immigrant learners and their ESL/cititizenship instructors discussing how the FAP influenceS their lives and the life of their communities. Southern Westchester BOCES published a comprehensive resource guide for teachers which offers themes and lesson plans to help teachers educate new Americans in EL/Civics. Coalition of Limited English Speaking Elderly. Bright Ideas, a 15-unit curriculum, includes strategies and step-by-step instructions for teachers of very beginning ESL learners, as well as learning materials for students. PBS ESL/CivicsLink is a flexible online professional development system for ESL adult teachers. Adult educators created this field-tested product, which integrates English literacy and civics instruction. The Center: Resources for Teaching and Learning. (On left panel, click on Adult Learning Resource Center, then click on ESL & EL/CE) This curriculum is a fully reproducible, multilevel curriculum that is easily integrated into any existing ESL curriculum and contains six multilevel units and teaching techniques.	<urn:uuid:ce27e1b9-2cc8-4051-acf9-3f9ec0b7e7be>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-27", "url": "http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ovae/pi/AdultEd/elcnote.html", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096870.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00196-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9213746190071106, "token_count": 307, "score": 3.03125, "int_score": 3 }
Guide: How to Clean Dog Ears with Hydrogen Peroxide Just like humans, every living creature needs medical attention. Today’s focus of discussion is how to clean dog ears with hydrogen peroxide. The most common problems that people encounter in pets is Ear disease. At least once in their lifetime, a dog will suffer from this painful condition. Causes of Infection - Wax, grime, dirt etc. and God knows what else is constantly building up inside our lovely pet dog’s ear. - Ear mites, bacteria, and yeast are the common cause of ear infection in puppies. - There are also several other contributing factors to the enhancement of ear infection like allergies, foreign bodies, moisture, hormonal abnormalities, and trauma. Symptoms of Ear Infection - The symptoms of ear infection start from shaking head, scratching, rubbing, odor, swelling or redness in the ear, brown, yellow or bloody discharge from the ears or even unusual eye movement. - Some dogs become so uncomfortable that they even damage their ear flaps by continuously scratching and rubbing their ears, that is why it is important to know how to get rid of the dog ear infection. Ear infection can occur anywhere in the outer, middle or inner ear. Well, in that case, we should avoid treating the ear infection in the dog by ourselves; rather we leave it for a Medical practitioner. When to Consult your Veterinarian - Fluid drainage - Severe wax buildup - Deep scratches - The interior of the ear turns red - Unpleasant smell - Swelling and bumps - The skin becomes crusty - The hair from the ear starts to fall To avoid any kind of ear infection in your pet, a regular ear check should become part of the grooming routine. However, if you notice that your dog tends to develop earwax, or it has excessive hair in its ears, you need to clean them more often. If left untreated for a prolonged period of time or even worse, get an infection! Now, we are going to talk about how to clean dog ears with hydrogen peroxide perfectly. - Clean inside of the ear flaps regular basis. - Bathe your pet frequently and ensure a good hygiene. - Dry your dog’s ear thoroughly after swimming or bathing. - Restrict your dog’s activity when it is having an ear infection. - Avoid washing your dog’s ear frequently and vigorously. - Do not use alcohol for cleaning, it causes dryness and can inflame the tissues. - Practice not to keep your dog indoor for a longer time; indoor dogs are much likely to have ear infections. Things to Keep in Mind - If the ear of your dog looks dirty, then you need to clean it’s ear as early as possible with a cotton ball. Though there are various solutions available on the market, it is a good idea to opt for one that you can prepare at home. - The another most important thing you need to understand that the skin located inside the dog’s ear it is so delicate. By no means should you scrub intensively or use solutions that may cause rashes. - Moreover, when you clean your dog’s ears you need to stick to the external parts. To be more exact, it is forbidden to stick anything in the ear canal as this can lead to serious problems. - In case the ear canal is filled with hair, you may need to groom it a bit. To be more precise, you can tweeze it out on a regular basis, so it does not get tangled. There are numerous home remedies that will help your pet overcome this problem. These are – - Herbal Remedies - Commercially Available Ear Cleansing Solutions - Treating the Ears with Hydrogen Peroxide - And other Home Remedies How to Clean Dog Ears with Hydrogen Peroxide- The Method To clean dog ears, common household items such as vinegar and hydrogen peroxide can be used. Today we are going to focus on how to clean dog ears with hydrogen peroxide. Make sure that the hydrogen peroxide you are using is at room temperature. Dogs really do not like cold liquid in their ears! Requirements of Cleaning Dog Ears with Hydrogen Peroxide - Hydrogen peroxide - A tablespoon - Cotton balls - A small bowl - And a dry cloth. - Pour 2 tablespoons of hydrogen peroxide (3 percent) into a bowl. - Add an equal amount (i.e.2 tablespoons) of water. Note: Each time you need extra cleaning solution, add 1-part water for every 1-part hydrogen peroxide. - Stir and mix it well. - Dab a cotton ball into the mixture. - Gently rub the damp cotton ball onto the outer rim of your dog’s inner ear by using circular motions is the most efficient way. - Slowly move towards the inside of your dog’s ear with the circular motions. Note: Add a new cotton ball whenever necessary. You want to be removing the wax and grime, not spreading it and restrict yourself just on the outside of your dog’s ear canal. You must AVOID going into your dog’s ear canal! - Once you’re done with circular motions, dampen a new cotton ball and place it in the middle of your dog’s ear. - Flush your dog’s ear around the cotton ball and gently massage. - Repeat the same for the other ear. - Take the dry cloth and dry off your dog’s ears. That’s great! Successfully you’ve cleaned your dog’s ears! You can find more pet advice on how to clean your dogs ears at Mypetzilla. John Howes is the founder of Petcareup “Pet lover & passionate blogger. I love to write about pets. I started this blog to provide advance materials for choosing the right products for your dog.” © Petcareup.com	<urn:uuid:ad8352c0-38c4-44f8-a0db-6f7d82b41cbf>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "url": "http://pgaa.com/cleaning-dogs-ears/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301737.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120100127-20220120130127-00380.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9304497838020325, "token_count": 1304, "score": 2.765625, "int_score": 3 }
IS there lard on Mars? NASA’s Curiosity Rover has detected what may be a fatty acid molecule in the soil of the Red Planet, although it is not clear whether it is biological in origin. The find was presented by David Glavin, who works on the rover’s SAM instrument, at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas, last week. SAM analyses gases released by heating samples of rock, and the results are interpreted by matching the data to compounds analysed on Earth. One SAM reading seems to relate to a type of fatty acid molecule. These are important for life because organisms use them to build cell membranes, but they could have a non-biological origin. Glavin also confirmed previous hints from SAM of an organic compound called chlorobenzene. Again, this might not be a sign of life, but it suggests that complex organic molecules can survive on the surface of Mars, upping the chances of future missions finding microbes if they are there. This article appeared in print under the headline “Martian fat” More on these topics:	<urn:uuid:3165a52b-803e-4207-98cc-751520cfcf0b>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "url": "https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22530143-200-nasas-curiosity-rover-finds-fatty-acids-on-mars/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256997.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523003453-20190523025453-00461.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.939342737197876, "token_count": 227, "score": 3.34375, "int_score": 3 }
Tuesday, May 1, 2012 Tuesday, April 17, 2012 Writing is a creative process that brings together small pieces of the story into a whole big story. This process does not just happen, but through a long process that starts from the determination of the theme, outline, paragraphs, and eventually became a related story from beginning to end. The strength of a story built by small parts that are mutually reinforcing, such as Flat Washers that have a small size, but its function is vital. You can not create a story without foundation. All things have a cause and effect and the beginning and end. To facilitate the creative process, try to collect the fragments of ideas that you can record in a diary and then bundle the pieces into a story that flows and pleasant to read.This way I have tried (including writers weapons techniques) and proven to ease me in preparing a story by the number of pages to 100 pages. Remember! A long journey begins with one step short. Monday, April 16, 2012 To be able to write well, a writer must not only be good at stringing words into a sentence which later developed into a paragraph and eventually became a full story can be read by the reader. In addition, the authors also need "weapons", such as computers and of course lighting. Some writers prefer the secret place and accompanied by a miniature lamps in order to better concentrate on writing. However, there are also writers who need a wide space with great lighting that provides adequate lighting.Whatever your choice in writing, try to keep writing with your heart, because a blind writer can write a good story even without the light.	<urn:uuid:3dd66a26-717f-42b3-9bb0-ef7e60f93d1b>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-22", "url": "http://bagaskara-writer.blogspot.com/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049275412.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002115-00008-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.970542311668396, "token_count": 332, "score": 2.65625, "int_score": 3 }
There are examples of art imitating nature all around us—whether it’s Monet’s pastel Water Lilies or Chihuly’s glassblown Seaforms, the human conception of natural phenomena dazzles but does not often surprise. Yet when associate professor of physics Latika Menon peered under the electron microscope last fall, she discovered the exact opposite. Instead of art imitating nature, she found nature imitating art. Menon grew up in the eastern region of India and was vaguely familiar with a cultural dance from the western state of Rajasthan known as the Bhavai pot dance. Nimble dancers sway their hips as a tall stack of wide-bellied pots balances gingerly atop their heads. Back in the lab at Northeastern, Menon’s team recently created gallium nitride nanowires, which bore a striking resemblance to that stack of pots. What’s more, a postdoctoral research associate in Menon’s lab, Eugen Panaitescu, jumped on the bandwagon with a cultural art reference of his own. Panaitescu, who hails from Romania, also saw his country’s famous Endless Column reflected in the nanowires. Dedicated to the fallen Romanian heroes of World War I, Constantin Brancusi’s 96-foot-tall monolith is constructed of 17 three-dimensional rhombuses, periodically wavering from a wider circumference to a narrower one. But the Northeastern researchers’ nanowires aren’t just notable for their aesthetic appeal. Gallium nitride is used across a range of technologies, including most ubiquitously in light emitting diodes. The material also holds great potential for solar cell arrays, magnetic semiconductors, high-frequency communication devices, and many other things. But these advanced applications are restricted by our limited ability to control the material’s growth on the nanoscale. The very thing that makes Menon’s nanowires beautiful represents a breakthrough in her ability to process them for these novel uses. She deposited onto a silicon substrate small droplets of liquid gold metal, which act as catalysts to grab gaseous gallium nitride from the atmosphere of the experimental system. The net forces between the tiny gold droplet, the solid substrate, and the gas cause the nanowire to grow in a particular direction, she explained. Depending on the size of the gold catalyst, she can create wires that exhibit periodic serrations. “It first tries to grow outward, but that gives the gold a larger surface area,” she said. “So now the wire gets pulled in the inward direction, and then the gold gets a smaller surface area, so it grows outward again.” This inward and outward growth repeated itself again and again to create a periodic structure nearly 6 million times smaller than the endless column and is significantly more promising for its use in advanced devices. “That there is very little implementation of nanowire technology in electronics or optical devices is due to the fact that it’s very hard to control their shape and dimensions,” said Menon. But now that she has a very simple way of controlling growth, the next step is to control the size of the catalytic droplet with which she starts. Another advantage of Menon’s approach is using what Panaitescu called “macroscopic techniques” to create nanoscale materials, thus making it scalable and inexpensive. “We just control a few parameters and then leave it, let it do it’s natural thing,” explained Menon.	<urn:uuid:7d3206db-ce6a-47f6-9abe-550612b26425>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "url": "https://news.northeastern.edu/2013/12/10/menon-nanowires/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056578.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918214805-20210919004805-00545.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.930105447769165, "token_count": 756, "score": 2.75, "int_score": 3 }
This newly released image comes from NASA’s Cassini Spacecraft as it gazed toward the northern hemisphere of Saturn to spy subtle, multi-hued bands in the clouds there. This view looks toward the terminator — the dividing line between night and day — at lower left. The sun shines at low angles along this boundary, in places highlighting vertical structure in the clouds. Some vertical relief is apparent in this view, with higher clouds casting shadows over those at lower altitude. Images taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this natural-color view. The images were acquired on August 31, 2017, at a distance of approximately 700,000 miles (1.1 million kilometers) from Saturn. Image scale is about 4 miles (6 kilometers) per pixel. The Cassini mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA (the European Space Agency) and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the mission for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.	<urn:uuid:9c2ae643-dc71-4396-bb15-ebe6f62e7ca3>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "url": "https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-cassini-spacecraft-views-dreamy-swirls-on-saturn/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202872.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323141433-20190323163433-00150.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9317304491996765, "token_count": 260, "score": 3.46875, "int_score": 3 }
Autism : The Ultimate Handbook to Parenting and Teaching an Autistic Child Overview - Do you want to know how to make life easier, simpler, and better for children affected with Autism Spectrum Disorder using solid strategies and useful information? If your children or someone you know is affected with Autism Spectrum Disease (ASD) you probably know that learning and development is a very big challenge. Read more... New & Used Marketplace 5 copies from $5.98 Customers Also Bought More About Autism by Suzanne Jensen Do you want to know how to make life easier, simpler, and better for children affected with Autism Spectrum Disorder using solid strategies and useful information? If your children or someone you know is affected with Autism Spectrum Disease (ASD) you probably know that learning and development is a very big challenge. Also you may know that children diagnosed with ASD face difficulties in areas like communication, language, repetitive behavior, socialization, and restricted interests. For this reason it is extremely important that the family and caregivers (at home and school) have the appropriate education and knowledge to make life easier, simpler and better for these beloved children. This guide contains the most important information you must know about ASD and its primary objective is to guide and educate the readers about the difficulties and challenges that an autistic child faces every day and how he or she can help them make their days, weeks, months and years smoother. You'll also discover the needs of ASD affected children and great tips for taking care of them; solid strategies for teaching social skills, improving their communication and how you can get involved with them. Finally you will understand that each child has different needs and difficulties. No two children affected with ASD are the same. With the information that this guide provides you, you will have the knowledge to detect and analyze your children's unique needs and you will also have a variety of tips and strategies that you can apply. Why would you want to download this book? Taking care of a child that is affected with ASD is a very important task with a lot of responsibility and sometimes a lot of difficulty. This guide will help you immensely because after reading it you will begin to fully understand the disease and you will have tips that you can start using immediately. With your love, patience and the correct information, you can give your autistic child a much better quality of life. Here is what you'll learn: - What is autism? - Learning needs of ASD affected children - Strategies for teaching social skills - strategies for teaching communication - Parent involvement, IEP and an appropriate space - Much more This item is Non-Returnable.	<urn:uuid:5e0104db-3acb-433a-8c84-c6fa1c5360dc>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47", "url": "http://www.booksamillion.com/p/Autism-Ultimate-Handbook-Parenting-Teaching/Suzanne-Jensen/9781515325116", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039744381.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20181118135147-20181118161147-00197.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9565168619155884, "token_count": 530, "score": 3.15625, "int_score": 3 }
Middle School Math Coloring Puzzles Pdf Pages Christmas Sheet \|Include In Article\| Middle School Coloring Pages \|Published Date\|\|Monday , March 09th 2020\| Coloring. Monday , March 09th 2020. Quote from Middle School Coloring Pages : The Choices in online Children’s Coloring pages, At some websites you’ll find the basic children’s coloring pages that can be printed and colored by hand with crayons, colored pencils, and whatever else. However, you can also find websites that offer interactive coloring pages that require you child to work on the computer itself to fill in the images with colors. Often times, these interactive coloring pages are part of an entire online community and the pages are just one of many things available to do on the website. Rapid Knowledge of things, Like already said picture lessons are easily retained by children more than any other thing. When they have pictures to color (say an animal), they take notice of the lines, shape, form and names. This will help them recognize such picture next time they see it. Easy recognition of things helps build their overall knowledge with time. When the Internet was still pretty new anyone here old enough to remember those days? –only a few websites offered free, printable coloring pages, and most of these merely contained some rough sketches or produced teeny weeny pictures. But today one can find a multitude of websites from which you can print out high-quality coloring sheets on nearly any subject that you can imagine. Builds Creativity, Giving children the liberty of coloring pages to print is a hug opportunity for them to show what they are really made off. Not only is it an avenue to express themselves, it also allows them to come up with different colors they feel could match hereby building and stimulating their creative sense. Any content, trademark/s, or other material that might be found on this site that is not this site property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does LocalHost claim ownership or responsibility for such items and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.	<urn:uuid:dd17ba05-8638-4237-b515-e7d49d700b3e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "url": "https://golfrealestateonline.com/middle-school-coloring-pages/middle-school-math-coloring-puzzles-pdf-pages-christmas-sheet/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487612154.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20210614105241-20210614135241-00556.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9444601535797119, "token_count": 440, "score": 2.6875, "int_score": 3 }
How to Properly Display the American Flag The flag of the United States is much more than just a red, white, and blue cloth. As the symbol of America, it stands for the past, present, and future of our country. It represents our people, our land, and our many ways of life. Traditional guidelines call for displaying the flag in public only from sunrise to sunset. However, the flag may be displayed at all times if it’s illuminated during darkness. The flag should not be subject to weather damage, so it should not be displayed during rain, snow and wind storms unless it is an all-weather flag. It should be displayed often, but especially on national and state holidays and special occasions. See the column at the right for six ways to display the American flag correctly. - When carried in procession with other flags, the U.S. flag should be either on the marching right (the flag’s right) or to the front and center of the flag line. When displayed on a float in a parade, the flag should be hung from a staff or suspended so it falls free. It should not be draped over a vehicle. - When displayed with another flag against a wall from crossed staffs, the U.S. flag should be on its own right (left to a person facing the wall) and its staff should be in front of the other flag’s staff. - In a group of flags displayed from staffs, the U.S. flag should be at the center and the highest point. - When the U.S. flag is displayed other than from a staff, it should be displayed flat, or suspended so that its folds fall free. When displayed over a street, place the union so it faces north or east, depending upon the direction of the street. - When the U.S. flag is displayed from as projecting from a building, the union of the flag should be placed at the peak unless the flag is at half-staff. When suspended from a rope extending from the building on a pole, the flag should be hoisted out, union first from the building. - When flags of states, cities or organizations are flown on the same staff, the U.S. flag must be at the top (except during church services conducted at sea by Navy chaplains).When the flag is worn out or otherwise no longer a fitting emblem for display, it should be destroyed in a dignified way, preferably by burning. If you have a flag that is worn out, you may drop it off at the Crosspointe Community Center and Boy Scout Troop 994 will retire it for you. – Provided by Ethan Maso	<urn:uuid:aedc1561-93c4-47db-94e8-2385fd568323>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "url": "https://crosspointeva.org/how-to-properly-display-the-american-flag/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00121.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.910550594329834, "token_count": 558, "score": 2.8125, "int_score": 3 }
Thursday , March 06, 2014 - 11:49 AM LAS VEGAS -- Drought and demand are pushing the Colorado River beyond its limits - with the needs of more than 40 million people in seven Western states projected to outstrip dwindling supply over the next 50 years, according to an advocacy group's report on endangered rivers released on Wednesday. The annual top-10 list by Washington, D.C.-based American Rivers points to a three-year federal Bureau of Reclamation study that warned last December that the river won't always be able to serve all the residents, businesses, ranchers, Native Americans and farmers who rely upon it. Already, the Colorado River is drained of nearly every drop by the time it reaches Mexico, American Rivers spokeswoman Amy Kober said. The list, produced with Protect the Flows and Nuestro Rio, notes that the Colorado is sometimes called the most controlled and plumbed river on Earth, and has more dams and diversions planned. River water irrigates nearly 4 million acres of farmland, which yield about 15 percent of the nation's crops, and serves as a primary drinking water supply for cities including Denver, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Phoenix. Five trillion gallons a year are siphoned away, ensuring that the river entering Mexico is nothing more than a ghost, according to Gary Wockner, director of Save the Colorado. Yet several projects seek to pull out even more water. ‘‘Utah is the apex of river-destruction projects on the Colorado,” Wockner said, pointing to the proposed Lake Powell pipeline and Green River nuclear-power plant. ‘‘Utah is proposing several pork-barrel water projects ... to prevent other states and ecosystems from using this water. It’s childish, destructive and a waste of money,” added Zach Frankel, executive director of Utah Rivers Council. “Utah is America’s most-wasteful water user and now this waste is impacting the other 35 million people in the basin.” The report lists 10 other rivers at risk from drought, overuse and pollution, including the Flint River in Georgia, the San Saba River in Texas, the Little Plover River in Wisconsin and the Catawba River in the Carolinas. Federal and local officials planned to highlight the threat to the Colorado River at a news conference Wednesday at a marina on the scenic but drought-scarred Lake Mead reservoir behind Hoover Dam. A white "bathtub ring" of minerals stretches more than 100 feet up the rocky shoreline from the current water line to the 1983 high-water mark. Officials say Lake Mead is still about half-full. The listing drew an endorsement from a top Interior Department official, who praised it for "bringing further visibility to the problems facing this critical resource." "The river is the essential foundation to the health and prosperity of the American Southwest." Assistant Interior Secretary for Water and Science Anne Castle said in a statement. It "provides multiple and diverse benefits including water supplies for agriculture and people, outdoor recreation, clean energy generation, and unparalleled ecosystems." Kober noted the Colorado River also topped the America's Most Endangered Rivers list in 1991 and 2004, and made the list in 1992, 1997, 1998 and 2010. Rankings are determined by nomination from river groups and advocates based on the size of the threat, the significance of the waterway to people and nature and whether it can help influence action in the coming year. "The bureau report underscores that there's not enough water to meet demand," Kober said. "No one is going to fix the Colorado River in one year. But we need people to come together and we need Congress to fund efforts like WaterSMART and Title XVI." Title XVI is a Bureau of Reclamation-led water recycling and reuse program. WaterSMART, an acronym for Sustain and Manage America's Resources for Tomorrow, was established in February 2010 to coordinate and encourage the efficient use of water and a blend of hydrologic and energy policies. Castle noted that in addition to completing the 163-page Colorado River Basin Water Supply and Demand Study, the federal government signed a recent supplement to a Colorado River water use treaty with Mexico. It provides for international cooperation to ensure that river water reaches the Gulf of California for the first time in decades. The 1.1 million-acre Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in Minnesota ranked sixth on the Endangered Waters list, followed by the Black Warrior River in Alabama, the Rough and Ready and Baldface creeks in Oregon, the Kootenai River in Canada, Montana and Idaho and the Niobrara River in Nebraska, South Dakota and Wyoming. The Merced River, which flows through Yosemite Valley in California, was added to the list due to concerns that Congress may weaken wild and scenic protections, Kober said. The Scripps Howard News Service contributed to this story. 2013 Top 10 Endangered U.S. RiversNo. 1. Colorado River (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming). Threat: Outdated water management.No. 2. Flint River (Georgia). Threat: Outdated water management.No. 3. San Saba River (Texas). Threat: Outdated water management.No. 4. Little Plover River (Wisconsin). Threat: Outdated water management.No. 5. Catawba River (North Carolina, South Carolina). Threat: Coal-ash pollution.No. 6. Boundary Waters (Minnesota). Threat: Copper- and nickel- mining.No. 7. Black Warrior River (Alabama). Threat: Coal-mining.No. 8. Rough & Ready and Baldface Creeks (Oregon). Threat: Nickel- mining.No. 9. Kootenai River (British Columbia, Montana and Idaho). Threat: Open-pit coal-miningNo. 10. Niobrara River (Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming). Threat: Sediment buildup and flooding.Source: American Rivers Sign up for e-mail news updates.	<urn:uuid:11d7fb4f-1aee-4e3d-9742-d95ffb3924c3>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09", "url": "http://www.standard.net/stories/2013/04/17/group-says-colorado-river-most-endangered", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170562.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00389-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9155664443969727, "token_count": 1247, "score": 2.703125, "int_score": 3 }
Pacific Science Volume 30, Number 1, 1976 Permanent URI for this collection Pacific Science is a quarterly publication devoted to the biological and physical sciences of the Pacific Region. 1 - 7 of 7 ItemThe Hydrogeology and Water Supply Problems in North-Central Chile(University of Hawaii Press, 1976-01)The north-central zone of Chile is described with respect to groundwater supply problems. In this region, groundwater is almost exclusively obtained from the thin alluvium in the main transverse valleys, which descend from the Andes in those sections where the valleys cross the northerly trending "central valley." Because of the steep groundwater gradients prevailing, the groundwater resources are closely related to seasonal recharge. As the area is arid to semiarid and has been showing indications of increasing aridity over the past few years, water supply problems are proving to be a serious development constraint. Throughout the area, many examples of insufficient water supply may be encountered, and the problems of water use management and the utilization for industrial purposes of supplies such as seawater, brines, and sewage are now being considered. ItemAvailability of Drift Materials and the Covering Response of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson)(University of Hawaii Press, 1976-01)Individuals of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) are found covered with a variety of debris. Algae and surf grass often are cover on the aboral surface and are eaten on the oral surface. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus individuals show no tendency to drop their cover at night and assume it again at daybreak. Individuals of this species are more extensively covered in areas of surge activity than they are in tidepools. The materials most frequently used for cover also differ in these two areas. The availability of drift materials is the most important factor in determining the extent of covering and the types of covering materials held by Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. ItemHabitats of Tubicolous Polychaetes from the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll(University of Hawaii Press, 1976-01)Forty-seven species of tube-building polychaetes, belonging to the families Spionidae, Chaetopteridae, Sabellariidae, Terebellidae, Sabellidae, and Serpulidae, were collected from the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll. Eight different habitat types or zones were distinguished, each having a characteristic polychaete fauna. The tidepools of rocky shores support up to 20 species, including the only tubeincubating spirorbine found in Hawaii, Spirorbis marioni. Two of the three known Hawaiian chaetopterids, the large fan worm Sabel/astarte sanctijosephi, and 13 serpulid species occur on reef platforms that lack lush coral growth. Four species of algae were found with associated polychaetes. The greatest number of species was associated with Dictyosphaeria cavernosa, which provides suitable habitats for cryptic and sessile organisms. Live coral heads and the subtidal, fringing reefs apparently have an impoverished tube-worm fauna. Spirobranchus giganteus is the only living serpuline associated with live corals. The hard parts of mobile crustaceans and gastropods reveal a diverse invertebrate fauna, and the species composition of the associated polychaetes reflects that of the surrounding environment. Boat harbors and lagoons have a typically rich fauna due to the introduction of benthic invertebrates on the bottoms of boats. Such habitats remain reservoirs of introduced species, which are important in the geographical distribution of tube worms within the islands. Mercierella enigmatica and other euryhaline polychaetes are found in brackish waters. The unique anchialine pond systems of lava flows on Maui and Hawaii have discrete polychaete faunas and physical characteristics influenced by a freshwater lens. Six serpulids and a sabellariid were dredged from depths of 200 to 600 meters off Oahu and Molokai. ItemStructure and Biological Dynamics of the Oligotrophic Ocean Photic Zone off the Hawaiian Islands(University of Hawaii Press, 1976-01)The base of the photic zone, as defined by the 1-percent light depth and discontinuance of photosynthetic carbon fixation, was determined to be at 130140 meters on stations off the Hawaiian Islands. Measurements, including radiant energy transmission, plant nutrients, and chlorophylls, were made in the depth interval 0-250 meters. The numerical vertical abundance, biomass, and the identity of phytoplankton, microzooplankton, bacteria, and fungi were determined. A discussion of the biological dynamics within this photic zone is based on these observations and on measurements of photosynthetic production, nitrogen fixation, and other microbial activities. ItemNew Species of Hawaiian Plants Collected by David Nelson in 1779 Hawaiian Plant Studies 52(University of Hawaii Press, 1976-01) ItemBiography of David Nelson, and an Account of His Botanizing in Hawaii(University of Hawaii Press, 1976-01) Item30:1 Table of Contents - Pacific Science(University of Hawaii Press, 1976-01)	<urn:uuid:5b55d053-ea31-4894-ab4b-338a54dddb10>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "url": "https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/collections/dca6f0da-ab24-46e8-8528-2146c2d21690", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648858.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602204755-20230602234755-00290.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8993567228317261, "token_count": 1115, "score": 2.90625, "int_score": 3 }
Last year, New York City’s Comptroller Scott Stringer released a bleak report: between 2000 and 2012, New York’s median rent skyrocketed 75 percent. Median household income, meanwhile, decreased by 5 percent. New Yorkers now are making less money but paying more to live in the city than they were a decade ago. These numbers are extreme, but they highlight a dangerous trend in American cities: housing is becoming increasinglydifficult to afford. In many cases, high prices are disrupting longstanding city communities, and even forcing low-income residents out of their neighborhoods. There’s no magic solution to the problem. But in addition to finding funds and space for more affordable housing, one often-overlooked strategy, many experts agree, is improving city transportation. How can changing the way people get around a city make it easier for them to afford to live there? In advance of the Zócalo/Metro event “Can Transit Make Housing More Affordable?” we asked people who study, write about, and are deeply engaged in urban development: How can new transit projects make more affordable housing? Connect people to the cities they live and work in If we’re going to get serious about fixing the housing affordability problem in high-priced markets such as Southern California, smarter land use and access to transportation are key. The 20th-century formula of finding cheap land further and further away from employment centers no longer works, as commute times—and expenses—have soared to the point where an affordable home or apartment outside the city can actually cost more in the end. Transit-oriented developments are key to changing all of that because they allow for greater density, encourage public transportation, and create business and economic opportunities along the transit corridors. And, of course, they connect people and jobs. We’re seeing a number of examples of this throughout the Los Angeles area, particularly along some of the light-rail systems that have been put into play during the past decade. Land that doesn’t fit our traditional definition of “residential use” is being converted to dynamic, multidimensional communities within communities. Accessible transportation is at the core of all great cities, and the nexus between it and housing affordability has always been strong. Just as our challenges have become more complex, so have our opportunities. Promoting housing and transit not as separate entities, but as interlocked elements of our American dream, will allow us to move in a bold, new, great direction. Make housing more accessible In many cities, transit enters a neighborhood, and housing prices rise. These rising prices are encouraging because they demonstrate that transit is providing a service that people want—a service that they’re voting for with their feet and their pocketbooks. But while price increases help property owners and schools, they typically aren’t helpful to renters and low-income residents. Adding bus or rail transit service to neighborhoods increases the housing supply accessible by high-quality transit. Allowing for greater density around transit stations increases housing supply, too. This link between housing and transit is made very clear by the “Location Affordability Portal” developed by the United States Department of Transportation and the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The portal’s “Cost Calculator” provides estimates of housing and transportation expenses at the neighborhood level to help consumers know what they can afford to pay. Living near transit saves on transportation costs so that money can be used for housing. Location-efficient mortgages increase the borrowing limits for people who reside near transit, and can also make some housing more affordable by shifting transportation spending to housing. Transit agencies from Los Angeles to Atlanta are setting goals for housing affordability on land that they own near transit stations. Density bonuses, inclusionary zoning, and housing subsidies are all options as well. While there is no single silver bullet, it is clear that transit makes housing more affordable. Combat longstanding inequalities Major transportation and urban renewal projects have a history of displacing communities of color, leaving behind disinvested neighborhoods. Racialized housing patterns, investment practices, and public infrastructure projects have helped solidify systemic structures of household wealth and poverty for multiple generations. The introduction of new transit networks in cities is a once in a lifetime opportunity to address this history of inequities and its ongoing impacts in our communities. While the increased desirability of neighborhoods with new transit is revitalizing areas that have seen little private investment for decades, this desirability is also increasing housing costs for existing residents and displacing long-established communities. Supportive public policies like inclusionary zoning, value capture, community benefits agreements, and zoning to accommodate greater density all can help ensure private development creates more affordable housing alongside the transit investment. The private market alone will not produce equitable outcomes. Public investments are critical to achieving community stability during the periods of neighborhood change that often accompany new transit investments. Nonprofit organizations accountable to the community must build affordable housing that meets the needs of existing residents. Land acquisition funds, local housing gap financing, publicly owned land, and tax credits are some of the resources that can be targeted for areas anticipating new transit. Leveraging transit investment to achieve equitable outcomes requires making affordable housing investments ahead of market pressures, planning in partnership with the communities most impacted by neighborhood change, and organizing comprehensive community development strategies, such as stabilizing culturally distinct small business districts and strengthening nonprofit cultural organizations. Increase travel options Two rules of thumb in home economics class were that housing shouldn’t cost more than a quarter of income, and no one should ever go into debt for an automobile. But today, housing and transportation costs are skyrocketing. Even when a house on cheap exurban land may seem like a good deal—because the high costs of traveling from a disconnected place to work every day can completely eat up those apparent savings. Today, we are returning to the city, but we’ve skimped on providing enough travel options to make transportation affordable. My organization recently used our H+T Index to take a look at the amount the average-income household pays for transportation each year, and we found that many are spending more than $10,000. These costs are predominantly for owning and operating personal motor vehicles. Parking spaces for these vehicles takes up room we could otherwise use for a more compact form of community. Thankfully, hundreds of regions have begun to adopt a definition of “affordability” that includes the costs of both housing and transportation. Several have gone even further, such as the San Francisco Bay Area, where the region’s Metropolitan Transportation Commission now has an official goal to lower the combined cost of housing and transportation for low- and moderate-income families by 10 percent. Other ways cities and towns are trying to build location-efficient places include improving regional transit service, reforming zoning and increasing the frequency and connectivity of existing transit, including buses, trains, and shared-use mobility like bike sharing and ride-hailing. Transportation options are growing in L.A. and in many other regions across the country. People are even voting for taxes to gain that choice—they’re recognizing the need for investment. As cities successfully revitalize, density and activity go up, and so must the public investment in infrastructure that enables this happy outcome. Recognize benefits aren’t evenly distributed, and change tax policies If transit is reasonably well-planned and implemented, it will make housing more accessible to socio-economic activity, including commercial business. This increases housing’s value and price, which makes it seem less affordable to residents. But because residents don’t need to own so many automobiles, they’ll have more disposable income. At the societal level,, if a transit system is extensive enough to change the economic geography of an area, it can provide greater density of development, and so increase productivity and job growth. Reduced levels of pollution from automobiles would improve quality of life. Even though the apparent effect is more expensive housing, this housing is more affordable because the net benefits to the population are higher. Residents can more easily access growing job opportunities, for instance. Still, for people in these areas not able to take advantage of improved accessibility, the effect can be experiencing the higher costs, but not the improved benefits, which could lead to their displacement. As an example, in the Boston metropolitan area, overall auto ownership costs are reduced by more than the cost of the transit system. Congestion costs and pollution levels are lower than they would otherwise be. Densities are higher in business districts, agglomeration benefits are real, and job numbers are up. At the same time, net benefits are not uniformly distributed in the city. The tax system that provides the public subsidies to support transit service is primarily a statewide sales tax. If the tax system was changed to instead assess costs upon the regions with the most tangible benefits, and rely more heavily on taxes on enhanced property values, and on income and corporate taxes, equity could improve. Fred Salvucci is senior lecturer at MIT’s department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. He served as Secretary of Transportation of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts under Governor Michael Dukakis between 1975 and 1978 and again from 1983 to 1990.	<urn:uuid:97db7ffe-092d-4f30-b892-21bdc2aa3ff5>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-51", "url": "http://www.publicceo.com/2015/06/can-more-public-transportation-solve-the-housing-crisis/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948596051.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20171217132751-20171217154751-00566.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.954378068447113, "token_count": 1897, "score": 2.734375, "int_score": 3 }
YOUNGSTERS from primary schools across Cheshire East are being encouraged to think up new ways to save energy. Year Five pupils came up with simple but effective methods such as switching out lights and turning off computers when not in use. The ideas were discussed during several training sessions held at venues across South Cheshire. Primary schools nominated their own junior energy monitors and junior recycling monitors to generate ideas among the children. Council strategic director John Nicholson said: “Our target is to reduce carbon emissions by 30% in five years. Schools in Cheshire East account for 45% of our emissions so we have a long way to go. “But we want to nurture a culture of caring for our environment in young people and these training sessions are a fun and effective way to get the message through.” Sixty schools across the area have signed up to the junior energy monitors scheme.	<urn:uuid:605ae14a-247a-4268-ab37-96aed9553978>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "url": "https://www.crewechronicle.co.uk/news/local-news/south-cheshire-pupils-generate-energy-5609133", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00791.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9619672894477844, "token_count": 183, "score": 2.640625, "int_score": 3 }
—Excerpted from Mother Nature Network Trees are essential for our health and the health of the planet. Here are just a few reasons why trees are important: - They help us breathe—Forests pump out the oxygen we need to live and absorb the carbon dioxide we exhale (or emit). Just one adult leafy tree can produce as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in a year. - They’re more than just trees—Nearly half of all known species live in forests, including 80 percent of biodiversity on land. Forests teem with life around the planet: Bugs and worms work nutrients into soil, bees and birds spread pollen and seeds, and keystone species like wolves and big cats keep hungry herbivores in check. - People live there, to—Some 300 million people live in forests worldwide, including an estimated 60 million indigenous people. Many millions more live along or near forest fringes, but even just a scattering of urban trees can raise property values and lower crime. - They keep Earth cool—Trees absorb CO2 that fuels global warming. Plants always need some CO2 for photosynthesis, but Earth’s air is now so thick with extra emissions that forests fight global warming just by breathing. CO2 is stored in wood, leaves and soil, often for centuries. - They make it rain—Large forests can influence regional weather patterns and even create their own microclimates. The Amazon, for example, generates atmospheric conditions that not only promote regular rainfall there and in nearby farmland, but potentially as far away as the Great Plains of North America. - They clean up dirty soil—In addition to holding soil in place, forests may also use phytoremediation to clean out certain pollutants. Trees can either sequester the toxins away or degrade them to be less dangerous. - They feed us—Not only do trees provide fruits, nuts, seeds and sap, but they also enable a cornucopia near the forest floor, from edible mushrooms, berries and beetles to larger game like deer, turkeys, rabbits and fish. - They help us explore and relax—Our innate attraction to forests is part of a phenomenon known as “biophilia.” Exposure to forests has been shown to boost creativity, suppress ADHD, speed up recovery, and encourage meditation and mindfulness. It may even help us live longer. For many more reasons to appreciate trees, go to Mother Nature Network, 21 Reasons Why Trees are Important by Russell McLendon	<urn:uuid:fda9c5ba-b660-47e2-8aa1-ac008166c5e0>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "url": "https://dawnpub.com/8-reasons-trees-are-terrific/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865809.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523200115-20180523220115-00512.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9459763765335083, "token_count": 516, "score": 3.78125, "int_score": 4 }
LONDON — Sober? That doesn’t necessarily mean that you’ll pass a drug test, a new study finds. That’s because one in every eight people are walking around with traces of cocaine on their hands — and there’s a good chance they have no idea where it came from. Researchers at the University of Surrey in the UK recently tested the fingerprints of 65 volunteers, 50 of whom reported not using drugs, to determine whether regular citizens could mistakenly test positive. Perhaps so: 13 percent of participants who self-reported being clean had traces of cocaine on their fingertips, while another one percent had minute levels — about one metabolite — of heroin, the researchers found. A subsequent part of the experiment had the group’s drug-free volunteers shake hands with its drug-using subset, which allowed the researchers to analyze the sober volunteers’ fingerprints afterwards. The fingerprint analysis showed that tests could still reliably differentiate between actual use and secondary contact, findings that law enforcement could use in criminal proceedings. In case you’re wondering, that magic cut-off point is one metabolite. “Believe it or not, cocaine is a very common environmental contaminant— it is well known that it is present on many bank notes. Even so, we were surprised that it was detected in so many of our fingerprint samples,” says researcher Dr. Melanie Bailey, a lecturer in forensic analysis, in a university media release. “[However], we can give those tested the piece-of-mind of knowing that whatever the result of the test may be, it was not affected by their everyday activities or shaking hands with someone that had taken drugs.” The results held true even after participants washed their hands. Although most drug tests are still done through more traditional means, such as blood or urine, the researchers firmly believe that fingerprint testing is the wave of the future. “There are many factors that set fingerprint testing apart — it’s non-invasive, easy to collect and you have the ability to identify the donor by using the sample,” explains Mahado Ismail, the study’s lead author. “Our study will help to add another robust layer to fingerprint drug testing.” Ismail et al. published their findings in the Sept. 2017 edition of the journal Clinical Chemistry. - Cocaine Use Linked To Unsafe Sex, Study Finds - Study: Deep Brain Stimulation Helps Combat Heroin Addiction - Psychedelic Drugs May Reduce Criminal Behavior, Study Finds - Controversial Study Finds Fingerprint Evidence Scientifically Lacking - Could Low-Cost Fentanyl Testing Strips Help Curb The Deadly Opioid Epidemic?	<urn:uuid:c8889d67-5312-4ee5-ac96-2a54128c3e5a>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-39", "url": "https://www.studyfinds.org/one-eight-people-cocaine-hands-even-drug-free/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267158691.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180922201637-20180922222037-00129.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9452036023139954, "token_count": 567, "score": 2.796875, "int_score": 3 }
