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BBC News - Guernsey States approve zero-10 tax change Changes to Guernsey's corporate tax regime needed to make it compliant with the EU code of conduct have been approved. The States unanimously agreed to follow the governments of Jersey and the Isle of Man in removing an area of the Zero-10 regime known as deemed distribution. The change will come into effect from 1 January next year. It is expected to result in an estimated loss of income for the island of £3-4m a year. The Zero-10 system allows most corporations in Guernsey to pay no tax, while others pay 10% and a minority pay 20%. During debate Deputy Roger Perrot launched a scathing attack on the European Union. He has been a long time campaigner for greater autonomy from the UK, particularly in the area of law making. Treasury Minister Gavin St Pier said he shared the frustration that "external forces have required us to do this, but it is important that we made the change and that was recognised by the unanimous support". He said: "Clearly there is a tax loss as a result of this measure, but I do think we have to keep this in context it is less than 1% of our revenue budget for this year. "That's well within the margins of a variance we might have anyway... but we do have to deal with that in our planning for 2013." Deputy St Pier said in terms of the island's relationship with the UK "we cannot simply haul up the bridge and pretend we can ignore what is going on beyond our shores".
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elvis board game | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again. Skip to main contenteBayShop by categoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAntiquesArtBabyBooksBusiness & IndustrialCameras & PhotoCell Phones & AccessoriesClothing, Shoes & AccessoriesCoins & Paper MoneyCollectiblesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingConsumer ElectronicsCraftsDolls & BearsDVDs & MovieseBay MotorsEntertainment MemorabiliaGift Cards & CouponsHealth & BeautyHome & GardenJewelry & WatchesMusicMusical Instruments & GearPet SuppliesPottery & GlassReal EstateSpecialty ServicesSporting GoodsSports Mem, Cards & Fan ShopStampsTickets & ExperiencesToys & HobbiesTravelVideo Games & ConsolesEverything ElseAdvanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsGift CardsSellHelp & ContactMy eBayExpand My eBaySummaryBids/OffersWatch listWish listAll listsPurchase historySellingMy CollectionsFollowed searchesMessagesNotification Related: elvis presley elvis game elvis pen ladies home journal doll View: Gallery view Customize... elvis board game Elvis Presley Monopoly 25th Edition Monopoly - Elvis Collectors Edition NEVER OPENED - Rare Collectible 75th Anniversary ELVIS Monopoly Boardgame Collectors ELVIS Edition MONOPOLY BOARDGAME....Complete NEW Collectors ELVIS Edition MONOPOLY BOARDGAME Pewter Metal Elvis sunglasses glasses, Elvis Monopoly Pewter Metal Elvis Jacket from Elvis Monopoly Elvis Edition Monopoly Sealed Elvis Dvd Board Game (2013) - New - Toys & Games ELVIS PRESLEY MONOPOLY COLLECTORS EDITION NEW SEALED Elvis-Opoly Monopoly Game of the King 1995 Ages 8+ Boys Girls Adults Elvis Presley Monopoly Collector's Edition Board Game 100% Complete Special Pawn Elvisopoly Commemorative Gold Edition Game 1995 + FREE ELVIS HALLMARK ORNAMENT monopoly corvette and elvis edition new and sealed 2 games Monopoly - Elvis Collector's Edition - Factory Sealed Monopoly Elvis 25th Anniversary Collector Edition board game Brand New Sealed ELVIS MONOPOLY 2002 COLLECTOR'S EDITION MINT SEALED CONDITION BOARD GAME* ELVIS PRESLEY King of Rock GAME ** 1979 ** RARE BOARD GAME.ELVIS THE KING OF POP GAME.1978 Elvis Presley DVD Board Game by GDC-GameDevCo Elvis Presley Trivia Board Game "Elvis The Game" Cadaco 1700 Questions-SEALED Monopoly new sealed 2002 elvis collectors edition game Monopoly: Elvis 25th Anniversary Collector Edition, board game, Brand New Sealed Elvis presley collectable bingo ink bottles ELVIS PRESLEY NEW Sealed 2002 Collector's Edition MONOPOLY Board Game-FREE PHOTO (12) 3oz ARROW "ELVIS" BINGO DAUBERS RED/BLUE/GREEN/PURPLE Parker Brothers Elvis Collectors Edition Monopoly Pewter Tokens Elvis Presley BRAND NEW Elvis 25th Anniversary Monopoly Collector's Edition Monopoly Elvis Elvisopoly New Sealed 1987 "Elvis-The Game That Allows The Legend To Live On" RARE Trivia Board Game COLLECTOR'S EDITION ELVIS MONOPOLY SEALED NEW Parker Brothers Bingo Daubers Markers Elvis Presley Pack Of 2 Ink Markers Collector Ink Bottles MONOPOLY 2002 ELVIS Collector's Edition Game Board Replacement
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Nelon Pascal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 10 June 2010 v South Africa 1 December 2010 v Sri Lanka Source: Cricket Archive, 10 January 2010 Nelon Troy Pascal (born 25 April 1987 in St David's, Grenada) is a cricketer who has represented the West Indies in Tests and One Day Internationals (ODIs). He is a fast bowler who bats and bowls right handed. His main first-class and List A cricket has been for the Windward Islands.[1] He played for the West Indies in the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. He spent 2008 in England playing club cricket for Boldon CC in the Durham Senior League. Nelon was selected for the West Indies tour squad to England in 2009 where he played in the warm up matches against Essex and Derbyshire. He made his first international appearance in 2009 in an ODI against Bangladesh, this was followed by two appearances for the Test side in 2010. ^ "Nelon Pascal". www.cricketarchive.com. Retrieved 2010-03-07. v Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nelon_Pascal&oldid=710282095" Categories: 1987 birthsLiving peopleGrenadian cricketersSt Lucia Zouks cricketersWest Indies Test cricketersWest Indies One Day International cricketersWindward Islands cricketersPeople from Saint David Parish, Grenada Navigation menu Add links This page was last modified on 16 March 2016, at 01:22.
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Lonely - Soulclap Song - BBC Music The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website. We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Change settings Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Accessibility Help BBC iD Notifications ]]> Music Tracks Performances Playlists Artists More My Music Menu My Music Home Tracks Popular Find a Track Recommended Performances Popular All Recommended Playlists Featured All Recommended Artists Popular All Recommended More BBC Music News LIVE BBC Music My Generation BBC Introducing BBC Music in iPlayer BBC Proms Glastonbury BBC Performing Groups Sound Of 2017 My Music My Tracks My Performances My Interviews My Playlists My Artists Lonely Share this track Share this with Digg Facebook Google LinkedIn Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter Copy this link http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/records/nnfhqw Read more about sharing. Add Artist Soulclap Languages:
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Relais Vatican View features a rooftop terrace, tour/ticket assistance, and multilingual staff. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request) is offered to guests. This Rome guesthouse also offers concierge services, laundry facilities, and express check-in. Babysitting or childcare (surcharge) Free WiFi Airport transportation (surcharge) 24-hour front desk Express check-out Laundry facilities Total number of rooms - 15 Concierge services Elevator/lift Tours/ticket assistance Rooftop terrace Luggage storage Express check-in Multilingual staff Show all hotel amenities
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CBD Stock No: WW65442EB Format: DRM Protected ePubVendor: RevellPublication Date: 2014ISBN: 9781441246592ISBN-13: 9781441246592Series: Logan Point This review was written for A Promise to Protect, Logan Point Series #2. Dr Leigh Somerall returns to Logan Point with her son. Ten years ago she had been chased away by the former Sheriff Tom to keep secret why she stopped dating his son or else he would jail her brother for his offense. Now Leigh is back to finish her obligation to work in the hospital there to pay back her medical school loans. Her son and Leigh are staying with her brother, Tony Jackson. But something is not going right with her brother. The only person she can turn to now is Acting Sheriff Ben Logan who information about the truth behind Bens fathers shooting. Before they can meet, Ben finds Tony shot. With his dying breath Tony put Ben into a position to vow to protect his sister. The tension was thick and well-sustained with quite a tangled web of clues and secrets revealed and lies being uncovered. The book covers deceit, betrayal, viciousness, greed, hatred but is also filled with faith, friendship, trust, forgiveness and love. A Promise to Protect is the second book in the Logan Point series. It can be read as a stand alone with the reader able to follow along without difficulty. Mississippi Murder Mystery - Small town sheriff, Old Love, March 31, 2015 This suspenseful book begins with a murder at the Peabody Hotel in Memphis, TN. Patricia Bradley does an excellent job of keeping you wondering who the murderer is. I was not certain who it was until the end! The main female character, Dr. Leigh Somerall, has kept secrets for the past ten years. When attempts are made on Leighs life, Acting Sheriff Ben Logan takes her to stay with his parents for safety. Bens father, former Sheriff Tom Logan has secrets that his son knows nothing about. The book shows the damage parents thoughtless words can cause as Leigh struggles with self-worth after her mother told her she was a mistake. Ben and Leigh both learn about Gods forgiveness and forgiving ourselves. I enjoyed the book very much and recommend it to others. I like books where I am kept in suspense throughout the story. I received this book from www.bookfun.com and Revell in exchange for my honest opinion. I'm the author/artist and I want to review A Promise to Protect, Logan Point Series #2 -eBook. Start A New Search
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Sardul Singh Sandhu Books New, Rare & Used Books - Alibris Sardul Singh Sandhu Director of Centre for Scientific Research & Development (C.S.R.D.), People's Group, Bhopal and is Professor on-lien from Rani Durgawati University, Jabalpur. He has meticulously researched on various fields of Biotechnology and has shared his vast experience of molecular biological techniques to create this book. His area of research involves Biotechnology, Molecular Biology and applications of Biotechnology in Medical Science. He has published 74 research papers (C.I.F. 7...See more Sardul Singh Sandhu Director of Centre for Scientific Research & Development (C.S.R.D.), People's Group, Bhopal and is Professor on-lien from Rani Durgawati University, Jabalpur. He has meticulously researched on various fields of Biotechnology and has shared his vast experience of molecular biological techniques to create this book. His area of research involves Biotechnology, Molecular Biology and applications of Biotechnology in Medical Science. He has published 74 research papers (C.I.F. 7.8 and C.C. 58) and 6 articles in national and international journales of repute. He has also completed 10 research projects funded by UGC, MPCST, CSIR, DBT and DST. Prof. Sandhu has been honoured with National Biotechnology Associateship, 1995; Post Doctoral Overseas Biotechnology Associateship, 1999 by D.B.T., Govt. of India, UNESCO Biotechnology visiting Professorship for visiting Australia in 1999, "Vishista Seva Padak" by Gurmat Mission, Central Circle, India in 2000, TWAS/CNPq/RETOREA Associateship from Italy and Brazil, in 2000, 2002, 2003, 2006 for visiting different universities and institutes in Sau Paulo, Brazil, and "Prof. Y.S. Murty Young Scientist Gold Medal Award" by IBS in 2000. He has also been honoured with "Award of Excellence (Praveenta Samman)" in 2005 by Hon'ble Vice Chancellor, R.D. University, Jabalpur. He has guided more than 30 students for M.Phil. & M.Sc. and over 20 for Ph.D. Prof. Sandhu also worked as a Visiting Professor and Scientist at Monash University, Australia; I.A.C., Brazil; FMRP, University of Sau Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil and St. Andrew's Fife University, Scotland. He is member of many leading associations and societies and is the founder Secretary of Shri Guru Har Gobind Society for Rural Biotechnology Management, Jabalpur. See less Sardul Singh Sandhu book subjects Sardul Singh Sandhu's Featured Books
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Canada Stamps Collection Lot 1859-1950,4 Pages of H.E.Harris Album | eBay Dec 12, 2019, 11:12:01 AM EST US $21.64 (approx C $28.45) princollector (103 ) Details about Canada Stamps Collection Lot 1859-1950,4 Pages of H.E.Harris Album Canada Stamps Collection Lot 1859-1950,4 Pages of H.E.Harris Album (Jan 27, 2020 09:30:53 EST) M05 Lot of Canada Stamps on 12 Pages from H.E. Harris & Co Album binder Canada #15-#37 1/2c-5c 1859-73 Victoria Heads 9 items Used 283750765708 Grade: F/G (Fair/Good) Country/Region of Manufacture: Canada
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Search results are sorted by a combination of factors to give you a set of choices in response to your search criteria. These factors are similar to those you might use to determine which business to select from a local Yellow Pages directory, including proximity to where you are searching, expertise in the specific services or products you need, and comprehensive business information to help evaluate a business's suitability for you. “Preferred” listings, or those with featured website buttons, indicate YP advertisers who directly provide information about their businesses to help consumers make more informed buying decisions. YP advertisers receive higher placement in the default ordering of search results and may appear in sponsored listings on the top, side, or bottom of the search results page.Sort:DefaultDefaultDistanceRatingName (A - Z)+ All FiltersSponsored LinksAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collection1. St Lawrence Catholic Church2200 NE 191st StMiami, FL 33180(305) 932-3560Roman Catholic ChurchesDirectionsMore InfoFrom Business: St. Lawrence School offers Catholic education to students in kindergarten through grade eight. The school has an enrollment of more than 250 students and conducts c…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection2. St Louis Catholic Church7270 SW 120th StMiami, FL 33156(305) 238-7562Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection3. St Kevin Roman Catholic Church12525 SW 42nd StMiami, FL 33175(305) 223-0633Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection4. St Raymond Catholic Church3475 SW 17th StMiami, FL 33145(305) 446-2427Roman Catholic ChurchesAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection5. St Augustine Church & Catholic Student Center(1)1400 Miller RdMiami, FL 33146(305) 661-1648Catholic ChurchesWebsiteThe 5pm mass at St. Augustine's is awesome. The heavenly piano and simple service are serene and grace-filled.Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection6. Saint John Bosco Catholic1349 W Flagler StMiami, FL 33135(305) 541-2216Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection7. St Kieran Catholic Church3605 S Miami AveMiami, FL 33133(786) 254-2543Churches & Places of WorshipWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection8. Saint James Catholic Church540 NW 132nd CtMiami, FL 33182(305) 681-7428Catholic ChurchesAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection9. St Dominic's Catholic Church(1)5909 NW 7th StMiami, FL 33126(786) 334-6464Catholic ChurchesWebsitePhones disconnected, I like talking to someone before I go.Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection10. The Shrine of St Philomena Catholic Church1621 SW 6th StMiami, FL 33135(305) 758-7724Catholic ChurchesWebsiteFrom Business: We are a catholic church located in Miami. FL. The national shrine of saint Philomena is maintained by an association of catholics known AS "the friends of saint Ph…Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection11. St Michael's Catholic Church2987 W Flagler StMiami, FL 33135(305) 649-1811Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection12. St. Agatha Catholic Church1111 SW 107th AveMiami, FL 33174(305) 222-1500Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection13. St Richard Catholic Church7500 SW 152nd StMiami, FL 33157(305) 233-8711Roman Catholic ChurchesAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection14. St Joachim Catholic Church11740 SW 192nd StMiami, FL 33177(305) 233-1278Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection15. St Lawrence Office Of Development2200 NE 191st StMiami, FL 33180(305) 935-7557Roman Catholic ChurchesAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection16. St. John Neumann Catholic Church - CLOSED12125 SW 107th AveMiami, FL 33176(305) 255-6642Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection17. St Patrick's Church3700 N Meridian AveMiami Beach, FL 33140(305) 531-1124Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection18. St Rose of Lima Ccd Office425 NE 105th StMiami Shores, FL 33138(305) 754-0332Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection19. St Francis De Sales Catholic Church621 Alton RdMiami Beach, FL 33139(305) 672-0093Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection20. St Rose of Lima Church415 NE 105th StMiami Shores, FL 33138(305) 381-5349Churches & Places of WorshipWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection21. St Agnes Catholic Church100 Harbor DrKey Biscayne, FL 33149(305) 361-2351Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection22. St Benedict Catholic Church701 W 77th StHialeah, FL 33014(305) 558-3705Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection23. St James Catholic Church540 NW 132nd StNorth Miami, FL 33168(305) 681-7428Roman Catholic ChurchesAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection24. St Mary Magdalen Catholic Church17775 N Bay RdSunny Isles Beach, FL 33160(305) 931-0600Roman Catholic ChurchesClergyWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection25. St Mark Catholic School(1)5601 S Flamingo RdSouthwest Ranches, FL 33330(954) 434-3777Catholic ChurchesWebsiteFriendliest, most cheerful congregation of true individuals-God bless!Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection26. St Edward Catholic Church19000 Pines BlvdHollywood, FL 33029(954) 436-7944Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection27. St Stephen Catholic Church2000 S State Road 7Miramar, FL 33023(954) 987-1100Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection28. St Gregory Catholic Church200 N University DrFort Lauderdale, FL 33324(954) 627-1102Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteVirtual TourYP AdDirectionsMore InfoFrom Business: Guided by the Holy Spirit and our rich Catholic heritage, St. Gregory the Great Parish strives to be a faith community that gives expression to the Gospel messages …Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection29. St Katharine Drexel Catholic Church2501 S Post RdWeston, FL 33327(954) 389-5003Roman Catholic ChurchesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collection30. St Jerome Church and School2533 SW 9th AveFort Lauderdale, FL 33315(954) 525-4133Catholic ChurchesPrivate Schools (K-12)WebsiteSponsored LinksShowing1-30 of 38results12NextMap ViewSponsoredHershman Medical Center11479 SW 40th St, Miami, FL 33165(786) 408-2652WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoDidn't find what you were looking for?magnifying glassPlease help others by helping us do better.Suggest a BusinessAboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringCorporate BlogEngineering BlogLegal
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_.pj=function(){this.H=[];this.R=[]};_.g=_.pj.prototype;_.g.Ef=function(){return this.H.length+this.R.length};_.g.ee=function(){return _.Ab(this.H)&&_.Ab(this.R)};_.g.clear=function(){this.H=[];this.R=[]};_.g.contains=function(a){return _.yb(this.H,a)||_.yb(this.R,a)};_.g.remove=function(a){var b=this.H;var c=(0,_.rba)(b,a);0<=c?(_.Cb(b,c),b=!0):b=!1;return b||_.Db(this.R,a)}; _.g.Ae=function(){for(var a=[],b=this.H.length-1;0<=b;--b)a.push(this.H[b]);var c=this.R.length;for(b=0;bJohn Maher - Google+Press question mark to see available shortcut keysHomeCollectionsJoin Google+Send FeedbackHelpRegionPrivacy Policy - Terms of Service - Maps Terms©2017 GoogleSearchSign inAboutSearchSign inJohn Maher2 followers2 followersAboutJohn Maher's postsLooks like you've reached the endLooks like you've reached the endUnable to load more. RetryWait while more posts are being loaded
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Palm to Bring Out New Treo Model in Europe | Fox News Palm to Bring Out New Treo Model in Europe NEW YORK – Palm (PALM) on Thursday said it will market a version of its Treo smart phone in Europe through Britain&apos;s Vodafone Group. (VOD) in hopes of resolving technical problems with a previous model. Palm said the latest Treo version will operate on Vodafone&apos;s high-speed third generation (3G) network and be powered by Microsoft&apos;s (MSFT) Windows Mobile operating system. The Treo is aimed at meeting growing demand for devices that receive email wirelessly. The handset will be available first to Vodafone customers in multiple European countries, including the U.K., Germany, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands, before the end of the calendar year. Palm last month forecast weaker-than-expected results for the current quarter after it stopped selling its Treo 650 model in Europe because it was not compatible with a new phone technology standard used there. At that time Palm said it was working to introduce a model in Europe to replace the Treo 650 as fast as possible. Competition in the smart phone market is heating up as rival Motorola Inc. (MOT) started selling its Q earlier this month and Nokia (NOK) launched the E61 in April.
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Deaths of two teenage girls in Arizona was a murder-suicide, police say | US news | The Guardian Deaths of two teenage girls in Arizona was a murder-suicide, police say 15-year-old girls were killed at Independence high school in Glendale Both victims were shot once and a weapon was found near the bodies Parents and others wait near a high school in Glendale to be reunited with students after police say two female students died in a shooting. Griselda Nevarez in Glendale, Arizona and Sam Levin in San Francisco Friday 12 February 2016 19.59 EST Last modified on Monday 29 February 2016 14.49 EST The shooting deaths of two teenage girls at a high school in Glendale, Arizona were a case of murder-suicide, the police said. Glendale police spokeswoman Tracey Breeden said a suicide note was located at the scene of Friday morning’s shooting at Independence high school. She said both victims were shot once and a weapon was found near the bodies. Breeden said the teens had been positively identified, but their names were not being released by police because they were juveniles. The girls, both 15-year-old sophomores, were each shot once, Breeden said. “This is not an active shooter situation, and we realized that once we got on the scene,” Breeden said. She could not confirm if one of the girls had killed themselves but said to parents: “Your children are safe.” “This occurred in an isolated area,” Glendale police sergeant David Vidaure added. The campus at Independence high school, located in a suburb of Phoenix, was on lockdown on Friday morning. About 2,000 students are enrolled at the public high school. Breeden said the police department received a call just before 8am from the school to report a shooting. Police officers were on the scene in less than two minutes and found the bodies of the two students near the school’s cafeteria under a covered patio area. The girls were declared dead at the scene. Police said they had no information on who may have fired the shots. “It’s a tragic incident,” Breeden said. “Two young people are dead this morning. We send our condolences out to the family, the loved ones and the friends of those two young girls.” Superintendent Brian Capistran said social workers from the school district were providing support for students and faculty. “Our focus is on our students, our faculty, and our staff and ensuring that they have the appropriate support to get through this,” he said. Arianna Trujillo, a 15-year-old sophomore at the school, said she had a history class with one of the girls who died. She said she worked with her and other students on group projects several times. “She would always ask questions in class and was very funny and outgoing,” Arianna said. She said she was walking to her first class when she saw police on campus and was told to go to the nearest classroom. She stayed in her art class for almost two hours before she and other students were allowed to leave campus. “I never imagined something like this would happen at my school,” Arianna said. The Glendale school district set up a staging area where parents could pick up their students, officials announced. Dozens of anxious parents were gathering, waiting to reunite with their children. Arizona’s governor, Doug Ducey, said early in the day the he was monitoring the situation and tweeted sympathies: “Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene.”
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Froude number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Froude number (Fr) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of a characteristic velocity to a gravitational wave velocity. It may equivalently be defined as the ratio of a body's inertia to gravitational forces. In fluid mechanics, the Froude number is used to determine the resistance of a partially submerged object moving through water, and permits the comparison of objects of different sizes. Named after William Froude, the Froude number is based on the speed–length ratio as defined by him. where is a characteristic velocity, and is a characteristic water wave propagation velocity. The Froude number is thus analogous to the Mach number. The greater the Froude number, the greater the resistance. In open channel flows, Bélanger (1828[1]) introduced first the ratio of the flow velocity to the square root of the gravity acceleration times the flow depth. When the ratio was less than unity, the flow behaved like a fluvial motion (i.e., subcritical flow), and like a torrential flow motion when the ratio was greater than unity.[2] Definitions of the Froude number in different applications[edit] where v is the velocity of the ship, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and L is the length of the ship at the water line level, or Lwl in some notations. It is an important parameter with respect to the ship's drag, or resistance, including the wave making resistance. Note that the Froude number used for ships, by convention, is the square of the Froude number as defined above. The Denny Ship Model Experiment tank in Dumbarton, Scotland, has a bust of Froude near the front door. For Fr < 1 the flow is called a subcritical flow,
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Treatment with telbivudine positively regulates antiviral immune profiles in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. - PubMed - NCBI AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 23274669FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File See comment in PubMed Commons belowAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Mar;57(3):1304-11. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02181-12. Epub 2012 Dec 28.Treatment with telbivudine positively regulates antiviral immune profiles in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B.Ma L1, Cai YJ, Yu L, Feng JY, Wang J, Li C, Niu JQ, Jiang YF.Author information1Department of Central Laboratory, the Second Part of the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.AbstractChronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is associated with impairment of T and NK cell immunity. This study was aimed at investigating the impact of treatment with telbivudine (LDT) on T and NK cell immunity in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 54 CHB patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Individual patients were treated orally with 600 mg LDT daily for 13 months. The serum HBV DNA loads, the levels of the HBV-related biomarkers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and the numbers of different subsets of peripheral T and NK cells in subjects were measured before and longitudinally after LDT treatment. Following treatment with LDT, the serum HBV DNA loads and the percentages of HBsAg- or HBeAg-seropositive cases were gradually reduced, accompanied by decreased levels of serum ALT and AST. In comparison with the HC, fewer CD3(-) CD56(+) and CD244(+) NK cells and CD3(+) CD8(+) T cells, lower frequencies of cytokine(+) CD4(+) T cells, and more CD3(+) CD4(+), CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+), CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(low), and CD8(+) PD-1(+) T cells were detected in CHB patients. Treatment with LDT increased the numbers of NK and CD8(+) cells and the frequencies of cytokine(+) CD4(+) T cells but reduced the numbers of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+), CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(low), and CD8(+) PD-1(+) T cells in CHB patients. The frequencies of cytokine(+) CD4(+) T cells were negatively associated with the levels of serum HBV DNA, ALT, and AST. Thus, treatment with LDT inhibits HBV replication, modulates T and NK cell immunity, and improves liver function in Chinese patients with CHB.PMID: 23274669 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC3591912 Free PMC ArticleShareImages from this publication.See all images (4)Free textFig 1Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of NK cells. The numbers of CD56+ NK and CD56+ CD244+ NK cells in CHB patients and HC subjects were determined longitudinally by flow cytometry analysis. PBMCs were obtained from individual subjects at the indicated time points and stained in duplicate with anti-CD56, anti-CD3, and anti-CD244. The cells were gated on living mononuclear cells and then analyzed for the number of CD3− CD56+ NK cells. Additional cells were gated on CD3− cells and analyzed for the number of CD3− CD56+ CD244+ cells. Data shown are representative charts or the mean numbers of NK and CD244+ NK cells per ml peripheral blood for individual patients at each time point from two separate experiments. (A) Representative flow cytometry charts. (B) Numbers of CD56+ NK and CD56+ CD244+ NK cells. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The horizontal lines indicate the median values for the groups.Treatment with Telbivudine Positively Regulates Antiviral Immune Profiles in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis BAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 March;57(3):1304-1311.Fig 2FACS analysis of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+, CD4+ CD25+ CD127low, and CD3+ CD8+ PD-1+ cells. The numbers of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+, CD4+ CD25+ CD127low, and CD3+ CD8+ PD-1+ T cells in individual CHB patients and HC subjects were determined longitudinally by flow cytometry analysis at the indicated time points. Data shown are representative FACS charts or mean numbers of each type of cell per ml of peripheral blood for individual subjects from two separate experiments. (A) Representative FACS charts. (B) Numbers of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+, CD4+ CD25+ CD127low, and CD3+ CD8+ PD-1+ T cells. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The horizontal lines indicate the median values for the groups.Treatment with Telbivudine Positively Regulates Antiviral Immune Profiles in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis BAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 March;57(3):1304-1311.Fig 3FACS analysis of different functional CD4+ T cells. PBMCs were isolated from individual CHB patients and HC subjects at the indicated time points and stimulated with PMA-ionomycin in vitro. Subsequently, the cells were stained with anti-CD4, fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibodies against the indicated cytokines. The frequencies of cytokine+ CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Data are mean values for each measure for individual subjects from two separate experiments. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The horizontal lines indicate the median values for the groups.Treatment with Telbivudine Positively Regulates Antiviral Immune Profiles in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis BAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 March;57(3):1304-1311.Fig 4Associations between percentages of cytokine+ CD4+ T cells and concentrations of serum HBV DNA, HBsAg, ALT, and AST in CHB patients. The relationships between the percentages of cytokine+ CD4+ T cells and the levels of serum HBV DNA, ALT, or AST in CHB patients were analyzed by logistic regression correlation analysis. Data shown are median values for each measure for CHB patients at the indicated time points (n = 54 per time point). (A) Correlation between percentages of cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells and the levels of serum HBV DNA in CHB patients. (B) Association between frequencies of cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells and the levels of serum AST and ALT in CHB patients.Treatment with Telbivudine Positively Regulates Antiviral Immune Profiles in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis BAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 March;57(3):1304-1311.Publication Types, MeSH Terms, SubstancesPublication TypesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tMeSH TermsAdministration, OralAdultAlanine Transaminase/bloodAntigens, CD/geneticsAntigens, CD/immunologyAntiviral Agents/pharmacologyAntiviral Agents/therapeutic use*Asian Continental Ancestry GroupAspartate Aminotransferases/bloodBiological Markers/bloodCD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effectsCD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunologyCD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virologyCD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effectsCD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunologyCD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virologyCase-Control StudiesDNA, Viral/blood*FemaleHepatitis B Surface Antigens/bloodHepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunologyHepatitis B e Antigens/bloodHepatitis B e Antigens/immunologyHepatitis B virus/drug effects*Hepatitis B virus/growth & developmentHepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy*Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunologyHepatitis B, Chronic/pathologyHepatitis B, Chronic/virologyHumansKiller Cells, Natural/drug effectsKiller Cells, Natural/immunologyKiller Cells, Natural/virologyLymphocyte CountMaleMiddle AgedThymidine/analogs & derivatives*Thymidine/pharmacologyThymidine/therapeutic useSubstancesAntigens, CDAntiviral AgentsBiological MarkersDNA, ViralHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B e AntigenstelbivudineAspartate AminotransferasesAlanine TransaminaseThymidineLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesHighWireEurope PubMed CentralPubMed CentralPubMed Central CanadaMedicalHepatitis - Genetic AlliancePubMed Commons home
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Patent US5625778 - Method and apparatus for presenting an access request from a computer system ... - Google Patents A system has a system resource, such as a frame buffer, coupled to a system bus, the system bus conveying a request for access to the system resource from another system element connected to the system bus. An apparatus for presenting the access request to the system resource from the system bus includes...http://www.google.com/patents/US5625778?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5625778 - Method and apparatus for presenting an access request from a computer system bus to a system resource with reduced latency Publication number US5625778 A Application number US 08/434,193 Publication number 08434193, 434193, US 5625778 A, US 5625778A, US-A-5625778, US5625778 A, US5625778A Inventors Brian A. Childers, Eric A. Baden Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (32), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5) Method and apparatus for presenting an access request from a computer system bus to a system resource with reduced latency US 5625778 A 1. In a system comprising a system resource coupled to a system bus, the system bus conveying a request for access to the system resource from another system element connected to the system bus, an apparatus for presenting the access request to the system resource from the system bus, the apparatus comprising: an input for receiving access request information from the system bus; one or more storage means, each for storing access request information, wherein the one or more storage means are connected to form a queue having a head and a tail; and a queue output for supplying data stored in the head of the queue; multiplexing means having a first input for receiving the access request information from the system bus, a second input coupled to the queue output, and a multiplexing means output for supplying the access request information to the system resource; and control means, coupled to the queuing means and to the multiplexing means, for initiating the loading of the access request information into the queuing means, and for initially causing the multiplexing means to supply, at the multiplexing means output, the access request information from the first input, and for subsequently causing, after the access request information becomes available at the queue output, the multiplexing means to supply, at the multiplexing means output, the access request information from the second input. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the multiplexing means is a glitchless multiplexor. 3. In a system comprising a memory resource coupled to a system bus, the system bus conveying a request for access to the system memory resource from another system element connected to the system bus, an apparatus for presenting the access request to the system memory resource from the system bus, the apparatus comprising: first queuing means comprising: one or more storage means, each for storing access request information, wherein the one or more storage means are connected to form a first queue having a head and a tail; and a first queue output for supplying data stored in the head of the first queue; first multiplexing means having a first input for receiving the access request information from the system bus, a second input coupled to a second multiplexing means output, and a first multiplexing means output for supplying the access request information to the system resource; a second queuing means comprising: an input for receiving access request information from the first queue output; one or more storage means, each for storing access request information, wherein the one or more storage means are connected to form a second queue having a head and a tail; and a second queue output for supplying data stored in the head of the second queue; the second multiplexing means having a first input for receiving the access request information from the first queue output, a second input coupled to the second queue output, and a second multiplexing means output for supplying the access request information to the second input of the first multiplexing means; first control means, coupled to the first queuing means and to the first multiplexing means, for initiating the loading of the access request information into the first queuing means, and for initially causing the first multiplexing means to supply, at the first multiplexing means output, the access request information from the first input of the first multiplexing means, and for subsequently causing, after the access request information becomes available at the first queue output, the first multiplexing means to supply, at the first multiplexing means output, the access request information from the second input of the first multiplexing means; and second control means, coupled to the second queuing means and to the second multiplexing means, for initiating the loading of the access request information into the second queuing means, and for initially causing the second multiplexing means to supply, at the second multiplexing means output, the access request information from the first input of the second multiplexing means, and for subsequently causing, after the access request information becomes available at the second queue output, the second multiplexing means to supply, at the second multiplexing means output, the access request information from the second input of the second multiplexing means. 4. In a system comprising a system resource coupled to a system bus, the system bus conveying a request for access to the system resource from another system element connected to the system bus, a method of presenting the access request to the system resource from the system bus, the method comprising the steps of: receiving access request information from the system bus; supplying the received access request information to an input of a queue and to a first input of selecting means for presenting the access request information to the system resource; supplying an output from the queue to a second input of the selecting means; initiating loading of the access request information into the queue; and controlling the selecting means to initially select the first input for presentation to the system resource, and to subsequently select the second input for presentation to the system resource after the access request information becomes available at an output of the queue. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the selecting means is a glitchless multiplexor. 6. In a system comprising a memory resource coupled to a system bus, the system bus conveying a request for access to the system memory resource from another system element connected to the system bus, a method for presenting the access request to the system memory resource from the system bus, the method comprising the steps of: supplying the received access request information to an input of a first queue and to a first input of first selecting means for presenting the access request information to the system resource; supplying an output from the first queue to an input of a second queue and to a first input of second selecting means; supplying an output from the second queue to a second input of the second selecting means; supplying an output of the second selecting means to a second input of the first selecting means; initiating loading of the access request information into the first queue from the system bus; initiating loading of the access request information into the second queue from an output of the first queue; controlling the second selecting means to initially select the first input for output to the first selecting means, and to subsequently select the second input for output to the first selecting means after the access request information becomes available at an output of the second queue; and controlling the first selecting means to initially select the first input for presentation to the system resource, and to subsequently select the second input for presentation to the system resource after the access request information becomes available at an output of the first queue. 7. In a system comprising a system resource coupled to a system bus that includes separate address and data lines the system bus further having split-bus transaction capability, wherein the system bus conveys a request for access to the system resource from another system element connected to the system bus, an apparatus for presenting the access request to the system resource from the system bus, the apparatus comprising: a first queue output for supplying data stored in the head of the queue; multiplexing means having a first input coupled to the first queue output, a second input coupled to the second queue output, and a multiplexing means output for supplying the access request information to the system resource; and means for loading the received access request information into the first queue; means, responsive to the access request information indicating a write operation, for loading the access request information into the second queuing means from the first queue output in response to an occurrence of a data tenure associated with the access request information; and selection control means for causing the multiplexing means to select the first input in response to the second queuing means being empty, and to select the second input in all other cases. 8. In a system comprising a system resource coupled to a system bus that includes separate address and data lines, the system bus further having split-bus transaction capability, wherein the system bus conveys a request for access to the system resource from another system element connected to the system bus, a method of presenting the access request to the system resource from the system bus, the method comprising the steps of: supplying the received access request information to an input of a first queue; supplying an output from the first queue to an input of a second queue and to a first input of selecting means for presenting the access request information to the system resource; supplying an output from the second queue to a second input of the selecting means; supplying an output of the selecting means to the system resource; loading the receiving access request information into the first queue; in response to the access request information indicating a write operation, loading the access request information into the second queue from the first queue output in response to an occurrence of a data tenure associated with the access request information; and causing the selecting means to select the first input in response to the second queuing means being empty, and to select the second input in all other cases. DE102007023500A1 * May 18, 2007 Sep 18, 2008 Media Tek Inc. Bildanzeigeverfahren und -systeme EP0889412A2 * Jun 29, 1998 Jan 7, 1999 Sun Microsystems Inc. Split write data processing mechanism for memory controllers EP0889412A3 * Jun 29, 1998 Dec 12, 2001 Sun Microsystems Inc. Split write data processing mechanism for memory controllers U.S. Classification 710/107, 710/112, 710/39, 710/38 Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHILDERS, BRIAN A.;BADEN, ERIC A.;REEL/FRAME:007546/0607
