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re food related seizures in article c uq b lrj toads pgh pa us geb cs pitt edu gordon banks writes in article bu edu dozonoff bu edu david ozonoff writes many of these cereals are corn based after your post i looked in the literature and located two articles that implicated corn contains tryptophan and seizures the idea is that corn in the diet might potentiate an already existing or latent seizure disorder not cause it check to see if the two kellog cereals are corn based i d be interested years ago when i was an intern an obese young woman was brought into the er comatose after having been reported to have grand mal seizures why attending a corn festival we pumped her stomach and obtained what seemed like a couple of liters of corn much of it intact kernals after a few hours she woke up and was fine i was tempted to sign her out as acute corn intoxication gordon banks n jxp skepticism is the chastity of the intellect and how about contaminants on the corn e g aflatoxin michael a covington associate research scientist artificial intelligence programs mcovingt ai uga edu the university of georgia phone athens georgia u s a amateur radio n tmi
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re my new diet it works great in article c wc g eg toads pgh pa us geb cs pitt edu gordon banks writes in article apr omen uucp caf omen uucp chuck forsberg wa kgx writes can you provide a reference to substantiate that gaining back the lost weight does not constitute weight rebound until it exceeds the starting weight or is this oral tradition that is shared only among you obesity researchers annals of ny acad sci hmmm these don t look like references to me is passive aggressive behavior associated with weight rebound i purposefully left off the page numbers to encourage the reader to study the volumes mentioned and benefit therefrom good story chuck but it won t wash i have read the ny acad sci one and have it this am i couldn t find any reference to weight rebound i m not saying it isn t there but since you cited it it is your responsibility to show me where it is in there there is no index i suspect you overstepped your knowledge base as usual gordon banks n jxp skepticism is the chastity of the intellect and geb cadre dsl pitt edu it is shameful to surrender it too soon it s on page about inches up from the bottom and an inch in from the right at least we know what some people haven t read and remembered chuck forsberg wa kgx tektronix reed omen caf author of ymodem zmodem professional yam zcomm and dsz omen technology inc the high reliability software v nw sauvie is rd portland or
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cholistasis sp fat free diet pregnancy hi i ve just returned from a visit with my ob gyn and i have a few concerns that maybe y all can help me with i ve been seeing her every weeks for the past few months i m at week and during the last visits i ve gained to pounds every weeks she said this was unacceptable over any week period as it stands i ve thus far gained pounds also she says that though i m at weeks the baby s size is weeks i think she mentioned inches for the top of the fundus when i was weeks the baby s size was weeks i must also add that i had an operation a few years ago for endometriosis and i ve had no problems with endometriosis but apparently it is causing me pain in my pelvic region during the pregnancy and i have a very difficult time moving and the doc has recommended i not walk or move unless i have to i have a little handicapped sticker for when i do need to go out anyway that s of the situation the other is that almost from the beginning of pregnancy i was getting sick throwing up about times a day and mostly it was bile that was being eliminated i told her about this i know this because i wasn t eating very much due to the nausea and could see the results well now i only get sick about once every weeks and it is still bile related but in addition i had begun to feel movement near my upper right abdomen just below the right breast usually when i was lying on my right side it began to get worse though because it started to hurt when i lay on my right side and then it hurt no matter what position i was in next i noticed that when i ate greasy or fatty foods i felt like my entire abdomen had turned to stone and the pain in the area got worse however if i ate sauerkraut or vinegar or something to cut the fat it wasn t as much of a problem so the doctor says i have cholistatis and that i should avoid fatty foods this makes sense and because i was already aware of what seemed to me this cause and effect relationship i have been avoiding these foods on my own but i m still able to eat foods with ricotta cheese for instance and other low fat foods but doc wants me to be on a non fat diet this means no meat except fish and chicken w o skin i do this anyway no nuts fried food cheese etc i am allowed skim milk she said i should avoid anything sweet e g bananas also i must only have one serving of something high in carbohydrates a day potatoes pasta rice she said i can t even cook vegetables in a little bit of oil and that i should eat vegetables raw or steamed i m concerned because i understand you need to have some fat in your diet to help in the digestive process and if i m not taking in fat is she expecting the baby will take it from my stores and why this restriction on carbohydrates if she s concerned about fat i m not clear how much of her recommendation is based on my weight gain and how much on cholistatis which i can t seem to find any information on she originally said that i should only gain pounds during the entire pregnancy since i was about lbs overweight when i started but my sister gained lbs during her pregnancy and she s taken it all off and hasn t had any problems she also asked if any members of my family were obese which none of them are anyway i think she is overly concerned about weight gain and feel like i m being punished by a severe diet she did want to see me again in one week so i think she the diet may be temporary for that one week what i want to know is how reasonable is this non fat diet i would understand if she had said low fat diet since i m trying that anyway even if she said really low fat diet i think she assumes i must be eating a high fat diet but really it is that because of the endometriosis and the operation i m not able to use the energy from the food i do eat any opinions info and experiences will be appreciated i m truly going stark raving mad trying to meet this new strict diet because fruits and vegetables go through my system in a few minutes and i ll end up having to eat constantly thus far i don t find any foods satisfying thanks g
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prk photo refractive keratostomy for those of you interested in the above procedure i am able to add the following facts this procedure is not done in philadelphia it is performed in maryland at johns hopkins for corrections between and and from to diopters i think are the units it is performed in new york city at manhattan eye and ear for corrections between and the magic words to use when requesting information on this is not prk they think you mean rk but the excimer laser study or protocol this will get you to the proper people barry d benowitz email bbenowit telesciences com pyrnj telesci bbenowit phone x snail telesciences co systems new albany rd moorestown nj
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re help for kidney stones isn t there a relatively new treatment for kidney stones involving a non invasive use of ultra sound where the patient is lowered into some sort of liquid when he she undergoes treatment i m sure i ve read about it somewhere if i remember it correctly it is a painless and effective treatment a couple of weeks ago i visited a hospital here in stockholm and saw big signs showing the way to the kidney stone chrusher mats winberg stockholm sweden
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re science and methodology was homeopathy tradition in article quqlginn q im u cs utexas edu turpin cs utexas edu russell turpin writes my definition is this science is the investigation of the empirical that avoids mistakes in reasoning and methodology discovered from previous work reading this definition i wonder when should you recognize something as being a mistake it seems to me that proponents of pseudo sciences might have their own ideas of what constitutes a mistake and which discoveries of such previous mistakes they accept kristoffer eriksson peridot konsult ab stallgatan s oerebro sweden phone e mail ske pkmab se fax or mail swip net kullmar pkmab ske
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re krillean photography todamhyp charles unlv edu brian m huey writes i think that s the correct spelling i am looking for any information supplies that will allow do it yourselfers to take krillean pictures i m thinking that education suppliers for schools might have a appartus for sale but i don t know any of the companies any info is greatly appreciated krillean photography involves taking pictures of minute decapods resident in the seas surrounding the antarctic or pictures taken by them perhaps bill from oz
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re request gyro souvlaki sauce in article apr locus com michael trofimoff tron fafnir la locus com writes would anyone out there in net land happen to have an authentic sure fire way of making this great sauce that is used to adorn gyro s and souvlaki i m not sure of the exact recipe but i m sure acidophilus is one of the major ingredients don mackie his opinions um anesthesiology will disavow
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what is intersection syndrome near the forearm wrist hi i went to the orthopedist on tuesday he diagnosed me as having intersection syndrome he prescribed feldene for me i want to know more about the disease and the drug thanks somesh
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french to english translation of medical terms dear netters i am not sure whether this is the right place to post my query but i thought there may be some bilingual physicians in this newsgroup that could help please excuse me for overloading the bandwidth i am trying to build a resource allocation program for managing a surgical operating unit in a hospital the user interface is in english however the terms of medical specialties i was given are in french i have no medical dictionary handy mine is a technical university i need to get the translation into english when there is one of the following words they refer to medical categories of operating rooms theaters i admit they may not be universally used sceptique orl brulure brule ne onatal pre natal pre mature neurochirurgie neuro surgery chirurgie ge ne rale chirurgie plastique urologie urology thank you for you help cheers berthe y choueiry choueiry lia di epfl ch lia di ecole polytechnique federale de lausanne ecublens ch lausanne switzerland voice and fax ps please reply by e mail if possible since i scan too quickly through the messages of this newsgroup
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re do we need a radiologist to read an ultrasound e j draper draper odin mda uth tmc edu writes if it were my wife i would insist that a radiologist be involved in the process radiologist are intensively trained in the process of interpreting diagnostic imaging data and are aware of many things that other physicians aren t aware of maybe maybe not a new graduate would obviously be well trained but perhaps without sufficient experience a radiologist trained or years ago who has not kept his continuing education current is a whole nuther matter a ob who has trained in modern radiology technology is certainly more qualified than the latter and at least equal to the former would you want a radiologist to deliver your baby if you wouldn t then why would you want a ob gyn to read your ultrasound study if the radiologist is also trained in ob gyn why not john john de armond wd oqc interested in high performance mobility performance engineering magazine tm interested in high tech and computers marietta ga send ur snail mail address to jgd dixie com perform dixie com for a free sample mag lee harvey oswald where are ya when we need ya
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re help me inject according to a previous poster one should seek a doctor s assistance for injections but what about sumatriptin sp doesn t one have to inject oneself immediately upon the onset of a migraine