Mark Zellner Information system and organizations influence other, as well as medicines factors of the organization such as structure, business processes, polities, culture, surroundings environment and management decisions. An organization over time has a set procedure of social workings and responsibilities that can be abruptly changed and disrupted with the change of the introduction of new technology and information systems. The technical and behavioral definition of organization complement each other, the technical definition tell us how thousands of firms in competitive markets combine, labor, and information technology to create output where the behavioral market take us inside the individual firms to see how that technology affects the organization inner workings All firms over time create routines, or standers operations procedures, which are praise rules procedures, and practices that have seen developed to cope with virtually all expected situation as these routines become more efficient, they are more productive and it reduces cost aka business cost. For some jobs, it's better to employ technology than to employ a person. Technology can reduce costs and This is the end of the preview. Sign up access the rest of the document. This note was uploaded on 03/24/2010 for the course CIS 360 taught by Professor Staff during the Spring '08 term at N. Arizona.	<urn:uuid:fb62af0c-bc76-4ef8-b892-3bda1113b7ac>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-26", "url": "https://www.coursehero.com/file/5825737/CH3/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320264.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624152159-20170624172159-00702.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9512494206428528, "token_count": 245, "score": 2.953125, "int_score": 3 }
A recipe for, and overview of, mead Mead is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water, and frequently fruits, spices, grains or hops. (Hops act as a preservative and produce a bitter, beer-like flavor.) The alcoholic content of mead may range from about 8% ABV to more than 20%. The defining characteristic of mead is that the majority of the beverage’s fermentable sugar is derived from honey. It may be still, carbonated, or naturally sparkling, and it may be dry, semi-sweet, or sweet. Mead is known from many sources of ancient history throughout Europe, Africa and Asia. “It can be regarded as the ancestor of all fermented drinks,” Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat has speculated, “antedating the cultivation of the soil.” Hornsey considers archaeological evidence of it ambiguous, however McGovern and other archaeological chemists consider the presence of beeswax markers and gluconic acid, in the presence of other substances known to ferment, to be reasonably conclusive evidence of the use of honey in ancient fermented beverages. Claude Lévi-Strauss makes a case for the invention of mead as a marker of the passage “from nature to culture.” Mead has played an important role in the beliefs and mythology of some peoples. One such example is the Mead of Poetry, a mead of Norse mythology crafted from the blood of the wise being Kvasir which turns the drinker into a poet or scholar. The terms “mead” and “honey-wine” are often used synonymously.	<urn:uuid:f3e12754-fb93-4c08-95a8-b4eec45f7af6>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "url": "https://www.janeausten.co.uk/tag/mead/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250589861.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20200117152059-20200117180059-00445.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.958938479423523, "token_count": 346, "score": 3.140625, "int_score": 3 }
Warren Harding is known as the 29th president of the United States. He became head of the office starting from the year 1921, to that of 1923. This occurred prior to his passing because of heart attack. A tenfold of criminal activities somehow overshadowed the presidency of Harding. This is true and it mostly involves the cabinet members of the whole government. What was alarming though is that this happened without him being directly involved at any. These are just among the many Warren G Harding facts that most individuals should learn about. Harding was once a successful newspaper publisher. He was also a Republican and Ohio native. He also served as one of the legislatures in the US Senate. In the year 1920, he triumphed in the general election. This transpired through a landslide. This promised and vowed for a return to normalcy afterwards. This was the case right after the hardships and struggles on the World War I from the year 1914 to 1918. As a president, he was in favor of pro-business policies and he even limit immigration. Harding died in San Francisco during 1923. With this, the presidency was succeeded by then Vice President Calvin Coolidge. This was from 1872 to 1933. After the death of Harding, there was a Teapot Dome Scandal and even other instances where in corruption was seen to exist. All of these damaged his reputation. As mentioned above, Harding was a Republican. He started his entire political career in winning the election. This was in 1898 and this was the time when he took over the Ohio senate. He served the office until the year 1903 came in. He became the lieutenant governor of Ohio from 1904 to 1906. However, he suddenly lost his bid for the governorship eyed for in that of 1910. Just two years after, he became a part of the national spotlight. This was directed in the Republican National Convention where in a speech was given and President William Taft was nominated. This was in 1921 when the presidential inauguration happened. It was congenial Harding who had a career which was undistinguishable in the Senate. There were high protective tariffs supported. All of these opposed the plan of President Woodrow Wilson for the League of Nations. As a conciliator, Harding stood his ground for issues. The delegates of the Republican National Convention in 1920 deadlocked the choice concerning the presidential nominee. This selected Harding to be a compromise candidate. During that time, Calvin Coolidge was still the governor of Massachusetts. He was then elected as the vice president who became the running mate. James Cox, a democrat, and the then governor of Ohio became a presidential candidate. Franklin Roosevelt was still the former assistant secretary. This was directed towards the Navy. All of these were picked as the running mate. After the World War I, there were social changes in that of the Progressive Era. There was a return to normalcy during that time too. A campaign was conducted with this.	<urn:uuid:15995cb1-bba5-43c4-b690-12907295ba0e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-43", "url": "http://www.snailbyte.com/2017/07/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820930.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017072323-20171017092323-00048.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.992737352848053, "token_count": 590, "score": 3.75, "int_score": 4 }
All Documents and Media \|Hitchcock Foundation Lectures: "Chemical Bonds in Biology" January 17, 1983. University of California, Berkeley. Early Investigations of the Structure and Properties of Hemoglobin. (1:49) Get the Flash Player to see this audio player. Download Audio File (Mp3) File to Your Computer Linus Pauling: Then Warren Weaver said, "the Rockefeller Foundation isn't really interested in the sulfide minerals, what we are interested in is biology." So that sank in for a while... I remember those beautiful red crystals of hemoglobin, and in fact I had written a paper on the sigmoid equilibrium constant of hemoglobin with oxygen -- a theoretical paper. That was my beginning in the protein field. So I had an idea, and I applied for a grant to study the magnetic properties of hemoglobin. This was eighty-seven years, I think, after the last work had been done. Faraday wrote in his diary, "Have measured the magnetic susceptibility of old dried blood. Must try recent fluid blood." So, we got the grant. And Charles Coryell and I borrowed an old discarded balance from the sophomore analytical lab and drilled a hole in it and hung a tube from it; borrowed a magnet from Mt. Wilson Observatory, and measured the susceptibility of hemoglobin. Venous blood and arterial blood. And to our astonishment there was a big difference in susceptibility; magnetic properties of venous blood and arterial blood. Very interesting consequences of the magnetic properties significance for the structure of hemoglobin. ClipCreator: Linus Pauling Associated: Warren Weaver, Michael Faraday, Charles Coryell Clip ID: 1983v.1-earlywork Full WorkCreator: Linus Pauling Associated: University of California, Berkeley Date: January 17, 1983 Copyright: More Information	<urn:uuid:556ad641-ce19-45ab-bc81-ee4bab062613>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48", "url": "http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/specialcollections/coll/pauling/blood/audio/1983v.1-earlywork.html", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164036407/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133356-00048-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8857700824737549, "token_count": 398, "score": 2.75, "int_score": 3 }
Origin: Baby Lingo – shee shee stands for the act of passing urine. The phrase shee shee is usually used on toddlers. It is used to ask the toddlers if they want to urinate. The continuous whistling “shee” sound with a short interval pause is used to urge the toddler to urinate. Parents to toddler: “Ah boy do you want to shee shee? Come boy, I whistle for you to pass urine ah…sheeeeeee…..sheeeeeeeee“	<urn:uuid:7118faa9-ca54-43d2-8964-d5c369bc42d4>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "url": "http://www.singlish.net/shee-shee/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224652207.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230606013819-20230606043819-00121.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.908107340335846, "token_count": 120, "score": 2.609375, "int_score": 3 }
Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters Career Video Description: Set up, operate, or tend woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, and wood nailing machines. May operate CNC equipment. The wood products we use every day— furniture, kitchen cabinets, musical instruments, and more— are produced by highly skilled woodworkers. Woodworkers make wood products from lumber and synthetic wood materials. The modern woodworking trade is highly technical; while some continue to work with traditional methods in small workshops, most woodworkers use automated machinery, such as computerized numerical control —or CNC—machines, working in high-production assembly line facilities. Machine woodworkers set up the equipment, cut and shape wooden parts, and verify dimensions. They apply fasteners and adhesives and assemble the parts into finished units. To complete a piece, they install hardware, and fit products for glass, metal trims, electrical components, and stone. Finally, they sand, and apply finishes. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters make wood pieces, and design custom cabinets to customers’ specifications, then build and install them. Furniture finishers do the finishing work of staining, sealing, and top coating wooden products. They also refinish furniture, and may work with antiques to preserve and repair them. Workers may handle heavy materials and be exposed to noise and dust. Injuries occur at a higher rate than in many other jobs. Protective gear, including safety glasses, respirators, and hearing protection devices, are worn for many jobs. Most woodworkers work full time during regular business hours. A high school diploma or equivalent is typically required for woodworkers. Full proficiency may take several years of on-the-job training.	<urn:uuid:c5ebadff-24a3-4355-8cd2-48579cb1a551>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-04", "url": "https://www.careeronestop.org/videos/careeronestop-videos.aspx?videocode=51704200", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583897417.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123044447-20190123070447-00315.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9383019804954529, "token_count": 366, "score": 2.859375, "int_score": 3 }
James Monroe's second inauguration In 1821, March 4 fell on a Sunday for the first time that presidential inaugurations had been observed. Although his previous term had expired on Saturday, the President waited until the following Monday, upon the advice of Chief Justice Marshall, before going to the newly rebuilt Hall of the House of Representatives to take the oath of office. Because the weather was cold and wet, the ceremonies were conducted indoors. The change in the location caused some confusion, and many visitors and dignitaries were unable to find a place to stand inside the building.	<urn:uuid:c24095c2-aa9a-4673-bc1e-217a30b4dc87>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-30", "url": "https://worldhistoryproject.org/1821/3/5/james-monroes-second-inauguration", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525414.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190717221901-20190718003901-00375.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.986856997013092, "token_count": 115, "score": 3.109375, "int_score": 3 }
At the center of the Milky Way lies a mysterious object of enormous mass, generally believed to be a black hole. All the gas, dust and stars in the galaxy, including our solar system, orbit this central point, called Sagittarius A* (pronounced "A-star"). This area is obscured by huge clouds of dust, but it can be seen in the radio wavelengths, which easily pass through the clutter (VLA image above). We can measure how fast our solar system is moving by observing how Sgr A* changes in relation to a very distant object, outside the Milky Way. This is comparable to riding a carousel and watching the scenery glide behind the center support. It is neither the background nor the carousel support that actually move, but the rotation of the observer which causes this effect. In this case, the movement of the sun causes the apparent position of Sgr A* to change. The experiment uses the quasars 1745-283 and 1748-291 (named for their locations in our sky) as fixed points, and compares the apparent change in position of Sgr A* to those points (see this image, left panel). After observations over the course of two years, the results (right panel) indicate that the Sun takes 226 million years to circle the galaxy. The experiment also lends credence to the theory that Sgr A* is in fact a supermassive black hole, because the mass and density required to cause this movement are far beyond that of common objects, such as stars or pulsars. Investigator(s): J. H. Zhao (VLA image), M. Reid et al. (VLBA data) This image is available in the following downloadable versions: - 500 x 403 - 720 x 580 - 673 x 489 If you would like to obtain a higher resolution version of this image, - Up one level for more info on - For unfamiliar terms, visit the NRAO Date of Observation Type of Observation Center of Image RA: 17:43:15.00, Dec: -28:52:0.00 (J2000) - Astronomical database entries for Sgr A - Query for more Sgr A data SEARCH THE IMAGE GALLERY\| To search the Image Gallery for other images of Sgr A, click the Submit button. To search the Image Gallery for similar images, click the Submit button. For more search options, please use our form.	<urn:uuid:b1b00403-904c-4b18-8751-cb3e9c8bda20>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "url": "http://images.nrao.edu/object/index.php?id=432", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891815500.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180224073111-20180224093111-00212.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8548916578292847, "token_count": 517, "score": 4, "int_score": 4 }
Just Released: “Back-to-School Guide for Safer School Supplies” August 14, 2012 Vermont Schools are Safer but Hidden Dangers Remain in Common Montpelier, VT – As Vermont families get into back-to-school mode, a group of public health and consumer advocates is releasing a guide to help inform parents of the hidden dangers from toxic chemicals in common back-to-school products. According to the Vermont Public Interest Research Group, state legislation passed earlier this year will help to ensure that less toxic products are used in schools starting this fall. But while the school setting is getting safer, children may still be at risk of exposure to harmful toxins in common school supplies due to inadequate state and federal regulations. “VPIRG’s ‘Back-To-School Guide for Safer School Supplies’ helps parents steer clear of potentially dangerous products – but ultimately we need to work toward a future where untested and unsafe chemicals never land on store shelves in the first place,” said Lauren Hierl, environmental health advocate for VPIRG. “Although the State of Vermont has in recent years banned several toxic chemicals – like bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and lead from specific consumer products, many back-to-school supplies still contain toxic chemicals.” Vermont’s Green Cleaning law (S. 92) requires cleaning supply manufacturers to sell only environmentally-preferable cleaning products to schools in Vermont. According to Carol Westinghouse, President of Informed Green Solutions, “Prior to the passage of the Green Cleaning legislation, many schools had already begun the transition to safer cleaning products, but some schools were lagging behind in the process. With passage of this law, all children, teachers and staff in Vermont schools are now protected from exposure to hazardous cleaning chemicals – an estimated 48 pounds per custodian per year.” “Providing a healthy environment for our kids is critical to their development. Using green cleaning products in schools provides kids with healthier school buildings as they begin this school year! The Senate Education Committee is proud of its work with VPIRG to pass the law that made this possible,” said Senator Ginny Lyons, Chair of the Senate Natural Resources and Energy Committee and Vice Chair of the Senate Education Committee. Despite the Green Cleaning law’s passage in January of this year, there are still hidden dangers on nearly all back-to-school store shelves. This danger is magnified by the fact that there are now over 80,000 chemicals being used in everyday products in the U.S. “Because potentially risky chemicals remain in products as common as lunch boxes, binders and even paper clips, parents need to know about safer options when purchasing back-to-school supplies for their kids”, says Lindsay DesLauriers of Voices for Vermont’s Children. “I’m glad to see progress, but as a mom and nurse, I’m dismayed that chemicals known to have adverse developmental affects on children are still present in everyday products. We’re gambling with our children’s health and have no idea what the impact will be. I’m not OK with that and urge our elected officials to protect future generations by reforming our failed system” said Susan Paris of the group, Mama Says. Heidi Klein of the Vermont Public Health Association (VtPHA) added, “Public health takes the common sense approach that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. If we are able to prevent exposure to potentially harmful substances by using effective substitutes we have a sensible and health-protective approach. This is especially important with products in our children’s lives, like school cleaning agents and supplies, as we know that developing minds and bodies are more susceptible and sensitive to toxic exposures. We are on the right path in Vermont. VtPHA supports further efforts to test everyday products with chemical components that have not yet been fully tested for safety and to take a precautionary approach by assuming they might be harmful until proven otherwise.” Until our broken toxic chemical regulations are addressed at the state or federal level, parents can use VPIRG’s new ‘Back-to-School Guide for Safer School Supplies’ to help them choose healthier and safer products for their children as they head into a new school year. # # #	<urn:uuid:d450c9cf-bc19-4c4d-b824-77f64a9a046d>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "url": "http://www.vpirg.org/news/just-released-back-to-school-guide-to-safer-school-supplies/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709906749/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131146-00055-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9573255777359009, "token_count": 920, "score": 2.71875, "int_score": 3 }
Women with a fast food craving could be hurting their fertility for a burger and fries fix. According to a new study, eating too much fast food may prolong the time it takes to become pregnant. When researchers looked at the diets of about 5,600 women from Australia, the U.K., Ireland, and New Zealand, they found that consuming fast food extended the time it took to conceive — but eating extra fruit appeared to speed up the process. The study was conducted by a team at the University of Adelaide’s Robinson Research Institute in Australia. The data was collected between 2004 and 2011. Of all the couples, 8 percent were infertile, which was classified as taking longer than one year to conceive. Of the women, 39 percent became pregnant within one month. Compared with women who consumed fruit three or more times a day, women who ate fruit less than one to three times a month took a half a month longer to become pregnant. Eating less fruit increased their infertility risk from 8 percent to 12 percent. Women who consumed fast food four or more times a week took about a month longer to get pregnant compared with those who never or rarely ate fast food. Those who ate more fast food boosted their infertility risk from 8 percent to 16 percent. Women under 35 are advised to see a doctor if they haven’t conceived after a year. But if fast food intake prolongs the time it takes to conceive, those women could undertake fertility treatments needlessly, in theory. (Women over 35 should have a fertility evaluation and consider treatment after six months of trying unsuccessfully.) What you eat — even before baby — matters Dr. Serena Chen, a fertility specialist with Saint Barnabas Medical Center in New Jersey, said the study complements recent researched published in that emphasized the importance of preconception health — something that’s a “completely new way of thinking for modern western medicine.” Men and women need to focus on better eating in general — especially prior to conception. While eating fast food may impact the time it takes a woman to become pregnant, it also puts the mother in poorer health, she said. “This type of care [preconception health] is discouraged and often not covered by our current healthcare system,” she said. “We are paying the price in higher rates of childhood obesity and increased risks for maternal morbidity and mortality.” Sharon Palmer, RDN, a dietitian from California, agreed with Chen. “Previous research has suggested that to optimize fertility one should have a nutritionally balanced diet with limited refined foods, plenty of fruits and vegetables, healthy fats, and healthy protein sources. This is pretty much opposite of the Western diet, which is high in fast foods, processed foods, unhealthful protein choices, and refined carbohydrates.” Palmer said the study out of Australia is another recent one that hopefully will start to get doctors and couples thinking about a new approach to healthy eating for optimal fertility. Fast food swaps for better fertility Don’t want to skip fast food? You don’t have to give up your McDonald’s addiction completely, but you can make some smarter choices when eating on the go — especially if you’re trying to conceive, said Stephanie McKercher, RDN, a dietitian from Colorado. Here are some fast food swap ideas from Lyssie Lakatos, RDN, and Tammy Lakatos Shames, RDN, twin dietitians from New York. - McDonald’s. Try the Southwest grilled chicken salad. It’s only 350 calories, whereas many fast food meals are more than 1,000. That’s almost as many calories as some small women should get in the entire day. The salad’s crunchy and flavorful and contains tomatoes, black beans, and roasted corn, which boost nutrient intake. With 37 grams of protein, it’ll keep you satisfied. We recommend skipping the dressing which adds another 120 calories, and you won’t miss it. This is a meal we’d order if we’re in a pinch or traveling. - Chick-fil-A. Many of our clients ask for sandwiches at lunch because they feel more satisfied after eating one, so we’d recommend the Chicken Sandwich without the honey-roasted BBQ sauce. “You get a large fruit cup with it, all for a reasonable 400 calories,” they said. It has 30 grams of satisfying protein and only 3.5 grams of fat, one is saturated. - Taco Bell. We typically recommend the Power Bowl, but sans rice. “The sodium tends to be a bit high, but without the rice the calories stay in check and most of the bowls pack in nutrients from beans, tomatoes, avocado, and chicken,” they said. Without the rice the calories can come down to about 320 calories with 28 grams of protein to keep you satisfied.	<urn:uuid:70f4cc79-4fde-4fa0-9027-b747fa5c347e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "url": "https://www.healthline.com/health-news/boost-your-fertility-give-up-fast-food", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912201455.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20190318152343-20190318174343-00006.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9579588174819946, "token_count": 1029, "score": 2.75, "int_score": 3 }
TranscriptDr. Mayzik Skin cancer is a disease in which abnormal skin cells multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors. In the United States, skin cancer is the most common form of cancer. Skin cancers are often classified as either non-melanoma or melanoma. Non-melanoma cancers are more common than melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common nonmelanoma skin cancers, and they usually develop on the head, face, neck, hands, and arms, but they can occur anywhere on the body. Although melanoma is less common, it is more likely to invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body than non-melanoma cancers. Most skin cancer deaths are caused by melanoma. Both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers and their treatments can damage surrounding tissue, leading to scars and possible disfigurement. However, when skin cancer is identified and treated early, survival rates are quite high.	<urn:uuid:b7bdb8f7-1120-4c71-80ce-1203fc2a9f3e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "url": "https://skincancer.cemmlibrary.org/What-Is-Skin-Cancer/What-Is-Skin-Cancer", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107876307.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20201021093214-20201021123214-00460.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9545971155166626, "token_count": 202, "score": 3.65625, "int_score": 4 }
AHA Says Eat Margarine and Fake Eggs What does the American Heart Association recommend to people with high cholesterol and high triglycerides? - Instead of butter, eat margarine. - Instead of eggs, eat egg substitutes. - Enjoy the following snacks: Fat-free or low-fat cookies, crackers, low-fat potato chips; baked goods, such as cookies, cakes and pies, and pie crusts made with unsaturated oil or soft margarines, egg whites or egg substitutes, and fat-free milk. AHA recommends eating pudding made with fat-free or low-fat milk. The American Heart Association says that the “bad” fats are saturated fats and trans fats, yet their recipes and food recommendations contain ingredients with trans fats. The AHA recipe called “Modern Tuna-Pasta Casserole” has pasta, low-sodium crackers, and low-fat cream of chicken soup. Interesting that Campbell’s (one of AHA’s partners) happens to make this soup and it has Monosodium glutamate and vegetable oils. We can only guess – GMO soy? This is a product resulting from the chemical redesign of milk fat. Eating a serving of Modern Tuna Casserole will be highly inflammatory. Campbell’s pledged over $5 Million to support the “Go Red for Women” campaign. Is anybody taking a serious look at the ingredients in Campbell’s products and the other processed foods recommended by the American Heart Association? The recommendation to choose margarine over butter and Egg Beaters over real eggs is absurd. Heart disease was relatively unknown 100 years ago – people enjoyed butter and real eggs from pasture raised animals. The problem is the factory food, the sugar and a diet based on 10+ servings of bread, pasta, cereal and grains. These foods cause inflammation and high insulin levels. These are the triggers for cholesterol and oxidizing LDL. Heart surgeon, Dr. Dwight Lundell says, “Cholesterol does not cause heart disease–inflammation in the arteries does. What is inflammation and where is it coming from? The answer to that question is both tragic and sad. The very dietary recommendations born of the cholesterol theory of no-fat and low fat foods cause inflammation. Polyunsaturated Omega-6 oils; packaged and processed foods created for shelf life and not long life; sugars and simple carbohydrates create inflammation. This is the cause of an epidemic of heart disease, obesity and other chronic illnesses.” No Connection Between Eating Eggs and Heart Disease In 2008, and earlier, researchers found no association between eating eggs and heart disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 87, No. 4, 964-969, April 2008 What’s it all about? Why does our body make cholesterol? Cholesterol is essential for life. The body uses cholesterol to make - hormones (like your sex hormones) - vitamin D - bile acids for proper digestion Your cell membranes are made of cholesterol. Can cholesterol levels be too low? We’ve known this for quite some time. Vivian Mitropoulou, Ph.D., Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, studies cholesterol levels and personality disorders. It appears that taking cholesterol-lowering medication is connected with an increased rate of death from unusual causes, unrelated to heart disease. As Mitropoulou says, “A lot of them (those taking cholesterol lowering medications) seemed to be smashing their cars into bridges and doing all sorts of impulsive and violent things.” Low Cholesterol Changes the Way the Brain Functions Having low cholesterol changes the way brain cells function, leading to depression according to several studies. Here’s the cutting edge thinking. It doesn’t matter how high your total cholesterol level is, what matters more are components. Managing health by looking at the total cholesterol is “dinosaur medicine” according to Stephen Sinatra, MD and cardiologist. There are different types of cholesterol, some are good, some are not good. This goes way beyond simply measuring HDL and LDL. There is testing available to identify the components of cholesterol and many doctors are not using this testing. The VAP test reports 22 different components of cholesterol. This test can identify hidden heart disease risks. One of these 22 components is ApoB. It is said to be a better risk predictor for coronary heart disease than measuring LDL and total cholesterol. Another component is called Lp (a) and it is a marker associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. There is a general lack of awareness about cholesterol and the components. You can be your own advocate by learning and sharing information with your doctor. On my podcast 9/27/11, I interviewed Chief Medical Officer of Atherotech, where the VAP was developed. What can REAL food do for you? Supporting Nrf2 with Nutrients and Real FoodJuly 2nd, 2019 Are Smart Meters Hazardous to Your Health?June 21st, 2019 MicrogreensJune 17th, 2019	<urn:uuid:5e0969ec-6e8f-4d58-9799-0ab0ca54bef6>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-30", "url": "https://getbetterwellness.com/aha-says-eat-margarine-fake-eggs/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195527000.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190721123414-20190721145414-00534.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9199311137199402, "token_count": 1068, "score": 2.515625, "int_score": 3 }
Arguably the single most influential foodstuff in the history of the world, salt funded the construction of China’s Great Wall, dictated trade routes, gave rise to Europe’s great cities, ignited wars, fueled centuries of political discourse, helped spark the French Revolution, and was a focal point the struggle for Indian independence. The words “sauce,” “salad” and “sausage” are derived from the root word for “salt.” In Rome, it served as currency; hence the word and phrase, “salary” and “not worth his salt.” Composed of sodium and chlorine, salt is a stable, staple food essential for human life. It regulates fluid levels and is necessary for muscle function, nerve impulses and the distribution of nutrients. Until the invention of canning and refrigeration, salt was fundamental to food preservation. It’s the only natural source of one of our basic tastes (salty), suppresses bitterness, and serves to enhance the flavor of other foods. Unfortunately, too much of a good thing can lead to hypertension. But cooks can take heart—while the average American consumes far too much salt, 90 percent of it comes from processed foods, with only 10 percent derived from cooking and table use. Salt exists in two basic forms: sea salt, produced by the evaporation of seawater, and rock salt, mined from buried sea beds. Specialty salts include kosher salt (coarse grained salt used in “koshering” meat, favored for its purity and low cost), fleur de sel (“flower of salt” from salt ponds in France and Portugal), and Maldon salt (a delicate English sea salt). Colorful choices include Peruvian Pink, Hawaiian Red and the mineral rich Celtic Gray. Flavored varieties include truffle, citrus and smoked salts. —By Jo Marshall, a food writer in Deephaven, Minn.	<urn:uuid:ab1d3ad8-a821-47cc-858c-d382e00741a6>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "url": "https://relish.com/articles/salts/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998913.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619043625-20190619065625-00413.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9341645240783691, "token_count": 412, "score": 2.890625, "int_score": 3 }
As many of you are aware, I started a thread about the things hindering Black progress; however, I allowed it to disintegrate before I really got to my point of the thread. I wanted to show the incidents and events that were traumatic or potentially traumatic for Black people since being in America based on various historical periods and use these periods to illustrate why it is foolhardy to compare the development of Black people to any other ethnic or cultural group presently found in the United States. The basis for this is due to something called historical or intergenerational trauma. Researchers have found that trauma can be passed on from one generation to the next. The children of Holocaust survivors up to the 2nd generation have been shown to exhibit effects of the trauma experienced by the survivors. Children of returning war veterans of PTSD were also shown to have traits originating from PTSD acquired from their parents. It seems that exposure to traumatic experiences can produce chemical changes in the brain which can be in turn passed on to succeeding generations. So, many people experience traumatic events and it is not race-specific. This is correct but the magnitude and duration of trauma experienced by Black people as a collective has not been endured by any other group in recent memory. The Jewish Holocaust lasted less than a generation; whereas, the enslavement of Black people, and brutal environment that accompanied it, alone encompassed 12 successive generations. The violence and forced removal of NAs did not even happen in such an absolute and sustained way. So when we see the various maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors present among Black folks today, it is extremely fair to look at the history of sustained trauma as possible origin and explanation for these thoughts and behaviors. The trauma has yet to cease even in today's society as we recently witnessed a non guilty verdict being rendered in a high profile and televised murder trial where many felt the defendant clearly went beyond what is generally deemed a normal and usual response to a threat. During the trial it almost felt as if the victim, a dead unarmed 17 year old Black male, was the one being tried as things about his background, which had no bearing on the night of his murder, were being brought up in the media. He was painted as drug using thug with disciplinary problems, but whether he was a thug or not did not contribute to his death. He was being followed and subsequently approached by an arm bearing civilian that disobeyed orders to initiate a confrontation. The outcome of this case signaled to many that Black life, in particular young Black life, is worth no more than it did when young Black people were being lynched over the theft or alleged theft of a pig. So Black people are continually going through a process of trauma and retraumatization. Some have argued that trauma experienced over a 100 years ago, supposedly from slavery, is an invalid case today to explain the stagnation of the Black race, but as studies have shown and researchers have concluded, trauma is capable of leaving residual aftereffects. Thus, one can not casually brush aside trauma as a cause due to length of time especially when the incident of trauma is sustained and long lasting itself. Elder Jamesfromphilly always says, "White supremacy will make you crazy." He is absolutely positively correct. The Black experience in America, as one of systemic oppression, violence and abuse, has caused Black people to internalize maladaptive ways of thinking, interacting, doing and living, that in terms of some may have began as survival tactics but with no current value, that have been to our detriment. So I know some are thinking what does all this have to do with semiotics, the media and Black inferiority and criminality. It all coalesce as I will show in my next post.	<urn:uuid:ecb094ac-4145-4778-a843-64f9c9c75f81>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-13", "url": "https://destee.com/threads/semiotics-in-american-media-and-the-inference-of-black-inferiority-criminality.79782/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647519.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320170119-20180320190119-00313.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9801127314567566, "token_count": 747, "score": 2.515625, "int_score": 3 }
01 February 2019 - 12:20 The Chinese wall against carbon China reduces its dependence on carbon For many years, China has been making efforts to reduce its dependence on carbon. Counteracting the serious damage to water resources and the atmosphere caused by the excessive reliance on carbon is one of the main medium-term development goals set out by the Chinese President Xi Jinping’s government. This also explains China’s participation in the promotion of the Paris Climate Agreement, approved in December 2015, as well as its recent request to renegotiate certain aspects of the pact, making it less burdensome on the economies that have just begun their development process. From an economic point of view, overcoming dependence on carbon responds to a recognised global trend: financial institutions and bodies such as the World Bank have announced their gradual withdrawal from carbon-based projects. This trend coincides with Beijing’s changing development standards: from its highly pollutant manufacturing processes to its leadership in high technology and digital economy, in line with President Xi’s Made in China 2025 plan. On a social scale, attention to the environment and fighting polluting emissions have become necessary due to a gradual increase in real standards of living that are incompatible with the urban and rural damage caused by decades of rapid economic growth. According to official data from Beijing, in 2013 China had already doubled its peak carbon consumption: since then, Chinese consumption of carbon has fallen by several percentage points each year, with the exception of 2017 when, according to estimations from observatories such as the Global Carbon Project, consumption rose by roughly 1 percent. Last year, Chinese consumption fell by some 150 million tons compared to 2015, and by 420 million tons compared to 2013. This is a significant result made possible by a vast series of political, financial, scientific and technological measures. At the beginning of last year, Beijing commenced the challenging process of carbon emancipation, especially that used for heating public and private buildings. This process was especially enforced last winter and caused significant difficulties, especially in the northern regions of the country. However, the emergency situation pushed forward the integration process of the large energy companies that began in 2015 to rationalise and consolidate state companies characterised by higher profitability and competitiveness. Last year the Chinese government supervised the fusion of the nation’s main carbon producer, Shenhua Group Corp. Ltd., and one of the five main energy producers in the country, the China Guodian Group Corp., giving rise to the world’s largest energy company. In order to further accelerate the reduction in national carbon dioxide emissions, which equal roughly 30 percent of global output, last December Beijing opened the largest Cap and Trade market in the world: the new system currently only involves the national energy industry, that alone includes roughly 1,700 factories and plants, but in the future will be gradually extended to further economic sectors and industries. While this mechanism introduces many further uncertainties, from the beginning it has represented a market of 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide, nearly double the European figure of 1.75 billion tons. At the same time, new international agreements and initiatives have been introduced, such as that signed last March by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Beijing Gas Group Company for a project aimed at widening the natural gas distribution network, reducing pollution caused by carbon used for heating in China’s rural areas. Meanwhile Beijing continues in its long-term research: last February, for example, Chinese authorities approved a feasibility study into a project regarding a nuclear reactor based on Nhr-200-II technology; the new type of reactor will be used for the production of thermal energy to heat houses and public buildings in an attempt to drastically reduce the country’s dependence on carbon. Beijing is also increasing its use of renewable sources: last November, for the first time, the overall generating capacities of China’s photovoltaic sector exceeded 100 million megawatts, reaching 106.9 million megawatts. The data, relating to the first 11 months of 2017, represents an annual 72 percent growth. To know more about Generali’s commitment to the environment check the link below Generali approves climate change strategy. It will divest € 2 billion from coal.	<urn:uuid:8dbf0785-8b38-4a89-8187-04b8854962a4>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "url": "https://www.generali.com/info/discovering-generali/all/2019/The-Chinese-wall-against-carbon", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350706.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225012257-20210225042257-00594.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9505906701087952, "token_count": 846, "score": 2.828125, "int_score": 3 }
By RepresentWomen on June 23, 2017 “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” This Friday, June 23, marks the 45th anniversary of Title IX. This landmark legislation, part of the United States Education Amendments of 1972, set out to ensure equal educational opportunities regardless of gender. This allowed for more women to attend college, earn scholarships, study STEM fields, and pursue advanced degrees. Title IX also became the basis for equality in athletics, which has helped increase the number of women who participate in high school sports by 900 percent. Today, Title IX provides protections against campus sexual harassment and assault – another example of its expansive reach. The passage of Title IX meant young women in school could finally participate in sports at the same rate as their male counterparts. Without structural intervention, it could have taken decades or longer for women to reach equal participation organically. Today, the underrepresentation of women in elected office requires the same type of structural reform. Telling women to run for office is not enough alone – just as telling women to play more sports was not enough before 1972. The only way to catalyze progress toward gender parity is through innovative rules changes. While the past four and a half decades have seen significant changes in women’s representation in athletics, there is still room for improvement. When Title IX passed, women coached over 90 percent of women’s collegiate teams – a number that has fallen to 43 percent today. Meanwhile, only three percent of men’s NCAA teams have female coaches. Having women in coaching and other leadership positions is vital. As explained by coach Mandy Commons-DiSalle at the University of Cincinnati, “Connecting with other females is important, because more often than not, they are going to be so open to helping, to mentoring, to guiding. Likely some of the things that are concerns of yours are the concerns of other females in the industry.” The NCAA and the New York Times documented this dismal representation earlier this year. Many of the factors that impact the paucity of female athletic coaches mirror those which lead to the lack of women in politics: women do not reach out and apply for positions, they cannot coach if they have children, they drop out of the pipeline before reaching the most prestigious positions, and they have to navigate both overt and subtle sexist bias. The world of athletics has taken note of this stagnation and made concerted efforts towards improvement. The NCAA’s Gender Equity Task Force has recently resurfaced, after a 22-year respite, to push Title IX back into relevancy. Since the fall of 2016, over 60 percent of NCAA schools have pledged to address the underrepresentation of women and minorities in athletic leadership positions. The Alliance of Women Coaches and Division I conferences host forums for their female coaches. Training women to succeed in athletic leadership positions is valuable, but only if women can get those positions in the first place. Just as female participation in sports required structural changes, getting women to coach more teams requires vigilant attention and reform. Similarly, training female candidates to run for elected office is only meaningful if there are positions they can realistically win. Implementing electoral reforms, such as multi-member legislative and congressional districts that use ranked-choice voting, must occur for those seats to become available. According to Tuti Scott, former Chief Development Officer and co-CEO for the Women’s Sports Foundation, “We need the lessons of Title IX now more than ever. While there is so much more work for equity, Title IX has helped create the conditions of fairness for women and girls. We have to ask ourselves, what conditions do we need to create now—what laws, systems, and practices do we need to change, to make gender and racial justice, and yes, economic justice a reality?” Title IX is the perfect example of how drastic, and potentially controversial, structural changes are necessary in order to transform institutions. In honor of the 45th anniversary of Title IX, and its lasting legacy, it is time to implement similar rules changes in the realm of politics. Photo Source: Wikipedia	<urn:uuid:3e6b0024-b697-4d86-90df-9ba43870676c>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "url": "https://www.representwomen.org/learning_from_past_structural_reforms_45th_anniversary_of_title_ix", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335530.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20221001035148-20221001065148-00397.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9597095251083374, "token_count": 877, "score": 3.0625, "int_score": 3 }
- 7 Pins part part whole Grade Math, Classroom Math, Math Group, Lessons Mathscienceact, Lessons Math Science Acting, Math Ideas, Money Lessons, Everyday Math, Elementary Math Part Part Whole - Money This would be good for a high math group Part Part Whole Facts Families, Schools Math, Math Worksheets, Math Ideas, Fact Families, Math Workshop, Numbers Bond, Addition Subtraction, 1St Grade a different format than triangles; helps with connecting addition subtraction facts. First Grade Math Worksheets Great math ideas Part Part Whole practice. Fact families Part Part Whole...perfect for math workshop. Great blog for 1st grade ideas Part part whole Grade Math, Facts Families, Grade Class, Math Stations, Math Activities, Numbers Bond, Common Cores, First Grade, 1St Grade Part part whole - number bonds Mrs. T's First Grade Class: Common Core Part Part Whole or Fact Families 1st grade... my disdain for math began with these blocks. part part whole practice. Good for math stations if you put a bunch of different problems in plastic baggies. Lots of math activities part, part, whole Grade Math, Math Center, Math Games, Schools Math, Printable Cards, Multiplication Facts, Math Ideas, Kindergarten Rhode, Magic Numbers Kindergarten Rhode: My Two Math "Repair Manuals" Teaching in Progress: What's Your Magic Number? find the missing part printable. could be a math center? find the missing part printable - for multiplication facts. Part - Part - Whole Printable Cards find the missing part math game Grade Ideas, Fractions Stations, Math Games, Fabulous Printable, Cute Monsters, Fractions Games, Math Activities, Free Printable, Math Intervention part of a group...some math games Valentines day math activity Fractions using cute monsters Mrs. Santillana's 3rd Grade Resources. Fabulous printables across the content areas!!! Fraction station game GREAT for math. harcourt math interventions by grade Mrs. Santillana's 3rd Grade Resources. Links to great games and some fabulous free printables! great 3rd grade ideas part part whole printable cards	<urn:uuid:ab272cb4-47f0-41c4-a720-5a3f3b11a88e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-35", "url": "https://www.pinterest.com/jsabala/part-whole/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644063881.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025423-00285-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.7456783056259155, "token_count": 484, "score": 2.890625, "int_score": 3 }
