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5 ▁miles ▁north ▁ ▁the ▁Chicago ▁L akes ▁at ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Creek , ▁ 2 ▁miles ▁north ▁ ▁A by ss ▁Lake ▁at ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Lake ▁F ork , ▁ 1 ▁mile ▁west - s outh west ▁ ▁The ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁Sc en ic ▁By way ▁consists ▁of ▁State ▁Highway ▁ 1 0 3 ▁from ▁Id aho ▁Spr ings , ▁Colorado ▁on ▁I - 7 0 ▁about ▁ ▁to ▁E cho ▁Lake , ▁and ▁Colorado ▁ 5 ▁from ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁, ▁ending ▁at ▁a ▁par king ▁area ▁and ▁turn around ▁just ▁below ▁the ▁sum mit . ▁ ▁The ▁latter ▁has ▁long ▁been ▁the ▁highest ▁p aved ▁road ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁( 5 th ▁highest ▁in ▁the ▁world ) ▁and ▁is ▁only ▁open ▁in ▁the ▁summer . ▁ ▁Colorado ▁ 1 0 3 ▁continues ▁east ▁from ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁to ▁S qu aw ▁Pass , ▁from ▁which ▁it ▁connect s , ▁via ▁Clear ▁Creek ▁County ▁Road ▁ 1 0 3 ▁and ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁Road ▁ 6 6 , ▁to ▁Ber gen ▁Park ▁from ▁which ▁Colorado ▁ 7 4 ▁leads ▁to ▁Ever green ▁Colorado . ▁ ▁The ▁Gu an ella ▁Pass ▁Sc en ic ▁By way ▁passes ▁within ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans , ▁linking ▁Ge or get own ▁and ▁I - 7 0 ▁with ▁Grant ▁and ▁US ▁ 2 8 5 , ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁ ▁A ▁marked ▁h ik ing ▁trail ▁roughly ▁par alle ls ▁the ▁highway ▁from ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁to ▁the ▁sum mit , ▁and |
▁a ▁second ▁marked ▁trail ▁links ▁Gu an ella ▁Pass ▁to ▁Mount ▁B ier stadt . ▁ ▁A ▁difficult ▁side ▁route ▁of ▁the ▁latter ▁clim bs ▁to ▁the ▁n ort he astern ▁peak ▁of ▁The ▁S aw to oth , ▁from ▁which ▁an ▁easy ▁r idge ▁leads ▁to ▁the ▁sum mit ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans . ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁mass if ▁is ▁now ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁W ilder ness ▁area ▁in ▁A rap aho ▁National ▁Forest ▁and ▁Pi ke ▁National ▁Forest . ▁ ▁The ▁exception ▁is ▁a ▁narrow ▁cor rid or ▁along ▁the ▁highway ▁from ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁that ▁is ▁ex cluded ▁from ▁the ▁w ilder ness . ▁ ▁Sum mit ▁Lake ▁Park ▁and ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁Park , ▁are ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁historic ▁Den ver ▁Mountain ▁Park s ▁system . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁was ▁originally ▁known ▁as ▁Mount ▁Rosa ▁or ▁Mount ▁Ros al ie . ▁Albert ▁B ier stadt ▁named ▁it ▁for ▁the ▁wife ▁of ▁Fitz ▁Hugh ▁Lud low , ▁whom ▁he ▁later ▁married . ▁The ▁name ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁reference ▁to ▁Monte ▁Rosa , ▁the ▁highest ▁peak ▁in ▁Switzerland . ▁B ier stadt ▁and ▁his ▁guide , ▁William ▁Newton ▁By ers , ▁approached ▁the ▁mountain ▁along ▁Chicago ▁Creek ▁from ▁Id aho ▁Spr ings ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 , ▁and ▁spent ▁several ▁days ▁painting ▁sketch es ▁of ▁the ▁mountain ▁from ▁the ▁Chicago ▁L akes ▁before ▁clim bing ▁to ▁Sum mit ▁Lake ▁and ▁on ward ▁to ▁the ▁sum mit . ▁ ▁B ier stadt ' s |
▁sketch , ▁Mountain ▁Lake , ▁accur ately ▁port ray s ▁the ▁view ▁of ▁Mount ▁Sp ald ing ▁over ▁the ▁Chicago ▁L akes . ▁ ▁His ▁painting , ▁A ▁Storm ▁in ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountains , ▁M t . ▁Ros al ie , ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁that ▁and ▁other ▁sketch es . ▁ ▁A ▁second ▁claim ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁asc end ▁is ▁attributed ▁to ▁Judge ▁L unt ▁and ▁a ▁friend ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 . ▁William ▁Henry ▁Jackson , ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁Hay den ▁Survey , ▁visited ▁the ▁Chicago ▁L akes ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 3 , ▁where ▁he ▁took ▁numerous ▁photograph s ; ▁the ▁sum mit ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁is ▁bare ly ▁visible ▁in ▁several ▁of ▁these , ▁pe ek ing ▁over ▁the ▁col ▁between ▁upper ▁Chicago ▁Lake ▁and ▁Sum mit ▁Lake . ▁ ▁The ▁Hay den ▁survey ▁reported ▁that ▁Mount ▁Ros al ie ▁was ▁ 1 4 , 3 3 0 ▁feet ▁above ▁sea ▁level , ▁measured ▁by ▁tri ang ulation . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 5 , ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁after ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁res ign ▁as ▁governor ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁inf am ous ▁Sand ▁Creek ▁Mass acre ▁and ▁its ▁subsequent ▁cover - up , ▁Colorado ' s ▁legisl ature ▁officially ▁renamed ▁the ▁peak ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁John ▁Evans , ▁second ▁governor ▁of ▁the ▁Colorado ▁Territ ory ▁from ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁to ▁ 1 8 6 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁Sc en |
ic ▁By way ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁larger ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁Den ver ▁Mountain ▁Park s ▁system . ▁ ▁It ▁ultimately ▁began ▁when ▁the ▁City ▁and ▁County ▁of ▁Den ver ▁initi ated ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁autom obile ▁" sc en ic ▁loops " ▁to ▁allow ▁Den ver ites ▁to ▁explore ▁the ▁mountains . ▁ ▁One ▁road ▁circuit , ▁Circle ▁G , ▁was ▁to ▁traverse ▁the ▁r idge ▁to ▁S qu aw ▁Pass ▁on ▁to ▁E cho ▁Lake , ▁cul min ate ▁in ▁a ▁clim b ▁up ▁M t . ▁Evans , ▁and ▁loop ▁down ▁to ▁Id aho ▁Spr ings . ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁achieve ▁this ▁goal , ▁Den ver ▁Mountain ▁Park s ▁acquired ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁land ▁parc els , ▁including ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁Ber gen ▁Park ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁Bear ▁Creek ▁segment ▁from ▁the ▁Gen ese e ▁s addle ▁to ▁Ber gen ▁Park ▁was ▁finished ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁while ▁the ▁Den ver ▁Mountain ▁Park s ▁committee ▁worked ▁to ▁make ▁M t . ▁Evans ▁a ▁National ▁Park , ▁going ▁as ▁far ▁as ▁getting ▁support ▁in ▁Congress ▁for ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁" cement ▁road " ▁to ▁the ▁mountain . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁mile ▁was ▁paid ▁for ▁by ▁Den ver ▁with ▁the ▁understanding ▁that ▁the ▁State ▁Highway ▁Commission ▁would ▁do ▁the ▁rest . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Den ver ▁Mountain ▁Park s ▁committee ▁was ▁not ▁without ▁disag re ement ▁and ▁set back s , ▁however . ▁$ 3 0 , 0 |
0 0 ▁was ▁acquired ▁early ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁to ▁construct ▁the ▁Ber gen ▁Park ▁to ▁S qu aw ▁Pass ▁segment ▁and ▁all ▁seemed ▁to ▁be ▁flow ing ▁towards ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁when ▁the ▁mayor ▁of ▁Den ver , ▁Robert ▁W . ▁Spe er , ▁appointed ▁W . F . R . ▁M ills ▁as ▁the ▁Commission er ▁of ▁Im prov ements , ▁who ▁summar ily ▁stopped ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁road , ▁stating ▁that ▁" It ▁is ▁a ▁road ▁that ▁starts ▁now here , ▁ends ▁now here , ▁and ▁never ▁gets ▁there ". ▁ ▁After ▁studying ▁the ▁issue , ▁M ills ▁later ▁rec anted ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁supp orter ▁of ▁the ▁park ▁system , ▁and ▁the ▁segment ▁between ▁Ber gen ▁Park ▁and ▁S qu aw ▁Pass ▁was ▁constructed ▁beginning ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁next ▁act ▁was ▁to ▁get ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁class ified ▁as ▁a ▁National ▁Park , ▁but ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁was ▁a ▁tum ult uous ▁time ▁between ▁the ▁National ▁Park ▁system ▁and ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Forest ▁Service , ▁who ▁currently ▁held ▁claim ▁to ▁the ▁mountain . ▁ ▁Al ready ▁in ▁bitter ▁struggle ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁a ▁National ▁Park ▁Service , ▁Chief ▁For ester ▁Gra ves ▁ad am antly ▁blocked ▁the ▁rel in qu ishment ▁of ▁this ▁area ▁of ▁National ▁Forest , ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁Forest ▁Service ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁including ▁the ▁immediate ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁road ▁between ▁S qu aw ▁Pass ▁and |
▁E cho ▁Lake ▁( Color ado ). ▁ ▁This ▁joint ▁exercise ▁between ▁the ▁City ▁and ▁County ▁of ▁Den ver , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Congress , ▁the ▁State ▁Highway ▁System , ▁and ▁now ▁the ▁Forest ▁Service ▁would ▁be ▁completed ▁with ▁help ▁of ▁a ▁newly ▁formed ▁Federal ▁Agency , ▁the ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Public ▁Ro ads . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁the ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Public ▁Ro ads ▁provided ▁the ▁plan ▁to ▁construct ▁ 9 . 4 1 ▁miles ▁of ▁road ▁from ▁S oda ▁Pass ▁( now ▁called ▁S qu aw ▁Pass ) ▁to ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁the ▁road ▁had ▁only ▁managed ▁to ▁be ▁constructed ▁to ▁Chief ▁Mountain . ▁ ▁By ▁October ▁ 1 ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁the ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Public ▁Ro ads ▁had ▁completed ▁construction ▁to ▁E cho ▁Lake . ▁The ▁first ▁survey ▁for ▁the ▁road ▁from ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁to ▁the ▁peak ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁was ▁made ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁finishing ▁the ▁layout ▁by ▁January ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁despite ▁a ▁flu ▁out break ▁in ▁the ▁camp , ▁dam aging ▁wind st orm s , ▁and ▁nearly ▁ins ur mount able ▁environmental ▁hard ships . ▁ ▁Batt ling ▁the ▁unusual ▁problems ▁that ▁come ▁with ▁high - alt itude ▁construction ▁( ste am ▁sh ov els ▁performing ▁only ▁half ▁as ▁effective ▁at ▁high ▁alt itude , ▁difficulty ▁of ▁ha uling ▁coal ▁and ▁water , ▁horse |
▁suic ide , ▁etc .) ▁the ▁last ▁ 6 0 0 ▁feet ▁were ▁finally ▁built ▁by ▁hand , ▁being ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁ru ins ▁of ▁the ▁C rest ▁House ▁( 1 9 4 1 – 1 9 4 2 ) ▁sit ▁nearby . ▁ ▁Once ▁containing ▁both ▁a ▁restaurant ▁and ▁a ▁gift ▁shop , ▁it ▁burn ed ▁down ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁and ▁was ▁not ▁re built , ▁but ▁remains ▁as ▁a ▁place ▁of ▁cont empl ation ▁today . ▁ ▁The ▁rock ▁foundation ▁and ▁walls ▁remain ▁as ▁a ▁wind break ▁for ▁mountain ▁travel ers , ▁and ▁the ▁view ing ▁platform ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Colorado ' s ▁premier ▁scen ic ▁over look s . ▁ ▁M t . ▁Evans ▁also ▁hosts ▁the ▁annual ▁M t . ▁Evans ▁Hill ▁Cl imb , ▁a ▁ ▁b icy cle ▁race ▁with ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ ▁of ▁clim bing . ▁ ▁Environment ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁ ▁The ▁atmos pher ic ▁pressure ▁on ▁the ▁sum mit ▁is ▁around ▁ 4 6 0 ▁tor r ▁( 6 1 0 ▁m b ), ▁while ▁a ▁standard ▁atmosphere ▁( se a ▁level ) ▁is ▁ 7 6 0 ▁tor r ▁( 1 0 1 3 ▁m b ). ▁ ▁At ▁this ▁pressure , ▁many ▁people ▁suffer ▁from ▁alt itude ▁sick ness . ▁ ▁The ▁climate ▁on ▁the ▁sum mit ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁can ▁be ▁extreme . ▁ ▁The ▁mean ▁annual ▁temperature ▁on ▁the ▁sum mit ▁is ▁ 1 8 |
° F ▁(- 8 ° C ). ▁Tem per atures ▁rarely ▁fall ▁below ▁ 0 ° F ▁(- 1 8 ° C ), ▁but ▁occasionally ▁fall ▁as ▁low ▁as ▁- 4 0 ° F ▁(- 4 0 ° C ). ▁ ▁The ▁highest ▁temperature ▁recorded ▁on ▁the ▁sum mit ▁was ▁ 6 5 ° F ▁( 1 8 ° C ), ▁and ▁below ▁free zing ▁temper atures ▁may ▁occur ▁at ▁any ▁time ▁of ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁maximum ▁wind ▁speed ▁measured ▁was ▁ 1 0 7 ▁kn ots ▁( 1 2 3 m ph ▁or ▁ 1 9 8 km / h ), ▁while ▁the ▁average ▁is ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 3 0 ▁kn ots ▁( 2 8 ▁to ▁ 3 5 m ph ▁or ▁ 4 6 ▁to ▁ 5 6 km / h ). ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁wind ▁speed ▁is ▁over ▁ 1 5 ▁kn ots ▁( 1 7 m ph ▁or ▁ 2 8 km / h ), ▁the ▁wind ▁is ▁almost ▁always ▁from ▁the ▁west - s outh west . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁T orn ado ▁At ▁ 2 : 5 1 ▁pm ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁a ▁weak , ▁short - l ived ▁torn ado ▁touched ▁down ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans ' ▁sum mit ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁estimated ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁We ather ▁Service ▁of ▁ ▁above ▁sea ▁level . |
▁The ▁torn ado ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁highest ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁cause ▁any ▁damage ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁above ▁tree ▁line . ▁ ▁Flora ▁The ▁s lop es ▁of ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁include ▁several ▁distinct ▁environments . ▁ ▁Below ▁E cho ▁Lake , ▁the ▁mont ane ▁forest ▁is ▁domin ated ▁by ▁l odge pole ▁p ine ▁( P inus ▁cont ort a ) ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁areas , ▁blue ▁spr uce ▁( P ice a ▁p ung ens ), ▁with ▁patch es ▁of ▁qu aking ▁as pen . ▁ ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁is ▁high ▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁sub al pine ▁forest , ▁where ▁Engel mann ▁spr uce ▁( P ice a ▁eng el mann ii ), ▁sub al pine ▁fir ▁( Ab ies ▁las i oc ar pa ) ▁and ▁br ist le con e ▁p ine ▁( P inus ▁arist ata ) ▁domin ate . ▁ ▁At ▁tree ▁line , ▁the ▁trees ▁are ▁reduced ▁to ▁k rum m hol z , ▁batter ed ▁and ▁tw isted ▁by ▁wind ▁and ▁fro st . ▁ ▁The ▁br ist le con e ▁p ine ▁gro ve ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁slope ▁of ▁Mount ▁G oli ath ▁() ▁contains ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁tree ▁that ▁spr out ed ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 4 0 3 ▁AD . ▁ ▁For ▁many ▁years , ▁these ▁were ▁the ▁oldest ▁known ▁trees ▁in ▁Colorado , ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁trees ▁d ating ▁to ▁ 4 4 2 ▁BC ▁were ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁Front |
▁Range ▁and ▁South ▁Park . ▁ ▁The ▁Mount ▁G oli ath ▁Natural ▁Area , ▁joint ly ▁managed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Forest ▁Service ▁and ▁the ▁Den ver ▁Botan ic ▁Gard ens ▁protect s ▁this ▁gro ve ▁of ▁old ▁trees . ▁ ▁A bove ▁tree ▁line , ▁the ▁landscape ▁is ▁mostly ▁al pine ▁t und ra . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁lower ▁t und ra , ▁d war f ▁will ow ▁( Sal ix ▁her b ace a ) ▁is ▁common , ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁flow ering ▁plants ▁such ▁as ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Columb ine ▁( A qu ile gia ▁sa xim ont ana ) ▁and ▁various ▁species ▁of ▁d war f ▁al pine ▁sun flow ers . ▁ ▁Tow ard ▁the ▁sum mit , ▁the ▁veget ation ▁shr inks ▁until ▁the ▁largest ▁plants ▁are ▁little ▁more ▁than ▁compact ▁green ▁c ush ions ▁in ▁the ▁cra cks ▁between ▁the ▁rocks . ▁ ▁Here , ▁Al pine ▁For get - me - not ▁( My os ot is ▁al p est ris ) ▁plants ▁with ▁hundreds ▁of ▁bl oss oms ▁occup y ▁areas ▁of ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁square ▁cent im eters ▁and ▁rise ▁only ▁cent im eters ▁above ▁the ▁soil ▁surface . ▁ ▁The ▁t und ra ▁around ▁Sum mit ▁Lake , ▁particularly ▁in ▁Sum mit ▁Lake ▁Fl ats , ▁the ▁g ently ▁s lop ing ▁area ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁lake , ▁is ▁frequently ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁southern most ▁area ▁of ▁ar ctic ▁t und ra ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁because ▁it ▁is ▁water |
▁s atur ated ▁and ▁under lain ▁by ▁an ▁extensive ▁area ▁of ▁per ma f rost . ▁ ▁Fa una ▁ ▁The ▁top ▁pred ators ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁are ▁mountain ▁l ions ▁( P uma ▁con color ), ▁anywhere ▁on ▁the ▁mountain , ▁and ▁black ▁be ars ▁( U rs us ▁amer ican us ), ▁generally ▁below ▁tree ▁line . ▁ ▁These ▁pre y ▁on ▁b igh orn ▁sheep ▁( O vis ▁canad ensis ) ▁and ▁mountain ▁go ats ▁( O ream nos ▁amer ican us ), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁highest ▁dens ities ▁of ▁yellow - bel lied ▁mar mot ▁( M arm ota ▁flav ivent ris ) ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁A bove ▁tree - line , ▁p ik as ▁( O ch ot ona ▁prince ps ) ▁are ▁common . ▁ ▁Below ▁tree ▁line , ▁el k ▁( C erv us ▁canad ensis ) ▁and ▁m ule ▁de er ▁( O doc o ile us ▁hem ion us ) ▁are ▁common . ▁ ▁Among ▁birds , ▁the ▁white - ta iled ▁pt arm igan ▁( L ag opus ▁le uc urus ) ▁are ▁present ▁on ▁the ▁mountain , ▁but ▁so ▁well ▁cam ou fl aged ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁difficult ▁to ▁see ▁even ▁when ▁almost ▁under foot . ▁ ▁Brown - c apped ▁ros y ▁fin ches ▁( Le uc ost ic te ▁austral is ), ▁pip its ▁and ▁rock ▁wr ens ▁( Sal p inct es ▁ob so let us ) ▁are ▁also ▁seen ▁near ▁the ▁sum |
mit . ▁ ▁Ge ology ▁ ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁was ▁car ved ▁from ▁the ▁rock ▁of ▁the ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁B athol ith , ▁formed ▁by ▁an ▁intr usion ▁of ▁mag ma ▁into ▁the ▁earth ' s ▁cr ust ▁about ▁ 1 . 4 ▁billion ▁years ▁ago ▁( in ▁the ▁Mes opro ter oz o ic ▁Era ▁of ▁the ▁P rec amb rian ▁E on ). ▁ ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁rock ▁is ▁gran od ior ite , ▁a ▁close ▁relative ▁of ▁gran ite , ▁modified ▁by ▁later ▁intr us ions ▁of ▁quart z ▁and ▁p eg mat ite . ▁ ▁The ▁body ▁of ▁this ▁b athol ith ▁has ▁been ▁deeply ▁cut ▁by ▁gla cial ▁cir ques ▁and ▁can y ons . ▁ ▁Each ▁of ▁the ▁nearby ▁la kes , ▁Sum mit ▁Lake , ▁the ▁Chicago ▁L akes , ▁Lincoln ▁Lake ▁and ▁A by ss ▁Lake ▁are ▁tar ns ▁located ▁in ▁cir ques ▁or ▁gla cial ▁can y ons ▁surrounding ▁Mount ▁Evans . ▁ ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁was ▁dam med ▁by ▁a ▁later al ▁m ora ine ▁of ▁the ▁gla cier ▁that ▁formed ▁Chicago ▁C any on . ▁Prior ▁to ▁gla ci ation , ▁Mount ▁Evans , ▁Long ' s ▁Pe ak ▁and ▁several ▁other ▁summ its ▁were ▁mon ad no cks ▁in ▁an ▁u pl and ▁Pen ep lain . ▁ ▁Gla ci ation ▁has ▁not ▁entirely ▁destroyed ▁the ▁ancient ▁Fl att op ▁Pen ep lain , ▁named ▁for ▁Fl att op ▁Mountain ▁in ▁Grand ▁County . ▁ ▁The ▁pe aks ▁of ▁these ▁mountains ▁are |
▁all ▁rem nant ▁features ▁of ▁this ▁pen ep lain . ▁ ▁Scient ific ▁research ▁▁ ▁The ▁easy ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁sum mit ▁provided ▁by ▁the ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁Highway ▁has ▁made ▁it ▁a ▁popular ▁location ▁for ▁scientific ▁research . ▁ ▁Arthur ▁H . ▁Com pton ▁conducted ▁pione ering ▁research ▁on ▁cos mic ▁ray s ▁on ▁the ▁mountain ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁road ▁to ▁the ▁sum mit ▁was ▁completed . ▁ ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Den ver ▁built ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁A - frame ▁buildings ▁on ▁the ▁sum mit ▁to ▁house ▁cos mic - ray ▁research ers . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁Mount ▁Evans , ▁the ▁A igu ille ▁du ▁M idi , ▁the ▁Pic ▁du ▁M idi ▁and ▁the ▁Jung fra u ▁were ▁considered ▁the ▁premier ▁locations ▁for ▁high - alt itude ▁physics ▁experiments . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁accurate ▁measurement ▁of ▁the ▁lifetime ▁of ▁the ▁mu on ▁( origin ally ▁called ▁the ▁mes ot ron ) ▁by ▁Bruno ▁Ros si ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁used ▁sites ▁at ▁Mount ▁Evans , ▁E cho ▁Lake , ▁Den ver ▁and ▁Chicago . ▁ ▁This ▁experiment ▁verified ▁the ▁reality ▁of ▁time ▁d ilation , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁key ▁predictions ▁of ▁Ein stein ' s ▁theory ▁of ▁relativ ity . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁M IT , ▁Corn ell , ▁Pr inc eton , ▁NY U ▁and ▁the ▁univers ities ▁of ▁Michigan ▁and ▁Chicago ▁and ▁Den ver ▁conducted |