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Amazon.com: Customer Reviews: World Trade Center: Past, Present, Future Customer Reviews4.7 out of 5 stars74.7 out of 5 stars5 star71%4 star29%3 star0%2 star0%1 star0%World Trade Center: Past, Present, FuturebyPeter SkinnerFormat: Hardcover|ChangeSee All Buying OptionsAdd to Wish List All reviewersVerified purchase onlyAll reviewersAll stars5 star only4 star only3 star only2 star only1 star onlyAll positiveAll criticalAll starsAll formatsFormat: HardcoverAll formatsSearchThere was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsOutstanding!ByPierre Gauthieron October 18, 2011Format: HardcoverThis book brilliantly synthesizes the history of the World Trade Center from the time they were conceived in the 1960's to the present when the site is being rebuilt.The work is very generously illustrated with fantastically beautiful and pertinent photographs. The contemporary lay-out is very is very attractive and contributes to a large extent in making this book truly exceptional.The texts are clearly written with the only drawback that some chapters obviously date back a few years, mentioning for instance that it is still too early to consider what will replace the Twin Towers.This momentous book is strongly recommended to all.0Comment| There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsclean great copy. Used to have an office on the ...BySTEPHEN DAEDALUSon March 4, 2015Format: Hardcover|Verified PurchaseJust as described, clean great copy. Used to have an office on the 55th floor so hard to read this book but it is beautiful.Oprah did a program on one of the young women whose laptop was found in the rubble of One World Trade, and when opened years later, she had made a list of things to do before you die. Go skiing more often with your father was the first I believe.Arrived right on time, brilliant job! *****0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:B00X4WHP5EAmazon Echo]] There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsAwesome bookByZaida Quijanoon October 26, 2011Format: Hardcover|Verified PurchaseI loved the book it was awesome and I liked the parts they had there. It was fantastic and awesome.0Comment| There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.4.0 out of 5 starsAs sad as it is I have found comfort in learning ...BySundanceon May 10, 2015Format: Hardcover|Verified PurchaseAs sad as it is I have found comfort in learning the journey of the World Trade Center, I pray that this never happens again.0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:B00X4WHP5EAmazon Echo]] There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.4.0 out of 5 starsAmazing Photos of 9/11ByMatthew Goddardon June 19, 2012Format: HardcoverThis book is a must see for all who are curious about what actually happened on 9/11. As a person who has looked at the evidence, and read the forensic investigation done by Dr. Judy Wood, this book serves to corroborate the evidence presented in her book -Where Did the Towers Go? Evidence of Directed Free-energy Technology on 9/11Please look at the evidence for yourself, as you are not likely to find this information in the paper or the nightly news!0Comment| There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsFive StarsByjim c faust jron October 16, 2014Format: Hardcover|Verified PurchaseGreat pics. Great book. Needs a lil more paragraphs but its still a great book.0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:B00X4WHP5EAmazon Echo]] There was a problem loading comments right now. Please try again later.5.0 out of 5 starsWTC #1Byrm wonderon April 17, 2015Format: Hardcover|Verified PurchaseExcellent coverage of these beautiful buildings0Comment|Was this review helpful to you?YesNoReport abuseCommentInsert product linkPaste the product's web address below:Product not found. Only products offered on Amazon can be linked.SelectWhat's this?What are product links?In the text of your review, you can link directly to any product offered on Amazon.com. To insert a product link, follow these steps:1. Find the product you want to reference on Amazon.com2. Copy the web address of the product3. Click Insert product link4. Paste the web address in the box5. Click Select6. Selecting the item displayed will insert text that looks like this: [[ASIN:B00X4WHP5EAmazon Echo]] Customers also viewed these itemsWorld Trade Center: The Giants That Defied the SkybyPeter Skinner4.9 out of 5 stars11Send us feedbackHow can we make Amazon Customer Reviews better for you?Let us know here.‹ See all details for World Trade Center: Past, Present, Future
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postgresql - How to influence the Postgres Query Analyzer when dealing with text search and geospatial data - Stack Overflow I have a quite serious performance issue with the following statement that i can't fix myself. I have a postgres 8.4 Database with Postgis 1.4 installed I have a geospatial table with ~9 Million entries. This table has a (postgis) geometry column and a tsvector column I have a GIST Index on the geometry and a VNAME Index on the vname column Table is ANALYZE'd I want to excecute a to_tsquerytext search within a subset of these geometries that should give me all affecteded ids back. The area to search in will limit the 9 Million datasets to approximately 100.000 and the resultset of the ts_query inside this area will most likely give an output of 0..1000 Entries. The query analyzer decides that he wants to do an Bitmap Index Scan on the vname first, and then aggreates and puts a filter on the geometry (and other conditions I have in this statement) Query Analyzer output: Aggregate (cost=12.35..12.62 rows=1 width=510) (actual time=5.616..5.616 rows=1 loops=1) -&gt; Bitmap Heap Scan on mxgeom g (cost=8.33..12.35 rows=1 width=510) (actual time=5.567..5.567 rows=0 loops=1) Recheck Cond: (vname @@ '''hemer'' &amp; ''hauptstrasse'':*'::tsquery) Filter: (active AND (geom &amp;&amp; '0107000020E6100000010000000103000000010000000B0000002AFFFF5FD15B1E404AE254774BA8494096FBFF3F4CC11E40F37563BAA9A74940490200206BEC1E40466F209648A949404DF6FF1F53311F400C9623C206B2494024EBFF1F4F711F404C87835954BD4940C00000B0E7CA1E4071551679E0BD4940AD02004038991E40D35CC68418BE49408EF9FF5F297C1E404F8CFFCB5BBB4940A600006015541E40FAE6468054B8494015040060A33E1E4032E568902DAE49402AFFFF5FD15B1E404AE254774BA84940'::geometry) AND (mandator_id = ANY ('{257,1}'::bigint[]))) -&gt; Bitmap Index Scan on gis_vname_idx (cost=0.00..8.33 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=5.566..5.566 rows=0 loops=1) Index Cond: (vname @@ '''hemer'' &amp; ''hauptstrasse'':*'::tsquery) which causes a LOT of I/O - AFAIK It would be smarter to limit the geometry first, and do the vname search after. To achieve the desired behaviour i tried to I Put the geom @@ AREA into a subselect -> Did not change the execution plan I created a temporary view with the desired area subset -> Did not change the execution plan I created a temporary table of the desired area -> Takes 4~6 seconds to create, so that made it even worse. Btw, sorry for not posting the actual query: I think my boss would really be mad at me if I did, also I'm looking more for theoretical pointers for someone to fix my actual query. Please ask if you need further clarification Richard had a very good point: You can achieve the desired behaviour of the Query Planner with the width statement. The bad thing is that this temporary Table (or CTE) messes up the vname index, thus making the query return nothing in some cases. I was able to fix this with creating a new vname on-the-fly with to_tsvector(), but this is (too) costly - around 300 - 500ms per query. I ditched the vname search and went with a simple LIKE('%query_string%') (10-20 ms/query), but this is only fast in my given environment. YMMV. postgresql postgis query-analyzer share|improve this question edited Nov 21 '11 at 15:06 asked Nov 18 '11 at 10:11 There have been some improvements in statistics handling for tsvector (and I think PostGIS too, but I don't use it). If you've got the time, it might be worth trying again with a 9.1 release and see what that does for you. However, for this single query you might want to look at the WITH construct. If you put the geometry part as the WITH clause, it will be evaluated first (guaranteed) and then that result-set will filtered by the following SELECT. It might end up slower though, you won't know until you try. It might be an adjustment to work_mem would help too - you can do this per-session ("SET work_mem = ...") but be careful with setting it too high - concurrent queries can quickly burn through all your RAM. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/runtime-config-resource.html#RUNTIME-CONFIG-RESOURCE-MEMORY Thanks Richard! As I stated in my edit the with - contruct did manypulate the query plan as expected, but it came out too slow in the end, and i found a workaround. Unfortunately i'm not able to switch to 9.1 due to other legacy frameworks depending on 8.4 :( Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged postgresql postgis query-analyzer or ask your own question. asked How to search for all points inside all polygons in Postgres
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Bush boldly salsas to Latino tune | US news | The Guardian Bush boldly salsas to Latino tune Republicans are spending millions to win the powerful Hispanic vote Julian Borger,Texas First published on Saturday 22 January 2000 19.53 EST Not many people have heard of Lionel Sosa, but as the US election year gathers momentum the Texas media consultant is going to become increasingly important. His efforts may even determine the outcome of the vote. Sosa has worked on Republican presidential campaigns since the days of Ronald Reagan, but until now he has played a walk-on part, the Hispanic called on stage for the sake of token ethnic balance. This year, he has been given a leading role, along with an awful lot of money, to win the Hispanic vote for George W. Bush and the Republicans. His personal ascent mirrors the almost vertical rise of Hispanics, or Latinos as many prefer to be called, as a force in US politics and society. In five years they will overtake blacks as the country's largest minority group, and by 2050 they will form a quarter of the population. With the breakthrough of Puerto Rican pop stars Jennifer Lopez, Ricky Martin and Marc Anthony, alongside sports personalities such as the Mexican boxer Oscar De La Hoya, Latino culture is now hip. Across the country, schoolchildren trying to grasp the words to Martin's hit 'La Vida Loca' are signing up in record numbers to learn Spanish. And in a hugely symbolic but little noticed cultural turning point in 1992, salsa sauce overtook tomato ketchup as the nation's favourite relish. 'While our preceding generation felt pressure to assimilate, America has now generously agreed to meet us in the middle,' says Christy Haubegger, the 30-year-old editor of Latina magazine. 'Just as we become more American, America is simultaneously becoming more Latino.' The Hispanic electorate is now the holy grail - a huge swing vote that could win or lose the election. More than 80 per cent live in California, Texas, Florida, New York, New Jersey, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Illinois - states that account for 179 of the 270 electoral votes needed to win the presidency. By comparison, there are a mere 56,000 Latinos in Iowa. Nevertheless, almost all the candidates in last week's party caucuses have made an effort to cultivate them. With his formidable campaign chest, however, Bush has outdone them all. Sosa bought up all the available space on Spanish-speaking media months ahead to run Bush advertisements. Four years ago this week, the presidential hopefuls were chasing the legendary 'soccer moms', suburban women who according to the stereotype spend much of the day ferrying their children to football games. They were members of normally middle-class Republican families whom Democratic pollsters correctly identified as being open to Bill Clinton's middle-of-the-road appeal. Their seduction allowed Clinton to recast the Democrats' traditional base. Now the Republicans are trying to do the same with the Latino vote. Republican party chairman Jim Nicholson says: 'The Latino community is in play in this election like never before. And they're sending this message: we're open to change; persuade us; make your best case.' A Republican poll has identified 25 per cent of Hispanic voters as open to such persuasion, and that is where Sosa comes in. He is leading Hispanic campaigns for both Bush and the Republican national party, and has produced a series of party political ads in a $10 million campaign aimed at branding the Latino emphasis on family and self-reliance as Republican virtues. One advertisement shows four generations of a His panic family celebrating Independence Day. The grandfather, Joe Guerra, tells viewers: 'When people ask why I'm a Republican, I tell them it is because my family's values are the values of the Republican Party.' It is a bold strategy. No one thought of Latino voters as natural Republicans before. But thanks to Bush, the Democrats can no longer take them for granted. In November 1998, at the post-election Republican ball in Washington's Ronald Reagan Convention Centre, Bush's decisive re-election as Texas governor was on everyone's lips, if only because it was the party's sole cause for celebration. Newt Gingrich and his cohorts of zealous white puritans had been rebuffed at the polls for their obsession with impeaching Clinton. Bush offered Republicans a reason to hope, by reaching out beyond the party's traditional base to his state's 5.7 million Latino residents. Bush's 'politics of inclusion' rapidly became the new party mantra. Bush and Vice-President Al Gore each hold overwhelming leads among Hispanics over their nearest rivals in the party primaries. Assuming they both emerge as presidential nominees, the question hanging over the election is whether Bush can hold on to his gains in Texas and reproduce them in California, where Gore holds a two-to-one advantage among Latino voters. George W Bush official site
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Patent US4867164 - Neurocybernetic prosthesis - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA neurocybernetic prosthesis for controlling or preventing epileptic seizures and other motor disorders includes a pulse generator which generates electrical pulses having a frequency of between 30 and 300 cycles per second, a pulse duration of between 0.3 and 1 millisecond and a constant current of...http://www.google.com/patents/US4867164?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4867164 - Neurocybernetic prosthesisAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4867164 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/113,601Publication dateSep 19, 1989Filing dateOct 26, 1987Priority dateSep 14, 1983Fee statusPaidPublication number07113601, 113601, US 4867164 A, US 4867164A, US-A-4867164, US4867164 A, US4867164AInventorsJacob ZabaraOriginal AssigneeJacob ZabaraExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (584), Classifications (17), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNeurocybernetic prosthesis US 4867164 AAbstract A neurocybernetic prosthesis for controlling or preventing epileptic seizures and other motor disorders includes a pulse generator which generates electrical pulses having a frequency of between 30 and 300 cycles per second, a pulse duration of between 0.3 and 1 millisecond and a constant current of between 1 and 20 milliamperes. The generator is enclosed in an epoxy-titanium shell and is implanted in the body, preferably in the axilla. Electrode leads pass from the generator through a subcutaneous tunnel and terminate in an electrode patch on the vagus nerve. Provisions are made for varying the electrical signal from the generator after it has been implanted to "tune" the same to the patient. The prosthesis may be designed to be turned on manually when the patient senses the imminence of a convulsion. Alternatively, sensors may be provided for determining changes in the values of state parameters such as electroencephalographic waves which precede a convulsion. The pulse generator can then be turned on automatically in response to the sensors. 1. A method of controlling or preventing involuntary movements such as caused by epileptic seizures, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, motor disorders and the like comprising applying a pulsed electrical signal to the vagus nerve in such a way as to avoid any substantial slowing of the heart rate, said signal being applied repeatedly over a period of time to thereby prevent or control such movement. 6. A method of controlling or preventing involuntary movements such as caused by epileptic seizures, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, motor disorders and the like comprising applying a pulsed electrical signal to the vagus nerve at a point below the inferior cardiac nerve, said signal having a pulse frequency of approximately between 30 and 300 cycles per second wherein each pulse has a duration of between 0.3 and 1 millisecond and substantially constant current of between approximately 1 and 20 milliamperes, and said signal being applied repeatedly over a period of time to thereby prevent or control such movement. 7. A method of controlling or preventing involuntary movements such as caused by epileptic seizures, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, spasticity, motor disorders and the like comprising applying a pulsed electrical signal to the vagus nerve at a point below the inferior cardiac nerve, said signal being applied utilizing a plurality of electrodes and further being applied repeatedly over a period of time to thereby prevent or control such movement. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein there is a negative electrode and a positive electrode and wherein the negative electrode is applied proximal to the brain and the positive electrode is applied distal thereto. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein there is a negative electrode and a positive electrode and wherein the negative electrode is placed in the vicinity of the vagus nerve and the positive electrode is applied to a remote part of the body. This application is a continuation-in-part of prior Application Ser. No. 814,846 filed Dec. 30, 1985, now Pat. No. 4,702,254 which was a continuation-in-part of prior Application Ser. No. 531,955 filed Sept. 14, 1983, now abandoned. The primary intent of the present invention is the implantation of a neurocybernetic prosthesis in the human for epileptic control. The operation of the prosthesis is based on the principle of augmenting inhibitory processes in the brain to control states of hypersynchronous neural discharge. Currently, approximately seventy-five percent of epileptics are responsive in some degree to drugs, although undesirable side effects may force discontinuance. Drug therapy necessitates a continual, general effect on brain cells and other tissues, not infrequently resulting in undesirable side-effects whereas epilepsy constitutes an interrupted condition occurring at an approximate average of two convulsions per week. Unlike drug therapy, a neurocybernetic prosthesis can be made operational just during the period of the convulsion by utilizing sensor feedback or manual control. Also, objective evaluation of drug effectiveness involves determination of chemical levels in the blood which is a very costly procedure. Since hyperactivity of the brain is the basis of many nervous system ailments such as Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, spasticity, motor disorders, etc., such a prosthesis would also be useful for these chronic nervous illnesses. The approach of spectral discrimination is to utilize the basic properties of conduction velocity, diameter, refractory period, threshold, membrane potential, action potential, after potentials, synchronization and synaptic transmission. Based on these properties, the parameters of the pulse generator are chosen in terms of frequency, duration of pulse wave, shape of wave, voltage or current and duration of pulse train. In addition, a time-dependent direct current polarization of the membrane can be utilized to produce a "gate" effect. If the total spectrum of the nerve is not known, it is possible to activate all the nerve fibers by the spectral discriminator and record the response on an oscilloscope. From this total fiber spectrum, it is possible t determine the settings of the spectral discriminator to select the activation of the appropriate subset of nerves. In one form of the present invention, the neurocybernetic prosthesis need be turned on only during the duration of a seizure. It can be turned on either manually (by the patient) or automatically by a sensor-feedback system. Many epileptics have sensory signs immediately preceding the convulsion called an aura. At the initiation of the aura, the patient will be able to turn on the device and prevent the seizure. On the other hand, the neurocybernetic prosthesis can include a sensor-feedback system to block the seizure automatically. This feedback system would include sensors specifically designed to determine relatively instantaneous changes in the values of state parameters, which precede eruption of the hypersynchronous activity. Such parameters might include electroencephalographic waves, respiration changes, heart rate changes, various auras or motor effects such as tics or myoclonic jerks. The prosthesis thereby can be activated by sensor feedback producing a signal which precedes convulsive hypersynchronous discharge. It has also been shown that the neurocybernetic prosthesis can be used prophylactically. That is, the prosthesis can be activated periodically whether or not an aura or other condition is sensed. Preferably, during a treatment period, the prosthesis may be activated once every hour or so for a minute or more with the frequency and duration gradually reduced to nothing at the end of the period which may be several hours or a week or more. Such treatment can eliminate seizures or at least reduce their frequency and intensity. This continuous cycling on and off is also most useful for treating continuous or chronic tremors such as Parkinsonism. Since this "tuning" may have to be performed after the pulse generator is implanted, the present invention provides a means for varying the current parameters percutaneously. This is accomplished by a reed switch 30 associated with the implanted pulse generator 10 which is remotely controlled by electromagnet 32 and external programme 34. The precise manner in which this is accomplished and the circuitry associated therewith is well known to those skilled in the art as the same technique has been widely used in connection with the "tuning" of cardiac pacemakers. The device shown in FIG. 1 is intended for full implantation. It is also possible to practice the present invention with partial implantation. This is accomplished as shown in FIG. 2 by the use of a receiver 36 including a coil 38 and diode 40. The receiver is enclosed in an epoxytitanium shell so that it can be implanted and is connected to the electrodes 22 and 24 on the vagus nerve through leads 18 and 20. When the neurocybernetic prosthesis of the present invention is utilized for preventing epileptic seizures, it can be utilized as described above wherein the current generator is turned on only immediately preceding a convulsion. Many epileptics have sensory signs immediately preceding the convulsion called an aura. At the initiation of the aura, the patient will be able to turn on the device to prevent the seizure through the use of a manually operated switch. Even with a fully implanted prosthesis, a momentary contact switch, magnetically operated reed switch or a number of other devices could be provided which could be activated from outside of the body. Although it is theoretically possible to place the electrode patch 62 or separate electrodes substantially anywhere along the length of the vagus nerve 26, minimal slowing of the heart rate is achieved by placing the same below the inferior cardiac nerve 64. The electrodes may be placed on or adjacent to the vagus. It is preferred, however, that the negative electrode be proximal to the brain and the positive electrode be distal thereto. In certain instances, the positive electrode may be used as an indifferent electrode and be placed in a different part of the body. For example, the case 26 of the implanted pulse generator 10 could, in some instances, be utilized as the positive electrode. It should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the terms "positive electrode" and "negative electrode" are merely relative; a positive electrode being one which is more positive than a negative electrode. Similarly, a negative electrode is one which is more negative than a positive electrode. An electrode patch or cuff electrode such as that shown in FIG. 4 is the preferred embodiment. However, it should be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various known electrodes such as a tripolar cuff electrode could be utilized. The electrodes may be placed either in direct contact with the nerve or in indirect contact with the neural tissue. There is no indication that placement of state of the art electrodes on the nerve itself would have a deleterious effect unless silver electrodes are utilized. 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A61N1/36, A61N1/372Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 2, 1992FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Mar 18, 1997FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Sep 10, 1997PTEFApplication for a patent term extensionFree format text: PRODUCT NAME: NCP (NEURO CYBERNETIC PROSTHESIS); REQUESTED FOR 1761 DAYSFiling date: 19970910Expiry date: 20060919Mar 2, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12May 23, 2001PTEGGrant of a patent term extensionFree format text: PRODUCT NAME: NCP (NEURO CYBERNETIC PROSTHESIS)Filing date: 19970910Expiry date: 20060919Extension date: 20110805Dec 12, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: CIT GROUP/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., THE, TEXASFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CYBERONICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:012350/0598Effective date: 20010926Owner name: CIT GROUP/BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., THE,TEXASFree format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CYBERONICS, INC. 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Now That's What I Call Rock: Amazon.co.uk: Music Now That's What I Call Ro... 38 new from £4.76 Now That's What I Call Rock [Box set] Buy the selected items togetherThis item:Now That's What I Call Rock by Various Artists Audio CD £6.45 In stock.Sold by mrtopseller and sent from Amazon Fulfillment.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. DetailsNow That's What I Call Classic Rock by Various Audio CD £7.99 In stock.Sent from and sold by Amazon.co.uk.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. DetailsNOW That's What I Call Legends by Various Artists Audio CD £7.70 In stock.Sold by A2Z Entertains and sent from Amazon Fulfillment.FREE Delivery on orders over £20. Details ASIN: B00K6YCC6A Kids (Radio Mix [Edit]) Teenage Dirtbag [Clean] Fat Lip [Clean] Dance, Dance (Album Version (Edited)) Cigarettes & Alcohol [Clean] With the festival season coming guitar music is back and this latest collection from NOW features the best indie and rock music of a generation. Recent hits from The 1975, Haim & Jake Bugg amongst early 2000 alternative classics from Wheatus, Blink 182 and Sum 41 as well as Brit Pop hits from Pulp, Bluetones, Reef and many more. NOW That’s What I Call Rock, the perfect gift for Fathers Day. Customer Reviews 3.6 out of 5 stars 2.0 out of 5 starsNow That's What I Call Music That Won't Offend People at Weddings Spoo4 This isn't, all things considered, a terrible compilation of music, unfortunately someone just chose a really terrible name for it. 2.0 out of 5 starsRock??? Not really What a shabby attempt to ROCK up the NOW series...and it makes hilarious reading entertainment - I don't know which I laughed loudest at - the track listing or the reviews. 1.0 out of 5 starsLet There Be Rock...........sadly nowhere to be found on here. i am unable to give this abortion less than 1 star,why is it so bad ?..let us begin...you get 3 cd`s for your money-drinks coasters are cheaper by the way....cd 1 comprises such non Rock luminaries as Bastille,Coldplay,Razorlight along with new(ish) indie whiners like Kodaline,Haim,Mumford and sons-most of these bands are soul destroying,also featured are forgotten teen pop bands-Scouting For Girls/Kaiser Chiefs...plus Jake Bugg,the modern day George Formby.....cd 2 continues the rot,long dead.forgotten bands-Wheatus,Alien Ant Farm,Blink 182,Sum 41 which sit alongside such guff as The Darkness,Fountains Of Wayne.....cd 3 is possibly the worst for non Rock....the dreary Britpop of Oasis,irish tedium masters U2,indie bedwetters Keane...then we get Anastacia,Robbie Williams,The Stone Roses and Embrace......quite simply the WORST COMPILATION EVER-and not a single decent Rock band/artist in sight........whoever put this together wants shooting...then being educated into what a ROCK song is.....avoid at all costs. 5.0 out of 5 starsA Brilliant album, although sme of the songs aren't even rock Mr. R. Atkinson This in my opinion is a fantastic album and is the only spin off Now album i have, now i have read most the reviews on here and a lot of people are criticising it for not having enough rock or worse no rock at all, i do agree with them in a way as a lot of them are a lot more Indie pop then rock. The following songs are the only ones i can think of that are a lot more Dance/Electronica that don't have any rock elements in them whatsoeverMGMT - kidsThe Bloodhound Gang - The Bad TouchApart from those 2 i think every other song does, there are also some very soft rock songs that are piano driven ballads.The Fray - How to Save a LifeKodaline - High HopesKeane - Somewhere Only We KnowEmbrace - Natures LawAnd with this album being a Now! album, most of the songs on here have appeared on the numbered series, the numbers in brackets next to each song indicates which numbered Now album they are on.CD 11. Bastille - Pompeii (Now 84)2. Coldplay - Paradise (Now 81)3. Nickelback - Rockstar (Now 69)4. Razorlight - America (Now 65)5. The Automatic - Monster (Now 64)6. Kaiser Chiefs - Ruby (Now 66)7. The Fratellis - Chelsea Dagger (Now 65)8. MGMT - kids (Now 72)9. The Fray - How to Save a Life (Now 66)10. Scouting for Girls - She's So Lovely (Now 68)11. Train - Drive By (Now 82)12. Foster the People - Pumped Up Kicks N/A13. Biffy Clyro - Many of Horror (Now 75)14. Imagine Dragons - Radioactive (Now 85)15. Kodaline - High Hopes N/A16. Klaxons - Golden Skans (Now 66)17. The 1975 - Chocolate (Now 85)18. HAIM - The Wire N/A19. The Kooks - Naive N/A20 Jake Bugg - Lightning Bolt N/A21.Read more ›
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Patent US6086570 - Hemostasis valve with membranes having offset apertures - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA self-sealing hemostasis valve having a first membrane with an opening offset from the center and a second membrane with an opening offset from the center in a direction opposite of the offset in the first membrane. The two membranes are joined about their outer edges. Access through the two elastomeric...http://www.google.com/patents/US6086570?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6086570 - Hemostasis valve with membranes having offset aperturesAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6086570 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/163,103Publication dateJul 11, 2000Filing dateSep 29, 1998Priority dateSep 29, 1998Fee statusPaidPublication number09163103, 163103, US 6086570 A, US 6086570A, US-A-6086570, US6086570 A, US6086570AInventorsWalid N. 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12,506,733 members (57,749 online) 115.3K views1.7K downloads67 bookmarked public class HierarchicalDatabaseItemCollection : List SQL DB DataSource jeffb4230-Aug-07 13:51 organizational chart rodchar6-Aug-07 9:02 Re: organizational chart rodchar7-Aug-07 2:49 rodchar7-Aug-07 2:49 Hi Scott, 3. Do you just need to represent the department? No. Re: organizational chart spiegdon7-Aug-07 13:55 spiegdon7-Aug-07 13:55 Ok, what I would do in that case is use this data source, and also a custom control bound to it - I haven't played with but did read about a Hierarchical Repeater control made by Gary Vidal here: Code Project Link[^]. Re: organizational chart rodchar8-Aug-07 5:21 rodchar8-Aug-07 5:21 Thank you Scott for the help. editing the nodes rodchar26-Jul-07 10:19 rodchar26-Jul-07 13:05 thank you Scott. key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) rodchar24-Jul-07 5:12 rodchar24-Jul-07 5:12 hi all, rodchar Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) Guerven24-Jul-07 17:56 Guerven24-Jul-07 17:56 I don't think that was the key part. Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) spiegdon25-Jul-07 13:13 spiegdon25-Jul-07 13:13 If I am understanding your question correctly, the DataSourceControl is the base class for the objects you mentioned above (SqlDataSource and ObjectDataSource). Its purpose is to allow you to extend it and allow your custom collection of data to bind it to a DataBoundControl automatically at run time. Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) rodchar26-Jul-07 12:18 rodchar26-Jul-07 12:18 Hi Scott, rod. Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) spiegdon26-Jul-07 12:20 spiegdon26-Jul-07 12:20 Sorry Rod, when I paste - all I get is "The page cannot be displayed" Scott Piegdon is a Software Development Manager for a hosted ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) application. He has a wonderful wife, and two children. He loves to develop applications that others find not only easy to use and pleasing to the eye, but also provide un-surpassing functionality. He has been developing websites for over 10 years, and programming professionally for 7 of them. Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) rodchar26-Jul-07 12:29 rodchar26-Jul-07 12:29 sorry...one more try. Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) spiegdon26-Jul-07 12:53 spiegdon26-Jul-07 12:53 I gotcha now... Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) rodchar26-Jul-07 13:05 rodchar26-Jul-07 13:05 thanks for the help. i appreciate it. rod. Re: key concepts behind the DataSource control (newbie alert) GermanGermanUlloa21-Sep-07 16:34 GermanGermanUlloa21-Sep-07 16:34 Hi Scott, I follow up your example, very nice and usefull. Thanks kevnord19-Jul-07 13:39 kevnord19-Jul-07 13:39 Thanks for the info! Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 18:00 Last Update: 27-Sep-16 22:51Refresh1
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SAVAGE COMBAT TALES # 1-3 : VFN/NM : FEB - JUL 1975 : ATLAS COMICS. | eBay Details about SAVAGE COMBAT TALES # 1-3 : VFN/NM : FEB - JUL 1975 : ATLAS COMICS. SAVAGE COMBAT TALES # 1-3 : VFN/NM : FEB - JUL 1975 : ATLAS COMICS. “SAVAGE COMBAT TALES : SGT. STRYKER'S DEATH SQUAD # 1 to 3 (VERY FINE/NEAR MINT) as photographed and ” 30 Jan, 2018 13:33:26 AEDST possumscomicark (2676 ) 112722939014 “SAVAGE COMBAT TALES : SGT. STRYKER'S DEATH SQUAD # 1 to 3 (VERY FINE/NEAR MINT) as photographed and described.” Grade: Near Mint Publication Date: January 1975 Features: First Edition Series: Volume 1 Language: English Issue Number: 1 Genre: War Comic Name: SAVAGE COMBAT TALES
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and be afghanistan. that would raise the debt ceiling enough to get us through 2012, though boehner's would only take us through the end of the year. last night the president and speaker both aimed to put publish pressure on the other. >> there's no symptom of big government more menacing than our debt. break its grip, and we begin to liberate our economy and our future. >> i'm asking you all to make your voice heard. if you want a balanced approach to reducing the deficit, let your member of congress know. >> reporter: enough people did, presumably supporters as well as opponents, that the speaker's web site crashed along with those of a couple of other republicans and at least one democrat. republicans say the president wants a long-term debt ceiling hike to keep it out of his re-election bid. democrats say the bond rating agencies want a long-term hike. a short-term one, they say, would risk a downgrade of this country's credit rating, and that would hike credit interest rates on everyone. jon: the overwhelming number of calls coming into senate offices are urging members to oppose the president's Search Results 0 to 3 of about 4 (some duplicates have been removed)
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Patent US8002026 - Methods and apparatuses for electronic time delay and systems including same - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsElectronic time delay apparatuses and methods of use are disclosed. An explosive or propellant system, which may be configured as a well perforating system includes an electronic time delay assembly comprising an input subassembly, an electronic time delay circuit, and an output subassembly. The input...http://www.google.com/patents/US8002026?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8002026 - Methods and apparatuses for electronic time delay and systems including sameAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS8002026 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/553,361Publication dateAug 23, 2011Filing dateOct 26, 2006Priority dateOct 26, 2006Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20080099204Publication number11553361, 553361, US 8002026 B2, US 8002026B2, US-B2-8002026, US8002026 B2, US8002026B2InventorsJohn A. Arrell, Jr., Ronald S. Borja, William J. Slade, Francois X. PrinzOriginal AssigneeAlliant Techsystems Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (26), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (4), Classifications (17), Legal Events (9) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethods and apparatuses for electronic time delay and systems including same US 8002026 B2Abstract Electronic time delay apparatuses and methods of use are disclosed. An explosive or propellant system, which may be configured as a well perforating system includes an electronic time delay assembly comprising an input subassembly, an electronic time delay circuit, and an output subassembly. The input subassembly is activated by an external stimulus, wherein an element is displaced to activate an electronic time delay circuit. The electronic time delay circuit comprises a time delay device coupled with a voltage firing circuit. The electronic time delay circuit counts a time delay, and, upon completion, raises a voltage until a threshold firing voltage is exceeded. Upon exceeding the threshold firing voltage, a voltage trigger switch will break down to transfer energy to an electric initiator to initiate an explosive booster within the output subassembly. The explosive booster provides a detonation output to initiate the next element explosive or propellant element, such as an array of shaped charges in the well perforating system. 1. A time delay apparatus, comprising: an input assembly including an element configured to be displaced to enable a connection to a power source; and an electronic time delay circuit operably coupled to the input assembly and comprising: an electronic time delay device configured to provide a selectable, fixed time delay responsive to the connection to the power source and initiate a fire command upon completion of the selectable, fixed time delay, the electronic time delay device comprising: a crystal oscillator with a frequency of 1 kHz or more; a first counter device operably coupled to the crystal oscillator; and a second counter device operably coupled to an output of the first counter device in a multiplier configuration; wherein the first counter device and the second counter device can be programmed to provide the selectable, fixed time delay in a range of about eight minutes to multiple hours in increments of a clock cycle of the crystal oscillator; a voltage firing circuit configured to increase a voltage provided by the power source to a trigger voltage; and a trigger comprising a gas discharge tube configured to isolate the voltage firing circuit from an initiator until the trigger voltage is reached and convey the trigger voltage to the initiator when the voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold firing voltage. 2. The time delay apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an output assembly including an explosive booster and configured to provide a detonation output responsive to the fire command. 3. The time delay apparatus of claim 1, further comprising the power source coupled to the input assembly. 4. The time delay apparatus of claim 3, wherein the input assembly comprises a contact assembly configured to engage the element upon displacement thereof and enable the power source connection. 5. The time delay apparatus of claim 3, wherein the power source comprises a battery. 6. The time delay apparatus of claim 1, wherein the element configured to be displaced comprises a firing pin, and the input assembly comprises a housing including a firing pin bore therein receiving the firing pin, and wherein the firing pin includes a longitudinal axis and is configured to be displaced along the longitudinal axis by an applied external force. 7. The time delay apparatus of claim 6, further comprising at least one shear pin secured by the housing and extending substantially transversely through the firing pin, wherein the at least one shear pin is located and configured to be sheared by displacement of the firing pin responsive to the applied external force. 8. The time delay apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one shear pin comprises a coiled spring pin. 9. The time delay apparatus of claim 3, wherein the electronic time delay circuit is configured to bleed residual energy from the power source to a ground voltage after the time delay is completed. 10. The time delay apparatus of claim 1, wherein the voltage firing circuit comprises at least one capacitor operably coupled to the trigger and configured to convey the increased voltage to the trigger. 11. The time delay apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an explosive booster configured to provide a detonation output responsive to the fire command, wherein the initiator is configured to initiate the explosive booster upon receipt of the trigger voltage. 12. The time delay apparatus of claim 2, wherein the explosive booster comprises substantially 730 mg of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) output charge. 13. The time delay apparatus of claim 2, wherein the explosive booster comprises substantially 200 mg of lead azide prime charge. 14. The time delay apparatus of claim 2, wherein the electronic time delay circuit is disposed within a substantially tubular housing. 15. The time delay apparatus of claim 14, wherein the input assembly is secured to a first end of the substantially tubular housing. 16. The time delay apparatus of claim 14, wherein the output assembly is secured to a second, opposing end of the substantially tubular housing. 17. A well perforation system, comprising: a conveyance device; a perforating gun suspended from the conveyance device; a firing head suspended from the conveyance device and operably coupled to the perforating gun; and a time delay apparatus within the firing head, comprising: 18. The well perforation system of claim 17, wherein the time delay apparatus further comprises an output assembly including an explosive booster and configured to provide a detonation output responsive to the fire command. 19. The well perforation system of claim 17, further comprising the power source coupled to the input assembly. 20. The well perforation system of claim 19, wherein the input assembly comprises a contact assembly configured to engage the element upon displacement thereof and enable the power source connection. 21. The well perforation system of claim 19, wherein the power source comprises a battery. 22. The well perforation system of claim 17, wherein the element configured to be displaced comprises a firing pin, the input assembly comprises a housing including a firing pin bore therein receiving the firing pin, and wherein the firing pin includes a longitudinal axis and is configured to be displaced along the longitudinal axis by an applied external force. 23. The well perforation system of claim 22, further comprising at least one shear pin secured by the housing and extending substantially transversely through the firing pin, wherein the at least one shear pin is located and configured to be sheared by displacement of the firing pin responsive to the applied external force. 24. The well perforation system of claim 23, wherein the at least one shear pin comprises a coiled spring pin. 25. The well perforation system of claim 19, wherein the electronic time delay circuit is configured to bleed residual energy from the power source to a ground voltage after the time delay is completed. 26. The well perforation system of claim 17, wherein the voltage firing circuit comprises at least one capacitor operably coupled to the trigger and configured to convey the increased voltage to the trigger. 27. The well perforation system of claim 17, further comprising an explosive booster configured to provide a detonation output responsive to the fire command, wherein the initiator is configured to initiate the explosive booster upon receipt of the trigger voltage. 28. The well perforation system of claim 18, wherein the explosive booster comprises substantially 730 mg of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) output charge. 29. The well perforation system of claim 18, wherein the explosive booster comprises substantially 200 mg of lead azide prime charge. 30. The well perforation system of claim 18, wherein the electronic time delay circuit is disposed within a substantially tubular housing. 31. The well perforation system of claim 30, wherein the input assembly is secured to a first end of the substantially tubular housing. 32. The well perforation system of claim 31, wherein the output assembly is secured to a second, opposing end of the substantially tubular housing. 33. A time delay apparatus, comprising: an input assembly including an element configured to be displaced and contact each of a first contact assembly and a second contact assembly to enable a connection to a power source; and an electronic time delay device configured to provide a fixed time delay responsive to the connection to the power source and initiate a fire command upon completion of the fixed time delay, the electronic time delay device comprising: wherein the first counter device and the second counter device can be programmed to provide the fixed time delay in a range of about eight minutes to multiple hours in increments of a clock cycle of the crystal oscillator; 34. A well perforation system, comprising: an input assembly including an element configured to be displaced to enable a connection to a power source; a trigger comprising a gas discharge tube configured to isolate the voltage firing circuit from an initiator until the trigger voltage is reached and convey the trigger voltage to the initiator when the voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold firing voltage; and an output assembly adjacent the electronic time delay circuit and configured to provide a detonation output. 