Chikungunya, a virus known for decades in parts of Africa and Asia, is sweeping across the Caribbean, Central and South America. According to the Pan American Health Organization, there have been 118 confirmed deaths to the disease and an estimated 700,000 people who are suspected of being infected with illness. CCTV America’s Michelle Begue reports. The disease is transmitted to humans through infected mosquitoes and is not contagious, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. Early symptoms include a high fever accompanied with severe joint pain and debilitating headaches. The Dominican Republic has been the worst hit with approximately 500,000 cases of the virus. El Salvador has had 30,000 suspected cases, Venezuela has seen 1,700, and Colombia has just recently surpassed 5,000 cases. Bogota’s health officials insist that the mosquitoes carrying the virus cannot reach cities in high altitudes. Yet, officials have issued a warning for tourists traveling to the Caribbean or warm regions. Unlike the cases of Ebola recently seen around the world, Chikungunya is not usually deadly. Officials say unexpected complications can be the reason for the deaths across the Americas. Officials believe the reason for the outbreak in South America is due to the lack of immunity within the population which has never seen the virus. Reblogged via Chikungunya virus spreading in South America \| CCTV America.	<urn:uuid:530ae51b-459b-439e-9157-64675974a2e3>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "url": "https://theislandjournal.com/2014/10/12/chikungunya-virus-spreading-in-south-america/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178370752.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20210305091526-20210305121526-00517.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.956896960735321, "token_count": 287, "score": 3.125, "int_score": 3 }
How big does an elephant nose fish get? around 9 inches Size. The typical maximum size of an Elephant Nose Fish is around 9 inches in length. There have been reported instances where this species has exceeded this number by 2-3 inches, but that’s very uncommon. How many elephant nose fish should be kept together? It is best to keep just one to a tank and not with any other elephantnose species, unless the aquarium is extremely voluminous. In such aquaria, a group of 6 or more could be maintained together, but there must be ample swimming room and a plethora of visual barriers. Is elephant nose fish blind? Scientists have found that elephantnose fish have excellent vision due to the unique structure of their retina. Most vertebrates have both rod and cone photoreceptors in their retinae, which are used and located separately. What do elephant nose fish eat? The fish feeds on small worms (bloodworms being the most common) and aquatic invertebrates such as mosquito larvae, but will accept frozen or flake food. Elephantnose fish are typically kept in water of medium hardness with a pH of 6.8 to 7.2 and a temperature of between 26–28 °C (79–82 °F). Do elephant nose fish produce electricity? As an electric fish, the elephant-nose fish has two specialized systems that help it sense its surroundings — a passive system attuned to the minute electric signatures of everything living in its environment, including prey, and an active system that voluntarily emits brief pulses of electricity. How do elephant nose fish communicate? They move slowly through murky streams and lakes in Africa, using an electrosensory system to detect the minute electrical pulses emitted by their invertebrate prey. At the same time, its electric organ, located on the tail, emits larger pulses to aid navigation and communication with other members of the species. How big do elephant nose fish get? The typical maximum size of an Elephant Nose Fish is around 9 inches in length. There have been reported instances where this species has exceeded this number by 2-3 inches, but that’s very uncommon. Author Note: This is an area where there’s a bit of misinformation being passed around. What size tank does an elephantnose fish need? Tank Size – 40 or more gallons for one full grown specimen. Elephantnose Fish Tank Mates – Anything peaceful, it will not be able to compete for food otherwise. How to take care of elephant nose fish? Elephant Nose Fish are susceptible to chemicals, so you should install a fairly powerful filter, replace the third part of the water in the aquarium once every seven days with fresh. Regularly need to siphon the bottom, removing food residues and traces of the pet’s vital activity. What should the nitrate level be in elephant nose fish? Your nitrates should be 5 ppm or under, and your ammonia should be at 0 ppm. You can make these water changes easier by investing in a python. Additionally, elephant nose fish are sensitive to salt and medications, prevention is better than a cure, so just don’t try to fix it after the fact.	<urn:uuid:eb08cae2-1a1f-4a7e-a285-c9d3f662bba5>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "url": "https://www.digglicious.com/questions/how-big-does-an-elephant-nose-fish-get/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710733.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130060525-20221130090525-00394.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9362267255783081, "token_count": 664, "score": 2.703125, "int_score": 3 }
Discounted cash flows When working with capital budgeting techniques, future cash inflows and outflow are discounted to its present value. This is undertaken for number of reasons. Firstly, according to the time value of money, the dollar to be received in the future has less value than the dollar to be received in the present. Moreover, adjustment for risk and inflation must also be made. Therefore, compensation is necessary to equalize future and present values of cash flows. Such compensation is known as the required rate of return. The higher is the required return (which is used as a discount rate) the lower will be the present value of the future cash flows from the proposed project. To ensure that such compensation is in place, the future cash inflows are discounted to its present value with the use of required return. To do so, the following calculation can be made with the help of the financial calculator: FV: (future cash flow) N: number of periods between future cash flow and present I: required return ABC expects to have cash inflows of $5,000 over the next 5 years from the project A. The required return of ABC is 8%. What is the present value of the cash inflows? In this problem we have an annuity, which refers to a terminating an equal periodic cash flows over specific period of time, such as 10 years. Due to the fact that we are dealing with an annuity, we can calculate the present value of all cash inflows much faster and easier than if we were dealing with the mixed stream of cash flows. If we were dealing with the mixed stream, which refers to unequal cash flows during specific period with no precise pattern, than we would have to calculate present value of each cash flow separately and than add them together. We will do such calculation in the next problem. An annuity allows us to calculate present value of all cash flows in one step. The calculation for this problem is as follows: PMT: 5,000 (PMT here refers to equivalent cash inflows over period of time) PV: calculate = 19,963.55 ABC also have option to invest in project B. Cash flows from that project will be $3,000 at the end of year 1, $5,000 at the end of year 2, $4,000 at the end of years 3 and 4 and $8,000 at the end of year 5. Calculate the present value of above cash flows if required return of ABC is 8%. As promised, now we are dealing with the mixed stream of cash inflows. We will need to calculate present value of each cash flow separately and than add all present values. With the help of financial calculator, calculation will be as follows: Cash flow in year 1: FV: 3,000 (cash inflow at the end of year one) PV: calculate 2,777.78 Cash flow in year 2: FV: 5,000 (cash inflow at the end of year two) PV: calculate 4,286.69 Cash flow in year 3: FV: 4,000 (cash inflow at the end of year three) PV: calculate 3,175.33 Cash flow in year 4: FV: 4,000 (cash inflow at the end of year four) PV: calculate 2,940.12 Cash flow in year 5: FV: 8,000 (cash inflow at the end of year five) PV: calculate 5,444.67 Now we will add up all present values to obtain the final answer: =2,777.78 + 4,286.69 + 3,175.33 + 2,940.12 + 5,444.67 Therefore, the present value of a mixed stream of cash flows from project B is $18,624.59. If we look at this a previous problem we can conclude that, assuming that projects A and B require equal investment, project A is a better choice for capital expenditure because it offers a higher present value of future cash inflows ($19,963.55) from investment than does project B ($18,624.59).	<urn:uuid:a1be04c2-b342-4a14-8314-8dfddd25049a>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "url": "https://blogbschool.com/2014/06/22/discounted-cash-flows/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247522457.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222180107-20190222202107-00627.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9437654614448547, "token_count": 881, "score": 2.875, "int_score": 3 }
Ketamine is most commonly known for its use as an anesthetic. However, its applications are further advancing in the medical world. It’s now proven effective for treating conditions such as depression, OCD, PTSD, and even pain. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression affects more than 246 million people worldwide, making it one of the most common mental disorders next to anxiety. Anxiety disorders, including OCD and PTSD, affect 284 million people worldwide. While some people are more biologically prone to depression and anxiety, most people will experience one or both of these mental afflictions at some point in their life. For the more severe cases, ketamine may be the answer. Keep reading to learn more about ketamine and its derivatives and their role in treating depression and anxiety disorders. What Can Ketamine Do For My Depression and Anxiety? Today, most depression and anxiety disorders are treated with one or more generic antidepressants, like benzodiazepine. There’s also SSRI and SNRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, respectively). Different cognitive and mental behavioral therapies are also among the traditional and more intensive treatments. However, patients who are non-responsive to traditional treatments and therapies are often put through various clinical trials of other medications and treatments. Despite these efforts, up to 40% of patients never experience revocation from these mental disorders. With the accumulation of clinical research and trial-based evidence, medical professionals believe that ketamine may succeed where other treatments fail. It is not yet entirely understood how ketamine works, but it’s largely thought to have an effect on glutamate production. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter responsible for mitigating the brain’s response to stress and traumatic memory development. Ketamine’s composition makes it an NMDA receptor antagonist. That means ketamine targets the NMDA receptors in the brain, allowing for an increase in glutamate. Ketamine also interacts with the brain’s AMPA receptors. AMPA receptors allow for the release of certain molecules that support neuron communication. This action creates a new path for your mood, thought patterns, and other cognitive functions to develop. In essence, ketamine mitigates the brain’s response pathways in a way that achieves a more positive and healthy thought pattern. What About Esketamine? If you’ve heard of “Spravato” or “Ketanest” before, that’s esketamine. Esketamine is a derivative of ketamine that comes in the form of a nasal spray or injectable. More specifically, it’s the S-enantiomer to the R-enantiomer of ketamine, which is medical speak for having more NMDA glutamate receptor potency. Esketamine was recently approved by the FDA to treat refractory—treatment-resistant—depression. Esketamine’s prescriptive purpose is to treat refractory depression. It’s mostly reserved for those who experience intense suicidal thoughts. Therefore, it’s unlikely for your doctor to prescribe it before trying other forms of treatment. Are Esketamine and Ketamine Infusions Right For Me? Eskatime and ketamine are the evolution of antidepressant treatment. To find out if esketamine or ketamine infusion treatment is right for you, you need to be fully evaluated by a mental health professional. If you have more questions regarding esketamine and ketamine treatment, or you’d like to know about the mental health services we provide, reach out to us. And remember, you’re not alone.	<urn:uuid:95aa357d-a7f8-45b9-a1d8-1754be2c2e91>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "url": "https://elevatepsychiatry.com/ketamine-and-esketamine/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337531.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20221005011205-20221005041205-00488.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9245427846908569, "token_count": 760, "score": 2.921875, "int_score": 3 }
At least four patients admitted to an Belfast intensive care unit have contracted the multi-drug resistant bacterial organism, Acinetobacter baumannii. The outbreak, at the intensive care unit in the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast, was discovered three weeks ago and control measures have been put in place. According to a Belfast Trust statement: Belfast Health and Social Care Trust have recently identified an unusual multi-resistant microorganism called Acinetobacter Baumanii in the Regional Intensive Care Unit (RICU). A small number of patients have tested positive for this infection related to this organism and are currently isolated. An outbreak has been declared and the unit has been undergoing an intensive deep clean process over the weekend in line with patient safety and clinical advice and all infection control procedures are being regularly monitored. All patients remaining in the unit are being monitored in accordance with national guidelines. The Trust would like to assure the public that robust infection prevention and control measures are in place and we are working closely with the Public Health Agency and all other Trusts to control the spread of this organism. We would ask that visitors help us to prevent the spread of infection by being diligent regarding hand washing both on entering and leaving the unit. We are extremely grateful for the flexibility shown by our patients, their relatives and our staff to support our programme of deep cleaning over the weekend. Acinetobacter [asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter] is a group of bacteria commonly found in soil and water. While there are many types or “species” of Acinetobacter and all can cause human disease,Acinetobacter baumannii [asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter boe-maa-nee-ie] accounts for about 80% of reported infections, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreaks of Acinetobacter infections typically occur in intensive care units and healthcare settings housing very ill patients.Acinetobacter infections rarely occur outside of healthcare settings. Acinetobacter causes a variety of diseases, ranging from pneumonia to serious blood or wound infections, and the symptoms vary depending on the disease. Acinetobactermay also “colonize” or live in a patient without causing infection or symptoms, especially in tracheostomy sites or open wounds. Acinetobacter poses very little risk to healthy people. However, people who have weakened immune systems, chronic lung disease, or diabetes may be more susceptible to infections with Acinetobacter. Hospitalized patients, especially very ill patients on a ventilator, those with a prolonged hospital stay, those who have open wounds, or any person with invasive devices like urinary catheters are also at greater risk for Acinetobacter infection. Acinetobacter is often resistant to many commonly prescribed antibiotics. Decisions on treatment of infections with Acinetobacter should be made on a case-by-case basis by a healthcare provider.	<urn:uuid:b3d67b49-89b4-4bfc-a730-70abbf1fd480>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-34", "url": "http://outbreaknewstoday.com/acinetobacter-outbreak-reported-in-belfast-icu-67378/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221213405.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20180818060150-20180818080150-00281.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9428560733795166, "token_count": 618, "score": 2.53125, "int_score": 3 }
There may be solutions soon for one of Seattle’s longest-lasting infrastructure problems. Since the middle of last century when the City annexed land in what is now north Seattle, little progress has been made in building hundreds of miles of missing sidewalks in North Seattle and across the city. North Seattle residents who voted for annexation claim that the city promised sidewalks and failed to deliver. A multi-billion dollar price tag to build all missing sidewalks has been too intimidating for anyone to find real solutions. However, after decades of minimal progress, wholesale solutions to bring sidewalks to Seattle may be closer than ever. While most conversations about this problem have been around building traditional concrete sidewalks, the Seattle Department of Transportation is now evaluating more affordable alternatives. And, to overcome the funding gulf that remains, city council candidate Sandy Brown has a potential answer. While North Seattle isn’t the only part of the city without adequate sidewalk infrastructure, this part of the city is less likely to have sidewalks than anywhere else. Before 1940, the Seattle city limits extended no farther north than N 85th Street. Over the next 14 years, territory was added piece-by-piece, until in January 1954 the northern boundary of Seattle was set at 145th St as it is today. It is at N 85th Street where City Council District 5 begins. The newly-formed district covers much of the land that was annexed in the middle of the last century, continuing all the way to Seattle’s northern border — an area where 68% of blocks lack any sidewalks, according to SDOT. Many people say that this part of Seattle has been under-represented in local politics for years, something that is due to change with Seattle’s first district-based city council election on November 3rd. For the first time, residents in this part of the city will have a council member in City Hall specifically elected to represent them. Sidewalks have been a talking point of the campaign thus far, and Sandy Brown has an idea of how to pay for them. The idea, to establish local improvement districts (LIDs), is actually an old one — it’s how neighborhood improvements like sidewalks were funded before the Great Depression. By dividing North Seattle into local improvement districts, residents in each district could vote to tax themselves to pay for sidewalks. It would be an investment by residents that would pay off in the form of increased property values and the benefit of having sidewalks in the neighborhood. However, the cost of sidewalks has gone up since the Great Depression as it now costs SDOT $250,000 to $350,000 to build one block of sidewalks. Fortunately, there are affordable options on the horizon. SDOT is updating Seattle’s Pedestrian Master Plan, a document which guides the City on making improvements “to make Seattle the most walkable city in the nation,” according to SDOT. As part of this update, SDOT is considering alternatives to pricey traditional sidewalks. These walkways would bring safety improvements for people who walk at a fraction of the cost of what it would take to build curbs, drainage, and concrete sidewalks that are more typical. SDOT is soliciting feedback from residents through an online survey. SDOT appears to be considering options like raised asphalt sidewalks, separating pedestrians from traffic by curbs, or just implementing traffic-calming features like speed bumps to make roads without sidewalks feel safe to be shared by people driving, biking, and walking. There are other options as well, which can be seen on their Pedestrian Master Plan survey. While substantial improvement is still years away, if SDOT can find an option that works for walkers at a lower cost, and funding sources can be found, our decades-long infrastructure embarrassment of sidewalk-free streets may start to come to an end.	<urn:uuid:6f6dae0a-22ce-4c1f-ace1-1f6e80e74301>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-43", "url": "https://www.theurbanist.org/2015/10/21/solutions-coming-for-missing-sidewalks-in-seattle/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822480.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017181947-20171017201947-00359.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9603431224822998, "token_count": 779, "score": 2.890625, "int_score": 3 }
A good composition is critical to any successful photograph. Every photographer, from the world’s top pros to a novice with a smart phone, must make compositional decisions when taking a photo. Here is a list of quick ways to help improve your compositions. Probably the single most important element of a photograph is the subject. A subject can take many forms, but ultimately it is what you want to show the viewer. A photo without a subject will lack interest and fail to convey anything of significance. While it may seem obvious to take a picture of “something”, I see many photographers taking photos without a clear subject. A person, place, or things are clear subjects, but a subject can also be more abstract like a mood or pattern. When taking a photograph, it is important to ask yourself what it is you are making this image of? If you can easily answer that question it is likely that you have a clear subject. This acacia tree in this image becomes a clear subject due to its placement, the light, and the background. What drew me to this tree was the way that the dark storm clouds seemed to swirl above the scene. By placing the tree in the lower middle, I emphasize the tree while highlighting the impending storm above it. 2. Rule of thirds If you have ever taken a class on photography, you have likely heard of the rule of thirds. The rule of thirds is one of the quickest ways to get your photography on the right track. The method involves dividing the frame into thirds both vertically and horizontally. These lines provide a basis of where to place points of interest and other lines within the frame. For example, a horizon works well when it is placed in on the upper third or lower third of a frame. While it is a good idea not to get too rigidly attached to thirds, this rule is a great starting place for setting up a composition. The rule of thirds breaks down the frame into vertical and horizontal thirds. In this example you can see the grid and how I placed the focal point of the image, the birds eye, at the intersection of the lines. These intersections are a natural place for points of interest. Lines can be one of the most powerful compositional tools available to a photographer. Vertical and horizontal lines can give your image a feeling of repetition and help enhance a pattern. Lines that come from the bottom of the frame into the top, also referred to as leading lines, can help draw the viewer into the shot and point to your subject. Since lines give your images a geometric feel, remember to keep them as straight as possible. Vertical and horizontal lines that are slightly askew will distract from the composition and ultimately hurt the photograph. Lines are one of the best ways to draw your viewer in. This sand dune image has many different lines that all lead to the peak in the background. Some are more obvious than others, but as you can see in the example with red lines, this image is carefully composed with diagonal lines to lead the viewer through the dunes and ultimately have their eye land on the mountains. Simplicity is an extremely valuable tool for creating striking photographs. Consider how the elements of a photograph relate to each other. While it can be tempting to include everything in front of you, sometimes the more elements in a photo just mean more distractions. Everything included in your frame should be for a reason; if an element doesn’t add to the composition, it is taking away from it. Compositions that are clean and simple are often the most successful. This image essentially only has two components, a crescent moon and a stand of silhouetted trees. The simplicity of the compositions and light let the features turn into graphic shapes. If this image had any more elements to it, such as a cloud or two, it would not be as graphically strong. One easy way to create added interest in your photos is to frame your subject with something. Framing can be very literal, where the viewer is clearly looking through one element at another. It can also be subtle, where compositional elements create a natural frame that highlights the subject. By using the doorway of an adjacent building to frame the iconic Taj Mahal, I was able to create a depth and added interest to an otherwise plain photo of this often photographed building. Scale is an important composition tool that helps to add context and drama to your images. The easiest way to show scale (especially in the outdoors) is to add a human element to your photos. Showing items (human figure, tent, car, house) that are easily recognized will help to add scale to the rest of your image. When a human figure is added in front of a mountain, suddenly the viewer has a better idea of just how big that mountain is. Without the figure in the bottom right of this image, the photo would be lacking context and a sense of scale. By adding a human element, the viewer gets a better idea of what it is like to stand in front of this mountain. One of the best ways to achieve a striking composition is to utilize depth in your image. Depth is making a two-dimensional photograph appear three-dimensional and can be accomplished in a number of ways. A good place to start is to look for a scene with a good a strong foreground, a good background and a middle ground to tie them together. Using a wide-angle lens and getting close to the foreground will help to achieve a three-dimensional look to your photos. Depth can also be achieved by several other techniques previously mentioned such as leading lines and framing. In this photo, the foreground, middle ground, and background work together to help convey a three-dimensional feeling. In this case, the light raking across the foreground and background really helped to tie the two together. The corners of your frame can make or break your composition. Since a lot of the action begins from the bottom corners, it is important to pay attention to what is coming out of them. Using the corners as anchor points for leading lines creates strong and dynamic compositions. Corners can be active or passive depending on what you place in them. Be careful about letting dead space and distractions fill your corners and hurt your overall composition. The whole composition in this image really evolves out of the bottom right corner. By effectively placing lines from the corner, I was able to guide the viewer across the image. 9. Visual Flow When you have a good composition, the eye should flow through it fluidly. You want the viewer to effortlessly navigate the composition from start to finish without having any “visual blocks”. Think about the scene as if you were to physically walk through it. You would take the path of least resistance and that is the same concept our eyes adhere to while viewing a photo. Make it easy for the viewer to navigate the photo and come to the subject quickly. Imagine you were standing where my camera was and you were to walk toward the sun. In this photo, I composed it so the eye would have to wander around and through the boulders to the background. The eye can easily flow through the bottom right, up the middle, and to the sun. 10. Patience and Practice Training your photographic eye is not an overnight process. Even to those who have a natural eye for composition, it takes years to refine their craft. Don’t get discouraged if you struggle with composition. Great compositions will utilize many of the points touched on above. Think about each idea individually and then find ways to combine them in the field. They say that it takes over ten years for your compositional eye to really develop. Like any craft, practice is key. Get out regularly with your camera and practice taking photos. Nothing will improve your compositions more than practice. Take these ideas and think about ways to incorporate them into a photo. Try out different compositions to help you visualize what works and what doesn’t. You can view more of Grant Ordelheide’s photography on Instagram.	<urn:uuid:32fe5778-6098-4948-852d-4f15870c6aa4>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-30", "url": "http://www.thephotoargus.com/10-tips-to-instantly-improve-your-compositions/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257831771.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071031-00088-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9555450081825256, "token_count": 1640, "score": 2.625, "int_score": 3 }
The low glycaemic index treatment (LGIT) is an attempt to achieve the stable blood glucose levels seen in children on the classic ketogenic diet while using a much less restrictive regimen. The hypothesis is that stable blood glucose may be one of the mechanisms of action involved in the ketogenic diet, which occurs because the absorption of the limited carbohydrates is slowed by the high fat content. Although it is also a high-fat diet (with approximately 60% calories from fat), the LGIT allows more carbohydrate than either the classic ketogenic diet or the modified Atkins diet, approximately 40–60 g per day. However, the types of carbohydrates consumed are restricted to those that have a glycaemic index lower than 50. Like the modified Atkins diet, the LGIT is initiated and maintained at outpatient clinics and does not require precise weighing of food or intensive dietitian support. Both are offered at most centres that run ketogenic diet programmes, and in some centres they are often the primary dietary therapy for adolescents. Josh Axe, a doctor of natural medicine and clinical nutritionist, estimates that about 25% of people who try a ketogenic diet experience these symptoms, with fatigue being the most common. “That happens because your body runs out of sugar to burn for energy, and it has to start using fat,” he says. “That transition alone is enough to make your body feel tired for a few days.” The purpose of the Mayo Clinic Diet is to help you lose excess weight and to find a way of eating that you can sustain for a lifetime. It focuses on changing your daily routine by adding and breaking habits that can make a difference in your weight, such as eating more fruits and vegetables, not eating while you watch TV, and moving your body for 30 minutes a day. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders after stroke, and affects around 50 million people worldwide. It is diagnosed in a person having recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These occur when cortical neurons fire excessively, hypersynchronously, or both, leading to temporary disruption of normal brain function. This might affect, for example, the muscles, the senses, consciousness, or a combination. A seizure can be focal (confined to one part of the brain) or generalised (spread widely throughout the brain and leading to a loss of consciousness). Epilepsy can occur for a variety of reasons; some forms have been classified into epileptic syndromes, most of which begin in childhood. Epilepsy is considered refractory (not yielding to treatment) when two or three anticonvulsant drugs have failed to control it. About 60% of patients achieve control of their epilepsy with the first drug they use, whereas around 30% do not achieve control with drugs. When drugs fail, other options include epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and the ketogenic diet. You know it: a sharp pain just below the rib cage that always seems to pop up when you're working out your hardest. It's called the side stitch, and it can be a major nuisance—especially when it keeps you from completing a workout. To ease the ache (so you can get on with your run), take your fist and press it beneath your rib cage while taking deep breaths from your belly for about 10 steps. In about 30 seconds, the pain should subside, so you can get on back to (fitness) work. Feeling guilty about that giant ice cream sundae you enjoyed at your niece's birthday party? Don't beat yourself up! It takes a lot of calories—3,500—to gain a pound of body fat. "So really, that one off day doesn't usually result in any significant weight gain," says Newgent. It's about what you do the next day and the day after that's really important—so don't stay off-track. So be sure to whittle away at those extra calories over the next day or two, preferably by boosting exercise rather than eating too little. Starvation is not the healthy answer! In closing, we definitely, 100% believe that diet is enormously important to fitness, weight loss, and health. However, we don't see why the value of exercise needs to be dragged through the mud to prove this point. Both are important, it's not one or the other and what percentage each counts towards your end goal is a moot point. This is our opinion; you're welcome to disagree. Eating a healthy diet and staying active is important for everyone. For people with diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), prediabetes, and obesity, food and exercise plays an even greater role in managing day-to-day health. Despite all the popular articles and books, the research on nutrition, exercise, and obesity is very complex, and there is still a lot we don’t know. Feeding a growing population of 10 billion people by 2050 will be impossible without transforming our eating habits and improving food production. A three year study involving experts from 16 countries argues that the world needs to change its diet if there's to be enough food for everyone. Newsday's Tom Hagler has been speaking to one of the report's authors, Dr Sonja Vermeulen. More good news: Snacks are totally allowed (and I'm not just talking about carrot sticks). There are plenty of packaged options out there designed for keto fans. FATBAR is one of them. These snack bars have 200 calories, 16 grams of fat, and four grams of net carbs. They're also plant-based and are made with almond or cashew butter, cocoa butter, coconut, pea protein, sunflower seeds, and chia seeds. Probiotics may be linked to less serious side effects, too. One recent study among 30 people linked probiotics to potential brain fog and GI distress. “Rarely, some people experience side effects from taking a certain probiotic so I recommend they try a different one,” suggests Dr. Raj. As for those new products hitting shelves, Dr. Raj recommends sticking with reputable brands so you know that the probiotics being advertised on the label are actually going to end up in your body. Another difference between older and newer studies is that the type of patients treated with the ketogenic diet has changed over time. When first developed and used, the ketogenic diet was not a treatment of last resort; in contrast, the children in modern studies have already tried and failed a number of anticonvulsant drugs, so may be assumed to have more difficult-to-treat epilepsy. Early and modern studies also differ because the treatment protocol has changed. In older protocols, the diet was initiated with a prolonged fast, designed to lose 5–10% body weight, and heavily restricted the calorie intake. Concerns over child health and growth led to a relaxation of the diet's restrictions. Fluid restriction was once a feature of the diet, but this led to increased risk of constipation and kidney stones, and is no longer considered beneficial. Dietary fat is a necessary nutrient in our diet. Many people have turned to fat-free products, assuming that they are healthier, but this is not always the case. Fat-free products are often high in sugar. You may find that you actually need to increase the amount of fat that you consume. You will need to cut back on another nutrient to avoid going above your calorie needs. It is also important to focus on the kinds of fat that you are consuming. Making the change from consumption of saturated and trans fat to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats could be lifesaving. Sick of that elliptical or bike or workout DVD? That means it's time to mix up your routine! Our favorite way: Break a sweat by moving and shaking. Simply make a playlist with your favorite "cut a rug" tunes ("Girls Just Want to Have Fun"? "Single Ladies (Put a Ring On It)"?), then turn up the volume, and start breaking it down. For even more fun, invite some gal pals over and get grooving (and laughing). The best part is that you'll each burn about 200 to 600 calories per hour. Now that's something to shimmy about! On the other hand, nutritionists like Turoff aren’t thrilled with the orange juice choice. “Orange juice is going to be high in sugar, so I wouldn’t recommend it for the average person — instead, I suggest having a whole orange,” says Turoff. By doing so, she says, you get the fiber from the whole fruit, which helps keep your blood sugar from spiking, like it does with juice. Also, the natural sugar in fruit does affect your carbohydrate intake — especially if you eat a lot of fruit. This may temporarily raise your blood sugar or certain blood fats. However, this effect is lessened if you are losing weight. If you have diabetes or any other health conditions or concerns, work with your doctor to adjust the Mayo Clinic Diet for your situation. For example, people with diabetes should aim for more vegetables than fruits, if possible. It's a good idea to snack on vegetables, rather than snacking only on fruit. “Don't like eating meat?” asks Ginger Hultin, RDN, a dietitian in private practice in Seattle and a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. “Then don't be paleo! Travel a lot and rely on eating out? The DASH diet may end in frustration for you.” The bottom line: The diet you choose needs to be safe and effective, while taking into account your lifestyle.	<urn:uuid:521640d3-b372-4373-9126-1ecf877d4dd3>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35", "url": "https://diets-for-quick-weight-loss.net/diet-pills-dietician.php", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027330750.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20190825151521-20190825173521-00016.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9535991549491882, "token_count": 1990, "score": 3.328125, "int_score": 3 }
The Change Curve The Change Curve: Navigating Transformation In the ever-evolving landscape of organizations and personal development, the Change Curve serves as a vital tool. This model, rooted in psychology and organizational development, provides a roadmap for understanding how individuals and groups respond to change. By delving into the stages of change, it equips us with insights to navigate transformation effectively. Join us as we explore the Change Curve, its origins, principles, and practical applications in both professional and personal spheres. Origins and Principles Origins: The Change Curve, also known as the Kubler-Ross Change Curve, was initially introduced by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in her work on grief and loss. It was later adapted for the context of organizational change. Principles: The Change Curve is grounded in several principles: Stages of Response: It identifies distinct stages that individuals typically go through when faced with change, including denial, resistance, exploration, and commitment. Emotional Impact: The model recognizes the emotional impact of change, highlighting that individuals may experience a range of emotions as they navigate the process. Resilience and Adaptation: It underscores the capacity for individuals and organizations to adapt and ultimately thrive through change. The Change Curve offers valuable insights into how to support individuals and teams during times of transformation. In today's rapidly evolving world, the Change Curve remains highly relevant: Organizational Change: It informs change management strategies, helping organizations transition smoothly. Personal Development: Individuals use the Change Curve to navigate personal transitions and growth. Leadership: Leaders apply the model to understand and support their teams during change initiatives. Crisis Response: It aids in responding to crises by acknowledging and addressing emotional reactions. Whether you are leading an organization through change or embarking on a personal transformation, the Change Curve offers guidance. Stages of the Change Curve The Change Curve typically consists of the following stages: Denial: Individuals initially deny or resist the change, often clinging to the familiar. Resistance: Resistance emerges as individuals confront the reality of change, leading to frustration and pushback. Exploration: In this phase, individuals start to explore and adapt to the new reality, testing new approaches. Commitment: The final stage sees individuals fully commit to the change, embracing new behaviors and mindsets. When to Use The Change Curve is applicable in various contexts: Organizational Change: It guides change management efforts, helping organizations understand and address resistance. Personal Growth: Individuals use it to navigate personal transitions, such as career changes or life events. Leadership and Team Development: Leaders apply it to support their teams through change initiatives. Crisis Management: The model aids in responding to crises by addressing emotional reactions and guiding recovery. Whether you are leading a team through a major transition or embarking on a personal journey of change, the Change Curve can be a valuable companion. The Change Curve: Orchestrating Pathways to Well-being and Prosperity in Organizations In the orchestra of organizational development theories, the Change Curve plays a pivotal role in demystifying the human experience of change. Initially conceptualized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross to describe the stages of grief, the model has been adapted to the realm of organizational change. It encompasses stages ranging from denial and resistance, through exploration, and ultimately to commitment. As we chart this journey, we will explore the Change Curve's profound implications for fostering organizational "Well-being" and "Prosperity". Cultivating Organizational Well-being with the Change Curve Crafting a Culture of Empathy and Understanding:At its core, the Change Curve is a testament to the human experience. By acknowledging and understanding the emotional journey individuals undergo during change, organizations can foster a culture of empathy. Such an environment ensures that employees feel supported, understood, and valued during turbulent times. Social Psychology and the Collective Experience of Change:Change, especially on an organizational scale, is a collective journey. The Change Curve provides insights into the shared emotional experiences, fostering a sense of unity and mutual support. By understanding where teams or departments are on the curve, interventions can be tailored to address collective apprehensions, concerns, or aspirations. Ethical Change Management and Respect for the Individual Journey:Change, especially when mandated, can often feel coercive. However, by integrating the Change Curve into change management practices, organizations ensure that the change process respects individual journeys, addresses concerns, and operates with a deep sense of ethics and empathy. The Change Curve: Navigating the Voyage to Organizational Prosperity Strategic Change Management:From mergers and acquisitions to pivots in business models, strategic change is a constant in the business world. The Change Curve offers a roadmap for leaders to understand the emotional landscape of such transitions. By anticipating potential resistance or the need for support, strategies can be implemented with a higher likelihood of success and acceptance. Operational Adaptability through Understanding Change Dynamics:On an operational level, changes – whether they involve new systems, processes, or structures – entail a human adjustment process. Recognizing where teams are on the Change Curve can facilitate smoother transitions, reduce downtime, and ensure that operations remain agile and adaptive. Innovation and the Emotional Journey of Change:Innovation, by its very nature, brings change. Whether it's the introduction of a new product, service, or process, the Change Curve offers insights into how these innovations might be received emotionally by stakeholders. By understanding and addressing these emotional dynamics, innovations can be integrated more seamlessly and effectively. Discerning the Alignment: Is the Change Curve the Right Navigational Tool? While the Change Curve offers profound insights into the emotional dynamics of change, its relevance must be assessed against the backdrop of an organization's specific challenges and contexts. Here's where the Change Curve shines: Major Organizational Transformations: For organizations undergoing significant change or restructuring, the Change Curve provides invaluable emotional insights. Leadership Transitions: Leaders, in their roles as change agents, can benefit immensely from understanding the stages of the Change Curve, allowing them to lead with empathy and foresight. Cultural Shifts: For organizations aiming to shift or transform their culture, the Change Curve offers a roadmap to understand potential resistances, areas of exploration, and pathways to commitment. However, for challenges that are purely technical, logistical, or market-driven, the Change Curve, while offering supportive emotional insights, might not be the complete solution. Tailoring and Implementing the Change Curve For the Change Curve to truly manifest its transformative potential, it must be tailored to the organization's unique landscape. A roadmap for OD consultants: Engaging Introduction: Begin by introducing the Change Curve, elucidating its stages and relevance using real-world organizational scenarios. Facilitate Immersive Workshops: Conduct workshops where teams can identify their current position on the Change Curve, explore their emotions, and chart a path forward. Continuous Support: Ensure that support mechanisms are in place, especially for stages that might involve resistance, confusion, or exploration. Feedback Mechanisms: Establish channels for feedback, allowing members to share their experiences, insights, and emotional journeys as they navigate change. Sensing the Transformation: The Change Curve in Motion The transformative potential of the Change Curve, when deeply integrated, can manifest vividly across the organizational spectrum: Individual Level: Enhanced self-awareness, understanding of one's emotional journey, and the tools to navigate change more effectively. Team Level: A collective sense of understanding, mutual support, and shared strategies to embrace change. Organizational Level: Smoother transitions, reduced resistance, and a culture that views change not as a disruption but as a journey of growth and evolution. The Change Curve, with its deep insights into the emotional landscape of change, offers organizations a compass to navigate the often-turbulent seas of transformation. It underscores the importance of empathy, understanding, and support. For organizations aiming to chart new horizons of well-being and prosperity, the Change Curve serves as a guiding light, illuminating the emotional pathways to a more adaptive, resilient, and thriving future. 1. Organizational Transformation: A large manufacturing company decided to implement a new production process. Initially, employees were in denial, fearing the disruption of their routines. Through effective change management, including communication and training, the organization guided its workforce through the stages of the Change Curve. Eventually, employees embraced the new process, resulting in increased efficiency and productivity. 2. Personal Career Change: Sarah, a mid-career professional, decided to change careers and pursue her passion for art. Initially, she resisted leaving her stable job. However, with the support of career counseling and self-reflection, she moved through the Change Curve stages. She explored opportunities, acquired new skills, and ultimately committed to her artistic journey, finding fulfillment in her new career. 3. Crisis Response: In the wake of a natural disaster, a community experienced shock and denial. As community leaders provided support, communicated transparently, and engaged in recovery efforts, residents gradually moved through the Change Curve. They explored new ways of rebuilding their community, ultimately committing to a more resilient future. These cases illustrate how the Change Curve can guide organizations, individuals, and communities through the process of change and transformation. How to Introduce the Change Curve When introducing the Change Curve, consider these steps: Historical Background: Begin with a brief overview of the origins of the Change Curve and its adaptation for various contexts. Core Stages: Explain the fundamental stages of the Change Curve, emphasizing that they are a natural response to change. Emotional Impact: Discuss the emotional impact of change and how individuals may experience a range of emotions. Resilience and Adaptation: Highlight the capacity for individuals and organizations to adapt and thrive through change. Real-Life Examples: Share examples of how the Change Curve has been applied successfully in different settings. Sample Introduction Script "Hello, everyone! Today, we embark on a journey to understand the Change Curve—a powerful model that sheds light on how we respond to change. Are you ready to explore the natural stages we go through when faced with transformation and discover strategies to navigate them effectively?" Helpful Facilitator Questions How do you typically respond to change in your personal or professional life? Can you recall a specific change or transition you experienced recently, and how did you navigate it? What emotions or reactions have you observed in yourself or others when facing change? How might understanding the stages of the Change Curve improve your ability to navigate change effectively? In what ways can leaders and organizations support individuals and teams as they move through the Change Curve? What strategies can individuals employ to progress from resistance to commitment during change? How can the Change Curve be adapted for different cultural or global contexts? What potential challenges or obstacles might individuals or organizations encounter when applying the Change Curve model? How does acknowledging and addressing emotional reactions contribute to successful change management? How can the Change Curve be used as a tool for personal development and growth? Navigating the Change Journey While the Change Curve provides valuable insights, potential challenges may emerge: Resistance and Frustration: Individuals and teams may experience resistance and frustration during the denial and resistance stages. Change Fatigue: Prolonged or frequent changes can lead to change fatigue, impacting morale and productivity. Cultural Sensitivity: Ensuring that the Change Curve is culturally sensitive and adaptable is crucial in diverse contexts. Awareness of these challenges and a commitment to supporting individuals through change are essential. Recognizing Change Success Successful navigation of the Change Curve is evidenced through: Adaptation and Growth: Individuals and organizations adapt to change and experience growth and development. Commitment and Alignment: Commitment to the change vision and alignment with new behaviors and mindsets. Resilience: Resilience in the face of challenges and the ability to rebound from setbacks. These markers indicate the successful application of the Change Curve, guiding individuals and organizations towards transformative change. Transition Theory (William Bridges) Field: Organizational Development Transition Theory explores the psychological and emotional aspects of change and transition, complementing the Change Curve's focus on stages of response. Psychological Resilience Theory (Ann Masten) Field: Psychology Psychological Resilience Theory examines how individuals can adapt and thrive in the face of adversity, aligning with the Change Curve's emphasis on resilience. Positive Organizational Scholarship (Kim Cameron and Jane Dutton) Field: Organizational Development Positive Organizational Scholarship emphasizes the role of positive emotions and strengths in organizations, aligning with the Change Curve's recognition of emotional impact and strengths-based approach. How has your understanding of the Change Curve influenced your approach to personal or organizational change? Can you identify specific stages of the Change Curve that resonate with your past change experiences? How can the Change Curve be applied to enhance your leadership or team development strategies? In what ways can recognizing and addressing emotional reactions during change contribute to more effective change management? How might the Change Curve be adapted or customized to address unique challenges in your cultural or organizational context? What strategies can you implement to support individuals and teams as they progress through the Change Curve stages? How does the Change Curve align with or challenge your previous perspectives on change and transformation? What insights have you gained about your own resilience and adaptability through the lens of the Change Curve? How can the Change Curve be integrated into personal development and growth journeys? What innovative approaches or tools can enhance the application of the Change Curve in diverse settings? How do individuals and teams experience and navigate the Change Curve in different organizational contexts? What are the key success factors in implementing change management strategies informed by the Change Curve? How can the Change Curve be adapted to address change fatigue in organizations? What are the long-term outcomes of successfully navigating the Change Curve in personal and professional development? How can the Change Curve inform crisis response and recovery efforts in various industries? "On Death and Dying" by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Explore the original work by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross on grief and loss, which laid the foundation for the Change Curve. "Managing Transitions: Making the Most of Change" by William Bridges William Bridges' book delves into Transition Theory and offers insights into the psychological aspects of change. "The Resilience Factor: 7 Keys to Finding Your Inner Strength and Overcoming Life's Hurdles" by Karen Reivich and Andrew Shatte Discover the principles of psychological resilience and how they align with navigating change effectively. Embark on your journey through the Change Curve, acknowledging the stages of response and embracing transformation. As you navigate change, may you find resilience, growth, and new opportunities on the horizon.	<urn:uuid:3096e7b5-82f7-455a-95ea-6f95dbb22e4c>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "url": "https://www.opensourceod.com/ultimatetoolbox/the-change-curve", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00578.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9060787558555603, "token_count": 3086, "score": 2.75, "int_score": 3 }