▁an ▁int ensive ▁experimental ▁program ▁on ▁the ▁mountain ▁and ▁at ▁E cho ▁Lake . ▁ ▁Bruno ▁Ros si ▁and ▁Giuseppe ▁C oc con i ▁were ▁among ▁those ▁involved . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁the ▁Mid western ▁Univers ities ▁Research ▁Association ▁began ▁doing ▁high - energy ▁physics ▁experiments ▁on ▁the ▁sum mit ▁using ▁cos mic ▁ray s ▁to ▁explore ▁energ ies ▁above ▁those ▁accessible ▁with ▁the ▁most ▁powerful ▁particle ▁acceler ators ▁of ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁experiments ▁were ▁conducted ▁in ▁a ▁semi - tra iler , ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁a ▁temporary ▁labor atory ▁building ▁was ▁ere cted ▁near ▁the ▁sum mit . ▁ ▁This ▁building ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁E cho ▁Lake ▁that ▁fall , ▁where ▁research ▁continued ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Den ver ▁ere cted ▁the ▁ 0 . 6 m ▁( 2 4 inch ) ▁R itch ey – Chr ét ien ▁teles cope ▁in ▁its ▁sum mit ▁labor atory ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁observe ▁com ets ▁Koh oute k ▁and ▁Hal ley ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁University ▁finished ▁construction ▁on ▁the ▁Meyer – W om ble ▁Observ atory , ▁near ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁A - frame ▁labor atory ▁buildings . ▁ ▁At ▁ 1 4 , 1 4 8 ▁feet ▁( 4 , 3 1 |
2 ▁m ) ▁this ▁was , ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁the ▁world ' s ▁highest ▁optical ▁observ atory . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁third - high est . ▁ ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁significant ▁research ▁in ▁the ▁life ▁sciences . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁for ▁example , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁significant ▁study ▁of ▁high - alt itude ▁phys i ology . ▁ ▁P ione ering ▁studies ▁on ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁alt itude ▁training ▁on ▁track ▁athlet es ▁were ▁conducted ▁on ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁ ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁Road ▁is ▁also ▁not ew orth y ▁as ▁a ▁high - alt itude ▁vehicle ▁testing ▁ven ue ▁for ▁auto ▁manufact ur ers . ▁With ▁full ▁visibility ▁on ▁a ▁public ▁road , ▁most ▁manufact ur ers ' ▁road ▁test ▁teams ▁tend ▁to ▁conce al ▁their ▁designs ▁ ▁with ▁various ▁cre ative ▁styles ▁of ▁cam ou fl age , ▁e . g . ▁wild ▁z eb ra ▁paint ▁mot if , ▁possibly ▁pa ired ▁with ▁other ▁temporary ▁body ▁cover ings . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁mountain ▁pe aks ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁List ▁of ▁mountain ▁pe aks ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁List ▁of ▁mountain ▁pe aks ▁of ▁Colorado ▁List ▁of ▁Colorado ▁four teen ers ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁Sc en ic ▁By way ▁— ▁Colorado ▁State ▁Highway ▁ 5 ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁Hill ▁Cl imb ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁on |
▁ 1 4 ers . com ▁www . m oun te v ans . com ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁on ▁Dist ant pe ak . com ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁on ▁Sum mit post ▁Tim ' s ▁Guide ▁to ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁US ▁Forest ▁Service , ▁Mount ▁Evans ▁By way ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Colorado ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Clear ▁Creek ▁County , ▁Colorado ▁Category : A rap aho ▁National ▁Forest ▁Category : P ike ▁National ▁Forest ▁Category : F our teen ers ▁of ▁Colorado ▁Category : N orth ▁American ▁ 4 0 0 0 ▁m ▁summ its <0x0A> </s> ▁Har ri ett ▁Sarah ▁Gilbert ▁( born ▁ 2 5 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁writer , ▁academic ▁and ▁broad c aster , ▁particularly ▁of ▁arts ▁and ▁book ▁program mes ▁on ▁the ▁BBC ▁World ▁Service . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁writer ▁Michael ▁Gilbert . ▁Besides ▁World ▁Book ▁Club ▁on ▁the ▁World ▁Service , ▁she ▁also ▁presents ▁A ▁Good ▁Read ▁on ▁BBC ▁Radio ▁ 4 . ▁ ▁Before ▁the ▁programme ▁was ▁cancel led , ▁she ▁also ▁presented ▁the ▁BBC ▁World ▁Service ▁programme ▁The ▁Str and . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Born ▁in ▁Horn sey , ▁London , ▁Gilbert ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁French ▁Ly c ée ▁in ▁London ▁and ▁at ▁a ▁succession ▁of ▁board ing ▁schools . ▁" G row ing ▁P ains " ▁was ▁her ▁contribution ▁to ▁Tr uth , ▁D are ▁or ▁Promise ▁( 1 9 8 5 ), ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁aut obi ographical ▁writing . ▁After ▁gradu |
ating ▁from ▁drama ▁school , ▁her ▁first ▁acting ▁role ▁was ▁as ▁Mother ▁Ele ph ant ▁in ▁a ▁production ▁of ▁Rud yard ▁Ki pling ' s ▁Just ▁So ▁St ories ▁for ▁primary ▁schools . ▁The ▁other ▁peak ▁of ▁her ▁success ▁was ▁playing ▁a ▁secretary ▁murder ed ▁on ▁page ▁five ▁of ▁a ▁BBC ▁radio ▁drama . ▁She ▁also ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁n anny , ▁a ▁wait ress , ▁an ▁artist ' s ▁model ▁and ▁a ▁cl erk - typ ist . ▁She ▁began ▁to ▁write ▁in ▁her ▁tw ent ies . ▁ ▁She ▁nominated ▁A ▁High ▁Wind ▁in ▁J ama ica ▁by ▁Richard ▁Hugh es , ▁first ▁read ▁to ▁her ▁by ▁her ▁father ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁eight , ▁as ▁a ▁life - ch anging ▁book . ▁The ▁one ▁piece ▁of ▁advice ▁her ▁father , ▁the ▁writer ▁Michael ▁Gilbert , ▁gave ▁her ▁about ▁writing ▁was : ▁" For ▁God ' s ▁sake , ▁don ' t ▁use ▁ad ver bs ." ▁Her ▁brother ▁is ▁the ▁journalist ▁Ger ard ▁Gilbert ▁of ▁The ▁Independent . ▁ ▁Career ▁From ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁she ▁was ▁literary ▁editor ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁States man ▁and , ▁before ▁that , ▁of ▁City ▁Lim its ▁( 1 9 8 1 – 8 3 ). ▁She ▁has ▁also ▁contributed ▁to ▁Time ▁Out , ▁The ▁Guardian , ▁and ▁The ▁Washington ▁Post . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁judge ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Independent ▁Foreign ▁F iction ▁Prize . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁she ▁lect |
ured ▁in ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Journal ism ▁at ▁the ▁City ▁University , ▁London , ▁where ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁she ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁programme ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁MA ▁Creative ▁writing ▁( nov els ) ▁course . ▁ ▁Gilbert ▁presents ▁one ▁programme ▁on ▁BBC ▁World ▁Service ▁radio : ▁World ▁Book ▁Club , ▁broadcast ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁Saturday ▁in ▁each ▁month . ▁Gu ests ▁on ▁the ▁latter ▁have ▁included ▁the ▁Nobel ▁la ure ates ▁Dor is ▁Less ing , ▁T oni ▁Mor r ison , ▁V . ▁S . ▁Na ip a ul , ▁Or han ▁Pam uk , ▁W ole ▁So y ink a ▁and ▁D erek ▁Wal c ott . ▁ ▁About ▁present ing ▁for ▁the ▁World ▁Service , ▁Gilbert ▁has ▁said : ▁" I ▁think ▁I ' m ▁doing ▁the ▁dream ▁job , ▁I ▁just ▁love ▁it , ▁and ▁I ▁can ' t ▁think ▁of ▁anywhere ▁else ▁I ' d ▁like ▁to ▁be ." ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁she ▁was ▁chosen ▁to ▁replace ▁Sue ▁Mac G reg or ▁as ▁present er ▁of ▁the ▁Radio ▁ 4 ▁book ▁programme ▁A ▁Good ▁Read . ▁ ▁Gilbert ▁has ▁introduced ▁the ▁World ▁Service ▁arts ▁document ary ▁series ▁Close ▁Up . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁she ▁stood ▁in ▁as ▁present er ▁of ▁the ▁arts ▁programme ▁The ▁T icket . ▁She ▁previously ▁presented ▁the ▁World ▁Service ' s ▁dedicated ▁book ▁programme ▁The ▁Word . ▁Besides ▁this ▁she ▁has ▁presented ▁arts ▁program mes ▁for ▁BBC ▁Radio ▁ 4 , ▁BBC ▁Radio ▁ |
3 ▁and ▁BBC ▁Four ▁television . ▁ ▁W riter ▁and ▁broad c aster ▁Michael ▁Rosen ▁called ▁her ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁very ▁best ▁present ers ▁of ▁arts ▁program mes ▁on ▁radio ▁or ▁TV ". ▁The ▁Fin an cial ▁Times ▁said ▁of ▁her , ▁" the ▁splendid ▁Har ri ett ▁Gilbert ▁[...] ▁pain fully ▁shows ▁up ▁certain ▁would - be ▁ar ty ▁Radio ▁ 4 ▁colle agues ". ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁six ▁nov els , ▁including ▁Hot els ▁With ▁Em pty ▁Ro oms ▁and ▁The ▁R iding ▁M ist ress . ▁Her ▁non - f iction ▁books ▁include ▁A ▁Women ' s ▁History ▁of ▁Sex ▁and ▁The ▁Sex ual ▁Im ag ination ▁from ▁A cker ▁to ▁Z ola . ▁She ▁script ed ▁the ▁short ▁animated ▁film ▁The ▁St ain ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁view able ▁at ▁the ▁Internet ▁Archive . ▁ ▁Although ▁she ▁has ▁not ▁published ▁a ▁novel ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁she ▁hopes ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁writing , ▁possibly ▁using ▁her ▁time ▁at ▁City ▁University ▁as ▁insp iration . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Bath ▁Liter ature ▁Festival , ▁she ▁and ▁the ▁novel ist ▁Mich èle ▁Roberts ▁discussed ▁" Gu ilty ▁Ple asures " ▁( D or othy ▁L . ▁Say ers ▁and ▁Ge or get te ▁He yer ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁end uring ▁appeal ▁of ▁cross - d ress ing , ▁du elling , ▁and ▁driving ▁Da im lers . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁judge ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 |
1 1 ▁Independent ▁Foreign ▁F iction ▁Prize . ▁ ▁References ▁Elizabeth ▁S le eman ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁International ▁Who ' s ▁Who ▁of ▁Auth ors ▁and ▁Writ ers ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Rout ledge , ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁I ▁Know ▁Where ▁I ' ve ▁Be en ▁– ▁Har per ▁and ▁Row ▁( USA ) ▁( 1 9 7 2 ). ▁ ▁Hot els ▁With ▁Em pty ▁Ro oms ▁– ▁Har per coll ins ▁( 1 9 7 3 ). ▁ ▁An ▁Off ence ▁Again st ▁the ▁Pers ons ▁– ▁H od der ▁& ▁St ought on ▁( 1 9 7 4 ). ▁ ▁Given ▁the ▁Am mun ition ▁– ▁Har per ▁and ▁Row ▁( 1 9 7 6 ). ▁ ▁( pub lished ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁as ▁T ide ▁Race ▁– ▁Const able ▁( 1 9 7 7 ). ▁) ▁Running ▁A way ▁- ▁Har per ▁and ▁Row ▁( USA ) ▁( 1 9 7 9 ). ▁ ▁– ▁a ▁novel ▁for ▁young ▁adult s ▁The ▁R iding ▁M ist ress ▁– ▁Const able ▁( 1 9 8 3 ). ▁ ▁" G row ing ▁P ains " ▁in ▁L iz ▁Her on ▁( ed .), ▁Tr uth , ▁D are ▁or ▁Promise : ▁Girls ▁G row ing ▁Up ▁in ▁the ▁F ift ies ▁– ▁Vi rag o ▁( 1 9 8 5 ). ▁ ▁– ▁aut obi ographical ▁ess ay ▁A ▁Women ' s ▁History ▁of ▁Sex ▁ ▁– ▁P and ora ▁( 1 9 8 7 |
) ▁( ill ustr ated ▁by ▁Christ ine ▁Ro che ). ▁ ▁The ▁Sex ual ▁Im ag ination : ▁From ▁A cker ▁to ▁Z ola ▁– ▁A ▁Fem in ist ▁Comp an ion ▁ ▁– ▁Jonathan ▁Cape ▁( 1 9 9 3 ). ▁ ▁( pub lished ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁as ▁F et ishes , ▁Flor ent ine ▁G ird les , ▁and ▁Other ▁Ex pl or ations ▁into ▁the ▁Sex ual ▁Im ag ination ▁ ▁– ▁Har per coll ins ▁( 1 9 9 4 ). ▁) ▁Writing ▁for ▁Journal ists ▁– ▁Rout ledge ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁( with ▁W yn ford ▁H icks ▁and ▁S ally ▁Adams ). ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁World ▁Book ▁Club ▁home page ▁ ▁Biography ▁on ▁the ▁BBC ▁website ▁BBC ▁World ▁Service ▁– ▁Me et ▁the ▁Pres enter ▁– ▁Video ▁profile ▁Inter view ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B BC ▁people ▁Category : B BC ▁World ▁Service ▁Category : English ▁women ▁journal ists ▁Category : English ▁writers ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Rose ▁Bru ford ▁College ▁Category : English ▁women ▁novel ists ▁Category : English ▁women ▁non - f iction ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁S ikh ism ▁in ▁Austria ▁is ▁a ▁very ▁small ▁religious ▁minor ity . ▁There ▁are ▁about ▁ 2 , 7 9 4 ▁S ik hs ▁in ▁Austria . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁there ▁were ▁three ▁g urd war as ▁in ▁Austria |
. ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁R avid ass ia - sect ▁ ▁leader ▁Ram an and ▁D ass ▁was ▁murder ed ▁by ▁religious ▁oppon ents ▁in ▁Vienna . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Austria <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁( H eb rew ▁ ▁; ▁Greek ▁ ▁di at he ke ▁k aine ) ▁is ▁a ▁bib lic al ▁interpretation ▁originally ▁derived ▁from ▁a ▁phrase ▁in ▁the ▁Book ▁of ▁Jer em iah ▁( J erem iah ▁ 3 1 : 3 1 - 3 4 ), ▁in ▁the ▁Heb rew ▁Bible ▁( or ▁Old ▁Testament ▁in ▁Christian ▁Bible ). ▁It ▁is ▁often ▁thought ▁of ▁as ▁an ▁es chat ological ▁( ult imate ▁dest iny ▁of ▁human ity ) ▁Mess ian ic ▁Age ▁or ▁world ▁to ▁come ▁and ▁is ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁bib lic al ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁God . ▁ ▁Gener ally , ▁Christians ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁promised ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁was ▁instit uted ▁at ▁the ▁Last ▁Su pper ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁E uchar ist , ▁which ▁in ▁the ▁G ospel ▁of ▁John ▁includes ▁the ▁New ▁Command ment . ▁Based ▁on ▁the ▁Bible ▁teaching ▁that , ▁" For ▁where ▁a ▁test ament ▁is , ▁there ▁must ▁also ▁of ▁necessity ▁be ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁the ▁test ator . ▁For ▁a ▁test ament ▁is ▁of ▁force ▁after ▁men ▁are ▁dead : ▁otherwise ▁it ▁is ▁of ▁no ▁strength ▁at ▁all ▁while ▁the ▁test ator ▁liv eth ", ▁Protest ants ▁tend ▁to ▁believe |
▁that ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁only ▁came ▁into ▁force ▁with ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Jesus ▁Christ . ▁The ▁comment ary ▁to ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁New ▁American ▁Bible ▁also ▁aff ir ms ▁that ▁Christ ▁is ▁the ▁" test ator ▁whose ▁death ▁puts ▁his ▁will ▁into ▁effect ". ▁Christians ▁thus ▁believe ▁that ▁Jesus ▁is ▁the ▁medi ator ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁Blood ▁of ▁Christ ▁shed ▁at ▁his ▁cru c if ix ion ▁is ▁the ▁required ▁blood ▁of ▁the ▁c oven ant . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁several ▁Christian ▁es chat ologies ▁that ▁further ▁define ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant . ▁For ▁example , ▁an ▁inaugur ated ▁es chat ology ▁defines ▁and ▁describes ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁as ▁an ▁on going ▁relationship ▁between ▁Christian ▁bel ie vers ▁and ▁God ▁that ▁will ▁be ▁in ▁full ▁f ru ition ▁after ▁the ▁Second ▁Com ing ▁of ▁Christ ; ▁that ▁is , ▁it ▁will ▁not ▁only ▁be ▁in ▁full ▁f ru ition ▁in ▁bel ieving ▁hearts , ▁but ▁in ▁the ▁future ▁external ▁world ▁as ▁well . ▁The ▁connection ▁between ▁the ▁Blood ▁of ▁Christ ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁is ▁seen ▁in ▁most ▁modern ▁English ▁transl ations ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ▁such ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁statement : ▁" this ▁cup ▁that ▁is ▁pou red ▁out ▁for ▁you ▁is ▁the ▁new ▁c oven ant ▁in ▁my ▁blood ". ▁ ▁Christian ity ▁ ▁The ▁key ▁New ▁Testament ▁chapter ▁for ▁the ▁Christian ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁is ▁Heb rew s ▁chapter ▁ 8 , |
▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁quoted ▁below : ▁ ▁That ▁full ▁quot ation , ▁with ▁partial ▁quot ations ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁text ▁in ▁other ▁New ▁Testament ▁pass ages , ▁reflect s ▁that ▁the ▁authors ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ▁and ▁Christian ▁leaders ▁generally , ▁consider ▁Jer em iah ▁ 3 1 : 3 1 – 3 4 ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁central ▁Old ▁Testament ▁prop he cy ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant . ▁Here ▁is ▁the ▁key ▁text : ▁ ▁Some ▁Christians ▁claim ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁many ▁other ▁pass ages ▁that ▁speak ▁about ▁the ▁same ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁without ▁using ▁this ▁exact ▁word ing . ▁Some ▁pass ages ▁speak ▁of ▁a ▁" c oven ant ▁of ▁peace ", ▁others ▁use ▁other ▁constru ctions ; ▁some ▁simply ▁say ▁" c oven ant ", ▁but ▁the ▁context ▁may ▁imply ▁that ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁is ▁at ▁issue ; ▁and ▁some ▁claim ▁met ap hor ical ▁descri ptions , ▁for ▁example ▁that ▁" Mount ▁Z ion " ▁is ▁really ▁a ▁met ap hor ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant . ▁ ▁New ▁Testament ▁texts ▁The ▁occurrence ▁of ▁the ▁phrase ▁" new ▁c oven ant " ▁var ies ▁in ▁English ▁transl ations ▁of ▁the ▁Greek ▁New ▁Testament . ▁The ▁King ▁James ▁Version ▁sometimes ▁uses ▁" test ament ," ▁for ▁" c oven ant ," ▁ ▁with ▁the ▁words ▁" new ▁c oven ant " ▁together ▁only ▁occurr ing ▁in ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁while ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁International ▁Version ▁" new ▁c oven ant " ▁occurs |
▁at ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁as ▁a ▁translation ▁of ▁some ▁form ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁or ▁. ▁ ▁Luke ▁ 2 2 : 1 7 – 2 0 ▁( part ▁of ▁the ▁Last ▁Su pper ) ▁is ▁disput ed . ▁Six ▁forms ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁have ▁been ▁identified ; ▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁Western ▁text - type ▁such ▁as ▁Code x ▁Be za e ▁o mit ▁vers es ▁ 1 9 b – 2 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁Daniel ▁ 9 : 2 7 ▁comment ary ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 9 9 ▁Gene va ▁Bible ▁connect s ▁the ▁verse ▁with ▁the ▁NK J V ▁translation ▁of ▁Matthew ▁ 2 6 : 2 8 . ▁In ▁this ▁interpretation , ▁the ▁Angel ▁Gabriel ▁reve als ▁the ▁coming ▁New ▁Blood ▁C oven ant ▁of ▁the ▁Mess iah , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁ful fill ment ▁of ▁the ▁Abraham ic ▁Promise ▁that ▁through ▁Abraham ' s ▁seed ▁all ▁the ▁nations ▁would ▁be ▁bl essed . ▁Gal ati ans ▁ 3 : 1 6 , ▁ 2 6 - 2 9 ▁ ▁Christian ▁view ▁The ▁Christian ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁is ▁a ▁new ▁relationship ▁between ▁God ▁and ▁humans ▁medi ated ▁by ▁Jesus ▁which ▁necessarily ▁includes ▁all ▁people , ▁both ▁Jews ▁and ▁Gent iles , ▁upon ▁s inc ere ▁declaration ▁that ▁one ▁bel ieves ▁in ▁Jesus ▁Christ ▁as ▁Lord ▁and ▁God . ▁The ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁also ▁breaks ▁the ▁gener ational ▁cur se ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁sin ▁on ▁all ▁children ▁of |