35. A time delay apparatus, comprising: an electronic time delay device configured to provide a fixed time delay responsive to the connection to the power source and initiate a fire command upon completion of the fixed time delay, wherein the time delay circuit includes: a crystal oscillator configured to oscillate with a frequency of 1 kHz or more after initiation of the fire command to bleed residual energy from the power source; This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/876,841, filed Oct. 23, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,789,153, issued Sep. 7, 2010 for METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR ELECTRONIC TIME DELAY AND SYSTEMS INCLUDING SAME. This invention, in various embodiments, relates generally to time delay apparatuses and, more specifically, to apparatuses comprising an electronic time delay assembly suitable for use in initiating explosives and propellants, as well as systems including an electronic time delay system and methods of operation thereof. Perforating systems used for completing an oil or gas well are well known in the art. Well bores, which are drilled through earth formations for extracting hydrocarbons in the form of oil and gas, are conventionally lined by inserting a steel casing or liner into the well, and cementing at least a portion of the casing or liner in place to prevent migration of high pressure fluids up the well bore outside the casing or liner. The subterranean formation or formations having the potential to produce hydrocarbons are directly linked with the interior of the casing or liner by making holes, referred to as perforations, through the wall thereof, through surrounding cement and into the formation. Perforations are conventionally made by detonating explosive shaped charges disposed inside the casing at a location adjacent to the formation which is to produce the oil or gas. The shaped charges are configured to direct the energy of an explosive detonation in a focused, narrow pattern, called a “jet,” to create the holes in the casing. Conventionally, well perforation systems include a firing head and a perforating gun, both of which are suspended from, and lowered into, a well on a conveyance device such as a tubular string, which may comprise so-called “coiled tubing.” Well perforation systems also conventionally comprise various components including, for example, a packer, a firing pin, an explosive booster, and a time delay device. A time delay device is needed to provide an operator sufficient time between a pressurizing event and a subsequent perforation event in order to pressure balance a well for perforation to secure optimal flow of oil or gas flow into the well. Pressure balancing a well is an important procedure because failure to do so, or if the procedure is done incorrectly, may lead to equipment damage as well as possible injury to equipment operators if insufficient hydrostatic pressure is present in the casing or liner or, if too great a hydrostatic pressure is present, the producing formation exposed by the perforating operation may be contaminated or production compromised or prevented without remedial measures. Additionally, with a properly pressure-balanced well, producing formation fluid will immediately and rapidly flow upward through the interior of the tubular string and toward the earth's surface in an appropriate, controlled manner. Therefore, it is important that the timing delay device employed be reliable and accurate in order to allow for adequate time to pressure balance a well. Time delay devices currently used in the art employ pyrotechnic time delay fuses. As described below in greater detail, pyrotechnic fuse-based time delay devices have reliability and accuracy concerns, as well as time limitations which may eventually lead to greater complexity and increased costs for customers of the oil tool industry. FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional well perforating system 20 within well 10. The well 10 is constructed by first drilling a well bore 12, within which a well casing 14 is placed and cemented in place as indicated at 16. The perforating gun 34, mechanical release 28, packer 24, and firing head 32 are, among other components, carried by tubular string 22. The perforating gun 34 and firing head 32 are lowered on the tubular string 22 to a selected location in the well 10 adjacent to the subsurface formation 18, which is to be produced. A seal is provided by packer 24 between the exterior of tubular string 22 and wall 38 of casing 14 to define a well annulus 40 above packer 24 and an isolated zone 42 below packer 24. Perforating system 20 also includes a vent 56 located below packer 24. Vent 56 allows for a direct link between the isolated zone 42 and tubing bore 58 to ensure fluid pressure within tubing bore 58 and isolated zone 42 are substantially equal. At the time designated to fire the perforating gun 34, an actuating piston 50 within firing head 32, is moved in response to an increase in fluid pressure in tubular string 22 initiated by the operator. The movement of the piston 50 releases a firing pin 52, thus initiating a firing sequence. As mentioned above, conventional perforating systems may provide for a pyrotechnic time delay device 30 located within firing head 28. The pyrotechnic time delay device 30 provides for a time delay between the initiation of the firing head 28 and the subsequent firing of the shaped charges carried by the perforating gun 34 in order to, as described above, pressure balance the well 10 for optimal perforation. Pyrotechnic time delay devices as known in the art provide a maximum time delay of eight minutes. Therefore, in order to achieve longer delays, an operator is forced to string multiple pyrotechnic time delay devices together in a series formation. For example, additional delays may be coupled together so as to achieve a longer delay timer. Due to the time and expense involved in perforating well bores and the explosive power of the devices used, it is essential that their operation be reliable and precise. Stringing together multiple pyrotechnic time delay devices diminishes the system's reliability and increases the system cost and complexity. There is a need for methods and apparatuses to provide increased system reliability and flexibility of operation of well perforating systems. Specifically, there is a need for a time delay device used in a well perforating system to allow for adequate and precise timing of operation of a well perforating system in order to pressure balance a well for optimal perforation results. Such a time delay device would desirably exhibit a high level of reliability at a low level of cost and complexity of fabrication. An embodiment of the present invention comprises a time delay apparatus comprising an input assembly including an element positioned to be displaced to enable a power source connection. The time delay apparatus further includes an electronic time delay circuit operably coupled to the input assembly and configured to provide a time delay responsive to the enabled power source connection and initiate a fire command upon completion of the time delay. Another embodiment of the present invention includes a well perforation system including a conveyance device, a perforating gun suspended from the conveyance device, a firing head suspended from the conveyance device and operably coupled to the perforating gun, and a time delay apparatus within the firing head. The time delay apparatus includes an input assembly including an element positioned to be displaced to enable a power source connection, an electronic time delay circuit operably coupled to the input assembly and configured to provide a time delay responsive to an enabled power connection and initiate a fire command upon completion of the time delay. Yet another embodiment of the present invention includes a method of using an electronic time delay apparatus within an explosive or propellant system. The method comprises applying an external force to an element to displace the element responsive to the external force, connecting a power source to an electronic time delay circuit responsive to the displacement of the element, providing an electronic time delay responsive to connection of the power source; and increasing a voltage from the power source to a predetermined, higher threshold firing voltage after the electronic time delay. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a conventional perforating system within a well; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of an explosive or propellant system configured as a well perforating system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional illustration of an electronic time delay assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of a firing pin subassembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic time delay circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an electronic time delay assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention, in various embodiments, comprises apparatuses and methods of operation for an electronic time delay assembly suitable for use within an explosive or propellant system configured, by way of nonlimiting example, as a well perforating system to address the reliability concerns, as well as the cost and complexity issues associated with conventional time delay devices. In describing embodiments of the present invention, the systems and elements incorporating embodiments of the invention are described to facilitate an enhanced understanding of the function of the described embodiments of the invention as it may be implemented within these systems and elements. FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of an explosive or propellant system configured as a well perforation system 110 disposed within a well 102. The well 102 is constructed by first drilling a well bore 108 within which is placed a well casing 104, which is cemented in place as indicated at 106. The well 102 intersects a subsurface formation 120 from which it is desired to produce hydrocarbons such as oil and/or gas. The system 110 includes a conveyance device 136 coaxially inserted inside the casing 104. Conveyance device 136 may be any suitable device, such as a wireline, slickline, tubing string, coiled tubing, and the like. As depicted, conveyance device 136 comprises a tubular string and, for brevity and ease of description, will be referred to herein as a tubing string. The tubing string 136 extends from a drilling rig on the surface through casing 104 and components of a well perforating system, such as packer 132, mechanical release 130, firing head 128, and perforating gun 124, are disposed at the lower, or distal, end thereof. The packer 132 provides a structure for sealing between the exterior of tubing string 136 and a wall 112 of casing 104 that may also be referred to as a casing bore wall or well bore wall 112. The resulting seal provides a well annulus 138 between the tubing string 136 and well bore wall 112 above the packer 132 and an isolated zone 116 of well 102 below packer 132. Perforating system 110 also includes a vent 140 located below the packer. Vent 140 allows for hydraulic communication between isolated zone 116 and tubing bore 142 to ensure fluid pressures within the tubing bore 142 and isolated zone 116 are substantially equal. The perforating gun 124 is suspended from the tubing string 136 in the isolated zone 116 adjacent to the subsurface formation 120, which is to be perforated. The perforating gun 124 is configured to detonate and fire shaped charges to create holes, or perforations 122, in casing 104 and into the surrounding cement 106 and formation 120. FIG. 2 illustrates a well perforating system at a time subsequent to the detonation of perforation gun 124; therefore casing 104, cement 106 and formation 120 include perforations 122 extending therethrough. When the tubing string 136 and the components of well perforating system 110 are first lowered into the well 102, the perforations 122 illustrated in FIG. 2 will not be present. The mechanical release 130 enables an operator to drop the perforating gun 124 to the bottom of well 102 after the perforating gun 124 has been fired. Also suspended from the tubing string 136 and located above the perforating gun 124 is the firing head 128. Firing head 128 includes, among other components, an electronic time delay assembly 126 according to an embodiment of the invention. As described in detail below, electronic time delay assembly 126 provides multiple safety features including various circuit and trigger isolation features as well as mechanical isolation features. Additionally, the electronic delay assembly 126 provides a time delay so as to allow an operator sufficient time to pressure balance well 102 for optimal perforation. Stated another way, the time delay allows time for an operator to alter the pressure in isolated zone 116 to the requirements of the formation fluids in formation 120. Electronic time delay assembly 126 provides this delay time capability by enabling longer, and more highly selectable, time delays in comparison to conventional pyrotechnic time delay uses. By way of example only, electronic time delay assembly 126 may provide a selected time delay duration of up to, for example, at least ten hours. FIG. 3 illustrates an electronic time delay assembly 126 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As described and illustrated in detail below, the electronic time delay assembly 126 provides significantly improved functions in a well perforating system including providing a reliable and increased time delay, increasing the duration of time delay, and providing safety features including circuit and explosive booster initiator isolation. As illustrated in FIG. 3, electronic time delay assembly 126 may include an input module 206, an electronic time delay circuit 212, and an output module 208. Input module 206 may be configured as a firing pin subassembly, while output module 208 may be configured as an explosive booster subassembly. Electronic time delay circuit 212 is contained in a central, tubular housing 204 that may be attached, as by laser welding to input module 206 and output module 208 at locations 202 and 203, respectively. For example only, the tubular housing 204 may be made of steel with resilient retainers 260 at each end of the tubular housing 204. The resilient retainers 260 provide mechanical support as well as electrical and mechanical isolation of the electronic time delay circuit 212. Output module 208, which will be described in greater detail below, may be configured to provide a detonation output to trigger the subsequent firing of perforating gun 124 (see FIG. 2). FIG. 4 illustrates input module 206 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Input module 206, as illustrated, comprises firing pin 301, a shear pin assembly 302, and a contact assembly 305 carried by housing 328 having a firing pin bore 324 therethough, firing pin bore 324 necking down to a smaller intermediate diameter bore at 330 and then increasing in diameter at contact assembly 305. Shear pin assembly 302 may include a single shear pin 712 extending transversely across housing 328 or may comprise a double shear pin configuration comprising a first shear pin 712 and a second shear pin 710, each extending into firing pin 301. Shear pin assembly 302 extends from a first side 320 to a second side 322 of input module 206 through firing pin 301 and apertures 334 in the wall of housing 328. By way of example, shear pin assembly 302 may comprise a coiled spring pin. Contact assembly 305 may include a first contact assembly 308, a second contact assembly 310, and annular contact 304 extending through both the first and second contact assemblies 308 and 310, respectively. Lead wires 312 and 314 may protrude from one end of firing pin subassembly 206 and may be operably coupled to electronic time delay circuit 212 (see FIG. 3). Lead wire 312 is connected to an annular contact 304 carried by first contact assembly 308, while lead wire 314 is connected to an annular contact 304 carried by second contact assembly 310. Firing pin 301, which is disposed in firing pin bore 324, has a longitudinal axis L and may include a pin contact 306 located extending from at one end of firing pin 301. The opposite end 300 of firing pin 301 is configured to receive a firing stimulus from an external force, such as, for example only, hydraulic pressure in isolated zone 116 (see FIG. 2) or an impact force from a dropped weight. As shown, firing pin 301 is configured for pressure actuation and includes an annular seal 336 disposed thereabout in annular groove 338. Sufficient external force acting on firing pin 301, and specifically on end 300, shears pins 710, 712 of shear pin assembly 302 and allows the firing pin 301 to be displaced to the right (as the drawing is oriented), or downwardly within well perforating system 110 (see FIG. 2) and toward contact assembly 305. Upon displacement, the firing pin 301 may then travel a fixed distance down the firing pin subassembly 206, stopping at annular wall 326 which may then enable pin contact 306 to extend further into contact assembly 305. Upon entering contact assembly 305, pin contact 306 engages both electrical contacts 304 and acts as a switch S to connect a power source 408, which may also be referred to as battery 408, to the electronic time delay circuit 212 (see FIG. 5). For brevity and ease of description, power source 408 will be referred to herein as a battery 408. Upon connection of the battery 408, electronic time delay circuit 212 will power up, and the desired, selected time delay will begin. Power source 408 may also comprise a capacitor-type power storage device instead of a battery, or power may be provided from an external power source. The type of power source 408 employed is not significant to the practice of the present invention, and an optimum type of power source may vary with the specific embodiment and application of the invention. As described above, input module 206 acts as an electrical switch that requires an external force or stimulus in order to be activated. This configuration provides for a significant safety feature by isolating the battery 408 from the electronic time delay circuit 212 (FIG. 5) until a satisfactory external force or stimulus is applied. Therefore, any chance of premature detonation is substantially eliminated. The type and magnitude of the required external force or stimulus may vary according to the embodiment and application of the present invention, and is not limited to applied pressure or impact force as discussed above. FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of electronic time delay circuit 212 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As described below, time delay circuit 212 comprises an electronic time delay device 500 coupled with a voltage firing circuit 502. Time delay circuit 212 also comprises a battery 408 and supply voltage terminal VDD. As described above in reference to FIG. 4, battery 408 is selectively connectable to supply voltage terminal VDD by way of an electrical switch S provided by electrical contacts 304 in cooperation with pin contact 306. When the pin contact 306 engages annular contact 304, battery 408 is connected to supply voltage terminal VDD, thus connecting electronic time delay device 500 and voltage firing circuit 502 to battery 408. By way of example only, battery 408 may supply a continuous current at an open circuit voltage of below ten volts, one suitable voltage being about 3.90 volts (VDC). Electronic time delay device 500 comprises an oscillator 402 which oscillates at a selected frequency and is operably coupled with counter device 417. Oscillator 402 and counter device 417 are configured to count a desired time delay. By way of example, and not limitation, oscillator 402 may comprise a 75 kHz crystal oscillator. Counter device 417 may comprise, by way of example only, a pair of CD4060B binary counter/divider devices 414, 415, offered by Texas Instruments of Dallas, Tex. Depending on the desired time delay, a single counter device may be used or multiple counter devices may be coupled together in series to achieve a longer delay. For example, if an eight-minute time delay is desired, a single eight-minute counter device may be used. Similarly, if a thirty-minute time delay is desired, a thirty-minute counter device may be use. On the other hand, if a thirty-minute counter device is unavailable, then a pair of counter devices, with a total delay time of thirty minutes may be coupled in series in an adder configuration to count the desired delay. For example only, one twenty-minute counter/divider device may be coupled with a ten-minute counter, or alternatively, two fifteen-minute counters may be coupled together to produce the desired thirty-minute delay. Alternatively, a pair of counter devices may be coupled in series in a multiplier configuration in order to achieve the desired time delay. For, example only, if a thirty-minute time delay is desired using a multiplier configuration, a first device would count up to fifteen minutes and upon completion of the fifteen minutes, a second device would increment to a value of one. Subsequently, the first device would again count up to fifteen minutes, and upon completion, the second device would increment to a value of two. Therefore, in a multiplier configuration example, with a 75 kHz oscillator, the first device is only required to count up to fifteen minutes and the second device is only required to count to a value of two. As opposed to conventional pyrotechnic time delays, the embodiment of the invention may, for example only, provide time delays from a short duration such as eight minutes up to a much longer duration of, for example, a number of hours. This capability reduces cost and complexity and increases operational flexibility and reliability in comparison to conventional pyrotechnic fuse-type time delay devices because only one time delay unit and setting and only one detonation transfer event is required. Additionally, because of the high level of accuracy of electrical components, the timing accuracy and precision of an electronic time delay is improved over a conventional pyrotechnic time delay fuse, which may suffer from unpredictable burning rates. As illustrated in FIG. 5, electronic time delay device 500 is operably coupled to a high voltage generator transistor 416 that may act as a switch and is thereafter operably coupled to a transformer 420. The transformer 420 is in turn operably coupled to a voltage multiplier 404. For example, and not limitation, transformer 420 may be configured to generate a voltage of about 550 VAC from an input of about 3 VDC. Multiplier 404, comprising a four stage diode/capacitor pair configuration, may be configured to generate a voltage of about 600 VDC from the 550 VAC input. Voltage multiplier 404 is operably coupled to firing capacitors 504, which are then operably coupled to the input side of the trigger 406. Firing capacitors comprise, for example, three 0.1 μF capacitors charged through a 22 Mohms resistor, firing capacitors 504 exhibiting a spark gap ignition voltage of substantially 600 V. The output side of the trigger 406 is operably coupled to an initiator 418 which is then operably coupled to the explosive booster subassembly 208 (see FIG. 3). By way of example, and not limitation, trigger 406 may comprise a gas discharge tube that will not conduct unless (in the described embodiment) a voltage level of 600 V or above is applied across the tube. In some cases, it may be desirable for trigger 406, or a gas discharge tube, to comprise a different breakdown voltage. Therefore, voltage multiplier 404, as configured, may have the capability to generate a voltage of substantially 2500 V. The operation of circuit 212 illustrated in FIG. 5 will now be described. After pin contact 306 within input module 206 engages both electrical contacts 304 (see FIG. 4), battery 408 is connected to the circuit 212, thus starting the desired, selected time delay. The desired, selected time delay is provided using oscillator 402 in conjunction with a counter device 417. As described above, the time delay may be programmed or preselected by using one or more counter/divider devices 414, 415 to produce the desired time delay. Upon completion of the desired, selected time delay, electronic time delay device 500 issues a fire command at the gate of the high voltage generator transistor 416. Subsequently, the battery voltage at node 514 is input into transformer 420 and transformer 420 generates a first intermediate voltage at node 516 that is substantially higher than the battery voltage at node 514. Thereafter, the first intermediate voltage at 516 is input into voltage multiplier 404 and voltage multiplier 404 generates a second intermediate voltage at node 518 that is substantially higher than that at the first intermediate voltage at node 516. Firing capacitors 504 are then charged and, upon reaching a threshold firing voltage at node 520, firing capacitors 504 apply a pulse to an initiator 418 through the trigger 406. By way of example only, trigger 406 may have a breakdown voltage of 600 V. Therefore, as the voltage in firing capacitors 504 reaches 600 V, trigger 406 breaks down and the voltage is applied across trigger 406 and at initiator 418, which then initiates an explosive booster contained in explosive booster subassembly 208 (see FIG. 3). Trigger 406 provides a significant safety feature of the embodiment of the invention by isolating the initiator 418 from the circuit 212 which, in turn, provides isolation and safety from electrostatic discharge (ESD) and stray voltage which could result in premature detonation. As a further safety feature the oscillator 402 of circuit 212 may be configured to continue oscillating after the time delay has passed and after a voltage is applied at initiator 418. Therefore, any residual energy stored in battery 40S will be drained by the charging and de-charging oscillator. Additionally, one embodiment of the invention may comprise a resistor 522 operably coupled between battery 408 and a ground voltage VSS. Therefore, any residual energy stored in battery 408 may be drained to ground voltage VSS through resistor 522. Whereas one embodiment of the electronic time delay circuit 212 is shown in FIG. 5, various other circuit designs, including a time delay device and a voltage firing circuit are within the scope of the invention. Returning to FIG. 3, in one embodiment of the invention, output module 208 provides the detonation output to initiate the perforation gun 124 (see FIG. 2). Output module 208 may comprise an output charge 250 and a prime charge 252. By way of example only, explosive booster subassembly 208 may comprise 730 milligrams (mg) of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) output charge 250 and 200 mg of lead azide prime charge 252. For example, and not limitation, the explosive booster subassembly 208 may be configured, upon detonation, to initiate subsequent explosive or propellant train events. FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of operation of electronic time delay assembly 126. After a well perforation system is lowered down into a well and an oil or gas extraction process is ready to begin, as described above, an external force is applied 600 to the input module 206 located within a firing head. The external force acting on the firing pin of the input module 206 causes one or more shear pins to be sheared 602, which enables the firing pin to displace within input module 206 and to connect a battery to the electronic time delay circuit. The electronic time delay circuit is then powered on and the desired time delay 604 is started. After the oscillator, in conjunction with the counter device, counts the time delay 606, a fire command is issued to the gate of a high voltage generator transistor 608. Subsequently, a first voltage, which is substantially higher than the battery voltage, is generated by transformer 610. A voltage multiplier then generates a second voltage 612 which is substantially higher than the first intermediate voltage. The firing capacitors are then charged 614, and upon reaching a firing voltage, a trigger device breaks down and an electrical pulse is applied to an initiator 616 which then initiates an explosive booster 618. Referring again to FIG. 2, after the well 10 has been pressure balanced during the time delay and the perforating gun 124 has been fired, producing formation fluids under formation pressure will rapidly flow out of formation 120 into isolated zone 116 through vent 140 and upward through the tubing string 136 toward the earth's surface. While embodiments of the electronic time delay apparatus of the present invention have been described and illustrated as having utility with a well perforating system, it is not so limited. For example, the electronic time delay apparatus of the present invention may be employed, in various embodiments, to initiate other explosive or propellant systems within a well bore, such as tubing or casing cutters. In addition, it is contemplated that embodiments of the electronic time delay apparatus of the present invention will find utility in subterranean mining and tunneling operations, in commercial, industrial and military demolition operations, in military ordnance, and otherwise, as will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2739535Jul 14, 1950Mar 27, 1956Atlas Powder CoElectric explosion initiatorsUS3358600Jan 13, 1966Dec 19, 1967Trojan Powder CoSelf-destroying explosive cartridge for underwater seismic explorationUS3391263Oct 24, 1965Jul 2, 1968Schlumberger Technology CorpApparatus for controlling well tools in well boresUS4324182 *Jan 22, 1979Apr 13, 1982Imperial Chemical Industries LimitedApparatus and method for selectively activating plural electrical loads at predetermined relative timesUS4572288Jun 15, 1984Feb 25, 1986J. C. 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CorporationBallistic transfer delay deviceUS8991496Feb 1, 2014Mar 31, 2015Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Firing head actuator for a well perforating system and method for use of sameUS20120018157 *Jul 6, 2011Jan 26, 2012Schlumberger Technology CorporationBallistic transfer delay deviceWO2014171914A1 *Apr 15, 2013Oct 23, 2014Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Firing head actuator for a well perforating system and method for use of same* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification166/55.1, 175/4.54International ClassificationE21B43/1185Cooperative ClassificationF42C15/00, F42C11/06, F42C15/16, F42C15/32, F42C19/06, E21B43/1185, F42D1/055European ClassificationF42D1/055, F42C15/00, E21B43/1185, F42C11/06, F42C15/32, F42C19/06, F42C15/16Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 15, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: ALLIANT TECHSYSTEMS INC., MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ARRELL, JOHN A., JR.;BORJA, RONALD S.;SLADE, WILLIAM J.;AND 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Transmission of ground squirrel hepatitis virus to homologous and heterologous hosts. - PubMed - NCBI Format: AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 3997073FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File See comment in PubMed Commons belowHepatology. 1985 May-Jun;5(3):435-9.Transmission of ground squirrel hepatitis virus to homologous and heterologous hosts.Trueba D, Phelan M, Nelson J, Beck F, Pecha BS, Brown RJ, Varmus HE, Ganem D.AbstractThe infectivity and host range of ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) have been further examined by animal inoculation experiments. Although carrier squirrel sera usually harbor 10(9) to 10(10) virions per ml as determined by physical measurements, titration of one such serum revealed that squirrel infectivity was lost following dilution of the sample over 10(6)-fold. Infectivity is markedly reduced by NP40 pretreatment of infected serum. GSHV infection cannot be readily transmitted to several related ground squirrel species, but chipmunks can be experimentally infected by GSHV virions or by cloned GSHV DNA, and the resulting infection closely resembles that seen in the normal host.PMID: 3997073 [Indexed for MEDLINE] SharePublication types, MeSH terms, SubstancesPublication typesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.MeSH termsAnimalsAntigens, Surface/analysisAntigens, Viral/analysisDNA, Viral/administration & dosageHepatitis, Viral, Animal/transmission*Nucleic Acid HybridizationSciuridaeSpecies SpecificitySubstancesAntigens, SurfaceAntigens, ViralDNA, ViralLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesWileyPubMed Commons home
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BBC Sport - World Cup 2014: Golden goals, golf carts and other innovations  BBC Sport Home Page 2014 Fifa World Cup ™ All Sport All Sport Home Football Formula 1 Cricket Rugby U Rugby L Tennis Golf Athletics BBC Sport Home Football Formula 1 Cricket Rugby Union Rugby League Tennis Golf Athletics A-Z Sports Athletics Boxing Cricket Cycling Disability Sport Football Formula 1 Gaelic Games Golf Horse Racing Motorsport Olympic Sports Rugby League Rugby Union Snooker Swimming Tennis Winter Sports Full Sports A-Z Events Glasgow 2014 World Cup 2014 Around the UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Programmes Match of the Day 5 Live Sport Sport on the BBC Get Inspired All Programmes Football World Cup 2014 Groups & Schedule Results Fixtures Features & Video Top Scorers Live Scores All Teams Leagues & Cups Groups & Schedule Results Fixtures Features & Video Top Scorers World Cup 2014 Home More from Football Live Scores All Teams Leagues & Cups Football Home Laurent Blanc scored the first World Cup golden goal, while another innovation was inspired by a set of traffic lights World Cup 2014: Golden goals, golf carts and other innovations The 2014 World Cup has seen innovations such as goalline technology and vanishing spray introduced to football's showpiece global event for the first time. France benefited from the use of goalline technology in their opening win over Honduras, and the spray has been welcomed as an aid to referees in keeping players back 10 yards at free-kicks near the penalty area. While those developments appear set to stay, what other innovations have previous World Cups witnessed - and were they all a success? Red and yellow cards (from 1970) Three-card trick: Graham Poll shows Josip Simunic three yellow cards at the 2006 World Cup Now as commonplace in a referee's equipment as a whistle, red and yellow cards were the brainchild of English referee Ken Aston, who officiated in the notorious 1962 World Cup game between Chile and Italy which became known as the Battle of Santiago, as well as the 1963 FA Cup final. Aston was placed in charge of referees for the 1966 World Cup in England, when there was confusion after the hosts' stormy quarter-final against Argentina over which players had been cautioned, and Argentina skipper Antonio Rattin refused to leave the pitch after being sent off. Driving in his car, and halted by a set of traffic lights on Kensington High Street, Aston had his idea: "The traffic light turned red. I thought, 'Yellow, take it easy; red, stop, you're off'." With language barriers no longer a problem, red and yellow cards were introduced at the 1970 World Cup and have been adopted worldwide since, with variants appearing in many other sports. Sent off in a World Cup final and Gustavo Dezotti (Argentina v West Germany, 1990) (France v Brazil, 1998) (France v Italy, 2006) (Netherlands v Spain, 2010) What happened next? Five yellow cards were shown by German referee Kurt Tschenscher in the opening game of the 1970 World Cup between Mexico and the USSR, but not a single red card was shown at the tournament. On 14 June 1974, Chile's Carlos Caszely was the first man to be shown a red card in a World Cup, after picking up a second caution. English referee Graham Poll famously erred at the 2006 tournament, showing Croatia defender Josip Simunic three yellow cards before brandishing a red. Substitutions (from 1970) Jimmy Greaves was a spectator at the 1966 final As Geoff Hurst scored his hat-trick for England in the 1966 final, the man he replaced, Jimmy Greaves, was watching from the sidelines, dressed in a suit and tie, because substitutes were not permitted at the World Cup until 1970. England's super subs (v Belgium in 1990), Michael Owen (v Romania in 1998) and Steven Gerrard (v Sweden in 2006) are the only England substitutes to score at a World Cup Keith Peacock of Charlton was the first substitute used in the English Football League on 21 August 1965, but at the World Cup, that honour went to Soviet forward Anatoliy Puzach in the opening game of 1970 against Mexico. What happened next? Until 1990, teams were able to name five substitutes, of whom two could be used. From 1994 onwards, any members of the squad - except suspended players - were eligible to come off the bench, with the 1994 limit of two outfield subs, plus a goalkeeper, superseded by the standard three-substitution rule since 1998. Golden goals (1998-2002) France's Laurent Blanc scored the first World Cup golden goal in 1998 With teams increasingly cagey in extra time of drawn knockout games, and some seemingly happy to chance their arm in a penalty shootout, the 'golden goal' immediately won the game as soon as either side scored in extra time. From 1993, it was trialled in minor competitions such as the Auto Windscreens Shield in England, when a golden goal twice decided the final (in 1995 and 1998), as it did in the 1996 and 2000 European Championship finals, and the 2001 Uefa Cup final. World Cup golden goals 1998 (second round) - Laurent Blanc for France v Paraguay 2002 (second round) - Henri Camara for Senegal v Sweden 2002 (second round) - Ahn Jung-Hwan for South Korea v Italy 2002 (quarter-final) - Ilhan Mansiz for Turkey v Senegal Four World Cup ties at two tournaments were settled by golden goals - Laurent Blanc in 1998, and Henri Camara, Ahn Jung-Hwan and Ilhan Mansiz in 2002. Far from promoting attacking football, at times it seemed to have the reverse effect as teams played conservatively because they did not want to concede. A variation, the 'silver goal' - whereby a knockout game would stop after the first period of extra time if one side were in front - was used at Euro 2004, but both golden and silver goals were discontinued that year. Italian side Perugia attempted to sack South Korea's Ahn Jung-Hwan after his golden goal knocked Italy out of the 2002 World Cup, while the player responded by refusing to turn up for pre-season training. Penalty shootouts (from 1978) 1982 (semi-final): W Germany beat France 1986 (quarter-final): France bt Brazil 1986 (quarter-final): W Germany bt Mexico Belgium bt Spain 1990 (2nd round): Rep of Ireland bt Romania 1990 (quarter-final): Argentina bt Yugoslavia 1990 (semi-final): Argentina beat Italy 1990 (semi-final): W Germany beat England 1994 (2nd round): Bulgaria beat Mexico 1994 (quarter-final): 1994 (final): Brazil beat Italy 1998 (2nd round): Argentina beat England 1998 (quarter-final): France beat Italy 1998 (semi-final): Brazil beat Netherlands 2002 (2nd round): Spain beat Rep of Ireland 2002 (quarter-final): South Korea beat Spain 2006 (2nd round): Ukraine beat Switzerland 2006 (quarter-final): Germany bt Argentina 2006 (quarter-final): 2006 (final): Italy beat France 2010 (2nd round): Paraguay beat Japan 2010 (quarter-final): Uruguay beat Ghana Guide: What makes the perfect shootout penalty? Replays - or coin tosses or the drawing of lots - were traditionally the method used to separate sides level after extra time, with Italy beating Yugoslavia in the 1968 European Championship final replay, two days after the final. Penalty shootouts were used in club competitions such as the European Cup from 1970 (although not in England's FA Cup until 1991), and first appeared at a major tournament when Czechoslovakia overcame West Germany in the Euro 76 final. Adopted for the 1978 tournament, a shootout was not required at a World Cup until 1982, when West Germany knocked France out at the semi-final stage. What happened next? A World Cup match has been settled on penalties on 22 occasions, including the 1994 and 2006 finals. Germany (if you include West Germany) are the most successful team, with four wins and no defeats, while England are the only team to have lost three World Cup shootouts and not won one. Belgium, Paraguay and South Korea all hold a 100% record in shootouts, scoring five out of five kicks. Switzerland are the only country to miss every penalty they have taken in a shootout. They were beaten 3-0 by Ukraine in 2006. Three points for a win (from 1994) What else was new in 1994? The back-pass rule, introduced in 1992 to encourage attacking play after a less than memorable 1990 World Cup, was in force It was also the first year in which World Cup match officials were able to eschew the traditional black shirts in favour of brighter colours Also making their World Cup debuts were numbers on the front of players' shirts, and names Apart from penalty shootouts, the only person to miss a penalty at the tournament was singer Diana Ross during an elaborately choreographed opening ceremony Three (rather than two) points for a win were introduced into the English Football League in 1981 in a bid to encourage more attacking play. It gradually made its way into most other major leagues over the next decade and a half, but was not adopted at a World Cup until 1994, after negative tactics marred the 1990 tournament. What happened next? It made no difference in 1994, 2002 or 2006, when the same teams would have qualified from the group stage under two points for a win. However, in 1998, Paraguay would have finished top of Group D ahead of Nigeria, which would have given them different opposition in the second round, when both teams bowed out. In 2010, New Zealand - undefeated after drawing all three group games - would have qualified for the second round in place of Slovakia, who lost to the Netherlands in round two. Golf carts for injured players (1994) Italy legend Franco Baresi was injured during the final, but returned to play the full 120 minutes - and miss his penalty in the shootout One of a raft of innovations for the 1994 World Cup in the United States was that, rather than being treated on the pitch or carried off on a stretcher, players would be driven off by an electric cart to receive medical treatment. The vehicles used - compared to golf buggies or milk floats - added a slightly comedic air to a colourful World Cup. What happened next? Golf carts have not reappeared at any subsequent World Cups, although some occasional examples remain, such as at English club side Reading. As recently as last summer, Argentina midfielder Javier Mascherano was sent off for kicking the driver of an injury cart as he was wheeled off during a World Cup qualifier against Ecuador. Live Brazil v Mexico Fifa to review goalline TV process
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Buy 4 players Cranium Fairytales Board & Traditional Games | eBay 4 players Cranium Fairytales Board & Traditional Games Cranium Disney Family Edition Board Game NEW, Factory Sealed ,Free Shipping Cranium: Disney Family Edition. Container of Blue "CRANIUM Clay". 6 CRANIUM cubes. Brady New ! Factory Sealed! Publication date:07/27/2015. Cranium: Disney Family Edition Board Game Pixar. Factory sealed. Brand new in box and factory wrapping Ty Title: CraniumYear: 2010Customs services and international tracking provided Ending Sunday at 1:03PM GMT1d 19h Contents all checked and are complete. Ending 19 Nov at 7:23PM GMT3d 1h Click & CollectMaterial: CardboardTitle: CraniumYear: 2005
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Divine Names: The 99 Healing Names of the One Love by Rosina-Fawzia Al-Rawi, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® B&N Top 100 NY Times Bestsellers by Rosina-Fawzia Al-RawiRosina-Fawzia Al-Rawi The past to self-discovery and inner and outer peace... Divine Names is a unique contribution to understanding life and oneself on a deeper level: by learning to open to the Divine. It draws on original Arabic literature—often not available in European languages—and on the author's many years of personal practice, teaching, and guiding others on their spiritual paths to healing, to becoming whole. It focuses on the use of the Divine Names in dhikr, individual meditations and healing practices. Whether we admit it or not, human beings are searchers: we want to understand; we want to know; we want to be known. Our quest may take many forms, yet ultimately it ends in nothing but pure praising of the Divine, even if this comes after our last breath. The outside always furthers the inside because the task and the meaning of life is always about reuniting—about connecting everything on the outside to its inner truth. It is the knowledge of the heart which is always capable of uniting. Such is the path of the Sufis. With a view toward fostering cross-cultural sensitivity, the creative team (author, translator, calligraphy artist) behind this reference offers several pages of discussion on each of the 99 names that were deemed divine by the Prophet Muhammad, explaining their meaning and how they can and should be used as springboards for meditation and good conduct. "If you repeat this name 270 times, you will value and respect others more," is part of the analysis of the name "Al-Karim," for example. All entries are accompanied by their related Arabic numeral identification and representation in Arabic calligraphy. VERDICT An insightful Arabic "names book." book by rosina-fawzia al-rawi
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Big 12 lunchtime links: Questions dog Missouri during spring - Big 12 Blog- ESPN Big 12 lunchtime links: Questions dog Missouri during spring2667dTim GriffinBig 12 Tuesday mailbag: Jerry World, Baylor's best-case scenario16hBrandon ChatmonMost indispensable: TCU Horned Frogs18hBrandon ChatmonPredicting the 2016 season: Week 220hBrandon ChatmonKaVontae Turpin among Big 12's most versatile offensive players22hBrandon ChatmonMost indispensable player: Oklahoma State2dBrandon ChatmonLaQuvionte Gonzalez is setting the standard in Kansas workouts2dBrandon ChatmonPredicting the 2016 season: Week 12dBrandon ChatmonMost indispensable player: Oklahoma Sooners5dBrandon ChatmonSchedule analysis: West Virginia Mountaineers5dJake TrotterMost indispensable player: Kansas State Wildcats6dJake TrotterDavid Sills transfers from West Virginia to chase QB dream6dBrandon ChatmonSchedule analysis: Texas Tech6dBrandon ChatmonMost indispensable player: Kansas Jayhawks7dBrandon ChatmonJacob Park gives Iowa State's QB depth a boost7dBrandon ChatmonBig 12 stats and trends: Offensive red-zone efficiency7dBrandon ChatmonBig 12 lunchtime links: Questions dog Missouri during springFacebookTwitterPinterestEmailcommentMar 11, 2009Tim GriffinFacebookTwitterPinterestEmailprintcommentPosted by ESPN.com's Tim GriffinSTILLWATER, Okla. -- Basketball fever is gripping the Big 12 today with the first day of the men's tournament at the Ford Center in Oklahoma City.But there's still plenty of football information going around the conference. It's why I'll be at Oklahoma State later today to watch the Cowboys' second practice of the spring.And at other places across the Big 12, spring football still is making news. Here are some of today's more notable stories.Columbia Daily Tribune reporter Dave Matter writes that Missouri will be facing more questions this spring than in any of Gary Pinkel's previous tenure at the school. Colorado's Cody Hawkins is bracing for a big challenge to retain his job as the Buffaloes' starting quarterback, Kyle Ringo of the Boulder Daily Camera reports.Former Kansas linebacker Joe Mortensen took a few snaps at fullback to show his versatility for NFL scouts at the Jayhawks' pro day, the Kansas City Star's Randy Covitz reports.Steve Sipple of the Lincoln Journal Star writes that the Nebraska program might have missed out on a prime exposure opportunity by declining to have its April 18 spring game televised. The school has already sold more than 70,000 tickets for the scrimmage.Oklahoma center Ben Habern received a medical redshirt after missing last season, giving him four seasons of remaining eligibility with the Sooners, Jake Trotter of the Oklahoman reports.Heralded Denton (Texas) Ryan quarterback Scotty Young has given an oral commitment to Texas Tech, according to Don Williams of the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Young came within two touchdown passes of breaking Graham Harrell's state high-school mark of 67 touchdown passes last season as a junior.