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re diet for crohn s ibd in article apr vms ocom okstate edu banschbach vms ocom okstate edu writes in article r g finne ceti cs unc edu jge cs unc edu john eyles writes a friend has what is apparently a fairly minor case of crohn s disease but she can t seem to eat certain foods such as fresh vegetables without discomfort and of course she wants to avoid a recurrence her question is are there any nutritionists who specialize in the problems of people with crohn s disease i saw the suggestion of lipoxygnase inhibitors like tea and turmeric thanks in advance john eyles all your friend really has to do is find a registered dietician rd while most work in hospitals and clinics many major cities will have rd s who are in private practice so to speak many physicans will refer their patients with crohn s disease to rd s for dietary help if you can get your friend s physician to make a referral medical insurance should pay for the rd s services just like the services of a physical therapist the better medical insurance plans will cover this but even if your friend s plan doesn t it would be well worth the cost to get on a good diet to control the intestinal discomfort and help the intestinal lining heal crohn s disease is an inflammatory disease of the intestinal lining and lipoxygenase inhibitors may help by decreasing leukotriene formation but i m not aware of tea or turmeric containing lipoxygenase inhibitors for if you do a medline search on turmeric you ll see that it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor which is being investigated in a number of areas i m in cardiology and about years ago the cardiothoracic surgery lab at my hospital compared the effect of a teaspoon of dissolved turmeric vs a bolus of tpa in preventing myocardial reperfusion injury in a perfused langendorff sheep heart the turmeric was more effective a colleague of mine in the school of pharmacy dr ron kohen has a paper in press on the free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of tea josh backon vms huji ac il bad inflammation steroids are used but for a mild case the side effects are not worth the small benefit gained by steroid use upjohn is developing a new lipoxygenase inhibitor that should greatly help deal with inflammatory diseases but it s not available yet marty b
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re wanted rat cell line adrenal gland cortical c in article roos operoni helsinki fi roos operoni helsinki fi christophe roos writes i am looking for a rat cell line of adrenal gland cortical cell type i have been looking at atcc without success and would very much appreciate any help i shot off a response to this last night that i ve tried to cancel it was only a few minutes later while driving home that i remembered that your message does specifically say cortical my first reaction had been to suggest the pc pheochromocytoma line that may still be a good compromise depending on what you re doing have you concidered using a mouse cell line from one of the sv t antigen transgenic lines another alternative might be primary cells from bovine adrenal cortex mike
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need help on scaring please hi i need information on scaring particularly as a result of grazing the skin i really wanted to know of would a scar occur as a result of grazing if yes then would it disappear how long does a graze take to heal will hair grow on it once it has healed what is scar tissue should antiseptic cream be applied to it regularly is it better to keep it exposed and let fresh air at it please help any info no matter how small will be appreciated greatly but please e mail me directly because i dont read this newsgroup often this is my first time shaz
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re diet for crohn s ibd summary of thread a person has crohns raw vegetables cause problems unspecified steve holland replies patient may have mild obstruction avoid things that would plug her up crohn s has no dietary restriction in general in article apr aio jsc nasa gov spenser fudd jsc nasa gov s spenser aden wrote interesting statements simply because i have been told otherwise i m certainly not questioning steve s claims as for one i am not a doctor and i agree that foods don t bring on the recurrence of crohn s but inflammation can be either mildly or drastically enhanced due to food the feeling obout this has changed in the gi community the current feeling is that inflammation is not induced by food there is even evidence that patients deprived of food have mucosal atrophy due to lack of stimulation of intestinal growth factors there is now interest in providing small amounts of nasogastric feeding to patients on iv nutrition but i digress symptoms can be drastically enhanced by food but not inflammation having had one major obstruction resulting in resection is that a good enough caveat i was told that a low residue diet is called for basically the idea is that if there is inflammation of the gut which may not be realized by the patient any residue in the system can be caught in the folds of inflammation and constantly irritate thus exacerbating the problem therefore anything that doesn t digest completely by the point of common inflammation should be avoided with what i ve been told is typical crohn s of the terminal ileum my diet should be low residue consisting of completely out never again items o corn kernel husk doesn t digest most of us know this o popcorn same o dried dehydrated fruit and fruit skins o nuts very tough when it comes to giving up some fudge the low residue diet is appropriate for you if you still have obstructions again it is not felt that food causes inflammation these foods are avoided because they may get stuck i d go ahead and have the fudge though discouraged greatly o raw vegetables too fibrous o wheat and raw grain breads o exotic lettuce iceberg is ok since it s apparently mostly water o greens turnip mustard kale etc o little seeds like sesame try getting an arby s without it o long grain and wild rice husky o beans you ll generate enough gas alone without them o basically anything that requires heavy digestive processing i was told that the more processed the food the better rather ironic in this day and age the whole point is preventative you want to give your system as little chance to inflame as possible i was told that among the numerous things that were heavily discouraged i only listed a few to try the ones i wanted and see how i felt if it s bad don t do it again remember though that this was while i was in remission for veggies cook the daylights out of them i prefer steaming i think it s cooks more thoroughly you re mileage may vary as with anything else check with your doctor don t just take my word but this is the info i ve been given and it may be a starting point for discussion good luck spencer makes an especially good point in having an observant and informed patient would that many patients be able to tell what causes them problems the digestive processing idea is changing but if a food causes problems avoid them be sure that the foods are tested a second time to be sure the food is a real cause crohn s commonly causes intermittent symptoms and some patients end up with severly restricted diets that take months to renormalize there was a good article in the ccfa newsletter recently that discussed the issue of dietary restriction of fiber it would be worth reading to anyone with an interest in crohn s and as i always say when dealing with crohn s as does spencer good luck steve holland
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re diet for crohn s ibd in article apr vms ocom okstate edu banschbach vms ocom okstate edu wrote in article r g finne ceti cs unc edu jge cs unc edu john eyles writes a friend has what is apparently a fairly minor case of crohn s disease but she can t seem to eat certain foods such as fresh vegetables without discomfort and of course she wants to avoid a recurrence her question is are there any nutritionists who specialize in the problems of people with crohn s disease i saw the suggestion of lipoxygnase inhibitors like tea and turmeric thanks in advance john eyles all your friend really has to do is find a registered dietician rd while most work in hospitals and clinics many major cities will have rd s who are in private practice so to speak many physicans will refer their patients with crohn s disease to rd s for dietary help if you can get your friend s physician to make a referral medical insurance should pay for the rd s services just like the services of a physical therapist the better medical insurance plans will cover this but even if your friend s plan doesn t it would be well worth the cost to get on a good diet to control the intestinal discomfort and help the intestinal lining heal crohn s disease is an inflammatory disease of the intestinal lining and lipoxygenase inhibitors may help by decreasing leukotriene formation but i m not aware of tea or turmeric containing lipoxygenase inhibitors for bad inflammation steroids are used but for a mild case the side effects are not worth the small benefit gained by steroid use upjohn is developing a new lipoxygenase inhibitor that should greatly help deal with inflammatory diseases but it s not available yet marty b be sure a dietician is up to date on crohn s and ulcerative colitis previously low residue diets were recommended but this advice has now changed also there will be differences in advice in patients with and without obstructuon remaining so input by the physician will be important i find the dietician very important in my practice and i send most of my patients to a dietician in the course of seeing them since dieticians know so much better how to get diet histories and evaluate the contents of a diet than i do steve holland
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re homeopathy a respectable medical tradition in article pitt uucp geb cs pitt edu gordon banks writes in article nlsun oracle nl rgasch nl oracle com robert gasch writes in many european countries homepathy is accepted as a method of curing or at least alleiating many conditions to which modern medicine has no answer in most of these countries insurance pays for the treatments accepted by whom not by scientists there are people in every country who waste time and money on quackery in britain and scandanavia where i have worked it was not paid for what are most of these countries i don t believe you when were you in britain my information is different from miranda castro the complete homeopathy handbook isbn oringinally published in britain in from page and in when the national health service was established homeopathy was included as an officially approved method of treatment
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choleric and the great nt nf semantic war cross posted from alt psychology personality since it talks about physician s personalities apologies to sci med readers not familiar with the myers briggs nt nf personality terms but in a word or two the nts intuitive thinkers are approximately your philosophy science tech pragmatic types and the nfs intuitive feelers are your humanities social science theology idealistic types they hate each others guts but tend to inter marry the letter j is a reference to conscienciousness decisiveness jon noring emits typical nf type stuff physicians are just responding in their natural way hyper choleric syndrome hcs it is fascinating that a disproportionate number of physicians will type out as nt one driving characteristic of an nt especially an ntj is their obvious choleric behavior driver type a etc the extreme emotional need to control to lead and or to be the best or the most competent please get it right jon this ntj has a strong desire to correct semantic mistakes because the nfs of this world are fouling the once pristine nt intellectual nest with their verbal poop the dominant correlation is nt phlegmatic and not nt choleric one of the semantic roots of choleric is the idea of hot emotional and one of the semantic roots of phlegmatic is cold unemotional here is a thumbnail sketch taken from hans eysenck refering to wundt relating the ancient greek quadratic typology with modern terms emotional melancholic choleric thoughtful suspicious quickly aroused hotheaded unhappy worried egocentric histrionic anxious exhibitonist serious active unchangeable changeable calm playful reasonable carefree steadfast persistent hopeful sociable highly principled controlled controlled easy going phlegmatic sanguine v non emotional i suspect that your characterisation of nts as choleric is what you psych types call a projection of your own nf ness onto us maybe we need more nf doctor s perhaps in serious pediatics and my little boy s got a runny nose doctor general practice but please god not in neurology opthamology urology etc etc and nf psychiatry should seperate from nt i e real psychiatry and be given a new name something like channeling tony nexus yorku ca tony wallis york university toronto canada