▁Adam ▁if ▁they ▁believe ▁in ▁Jesus ▁Christ , ▁after ▁people ▁are ▁jud ged ▁for ▁their ▁own ▁s ins , ▁which ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁happen ▁with ▁the ▁second ▁arrival ▁of ▁Jesus ▁Christ . ▁ ▁Thus ▁as ▁the ▁Apost le ▁Paul ▁advis es ▁that ▁the ▁M osa ic ▁C oven ant ▁of ▁S ina i ▁does ▁not ▁in ▁itself ▁prevent ▁Jews ▁from ▁sin ning ▁and ▁dying , ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁given ▁to ▁Gent iles ▁at ▁all ▁( only ▁the ▁No ah ic ▁c oven ant ▁is ▁unique ▁in ▁applying ▁to ▁all ▁human ity ), ▁Christians ▁believe ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁ends ▁the ▁original ▁sin ▁and ▁death ▁for ▁everyone ▁who ▁becomes ▁a ▁Christian ▁and ▁cannot ▁simply ▁be ▁a ▁renew al ▁of ▁the ▁M osa ic ▁C oven ant ▁since ▁it ▁seem ingly ▁accomplish es ▁new ▁things . ▁See ▁types ▁of ▁Sup ers ession ism ▁for ▁details . ▁ ▁Also ▁based ▁much ▁on ▁what ▁Paul ▁wrote , ▁a ▁disp ens ational ist ▁Christian ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁Israel ▁is ▁that ▁God ' s ▁promises ▁to ▁Israel ▁are ▁distinct ▁from ▁the ▁Church . ▁ ▁The ▁Church , ▁in ▁this ▁present ▁age , ▁is ▁in ▁no ▁way ▁a ▁" sp irit ual ▁Israel ." ▁ ▁Some ▁Christians , ▁however , ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁Church ▁has ▁inherited ▁and ▁absor bed ▁God ' s ▁promises ▁to ▁Israel , ▁and ▁that ▁Israel ▁is ▁primarily ▁a ▁spiritual ▁nation ▁composed ▁of ▁Jews ▁who ▁claim ▁Jesus ▁as ▁their ▁Mess iah , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Gent ile ▁bel ie vers ▁who ▁through ▁the ▁New |
▁C oven ant ▁have ▁been ▁gra ft ed ▁into ▁the ▁promises ▁made ▁to ▁Israel ites . ▁This ▁spiritual ▁Israel ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁faith ▁of ▁the ▁patri arch ▁Abraham ▁( before ▁he ▁was ▁circum c ised ) ▁who ▁was ▁minister ed ▁by ▁the ▁Mel ch ized ek ▁priest hood , ▁which ▁is ▁understood ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁type ▁for ▁the ▁Christian ▁faith ▁of ▁bel ieving ▁Jesus ▁to ▁be ▁Christ ▁and ▁Lord ▁in ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁Mel ch ized ek . ▁The ▁Apost le ▁Paul ▁says ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁" the ▁children ▁of ▁the ▁flesh " ▁ ▁who ▁are ▁the ▁children ▁of ▁God , ▁but ▁" the ▁children ▁of ▁the ▁promise ". ▁ ▁While ▁Christ ▁came ▁as ▁a ▁priest ▁in ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁Mel ch ized ech , ▁which ▁is ▁to ▁say ▁without ▁preced ence , ▁and ▁ful filled ▁God ' s ▁promise ▁of ▁a ▁Mess iah ▁to ▁the ▁entire ▁world ▁wh oso ever ▁bel ieves , ▁Dis p ens ational ists ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁body ▁of ▁God ' s ▁promises ▁concerning ▁the ▁future ▁of ▁Israel ▁were ▁to ▁Israel ▁alone , ▁and ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁interpreted ▁as ▁being ▁super im posed ▁on ▁the ▁Church ▁in ▁the ▁present ▁age . ▁ ▁God ' s ▁remaining ▁promises ▁to ▁Israel ▁will ▁come ▁to ▁f ru ition ▁in ▁the ▁Mill en ni um , ▁the ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁year ▁reign ▁of ▁Christ ▁on ▁Earth . ▁ ▁M emb ership ▁Among ▁Christians , ▁there ▁are ▁significant ▁differences ▁on ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁membership ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁C |
oven ant . ▁ ▁These ▁differences ▁can ▁be ▁so ▁serious ▁that ▁they ▁form ▁a ▁principal ▁reason ▁for ▁division ▁i . e ., ▁denomin ational ism . ▁ ▁Christian ▁denomin ations ▁exist ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁answer ▁to ▁this ▁question . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁major ▁split ▁is ▁between ▁those ▁who ▁believe ▁that ▁only ▁bel ie vers ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant , ▁and ▁( reflect ing ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁c oven ants ▁as ▁national ▁or ▁community ▁c oven ants ) ▁those ▁who ▁believe ▁that ▁bel ie vers ▁and ▁their ▁children ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant . ▁ ▁These ▁differences ▁give ▁rise ▁to ▁different ▁views ▁on ▁whether ▁children ▁may ▁be ▁bapt ised : ▁the ▁cred ob apt ist ▁view ▁and ▁the ▁pa ed ob apt ist ▁view . ▁Second arily , ▁there ▁are ▁differences ▁among ▁pa ed ob apt ists ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁membership ▁of ▁children ▁in ▁the ▁c oven ant . ▁ ▁Know ledge ▁of ▁God ▁Another ▁difference ▁is ▁between ▁those ▁who ▁believe ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁has ▁already ▁substantial ly ▁arrived ▁( Pre ter ists ), ▁and ▁that ▁this ▁knowledge ▁of ▁God ▁that ▁the ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁has ▁is ▁primarily ▁salv ific ▁knowledge ; ▁and ▁those ▁that ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁has ▁not ▁yet ▁substantial ly ▁arrived , ▁but ▁will ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁Com ing , ▁and ▁that ▁this ▁knowledge ▁is ▁more ▁complete ▁knowledge , ▁meaning ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁no |
▁longer ▁has ▁to ▁be ▁taught ▁anything ▁at ▁all ▁regarding ▁the ▁Christian ▁life ▁( not ▁just ▁that ▁they ▁lack ▁need ▁for ▁ex h ort ation ▁regarding ▁salv ific ▁recon c ili ation ▁with ▁God ). ▁ ▁This ▁division ▁does ▁not ▁just ▁break ▁down ▁along ▁Jewish ▁v . ▁Christian ▁lines ▁( as ▁the ▁previous ▁difference ▁did ). ▁ ▁In ▁general , ▁those ▁that ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁ ▁lean ▁toward ▁the ▁" al ready ▁view ", ▁or ▁salv ific ▁knowledge ▁view , ▁are ▁those ▁Christians ▁that ▁do ▁not ▁believe ▁in ▁the ▁ind iv is ible ▁Church ▁( the ▁ind iv is ible ▁Church ▁is ▁a ▁belief ▁of ▁C athol ics ▁and ▁Orth odox ) ▁and ▁Christians ▁that ▁practice ▁bel ie ver ' s ▁bapt ism , ▁because ▁both ▁believe ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁is ▁more ▁present ▁reality ▁than ▁future ▁reality . ▁ ▁Also ▁in ▁general , ▁those ▁that ▁lean ▁toward ▁the ▁" not ▁yet ▁view ", ▁or ▁complete ▁knowledge ▁view , ▁practice ▁infant ▁bapt ism ▁for ▁c oven antal ▁reasons , ▁and ▁disp ens ational istic ▁Christians ▁( even ▁though ▁they ▁tend ▁to ▁practice ▁bel ie ver ' s ▁bapt ism ), ▁because ▁they ▁believe ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁is ▁more ▁future ▁reality ▁than ▁present ▁reality . ▁ ▁Christian ▁su pers ession ism ▁ ▁Sup ers ession ism ▁is ▁the ▁view ▁that ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁rep laces , ▁ful fill s ▁or ▁comple tes ▁God ' s ▁prior ▁c oven ants ▁with ▁the ▁Israel ites . ▁The ▁most ▁common ▁alternatives ▁to |
▁Sup ers ession ism ▁are ▁ab rog ation ▁of ▁old ▁c oven ant ▁laws ▁and ▁dual ▁c oven ant ▁the ology . ▁ ▁Writ ers ▁who ▁reject ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁su pers ession ism ▁include ▁Michael ▁J . ▁V lach , < ref > Has ▁the ▁Church ▁Rep la ced ▁Israel ?: ▁A ▁The ological ▁E valu ation ▁( B & H ▁Publishing ▁Group ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁), ▁p . ▁ 1 6 4 </ ref > ▁Walter ▁Bru eg gem ann , ▁Roland ▁Edmund ▁Mur phy , ▁Jacques ▁B . ▁Dou k han . ▁ ▁J uda ism ▁ ▁The ▁only ▁reference ▁in ▁the ▁Heb rew ▁Bible ▁that ▁uses ▁the ▁word ing ▁" new ▁c oven ant " ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁: ▁ ▁This ▁proph et ' s ▁word ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁Mess ian ic ▁Age ▁to ▁come ▁( or ▁World ▁to ▁come ), ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁et ernal ▁M osa ic ▁c oven ant ▁with ▁Israel ▁will ▁be ▁confirmed . ▁Of ▁this ▁M osa ic ▁c oven ant ▁between ▁God ▁and ▁Israel ▁the ▁Sh abb at ▁is ▁declared ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁sign ▁forever ▁( ). ▁The ▁Tan akh ▁describes ▁Sh abb at ▁as ▁having ▁the ▁purpose ▁as ▁a ▁" t aste " ▁of ▁O lam ▁H aba ▁( the ▁world ▁to ▁come , ▁the ▁Here after ) ▁following ▁the ▁Mess ian ic ▁Age ▁( the ▁End ▁of ▁Days ). ▁ ▁The ▁Jewish ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁mere ▁word ing ▁" new ▁c oven ant " ▁is ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁a |
▁renew ed ▁national ▁commit ment ▁to ▁ab ide ▁by ▁God ' s ▁laws . ▁In ▁this ▁view , ▁the ▁word ▁new ▁does ▁not ▁refer ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁commit ment ▁that ▁rep laces ▁a ▁previous ▁one , ▁but ▁rather ▁to ▁an ▁additional ▁and ▁greater ▁level ▁of ▁commit ment . ▁ ▁Because ▁Jews ▁view ▁the ▁M osa ic ▁c oven ant ▁as ▁applying ▁only ▁to ▁Jews ▁and ▁any ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁merely ▁a ▁strength ening ▁of ▁the ▁already ▁existing ▁one , ▁Jews ▁do ▁not ▁see ▁this ▁phrase ▁as ▁relevant ▁in ▁any ▁way ▁to ▁non - J ew s . ▁For ▁non - J ew s , ▁J uda ism ▁advoc ates ▁the ▁pre - S ina it ic ▁Seven ▁La ws ▁of ▁No ah . ▁" Un like ▁Christian ity , ▁J uda ism ▁does ▁not ▁den y ▁salv ation ▁to ▁those ▁outside ▁of ▁its ▁fol d , ▁for , ▁according ▁to ▁Jewish ▁law , ▁all ▁non - J ew s ▁who ▁observe ▁the ▁No ah ide ▁laws ▁will ▁particip ate ▁in ▁salv ation ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁re wards ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁to ▁come ". ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁work ▁The ▁Pro ph ets ▁Abraham ▁Josh ua ▁H esch el ▁points ▁out ▁that ▁prop he cy ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁only ▁instrument ▁of ▁God ▁to ▁change ▁the ▁hearts ▁of ▁Israel , ▁to ▁know ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁God . ▁He ▁tells ▁how ▁the ▁proph et ▁Jer em iah ▁compla ins ▁that ▁Israel ▁is ▁circum c ised ▁in ▁body ▁but ▁" unc irc |
um c ised ▁in ▁heart " ▁( 9 : 2 6 ), ▁that ▁Jer em iah ▁says ▁" w ash ▁your ▁heart ▁from ▁w icked ness " ▁( 4 : 1 4 ). ▁H esch el ▁anal ys es ▁that , ▁while ▁the ▁proph et ▁can ▁only ▁give ▁Israel ▁a ▁new ▁word , ▁it ▁is ▁God ▁himself ▁who ▁will ▁give ▁man ▁a ▁new ▁heart : ▁The ▁" new ▁c oven ant " ▁will ▁accomplish ▁the ▁complete ▁transformation ▁of ▁every ▁individual . ▁ ▁Comp are ▁with : ▁ ▁The ▁Jewish ▁Encyclopedia ' s ▁" New ▁Testament " ▁article ▁states : ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁mentioned ▁several ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁M ish na ▁and ▁Tal m ud , ▁and ▁had ▁been ▁used ▁extens ively ▁in ▁k ab bal istic ▁literature ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁g emat ria ▁value ▁of ▁ 1 3 5 ▁being ▁equal ▁to ▁the ▁word ▁Ha S ina i ▁( ה ס י נ י ) ▁in ▁. ▁Brit '' ▁also ▁has ▁the ▁numeric ▁value ▁of ▁ 6 1 2 , ▁which ▁is ▁suggested ▁by ▁some ▁to ▁mean ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁" first " ▁mit z v ah ▁which ▁is ▁true ▁for ▁the ▁Jewish ▁life ▁cycle . ▁The ▁other ▁use ▁is ▁in ▁relationship ▁to ▁the ▁mer it ▁of ▁Ruth ▁being ▁an ▁ancest or ▁to ▁King ▁David , ▁with ▁the ▁name ▁again ▁having ▁same ▁g emat ria ▁as ▁Brit , ▁linking ▁David ic ▁c oven ant ▁with ▁that ▁of ▁all ▁previous , ▁since ▁Ruth ▁was ▁a ▁Mo ab ite ▁by ▁birth , ▁and ▁related |
▁to ▁No ah ▁also . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Christian ▁Tor ah - sub mission ▁ ▁Christian ▁views ▁on ▁the ▁Old ▁C oven ant ▁ ▁Christian ity ▁and ▁J uda ism ▁ ▁Exp ounding ▁of ▁the ▁Law ▁ ▁Jewish ▁Christian ▁ ▁Mess iah ▁in ▁J uda ism ▁ ▁Law ▁of ▁Christ ▁ ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁the ology ▁ ▁New ▁Testament # E t ym ology ▁ ▁New ▁W ine ▁into ▁Old ▁W ines kins ▁ ▁Paul ine ▁Christian ity ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Catholic ▁Encyclopedia : ▁Ep ist le ▁to ▁the ▁Heb rew s : ▁"... ▁the ▁Ep ist le ▁opens ▁with ▁the ▁solemn ▁announ cement ▁of ▁the ▁superior ity ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ▁Re vel ation ▁by ▁the ▁Son ▁over ▁Old ▁Testament ▁Re vel ation ▁by ▁the ▁proph ets ▁( ). ▁It ▁then ▁proves ▁and ▁explains ▁from ▁the ▁Script ures ▁the ▁superior ity ▁of ▁this ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁over ▁the ▁Old ▁by ▁the ▁comparison ▁of ▁the ▁Son ▁with ▁the ▁ang els ▁as ▁medi ators ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁C oven ant ▁( ), ▁with ▁Mos es ▁and ▁Jos ue ▁as ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁C oven ant ▁( ), ▁and , ▁finally , ▁by ▁oppos ing ▁the ▁high - p ri est hood ▁of ▁Christ ▁after ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁Mel ch is ede ch ▁to ▁the ▁Lev it ical ▁priest hood ▁after ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁A aron ▁( ). " ▁Jewish ▁Encyclopedia : ▁C oven ant : ▁The ▁Old ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁The ▁New ▁C |
oven ant : ▁Does ▁It ▁Ab ol ish ▁God ' s ▁La ws ? ▁New ▁C oven ant ▁Collection ▁Articles ▁by ▁Ray ▁St ed man ▁ ▁Category : 1 st - century ▁Christian ity ▁Category : B ib lic al ▁phr ases ▁Category : Book ▁of ▁Jer em iah ▁Category : Christ ian ▁es chat ology ▁Category : Christ ian ▁termin ology ▁Category : Christ ology ▁Category : C oven ants ▁in ▁the ▁Heb rew ▁Bible ▁Category : Do ctr ines ▁and ▁teach ings ▁of ▁Jesus ▁Category : J uda ism ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ▁Category : J uda ism - related ▁controvers ies ▁Category : M osa ic ▁law ▁in ▁Christian ▁the ology ▁Category : B ib lic al ▁law ▁Category : New ▁Testament ▁the ology ▁Category : S up ers ession ism <0x0A> </s> ▁S ody sh ka ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁settlement ) ▁in ▁Nov o ale x and rov sko ye ▁R ural ▁S ett lement , ▁Su zd al sky ▁District , ▁Vladimir ▁O blast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 9 4 9 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁There ▁are ▁ 3 ▁streets . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁R pen ▁River , ▁ 5 ▁km ▁north ▁from ▁Vladimir . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Vladimir ▁O blast <0x0A> </s> ▁Bl atu š a ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁central ▁Cro atia , ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁G vo zd , |
▁S is ak - M oslav ina ▁County . ▁It ▁is ▁connected ▁by ▁the ▁D 6 ▁highway . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁census , ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Bl atu š a ▁has ▁ 1 7 1 ▁inhabitants . ▁This ▁represents ▁ 3 0 . 6 5 % ▁of ▁its ▁pre - war ▁population ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁census . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁census , ▁ 9 8 . 0 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁population ▁were ▁eth nic ▁Ser bs ▁( 5 4 7 / 5 5 8 ), ▁ 0 . 9 0 ▁% ▁were ▁Y ug oslav s ▁( 5 / 5 5 8 ), ▁while ▁ 1 . 0 7 % ▁were ▁of ▁other ▁eth nic ▁origin ▁( 6 / 5 5 8 ). ▁ ▁Notable ▁people ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁S is ak - M oslav ina ▁County ▁Category : Ser b ▁communities ▁in ▁Cro atia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁Final s ▁was ▁cont ested ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁( N HL ) ▁champion ▁Toronto ▁and ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Coast ▁Hockey ▁Association ▁( P CH A ) ▁champion ▁V ancouver ▁Mill ion aires . ▁In ▁a ▁series ▁held ▁entirely ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁the ▁Toronto ▁team ▁won ▁the ▁series ▁by ▁three ▁games ▁to ▁two ▁in ▁the ▁best - of - five ▁game ▁series ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Stanley ▁Cup . ▁It ▁was |
▁the ▁first ▁series ▁cont ested ▁by ▁the ▁new ▁N HL ▁and ▁subsequently ▁the ▁first ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁win ▁by ▁the ▁Toronto ▁N HL ▁franch ise ▁team . ▁ ▁Path s ▁to ▁the ▁Final s ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season , ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁Association ▁( N HA ) ▁had ▁susp ended ▁operations ▁as ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁power ▁play ▁to ▁ou st ▁Toronto ▁Blues h ir ts ▁owner ▁Edd ie ▁Living stone . ▁The ▁remaining ▁clubs ▁then ▁met ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁N HL , ▁using ▁the ▁same ▁constitution ▁and ▁playing ▁rules ▁of ▁the ▁N HA . ▁The ▁N HL ▁took ▁the ▁N HA ' s ▁place ▁in ▁compet ing ▁for ▁the ▁Cup ▁in ▁a ▁play off ▁series ▁with ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Coast ▁Hockey ▁Association . ▁ ▁The ▁Toronto ▁N HL ▁players ▁were ▁assigned ▁from ▁the ▁Toronto ▁N HA ▁franch ise , ▁and ▁played ▁for ▁a ▁' tem por ary ' ▁Toronto ▁N HL ▁franch ise , ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Toronto ▁Arena ▁own ers . ▁This ▁is ▁why ▁it ▁is ▁often ▁called ▁the ▁' A ren as ' ▁although ▁no ▁hockey ▁club ▁with ▁the ▁official ▁name ▁" A ren as " ▁existed ▁until ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season . ▁The ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁used ▁no ▁nick name ; ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁often ▁referred ▁to ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁as ▁the ▁" Bl ues h ir ts ', ▁the ▁nick name ▁of ▁the ▁N HA ▁franch ise |
, ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁by ▁the ▁N HA ▁that ▁the ▁franch ise ▁had ▁been ▁sold , ▁although ▁this ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁agreed ▁to ▁by ▁Edd ie ▁Living stone , ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁res ume ▁his ▁franch ise , ▁or ▁be ▁compens ated ▁under ▁his ▁terms . ▁ ▁Despite ▁this ▁black ▁cloud ▁over ▁it , ▁Toronto ▁won ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁split ▁regular ▁season , ▁while ▁the ▁Montreal ▁Canad iens ▁won ▁the ▁first ▁half . ▁Toronto ▁then ▁won ▁the ▁N HL ▁title ▁by ▁defe ating ▁the ▁Canad iens ▁in ▁a ▁two - game , ▁total - go als ▁series , ▁ 1 0 – 7 . ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁V ancouver ▁finished ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 8 ▁P CH A ▁regular ▁season ▁in ▁second ▁place ▁with ▁a ▁ 9 – 9 ▁record ▁behind ▁the ▁ 1 1 – 7 ▁Seattle ▁Metropol it ans . ▁However , ▁V ancouver ▁beat ▁Seattle ▁in ▁that ▁league ' s ▁two - game , ▁total - go als ▁final s , ▁ 3 – 1 , ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 – 0 ▁game ▁two ▁victory . ▁ ▁Game ▁summar ies ▁As ▁with ▁the ▁three ▁previous ▁N HA - P CH A ▁Cup ▁Final ▁series , ▁the ▁series ▁altern ated ▁between ▁the ▁N HL ▁champion ▁and ▁the ▁P CH A ▁champion ▁each ▁year , ▁while ▁the ▁differ ing ▁rules ▁for ▁the ▁le agues ▁altern ated ▁each ▁game . ▁This ▁meant ▁that ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁championship ▁series |
▁were ▁played ▁at ▁Toronto ' s ▁Arena ▁Gard ens . ▁ ▁Two ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁differences ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁le agues ' ▁rules ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁major ▁factor ▁in ▁the ▁series . ▁The ▁P CH A ▁allowed ▁forward ▁passing ▁( ado pt ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 3 – 1 4 ▁season ) ▁and ▁played ▁with ▁seven ▁players ▁per ▁side ; ▁the ▁N HL ▁did ▁not ▁adopt ▁forward ▁passing ▁until ▁the ▁following ▁season , ▁and ▁only ▁played ▁with ▁six ▁players . ▁In ▁every ▁game , ▁the ▁winner ▁was ▁the ▁one ▁playing ▁under ▁its ▁league ' s ▁rules . ▁The ▁Tor ont os ▁won ▁Games ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 3 ▁with ▁vict ories ▁of ▁ 5 – 3 ▁and ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁Mill ion aires ▁recorded ▁ 6 – 4 ▁and ▁ 8 – 1 ▁wins ▁in ▁Games ▁ 2 ▁and ▁ 4 . ▁Because ▁game ▁five ▁was ▁played ▁under ▁N HL ▁rules , ▁it ▁helped ▁Toronto ' s ▁Cor b ett ▁D enn eny ▁to ▁score ▁the ▁series ▁winning ▁goal ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁victory . ▁The ▁Tor ont os ▁out sc ored ▁the ▁Mill ion aires ▁by ▁a ▁combined ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 3 – 7 ▁in ▁the ▁three ▁games ▁played ▁under ▁N HL ▁rules . ▁Con vers ely , ▁V ancouver ▁recorded ▁a ▁ 1 4 – 5 ▁margin ▁in ▁the ▁games ▁under ▁P CH A ▁rules . ▁ ▁Toronto ▁go alt ender ▁H ap ▁Hol mes ▁recorded ▁a ▁ 4 . |