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SIW2008KanerSwenson | Software Testing | Simulation Good Enough V&V for Simulations: Some Possibly Helpful Thoughts from the Law & Ethics of Commercial Software Cem Kaner Florida Institute of Technology Department of Computer Sciences 150 West University Blvd. Melbourne, FL 32901 [email protected] 321-674-7137 Stephen J. Swenson AEgis Technologies Group [email protected] 401-539-2504 Keywords: Ethics, software testing, liability, cost-benefit analysis, negligence analysis, cost of quality, VV&A ABSTRACT:. Historically, the focus of VV&A research and development has been in the areas of developing new techniques and metrics and developing standards to ensure consistency across a wide range of applications. This work has proven technically beneficial to developers of M&S applications as “how to” guidance for conducting V&V. We all understand that how much V&V is driven by the needs of the target application. The guidance is vague and doesn’t, in any substantive way, address the value of V&V in relation to ramifications associated with inadequate testing. The courts have long wrestled with the responsibility of product and service providers to adequately protect consumers and by-standers against failure. The theme of the 2008 Spring SIW is “Innovation at the Intersections.” This paper will address the intersection of modeling and simulation VV&A with civil law, suggesting a style of cost/benefit analysis that might be specifically applicable to M&S VV&A, how it might be used to frame discussion of ethical commitment to adequate M&S testing, and how some of the information needed for that analysis might be collected. In 1944, a group of barges including the Anna C broke free of their moorings in New York Harbor and drifted together. They stopped when Anna C bumped a tanker whose propeller broke a hole in her. No one was aboard the Anna C and therefore, no one noticed she was taking on water. She sank. Had someone noticed the water, she could have been saved by the people who were on the scene dealing with this multi-barge situation. The ensuing lawsuit required the judge to determine who should pay for the loss of cargo on Anna C. Judge Learned Hand first determined there was not yet a general rule in American maritime law for allocating damages when a barge breaks free and the bargee (a person assigned to stay on the barge) is not on the barge. Bargees sometimes leave barges for legitimate reasons, and if the risk of their absence is low enough, this is not unreasonable. Rather than working through the mass of individual, conflicting precedents, Learned Hand laid out fundamental principle for decisions of this type: “Since there are occasions when every vessel will break from her moorings, and since, if she does, she becomes a menace to those about her; the owner's duty, as in other similar situations, to provide against resulting injuries is a function of three variables: (1) The probability that she will break away; (2) the gravity of the resulting injury, if she does; (3) the burden of adequate precautions. Possibly it serves to bring this notion into relief to state it in algebraic terms: if the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B; liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by P: i.e., whether B less than PL.” This case, United States v. Carroll Towing Co. [1] is one of the most famous in American products liability law. Learned Hand is widely recognized (on all sides of the political spectrum) as one of the great judges of American history. For example, his work was foundational for the Law and Economics tradition of legal analysis, which has played a large role in the “tort reform” movement that has largely limited the reach of products liability litigation. The T.J. Hooper [2] is another key case decided by Learned Hand. This case involves the sinking of two barges in a gale. Learned Hand determined that the tugs that were towing the barges were unseaworthy because they did not have radios and therefore could not call for help. The owners argued that no legislation or regulations required radios on tugs and industry standard practice was that tugs did not have them. Learned Hand’s response: “Is it then a final answer that the business had not yet generally adopted receiving sets? There are yet, no doubt, cases where courts seem to make the general practice of the calling the standard of proper diligence; we have indeed given some currency to the notion ourselves…. Indeed in most cases reasonable prudence is in fact common prudence; but strictly it is never its measure; a whole calling may have unduly lagged in the adoption of new and available devices. It may never set its own tests, however persuasive be its usages. Courts must in the end say what is required; there are precautions so imperative that even their universal disregard will [**12] not excuse their omission.…We hold the tugs therefore because had they been properly equipped, they would have got the Arlington reports. The injury was a direct consequence of this unseaworthiness. Decree affirmed.” Put succinctly, industry standards are not legal standards. The argument that you were following industry-standard practices is no shield for inadequate work. In this article, we argue that Learned Hand’s cost-benefit analysis is a useful approach for VV&A of simulations. We are not recommending a liability standard in this paper. We are not arguing that courts should adopt a products liability standard for simulations. Most complex simulations are created for government clients, typically for Defense applications. In the United States, developers of custom products for the United States DoD are not subject to civilian products liability litigation. Many factors mitigate against applying civilian risk regulations to military decision-making and we are not considering any aspect of the history or appropriateness of that well established rule in this paper. What we are suggesting is that practitioners of VV&A for simulations might find this analytical approach useful: • as an ethical framework in a context (simulations) that is so different from traditional DoD-related VV&A that many of the ethical/analytical touchstones are not applicable; • as a practical guideline for considering the types of investigation that the V&V practitioner might undertake to determine whether a product is good enough, or to persuasively build an argument that it is not. Software products for DoD clients are usually created under a development model in which the key decisions are made early and documented in detail in specifications of the project/product requirements and the internal and external product design. Special care is taken to create applicable oracles, decision rules that can be applied to determine whether the product is operating within expectations or not. Not all projects are done this way, but in the context of a contracting and development culture that assumes this as the normal style, significant deviations from this approach carry significant development, cost, and quality risk. Verification and validation traditions have evolved in the context of this development culture. V&V analysts vigorously encourage project managers and others to develop clearer and more comprehensive specifications and oracles and to relate them to the specific objectives of the model/simulation [3-5]. To the extent that the specifications can be considered complete, thorough testing tied directly to those specifications is desirable and is often taken as sufficient for system-level testing. In DoD projects, verification also includes assessment of the development process and practices employed [3, 6], comparing them to standards-driven expectations. A diligent, ethical practitioner in traditional V&V has a broad collection of standards and cultural support for doing her or his work in a way that will be seen as competent and respectable. Simulations are different. A simulation is an implementation of a model over time. [6] “All models are wrong, but some are useful” [7, p. 424]. An essential part of the evaluation of a simulation is its utility, its value to its intended stakeholders. It is not only the actual implementation that is important, but the conceptualizations behind it. [8, 9] A perfectly implemented simulation that starts from the wrong theory will yield perfectly wrong results. The situations that simulations model are typically not perfectly understood. That is, in a typical simulation, there are many major unknowns. If everything important was known, we wouldn’t need a simulation. Therefore we are unlikely to have a strong set of specifications (requirements or design) or reliable oracles for evaluating the simulation. This requires us to rethink the role and strategy of verification and validation.[10] If part of a simulation specification is thoroughly and credibly developed, this probably means that the development team (defined broadly to include subject matter experts and the customer) have such a good understanding of this aspect of the situation being simulated that they can provide clear instructions. Coding errors and misunderstandings of the specification are certainly possible, but we should expect more problems, and worse problems, with all of those aspects of the simulation that were developed without the benefit of a good specification, because these are probably the parts of the system that are not well understood and do not benefit from stabilized human expertise. Another complication is that the user’s understanding of the system or situation being simulated will probably evolve over time, partially through interaction with draft versions of the simulation. In other words, requirements are likely to drift significantly.[11] These characteristics of simulations make it difficult to rely on traditional stopping rules for software testing, such as: • Structural coverage: Execution of every statement, or every statement and branch, or similar simple coverage criteria. The code that is there might work, but is it the right code? Does it do the right tasks? What about the conditions not considered, therefore not included in the code? • Coverage of the specification: Execution of one or a few test cases for each statement or condition or data item listed in the specification. If we already know that the specification is significantly incomplete and incorrect, then we know that tests focused on the specification might be useful, but they are far from sufficient even for a superficial test of the software application. • Adherence to a traditional development process: Effective simulation development might look much more like an agile development project, an approach that relies on rapid iteration and close interaction with users or their subject-matter-expert representatives, rather than implementation of a well-understood solution to a well-understood problem. • Low failure rates from testing: The rate of failures from a suite of regression tests is not very informative if you don’t know whether the tests in the suite are representative of the usage in the field [12]. The specification cannot be an effective surrogate for understanding usage in the field because it is incomplete and incorrect. 3. An Analogy: Testing Commercial Software Products In two important ways, commercial software projects are often like simulations: 1. A software product attempts to automate some task or system, but the humans who do the tasks that are being automated often use personal knowledge and heuristics that are hard to capture. In effect, the specification (if there is one) is an imperfect model of the human system being automated, and the implementation of that specification is a simulation of that human system. 2. These projects often have incomplete, evolving specifications and multiple influential stakeholders who have conflicting interests (and therefore conflicting success criteria for the project). In practice, developing stopping rules for commercial software testing has been very difficult. Summarizing the results of several working meetings of test managers and consultants, Kaner [13] listed a few hundred different measures of testing progress that are in use in the field. There is remarkably little agreement on which subset of measures, or even which subset of types of measures, should be used to determine how much testing has been done and to estimate how much testing is left. As with simulations, the oracle problem is difficult for commercial software. In an influential presentation to practitioners, Doug Hoffman [14] argued that all oracles for commercial software products are heuristic (useful decision rules, but not guaranteeably correct). Hoffman made several arguments, but his argument from complexity is the most relevant to simulations: 1. An oracle provides a mechanism for determining whether the program’s behavior was correct, given a set of preconditions, a specified action, and the observed results. 2. The first problem is that we never fully specify the preconditions. (How much free memory is in the system? When was the last garbage collection cycle? How fragmented is the hard disk? Did the test just before this one send data to the printer?) One could argue that many conditions like these are (or should be) irrelevant, so long as the values are “reasonable.” However, many hard-to-reproduce bugs turn out to have unexpected values in variables that the testers and programmers didn’t expect to be relevant and therefore didn’t formally observe and control. The list of potentially-relevant (not probably-relevant, but potentially-relevant) variables is enormous. The second problem is that the user action is often loosely specified. For example, timing of a test (time between keystrokes for example) is sometimes critical to reproducing a failure, but this is rarely specified. On systems (like Windows) that have ongoing background task processing by the operating system, it seems impossible to know what else (what other user demands) compete for CPU attention, memory, and other system resources. The third problem is that the output is not fully specified. For example, if a program’s task is to add integers, and it adds 2+7, obtaining 9, is this correct? It might look correct, but what if the program took 6 hours to add those two numbers? What if, along with displaying the answer on the screen (as expected), it also sent the result as an email to everyone in your email client’s address book? These examples might seem to obviously violate a rule of reason, but how many test specifications for a function that adds two numbers would instruct the tester to check for timing, memory leaks, file corruption, email activation, or the many other things that could theoretically go wrong (and sometimes do)? Given the unspecified aspects of the test (almost every aspect of the test as it is actually run is unspecified), the program might appear to pass but actually fail, or it might appear to fail but actually be behaving correctly under the circumstances. That is, the decision rule provided by the oracle is probably correct most of the time, but it is not guaranteed. It is a heuristic, rather than a genuine rule. If an oracle is a mechanism for deciding whether a product’s behavior is correct or not, an oracle heuristic is an imperfect but useful mechanisms for deciding whether the behavior is correct or not. Hoffman’s argument was that all software oracles are heuristic oracles. heuristics from that video (see [17] for additional course slides): • Consistent within product: The behavior of a function should be consistent with behavior of comparable functions or functional patterns within the product. • Consistent with comparable products: The behavior of a function should be consistent with that of similar functions in comparable products. • Consistent with history: The present behavior of a function should be consistent with past behavior. • Consistent with our image: The behavior of a function should be consistent with the image the organization wants to project. • Consistent with claims: The behavior of a function should be consistent with documentation or ads. • Consistent with specifications or regulations: The behavior of a function should be consistent with claims that must be met. • Consistent with user’s expectations: The behavior of a function should be consistent with what we think users want. • Consistent with Purpose: The behavior of a function should be consistent with the product or function’s apparent purpose. This heuristic approach is relevant to simulations because the exact, correct behavior for the simulation is probably unknown (for many systems, if we knew them completely, we wouldn’t have to simulate them) and even if we have a theoretically complete knowledge of the system, the simulation is a simplification for teaching purposes, demonstration purposes, or some other practical purposes and the ultimate criterion is whether the simulation is valuable and not whether it is perfectly correct in all details. The shared complexities of simulation software and (much) commercial software provide a basis for thinking that decision rules used to manage the complexity of commercial software testing might be relevant to simulation evaluation. We will focus the rest of this paper on one type of decision rule used in commercial projects, the cost/benefit analysis, as applied to project management. We’ll consider two variations on this theme: 1. Quality Cost Analysis as developed by the American Society for Quality (e.g. [18]). 2. Negligence analysis as applied to the American law of products liability (e.g. [19]). James Bach extended Hoffman’s idea while he was developing the testing process for Microsoft for qualifying products as Windows 2000 compatible [15]. He identified a collection of patterns in the ways that Microsoft engineers argued that a product was or was not defective. These, he reasoned, were the implicit oracle heuristics that Microsoft’s development staff relied on. Kaner & Bach [16] provide a video lecture that present and discusses Bach’s heuristic oracles. Here is the list of 4. Overview of Cost-Benefit Analysis We use the phrase, “managing a project under uncertainty” as a shorthand for the complexity of the problem space when stakeholder interests conflict, stakeholder requirements shift over time, development starts without full knowledge (let alone specification) of the solution to be achieved, oracles are sometimes informal, unavailable or untrustworthy outside a narrow range of parameters, exhaustive testing is impossible and it is difficult to meaningfully measure how much testing is completed, let alone how much risk has been mitigated. How can a project manager or a test manager operate effectively and ethically when working with a project under uncertainty? Rather than focusing on the specifics of the individual decisions or decision criteria, the quality-cost literature and the products liability literature create a framework for thinking about the pattern of decisions as a whole. few of the costs. (These are our translations of the ideas for a software development audience. More general, and more complete, definitions are available in [18] as well as in Juran’s and Feigenbaum’s works). • Prevention Costs: Costs of activities specifically designed to prevent poor quality. Examples of “poor quality” include coding errors, design errors, mistakes in user manuals, as well as badly documented or unmaintainably complex code. (Note that most prevention costs don’t fit within a Verification Group’s budget. This money is spent by the programming, design, and marketing staffs.) • Appraisal Costs: Costs of activities designed to find quality problems, such as code inspections and any type of testing. Design reviews are part prevention and part appraisal. (To the degree that you’re looking for errors in the proposed design itself when you do the review, you’re doing an appraisal. To the degree that you are looking for ways to strengthen the design, you are doing prevention.) • Failure Costs: Costs that result from poor quality, such as the cost of fixing bugs and the cost of dealing with customer complaints. • Internal Failure Costs: Failure costs that arise before a company supplies its product to the customer. Along with costs of finding and fixing bugs are many internal failure costs borne by groups outside of Product Development. If a bug blocks someone in the vendor company from doing her job, the costs of her wasted time, missed milestones, and overtime to get back onto schedule are all internal failure costs. (Including costs like lost opportunity and cost of delays in numerical estimates of the total cost of quality can be controversial. Campanella doesn’t include these in a detailed listing of examples [18, Appendix B]. Gryna [20, 4.9-4.12] recommends against including costs like these in the published totals because fallout from the controversy over them can kill the entire quality cost accounting effort. We include them here because in Kaner’s industrial experience in Silicon Valley, as a project manager, test manager, and development director, these were very useful in practice, even if it might not make sense to include them in a balance sheet.) • External Failure Costs: Failure costs that arise after a company supplies the product to the customer, such as the costs of customer service, maintenance, warranty repairs, and public relations efforts to soften the impact of a bad failure on the vendor’s reputation. • Total Cost of Quality: The sum of costs: Prevention + Appraisal + Internal Failure + External Failure. 5. Quality Cost Analysis “Because the main language of [corporate management] was money, there emerged the concept of studying quality-related costs as a means of communication between the quality staff departments and the company managers.”[20, p. 4.2] Joseph Juran, one of the world’s leading quality theorists, began advocating analysis of quality-related costs 1951, when he published the first edition of his Quality Control Handbook. Feigenbaum made it one of the core ideas underlying the Total Quality Management movement.[21] It is a tremendously powerful tool for product quality, including software quality. Quality costs are the costs associated with preventing, finding, and correcting defective work. For commercial products, these costs are huge, running at 20% - 40% of sales [20, p. 4.2. We are not aware of credible data on quality costs for commercial software] Many of these costs can be significantly reduced or completely avoided. One fundamental objective of quality engineering is to drive down total cost of quality associated with a product or product line. Notice that this is full lifecycle cost, not just cost of development. Here are six useful definitions, as applied to software products. Figure 1 gives examples of the types of cost. Most of Figure 1’s examples are (hopefully) selfexplanatory, but I’ll provide some additional notes on a PREVENTION Staff training Requirements analysis Early prototyping Fault-tolerant design Defensive programming Usability analysis Clear specification Accurate internal documentation Evaluation of the reliability of development tools (before buying them) or of other potential components of the product INTERNAL FAILURE Bug fixes Regression testing Wasted in-house user time Wasted tester time Wasted writer time Wasted marketer time Wasted advertisements (1) Direct cost of late shipment (2) Opportunity cost of late shipment APPRAISAL • • • • • • • • • Design review Code inspection Glass box testing Black box testing Training testers Beta testing Test automation Usability testing Pre-release out-of-box testing by customer service staff EXTERNAL FAILURE Technical support calls Preparation of support database Investigation of customer complaints Refunds and recalls Coding / testing of interim bug fix releases Shipping of updated product Added expense of supporting multiple versions of the product in the field PR work to soften drafts of harsh reviews Lost sales Lost customer goodwill Discounts to resellers to encourage them to keep selling the product Warranty costs Liability costs Government investigations (3) Penalties All other costs imposed by law Figure 1. Examples of quality costs associated with software products (4) Here are a few additional notes on the figure: (1) Imagine buying advertisements for a product that should release to the public in early 2009 and then releasing it in 2010. (2) If bug fixes caused late shipment of a product, the direct cost of late shipment includes rush shipping fees and lost sales. The opportunity cost includes costs of delaying other projects while everyone finishes this one. (3) Cost of cooperating with a government investigation, including legal fees, whatever the outcome. (4) Gryna [20] cautions against presenting estimates that include costs that other managers might challenge as not quality-related. A perception that you are padding the numbers for dramatic effect can destroy the credibility of your estimates. Consistent with this, in Figure 1, we omit such costs as high turnover (staff quit over qualityrelated frustration) and lost pride (people will work less hard, with less care, if they believe the final product will be low quality no matter what they do.) We don’t know how to credibly include them in our totals, but that doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t bear them in mind. They can be very important. The power of the quality-cost approach is that it translates qualitative concerns into financial estimates that can attract the attention of more senior managers. Some companies treat quality-related costs very formally and in great detail, with quality- cost management databases. Others use this concept more tactically. Here’s an example of tactical use: Suppose you think the user interface, as designed, will lead to user errors as a person uses a product to control a device or analyze a situation under time pressure. You run some quick usability tests and demonstrate that in your pool of users, people made some characteristic mistakes. Approaching other members of the product development staff, you could build arguments, with them, that helping people avoid these mistakes in real use in the field will require higher documentation costs (get an estimate from the writers), higher training costs (get estimates from trainers or training materials developers), higher post-sales support costs, reputational damage if the mistakes are serious, and goodwill damage with the users if an investigation of mistakes made in the field blames them on “pilot error.” The estimates of these costs don’t have to be perfect, but each one must come from a credible source and be in some way plausible and justifiable. Along with arguing about individual bugs or decisions, this approach opens opportunities to make business cases on broader issues. Here are three examples that verification staff might be involved in: • What savings could be realized if some programming staff and some verification staff spent time with users in the field, developing an understanding of the subject matter and the complexity of the situations being simulated? If the design is more robust (because the programmers / low-level designers have more intuition about the types of changes that are likely) and the tests are more realistic and more powerful, how much time and money is this worth? • Could savings be achieved by increasing the programming staff and requiring them to develop and maintain suites of unit tests that check for common errors (such as boundary conditions) in every variable, compared to doing this work through verification at the black box system level later on? What additional code inspection (inspection of the unit tests) would be required and who should do it? With the added programming and inspection costs, is this a cost-favorable, neutral, or cost-wasteful change? • One of the common assertions from the agile development movement [22] is that intense automated unit testing provides a foundation for refactoring [23] and through that, relatively safe and cost-controlled maintenance. Agile development was created to cope with poorly-developed, rapidly changing user requirements. Would a shift in methodology that included some of the agile practices, such as using extensive unit test suites to improve maintainability, be appropriate for a simulation project? How much conceptual rework is likely on this particular simulation? How much will require complete discarding of implemented parts of the system, rather than rework? How would those impact the cost and value of the unit test suites? By providing an economic structure for these discussions, quality-cost analysis describes rules of research and engagement for staff who are inclined to vigorously argue for or against choices of broad process or specific practices. That is, people who can made a credible quality-cost argument for a given decision are more likely to be taken seriously, and people (of comparable stature in the company) who cannot or will not develop cost/benefit estimates are more likely to be ignored or bluntly told to quit wasting people’s time on subjective hunches about project management and product quality. The problem of this approach is that quality cost analysis looks at the company’s costs, not the customer’s costs. The manufacturer and seller are definitely not the only people who suffer quality-related costs. When a manufacturer sells a bad product, the customer faces significant expenses in dealing with that bad product. The Ford Pinto litigation provided a classic example of quality cost analysis. Among the documents produced in these cases was the Grush-Saunby report [24, p. 841, 25, p. 225], which looked at costs associated with fuel tank integrity. The key calculations appeared in Table 3 of their report: Benefits and Costs Relating to Fuel Leakage Associated with the Static Rollover Test Portion of FMVSS 208 Benefits Savings – 180 burn deaths, 180 serious burn injuries, 2100 burned vehicles Unit Cost -- $200,000 per death, $67,000 per injury, $700 per vehicle Total Benefit – 180 x ($200,000) + 180 x ($67,000) + 2100 x ($700) = $49.5 million. Costs Sales – 11 million cars, 1.5 million light trucks. Unit Cost -- $11 per car, $11 per truck Total Cost – 11,000,000 x ($11) + 1,500,000 x ($11) = $137 million. Figure 2. The cost of quality analysis for the Ford Pinto This is an internal cost of quality analysis. Ford estimated that it would cost $137 million to fix the gas tanks of these cars, and if they did not, they would be held accountable for 180 burn deaths, 180 serious burn injuries, and 2100 burned vehicles. (In fact, there would probably be more deaths and injuries, but this is the estimated number of cases that could be proved to have been caused by the exploding gas tanks.) To Ford, the estimated cost of causing the death of a customer was $200,000 and the cost of serious burn injuries was $67,000. To Ford’s customers, the children of the dead father, the people who were disfigured for life with burns, those costs were probably much higher. How much pain would it cause for you if your mother or your daughter died? That’s not an economic loss, but it is a huge cost—for the customer. Not for Ford. From the point of view of quality cost analysis as it is documented by the American Society for Quality and typically used in practice, it doesn’t matter how high the cost of a defect is to a customer. That cost is made invisible. All that matters is cost to the company. SELLER: EXTERNAL FAILURE COSTS These are the types of costs absorbed by the seller that releases a defective product. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CUSTOMER: FAILURE COSTS These are the types of costs absorbed by the customer who buys a defective product. • • • • • • • • • • • • Technical support calls Preparation of support database Investigation of customer complaints Refunds and recalls Coding / testing of interim bug fix releases Shipping of updated product Added expense of supporting multiple versions of the product in the field PR work to soften drafts of harsh reviews Lost sales Lost customer goodwill Discounts to resellers to encourage them to keep selling the product Warranty costs Liability costs Government investigations Penalties All other costs imposed by law Wasted time Lost data Lost business Embarrassment Frustrated employees quit Demos or presentations to potential customers fail because of the software Failure when attempting other tasks that can only be done once Cost of replacing product Cost of reconfiguring the system Cost of recovery software Cost of tech support Injury / death Figure 3. Comparing sellers’ costs and customers’ costs When costs to the customer are high, cheated or injured customers have an incentive to transfer some of their costs back to the seller. They do this through litigation. Thus, in cases like Grimshaw v. Ford [26], juries awarded millions in punitive damages to the victims of the exploding gas tanks. Punitive damages are awarded when the defendant’s actions are determined to be sufficiently outrageous. They are awarded not to compensate the victim but to punish the defendant, to change the economics of the defendant’s actions. Big products liability verdicts change the cost of selling dangerously defective cars. The Ford case is a classic example of a chronic problem. Another example from the automotive industry is the more recent General Motors Corp. v. Johnston [27]: A PROM controlled the fuel injector in a pickup truck. The truck stalled because of a defect in the PROM and in the ensuing accident, Johnston’s seven-year old grandchild was killed. The Alabama Supreme Court justified an award of $7.5 million in punitive damages against GM by noting that GM “saved approximately $42,000,000 by not having a recall or otherwise notifying its purchasers of the problem related to the PROM.” The well-publicized cases are for disastrous personal injuries, but there are plenty of cases against computer companies and software companies for breach of contract, breach of warranty, fraud, etc. The fundamental problem of cost-of-quality analysis is that it sets sellers up to underestimate customer dissatisfaction and litigation risks. Many sellers’ staff think, when they have estimated the total cost of quality associated with a project, that they have done a fairly complete analysis. But if sellers don’t take customers’ external failure costs into account, then when those customers resort to litigation to transfer back to the sellers some of the enormous costs the sellers thought they had successfully pushed off on the customers, the sellers’ staff can be surprised by huge increased costs (lawsuits) over decisions that they thought, in their incomplete analyses, were safe and reasonable. The greatest weakness of quality cost analysis is that it ignores large categories of costs, such as costs borne by the customer instead of the seller. It creates an incentive for hiding costs and risks by externalizing them (pushing them onto the customer). As another example, technical support costs used to cost software publishers an average of $23 per call [28], creating enormous incentives to improve the quality of consumer software. Those incentives flipped when publishers started charging for technical support. Customer dissatisfaction lost its biggest indicator in the quality cost spreadsheets. Let’s bring this back to simulations: the Ford cases are the more compelling when we think about software used to help people deal with (for example) complexities of battlefield conditions. Lives are at stake. Analyses that focus only on producers’ costs are, arguably, a fundamental breach of the trust under which the contract for developing this simulation was created. The objective of the effort is to protect the warfighter, not to protect the profitability of the vendor (although, certainly, that profitability is a justifiably essential requirement for any company that wants to survive in this market space). The solution is not to ignore the vendor’s costs but to find a way to also include costs (risks) to the customer / user. It is hard to take quality cost analysis seriously as an ethical guide for responsible, professional conduct by the verification engineer or the other development staff, because it ignores the risks to the warfighter. The analysis is too deeply self-serving to serve as a guide for how to deal with others with integrity. Negligence analysis, as laid out by Learned Hand, provides an alternative. It looks almost like quality cost analysis, but is different in one critical way. Here again are his factors, mapped to failure of a product: • A potential failure (F), causing a loss (L) • The probability that this failure will happen in the field (P) • Measures that can be taken to prevent that loss, with a cost of C Preventative measures are called for if C < P*L. Preventative measures are unreasonably expensive and need not be done if C > P*L. The difference between quality cost analysis and negligence analysis is this: • Under a quality cost analysis, we estimate L by totaling all of the manufacturer’s costs associated with the failure. 6. Negligence Analysis The greatest strength of quality cost analysis is that it is persuasive. If you can demonstrate to a business that it can reduce its costs by X% by spending less than this to improve the company’s quality processes or products, most executives will listen carefully. They will want to make these changes. • Under a negligence analysis, we estimate L by totaling all of society’s costs (costs of failure to the user and anyone else impacted by the failure). Unlike quality cost analysis, negligence analysis tells the manufacturer to balance its own costs against the risks that its products create for society. It’s important to distinguish here between the use of this analysis as a personal guide to ethical analysis of a situation and as a legal criterion for liability. As a tool for determining legal liability, negligence analysis has been criticized on several grounds. Here are some of the concerns raised: • In the press of multimillion dollar litigation, there are enormous incentives to bias the estimates of costs and risks. Expert witness testimony to juries will conflict and jury opinions may depend more on their perception of credibility of the expert than on the underlying soundness of the estimates. • In the American justice system, juries are charged with making all decisions about the facts in a case. They decide what is true and what is false. The judge then applies the law to those facts. It is difficult to understand how a jury of people who have little mathematical knowledge and no engineering background can decide what the engineering facts of a case are. • A design flaw exists whenever all copies of the product have the same flaw. Software bugs are all design flaws. A small flaw can have an enormous cumulative effect. The cumulative cost of 10 million people being slightly inconvenienced can be huge. Unless we change the criterion, to require correction of a problem only when social cost is much greater than manufacturer’s cost, manufacturers of massmarket products will face so much litigation over tiny defects, involving decisions that are even harder for juries because they are close calls that require more careful judgment, that liability protection will become one of the main concerns of the business (for those manufacturers who don’t simply abandon the field). The American Law Institute [29] published a rebalancing of products liability law to deal with issues like these. While this work has been very influential in the legal community, the process and result were enormously difficult and controversial. We don’t have to express opinions about these very difficult issues in this paper, or join debates about how well the legal system is handling them, because we are not suggesting this approach as a legal framework. We are suggesting it as a way for V&V professionals to think about the implications of their work in a context that strips them of other familiar touchstones for determining whether the decisions and practices around them are responsible and appropriate or not. In short, our proposal is this: Suppose that we drove the scope of testing by considering risks and the ways to mitigate them [30]: • Given a potential failure (a hazard), we could ask what kind of testing would be required to determine whether the software could fail in this way, how likely the failure, and what it would take to fix it. • What is our best starting estimate (guess) of the cost of doing the testing needed to expose failures of this kind? • What is our best starting estimate of the severity of such a failure, taking into account cumulative impact on all stakeholders (the vendor, the warfighter, the agency paying for the software, etc.)