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re is msg sensitivity superstition in article dpc uxa cso uiuc edu daniel paul checkman writes bruce data io com bruce reynolds writes anecedotal evidence is worthless even doctors who have been using a drug or treatment for years and who swear it is effective are often suprised at the results of clinical trials whether or not msg causes describable reportable documentable symptoms should be pretty simple to discover but it is quite a leap in logic to observe one situation where anecdotal evidence led nowhere and therefore conclude that anecdotal evidence will never lead anywhere i m sure somebody here can provide an example where anecdotal evidence and the interpretation of it was upheld verified by follow on rigorous clinical trials i tend to disagree i think anecdotal evidence provided there is a lot of it and it is fairly consistent will is very important first it points to the necessity of doing a study and second it at least says that the effects are all psychological or possibly allergy in this case as i ve pointed out person s make believe can easily be another person s reality good point there has been a tendency by some on this newsgroup to circle the wagons to the viewpoint that anecdotal medical evidence is worthless maybe to counter the claims of those who are presenting anecdotal evidence to support controversial subjects such as the yeast hypothesis but evidence is evidence it requires a jury or a process to sort it out and determine the truth from the junk medicine must continue to strive to better understand the workings of the body mind for the purpose of alleviating illness anecdotal evidence is just one piece of the puzzle it is not worthless rather it can help focus limited resources in the right direction jon noring charter member infj club if you re dying to know what infj means be brave e mail me i ll send info jon noring noring netcom com jkn international ip fred s gourmet chocolate carlton place phone chips world s best livermore ca v mail who are you read alt psychology personality that s where the action is
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how to prevent kidney stone formation i got asked in sci med nutrition about vitamin c and oxalate production toxic kidney stone formation i decided to post my answer here as well because of the recent question about kidney stones not long after i got into sci med i got flamed by a medical fellow for stating that magnesium would prevent kidney stone formation i m going to state it again here but the best way to prevent kidney stones from forming is to take b supplements read on to find out why i have my asbestos suit on now guys vitamin c will form oxalic acid but large doses are needed above grams per day review article nutritional factors in calcium containing kidney stones with particular emphasis on vitamin c int clin nutr rev but glycine also forms oxalic acid d amino acid oxidases for both glycine and vitamin c one of the best ways to drastically reduce this production is not to cut back on dietary intake of vitamin c or glycine but to increase your intake of vitamin b control of hyperoxaluria with large doses of pyridoxine in patients with kidney stones int urol nephrol to mg of b each day significasntly decreased the urinary excretion of oxalate over the month treatment program the action of pyridoxine in primary hyperoxaluria clin sci patients receiving at least mg b each day showed a significant reduction in urinary oxalate levels for gylcine this effect is due to increased transaminase activity b is required for transaminase activity which makes less glycine available for oxidative deamination d amino acid oxidases for vitamin c the effect is quite different there are different pathways for vitamin c catabolism the pathway that leads to oxalic acid formation will usually have to of the ingested dose going into oxalic acid but this is highly variable and the vitamin c review article pointed out that unless the dose gets upto grams per day not too much vitamin c gets catabolized to form oxalic acid at very high doses of vitamin c above grams per day more of the extra vitamin c more than conversion can end up as oxalic acid in a very early study on vitamin c and oxalic production proc soc exp biol med intakes of grams per day up to grams per day increased the average oxalic acid excretion from mg per day up to mg per day until grams per day was reached the average excreted was increased by only to mg per day gram dose gram dose gram dose and gram dose grams jumped it to mg over the average excretion before supplementation and grams jumped it to mg over the average before supplementation b is required by more enzymes than any other vitamin in the body there are probably some enzymes that require vitamin b that we don t know about yet vitamin c catabolism is still not completely understood but the speculation is that this other pathway that does not form oxalic acid must have an enzyme in it that requires b differences in b levels could then explain the very variable production of oxalic acid from a vitamin c challenge this is not the preferred route of catabolism increasing your intake of b would then result in less oxalic acid being formmed if you take vitamin c supplements since the typical american diet is deficient in b some researchers believe that the main cause of calcium oxalate kidney stones is b deficiency especially since so little oxalic acid gets absorbed from the gut diets providing to mg of oxalic acid per day showed absolutely no change in urinary excretion of oxalate urol int if mg was present each day there was a significant increase in urinary oxalate excretion here are the high oxalate foods beans coca instant coffee parsley rhubarb spinach and tea contain at least mg grams beet tops carrots celery chocolate cumber grapefruit kale peanuts pepper sweet potatoe contain to mg grams if the threshold is mg per day you can see that you really have a lot of latitude in food selection a recent n eng j med article also points out that one good way to prevent kidney stone formation is to increase your intake of calcium which will prevent most of the dietary oxalate from being absorbed at all if you also increase your intake of b you shouldn t have to worry about kidney stones at all the rda for b is mg per day for males and mg per day for females directly related to protein intake b can be toxic nerve damage if it is consumed in doses of mg or more per day for an extended peroid weeks to months the usda food survey done in had an average intake of mg per day for males and mg per day for females living in the u s coupled with this low intake was a high protein diet which greatly increases the b requirement as well as the presence of some of the different drugs that either block b absorption are metabolic antagonists of b or promote b excretion in the urine common ones are birth control pills alcohol isoniazid penicillamine and corticosteroids i tell my students to supplement all their patients that are going to get any of the drugs that increase the b requirement the dose recommended for patients taking birth control pills is mg per day and this should work for most of the other drugs that increase the b requirement this would be on top of your dietary intake of b any patient that has a history of kidney stone formation should be given b supplements one other good way to prevent kidney stone formation is to make sure your ca mg dietary ratio is magnesium oxalate is much more soluble than is calcium oxalate the magnesium calcium ratio in the concentrated urines of patients with calcium oxalate calculi invest urol effect of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium in urine changes producted by food magnesium interaction j urol review article magnesium in the physiopathology and treatment of renal calcium stones j presse med there are actually about three times as many articles published in the medical literature on the role of magnesium in preventing kidney stone formation than there are for b i thought that i was being pretty safe in stating that magnesium would prevent kidney stone formation in an earlier post in this news group but good old john a in mass jumped all over me i guess that he doesn t read the medical literature oh well since kidney stones can be a real pain and a lot of people suffer from them i thought i d tell you how you can avoid the pain and stay out of the doctor s office martin banschbach ph d professor of biochemistry and chairman department of biochemistry and microbiology osu college of osteopathic medicine w th street tulsa ok without discourse there is no remembering without remembering there is no learning without learning there is only ignorance from a wise man who lived in china many many years ago i think that it still has meaning in today s world
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re request gyro souvlaki sauce in article r pcn rm terminator rs itd umich edu donald mackie med umich edu donald mackie writes in article apr locus com michael trofimoff tron fafnir la locus com writes would anyone out there in net land happen to have an authentic sure fire way of making this great sauce that is used to adorn gyro s and souvlaki i m not sure of the exact recipe but i m sure acidophilus is one of the major ingredients the only recipies i ve ever seen for this include plain yogurt finely chopped cucumber and a couple of crushed cloves of garlic yummy kenneth gilbert university of pittsburgh general internal medicine dammit not a programmer
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re great post was re candida yeast bloom very long in article noringc wzm n netcom com noring netcom com jon noring writes hate to wreck your elaborate theory but steve dyer is not an md so professional jealosy over doctors who help their patients with nystatin etc can t very well come into the picture steve doesn t have any patients response to specificially candida albicans and i showed a strong positive another question would everybody show the same strong positive so this test is essentially useless and assuming it is true that candida can grow yes everyone who is normal does that we use candida on the other arm when we put a tuberculin test on if people don t react to candida we assume the tb test was not conclusive since such people may not react to anything all normal people have antibodies to candida if not you would quickly turn into a fungus ball this brings up an interesting observation used by those who will deny and reject any and all aspects of the yeast hypothesis until the appropriate studies are done and that is if you can t observe or culture the yeast bloom in the gut or sinus then there s no way to diagnose or even recognize the disease and i know they realize that it is virtually impossible to test for candida overbloom in any part of the body that cannot be easily observed since candida is everywhere in the body it s a real catch you ve just discovered one of the requirements for a good quack theory find something that no one can disprove and then write a book saying it is the cause of whatever since no one can disprove it you can rake in the bucks for quite some time i have often wondered what an m d with chronic gi distress or sinus problems would do about the problem that he tells his patients is a non existent syndrome that is odd isn t it why do you suppose it is that mds with these common problems don t go for these crazy ideas does the professional jealosy extend to suffering in silence even though they know they could be cured if they just followed this quack book gordon banks n jxp skepticism is the chastity of the intellect and geb cadre dsl pitt edu it is shameful to surrender it too soon
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re homeopathy a respectable medical tradition in article c qmjj yb ampex com jag ampex com rayaz jagani writes from miranda castro the complete homeopathy handbook isbn oringinally published in britain in from page and in when the national health service was established homeopathy was included as an officially approved method of treatment i was there in i suppose it must have died out since then certainly i never heard of any homeopaths or herbalists in the employ of the nhs perhaps the law codified it but the authorities refused to hire any homeopaths a similar law in the us allows chiropractors to practice in va hospitals but i ve never seen one there and i don t know of a single va that has hired a chiropractor there are a lot of britons on the net so someone should be able to tell us if the nhs provides homeopaths for you gordon banks n jxp skepticism is the chastity of the intellect and geb cadre dsl pitt edu it is shameful to surrender it too soon
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epstein barr syndrome questions okay this is a long shot my friend robin has recurring bouts of mononucleosis type symptoms very regularly this has been going on for a number of years she s seen a number of doctors six was the last count i think most of them have said either you have mono or you re full of it there s nothing wrong with you one has admitted to having no idea what was wrong with her and one has claimed that it is epstein barr syndrome now what she told me about ebs is that very few doctors even believe that it exists obviously this has been her experience so what s the story is it real does the medical profession believe it to be real has anyone had success is treating ebs or is it just something to live with thanks for your assistance joel the ogre cherney jcherney reed edu of the horde