A recent archeological finding in Russia has shed some more light on the historic use of marijuana among the nomadic Scythian people. Two artifacts that were confirmed as bongs and some smaller objects, all composed of solid gold, were found in a burial site in Southern Russian. The bongs were found with a thick residue and were used to smoke a powerful combination of cannabis and opium. They were used by the Scythians who ruled in large areas of Eurasia for a period of over 1,000 years. The bongs are 24 centuries old The bongs were found to be approximately 2,400 years old and were very detailed in their designs, featuring pictorial representations of animals and people. They were found in a large grave mound in Southern Russia in the Caucasus Mountains, one of the regions where Scythians lived between 900 BC and 400 AD. The bongs were possibly used during ceremonies and were found in a chamber filled with 7 pounds of other gold artifacts including bracelets and neck and finger rings. The finding backs up Herodotus’s claim Ancient Greek writer Herodotus described how Scythians used cannabis in their ceremonial practices, and the finding certainly backs up his claims. He once wrote, “Scythians used a plant to produce smoke that no Grecian vapour-bath can surpass…” Antonn Gass and Andrei Belinski are two historians from the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation who believed that the bongs were “beyond doubt” used to smoke both opium and cannabis at the same time. They may have also been used to brew the mixture together as well. A once in a decade archeological finding The finding is considered to be one of the best ever by many archeologists. Gass mentioned, “these are among the finest objects that we know from the region.” The bongs were not revealed to the public until the group had fully searched the burial mound to check for other possibly more valuable artifacts. Each bong tells a different story with its pictures. One bong shows an older warrior slaying younger warriors and may be a description of the wars that the Scythians fought with neighboring Persia. Another bong depicts mythological creatures including a stag and griffons attacking a horse. The Scythian people were known to be fearsome warriors, and they were one of the first groups to master mounted warfare. However, they were not the first group to use cannabis, as other evidence has found that it was cultivated as long ago as 8,000 BC or even earlier. Agriculture is thought to have been first developed around 10,000 BC.	<urn:uuid:e6e201f3-67ce-458a-a365-f232b60646d3>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "url": "https://datdank.wordpress.com/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103271864.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626192142-20220626222142-00752.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9876037836074829, "token_count": 540, "score": 2.875, "int_score": 3 }
Effects of Geomagnetic, Solar and Other Factors on Humans "All biological systems on Earth are exposed to an external and internal environment of fluctuating invisible magnetic fields of a wide range of frequencies. These fields can affect virtually every cell and circuit to a greater or lesser degree." – Synchronization of Human Autonomic Nervous System Rhythms with Geomagnetic Activity in Human Subjects, a newly published study in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. A research team that conducted the study cited above and published this month added further evidence to the scientific community’s understanding of how human autonomic nervous systems respond to environment influences. In this study, those influences resulted from, among other factors, changes in solar and geomagnetic activity, cosmic rays and the frequencies known as the Schumann resonances. Led by HeartMath Institute Director of Research Dr. Rollin McCraty, the research team also found that the study participants’ heart rate variability rhythms synchronized remarkably, with one another over the more-than-four-week study period. That was despite the participants all being in separate locations. "This study was unique," the authors write, "for several reasons: first, it utilized continuous monitoring of HRV (heart rate variability) over a 31-day period in a group of individuals that went about their normal day-to-day lives. Then, by chance, a number of dynamic changes in the solar, cosmic ray, and magnetic environment occurred that allowed the opportunity to examine how the group’s ANS responded to these various changes." While a central focus of the study was acquiring new data about the effects of the various factors mentioned above on autonomic nervous system activity, researchers hope these and future related findings ultimately can help to benefit human health and well-being. Why Heart Rate Variability? HRV is the naturally occurring change in the time intervals between adjacent pairs of heartbeats. It provides an actual physiological measurement of human autonomic nervous system activity and dynamics. So, when participants’ HRV increased or decreased, researchers could make corresponding determinations of how their autonomic nervous systems were being influenced, or changing as well. One of the findings suggested, for example, that parasympathetic nervous system activity is enhanced during periods of increased solar radio flux (an index that measures solar high frequency radio wave activity) and cosmic rays. (The parasympathetic nervous system, sometimes called the rest and digest system, helps us conserve energy by slowing heart rate, increasing intestinal and gland activity and relaxing sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.) The researchers note in their writing that "a previous study also found that an increase in solar radio flux index was associated with lower fatigue, increased positive affect, and mental clarity, while increased SWS (solar wind speed) had the opposite effects." It is important to understand, as the study explains and HeartMath research has shown, each individual’s level of HRV is critical in their overall health. "Low levels of age-adjusted HRV indicate chronic stress, pathology, or inadequate functioning in various levels of regulatory control systems in the neuroaxis (the axis of the central nervous system), and is predictive of all-cause mortality. "Healthy levels of HRV indicate psychological resiliency, behavioral flexibility and capacity to effectively self-regulate and to adapt to changing social or environmental demands, one’s sense of coherence, the personality character traits of self-directedness, and performance on cognitive performance tasks requiring the use of executive functions." “There were strong positive correlations between cosmic rays and HRV variables, suggesting a beneficial response to increases in cosmic rays.” Cosmic Rays: Good or Bad? Among the various activity scientists observed was the normal occurrence of or decline in cosmic rays. Cosmic rays, or CRs are highly energetic atomic nucleuses or other particles that travel through space at speeds approaching the speed of light, 186,000 miles per second. During the early part of this study, there was a sharp decrease in the number of normally occurring cosmic ray counts because of an increase in the solar wind speed, "which appeared to be associated with reduced HRV measures," the study notes. That’s important because, according to a previous study, "There were strong positive correlations between cosmic rays and HRV variables, suggesting a beneficial response to increases in cosmic rays. Other studies have also suggested beneficial effects, at least in healthy populations." Schumann Resonance Power and Your Heart The Schumann resonances (SR) are the electromagnetic frequencies of the Earth-ionosphere cavity. Electromagnetic impulses, such as those caused by global lightening flashes, fill this cavity and excite the Schumann resonances. During quieter magnetic periods Schumann resonance power (SRP) "appears to play an important role in synchronizing people’s slow wave heart rhythms. The potential importance of these rhythms is currently unknown, but (eventually it) may be important to better understand human health and well-being." While further research is needed to gain a fuller understanding of how SRP affects heart rhythms, the study’s authors state that their findings suggest "a beneficial effect of increased SRP, which was also supported by findings of reduced diastolic, systolic, and mean blood pressure during periods of higher SRP." Despite any of the various implications of positive or negative effects this study showed the various geomagnetic and solar activity and other environmental factors to have on the participants, the authors qualified the results by noting the following. "It has been found that individuals have different degrees of sensitivity to the Earth’s magnetic fields, and can even respond in opposite ways to changes in the same environmental variable." “Human regulatory systems are designed to adapt to daily and seasonal climatic and geomagnetic variations; however, sharp changes in solar and geomagnetic activity and geomagnetic storms can stress these regulatory systems, resulting in alterations in melatonin/serotonin balance, blood pressure, immune system, reproductive, cardiac, and neurological processes.” Click the study to read it in its entirety, Synchronization of Human Autonomic Nervous System Rhythms with Geomagnetic Activity in Human Subjects.	<urn:uuid:a42ee81b-8274-4930-bfd0-e4e8fb020df6>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47", "url": "https://www.heartmath.org/articles-of-the-heart/effects-geomagnetic-solar-factors-humans/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742316.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20181114211915-20181114233915-00308.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9382064342498779, "token_count": 1288, "score": 3.28125, "int_score": 3 }
DNA mutations driving cancer development are caused by different mechanisms, each of them leaving behind specific patterns, or “scars” in the genome. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, researchers at CeMM and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute at Cambridge, UK were able to show for the first time in cell culture that specific genetic alterations indeed lead to the predicted pattern of mutational signatures observed in human cancers. The results were published in Nature Communications (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04052-8). When a cell develops into a tumor, something has gone terribly wrong: the uncontrolled growth, invasion of nearby tissues and finally metastasis are the result of many consecutive DNA mutations. Such an accumulation of demolished genetic material often derives from initial environmental exposures, enzymatic activities or defects in DNA replication or DNA repair mechanisms. Each of those initial mutagenic conditions creates their own pattern of DNA damage called mutational signature. Deciphering them could theoretically allow us to trace back the initial cause of a tumor, profile its properties and help find a therapeutic strategy. However, reading those mutational signatures in tumor samples is a difficult task, as the large amount of mutations that a patient acquires during its lifetime create a noisy and uncontrolled system – even the best clinical data will, at most, provide only associations. Therefore, the group of Joanna Loizou, Principal Investigator at CeMM in collaboration with researchers from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, developed an experimental setup to validate the concept of mutational signatures in cell culture. The findings of this study not only confirm an analytical principle that describes mutational processes and cancer development, mutational signatures are a direct mechanistic read-out of specific dysfunctions of a cell. Thus, even if the underlying gene defect is unknown, mutational signatures could be used as biomarkers for the molecular characterization of tumors – a new diagnostic tool to improve the precise and personalized treatment of cancer. Xueqing Zou, Michel Owusu, Rebecca Harris, Stephen P. Jackson, Joanna I. Loizou#, Serena Nik-Zainal# (*These authors contributed equally to this work # Corresponding authors). Validating the concept of mutational signatures with isogenic cell models. Nature Communications 9, 2018. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04052-8. The study was funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the European Commission (Marie-Curie Career Integration Grant), the Austrian Science Fund FWF and the Wellcome Trust.	<urn:uuid:3e09bc9a-2ebf-4794-98a0-5486ccd0685f>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-51", "url": "https://cemm.at/news/n/news/tracing-the-footprints-of-a-tumor-genomic-scars-allow-cancer-profiling/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823895.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212134123-20181212155623-00293.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.914405107498169, "token_count": 527, "score": 3, "int_score": 3 }
White Americans' diets produce more greenhouse gases than those of other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Popular Science reports on a study published in the Journal of Industrial Ecology that found white people’s diets contribute more to climate change than those of black and Latino people. Specifically, researchers pinpointed foods with the highest environmental impacts and determined their consumption rates among different demographic groups. Lead researcher Joe Bozeman, a doctoral student at the Institute of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago, hopes this novel study will be the first of many that take a more sociological approach to environmental research, he told the publication. “There was a lot more interesting research and publications done in other countries,” Bozeman says. “For whatever reason, there seems to not be as many clear and practical studies done on how race, food and climate change affected folks in the United States.” Bozeman and his team used existing studies and data to compile food-energy-water impacts—land usage, water usage and greenhouse gas emissions—of foods such as apples, potatoes, dairy and meat. They brought in the consumption rates of these foods among white, black and Latino racial and ethnic groups outlined in the EPA’s “What We Eat in America,” a database that breaks down common foods by the different demographic groups that consume them. Using statistical tests, they determined whether or not the differences between the groups in the consumption of these foods was significant. While the study found that, on average, black people’s diets use the most land per person, white Americans’ fare uses the most water and emits the highest amounts of greenhouse gases. Bozeman says he hopes that we can begin to frame the conversation about adapting to climate change—and coming up with climate change solutions—with social sensitivity in mind.	<urn:uuid:487a0859-32d7-4a37-9ad7-9b6934dc22cb>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "url": "https://www.winsightgrocerybusiness.com/technology/which-diets-produce-most-greenhouse-gases", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886095.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704073244-20200704103244-00018.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9456172585487366, "token_count": 384, "score": 3.359375, "int_score": 3 }
Top 8 Cloud-Related Skills Employers Are Demanding In today’s tech job market, some scoff at the concept of job security. While there may be some truth to that, there are things you can do to stay ahead of the curve and keep your IT skills relevant. And perhaps the best way to stay in demand is to master the tech skills most directly related to the cloud. Hadoop has become a big player in the enterprise and is virtually synonymous with big data. Inspired by Google’s MapReduce framework, Hadoop was created to deal with the enormous amounts of data the Google team was creating. In a recent survey, Dice asked more than 1,000 technology-focused hiring managers and recruiters about their biggest expected demand for data analytics professionals for the upcoming year and Hadoop skills topped the list at 25 percent. Companies are using this open source Java framework to handle and sift through thousands of data points from disparate sources and systems. By providing a basic messaging framework that can be built upon by more abstract layers, SOAP, which is essentially a protocol for exchanging XML-based messages over a network, serves as the foundation layer of the Web services stack. As the successor of XML-RPC, it specifies how to encode an HTTP header and an XML file so that an application in one computer can pass information to an application in another computer while specifying how the called program should return a response. RESTful approaches, often used instead of SOAP lately, remove SOAP faults, instead relying upon HTTP error codes that may not be helpful to either the application or the developer. Python–a general-purpose, high-level programming language that emphasizes code readability–enables programmers to express concepts using less code than would be possible in other common programming languages. It provides them with constructs that are effective on both small and large scale applications. In April of 2008, Python was the first and only programming language supported by Google’s App Engine cloud development platform, and its simple and effective constructs are still being used by cloud developers for the same reasons. Ruby–a dynamic, reflective, general-purpose object-oriented programming language–was created by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto in the mid-1990s. It was influenced by Eiffel and Lisp, and combines syntax similar to that of Perl with features much like Smalltalk. Ruby on Rails, usually shortened to just Rails, is an open source full-stack Web application framework for the Ruby programming language. Rails, which uses the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture pattern to organize application programming, works well for cloud computing because of that architecture. Perl, which was originally developed in 1987 by Larry Wall, was intended to be a general-purpose Unix scripting language. It combines features from other programming languages such as C, with features from shell scripting, AWK and sed to provide programmers with powerful text-processing facilities that then enable the easy manipulation of data from text files. Its parsing functionality made it popular in the 1990s as a CGI scripting language, and it is commonly referred to today as the glue that binds the Internet together, the “Swiss Army chainsaw of scripting languages.” For cloud developers, Perl Catalyst and projects such as Cloud Perl are indicative of the fact that Perl will continue to be used to help build the Web of the future. PHP–which originally was an acronym for Personal Home Page and now stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor–was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and is still the most often used server-side scripting language on the Web, used by more 75 percent of all Websites in existence. Cloud hosting has opened up even more opportunities for PHP developers, as the ease of app migration that came with cloud programming environments vastly improved the upgrade process, leaving developers to focus on programming, rather than setting up test environments on local machines. New classes provided by the Zend Framework make using cloud-based storage services even easier for PHP developers who wish to use cloud storage services from Amazon and other providers. Microsoft’s cloud platform, known as the Azure Services Platform, has simplified the app migration process for .NET and Java developers, who are now able to use in a cloud-based runtime environment the same tools and APIs they are used to working with in their local run-time environment. This type of mixing and matching, along with the capability to scale elastically, is what the whole concept of “deploying in the cloud” is about. Microsoft’s .NET Services puts the Microsoft .NET Framework in the cloud, and provides many common building blocks for .NET developers that make it much easier to create cloud-based applications. Storage engineers are typically responsible for installing and configuring the storage system for their employer. Until recently, their responsibilities have included designing installations and configurations for Network Attached Storage (NAS), Storage Area Networks (SAN), backup/recovery servers, tape library management software, and archive and retrieval systems management software. Other data storage systems, such as disk arrays, virtual storage devices, storage resource management software, file systems and volume managers, also fell under the storage engineering umbrella. The concept of cloud storage has opened up new opportunities and with them, new responsibilities for the Storage Engineer.	<urn:uuid:11aa85fc-2024-403f-b5a9-59628b65c25e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "url": "https://www.inspyrsolutions.com/top-8-cloud-related-skills-employers-are-demanding/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206031946-20231206061946-00242.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9465551972389221, "token_count": 1094, "score": 2.546875, "int_score": 3 }
Study rankers: notes ch 12 electricity\| class 10th science, Study material and notes of ch 12 electricity class 10th science. topics in the chapter • introduction • current physics part-i ncert solutions ;. Cbse ncert notes class 10 physics electricity – examfear, Cbse ncert notes for class 10 physics electricity. electricity and a few terminologies. electricityis a controllable form of energy used to run a variety of electrical and electronic equipment like fan, bulb, tv, radio etc.. Study material class 10+2 – physics- current, Study material for class 10+2 – physics- current electricity www.rsnotes.in for free study material: notes/mcq/assignments etc of 9 th, 10 ,10+1, 10+2,nda,tet, aieee/iit-jee. Icse class 10 physics – current electricity teacher’ notes, Icse current electricity teacher’ notes class 10 physics, written rp khandanga, includes variety ways master topic. important notes solved questions, covered critical topic interesting easy learn.. Electricity cbse class 10 – topperlearning., Get electricity , physics chapter notes, video lessons, practice test cbse board class 10 topperlearning.. Cbse 10, physics, cbse- electricity, notes, Notes , class 10, physics, cbse- electricity . battery connected circuit, potential difference terminals battery equal emf battery..	<urn:uuid:d2f39068-c706-43a9-9a9c-a7402442f645>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47", "url": "http://voltageelectricity.tk/electricity-class-10-physics-notes/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039747369.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20181121072501-20181121094501-00355.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.7641973495483398, "token_count": 309, "score": 3.5, "int_score": 4 }
Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings. The vast majority of building construction jobs are small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. Often, the owner of the property acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project. However, all building construction projects include some elements in common – design, financial, estimating and legal considerations. Many projects of varying sizes reach undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation. For this reason, those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome. Commercial building construction is procured privately or publicly utilizing various delivery methodologies, including cost estimating, hard bid, negotiated price, traditional, management contracting, construction management-at-risk, design & build and design-build bridging. Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes of practice. Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used (e.g. brick versus stone, versus timber). Cost of construction on a per square meter (or per square foot) basis for houses can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale (custom designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled tradespeople. As residential construction (as well as all other types of construction) can generate a lot of waste, careful planning again is needed here. This is the second time I used the company and they did not disappoint me. From the office staff to the guys doing the actual moving I felt that they all treated me special and valued me as a customer. As efficiency codes have come into effect in recent years, new construction technologies and methods have emerged. University Construction Management departments are on the cutting edge of the newest methods of construction intended to improve efficiency, performance and reduce construction waste. New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in 3D printing technology. In a form of additive building construction, similar to the additive manufacturing techniques for manufactured parts, building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in around 20 hours, with built-in plumbing and electrical facilities, in one continuous build, using large 3D printers. Working versions of 3D-printing building technology are already printing 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) of building material per hour as of January 2013, with the next-generation printers capable of 3.5 metres (11 ft) per hour, sufficient to complete a building in a week. Dutch architect Janjaap Ruijssenaars's performative architecture 3D-printed building is scheduled to be built in 2014.	<urn:uuid:6e4447b6-7449-4982-9cf9-dc21d81d7c96>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "url": "https://bridggez.com/blog-post", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057366.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20210922132653-20210922162653-00639.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.944621741771698, "token_count": 560, "score": 2.625, "int_score": 3 }
\|This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2012)\| \|Regions with significant populations\| \|Christian, Islam, African indigenous religion\| \|Related ethnic groups\| \|Asu people of Kenya\| The Pare (pronounced "Pahray") people are members of an ethnic group indigenous to the Pare Mountains of northern Tanzania, part of the Kilimanjaro Region. Pareland is also known as Vuasu (Asu the root word and Chasu or Athu, the language). The location lies on one of the northern routes for historic east-African long-distance trade, connecting the hinterland with the coast of the Indian Ocean. The residents of northern Pare recognise two sub-areas based on ethnolinguistic differences: Kigweno-speaking Ugweno to the north and Chasu-speaking Usangi to the south. The Pare were the main producers of iron for which there was considerable demand by the Chaga and other adjacent populations. Notable Pare blacksmiths include the Shana clan (Shana, meaning blacksmith) who have maintained the tradition to this present day. The Pare were also known as rainmakers, one notable exponent being Mfumwa (Chief) Muhammad Kibacha Singo, a local ruler of Same who died in January 1981, estimated to be aged between 120 and 140 years. The Ugweno kingdom of northern Pare emerged in the 17th century. The German colonial era lasted until 1963 when the chiefdom was abolished by an independent Tanganyika government. At the start of the 20th century the population of South Pare (now known as Same District) was estimated at 22,000 (Naval Intelligence Division, 1920, p. 28) comprising an ethnic group called Asu or Pare who are speakers of Chasu, a Bantu language. They are patrilineal and were in several areas organized into small chiefdoms. The Pare Union formed in 1946 was one of Tanzania's first ethnic-based nationalist movements to begin activism against the colonial system. Among many grievances, was the exploitation through the production of export crops particularly Sisal and Coffee. Like many other ethnic-based political groups in Tanganyika, The Pare Union then became part of the Tanganyika African Association (TAA) which later became the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) in 1954. This avoided groups like the Pare Union forming into full political parties that were ethnic in orientation. Moses Seenarine writes of the contribution of Pare women in the struggle: 'The Pare women's uprising in northwest Shambaai, Tanzania, occurred in early January 1945 and continued with demonstrations into 1946, involving thousands of women. It began in Usangi, one of the chiefdoms, when the district commissioner arrived for discussions with the local chief. A crowd of five hundred women appeared, demanding an explanation of mbiru, a system of graduated taxation. When the commissioner tried to leave without addressing the women, they became enraged and mobbed the assembled officials. Two days later, women surrounded the chief's house singing songs, and ultimately stoned officials and battled police.' Ms. Damari Namdori Sefue (née Kangalu), was the first Tanganyikan (Now Tanzania Mainland) woman to qualify as a teacher. (For more please see The Development Of the SDA Church in Eastern Africa, Edited by K.B. Elineema, p. 56). Another important historical event is that of Mbiru, a protest during the colonial period by the Pare people which involved refusal to pay tax. It was led by Paulo Kajiru of Mamba. Professor Kimambo of University of Dar es Salaam has written a book describing this event. Sheridan (2004) documents on archival sources and oral histories to explain how the altering of post-colonial land management in the North Pare (currently known as Mwanga) Mountains affected environmental conditions. Colonial forest management and water policies were all abandoned, affecting villagers in many aspects including environmental degradation and a drop in management capacity. The area's chief produce is tea, Coffee, sisal, and cinchona. Rice is grown in the swampy plains. The Parelands are by Tanzanian standards, quite prosperous as its infrastructure of roads, electricity, telephones, and piped water supply attests. An older infrastructure of irrigation furrows, stone-lined terraces, and sacred forests lies alongside these newer technologies and shows that the Pare landscape has been carefully managed for centuries. In 1890, for example, a German geographer praised the area's stone terraces as being. similar to European vineyards and stated that the North Pare irrigation system was a "truly magnificent achievement for a primitive people" (Baumann, 1891:229). Makande is a typical dish of the Pare tribe, who live in the Pare Mountains, and is popular throughout Tanzania. The dish is a kind of stew of maize, red beans, onions, garlic, tomatoes, and chicken stock, and it’s normally prepared on Friday and lasts through Sunday evening, which gives people more time to socialize during the weekend without worrying about cooking—the food is kept in a big clay pot on the damp ground so it stays cool. Kishumba is another traditional food,is kind of bananas being cooked together with red beans and being crushed to make something like hard porridge.It is normally prepared for the shamba work. Vughai is another traditional food, is kind of hard porridge being prepared by either banana cassava or maize flour, or a mixture of both. It is saved with either vegetable, beans(or beans family) or meat/fish/chicken stew or both if available. When saved with meat/chicken it is considered a good welcoming dish for guests. Before the introduction of western medicine there were certain symptoms which were being cured using traditional medicine. Children used to suffer Wintu (mouth sore) was a fungal ailment thought to come from the mother’s breast. It was treated by giving the child sheep’s milk instead of the breast. Kirumu, kirutu, and kinyoka (eye infection of the newborn). This may be neonatal conjunctivitis. The juice of leaves from a plant called mwore was used as a cure. Mtoro (diarrhea), made ‘the child as thin as firewood.’ Ash of the root of wild banana was administered orally as medicine. Mwana equhiwe ntembo was believed to be caused by a witch who had been able to take a piece of the placenta. The child died with difficulty in breathing after a short time for no apparent reason, as if it had been buried alive. Beliefs. The most prominent and notable belief in Pare people was that,when a baby is born and milk teeth starting to grow from the upper jaw,it is believed to be a curse to the society and thus will be killed by being pushed on the edge of a large rock with the steep slope facing down the mountain,this belief has now been faded away due to the civilization brought by the literate among the early scholars of the society. Places of interest 1. Usangi is a small, spread-out town 3 hours from Moshi, located in some kind of crater surrounded by a bunch of peaks that is the Northern Pare Mountains. 2. Ugweno is located in the North Pare Mountains about 80 km from the capital of Kilimanjaro, Moshi. 3. Suji, Kilimanjaro is located approximately 20 km from Makanya, a town on the main Dar es Salaam - Moshi road. 4. Shengena Natural Forest is part of Eastern Arch Mountain.In this forest there are some ponds whose water is milky in colour and some have black colour and the soil has some different colours from place to place some is goldish,some is pinky. 5. Ndungu irrigation scheme, supplying rice to Kilimanjaro and Tanga region. 6. Kihurio, adjacent to Ndungu, is also notable for rice cultivation. 7. Mamba Giti is where the S.D.A Church was founded in East Africa. 8. Mbaga where there is also Ibwe (stone) la vana or mkumba vana used to kill innocent children due to wrong beliefs. 9. Gonja where there is a water falls known as NDURUMO of about 400 mts along Hingilili river,Ibwe leteta, sacred forests, Gonja Lutheran hospital, Shengena forest, Bombo local market in every Friday, hiking from Gonja Maore to Vuje village and then to Shengena peak the highest point in Pare mountains. 10. There is a rock with a shape like a human nose in Mshihwi, known as Ikamba la fua (Nose Rock). 11. There is a rock in Southern Usangi on the slopes of the Hills as you go down to kwakoa village this rock is known as "Ibwe lavyana"; it is this rock where the innocent children were killed. 12. Mkomazi National Park - It was a Game Reserve before it was upgraded to National Park in 2006. - Cleopa Msuya, former prime minister - Asha-Rose Migiro United Nations 3rd deputy secretary general - Eli Leonard mndeme,Jambazi sugu also a structural engineer in Dar es Salaam - Omben Yohane SefueChief Secretary of United Republic of Tanzania - Halima Mdee A Member of Tanzanian Parliament - Ahadi Kakore Sports Journalist (Editor, New Habari 2007 ltd) - Anne Kilango Malecela A Member of Tanzanian Parliament - DR. Mathayo David Mathayo A Member of Tanzanian Parliament - Prof: Jumanne Maghembe A Member of Tanzanian Parliament - Dr. Rev. Leonard Mtaita General Secretary Christian Council of Tanzania - Eliaza Mmbaga ELLY Expedition Tour Guide,leader and tour organizer, First Tanzanian professional Mt Guide to attain Bachelor degree on Tourism Management from Tanzania public university - Julius A. Mjamaa, Principal Administrative Officer, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation - Elineema, K. B. (1995). The Development of the SDA Church in Eastern Africa. Tanzania: Dar Es Salaam University Press. - Hakansson, N. T. (1998). Rulers and Rainmakers in Pre-colonial South Pare, Tanzania: Exchange and Ritual Experts in Political Centralization. Ethnology SUM, 1998, V37. - Hakansson, N. T. (1998). Pagan Practices and the Death of Children: German Colonial Missionaries and Child Health Care in South Pare, Tanzania. Uppsala University, Sweden. - Sheridan, Michael (2004). The environmental consequences of independence and socialism in North Pare, Tanzania, 1961-1988. (Working papers in African studies). - Naval Intelligence Division. (1920). A Handbook of German East Africa. London: Naval Intelligence, Admirality, HMSO. - Mpangala, G. P. (1999). Peace, Conflicts, ad Democratization Process in the Great Lakes Region: The Experience of Tanzania. Institute Of Development Studies, University Of Dar Es Salaam. - Kimambo, I. and Temu, A. (eds) (1969). A History of Tanzania. Dar Es Salaam. - Kasuka, B. (ed) (2013). African Writers. New Africa Press.	<urn:uuid:a5ecb24f-b9be-443a-965a-6f43ec0861c0>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-41", "url": "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare_people", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657129431.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011209-00015-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9493119716644287, "token_count": 2467, "score": 3.25, "int_score": 3 }
Every child counts: understanding the needs and perspectives of children with disabilities in the State of Palestine Children with disabilities (CWDs) are one of the most marginalised and excluded groups of children. Defined and judged by what they lack, rather than what they have, they experience widespread violations of their rights that result not from the intrinsic nature of disability but from the social exclusion that arises from it (UNICEF, 2013). Palestinian CWDs typically face a particularly dire situation, given the levels of cultural stigma directed at disability and the protracted conflict that surrounds them, which has devastated infrastructure, fractured the economy and overwhelmed service providers. This situation analysis and needs assessment, commissioned by UNICEF State of Palestine, adopts a lifecycle approach that captures difference at the individual, family and community levels. Paying attention to differences in age, gender, disability type and family characteristics, our study explores how Palestinian CWDs are marginalised and excluded, the obstacles they face in fulfilling their rights and what mechanisms might be put into place by the government, donors and non-governmental organisations (NGos), communities and families to better support their development and their rights. Mixed methods approach ODI's mixed-methods approach combined an extensive literature review with primary quantitative and qualitative data in seven governorates in Gaza and the West Bank. The literature review, which pulled together national reports about disability in general and CWDs in particular, allowed us to assess the evidence base and design our research instruments to augment the known and address the unknown. Critically, as not all CWDs are registered with the Ministry of Social Development (MOSD), meaning existent reports likely have significant blind spots, our quantitative sample used both government and non-government databases and explicitly aimed to be inclusive of a wide variety of children. The 851 children (and/or their caregivers) who completed our survey comprised boys and girls, children of varying ages and in- and out-of-school children. It also included a wide variety of disability types. Given that Palestinian culture tends to silence both children and those with disabilities, our qualitative work aimed to capture the unique voices of CWDs. To this end, we used a wide variety of adaptable participatory tools, recruited researchers with extensive experience working with CWDs and brought on board sign language interpreters to reach out to children with speech and hearing difficulties. While we acknowledge that, given limited resources, our research could not achieve full inclusivity, we believe it better captures the diversity of CWDs' experiences and needs than any research in Palestine thus far. In total, our qualitative sample included 62 key informants at local and national levels and individual and group interviews with 241 individuals who were either CWDs or siblings/caregivers of CWDs. Once the fieldwork was completed—and after the preliminary analysis was available—ODI organised and facilitated a number of regional and central-level participatory workshops in each area (four in Gaza and three in the West Bank) in order to be able to undertake a causal and capacity gap analysis to further enrich research findings. These workshops engaged participants to give their perspective on findings and to generate additional information about the causes of poor access to services and support. Policy, institutional and legal landscapes for Palestinian children with disabilities While the Palestinian Disability Law dates to 1999, and ostensibly guarantees Palestinians with disabilities the same rights as those without disabilities, the disability-related legal framework is generally regarded as unspecific and weak. However, the sector strategic plans adopted by the Palestinian Authority since 2011 have begun to operationalise government responsibilities for meeting the rights of citizens with disability. For example, the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MOEHE) is moving towards inclusive education and the Ministry of Health (MOH) provides all citizens with a disability with a comprehensive set of basic health care services. Critical to understanding both the successes and the failures of these plans is the fragmented way in which services are delivered in Palestine. Basic services are provided by both the government (for non-refugees) and the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) (for refugees), and disability-specific services, ranging from community-based rehabilitation (CBR) to special education, are most often offered by a crowded field of NGOs, usually under contract to the government and UNRWA. Challenges facing children with disabilities and their caregivers Given that our sample of CWDs was designed to be more representative than those of previous surveys, as it drew on both MOSD and NGO beneficiary lists, several sample characteristics represent key findings in their own right. For example, while MOSD registries listed less than 10% of CWDs as multiply disabled, we found that 41.8% of CWDs had more than one type of disability. We also found it was very common for families to have more than one PWD. Of all the households included in our study, 41.4% had at least one person with disability (PWD) in addition to the sampled CWD. Driven by high rates of consanguineous marriage and pollution, and made worse by poor antenatal, delivery and newborn care, in most cases (59.4%) the second PWD was another child. Families in Gaza were especially likely to have more than one CWD. As hinted at by our previous research on the Palestinian National Cash Transfer Programme (PNCTP) (Pereznieto et al. 20014), we also found families with CWDs were extremely likely to be poor. Nearly 40% had monthly incomes that were about half of the extreme poverty line. Children's limited access to services Both our quantitative and qualitative research found Palestinian CWDs were regularly denied access to the services guaranteed to them by law. For example, while most (53%) live in families that receive some cash assistance from MOSD—which is an artefact of the extreme poverty in which they live—very few receive any sort of disability-targeted assistance or even disability-related education from the ministry tasked with ensuring their well-being. Given the high costs associated with disability, for services and products ranging from transportation to nappies, families of CWDs almost universally reported a hard time making ends meet. Many of the children who required the most expensive support, such as wheelchairs and hearing aids, were simply forced to do without. Families, especially those in the West Bank, also reported difficulty with accessing quality education for their CWDs—although children with vision and hearing impairments experience relatively less difficulty than children with other sorts of disabilities. Our research found that because the stigma directed at CWDs by their peers—and even their teachers—is pervasive, schools are poorly adapted, transportation to and from school is expensive and specialised learning materials are often not available, CWDs are quite likely to drop out of school before they have completed basic education. The average age at which children in our sample left school was only 11.85. Children with cognitive and multiple disabilities are particularly likely to be denied an education, as are girls once they reach puberty. While all CWDs are putatively guaranteed free health insurance and access to a range of CBR services, our research also found access to health care was lacking. In addition to the fact that the basic package of available health services is not tailored to address the specific health care needs of those with disabilities, respondents reported that insurance did not cover medication, medical disposables or transport to and from medical appointments, and—critically—the coordination to facilitate follow-up and improve continuity of care is almost completely lacking. Furthermore, while our qualitative work found families were overall quite happy with the care their children received at more specialised institutions, children and caregivers said mainstream medical providers were at times even hostile to CWDs, particularly those born with disabilities rather than acquiring them 'heroically' in conflict. Respondents reported that a significant factor in children's lack of access to services was the poorly adapted Palestinian environment. Not only are schools and health clinics often unaccommodating to those with special needs, but also specialised transport is essentially unavailable and private homes often un-adaptable, given over-crowding and large family sizes. This often means that home environments challenge even children with vision and hearing difficulties—not only those with mobility constraints. Family and community life Our research found that caring for CWDs was a burden born disproportionately by mothers. While fathers sometimes provide complementary care, Palestinian culture does not encourage the day-to-day involvement of fathers—especially with regard to physical care of children and especially girls. Indeed, several girls with disabilities reported that their fathers were actively hostile towards them. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of mothers in our qualitative sample tended to work extremely long hours with little opportunity for respite. Often, the only 'reward' for their efforts is blame for producing a `damaged' child. Gender-based violence is common, with both in-laws and husbands emotionally, verbally and physically abusing mothers, and in some cases mothers of CWDs are forced to accommodate co-wives as husbands seek to produce healthy children. Our qualitative research found circumstances were especially fraught for mothers who had more than one CWD. Families' awareness of the rights and services to which their children are entitled is low. Nearly nine in 10, for example, were unaware there were disability-related forums and nearly half did not know their children were eligible for CBR. Our qualitative work found that in part this was because parents either found it difficult to admit that their children had a disability (most common for fathers) or had been unable to obtain an accurate diagnosis for their children (most common for children who appeared to be on the autism spectrum). It was compounded by many parents' beliefs that their children could be 'cured'. CWDs had relatively more awareness of their rights. However, given their negative experiences at school and with the health care system, they tended to not be only hesitant about demanding access but also adamant that they had fewer rights than their non-disabled peers and siblings. Our research found the stigma surrounding disability in Palestine was both pervasive and strong. Outside of the home—and sometimes even within it—CWDs tend to encounter very little actual support. Indeed, they are far more likely to encounter hostility and abuse. Over a third of children in our quantitative research reported that they avoided doing things simply because they could not bear the attitudes of those in the community and only 5% said they could always rely on their friends. Our qualitative work found that, for those CWDs who were able to access programming, including schooling that provided support and fostered inclusivity the results could be transformational. It also, unfortunately, found such programming was largely unavailable—particularly for the children with the most severe disabilities, girls and those living in more remote areas. Barriers to service uptake As noted above, our gap analysis workshops allowed us to closely explore capacity shortcomings with key disability stakeholders. While responses were many and varied, in part depending on where the stakeholder worked and which services he/she provided, they largely converged around six main themes. Stakeholders were, for example, deeply concerned about the lack of any sort of comprehensive registration system for CWDs. Not only is there no national database to help coordinate and track needs and services, but also, even within sector, there is little attempt to ascertain the size and shape of the population needing service. For instance, government schools do not keep records of which children have disabilities. Stakeholders observed that this lack of coordination was made worse by the highly fragmented provision of disability-related services and agreed that lack of political will to address disability in a coherent, cohesive manner was ultimately more of an issue than budget constraints. Workshop participants also noted insufficient capacity of adapted infrastructure and staff. Schools and health clinics are often not accessible; even when they are they are often only partially so, leaving children without access to toilets or computers labs. Furthermore, special education teachers are rare and regular classroom teachers do not often have any training or support to teach those with disabilities. Doctors and medical staff are similarly ill equipped. Most primary care providers are not trained to diagnose disability and few have an understanding of the service landscape that could be brought to bear to meet individual children's needs. Indeed, diagnostic capacity is low across sectors. Screenings to detect hearing and vision difficulties, for example, do not take place in infancy and early childhood, but when children enter Grade 1. There is no system in place to 'catch' children with more complex developmental issues such as autism. Conclusions and recommendations Our research finds Palestinian CWDs are highly vulnerable. They are very likely to be extremely poor, woefully under-supported to realise their rights to an appropriately tailored education and health care, have very few opportunities to participate in the social activities required for healthy development and poorly protected from abuse and exploitation. Both our quantitative and qualitative work, like the body of more narrowly targeted research that preceded it, finds CWDs' health, schooling and wellbeing outcomes are markedly worse than those of their siblings and peers without disabilities. Our research finds the families of CWDs—and especially their mothers—are also highly vulnerable. Given the dearth of disability-targeted services and the discriminatory social norms surrounding disability in Palestine, caregivers are not only largely left without respite, even when they have children with severe disabilities or several children with disabilities, but also often marginalised, isolated and abused, even by their own family members. Indeed, even the health care and educational providers meant to provide service sometimes perpetuate such stigma. The vulnerabilities facing Palestinian CWDs are often overlapping, leaving some children at particular risk. For example, those living in rural areas have far less access to services, because of transportation deficits. Bedouin children appear particularly vulnerable. Not only are their families the least likely to have easy access to services, but also our research finds their communities have especially limited awareness about disability rights and the care needs of CWDs. Adolescent girls with disability are also at heightened risk of neglect and abuse. The restrictive gender norms of the broader community means they are often denied their right to an education and the extreme stigma directed at disability, which plays into notions of family honour and can prevent their siblings without disabilities from finding marriage partners, means they are often hidden even within the family. Risks are also multiplied where families have several CWDs, which we found to be quite common. Our research finds the social assistance provided to CWDs is grossly inadequate. The PNCTP, laudable at reducing the depth of poverty on a national level, is far from adequate for families burdened by the extra costs of caring for CWDs since benefit levels are not sensitive to disability-related need. Similarly, health insurance, because it is targeted at mainstream populations and takes no account of disability-related health needs, is useful but insufficient. Families of CWDs must purchase nappies and medication out-of-pocket and children all too often must do without the wheelchairs and hearing aids they need—sometimes because their families literally cannot make ends meet and sometimes because their needs are deprioritised as they are seen as less valuable than their siblings without disabilities. Access to basic social services is also limited, especially for children with severe or intellectual disabilities. Public schools are over-crowded, poorly adapted and largely lacking the specialised teachers and teaching materials that make inclusion possible. Bullying—even from teachers—appears to be rampant, and transportation to and from school very expensive. While our research found children in tailored educational settings generally have better psychosocial outcomes than those at mainstream schools, demand for such education far outstrips supply. Health care too falls short. Prevention efforts are negligible, which is glaring given the high incidence of disability owing to cousin-marriage and birth-injury, and early diagnosis and intervention are comparatively rare, particularly given the high number of children with congenital disabilities. Critically, our research finds Palestinian CWDs effectively exist in a 'no man's land'. While MOSD is ostensibly tasked with overseeing the needs of all citizens with disabilities, it has no particular mandate to serve children, despite the cascading implications of neglect during childhood, and is poorly equipped to drive the cross-sector coordination CWDs need to realise their rights and meet their potential. Indeed, because of the extremely fragmented way in which disability services in Palestine are delivered, with the government and UNWRA sharing space with literally hundreds of NGOs, families seeking services are effectively abandoned to their own devices to map the service landscape and arrange interventions for their children. The end result is CWDs remain largely invisible. Based on our research, we make the following recommendations to better address the needs of Palestinian CWDs and the families that care for them: ● Raise policy-makers and communities' awareness of disability by revising the disability law, which is both dated and pejoratively named. The PDL should be revised to better align with international conventions to further progress towards the realisation of disability rights. Donor resources should be channelled towards improving the way information on disability and services for people with disabilities is communicated to service providers and communities. ● Involve PWDs and their families to ensure policies and programmes are better centred around users' needs. Local governments and MOSD offices could take a lead role in involving families more actively in programme design, monitoring and evaluation, including through establishing feedback and participatory accountability mechanisms (e.g. citizen score card exercises). ● Operationalise the disability law by developing a national strategy for disability prevention, early detection and management. This should include adopting a common working definition of disability with clear indicators for monitoring prevalence, risk factors and outcomes. It should also translate the law into a concrete set of services and support for children with different types of disabilities. The MOSD should seek to revitalise the Coordinating Council for Disabilities and through it facilitate coordination between ministries and service providers to improve capacity, awareness and practice with regard to services for CWDs. ● Invest in strengthened data collection related to CWDs—and minimise both gaps and duplication—by strengthening the registration of CWDs. The government should make immediate efforts to build an accurate database of all children with developmental delays and disabilities, using Gaza's area-wide survey as a model and drawing on the efforts of Save the Children with MOSD in the West Bank. Data collection should cover prevention efforts, prevalence by age and gender, location of different disability types and access to services. ● Strengthen the disability mandate within government by enhancing coordination. Implementation of the current law is poor in part because MOSD remains under-equipped to drive a cross-ministerial mandate. Disability-related concerns should be handled but at the supra-ministry level to facilitate greater coordination, setting and monitoring of minimum quality standards for all facilities that serve CWDs—including not only those providing disability-related services but also kindergartens, neonatal and delivery centres, etc. One option is to strengthen the mandate of and adequately resource the Coordinating Council for Disabilities so it can oversee and hold ministries accountable for their actions and services. ● Allocate consistent fiscal space for disability-related needs and make longer-term commitments to purchase services from NGOs and the private sector when they are not publicly available. This will allow the government to better meet its existent obligations to CWDs but also stabilise the budgets of nongovernmental providers. More systematic information on budget resources will also make it possible to identify crucial funding gaps. ● Step up efforts to prevent disability. Our research suggests many childhood disabilities are preventable, as they result from consanguineous marriage and/or poor antenatal and neonatal health care. Prevention efforts should include investments in pre-marriage genetic testing—using religious leaders and institutions to promote increased uptake, as well as pre-conception counselling and better antenatal care. Efforts also need to be directed towards ensuring hospitals have the equipment to prevent permanent disability (e.g. incubators) and trained health care professionals capable of following evidence-based guidelines and protocols on neonatal care. ● Improve early detection and intervention. Train the primary care physicians and nurses who come in contact with infants to assess child development using harmonised standards and instruments and to detect early signs of developmental delay and disability. This should include formal screening tests for all children at key developmental junctures in the first three years of life, as well as informal screens at every point of contact. Consistent referral systems should be built to ensure at-risk children are then seen in a timely manner by experts. Since the most vulnerable children often live in hard-to-reach areas, home visits should be made to those not seen in clinic to ensure their development is on track. ● Educate parents on early detection and support for CWDs. Use well-child visits (whether in clinics or at home) to educate parents on child development and the importance of positive parenting, as well as on how to provide supportive therapies at home. The MOH could support the development of a manual and training of trainers in which hospital staff develop resources for local health providers or social workers to share this knowledge with families of CWDs. ● Implement community- and facility-based early intervention programmes. The MOH working in coordination with the MOSD can play a major role through health and communication for development as well as early childhood development services to support families and practitioners in this area. Focusing on school-age children can often be too late and miss a critical opportunity for appropriate early intervention. ● Support pre-primary and primary teachers to recognise signs of developmental delay and disability and build systems that facilitate their coordination with health care providers and social workers. This can be supported by the case management system currently being developed by Save the Children with MOSD, but information on existing services needs to become available on a website and in printed form so social workers and local service providers—including teachers—can share it with families. A good model could be the UK National Health Service website, which provides clear information on early detection, support needed and services available, and could be adapted to the Palestinian context. ● Invest in community education to reduce stigma. Using both traditional (e.g. mosques) and new (e.g. TV) outreach channels, work to help the broader community understand disability is neither contagious nor a sign of dishonour and PWDs have needs, rights and dreams equal to their own. Consider supporting communication campaigns to talk about ability. Also importantly, incorporate citizenship education that includes sensitisation on equality across different dimensions—particularly disability—into school curricula so children from a young age not only become more supportive of their peers with disabilities but also contribute to changing perceptions in the community. MOEHE can spearhead this initiative. Further, given Palestine's obligations under the CRPD, it is important to improve advocacy with all relevant ministries on behalf of CWDs. The CRPD state party drafting process is currently underway; it is important to be able to show progress on key areas between state reports. ● Map and align service providers. Given the fractured nature of service provision in Palestine, with the government, a detailed mapping exercise will help identify gaps and overlaps and allow for a more rational allocation of resources. It will also serve as the backbone of future plans to establish a continuum of care for CWDs, who are very often lost between providers. This activity could be spearheaded by MOSD based on the mapping of services developed recently by Save the Children and some of the information presented in this report. ● Direct more human resources to disability to focus on the fact that CWDS are first and foremost children. Current social work caseloads are more than 10 times higher than they are in the UK (several hundred versus 15) and disability receives no particular focus. Furthermore, not only is there little coordination between schools, health care providers and social workers but also, given the fragmented, NGO-driven nature of the rehabilitation sector, the staff with whom CWDs interact on a regular basis are often trained only on very specific disabilities and not on the broader needs of children. The effort requires more resources, and would benefit from donor grants to train and resource social workers, though their recruitment and salaries should be included in the government's budget to guarantee sustainability over time. ● Improve and tailor social protection for CWDs. Disability can be expensive. Furthermore, stigma means that, even when families are provided resources, CWDs can be left out. We suggest CWDs be provided with categorical, rather than means-tested, support to ensure their disability-specific needs are met—possibly using the PNCTP as a delivery mechanism. This would particularly help the many families that have multiple children with disability or whose children have multiple disabilities. Cash should be provided to mothers until children turn 18—at which point it should be provided directly to the young adult with disability (where developmentally appropriate). We also suggest an in-kind support package for CWDs that covers medication, transport, adapted educational materials, care and—for older CWDs—economic empowerment programming. Support must be provided in a continuous, predictable manner, CWDs with congenital disabilities must not be not ignored in favour of their peers disabled by accident or conflict and children with 'hidden' disabilities, such as autism or cognitive impairments, must be provided with benefits. In addition to categorical targeting based on disabilities, if families are also within poverty estimates of the PNCTP as per the public targeting, they should also receive the additional benefit to ensure they can meet their needs. ● Rethink the inclusive education approach. Expecting schools in Palestine to serve the needs of CWDs is currently unrealistic, but rather something to work towards in the medium and long term. The lack of resources available for specialised teachers, materials and infrastructure effectively condemns CWDs to poor learning outcomes—especially in primary and secondary schools. Dedicated schools may provide a good alternative in the short to medium term, especially for children with the most complex needs, and must include free transportation. ● Accelerate efforts to make inclusive education a positive experience. This must include efforts to make school buildings, classrooms, play spaces and WASH facilities fully accessible to CWDs but also expanding educational opportunities for teachers. MOEHE should include this as part of its plans to roll out the Inclusive Education Policy, with technical support from agencies such as UNESCO. Disability should also be integrated into school health programmes, with counsellors available to help address CWDs' psychosocial needs and awareness-raising programmes. In addition, citizenship education for all students should be directed at reducing the stigma and hostility all too often meted out to CWDs within the school environment. ● Step up efforts to provide tailored education for the youngest and oldest CWDs. Pre-primary education in Palestine is almost exclusively provided by the private and NGO sectors. The government needs to ensure private spaces, curricula and teaching methods are adapted for CWDs—and schools enrol CWDs and help them achieve good outcomes. Attention also needs to be directed to helping older CWDs transition from specialised schools to public schools and to providing TVET to help CWDs achieve an independent, more financially secure adulthood. ● Expand health insurance to meet the real needs of CWDs. Health legislation needs to be strengthened with respect to PWDs, including specific guidance for CWDs, in order to provide a strong mandate for service providers and to underpin a broader health insurance. We suggest health insurance meet all of CWDs medically related needs—including the provision and maintenance of all assistive technologies required for their optimal development as well as transport to and from medical appointments. This effort needs to be spearheaded by MOH in coordination with OPDs. The costs of disability-related health care must be shifted into annual budgets to eliminate the current system's unsustainable short-term approach. While there are budgetary constraints, the political will to prioritise this issue, plus improvements in the overall efficiency of the health sector budget, could help create fiscal space for such insurance. ● Increase the capacity of OPDs to diagnose and treat CWDs by providing training and exposure to state-of-the-art practices and consistent financial support. The first step is for MOSD to update and publish relevant guidelines, which it has identified as one of its priorities. Particular efforts should be made to learn from, and expand, the good practice models that offer families of CWDs a more holistic, 'one-stop' care experience. ● Adapt physical and information infrastructure for better accessibility. Beginning with providers with a disability mandate (e.g. MOSD, MOH, MOEHE, etc.), and moving on to the broader community, ensure spaces and information are accessible to PWDs. This will include a wide range of concrete adaptations, including ramps, pamphlets in Braille, sign language interpreters at hospitals, etc. ● Provide support for the families of CWDs. Invest, through local governments and CBR, in disability-specific support groups for mothers—possibly led by mothers with older CWDs who have a wealth of experience to share; engage with mothers and fathers—who are often the least supportive; and reach out to Bedouin communities, where stigma is especially high. We also recommend the state provide easily accessible web-based information and diagnostic tools, drawing on good practice from other countries and disability rights NGOs and offer families comprehensive information on child development and care tailored to account for disability—perhaps using social media such as What's App to send regular tips. This should include a comprehensive list of providers and services available, drawing on the mapping exercise above. We also recommend respite care for mothers/families caring for children with severe/multiple disabilities and or multiple children with disabilities, which could entail expanding existing residential services and subsidising community-based respite care options. ● Strengthen the social work network to provide better outreach to CWDs and their families, not only to facilitate access to social services but also to serve as a grievance/complaint mechanism when services are failing, to inform about cases of abuse and negligence and so families feel service providers can be held accountable. ● Address the gender dimensions of disability and disability-related care. Girls with disability, sisters of CWDs and mothers of CWDs often face gender-specific vulnerabilities. Adolescent girls with disabilities are especially unlikely to attend school or be allowed to socialise, given the risk of sexual assault and its associated threat to family honour, and those same girls—and their mothers—are at high risk of intra-familial violence. We suggest more community awareness through communication for development and home visiting by nurses, social workers and disability officers, who should be trained to identify those at risk and refer them to adequate services. Emergency shelters should take account of the needs of those dealing with disability. Currently, referral mechanisms in cases of child abuse are lacking, so these need to be developed—with the support of UNICEF—and take specific account of CWD needs. ● Strengthen the role of international NGOs as champions for CWDs. INGOs which have been actively engaging on the issue of disabilities - such as Save the Children and Diakonia - could play a key role in the donor/ multilateral community, championing the needs and rights of CWDs. They could help coordinate the development of a fit-for-purpose database and management information system, assist with social protection system reforms and facilitate sharing of good practice learning across government agencies and NGOs. Donors could also reach out to the private sector and encourage greater investment in service provision for CWDs (e.g. building on the School for Blind in Hebron model).	<urn:uuid:6d3d3048-a16e-4d7e-ac22-72df5df4444a>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "url": "https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/eed216406b50bf6485256ce10072f637/92379d30ad72c56c8525813800678232?OpenDocument", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585177.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20211017113503-20211017143503-00428.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9689629077911377, "token_count": 6541, "score": 3.09375, "int_score": 3 }
If education is to evolve to meet the needs of a digital world, we can't afford to keep drinking from the same pool of ideas. Technologies and innovations from beyond the realm of academia — 3D printers and video games, mobile devices and the maker movement — have already had a profound impact on educators. What new ideas have we yet to glean from the cutting edge of other fields? To help answer that question, ISTE has assembled five thought leaders from beyond the field of ed tech to deliver a series of EdTekTalks that will, hopefully, spark an idea, fertilize a dormant passion or connect a new dot in an educator's mind. Here are five lessons to ponder from these unique individuals: 1. Making gives you control over your world. In a world driven by science and technology, those who control the technology feel as though they control the future — and those who don't feel powerless, says publisher and technology enthusiast Dale Dougherty. " "By making, students gain control of their world. They can make it do the things they want it do to," " he said. " "It's such a powerful thing. I want to see a culture where people feel in control and have access to materials and tools that help them gain confidence and abilities and control." " As the founder of Make magazine and the annual Maker Faire, Dougherty believes making things is more than just a trendy movement. It's what life is made of. " "Make is a universal language for learning. We play, we make, we learn to make. It is life itself," " he said. " "We have to make decisions about how to solve problems on daily basis, come up with solutions. Investigation, experimentation, problem solving: That's the stuff of a rich life." " 2. When you impact your community, it changes you profoundly. It's no wonder so many students feel disengaged from their learning when they spend their time grappling with academic problems that have no apparent relevance in their lives. But ask them to apply their energy to a real-world problem with no clear solution, and you open them up to " "a culture of limitless possibility," said designer-activist Emily Pilloton, whose innovative design thinking curriculum inspired the groundbreaking documentary " "If You Build It." " " "Hands-on education that results in visible, relevant projects initiated by students is hard to argue with and gives students the confidence and complex skills required to enter into adulthood, regardless of vocation," " Pilloton said on the TED blog. " "If we integrate creativity and design, students have more ownership about what they can and will produce. And if we build in a social focus, the products of such an education can have a profound impact on both the students and the community." " 3. Even robots do better when they're allowed to make mistakes. The darlings of the industrialized world, robots offer a level of perfection humans can only aspire to. Every movement is calculated and precise, every decision pre-programmed and based on solid logic. Yet robotics researcher Guy Hoffman, co-director of the IDC Media Invention Lab, has found that robots interact better with humans when they're programmed to be less perfect. His work exploring the humanity of robots has been named one of TIME magazine's best inventions of the year. " "Maybe robots need to be less like chess players and more like stage actors and musicians. Maybe they should be able to take chances and improvise," " he said in a TED Talk. " "And maybe they should be able to anticipate what you're about to do. And maybe they need to be able to make mistakes and correct them, because in the end we are human. And maybe as humans, robots that are a little less than perfect are just perfect for us." " 4. Embracing limitation unlocks your creative freedom. When students feel creatively stuck, they're often told they need to " "think outside the box." " But it wasn't until pointillist painter Phil Hansen embraced the limitations of his own box — a shake in his hand caused by nerve damage — that he discovered his true creative potential. " "Looking at limitations as a source of creativity changed the course of my life," " he said in a TED Talk. " "Now, when I run into a barrier or I find myself creatively stumped, I sometimes still struggle, but I continue to show up for the process and try to remind myself of the possibilities. " "Because ultimately, most of what we do takes place here, inside the box, with limited resources. Learning to be creative within the confines of our limitations is the best hope we have to transform ourselves and, collectively, transform our world." " 5. Don't question yourself. Just build. When you're in the minority, it's easy to let self-doubt creep in. But the world needs innovation now more than ever, and we can't let each other give up on attempting to make the world a better place. " "I've always been the only woman in management or on the executive level, and often the youngest," " Shaherose Charania said in Fast Company magazine, which named her one of the most influential women in technology. Her passion for making a positive difference in the world inspired her to create Women 2.0, a media brand at the intersection of women, entrepreneurship and technology that's designed to foster the next generation of technology leaders. " "When everybody is older and everybody is male, it's challenging. You develop a complex, and sometimes can't help but think, 'Am I good enough?' " "Everyone questions themselves, but we don't want them to — we want them to go and build." " What big ideas will we uncover at next year's conference? Save the date for ISTE 2015 and find out!	<urn:uuid:cd02a014-efc8-424b-92eb-cc5e5666816c>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "url": "https://www.iste.org/explore/ISTE-blog/5-visionary-lessons-from-beyond-the-world-of-ed-tech?articleid=89", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304217.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123081226-20220123111226-00199.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9685251712799072, "token_count": 1211, "score": 3.15625, "int_score": 3 }
\|The kingdom of Bhutan does not measure GDP growth, but ‘gross national happiness’ [GALLO/GETTY]\| New Delhi, India – The economic crisis, the ecological crisis and the food crisis are a reflection of an outmoded and fossilised economic paradigm – a paradigm that grew out of mobilising resources for the war by creating the category of economic “growth” and is rooted in the age of oil and fossil fuels. It is fossilised both because it is obsolete, and because it is a product of the age of fossil fuels. We need to move beyond this fossilised paradigm if we are to address the economic and ecological crisis. Economy and ecology have the same roots “oikos” – meaning home – both our planetary home, the Earth, and our home where we live our everyday lives in family and community. But economy strayed from ecology, forgot the home and focused on the market. An artificial “production boundary” was created to measure Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The production boundary defined work and production for sustenance as non-production and non-work – “if you produce what you consume, then you don’t produce”. In one fell swoop, nature’s work in providing goods and services disappeared. The production and work of sustenance economies disappeared, the work of hundreds of millions of women disappeared. To the false measure of growth is added a false measure of “productivity”. Productivity is output for unit input. In agriculture this should involve all outputs of biodiverse agro-ecosystems – the compost, energy and dairy products from livestock, the fuel and fodder and fruit from agroforestry and farm trees, the diverse outputs of diverse crops. When measured honestly in terms of total output, small biodiverse farms produce more and are more productive. “Low output, high input chemical, industrial monocultures, which in fact have a negative productivity, are articially rendered more productive than small, biodiverse, ecological farms.“ Inputs should include all inputs – capital, seeds, chemicals, machinery, fossil fuels, labour, land and water. The false measure of productivity selects one output from diverse outputs – the single commodity to be produced for the market, and one input from diverse inputs – labour. Thus low output, high input chemical, industrial monocultures, which in fact have a negative productivity, are artificially rendered more productive than small, biodiverse, ecological farms. And this is at the root of the false assumption that small farms must be destroyed and replaced by large industrial farms. This false, fossilised measure of productivity is at the root of the multiple crises we face in food and agriculture. It is at the root of hunger and malnutrition, because, while commodities grow, food and nutrition have disappeared from the farming system. “Yield” measures the output of a single commodity, not the output of food and nutrition. This is the root of the agrarian crisis. When costs of input keep increasing, but are not counted in measuring productivity, small and marginal farmers are pushed into a high cost farming model, which results in debt – and in extreme cases, the epidemic of farmers’ suicides. It is at the root of the unemployment crisis. When people are replaced by energy slaves because of a false measure of productivity based on labour inputs alone, the destruction of livelihoods and work is an inevitable result. It is also at the root of the ecological crisis. When natural resource inputs, fossil fuel inputs, and chemical inputs are increased but not counted, more water and land is wasted, more toxic poisons are used, more fossil fuels are needed. In terms of resource productivity, chemical industrial agriculture is highly inefficient. It uses ten units of energy to produce one unit of food. It is responsible for 75 per cent use of water, 75 per cent disappearance of species diversity, 75 per cent land and soil degradation and 40 per cent of all Greenhouse Gas emissions, which are destabilising the climate. “Bhutan has given up the false categories of GNP and GDP, and replaced them with the category of gross national happiness – which measures the wellbeing of nature and society.“ According to the recently released report from the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), extreme events due to an unstable climate are costing $80bn annually. We need to move from these false and fossilised indicators to real indicators which reflect the health of nature and wellbeing of the economy. The inadequacies of the old paradigm based on economic growth and false productivity are being recognised at the highest levels. In food and agriculture, when we transcend the false productivity of a fossilised paradigm, and shift from the narrow focus on monoculture yields as the only output, and human labour as the only input, instead of destroying small farms and farmers we will protect them – because they are more productive in real terms. Instead of destroying biodiversity, we will intensify it, because it gives more food and nutrition. Futureconomics, the economics of the future, is based on people and biodiversity – not fossil fuels, energy slaves, toxic chemicals and monocultures. The fossilised paradigm of food and agriculture gives us displacement, dispossession, disease and ecological destruction. It has given us the epidemic of farmers suicides and the epidemic of hunger and malnutrition. A paradigm that robs 250,000 farmers of their lives, and millions of their livelihoods; that robs half our future generations of their lives by denying them food and nutrition is clearly dysfunctional. It has led to the growth of money flow and corporate profits, but it has diminished life and the wellbeing of our people. The new paradigm we are creating on the ground – and in our minds – enriches livelihoods, the health of people and eco-systems and cultures. On April 2, 2012, the United Nations organised a High Level Meeting on Wellbeing and Happiness: Defining a new Economic Paradigm to implement resolution 65/309 [PDF], adopted unanimously by the General Assembly in July 2011 – conscious that the pursuit of happiness is a fundamental human goal and “recognising that the gross domestic product does not adequately reflect the happiness and well-being of people”. I was invited to address the conference at the UN. The meeting was hosted by the tiny Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan. Bhutan has given up the false categories of GNP and GDP, and replaced them with the category of “gross national happiness” which measures the wellbeing of nature and society. Bhutanese Prime Minister Jigmi Thinley has recognised that “growing organic” and “growing happiness and wellbeing” go hand in hand. That is why he has asked Navdanya and I to help make a transition to a 100 per cent organic Bhutan. In India, Navdanya is working with the states of Uttarakhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar for an organic transition. We aim for an organic India by 2050, to end the epidemic of farmers suicides and hunger and malnutrition, to stop the erosion of our soil, our biodiversity, our water; to create sustainable livelihoods and end poverty. This is futureconomics. Dr Vandana Shiva is a physicist, eco-feminist, philosopher, activist and author of more than 20 books and 500 papers. She is the founder of the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology, and has campaigned for biodiversity, conservation and farmers’ rights, winning the Right Livelihood Award [Alternative Nobel Prize] in 1993.	<urn:uuid:378ff78d-f538-4764-92ea-981cad01098f>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-21", "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2012/5/1/beyond-fossilised-paradigms-futureconomics-of-food/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991685.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20210512070028-20210512100028-00199.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9293551445007324, "token_count": 1576, "score": 2.71875, "int_score": 3 }
Junk food Views & Research The Conversation website The "Rethink Sugary Drink" campaign website Campaign brief - Time to break the habit of childhood obesity – Web film ABC news : Junk food: video (this 3 mins video only available to Scotch network users) The latest scientific evidence suggests junk food is addictive. Body Mass Index [BMI] NSW Government Health: BMI calculator Australian Government Department of Health: About Overweight and Obesity Specific information on overweight and obesity is provided, including: prevalence of overweight and obesity; how overweight and obesity is defined; calculate your BMI (for adults only); causes of overweight and obesity; health consequences; economic consequences. Overweight and obesity Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council: Overweight and obesity are conditions of excess body fat that cause significant burdens of ill health, economic costs and mortality to the Australian community. NHMRC has invested over $68.9 million for research relating to overweight and obesity from 2000 to 2007. Tax on Junk Food Wikipedia - "Fat Tax" article Examines the effects of taxing foods that are high in saturated fats and looks at the history of such a tax. Better Health Channel - "Food to have sometimes" article Defines and identifies junk food (or 'food to have sometimes' as well as touching upon the problems caused by excess consumption Australian Medical Association - "Australia needs a tax on junk food" article A short article published in October 2010 containing arguments that support the contention that there should be a ban on junk food. Better Health Channel - "Eating tips for teenagers" article This article looks at ways that teenagers can improve their diet, eat healthy meals and snacks and maintain a healthy weight Better Health Chanel: obesity in children - causes Discusses the causes of obesity in children, which include unhealthy food choices, lack of physical activity and family eating habits. Lateline - 19/10/2011: Junk food expert predicts regulation Yale Universitys Professor Kelly Brownell predicts that mounting evidence of the addictive properties of junk food will result in governments adopting aggressive regulations against manufacturers 19 Oct 2011 Documentary on you tube 'Fault lines : fast food, fat profits : obesity in America' 25 min (Al Jazera) About food culture in the US, difficulty of poor people accessing healthy, affordable food and health care. US fox news junk food tax criticism rant (3 min) A good demonstration of the deeply visceral resistance to govt. ‘control’ in that country. Jamie Oliver re sugary drinks - TEDTalk	<urn:uuid:7908091b-5750-4d3a-9dff-255d451afe1b>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-18", "url": "http://library.scotch.vic.edu.au/resources/netsites/science/gensci/JunkFood.htm", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430448947973.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501025547-00071-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9060072302818298, "token_count": 533, "score": 3.046875, "int_score": 3 }
The Rational Side of Egocentrism in Social Comparisons 42 Pages Posted: 22 Nov 2006 Date Written: September 1, 2006 Prior work has found that when people compare themselves with others they egocentrically focus on their own strengths and contributions and pay less attention to strengths and contributions of the comparison group. As a consequence, individuals tend to overestimate their comparative standing when absolute standing is high and underestimate their comparative standing when absolute standing is low. The present research investigated a rational interpretation of this bias namely, that people are egocentrically focused because they have more knowledge about themselves than about others. Support for this hypothesis was found in three studies, one concerning comparative judgments of responsibility and two others concerning confidence in competitions. These results suggest that there is a rational side to egocentrism in social comparisons. Keywords: Social Comparison, Egocentrism, Judgment and Decision Making, Self-Assessment, Heuristics and Biases, Self-Enhancement, Unrealistic Optimism, Above-Average Effect, Overconfidence Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation	<urn:uuid:fa0a6b29-292a-4c84-bf99-0d755c528f32>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "url": "https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=946232", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514571360.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20190915114318-20190915140318-00340.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9334859251976013, "token_count": 221, "score": 2.515625, "int_score": 3 }
Historic maps have broad appeal in contemporary cultures around the world. One reason for this – it might be thought – is because the language of maps is universal and straightforward, but is it? How do maps communicate to us? How do they work? The project’s colloquium – on ‘the language of maps’ – explored these important questions by bringing together scholars from around the world whose interest lies in the visual and textual ‘languages’ of manuscript and printed maps dating from medieval and Renaissance periods of European history. With the theme of ‘communicating through cartography’, and representing perspectives from art, linguistic and literary history, historical geography and archaeology, as well as cartography and the history of cartography, the language of maps colloquium was intentionally multidisciplinary. Its papers and discussions have helped further our understanding and appreciation of the complexity of medieval and Renaissance maps and map-making through examining theoretical, empirical and methodological issues. Nick Millea (seated) and Elizabeth Solopova at The Language of Maps colloquium, held at the Bodleian Library, Oxford, June 23-25 2011 The colloquium’s papers covered artistic, linguistic and palaeographical aspects of historic maps, and examined processes of cartographic production and consumption in medieval and Renaissance Europe. Through them, connections were drawn between cartographic representations of all kinds, whether manuscript or printed maps, including those of regions, countries or local landscapes. The technologies of map-production – including surveying and draughting – were under scrutiny too, for the scientific and artistic expertise involved in making maps in the past was integral to communicating through cartography, as indeed it still is today. The colloquium programme and abstracts are available here. The colloquium also saw the launch of the project’s web-resource, as well as presentations on some of the project’s findings, particularly the palaeographical and linguistic study conducted by Elizabeth Solopova. There were also two keynote lectures given by the project’s advisory panel members, Jeremy Smith (University of Glasgow), speaking on ‘The Gough Map and the History of English’, and Peter Barber (The British Library), who spoke on ‘Manipulating Gough in the Service of Henry VIII: Maurice Griffith and the Angliae Figura’. Emerging from the colloquium were three themes that connected the different papers:First we can read maps as ‘Maps of language’, for example through the presence of particular vernacular languages used by cartographers on some historic maps, such as on the Gough Map and Fra Mauro’s mappa mundi, both of which were maps examined by speakers at the colloquium. There are also modern maps of medieval vernacular languages, such as the Linguistic Atlas of Late-Medieval English that Jeremy Smith used and examined in his keynote paper in relation to the Gough Map’s linguistic geographies; Overall, the colloquium papers and discussions helped to take us further in our understanding of the language of maps and how maps communicate, which proved enormously beneficial to us in our examination of the Gough Map.	<urn:uuid:8782a035-073a-45de-8136-f1986c9868e0>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-30", "url": "http://www.goughmap.org/about/colloquium/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469258950570.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723072910-00146-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9512622952461243, "token_count": 665, "score": 2.828125, "int_score": 3 }
Copper loss calculator: Enter the primary current and resistance, secondary current and resistance. Then press calculates button to get copper loss in watts. If you need to find single-phase transformer copper loss, then take the first results or if you need three-phase copper loss then consider the second result. Copper loss calculation formula: Copper loss Pc in Watts is equal to the resistance R(Ω) in ohms times of the square of the current I(A) in Amps. Copper loss Pc = I2 x R Watts But the transformer has two winding such as primary winding and secondary winding. Hence we need to calculate the copper loss for both primary and secondary windings. Therefore, transformer copper loss Pc in watts is equal to the sum of the primary copper loss and secondary copper loss. The formula can be written as Pc = Primary copper loss + Secondary Copper loss Pc = I(P-A)2 x R1(Ω) + I(S-A)2 x R2(Ω) I(P-A) = Primary Current in Amps. I(S-A) = Secondary Current in Amps. R1(Ω) = Primary Resistance in ohms. R2(Ω) = Secondary resistance in ohms. Three-phase Transformer copper loss calculation: Three-phase copper loss Pc in watts is equal to 3 times of the single-phase copper loss. Hence we can write it as, Pc = 3 * (I(P-A)2 x R1(Ω) + I(S-A)2 x R2(Ω)) Watts	<urn:uuid:94fe17b1-ef73-487e-a88e-3f757f829707>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "url": "https://www.electrical4u.net/calculator/copper-loss-calculation-calculator-for-single-phase-three-phase-transformer/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363659.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20211209030858-20211209060858-00214.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8982419967651367, "token_count": 359, "score": 2.640625, "int_score": 3 }