2 0 ▁goals - ag ain st ▁average ▁during ▁the ▁series , ▁while ▁Alf ▁Sk inner ▁led ▁Toronto ▁with ▁eight ▁goals . ▁Cy clone ▁Taylor ▁scored ▁nine ▁goals ▁for ▁V ancouver . ▁ ▁Player ▁stats ▁ ▁Tor ont os ▁– ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁champions ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 8 ▁N HL ▁season ▁▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 8 ▁P CH A ▁season ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : St an ley ▁Cup ▁Final s ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁Stan ▁St ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁Category : M arch ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁sports ▁events ▁Category : S ports ▁compet itions ▁in ▁Toronto ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 s ▁in ▁Toronto ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁in ▁Ontario <0x0A> </s> ▁San ▁Qu ir ico ▁Mart ire ▁is ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church ▁in ▁the ▁fra zione ▁of ▁Bol ano ▁in ▁the ▁comune ▁of ▁F is ci ano , ▁province ▁of ▁Sal erno , ▁region ▁of ▁Camp ania , ▁Italy . ▁ ▁History ▁Origin ally ▁this ▁was ▁a ▁chap el ▁dedicated ▁to ▁Santa ▁Maria ▁del ▁Car mine ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Cong reg a ▁della ▁Car ità ▁of ▁F is ci ano . ▁It ▁replaced ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁an ▁earlier ▁ancient ▁church ▁of ▁San ▁Qu ir ico , ▁outside ▁of ▁town , ▁in ▁a ▁low lying ▁area , ▁which ▁due ▁to ▁repeated ▁flo oding ▁had ▁caused ▁the ▁structure ▁to ▁fall ▁into ▁ru in . ▁The ▁B ellt ower ▁was ▁built ▁in |
▁ 1 8 9 7 . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁the ▁orn aments ▁date ▁from ▁this ▁year ▁including ▁the ▁canvas ▁dep ict ing ▁the ▁S . S ▁Ver g ine ▁di ▁Pom pe i , ▁the ▁Madonna ▁of ▁the ▁Car mine , ▁and ▁the ▁alt ar ▁of ▁the ▁Add ol or ata . ▁▁ ▁Origin ally ▁a ▁rural ▁location , ▁it ▁is ▁now ▁in ▁an ▁urban ▁neighborhood . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church ▁buildings ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁churches ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁Category : Ch urch es ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁Sal erno <0x0A> </s> ▁Alberto ▁M ab ung ul ane ▁Ch iss ano ▁( 2 5 ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁– ▁ 1 9 ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Moz amb ican ▁sculpt or ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁using ▁ind igen ous ▁woods , ▁and ▁sculpt ures ▁in ▁rock , ▁stone ▁and ▁iron . ▁He ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁Moz amb ique ' s ▁most ▁important ▁and ▁influ ential ▁artists , ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁painter ▁ ▁Mal ang at ana ▁Ng wen ya . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁art ▁Alberto ▁Ch iss ano ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Man j ac aze , ▁Gaz a , ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁Portuguese ▁Moz amb ique . ▁Like ▁other ▁boys ▁in ▁the ▁coun tr ys ide , ▁Ch iss ano ▁spent ▁his ▁early ▁life ▁looking ▁after ▁go ats . ▁He ▁had ▁limited ▁school ing ; ▁his |
▁studies ▁were ▁h inder ed ▁by ▁his ▁exp ulsion ▁from ▁his ▁mission ▁school ▁for ▁dan cing ▁the ▁traditional ▁dance ▁N gal anga . ▁He ▁was ▁strongly ▁influenced ▁by ▁his ▁mat ernal ▁grand m other , ▁who ▁taught ▁him ▁r ites ▁and ▁trad itions ▁such ▁as ▁how ▁to ▁divine ▁through ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁o ss icles ▁and ▁sn ail ▁shell s , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁traditional ▁her bal ▁medicine . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 2 , ▁he ▁felt ▁that ▁Man j ac aze ▁was ▁too ▁limited ▁an ▁area ▁for ▁his ▁asp ir ations , ▁so ▁he ▁left ▁for ▁the ▁capital , ▁L our en ço ▁Mar ques . ▁In ▁the ▁capital , ▁he ▁found ▁being ▁a ▁domestic ▁worker ▁uns atisf actory . ▁ ▁He ▁left ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁gold ▁mines ▁of ▁South ▁Africa ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 . ▁ ▁When ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Moz amb ique ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁do ▁his ▁mand atory ▁military ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁colonial ▁Portuguese ▁armed ▁forces . ▁He ▁obtained ▁a ▁position ▁as ▁a ▁servant ▁at ▁the ▁art ▁centre ▁Ass ocia ção ▁N ú cle o ▁de ▁Arte ▁in ▁the ▁capital , ▁and ▁later ▁trained ▁in ▁tax id erm y ▁at ▁Muse u ▁Ál var o ▁de ▁Castro ▁( now ▁Museum ▁of ▁Natural ▁History ). ▁ ▁There ▁he ▁was ▁introduced ▁to ▁sculpt ing ▁by ▁the ▁tax id erm ist ▁August o ▁Cab ral . ▁Later ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁N ú cle o ▁de ▁Arte , ▁where |
▁he ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁art istic ▁environment ▁and ▁supported ▁by ▁more ▁experienced ▁artists . ▁He ▁began ▁sculpt ing ▁in ▁his ▁late ▁tw ent ies ▁and ▁had ▁his ▁first ▁exhibition ▁in ▁L our en ço ▁Mar ques ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁In ▁subsequent ▁years , ▁his ▁sculpt ures ▁appeared ▁in ▁several ▁exhib itions ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Europe , ▁and ▁Africa . ▁ ▁Ch iss ano ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁for ▁a ▁generation ▁of ▁sculpt ors ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁a ▁de cade ▁that ▁sp anned ▁the ▁last ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁colonial ▁period ▁and ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁Moz amb ican ▁independence . ▁He ▁became ▁the ▁most ▁famous ▁and ▁influ ential ▁sculpt or ▁in ▁Moz amb ique . ▁His ▁sculpt ures ▁tell ▁a ▁lot ▁about ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Moz amb ique , ▁the ▁people , ▁struggle , ▁star v ation , ▁and ▁suffering , ▁but ▁also ▁joy ▁and ▁pride . ▁ ▁Ch iss ano ▁turned ▁his ▁family ▁home ▁in ▁Mat ola ▁into ▁a ▁museum ▁and ▁gallery , ▁Muse u ▁Gal eria ▁Ch iss ano . ▁The ▁museum ▁exhib its ▁many ▁of ▁Alberto ▁Ch iss ano ' s ▁own ▁sculpt ures ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁many ▁paint ings ▁by ▁Mal ang at ana ▁and ▁other ▁artists . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁being ▁a ▁museum , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁centre ▁for ▁exhib itions , ▁concert s , ▁and ▁other ▁cultural ▁events . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Nach ing we a ▁Medal |
, ▁a ▁medal ▁presented ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁Moz amb ique ▁in ▁recognition ▁of ▁' ’ extra ordinary ▁mer it ' ’ . ▁( The ▁medal ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁F RE LI MO ' s ▁main ▁camp ▁in ▁T anz ania ▁during ▁the ▁Moz amb ican ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ). ▁ ▁Alberto ▁Ch iss ano ▁died ▁at ▁ 5 9 , ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁in ▁Mat ola . ▁ ▁Selected ▁exhib itions ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁First ▁solo ▁exhibition , ▁Map uto ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁Town ▁Hall , ▁Loren ço ▁Mar ques , ▁ 1 st ▁Prize ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁International ▁exhibition ▁in ▁Washington , ▁ 2 nd ▁Prize ▁in ▁the ▁African ▁art ▁category ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Group ▁exhibition , ▁London ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁Mun ich , ▁Germany ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁Town ▁hall ▁of ▁the ▁Mach op es , ▁Ch ib uto , ▁Gaz a , ▁Moz amb ique ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁Soci ed ade ▁Nacional ▁de ▁Bel as ▁Ar tes ▁( National ▁Society ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts ), ▁Lis bon ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁Several ▁group ▁exhib itions ▁in ▁Moz amb ique ▁and ▁Niger ia ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁In aug uration ▁of ▁Muse u ▁Nacional ▁de ▁Arte ▁( the ▁National ▁Art ▁Museum ), ▁Map uto ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁International ▁Sym pos ium ▁of ▁S cul pt ures , ▁Bel grade , ▁Y ug oslav ia , |
▁ 1 st ▁and ▁ 2 nd ▁pri zes ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁Group ▁exhib itions ▁in ▁Berlin ▁( G erm any ), ▁Sof ia ▁( B ul g aria ), ▁Moscow ▁( S ov iet ▁Union ), ▁Lu anda ▁( Ang ola ) ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁Ex hib ition ▁of ▁mar ble ▁sculpt ure ▁at ▁Ar . Co ▁– ▁Centro ▁de ▁Arte ▁e ▁Comun ica ção ▁Visual ▁( Center ▁for ▁Art ▁and ▁Visual ▁Communic ation ), ▁Lis bon ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁Group ▁exhib itions ▁in ▁Portugal ▁( L is bon ▁and ▁Porto ) ▁and ▁Z imb ab we ▁( Har are ) ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Mal ang at ana ▁& ▁Ch iss ano ▁Indian ▁Council ▁for ▁Cultural ▁Rel ations , ▁New ▁Del hi , ▁India ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁Pal azzo ▁Bar ber ini , ▁Rome ▁and ▁the ▁Teatro ▁Municipal , ▁Reg gio ▁Em ilia , ▁Italy ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Hav ana ▁B ienn ial , ▁Cuba , ▁ 1 st ▁Prize ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Sol id ar ity ▁week ▁with ▁Moz amb ique , ▁Z imb ab we ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Mal ang at ana ▁& ▁Ch iss ano , ▁An k ara , ▁Turkey ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Le ▁Tem ps ▁Et ▁Le ▁Sang ' ’ ▁( The ▁Time ▁and ▁the ▁Blood ), ▁Ré union ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Re pres ents , ▁among ▁others , ▁Moz amb ique ▁in ▁EX PO ' 9 |
2 ▁in ▁Se ville , ▁Spain ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Two ▁artists . ▁Two ▁gener ations , ▁with ▁Tit os ▁M ab ota , ▁Ast rup ▁F ear n ley ▁Museum ▁of ▁Modern ▁Art , ▁Os lo , ▁Norway ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Two ▁artists . ▁Two ▁gener ations ' ', ▁with ▁Tit os ▁M ab ota , ▁Ber gen ▁Museum , ▁Ber gen , ▁Norway ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁The ▁Africa ▁Centre , ▁London ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Culture ▁of ▁Moz amb ique ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁" Ch iss ano ▁Esc ult ura ", ▁Cooper ativa ▁de ▁Activ idades ▁Art ísticas ▁C RL , ▁Porto , ▁Portugal . ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁ ▁" Ch iss ano ▁& ▁Tit os . ▁Two ▁Art ists . ▁Two ▁Gener ations " ▁( in ▁Norwegian ▁and ▁English ), ▁Ast rup ▁F ear n ley ▁Museum ▁of ▁Modern ▁Art , ▁Os lo , ▁Norway . ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁" Ch iss ano , ▁o ▁esc ult or ▁da ▁lum inos idade ▁c rom ática ", ▁Muse u ▁Gal eria ▁Ch iss ano . ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Art ▁gall eries ▁featuring ▁Ch iss ano ' s ▁work ▁ ▁Muse u ▁Gal eria ▁Ch iss ano , ▁R ua ▁Esc ult or ▁Ch iss ano , ▁ 3 0 7 , ▁B air ro ▁S ial , ▁Mat ola , ▁Map uto ▁Province ▁ ▁Muse u ▁Nacional ▁de ▁Arte ▁( National ▁Art ▁Museum ), ▁Map uto ▁ ▁African |
▁Contempor ary ▁| ▁Art ▁Gallery ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Description ▁of ▁access ▁to ▁Muse u ▁Gal eria ▁Ch iss ano , ▁Mat ola ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁death s ▁Category : M oz amb ican ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Nach ing we a ▁Medal <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁Hend erson ▁Ber ry ▁( May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 4 1 ▁– ▁January ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Senator ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Governor ▁of ▁Ark ansas . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁James ▁Hend erson ▁Ber ry ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Jackson ▁County , ▁Alabama , ▁to ▁Isabel la ▁Jane ▁( née ▁Or r ) ▁and ▁James ▁Mc F err in ▁Ber ry . ▁The ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁Ark ansas ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 8 . ▁Ber ry ▁attended ▁Ber ry ville ▁Academy ▁in ▁Ber ry ville , ▁Ark ansas , ▁for ▁one ▁year . ▁The ▁a cademy ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁his ▁family . ▁Ber ry ▁studied ▁law ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 ▁was ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁Ark ansas ▁bar . ▁ ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁At ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War , ▁Ber ry ▁joined ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁Army ▁and ▁was ▁commission ed ▁as ▁a ▁second ▁lieutenant ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁Ark ansas ▁Infantry . ▁Ber ry ▁lost ▁his ▁right ▁leg ▁during ▁the ▁Battle ▁of |
▁Second ▁Cor inth ▁in ▁northern ▁Mississippi . ▁ ▁After ▁recuper ating ▁from ▁his ▁w ound , ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁school ▁teacher ▁and ▁started ▁a ▁private ▁law ▁practice . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁Ber ry ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Ark ansas ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁re elect ed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 4 . ▁In ▁his ▁last ▁term ▁he ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁be ▁Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁House . ▁Ber ry ▁was ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Democratic ▁State ▁Convention ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 8 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁judge ▁for ▁the ▁Four th ▁Circ uit ▁Court ▁and ▁served ▁in ▁that ▁post ▁until ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁Governor ▁of ▁Ark ansas . ▁The ▁Ber ry ▁administration ▁focused ▁on ▁reducing ▁the ▁state ▁deb t ▁and ▁creating ▁a ▁state ▁mental ▁hospital . ▁Ber ry ▁did ▁not ▁run ▁for ▁re e lection . ▁In ▁March ▁ 1 8 8 5 , ▁Ber ry ▁was ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁legisl ature ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁un exp ired ▁term ▁of ▁Senator ▁August us ▁H . ▁Gar land . ▁Ber ry ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Senate ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁ 2 2 ▁years . ▁ ▁Later ▁life ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁Ber ry ▁accepted ▁a ▁position ▁with ▁the ▁Ark ansas ▁History ▁Commission ▁to ▁mark ▁the ▁gra ves ▁of ▁all ▁Ark ansas ▁Confeder ate ▁soldiers ▁who ▁had ▁died ▁in |
▁northern ▁pr isons . ▁Ber ry ▁died ▁in ▁Bent on ville , ▁Ark ansas , ▁and ▁is ▁buried ▁at ▁the ▁Kn ights ▁of ▁P yth ias ▁C emetery ▁( present - day ▁Bent on ville ▁C emetery ), ▁Bent on ville , ▁Ark ansas . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 5 , ▁Ber ry ▁married ▁E . Q . ▁" L iz zie " ▁Qu a ile . ▁They ▁had ▁six ▁children . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁Ark ansas ▁History ▁& ▁Culture ▁entry : ▁James ▁Hend erson ▁Ber ry ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁Full ▁Port rait ▁National ▁Govern ors ▁Association ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 4 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 3 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : American ▁am put ees ▁Category : Ar k ansas ▁Democr ats ▁Category : Ar k ansas ▁law y ers ▁Category : American ▁polit icians ▁with ▁physical ▁dis abilities ▁Category : Ar k ansas ▁state ▁court ▁jud ges ▁Category : Conf eder ate ▁States ▁Army ▁officers ▁Category : De ath s ▁in ▁Ark ansas ▁Category : D em ocr atic ▁Party ▁state ▁govern ors ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : D em ocr atic ▁Party ▁United ▁States ▁sen ators ▁Category : G overn ors ▁of ▁Ark ansas ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Ark ansas ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Jackson ▁County , ▁Alabama ▁Category : Spe akers ▁of ▁the ▁Ark ansas ▁House ▁of |
▁Representatives ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁sen ators ▁from ▁Ark ansas <0x0A> </s> ▁D ana ▁L . ▁Red d ▁( born ▁March ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁Democratic ▁politician ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Cam den , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Red d ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Senate ▁from ▁January ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁to ▁January ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁representing ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Legisl ative ▁District . ▁ ▁Education ▁Red d ▁graduated ▁from ▁Bishop ▁E ust ace ▁Pre par atory ▁School ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁and ▁began ▁full - time ▁employ ment ▁while ▁att ending ▁college ▁at ▁night . ▁She ▁received ▁a ▁B . S . ▁degree ▁in ▁Business ▁from ▁R ut gers ▁University - Cam den ▁and ▁attended ▁the ▁Edward ▁J . ▁Bl ou stein ▁School ▁of ▁Pl anning ▁and ▁Public ▁Policy ▁( Pr inci ples ▁of ▁R ede velop ment ). ▁She ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁ear n ▁a ▁Master ▁of ▁Arts ▁degree ▁in ▁Human ▁Services ▁Administration ▁( M H SA ) ▁from ▁Lincoln ▁University ▁( P en nsylvan ia ). ▁ ▁Elect ed ▁office ▁Red d ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Senate ' s ▁Community ▁and ▁Urban ▁Affairs ▁Committee ▁( as ▁vice - ch air ), ▁the ▁Bud get ▁and ▁App ropri ations ▁Committee ▁and ▁the ▁Health , ▁Human ▁Services ▁and ▁Senior ▁Cit iz ens ▁Committee . ▁ |
▁She ▁also ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁J oint ▁Committee ▁on ▁Public ▁School s . ▁ ▁Red d ▁has ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Democratic ▁State ▁Committee ▁as ▁its ▁vice ▁chair ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁Democratic ▁National ▁Committee ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁delegate ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Democratic ▁National ▁Convention . ▁She ▁has ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Red istrict ing ▁Commission ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁Red d ▁has ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Cam den ▁City ▁Council ▁as ▁Vice ▁Chair ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁on ▁its ▁H ous ing ▁Author ity , ▁as ▁Chair , ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁She ▁simultaneously ▁held ▁a ▁seat ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Senate ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁City ▁Council . ▁This ▁dual ▁position , ▁often ▁called ▁double ▁di pping , ▁is ▁allowed ▁under ▁a ▁grand father ▁clause ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁law ▁en act ed ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Legisl ature ▁and ▁signed ▁into ▁law ▁by ▁Governor ▁of ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Jon ▁Cor z ine ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁that ▁prevents ▁dual - office - hold ing ▁but ▁allows ▁those ▁who ▁had ▁held ▁both ▁positions ▁as ▁of ▁February ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁to ▁retain ▁both ▁posts . ▁She ▁was ▁elected ▁mayor ▁of ▁Cam den ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁She ▁won ▁the ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁with |