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re food related seizures in article c x l r athena cs uga edu mcovingt aisun ai uga edu michael covington writes newsgroups sci med path news larc nasa gov saimiri primate wisc edu sdd hp com elroy jpl nasa gov swrinde zaphod mps ohio state edu howland reston ans net europa eng gtefsd com emory athena aisun ai uga edu mcovingt from mcovingt aisun ai uga edu michael covington sender usenet athena cs uga edu nntp posting host aisun ai uga edu organization ai programs university of georgia athens references paulson apr cmb larc nasa gov bu edu c uq b lrj toads pgh pa us date fri apr gmt lines in article c uq b lrj toads pgh pa us geb cs pitt edu gordon banks writes in article bu edu dozonoff bu edu david ozonoff writes many of these cereals are corn based after your post i looked in the literature and located two articles that implicated corn contains tryptophan and seizures the idea is that corn in the diet might potentiate an already existing or latent seizure disorder not cause it check to see if the two kellog cereals are corn based i d be interested years ago when i was an intern an obese young woman was brought into the er comatose after having been reported to have grand mal seizures why attending a corn festival we pumped her stomach and obtained what seemed like a couple of liters of corn much of it intact kernals after a few hours she woke up and was fine i was tempted to sign her out as acute corn intoxication gordon banks n jxp skepticism is the chastity of the intellect and how about contaminants on the corn e g aflatoxin michael a covington associate research scientist artificial intelligence programs mcovingt ai uga edu the university of georgia phone athens georgia u s a amateur radio n tmi what is aflatoxin sharon sharon paulson s s paulson larc nasa gov nasa langley research center bldg d mailstop work hampton virginia home
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re choleric and the great nt nf semantic war also remember that most people map the sanguine choleric melencholic phlegmatic division onto the extraversion and neuroticism dimensions like eysenck and that the mbti does not deal with neuroticism costa mccrae frank fujita
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re krillean photography stgprao st unocal com richard ottolini writes living things maintain small electric fields to enhance certain chemical reactions promote communication of states with in a cell communicate between cells of which the nervous system is a specialized example and perhaps other uses true these electric fields change with location and time in a large organism also true special photographic techniques such as applying external fields in kirillian photography interact with these fields or the resistances caused by these fields to make interesting pictures not really kirlian photography is taking pictures of the corona discharge from objects animate or inanimate the fields applied to the objects are millions of times larger than any biologically created fields if you want to record the biologically created electric fields you ve got to use low noise high gain sensors typical of eegs and ekgs kirlian photography is just phun with physics type stuff right up there with soaking chunks of extra fine steel wool in liquid oxygen then hitting them with a hammer which like a kirlean setup is fun but possibly dangerous perhaps such pictures will be diagonistic of disease problems in organisms when better understood perhaps not probably not grant edwards yow vote for me i m rosemount inc well tapered half cocked ill conceived and grante aquarius rosemount com tax deferred
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re arrhythmia in article apr husc harvard edu perry husc harvard edu alexis perry writes in article apr vaxc stevens tech edu u averba vaxc stevens tech edu writes doctors said that he could die from it and the medication caused is it that serious my ekg often comes back with a few irregular beats another question is a low blood potassium level very bad my doctor seems concerned but she tends to worry too much in general the term arrhythmia is usually used to encompass a wide range of abnormal heart rhythms cardiac dysrhythmias some of them are very serious while others are completely benign having a few irregular beats on an ekg could be serious depending on what those beats were and when they occurred or could be of no significance low blood potassium levels probably predispose people with underlying heart disease to develop arrhythmias very low potassium levels are clearly dangerous but it is not clear how much of a problem low end of normal levels are a lot of cardiologists seem to treat anyone with even a mildly low normal potassium level david rind rind enterprise bih harvard edu
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re candida yeast bloom fact or fiction in article apr vms ocom okstate edu banschbach vms ocom okstate edu writes poster for being treated by a liscenced physician for a disease that did not exist calling this physician a quack was reprehensible steve and i see that you and some of the others are doing it here as well do you believe that any quacks exist how about quack diagnoses is being a licensed physician enough to guarantee that someone is not a quack or is it just that even if a licensed physician is a quack other people shouldn t say so can you give an example of a commonly diagnosed ailment that you think is a quack diagnosis or have we gotten to the point in civilization where we no longer need to worry about unscrupulous healers taking advantage of people david rind rind enterprise bih harvard edu
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re homeopathy a respectable medical tradition in article c y zr b toads pgh pa us geb cs pitt edu gordon banks writes in article c qmjj yb ampex com jag ampex com rayaz jagani writes from miranda castro the complete homeopathy handbook isbn oringinally published in britain in from page and in when the national health service was established homeopathy was included as an officially approved method of treatment i was there in i suppose it must have died out since then certainly i never heard of any homeopaths or herbalists in the employ of the nhs perhaps the law codified it but the authorities refused to hire any homeopaths a similar law in the us allows chiropractors to practice in va hospitals but i ve never seen one there and i don t know of a single va that has hired a chiropractor there are a lot of britons on the net so someone should be able to tell us if the nhs provides homeopaths for you i don t think they provide homeopaths heck the heir apparent was trying to promote osteopaths to the ranks of eligibility a couple of years back it pleased my family no end since i m at an osteopathic school sort of validated it for them then i told them that the name was the same but the practice was different oh if you re seeking validation for your philosophy on the strength of the national health service adopting it i suggest that you are not very sure of the validity of your philosophy i believe in the nhs was still having its nurses taught the fine art of cupping which is the vacuum extraction of intradermal fluids by means of heating a cup placing it on the afflicted site and allowing it to cool i wouldn t take my sick daughter to a homeopath david n chorley yikes i m agreeing with gordon banks
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re modified sense of taste in cancer pt in article apr peavax mlo dec com lunger helix enet dec com dave lunger writes what does a lack of taste of foods or a sense of taste that seems off when eating foods in someone who has cancer mean what are the possible causes of this why does it happen i can t answer most of your questions but i ve seen it happen in family members who are being treated with radiation and or chemotherapy jory graham published a cookbook many years ago in cooperation with the american cancer society i think called something has to taste good as i recall the cookbook was just what we needed several times when favorite foods suddenly became yech kay klier biology dept uni
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re great post was re candida yeast bloom very long in article noringc wzm n netcom com noring netcom com jon noring writes if you can t observe or culture the yeast bloom in the gut or sinus then there s no way to diagnose or even recognize the disease and i know they realize that it is virtually impossible to test for candida overbloom in any part of the body that cannot be easily observed since candida is everywhere in the body in article c y nm axv toads pgh pa us geb cs pitt edu gordon banks writes you ve just discovered one of the requirements for a good quack theory find something that no one can disprove and then write a book saying it is the cause of whatever since no one can disprove it you can rake in the bucks for quite some time i hope gordon banks did not mean to imply that notions such as hard to see candida infections causing various problems should not be investigated many researchers have made breakthroughs by figuring out how to investigate things that were previously thought virtually impossible to test for indeed i would be surprised if candida overbloom were such a phenomena i would think that candida would produce signature byproducts whose measure would then set a lower bound on the extent of recent infection i realize this might get quite tricky and difficult probably expensive and likely inconvenient or uncomfortable to the subjects but that is not the same as virtually impossible russell
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re diet for crohn s ibd one thing that i haven t seen in this thread is a discussion of the relation between ibd inflammation and the profile of ingested fatty acids fas i was diagnosed last may w crohn s of the terminal ileum when i got out of the hospital i read up on it a bit and came across several studies investigating the role of epa an essentially fa in reducing inflammation the evidence was mixed many of these studies are discussed in inflammatory bowel disease macdermott stenson but if i recall correctly there were some methodological bones to be picked with the studies both the ones w pos and w neg results in the studies patients were given epa a few grams day for most of the studies but if i recall correctly there was no restriction of the other fas that the patients could consume from the informed layperson s perspective this seems mistaken if lots of n fas are consumed along with the epa then the ratio of bad prostanoid products to good prostanoid products could still be fairly bad isn t this ratio the issue what s the view of the gastro community on epa these days epa supplements along with a fairly severe restriction of other fas appear to have helped me significantly though it could just be the low absolute amount of fat i eat calories brian bmdelane midway uchicago edu
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any interest in a mailing list on epilepsy and seizures i have seen a fair bit of traffic recently concerning epilepsy and seizures i am also interested in this subject i have a son with epilepsy and i am very active with the local association i posted a message like this a few months ago and received no replies but here it is again is anyone interested in participating in a mailing list on epilepsy and seizures this would allow us to hold discussions and share information via electronic mail i already run a listserver for two other groups so the mechanics would be easy if you are interested mail me a note if i get enough replies i will make it happen and provide you with the details btw i have also started a database on epilepsy this is part of my research on natural language question answering systems users of this service are able to ask questions about epilepsy and the program searches the database and retrieves its best response the technology works by comparing your question against a set of questions that have been seen before all new questions that are not answered are recorded and used to improve the system this database is still small and sparse but we are adding new information to try it out do the following telnet debra dgbt doc ca login chat then select the epilepsy item from the menu of databases andrew patrick ph d communications research centre ottawa canada andrew calvin dgbt doc ca for a good time run telnet debra dgbt doc ca and login as chat
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re epstein barr syndrome questions in article apr reed edu jcherney reed edu writes okay this is a long shot my friend robin has recurring bouts of mononucleosis type symptoms very regularly this has been going on for a number of years she s seen a number of doctors six was the last count i think most of them have said either you have mono or you re full of it there s nothing wrong with you one has admitted to having no idea what was wrong with her and one has claimed that it is epstein barr syndrome now what she told me about ebs is that very few doctors even believe that it exists obviously this has been her experience so what s the story is it real does the medical profession believe it to be real has anyone had success is treating ebs or is it just something to live with thanks for your assistance outbreaks of a chronic mono like entity were originally called ebs or some variant thereof because most of the people with this disease had elevated levels of antibodies to the ebv virus but not all of them did which prompted an official renaming of the disease to chronic fatigue syndrome this renaming took place in the annals of internal medicine jan i believe now it s also called chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome cfids since it seems clear that some sort of immune disregulation is causing the probs astonishly there are still docs who tell people with massively swollen glands recurrent fevers and nightsweats etc that there s nothing wrong with them this is not the same thing as saying that the syndrome may have a at least partly psychological cause the disagreement among people whose thoughts are worth considering centers on just what the cause is no one knows but theories include psychological stress some sort of virus a retrovirus say most maybe one of the newly discovered herpes viruses environmental toxins bacteria and yes candida genes and or some combo of these there s no outright cure at the moment but different docs try different things some of which seem to help massive amounts of info on the condition are available these days post your q to alt med cfs and you will be flooded w facts note there are lots of far better understood and better treatable diseases that look like cfids make sure these get ruled out by a good doc