\|Home\|\|Pauline\|\|Howto Articles\|\|Uniquely NZ\|\|Small Firms\|\|Search\| The Marae, Hui and associated Protocols The Marae is absolutely central to the Maori way of life, it is a focal point for groups who share kinship, whanau, hapu, iwi. Here they can meet to discuss and debate, to celebrate, to welcome the living and bid farewell to those that have passed on. There are over one thousand Marae throughout New Zealand in rural areas and in cities. In former times it was the open space and buildings in a settlement or pa (fortified settlement) where the community gathered. Today a Marae is a complex of buildings and open space, with facilities to cater for and accommodate a community and its visitors. You will see many of them as you travel, many surrounded by a typical brown fencing with carvings visible on the gates, fencing and Whare (Meeting House). In many cases they are not occupied continuously, or only by a small number, and are mainly used for hui (meetings) of many forms of the group sharing kinship and their guests. Maori kawa (customs and procedures) vary from one tribe to another but there were sufficient common elements for Maori people to visit other Marae without problems. This is not the case with a Pakeha visitor where the complex rituals for a first visit (by Maori or Pakeha) are completely alien to their normal experience. The Maori have chosen to maintain the customs developed and nurtured over many generations and it essential for any non-Maori visitor to understand something of the culture, ritual and protocols to avoid personal embarrassment and severe insult to one's hosts. Despite this a few Marae are opening their doors to give Tourists a "cultural experience" - it was one of these that we went to at Rotorua and found so disappointing because the explanations were severely attenuated and those sections which were part of the current culture and those which were more historic were not made clear. We can now understand many of the intentions and the context of many of the various activities and compromises they made - perhaps it is impossible to bridge so wide a gap in so short a time. Te Papa has taken a great deal of effort to try to provide the cultural bridge and has many excellent boards, flip-book guides and leaflets providing background as well as staff on the ground with real experience. They have created a Marae - Te Marae o Te Papa Tongawera (a place for all of us) as a highlight of their exhibitions. It is not specific to any one tribe, it is a Marae for all peoples throughout Aotearoa and its kawa (customs) reflect that. The Wharenui (Meeting House) is the focal point of a Marae. It has great spiritual significance, it embodies its peoples past and in shape it represents the human form. Often it bears the name of a famous ancestor. The wharenui at Te Marae is named Te Mono ki Hawaiki (the link back to hawaiki). Hawaiki is the name of the ancestral land of origin so providing the links to all people who come to Aotearoa. Each part of a Wharenui is a representation, for example the Roro (entrance to the house through the porch) represents the brain of the ancestor, the Tahuhu (ridge pole) the spine of the ancestor and the heke (rafters) the ribs of the ancestor. The design of Te Mono ki Hawaiki is very contemporary and perhaps controversial using modern materials - the design and carving was carried out by Cliff Whiting the co-chief executive of Te Papa bringing together carvers and craftspeople from iwi and peoples throughout Aotearoa. A Hui is a formal gathering at a Marae. Protocols vary between areas of the country and individual Marae and, of course, the formality and purpose of the Hui can be very different. Hui can include marriage celebration and Tangi (funerals) as well as well as ranging from social meetings to those determining policy. The Pakeha, in particular the tourist is most likely to go to a Hui whose purpose is an introduction to the Maori culture and many of these include a re-enactment of some of the historic challenges. These challenges have played a less practical and more ceremonial role since the days of tribal warfare, which has died out following the work of the missionaries and other changes which have taken place since the time of the Treaty. It is extremely interesting to see the re-enactment of the original challenges and responses and it is easy to see how the Maori were misunderstood during the first contacts by Captain Cook with the almost inevitable result of bloodshed. The ritual challenges had great symbolic meanings at every stage and gave the time for the intentions of both sides to be assessed prior to getting close enough for discussion or battle to commence - it was far from unknown for visitors to end up as part of the Hangi they thought was being cooked to greet them. If you do observe them as part of a cultural experience you must remember they still have a deep cultural significance and however amusing the posturing and gestures may seem it is in extremely bad taste to laugh, make asides etc and it will give deep offence - it is not a case where the customer is always right. This stage of challenges is no longer a part of most routine Hui on a Marae and rare in even diplomatic meetings. The remainder of the protocols are likely to take place, perhaps with regional variations, on every Marae when Maori from different Marae arrive and even when Maori from the same Iwi (tribe) who are not regular users visit. Before starting on the description of the formalities one needs to understand some fundamental differences. Firstly, to the Maori ancestry and age are of much greater importance than professional status - to some more elderly and conservative the male head of family of a female prime minister would have the greater status and right to be heard first. The approach is often more flexible now and doctors, priests and even senior politicians are accorded additional rank over age alone. Within Maori powers of oratory are also recognised and can overcome many of the limitation of age or breeding. A common point of misunderstanding is in the role and rights of women within the Maori culture. Some roles can only be taken by women and historically many roles were those of the males. Today most Maori women would expect the most senior male member of the family to speak for the family and on their behalf at a Hui but it must be remember that the strength of the family is much greater than typical with Pakeha and the views of all would have been discussed and taken into account. A minority of Maori women may resent this and wish, or even succeed in speaking which will often still cause offence to some tradition elders who will refuse to speak after a younger male or any female has spoken. There are differences in the way Democracy is implemented in some cases. It is not unknown for the family, extended family or Iwi to all vote the same following family discussions and a Hui and this is not the unwilling removal of the rights of females but can be thought of in a similar way to the block votes in trade unions. There are many other concepts which are largely alien to Pakeha which really need to be appreciated before Maori protocols and way of life can be understood. A point made frequently by Maori activists is that an essential step to understanding Maori grievances is that the language must be learnt - I think that may well only be one step but a desirable one as all the business of the Marae, the customary rituals and important Hui will be conducted in Maori and it is unlike that there will be any changes in that, nor should there be. In fact the slow erosions of tradition are being reversed with the introduction of total immersion schooling in Maori - the first results are showing that the academic standards being achieved are equal to conventional schooling. Returning to the original objective which was to cover the rituals, customs and protocols of a visit to a Marae I have decided that I will regard this as a first draft and try to keep it as simple as possible consistent with reasonable accuracy. Where there is any uncertainty I will follow the descriptions in the notes we were allowed to photocopy in the Research Section at Te Papa on which their own boards and welcoming procedures were based. We also have now acquired a number books starting with one bought at Te Papa called "Te Marae, A Guide to Customs & Protocols by Hiwi and Pat Tauroa and published by Reed ISBN 0-7900-0055-5" which gives a very comprehensive coverage of the Marae and understanding of traditional and contemporary Maori life. Much of the remaining information has come from the serious and somewhat academic "Hui, A Study of Maori Ceremonial Gatherings by Anne Salmond, Reed ISBN 07900-0205-1" lent us by Kev and Jenny and one we bought at Wanganui called "...Taku Whare E... My Home My Heart by Morvin T Simon published by the Whanganui Regional Community Polytechnic, no ISBN number" - this is a brief anthology of Marae in the Wanganui and Rangitikei districts with details of the protocols of specific Marae as well as an excellent introduction. The Manuhiri (visitors) assemble at the gate to the Marae and each discrete group within the visitors will have a spokesman for that group. They will also have a Kai Karanga (caller) who must be female and will respond to the calls of welcome and reciprocate. In the case of Pakeha visitors the visitor's Kai Karanga may be "lent" by the Marae. An Elderly woman will let out a call of welcome from the Tangata Whenua (hosts) to the Manuhiri (visitors) assembled at the gate. Her call has several functions including permitting the visitors to move onto the Marae at the same time declaring that area of the Marae to be Tapu (sacred) until formalities are concluded. The words used in the Karanga (call) cover four main areas: The visitors own kai whakaatu (caller) will listen carefully and responds to these calls by reciprocating the calls of welcome, acknowledging the deceased of the Tangata Whenua. She needs to have the knowledge to greet the house and Iwi (tribe) of the Marae. She will finally address the purpose of the gathering. Once these initial rituals are complete the visitors can move onto the Marae and are seated for the next phase - women should not sit in the front row. The seating would conventionally have the Manuhiri facing the Tangata Whenua either side of the meeting house. The groups now commence the formal speeches by the leading spokesmen of the groups. This ritual always commences with a speech by a local elder. If some areas the Tangata Whenua allow all their speakers to deliver their speeches of welcome before the visiting speakers respond. In other areas the two sides alternate in their speakers. After each speech the speakers group would provide a Waiata (song) to relish the words. The speeches would cover at least the same four areas as the Kai Karanga. This phase can take many hours. The final ritual before the formalities are complete and the tapu lifted is for the Tangata Whenua to Hongi with the Manuhiri - this the ceremonial pressing of noses (one press for a first encounter, two for a friend or someone one has met before and three for someone you are very fond of or a close relation). Once the rituals are complete and the tapu lifted then the Tangata Whenua can proceed with the programme set out for the Hui. This is often preceded by a Hangi (meal steam cooked over heated rocks in a deep pit). In the case of the Cultural encounters for tourists you might expect traditional songs, poi swinging, stick games and Huka. Further information on Marae protocol, including all the ten stages and a virtual whare can be found at http://www.maori.org.nz/tikanga/index.htm which is part of the major Maori site on the net. If and when this is read by any Maori, I would be delighted to receive comments, corrections and better expositions, in particular of topics such as Tapu (sacred) and Noa (common) which have no simple equivalent to the Pakeha. It is worth making the point that it is difficult to do justice to Maori Culture without being fluent in the language and having been immersed in the culture. There are words and concepts which have no direct translation and are difficult or, arguably, impossible to grasp. For example, in the early days, sovereignty was a concept without any counterpart in the Maori language or culture and the Maori concepts of Tapu and Noa are difficult for many Pakeha to understand even today. If I have inadvertently, or through ignorance, made errors or omissions in any of my sections covering Maori culture, legends and protocol please let me know - any corrections, comments and input will be very welcome. \| Copyright © Peter and Pauline Curtis Layout revised: 8th Juy, 2015	<urn:uuid:0d0911fb-c31f-40cd-b402-1d4529e71f7e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "url": "http://www.uniquelynz.com/maori_marae.htm", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084893530.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180124070239-20180124090239-00446.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9694607257843018, "token_count": 2771, "score": 2.625, "int_score": 3 }
This framework provides commentary and recommendations on how digital inclusion and digital equity initiatives can allign to and help accelerate progress towards UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Universal in scope and benefitting from a coordinated effort across all sectors, the framework encourages a digital inclusion approach to the UN Sustainable Development Goals with the aims of: contributing to existing efforts to advance and integrate digital inclusion strategies in the SDGs in order to gain a more holistic and systemic perspective, and provide practical guidelines to further illustrate how an equitable digital access can accelerate the progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The Media Ethics Lab partnered with the City of Toronto to support the project: “The Digital Access: Who is Underserved and Why”, in collaboration with Ryerson University, University of Toronto, York University, Humber College, and Seneca College. We at the Media Ethics Lab have adopted the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to facilitate our vision of a more digitally equitable, holistic, sustainable, and inclusive world that includes the five pillars for sustainable development: people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership. Aligning digitally inclusive practices with the SDGs, we have determined that communities must prioritize accessibility within underserved groups by providing digital tools and fostering equitable digital access to lifelong learning opportunities. This approach will increase valuable emerging skills and human prosperity. Furthermore, an equitable and inclusive digital infrastructure strategy will increase sustainable and environmentally-friendly cities and communities that will develop resilient environments and support human well-being efforts. Summary of Key Findings IIn 2011, the United Nations’ Human Rights Council defined the internet as an indispensable tool for realizing a range of human rights, stressing that Internet access should be a priority for all states. However, as the Internet continues to advance, a growing number of individuals are being left behind. The Covid-19 pandemic has further revealed the extent of this digital divide. We have the responsibility to ensure everyone in our communities can connect to the Internet. Facing the social consequences of the global pandemic outbreak requires acknowledging digital inequality and building bridges to overcome the barriers to digital inclusion. From September 2020, student researchers of the Media Ethics Lab at the University of Toronto worked under the supervision of Prof. Paolo Granata to create a SDG Digital Inclusion Framework. Universal in scope and benefitting from a coordinated effort across all sectors, the framework encourages a digital inclusion approach to the UN Sustainable Development Goals with the aims of: contributing to existing efforts to advance and integrate digital inclusion strategies in the SDGs in order to gain a more holistic and systemic perspective, and provide practical guidelines to further illustrate how an equitable digital access can accelerate the progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The report examines 24 selected SDG targets and their indicators, which were chosen based on the potential benefits that digital inclusion initiatives bring to them. While the selected targets are those that are most advanced by information and communication technologies, the Media Ethics Lab approached the framework with a holistic thinking perspective. As such, targets were cross-listed in order to identify connections, discover opportunities for cross-collaboration, and ensure that no targets were left behind. The framework also functions as a practical tool to review how public institutions and organizations are aligning their digital inclusion practices to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals: - first, by identifying the main issues related to the target that must be addressed by the digital inclusion strategies, while emphasizing who is negatively impacted by these issues (Key Overview); - second, by addressing how digital inclusion strategies can help advance this target (Direct Impact) and facilitate this target in connect to other targets (Holistic Impact); - third, by recognizing groups, organizations and institutions needed to advance this target in the context of digital inclusion (Key Stakeholders); - fourth, by determining how to measure the effectiveness of any strategy implemented (Indicators); - lastly, by presenting a successful implementation of digital inclusion strategies that advance the target in hopes of inspiring cities to implement good practices.	<urn:uuid:5699d555-9076-4022-a8f1-7093f394247b>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "url": "http://mediaethics.ca/sdg-digital-inclusion-framework/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662546071.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220522190453-20220522220453-00260.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9177932739257812, "token_count": 812, "score": 2.796875, "int_score": 3 }
If your arm falls asleep for a while, it can sort of feel like it's made of rubber. But how do you make your arm feel like it's made of marble? According to Italian researchers, all you need is the sound of a hammer tapping stone. And some psychological trickery. You may be familiar with the old rubber hand illusion: researchers hide a subject's arm from his or her view and have them look at a rubber hand. After rubbing a paint brush across both the real and the rubber hand simultaneously, the subject starts to think he or she is feeling sensation through the rubber hand. When the researcher brushes the rubber hand, but not the real hand, the patient reports that he or she can feel it. Irene Senna, a psychologist at Milano-Bicocca University in Milan, Italy, decided to trade touch for sound to see if the illusion works across senses. She had subjects put their arms behind a small wall, where researchers swung a tiny hammer (lightly) at the hand. Subjects could see the hammer coming towards their hands, and when the hammer touched the subject's skin, it triggered a recording of a hammer tapping marble. Each time the subject felt the hammer, he or she heard the sound of a hammer on marble. After about five minutes of this association, subjects reported that the arm being tapped felt heavy, stiff, and in many cases, numb—as if their limbs had turned to marble. A control group, where the sound effect was not in sync with the sensation of the hammer tapping the skin, reported no such sensation. Research like this might sound like an elaborate prank, but it's helping scientists better understand the relationship between our senses and our bodies. This is a hugely important area of study, related to the treatment of neurological disorders and providing a better understanding of how to integrate prosthetics to feel and function like an amputee's natural limb. Image: Shutterstock / Axel Lauer	<urn:uuid:64c776ef-01cc-4f92-9cb8-402e8adacdf7>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-22", "url": "http://gizmodo.com/hearing-trick-convinces-people-their-arms-are-made-of-s-1554526527", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608669.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526163521-20170526183521-00490.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9562941193580627, "token_count": 397, "score": 2.53125, "int_score": 3 }
for National Geographic News How you look at skin is all a matter of perspective. Some people think of it as the body's major organwhich it is. Others look at skin as a biological map of the history of early human migration patternswhich it could be. Many people see it as a canvas to be decorated with tattoos and other markingsto convey group membership, convey beauty, or mark rites of passage. Contemporary artist Spencer Tunick of Brooklyn, New York, has an unusual take on skin. He sees it as a sea of colors, and thinks of bodies as an organic art form. Lots of bodies. Traveling around the world, Tunick has persuaded thousands of people to shed their clothes and pose, often in large groups, for photographs taken in a variety of places, including Times Square in New York; Victoria Bridge in Melbourne, Australia; the desert of Nevada, the floors of museums, on beaches and railroad tracks (view image in photo gallery). "You get all shades of colorsbrowns, yellow, tans, many, many pinksall molded together, forming a sea of color, a kind of visual poetry," said Tunick. "The work is a celebration of public space, and to me, people and bodies are the most beautiful thing that you can put in a landscape, as opposed to objects." His work, along with numerous other perspectives on skin, is explored in a National Geographic television special, "Skin," that airs tonight at 8 p.m. on PBS (check local listings). "Dignity" of Human Body Many of Tunick's pictures convey a sense of stillness: people arranged in a pattern, densely packed yet not touching, hundreds of individuals forming a whole. Others portray a writhing mass of humanity: bodies strewn across a landscape, limbs akimbo. SOURCES AND RELATED WEB SITES	<urn:uuid:defaf90e-9289-495a-95e0-d4f9d9da4555>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-26", "url": "http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/11/1113_021113_Skin.html", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783404405.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624155004-00167-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9505288600921631, "token_count": 392, "score": 2.5625, "int_score": 3 }
1948 was indeed an eventful year for the United States, Maryland and a dedicated group of merchants who had the foresight to see the need for a new organization to deal with the political and economic changes occurring in the post war years. Harry Truman won the Presidency with his famous come from behind whistle stop campaign, but lost Maryland to Republican Tom Dewey by 8,000 votes. It was the year Algar Hiss was indicted and the Berlin Blockade was instituted. The State of Israel came into existence, Mahatma Gandi was assassinated and the Marshall Plan was announced. The top song was Red Roses For A Blue Lady and the Polaroid camera was invented. Milk sold for $.87 a gallon and gasoline for $.16 a gallon. The federal installment credit law was enacted. Marylanders like their fellow Americans were seeking economic stability and prosperity after the years of the Great Depression and then World War II. Construction would soon start on the Bay Bridge, but Columbia and Harborplace were not even a gleam in Jim Rouse’s eye. And a little known State Senator from Calvert County had just the year before successfully sponsored legislation creating the state sales tax. Maryland’s population stood at 1,821,224 with Baltimore City accounting for 859,000. Street cars traveled down a bustling Howard Street which was the State’s retail center with its concentration of department and specialty stores. Retailing also flourished in smaller cities and outlying towns like Annapolis, Cambridge, Cumberland, Elkton, Frederick, Hagerstown, Rockville, Salisbury, Silver Spring, Towson and Westminster. Main Street downtowns and neighborhood shopping districts were the retailing hubs. Maryland had not yet seen its first mall or regional shopping center. Somewhat spurred by the success of that little known State Senator from Calvert County and the post war developments just beginning to change the face of retailing, merchants started discussing the need for a statewide organization to give the industry a statewide presence. These discussions took a decisive turn when on a bright sunny late summer day. The Special Committee of the Retail Merchants Association of Baltimore met with merchants “from the counties” on September 1 at the Lord Baltimore Hotel in Baltimore. Led by Sam Hecht of Baltimore and Bob Black of Silver Spring, the merchants decided to form a statewide organization. The Certification of Incorporation was filed on November 17 as the Council of Retail Merchants and the first board meeting was held November 26 again at the Lord Baltimore. Odello Leiter of Hagerstown was elected chairman and Sam Hecht vice-chairman. And so Maryland merchants started this new endeavor which continues today. Much has changed since 1948 including name changes to the Maryland Retail Merchants Association in 1968 and the Maryland Retailers Association in 1995. Sandwiched between was the move from Baltimore to Annapolis in 1985 underscoring MRA’s statewide focus and giving the industry a permanent presence in the State Capital. MRA’s services have greatly expanded since 1948 to stay abreast of the needs of its members. MRA continues today as a contemporary organization well aware of the rapid technological and economic changes shaping today’s retail marketplace. Government relation and legislative advocacy, however, remain the hallmark of MRA. In reviewing MRA history, it is amazing to see how constant this purpose has remained. The words of then Chairman Atlee Wampler in 1954 still ring true today: “From indications, both National and Local, it is becoming evident that business as a whole and retailing specifically, will be subject to numerous legislative onslaughts… bill’s effecting business are being defeated… they will be introduced and re-introduced and business must be on the alert. Apathy…must be tossed aside and an active, aggressive interest in national and local legislation submitted.” The Maryland Retailers Association (MRA) consists of almost 250 leading retailers at thousands of locations across the state. As the retail community’s major trade association, MRA is a diverse and broad based organization covering all segments of the retail industry. Additionally, MRA manages both the Maryland – Delaware – Washington, D.C. Jewelers Association and the Maryland Food Dealers Council. Operating under the belief that merchants can achieve more as a group than any one merchant acting alone, MRA is dedicated solely to the interests of the retail community. Whether it be advocating before elected officials or speaking to the media, MRA is the voice of retail in Maryland. Beyond advocacy and public relations, MRA offers members discounted benefit services such as workers compensation plans, an electric cooperative, shipping, free membership with the National Retail Federation and much more These services save operating dollars and give members a competitive edge.	<urn:uuid:778718ca-3860-465a-b5f6-05d77599bc34>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-26", "url": "http://www.mdra.org/about/history/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320570.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625184914-20170625204914-00328.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9625439643859863, "token_count": 973, "score": 2.6875, "int_score": 3 }
Health and Safety New Ammonia Regulations By Jake Vernon New IIAR-2A standards will go into effect in 2021: Is your bakery ready? By Jake Vernon Ammonia gas leaks are dangerous and even deadly. Exposure to ammonia at levels as low as five to 15 parts per million can cause irritation and discomfort. Levels above 300 parts per million – or approximately 15 percent by volume – can be flammable and can cause serious injury or even death. Leaks can occur during general maintenance of an entire refrigeration system when ammonia is delivered from a chiller through pipes to different parts of the refrigeration process – such as pumps, the evaporator, and tanks. Generally, leaks occur at the most vulnerable parts of a cooling system, such as joints and connections. Ammonia can also be released by accident with material handling vehicles, such as when a forklift or a pallet jack strikes part of the cooling system. While leaks that do not result in a fire do not cause property damage, the threat to worker health is pressing, and federal law requires that any ammonia leak be reported to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA in particular levies very high fines for leaks – charging more than $100,000 for an incident depending upon how a cooling system is designed. New regulations to come into effect: Ammonia leaks, unfortunately, are on the rise due to the increased use of natural refrigerants over fluorinated gas counterparts, and also due to population growth, which has led to the need for more cold storage. In the face of this mounting concern to ensure worker safety, the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration (IIAR) has updated its standards for the safe regulation of this dangerous gas. The IIAR-2A standard, which has been in effect for a number of years, requires at least two ammonia detectors in a machinery room to monitor for leaks. In addition, safely designed ammonia refrigeration systems must have at minimum one audible and one visual alarm placed in the room or area around the ammonia engine or machinery. The audible alarm is required to be 15dBA above ambient sound pressure level (SPL) and 5dBA above the maximum SPL in the area where the alarm is present. By 2021, IIAR’s recent update to this standard will be followed by all other system design standard agencies such as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, and the National Fire Protection Association. The new IIAR regulations, followed by these other standards, will make it easier to design standard cooling systems while also making working conditions much safer across the country. Now that the updated IIAR-2A will be the standard followed across the United States, choosing the correct audible and visual device for ammonia cooling systems will be imperative. Guidelines for selecting the correct audible and visual alarms, however, can be buried deep in this regulatory code and can be difficult to adhere to. According to OSHA, 25 cases of ammonia leaks were reported in the past five years, and 36 people were severely injured or killed due to these accidents. These statistics, moreover, do not take into account the number of people who were exposed at lower levels to this deadly gas. In a facility such as a food plant, which may be entirely refrigerated by ammonia, it is possible for an ammonia leak to lead to a mass incident – threatening hundreds of workers, and even affecting people in nearby areas. Between the IIAR-2A update and cutting-edge methods for selecting proper signaling devices, many lives may be saved. Jake Vernon is a Product Specialist – Audible & Visual Signaling, with Pfannenberg USA	<urn:uuid:ad9963a3-232a-481b-9f64-c8052aca653d>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "url": "https://www.bakersjournal.com/new-ammonia-regulations/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505730.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401100029-20200401130029-00110.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9447422623634338, "token_count": 766, "score": 2.65625, "int_score": 3 }
Illuminating the Australian Museum's first image library - 30,000 glass lantern slides. Recently, I have been working on a presentation on our lantern slide collections for a symposium held at the ANU in December on Australia's Lantern Slide Heritage. I have already blogged about the first slides registered in the collection (these are also probably our oldest slides, dated around 1880s) -- by Thomas Whitelegge, but there is much more to discover about this fascinating collection. Lantern slides are the precursor to the modern slide projector or data projector. Copied from original photographs, they are glass plates made to be projected as part of a lecture or, popular 'entertainments' (more commonly known as 'magic lantern slides'). Invented just after photography, the new projection technologies allowed photographic images to be seen by large audiences for the first time. The Australian Museum's offical lantern slide collection began with the opening of our new Halstrom Lecture Theatre in 1910. Through the 1920s to mid 1950s, lantern slides were the Museum's image bank, created, used and re-used for lectures and talks on a huge range of subjects by Museum scientists, educators and visitors, both on site in our lecture theatre and off using portable projectors in community venues in Sydney and regional NSW. Carefully registered and indexed to maximise use, the lantern slides form the Museum's image vocabulary for the mid-20thC. This very large collection (new estimate is around 30,000 slides) is under-researched and very sparsely digitised but is a really interesting part of the Museum's history of science, education, photography and outreach. The collection's strength is its size, continuity and comprehensive documentation. Not only do we hold the slides, but the original registrations, indexes and sometimes the lectures or published accounts of lectures they illustrated. We also hold some lantern slide equipment. We also have related photographic collections and education records to provide detailed context for the lectures and the lantern slides as they were created and used. As well, we hold a few other donated and collected lantern slide collections (not made or used by the AM). There is much work to be done researching, documenting and digitising this wonderful collection! AM lantern slide collection - 20,000 slides from 1903 to 1959 Frank Hurley's lantern slides - some made by Hurley and others made by Museum staff using our original Hurley glass photographic plates National Photographic Index of Australian Birds lantern slides collections Missionary collections - lantern slides used to promote missionary work in the Pacific Anthony Musgrave collection - personal and scientific collection of AM scientist and talented photographer	<urn:uuid:1ea90fe2-c348-4686-af09-2cfaf76fce84>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "url": "https://australianmuseum.net.au/blogpost/rare-and-curious/lantern-slide-collections-in-the-am-archives", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889677.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120162254-20180120182254-00148.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9361100792884827, "token_count": 543, "score": 2.953125, "int_score": 3 }
How Does Methanol Improve Water Quality? Methanol plays a crucial role in cleaning the water that is discharged by wastewater treatment facilities across the globe. Through a process known as “denitrification,” wastewater treatment facilities convert excess nitrate into nitrogen gas which is vented into the atmosphere rather than polluting sensitive watersheds. Nearly 200 wastewater treatment facilities across the United States are currently using methanol in their denitrification process. In Washington, D.C., the Blue Plains Wastewater Treatment Facility, one of the largest in the country, continually meets, if not exceeds, national standards for nitrogen loadings in water each year by adding methanol to the treatment process. Methanol Use in Denitrification The Methanol Institute has prepared a white paper titled “Methanol in Wastewater Denitrification,” providing a comprehensive overview of the use of methanol in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater. Read about the denitrification process and its use around the world. The Methanol Institute prepared a fact sheet discussing why do some wastewater treatment plants need to remove nitrogen. Read about working safely with methanol in biological denitrification systems.	<urn:uuid:980c0e43-94d2-4298-a0ef-0df4c417d57f>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "url": "https://www.methanol.org/wastewater/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030338244.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007175237-20221007205237-00566.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9210559129714966, "token_count": 246, "score": 3.359375, "int_score": 3 }
South Dakota marks the northernmost fringes of the Carolina Wren's normal range. Populations at the northern end of this range tend to fluctuate with the severity of the winters. They are the largest of the wrens normally found in the eastern United States, and tend to be much more richly colored than other wrens. They tend to live in pairs year-round, and the male and female may sing "duets" at any time of the year. Habitat: Generally found in brush and undergrowth, including undergrowth of deciduous and mixed forests, forest edges, tree lines, and residential areas. Diet: Feeds primarily on insects and spiders. Will also feed on snails, fruits and berries, some seeds, and even small lizards and frogs. Behavior: Very active forager, climbing and flitting through foliage and branches. Often forages in pairs, even outside of the breeding season. Breeding: No confirmed breeding in South Dakota Migration: Generally a permanent resident throughout its normal range. Small numbers may wander in the fall, especially juveniles. Bewick's Wren (extremely rare in South Dakota), Feeders: Will attend feeders for suet and peanut Conservation Status: Numbers are generally stable. However, numbers at the northern end of their range rise and fall in conjunction with the harshness of the winter season. Cornell University's "All About Birds - Carolina Wren" Photo Information: April 3rd, 2003 -- Lake Martin, Louisiana -- Ronnie	<urn:uuid:64e0d410-f542-45a2-8520-d93cad459a15>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13", "url": "https://www.sdakotabirds.com/species/carolina_wren_info.htm", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189680.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00331-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8953863978385925, "token_count": 345, "score": 3.390625, "int_score": 3 }
TOKYO, April 22, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Tomoaki Okuda and colleagues at Keio University, Japan, report that measuring the charging states of atmospheric particles offers accurate data for formulating advanced models on the effects of particulates for human health. The findings are published in the journals Aerosol Science and Technology and Atmospheric Environment. The Keio Research Highlights website offers more details about this and other recent research being conducted by researchers at Keio University including the potential of molecular materials for high-yield solar energy conversion by Taku Hasobe and colleagues. Measuring the charging states of atmospheric particles offers accurate data for formulating advanced models on the effects of particulates for human health Inhalation of particulate matter is one of the top ten risks to human health according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In 2016, as many as 4.2 million people died due to the effects of particulates in the air. With these alarming statistics, it is not surprising that there have been increased calls for greater awareness and monitoring of the air for potentially deadly particulates. "The health risks of inhaling particles less than 2.5 micrometers, so-called PM2.5, are well documented with environmental agencies monitoring particle-concentrations and issuing warnings to the public about dangerous levels of PM2.5 in the air," says environmental scientist Tomoaki Okuda, an associate professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University. "However, recent reports indicate that singly charged particles are about six times more likely to be adsorbed into the respiratory tract than uncharged particles. So, an accurate assessment of the effect of air-borne particles on human health requires a much deeper understanding of not only the size of particles, but also their physico-chemical properties including charge and surface structure. My research is focused on determining the charging state of particles in the air, which, surprisingly, is not well understood." Okuda and colleagues developed K-MACS (Fig. 1, Refs, [1,2]) as an inexpensive and versatile system to continuously separate and quantify the charging state of atmospheric particles ranging in size from 300 nm to 500 nm for short durations over a period of 12 months. "We studied this range of particles because they have a larger concentration in the air," says Okuda. Measurements of these particles were taken at Keio University's Yagami Campus from April 2017 to February 2018. The two main findings were that the charging state of the atmospheric particles was different from the results of theoretical studies to-date (Fig. 2), and that the particle charging state fluctuated markedly with changing atmospheric conditions (water vapor amount and entrained air mass) due to seasonal variations . "These results offer new insights into the changes of the charging state of particles," says Okuda. "They will play an important role in the accurate evaluation of the effects of atmospheric particles on human health on a global scale." Related research conducted by Tomoaki Okuda Okuda conducted a theoretical assessment of the performance of a parallel plate particle separator (K-MACS) instrument designed to measure the charging state of PM2.5 particles. Results yielded an optimal voltage to maximize the types of particles . This research addresses the question of what happens to aerosol particles in humid conditions, such as haze. A discrete element model showed a correlation between relative humidity and the amount of water contained in the particles that were found to be charged negatively or positively . 1. Tomoaki Okuda, Yuma Gunji & I.W. Lenggoro, Measurement of the electrostatic charging state of individual particles in ambient aerosol using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, Earozoru Kenkyu 30, 190-197 (2015) \| article (Japanese language only) 2. Takuto Yonemichi, Koji Fukagata, Kentaro Fujioka & Tomoaki Okuda, Numerical simulation of parallel-plate particle separator for estimation of charge distribution of PM2.5, Aerosol Science and Technology (2019). 3. Ayumi Iwata, et al., Seasonal variation in atmospheric particle electrostatic charging states determined using a parallel electrode plate device, Atmospheric Environment, 203, 62-69 (2019). 4. Yuanping He et al., Atmospheric humidity and particle charging state on agglomeration of aerosol particles, Atmospheric Environment, 197, 141-149 (2019). Research by Taku Hasobe and colleagues: Exciton fission for high-yield solar energy conversion Quantifying multi-exciton generation for solar energy conversion in molecular materials In molecular materials, the absorption of one photon can result in the formation of a singlet exciton ― a state formed by an electron and a hole bound by their electrostatic attraction and with opposite spins. In a process called singlet fission, the singlet exciton splits into two triplet excitons, that is, two excitons in which the electron and hole have their spins pointing in the same direction. The triplet excitons are initially strongly correlated, but they can be separated, and the electrons they carry can then be transferred to other molecules. This complex process is very promising for applications in solar energy conversion, because it opens up the opportunity of reaching very high power conversion efficiencies, as the absorption of a single photon results in the generation of multiple electrical charges (i.e., multi-exciton generation). Singlet fission can happen within a single molecule in systems of two molecular units covalently linked by an organic bridge (the process in this case is called intramolecular singlet fission). This is advantageous because we can quantitatively evaluate the photophysical processes and parameters such as kinetic constants and quantum yields. Singlet fission theoretically enables the performance of the sequential photoenergy conversion process starting from the singlet state and leading to electron transfer with the radical ion pair quantum yield approaching 200%. However, the quantitative two-electron transfer process through singlet fission has yet to be reported. Shunta Nakamura, Hayato Sakai, and Taku Hasobe of Keio University, together with colleagues from Kobe University and Tempere University of Technology (Finland) have quantitatively characterized a sequential process involving intramolecular singlet fission and intermolecular two-electron transfer by using two tetracene-based molecules linked by a biphenyl unit (Tet-BP-Tet) as the singlet fission and electron donor system, and chloranil as the electron acceptor system. Shunta Nakamura, Hayato Sakai, Hiroki Nagashima, Yasuhiro Kobori, Nikolai V. Tkachenko, and Taku Hasobe, Quantitative Sequential Photoenergy Conversion Process from Singlet Fission to Intermolecular Two-Electron Transfers Utilizing Tetracene Dimer. ACS Energy Letters 4, 26−31 (2019). Keio Research Highlights About Keio University Keio University is a private, comprehensive university with six major campuses in the Greater Tokyo area along with a number of affiliated academic institutions. Keio prides itself on educational and research excellence in a wide range of fields and its state-of-the-art university hospital. Keio was founded in 1858, and it is Japan's first modern institution of higher learning. Over the last century and a half, it has evolved into and continues to maintain its status as a leading university in Japan through its ongoing commitment to producing leaders of the future. Founder Yukichi Fukuzawa, a highly respected educator and one of the most important intellectuals of modern Japan, aspired for Keio to be a pioneer of new discoveries and contribute to society through learning. Office of Research Development and Sponsored Projects 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345 Japan SOURCE Keio University	<urn:uuid:42ab8f81-c405-4736-9d37-31dbf3ec646d>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/keio-university-research-air-pollution-and-environmental-monitoring-807735643.html", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107880401.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022225046-20201023015046-00229.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9188815355300903, "token_count": 1638, "score": 3.15625, "int_score": 3 }
The findings suggest that a much larger group of at-risk individuals than previously thought may gain some benefit from taking lutein supplements. Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the western world, affecting an estimated 30 million people worldwide. This number is expected to double by 2030. But Ian Murray, lead researcher on the new trial published in the July issue of Experimental Eye Research (79, pp21-27), says that about 20 per cent of individuals over the age of 65 have the early signs (changes in retinal cell pigmentation) of the disease, even though many may not know about it. Dr Murray and colleagues from the Department of Optometry and Neuroscience at the University of Manchester in the UK evaluated the effects of a lutein esters supplement over a period of 18-20 weeks, in seven patients with early stages of the disease (age-related maculopathy) and six age-matched controls. The subjects were given a daily dose of 20 mg of Xangold brand natural lutein esters, made by Cognis, and 'equivalent to the consumption of 10 mg free lutein', according to the researchers. Macular pigment density and levels of lutein in blood plasma were measured at regular intervals throughout the study. Both increased significantly, and to the same extent in the controls and in the ARM patients, providing evidence that the macula can accumulate lutein, not only in healthy eyes but in those with the early stages of AMD. "We observed a statistically significant rise in macular pigment optical density in eyes with ARM, and the degree of macular pigment augmentation was statistically similar to the healthy eyes. The importance of this finding, if replicated in further studies, rests on the fact that any putative beneficial effect of MP will not be restricted to subjects without evidence of the established disease," write the researchers. The findings that diseased eyes can also take up extra lutein have also been demonstrated in a recent study by US researchers who found that AMD patients who took lutein supplements could reverse some of the symptoms of the disease. They experienced improvements in glare recovery, contrast sensitivity and visual acuity, compared with patients taking the placebo. Patients also experienced a 50 per cent increase in macular pigment density relative to those on placebo. Dr Murray said he was "excited by the prospect that a simple addition to the diet may impede the progress of the disease and prevent others who are at risk experiencing such problems. Right now, dietary intervention is the only hope for most of them". He added that a larger trial was "essential" to find out why some of those taking the supplements did not show any increase in macular pigment.	<urn:uuid:cf4a5df9-99d9-4f62-b9e0-b8b00bd4958d>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "url": "https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2004/07/27/Lutein-may-benefit-more-elderly-than-thought", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574050.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20190920155311-20190920181311-00230.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9582561254501343, "token_count": 556, "score": 2.53125, "int_score": 3 }
Wilderness Survival Training Wilderness survival training is an important part of NASA astronaut training, in case a spacecraft crashes far from civilization. Above: The seven original Mercury astronauts at Stead Air Force Base in Nevada, 1960. Some of their clothing is made from parachute material. From left to right: L. Gordon Cooper, M. Scott Carpenter, John Glenn, Alan Shepard, Virgil I. Grissom, Walter Schirra and Donald K. Slayton. Below: Astronauts participate in tropical survival training at Albrook Air Force Base near the Panama Canal in 1963. From left to right: an unidentified trainer, Neil Armstrong, John H. Glenn, Jr., L. Gordon Cooper and Pete Conrad.	<urn:uuid:bbe17013-87eb-4516-a0a2-98d8d0e01c79>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-18", "url": "http://www.wired.com/2011/07/astronaut-training-gallery/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246640001.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045720-00018-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8157793283462524, "token_count": 145, "score": 3.359375, "int_score": 3 }
Are you eating subconsciously without following a proper diet? It is the right time to stop! Overeating is not healthy and causes major problems & diseases, like obesity. It is vital to have a nutritious diet enriched in carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, fats, and protein. If you are experiencing severe stomach ache and having difficulty controlling your calorie intake, you must get pathology lab tests done to ensure your well-being. Any delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to severe consequences. Now, let us have a look at what causes overeating. What Causes Overeating? There are distinct causes of overeating. Some are related to the type of food, while others are related to why or when we eat. Common causes of overeating include:- Eating causes the brain to release endorphins, the feel-good hormones, so many people prefer eating food to feel better. Whether you are feeling sad or bored, you are more likely to eat food unnecessarily. However, this is not healthy for your body. You may become obese and get infected with diseases like diabetes at a younger age. Preferred or Favorite Foods Overeating is caused by having favorite foods and beverages in excessive quantity. It is essential to remember that you can fulfill your cravings by having your preferred foods in small amounts. Processed food items and added flavors may encourage you to keep eating for pleasure even when you do not feel hungry. This may result in severe consequences. Thus, you must keep track of your calorie intake and know how nutritious the food is that you are eating. If you are taking prescribed medications and feeling hungry a lot, you must discuss this with your doctor. There can be certain side effects of your medication, like frequently feeling hunger. Some medical conditions may lead to overeating, such as premenstrual syndrome and atypical depression. Symptoms of Overeating Overeating should be avoided as it is harmful to your body. You might experience the following symptoms once you overeat:- - Stomach pain - Sluggish and tires - Acid reflux If you experience the symptoms mentioned above for more than a day, it should not be considered lightly at any cost. You can go to a lab to get a pathology blood test and other tests done, as recommended by the healthcare provider. Ensure a healthy and active lifestyle by preventing overeating. Medical Tests for Effective Treatments If you have a habit of overeating, you must visit the best diagnostic center and get medical tests done timely. Any delay in seeing the doctor can cause damage to your overall body. Some pathology lab tests to check the condition of your body due to overeating are mentioned below:- Blood Glucose Fasting If you do not know, fasting means not eating or drinking (except water) for 8 hours before taking the blood sample. Blood Glucose Fasting is also known as the Fasting Blood Plasma Glucose (FPG) test. It helps to determine if your body can store or utilize glucose efficiently. It can evaluate diabetes mellitus and monitor treatment efficacy in your undergoing diabetes treatment, Blood Glucose Postprandial It is a standard test to measure the blood sugar level after two hours of your meal. If you have diabetes, there can be an abnormal spike in blood glucose level after having a meal. The postprandial glucose test shows how your body responds to the intake of sugar and carbohydrates. This test helps monitor people with pre-diabetes, type-1, and type-2 diabetes. Complete Blood Count (CBC) This test is beneficial for detecting disorders, infections, and diseases, affecting blood components. If you have a habit of overeating, this test can diagnose any such illness precisely. HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin) The test checks the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. It is used to determine average glucose levels in your blood during the past three months. With this test, diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed. This test does not require fasting. So, it can be convenient for you to get tested at any time of the day. HOMA IR (Insulin resistance) Homeostatic Model Assessment Test of Insulin Resistance helps evaluate insulin resistance, wherein your body cells stop responding to insulin, increasing blood sugar levels and the risk of developing diabetes. This pathology blood test also determines the risk of developing diabetes. You might feel overwhelmed eating your favorite unhealthy food frequently. However, remember how harmful it can be to your body. Overeating is quite common among people, especially youngsters. It adversely affects your health and may lead to diabetes and obesity. It is essential to know how much calorie intake you should have based on BMI and follow the diet strictly to prevent any major health factor in the long run. If you have a habit of overeating, you must get pathology lab tests to ensure you are safe. Even if you have a disease, it can be diagnosed at the initial stage. So, stay safe and healthy!	<urn:uuid:2da63ae4-c1db-4a1b-bb1a-7014dabbbf79>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "url": "https://businessfig.com/overeating-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474843.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229134901-20240229164901-00580.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9415691494941711, "token_count": 1038, "score": 3.09375, "int_score": 3 }