? • What is our best starting estimate of the probability of such a failure? If the estimated additional cost of testing (and fixing) is significantly less than the estimated risk (cost times probability), we should do the testing. Similarly, if there was some other way to mitigate the risk (such as better programming rather than better testing) that cost less than the testing, we should do that instead. If the estimated additional cost of mitigation is significantly less than the risk, we should not mitigate the risk. It is too expensive. If the estimated cost of mitigation is close to the risk, we should make the decision based on other heuristics, such as asking for guidance from the client who is paying for the simulation. To estimate the cumulative impact on all stakeholders, we have to identify all of the stakeholders and estimate the potential impact on each. A stakeholder is normally defined as “anyone who could be materially affected by the implementation of a new system or application” [31, p. 40]. We prefer a refinement to this definition suggested by Gause & Weinberg [32]. Some stakeholders are favored, some are disfavored, and some we ignore. • Most discussions of stakeholders are of favored stakeholders—the best system affects these people positively. • In contrast, the successful system affects disfavored stakeholders negatively. For example, an embezzler is a disfavored stakeholder of a bank security system. An enemy combatant is a disfavored stakeholder of any system designed to protect our troops or improve their combat capabilities. A complete stakeholder analysis should consider both classes. A system that protects our troops might be an utter failure if, in achieving this, it protects enemy combatants even more. Robertson & Robertson [33] and Gause & Weinberg [32] provide guidance, including brainstorming suggestions, for identifying the many potential stakeholders for a project or product, classifying them (favored, disfavored), grouping them, and deciding how important they are. If you learn better from videos, Kaner [34] created a worked example on video for students in Computer Law & Ethics courses at Florida Tech and the University of Illinois at Springfield. Some of the most important lessons of stakeholder analysis are: • There are more stakeholders than you think • Disfavored stakeholders may be very important • A stakeholder can be affected by the same system, or even by the same aspect of the same system, in more than one way • Favored stakeholders often have conflicts of interest: the same aspect of the system may both benefit and interfere with interests of the same person (for example, a particularly effective development process might reduce a vendor’s costs to complete the project, thereby increasing its profit on a fixedprice contract, but might also reduce the need for later maintenance and thus the opportunities for maintenance-related profits) • The interests of different favored stakeholders may conflict • A requirements document reflects a balance of power/influence among the stakeholders at the time it was written. Over time, the stakeholders change, their respective power changes, and the agreement reflected in the document no longer reflects the realities of the stakeholder group. If you try too hard to do a complete stakeholder analysis, you will be paralyzed by the scope of the work: This is an open-ended creative process. It is probably impractical to identify every stakeholder, and it is probably impossible to tell whether you have identified all of them. It is often impractical to treat each stakeholder (such as, every soldier who carries a certain type of weapon) individually. It is probably impossible to tell whether you have identified all of the interests (and thus the roots of all of the relevant costs and benefits) of a given stakeholder or stakeholder group. Thus, a stakeholder-focused cost/benefit analysis will always be incomplete and uncertain. This is not a precise estimation task, because that is not possible. This is a way of thinking about a system’s effects, the tasks that you might consider that could improve those effects, and the likely net cost or net benefit of such a task. The likely win from this type of analysis is that in doing the brainstorming, and in training yourself and your group to think along these lines, you will sometimes identify situations that will have a big effect on a class of stakeholders, and the impact is obviously significant compared to the cost of mitigating it. These make for easy decisions—once you identify them. 8. Developing Tests for Simulations Much of traditional verification and validation involves relatively simple tests that focus on some part of a specification (requirements spec, design spec, etc.). Testing coverage is measured by checking that all parts of all of the controlling specifications have tests associated with them, and not necessarily how powerful or insightprovoking those tests might be.[35] If a product is fully and accurately specified by its collection of specification documents, and if the tests cover all of the parts of the specifications in a way that includes tests for each way that the product might fail to meet one of the specification parts, then one could argue that this testing fully verifies the behavior of the product. Kaner would consider that argument incorrect even in this case, but that is a controversy that we can avoid in this paper. The problem is that even if “complete” specificationdriven testing were sufficient when the specifications are complete and accurate, when they are not (as in simulations), then testing that is solely driven by the specifications cannot be complete, or even adequate, by any reasonable criterion.[36] When dealing with complex systems, there is certainly value in creating a collection of fairly simple tests. If the program cannot do a specific function correctly, then running a test that involves that one function in combination with many others will involve a lot of work to expose a simple failure, both in running the test and in troubleshooting the failure to the extent needed to reveal that the problem is as narrow and simple as it is. However, once the individual features seem to work on their own, there is a lot of value in tests that run these features together in ways that stakeholders will find meaningful. In a simulation, if it is not fully specifiable and the requirements / expected behavior are not fully understood, we won’t always know what behavior to expect when we create a realistic test case. By “realistic test case”, we mean a test in which the software is used to do something that a stakeholder will actually want to get done. A welldesigned test of this type provides a sample of the program’s behavior that a stakeholder can respond to and criticize. For example, a subject matter expert might say that it doesn’t matter what the specification says, under these circumstances, the simulation should not behave this way. Or a person who will use the equipment or follow the process being simulated might react to a test by saying that it is unworkable, that if the real equipment (or the real process) works this way, it will be too complex (too slow, too confusing, too something-bad) to be useful. Tests of this class thus mix verification (checking the actual behavior of the functions tested in combination against the behavior you would predict from the specifications) and validation (checking whether the behavior is desirable). Commercial software testers often call this type of testing, scenario testing. [37-39]. In a commercial software test, the typical scenario has five characteristics: • The test is based on a story about how the program is used, including information about the motivations of the people involved. • The story is motivating. A stakeholder with influence would push to fix a program that failed this test. (Anyone affected by a program is a stakeholder. A person who can influence development decisions is a stakeholder with influence.) • The story is credible. It not only could happen in the real world; stakeholders would believe that something like it probably will happen. • The story involves a complex use of the program or a complex environment or a complex set of data. • The test results are easy to evaluate. This is valuable for all tests, but is especially important for scenarios because they are complex. The Online M&S Glossary [6] defines scenarios differently: a simulation scenario under that definition might require a setup of the actual conditions being simulated, such as a realistic, live demonstration. That’s more extreme than we intend. Kaner & Bach [40] provide a video and slide set on the design of scenario tests. They identify 16 ways in which people generate scenarios. Each of these questions, taken on its own, might lead a tester to imagine a suite of related scenarios: • Write life histories for objects in the system. How was the object created, what happens to it, how is it used or modified, what does it interact with, when is it destroyed or discarded? • List possible users, analyze their interests and objectives. • Consider disfavored users: how do they want to abuse your system? • List system events. How does the system handle them? • List special events. What accommodations does the system make for these? • List benefits and create end-to-end tasks to check them. • Look at the specific transactions that people try to complete, such as opening a bank account or sending a message. What are all the steps, data items, outputs, displays, etc.? • What forms do the users work with? Work with them (read, write, modify, etc.) • Interview users about famous challenges and failures of the old system. • Work alongside users to see how they work and what they do. • Read about what systems like this are supposed to do. Play with competing systems. • Study complaints about the predecessor to this system or its competitors. • Create a mock business. Treat it as real and process its data. • Try converting real-life data from a competing or predecessor application. • Look at the output that competing applications can create. How would you create these reports / objects / whatever in your application? • Look for sequences: People (or the system) typically do task X in an order. What are the most common orders (sequences) of subtasks in achieving X? These are much like the activities / analyses you would expect from a requirements analyst, but there are differences: • Requirements analysts try to foster agreement about the system to be built. Testers exploit disagreements to predict problems with the system. • Testers don’t have to reach conclusions or make recommendations about how the product should work. They have to expose credible concerns to the stakeholders. • Testers don’t make the product design tradeoffs. They expose consequences of those tradeoffs, especially consequences that are unanticipated or more serious than expected. • Testers don’t have to respect agreements that were recorded in the requirements documents or other specifications. They can report anything as a problem that they think a stakeholder with influence should (but does not yet) know. • The set of scenario tests need not be exhaustive, just useful. A narrower definition of the “scenario” is an instantiation of a use case—essentially a description of a sequence of tasks or steps that the system should go through, along with the data it should receive and the responses it should generate [41]. In this tradition, the use case focuses on what the system should do, abstracting out the individual and her or his motivations [42, 43]. This is often useful for systems analysis, but not for our purposes in this paper. 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Bolton, “Rapid Software Testing (course slides),” Book Rapid Software Testing (course slides), Series Rapid Software Testing (course slides), Version 2.1.3 ed., Editor ed.^eds., 2007, pp. J. Campanella, Principles of Quality Costs, ASQ Quality Press, 1999. W.P. Keeton, et al., Prosser and Keeton on Torts, West Publishing, 1984. F.M. Gryna, “Quality Costs,” Juran's Quality Control Handbook, 4th ed., McGraw Hill, 1988. A.V. Feigenbaum, Total Quality Control McGrawHill, 1991. K. Beck, Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change, Addison-Wesley, 2005. 23. M. Fowler, Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code, Addison-Wesley, 2000. 24. W.P. Keeton, et al., Products Liability and Safety: Cases and Materials, Foundation Press, 1989. 25. R.A. Posner, Tort Law: Cases and Economic Analysis, Little Brown & Co., 1982. 26. Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co., vol. 174, 1981 p. 348 (California Court of Appeal). 27. General Motors Corp. v. Johnston, vol. 592, 1992 p. 1054 (Supreme Court of Alabama). 28. C. Kaner and D.L. Pels, Bad Software: What To Do When Software Fails, Wiley, 1998. 29. American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law Third, Torts: Products Liability, American Law Institute Publishers, 1998. 30. United States Coast Guard, “Risk-based Decisionmaking Guidelines,” http://www.uscg.mil/hq/gm/risk/e-guidelines/hazop.htm. 31. D. Leffingwell and D. Widrig, Managing Software Requirements: A Unified Approach, AddisonWesley, 2000. 32. D.C. Gause and G.M. Weinberg, Exploring Requirements: Quality Before Design, Dorset House, 1989. 33. S. Robertson and J. Robertson, Mastering the Requirements Process, Addison-Wesley, 1999, p. 404. 34. C. Kaner, “Interest Analysis,” 2006; http://www.testingeducation.org/k04/video/Copyrig htInterestAnalysis.wmv. 35. P.K. Davis, “Generalizing Concepts of Methods of Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) for Military Simulations,” RAND, 1992. 36. D. Brade, “Enhancing M&S Accreditation by Structuring Verification and Validation Results,” Proc. Winter Simulation Conference, Society for Computer Simulation, 2000. 37. C. Kaner, “The power of 'What If…' and nine ways to fuel your imagination: Cem Kaner on scenario testing,” Book The power of 'What If…' and nine ways to fuel your imagination: Cem Kaner on scenario testing, Series The power of 'What If…' and nine ways to fuel your imagination: Cem Kaner on scenario testing 5, ed., Editor ed.^eds., 2003, pp. 16-22. 38. J.M. Carroll, ed., Scenario-Based Design: Envisioning Work and Technology in System Development, John Wiley & Sons, 1995. 39. R.M.B. Young, P.B., “The use of scenarios in human-computer interaction research: Turbocharging the tortoise of cumulative science,” Proc. CHI+GI'87: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface, ACM Press, 1987, pp. 291-296. 40. C. Kaner and J. Bach, “A Course in Black Box Software Testing: Scenario Testing,” 2004; http://www.testingeducation.org/BBST/ScenarioTest ing.html. J. Rumbaugh, et al., The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, Addison-Wesley, 1999. A. Cockburn, Writing Effective Use Cases, AddisonWesley, 2001. S. Adolph and P. Bramble, Patterns for Effective Use Cases, Pearson Education, 2003. C. Kaner, “Quality cost analysis: Benefits and risks,” Software QA, vol. 3, no. 1, 1996, pp. 23. Acknowledgements These notes are partially based on research that was supported by NSF Grant 0629454 “Learning Units on Law and Ethics in Software Engineering” to Cem Kaner. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s)and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Much of the quality cost discussion, including Figure 1 updates work published in [44]. Much of the scenario discussion was previously published in [37] and [40]. 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Prevalence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in German professional firefighters. - PubMed - NCBI 1 selected item: 9842783 Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;155(12):1727-32. Wagner D1, Heinrichs M, Ehlert U. This study investigated the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid symptoms among professional firefighters in Germany and examined not only primary but also secondary traumatic stress disorder experienced by these firefighters who were exposed to the sufferings of others. To estimate the prevalence of trauma-related disorders, a representative group of 402 professional firefighters from the State of Rheinland-Pfalz in Germany was surveyed through use of the General Health Questionnaire, a PTSD Symptom Scale, a stress coping questionnaire, and a self-rating scale to assess bodily complaints. The current prevalence rate of PTSD symptoms among professional firefighters was 18.2%. About 27% of the recruited subjects had a mental disorder according to the General Health Questionnaire. Predictors for the extent of traumatic stress were longer job experience and the number of distressing missions during the last month. Traumatic stress also predicted psychiatric impairment beyond PTSD, such as depressive mood, psychosomatic complaints, social dysfunction, and substance abuse. The high prevalence of PTSD and other psychiatric impairments in firefighters indicates that they often fail to cope with primary and particularly secondary stress in their daily work. This problem, together with the individual psychological consequences and expenses related to work absenteeism and early retirement, seems to be very specific for the profession of firefighters. The present findings provide a better understanding of the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and PTSD in professional helpers and high-risk populations such as firefighters, emergency workers, and the police. 10.1176/ajp.155.12.1727
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Patent US8228151 - Electromagnetic energy transducer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn electromagnetic energy transducer configured to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy comprises two magnetic elements including a permanent magnetic element and a soft-magnetic element and an electrical coil. The permanent magnetic element and the soft-magnetic element are arranged to form...http://www.google.com/patents/US8228151?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8228151 - Electromagnetic energy transducerAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8228151 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 13/024,141Publication dateJul 24, 2012Filing dateFeb 9, 2011Priority dateApr 7, 2003Also published asDE10315765A1, DE10315765B4, DE112004001064D2, DE502004011924D1, EP1611662A1, EP1611662B1, EP2264875A1, US7710227, US8704625, US20060091984, US20100194213, US20110285487, US20120293288, WO2004093299A1Publication number024141, 13024141, US 8228151 B2, US 8228151B2, US-B2-8228151, US8228151 B2, US8228151B2InventorsFrank SchmidtOriginal AssigneeEnocean GmbhExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (56), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (2), Classifications (26), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectromagnetic energy transducerUS 8228151 B2Abstract An electromagnetic energy transducer configured to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy comprises two magnetic elements including a permanent magnetic element and a soft-magnetic element and an electrical coil. The permanent magnetic element and the soft-magnetic element are arranged to form a magnetic circuit and one of the two magnetic elements is movable in relation to the other of the two magnetic elements. The electrical coil surrounds a part of the soft magnetic element. The movable magnetic element is held in a first position by a spring force and moved into a second position by applying an external mechanical force exceeding the spring force, and at the first position the magnetic flux within the soft magnetic element is different than the flux at the second position. RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/757488, filed Apr. 9, 2010, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/245,615, filed Oct. 6, 2005, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/DE2004/000681, filed on Apr. 1, 2004, which claims priority from German application no. 103 15 765.4, filed Apr. 7, 2003, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an electromagnetic energy transducer having a permanent magnet, a soft-magnetic element and an electrical coil. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many different embodiments of electromagnetic energy transducers are known. Generators or electric motors may be mentioned by way of example in this context. In principle, every electromagnetic energy transducer is suitable for conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy, or of electrical energy to mechanical energy. These electromagnetic energy transducers are generally designed such that mechanical energy in the form of a rotary movement is converted to electrical energy by means of the electromechanical energy transducer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the invention is to provide an electromagnetic energy transducer which represents a power supply for miniaturized autonomous-power systems such as, in particular, radio switches, which power supply provides sufficient power for operation of the system, for example of the radio switch, at the time at which the power is required. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an electromagnetic transducer in a first rest position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an electromagnetic transducer according to an embodiment of the invention in which a permanent magnet 1 is formed, with a first permanent-magnet layer 2 and a second permanent-magnet layer 3. An axis 4 forms the rotation axis, about which the rotary movement takes place. In this embodiment, a moving element 5 is mounted by means of the axis 4 such that it can rotate with respect to the permanent magnet 1. Such mounting arrangements are well known to a person with ordinary skill in the art. Any such mounting can be used. Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2135843 *Apr 13, 1936Nov 8, 1938Associated Electric Lab IncMagnetogeneratorUS2436354Oct 11, 1943Feb 17, 1948Crooks Fuller AElectromagnet with armatureUS2471741 *May 10, 1946May 31, 1949Harris Robert CElectric generatorUS2784327 *May 9, 1955Mar 5, 1957Drescher John FImpulse generatorUS2832902 *Sep 17, 1956Apr 29, 1958Drescher John FImpulse generatorUS2904707 *Jan 11, 1957Sep 15, 1959Drescher John FImpulse generatorUS3116428 *Oct 16, 1961Dec 31, 1963Space Equipment CorpForce responsive electrical impulse generatorUS3130332 *Mar 15, 1960Apr 21, 1964Rheinmetall GmbhElectric impulse generator for the detonation of chargesUS3348080 *Jun 7, 1965Oct 17, 1967Gen Dynamics CorpImpulse generatorUS3480808Jan 14, 1964Nov 25, 1969Packard Bell Electronics CorpPower generatorUS3582695 *Aug 18, 1969Jun 1, 1971Scm CorpMechanically toggled electrical pulse generatorUS3693033Jun 24, 1971Sep 19, 1972Electromechanisms IncKey operated pulse generating deviceUS3799205Jul 18, 1966Mar 26, 1974Us ArmyFluid oscillatorsUS3928988Aug 10, 1973Dec 30, 1975Luth Claus PeterMagnetic control device for yarn guidesUS3984707Jul 13, 1973Oct 5, 1976Mcclintock Richard DSpring return linear signal generatorUS4367449Dec 17, 1980Jan 4, 1983Veisz GyoergyMagnetomechanical converterUS4412355Oct 14, 1981Oct 25, 1983Hughes Aircraft CompanyPush-button operated electrical power source for an optical communication linkUS4471353Oct 14, 1981Sep 11, 1984Hughes Aircraft CompanyPush-button switch for an electrical power sourceUS4625191Jul 12, 1985Nov 25, 1986Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.Safety electromagnetic relayUS4727344Oct 2, 1986Feb 23, 1988Omron Tateisi Electronics Co.Electromagnetic drive and polarized relayUS4831299Feb 18, 1988May 16, 1989Enakichi HayasakaHomopole type AC generatorUS4881054Aug 26, 1988Nov 14, 1989Schrack Elektronik-AktiengesellschaftRelay drive for polarized relayUS5150090Sep 22, 1989Sep 22, 1992Fujitsu LimitedElectromagnetic polar relayUS5227750Feb 20, 1992Jul 13, 1993Ped LimitedSolenoid operated switching deviceUS5608366Mar 6, 1995Mar 4, 1997Omron CorporationElectronmagnetic deviceUS6271660Jun 11, 1999Aug 7, 2001Mts Sytems CorporationPermanent multi-pole position magnetUS6479920Apr 9, 2001Nov 12, 2002Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationDirect charge radioisotope activation and power generationUS7005778Jul 30, 2003Feb 28, 2006Enocean GmbhApparatus for supplying power to a sensorUS7026900 *Sep 22, 2005Apr 11, 2006John GregoryMagnetic motion deviceUS7081685 *Oct 29, 2003Jul 25, 2006Meng-Hua FuShoe generator having a rotor with forward/reverse movementUS20020158727Apr 25, 2001Oct 31, 2002Namen Frederik T. VanBistable electro-magnetic mechanical actuatorUS20020196110May 29, 2002Dec 26, 2002Microlab, Inc.Reconfigurable power transistor using latching micromagnetic switchesUS20040150277 *Jan 31, 2003Aug 5, 2004Hiro MoriyasuLow profile push-pull magnetic vibrating apparatusUS20050035600May 22, 2002Feb 17, 2005Andre AlbsmeierInductive voltage generatorUS20060114084Jun 14, 2005Jun 1, 2006Magfusion, Inc.Latching micro-magnetic switch with improved thermal reliabilityUS20070075809Sep 24, 2006Apr 5, 2007Jun ShenElectromechanical Latching Relay and Method of Operating SameUS20080217926 *Mar 7, 2007Sep 11, 2008Aaron Patrick LemieuxElectrical Energy generatorDE226069C Title not availableDE2532621A1Jul 22, 1975Feb 3, 1977Bergwerksverband GmbhEinrichtung zur informationsuebertragung, insbesondere fuer den bergbauDE10011448A1Mar 10, 2000Sep 14, 2000Akira Matsushita KawasakiElectro-motive force generator using groups of magnetic elements each of which has bistable magnetic component with magnetic anisotropy in negative direction and fixed magnetic component with magnetic anisotropy in positive directionDE10025561A1May 24, 2000Dec 6, 2001Siemens AgEnergieautarker HochfrequenzsenderDE10125059A1May 22, 2001Dec 12, 2002Enocean GmbhInduktiver SpannungsgeneratorDE19627998A1Jul 11, 1996Aug 14, 1997Pohl & Mueller GmbhSafety lighting system e.g. for pedestrians or cyclistsDE19818580A1Apr 25, 1998Oct 28, 1999Dynamit Nobel AgGas generator to create rapid electrical energy pulse to ignite gas burnerDE19822781C1May 20, 1998Feb 10, 2000Siemens AgPyroelectric high voltage generator e.g. for radio apparatusDE19839464A1Aug 29, 1998Mar 9, 2000Contitech Formteile GmbhElektrodynamischer Aktuator mit schwingendem Feder-Masse-SystemDE19852470A1Nov 13, 1998May 25, 2000Gerhard WesselSystem for generating electrical energy operates a support rail over a coil guided at both ends into two bearings, and three permanent magnets on the rail with alternating polarity as well as springs fastened on both the rail's ends.DE19854949A1Nov 27, 1998May 31, 2000Achim HeinDeriving electrical energy from mechanical spring-mass damper systems involves converting mechanical movements of damper systems into electrical energy by inductive couplingGB856607A Title not availableGB1312927A Title not availableJPH05243038A Title not availableWO1998036395A2Feb 12, 1998Aug 20, 1998Bulst Wolf EckhartDevice and method for producing coded high-frequency signalsWO1999049556A1Sep 18, 1998Sep 30, 1999Detra SaConverter of mechanical energy into electric energy and apparatus equipped with sameWO2000043802A1Jan 14, 2000Jul 27, 2000Andre AlbsmeierConfiguration for producing a response signal carrying a piece of information and method for the remote inquiry of such a configurationWO2001067580A2Mar 5, 2001Sep 13, 2001Christopher BurrowElectric switch devicesWO2003096521A2May 7, 2003Nov 20, 2003Enocean GmbhDevice for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Brochure of the SDS Relais AG, Feb. 1990 (6 pages).Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8624447 *Nov 30, 2010Jan 7, 2014Schneider Electric Industries SasElectrical energy-generating device and remote control equipped with such a deviceUS20110133975 *Nov 30, 2010Jun 9, 2011Schneider Electric Industries SasElectrical energy-generating device and remote control equipped with such a device* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification335/296, 335/298, 310/171, 310/36, 310/168, 335/230, 335/302, 310/15, 335/238, 335/229, 310/29, 335/297, 335/284, 335/306, 310/12.12International ClassificationH01F3/00, H02K35/04, H01F7/14, H01F7/00, H02K17/42, H02K33/00, H01F1/00Cooperative ClassificationH01F7/14, H01H2239/076, H02K35/04European ClassificationH02K35/04Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 12, 2012ASAssignmentFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHMIDT, FRANK;REEL/FRAME:028033/0544Effective date: 20051227Owner name: ENOCEAN GMBH, GERMANYRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google
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java - Why doGet(), doPost() Methods are "protected"? - Stack Overflow Why doGet(), doPost() Methods are “protected”? 1 I'm confused about the access modifier of the doGet(), doPost() and other methods of HttpServlet class. Why are they protected? As per my understanding, the protected modifier of doGet() means that a client has to be in the same package (or a child - through inheritance) to access doGet(). So how will the invoking JSP or the container access it? java share|improve this question edited Feb 1 '13 at 4:32 asked Jan 28 '13 at 6:04 They're protected primarily for two reasons. So that external classes can't just call them, like you reasoned. Technically, there are ways to get around method visibility modifiers using Java Reflection (if the Security Manager allows it or there is none), but ordinarily, a protected method can only be accessed by classes in the same package or by subclasses, which brings me to point #2. So that subclasses or concrete implementations of HttpServlet can override them. Well, they can also be overridden if they were public, but see point #1. Now your other question, "So how will the invoking JSP or the Container access it?" HttpServlet implements the Servlet interface, which declares a service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) method. This, of course, by default becomes public in HttpServlet. This is the primary entry point (for containers) to call into HttpServlet implementations. My guess (I haven't dived into the source) is that the default implementation of HttpServlet checks the ServletRequest object passed in, which is actually an HttpServletRequest and which defines a getMethod() method that returns the HTTP method used. It then dispatches to either doGet() or doPost() depending on the HTTP request method. share|improve this answer answered Jan 28 '13 at 6:34 Good Try, Thanks you so much! – Jay Jain doGet and doPost are the basic methods in generating and sending the HttpResponse to the client (i.e usually Browser or HttpClient) Also, The container calls the Servlet.service() method which is public. It then calls the HttpServlet.service() method which is protected and it then call doGet()/doPost() method. share|improve this answer answered Jan 28 '13 at 6:12 Suppose I am having a class MyClass which is not a servlet, then do I want my class to have methods doGet and doPost? Well if it's not a servlet then how can it respond or capture any web based requests. Only servlets can capture and respond to web based requets. So it makes sense that I will be able to capture and respond to web based requests only if my class extends Servlet and and hence I will be able to use doGet, doPost and variuos other methods. share|improve this answer answered Jan 28 '13 at 6:09 well, I understand a class and servlet! Just thinking Here's from the official javadoc. And in the docs for doGet method: So HttpServlet is designed for inheritance and the entry point is the service method. Hence doGet is protected to enforce clear API. share|improve this answer edited Feb 1 '13 at 5:49 6,74621318 No link-only answers please. Can you quote the relevant part here? I think you are wondering about how the servlet container calls the protected method doGet and doPost. Actually there is an interface named javax.servlet.Servlet. A class named GenericServlet implement the interface. And the HTTPServlet class extends this GenericServlet. When there is an http request to an HTTPServlet, the container simply use the method service(...) declared in the interface. That method is public. Then in the GenericServlet, the service method called doGet and doPost. If your servlet class extends the HTTPServlet class and override the doPost method, then this method will finally get called. share|improve this answer answered Jan 28 '13 at 6:20 Better to have a class diagram to show the hirachy. I think the service method is still abstract in Generic Servlet Class! The Method Signature Is - public abstract void service (ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) Yes, it is abstract, I think HttpServlet overrides it. Think of protected as an invitation to override a method. You are deriving a class from HttpServlet so these methods are the ones to override. They all have a default action so you can just override the methods which are of interest to your application. 5,283125299 Embedded Jetty doGet called, expected doPost Why to use doGet or doPost in servlets
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Document Based Questions in American History (The DBQ Project) by Brady; Roden: The DBQ Project 9780971109858 Paperback - AbeBooks.com Home Brady; Roden Document Based Questions in American History (The DBQ Project) Brady; Roden Published by The DBQ Project, 2008 ISBN 10: 0971109850 / ISBN 13: 9780971109858 Title: Document Based Questions in American History... 1. Document Based Questions in American History Brady, C. & Roden, P. Published by The DBQ Project (2008) ISBN 10: 0971109850 ISBN 13: 9780971109858 Book Description The DBQ Project, 2008. Book Condition: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. In good all round condition. , 850grams, ISBN:0971109850. Bookseller Inventory # 7119510 2. Document Based Questions in American History Book Description The DBQ Project, 2008. Book Condition: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. With usual stamps and markings, In good all round condition. , 900grams, ISBN:0971109850. Bookseller Inventory # 6885710 3. Document Based Questions in American History Book Description The DBQ Project, 2008. Book Condition: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. With usual stamps and markings, In good all round condition. , 900grams, ISBN:0971109850. Bookseller Inventory # 6885714 4. Document Based Questions in American History Book Description The DBQ Project, 2008. Book Condition: Good. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. With usual stamps and markings, In good all round condition. , 900grams, ISBN:0971109850. Bookseller Inventory # 6885709 5. Document Based Questions in American History (The DBQ Project) Book Description The DBQ Project, 2008. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Brand new! 100% money-back guarantee if not satisfied!. Bookseller Inventory # mon0000006413 6. Document Based Questions in American History (The DBQ Project) C. and Roden, P. Brady Book Description The DBQ Project, 2008. Paperback. Book Condition: New. book. Bookseller Inventory # M0971109850 7. Document Based Questions in American History (The DBQ Project) Book Description The DBQ Project, 2008. Paperback. Book Condition: Good. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. Buy with confidence, excellent customer service!. Bookseller Inventory # 0971109850
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Motel 6 Dalton (GA) - UPDATED 2017 Reviews - TripAdvisor #13 of 22 Hotels in Dalton 2200 Chattanooga Road, I-75 at Exit #336, Dalton, GA 30720 Hotel amenities 48 more photos Room/Suite (4)View album Bathroom (2)View album View All Photos Professional photosTraveler photos (22)View Map 4Standard Room Getting you more information on this room See More Free Cancellation Best Price /night taxes & fees Select Check In Check Out 1 room 1 room 2 adults 2 adults 0 children 0 children Ages of Children: change Please provide ages Child 1 Age Age Update Search Show Room Prices {"BOOKING_FEATURES": ["IB_STREAMLINED_SELECTED_ROOM","IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN_US","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_INTERRUPTER","IB_SHOW_EMAIL_FOR_INSECURE_LOGIN","RCMS_INLINE_ROOM_GRID_MAX_OCC","IB_POST_BOOKING_LOGIN","IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS","IB_IRG_MATCH_META","MOB_BOOKING_EMAIL_AGREE_HIDE","CHILDREN_SEARCH","IB_EXPRESS_BOOK","IB_DW_INLINE_PASSWORD","HR_IB_EXCLUDE_TAXES_AND_FEES","IB_DW_CCNAME_WITH_AUTOCOMPLETE","IB_IRG_PERFORMANCE_METRICS_MOBILE","IB_BOOKNOW_CLEAN_WITH_ICON_SHORT_BTN","STORED_CARDS","IB_POST_BOOK_LOGIN_CTA","IB_PRICE_WINS_COPY","IB_DW_PROMPT_KNOWN_EMAIL","IB_PRICES_OUTSIDE_ROOM_BUTTON","IB_EXIT_INTERRUPTER","IB_SHOW_AMENITIES_AS_ICONS","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW","META_AIR","IB_REVIEW_BOOKING_BUTTON","IB_INLINE_ROOM_GRID","IBEX_HIGH_EQUITY_BRANDING","IB_PRICE_WINS_POST_TX","IB_BOOKING_FORM_FAVICON","IB_KIPLINGER_AWARD","IB_URGENCY_BLOCK","IB_NEW_REG_FLOW_POST_BOOK"] , "IMPRESSION_KEY": "8d8654172412456db61350178dfbe563", "roomSelectionModel": null, "ibAvailability": false, "metaAvailability": false, "numHacTries": -1, "checkIn": null, "checkOut": null, "lowestPrice": null, "hasDates": null, "hacComplete": false, "contentIdMappings": {}, "pollingEnabled": false, "preventScroll": false, "offerClickToken": null, "conditionalUpdate": false, "divClasses": "ppr_rup ppr_priv_ibex_inline_room_grid", "singlePartnerRoomGridWidget": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid","template":"ibex_room_grid__widget","dust":{},"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid","moduleList":["handlers","tracking"],"js":{"handlers":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))","tracking":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'tracking'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "multiPartnerRoomGridWidget": null, "mismatchMessage": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_mismatch_message","template":"ibex_mismatch_message__widget","dust":{},"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_mismatch_message","moduleList":["handler"],"js":{"handler":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handler'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "maxRoomsToShow": 300, "isTablet": false, "roomGridRowWidget": {"widget":{"name":"ibex_room_grid_row","template":"ibex_room_grid_row__widget","dust":{"amenities":"ibex_room_grid_row__amenities","bed_config":"ibex_room_grid_row__bed_config","condition_col":"ibex_room_grid_row__condition_col","price_text":"ibex_room_grid_row__price_text","reservation_col":"ibex_room_grid_row__reservation_col"},"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_room_grid_row","moduleList":[],"js":{}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null}, "mismatchMessageLightbox": null, "deviceInfo": "OtherOS OtherBrowser", "bookOnTripAdvisor": "Book on <img class=\"ibHeaderImg\" alt=\"TripAdvisor\" src=\"https:\/\/static.tacdn.com\/img2\/branding\/hotels\/sherpa-TA.png\"\/>"} {"widget":{"name":"ibex_photo_carousel","template":"ibex_photo_carousel__widget","dust":{"nav_controls":"ibex_photo_carousel__nav_controls"},"divClasses":"prw_rup prw_ibex_photo_carousel","moduleList":["handlers"],"js":{"handlers":"(ta.prwidgets.getjs(this,'handlers'))"}},"scriptFlags":null,"containerClass":null} 64 Reviews from our TripAdvisor Community Read reviews that mention: All reviews right next door reviews Clear all Click to rate,Terrible,Poor,Average,Very Good,ExcellentStart your review of Motel 6 Dalton Click to rate Carlosbdg2 reviews“ENJOYED MY STAY”Reviewed 1 week ago via mobileI will continue to come back on business trips and stay here. House keeping is done daily and the manager is a great guy. Hotel is a quite atmosphere, no loud people no hassles. Easy access to i-75 and convenient to stores and restaurants. ReportHelpful?Thank Carlosbdg joseflores22132 reviews“Awesome Hotel !”Reviewed 5 weeks ago This hotel is really great ! The owner himself is awesome and easily to get along with! The rooms are excellent and the WIFI is awesome too! Even the cleaning people are easy to get along with and very kind! I recommend this hotel to stay! very great hotel! ReportHelpful?Thank joseflores2213 Lewis CPigeon Forge, TennesseeLevel Contributor5 reviews5 hotel reviews4 helpful votes “Great stay”Reviewed December 29, 2016 via mobileThis is a great stay ! This is a family orientated motel with great people that run it ! Stop in and say hello to the owner Andy and his wife ! I stay here every year and that is why ! Andy bends over backwards to make this the best stay ! ReportHelpful?Thank Lewis C Andrew R1 review“GREAT STAY”Reviewed December 11, 2016 via mobileGood motel, Clean rooms, House keeping everyday, Ice machine/vending machine, Washer/Dryer. Manager is a great guy, humble and professional. Convenient stores walking distance. Mexican bar and grill right next door. ReportHelpful?Thank Andrew R dibuttsIndependence KYLevel Contributor42 reviews4 helpful votes “Clean and comfy.”Reviewed November 30, 2016 Economically priced, recently updated bath area and wood look floors. Comfortable beds, fridge and microwave. No breakfast, just coffee. Close to I75. Good for an overnight stay while traveling. Would definitely stay there again when traveling in the area. ReportHelpful?Thank dibutts gower2352West VirginiaLevel Contributor14 reviews14 hotel reviews4 helpful votes “Clean and Refreshing”Reviewed October 19, 2016 via mobileWasn't a bad stay at all. Stayed for four nights. Very close to I-75. Units have fridge and a microwave which was nice. Unit was clean upon entering. The beds were very comfortable even if they were a bit springy. Complementary coffee was ok. TV channel lineup impressive. HBO, Stars, tons of sports channels to. The shower in our room...More ReportHelpful?Thank gower2352 Chantal BSaint Augustine Beach, Florida1 review“Do not stay here”Reviewed October 7, 2016 via mobileTerrible, we reserved 2 rooms for 2 nights when I got here they only booked one. The next day they're trying to tell us it's check out time when I know I paid for 2 rooms for 2 nights. The rooms were sketchy and there is trash everywhere outside. Only reason we stayed is because everywhere else is booked due...More ReportHelpful?Thank Chantal B Robert R2 reviews2 helpful votes “A Bit Below Expectations.”Reviewed October 6, 2016 I made a reservation the day before and was disappointed that the rate was higher than what my confirmation said. It turns out the confirmation email gave an "average" rate, not the actual rate. A bit deceptive, I thought. The clerk did give me an AARP discount, so I ended up paying about what I expected. The room was simple...More ReportHelpful?Thank Robert R William BSarasota, FloridaLevel Contributor55 reviews7 hotel reviews9 helpful votes “Last minute stopover..”Reviewed September 5, 2016 I was almost a day behind my normal schedule and needed a place 2 crash 4 the night and just so happen 2 run into this place and I was really suprised. The rate was good and the room was very efficient with a microwave and a mini-fridge which was not was I was anticipating but was happy it was...More ReportHelpful?Thank William B Michelle G1 review“MUST READ”Reviewed July 23, 2016 via mobileHorrible stay we drove all day long and just wanted a nice quite hotel for us to stay 1 night. it was clean for the most part but tv didn't work good... And the people outside we're so disrespectful...... People we're playing there music to loud coming and bagging on OUR DOOR WHILE MY SON IS TRYING TO SLEEP SO...More ReportHelpful?Thank Michelle G Previous Updating list... Questions? Get answers from hotel staff and past guests. Ask a question Explore similar hotels Econo Lodge Dalton123 ReviewsShow Prices 0.1 miles Howard Johnson Dalton355 ReviewsShow Prices 2.1 miles Comfort Inn & Suites Dalton190 ReviewsShow Prices 2.6 miles See all Dalton hotels Browse nearby Show Prices Show Prices Show Prices Near Motel 6 Dalton Top-rated Attractions Nearby 63 Reviews Historic Western & Atlantic Railroad Tunnel Address: 2200 Chattanooga Road, I-75 at Exit #336, Dalton, GA 30720 Location: TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Motel-6, Orbitz, Hotels.com, Priceline, Travelocity and Booking.com so you can book your Motel 6 Dalton reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers. Posting guidelines Get notified about new answers to your questions. Ask Typical questions asked: Can tickets for local attractions be purchased at the front desk? Do you have to pay extra for a mini-fridge? At what time does the pool open each day? See which rooms travelers prefer “Reserve a room in rear of bldg for less road noise.” dibutts, Nov 30, 2016 G6377PJrobertr, Oct 6, 2016 J9402NWwilliamb, Sep 5, 2016