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frozen shoulder and lawn mowing ihave had a frozen shoulder for over a year or about a year it is still partially frozen and i am still in physical therapy every week but the pain has subsided almost completely until last week when i mowed the lawn for twenty minutes each two days in a row i have a push type power mower the pain started back up a little bit for the first time in quite a while and i used ice and medicine again can anybody explain why this particular activity which does not seem to stress me very much generally should cause this shoulder problem thanks alice
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re great post was re candida yeast bloom very long in article turpin cs utexas edu russell turpin writes i hope gordon banks did not mean to imply that notions such as hard to see candida infections causing various problems should not be investigated many researchers have made breakthroughs by figuring out how to investigate things that were previously thought virtually impossible to test for indeed i would be surprised if candida overbloom were such a phenomena i would think that candida would produce signature byproducts whose measure would then set a lower bound on the extent of recent infection i realize this might get quite tricky and difficult probably expensive and likely inconvenient or uncomfortable to the subjects but that is not the same as virtually impossible i recall reading in the recently revised edition of the yeast connection that there is indeed work by researchers to do this of course they are working on the theory that candida overbloom with penetration into mucus membrane tissue with associated mild inflammatory response can and does occur in a large number of people if you reject this yeast hypothesis then i d guess you d view this research as one more wasteful and quixotic endeavor stay tuned jon noring charter member infj club if you re dying to know what infj means be brave e mail me i ll send info jon noring noring netcom com jkn international ip fred s gourmet chocolate carlton place phone chips world s best livermore ca v mail who are you read alt psychology personality that s where the action is
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re diet for crohn s ibd in article apr midway uchicago edu bmdelane quads uchicago edu brian manning delaney wrote one thing that i haven t seen in this thread is a discussion of the relation between ibd inflammation and the profile of ingested fatty acids fas i was diagnosed last may w crohn s of the terminal ileum when i got out of the hospital i read up on it a bit and came across several studies investigating the role of epa an essentially fa in reducing inflammation the evidence was mixed many of these studies are discussed in inflammatory bowel disease macdermott stenson but if i recall correctly there were some methodological bones to be picked with the studies both the ones w pos and w neg results in the studies patients were given epa a few grams day for most of the studies but if i recall correctly there was no restriction of the other fas that the patients could consume from the informed layperson s perspective this seems mistaken if lots of n fas are consumed along with the epa then the ratio of bad prostanoid products to good prostanoid products could still be fairly bad isn t this ratio the issue what s the view of the gastro community on epa these days epa supplements along with a fairly severe restriction of other fas appear to have helped me significantly though it could just be the low absolute amount of fat i eat calories brian bmdelane midway uchicago edu as you note the research is mixed so there is no consensus on the role of fatty acids in ulcerative colitis there is a role for short chain fatty acids in patients with colostomies and rectal pouches that are inflammed short is butyrate and shorter there may be a role for treatment of uc with short chain fatty acids and i am looking forward to the upcoming aga meeting in boston to see what people are doing you raise a hypothesis about the studies and restriction of other fatty acids you should contact the authors directly about that or even write a letter to the editor it is a good point by the way the abbreviation epa is not in general use so i do not know what fatty acid you are speaking about and to brian an u of c there is a physician named stephen hanauer there who is a recognized expert in the treatment of ibd you might give him a call he is interested in new combinations of drugs for the treatment of ibd if you call please say hello to him from me i was looking at u of c for a position and perhaps still am and be sure to look into joining the ccfa best of luck steve holland
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re is msg sensitivity superstition in article apr llyene jpl nasa gov julie eddie jpl nasa gov julie kangas writes as for how foods taste if i m not allergic to msg and i like the taste of it why shouldn t i use it saying i shouldn t use it is like saying i shouldn t eat spicy food because my neighbor has an ulcer nobody is saying that you shouldn t be allowed to use msg just don t force it on others if you have food that you want to enhance with msg just put the msg on the table like salt it is then the option of the eater to use it if you make a commerical product just leave it out you can include a packet like some salt packets if you desire salt pepper mustard ketchup pickles are table options treat msg the same way i wouldn t shove my condiments down your throat don t shove yours down mine wfl walter lundby
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quack quack was re candida yeast bloom fact or fiction in article rind enterprise bih harvard edu david rind writes do you believe that any quacks exist how about quack diagnoses is being a licensed physician enough to guarantee that someone is not a quack or is it just that even if a licensed physician is a quack other people shouldn t say so can you give an example of a commonly diagnosed ailment that you think is a quack diagnosis or have we gotten to the point in civilization where we no longer need to worry about unscrupulous healers taking advantage of people i would say there are also significant numbers of unscrupulous doctors of the squeaky clean traditional crew cut talk to the ama before starting any treatment kind who recommend treatments that though accepted may not be necessary for the patient at the time and all for making a quick buck i would not be surprised if the cost of medical services in the u s is significantly inflated by these quacks of a different color in fact i d say these doctors are the most dangerous since they call into question the true focus of the medical profession the ama and the boards should focus on these quacks instead of devoting unbelievable energy on search and destroy missions to pull the licenses of those doctors who are trying non traditional or not fully accepted treatments for their desperate patients that traditional accepted medicine cannot help now to make a general comment on many recent posts lately i ve seen the word quack bandied about recklessly when a doctor or doctor wanna be has decided to quit discussing any controversial medical subject in a civilized manner all he she has to do is say quack quack and somehow they magically expect the readership of this newsgroup to roll over on their backs and pee pee on themselves in obedience what do they teach you in medical school how to throw your authority around let me put it another way to make my point clear quack is a nebulous word lacking in any precision its sole use is to obfuscate the issues at hand the indiscriminate use of this word is a sure sign of incompetency and coming from any medical doctor or wanna be where competency is expected is real scary but what do i know i ve already been diagnosed by the sci med gods in this newsgroup as being anal retentive and psychotic i look forward to more net diagnoses hey they re free jon quacks r us noring p s may i suggest seriously that if the doctors and wanna be doctors on the net who refuse to have an open mind on alternative treatments and theories such as the yeast theory should create your own moderated group you can call it sci med traditional moderated or sci med ama approved so you can keep anal retentives like me out of it charter member infj club if you re dying to know what infj means be brave e mail me i ll send info jon noring noring netcom com jkn international ip fred s gourmet chocolate carlton place phone chips world s best livermore ca v mail who are you read alt psychology personality that s where the action is
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re request gyro souvlaki sauce in article r pcn rm terminator rs itd umich edu donald mackie donald mackie med umich edu writes in article apr locus com michael trofimoff tron fafnir la locus com writes would anyone out there in net land happen to have an authentic sure fire way of making this great sauce that is used to adorn gyro s and souvlaki i m not sure of the exact recipe but i m sure acidophilus is one of the major ingredients it s plain yoghurt with grated cucumber and coriander other spices are sometimes used some people use half yoghurt and half mayonaise
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re heat shock proteins rousseaua immunex com writes about heat shock proteins hsp s and dna i hate to be derogatory but in this case i think it s warranted hsp s are part of the cellular response to stress the only reason they are called heat shock proteins is because they were first demonstrated using heat shock dead tissue ie meat is not going to produce any protein because it s dead also who cares if the dna you are ingesting is mutated it will be completely digested in your stomach which is about ph some of you worry way too much eat a healthy balanced diet and relax my advice is if you don t know what you are talking about it is better to keep your mouth shut than to open it and remove all doubt about your ignorance don t speculate or at least get some concrete information before you do sherry olmstead biochemist sherry olmstead title lab technician forestry canada phone victoria b c internet solmstead a pfc forestry ca
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poisoning with heavy water was re too many mris in article apr informix com proberts informix com paul roberts writes in article apr kestrel edu king reasoning com dick king writes i recall reading somewhere during my youth in some science popularization book that whyle isotope changes don t normally affect chemistry a consumption of only heavy water would be fatal and that seeds watered only with heavy water do not sprout does anyone know about this i also heard this i always thought it might make a good eposide of columbo for someone to be poisoned with heavy water it wouldn t show up in any chemical test no one else seems to know so i ll post this this topic came up on sci physics fusion shortly after the cold fusion flap started as i recall its been done to some experimental mice they showed various ill effects and eventually died the reason is that deuterium does not have exactly the same reaction rates as hydrogen due to its extra mass which causes lower velocity boltzman constant mumble this throws various bits of body biochemistry out of kilter and you get sick and die i ve never heard of anyone being poisened this way in or out of real life the process takes quite a while if anyone wants to write this book i would imagine you would have to replace a significant fraction of the water in the body with heavy water wait while normal breakdown and repair processes cause other molecules in the body to be synthesised using the deuterium during this process the victim would gradually deteriorate and eventually die but i imagine it would take weeks during which the poisoner would have to ensure that a significant proportion of the water the victim ingested was heavy you would get such a mess of symptoms that the doctors would be both alarmed and confused why should every organ in the body suddenly begin to deteriorate if you can figure out how the poisoner gets the heavy water into the victim in a hospital then you could have a real story here come to think of it would continue even after the heavy water was no longer being ingested so hospitalisation might be too late the most detectable effect would be that the victim s body fluids would literally be heavy water has a molecular weight of and heavy water has a mw of thus the victim s weight will increase by about for every of body water replaced by heavy water maybe the detection occurs because some pathologist in the lab notices that the victim s urine is strangely dense is there any medical test involving the specific gravity of a body fluid paul paul johnson paj gec mrc co uk tel ext these ideas and others like them can be had gec marconi research is not for each from any reputable idealist responsible for my opinions