▁ 8 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁general ▁favorite ▁in ▁the ▁November ▁ ▁election . ▁She ▁won ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁and ▁was ▁re - elect ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁for ▁another ▁four - year ▁term . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Legisl ature ▁financial ▁dis closure ▁forms ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁may ors ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁state ▁legisl ators ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁women ▁in ▁politics ▁Category : B ishop ▁E ust ace ▁Pre par atory ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : May ors ▁of ▁Cam den , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : New ▁Jersey ▁city ▁council ▁members ▁Category : New ▁Jersey ▁Democr ats ▁Category : New ▁Jersey ▁state ▁sen ators ▁Category : R ut gers ▁University – Cam den ▁al umn i ▁Category : W omen ▁may ors ▁of ▁places ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : W omen ▁state ▁legisl ators ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey <0x0A> </s> ▁Gan j abad ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Gan j ā b ā d ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁ Ş ā de q ā b ā d ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Das ht - e ▁Bil ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central |
▁District ▁of ▁O sh nav ie h ▁County , ▁West ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 6 7 , ▁in ▁ 1 5 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁O sh nav ie h ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁N . ▁Dol in se k ▁( born ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁in ▁Santa ▁Rosa , ▁CA ) ▁was ▁an ▁out f iel der ▁who ▁is ▁most ▁notable ▁for ▁winning ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁College ▁World ▁Series ▁Most ▁Out standing ▁Player ▁award ▁while ▁a ▁junior ▁at ▁Arizona ▁State ▁University . ▁He ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁five ▁players ▁from ▁Arizona ▁State ▁University ▁to ▁win ▁that ▁award . ▁The ▁others ▁are ▁Sal ▁B ando , ▁Ron ▁Dav ini , ▁Bob ▁Hor ner ▁and ▁Stan ▁Hol mes . ▁ ▁D raft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Houston ▁Ast ros ▁in ▁the ▁e ighth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁draft , ▁Dol in se k ▁played ▁five ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁min ors , ▁never ▁reaching ▁the ▁big ▁le agues . ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Cov ington ▁Ast ros ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁hitting ▁. 3 0 1 ▁with ▁seven ▁home ▁runs ▁in ▁ 5 9 ▁games . ▁For ▁the ▁Columb us ▁Ast ros ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁he ▁hit ▁. 2 9 6 ▁eight ▁home ▁runs ▁in ▁ 1 3 7 ▁games . ▁In ▁ |
1 9 7 1 , ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Oklahoma ▁City ▁ 8 9 ers , ▁hitting ▁. 2 8 8 ▁with ▁ 1 4 ▁home ▁runs ▁and ▁ 7 0 ▁R BI ▁in ▁ 1 2 4 ▁games . ▁He ▁split ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁season ▁between ▁the ▁ 8 9 ers ▁and ▁Pen ins ula ▁Wh ips , ▁hitting ▁a ▁combined ▁. 2 9 6 ▁with ▁ 1 1 ▁home ▁runs ▁in ▁ 4 4 2 ▁at - b ats . ▁He ▁played ▁his ▁final ▁professional ▁season ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁for ▁the ▁Den ver ▁B ears . ▁He ▁hit ▁. 2 7 4 ▁with ▁nine ▁hom ers ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁Mr ▁Dol in se k ▁enjo ys ▁slow ▁pitch ▁soft ball ▁and ▁cross words ▁in ▁his ▁ret irement . ▁▁▁ ▁It ' s ▁been ▁reported ▁by ▁CNN ▁and ▁T M Z ▁that ▁Mr . ▁Dol in se k ▁will ▁be ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁contest ant ▁on ▁the ▁ABC ▁television ▁series ▁Dan cing ▁With ▁The ▁Stars . ▁Dan cing ▁With ▁The ▁Stars ▁pairs ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁well ▁known ▁( and ▁less ▁well ▁known ) ▁cele brit ies ▁with ▁professional ▁ball room ▁d anc ers , ▁who ▁each ▁week ▁comp ete ▁by ▁performing ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁ch ore ograph ed ▁rout ines ▁that ▁follow ▁the ▁pre arr anged ▁theme ▁for ▁that ▁particular ▁week . ▁ ▁References ▁Baseball - Reference ▁ ▁Category : A rizona ▁State ▁Sun ▁Dev ils ▁baseball ▁players ▁Category : 1 |
9 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : Col lege ▁World ▁Series ▁Most ▁Out standing ▁Player ▁Award ▁w inners ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Santa ▁Rosa , ▁California ▁Category : C ov ington ▁Ast ros ▁players ▁Category : Col umb us ▁Ast ros ▁players ▁Category : Ok lahoma ▁City ▁ 8 9 ers ▁players ▁Category : P en ins ula ▁Wh ips ▁players ▁Category : Den ver ▁B ears ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁men ' s ▁ 5 0 m ▁fre est yle ▁S 1 2 ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Par al ym p ics ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁ ▁London ▁Aqu at ics ▁Centre ▁on ▁ 7 ▁September . ▁There ▁were ▁three ▁he ats ; ▁the ▁sw imm ers ▁with ▁the ▁eight ▁fast est ▁times ▁advanced ▁to ▁the ▁final . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁He ats ▁Compet ed ▁from ▁ 1 1 : 1 5 . ▁ ▁He at ▁ 1 ▁ ▁He at ▁ 2 ▁ ▁He at ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Final ▁Compet ed ▁at ▁ 1 9 : 4 9 . ▁▁▁ ▁Q ▁= ▁qualified ▁for ▁final . ▁AM ▁= ▁Amer icas ▁Record . ▁ ▁References ▁Official ▁London ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Par al ym p ics ▁Results : ▁He ats ▁Official ▁London ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Par al ym p ics ▁Results : ▁Final ▁ ▁Category : Sw imming ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Par al ym p ics <0x0A> </s> ▁White h aven ▁is |
▁a ▁pre domin antly ▁African - American ▁community ▁in ▁M emph is , ▁Tennessee , ▁first ▁organized ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁as ▁a ▁neighborhood ▁for ▁upper - class ▁families . ▁Its ▁current ▁population ▁is ▁about ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁White h aven ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁neighborhood ▁in ▁South ▁M emph is ▁and ▁is ▁roughly ▁bounded ▁by ▁Bro oks ▁Road ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁state ▁line ▁on ▁the ▁south , ▁with ▁the ▁Illinois ▁Central ▁Rail road ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁and ▁Air ways ▁Bou lev ard ▁on ▁the ▁east . ▁ ▁The ▁major ▁traffic ▁ar tery ▁of ▁the ▁community ▁is ▁U . S . ▁Route ▁ 5 1 , ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁El vis ▁Pres ley ▁Bou lev ard . ▁This ▁road way ▁began ▁as ▁a ▁to ll ▁" Pl ank ▁Road " ▁built ▁between ▁M emph is ▁and ▁Hern ando , ▁Mississippi ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 2 . ▁ ▁White h aven ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁its ▁own ▁city , ▁but ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁M emph is . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁community ▁takes ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁a ▁Colonel ▁Francis ▁White , ▁who ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁sett ler ▁and ▁major ▁property ▁owner . ▁White ▁was ▁influ ential ▁in ▁getting ▁a ▁rail ▁line ▁to ▁run ▁through ▁what ▁was ▁first ▁called ▁White ' s ▁Station , ▁later ▁White h aven . ▁This ▁Mississippi ▁and ▁Tennessee ▁Rail road ▁was ▁char tered ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁trains ▁ran ▁in ▁ |
1 8 5 6 . ▁The ▁first ▁" White ▁H aven " ▁post ▁office ▁was ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 1 . ▁The ▁roads ▁and ▁train ▁tracks ▁connected ▁the ▁cot ton ▁far ms ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁D elta ▁to ▁M emph is ▁mark ets , ▁establish ing ▁strong ▁commercial ▁links . ▁ ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁found ing ▁family ▁names ▁are ▁R aines , ▁H ale , ▁McC ork le , ▁and ▁Har bin . ▁E . ▁W . ▁H ale ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁area ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁and ▁opened ▁a ▁store ▁near ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁White h aven ▁High ▁School ▁on ▁El vis ▁Pres ley ▁Bl vd . ▁H ale ' s ▁Store ▁was ▁a ▁land mark ▁for ▁many ▁dec ades . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 6 , ▁W RE C ▁radio ▁began ▁operations ▁there , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁White h aven ▁Ho yt ▁B . ▁W oot en ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁six ▁television ▁license es ▁in ▁America . ▁His ▁original ▁home ▁is ▁the ▁center pie ce ▁of ▁a ▁private ▁development ▁called ▁Lion ' s ▁Gate . ▁ ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁later ▁resident ial ▁and ▁commercial ▁development ▁was ▁done ▁by ▁Car r ington ▁Jones ▁and ▁L acy ▁Mos by ▁in ▁the ▁mid ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁to ▁provide ▁housing ▁for ▁" b aby ▁bo om " ▁families ▁who ▁moved ▁from ▁M emph is ▁to ▁a ▁pleasant ▁environment ▁in ▁the ▁old ▁community . ▁This ▁gradually ▁transformed ▁plant |
ation ▁tract s ▁to ▁neighborhood s ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 0 s . ▁ ▁Origin ally ▁a ▁farm ▁community , ▁White h aven ▁was ▁developed ▁as ▁a ▁resident ial ▁sub urb ▁of ▁M emph is ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁White h aven ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 , 3 1 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁White h aven ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 3 , 8 9 4 . ▁ ▁White h aven ▁was ▁an nex ed ▁by ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁M emph is ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁It ▁was ▁integrated ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁white ▁flight ▁en su ed ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁dec ades . ▁White h aven ▁is ▁proc laimed ▁as ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁South ▁M emph is . ▁ ▁Education ▁Four ▁high ▁schools ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁White h aven ▁area : ▁Fair ley ▁High ▁School , ▁Hill c rest ▁High ▁School , ▁Path ways ▁In ▁Education , ▁and ▁White h aven ▁High ▁School . ▁White h aven ▁High ▁School ▁was ▁opened ▁by ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁until ▁Hill c rest ▁opened ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁ ▁A ▁strong ▁rival ry ▁developed ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁schools , ▁and |
▁the ▁Hill c rest / White h aven ▁game ▁became ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁during ▁football ▁season . ▁ ▁Bishop ▁By r ne , ▁a ▁private ▁co - ed uc ational ▁Catholic ▁high ▁school ▁adjacent ▁to ▁Saint ▁Paul ▁Church ▁on ▁Sh el by ▁Drive , ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁closed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Public ▁School s ▁in ▁ 3 8 1 1 6 ▁( White h aven ) ▁ ▁White h aven ▁High ▁School ▁ ▁Hill c rest ▁High ▁School ▁( Green ▁D ot ▁Char ter ▁system ▁affili ate ) ▁ ▁H aven view ▁Middle ▁School ▁ ▁A . ▁M ace o ▁Walker ▁Middle ▁School ▁ ▁White h aven ▁Element ary ▁School ▁ ▁Garden view ▁Element ary ▁School ▁ ▁Robert ▁R ▁Church ▁Element ary ▁School ▁ ▁Oak shire ▁Element ary ▁School ▁ ▁Hol mes ▁Road ▁Element ary ▁School ▁ ▁Path ways ▁In ▁Education ▁( 7 - 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Fair ley ▁High ▁School ▁( Green ▁D ot ▁Char ter ▁system ▁affili ate ) ▁ ▁John ▁P . ▁Fre eman ▁Optional ▁School ▁( K - 8 ) ▁ ▁Private ▁School s ▁in ▁ 3 8 1 1 6 ▁( White h aven ) ▁ ▁Bishop ▁By r ne ▁Middle ▁and ▁High ▁School ▁( closed ) ▁ ▁St . ▁Paul ▁ ▁City ▁University ▁Pre par atory ▁School s ▁and ▁Liberal ▁Arts ▁ ▁Du ▁Bo is ▁School ▁of ▁Arts ▁& ▁Technology ▁( closed ) ▁ ▁M emph is ▁Pre par atory ▁School |
▁( closed ) ▁ ▁Fre edom ▁Pre par atory ▁Academy ▁Middle ▁and ▁High ▁School ▁ ▁Places ▁of ▁interest ▁ ▁G rac eland ▁ ▁White h aven ' s ▁major ▁tour ist ▁attra ctions ▁are ▁still ▁G rac eland ▁m ansion ▁and ▁the ▁annual ▁El vis ▁Week , ▁attract ing ▁many ▁thousands ▁there ▁ann ually ▁to ▁remember ▁" The ▁King " ▁on ▁the ▁anni versary ▁of ▁his ▁death ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁El vis ▁Pres ley ▁bought ▁his ▁famous ▁home ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 ; ▁soon ▁after ward ▁the ▁far ml and ▁surrounding ▁the ▁estate ▁was ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁homes ites . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁two ▁dec ades ▁he ▁lived ▁in ▁White h aven , ▁El vis ▁spent ▁as ▁much ▁time ▁as ▁possible ▁at ▁his ▁home ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁bel oved ▁neighbor ▁to ▁residents ▁there . ▁ ▁South land ▁Mall ▁For ▁the ▁next ▁de cade ▁there ▁was ▁rapid ▁development , ▁with ▁White h aven ▁Pla za ▁sho pping ▁center ▁becoming ▁the ▁area ' s ▁commercial ▁center . ▁South land ▁Mall ▁opened ▁at ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁Sh el by ▁Drive ▁and ▁El vis ▁Pres ley ▁Bl vd ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁destination ▁for ▁sh opp ers ▁from ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁region . ▁It ▁greatly ▁helped ▁the ▁community ▁to ▁prosper . ▁South land ▁Mall ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁en closed ▁m all ▁in ▁M emph is . ▁ ▁Notable ▁people ▁ ▁DJ ▁Paul - a ▁member ▁of ▁Three ▁ |
6 ▁M af ia ▁ ▁Gang sta ▁Bo o ▁ ▁Dr um ma ▁Boy ▁ ▁Gang sta ▁Pat ▁ ▁D ont ari ▁Po e ▁of ▁[ Car ol ina ▁Pan thers ] ▁ ▁Jay ▁F izz le ▁P aper ▁Route ▁Empire ▁Ryan ▁Dal ton ▁: ▁White h aven ▁man ▁ ▁M emph izz ▁Marc ▁Jerry ▁Mack ▁ ▁Op in ions ▁Mov ing ▁to ▁White h aven ▁personal ▁story ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ne igh bor hood s ▁in ▁M emph is , ▁Tennessee ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁Category : 1 8 7 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Tennessee ▁Category : Form er ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁Tennessee <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Dru id ▁of ▁Sh ann ara ▁is ▁a ▁fant asy ▁novel ▁by ▁American ▁writer ▁Terry ▁Bro oks . ▁The ▁second ▁book ▁of ▁his ▁t et ral ogy ▁of ▁The ▁Heritage ▁of ▁Sh ann ara , ▁it ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁ ▁The ▁Dru id ▁of ▁Sh ann ara ▁takes ▁off ▁where ▁The ▁Sc ions ▁of ▁Sh ann ara ▁left ▁off , ▁foc using ▁on ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁Walker ▁Boh ▁as ▁he ▁attempts ▁to ▁ful fill ▁the ▁task ▁given ▁to ▁him ▁by ▁the ▁sh ade ▁of ▁All anon , ▁to ▁return ▁the ▁Dru id ▁castle ▁of ▁Par an or ▁to ▁the ▁Four ▁Land s . ▁Left ▁in ▁the ▁Hall ▁of ▁Kings ▁with ▁the |
▁As ph inx ▁attack ing , ▁Walker ▁f ends ▁off ▁the ▁poison ▁with ▁his ▁magic ▁for ▁days ▁whereas ▁the ▁As ph inx ▁could ▁have ▁killed ▁any ▁normal ▁mort al . ▁Finally ▁real izing ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁only ▁one ▁way ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁pred ic ament , ▁he ▁breaks ▁off ▁his ▁arm ▁in ▁terrible ▁ag ony . ▁He ▁f ights ▁his ▁way ▁through ▁the ▁Hall ▁of ▁Kings ▁and ▁amaz ingly ▁finds ▁his ▁way ▁to ▁St or lock ▁for ▁the ▁G nome ▁He al ers ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁to ▁the ▁best ▁of ▁their ▁ab ilities . ▁ ▁We ▁are ▁told ▁right ▁away ▁that ▁Coll ▁is ▁still ▁alive , ▁and ▁the ▁thing ▁Par ▁killed ▁was ▁a ▁fake . ▁Coll ▁is ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁a ▁prison ▁called ▁South watch ▁and ▁is ▁trying ▁to ▁figure ▁out ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁escape . ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁The ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Silver ▁River ▁real izes ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁Four ▁Land s ▁and ▁makes ▁a ▁beautiful ▁woman ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁elements ▁surrounding ▁him ▁in ▁his ▁garden ▁including ▁a ▁dove ▁for ▁a ▁heart . ▁The ▁King ▁tells ▁his ▁daughter , ▁Quick ening , ▁of ▁the ▁task ▁that ▁she ▁must ▁carry ▁out , ▁for ▁there ▁is ▁trouble ▁in ▁a ▁lost ▁city ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁and ▁the ▁people ▁to ▁take ▁with ▁her . ▁ ▁Morgan ▁Le ah ▁returns ▁to ▁C ul h aven ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁a ▁final ▁request ▁from ▁his ▁old ▁friend ▁Ste ff ▁who ▁met ▁his ▁dem ise ▁in ▁The ▁Sc ions ▁of ▁Sh ann ara ▁and ▁quickly ▁becomes ▁imprison ed |
. ▁ ▁R immer ▁D all ▁he ars ▁about ▁Quick ening ▁and ▁the ▁rum ors ▁surrounding ▁her ▁appearances : ▁that ▁she ' s ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁The ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Silver ▁River ▁and ▁is ▁making ▁m ira cles ▁happen . ▁R immer ▁D all ▁dispatch es ▁a ▁dangerous ▁assass in ▁known ▁as ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁to ▁kill ▁her . ▁ ▁When ▁Quick ening ▁goes ▁to ▁C ul h aven , ▁she ▁quickly ▁rest ores ▁hope ▁in ▁the ▁land ▁by ▁bringing ▁back ▁the ▁beautiful ▁Me ade ▁Gard ens . ▁Do ing ▁this , ▁though , ▁takes ▁a ▁to ll ▁on ▁her ▁and ▁she ▁becomes ▁weak . ▁Quick ening ▁falls ▁into ▁Pe ▁Ell ' s ▁arms ▁and ▁asks ▁him ▁to ▁find ▁her ▁somewhere ▁to ▁sleep . ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁does ▁so , ▁but ▁doesn ' t ▁kill ▁her ▁because ▁he ▁is ▁attract ed ▁to ▁her . ▁ ▁After ▁Quick ening ▁re co vers ▁she ▁requests ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁to ▁break ▁Morgan ▁Le ah ▁out ▁of ▁prison , ▁and ▁he ▁does ▁so , ▁rel uct antly . ▁Morgan ▁Le ah ▁is ▁also ▁attract ed ▁to ▁Quick ening ▁and ▁both ▁he ▁and ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁agree ▁to ▁go ▁on ▁a ▁journey ▁with ▁her . ▁Morgan ▁Le ah ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁instant ▁emot ional ▁att raction ▁and ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁because ▁he ▁wants ▁to ▁find ▁out ▁what ▁makes ▁her ▁so ▁special . ▁ ▁The ▁three ▁set ▁off ▁to ▁go ▁find ▁Walker ▁Boh . ▁ ▁While ▁this ▁is ▁happening , ▁Walker ▁had ▁returned ▁home ▁under ▁the ▁care ▁of ▁C og line . ▁Walker , |
▁still ▁very ▁weak , ▁lies ▁in ▁bed ▁as ▁C og line ▁tries ▁to ▁co ax ▁Walker ▁to ▁get ▁up ▁and ▁think ▁posit ively . ▁R immer ▁D all ▁with ▁a ▁hand ful ▁of ▁Sh adow en ▁confront ▁C og line , ▁bound ▁to ▁take ▁out ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁the ▁mess engers ▁of ▁the ▁dru ids . ▁C og line ▁knew ▁this ▁was ▁coming ▁after ▁hearing ▁from ▁All anon ▁and ▁gra bb ed ▁the ▁Dru id ▁Histor ies ▁before ▁he ▁and ▁Rum or ▁were ▁killed . ▁ ▁Finally , ▁Quick ening ▁reaches ▁Walker ▁Boh ▁and ▁he als ▁him ▁the ▁best ▁she ▁can , ▁though ▁his ▁arm ▁is ▁still ▁missing . ▁She ▁takes ▁the ▁party ▁north ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁black ▁el f stone ▁and ▁in ▁return ▁Morgan ▁will ▁get ▁his ▁sword ▁back , ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁will ▁increase ▁his ▁mag ical ▁ab ilities , ▁and ▁Walker ▁Boh ▁will ▁become ▁whole . ▁ ▁They ▁travel ▁north ▁and ▁meet ▁Hor ner ▁De es ▁who ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁known ▁surv iv or ▁to ▁ever ▁go ▁into ▁E ld w ist , ▁an ▁ancient ▁city ▁turned ▁completely ▁to ▁stone . ▁He ▁had ▁no ▁intent ions ▁of ▁ever ▁going ▁back , ▁but ▁he ▁is ▁soon ▁persu aded . ▁They ▁finally ▁make ▁it ▁to ▁E ld w ist ▁and ▁confront ▁U hl ▁Bel k , ▁a ▁brother ▁of ▁The ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Silver ▁River ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁there ▁just ▁as ▁long . ▁Days ▁go ▁by ▁avoid ing ▁a ▁cre eper ▁called ▁The ▁R ake , ▁and ▁the ▁M aw ▁Gr int , |