Reagent Development: Print Parameters The Allevi bioprinter is a versatile machine capable of printing with a wide array of materials and cells types. In addition to pre-optimized materials, many users also choose to use their own materials with the Allevi. Below offers users a step-by-step guide to easily develop print parameters with your Allevi. In addition to print parameters, viability testing should also be completed with new materials to test toxicity and create 3D printed controls for experiments. The first step in calibrating a material is determining pressure needed for extrusion. Fill a syringe with your material and load into the Allevi. Increase the pressure incrementally by about 5 psi until the material extrudes evenly. Take note of at least three to four pressures the material extrudes at, varying from a slow to fast extrusion. Troubleshooting tip 1: Each time you increase the pressure, be sure to turn off the pressure then turn it back on again. Otherwise, the pressure settings on the dial may not accurately portray actual pressure output. Troubleshooting tip 2: There are a variety of factors that can affect pressure needed for extrusion. Take note of what needle gauge and shape you are using. To lower pressure needed for extrusion, try using a lower gauge or a tapered needle. For more information on needles, check out our Guide to Picking Your Needle. Troubleshooting tip 3: Material volume loaded into the syringe can also have an effect on pressure. Generally, material volume fluxes of ~ 2 ml can affect pressure needed for extrusion. Troubleshooting tip 4: Be aware of what temperature you are completing the extrusion test at. Many materials change viscosity when heated or cooled. If you needed to heat or cool the material before loading into the syringe, take note of the amount of time allowed to reach printing temperature for future tests. Allevi 1, 3 and 6 offer wide range of printing temperatures: from 4 °C to 160 °C. Allevi 2 can heat up extruder up to 160 °C. Troubleshooting tip 5: If the desired material takes a long time to cool or heat to desired print temperature, try placing loaded syringe in ice bath or heated water bath to speed process. Results: This calibration step determines a series of extrusion pressures that will be used in later calibration tests. Want to learn how to write these custom extrusion files? Check out this post on understanding gcode. Once the extrusion test has been completed, a crosslinking test should be used to determine necessary crosslinking time and, if necessary, photoinitiator concentration. Extrude equal amounts of material into a well plate and crosslink at varying times. Next, dry the samples in a vacuum oven overnight, then record the dry weight of each sample (w1). Immerse the samples in a solution in which they would dissolve if not crosslinked. For example, gelatin methacrylate should be immersed in PBS or deionized water and heated to 37 °C. After 24 h, remove the samples from solution and dry in a vacuum oven overnight. Record the weight of the dry samples (w2). Compare this second weight to the original weight to obtain the sol fraction. The lower the sol fraction, the more the sample has crosslinked. A sol fraction of 100% correlates to a sample that has not crosslinked at all, while a sol fraction of 0% correlates to a sample that has completely crosslinked. Generally, sol fractions of less than 5% are acceptable. This preliminary test can also be completed more extensively with developed architectures post-calibration to determine and optimize mechanical properties of printed constructs and effects of crosslinking time on these properties. Results: This calibration step determines necessary crosslinking time and conditions. Once a range of pressures for extrusion has been determined, feed rate, path height and print speed must be optimized. This can be completed through a line test in which various lines are extruded at different print speeds (Figure 1). A line test using G-code provided by Allevi should be completed for each pressure and path height to be tested. Once completed, the lines can be analyzed via brightfield microscopy for accuracy and precision. Troubleshooting Tip 1: Start with a wide range of speeds and path heights, then test a narrower range to optimize. Troubleshooting Tip 2: If you find your line width is larger than desired, a smaller gauge may allow for finer extrusion. However, this might affect extrusion pressure. Troubleshooting Tip 3: Larger line widths than expected may also be caused from incorrect path heights, which can cause the material to smudge. Try increasing path height. Results: From this test, speed and path height are determined at the desired pressure and gauge. Line resolution at these desired parameters is also ascertained. Our pre-sliced gcode is written to make editing it easy. The gcode is set up in section as shown below. You can change the layer height for each row (Ex: Row 22) and the speed for each section (Ex: Row 27 and 39). Note: In gcode, speed is written in unit of ‘mm/min’ rather than ‘mm/s’. This means that ‘mm/s’ speeds are multiplied by 60. X/Y Resolution Test Once pressure, gauge, path height, print speed and feed rate are determined, the material spatial resolution in x and y directions can be determined. This can be completed through a resolution test with the G-Code provided from Allevi. Results: This calibration step determines maximum spatial resolution. This parameter will help when designing more complex structures. Single Layer Lattice Test Now that resolution has been determined, your current optimized printing conditions can be tested with the lattice test. Print a single layer lattice of varying pore sizes to check print parameters determined in previous tests. Troubleshooting Tip 1: Sometimes print speed and pressure need to be adjusted for better resolution of more complex prints. This test will determine if optimized parameters from previous tests work when applied to slightly more complex prints. Troubleshooting Tip 2: If complex prints cause issues, be sure to check how the software is slicing your design file. Less-than-optimal software settings and G-code will affect printing results. Results: This calibration step allows for further testing of optimized parameters before moving to more complex 3D layer tests. To further optimize path height, the calibrated print settings determined in the line test should be tested through a z-stack calibration with the Pediatric Bronchi print. This print will allow for further optimization of path height and will also test the material ability to structurally support multiple layers in the z-direction. Accuracy of z-direction can be determined by measuring final height of construct and comparing to theoretical height from the design. Troubleshooting tip 1: If you run into issues with z-stack calibration, try altering path height as well as crosslinking time between layers. Try pausing the print and crosslinking the first few layers for increased amounts of time before increasing height. Troubleshooting tip 2: If you are still having issues after increasing crosslinking time of initial layers, you can also try enlarging the width of layers for increased support. Troubleshooting tip 3: If the needle starts to run into previously printed layers, your path height is likely too small. Try increasing path height. Troubleshooting tip 4: If the material extrudes only in droplets as layers increase, either the path height is too large or the print speed is too slow. Try either decreasing path height or increasing print speed. Results: This calibration step further optimizes path height and can determine z-resolution. Multi-layer Lattice Test This final calibration tests all optimized parameters from previous calibrations, as well as complexity in 3D dimensions. Print multi-layer lattices of varying sizes with previously determined print parameters. This calibration test is meant as a final step to confirm all previous optimized parameters. If this test is not optimized, you may need to return to previous steps to recalibrate certain print settings. Results: This calibration step allows for final testing of optimized parameters. A volume test allows for estimation of volume extruded from the printer. To complete a volume test, first measure a series of known volumes of desired material. Plot the weights of these measurements against volume and use a line of best fit to estimate weight increase by volume (see figure 7 and equation 2). Next, load your material into the Allevi at the temperature and pressure you plan to print. Extrude the material for equal amounts of time, then measure to obtain a series of weights per time printed (see figure 7 and equation 3). From these weights and the weight by volume estimate from the previous plot, you can estimate the amount of volume extruded over a period of time (see equation 4). Equation 2 variables m1 and b1 can be determined from the first graph in figure 6. Equation 3 variables m2 and b2 are determined from the second graph in figure 6. From these two equations, the volume of material in a print can be estimated based on time of extrusion for the print. Results: This calibration step determines a method for volume estimation based on time of extrusion for the print. *see example extrusion files for reference.	<urn:uuid:822add9d-a79a-49ad-af10-8bac5746fcc7>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51", "url": "https://allevi3d.com/build-with-life/2018/3/23/reagent-development-print-parameters", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540490972.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206200121-20191206224121-00318.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8797522783279419, "token_count": 1980, "score": 2.671875, "int_score": 3 }
Buying, Collecting and Display About this research theme People have always bought pictures, but over time the type of art acquired by individuals and institutions has changed, due to shifting trends in taste and availability. This has shaped the collections of major museums and galleries today. The Buying, Collecting and Display research theme focuses on the development of important public and private art collections, the evolution of the art market and the changing attitudes of both scholars and the general public towards different periods of art and artists. The theme also encompasses historical investigation into certain aspects of display, such as framing. The National Gallery has been exploring its own past by undertaking research into the collection of John Julius Angerstein, which was bought for the nation in 1824 and became the basis of the newly formed Gallery. Research is also being carried out into the life and achievements of the Gallery’s first director, Charles Eastlake, who professionalised the Gallery by promoting proper care of and research into the pictures. A joint research project with the Getty Research Institute, California, has investigated late 18th-century British sales catalogues, the results of which are available via the Getty’s databases [External link]. The research theme also includes three collaborative doctorates, one which investigates the Gallery’s historic and contemporary framing policy, another which studies the directorship of Frederic Burton at the end of the 19th century and a third that considers how perceptions of German Renaissance art changed between the era when it was made and the era when it was collected by modern institutions like the National Gallery. These projects are disseminated in many formats, including lectures, seminars and conferences, podcasts and films, publications and webpages. By encouraging new research in these areas within the Gallery and beyond – through collaborative ventures and by assisting international scholars to use the Gallery’s unique archival and library resources – the Gallery aims to establish itself as an international centre for the study of the history of collecting and display.	<urn:uuid:45aeb340-d6c1-4107-82a1-5cbd1404b229>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-07", "url": "http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/research/buying-collecting-and-display/about-buying-collecting-and-display", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701157262.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193917-00234-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9602259993553162, "token_count": 403, "score": 2.703125, "int_score": 3 }
Florence Kling Harding, wife of President Warren Harding, was born August 15, 1860 in Marion, Ohio. She was the eldest child of three, with two younger brothers. Her father owned a hardware store, which led to owning other businesses and banks, making him the wealthiest man in Marion. Unfortunately, he was also tyrannical and her mother, depressed and submissive. If the Kling children did not make their curfew at night, her father would lock their mansion doors and expect them to care for themselves until morning. At the age of 19 Florence became pregnant by her young boyfriend. Most likely to escape from her father, the two eloped in March of 1880 and moved to Galion, Ohio. On September 22, 1880 she gave birth to a son, Marshall. Henry turned out to be an alcoholic and heavy spender and left her on December 22, 1882. Florence returned to Marion with her son and refused to ask, or receive, any help from her father. Instead she rented a room and began giving piano lessons. After two years her father finally asked her to move back home with Marshall, suggesting that they both use the Kling family name. Florence refused and in September, 1884, she filed for separation. Her father, Amos, then proposed another offer. He would not support Florence raising Marshall, but he would take his grandson as his own, easing her financial burden. Florence agreed. She and Henry were divorced in 1886. From this whole ordeal, Florence developed a lifelong empathy for people struggling against society's expectations and refused to judge the choices people made when attempting to survive. She wholeheartedly supported feminism and developed strong beliefs about the rights and abilities of women to determine their own futures without male interference. "No man, father, brother, lover or husband can ruin my life," she said. "I claim the right to live the life the good Lord gave me, myself." Florence loved her business work (she had worked in her father's stores since she was a young girl) but the reality of women in society in that day prevented her from being independently wealthy or holding powerful positions. She was also a skilled horsewoman, was physically very strong and yet also skilled in the arts of needlepoint and hosuekeeping. She had great musical talent and attended the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music for one year before her father ordered her to return home. She met Warren Harding (five years older than her) in the late 1880's through one of her piano students, Charity Harding (Warren's sister). Florence pursued Warren relentlessly, even though he had a girlfriend at the time and was known to be quite "an amiable rake." Florence's father, Amos, was adamently opposed to having Florence and Waren together but despite his disapproval, the two were married on July 8, 1891 in the house they had built together. They never had any children together. Florence rallied behind Warren's political career and became the driving force bethind the growth and establishment of his newspaper business. In 1894, when Warren checked into the famous Battle Creek Sanitarium for health reasons she took over the newspaper and never left. It was the opportunity she had been waiting for all her life. When Warren was nominated as a presidential candidate in 1920 Florence enthusiastically backed him. But she was secretly concerned that his extramarital affairs would be publicly exposed. He had had many affairs including a 15-year relationship with Florence's best friend Carrie Phillips (the only known mistress in US history to successfully blackmail a president) and his Senate aide Grace Cross. Florence was also concerned about her age (60 years) and her health. She had a kidney removed in 1905 and was prone to debilitating kidney infections. However, she put all her concerns aside and campaigned vigorously, even fostering the first use of Hollywood movie stars in a presidential race. The American people were very weary after the war and responded to Warren's campaign slogan "Back to normalcy" and elected him in a landslide victory. Florence became the First Lady to vote for her husband becoming President. Florence loved opening the White House grounds to the public and enjoyed a lively social calendar. Social events were frequent and she also visited injured veterans in the hospital. She always maintained her independence, proving to be on the greatest feminists of the day. She was her husband's key advisor, involved in many charities, and crusaded for women's right. She was the First Lady to fly in an airplane (with a woman pilot no less) and the First Lady to appear in newsreels without the president. Rumors of Scandals (Tea Pot Dome, events that transpired with Charles Forbes and the extramarital affairs) prompted the Hardings to begin a public relations tour in 1923. They visited Alaska and Canada and were heading east from the west coast when Warren became ill and died on August 2, 1923 in San Francisco. Opinions on what caused his death were varied (stroke, heart attack, food poisonining or deliberate poisoning by Florence) ran rampant. The fact that Florence refused an autopsy only contributed to the people's suspicions about her. The official cause of Warren's death is listed as a stroke. Florence returned to Washington by train with her husband's body. The public, still unaware of the depth of the scandals greeted the funeral possession in droves. After Warren's death she tried to preserve their reputations by burning all the personal papers she could find. She then returned to Marion, Ohio where she died, on November 21, 1924, of kidney disease 15 months later. Copyright M. A. Webb, 2005. All Rights Reserved PUBLISHING AND REPRINT RIGHTS: You have permission to publish this article electronically, in print, in your ebook or on your website, free of charge, as long as the author's information and web link are included at the bottom of the article and the article is not changed, modified or altered in any way. The web link should be active when the article is reprinted on a web site or in an email. The author would appreciate an email indicating you wish to post this article to a website, and the link to where it is posted.	<urn:uuid:50a8b7dc-652e-4826-a0d2-8e5453bf448f>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30", "url": "http://gutsywomen.blogspot.com/2005/11/florence-kling-harding.html", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591481.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20180720022026-20180720042026-00407.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.987817108631134, "token_count": 1262, "score": 2.828125, "int_score": 3 }
A report by Kimberly Leonard has found that the costs of skin cancer have increased greatly within the United States. Treating skin cancer has become more expensive, between 2002 and 2011 growing five times faster than other forms of cancer treatments. The study that the report was based on came from the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. It found that the average yearly cost for treating skin cancer has increased by 126 percent in the 2002-2011 time period. Despite massive publicity campaigns, many Americans are still complacent about protecting their skin. Between 2001 and 2011 the rate of skin cancer increased significantly, by 1.6% per year among men. More people are being diagnosed with skin cancer and it is becoming more expensive to treat — a recipe for disaster. Other forms of cancer have become more expensive to treat, but not to the same degree. On average they increased by 25 percent. The deadliest form of skin cancer, melanoma, saw the large increase in treatment costs. It went up by 106 percent. Skin cancer now costs more to treat per person and in the community as a whole. A large percentage of the costs of treating skin cancer are held by the public, with medicare covering 41 percent of the costs. This is due to the large number of seniors who have been diagnosed with skin cancer. Skin cancer is usually caused by damaging ultraviolet light from the sun or from tanning beds. Prevention is key when it comes to skin cancer and there are a number of steps that can be taken to avoid it. Skin cancer is also on the increase in many other developed countries, despite many millions spent on awareness campaigns.	<urn:uuid:e256239b-1cae-40bc-9d03-8511264c1934>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-39", "url": "http://www.cancer-forums.net/blog/506/skin-cancer-costs-rising/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267158609.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20180922162437-20180922182837-00365.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9806309938430786, "token_count": 327, "score": 3.28125, "int_score": 3 }
Dar es Salaam. At independence on December 9, 1961, the new government found the water sector in a precarious state. Water supply had never been a priority to colonialists such that at independence the ministry for Water did not exist. It took nine years for water to have its own ministry. In November 5, 1970, the ministry of Water and Power was created. In addition to water supply management, the ministry was also given the duty of overseeing hydro-electricity dams in the country, according to the information from the ministry of Water. Throughout its history, the water sector has been bundled and re-bundled in various ministries that have included other portfolios such as energy, minerals, livestock, etc. Since independence the Water sector has been under 20 ministries. In December 1961, the Water sector was in the ministry of Agriculture. The minister was Derek Bryeson; in 1964 the Water sector was shifted to a new ministry of Land, Human Settlement and Water Development with Tewa S. Tewa as the minister. In 1966 the ministry got a new minister Said A. Maswanya, who lasted till 1968. The Permanent Secretary in the ministry (between July 1965 and December 1967) was Cleopa D. Msuya. Later in his political career, Mr Msuya rose to become the Prime Minister of Tanzania. Adulrahman M. Babu became the minister from 1968 to 1970. In late 1970, the ministry was for the first time constituted as a fully fledged ministry for Water and was named the ministry for Water and Power. Dr Wilbard K. Chagula was appointed the minister till 1974 when Mr I. Elinawinga took his place. In 1976 the Minerals portfolio was added to the ministry and Dr Chagula was returned as the minister (1976-1978). At this juncture it was called the ministry of Water, Electricity and Minerals. Since 1971 till 1978 the Permanent Secretary was Mr Frederick Rwegarulila. In 1978 the Electricity Department was expanded to include Energy in its totality and the ministry was therefore renamed the ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals. At that point Mr Elinawinga took over and stayed till 1982. His Permanent Secretary was Harieth B. Mwapachu. From 1982 till 1985 the minister was Al Noor Kassum. When President Ali Hassan Mwinyi became President he re-constituted the ministry as Land, Water, Housing and Urban Development with Dr Pius Ng’wandu as the minister. In 1987 the ministry, for the first time, was constituted of only the Water portfolio. Dr Ng’wandu continued as the minister till 1990 when he passed the baton to Christian Kisanji. Mr Kisanji lasted only months before passing the baton to Lt-Col Jakaya Kikwete. At this time, the ministry had again been renamed the ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals. The Permanent Secretary (between November 1990 and December 1992) was Prof Mark Mwandosya. In 1995 Jackson Makweta took over as minister. In 1996, it renamed the ministry of Water, and Dr Ng’wandu returned as the minister, lasting till 1999. Mr Mussa Nkhangaa took over the ministry till 2001 when it was renamed Water and Livestock with Edward Lowassa as the minister. In 2005, Stephen Wassira took over what was now, again, the ministry of Water. In 2007 Dr Shukuru Kawambwa became the minister for one year. In 2008 the Irrigation portfolio was added to the ministry with Prof Mwandosya as the minister. He lasted till 2012, but in 2011 the Irrigation portfolio was removed and taken to the Agriculture ministry. The Irrigation portfolio was taken back to the ministry of Water the following year in 2012. Between 2012 and 2015 Prof Jumanne Maghembe was the minister. He was followed by Prof Makame Mbarawa (2015), Gerson Lwenge (2015-2017), Isaack Kamwelwe (2017-2018), Prof Makame Mbarawa (2018-2020) and Juma Aweso (2020-). The rise and rise of water authorities In recent years, Water Supply and Sanitation authorities have become the face of the water sector in Tanzania. These institutions, which are run like corporate entities and are in charge of supplying water and collecting bills from customers, have contributed significantly in improving water coverage, especially in urban areas and district headquarters. However, the water authorities are a recent entrant in the water sector in Tanzania. Water authorities were introduced in Tanzania in the early 1980s. The first water authority to be established in Tanzania was Nuwa. The National Urban Water Authority (Nuwa) was established in 1981 to manage water supplies in urban areas in the mainland. It became operational in 1984, according to a historical account published by Dawasa. Because of various challenges, however, Nuwa failed in its task and was disbanded but remained maintaining water supplies in Dar es Salaam city only. Countrywide, regional water engineers continued to manage water supply services in their respective towns and regional and district headquarters as they did before the establishment of Nuwa. Regional water engineers’ offices continued to manage water supplies till early 1990s when urban water supply and sanitation departments were formed. In 1997 Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities (WSSAs) started being established by the Water Works Act no 8 of 1997. The establishment of these authorities was based on a survey conducted by the ministry of Water in 1992 which was meant to establish the best way to provide water services to urban areas, the Water Sector Status Report 2020 indicates. The study suggested the establishment of autonomous entities that were self-reliant was crucial. By June 2019, a total of 98 authorities at district and townships headquarters had been formed. Among these were regional authorities were 25. These have been responsible for water supply in regional headquarters and nearby villages and townships. They include Arusha (Auwsa), Dar es Salaam (Dawasa), Dodoma (Duwasa), Geita (Geuwasa), Iringa (Ruwasa), Kagera (Buwasa), Katavi (MpandaUwasa), Kigoma (Kuwasa), Kilimanjaro (Muwsa), Lindi (Luwasa), Manyara (Bawasa), Mara (Muwasa), Mbeya (MbeyaUwssa), Morogoro (Moruwasa), Mtwara (Mtuwasa), Mwanza (Mwauwasa), Njombe (Njuwasa), Rukwa (SumbawangaUwasa), Ruvuma (Souwasa), Shinyanga (Shuwasa), Simiyu (Bawasa), Singida (Suwasa), Songwe (Vwawa – Mlowo), Tabora (Tuwasa), Tanga (TangaUwassa). A few years after their formation at about half of the 98 authorities, especially from small towns and district headquarters, fell under mismanagement and led to constant water shortage in their jurisdictions. They were subsequently cancelled. These included MonduliWssa, LongidoWssa, ChamwinoWssa, KongwaWssa, Same Wssa, MwangaWssa, GallapoWssa, DaredaWssa, BashnetWssa, MaguguWssa, MikumiWssa, KyelaWssa, KasumuluWssa, KilosaWssa, NanyambaWssa, and MangakaWssa. Others include TandahimbaWssa, NewalaWssa, IsakaWssa, MaguWssa, NansioWssa, NguduWssa, KibahaWssa... KisaraweWssa, MkurangaWssa, BagamoyoWssa, IselamagaziWssa, TindeWssa, DidiaWssa, and LalagoWssa. And yet others includeSangamwalugeshaWssa, MalampakaWssa, IsikizyaWssa, SikongeWssa, UramboWssa, MuhezaWssa, PanganiWssa, MisungwiWssa, and ManyoniWssa.Service areas of the cancelled Wssa are managed by regional Wssas. Since their formation water and sanitation authorities were being managed under the ministerial supervision of the Regional Authority and Local Governments portfolio that was previously in the Prime Ministers’ Office and then shifted to the President’s Office. But the Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 5 of 2019 made reforms. Water sector functions and responsibilities including accountability of officers responsible for water service provisions were transferred from President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government Authorities (PO-RALG) to the Ministry of Water. Moreover, the responsibility to supervise water service provision in 24 water and sanitation authorities, and 55 towns in district headquarters and local government authorities which did not have water and sanitation authorities have been placed under the newly created Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (Ruwasa). The regulation of water and sanitation authorities is conducted by the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (Ewura) since 2006. Currently, Ewura regulates 94 water and sanitation authorities, which provide water supply and sanitation services at regional and district headquarters, township and national projects water authorities. For its part, the ministry of Water regulates community-based water supply organisations through Ruwasa.	<urn:uuid:a7634dc1-6e3c-4dc7-8440-0c412ecb6edb>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "url": "https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/tz-60-evolution-of-the-water-sector-management-in-tanzania-3565644", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588526.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20211028193601-20211028223601-00691.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9603977799415588, "token_count": 2038, "score": 2.84375, "int_score": 3 }
twofold character of the labor embodied in commodities We saw at the outset that a commodity is compounded of two things, use-value and exchange-value. Subsequently it became clear that labor, too, in so far as it finds expression in value, acquires characteristics differing from those of labor as the producer of use-values. I was the first to point out and discuss this twofold character of the labor embodied in commodities. Since it is upon this that the understanding of political economy turns, we must look into the matter more closely. Let us take two commodities, such as a coat and ten yards of linen. The former, we will suppose, to be worth twice as much as the latter, so that, if ten yards of linen = W, the coat = 2W. Just as the coat and the linen are qualitatively different use-values, so are the forms of labor which respectively produce them (tailoring and weaving) qualitatively different. Were not the two things qualitatively different use-values, and therefore the products of qualitatively different forms of useful labor, they could not confront each other as commodities. Coats are not exchanged for coats, a use-value is not exchanged for another use-value of the same kind. . . . But the existence of the coat, of the linen, of every constituent of material wealth (other than those freely provided by nature), must be brought about by a special, purposive, productive activity; one which adapts particular gifts of nature to particular human wants. As creator of use-values, as useful labor, labor is a necessary, condition of human existence, and one that is independent of the forms of human society; it is, through all the ages, a necessity imposed by nature itself, for without it there can be no interchange of materials between man and nature -- in a word, no life. The use-values coat, linen, commodities in general, are compounded of two elements: matter and labor. . . .In the process of production, man can only work as nature works -- by changing the forms of matter. Nay, more, in this work of changing the forms of matter he is continually aided by the forces of nature. We see, then, that labor is not the only source of the use-values it produces, is not the only source of material wealth. As William Petty phrases it, while labor is the father of material wealth, the earth is its mother. Let us now pass from commodity regarded as an object possessing utility, to consider the value of the commodity. In our example we assumed the coat to be worth twice as much as the linen. This, however, is merely a quantitative difference, which does not here concern us. Let us bear in mind, however, that, if a coat be worth twice as much as ten yards of linen, then twenty yards of linen will have the same magnitude of value as one coat. As values, coat and linen are the same substance, are the objective expressions of one and the same kind of labor. Tailoring and weaving are, however, qualitatively different kinds of labor . . . and, though qualitatively different productive activities, are, both of them, productive expenditure of the human brain, muscle, nerve, hand, etc., and in this sense are both of them human labor. They are merely two different ways of expending human labor power . . . simple labor power, such as that with which, on the average, the ordinary man is equipped in his bodily organism, without any special development of faculty. Simple average labor doubtless varies in character as between one country and another, and as between one cultural epoch and another; but in any given community it is a constant. Skilled labor counts only as intensified, or rather multiplied, simple labor, so that a smaller quantity of skilled labor is equal to a larger quantity of simple labor. Experience shows that skilled labor can always be reduced in this way to the terms of simple labor.	<urn:uuid:ac1c7d6c-d042-4348-93a3-3b22938733c7>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "url": "https://graphicwitness.org/contemp/marx22.htm", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347426801.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200602193431-20200602223431-00398.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9624830484390259, "token_count": 818, "score": 3.03125, "int_score": 3 }
Even a modest 20 pound weight loss can have a positive effect on a person's health, says new research presented at the American Psychological Association's 120th Annual Convention. Researchers say that reducing weight by changing eating habits, rather than using medication, helps people reduce their chances of developing complications like type 2 diabetes by over 50 percent. Also, these benefits last for almost 10 years even if the person regains the 20 pounds in the next decade. "Helping people find ways to change their eating and activity behaviors and developing interventions other than medication to reinforce a healthy lifestyle have made a huge difference in preventing one of the major health problems in this country," said Rena Wing, PhD, professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University's Alpert Medical School. According to estimates about one third of U.S adults are obese. Obesity now accounts for more than 20 percent of U.S. healthcare costs. Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, stroke and some cancers. Experts say that an obese person can reduce the risk of developing these diseases by losing 5 to 10 percent of their weight. "Weight losses of just 10 percent of a person's body weight (or about 20 pounds in those who weigh 200 pounds) have also been shown to have a long-term impact on sleep apnea, hypertension and quality of life, and to slow the decline in mobility that occurs as people age," Wing said in an interview, according to a news release. According to Kelly Brownell, a keynote speaker at the convention, people need to be aware of the science behind public policies that target obesity. "The primary question is whether foods, particularly those high in sugar, act on the brain in ways that create signs of addiction. Craving and withdrawal signs can be seen in animal and human brain imaging studies conducted by investigators around the world. This could fundamentally change the debate about diet, nutrition and obesity in this country," said Kelly Brownell, PhD, director of Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity in a news release.	<urn:uuid:fb796f83-a212-4950-b4ff-953b592f8da6>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-50", "url": "http://www.medicaldaily.com/modest-weight-loss-can-lead-great-health-benefits-241723", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541134.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00299-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9579943418502808, "token_count": 418, "score": 3.28125, "int_score": 3 }
Ever notice that you can tune out background conversation until you hear someone say your name? How the sound of your cats running around at 2am doesn’t bother your sleep, but a strange noise will wake you? Your ears are constantly bombarded by environmental sounds; some are highly relevant, most are probably not. How does our brain know when to ignore certain sounds and when to take notice? At what point does hearing become listening? The brain contains specialized neuronal circuitry in the form of feedback loops used to refine signals so that we can perceive the world and act accordingly. Of the senses, the auditory system is special because it is always ‘on’. To filter out the noise, the auditory brain can manipulate the incoming signal using circuits that enable fine tuning of gain control. Join us to explore how brains process sound with Dr. Kirupa Suthakar, postdoctoral research fellow at the National Institutes of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)/National Institutes of Health (NIH). Kirupa’s work focuses on auditory neuroscience and on the relation between changes in brain circuitry and different forms of hearing loss. In this special ode to noise we’ll take a moment to appreciate the hidden complexity of sound in the world both around and within us. This event is held in collaboration with the national conference of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology. Special note: ASL Interpretation on screen will be provided! Thursday, February 18, 2021 7:00 pm Pacific 8:30 pm Pacific This event will take place in a Zoom Webinar. Attendees will be able to participate in the chat and submit questions for the live online Q&A with the speaker. Attendees will not be visible or audible during the event. Register for Zoom event. Available Food & DrinkGrab an (adult) beverage of your choice and join us!	<urn:uuid:3385ecb9-11ed-4a44-abc2-c23a658f1544>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "url": "https://www.scienceontaporwa.org/events/online_feb_18_noise/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587877.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026103840-20211026133840-00182.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.8996825814247131, "token_count": 395, "score": 3.25, "int_score": 3 }
A zero-day flaw in the TLS and SSL protocols, which are commonly used to encrypt Web pages, has been made public. Security researchers Marsh Ray and Steve Dispensa unveiled the TLS (Transport Layer Security) flaw on Wednesday, following the disclosure of separate, but similar, security findings. TLS and its predecessor, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), are typically used by online retailers and banks to provide security for Web transactions. Ray, who works with Dispensa at two-factor authentication company PhoneFactor, explained in a blog post this week that he had initially discovered the flaw in August and demonstrated a working exploit to Dispensa at the beginning of September. Read more of "Zero-day flaw found in web encryption" at ZDNet UK.	<urn:uuid:7b4ab766-0a47-4b8e-89db-3314bd543ebb>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-48", "url": "http://www.cnet.com/news/zero-day-flaw-found-in-web-encryption/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398457799.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205417-00351-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9531602263450623, "token_count": 157, "score": 3.046875, "int_score": 3 }
There is an ancient network of rivers and lakes in the Great Nafud Desert in northern Saudi Arabia, Professor Michael Petraglia, co-director of the Center for Asian Archaeology, Art and Culture at Oxford University and head of an international scientific team conducting archeological studies in the kingdom said. “The Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA) has granted a five-year permission to Oxford University to conduct archeological research and we started with the Jubba Oasis in the Nafud,” he told al-Eqtisadiah newspaper. In Jubba, Petraglia explained, the team found the remains of an old lake that they found out dates back to the Paleolithic Age. “We also found several buried archeological sites that date back to the Middle Paleolithic Age, around 75,000 years ago.” For Petraglia, fishermen and harvesters most probably lived around this lake which was also surrounded by trees and grassland at that fertile time.” Pictures taken by NASA and Google Earth showed that similar lakes and rivers dating back to the same era existed and that the areas around them were populated. “Immigrations at the time were linked to water resources and future studies will reveal how densely populated those areas were.” According to Petraglia, the climate in this area has undergone a lot of changes and has always ranged between the extremes of fertility and aridity. “These climate changes continued in the past 100,000 years.” Petraglia, who is studying with his team the past million years of human life, said that one of the most ancient archeological sites they found was in the Dawadmi area in Central Saudi Arabia and Wadi Fatma in the west. “All those sites are extremely important in getting to know more about the history of humanity and Saudi Arabia has a lot of them. The kingdom is very rich as far as history and archeology are concerned.” (Translated from Arabic by Sonia Farid)	<urn:uuid:89bc62f7-69b3-4166-9903-defa56f73600>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "url": "http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/10/213313.html", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705310619/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115510-00060-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.968335747718811, "token_count": 428, "score": 3.28125, "int_score": 3 }
Did you know that about 50 to 75 percent of the population live with a virus dwelling in their guts?! This is the startling revelation made by researcher Rob Edwards, a professor of bioinformatics at San Diego State University. But ‘why have I never heard of it?’ you ask. The reason is that most people haven’t, not even scientists! Although extremely common in humans, it was only discovered recently when researchers studying bacteria unwittingly came across the virus, known as crAssphage . The virus is a bacteriophage, or ‘’phage’’ which means that it infects bacteria. CrAssphage infects bacteria which live inside the human gut, called Bacteroides, but it’s unclear whether the virus is harmful to humans, or responsible for any health problems. The next stage for scientists is to grow the virus in a laboratory in order to work out exactly what effect, if any, crAssphage has on the human body. In the meantime, researchers are being praised for the sophisticated technique they employed to identify the virus. David Pride, associate director of microbiology at the University of California, claimed “The biggest contribution of this work is the method they used’ which could ‘provide a blueprint for further viral discovery’. Dr Martha Clokie of the University of Leicester, was most excited by the news that ‘’scientists have produced new techniques and powerful tools to help identify previously unknown viruses’’. Given the important role bacteria plays in chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, Clokie hoped that “If we can pin down these viral controllers, we could perhaps one day use them to modify any harmful bacteria, rendering them less powerful.” While the discovery of the bacteria should be of interest to Medics and Biologists, all Science applicants should take heed of the methodology on display here that could prove transferrable to a variety of disciplines.	<urn:uuid:eefe6983-4b08-4a41-8706-9de1fa043a7c>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51", "url": "https://oxbridgeapplications.com/kyc/your-gut-and-the-unwanted-guest/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575541301014.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20191215015215-20191215043215-00026.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9588903188705444, "token_count": 406, "score": 3.90625, "int_score": 4 }
ACOG Supports the CDC’s Travel Warnings tied to Zika The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) stated that it supports the new travel guidelines issued by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in response to the mosquito-born Zika virus. The ACOG, which is the largest organization that represents obstetricians and gynecologists in the U.S., is also warning women who are pregnant or planning on getting pregnant, to avoid traveling to countries were the virus has been detected. "There is much that we do not yet know about the Zika virus and its effects during pregnancy, for example whether pregnant women are of greater risk of infection than non-pregnant individuals," ACOG President Dr. Mark DeFrancesco said in the statement reported by Medical Xpress. "However, because of the associated risk of microcephaly, avoiding exposure to the virus is best. That's why pregnant women and women who are considering pregnancy should delay planned travel to areas where Zika virus outbreaks are ongoing." The Zika virus, which has been reported in numerous countries in Central and South America, was linked to a birth defect known as microcephaly, which occurs when an infant is born with an abnormally small head. Microcephaly can lead to mental retardation and death in some cases. In Brazil, the authorities reported more than 3,500 cases of microcephaly this past year, which is a dramatic increase from the 150 cases that were confirmed in 2014. Due to the potential link between the Zika virus and microcephaly, the ACOG is recommending medical professionals to take more detailed patient histories for their female patients who are pregnant or have plans to get pregnant. "Because some women may have traveled to affected areas prior to this advisory, obstetrician-gynecologists and other health care providers should ask all pregnant women about recent travel, and women who have traveled to these regions should be evaluated for Zika virus infection," DeFrancesco said. "Because there is no treatment for Zika virus at this time, women should be counseled about all options available to them. When possible, delivery at a center with the appropriate levels of neonatal expertise may be warranted He added, "Of course, this is an evolving area. We encourage health care providers and patients to continue to monitor the CDC for updated information." The CDC's travel warnings initially included Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, and Puerto Rico. The country and territory list was expanded to include Barbados, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Guyana, Cape Verde, and Samoa.	<urn:uuid:b90cc509-f285-4487-95b5-3bd3fa59430f>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "url": "https://www.counselheal.com/articles/20540/20160123/acog-supports-the-cdc-s-travel-warnings-tied-to-zika.htm", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738351.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200808194923-20200808224923-00597.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9589093923568726, "token_count": 572, "score": 2.734375, "int_score": 3 }
In the United States, seasonal influenza epidemics are responsible for an estimated 226,000 hospitalizations and between 3,000 and 49,000 deaths each year. Pneumonia, the leading infectious cause of hospitalization and death in the United States, is a serious complication of influenza. A new study examined whether getting a flu shot can help reduce hospitalizations due to influenza pneumonia. Researchers from Vanderbilt University Medical Center evaluated more than 2,700 patients from January 2010 to June 2012. All patients had pneumonia and were admitted to the hospital from the emergency department. Overall, about six percent of patients had pneumonia due to influenza. Researchers estimated that the patients who received influenza vaccine had a 57 percent less chance of getting hospitalized with influenza-pneumonia than those patients who were not vaccinated. JAMA Report videos provided pursuant to license. ©2015 American Medical Association, publisher of JAMA® and The JAMA Network® journals.	<urn:uuid:cf2a30ab-49d1-421f-ab0d-b69bc728980d>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "url": "https://reachmd.com/programs/the-jama-report/flu-vaccine-reduces-hospitalizations-pneumonia/7714/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00632.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9605655670166016, "token_count": 187, "score": 3.09375, "int_score": 3 }
From picking clothes and paying bills to communicating and job hunting, people are increasingly logging on to sites and online services that promise to make life more convenient. The use of online entertainment is surging as well, as people drop traditional television in favor of subscription to on-demand services like Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon. Even music is brought to us by online services like Spotify and Apple Music. Though these services are reasonably priced and convenient, they require a certain amount of information from the consumer before they become available—needing at least an email address or phone number, or credit card details and a billing address for paid services. While these services were designed for convenience and speed, security might not have been top priority. A spate of recent mega-breaches demonstrated just how easily personal information can be stolen online. Just last month, Yahoo confirmed that around 500 million accounts were stolen, leaving half a billion people exposed to a slew of security issues. On the underground market, Netflix passwords are easy to find, besides PayPal, Ebay, Dropbox and other popular sites’ user credentials. Cybercriminals are hauling in account information and selling them wholesale. What's in it for them? Pure profit. You can calculate here just how much cybercriminals gain from different site credentials. Personally identifiable information (PII) is harvested and exploited in different ways. Credential stuffing, or using stolen usernames and passwords to crack accounts on other sites, is one way to use stolen credentials. Evidently, a lot of users recycle their passwords, which explains why this method has proven to be a largely successful practice. Compromised email addresses also open up the victim to a lot of other risks. Personal email accounts are usually used to verify other online accounts, which can give cybercriminals access to other sites from one set of credentials. Where do they get the data? A large cache of data is a more lucrative target than individual accounts, which is why cybercriminals go after sites with big repositories. Aside from the Yahoo incident, the breaches of LinkedIn and MySpace also leaked millions of online accounts. The sheer amount of users affected by mega-breaches from these popular sites has pushed many organizations to build up their defenses, and also prompted lawmakers to discuss stronger legislation on data breaches. A breached site isn't always the cause for identity theft and account fraud. Sometimes the loss of information can also be attributed to individuals. Despite increasing awareness and savviness of users, many still fall prey to classic phishing scams, done using a number of different methods that range from email to malicious websites. Users aren’t entirely to blame—attackers are growing more sophisticated. Phishing scams are much more advanced, with scammers often impersonating legitimate companies and asking for login details or account credentials. There are also fake websites that ask for login details before allowing users to see certain content—something legitimate sites also do frequently. As users catch on to old tricks, scammers just make new ones. What happens to stolen data? Free access to online services—Stolen Netflix, Amazon, and Uber accounts are prime examples. Why pay the monthly subscription fee when you can have premium service access for free? The trick is to know how to use the accounts without the user knowing. Mined for information—easily exploitable information like online banking credentials gives criminals an easy avenue for making illicit financial transactions. A way into corporate networks—for sites like LinkedIn and Adobe, many use their company email address to register. Stolen credentials could give an attacker an avenue into internal company networks. For phishing schemes or DDoS attacks—an email account can be used to target other users. Attackers can use your email to send spam for phishing campaigns, or as part of a DDoS attack. Identity theft— your email and personal information can be used to register on other sites. Blackmail or extortion—in some cases victims have sensitive information in their email or online accounts which can be used for blackmail. Protecting your accounts: Think before you click. Before you click on an email from an unknown source, before you link any social media account to a new game or app, or even before you sign in to any new site—make sure that it is legitimate. Cybercriminals often use clickbait to lure in users into giving up their credentials. Sporting events and other big events are a popular lure used to ask people to “sign-up” for free tickets or merchandise. In reality, they’re just collecting user credentials. Keep updated. Update your OS and make sure you have the latest security patches. Weak or non-existent defenses make it easier for malicious actors to steal vital information from your device. Use 2FA. Whathave we learned from the breaches on sites such as Yahoo, LinkedIn, and Dropbox? That cybercriminals have proven to be successful at grabbing millions of usernames and passwords from popular sites. One way to protect your accounts is to enable the two-factor authentication option, a feature offered by a lot of popular sites and services. This feature requires two types of authentication for your online account, such as a password and a code sent via mobile, to make it hard for unauthorized parties to log on using stolen credentials. Monitor your finances. Regularly check your billing statements to find out if your credit or debit card has been compromised. Keep an eye on your accounts and notify your bank quickly if you notice any suspicious activity. Use unique passwords on different sites. This practice eliminates the danger of having stolen credentials from one account compromising your other accounts. Earlier this year, an online backup firm was targeted by attackers using credentials stolen from another site. Attackers assume users reuse passwords across multiple sites, so make sure you use strong and unique passwords for different accounts. Keep separate emails for different purposes. Use separate emails for personal communication, work, and online entertainment. This way, if one email is compromised, attackers will have limited access to sensitive information and other accounts. Get comprehensive protection. Effective and comprehensive security solutions can help you enjoy your digital life safely. Trend Micro™ Maximum Security secures multiple devices, helps manage passwords, and guards against the most prevalent online threats. Like it? Add this infographic to your site: 1. Click on the box below. 2. Press Ctrl+A to select all. 3. Press Ctrl+C to copy. 4. Paste the code into your page (Ctrl+V).	<urn:uuid:12b2bd69-2ddc-44dc-a96c-af68715dc5e4>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "url": "https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/au/security/news/online-privacy/ncsam-protecting-your-online-accounts", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178347293.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210224165708-20210224195708-00107.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9222345352172852, "token_count": 1324, "score": 2.515625, "int_score": 3 }