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re eye dominance in article c e g world std com rsilver world std com richard silver writes is there a right eye dominance eyedness as there is an overall right handedness in the population i mean do most people require less lens corrections for the one eye than the other if so what kinds of percentages can be attached to this thanks yes there is such a thing as eye dominance although i am not sure if this dominance refers to perscription strength as i recall if you selectively close your dominant eye you will percieve that the image shifts this will not happen if you close your other eye i believe that which eye is dominant is related to handedness but i can t recall the relation at the moment barry d benowitz email bbenowit telesciences com pyrnj telesci bbenowit phone x snail telesciences co systems new albany rd moorestown nj
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sale melittin see letter melittin in cooperation with the state scientific center on antibiotics we have elaborated our own technology of bee venom components isolation particularly melitin using modern chromatographic eduipment by pharmacia and millipore companies with application of only the materials admitted for manufacturing pharmaceutic production high quality of our product is acknowledged by the expertise of the accredited test laboratory firm test v o souzexpertisa tpp rf littin no less than of the primary substance content quantity from g up to kg date of manufacture march price dol usa per g certificate is on sale adress moscow semyenovskiy val a bost partnership ltd tel fax
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re adult chicken pox i am and am recovering from a case of chicken pox which i contracted from my year old daughter i have quite a few of these little puppies all over my bod at what point am i no longer infectious my physician s office says when they are all scabbed over is this true i have been in the same boat as you last year i ve tried four times to send you an email response but your end doesn t seem to accept my mail please let me know if you receive this cheers nigel nigel ballard int nigel dataman demon co uk vacant lot bournemouth uk cis radio g hoi for rent diaries of the famous colonel custer surrounded by indians just when i fancied a chinese
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re help for kidney stones if you think you have kidney stones or your doctor tells you that you do definitely follow up on it my sister was diagnosed with kidney stones years ago and given medication to take to dissolve them after that failed and she continued to be in great pain they decided she had endometriosis when they did exploratory surgery they discovered she had a tumor which turned out to be rhabdomyosarcoma a very rare and agressive cancer i realize this is not what happens in the majority of cases but you never know what can happen and shouldn t take chances
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why isolate it does anyone on this newsgroup happen to know why morphine was first isolated from opium if you know why or have an idea for where i could look to find this info please mail me csh any suggestionas would be greatly appreciated kilimanjaro is a pretty tricky climb most of it s up until you reach the very very top and then it tends to slope away rather sharply sir george head obe jc logic the point is frozen the beast is dead what is the difference gavin millarrrrrrrrrr jc
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re is msg sensitivity superstition to milsh nmr z mgh harvard edu alex milshteyn am having said that i might add that in mho msg does not enhance am flavor enoughf for me to miss it when i go to chinese places am i order food without msg to me msg tastes just like a mixture of salt and sugar i don t think that is the case with most people what does it taste like to you if wishes were horses we d all have to wear hip boots origin one world los angeles b
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re can men get yeast infections to smithmc mentor cc purdue edu lost boy lb i know from personal experience that men can get yeast infections i lb get rather nasty ones from time to time mostly in the area of the lb scrotum and the base of the penis i used to have problems with recurrent athlete s foot until i started drying between my toes with my blow drier after each time i bathe i also dry my pubic area while i am at it to prevent problems you might want to try it my cat types with his tail origin one world los angeles b
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re gravity waves was predicting gravity wave quantization cosmic noise in article c kvjf qo well sf ca us metares well sf ca us tom van flandern writes crb q kelvin seas virginia edu cameron randale bass writes bruce scott launchpad unc edu bruce scott writes existence is undefined unless it is synonymous with observable in physics crb dong dong dong do i hear the death knell of string theory i agree you can add dark matter and quarks and a lot of other unobservable purely theoretical constructs in physics to that list including the omni present black holes will bruce argue that their existence can be inferred from theory alone then what about my original criticism when i said curvature can only exist relative to something non curved bruce replied existence is undefined unless it is synonymous with observable in physics we cannot observe more than the four dimensions we know about at the moment i don t see a way to defend that statement and the existence of these unobservable phenomena simultaneously tom i hold that space cannot be curved for the simple reason that it can have no properties of properties we can only speak when dealing with matter filling the space to say that in the presence of large bodies space becomes curved is equivalent to stating that something can act upon nothing i for one refuse to subscribe to such a view nikola tesla et tesla was years ahead of his time perhaps now his time comes
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space faq constants and equations archive name space constants last modified date constants and equations for calculations this list was originally compiled by dale greer additions would be appreciated numbers in parentheses are approximations that will serve for most blue skying purposes unix systems provide the units program useful in converting between different systems metric english etc numbers m s earth orbital velocity at km altitude m s earth orbital velocity at km geosync km mean radius of earth km equatorial radius of earth km mean radius of moon e kg e mass of earth e kg e mass of moon e kg e mass of sun e m s e gravitational constant times mass of earth e m s e gravitational constant times mass of moon e m s e gravitational constant times mass of sun km e mean earth moon distance e m e mean earth sun distance astronomical unit megaton mt tnt about e j or the energy equivalent of about kg gm of matter ref j r williams the energy level of things air force special weapons center ardc kirtland air force base new mexico also see the effects of nuclear weapons compiled by s glasstone and p j dolan published by the us department of defense obtain from the gpo equations where d is distance v is velocity a is acceleration t is time additional more specialized equations are available from ames arc nasa gov pub space faq moreequations for constant acceleration d d vt at v v at v ad acceleration on a cylinder space colony etc of radius r and rotation period t a pi r t for circular keplerian orbits where vc velocity of a circular orbit vesc escape velocity m total mass of orbiting and orbited bodies g gravitational constant defined below u g m can be measured much more accurately than g or m k g m a r radius of orbit measured from center of mass of system v orbital velocity p orbital period a semimajor axis of orbit vc sqrt m g r vesc sqrt m g r sqrt vc v u a p pi sqrt u a k v g m r conservation of energy the period of an eccentric orbit is the same as the period of a circular orbit with the same semi major axis change in velocity required for a plane change of angle phi in a circular orbit delta v sqrt gm r sin phi energy to put mass m into a circular orbit ignores rotational velocity which reduces the energy a bit gmm re rcirc re radius of the earth rcirc radius of the circular orbit classical rocket equation where dv change in velocity isp specific impulse of engine ve exhaust velocity x reaction mass m rocket mass excluding reaction mass g m s ve isp g dv ve ln m x m ve ln final mass initial mass relativistic rocket equation constant acceleration t unaccelerated c a sinh a t c d c a cosh a t c v c tanh a t c relativistic rocket with exhaust velocity ve and mass ratio mr at c ve c ln mr or t unaccelerated c a sinh ve c ln mr d c a cosh ve c ln mr v c tanh ve c ln mr converting from parallax to distance d in parsecs p in arc seconds d in astronomical units p miscellaneous f ma force is mass times acceleration w fd work energy is force times distance atmospheric density varies as exp mgz kt where z is altitude m is molecular weight in kg of air g is local acceleration of gravity t is temperature k is bolztmann s constant on earth up to km d d exp z e where d is density d is density at km is approximately true so d km ft d d km ft d d km ft d d km ft d atmospheric scale height dry lapse rate in km at emission level k km earth mars venus titan jupiter saturn uranus neptune triton titius bode law for approximating planetary distances r n n astronomical units n infinity for mercury for venus for earth etc this fits fairly well except for neptune constants e j s e planck s constant h e j s e planck s constant pi h bar e j k e boltzmann s constant k e w m k e stephan boltzmann constant sigma e n m kg e newton s gravitational constant g m k e wien s constant sigma w e w e luminosity of sun w m solar constant intensity at au e m e radius of sun km e radius of moon m s e speed of light in vacuum c e m e light year au e light years parsec e m e black hole radius also called schwarzschild radius gm c where g is newton s grav constant m is mass of bh c is speed of light things to add somebody look them up basic rocketry numbers equations aerodynamical stuff energy to put a pound into orbit or accelerate to interstellar velocities non circular cases next faq astronomical mnemonics
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space faq controversial questions archive name space controversy last modified date controversial questions these issues periodically come up with much argument and few facts being offered the summaries below attempt to represent the position on which much of the net community has settled please don t bring them up again unless there s something truly new to be discussed the net can t set public policy that s what your representatives are for what happened to the saturn v plans despite a widespread belief to the contrary the saturn v blueprints have not been lost they are kept at marshall space flight center on microfilm the problem in re creating the saturn v is not finding the drawings it is finding vendors who can supply mid s vintage hardware like guidance system components and the fact that the launch pads and vab have been converted to space shuttle use so you have no place to launch from by the time you redesign to accommodate available hardware and re modify the launch pads you may as well have started from scratch with a clean sheet design why data from space missions isn t immediately available investigators associated with nasa missions are allowed exclusive access for one year after the data is obtained in order to give them an opportunity to analyze the data and publish results without being scooped by people uninvolved in the mission however nasa frequently releases examples in non digital form e g photos to the public early in a mission risks of nuclear rtg power sources for space probes there has been extensive discussion on this topic sparked by attempts to block the galileo and ulysses launches on grounds of the plutonium thermal sources being dangerous numerous studies claim that even in worst case scenarios shuttle explosion during launch or accidental reentry at interplanetary velocities the risks are extremely small two interesting data points are the may loss of two snap b rtgs which landed intact in the pacific ocean after a nimbus b weather satellite