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Patent US5410388 - Automatic compensation for toner concentration drift due to developer aging - Google Patents A method of maintaining consistent large solid area development by developing a large area test patch covering the image area of a photorececptor and detecting the lead edge and trail edge density of the test patch using a densitometer to measure reflectance. If a density differential between lead and...http://www.google.com/patents/US5410388?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5410388 - Automatic compensation for toner concentration drift due to developer aging Publication number US5410388 A Application number US 08/061,949 Publication number 061949, 08061949, US 5410388 A, US 5410388A, US-A-5410388, US5410388 A, US5410388A Inventors James M. Pacer, Brendan C. Casey, George F. Bergen, Patricia J. Weber, William M. OuYang, Vilmarie Lopez-Heroux Automatic compensation for toner concentration drift due to developer aging US 5410388 A A method of maintaining consistent large solid area development by developing a large area test patch covering the image area of a photorececptor and detecting the lead edge and trail edge density of the test patch using a densitometer to measure reflectance. If a density differential between lead and trail edge density is detected, electrostatic parameters such as toner concentration, developer bias, and photoreceptor potential are adjusted to maintain constant large solid area development. 1. In a machine having an imaging surface, a projecting system for projecting an image onto the imaging surface, a developer for application of toner to the image projected onto the imaging surface for transfer of the image to a copy sheet, the developer responding to given set points including developer bias and imaging surface potentials, the method of automatic adjustment of the developer comprising the steps of; routinely sensing toner mass on a first developed patch within an interimage space on the imaging surface, adjusting the developer bias and imaging surface potentials in response to the routine sensing of the toner mass, upon predetermined machine operation, sensing toner mass on a second developed patch covering at least a portion of an image space on the imaging surface, and responding to said machine operation sensing to calibrate the set points of the developer for routinely sensing the toner mass on the first developed patch within the interimage space on the imaging surface. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second developed patch covering at least a portion of the image space on the imaging surface covers the entire image space on the imaging surface. 4. In a machine having an imaging surface, a projecting system for projecting an image onto the imaging surface, a developer controlled by given set points for application of toner to the image projected onto the imaging surface, the method of automatic adjustment of the developer set points comprising the steps of developing a test patch on the imaging surface, determining a difference in toner concentration at two locations on the test patch developed on the imaging surface, comparing a field potential at the developer to a reference potential, and selectively adjusting the set points in response to said comparing. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said field potential is the difference between a developer bias voltage and a background voltage on the imaging surface. The present invention is concerned with a method of maintaining consistent large solid area development by developing a large area test patch covering the image area of a photoreceptor and detecting the lead edge and trail edge density of the test patch using a densitometer to measure reflectance. If a density differential between lead and trail edge density is detected, electrostatic parameters such as toner concentration, developer bias, and photoreceptor potential are adjusted to maintain constant large solid area development. FIG. 1 schematically depicts an electrophotographic printing machine incorporating the features of the present invention therein. It will become evident from the following discussion that the present invention may be employed in a wide variety of applications such as light lens and printer applications and is not specifically limited in its application to the particular embodiment depicted herein. US4980723 * Nov 17, 1989 Dec 25, 1990 Xerox Corporation Horizontal image shift by shifting to a slower copying rate US6877251 * Jun 12, 2001 Apr 12, 2005 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Drying installation within a sheet-fed printing press US7013095 * Mar 3, 2004 Mar 14, 2006 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus with adjustable toner content in a developing device based on surface layer thickness of an image bearing member US7164868 Jan 4, 2006 Jan 16, 2007 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus with changeable image forming conditions due to changes in a surface layer thickness of an image bearing member US7389060 * Apr 21, 2006 Jun 17, 2008 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus for controlling variation of image density and toner concentration US8521047 * Aug 30, 2011 Aug 27, 2013 Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. Image forming apparatus and toner concentration sensor US20030206225 * Jun 12, 2001 Nov 6, 2003 Andreas Ihme Drying installation within a sheet-fed printing press US20040223776 * Mar 3, 2004 Nov 11, 2004 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus US20060110174 * Jan 4, 2006 May 25, 2006 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus US20060239701 * Apr 21, 2006 Oct 26, 2006 Mikio Ishibashi Image forming apparatus for controlling variation of image density and toner concentration US20120051770 * Aug 30, 2011 Mar 1, 2012 Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. Image forming apparatus and toner concentration sensor CN100428061C Mar 8, 2004 Oct 22, 2008 佳能株式会社 Imaging equipment DE10246736A1 * Oct 7, 2002 Apr 22, 2004 OCé PRINTING SYSTEMS GMBH Toner feed adjustment method for electrographic printer or copier with toner feed increased to maintain minimal toner feed to developer station EP1182515A2 * Jul 26, 2001 Feb 27, 2002 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Image forming device with a pulsed densitometer EP1182515A3 * Jul 26, 2001 Dec 8, 2004 Eastman Kodak Company Image forming device with a pulsed densitometer WO1999036834A1 * Jan 15, 1999 Jul 22, 1999 Oce Printing Systems Gmbh Printing and photocopying device and method whereby one toner mark is scanned at at least two points of measurement WO2015113615A1 * Jan 31, 2014 Aug 6, 2015 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. A method of controlling a printing process and controller therefor U.S. Classification 399/49, 399/55, 399/74, 118/688 Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PACER, JAMES M.;CASEY, BRENDAN C.;BERGEN, GEORGE F.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:006557/0575
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Harmony Ball Fashion Pendants | eBay This listing is for one Silver & Gold Music Notes Design Harmony Ball Pendant and Chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Chime Ball Pendant. This Silver & Gold Pendant is beautifully detailed and opens to reveal a glossy black chime ball which is 16mm in diameter. It has a lovely chime or jingle when shaken or with movement. Size 30mm H, and it comes with a silver chain as shown. A beautiful piece to own, or would make a lovely gift for a friend or loved one!! Thanks for looking !!! Silver & Black Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain Silver & Rose Gold Waves Design Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain This listing is for one Silver & Rose Gold Filigree Harmony Ball Pendant and Chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Chime Ball Pendant. This Pendant is beautifully detailed with a filigree waves design and opens to reveal a polished Rose Gold chime ball which is 12mm in diameter. It has a lovely chime or jingle when shaken or with movement. Size 24mm H, and it comes with a silver rolo chain A beautiful piece to own, or would make a lovely gift for a friend or loved one!! Very eye-catching!! Thanks for looking !!! Silver & Red Teardrop Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant w/Chain This listing is for one Silver & Red Teardrop Harmony Ball Pendant with chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Ball pendant. The silver cage is beautifully detailed in a Moroccan design and set with diamantes. Inside sits a glossy red harmony ball that chimes or jingles with movement. This Pendant measures around 40mm H, the inner ball measures 16mm, and it comes with a long silver chain. A lovely piece to own, or to give as a gift!! Thanks for looking!!! This listing is for one Silver & Purple Filigree Harmony Ball Pendant and Chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Chime Ball Pendant. This Silver Pendant is beautifully detailed with a filigree swirls design, and opens to reveal a glossy purple chime ball which is 16mm in diameter. It has a lovely chime or jingle when shaken or with movement. Size 26mm H, and it comes with a silver chain as shown. A beautiful piece to own, or would make a lovely gift for a friend or loved one!! Thanks for looking !!! Teardrop HarmonyBall Pendant with chain. Silver & Cobalt Cube Shaped Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Pendant with chain This listing is for one Silver & Cobalt Cube Shaped Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely Pendant has a filigree crowns design and inside sits a glossy cobalt blue chime ball which has a sweet chime or jingle when shaken or with movement. This Pendant measures around 30mm H and it comes with a silver chain as shown. A lovely gift idea !! Thanks for looking !!! Silver & Lavender Diamante Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain This listing is for one Silver & Lavender Diamante Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely filigree pendant is around 20mm in diameter, the inner glossy lavender chime ball is 16mm in diameter, and it comes with a silver chain as shown. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift!! Thanks for looking !!! Silver & Magenta Frangipanis Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain Petite Rose Gold Diamante Angel Wings Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain This sweet little Pendant is beautifully detailed with a filigree design and Angel Wings set with diamantes. Petite Gold Diamante Angel Wings Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain Silver & Gold Cube Shaped Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Pendant with chain This listing is for one Silver & Gold Cube Shaped Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely Pendant has a filigree crowns design and inside sits a polished gold chime ball which has a sweet chime or jingle when shaken or with movement. This Pendant measures around 30mm H and it comes with a silver chain as shown. A lovely gift idea !! Thanks for looking !!! Silver & Lavender Feathers Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain Petite Silver & Gold Diamante Angel Wings Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain This listing is for one Silver & Red Teardrop Harmony Ball Pendant with chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Ball pendant. The silver cage is beautifully detailed in a Moroccan design and set with diamantes. Inside sits a polished gold harmony ball that chimes or jingles with movement. This Pendant measures around 40mm H, the inner ball measures 16mm, and it comes with a long silver chain. A lovely piece to own, or to give as a gift!! Thanks for looking!!! Silver & Blue Teardrop Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant w/Chain This listing is for one Silver & Blue Teardrop Harmony Ball Pendant with chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Ball pendant. The silver cage is beautifully detailed in a Moroccan design and set with diamantes. Inside sits an iridescent blue harmony ball that chimes or jingles with movement. This Pendant measures around 40mm H, the inner ball measures 16mm, and it comes with a long silver chain. A lovely piece to own, or to give as a gift!! Thanks for looking!!! Vintage Gold & Green Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain Vintage Gold & Blue Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain Silver & Lime Green Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain Gunmetal & Gold Heart Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain Harmony Ball Pendant with chain. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift! Gold & Pink Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain This listing is for one Gold & Pink Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely pendant is around 25mm H, the inner chime ball is 16mm in diameter with an irridescent gold finish, and it comes with a gold chain as shown. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift!! Thanks for looking !!! Gold & Lilac Vines Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain This listing is for one Gold & Lilac Vines Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely pendant is around 28mm H, the inner chime ball is 16mm in diameter with a glossy lilac finish, and it comes with a gold chain as shown. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift!! Thanks for looking !!! This listing is for one Gold Floral Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely filigree pendant is around 28mm H, the inner chime ball is 14mm in diameter with a glossy latte/coffee finish, and it comes with a gold chain as shown. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift!! Thanks for looking !!! Silver & Pink Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain This listing is for one Silver & Pink Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely pendant is around 25mm H, the inner chime ball is 14mm in diameter, and it comes with a silver chain as shown. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift!! Thanks for looking !!! Gold & Purple Stars Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain This listing is for one Gold & Purple Stars Harmony Ball Pendant and Chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Chime Ball Pendant. This Pendant is beautifully detailed with a filigree stars design and opens to reveal a glossy purple chime ball which is 18mm in diameter. It has a lovely chime or jingle when shaken or with movement. Size 32mm H, and it comes with a gold chain A beautiful piece to own, or would make a lovely gift for a friend or loved one!! Thanks for looking !!! Silver Daisy Design Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain This listing is for one Silver Daisy Design Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely filigree pendant is around 22mm in diameter, the inner silver chime ball is 16mm, and it comes with a silver chain as shown. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift!! Thanks for looking !!! Silver & Fuchsia Filigree Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain This Silver Pendant is beautifully detailed with an open filigree design. Gold & Black Geometric Design Harmony Chime Ball Pendant w/Chain This listing is for one Gold & Black Geometric Design Harmony Ball Pendant and Chain. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life with this lovely Harmony Chime Ball Pendant. This Gold sphere shaped Pendant is beautifully detailed with a filigree design, and opens to reveal a glossy black chime ball which is 16mm in diameter. It has a lovely chime or jingle when shaken or with movement. Size 22mm in diameter and it comes with a gold bead chain as shown. A beautiful piece to own, or would make a lovely gift for a friend or loved one!! Very eye-catching!! Thanks for looking !!! Harmony Ball Pendant with chain. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift! The gold casing is beautifully detailed with an intricate floral design, and opens to reveal. Gold Angel Wings Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant with Chain This listing is for one Gold & Light Turquoise Angel Wings Harmony Chime Ball Angel Caller Pendant. Bring some harmony and tranquility into your life! This lovely filigree pendant is around 26mm H, the inner chime ball is 16mm in diameter with a glossy light turquoise finish, and it comes with a gold chain as shown. A lovely piece of jewellery to spoil yourself, or would make a wonderful gift!! Thanks for looking !!! 18K Gold Plated Harmony Ball Chime Angel Wings Caller Baby Pregnancy Pendant PRODUCT DETAILS: Harmony ball with angel wings pendant. Taking care of your plated jewellery. Our jewellery & accessories are made using delicate materials. We are not responsible for any discrepancies as this is just a guideline and there may be differences from person to person & product to product. Harmony Ball Pendant And Necklace Sterling Silver Harmony Ball with gold coloured metal ringing bell ball. Includes 76cm silver plated clasp necklace. Stones to choose from: Red, Blue, Black, Green. Ball is the size of a 20 cent piece. Can be worn during pregnancy to bring relaxation and peace. You are bidding on 1 harmony Ball. All colours available. Winning bidder chooses. 0 bidsEnding 28 May at 15:01 AEST2d 12h Gold Plated Harmony Pendant with Gold Plated Chime BALL & Tassel- New-
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Prediction methods and databases within chemoinformatics: emphasis on drugs and drug candidates. - PubMed - NCBI Format: AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 15713739FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File See comment in PubMed Commons belowBioinformatics. 2005 May 15;21(10):2145-60. Epub 2005 Feb 15.Prediction methods and databases within chemoinformatics: emphasis on drugs and drug candidates.Jónsdóttir SO1, Jørgensen FS, Brunak S.Author information1Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. [email protected]: To gather information about available databases and chemoinformatics methods for prediction of properties relevant to the drug discovery and optimization process.RESULTS: We present an overview of the most important databases with 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional structural information about drugs and drug candidates, and of databases with relevant properties. Access to experimental data and numerical methods for selecting and utilizing these data is crucial for developing accurate predictive in silico models. Many interesting predictive methods for classifying the suitability of chemical compounds as potential drugs, as well as for predicting their physico-chemical and ADMET properties have been proposed in recent years. These methods are discussed, and some possible future directions in this rapidly developing field are described.PMID: 15713739 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti314 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free full textSharePublication Types, MeSH Terms, SubstancesPublication TypesReviewMeSH TermsChemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods*Computational Biology/methods*Databases, Factual*Drug Design*Models, Chemical*Models, MolecularPharmaceutical Preparations/analysisPharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry*Pharmaceutical Preparations/classification*Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolismStructure-Activity RelationshipSubstancesPharmaceutical PreparationsLinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesHighWireOvid Technologies, Inc.Other Literature SourcesCOS Scholar UniverseMedicalMedicines - MedlinePlus Health InformationPubMed Commons home
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The shackling of Poland’s top court is the latest troubling sign that Jarosław Kaczyński is taking his country in Hungary’s illiberal direction Thu 31 Dec 2015 07.11 EST Last modified on Thu 31 Dec 2015 08.43 EST Law and Justice party leader Jarosław Kaczyński. Photograph: Marcin Wziontek/Rex Features Democracy is under threat in Poland, the European Union’s sixth-largest member state. Just two months after the nationalist Law and Justice (PiS) party won parliamentary elections and took over government, this is a view shared by more than half of the Polish people (56%). On Monday, despite protests from the European commission and tens of thousands of Poles who have taken to the streets in recent weeks, the Polish president, Andrzej Duda, signed into law a controversial bill undermining the ability of Poland’s judiciary to effectively maintain checks on parliament. The bill requires Poland’s 15-member constitutional tribunal, which assesses the constitutionality of bills passed by parliament, to reach a two-thirds majority before it can block legislation, arbitrarily raising the threshold from a simple majority – while at the same time the PiS is trying to stack the tribunal with party loyalists. The amendment also includes other curbs on the tribunal’s judicial oversight. Lech Wałęsa, leader of the pro-democracy Solidarity movement that ended communism in Poland, said the PiS was “acting against democracy” and “ridicules us in the world”. Law to curb power of top court 'is end of democracy in Poland' Mateusz Kijowski, head of the Committee for the Defence of Democracy (KOD), which organised the nationwide protests against the legislation, said its enactment signalled the “end of democracy in Poland”. But for PiS leader Jarosław Kaczyński, the constitutional tribunal is merely a “political organ” of the former ruling party, Civic Platform. It wants Poland to “continue being plundered by ex-communists and their buddies so it would have blocked our plans to give cash-handouts to parents as it doesn’t want ordinary Poles to get anything”. Hence the pre-emptive strike. Kaczyński holds no formal position in government but few in Poland doubt it is the veteran politician, in firm control of his party, who is issuing orders to Duda and the prime minister, Beata Szydło, both loyal proteges. Kaczyński believes post-communist Poland was, at the onset, appropriated by cliques of unpatriotic and amoral cynics who sold the country to the highest bidder and placed their friends in key institutions to ensure the lion’s share of benefits from the country’s economic transformation were shared among a privileged elite. Wresting the state back from these unpatriotic forces, in Kaczyński’s view, will require revolutionary determination. “They [the constitutional tribunal] don’t want us to chase away the clique of cronies who’ve taken over the state, but you can count on us, we will prevail,” says Kaczyński. For PiS, those taking part in street protests against the curbs on the tribunal are either frustrated at “losing their privileges” as Szydło claimed, or “don’t have brains which function properly” as Kaczyński observed. Rendering judicial oversight over parliament ineffective was just a warm-up though. Yesterday, PiS passed a bill enabling the treasury minister to directly appoint the heads of Poland’s state-owned TV and radio stations instead of the National Broadcasting Commission. That’s like George Osborne getting to decide who runs the BBC. An anti-government demonstration in front of Jarosław Kaczyński’s home. Photograph: Wojtek Radwański/AFP/Getty Images Ryszard Terlecki, head of PiS’s parliamentary club, was forthright about why his party wants direct control of public media. “If the media imagine that for the next few weeks they will be absorbing Poles’ attention with criticism of our changes or policies, then that has to be stopped,” he stated. PiS has also passed legislation enabling it to easily fire civil service officials and has introduced bills that would give the police and intelligence services increased surveillance powers on citizens – despite the fact Poland hardly faces any credible terrorist threat. Critics fear these will be used to monitor “unfriendly” journalists and NGOs. Kaczyński once vowed to “bring Budapest to Warsaw”, expressing admiration for authoritarian Hungarian PM Viktor Orbán who favours “illiberal” democracy. Though he focused on bread-and-butter issues during the parliamentary campaign, once power was captured, Kaczyński wasted no time adopting Orbánesque tactics of removing any effective checks to his rule between now and the next elections. But the more PiS flouts the rules of democracy, the more reluctant its leaders will be to lose power for fear of the future prosecution that could await them. “Reforming” Poland’s electoral laws (as Orbán did in Hungary) in a way that would make it hard to unseat PiS from power could thus also be on the cards. So what can be done? Only fierce resistance from Poles themselves, as well as intensified pressure from Brussels and Washington, could curb Kaczyński’s increasing appetite for total control. The EU allowed Orbán to get away with rubbishing liberal democracy in Hungary, a mistake that set a dangerous precedent. Why shouldn’t Kaczyński believe he can get away with it as well? Europe must not let that happen. Poland is too big and important an EU member to be allowed stray into the “illiberal” democracy camp. Brussels and Washington have leverage over Warsaw. The EU remains popular among Poles, with 86% backing membership. Hardly surprising considering Poland is the largest recipient of EU development funds, used to build highways, roads and other infrastructure serving to modernise the country. Marine Le Pen is not alone, and that is a real problem for the EU Polish citizens see tangible benefits from EU membership and won’t tolerate those benefits being jeopardised by any government. Moreover, Poles, especially urban-dwellers, want Poland to be associated with that exclusive club dubbed “the west” with the connotation that brings of development and advanced societies. If key EU players speak out categorically against PiS’s undemocratic practises, emphasising this is not the way western democracies function, this will surely have an effect on Polish public opinion – something PiS must take account of. Washington, meanwhile, has considerable leverage over PiS firstly because the party is generally very pro-American, and secondly because it considers the US the only viable guarantor of Polish security in the event of aggression from its feared neighbour, Russia. PiS’s foreign policy priority is securing a permanent Nato base in Poland. This won’t happen without strong support from Washington so Obama should use US influence to ensure Poland’s government does not continue wantonly flouting the rules of liberal democracy. The message to PiS needs to be crystal clear. If Brussels and Washington stop at half-hearted protests against what PiS is doing, Kaczyński and his party will simply shrug them off and continue to dismantle liberal democracy in Poland one parliamentary bill at a time. The nation which produced the Solidarity movement does not deserve such a future. The people of Poland should not be abandoned in these trying times.
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by elizabethvm Draw a piece of art using onlywellington boots. 2. What do you know about... Space 3. See how many words you can make from theletters given below and then create astrange, cheeky or really long sentence usingthe words. IMOSRAPLDECTIEDBS Letters can only be used once unless they appear more than once. 4. You walk into class and instead of yourteacher you find an astronaut sitting inthe chair. He tells you, that you can askthree questions. What three questionswould you ask him and why? 5. Design a football shirt for theEngland team to wear at the world cup. 6. Write down one sentence to explainwhere you would like to be in ten yearstime. 7. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 100 50 75 3 10 7 Target Number: 423 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 8. How many words can you makefrom these letters? D C T M A U E P G 9. If this is the answer what could thequestion be? Three biscuits and a fox! 11. If you could swap places with someonefor a day who would you pick and why? 12. Create one rule that everyone will haveto follow until the end of the day. The winners rule will be obeyed for the rest of the day. 13. Write down oneperson that inspiresyou and explain why. 14. Create a caption to go with thefollowing picture: 15. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: M S T E A P L A M 16. Come up with tworeasons why theschool should allowyou to stay. 17. How would you balance these 6 weights?5kg, 11kg, 29kg, 19kg, 7kg and 23kg 18. How many squares are there on a chessboard? 19. The security door at a football ground has adoor code of 1966. The door can, in fact be opened by anycombination of these numbers (e.g. 6196). Howmany different combinations are there to openthe door? 20. You travel to the moon, write a postcardto your friend explaining what it is likethere. 21. If this is the answer, what is the question? A football and an elephant. 22. Write as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 23. Write as many words as you can that startand end with the same letter. 24. Use as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 25. Im a celebrity get me teaching here! Which celebrity would you like to teach your maths lesson and why? 26. Draw a picture that sums up what youhave learnt about space.It can be abstract, stick figures, cartoonesque, mind map/spiderdiagram etc. 27. If this is the answer, what is the question? Snow 28. Write a description of an Alien. 29. How many words can you makefrom these letters? E R L H F O P A N 30. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 100 75 20 4 9 5 Target Number: 645 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 31. Write down a Space topic word for as manyletters of the alphabet as you can. 32. Describe this character. 33. Can you turn the fish around by movingonly 3 matches? 34. Can you makethe numbers 1to 20 using onlythe keys on thisbrokencalculator? 35. Use as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 36. If this is the answer, what is the question? Miss Parker 37. Write three points to argue for oragainst the following question. Should children get paid for attending school? 38. What do you know about... Victorians 39. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: E R L C A D T S I 40. You hear a humming noise. Whatcould it be and where could it becoming from? 41. Describe this character. 42. How many rectangles can you see? 43. Write down as many ‘wow words’ as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 44. If this is the answer, what is the question?Take your first left and then second right. 45. A teenage girl is alone in a hauntedhouse, describe how she might be feeling? 46. How many squares in this picture? 47. Write three points to argue for oragainst the following question. Should children be allowed to watch TV during a school week? 48. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 75 20 25 2 8 6 Target Number: 376 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 49. If this is the answer, what is the question? 50. Describe this character. 51. Write down as manydifferent calculationsas you can that givethe answer 52. Write down as many wow words asyou can to describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 53. See how many words you can make from theletters given below and then create astrange, cheeky or really long sentence usingthe words. ATIHLEDCNOKGEOLSB Letters can only be used once unless they appear more than once. 54. What happens next? 55. How many triangles in this picture? CHALLENGE: How many hexagons in this picture? 56. You find a message in a bottle, whatdoes the message say? 57. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: O H P U T F L E A 58. Draw a picture that sums up what youhave learnt about the Victorians.It can be abstract, stick figures, cartoonesque, mind map/spiderdiagram etc. 59. Write down as many wow words as youcan to describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 60. Write down as manydifferent calculationsas you can that givethe answer 61. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 100 50 25 4 9 10 Target Number: 598 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 62. How many squares in this picture?CHALLENGE: How many triangles in this picture? 63. Playing computer games arebetter than playing outside Give 5 reasons for each one! Playing outside is better than playing computer games 64. List the differences between ourclassroom and a Victorian classroom. 65. Write down a Victorian topic word for asmany letters of the alphabet as you can. 66. Describe your class teacher. 67. Write three points to argue for oragainst the following question. Should Christmas holidays be extended to 3 weeks instead of 2? 68. Can you make thenumbers 1 to 20using only thebuttons on thiscalculator? 69. What do you know about... Tudors 70. Write down as manydifferent calculationsas you can that givethe answer 71. Write a caption for this picture. 72. How many numbersfrom 1 to 20 can youmake using only thenumbers 1, 2, 3 and 5. You can add, subtract, multiply or divide. 73. You walk into class and instead of yourteacher you find King Henry VIII sitting inthe chair. He tells you, that you can askthree questions. What three questionswould you ask him and why? 74. If this is the answer what is the question? Green and purple. 75. Write as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 76. Describe King Henry VIII 77. You open your eyes onemorning and everythingin your room ispink, why? 78. Write as manywow words as youcan to describethis picture.Remember the five senses! 79. If this is the answer, what is the question? 80. You can hear scratching noises, what couldit be and where is it coming from? 81. Write down as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 82. See how many words you can make from theletters given below and then create astrange, cheeky or really long sentence usingthe words. EDXINOTBCOSLAATJL Letters can only be used once unless they appear more than once. 83. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 25 50 9 3 10 7 Target Number: 761 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 84. Don’t say “said” say…… How manyalternatives can youthink of? 85. Write as manyfacts as you canabout 53Eg. It is a 2-digit number. 86. What happens next? 87. How many squares in this picture? 88. Write down as many differentcalculations as you can thatgive the answer 89. The three little pigs want tobuild another house.Suggest three newmaterials they could useand why? 90. How many words can you makefrom these letters? M T A H J S O R I 91. Write as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 92. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: H I E T D M U A R 93. Computers are better than books Give 5 reasons for each one! Books are better than computers 94. You arrive in your classroom to find it is theyear 2099, what is different? 95. In the World Cup final Wayne Rooneymisses his penalty and Spain go on towin the competition. Describe howWayne Rooney might feel. 96. Draw a picture that sums up what youhave learnt about the Tudors.It can be abstract, stick figures, cartoonesque, mind map/spiderdiagram etc. 97. Think of someone that is successful, theycan be young or old, famous or not etc.Write down three reasons why they aresuccessful. 98. Write down a Tudor topic word for asmany letters of the alphabet as you can. 99. Write as manyfacts as you canabout 100Eg. It is an even number. 100. Can you make thenumbers 1 to 20using only thebuttons on thiscalculator? 101. How many squares in this picture? 102. See how many words you can make from theletters given below and then create astrange, cheeky or really long sentence usingthe words. ABEJVITCLODSEETRK Letters can only be used once unless they appear more than once. 103. Think of as many things asyou can that are shorterthan 1 metre but longer than50 centimetres. 104. Thinks of as many ways to completethis word as possible: F__________t 105. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 100 25 50 6 10 1 Target Number: 676 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 106. Write a caption for this picture. 107. Write down as manydifferent calculationsas you can that givethe answer 108. Why is this ladder here? Describe whatcould be seen or heard on the other side ofthe wall. 109. Write as manyfacts as you canabout 21Eg. It is an odd number. 110. If this is the answer, what is the question? 111. Write down as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 112. How many triangles in this picture? 113. = 64= 79= 110= 38= 65 114. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: U S T H O M L E J 115. Travelling in a car is thebest form of transport Give 5 reasons for each one! Walking is the best form of transport 116. How many words can you makefrom these letters? A D M C N E P T O 117. Don’t say “got” say ……How many alternativescan you think of? 118. Use as manywow words asyou can todescribe thispicture.Remember the five senses. 119. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 100 75 50 4 10 1 Target Number: 343 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 120. Write down as manydifferent calculationsas you can that givethe answer 121. Would you prefer to live in a snowy, colddestination or a hot sunny destination?Why? 122. Write a caption for this picture. 123. How many words can you makefrom these letters? A F R T E D L O M 124. If this is the answer, what is the question? Mr May 125. Think of as many ways to complete this word as possible. St________n 126. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: G O H T A E R H L 127. Don’t say “went” say…… How manyalternatives can youthink of? 128. Being a child is better Give 5 reasons for each one! Being an adult is better 129. Write three points to argue for oragainst the following statement.Everyone should wear school uniform. 130. Write down as manydifferent calculationsas you can that givethe answer 131. How many words can you makefrom these letters? I R K C E M S U L 132. A 30 year old man has just completed theLondon Marathon, describe how he mightbe feeling? 133. Don’t say “walk” say…… How manyalternatives can youthink of? 134. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 25 50 75 4 8 5 Target Number: 456 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 135. See how many words you can make from theletters given below and then create a strange,cheeky or really long sentence using thewords. OLEBVODSVAWHIOFJC Letters can only be used once unless they appear more than once. 136. Write as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 137. Think of 5 possibilities for each number sentence. ? + ? = 50 ? - ? = 50 138. Write three points to argue for oragainst the following statement.Schools should not set children homework. 139. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: S L E C A H E M T 140. A girl in year 3 is being bullied in school,describe how she might be feeling? 141. Write as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 142. You hear a hissing noise, what could it beand where could it be coming from? 143. Literacy lessons are better Give 5 reasons for each one! Maths lessons are better 144. Write as many wow words as youcan to describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 145. Write down as manydifferent calculationsas you can that givethe answer 146. An England football fan is watchingEngland against Germany in a WorldCup final. England end up losing thegame 2-1, describe how the England fanmight feel? 147. Write three points to argue for or againstthe following statement. Should 10 year olds be allowed to drive. 148. Write as manywow words as youcan to describe thispicture.Remember the five senses! 149. If you could be an animal what would yoube and why? 150. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 75 25 50 3 7 1 Target Number: 598 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 151. Can you find... 152. Write as many wow words asyou can to describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 153. What happens next? 154. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: A G T L O P E M S 155. Which of the numbers 1 to 20can you make with the digits: 4, 5, 6 and 7 You can use addition, subtraction, multiplication or division. 156. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 100 50 5 2 10 6 Target Number: 743 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 157. Write as many wow words as you can todescribe this picture. Remember the five senses! 158. You meet a child from another country.What questions would you ask them? 159. If you could visit a time in history, wherewould you go and why? 160. Write a set of instructions to guide anew child from class 5P to the musicroom. 161. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: N E G L D P A E N 162. If you could have anyone’s job in theworld, who’s job would you chooseand why? 163. Write as manywow words as youcan to describethis picture. Remember the five senses! 164. What happens next? 165. You find a strange creature in your gardenone night, describe it. 166. Write as manywow words asyou canto describe thispicture.Remember the five senses! 167. You can hear a whistling noise. What couldit be and where has it come from? 168. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 50 25 5 2 10 4 Target Number: 456 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 169. Write as many wow words as you canto describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 170. If this is the answer, what is the question? Sky 171. Think of 5 possibilities for each number sentence. ? + ? = 100 ? - ? = 100 172. Write as many wow words as you can todescribe this picture. Remember the five senses! 173. Describe thischaracter. 174. Try to make the longest word you canusing these nine letters: I N V E S E R T D 175. What happens next? 176. Write a captionfor this picture. 177. When you get home there isa giant lump under yourcarpet. What could it be?How did it get there? 178. How many squares can be found by joiningfour dots on the grid below? 179. Write as many wow words as youcan to describe this picture. Remember the five senses! 180. How many words can you makefrom these letters? L A T D N R O I B 181. How many triangles in this picture? 182. If you could visit somewhere elsein the world, where would you goand why? 183. Try to get as close as you can to the target number using thesesix numbers: 100 75 25 6 8 3 Target Number: 672 You cant use the same number more than once. Only plus, minus, times and divide are allowed. 184. Write as many wow words as you can todescribe this picture. Remember the five senses! 185. Come up with any question that you wantto find out the answer to and write it on apost-it note with your name on it.My challenge is to find the answer to allyour questions! Recommended