▁the ▁child ▁of ▁the ▁Stone ▁King , ▁which ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁gig antic ▁w orm - like ▁creature ▁that ▁turns ▁to ▁stone ▁everything ▁in ▁his ▁path . ▁Finally ▁they ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁trick ▁U hl ▁Bel k ▁into ▁letting ▁go ▁of ▁the ▁black ▁el f stone ▁and ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁this ▁happens ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁takes ▁off ▁with ▁Quick ening ▁as ▁a ▁host age . ▁Con front ed ▁by ▁Walker , ▁De es , ▁and ▁Morgan , ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁st abs ▁Quick ening , ▁though ▁it ▁appears ▁that ▁Quick ening ▁actually ▁push es ▁herself ▁against ▁Pe ▁Ell ' s ▁mag ical ▁bla de , ▁thus ▁taking ▁from ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁the ▁choice ▁of ▁killing ▁her . ▁Sur pr ised , ▁confused ▁and ▁en rag ed , ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁fle es . ▁He ▁doesn ' t ▁get ▁far ▁before ▁he ▁dies ▁in ▁consequence ▁of ▁having ▁killed ▁Quick ening , ▁apparently ▁from ▁some ▁kind ▁of ▁ret ali atory ▁magic ▁which ▁Walker ▁suggests ▁might ▁have ▁been ▁placed ▁on ▁Quick ening ▁by ▁the ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Silver ▁River ▁to ▁a ven ge ▁her ▁death . ▁ ▁Walker ▁Boh , ▁Morgan ▁Le ah , ▁and ▁Hor ner ▁De es ▁take ▁Quick ening ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁cl iffs ▁above ▁E ld w ist . ▁Quick ening ▁b ids ▁fare well ▁to ▁Morgan ▁and ▁the ▁others . ▁She ▁tells ▁Morgan ▁to ▁she ath ▁the ▁broken ▁S word ▁of ▁Le ah ▁in ▁the ▁earth . ▁ ▁Quick ening ▁then ▁calls ▁for ▁Walker , ▁who ▁takes |
▁her ▁to ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁the ▁cl iff . ▁Using ▁her ▁magic , ▁she ▁communic ates ▁to ▁Walker ▁the ▁purpose ▁for ▁her ▁existence , ▁which ▁is ▁to ▁restore ▁E ld w ist , ▁free ing ▁it ▁from ▁its ▁stone ▁shell . ▁At ▁Quick ening ' s ▁request , ▁Walker ▁releases ▁her , ▁and ▁she ▁falls ▁from ▁the ▁cl iff ▁and ▁dis integr ates . ▁The ▁dust ▁of ▁Quick ening ' s ▁body ▁sett les ▁over ▁E ld w ist , ▁and ▁plant ▁life ▁sp ont ane ously ▁grows , ▁quickly ▁covering ▁the ▁whole ▁pen ins ula , ▁leaving ▁the ▁only ▁visible ▁stone ▁the ▁dom ed ▁building ▁where in ▁U hl ▁Bel k ▁res ides . ▁The ▁magic ▁also ▁rest ores ▁the ▁broken ▁S word ▁of ▁Le ah , ▁a ▁final ▁symbol ▁of ▁the ▁love ▁between ▁Morgan ▁and ▁Quick ening . ▁ ▁The ▁three ▁of ▁them ▁leave , ▁all ▁taking ▁different ▁paths . ▁Hor ner ▁goes ▁home , ▁Morgan ▁leaves ▁to ▁find ▁Par , ▁and ▁Walker ▁leaves ▁to ▁recover ▁lost ▁Par an or . ▁ ▁Also ▁mentioned ▁briefly ▁in ▁the ▁book , ▁W ren ▁jour ne ys ▁with ▁Gar th ▁to ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Gr im pen ▁Ward ▁in ▁the ▁W ilder un ▁to ▁seek ▁out ▁a ▁se er ▁called ▁the ▁Add ers h ag , ▁hoping ▁to ▁learn ▁the ▁fate ▁of ▁the ▁El ves . ▁W ren ▁is ▁told ▁by ▁the ▁Add ers h ag ▁to ▁go ▁south ▁to ▁the ▁Blue ▁Div ide ▁and ▁light ▁a ▁fire ▁for ▁three ▁days ▁above ▁the ▁c |
aves ▁of ▁the ▁R ocs . ▁W ren ▁and ▁Gar th ▁escape ▁Gr im pen ▁Ward , ▁ch ased ▁by ▁the ▁men ▁who ▁have ▁been ▁keeping ▁the ▁Add ers h ag ▁as ▁a ▁prisoner . ▁ ▁Char acters ▁The ▁characters ▁are : ▁Walker ▁Boh ▁Morgan ▁Le ah ▁[ Qu ick ening ] ▁Pe ▁Ell ▁Hor ner ▁De es ▁U hl ▁Bel k ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Silver ▁River ▁Car is man ▁M aw ▁Gr int ▁C og line ▁W ren ▁El essed il ▁Gar th ▁Par ▁Oh ms ford ▁Coll ▁Oh ms ford ▁R immer ▁D all ▁ ▁Category : Sh ann ara ▁nov els ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁American ▁nov els ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁fant asy ▁nov els ▁Category : High ▁fant asy ▁nov els ▁Category : Del ▁Rey ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁For ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Eng ra ving ▁and ▁Print ing , ▁see ▁William ▁Mort on ▁Mer ed ith . ▁ ▁William ▁Morris ▁Mer ed ith ▁( J une ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 7 9 9 ▁– ▁August ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 7 3 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁lawyer ▁and ▁politician ▁from ▁Philadelphia , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury , ▁during ▁President ▁Zach ary ▁Taylor ' s ▁Administration . ▁ ▁Early ▁and ▁family ▁life ▁Born ▁on ▁June ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 7 9 9 ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁William ▁Morris ▁Mer ed ith ▁was ▁the ▁el dest ▁son ▁of |
▁William ▁T uck ey ▁Mer ed ith ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 4 4 ), ▁a ▁successful ▁att orney ▁and ▁after ▁ 1 8 1 4 ▁president ▁of ▁Sch u yl kill ▁Bank , ▁and ▁who ▁narrow ly ▁lost ▁to ▁Nicholas ▁B iddle ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁of ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁During ▁the ▁year ▁he ▁was ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Bar , ▁ 1 7 9 5 , ▁William ▁T uck ey ▁Mer ed ith ▁married ▁the ▁writer ▁and ▁poet ▁Ger tr ude ▁G ouverneur ▁Mer ed ith ▁( née ▁Og den ) ▁( d . 1 8 2 8 ). ▁Ger tr ude ▁was ▁the ▁nie ce ▁of ▁Lewis ▁Morris , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁of ▁G ouverneur ▁Morris , ▁and ▁highly ▁educated ▁and ▁respect ed ▁in ▁her ▁own ▁right , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁published ▁in ▁D enn ie ' s ▁Port ▁Fol io . ▁The ▁couple ▁ultimately ▁had ▁eleven ▁children . ▁William ▁T uck ey ▁Mer ed ith ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Common ▁and ▁Select ▁Coun c ils , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁V est ry ▁of ▁Christ ▁Epis cop al ▁Church , ▁among ▁other ▁leadership ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁His ▁brother ▁Jonathan ▁Mer ed ith ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 7 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Bar ▁in ▁Baltimore , ▁Maryland . ▁ ▁William ▁M . ▁Mer ed ith ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 2 ▁( grad u ation ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 3 ▁not ▁being ▁unusual ▁at |
▁the ▁time ). ▁After ▁assist ing ▁his ▁father ▁in ▁the ▁family ' s ▁s add l ery ▁business , ▁he ▁read ▁law , ▁and ▁was ▁himself ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Bar . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁mother ' s ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 8 , ▁William ▁Morris ▁Mer ed ith ▁helped ▁raise ▁his ▁younger ▁sib lings . ▁On ▁June ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 3 4 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 3 5 ▁and ▁after ▁a ▁ten - year ▁eng agement , ▁Mer ed ith ▁married ▁the ▁former ▁Catherine ▁Ke ppe le ▁( d . ▁ 1 8 5 4 ). ▁They ▁had ▁one ▁son ▁( Will iam , ▁b . ▁ 1 8 3 8 , ▁later ▁a ▁published ▁ess ay ist ▁and ▁poet ) ▁and ▁four ▁daughters : ▁Ger tr ude ▁G ouverneur ▁Mer ed ith , ▁Eu ph emia ▁Og den ▁Mer ed ith , ▁Elizabeth ▁C ald well ▁Mer ed ith , ▁Catherine ▁Ke ppe le ▁Mer ed ith . ▁Catherine ▁Mer ed ith ▁also ▁helped ▁care ▁for ▁her ▁husband ' s ▁sib lings , ▁and ▁his ▁father ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁disabled ▁by ▁a ▁stroke ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 9 . ▁ ▁Career ▁Mer ed ith ▁was ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁bar ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 7 , ▁and ▁began ▁pract icing ▁law . ▁He ▁drew ▁considerable ▁public ▁attention , ▁as ▁did ▁his ▁slightly ▁senior ▁colle ague ▁James ▁C . ▁B iddle ▁( l ater ▁his ▁brother - in - law ), ▁by ▁question |
ing ▁the ▁conduct ▁of ▁Judge ▁Frank ▁Hall ow ell ▁in ▁Commonwealth ▁v . ▁Cook , ▁a ▁murder ▁case ▁in ▁which ▁three ▁black ▁men ▁were ▁charged ▁with ▁killing ▁a ▁boy . ▁During ▁the ▁j ury ' s ▁deliber ation , ▁the ▁American ▁Daily ▁Ad vert iser ▁published ▁an ▁article ▁which ▁defense ▁coun sel ▁thought ▁highly ▁bi ased . ▁The ▁judge ▁allowed ▁coun sel ▁to ▁question ▁jur ors ▁as ▁to ▁whether ▁they ▁read ▁the ▁article , ▁and ▁when ▁the ▁judge ▁refused ▁to ▁dismiss ▁a ▁jur or ▁who ▁said ▁he ▁was ▁off ended ▁by ▁Mer ed ith ' s ▁question ing , ▁compla ined ▁such ▁that ▁the ▁judge ▁held ▁both ▁law y ers ▁in ▁cont empt ▁of ▁court ▁and ▁ordered ▁them ▁ja iled ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁days , ▁despite ▁considerable ▁public ▁sympathy . ▁Upon ▁their ▁release , ▁they ▁secured ▁release ▁of ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁prisoners ▁in ▁an ▁appeal ▁on ▁double ▁je op ard y ▁grounds . ▁This ▁gained ▁Mer ed ith ▁a ▁reputation ▁for ▁fear less ness ▁and ▁inf lex ible ▁hon esty , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Bar ▁Association ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁ ▁A ▁Federal ist , ▁Mer ed ith ▁was ▁then ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁General ▁Assembly , ▁where ▁he ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁minor ity ▁for ▁five ▁years , ▁from ▁ 1 8 2 4 ▁to ▁ 1 8 2 8 , ▁the ▁year ▁of ▁his ▁mother ' s ▁death ▁( d uring ▁which ▁his ▁father ▁was ▁gr ief - str icken ▁and ▁never ▁fully ▁recovered ). ▁One |
▁of ▁his ▁accomplish ments ▁was ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁House ▁of ▁Ref uge ▁for ▁ju ven ile ▁off enders , ▁and ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁that ▁institution ' s ▁manager , ▁and ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Institution ▁for ▁the ▁De af ▁and ▁D umb , ▁in ▁which ▁capacity ▁he ▁continued ▁to ▁serve ▁for ▁many ▁years ▁until ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁Mer ed ith ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁City ▁Council ▁from ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁until ▁ 1 8 4 9 , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁delegate ▁to ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Constitution al ▁Convention ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 7 . ▁Mer ed ith ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ▁for ▁the ▁Eastern ▁District ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁from ▁ 1 8 4 1 ▁to ▁ 1 8 4 5 . ▁During ▁that ▁time , ▁he ▁pro sec uted ▁Alexander ▁Hol mes ▁for ▁m ans la ugh ter ▁in ▁the ▁William ▁Brown ▁case . ▁ ▁A ▁successful ▁att orney , ▁particularly ▁after ▁he ▁secured ▁term ination ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁Luther an ▁Church ' s ▁inter ment ▁rights ▁in ▁Franklin ▁Square ▁in ▁Commonwealth ▁v . ▁All my er , ▁Mer ed ith ▁owned ▁the ▁Whe at land ▁Est ate ▁in ▁Lanc aster , ▁Pennsylvania ▁from ▁May ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁until ▁December ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁before ▁s elling ▁it ▁to ▁future ▁President ▁James ▁Buch an an . ▁ ▁President ▁Zach ary ▁Taylor , ▁wanting ▁a ▁Pennsylvania ▁Wh ig ▁for ▁his ▁cabinet , ▁appointed ▁William ▁M . ▁Mer ed ith ▁to ▁be ▁the |
▁ 1 9 th ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury . ▁He ▁began ▁his ▁term ▁in ▁office ▁on ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 8 4 9 . ▁ ▁Mer ed ith ▁strongly ▁opposed ▁the ▁free ▁trade ▁legisl ation ▁passed ▁the ▁year ▁before ▁under ▁his ▁prede cess or ▁Robert ▁J . ▁Walker . ▁He ▁felt ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁need ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁American ▁work man , ▁who ▁was ▁subject ▁to ▁competition ▁from ▁poor ly ▁paid ▁European ▁labor . ▁Mer ed ith ' s ▁principal ▁contribution ▁in ▁office ▁was ▁his ▁Ann ual ▁Report ▁of ▁ 1 8 4 9 ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁set ▁forth ▁an ▁elaborate ▁argument ▁for ▁a ▁protect ive ▁tar iff . ▁ ▁The ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁public ▁deb t ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁Mexican – American ▁War ▁and ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁California ▁gave ▁Mer ed ith ▁additional ▁argument ▁for ▁raising ▁re venue ▁through ▁higher ▁import ▁duties , ▁but ▁no ▁action ▁was ▁taken ▁on ▁the ▁tar iff ▁during ▁Mer ed ith ' s ▁term . ▁He ▁also ▁recommended ▁a ▁revision ▁of ▁the ▁Coast ▁Survey ▁Code , ▁which ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁changed ▁since ▁its ▁implementation ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 6 . ▁The ▁Coast ▁Survey ▁had ▁seen ▁great ▁expansion ▁and ▁improvement ▁with ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁steam ▁power ed ▁ships ▁and ▁was ▁in ▁need ▁of ▁revision . ▁Mer ed ith ▁res igned ▁from ▁his ▁office ▁as ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury , ▁upon ▁President ▁Taylor ' s ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 0 . ▁ ▁Civil ▁War ▁and ▁later ▁legal ▁career |
▁Mer ed ith ▁was ▁elected ▁Pennsylvania ' s ▁att orney ▁general ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁election , ▁and ▁served ▁for ▁two ▁terms ▁( from ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁until ▁ 1 8 6 7 ). ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁as ▁a ▁delegate ▁to ▁a ▁Peace ▁Conference , ▁he ▁worked ▁un success fully ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁southern ▁states ▁from ▁se ced ing ▁from ▁the ▁Union . ▁His ▁brother ▁S ull ivan ▁Am ory ▁Mer ed ith ▁had ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Mexican ▁War , ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁of ▁Union ▁Vol unte ers , ▁commission ed ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁and ▁the ▁brothers ▁helped ▁ass ure ▁Pennsylvania ▁met ▁its ▁qu ota ▁of ▁troops . ▁His ▁son ▁William ▁served ▁for ▁a ▁brief ▁period ▁as ▁secretary ▁to ▁Major ▁General ▁George ▁A . ▁Mc Call , ▁but ▁his ▁st utter ▁and ▁problems ▁with ▁cat ar act s ▁caused ▁him ▁to ▁res ign ▁that ▁position . ▁ ▁William ▁Mer ed ith ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁commission ▁working ▁out ▁the ▁settlement ▁of ▁the ▁Alabama ▁claims , ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁President ▁U ly ss es ▁Grant ▁asked ▁Mer ed ith ▁to ▁travel ▁to ▁Gene va ▁as ▁senior ▁coun sel ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁an ▁international ▁arbitr ation ▁proceed ing , ▁but ▁he ▁decl ined ▁the ▁position ▁due ▁to ▁ill ▁health . ▁His ▁last ▁political ▁post ▁was ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁Republican |
▁National ▁Convention . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁Mer ed ith ▁died ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 8 7 3 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 7 4 . ▁ ▁His ▁wife , ▁Catherine ▁had ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 . ▁Both ▁are ▁inter red ▁at ▁the ▁Christ ▁Church ▁Bur ial ▁Gr ound ▁in ▁Philadelphia . ▁ ▁The ▁Historical ▁Society ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁holds ▁the ▁Mer ed ith ▁family ▁papers . ▁A ▁Philadelphia ▁school ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁his ▁honor ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁and ▁remains ▁active ▁today . ▁ ▁Mer ed ith ▁received ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁two ▁ 1 8 4 9 ▁Double ▁E ag les ▁while ▁serving ▁as ▁Tre as ury ▁Secretary . ▁That ▁ 1 8 4 9 ▁Double ▁E agle ▁is ▁a ▁pattern ▁coin . ▁The ▁other ▁coin ▁is ▁on ▁display ▁at ▁the ▁Smith son ian ▁Institution . ▁The ▁coin ▁was ▁au ction ed ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁estate ▁but ▁its ▁subsequent ▁where about s ▁are ▁unknown . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Bi ographical ▁sketch ▁of ▁William ▁M ▁Mer ed ith , ▁The ▁American ▁Law ▁Register , ▁Vol . ▁ 5 5 , ▁No . ▁ 4 , ▁A pr ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁ ▁The ▁Mer ed ith ▁Family ▁Pap ers , ▁including ▁William ▁M . ▁Mer ed ith ' s ▁political ▁correspond ence , ▁civ ic ▁papers ▁and ▁legal ▁case ▁files , ▁are ▁available ▁for ▁research ▁use ▁at ▁the ▁Historical ▁Society ▁of ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 9 9 |
▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 7 3 ▁death s ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Secret aries ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury ▁Category : P en nsylvan ia ▁Att or ne ys ▁General ▁Category : Ph il adel phia ▁City ▁Council ▁members ▁Category : P en nsylvan ia ▁law y ers ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Wel sh ▁descent ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Att or ne ys ▁for ▁the ▁Eastern ▁District ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : P en nsylvan ia ▁Wh igs ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁Law ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : T aylor ▁administration ▁cabinet ▁members <0x0A> </s> ▁Dem and ▁reduction ▁refers ▁to ▁efforts ▁aim ed ▁at ▁reducing ▁the ▁public ▁desire ▁for ▁illegal ▁and ▁ill ic it ▁dru gs . ▁The ▁drug ▁policy ▁is ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁reduction ▁of ▁drug ▁supply , ▁but ▁the ▁two ▁policies ▁are ▁often ▁implemented ▁together . ▁Some ▁discuss ions ▁of ▁demand ▁reduction ▁make ▁a ▁distinction ▁between ▁policies ▁that ▁address ▁single ▁issues ▁( such ▁as ▁public ▁" know ledge - of - har ms ") ▁or ▁are ▁short - term ▁inter vent ions ( in - school ▁programs ), ▁and ▁those ▁that ▁approach ▁drug ▁demand ▁as ▁a ▁complex ▁issue ▁with ▁multiple ▁social ▁risk ▁factors . ▁Some ▁econom ists ▁such ▁as ▁Mil ton ▁Fried man ▁argue ▁that ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁supply ▁and ▁demand , ▁reducing ▁demand ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁effective ▁way ▁to ▁reduce ▁drug ▁use ▁long - term . ▁It ▁is ▁question able |
, ▁however , ▁whether ▁demand ▁reduction ▁programs ▁actually ▁reduce ▁demand . ▁ ▁Im plementation ▁examples ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Canada ▁implemented ▁new ▁color ▁graph ic ▁dep ict ions ▁of ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁sm oking , ▁mand ating ▁that ▁they ▁cover ▁ 7 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁front ▁and ▁back ▁of ▁ ▁each ▁cart on , ▁health ▁information ▁messages ▁on ▁the ▁inside ▁of ▁the ▁pack , ▁and ▁to xic ▁em issions ▁statements . ▁Each ▁to b acco ▁product ▁features ▁one ▁such ▁image ▁from ▁a ▁series , ▁which ▁includes ▁people ▁dying ▁in ▁hosp it als , ▁ro tt ing ▁mouth s , ▁and ▁disse cted ▁body ▁parts ▁dep ict ing ▁tum ors , ▁along ▁with ▁simple ▁bold ▁messages ▁stating ▁that ▁c igare tt es ▁cause ▁cancer , ▁mouth ▁disease , ▁imp ot ence , ▁and ▁harm ▁b ab ies . ▁International ▁research ▁supports ▁the ▁effic acy ▁of ▁such ▁warning ▁messages . ▁ ▁Other ▁examples ▁of ▁demand ▁reduction ▁programs ▁include ▁D . A . R . E ., ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Mont ana ' s ▁Not ▁Even ▁Once ., ▁and ▁the ▁drug ▁policy ▁of ▁Sweden . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Arg uments ▁for ▁and ▁against ▁drug ▁prohib ition ▁D rug ▁policy ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Self - med ic ation ▁Supp ly ▁and ▁demand ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : D rug ▁control ▁law <0x0A> </s> ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁( J U ), ▁formerly ▁H ög sk olan ▁i ▁J ön kö ping ▁is ▁a ▁non - g overn ment |