failed to reach orbit the fuel was recovered after months with no release of plutonium in april the apollo lunar module reentered the atmosphere and its snap rtg heat source which was jettisoned fell intact into the feet deep tonga trench in the pacific ocean the corrosion resistant materials of the rtg are expected to prevent release of the fuel for a period of time equal to half lives of the pu fuel or about years doe to make your own informed judgement some references you may wish to pursue are a good review of the technical facts and issues is given by daniel salisbury in radiation risk and planetary exploration the rtg controversy planetary report may june pages another good article which also reviews the events preceding galileo s launch showdown at pad b by robert g nichols appeared in the november issue of ad astra both magazines are published by pro space organizations the planetary society and the national space society respectively gordon l chipman jr advanced space nuclear systems aas in developing the space frontier edited by albert naumann and grover alexander univelt p hazards from plutonium toxicity by bernard l cohen health physics vol may page nus corporation safety status report for the ulysses mission risk analysis book document number is nus there is no gpo published jan nasa office of space science and applications final environmental impact statement for the ulysses mission tier no serial number or gpo number but probably available from ntis or nasa june doe u s department of energy transuranic elements in the environment wayne c hanson editor doe document no doe tic government printing office washington d c april impact of the space shuttle on the ozone layer from time to time claims are made that chemicals released from the space shuttle s solid rocket boosters srbs are responsible for a significant amount of damage to the ozone layer studies indicate that they in reality have only a minute impact both in absolute terms and relative to other chemical sources the remainder of this item is a response from the author of the quoted study charles jackman the atmospheric modelling study of the space shuttle effects on the stratosphere involved three independent theoretical groups and was organized by dr michael prather nasa goddard institute for space studies the three groups involved michael prather and maria garcia nasa giss charlie jackman and anne douglass nasa goddard space flight center and malcolm ko and dak sze atmospheric and environmental research inc the effort was to look at the effects of the space shuttle and titan rockets on the stratosphere the following are the estimated sources of stratospheric chlorine industrial sources kilograms year natural sources kilograms year shuttle sources kilograms year the shuttle source assumes space shuttles and titan rockets are launched yearly thus the launches would add less than to the total stratospheric chlorine sources the effect on ozone is minimal global yearly average total ozone would be decreased by this is much less than total ozone variability associated with volcanic activity and solar flares the influence of human made chlorine products on ozone is computed by atmospheric model calculations to be a decrease in globally averaged ozone between and the influence of the space shuttle and titan rockets on the stratosphere is negligible the launch schedule of the space shuttle and titan rockets would need to be increased by over a factor of a hundred in order to have about the same effect on ozone as our increases in industrial halocarbons do at the present time theoretical results of this study have been published in the space shuttle s impact on the stratosphere mj prather mm garcia ar douglass ch jackman m k w ko and n d sze journal of geophysical research charles jackman atmospheric chemistry and dynamics branch code nasa goddard space flight center greenbelt md also see chemical rockets and the environment a mcdonald r bennett j hinshaw and m barnes aerospace america may how long can a human live unprotected in space if you don t try to hold your breath exposure to space for half a minute or so is unlikely to produce permanent injury holding your breath is likely to damage your lungs something scuba divers have to watch out for when ascending and you ll have eardrum trouble if your eustachian tubes are badly plugged up but theory predicts and animal experiments confirm that otherwise exposure to vacuum causes no immediate injury you do not explode your blood does not boil you do not freeze you do not instantly lose consciousness various minor problems sunburn possibly the bends certainly some mild reversible painless swelling of skin and underlying tissue start after ten seconds or so at some point you lose consciousness from lack of oxygen injuries accumulate after perhaps one or two minutes you re dying the limits are not really known references the effect on the chimpanzee of rapid decompression to a near vacuum alfred g koestler ed nasa cr nov experimental animal decompression to a near vacuum environment r w bancroft j e dunn eds report sam tr june usaf school of aerospace medicine brooks afb texas how the challenger astronauts died the challenger shuttle launch was not destroyed in an explosion this is a well documented fact see the rogers commission report for example what looked like an explosion was fuel burning after the external tank came apart the forces on the crew cabin were not sufficient to kill the astronauts never mind destroy their bodies according to the kerwin team s medical forensic report the astronauts were killed when the more or less intact cabin hit the water at circa mph and their bodies then spent several weeks underwater their remains were recovered and after the kerwin team examined them they were sent off to be buried using the shuttle beyond low earth orbit you can t use the shuttle orbiter for missions beyond low earth orbit because it can t get there it is big and heavy and does not carry enough fuel even if you fill part of the cargo bay with tanks furthermore it is not particularly sensible to do so because much of that weight is things like wings which are totally useless except in the immediate vicinity of the earth the shuttle orbiter is highly specialized for travel between earth s surface and low orbit taking it higher is enormously costly and wasteful a much better approach would be to use shuttle subsystems to build a specialized high orbit spacecraft yet another concise answer by henry spencer the face on mars there really is a big rock on mars that looks remarkably like a humanoid face it appears in two different frames of viking orbiter imagery a much more facelike in appearance and the one more often published with the sun degrees above western horizon and a with the sun degrees from the west science writer richard hoagland has championed the idea that the face is artificial intended to resemble a human and erected by an extraterrestrial civilization most other analysts concede that the resemblance is most likely accidental other viking images show a smiley faced crater and a lava flow resembling kermit the frog elsewhere on mars there exists a mars anomalies research society sorry don t know the address to study the face the mars observer mission will carry an extremely high resolution camera and better images of the formation will hopefully settle this question in a few years in the meantime speculation about the face is best carried on in the altnet group alt alien visitors not sci space or sci astro v dipeitro and g molenaar unusual martian surface features mars research p o box glen dale maryland usa by mail r r pozos the face of mars chicago review press account of an interdisciplinary speculative conference hoagland organized to investigate the face r c hoagland the monuments of mars a city on the edge of forever north atlantic books berkeley california usa elaborate discussion of evidence and speculation that formations near the face form a city m j carlotto digital imagery analysis of unusual martian surface features applied optics pp extracts three dimensional model for the face from the d images m j carlotto m c stein a method of searching for artificial objects on planetary surfaces journal of the british interplanetary society vol no may p uses a fractal image analysis model to guess whether the face is artificial b o leary analysis of images of the face on mars and possible intelligent origin jbis vol no may p lights carlotto s model from the two angles and shows it s consistent shows that the face doesn t look facelike if observed from the surface next faq space activist interest research groups space publications
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space faq interest groups publications archive name space groups last modified date space activist interest research groups and space publications groups aia aerospace industry association professional group with primary membership of major aerospace firms headquartered in the dc area acts as the voice of the aerospace industry and it s opinions are usually backed up by reams of analyses and the reputations of the firms in aia address needed aiaa american institute of aeronautics and astronautics professional association with somewhere about members local chapters around the country largest chapters are dc area members la members san francisco members seattle nw houston and orange county plus student chapters not a union but acts to represent aviation and space professionals engineers managers financial types nationwide holds over conferences a year on space and aviation topics publishes technical journals aerospace journal journal of spacecraft and rockets etc technical reference books and is the source on current aerospace state of the art through their published papers and proceedings also offers continuing education classes on aerospace design has over technical committees and over committees for industry standards aiaa acts as a professional society offers a centralized resume jobs function provides classes on job search offers low cost health and life insurance and lobbies for appropriate legislation aiaa was one of the major organizations pushing for iras individual retirement accounts very active public policy arm works directly with the media congress and government agencies as a legislative liaison and clearinghouse for inquiries about aerospace technology technical issues reasonably non partisan in that they represent the industry as a whole and not a single company organization or viewpoint membership yr student memberships are less american institute of aeronautics and astronautics the aerospace center l enfant promenade sw washington dc amsat develops small satellites since the s for a variety of uses by amateur radio enthusiasts has various publications supplies quicktrak satellite tracking software for pc mac amiga etc amateur satellite corporation amsat p o box washington dc asera australian space engineering and research association an australian non profit organisation to coordinate promote and conduct space r d projects in australia involving both australian and international primarily university collaborators activities include the development of sounding rockets small satellites especially microsatellites high altitude research balloons and appropriate payloads provides student projects at all levels and is open to any person or organisation interested in participating publishes a monthly newsletter and a quarterly technical journal membership a dual subscription subscriptions a newsletter only a journal only asera ltd po box ryde nsw australia email lindley syd dit csiro au bis british interplanetary society probably the oldest pro space group bis publishes two excellent journals spaceflight covering current space activities and the journal of the bis containing technical papers on space activities from near term space probes to interstellar missions bis has published a design study for an interstellar probe called daedalus british interplanetary society south lambeth road london sw sz england no dues information available at present isu international space university isu is a non profit international graduate level educational institution dedicated to promoting the peaceful exploration and development of space through multi cultural and multi disciplinary space education and research for further information on isu s summer session program or permanent campus activities please send messages to information isu isunet edu or contact the isu executive offices at international space university massachusetts avenue th floor cambridge ma phone fax l society defunct founded by keith and carolyn henson in to advocate space colonization its major success was in preventing us participation in the un moon treaty in the late s merged with the national space institute in forming the national space society nsc national space club open for general membership but not well known at all primarily comprised of professionals in aerospace industry acts as information conduit and social gathering group active in dc with a chapter in la monthly meetings with invited speakers who are heavy hitters in the field annual outlook on space conference is the definitive source of data on government annual planning for space programs cheap membership