Eliminating trachoma through cultural engagement The infectious bacterial disease disappeared from mainstream Australia 100 years ago. Australia is the only developed country in the world where trachoma is still prevalent - in many outback areas the high rates of disease have contributed to 9 per cent of preventable blindness in adults. Under the leadership of Melbourne Laureate Professor Hugh R. Taylor AC, the Indigenous Eye Health Unit was established in 2008 to support trachoma elimination and conduct research and policy development by exploring barriers and enablers for Indigenous people accessing eye health services. Project Officer Fiona Lange said the University’s team was developing solid policies based on research findings and was trying to engage remote Indigenous communities to change behaviour. In partnership with local services and Melbourne Football Club, the unit ran a footy clinic and good health day in Katherine, NT. Several Melbourne players including Walpiri man Liam Jurrah conducted the clinic with more than 150 children and 60 adults from seven communities around Katherine. The football clinic was followed by the official launch of the Clean Faces = Strong Eyes campaign in Darwin, which included the introduction of trachoma mascot Milpa the Trachoma Goanna, who will join popular children’s television character Yamba the Honey Ant to promote the campaign with young children and families. The campaign will engage community groups, schools and medical clinics to teach children, medical staff and teachers about the best way to prevent the spread of the disease - by keeping children's faces clean of eye and nose secretions. Ms Lange said the World Health Organisation promoted the SAFE strategy - Surgery, Antibiotics, Face cleanliness and Environmental improvement - to eliminate trachoma. “The trachoma elimination programs using the SAFE strategy are beginning to reduce the prevalence of trachoma, but making facial cleanliness a reality is challenging, because it involves behavioural change.” she said. “Environmental improvements such as access to safe and reliable water, and reducing overcrowded housing will help, but it’s the environmental risk factors revolving around poor personal and community hygiene that enable the spread of trachoma. We want to encourage clean faces as the social norm in remote Indigenous communities.”	<urn:uuid:fcdaf9bb-409c-410f-a98e-7e3fffb7838b>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-07", "url": "http://musse.unimelb.edu.au/september-11-69/eliminating-trachoma-through-cultural-engagement", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701159376.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193919-00149-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9417128562927246, "token_count": 453, "score": 2.703125, "int_score": 3 }
Bird Poems for Children By Josie Whitehead A colourful clown on a high clifftop perch, Surveying the sea far below; Proudly the puffin puffs out its chest Ignoring the cold winds that blow. A black and white suit with bright orange legs, And a tiny black cap on its head; Its face and its body have feathers of white And eye markings of both black and red. During the winter, its home is the sea; Strong wings help to both fly and dive. Our clifftops in winter are quiet once more, But in April the puffins arrive. Thousands return from far and away, And breeding awaits them ahead. A burrow is needed, and one egg is laid, And their puffling soon needs to be fed. The mother and father take it in turn To bring back some fish to their nest. When August arrives, it’s then that it’s time For their puffling to fish with the rest. It’s sad when the colourful clowns say goodbye And return to their life on the sea, But puffins must search for the fish that they eat: They can't buy it like you or like me. Copyright on all my poems	<urn:uuid:aa677afa-4d47-4371-9620-2a01708c1816>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "url": "https://www.josiespoems.com/puffins", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487625967.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616155529-20210616185529-00617.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9183226227760315, "token_count": 278, "score": 2.78125, "int_score": 3 }
WASHINGTON (AP) — Climate change raised the chances of Australia’s extreme fire season by at least 30%, according to a study released Wednesday by climate scientists at the World Weather Attribution group. Scientists from Australia, Europe and North America calculated just how much human-caused global warming elevated the likelihood of Australia’s record-setting fire season by comparing high-resolution computer models of the continent facing varying levels of climate change. The scientists took into account differences in climate conditions in about 1900 compared to current conditions — tabulating both measured and observed changes in temperature, drought and fire intensity. Last year was both the hottest and driest year on record in Australia since measurements began a century ago. “There is evidence that Australian fire seasons have lengthened and become more intense — and extreme temperatures have played a role in this,” said Sophie Lewis, a climate scientist at the University of New South Wales in Canberra, Australia, and a co-author of the study. “Climate change is now part of Australia’s landscape – extreme heat is clearly influenced by human-caused climate change, which can influence fire conditions,” she said. Australia’s 2019-2020 wildfire season burned a record 19 million hectares (47 million acres), displacing thousands of people and killing at least 34. The fires also razed rare habitats and killed more than a billion animals, say researchers. A decade ago, while scientists often discussed how climate change increased the likelihood of extreme weather patterns, researchers were still reluctant to explicitly connect any specific weather event with climate change. Today, more precise computer models allow scientists to pinpoint the degree to which an altered climate influences the chances of individual extreme wildfires, floods, droughts and heatwaves. Technology Review magazine – published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology – recently named climate change attribution models as one of the “Breakthrough Technologies” of 2020. “It’s one thing to paint a broad statistical picture of how climate change is loading the dice for extreme weather events. But it’s quite another to really dig into the climate data and specific numbers around an individual disaster, like the Australian wildfires,” said Kim Cobb, a climate scientist at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, who was not involved in the study. “Reducing emissions remains the most important way to limit our climate risks,” she said.	<urn:uuid:ea6054f4-b127-4410-9a56-23826a47057a>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/hotter-climate-increased-risk-of-australias-record-fires-by-30", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439736902.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20200806091418-20200806121418-00209.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9444631338119507, "token_count": 497, "score": 3.6875, "int_score": 4 }
When Barcelona and general football legend Lionel Messi handed in his transfer request on Tuesday, the reaction was huge. “Where will he go? How much will he cost?” But it was the next line in the news story that really mattered: “The Argentina international, 33, sent a fax to the club on Tuesday saying he wishes to exercise a clause in his contract, allowing him to leave for free with immediate effect.” Fax? Really? FAX? Imagine writing an email by hand, then scanning it and feeding the sheet of paper into a kind of hybrid between a phone and a printer, for the recipient to print out before writing their reply. That’s basically fax. If it sounds very old-fashioned, that’s because it is. The idea was first patented by Scottish clockmaker Alexander Bain in 1843 – long before the telephone was invented. He would swing a pendulum over a line drawing made of copper. Each time it hit a bit of copper, the pendulum would send an electrical signal to another pendulum, which would copy out the same image. The copy was an exact replica of the original – a “facsimile”, or fax for short. This was later adapted to send the electrical signals over telegraph wires (yep, the phone still hadn’t been invented) and the fax could be sent over long distances. For fax sake Fax machines have obviously moved on from pendulums and copper drawings – but the basic concept is the same. Their heyday really started in the mid-1980s. (Around the same time Messi was born – coincidence?) It was the era just before email got big and fax was the quickest way to send documents back and forth. Papers, especially where a signature was required, were (and sometimes still are) faxed between businesses. They were still being used well into the 2000s – and people still remember that painful squeal when they accidentally dialled a fax number instead of a phone number. It just refuses to die Cassette tapes, VHS, Ataris – they were all big in the 80s, but they didn’t last long into the 21st century. Somehow, fax did. A BBC story from 2003 – when email was definitely a thing – explains how faxing was “more popular than it’s ever been”. In fact, it goes on to say how it was common to print out an electronic document and fax it over to someone who would then type it up at their end. Luckily, that kind of inefficiency isn’t really seen today as faxes have finally become obsolete. Lawyers still fax legal documents when signatures are required. And as recently as 2018, the NHS was banned from buying more faxes. It came after a survey found they were still using about 9,000 fax machines across England to send things like patients’ medical histories. The NHS was told to stop using them by March this year and move to email. - Where could Messi go if he leaves Barca? - ‘Football is ready to have a gay player’ - Revealed – Messi’s most iconic moment And fax’s time may be up for lawyers too. The electronic signature company DocuSign most recently reported an annual revenue of $974m (£741m) – suggesting online signatures are big business. Don’t let fax get in the way of a good story OK, back to Messi, because there’s another bit to the story behind his so-called fax. Many people online have been pointing out it probably wasn’t a fax in the old 80s sense of the word. He sent a burofax – sort of like a recorded delivery in the UK. It’s likely his lawyers would have sent a PDF through the Spanish postal service and FC Barcelona had to acknowledge that they’d received it. In Spain, it means there’s legal proof of what was sent and on what date. Which might come in handy if the dispute between Barca and Messi gets, well, messy. They’re arguing over a clause in his contract worth about €700m (£629m), so it could end up in court. But you never know – maybe Messi really was feeding his transfer request into an old fax machine from a multimillion-pound mansion last night? As sports writer Ryan Baldi points out, he was never one to do things by the book.	<urn:uuid:599a00f6-0293-43b0-a2b3-42e3b5342f9f>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "url": "https://worldtimes.asia/did-messi-really-send-his-barcelona-transfer-request-by-fax/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178381230.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20210307231028-20210308021028-00109.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9788711071014404, "token_count": 959, "score": 2.953125, "int_score": 3 }
Published at Friday, June 05th 2020. by Alexandre Devaux in Worksheets. What are math worksheets and what are they used for? These are math forms that are used by parents and teachers alike to help the young kids learn basic math such as subtraction, addition, multiplication and division. This tool is very important and if you have a small kid and you do not have a worksheet, then its time you got yourself one or created one for your kid. There are a number of sites over the internet that offer free worksheets that are downloadable and printable for use by parents and teachers at home or at school. When you are teaching your student to write, there are a whole host of worksheets online that you can use. Many of these include clip-art that will help the students learn the sounds of letters and letter combinations. There are other sheets that help the student learn to write his or her numbers. It is helpful having printable worksheets for something like this, because parents often go through quite a few of these before the child masters writing the numbers or letters correctly. Even the youngest students--kindergartens--will benefit from printable worksheets. They will help your little one learn and master basic concepts in way that will capture and hold their attention. Remember that small kids enjoy doing things rather than simply reading or listening. For this reason, attractive, well-illustrated worksheets with something to do will make learning fun for them. What is more, completing your worksheet will give the child a tremendous sense of fulfillment. TutorVista has online tutoring is done using an interactive white board to work problems, simulations, assessments and other tasks. Our sessions are just like working face to face with a tutor. You are able to connect with a tutor instantly or schedule a tutoring session with a tutor of your choosing. Tutor Vista includes 24/7 availability, detailed assessment tests, unlimited online tutoring, homework help, detailed report card improvements, and knowledge on state curriculum. TutorNation.com connects tutors with students of all ages with private in-home and online tutoring services. Regardless of what subject or level you are having trouble with, the TutorNation database is filled with hundreds of qualified tutors that are happy to assist. As a bonus, you will have unrestricted access to contact information for posted in-person and online tutoring jobs. Learning about numbers includes recognizing written numbers as well as the quantity those numbers represent. Mathematics worksheets should provide a variety of fun activities that teach your child both numbers and quantity. Look for a variety of different ways to present the same concepts. This aids understanding and prevents boredom. Color-by-Numbers pictures are a fun way to learn about numbers and colors too. The next step is learning to write numbers, and this is where mathematics worksheets become almost a necessity. Unless you have great handwriting, lots of spare time and a fair amount of patience, writing worksheets will help you teach this valuable skill to your child. Dot-to-dot, tracing, following the lines and other writing exercises will help your child learn how to write numbers. A good set of worksheets will include practice sheets with various methods to help your child learn to write numbers. Homeschooling educator networks, seasoned teachers, and the internet are all wonderful resources for reading lesson plans, activities, and programs. The internet has opened up a world full of sites where in-school educators and homeschooling parents "gather" to share their ideas for creative lesson plans and activities such as book reports and writing activities. Any homeschooling parent who finds themselves at a loss for new material can visit the internet for reading resources. Many teachers do not appear to know how to harness the power of play to effectively lead children to an understanding of math concepts. This is hardly surprising as teachers strive to meet externally imposed targets with little emphasis or guidance given on how to implement play based learning in the math class. The text book and worksheet rule the day. Until schools are allowed more freedom to adopt a more child-centered approach children will continue to struggle in math and many will ultimately disengage from learning altogether. Is this the fate your child could face? More to the point, are you prepared to take that risk? Many children are being left behind due to lack of math skills. Schools today seem to do a poor job of preparing students for math at the middle and high school level. Here are 5 tips that parents can use to help their child be successful at math. Start early. Before your child goes to preschool, they need to be familiar with small numbers, up to 10. Two is easy to teach and point out. Pair of socks, shoes, etc. Five fingers on a hand and toes on feet. Ten total fingers and toes. At the preschool level, start counting up to 20. Add small numbers, 1 plus 1 is 2. 2 plus 1 is 3. You can even begin the fraction of one half. Half a sandwich, and other food items are a great start. When finishing kindergarten, your child needs to be able to count past 20 and know what larger numbers mean as well. Not working with them, just be familiar. Any content, trademark’s, or other material that might be found on the Greenlistlouisville website that is not Greenlistlouisville’s property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does Greenlistlouisville claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner. Copyright © 2020 Greenlistlouisville. 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Hollin, Clive R. The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence is a textbook which gives comprehensive coverage of interpersonal violence - exploring the various violent acts that occur between individuals in contemporary society. - Examines in detail the controversial use of corporal punishment - Explores ways that psychology can add to our understanding of interpersonal violence - Offers directions for future research that can help to prevent or reduce incidents of interpersonal violence Keywords: Interpersonal violence, spousal abuse, bullying, sexual harassment, animal abuse, child abuse, relationship violence, gang violence, youth violence, forensic psychology, criminology, Forensic Psychology - Hollin, Clive R. - John Wiley and Sons, Inc. - Publication year - Page amount - 224 pages - Medicine, Health Care, Mode - eISBN (ePUB) - Printed ISBN	<urn:uuid:5a4a3457-417e-4bd8-ba1c-19fcbd238e91>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "url": "https://www.ellibs.com/book/9781118598504/the-psychology-of-interpersonal-violence", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949533.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331020535-20230331050535-00265.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.7616308331489563, "token_count": 234, "score": 2.734375, "int_score": 3 }
Can solar arrays catch fire? You bet they can. Judicious design of their inverter circuits can help minimize the need for a call to the fire department. Consider what happened when a solar panel installed in a San Diego house caused a fire a couple years ago. According to newspaper reports, the problem began with smoke coming out of the inverter box. The homeowner flipped the cutoff switch to disconnect the power but while she was on the phone with an electrician, the converter box caught fire. The fire continued to burn even after a fire extinguisher was emptied on it. The San Diego Fire-Rescue Dept. eventually arrived, but all firefighters could do was keep the fire down to a smolder. Finally an electrician was able to cut the wires from the panels, extinguishing the source of energy, and the fire went out. Home alternative energy systems based on solar and wind power are becoming popular, but safety is becoming more of an issue. As incidents like the one in San Diego show, system designers need to build in protections against short circuits and other failures. The power inverter and its control system are the place to focus. A home alternative energy system typically has several major components that must work together. The defining component, naturally, is the power source. When solar panels are the power source, they are often equipped with a maximum power point (MPP) controller to boost efficiency. Residential wind generators, although less common, are also used both alone and to supplement solar panels as primary power sources. Many alternative energy installations include battery banks to buffer the variable output of solar and wind generators as well as to store surplus energy for later use. These systems usually also include a battery charge controller as a core system element. Besides directing current flow into or out of the battery, the charge controller continually monitors both user power demand and the power generated. Each of the power sources incorporates a dc-dc converter and feeds a common high-voltage dc bus known as the dc link. This dc link is what feeds power to the inverter that produces the system ac output. The dc link typically runs in the 600 to 1,200 V range to maximize the inverter efficiency at converting dc power to ac. Inverters for home power systems can range in capacity from 1 to 30 kW and operate by rapidly connecting the dc link voltage to the ac power mains. High-voltage insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) typically serve as the switches, operating in pairs to provide both positive and negative output voltages. The switching inside the inverter, typically at 50 kHz, provides an ON interval just long enough to charge the load capacitance on each main line to the instantaneous voltage that will properly mimic a one or three-phase, 60 Hz ac supply. Synthesis of the complex timing needed to realize this mimicry under all load conditions is the job of the system controller. The controller also monitors the power that drives the battery charge controller and manages the user interface the system offers. In addition, it watches for line faults and directs the system to give safe response if they happen. The fact that the controller has a central role in both system operation and the user interface makes it important that the controller be isolated from the high voltages in the power pathways. The isolation prevents the possibility of the high-dc-link voltage arcing into the control lines, which could damage the controller electronics and possibly injure the user. All sensor lines into and signal lines out of the controller need such isolation, especially those driving the inverter IGBT power switches. The inverter’s central role in the power circuits means it must be highly reliable if it is to provide the15-to-20 year life that consumers demand of alternative energy systems to justify their cost. The inverter should also be relatively immune to accidental damage because, at a cost of $2,000 to $4,000, it takes nearly 10% of the initial system investment to replace it. Page 2 of 3 To provide that reliability and protection, the inverter design must include circuitry to mitigate several known failure mechanisms in the IGBT switches. These failure mechanisms include switching transients that can arise during normal operation; low gate voltages that can happen when batteries are depleted; and short-circuits on the mains caused by faults or user error. Ideally, the IGBT drive electronics would provide both this fault protection and the controller isolation the system needs. Designers can use several different technologies to build electrical isolation into a home energy system. Some magnetic isolation devices, for instance, couple signals across a thin insulating barrier through magnetic induction. This approach may not be fail-safe, however. In a high-voltage electric fault situation, breakdown of this thin insulation barrier may cause a short circuit that can potentially be hazardous to someone touching the controls. Even in normal operation, magnetic isolation has a drawback: It is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) that could confound controller operation. Capacitive coupling is another means of providing isolation. Here the insulation barrier is also a thin dielectric within the capacitor. Like magnetic coupling, capacitor-based isolation is susceptible to EMI, readily passing high-frequency noise to the controller. Optical isolation is a third alternative and offers several advantages. Magnetic and capacitive coupling necessitate keeping high and low-voltage lines in close proximity. In contrast, optical isolation can be configured to keep low-voltage and high-voltage lines far away from each other. This significant distance virtually guarantees that no shorts can occur. Moreover, the LED/photodiode combination in an optocoupler is known to be immune from EMI because of its optical coupling path. Tests show optocouplers can withstand much higher electromagnetic fields than all other isolators currently available. One example of optocouplers suitable for use in alternative energy inverters are those from Avago, which are approved and recognized by component-level safety standards. These standards include UL1577, CSA and IEC 60747-5-5. IEC 60747-5-5 is the official release of the International Safety Standard for optocouplers for reinforced insulation since 2007. Although this standard pertains to optical isolators only, other isolation technologies such as magnetic or capacitive have also obtained the certifications to the optocoupler safety standard. However, their recognition is limited to the obsolete IEC 60747-5-2 standard and to basic insulation only. Basic insulation only provides minimal protection against electrical shock. It cannot be considered “fail-safe.” Therefore, devices offering only basic insulation should not be accessible to users. Reinforced insulation not only protects against electric shock, it is also a “failsafe” design that permits user accessibility to a device. For high reliability in the inverter section of the home energy system, the IGBT transistor drivers must incorporate circuits to prevent or mitigate common failure modes that can damage the IGBT. Normally, the IGBT is operating in the transistor saturation region, which lets it conduct high currents with a low voltage drop (VCE) across the transistor. To enter this state, the IGBT needs at least 12 V on its control gate. There are several ways a home energy system can fail to meet that gate drive requirement. One is to experience an excessive load or a direct short on the ac mains connection to the inverter, which would result in abnormal current draw through the IGBTs. This excess current forces the IGBTs out of saturation, which causes the voltage drop across the transistor to rise. This voltage rise causes the transistor to begin heating, which can quickly lead to device failure. The IGBT can also leave its saturation region if the gate control voltage drops below the minimum level. Conditions that cause this drop can include a decline in the logic supply voltage due to deep battery discharge, as might happen if there has been too little sunlight for a sustained period. As with excessive current draw conditions, the low gate voltage causes a low VCE and heating that can lead to device failure. Page 3 of 3 There are also failure modes that arise from the inevitable parasitic inductance and capacitance in switching circuits. Parasitic inductance can cause voltage spikes to arise if the IGBT shuts its output down too quickly, and these spikes can be large enough to damage the device. The energy stored in a parasitic capacitance (called Miller Capacitance) at the IGBT’s control gate can keep one switch of the pair closed too long, resulting in a short circuit across the dc link. Fortunately, protective circuits integrated into the Avago ACPL-332 gate drive optocoupler can be designed into an inverter to prevent or mitigate all these failure modes as well as signal the system controller about the occurrence of a fault. An under-voltage lockout circuit, for instance, can clamp the gate voltage to ground (keeping the IGBT turned off) in the event the supply voltage is too low to properly drive the gate. Such a circuit should include hysteresis, however, to avoid oscillation when the supply voltage is at the lockout threshold. Another useful protective circuit is a desaturation detector. This circuit monitors the VCE voltage across the IGBT. If this voltage rises above about 7 V, the IGBT is out of saturation and in danger of damage from excessive heating. The detector circuit shuts down the IGBT gate driver during desaturation, eliminating the danger. Careful circuit design and board layout can reduce the parasitic inductance in the inverter, hence reducing the magnitude of transient voltages when the IGBT switches off. But design practices alone cannot guarantee to eliminate the danger. Designing the IGBT driver for a soft turn-off, however, can ensure that transient voltages never become dangerous. Parasitic Miller capacitance cannot be eliminated through board design, but a clamping circuit can eliminate its effect in keeping an IGBT turned on too long. An active Miller clamp can monitor the gate voltage when turning off the IGBT, stepping in to short out the parasitic capacitance when the gate voltage drops below a threshold, guaranteeing shut-down timing. The protection against fault conditions that these circuits provide, as well as the protection against short-circuits that isolation provides, are both essential for the safety and reliability home energy systems demand. Optocouplers provide the kind of superior isolation needed to ensure user safety and prevent component damage despite the high voltages present in the dc link. Protective circuits in the IGBT gate drivers help extend inverter lifetime by preventing the most common failure modes. Together, these functions can help alternative energy systems provide the reliability that consumers demand. 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A Manifesto for Networked Objects — Cohabiting with Pigeons, Arphids and Aibos in the Internet of Things by Julian Bleecker Context: Addressing the concept of the networked object and the life that it can create through the information it produces through “blogging” (posting) data. Defines the concept “blogject” as an item that posts data through networked means. The attention of the blogject is on the participation that is required from an object. Blogjects carry data in their bodies, store the history, track and trace movement & interaction. They are an active agent. Traces: Where you are + where you’ve been in geo-spatial means Spime: Searchable agents, track their location, usage instances, + discourse with other things around them. - Human agency alone is not what shapes us as we occupy + move through space. - Storing the memory in the objects should be embedded rather than indexical - This is the history of the object - Agency: the ability to format action, be decisive, and articulate.	<urn:uuid:64212e42-8957-4ab5-aa83-f9fece0dfb38>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "url": "http://blog.ocad.ca/wordpress/3172269/2019/06/the-internet-of-things-networked-objects-and-smart-devices/", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999615.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20190624150939-20190624172939-00089.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9143603444099426, "token_count": 236, "score": 2.5625, "int_score": 3 }
Every time the earth shakes somewhere ... it send a shockwave across one or more tectonic plates. Are you still checking the IRIS map every day? Click on the map ... then click again to see how earthquake activity is accelerating globally. It would appear that almost every continent is being affected and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is shaking. China quake: Scores die and hundreds hurt in Sichuan BBC - April 20, 2013 Dozens of people have been killed and hundreds injured in a powerful earthquake in rural areas of China's south-western province of Sichuan. The 6.6-magnitude quake wrecked buildings, cut power and blocked roads in Lushan county, killing more than 124 so far and injuring 2,600 so far, officials say. Rescuers are struggling to get through to the worst-affected areas because of aftershocks and landslides. Tens of thousands were killed in a quake that hit Sichuan in 2008. 7.0 quake hits ocean off Japan, Russia; no damage AP - April 19, 2013 The Japan Meteorological Agency said sea changes were possible. No tsunami warnings have been issued. The tremor struck around midday in the Pacific Ocean at a relatively shallow depth of 10 kilometers (6.2 miles). The U.S. Geological Survey measured a stronger 7.2 magnitude. Japan and Russia both claim some of the sparsely populated islands in the remote region. 6.0-Magnitude Earthquake Strikes Off Kuril Islands Live Science - April 19, 2013 Earthquakes of this size are considered major and can cause significant damage, especially with poorly built structures. Even well designed buildings can be damaged or, in some cases, destroyed depending on the severity of the quake and a building's proximity to the epicenter. Earthquakes of this size are sometimes followed by significant aftershocks. Mine Disaster - Earthquakes Shed New Light on Utah Collapse Live Science - April 19, 2013 One of Utah's deadliest mine disasters may have brought down the entire Crandall Canyon coal mine, according to a new seismic study presented today (April 19) at the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Salt Lake City. At Crandall Canyon, a room carved from coal collapsed 1,500 feet (457 meters) below the surface on Aug. 6, 2007, trapping six workers. A tunnel collapse on Aug. 16 killed three rescuers digging toward the suspected location of the miners. The bodies of the six miners were never recovered. With new analysis techniques, researchers at the University of Utah identified up to 2,000 tiny, previously unrecognized earthquakes before, during and after the coal mine collapse. Earthquakes Are East Coast's Biggest Tsunami Threat Live Science - April 19, 2013 The U.S. East Coast's biggest tsunami threat lurks just offshore, according to research presented today (April 19) at the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting in Salt Lake City. Recent earthquake swarms off the Massachusetts coast highlight the threat of tsunamis from nearby earthquakes, rather than faraway islands, said John Ebel, a seismologist at Boston College. The geologic setting of the quakes off the Northeast appears similar to that of a magnitude-7.3 earthquake that struck in the Grand Banks off Newfoundland in 1929, Ebel said. The resulting 32-foot (10 meters) tsunami swamped southern Newfoundland and triggered underwater landslides that severed transatlantic telephone cables. Hurricane Sandy lit up seismometers across US MSNBC - April 20, 2013 Hurricane Sandy's fateful left turn toward the mid-Atlantic Coast in October last year lit up earthquake monitors all the way to Seattle, according to results presented at the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting Thursday. When Hurricane Sandy veered on Oct. 29, the sudden increase in crashing ocean waves sent rumbles through the Earth detectable on seismometers. The wave-on-wave collisions created what are called standing waves, doubling the energy directed at the seafloor, scientists reported today. The ocean gave the seafloor a little shove, sending seismic waves through the Earth. Superstorm Sandy Shook the U.S., Literally Science Daily - April 18, 2013 When superstorm Sandy turned and took aim at New York City and Long Island last October, ocean waves hitting each other and the shore rattled the seafloor and much of the United States -- shaking detected by seismometers across the country, University of Utah researchers found. Quite a Jolt: Earthquakes Heralded Opening of Sinkhole Live Science - April 17, 2013 Earthquakes signaled the opening of a giant toxic sinkhole in southeastern Louisiana last year, researchers reported here today at the Seismological Society of America's annual meeting. Strong shaking first rattled residents of Bayou Corne on June 8 and July 3 in 2012, prompting officials to install earthquake monitors near the small town. After July 14, seismometers detected 10 to 12 sharp tremors of about magnitude 2.5 jolting the region daily, said Steve Horton, a seismologist at the University of Memphis and lead study author. Salt Lake City Could See Bigger Earthquakes Live Science - April 17, 2013 Two faults bounding Utah's biggest city may combine to produce especially powerful earthquakes, geologists will report in Salt Lake City today (April 17) at the annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America. Utah's biggest earthquake fault runs east of Salt Lake City, at the base of the steep Wasatch Mountains. About 75 percent of the state's population lives near the 240-mile-long (385 kilometers) Wasatch Fault, according to the Utah Geological Survey. Its last big earthquake hit in 1600, 247 years before Mormon settlers arrived. London Marathon: Final preparations under way BBC - April 20, 2013 Final preparations for the London Marathon are under way ahead of Sunday's race. The build-up to the event has been subject to more attention than usual in the wake of bomb attacks at the Boston Marathon on Monday. The Metropolitan Police has increased officer numbers by 40% on last year to "reassure" runners and spectators. That is despite the force seeing "no link whatsoever" between what happened in the US and the London event. More than 35,000 runners are due to take part in the race, which starts in Blackheath in south-east London, and finishes near Buckingham Palace. Boston Marathon attack: How secure are marathons? BBC - April 20, 2013 Despite the diligent efforts of security officials, marathons are among the toughest sport events to secure, analysts say. The Boston Marathon is one of America's premier sporting events. But with 26.2 miles coursing through Boston's suburbs and crowded centre, it is also one of the hardest to keep safe. "It's an outdoor event with no access control: 26 miles of open-ended opportunities for people to come in and out," says Lou Marciani, director of the National Center for Spectator Sports Safety and Security at the University of Southern Mississippi. NYC race beefs up security after Boston Marathon bombing FOX - April 20, 2013 New York Road Runners is enhancing baggage security measures for a 4-mile race on Sunday in Central Park in response to the Boston Marathon bombings - and the New York City police department is bringing in extra cameras for added surveillance. The NYPD purchased 100 mobile cameras it will use at the race as a result of the bombings, NYPD spokesman Paul Browne said Friday. There will also be significantly increased police presence at the race as well as at a 5K run/walk to the National Sept. 11 Memorial and Museum on Sunday, he said. 6 Great Spring Races in NYC Prospect Heights - April 20, 2013 This weekend, 10,000 runners and spectators will gather at Central Park to pound the pavement in The More Magazine/Fitness Magazine Women's Half-Marathon, celebrating its 10th Anniversary. But if you didn't register in time, no worries. There are plenty of other great runs being held this spring. Here are six that take you to interesting places in Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island. Five-day manhunt ends Like being caught in a strange nightmare where everything seems surreal - the world watched transfixed as events unfolded in Watertown, Mass. - culminating Friday night with the capture of Dzhokar Tsarnaev. As details now unfold about what turned two brothers into international terrorists, we will once again look at the madness in the human condition and where it is all going. Boston Terror is Over CNN - April 20, 2013 After a five-day nightmare filled with tragedy and grief, fear and anxiety, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings is in custody. The other, his older brother, is dead. And residents across Massachusetts are cheering the efforts of law enforcement officers who ended a week of hell. Suspect Dzhokar Tsarnaev is hospitalized in serious condition Boston marathon bombs suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev captured BBC - April 20, 2013 As news emerged that the teenaged suspect was being treated in hospital, US President Barack Obama promised to seek answers on what had motivated the bombers and whether they had help.	<urn:uuid:030652e8-9ddf-4bf1-859e-dea363319d9e>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "url": "http://elliesworld-blog.blogspot.com/2013/04/significant-earthquakes-this-week-every.html", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122041.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00007-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.935710608959198, "token_count": 1875, "score": 2.671875, "int_score": 3 }
For the past six years, Rachel Tampier has used one password to unlock her entire digital world, from checking her email to accessing her bank account. Even after a hacker tried to break into her email account, she still did not change her password, she said. "I have so many pins and different email addresses and usernames," said Tampier, 25, who lives in suburban Chicago. "The last thing I want is another password to remember." That attitude is all too common, experts say, contributing to a rising number of people falling prey to hackers. In recent years, passwords have morphed from being portals to email to being keys to the vast world of online commerce. But most Internet users leave themselves vulnerable to hackers by making their passwords too obvious or using just a few passwords for all their online accounts, experts say. Not creating multiple, complex passwords "is like not closing your windows before you go out," said Graham Cluley, a senior technology consultant at the cyber-security firm Sophos. "There are really no excuses," Cluley said. Yet Internet users still come up with a wide range of them, according to interviews. Many say creating several intricate passwords would be too difficult to remember. Some say they don't believe they will be targeted by hackers. Others say they trust corporations to keep their data safe. "I pay all my bills online and I shop online and I've never had a problem so why worry?" Tampier said. "What do I really have to hide besides my bank account?" Plenty, security experts say. If hackers gain access to a user's email account, for example, they can infiltrate other accounts by resetting passwords or spy on victims by creating a feature that forwards their emails without their knowledge, Cluley said. "Then the rest of your online identity begins to unravel," Cluley said. To make a password easy to recall but hard to crack, Cluley recommends taking a sentence, using the first letter of each word, then replacing some letters with symbols and numbers, like "&" instead of "and" and "4" instead of "four." After infiltrating the computer networks of several corporations, the hacker group LulzSec last month posted 62,000 user emails and passwords online, revealing how thousands of people use simple passwords like "writerlady," "baseball," "kindle" and perhaps the most obvious of them all -- "password." The data dump likely forced those users to change their passwords, which they may have used for other accounts. About 75 percent of people use identical passwords for their social networking and email accounts, according to a study last year by the cyber-security company BitDefender. Even the president has been guilty of using a weak password: Last year, a French computer hacker was arrested for hacking Obama's personal Twitter account by correctly guessing his password was "Bo," the name of his dog, according to the Daily Mail. The security breakdown among corporations and consumers has led to nearly 23 million records being compromised so far this year, according to the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. It has reached the point where companies now help users strengthen their passwords. Last week, Microsoft announced a new feature that prevents Hotmail users from using certain obvious passwords -- such as "123456" -- to make life more difficult for hackers. Meanwhile, password management programs such as KeePass or LastPass have hit the market, part of a cottage industry helping users with multiple passwords by storing all of them under one password-protected program. KeePass or LastPass are free, but others are not, and users must accept the inherent risk of storing all their passwords in one location. Instead of using a password manager, David Pinero, 45, of Queens, keeps a spreadsheet that lists his passwords for about 200 online accounts, including dozens of Internet message boards. He feels safe from hackers because his spreadsheet is protected by a "crazy password" that is not written down anywhere, he said. But except for a few complex codes for accessing banking and other sensitive data, Pinero said many of his passwords are the same. "To have a unique password for each of 200 accounts," he said, "would be impossible to memorize." Once, Pinero was tricked into revealing his password after clicking on a link from what appeared to be a trusted source, he said. When he realized it wasn't, he immediately started changing all 200 passwords, which took him nearly an hour, he said. "What I worry about is we don't know who is administering these accounts," Pinero said. "You can't really distinguish between what's an established, secure service and one run by a hacker or a startup of irresponsible people." Lately, though, even major corporations have suffered major security breaches, and thousands of customers' passwords have been stolen through no fault of their own. Further, companies are often reluctant to tell customers about security breaches out of fear of damaging shareholder value or losing business, experts say. In the last year, 90 percent of businesses suffered at least one data breach, according to a study released last month by the Ponemon Institute. Yet only 40 percent of U.S. companies disclose all security breaches, while 60 percent report only major ones, according to a study released this year by the security firm McAfee. In response, lawmakers in Washington have introduced several bills in Congress that compell companies to protect consumer data online and report when consumer data has been compromised. In the meantime, Internet users are sometimes forced to change their passwords for their own good. Lindsey Jensen, 21, a student at University of Virginia, said her school forces her to use letters, numbers and symbols for her password and change it every 90 days. "In your daily life, you don't put it on the top of your priority list," Jensen said. Justin Cappa, 21, a senior at New York University, said having multiple complex passwords for all his online accounts was "like having too many remotes." "It gets to be too much of a hassle," he said. "I'll deal with it if someone hacks into it, but it's not really worth the trouble until then." Even after his instant messenger account was hacked, spewing spam to friends until it was deleted, Cappa still used the compromised password for other accounts, he said. While Cluley and other cyber-security experts have applauded Microsoft for requiring Hotmail users to have more stringent passwords, Cappa said he found such features "annoying." "I have way too much other stuff I'm worried about," he said. "If somebody hacks my account, that's my problem. Let me make my password my dog's name. It'll make my life a little easier." [NOTE: Do you use a password manager? Do you find the software effective for keeping your passwords safe? 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This week brings us to Factors Affecting Mental Health. Most of these factors, including environmental and psychosocial factors, are recorded on Axis IV of the DSM Multiaxial Assessment. You will see these factors in many test questions and will often be asked to prioritize interventions based on multiple stressors/factors. Let's look at an example: A family contacts a social worker for help with an increase in conflict and fighting. During the intake, the wife tells the social worker that her husband's mother recently moved in with the family after his father passed away. She goes on to say that her husband wants the family "to all just bend to his mother's wishes." The son and daughter, both adolescents, complain about the fact that they now have to share a room "because of grandma." The husband sits silently while these exchanges are occurring. What should the social worker do NEXT? A. Provide the father with referrals for a bereavement support group B. Help the family figure out how to set limits with the grandmother C. Teach the family effective conflict resolution skills D. Explore the father's feelings about his father's death and mother's arrival At first, when you look at this question, you may think it's asking you about family therapy techniques, and it is, but it's also asking you to consider the environmental and psychosocial factors affecting this family and respond accordingly. This happens on tests pretty frequently -- questions appear to be focused on therapeutic interventions but are actually testing your ability to identify and weigh the various factors that the stem presents. And don't forget to pay particular attention to the word "NEXT" and use it as a prompt to put the answer choices in the order in which you would use them instead of trying to rule any of them out. D is the best answer to the question above because it encourages the father to express his perspective and takes into account that he has recently lost his father, an additional psychosocial stressor. A, B, and C may all be useful interventions, but hearing and understanding how the stressors have affected all family members is more important in this initial stage of treatment. The entire family is experiencing the stressor of having the grandmother move in, but only the father is experiencing the additional stressor of losing a parent. Without understanding how these stressors are affecting him, the therapist cannot proceed with additional interventions Coming up next week: Stages of Development Think our straightforward, sensible approach could help you PASS your social work or MFT exam? If you're preparing for a social work exam, check out our Social Work Study Materials. If you're preparing for an MFT exam, check out our MFT Study Materials. Learn more about our offerings at The Therapist Development Center. Looking for more practice questions and some study tips? Check out our new Social Work Exam Study Guide: Subscribe to our Newsletter and Stay Connected!	<urn:uuid:4f379e9b-bb1f-4cd0-8485-882e02f959ce>	{ "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "url": "https://www.therapistdevelopmentcenter.com/blog/what-factors-affect-mental-health-lcsw-mft-exam-prep", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816841.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225170106-20180225190106-00760.warc.gz", "language": "en", "language_score": 0.9649067521095276, "token_count": 589, "score": 3.078125, "int_score": 3 }

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