al ▁Swedish ▁university ▁college ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁J ön kö ping ▁in ▁Sm å land , ▁Sweden . ▁ ▁J U ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁University ▁Association ▁( E U A ) ▁and ▁The ▁Association ▁of ▁Swedish ▁High er ▁Education , ▁SU H F . ▁ ▁Organ ization ▁ ▁J U ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁Swedish ▁private ▁institutions ▁of ▁higher ▁education ▁with ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁award ▁doctor al ▁degrees ▁in ▁certain ▁areas ▁such ▁as ▁social ▁sciences . ▁J U ▁oper ates ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁Sweden ▁and ▁con forms ▁to ▁national ▁degree ▁reg ulations ▁and ▁quality ▁requirements . ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁organized ▁as ▁a ▁corpor ate ▁group ▁with ▁non - pro fit ▁J U ▁Foundation ▁as ▁the ▁parent ▁organization ▁and ▁five ▁wh olly ▁owned ▁subs idi aries . ▁ ▁Name ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁college ▁titles ▁itself ▁as ▁' J ön kö ping ▁University ' ▁in ▁official ▁Swedish ▁texts , ▁a ▁decision ▁which ▁met ▁criticism ▁in ▁Sweden , ▁in ▁part ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁perce ived ▁as ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁profile ▁the ▁college ▁as ▁having ▁full ▁university ▁status . ▁The ▁name ▁change ▁was ▁reported ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁by ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Language ▁Council ▁(' S pr åk rå det ') ▁to ▁the ▁Parliament ary ▁O mb ud s man ▁(' Just itie omb ud s man '), ▁which ▁chose ▁not ▁to ▁set ▁the ▁matter ▁to ▁trial . ▁The ▁college ▁respond ed ▁with ▁a ▁statement ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁ordinary ▁in ▁an |
▁international ▁context ▁to ▁profile ▁itself ▁as ▁' Univers ity '. ▁ ▁School s ▁▁ ▁J U ▁conduct s ▁research ▁and ▁offers ▁under grad uate ▁studies , ▁gradu ate ▁studies , ▁doctor al ▁studies ▁and ▁contract ▁education ▁through ▁four ▁schools : ▁▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School ▁( J IB S ) ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁Education ▁and ▁Communic ation ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁School ▁of ▁Engineering ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁Health ▁and ▁W elf are ▁ ▁Camp us ▁ ▁The ▁J U ▁Camp us ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁centre ▁of ▁J ön kö ping , ▁on ▁the ▁western ▁shore ▁of ▁the ▁lake ▁Mun ks jön ▁and ▁not ▁far ▁from ▁the ▁south ▁shore ▁of ▁the ▁lake ▁V ät tern , ▁about ▁five ▁minutes ▁walk ▁from ▁the ▁Central ▁Station . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ 1 8 9 7 : ▁The ▁first ▁n urs ing ▁students ▁received ▁their ▁degree ▁qual ifications ▁in ▁J ön kö ping ▁by ▁J ön kö ping ▁County . ▁▁ 1 9 4 7 : ▁An ▁elementary - school ▁teacher ' s ▁training ▁college ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁J ön kö ping . ▁▁ 1 9 6 3 : ▁A ▁pre - school ▁teacher ' s ▁training ▁college ▁started ▁in ▁J ön kö ping . ▁▁ 1 9 6 8 : ▁The ▁elementary - school ▁teacher ' s ▁training ▁college ▁becomes ▁" J ön kö ping ▁Te acher ▁School " ▁and ▁moves ▁house ▁to ▁V ä stra ▁Tor get . ▁The ▁county ' s ▁central ▁school ▁for ▁the ▁car ing ▁profession ▁moves |
▁to ▁new ▁prem ises ▁on ▁Mun ks jö ▁beach ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁changes ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁" M unks jö ▁School ". ▁▁ 1 9 7 0 : ▁The ▁Institute ▁for ▁Ger ont ology ▁and ▁the ▁" O rt os " ▁Labor atory ▁were ▁started ▁by ▁J ön kö ping ▁County , ▁they ▁later ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Health ▁Sciences . ▁▁ 1 9 7 5 : ▁High er ▁V oc ational ▁Education ▁started ▁in ▁J ön kö ping . ▁▁ 1 9 7 7 : ▁Reform ▁of ▁Swedish ▁higher ▁education . ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁College ▁is ▁set ▁up ▁as ▁a ▁state ▁university ▁college . ▁The ▁" J ön kö ping ▁Te acher ▁School " ▁and ▁the ▁pre - school ▁teacher ' s ▁training ▁college ▁merged ▁into ▁the ▁university . ▁A ▁two - year ▁economic ▁education ▁started , ▁become ▁three - year ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁The ▁Communic ation ▁Officer ▁( In format ör ) ▁programme ▁started ▁this ▁year , ▁it ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁Media ▁and ▁Communic ation ▁programme . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁car ing ▁program mes ▁at ▁the ▁Mun ks jö ▁School ▁become ▁university ▁program mes . ▁▁ 1 9 7 9 : ▁First ▁international ▁student ▁exchange ; ▁teacher ▁training ▁in ▁Liverpool . ▁▁ 1 9 8 1 : ▁Single ▁subject ▁courses ▁re located ▁to ▁the ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁the ▁county . ▁▁ 1 9 8 3 : ▁The ▁Mun ks jö ▁School ▁starts ▁a ▁Pro st het ics ▁and ▁Orth |
ot ics ▁programme , ▁focus : ▁orth op edic ▁techn ician , ▁which ▁is ▁still ▁now ▁the ▁only ▁in ▁its ▁kind ▁in ▁Sweden . ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 : ▁The ▁Mun ks jö ▁School ' s ▁university ▁educ ations ▁within ▁the ▁health ▁sector ▁are ▁renamed ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Health ▁Sciences . ▁▁ 1 9 8 8 : ▁First ▁engineering ▁programme ▁starts ▁at ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁College . ▁▁ 1 9 9 4 : ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁Foundation ▁was ▁founded , ▁with ▁three ▁schools ; ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Education ▁and ▁Communic ation , ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Engineering ▁and ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁University ▁Services . ▁A ▁joint ▁fac ulty ▁for ▁the ▁three ▁schools ▁is ▁founded ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁right ▁to ▁award ▁master ' s ▁degrees ▁are ▁given ▁to ▁J ön kö ping ▁University . ▁Host ▁company ▁activities ▁start ▁at ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School ▁and ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Engineering . ▁▁ 1 9 9 5 : ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁is ▁given ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁award ▁doctor ates ▁in ▁four ▁business ▁school ▁subjects . ▁Research ▁education ▁is ▁started ▁at ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School . ▁▁ 1 9 9 6 : ▁The ▁first ▁profess ors ' ▁inaug uration ▁at ▁J ön kö ping ▁University . ▁Organ ized ▁support ▁for ▁student ▁business ▁vent ures ▁is ▁started ▁by ▁two ▁students . ▁▁ 1 9 9 7 : ▁The ▁new ▁campus ▁is ▁opened ▁( Stage ▁I ) ▁which ▁includes ▁the ▁President |
' s ▁Office , ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School ▁and ▁University ▁Services . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Engineering ▁moves ▁to ▁campus . ▁First ▁doctor al ▁th esis ▁defence . ▁ 1 9 9 9 : ▁First ▁confer ment ▁of ▁doctor al ▁degree ▁at ▁J ön kö ping ▁University . ▁The ▁School ▁of ▁Health ▁Sciences ▁is ▁given ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁award ▁degrees ▁in ▁Social ▁Science . ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 : ▁The ▁School ▁of ▁Education ▁and ▁Communic ation ' s ▁new ▁building ▁stands ▁ready ▁( Stage ▁II ). ▁▁ 2 0 0 1 : ▁Education ▁in ▁voc ational ▁education ▁is ▁started ▁at ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Education ▁and ▁Communic ation . ▁Science ▁Park ▁J ön kö ping ▁opens ▁near ▁the ▁university ▁and ▁takes ▁over , ▁among ▁other ▁things , ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁student ▁enter pr ises . ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 : ▁The ▁School ▁of ▁Health ▁Sciences ▁becomes ▁the ▁fourth ▁school ▁within ▁J ön kö ping ▁University . ▁The ▁Stud ents ' ▁House ▁is ▁opened . ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 : ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁given ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁award ▁doctor ates ▁within ▁the ▁ ▁Human ities ▁and ▁Social ▁Sciences . ▁First ▁international ▁scientific ▁magazine ▁published ▁in ▁J ön kö ping , ▁the ▁Journal ▁of ▁Media ▁Business ▁Studies . ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 : ▁The ▁University ▁Library ▁is ▁named ▁Library ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁in ▁Sweden . ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 : ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁In gen jör sh ög |
sk olan ▁( the ▁School ▁of ▁Engineering ) ▁is ▁re organ ized ▁as ▁T ek nis ka ▁H ög sk olan ▁i ▁J ön kö ping ▁( J TH ). ▁The ▁name ▁is ▁not ▁changed ▁in ▁English . ▁A ▁long ▁term ▁collaboration ▁with ▁Chal mers ▁and ▁K TH ▁( The ▁Royal ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ) ▁is ▁set ▁up . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 : ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁given ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁award ▁Lic enti ate ▁and ▁Doctor al ▁D eg rees ▁in ▁Engineering , ▁research ▁area : ▁Indust rial ▁Production , ▁Machine ▁design , ▁Material ▁and ▁manufact uring ▁processes , ▁and ▁Production ▁systems . ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 : ▁The ▁first ▁fee - pay ing ▁international ▁students ▁from ▁countries ▁outside ▁the ▁EU / EE A ▁are ▁wel com ed ▁to ▁J ön kö ping ▁University . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 : ▁The ▁university ’ s ▁sports ▁centre , ▁Camp us ▁Arena , ▁is ▁inaugur ated . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 : ▁As ▁the ▁first ▁business ▁fac ulty ▁in ▁Sweden , ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School ▁received ▁both ▁A AC SB ▁and ▁E Q UI S ▁acc red itation . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁offers ▁courses ▁and ▁study ▁program mes ▁taught ▁in ▁Swedish ▁and ▁in ▁English . ▁Education ▁is ▁within ▁the ▁fields ▁of ▁health , ▁n urs ing , ▁social ▁work , ▁education , ▁media ▁and ▁communication ▁studies , ▁technology , ▁science ▁and ▁engineering ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁econom ics , ▁law ▁and ▁inform at |
ics . ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁offers ▁courses ▁and ▁study ▁program mes ▁taught ▁in ▁English ▁on ▁all ▁three ▁levels : ▁Bach elor , ▁Master ▁and ▁Doctor al . ▁ ▁Acc red itations ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School ▁is ▁acc red ited ▁by ▁E Q UI S ▁( Europe an ▁Qu ality ▁Im prov ement ▁System ) ▁and ▁A AC SB ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁institution ▁in ▁Sweden ▁that ▁holds ▁both ▁acc red itations . ▁ ▁Doctor al ▁program mes ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁is ▁entitled ▁to ▁award ▁lic enti ate ▁and ▁doctor al ▁degrees ▁within ▁the ▁human ities ▁and ▁social ▁sciences . ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁also ▁entitled ▁to ▁award ▁lic enti ate ▁and ▁doctor al ▁degrees ▁in ▁engineering , ▁research ▁area : ▁industrial ▁production . ▁ ▁Research ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁entitled ▁to ▁issue ▁lic enti ate ▁and ▁doctor al ▁degrees ▁in ▁the ▁discipl inary ▁research ▁domain ▁of ▁human ities ▁and ▁social ▁sciences . ▁Within ▁technology , ▁the ▁university ▁can ▁issue ▁lic enti ate ▁and ▁doctor al ▁degrees ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁industrial ▁product ▁development . ▁F ocus ▁for ▁research ▁is ▁entrepr ene ur ship , ▁ownership ▁and ▁business ▁renew al , ▁technical ▁expert ise ▁and ▁know - how ▁to ▁small - ▁and ▁medium - s ized ▁enter pr ises , ▁the ▁conditions ▁for ▁education ▁and ▁communication , ▁and ▁health , ▁care ▁and ▁social ▁work ▁from ▁a ▁unique ▁hol istic ▁perspective . ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ' s ▁first |
▁full ▁profess ors ▁were ▁inaugur ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Ph D s ▁were ▁con ferred ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Research ▁cent res ▁and ▁instit utes ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁International ▁Business ▁School : ▁ ▁Centre ▁for ▁Family ▁Entre pr ene ur ship ▁and ▁O wn ership ▁( C e FE O ) ▁ ▁Centre ▁for ▁Entre pr ene ur ship ▁and ▁Sp atial ▁Econom ics ▁( C En SE ) ▁ ▁Media ▁Management ▁and ▁Trans formation ▁Centre ▁( MM T ▁Centre ) ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁Education ▁and ▁Communic ation : ▁ ▁En cell ▁- ▁National ▁Centre ▁for ▁L if el ong ▁Learning ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁Engineering : ▁ ▁C IC ▁- ▁Cast ing ▁In nov ation ▁Centre ▁ ▁Ce eb el ▁- ▁Cent rum ▁för ▁Ener gie ffe ktiv ▁B ely s ning ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁Health ▁Sciences : ▁ ▁Centre ▁for ▁Or al ▁Health ▁ ▁The ▁J ön kö ping ▁Academy ▁for ▁Im prov ement ▁of ▁Health ▁and ▁W elf are ▁ ▁Honor ary ▁do ctors ▁ ▁Science ▁Park ▁J ön kö ping ▁ ▁J U ▁is ▁partner ▁of ▁and ▁strongly ▁engaged ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁Science ▁Park ▁J ön kö ping ▁which ▁provides ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁start - up , ▁development ▁and ▁growth ▁of ▁business ▁vent ures . ▁Science ▁Park ▁J ön kö ping ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Si SP - ▁Swedish ▁Inc ub ators ▁and ▁Science ▁Park s ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁colleg es ▁and ▁univers |
ities ▁in ▁Sweden ▁University ▁of ▁Goth enburg ▁Lund ▁University ▁Stockholm ▁University ▁U pp s ala ▁University ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁- ▁Official ▁site ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁Library ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁Student ▁Union ▁ ▁Science ▁Park ▁J ön kö ping ▁ ▁J ön kö ping ▁University ▁Foundation ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Category : Private ▁univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁in ▁Europe <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁United ▁States ▁president ial ▁election ▁in ▁Georgia ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁November ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁wider ▁United ▁States ▁President ial ▁election . ▁V ot ers ▁chose ▁ 1 4 ▁represent atives , ▁or ▁elect ors , ▁to ▁the ▁Elect oral ▁College , ▁who ▁voted ▁for ▁president ▁and ▁vice ▁president . ▁ ▁Background ▁With ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁a ▁hand ful ▁of ▁histor ically ▁Union ist ▁North ▁Georgia ▁count ies ▁– ▁chief ly ▁F ann in ▁but ▁also ▁to ▁a ▁less er ▁extent ▁Pick ens , ▁Gil mer ▁and ▁Town s ▁– ▁Georgia ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁one - party ▁state ▁domin ated ▁by ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Party . ▁Dis f ranch is ement ▁of ▁almost ▁all ▁African - Amer icans ▁and ▁most ▁poor ▁whites ▁had ▁made ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party ▁virt ually ▁none x istent ▁outside ▁of ▁local ▁govern ments ▁in ▁those ▁few ▁hill ▁count ies , ▁and ▁the ▁national |
▁Democratic ▁Party ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁guard ian ▁of ▁white ▁supre m acy ▁against ▁a ▁Republican ▁Party ▁histor ically ▁associated ▁with ▁mem ories ▁of ▁Re const ruction . ▁The ▁only ▁compet itive ▁elections ▁were ▁Democratic ▁prim aries , ▁which ▁state ▁laws ▁restricted ▁to ▁whites ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁of ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁being ▁leg ally ▁a ▁private ▁club . ▁ ▁V ote ▁The ▁Davis / B ry an ▁ticket ▁carried ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Georgia ▁on ▁election ▁day . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Georgia ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁Category : 1 9 2 4 ▁Georgia ▁( U . S . ▁state ) ▁elections <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Buck nell ▁B ison ▁men ' s ▁lac ros se ▁team ▁represents ▁Buck nell ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁Patri ot ▁League ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Colleg iate ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁( N CAA ) ▁Division ▁I ▁men ' s ▁lac ros se . ▁Buck nell ▁has ▁played ▁lac ros se ▁at ▁the ▁vars ity ▁level ▁since ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Buck nell ▁lac ros se ▁team ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Mid - American ▁Conference ▁( MA C ). ▁They ▁went ▁ 6 - 3 ▁that ▁year ▁and ▁und efe ated ▁in ▁conference . ▁ ▁They ▁won ▁the ▁MAC ▁title ▁the ▁next ▁year . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁they ▁joined ▁the ▁East ▁Coast ▁Conference , ▁which ▁they ▁won ▁twice , ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 |
5 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁they ▁joined ▁the ▁Patri ot ▁League . ▁They ▁have ▁won ▁the ▁Patri ot ▁League ▁regular ▁season ▁title ▁nine ▁times , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁they ▁played ▁in ▁their ▁first ▁NCAA ▁tournament ▁game , ▁which ▁Notre ▁D ame ▁won ▁ 1 2 - 7 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁only ▁coach ▁they ▁had ▁ever ▁had , ▁Sid ▁Jam ies on , ▁retired . ▁He ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁Frank ▁Fed or j aka , ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁their ▁coach ▁ever ▁since . ▁They ▁won ▁their ▁only ▁Patri ot ▁League ▁championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁defe ating ▁Col gate ▁University ▁ 1 0 - 3 . ▁ ▁They ▁reached ▁their ▁second ▁ever ▁NCAA ▁lac ros se ▁tournament ▁game ▁that ▁year , ▁which ▁they ▁lost ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Virginia ▁ 1 3 - 1 2 ▁in ▁over time . ▁ ▁They ▁currently ▁comp ete ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Patri ot ▁League ▁and ▁play ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁in ▁Lewis burg , ▁Pennsylvania ▁at ▁Christ y ▁Mat hew son - Mem orial ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁Season ▁Results ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁list |
▁of ▁Buck nell ’ s ▁results ▁by ▁season ▁since ▁the ▁institution ▁of ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 : ▁ ▁{ | ▁class =" wik itable " ▁ ▁| - ▁align =" center " ▁ ▁† N CAA ▁can ce led ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁colleg iate ▁activities ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁COVID - 1 9 ▁virus . ▁ ▁Buck nell ▁Lac ros se ▁Hall ▁Of ▁Fame ▁James ▁W . ▁McK ee , ▁M ▁ ▁C . ▁Ed win ▁Far ver , ▁M ▁ ▁Louis ▁L . ▁K iss ling , ▁Jr ., ▁A ▁ ▁Ralph ▁Tur ri , ▁M ▁▁ ▁Thomas ▁H . ▁Sand ers , ▁G ▁ ▁Peter ▁W . ▁von ▁Hoff man , ▁A ▁ ▁Rod ney ▁Brown , ▁M / D ▁ ▁Thomas ▁E . ▁C us ick , ▁A ▁ ▁Justin ▁W . ▁Z ack ey , ▁A ▁ ▁Hugh ▁Don ovan , ▁D ▁ ▁Chris ▁Car a , ▁A ▁ ▁Sid ▁Jam ies on , ▁Co ach ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Buck nell ▁B ison ▁ ▁Lac ros se ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁ ▁Sid ▁Jam ies on ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁Bi ath lon ▁World ▁Cup ▁– ▁World ▁Cup ▁ 7 ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁P ye ong ch ang , ▁South ▁Korea , ▁from ▁ 2 ▁March ▁until ▁ 5 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁of ▁events ▁ ▁Medal ▁w inners ▁ ▁Men ▁ ▁Women ▁ |