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Dahlquist_KD [Author] AND pubmed pmc local[sb] AND loprovpmc[sb] - PubMed - NCBI Create RSSRSS SettingsSearch: Dahlquist_KD [Author] AND pubmed pmc local[sb] AND loprovpmc[sb]Number of items displayed:510152050100Feed name:Create RSSCreate alertAdvancedHelp Format: SummarySort by: Most RecentFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListSort byMost RecentRelevancePublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleApplySend toChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVSort byMost RecentRelevancePublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleCreate FileSearch: Dahlquist_KD [Author] AND pubmed pmc local[sb] AND loprovpmc[sb] FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataSort byMost RecentRelevancePublication DateFirst AuthorLast AuthorJournalTitleE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File Select item 264205041.Parameter Estimation for Gene Regulatory Networks from Microarray Data: Cold Shock Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Dahlquist KD, Fitzpatrick BG, Camacho ET, Entzminger SD, Wanner NC.Bull Math Biol. 2015 Aug;77(8):1457-92. doi: 10.1007/s11538-015-0092-6. Epub 2015 Sep 29.PMID: 26420504 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 205776532.Candidate genes for chromosomes 6 and 10 quantitative trait loci for age-related retinal degeneration in mice.Ogando DG, Dahlquist KD, Alizadeh M, Kunchithapautham K, Li J, Yu N, LaVail MM, Rohrer B, Vollrath D, Danciger M.Mol Vis. 2010 Jun 5;16:1004-18.PMID: 20577653 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 175882663.GenMAPP 2: new features and resources for pathway analysis.Salomonis N, Hanspers K, Zambon AC, Vranizan K, Lawlor SC, Dahlquist KD, Doniger SW, Stuart J, Conklin BR, Pico AR.BMC Bioinformatics. 2007 Jun 24;8:217.PMID: 17588266 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Select item 125402994.MAPPFinder: using Gene Ontology and GenMAPP to create a global gene-expression profile from microarray data.Doniger SW, Salomonis N, Dahlquist KD, Vranizan K, Lawlor SC, Conklin BR.Genome Biol. 2003;4(1):R7. Epub 2003 Jan 6.PMID: 12540299 Free PMC ArticleSimilar articles Supplemental Content Dahlquist_KD[Author] AND pubmed pmc local[sb] AND loprovpmc[sb]Search
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Words containing acyr | Words that contain acyr Words containing acyr | Words that contain acyr http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-acyrPrinter Friendly 9,836,539,768 visitors served Found 4 words containing acyr. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain acyr. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that start with acyr, Words that end in acyr 9 letter words containing acyr5 letter words containing acyrSee also9 letter words containing acyracyrologymetacyrbaparacyrba5 letter words containing acyrsacyrSee also:2-letter words with CWords that start with wWords that start with lWords that start with aWords with the letter qWords that end in jWords containing acyWords containing acyrbWords containing acyroWords containing acysWords containing acyu
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Becoming a Pythonist by shikinabdaziz Sajak: warkah kepada generasi tingk... Raji Engg, Software Developer A small guide for python beginners Becoming a PythonistBecoming a Pythonist 2. What is Python?Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object oriented-scripting languagePython is a case sensitive programming languageVery clear syntax + large and comprehensive standard libraryCan run on many platform: Windows, Linux, Mactonish 3. History of PythonCreated in 1990 by Guido Von RossumPython is derived from many other languages, including ABC,Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68, SmallTalk, and Unix shell and otherscripting languages. 4. Why Python? Python is robust Python is flexible Designed to be easy to learn and use Clean, clear syntax Very few Keywords Highly Portable Python reduces time to market Python is free 5. Productivity Reduced development timecode is 2-10x times shorter than C, C++, Java Improved Program MaintenanceCode is extremely readable Less TrainingLanguage is very easy to learn 6. What is it used for? Web Scripting Database applications GUI Applications Steering scientific Applications XML Processing Gaming, Images, Serial Ports, Robots and More.. 7. Python Vs Java Code 5-10 times more concise Dynamic typing Much Quicker DevelopmentNo compilation PhaseLess typing Yes, it runs slowerBut development is faster Python with Java - Jython 8. AdvantagesReadabilityIt Is Simple to Get SupportFast to LearnReusabilitySoftware qualityDeveloper ProductivityProgram PortabilitySupport LibrariesEnjoyment 9. Interactive “Shell” Great for learning the language Great for experimenting with the library Type statements or expressions at prompt: $python>>> print “Hello, World”Hello, World>>> 10. Variable Types Int a=1 a=1 a=2 a=2 Int b = a b=a 11. Basic DatatypesIntegers (default for numbers)z = 5 / 2 # Answer is 2, integer division.Floatsx = 3.456StringsCan use “” or ‘’ to specify. “abc” ‘abc’ (Same thing.)“““a‘b“c”””BooleanTrue and False 12. Whitespace and Comment There are no braces to indicate blocks of code for class andfunction definitions or flow control Standard indentation is 4 spaces or one tab# First commentif True:print "True"else:print "False" 13. Look at a sample of code…x = 34 - 23 # A comment.y = “Hello” # Another one.z = 3.45if z == 3.45 or y == “Hello”:x = x + 1y = y + “ World” # String concat.print xprint y>>> 12>>> Hello World 14. String Operations>>> “hello”.upper()‘HELLO’>>> print “%s xyz %d” % (“abc”, 34)abc xyz 34>>> names = [“Ben", “Chen", “Yaqin"]>>> ", ".join(names)‘Ben, Chen, Yaqin‘>>> " ".join(names)BenChenYaqin 15. Lists Lists are similar to arrays in C It can store same data type as well as different data type.list = [ abcd, 786 , 2.23, john, 70.2 ]>>> list[0]abcd>>> len(list)5>>> [1,2,3]+[4,5,6][1,2,3,4,5,6]>>> range(1,5)[1,2,3,4] 16. Built-in List Functions & Methods:list = [dora, 55, ram, 355.8]>>> list.append(obj) : list.append(guru) → [dora, 55, ram, 355.8,guru]>>>list.count(obj) : list.count(ram) →1>>>list.index(obj) : list.index(55) → 1>>>list.remove(obj) : list.remove(355.8) → [dora, 55, ram, guru]>>>list.reverse() : list.reverse() → [guru, ram, 55, dora]>>>list.pop() : list.pop() → [guru, ram, 55]>>>list[0:2] : list[0:2] → [guru, ram] 17. Tuples Tuples are sequences, just like lists. Tuples cannot be updated read-only lists>>>tuple = ( abcd, 786 , 2.23, john, 70.2 )>>> tuple[0]abcd>>> len(tuple)5>>> (1,2,3)+(4,5,6)(1,2,3,4,5,6)>>>min(tuple)2.23 18. Dictionary Dictionaries consist of pairs of keys and their correspondingvalues. Duplicate key is not allowed. Keys must be immutable. Dictionaries are indexed by keys.>>> dict = {Name: Zara, Age: 7, Class: First};>>>dict[Name]Zara>>>del dict[Name]{Age: 7, Class: First}>>>len(dict)2 19. Built-in Dictionary Functionsdict = {Name: Zara, Age: 7, Class: First};>>> dict.copy() : dict1 = dict.copy() → {Name: Zara, Age:7, Class: First};>>>dict.clear() : dict1.clear() →{}>>>dict.get(key) : dict.get(Age) → 7>>>dict.has_key(key) : dict.has_key(Age) → True>>>dict.items() : dict.items() → [(Age, 7), (Name,Zara), (Class, First)]>>>dict.keys() : dict.keys() →[Age, Name, Class]>>>dict.update(dict2) : dict.update(dict2)>>>dict.values() : dict.values() → [7, Zara, First] 20. Python LoopsFor Loop :for n in range(1, 4):print "This is the number"While Loop:n = 3while n > 0:print n, "is a nice number."n = n – 1 21. Defining a Functiondef sum(numbers):"""Finds the sum of the numbers in a list."""total = 0for number in numbers:total = total + numberreturn total>>>sum(range(1, 5))>>>10 22. Classes Classes usually have methods. Methods are functions whichalways take an instance of the class as the first argument.>>> Class Foo:... def __init__(self):... self.member = 1... def get_member(self):... return self.member...>>> f = Foo()>>> f.get_member()>>> 1 23. Python Modules Collection of stuff in foo.py file A module is a file consisting of Python code A module can define functions, classes, and variables. import mathcontent = dir(math)[__doc__, __file__, __name__, acos, asin, atan, atan2, ceil, cos,cosh, degrees, e, exp, fabs, floor, fmod, frexp, hypot, ldexp,log,log10, modf, pi, pow, radians, sin, sinh, sqrt, tan, tanh] 24. Packages in Python Collection of modules in directory Must have __init__.py and contains subpackages. Consider a file Pots.py available in Phone directory.Phone/Isdn.py file having function Isdn()Phone/G3.py file having function G3() # Now import your Phone Package(__init__.py).import PhonePhone.Pots()Phone.Isdn()Phone.G3() 25. Python Exceptions Handling An exception is a Python object that represents an error. When a Python script raises an exception, it must either handlethe exception immediately otherwise it would terminate andcome out. try:----except Exception :---else:--- try:---finally:--- 26. Web Frameworks for Python Collection of packages or modules which allow developers towrite Web applications Zope2 Web2py Pylons TurboGears Django 27. ik/ ki proiektua Rancangan pengajaran harian bahasa melayu tingkatan 2 shikinabdaziz
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Patent US6327535 - Location beaconing methods and systems - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsContext-aware computing systems and methods are described. In particular embodiments, location aware systems and methods are described. In the described embodiments, hierarchical tree structures are utilized to ascertain a device context or location. The tree structures can be stored on or accessible...http://www.google.com/patents/US6327535?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6327535 - Location beaconing methods and systemsAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6327535 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/543,646Publication dateDec 4, 2001Filing dateApr 5, 2000Priority dateApr 5, 2000Fee statusPaidPublication number09543646, 543646, US 6327535 B1, US 6327535B1, US-B1-6327535, US6327535 B1, US6327535B1InventorsStephen S. Evans, Gopal Parupudi, Burdette J. Holtgrewe, Edward F. 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OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010965/0209;SIGNING DATES FROM 20000607 TO 20000629Sep 17, 2002CCCertificate of correctionMay 12, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4May 6, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Mar 18, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Dec 9, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTONFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034541/0001Effective date: 20141014RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services
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Corazon-DeLeon comments on Big Show is looking super ripped for his return.jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | AskReddit-funny-pics-videos-gifs-todayilearned-news-worldnews-gaming-movies-aww-Showerthoughts-IAmA-television-mildlyinteresting-Art-explainlikeimfive-tifu-Jokes-science-photoshopbattles-Music-sports-Fitness-LifeProTips-personalfinance-TwoXChromosomes-nottheonion-food-OldSchoolCool-dataisbeautiful-history-askscience-UpliftingNews-Futurology-DIY-GetMotivated-creepy-books-WritingPrompts-EarthPorn-space-nosleep-gadgets-Documentaries-InternetIsBeautiful-listentothis-philosophy-announcements-blogmore » SquaredCirclecommentsrelatedWant to join? Log in or sign up in seconds.|Englishlimit my search to /r/SquaredCircleuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 03 Aug 2013257 points (82% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postSquaredCirclesubscribeunsubscribe103,319 readers2,909 users here nowPost Raw: Bryan Retirement ||Jim Cornette AMA Round 2! || Abyss AMA Announcement. || Lucha Underground Producer AMA. created by PudieIN ABEYANCEa community for 4 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSPudieIN ABEYANCEkondronstarted r/squaredcircle now i'm heremuffinmonkuselessinmynothing2015 Wredditor of the YearRic_Flair_BotWOOOOOOOOSlyguy46Moderator By The NumbersBeyonder_94Who's your daddy, R/SC?eternityinspaceEat. 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Repeat.killhimalreadyI AM A WRESTLING MOD...and 8 more »discussions in /r/SquaredCircle<>X628 points · 285 comments Wrestling Observer's "Best Technical Wrestler Award" to be renamed The "Bryan Danielson Award"156 points · 63 comments Daniel Bryan did not suffer concussion seisure during mathc with Sheamus.248 points · 511 comments Ryback responds to CM Punk getting back surgery60 points · 8 comments PSA: Good Morning America Running Segment on Daniel Bryan Today197 points · 328 comments Batista called Titus and told him to ask for his release!94 points · 232 comments Titus O'Neil's WWE suspension reduced to 60 days1165 points · 623 comments [VIDEO] Daniel Bryan suffered a seizure during has last singles match.101 points · 329 comments "Any talk of Undertaker vs. Strowman now is 99 percent dead" - Meltzer50 points · 23 comments /r/SquaredCicle is one of Today's Trending Subreddits109 points · 83 comments Per the Observer, ROH booker Hunter Johnston fired former WWE referee Kevin Keenan before the Nashville TV tapings in full view of the ring crew and roster for sexual harassment of a female wrestler.This is an archived post. You won't be able to vote or comment. 256257258Big Show is looking super ripped for his return.BLATANT EVIL LIES (i.imgur.com)submitted 2 years ago by ATLWIll55Foster Parent63 commentsshareloading...sorted by: besttopnewcontroversialoldrandomq&ayou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]Corazon-DeLeonSeth Rollins' Laugh -3 points-2 points-1 points 2 years ago (0 children)STONE COLD! STONE COLD! permalinkembedsavegive goldPosts are automatically archived after 6 months.Got Itaboutblogaboutvaluesteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettetransparencycontact usapps & toolsAlien Blue iOS appmobile betabuttons<3reddit goldreddit storeredditgiftsUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy (updated). © 2016 reddit inc. 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All reviews chips and salsa chicken burrito tacos steak mexican food chose this place enjoyed our meal close to our hotel quac authentic bland athens We went on a Saturday night and it took no time to get in, get our food and get out.. the food was excellent and the service is always great. 2 Thank Bridge83
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Nice garden - Review of Boston Public Garden, Boston, MA - TripAdvisor Nice garden - Boston Public Garden See more tours on Viator Ranked #4 of 380 things to do in Boston 6,557 Reviews Beautiful garden with a nice pond and plenty of birds. Don't miss the Ducks from the children's book! Helpful? Thank MimiFan926 Report Ask MimiFan926 about Boston Public Garden 6,557 reviews sorted by: Arabic first Chinese (Traditional) first Chinese (Simplified) first Danish first Dutch first English first Finnish first French first German first Greek first Hebrew first Italian first Japanese first Korean first Norwegian first Polish first Portuguese first Russian first Slovak first Spanish first Swedish first Thai first Turkish first Any tlburch51 One of my fav area of Boston. It makes for a wonderful breakfast in the park, a peacefull picknick lunk or a romantic after dinner stroll. If you go to Boston...do not skip this spot. Helpful? Thank tlburch51 Report Ask tlburch51 about Boston Public Garden 29 helpful votes “oasis in the middle of traffic” do you you want to find peace ,go to the public garden ,bring a book ,a lunch ,just sit and look at people and squirrells ,and ducks,and ENJOY Helpful? Thank Sole2012 Report Ask Sole2012 about Boston Public Garden Amex Traveler Level Contributor 66 reviews 14 attraction reviews 49 helpful votes “Beautiful park in the heart of Boston” The Boston Public Garden is a beautifully landscaped park with a large pond and fountains in the heart of the city adjacent to the Boaton Common. A great place to relax and enjoy the beautiful trees and flowers. We downloaded the podcast from the City's website and used our I-Phones to take a self-guided tour which added to our enjoyment. Helpful? Thank wpm0307 Report Ask wpm0307 about Boston Public Garden 62 helpful votes “on oasis in the city” Beautiful, well kept gardens and lawn. There are many paved or cement paths to allow you to enjoy the garden as you go from one area to another. There were a few vendors and many places to sit and enjoy the garden. also- I found Boston a very clean city! Helpful? Thank Joan9101 Report Ask Joan9101 about Boston Public Garden
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FREE shipping Loading options... Quantity: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Add to Cart Add to Registry Add to List Sold by Wayfair.comWayfair.com | Return policy Learn about Marketplace Retailers Shipping See delivery options FREE pickup Not available FREE shipping from this seller Shipping Type Arrives Cost Standard Data unavailable Free per order Expedited Data unavailable $24.99 per item You’ll see exact shipping costs and arrival dates when you check out. Learn more about shipping costs & FREE pickup Search for: Find We don't recognize that location. Check your information and try again. Pickup not available Pickup This item is not available for pickup or at any of the Walmarts within 50 miles of your location. Back to seller $169.95 +Free shipping When will it arrive ? Wayfair.com Wayfair.com Rating unavailable | Return policy Add to Cart When will it arrive ? Other sellers on Walmart.com In addition to Walmart.com items, we offer you products from our Marketplace Retailer partners to give you a wide range of choices. Marketplace items are not returnable to Walmart.com or Walmart stores Marketplace Retailers ship the items you buy from them Tracking details (if available) can be found in your Walmart account © Walmart Stores, Inc. Done PTM1406FeaturesLow profile height and convoluted foam for added support, creating a perfect resting place for your petCreated with older pets and pets recovering from surgery in mindColor: SandColor: Sand DimensionsOverall Height - Top to Bottom: 3'' More about this item... Customers also viewed these products $50.94 Petmate Orthopedic Dog Bed With Piping 4.0 stars 65 ratings ShippingPass from $38.89 Petmate Double Orthopedic Foam with Piping, Multiple Sizes Available 4.5 stars 17 ratings ShippingPass from $27.98 PAW Memory Foam Dog Bed with Removable Cover, Brown 4.0 stars 27 ratings ShippingPass from $63.99 Midwest Homes For Pets Quiet Time e'Sensuals Double Thick Orthopedic Dog Pillow 4.5 stars 17 ratings ShippingPass from $27.23 Majestic Pet Large Pet Bed, 35" x 46" x 6" 4.0 stars 247 ratings ShippingPass from $30.99 AlphaPooch Orthopedic Lounger Dog Pillow 2.0 stars 1 ratings ShippingPass from $65.81 Small/Medium 24x34 Majestic Pet Orthopedic Double Pet Bed,Multiple Colors 5.0 stars 8 ratings ShippingPass $42.65 Petmate- Antimicrobial Deluxe Pillow Dog Bed 4.5 stars 6 ratings ShippingPass $18.82 Pet Select K-9 Sleepers Crate Pad 4.5 stars 109 ratings ShippingPass from $94.77 Large/Extra Large 34x48 Majestic Pet Orthopedic Double Pet Bed,Multiple Colors 4.0 stars 7 ratings ShippingPass from $49.99 Majestic Pet Rectangle Pet Bed, Large 4.5 stars 21 ratings ShippingPass from $27.68 Midwest Homes For Pets Quiet Time Ombre Swirl Dog Pillow 5.0 stars 5 ratings ShippingPass from $13.41 PAW Plush Cozy Pet Crate Dog Pet Bed 3.0 stars 36 ratings ShippingPass $42.49 Soft Touch Orthopedic Napper Dog Pillow 5.0 stars 1 ratings ShippingPass from $20.29 Majestic Pet Crate Pet Bed Mat, Charcoal 4.0 stars 42 ratings ShippingPass from $36.99 Coolaroo Elevated Pet Bed with Breathable Fabric, Large 51.1"x 31.5" x 7.9" 4.5 stars 456 ratings ShippingPass from $67.99 Majestic Pet Products Orthopedic Double Pet Pillow 4.0 stars 1 ratings ShippingPass from $35.97 PAW Orthopedic Super Foam Pet Bed, Clay 3.5 stars 4 ratings ShippingPass from $42.95 Majestic Pet Products Lounger Orthopedic Nest Dog Bed 4.5 stars 8 ratings ShippingPass from $41.31 Farm Innovators Heated Pet Mat, Multiple Sizes Available 4.0 stars 128 ratings ShippingPass from $65.49 Extra Large 42x60 Majestic Pet Rectangle Pet Bed,Multiple Colors 4.5 stars 25 ratings ShippingPass About this item Customer reviews Item recommendations Policies Back to top About this item Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin information may not be accurate or consistent with manufacturer information. For updated, accurate country of origin data, it is recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. PTM1406FeaturesLow profile height and convoluted foam for added support, creating a perfect resting place for your petCreated with older pets and pets recovering from surgery in mindColor: SandColor: Sand DimensionsOverall Height - Top to Bottom: 3''Overall Width - Side to Side: 30''Overall Depth - Front to Back: 40''Overall Product Weight: 3.4 lbs About this item Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin information may not be accurate or consistent with manufacturer information. For updated, accurate country of origin data, it is recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. PTM1406FeaturesLow profile height and convoluted foam for added support, creating a perfect resting place for your petCreated with older pets and pets recovering from surgery in mindColor: SandColor: Sand DimensionsOverall Height - Top to Bottom: 3''Overall Width - Side to Side: 30''Overall Depth - Front to Back: 40''Overall Product Weight: 3.4 lbs Specifications Shipping Weight (in pounds): 4.6 Product in Inches (L x W x H): 40.0 x 30.0 x 3.0 Assembled in Country of Origin: Imported Origin of Components: Imported Show Explore related products Dog Pillow Dog Beds Camo Dog Leash Orthopedic Beds Pet Chaise Lounge Beds Pets Pillow Beds Customer Reviews Customer Reviews | 10 reviews | 3.6 out of 5 3.5 stars 10 reviews | 3.6 out of 5 3.5 stars 10 reviews | 3.6 out of 5 70% Would recommend to a friend 5 stars 5 4 stars 0 3 stars 1 2 stars 4 1 stars 0 Sort by Most relevant Most helpful Newest to oldest Oldest to newest High to low rating Low to high rating 1-5 of 10 total reviews 70% Would recommend to a friend Write a review Show filters Sort by Most relevant Most helpful Newest to oldest Oldest to newest High to low rating Low to high rating Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 and older Gender Male Female Good bed within limits 12/20/2010 Customer review by jtriggs 3.0 stars 12/20/2010 by jtriggs by jtriggs The foam used is very cheap eggcrate style and will have to be replaced before too long. However, the price of the bed is worth the cover alone and so a replacement foam pad of higher grade foam down the road will make this a great bed while still keeping a reasonable overall cost. Most of these pet beds are using low grade foam so by replacing the foam pad in this bed a bit later on you will get a great bed and still pay less than purchasing one of the more costly beds. Was this review helpful? Yes (5) No (0) Report Thank you! You have successfully submitted feedback for this review. Was this review helpful? Yes (5) No (0) jtriggs Would recommend to a friend? Yes Smaller Then Stated 12/20/2010 Customer review by Barndoor 2.0 stars 12/20/2010 by Barndoor by Barndoor This bed is supposed to be 30 x 40 inches but is instead 27 x32 inches. That much makes a difference. The fleece sheds really bad and gets tracked around the house. Over priced for what you get. Was this review helpful? Yes (6) No (0) Report Thank you! You have successfully submitted feedback for this review. Was this review helpful? Yes (6) No (0) Barndoor Kentucky Would recommend to a friend? No Age:55 - 64 Ownership:2 - 7 weeks Gender:Male Usage:Every day Great for Arthritic Dogs 1/22/2011 Customer review by FemalePI 5.0 stars 1/22/2011 by FemalePI by FemalePI This bed has an egg crate inside the cover and gives my senior dogs more support. Especially for arthritic dogs. They all want to sleep on it now. It must feel good to them. I'm only sorry I didn't get one sooner. Was this review helpful? Yes (5) No (0) Report Thank you! You have successfully submitted feedback for this review. Was this review helpful? Yes (5) No (0) FemalePI Long Beach, CA Would recommend to a friend? Yes Age:65 or older Ownership:2 - 7 weeks Gender:Female Usage:Every day A good bed 11/25/2011 Customer review by ndappelle 5.0 stars 11/25/2011 by ndappelle by ndappelle I bought two of these for both of my dogs. They do a fine job. I like the lower profile, as my older dog cannot step up or down from a high dog bed. The filling is an egg crate foam, which provides good support for the dog and does not crush or compact down like a polyfil. I have used this in a crate as well as on the floor. It also travels well - - fits great on the floor of the minivan for travel and can fold in half for portability. The cover has been washed many times and comes out of the laundry fine. I have even washed and dried the foam insert. It is soft, yet durable. Although a little pricey, with good care this bed should last a long time. Was this review helpful? Yes (2) No (0) Report Thank you! You have successfully submitted feedback for this review. Was this review helpful? Yes (2) No (0) ndappelle new england Would recommend to a friend? Yes Age:45 - 54 Ownership:9 - 10 months Gender:Female Usage:Every day 11/22/2010 Customer review by dplrml 5.0 stars 11/22/2010 by dplrml by dplrml My dog loves it and thats all that matters!! Was this review helpful? Yes (3) No (0) Report Thank you! You have successfully submitted feedback for this review. Was this review helpful? Yes (3) No (0) dplrml Would recommend to a friend? Yes Age:45 - 54 Ownership:2 - 7 weeks Gender:Female Usage:Once per week 1 2 1-5 of 10 total reviews See all 1-5 of 10 reviews Previous Reviews Next Reviews Customer Reviews | 10 reviews | 3.6 out of 5 Customer Reviews 3.5 stars 10 reviews | 3.6 out of 5 Good bed within limits Customer review by jtriggs 3.0 stars 12/20/2010 The foam used is very cheap eggcrate style and will have to be replaced before too long. However, the price of the bed is worth the cover alone and so a replacement foam pad of higher grade foam down the road will make this a great bed while still keeping a reasonable overall cost. Most of these pet beds are using low grade foam so by replacing the foam pad in this bed a bit later on you will get a great bed and still pay less than purchasing one of the more costly beds. Was this review helpful? Yes (5) No (0) Smaller Then Stated Customer review by Barndoor 2.0 stars 12/20/2010 This bed is supposed to be 30 x 40 inches but is instead 27 x32 inches. That much makes a difference. The fleece sheds really bad and gets tracked around the house. Over priced for what you get. Was this review helpful? Yes (6) No (0) Read all 10 reviews Customer Q&A Back Ask a question Back to questions Questions & Answers 0 questions Ask a question Back to questions Ask a question If you would like to share feedback with us about pricing, delivery or other customer service issues, please contact customer service directly. 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Remember: Don’t include personal information (such as your full name). Nickname Nickname Send me an email when my question is answered Email address I agree to the Terms & Conditions Submit Cancel Preview Preview Question answers by an anonymous customer answers answers Last answer: Answer this question Cancel my answer Answer this question Submit Edit Cancel Walmart does not sponsor, recommend or endorse any third party product or service, or any customer ideas or advice. Thank you. Questions will be checked against our question guidelines and posted within five to seven business days. Check out these related products $46.05 Petmate Curvations Underseat Traveler, Up to 10 lbs ShippingPass $39.99 Petmate Soft Sided Large Kennel Cab - Black ShippingPass from $49.99 Petmate Curvations Pet Retreat Carrier, Up to 15 lbs ShippingPass $51.95 Petmate Curvations Pet Tote, Up to 10 lbs ShippingPass $34.56 Petmate Indigo Dog House Pad 5.0 stars 4 ratings ShippingPass $13.75 Petmate Dog Door for Petbarn II & III 3.0 stars 2 ratings ShippingPass $22.24 Deluxe Cuddle Cup with Sheepskin Dog Bed, Color Will Vary 4.5 stars 33 ratings ShippingPass $37.65 Petmate 36" X 27" Deluxe Cedar Sleeper Dog Bed 3.5 stars 3 ratings ShippingPass $16.95 Petmate Stainless Style Bowl 5.0 stars 1 ratings ShippingPass $13.45 Petmate- Ultra Kibble Keeper 10# With Microban 3.0 stars 2 ratings ShippingPass $5.69 Was $7.77 Save $2.08 Petmate- Curvations Litter Scoop 5.0 stars 52 ratings ShippingPass $42.65 Petmate- Antimicrobial Deluxe Pillow Dog Bed 4.5 stars 6 ratings ShippingPass $34.41 Petmate- Quilted Classic Dog Applique Dog Bed 4.5 stars 23 ratings ShippingPass $50.94 Petmate Orthopedic Dog Bed With Piping 4.0 stars 65 ratings ShippingPass $7.25 Petmate Doskocil Co. Inc. 2-Cup Pet Food Scoop, Plastic 5.0 stars 2 ratings ShippingPass $6.21 Petmate Doskocil Co. Inc. Dove Scoop, Giant 2.0 stars 1 ratings ShippingPass from $38.89 Petmate Double Orthopedic Foam with Piping, Multiple Sizes Available 4.5 stars 17 ratings ShippingPass Policies & Plans See any care plans, options and policies that may be associated with this product. Warranty Plan Walmart Product Care Plans A limited product warranty is included free for most items. With an optional Walmart Care Plan you can enhance the manufacturer's coverage from the date of purchase. Walmart Product Care Plans cover 100% of the cost for repair or replacement, including shipping charges for the exchange. We'll show you Care Plan options and pricing at checkout if applicable, or go to www.walmart.com/careplans for more information. Product warranty: Warranty not available for this item See details Supplier Warranty: Warranty not available for this item Did you buy this in a Walmart store? 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Zeke - The Los Angeles Freelance Meetup Group (Los Angeles, CA) - Meetup http://photos2.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/8/7/8/4/member_69694692.jpeg http://www.meetup.com/LA-Freelance/members/8633956/ Hi im zeke, i am a robotics engineer of 15 years and more recently a software developer. I am only focusing on Software Development and no longer offer other services. www.computersciencelaboratories.com robotics, manufacturing, prototype engineering, product development, prototyping, injection molding, plastics development, internet applications. To meet other freelancers and expand my network. Hey Zeke would like some part number checks and also need help programming. peace Feb 09, 2013 8:40 PM Thank you Zeke,hope to meet you guys soon Oct 24, 2012 10:30 AM Celso Fueconcillo Jr. Yo Zeke....on the 6th, a couple of my boys are riding up.to the crest to meet up with the Original Sinners MC. Were going just to ride thru the canyons. I got 15 confirmed most coming from OC. Let me know if the youngsters are.up for it. Were all meeting up at my house around 9am. Sep 28, 2012 8:13 PM Leon St. Lawrence Hey bro I think I made a mistake with the dates lets do it for 9/28 see who we can get to ride it will give them a chance to make time. I am waiting on Tony and tyler to hit me back. I will get back to you on the ride, got a new phone with my own number I will hit you up tomorrow. Sep 21, 2012 7:17 PM Hey Brother, tony and i were looking to go ride 9/22 my son may tag along are you down to ride looking at hitting PCH Tony's suggestion, maybe hit a bar or two, i also invited tyler a new comer to the group hit me up here if your down. Leo Sep 21, 2012 12:58 AM Hey brother I am going to be in LA all this week for school but I get out at 4 pm on friday you want to meet up for a ride and a cold one before I head home? We could meet up some were on the 1, maybe head south, what do you think? I will hit you up on the cell by thursday. later Leo Sep 04, 2012 9:42 PM Stayed at Holiday Inn last night Dude, why did you stop doing the car thing? I got my Lotus! Jun 04, 2012 3:04 AM We should do something soon. Nice pic. Who wants to fine tune my centos 5 linux server? Do you know can we all meet up in a web cast? Apr 06, 2012 11:39 PM Let's ride fellas.....I got a nice size group we could meet up with. Near Pasadena, Tustin etc...let me.know!! Dec 22, 2011 5:46 PM ZEKE! Good idea for this age group. Call us at the shop, I wanna talk to you about CVT tuning...no need to custom map, saves money! Dec 22, 2011 3:53 PM 9,899 LA Free Concert Group Members 518 GroundUP Entrepreneurs
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Used and New from Other Sellers Used and New from Other Sellers from $47.54 TEXT ONLY !!! Very clean... less than 1%(or no) highlighting/writing. Choose expedited for fastest delivery. Ships ASAP with free automated e-mail confirmation and tracking.
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Regimental Quartermaster Inc - Gettysburg, PA | Groupon +17173381850 Get crafty! Regimental Quartermaster Inc in Gettysburg, PA, is packed full of fun and creative arts and crafts supplies for you to create your own masterpiece. This store features stunning works of handcrafted art that are easy on any eye. Chances are if you need any artistic or craft material, the wonderful folks at Regimental Quartermaster in Gettysburg can help you out. At Regimental Quartermaster, you can find easy in-and-out parking for you to take advantage of during your shopping spree. Browse the best art supplies Gettysburg has to offer at Regimental Quartermaster. Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Regimental Quartermaster Inc.
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Le Bambou Map: Explore Neyron on TripAdvisor Neyron RECENTLY VIEWED No results found JOINinSearch About NeyronHotelsVacation RentalsRestaurantsFlightsTravel ForumAirlinesTravel GuidesBest of 2017Road TripsHelp CenterLog in Join My Trips Bookings Rental Inbox Browse Le Bambou Map Europe France Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes Ain Neyron Hotels Neyron Hotel Deals Free Newsletter Interested in Neyron? We'll send you updates with the latest deals, reviews and articles for Neyron each week. Map of Le Bambou Spend time in Neyron Vacation rentals are ideal for your longer stay. Le Mas du Fort (Neyron, France) La casa di Barbara e Thierry è in un luogo tranquillissimo a 10 minuti da... more June 11, 2017 Maison Addama (Neyron, France) Lotissement les Cystes 29 route du Fort, 01700 Neyron, France #2 of 2 B&Bs / Inns in Neyron “ Nice way to end a vacation ” We were very nicely greeted and served an amazing meal for supper. We ate... more August 9, 2014 Additional Le Bambou Information
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Amazon.co.uk: £20 - £50 - In Stock Only / Edwards, Pamela Duncan / E: Books Books Advanced Search Best Sellers Top New Releases Deals in Books Best Books of the Month School Books Textbooks Books Outlet Children's Books Calendars & Diaries 1-16 of 19 results for Books : Authors & Illustrators : E : Edwards, Pamela Duncan : £20 - £50 : In Stock Only Miss Polly Has a Dolly1 Oct 2003by Frances Arrington and Pamela Duncan EdwardsHardcover£0.01used & new(18 offers)While the World Is Sleeping (Children's Picture Books on Video)1 Jan 2011by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Daniel KirkUnknown Binding£29.40used & new(1 offer)Hardcover£2.03used & new(19 offers) 1Dinorella: A Prehistoric Fairytale1 Jul 1999by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColePaperback£10.24used & new(16 offers)Hardcover£4.43used & new(20 offers)Other Formats:Audio CassetteEd & Fred Flea (Flea Brothers)1 Sep 1999by Pamela Duncan Edwards and EdwardsHardcover£0.01used & new(19 offers)Paperback£0.21used & new(8 offers)Four Famished Foxes and Fosdyke1 Sep 1995by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£2.06used & new(18 offers)Paperback£4.78PrimeGet it by Tomorrow, Jul 26More buying choices£0.32used & new(42 offers)Other Formats:School & Library Binding 1Grumpy Morning, The1 Jun 2000by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Darcie La BrossePaperback£27.94used & new(2 offers)Paperback£0.01used & new(34 offers)Other Formats:HardcoverHonk!: The Story of a Prima Swanerina1 Sep 1998by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£2.13used & new(15 offers)Paperback£5.66PrimeNot in stock; order now and we'll deliver when availableMore buying choices£0.01used & new(17 offers)Other Formats:HardcoverThe Leprechaun's Gold1 Feb 2006by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeLibrary Binding£41.54used & new(2 offers)Paperback£4.81PrimeGet it by Tomorrow, Jul 26More buying choices£0.01used & new(19 offers)Other Formats:Library BindingThe Worrywarts29 Mar 2001by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£0.01used & new(18 offers)Paperback£5.47PrimeGet it by Wednesday, Jul 27More buying choices£2.08used & new(32 offers)Other Formats:Library BindingDear Tooth Fairy1 Oct 2003by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Marie-Louise FitzpatrickLibrary Binding£1.02used & new(17 offers)Gigi and Lulu's Gigantic Fight1 Sep 2004by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£6.73used & new(17 offers)Library Binding£0.19used & new(9 offers)Livingstone Mouse II1 Sep 2000by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£3.23used & new(19 offers)Paperback£0.01used & new(7 offers)The Mixed-Up Rooster1 Aug 2006by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Megan LloydHardcover£2.02used & new(16 offers)Ms. Bitsy Bat's Kindergarten1 Sep 2005by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£0.01used & new(21 offers)Muldoon1 Sep 2002by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£1.76used & new(20 offers)Paperback£0.84used & new(11 offers) 1Slop Goes the Soup (Noisy Warthog Word Book)1 Sep 2001by Pamela Duncan Edwards and Henry ColeHardcover£10.70used & new(19 offers) Format Hardcover (15) Paperback (2) Language English (19) Delivery Option (What's this?) Free UK Delivery by Amazon Avg. Customer Review 4 Stars & Up & Up (3) 3 Stars & Up & Up (3) 2 Stars & Up & Up (3) 1 Star & Up & Up (3) Price Any Price £ to £ Availability Include Out of Stock Unlimited One-Day Delivery and more Prime members also enjoy exclusive access to movies and TV shows, a million songs and much more. >
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7. 24.08.2011 Tarih Ve 118 Karar Sayılı Ortaöğretim Kurumları | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again. results for 7. 24.08.2011 Tarih Ve 118 Karar Sayılı Ortaöğretim Kurumları Follow 7. 24.08.2011 Tarih Ve 118 Karar Sayılı Ortaöğretim Kurumları to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay Feed. Unfollow 7. 24.08.2011 Tarih Ve 118 Karar Sayılı Ortaöğretim Kurumları to stop getting updates on your eBay Feed. Yay! You're now following 7. 24.08.2011 Tarih Ve 118 Karar Sayılı Ortaöğretim Kurumları in your eBay Feed.Email me new items that match this interest 7. 24.08.2011 Tarih Ve 118 Karar Sayılı Ortaöğret...: This is the median price based on sales of this product in the same condition from all listings on ebay.com in the past 14 days, or if there are any insufficient number of listings for a meaningful calculation, the past 90 days.
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FeaturesIn-depth testingLatest Camera ReviewsBeyond the studio testsFeature Articles and VideosPIX VideosTalks, demos and panels689The Canon that canCanon EOS 80D Review364Touchscreen street shooterFujifilm X70 Review2136Upwardly mobileSony a6300 Review325Power ZoomPanasonic Lumix ZS100/TZ100 Review2478Retro through-and-throughFujifilm X-Pro2 Review40Readers' ShowcaseNicolas Alexander OttoSpeed BoostSony SLT-A77 II Review210VideoCapturing nature with the Canon EOS 7D Mark IITwice as Nice?Canon EOS 7D Mark II Review715Bang for the BuckOlympus OM-D E-M10 II Review1593OpinionThe myth of the upgrade pathWhat's that Sound?Shedding some light on the sources of noise110Bag ReviewDomke Chronicle: A classic reinvented?Return of the Super Rebel?Canon EOS Rebel T6s Review324Can we get much wider?Canon EF 11-24mm F4 L USM gallery100VideoTamron SP 15-30mm F2.8 Field Test196Beyond the table top5 mini tripods reviewed
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Machine Wash, Purple Teen Bedding | Overstock.com: Buy Teen, College & Dorm Bedding Online Nice soft quilt. Quilt looks like the picture illustrates. Very soft feeling and good quality. I would buy this again. My 8 year old grand daughter really likes it. Painted room purple with matching purple curtains. Machine Wash - Purple - Teen Bedding
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Five Days in October: The Lost Battalion of World War I by Robert H. Ferrell, Hardcover | Barnes & Noble® Books by Author Books by Series Collectible Editions Coming Soon by Date Coming Soon by Subject New Releases NY Times Bestsellers Signed Books Top Books of the Month from $20.00 Paperback - $19.95 Now, in Five Days in October, historian Robert H. Ferrell presents new material—previously unavailable—about what really happened during those days in the forest. Despite the description of them as a lost battalion, the men were neither lost nor a battalion. The name was coined by a New York newspaper editor who, upon learning that a sizable body of troops had been surrounded, thought up the notion of a Lost Battalion—it possessed a ring sure to catch the attention of readers. “They were never lost and they were never a battalion. Between 2 October and 7 November 1918, trapped in a pocket on the left bank of the Meuse River, they held out against everything the Germans could throw at them. Much of the mythology of the “Lost Battalion” was made up by newsmen anxious for a headline. It was good copy then and it is good copy now. Distinguished historian Robert H. Ferrell successfully penetrates the romantic mist to reconsider the events of those five tumultuous days.”—The Journal of Military History A one-man publishing firm and a designer of abecedarians, agendas, address books and “blanks,” this ... A one-man publishing firm and a designer of abecedarians, agendas, address books and “blanks,” this story’s narrator threads together his most complicated design yet: the story of his own past. Living in The Country Club Plaza, the “Mr. Tabula Rasa” ...