▁Ach iev ements ▁▁ ▁Best ▁performance ▁for ▁all ▁time ▁▁ ▁, ▁ 1 3 th ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁ ▁, ▁ 1 9 th ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁ ▁, ▁ 3 0 th ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁and ▁ 1 8 th ▁in ▁P urs uit ▁ ▁, ▁ 6 1 st ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁ ▁, ▁ 4 5 th ▁place ▁in ▁P urs uit ▁▁ ▁, ▁ 1 7 th ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁ ▁, ▁ 5 0 th ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁▁ ▁First ▁World ▁Cup ▁race ▁▁ ▁, ▁ 9 9 th ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁▁ ▁, ▁ 6 4 th ▁place ▁in ▁S print ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁Bi ath lon ▁World ▁Cup ▁Bi ath lon ▁World ▁Cup ▁Bi ath lon ▁World ▁Cup ▁Category : S port ▁in ▁P ye ong ch ang ▁County ▁Category : Bi ath lon ▁compet itions ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁Bi ath lon <0x0A> </s> ▁Christopher ▁Philip ▁James ▁El more ▁( born ▁ 2 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Wel sh ▁Labour ▁Party ▁politician . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁( MP ) ▁for ▁Og more ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁career ▁El more ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁New port , ▁Wales . ▁Living ▁in ▁Bry n ma wr ▁until ▁he ▁was ▁seven , ▁he ▁now ▁lives ▁with ▁his ▁partner ▁in ▁Pen co ed . ▁ ▁He ▁started |
▁his ▁working ▁life ▁as ▁a ▁tra ine e ▁but cher ▁and ▁later ▁attended ▁Card iff ▁Metropolitan ▁University ▁comple ting ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁History ▁and ▁Culture ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁El more ▁then ▁worked ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁prof essions ▁including ▁Further ▁education . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁El more ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁a ▁Coun c ill or ▁for ▁Cast eland ▁in ▁the ▁V ale ▁of ▁G lam organ ▁Council . ▁Later ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁a ▁cabinet ▁member ▁for ▁children ' s ▁services ▁and ▁schools . ▁ ▁Parliament ary ▁career ▁El more ▁un success fully ▁cont ested ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁V ale ▁of ▁G lam organ ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁general ▁election ▁before ▁being ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁Labour ▁candidate ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Og more ▁by - e lection , ▁which ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁El more ▁was ▁joined ▁the ▁Justice ▁Select ▁Committee ▁before ▁also ▁joining ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁Affairs ▁Select ▁Committee ▁in ▁July . ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁front ben ch ▁position ▁of ▁O pp osition ▁wh ip . ▁ ▁He ▁supported ▁O wen ▁Smith ▁in ▁the ▁failed ▁attempt ▁to ▁replace ▁Jer emy ▁Cor b yn ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Labour ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁leadership ▁election . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁El |
more ▁was ▁made ▁Sh adow ▁Minister ▁for ▁Scotland ▁by ▁new ▁leader ▁Ke ir ▁Star mer . ▁ ▁Youth ▁affairs ▁Since ▁his ▁election , ▁Chris ▁has ▁particularly ▁focused ▁on ▁issues ▁that ▁impact ▁young ▁people , ▁often ▁speaking ▁in ▁parliament ▁and ▁elsewhere ▁on ▁the ▁subject . ▁Youth ▁eng agement ▁is ▁an ▁issue ▁on ▁which ▁El more ▁previously ▁campaign ed ▁as ▁a ▁coun c ill or . ▁ ▁Rail ▁Policy ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Chris ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁Chair ▁of ▁the ▁All - Part y ▁Parliament ary ▁Group ▁on ▁Rail ▁in ▁Wales . ▁Chris ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁vocal ▁oppon ent ▁of ▁the ▁Government ' s ▁decision ▁to ▁cancel ▁the ▁planned ▁elect r ification ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁Western ▁Main line . ▁In ▁addition , ▁he ▁has ▁also ▁campaign ed ▁on ▁issues ▁including ▁passenger ▁safety . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Card iff ▁Metropolitan ▁University ▁Category : Wel sh ▁Labour ▁Party ▁MP s ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 2 0 1 7 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 2 0 1 9 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 2 0 1 9 – ▁Category : Wel sh ▁Labour ▁coun c ill ors ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Br id g end ▁County ▁Bor ough <0x0A> </s> ▁B ett ini ▁is ▁a ▁surname ▁of |
▁Italian ▁origin ▁and ▁it ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Aless andro ▁B ett ini ▁( 1 8 2 1 - 1 8 9 8 ), ▁Italian ▁ten or ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁legal ▁case ▁of ▁B ett ini ▁v ▁G ye ▁Antonio ▁B ett ini ▁( 1 3 9 6 – 1 4 8 7 ), ▁Italian ▁cl erg yman ▁and ▁writer ▁Carlos ▁B ett ini ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 1 ), ▁Argent in ian ▁business man , ▁politician , ▁and ▁diplom at ▁D omen ico ▁B ett ini ▁( 1 6 4 4 - 1 7 0 5 ), ▁Italian ▁painter ▁of ▁the ▁Bar o que ▁era ▁Gian ni ▁B ett ini ▁( 1 8 6 0 – 1 9 3 8 ), ▁Italian - American ▁builder ▁of ▁ph on ograph s ▁Gonz alo ▁B ett ini ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 2 ), ▁Argent ine ▁footballer ▁Lorenzo ▁B ett ini ▁( 1 9 3 1 – 2 0 0 8 ), ▁Italian ▁professional ▁football ▁player ▁Mar iano ▁B ett ini ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 6 ), ▁Argent ine ▁professional ▁footballer ▁Mario ▁B ett ini ▁( 1 5 8 2 – 1 6 5 7 ), ▁Italian ▁Jes uit ▁phil os opher , ▁math ematic ian ▁and ▁astronom er ▁Paolo ▁B ett ini ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 4 ), ▁Italian ▁road - rac ing ▁b icy cl ist ▁Pietro ▁B ett ini ▁( fl . ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ), ▁Italian ▁eng ra ver |
▁of ▁the ▁Bar o que ▁era ▁Thomas ▁B ett ini , ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁American ▁rock ▁back ▁Jack yl ▁Z elia ▁Tre b elli - B ett ini ▁( 1 8 3 8 – 1 8 9 2 ), ▁French ▁opera ▁singer ▁ ▁Category : Ital ian - language ▁s urn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁Kos ze le wy ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Ry b no , ▁within ▁D ział d owo ▁County , ▁W arm ian - M as ur ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁northern ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁south - east ▁of ▁Ry b no , ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁D ział d owo , ▁and ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁O ls zt yn . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Kos ze le wy <0x0A> </s> ▁All es ley ▁Park ▁is ▁a ▁park ▁near ▁Cov entry , ▁West ▁Mid lands , ▁England . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁resident ial ▁sub urb ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁park , ▁which ▁is ▁approximately ▁ 2 . 7 5 ▁miles ▁north west ▁of ▁Cov entry ▁city ▁centre , ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁A 4 5 ▁Cov entry ▁by pass . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁park ▁was ▁originally ▁a ▁de er ▁park ▁laid ▁out ▁by ▁Henry ▁de ▁H ast ings ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁approximately ▁ 5 ▁times ▁larger ▁than ▁the ▁current ▁park . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁large ▁gentleman |
' s ▁farm ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ ▁which ▁was ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁church . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁it ▁was ▁bought ▁by ▁Cov entry ▁City ▁Council ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁preserved ▁as ▁a ▁public ▁park . ▁ ▁All es ley ▁Hall ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁hall , ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 7 th ▁century , ▁was ▁purchased ▁by ▁Thomas ▁W yles ▁and ▁was ▁established ▁as ▁All es ley ▁Park ▁College . ▁ ▁The ▁present ▁All es ley ▁Hall ▁is ▁a ▁m ansion ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁for ▁the ▁Il iffe ▁family . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁ret irement ▁home , ▁but ▁was ▁a ▁san ator ium ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Cov entry <0x0A> </s> ▁F ø yn o ▁is ▁an ▁island ▁in ▁St ord ▁municipality ▁in ▁V est land ▁county , ▁Norway . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁island ▁lies ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁St ord ▁at ▁the ▁southern ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Sto k ks und et ▁sound . ▁ ▁The ▁Dig ern ess und et ▁stra it ▁runs ▁between ▁St ord ▁and ▁this ▁island . ▁ ▁F ø yn o ▁had ▁a ▁central ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁S unn h ord land ▁during ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges , ▁and ▁gave ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁the ▁skip re ide ▁of ▁F ø yen . ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁The ▁island ▁had ▁no ▁road ▁connections ▁to ▁anywhere ▁prior ▁to ▁December |
▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁when ▁the ▁Tri angle ▁Link ▁was ▁opened . ▁ ▁F ø yn o ▁became ▁a ▁central ▁piece ▁of ▁the ▁bridge - t unnel ▁connection ▁connecting ▁the ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁St ord ▁and ▁B ø m lo ▁to ▁the ▁main land ▁of ▁S ve io ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁ ▁The ▁B ø m la f j ord ▁tunnel ▁heads ▁south ▁from ▁F ø yn o ▁to ▁S ve io ▁and ▁the ▁St ord ▁Bridge ▁goes ▁north ▁to ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁St ord . ▁ ▁A ▁short ▁bridge ▁from ▁F ø yn o ▁to ▁the ▁neighbor ing ▁island ▁of ▁N aut ø y ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁connect s ▁with ▁the ▁large ▁B ø m la ▁Bridge ▁which ▁finally ▁connect s ▁to ▁B ø m lo . ▁The ▁island ▁became ▁a ▁central ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁route ▁E 3 9 ▁highway ▁in ▁Western ▁Norway ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Tri angle ▁Link . ▁The ▁to ll ▁station ▁for ▁this ▁link ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁F ø yn o . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁islands ▁of ▁Norway ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Is lands ▁of ▁V est land ▁Category : St ord <0x0A> </s> ▁NA - 2 5 0 ▁( Kar achi ▁West - III ) ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁constitu ency ▁for ▁the ▁National ▁Assembly ▁of ▁Pakistan . ▁ ▁Area ▁The ▁constitu ency ▁includes ▁S ITE ▁Town ▁area ▁of ▁Kar achi ▁West ▁District . ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁Parliament ▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 8 : ▁NA - 2 5 0 |
▁( Kar achi ▁West - III ) ▁ ▁E lection ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁▁ ▁General ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁Oct ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁S ark ar ud din ▁Adv oc ate ▁of ▁M utt ah ida ▁Q a umi ▁Mov ement ▁won ▁by ▁ 3 0 , 4 0 8 ▁votes . ▁ ▁E lection ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁▁ ▁General ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁Feb ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁So h ail ▁Mans oor ▁Kh aw aja ▁of ▁M utt ah ida ▁Q a umi ▁Mov ement ▁won ▁by ▁ 6 7 , 7 9 9 ▁votes . ▁ ▁E lection ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁▁ ▁General ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁So h ail ▁Mans oor ▁Kh aw aja ▁of ▁M utt ah ida ▁Q a umi ▁Mov ement ▁won ▁by ▁ 8 7 , 8 0 5 ▁votes ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁member ▁of ▁National ▁Assembly . ▁ ▁E lection ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁▁ ▁General ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁NA - 2 4 9 ▁( Kar achi ▁West - II ) ▁NA - 2 5 1 ▁( Kar achi ▁West - IV ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁E lection ▁result ' s ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁NA - 2 4 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁Francis ▁Hun ting don ▁may ▁refer ▁to : |
▁ ▁Francis ▁H ast ings , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Hun ting don ▁( 1 5 1 4 – 1 5 6 1 ), ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁Hun ting don ▁and ▁Anne ▁Staff ord , ▁mist ress ▁of ▁Henry ▁VIII ▁Francis ▁H ast ings , ▁ 1 0 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Hun ting don ▁( 1 7 2 9 – 1 7 8 9 ), ▁British ▁peer ; ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Hun ting don ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Sel ina ▁Francis ▁H ast ings , ▁ 1 6 th ▁Earl ▁of ▁Hun ting don ▁( 1 9 0 1 – 1 9 9 0 ), ▁British ▁artist , ▁academic ▁and ▁Labour ▁politician <0x0A> </s> ▁Or gas mat ron ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁fict ional ▁org asm - ind uc ing ▁devices ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁film ▁S le eper ▁and ▁other ▁works ▁Or gas mat ron ▁( mass age ▁device ), ▁a ▁head - mass age ▁device ▁Or gas mat ron ▁( album ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁album ▁by ▁Mot ör head ▁and ▁its ▁title ▁track ▁" Or gas mat ron ", ▁a ▁track ▁by ▁Avenue ▁D ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁album ▁Boot leg ▁The ▁Or gas mat ron , ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁live ▁music ▁project ▁created ▁by ▁song writer ▁Guy ▁Ch amb ers <0x0A> </s> ▁S co op . it ▁is ▁a ▁content ▁market ing ▁software ▁company ▁based ▁in |
▁San ▁Francisco , ▁California . ▁The ▁company ▁oper ates ▁the ▁S co op . it ▁platform , ▁a ▁content ▁c uration ▁service , ▁and ▁mark ets ▁its ▁content ▁market ing ▁software ▁to ▁business es . ▁ ▁History ▁S co op . it ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁as ▁Go oj et , ▁a ▁widget ▁platform ▁for ▁mobile ▁ph ones , ▁by ▁Guillaume ▁Dec ug is ▁and ▁Marc ▁R oug ier . ▁Following ▁the ▁rapid ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁Apple ▁App ▁Store ▁which ▁made ▁its ▁widget ▁technology ▁redundant , ▁the ▁company ▁changed ▁its ▁strategy ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁content ▁market ing ▁and ▁re brand ed ▁as ▁S co op . it . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁launched ▁its ▁current ▁content ▁c uration ▁service ▁in ▁private ▁beta ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁before ▁opening ▁to ▁all ▁users ▁as ▁a ▁free ▁service ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁website ▁enables ▁its ▁users ▁to ▁discover ▁content ▁on ▁their ▁topics ▁of ▁interest ▁that ▁they ▁can ▁cur ate ▁and ▁publish ▁to ▁their ▁own ▁web ▁page ▁and ▁share ▁to ▁their ▁social ▁networks . ▁S co op . it ▁received ▁attention ▁from ▁influ ential ▁blog gers ▁who ▁had ▁identified ▁a ▁need ▁for ▁web ▁content ▁c uration . ▁The ▁website ▁rapidly ▁grew ▁in ▁popular ity , ▁being ▁ranked ▁by ▁Alex a ▁among ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁websites ▁glob ally ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁and ▁as ▁of ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁visited |
▁by ▁more ▁than ▁ 7 5 ▁million ▁people ▁according ▁to ▁Vent ure Be at . ▁In bound . org ▁also ▁ranked ▁S co op . it ▁among ▁the ▁top ▁ 5 0 ▁market ing ▁technology ▁companies ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁S co op . it ▁raised ▁$ 2 . 6 ▁million ▁from ▁Par tech ▁Vent ures , ▁Ela ia ▁Part ners , ▁Or k os ▁Capital ▁and ▁IX O ▁Private ▁Equ ity ▁adding ▁to ▁the ▁$ 8 . 5 ▁million ▁raised ▁as ▁Go oj et . ▁Since ▁then , ▁the ▁company ▁launched ▁B 2 B ▁software ▁products ▁such ▁as ▁its ▁content ▁market ing ▁software ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁S co op . it ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁Link flu ence , ▁a ▁social ▁media ▁monitoring ▁provider ▁and ▁Guillaume ▁Dec ug is ▁became ▁CE O ▁of ▁the ▁combined ▁entity . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Content ▁market ing ▁ ▁Content ▁c uration ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Mark eting ▁software <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁B af ang ▁is ▁a ▁Latin ▁suff rag an ▁bishop ric ▁in ▁the ▁ecc les iast ical ▁province ▁of ▁the ▁Metropolitan ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Dou ala , ▁also ▁in ▁Cam ero on . ▁ ▁Yet ▁it ▁depends ▁on ▁the ▁mission ary ▁Roman ▁Cong reg ation ▁for ▁the ▁Evangel ization ▁of ▁Pe op les . ▁ ▁Its |
▁c athedral ▁epis cop al ▁see ▁is ▁the ▁C ath éd rale ▁du ▁C œur - Im mac ul é ▁de ▁Marie , ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁Im mac ulate ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mary , ▁in ▁B af ang , ▁in ▁the ▁Haut - N k am ▁department ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Province , ▁Cam ero on . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁As ▁per ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁it ▁past or ally ▁serves ▁ 1 2 4 , 1 9 3 ▁C athol ics ▁( 4 2 . 5 % ▁of ▁ 2 9 2 , 3 8 7 ▁total ) ▁on ▁ 7 , 2 2 9 km ² ▁in ▁ 2 5 ▁par ishes ▁and ▁ 9 1 ▁miss ions . ▁It ▁had ▁ 3 4 ▁pri ests ▁( di oc es an ), ▁ 1 1 ▁lay ▁religious ▁( s ister s ) ▁and ▁ 1 2 ▁sem in ari ans . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁bishop ric ▁was ▁established ▁on ▁ 2 0 1 2 . 0 5 . 2 6 ▁- without ▁a ▁formal ▁mission ary ▁stage - ▁as ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁B af ang ▁on ▁territory ▁split ▁off ▁from ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁N k ongs amba , ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁province . ▁ ▁Ord in aries ▁Its ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁inc umb ent ▁is ▁ ▁Abraham ▁K ome ▁( 2 0 1 2 . 0 5 . 2 6 ▁– ▁... ), ▁a ▁sec ular ▁Pri est ▁born ▁ 1 9 6 9 . 0 7 . 0 2 |
▁in ▁Cam ero on , ▁Ord ained ▁ 1 9 9 9 . 1 2 . 1 1 , ▁Con sec r ated ▁Bishop ▁ 2 0 1 2 . 0 7 . 1 5 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁and ▁sources ▁▁ ▁GC atholic ▁ ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁dioc eses ▁in ▁Cam ero on <0x0A> </s> ▁Ir men ▁culture ▁is ▁an ▁ind igen ous ▁Late ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁culture ▁of ▁animal ▁bre ed ers ▁in ▁the ▁ste ppe ▁and ▁forest ▁ste ppe ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁Ob ▁river ▁middle ▁course , ▁north ▁of ▁Al ta i ▁in ▁western ▁Si ber ia , ▁dated ▁to ▁around ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁to ▁ 8 th ▁centuries ▁B CE . ▁Mon uments ▁of ▁this ▁advanced ▁bronze - produ cing ▁culture ▁include ▁numerous ▁settlement s ▁and ▁k urg an ▁c em eter ies , ▁the ▁culture ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁Ir men ▁k urg an ▁c emetery ▁now ▁flo oded ▁by ▁Nov os ib ir sk ▁res er voir . ▁Ir men ▁culture ▁was ▁discovered ▁and ▁described ▁by ▁N . L . Ch len ova ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁ ▁Ir men ▁culture ▁period ▁is ▁noted ▁for ▁migration ary ▁waves ▁in ▁two ▁directions , ▁in ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁ 1 st ▁mill en ni um ▁B CE ▁from ▁south ▁from ▁the ▁Kar as uk ▁culture , ▁and ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁mill en ni um ▁B CE ▁of ▁northern ▁tribes ▁notable ▁for ▁their ▁cross - decor ated ▁cer am ics . ▁M |
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