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Card Processor Integration Cell-Biomaterial Interactions in Re... C32 cm30 eq1- microsoft Conducting Very Well - Conducting Very Badly A guide to electrical properties Good Conductor or Insulator? <ul><li>Does it allows electrical current to flow easily? </li></ul><ul><li>Electrons within a material allow current to flow </li></ul><ul><li>These electrons have become ‘free’ from the atoms in the materials - some materials ‘give-up’ their electrons more easily </li></ul> Good Conductor or Insulator? <ul><li>If it has a low Resistance, it lets more current through it - these are Conductors </li></ul><ul><li>If it has a high resistance, it lets less current through it - these are called Insulators </li></ul> How do we measure these characteristics? Resistance is measured in Ohms (Ω) Current is measured in Amperes (A) Voltage is measured in Voltage (V) Ohm’s Law V = I R Resistivity or Conductivity? <ul><li>Resistivity is the reciprocal of Conductivity </li></ul><ul><li>Both are dependent on the material </li></ul><ul><li>What are Resistance and Conductance? </li></ul> Resistance <ul><li>Resistance is based on an individual object or component </li></ul><ul><li>The resistivity of silver is 10 -8 Ωm but what is the resistance of a piece of silver wire? </li></ul> Resistance <ul><li>It depends on: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>The Cross-Sectional Area </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The Length </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>and the resistivity ( Ρ ) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Resistance = Ρ L / A in Ohms </li></ul></ul> Conductance <ul><li>The reciprocal of Resistance </li></ul><ul><li>Resistance = 1 / Conductance </li></ul><ul><li>Therefore Conductance (G) = L / Ρ A </li></ul><ul><li>or σ A / L (where σ is conductivity in Siemens m -1 ) </li></ul> Investigation <ul><li>Can we use these equations to calculate resistivity and conductivity? </li></ul> Professional Journey - kkraus411 kkraus411 India, un país de contrastes. xrbiotech 85
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Mardsupa Rattanasaingam on Scribd | Scribd UploadLog inSign upBrowseBooksBiography & MemoirBusiness & LeadershipCooking & FoodFantasyFiction & LiteratureHistoryCrafts & HobbiesMysteryRomanceSociety & CultureTravelYA & Children’sOther ContentBrochuresCourt FilingsCreative WritingLegal formsInstruction manualsMapsGraphic ArtPresentationsRecipes/MenusSchool WorkAdd to Your CollectionsYour CollectionsLoading your collections...This document is currently in # collectionsCreate a new collectionThis collection will be publicSave Changes {{word_documents.length}} books{{name}}Previous | NextMardsupa Rattanasaingam48followers48followingMLikes by Mardsupa Rattanasaingam Education Reform by YPMC 2011 Added to My Library Click again to add to a collection Removed from your Library มุหัมมัด บุรษที่ท่านควรรู้จัก Mai Fatema
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A Study on Customer Satisfaction on Aavin Milk | Milk | Doctor Of Philosophy Internship Report Aavin Judannapereira Entrepreneurship 101014044133 Phpapp01 [IN KRISHNAGIRI TOWN] A project Report submitted to the ANNA University, CHENNAI in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of degree [REG.NO. 611811] Dr. P. Ponramu, LLB., M. com., M.B.A., M. Phil., Ph.D., Krishnagiri-635 – 001 (Affiliated to Periyar University, Salem) This is to certify that the project entitled, A STUDY ON is bonafide record of Mr.R.RAMKUMAR,REG.NO.08AHA2348 in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Bachelor of Business Administration of (ARTS & SCIENCE), KRISHNAGIRI during the year 2010-2011, the project represents the original work on the part of the candidate under my Guidance. This has not been previously submitted for the award of any Diploma Degree Associates ship or other similar titles. Place – Krishnagiri . to Principal of Arignar Anna College (Arts & Science) for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this project work successfully... M.MBA.M. ADHIYAMAAN group of educational institution Krishangiri.LLB. It is my pleasure to extend my gratitude and sincere thanks to my guide Dr..com.D. THAMBIDURAI. His inspiring ideas and creative talents are visible on almost every page of my Study.Phil. Guidance. Ph.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel great pleasure to thank our founder Dr. Ponramu.D. Last but not the least I wish to thank my beloved parent’s friends who have helped me to do the project work successfully. I also wish to express my sincere thanks to the department faculty members for their guidance and encouragement..Ph.M. M.P. Principal & HOD to the Business Administration in Arignar Anna College (Arts & Science). who provides facilities to me during the course of this study. Inspiration and encouragement extended to me and also helped me with number of references. MA. .Ponramu. I am thankful Dr. Phil. Krishnagiri for his constant help. .DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project work entitled.. Ponramu. A STUDY ON CUSTOMER KRISHNAGIRI SATISFACTION TOWN submitted ON to AAVIN PERIYAR MILK IN UNIVERSITY. KRISHNAGIRI under the Guidance of Dr. M. MBA. M. Place – Krishnagiri candidate Date - Signature of the [R.D.. This has not been previously submitted for the award of any Diploma Degree Associates ship or other similar titles. LLB.. RAM KUMAR] ..Com. Ph. in partial requirement for the award of the degree Bachelor of Business Administration is a record of original work done by me during the period of study 2010-2011 in ARIGNAR ANNA COLLEGE (ARTS & SCIENCE). P. Phil. SALEM-11. 5 Fresh Milk 2. 1.8 Frame Work of Analysis 1.9 Limitation of The Study 1.7 Sampling 1.LIST OF CONTENTS Chapter.1 Introduction 1.2 Company Profile 2.3 Statement of The Problem 1. No.8 Constituents Of Milk PAGE .3 Product Profile 2.1 Introduction 2. Scheme of Chapterisation PROFILE OF THE STUDY 2.10 II.7 Market Size And Growth 2.4 Indian Dairy Industry Introduction 2.2 Review of Literature 1.6 Research Methodology 1.6 Consumer Habits And Practices 2. TITLE INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY I.5 Period of Study 1.4 Objectives of The Study 1. ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL AND PERSONAL DETAILS V Findings Suggestions Conclusion Appendix Bibliography .2.9 Health Safety And Welfare Measures 2.10 Quality And Control 2.11 Milk Product III. ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN AAVIN MILK IV. LIST OF TABLES Table No. . Title LIST OF TABLES 1 Age Wise Classification Of Respondents 2 Gender Wise Classification Of Respondents 3 Marital Status Wise Classification Of Respondents 4 Educational Qualification Wise Classification Of Respondents 5 Occupation Wise Classification Of Respondents 6 Monthly Income Wise Classification Of Respondents 7 Place Of Residence Wise Classification Of Respondents 8 Family Size Wise Classification Of Respondents 9 Aavin Milk Users Of The Respondents 10 Reason For Using Aavin Milk Of The Respondents 11 Respondents Source To Know About Aavin Milk 12 13 The Usage Period Of Aavin Milk Used By The Respondents Monthly Expenditure Of Aavin Milk By The Respondent 14 Competitive Positions Of The Aavin Milk Products 15 Recommended Aavin To Others Of Respondents 16 Aavin Compare Other Products 17 The Respondents Advertising To Aavin Products Page No. 5 Occupation 4.2 Gender 4.1 Age 4.6 Monthly Income 4.3 Marital Status 4. Title LIST OF FIGURES 4.7 Place Of Residence 4. .8 Family Size Page No.4 Educational Qualification 4.LIST OF FIGURES Table No. CHAPTER – I INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY . 10 Scheme Of Chapterisation .4 Objectives Of The Study 1.2 Review Of Literature 1.CHAPTER – I 1.1 Introduction 1.6 Research Methodology 1.8 Frame Work Of Analysis 1.7 Sampling 1.3 Statement Of The Problem 1.9 Limitation Of The Study 1.5 Period Of Study 1. CHAPTER – II PROFILE OF THE STUDY . 10 Quality And Control 2.7 Market Size And Growth 2.9 Health Safety And Welfare Measures 2.3 Product Profile 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Company Profile 2.4 Indian Dairy Industry Introduction 2.8 Constituents Of Milk 2.CHAPTER – II 2.6 Consumer Habits And Practices 2.11 Milk Product .5 Fresh Milk 2. CHAPTER III ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN AAVIN MILK . CHAPTER – III 1 Age Wise Classification Of Respondents 2 Gender Wise Classification Of Respondents 3 Marital Status Wise Classification Of Respondents 4 Educational Qualification Wise Classification Of Respondents 5 Occupation Wise Classification Of Respondents 6 Monthly Income Wise Classification Of Respondents 7 Place Of Residence Wise Classification Of Respondents 8 Family Size Wise Classification Of Respondents 9 Aavin Milk Users Of The Respondents 10 Reason For Using Aavin Milk Of The Respondents 11 Respondents Source To Know About Aavin Milk 12 The Usage Period Of Aavin Milk Used By The Respondents 13 Monthly Expenditure Of Aavin Milk By The Respondent 14 Competitive Positions Of The Aavin Milk Products 15 Recommended Aavin To Others Of Respondents 16 Aavin Compare Other Products 17 The Respondents Advertising To Aavin Products . CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION LEVEL AND PERSONAL DETAILS . 6 Monthly Income 4.2 Gender 4.3 Marital Status 4.CHAPTER – IV 4.5 Occupation 4.7 Place Of Residence 4.4 Educational Qualification 4.8 Family Size .1 Age 4. CHAPTER V FINDING SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSION . CHAPTER – V Findings Suggestions Conclusion Appendix Bibliography . Documents Similar To A Study on Customer Satisfaction on Aavin Milk
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This project's SourceForge.net CVS repository can be checked out through anonymous (pserver) CVS with the following instruction set. The module you wish to check out must be specified as the modulename. When prompted for a password for anonymous, simply press the Enter key. To determine the names of the modules created by this project, you may examine their CVS repository via the provided web-based CVS repository viewer. cvs -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/jpicedt login cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[email protected]:/cvsroot/jpicedt co -P modulename
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Patent US4574029 - Apparatus for forming concave tape wrapped composite structures - Google Patents An apparatus is disclosed for forming concave tape wrapped composite structures. The apparatus utilizes a mold having a cylindrical concave surface with a mounting plate mounted for rotation at each end thereof about a point on a longitudinal axis of the concave surface. A longitudinal shaft is mounted...http://www.google.com/patents/US4574029?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4574029 - Apparatus for forming concave tape wrapped composite structures Publication number US4574029 A Application number US 06/604,490 Publication number 06604490, 604490, US 4574029 A, US 4574029A, US-A-4574029, US4574029 A, US4574029A Inventors William J. Murray Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (52), Classifications (12), Legal Events (9) US 4574029 A US4743336 * Nov 17, 1986 May 10, 1988 Peter Lisec Device for mounting flexible spacers on glass sheets US7422647 Dec 9, 2005 Sep 9, 2008 The Boeing Company Unidirectional, multi-head fiber placement US9409351 Sep 12, 2011 Aug 9, 2016 Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) Device for deposition of fibers upon a frame with concave circular sections US20060096700 * Dec 9, 2005 May 11, 2006 The Boeing Company Unidirectional, multi-head fiber placement WO2005018918A1 * Aug 20, 2004 Mar 3, 2005 The Boeing Company Device and method for automated composite lay-up WO2005082604A2 * Aug 20, 2004 Sep 9, 2005 The Boeing Company Automated composite lay-up to an internal fuselage mandrel WO2005082604A3 * Aug 20, 2004 Oct 20, 2005 Boeing Co Automated composite lay-up to an internal fuselage mandrel WO2008129156A1 * Feb 19, 2008 Oct 30, 2008 Coriolis Composites Method and device for making parts of a composite material, in particular sections of an aircraft fuselage U.S. Classification 156/500, 156/361, 156/358, 156/574, 156/363, 156/577 Cooperative Classification Y10T156/1788, Y10T156/1795, B29L2031/3082, B29C70/386
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Collection station availableGenre: ClassicalStyle: ClassicalArtist: Igor Stravinsky Johann Sebastian Bach : Johann Sebastian Bach: Leipzig Chorales CD (2010) Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: MDG UK Release Date: 17 May 2010. Disc 2 8 Vor Deinen Thron Tret Ich 5.21 mins. Disc 2 7 Einige Kanonische Veranderungen Uber Das Weihnachtslied 11.50 mins. Disc 2 6 Komm, Gott, Schopfer 2.27 mins. Collection station availableGenre: ClassicalStyle: InstrumentalArtist: Sebastian Bach Gustav Mahler : Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 7 CD (2010) Gustav Mahler : Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 7 CD (2010)Title: Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 7 Artist: Gustav Mahler Genre: Classical|Orchestral Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Chandos UK Release Date: 05 Jul 2010. Sergei Rachmaninov : Rhapsody On a Theme of Paganini CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Mariinsky UK Release Date: 01 Feb 2010. Disc 1 2 Piano Concerto No. 3 in D Minor, Op. 30. Beethoven Symphonies 7 & 8 - Vienna RSO/de Billy - Oehms Classics hybrid SACD The RSO Vienna’s Beethoven cycle under Bertrand de Billy is continually developing. And as is so often the case, the music has the most direct effect when it is allowed to speak for itself and not forced into channels of subjective or even eccentric “interpretation”. Household Troops Band Of The Sal... - Household Troops Band Of The Sa... CD T0VG Household Troops Band Of The Sal... - Household Troops Band Of The Sa... CD I6VG Georg Friedrich Handel : 50 Best Classics CD (2010) Georg Friedrich Handel : 50 Best Classics CD (2010)Title: 50 Best Classics Artist: Georg Friedrich Handel Genre: Classical|Compilation Format: CD / Album Type: CD No. of Discs: 3 disc(s) Studio / Label: EMI Classics UK Release Date: 01 Mar 2010. John Tavener : Towards Silence CD (2010) ***NEW*** John Tavener : Towards Silence CD (2010) NEW Title: Towards Silence Artist: John Tavener Genre: Classical|Contemporary Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Signum Classics UK Release Date: 15 Nov 2010. I Solisti del Vento : Das Berliner Requiem CD (2010) I Solisti del Vento : Das Berliner Requiem CD (2010)Title: Das Berliner Requiem Artist: I Solisti del Vento Genre: Classical|Secular Choral/Vocal Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Glossa UK Release Date: 01 Feb 2010. Brussels Po - Symphonies No. 1 and 2 [CD] Jean Sibelius : Sibelius: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 6 CD (2010) Jean Sibelius : Sibelius: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 6 CD (2010)Title: Sibelius: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 6 Artist: Jean Sibelius Genre: Classical|Orchestral Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: LSO Live UK Release Date: 06 Dec 2010. Gustav Mahler : Gustav Mahler: Symphonie No. 2 CD (2010) Gustav Mahler : Gustav Mahler: Symphonie No. 2 CD (2010)Title: Gustav Mahler: Symphonie No. 2 Artist: Gustav Mahler Genre: Classical|Orchestral Format: SACD No. of Discs: 2 disc(s) Studio / Label: Tudor UK Release Date: 19 Apr 2010. Rachel Podger : Rachel Podger: Violin Concertos CD (2010) ***NEW*** Rachel Podger : Rachel Podger: Violin Concertos CD (2010) NEW Title: Rachel Podger: Violin Concertos Artist: Rachel Podger Genre: Classical|Concerto Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Channel Classics UK Release Date: 04 Oct 2010. Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Dacapo UK Release Date: 02 Aug 2010. Disc 1 1 Music of the Spheres. Disc 1 3 From the Deep. Sehnsuchts Walzer CD NEW Title: Sehnsuchts Walzer. Format: CD. Condition: New. Genre: Classical. Release Date: 2010-07-19. Tiny Island : Tiny Island CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Opus 3 UK Release Date: 30 Aug 2010. Disc 1 1 Le Valse Petite. Disc 1 10 Puakea. Disc 1 9 Paniolo Dreams. Disc 1 8 Lilla Langdansen. Disc 1 7 Sacred Ground. Disc 1 6 My Siren of the Woods. 13 brand new from £13.68 Martin Neu : Bach and the North German Tradition - Volume 1 CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Audite UK Release Date: 01 Mar 2010. Disc 1 1 Chorale Prelude, 'Christ Ist Erstanden', BWV 627. Disc 1 2 Prelude & Fugue in D Major, BWV532. Disc 1 4 Prelude in D Minor, BuxWV 140. Style: InstrumentalLanguage: German Ning Feng : Ning Feng: Solo CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Channel Classics UK Release Date: 09 Aug 2010. Disc 1 5 Duet for One Violin in C Major. Disc 1 9 Recitativo and Scherzo-caprice. Disc 1 7 Der Erlkonig - Grand Caprice, Op. 26. Gustav Mahler : Gustav Mahler: Songs With Orchestra CD (2010) ***NEW*** Gustav Mahler : Gustav Mahler: Songs With Orchestra CD (2010) NEW Title: Gustav Mahler: Songs With Orchestra Artist: Gustav Mahler Genre: Classical|Orchestral Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Avie UK Release Date: 30 Aug 2010. Various Artists-Slovenia U.S.A CD NEW Title: Slovenia U.S.A. Artist: Various Artists. Format: CD. Condition: New. Genre: World Music. Release Date: 2010-11-01. Cesar Franck : Cesar Franck/Sergej Rachmaninow: Sonatas CD (2010) ***NEW*** Cesar Franck : Cesar Franck/Sergej Rachmaninow: Sonatas CD (2010) NEW Title: Cesar Franck/Sergej Rachmaninow: Sonatas Artist: Cesar Franck Genre: Classical|Chamber Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: ARS Produktion UK Release Date: 04 Jun 2010. Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra : Horizon: A Tribute to Oliver Messiaen - Volume Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: RCO Live UK Release Date: 11 Jan 2010. Disc 1 4 La Source D'un Regard. Disc 1 5 Adam-interludes. Disc 1 3 Chronochromie. Disc 1 2 Les Offrandes Oubliees. Disc 1 1 La Plainte, Au Loin, Du Faune. Christianne Stotijn : Horizon 3: Recordings from the 2008-2009 Season CD (2010) Christianne Stotijn : Horizon 3: Recordings from the 2008-2009 Season CD (2010)Title: Horizon 3: Recordings from the 2008-2009 Season Artist: Christianne Stotijn Genre: Classical|Orchestral Format: SACD No. Johannes Brahms : Johannes Brahms: Ein Deutsches Requiem CD (2010) NEW Title: Johannes Brahms: Ein Deutsches Requiem Artist: Johannes Brahms Genre: Classical|Choral Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Pentatone UK Release Date: 14 Oct 2010. Felix Mendelssohn : Mendelssohn: Piano Trios CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: ARS Produktion UK Release Date: 04 Jun 2010. Disc 1 1 Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello No. 1, Op. 49 in D Minor. Disc 1 2 Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello No. 2, Op. 66 in C Minor. Ludwig van Beethoven : Ludwig Van Beethoven: Piano Sonatas CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Pentatone UK Release Date: 13 Sep 2010. Disc 1 14 Allegro Ma Non Troppo 4.18 mins. Disc 1 13 Rondo: Allegro 3.49 mins. Disc 1 12 Andante 4.05 mins. Disc 1 11 Scherzo: Allegro Assai 3.41 mins. Dr. Feelgood - Stupidity - CD - 1998 - GRANDCD 21 - 1998 - GRANDCD 21 -. Dr Feelgood- Stupidity - CD -. CD, CASE AND BOOKLET IN VERY GOOD CONDITION. Johan Joachim Agrell : Johan Joachim Agrell: Orchestral Works CD (2010) Johan Joachim Agrell : Johan Joachim Agrell: Orchestral Works CD (2010)Title: Johan Joachim Agrell: Orchestral Works Artist: Johan Joachim Agrell Genre: Classical|Orchestral Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Aeolus UK Release Date: 09 Jun 2010. Johann Jacob Froberger : Johann Jacob Froberger: Capriccio CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Aeolus UK Release Date: 25 Nov 2010. Disc 1 1 Complete Capriccios 79.30 mins. Martin Frost : Frost & Friends: Martin Frost Plays Encores CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Bis UK Release Date: 06 Sep 2010. Disc 1 16 Brudvals for Karin Och Martin. Disc 1 18 Nature Boy. Disc 1 17 Off Pist. Disc 1 1 Prelude in B Major, Op. 16, No. 1. Disc 1 15 Smile. 4.5 out of 5 stars - Martin Frost : Frost & Friends: Martin Frost Plays Encores CD (2010) ***NEW*** 3 product ratings3 product ratings - Martin Frost : Frost & Friends: Martin Frost Plays Encores CD (2010) ***NEW*** Hector Berlioz : Hector Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique CD (2010) ***NEW*** Hector Berlioz : Hector Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique CD (2010) NEW Title: Hector Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique Artist: Hector Berlioz Genre: Classical|Orchestral Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Pentatone UK Release Date: 16 Aug 2010. Johann Sebastian Bach : Johann Sebastian Bach: Cantatas - Volume 46 CD (2010) Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Bis UK Release Date: 05 Jul 2010. Disc 1 29 Erschrecke Doch 3.24 mins. Disc 1 28 Lass Dein' Engel Mit Mir Fahren 1.45 mins. Disc 1 27 Lasst Uns Das Angesicht 0.37 mins. Richard Strauss : R. Strauss: Ein Heldenleben CD (2014) NEW Title: R. Strauss: Ein Heldenleben Artist: Richard Strauss Genre: Classical|Concerto Format: SACD No. of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Exton UK Release Date: 03 Feb 2014. Nemesio Otano : Nemesio Otano: Obras Para Organo CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Aeolus UK Release Date: 04 Jun 2010. Disc 1 7 Suite Gregoriana. Disc 1 6 Elegia. Disc 1 5 Cantico Espiritual. Disc 1 4 Cancion En Estilo Gregoriano. Disc 1 3 Coral-antifonico. John Sheppard : John Sheppard: Media Vita CD (2010) ***NEW*** Of Discs: 1 disc(s) Studio / Label: Harmonia Mundi UK Release Date: 11 Jan 2010. Disc 1 5 Christ Rising Again 4.24 mins. Disc 1 7 Te Deum 15.16 mins. Disc 1 6 Haste Thee, Oh God 3.36 mins. Disc 1 2 The Lord's Prayer 4.19 mins. 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Will You Be My Bridesmaid chalkboard hand drawn greeting | Etsy "Will you be my Bridesmaid? " A quirky hand drawn card inspired by my love of hand lettering and hand drawn flowers with a chalkboard effect background. The perfect card to give to your best girls to ask that very important question! The card is A6 size (105 x 148mm), printed on a lovely textured 250gsm white card and supplied with a recycled brown kraft envelope.
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- Ravens obviously trust young receivers Stokley had been banged up recently. He�was inactive last Sunday because of a groin injury and didn't practice Friday. Stokley caught nine passes for 79 yards for the Ravens in three games.
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WAR Brides Amelia Curran Acceptable | eBay Finding the Rhythms, , Very Good Explicit... Jealous Kind by Knight, Chris Cmon Over to My House, Gates, Jam... Brett James -- Brett James -- Brand New... ROY ACUFF FOREVER 3 CD Ives: Three Places in New England,... Way Out To Hope Street -- Skyedance ... Open Invitation, Tyrese, Good Diamond Eyes, Deftones, Good The Essential 3.0 Emerson, Lake &... Pyramid, The Alan Parsons Project,... Cold 187um: Fresh Out the Pen, Above... Transatlanticism, Death Cab for Cutie,... Jesus Christ Superstar (Original London... In the Key of Monk, Jessica Williams, Good Curb Servin, Wc & Maad Circle, Good... Details about War Brides, Amelia Curran, Acceptable (160703 23:38:36 EDT eBay item number:231211644090 May 16, 2014 21:32:49 EDT View all revisions Album FeaturesUPC:836766004729Artist:Amelia CurranFormat:CDRelease Year:2013Record Label:Burnside DistributionGenre:FolkTrack Listing1. Scattered & Small2. The Furious Curve3. You Won't Find Me4. Time's a Ticker5. Devils6. Everything I've Got to Give7. All the Ladies8. Just a Tuesday9. Love's Grave10. The Sunday SongDetailsPlaying Time:30 min.Distributor:n/aSPAR Code:n/aAlbum NotesPersonnel: Amelia Curran (vocals, guitar). Portions of this page Copyright 1948 - 2014 Muze Inc. All rights reserved. seattlegoodwillbooks War Brides Product Category : MusicUPC : 836766004729Title : War BridesEAN : 0836766004729Artist : Amelia CurranLabel : Six Shooter RecordsRelease Date : 2009-08-25Discs : 1Binding : Audio CDList Price (MSRP) : 10.99 Height : 0.5400 inchesWidth : 4.9700 inchesLength : 5.5500 inchesWeight : 0.1800 poundsCondition : AcceptableCase/Box has damage.mon0001388042
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Is An Electric Car in Your Future? - Go Local Oakville (Oakville, ON) Electric cars are widely cited as part of a greener transportation future alongside investments in public transit. Manufacturers have jumped on board with new models appearing from GM, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Smart, Toyota, and others. Sales, on the other hand, have thus far lagged well behind industry predictions. Electric cars have several strengths and limitations. Is an electric car in your future? Would you like to know more? Researcher and electric car owner Blake Poland, will address questions such as: - how green are electric cars, really? - what are the advantages and disadvantages of the various models that are available? - what is it like living with an electric car? - other questions you may have In addition Andy stark will be on hand to answer any questions you might have about the smart fortwo electric drive car and the smart e-bike. We will also have a bike and car you can take for a spin to try them out. We need your RSVP by Friday September 6th as snacks will be provided. Don't miss this opportunity to join the fun and learn more about the world of electric vehicles. Lisa S. Blake did a great powerpoint presentation with lots of research and statistics. I'm convinced. 0 · September 15, 2013 A former member Thank you Blake for a very well thought-out and informative presentation. Also a big thanks to Mercedes-Benz Oakville for the use of the venue, smart electric drive car and bike. 0 · September 14, 2013 A former member Looking forward to it! 0 · July 8, 2013 A former member Future purchase? 0 · July 6, 2013 Silvia B. Hi Blake, great topic. I am very interested in hearing your experiences with your electric vehicle. 0 · March 5, 2013 Blake P. hi Sylvia. We hope to set a date soon for sometime in April. If you need info sooner don't hesitate to ask. 0 · March 18, 2013 9 went 740 Lovers of the great outdoors
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P. Sifuentes Gallardo - Semantic Scholar P. Sifuentes Gallardo Michael D. Niemack14 J. P. Nibarger11 J. Hubmayr8 8Lyman A. Page 8Suzanne T. Staggs 7Carole E. Tucker 7Thomas Essinger-Hileman Rajib Datta, Catherine Munson, +17 authors Liuchao Zhang The increasing scale of cryogenic detector arrays for submillimeter and millimeter wavelength astrophysics has led to the need for large aperture, high index of refraction, low loss, cryogenic… (More) Jonathan LeRoy Sievers, Renée A. Hlozek, +89 authors Caroline Zunckel The Atacama Cosmology Telescope : Beam Measurements and the Microwave Brightness Temperatures of Uranus and Saturn Matthew F. Hasselfield, Kavilan Moodley, +23 authors Edward J. Wollack We describe the measurement of the beam profiles and window functions for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which operated from 2007 to 2010 with kilopixel bolometer arrays centered at 148, 218,… (More) M. G. Garnica-Romo, M. A. Hernandez Rivera, A. S. Lopez Rodriguez, P. Sifuentes Gallardo, Lucio Díaz-Flores On the moduli space of quintic surfaces of the Dissertation On the moduli space of quintic surfaces ACTPol : on-sky performance and characterization E. Grâce, J. Beall, +31 authors Edward J. Wollack ACTPol is the polarization-sensitive receiver on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. ACTPol enables sensitive millimeter wavelength measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the… (More) The Atacama Cosmology Telescope : the Laboca / Act Survey of Clusters at All Redshifts Robert R. Lindner, Paula Aguirre, +24 authors Edward J. Wollack We present a multi-wavelength analysis of 11 Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE)-selected galaxy clusters (10 with new data) from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) southern survey. We have obtained… (More)
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Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Qualification - Wikipedia Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Qualification Eight teams will qualify for the Olympic baseball tournament. The host nation qualifies automatically. Additionally, two teams will qualify from the American qualifying tournament, and one team will qualify from both the European and Asian qualifying tournaments. The field will be rounded out by the top three teams from the world Olympic qualifying tournament. 2 American Qualifying Tournament 3 Oceania Qualifying Tournament 4 European Qualifying Tournament 4.1 Qualifying Round 1 4.2 Qualifying Round 2 4.3 European Baseball Championship 4.3.3 Classification 5 2007 Asian Championship 5.1 B Level 5.2 A Level 6 African Qualifying Tournament 7 Final Qualifying Tournament Americas Qualifying Tournament Aug 25 - Sep 7, 2006 September 7–16, 2007 Nov 27 - Dec 3, 2007 Taichung[T 1] March 7–14, 2008 Taichung and Douliou[T 1] ^ a b Chinese Taipei is the official IOC designation for the state officially referred to as the Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan. (See also Political status of Taiwan for details.) American Qualifying Tournament[edit] Mexico[AQ 1] 23-0 (6 Innings) 17-4 (7 Innings) 12-0 (7 Innings) Aruba[AQ 1] ^ a b The third-place Caribbean team was scheduled to advance to the preliminary round. However, Aruba withdrew and the IBAF replaced it with the fifth-place North American team, Mexico.[1] Team has qualified directly Team has advanced to the Final Qualifying Tournament Oceania Qualifying Tournament[edit] With New Zealand withdrawing from the tournament, Australia received an automatic berth into the World Qualifying Tournament. European Qualifying Tournament[edit] Qualifying Round 1[edit] Qualifying Round 2[edit] Main article: 2007 European Baseball Championship The European Baseball Championship in Barcelona, Spain served as the qualifying competition for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. The Netherlands won the tournament for the fifth consecutive time and qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Great Britain and Spain advanced to a final qualifying tournament in Taiwan. Prior to the tournament, Greece was removed by the European Baseball Conferderation and replaced with Austria. Czech Republic was downgraded to the last place at the end of the tournament and its wins in the preliminary round vacated.[2] Sweden 1 - 9 Germany Czech Republic 0 - 9* Croatia Austria 0 - 22 (5 inn.) Netherlands Croatia 2 - 11 Sweden Germany 10 - 0 (7 inn.) Austria Netherlands 11 - 0 (7 inn.) Czech Republic Netherlands 14 - 2 (7 inn.) Sweden Czech Republic 0 - 9* Austria Germany 8 - 7 Croatia Netherlands 6 - 3 Germany Austria 3 - 8 Croatia Czech Republic 1 - 2 Sweden Germany 6 - 1 Czech Republic Croatia 0 - 13 (7 inn.) Netherlands Sweden 4 - 1 Austria * The Czech Republic's 4-1 and 6-2 victories over Croatia and Austria were vacated and the results recorded as 9-0 forfeits. Great Britain 12 - 8 Spain Ukraine 0 - 13 (8 inn.) Italy Spain 5 - 4 Ukraine Italy 1 - 5 France Russia 7 - 10 Great Britain France 6 - 2 Ukraine Spain 4 - 0 Russia Italy 6 - 0 Great Britain France 3 - 4 Great Britain Ukraine 4 - 3 (11 inn.) Russia Italy 4 - 6 Spain Russia 2 - 7 Italy Great Britain 9 - 0 Ukraine Spain 6 - 2 France 1-1, 0.833 RA/IN 1-1, 0.889 RA/IN * Tiebreakers: 1) W-L in games among tied teams 2) Runs against per 1 defensive inning among tied teams 3) Earned Runs against per 1 defensive inning among tied teams Netherlands 18 - 0 (7 inn.) France Germany 3 - 11 Spain Sweden 7 - 10 Great Britain France 10 - 0 (7 inn.) Sweden Spain 8 - 10 (11 inn.) Netherlands Great Britain 5 - 7 Germany Germany 7 - 1 France Sweden 5 - 8 Spain Netherlands 6 - 1 Great Britain Czech Republic 2 - 7 Italy Croatia 2 - 1 Ukraine Austria 2 - 7 Russia 2007 Asian Championship[edit] The IBAF and IOC recognize Taiwan as Chinese Taipei. Internationally, the team plays as the Chinese Taipei National baseball team, however are referred to, in the country, as the Taiwan National baseball team and use the flag . B Level[edit] 0-0 (F/12) 10-0 (F/7) 13-1 (F/7) African Qualifying Tournament[edit] 1-16 (5 Innings) 3-1 (6 Innings) 19-11 (7 Innings) 15-0 (7 Innings) 5-22 (6 Innings) Note: The final game between Lesotho and Nigeria was dependent on whether it had any impact upon the final standings. As South Africa had clinched the championship before the game was to begin, it was cancelled. Final Qualifying Tournament[edit] The final qualifying tournament will feature the third and fourth place teams from the Americas qualifying tournament, the second and third place teams from the Asian and European qualifying tournaments, and the Oceanian and African continental champions. However, European runner-up Great Britain withdrew from the tournament and were replaced by the fourth place team Germany. Mexico (Americas 3rd) Canada (Americas 4th) Spain (Europe 3rd) Germany (Europe 4th; Replace Europe 2nd Great Britain that withdrew from the tournament) South Korea (Asia 2nd) Chinese Taipei (Asia 3rd) Australia (Oceania 1st) South Africa (Africa 1st) 13-3 (F/7) 16-2 (F/7) 5-6 (F/10) 12-1 (F/7) 11-0 (F/7) 2-1 (F/10) ^ "Allen, USA storm Mexico at Olympic qualifier". Minor League Baseball. 28 August 2006. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 23 Jul 2008. ^ "Euro Baseball 2007". Confederation of European Baseball. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010. v Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baseball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_–_Qualification&oldid=738632891" Categories: Qualification for the 2008 Summer OlympicsBaseball at the Summer Olympics2005 in baseball2006 in baseball2007 in baseball2008 in baseball Navigation menu FrançaisItalianoमराठीNederlands Edit links This page was last edited on 10 September 2016, at 04:44.
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Patent US20070263711 - Operating DSL subscriber lines - Google Patents An apparatus includes a plurality of DSL modems. Each DSL modem is configured to be connected to a corresponding DSL subscriber line. A first of the DSL modems is configured to transmit a data stream to a DSL subscriber via inter-line cross-talk between the one of the DSL subscriber lines connected to...http://www.google.com/patents/US20070263711?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20070263711 - Operating DSL subscriber lines Publication number US20070263711 A1 Application number US 11/796,366 Publication number 11796366, 796366, US 2007/0263711 A1, US 2007/263711 A1, US 20070263711 A1, US 20070263711A1, US 2007263711 A1, US 2007263711A1, US-A1-20070263711, US-A1-2007263711, US2007/0263711A1, US2007/263711A1, US20070263711 A1, US20070263711A1, US2007263711 A1, US2007263711A1 Inventors Gerhard Theodor Kramer, Carl Nuzman, Philip Whiting, Miroslav Zivkovic Original Assignee Theodor Kramer Gerhard G, Nuzman Carl J, Whiting Philip A, Miroslav Zivkovic Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (74), Classifications (8), Legal Events (3) US 20070263711 A1 In eq. (1), the Rn f's are elements of an N×F dimensional matrix, R, whose elements may indicate an obtainable information transmission rate over the DSL tones of the individual DSL subscriber lines. For example, each element, Rn f, may have the form: R f n = log ( 1 + d f n · P f n ( ∑ m ≠ n C n , m ( f ) · P f m ) + N f n ) . ( 2 ) In eq. (1), the utility functions of individual DSL subscriber lines, i.e., the Un's, may have various forms, and the forms may differ for different ones of the subscriber lines. Typically, a DSL subscriber line's utility function may grow linearly over a range of values of the line's aggregate information transmission rate. Often, a DSL subscriber line's utility function has a convex-up form. A DSL subscriber line's utility function may be non-decreasing with the aggregate information transmission rate, but may saturate at large values of the aggregate information transmission rate thereon or increase more slowly at high values of said rate. For a DSL subscriber line “n” whose aggregate information transmission rate is Rn, i.e., Rn=Rn 1+ . . . +Rn F. examples of convex single-line utility functions, Un(Rn), include: U n ( R n ) = { a · R n / c for 0 ≤ R n ≤ c a for R n > c , ( 3 a ) U n ( R n ) = { a · [ 1 - ( 1 - R n / c ) 2 ] for 0 ≤ R n ≤ c a for R n > c , ( 3 b ) U n ( R n ) = a · R n / ( c + R n ) , ( 3 c ) U n ( R n ) = a · [ 1 - exp ( - R n / c ) ] , and ( 3 d ) U n ( R n ) = a · log ( 1 + c · R n ) . ( 3 e ) US7653138 * Jun 24, 2004 Jan 26, 2010 Ikanos Communications, Inc. Technique for improving multiple-channel multi-tone transmissions US8009576 Mar 2, 2007 Aug 30, 2011 Lantiq Deutschland Gmbh Transmission links US8493877 * Jul 9, 2010 Jul 23, 2013 Viasat, Inc. Adaptive satellite return link symbol rate determination US9077386 * Sep 4, 2012 Jul 7, 2015 Kandou Labs, S.A. Methods and systems for selection of unions of vector signaling codes for power and pin efficient chip-to-chip communication US20160226556 * Jan 30, 2015 Aug 4, 2016 Carl J. Nuzman Methods and systems for reducing crosstalk via stabilized vectoring control Cooperative Classification H04M11/062, H04B3/487, H04L5/14 European Classification H04L5/14, H04B3/46C, H04M11/06B
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Fair Weather Compassionate Conservatism? | Fox News Fair Weather Compassionate Conservatism? This is a partial transcript of "The Big Story With John Gibson," Aug. 31, 2004, that has been edited for clarity. JOHN GIBSON, HOST: Education Secretary Rod Paige will take the convention stage to talk about the administration's accomplishments and future plans. Secretary Paige joins me now from Madison Square Garden. Secretary Paige, compassion, a day or so ago former President Bill Clinton (search) said the Republicans only bring out compassion every four years for the convention. How would you answer the former president? ROD PAIGE, SECRETARY OF EDUCATION: Well, the facts would be what would tell the story. Let's examine the education achievements over the last eight years. You'll find some parts of it where many minority communities actually lost ground. So there's a big difference between what is said and what is real. And so what we have to do is examine the facts and they'll tell the story. And they'll also tell the story of the progress that's being made since 2001. GIBSON: Mr. Secretary, we all know what the administration has been doing the last few years. It has been in the news and in before our faces every second. Compassion is not it. It's been war. So what's been going on in the background that maybe I haven't noticed in the way of compassion? PAIGE: Have you noticed the No Child Left Behind Act (search)? The bipartisan bill that is designed to close the achievement gap between the minority communities' children and the majority communities' children? (INAUDIBLE) towards educating all of its children. GIBSON: Mr. Secretary, I'm glad you brought that up because what we're hearing from the Democrats is the No Child Left Behind Act is a false front. It looks good on the outside but the federal government is not funding it and it's not working. Are they wrong? PAIGE: Well, you don't even have to ask that question because the facts are right out there. For elementary and secondary funding the president has increased funding by 49 percent. You know, they continue to make that claim because they can depend on certain people not examining the facts to see if it's right or it's wrong and they depend on the idea that if they have high volume, it turns into truth. But volume does not make truth. The truth is the president's been very aggressive about funding education. He's been very protective about that. GIBSON: All right. There's also the issue, as you well know, the economy and a certain number of people who have been falling back into poverty. I know it's not your direct area. But what is the administration planning to do about people who have slid back below the poverty line? PAIGE: Well, you know, the way I approach that is education is one of the strongest ways to improve a poverty situation. That's what I was taught when I was a kid. My parents drilled that into me and that's what I believe now. Education is an economic development tool. If we can improve the education in our communities, we will also improve our earning opportunities as well. GIBSON: Secretary Paige, is the Republican Party under George W. Bush (search) a place that welcomes African-Americans? I mean, I know it welcomes you. It welcomes Colin Powell. It welcomes Condi Rice, but we hear from lots of African-American leaders who say beyond that, it doesn't. PAIGE: Well, I'll tell you what. Go past those leaders and ask the people and look for yourself. You can see the face of the administration has great representation from the African-American community as well from the other communities as well. The president is very aggressive about that as well. That's a false charge and anyone who wants to get the truth of that can simply examine it. GIBSON: All right, secretary of education Rod Paige joining me now from Madison Square Garden. Mr. Secretary, thanks very much for coming on. Appreciate it.
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Big pizza's and great prizes - Review of Al Vicolo Pizza&vino, Catania, Italy - TripAdvisor Restaurants near Al Vicolo Pizza&vino Things to do near Al Vicolo Pizza&vino Big pizza's and great prizes - Al Vicolo Pizza&vino “Big pizza's and great prizes” Via del Colosseo 5/7, 95124 Catania, Sicily, Italy Ranked #130 of 1,129 Restaurants in Catania Description: A corner of goodness in the heart of the city. "Al Vicolo Pizza & Vino", near to the central Piazza Stesicoro, has won over many tourists and gourmands. The restaurant has a beautiful show with one of its rooms overlooking directly on the remains of the ancient Roman amphitheater. Pizzas are soft and crispy at the same time, so great that exit out of the pot: it's all merit of the sourdough - with a shutter speed ranging from 24 to 36 hours - and the high quality of flour used. Food, in fact, from seasonings to meat, are genuinely Sicilians. Al Vicolo Pizza & Wine isn't only pizzeria: in addition to the more traditional cuisine, the restaurant wanted to make a difference launching the "Cotoletteria". It's a kind of meat taken by the tradition of Milan and adapted to Catania's cooking: a chicken, veal or horse steak - always very large - used as the basis of a pizza, enriched with many toppings. You should try also "Insalapizza": a bowl of bread to compose freely with vegetables at your liking. Moreover there is a wide range of wines from the best wineries and craft beers of quality to accompany every meal. Even the most greedy will be satisfied: the restaurant offers wonderful desserts, such as homemade cheesecake, and in our "Daily menu" it's always changing. We wait for you every night, including Monday, from 19 until 1 am, in via del Colosseo 5 . Big pizza's and great prizes We've gone to this restaurant based on the reviews here on Tripadvisor. The restaurant was quite full when we arrived, but still we were served quickly. The pizza's are big, and great value. Ask ElzeK about Al Vicolo Pizza&vino All reviews pizza angus steak veal antipasti bread salad fairy lights without reservation free table perfect atmosphere waiting for a table table service a great evening by the glass huge portions local wine excellent restaurant 119 - 123 of 2,703 reviews Great pizza good prices!! I have eaten at this restaurant on a regular basis over the past couple of months and have yet to be disatisfied. The restaurant is bright and welcoming and has tables available both inside and outside. The pizzas are terrific, however, they are rather large. (Two people can devide one pizza) I recommend this restaurant to anyone who loves great pizza, good prices and a friendly atmosphere. Ask Crazy4sushi about Al Vicolo Pizza&vino Thank Crazy4sushi Ask charli p about Al Vicolo Pizza&vino Ask Gilda M about Al Vicolo Pizza&vino valepuccia Ask valepuccia about Al Vicolo Pizza&vino Been to Al Vicolo Pizza&vino? Share your experiences!
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Tina - PhillyFrench--The Philadelphia French Conversation Group (Philadelphia, PA) http://photos4.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/b/3/b/2/member_179266002.jpeg http://www.meetup.com/phillyfrench/members/134373672/ I started taking French in middle school. I chose French as my language after being inspired by a film version of Les Misérables. I thought it was incredibly beautiful and it made me want to learn the language. I then took French throughout high school and was lucky enough to travel to France twice prior to graduating. I then enrolled in Drexel University's International Area Studies program where my language of choice continued to be French. I was granted the opportunity to spend a year studying in Paris, a year that was one of my best ever. French language is my passion! Bonjour! My name is Tina and I'm a graduate of Drexel University's International Area Studies program with a concentration in French. I lived in Paris for a year from 2009 until 2010 and am excited to find a group with whom I can chat in French! 350 Araboos 204 Francophiles 2,611 Techies 2,185 Salseros 1,443 International Friends
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