approx yr address needed nss the national space society nss is a pro space group distinguished by its network of local chapters supports a general agenda of space development and man in space including the nasa space station publishes ad astra a monthly glossy magazine and runs shuttle launch tours and space hotline telephone services a major sponsor of the annual space development conference associated with spacecause and spacepac political lobbying organizations membership youth senior regular national space society membership department pennsylvania avenue s e washington dc planetary society founded by carl sagan the largest space advocacy group publishes planetary report a monthly glossy and has supported seti hardware development financially agenda is primarily support of space science recently amended to include an international manned mission to mars the planetary society north catalina avenue pasadena ca membership year ssi the space studies institute founded by dr gerard o neill physicist freeman dyson took over the presidency of ssi after o neill s death in publishes ssi update a bimonthly newsletter describing work in progress conducts a research program including mass drivers lunar mining processes and simulants composites from lunar materials solar power satellites runs the biennial princeton conference on space manufacturing membership year senior associates year and up fund most ssi research space studies institute rosedale road po box princeton nj seds students for the exploration and development of space founded in at mit and princeton seds is a chapter based pro space organization at high schools and universities around the world entirely student run each chapter is independent and coordinates its own local activities nationally seds runs a scholarship competition design contests and holds an annual international conference and meeting in late summer students for the exploration and development of space mit room w massachusetts avenue cambridge ma email odyssey athena mit edu dues determined by local chapter spacecause a political lobbying organization and part of the nss family of organizations publishes a bi monthly newsletter spacecause news annual dues is members also receive a discount on the space activist s handbook activities to support pro space legislation include meeting with political leaders and interacting with legislative staff spacecause primarily operates in the legislative process national office west coast office spacecause spacecause pennsylvania ave se ocean park blvd washington d c suite s santa monica ca spacepac a political action committee and part of the nss family of organizations spacepac researches issues policies and candidates each year updates the space activist s handbook current handbook price is while spacepac does not have a membership it does have regional contacts to coordinate local activity spacepac primarily operates in the election process contributing money and volunteers to pro space candidates spacepac pennsylvania ave se washington dc united states space foundation a public non profit organization supported by member donations and dedicated to promoting international education understanding and support of space the group hosts an annual conference for teachers and others interested in education other projects include developing lesson plans that use space to teach other basic skills such as reading publishes spacewatch a monthly b w glossy magazine of ussf events and general space news annual dues charter first year individual teacher college student hs jr high elementary founder life member united states space foundation po box colorado springs co world space foundation has been designing and building a solar sail spacecraft for longer than any similar group many jpl employees lend their talents to this project wsf also provides partial funding for the palomar sky survey an extremely successful search for near earth asteroids publishes foundation news and foundation astronautics notebook each a quarterly page newsletter contributing associate minimum of year but more money always welcome to support projects world space foundation post office box y south pasadena california publications aerospace daily mcgraw hill very good coverage of aerospace and space issues approx yr air space smithsonian bimonthly magazine box boulder co year us year international esa the european space agency publishes a variety of periodicals generally available free of charge a document describing them in more detail is in the ames space archive in pub space faq esapublications final frontier mass market bimonthly magazine history book reviews general interest articles e g the wonders of the solar system everything you always wanted to know about military space programs etc final frontier publishing co po box mt morris il year us canada elsewhere space news weekly magazine covers us civil and military space programs said to have good political and business but spotty technical coverage space news springfield va year may have discounts for nss ssi members journal of the astronautical sciences and space times publications of the american astronautical society no details aas business office rolling mill place suite springfield va gps world semi monthly reports on current and new uses of gps news and analysis of the system and policies affecting it and technical and product issues shaping gps applications gps world willamette st p o box eugene or free to qualified individuals write for free sample copy innovation space technology free published by the nasa office of advanced concepts and technology a revised version of the nasa office of commercial programs newsletter planetary encounter in depth technical coverage of planetary missions with diagrams lists of experiments interviews with people directly involved world spaceflight news in depth technical coverage of near earth spaceflight mostly covers the shuttle payload manifests activity schedules and post mission assessment reports for every mission box sewell nj year us canada year elsewhere space bi monthly magazine british aerospace trade journal very good year space calendar weekly newsletter space daily space fax daily newsletter short paragraph news notes available online for a fee unknown space technology investor commercial space news irregular internet column on aspects of commercial space business free also limited fax and paper edition p o box seal beach ca all the following are published by phillips business information inc montrose road potomac mc aerospace financial news year defense daily very good coverage of space and defense issues year space business news bi weekly very good overview of space business activities year space exploration technology bi weekly year space station news bi weekly year undocumented groups anyone who would care to write up descriptions of the following groups or others not mentioned for inclusion in the answer is encouraged to do so aas american astronautical society other groups not mentioned above next faq how to become an astronaut
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space faq how to become an astronaut archive name space astronaut last modified date how to become an astronaut first the short form authored by henry spencer then an official nasa announcement q how do i become an astronaut a we will assume you mean a nasa astronaut since it s probably impossible for a non russian to get into the cosmonaut corps paying passengers are not professional cosmonauts and the other nations have so few astronauts and fly even fewer that you re better off hoping to win a lottery becoming a shuttle pilot requires lots of fast jet experience which means a military flying career forget that unless you want to do it anyway so you want to become a shuttle mission specialist if you aren t a us citizen become one that is a must after that the crucial thing to remember is that the demand for such jobs vastly exceeds the supply nasa s problem is not finding qualified people but thinning the lineup down to manageable length it is not enough to be qualified you must avoid being dis qualified for any reason many of them in principle quite irrelevant to the job get a ph d specialize in something that involves getting your hands dirty with equipment not just paper and pencil forget computer programming entirely it will be done from the ground for the fore seeable future degree s in one field plus work experience in another seems to be a frequent winner be in good physical condition with good eyesight do not get a radial keratomy or similar hack to improve your vision nobody knows what sudden pressure changes would do to rked eyes and long term effects are poorly understood for that matter avoid any other significant medical unknowns if you can pass a jet pilot physical you should be okay if you can t your chances are poor practise public speaking and be conservative and conformist in appearance and actions you ve got a tough selling job ahead trying to convince a cautious conservative selection committee that you are better than hundreds of other applicants and also that you will be a credit to nasa after you are hired public relations is a significant part of the job and nasa s image is very prim and proper the image you want is squeaky clean workaholic yuppie remember also that you will need a security clearance at some point and security considers everybody guilty until proven innocent keep your nose clean get a pilot s license and make flying your number one hobby experienced pilots are known to be favored even for non pilot jobs work for nasa of astronauts selected between and were military or nasa employees and the remaining two were a nasa consultant and mae jemison the first black female astronaut if you apply from outside nasa and miss but they offer you a job at nasa take it sometimes in the past this has meant you do look interesting but we want to know you a bit better first think space they want highly motivated people so lose no chance to demonstrate motivation keep trying many astronauts didn t make it the first time nasa national aeronautics and space administration lyndon b johnson space center houston texas announcement for mission specialist and pilot astronaut candidates astronaut candidate program the national aeronautics and space administration nasa has a need for pilot astronaut candidates and mission specialist astronaut candidates to support the space shuttle program nasa is now accepting on a continuous basis and plans to select astronaut candidates as needed persons from both the civilian sector and the military services will be considered all positions are located at the lyndon b johnson space center in houston texas and will involved a year training and evaluation program space shuttle program description the numerous successful flights of the space shuttle have demonstrated that operation and experimental investigations in space are becoming routine the space shuttle orbiter is launched into and maneuvers in the earth orbit performing missions lastling up to days it then returns to earth and is ready for another flight with payloads and flight crew the orbiter performs a variety of orbital missions including deployment and retrieval of satellites service of existing satellites operation of specialized laboratories astronomy earth sciences materials processing manufacturing and other operations these missions will eventually include the development and servicing of a permanent space station the orbiter also provides a staging capability for using higher orbits than can be achieved by the orbiter itself users of the space shuttle s capabilities are both domestic and foreign and include government agencies and private industries the crew normally consists of five people the commander the pilot and three mission specialists on occasion additional crew members are assigned the commander pilot and mission specialists are nasa astronauts pilot astronaut pilot astronauts server as both space shuttle commanders and pilots during flight the commander has onboard responsibility for the vehicle crew mission success and safety in flight the pilot assists the commander in controlling and operating the vehicle in addition the pilot may assist in the deployment and retrieval of satellites utilizing the remote manipulator system in extra vehicular activities and other payload operations mission specialist astronaut mission specialist astronauts working with the commander and pilot have overall responsibility for the coordination of shuttle operations in the areas of crew activity planning consumables usage and experiment and payload operations mission specialists are required to have a detailed knowledge of shuttle systems as well as detailed knowledge of the operational characteristics mission requirements and objectives and supporting systems and equipment for each of the experiments to be conducted on their assigned missions mission specialists will perform extra vehicular activities payload handling using the remote manipulator system and perform or assist in specific experimental operations astronaut candidate program basic qualification requirements applicants must meet the following minimum requirements prior to submitting an application mission specialist astronaut candidate bachelor s degree from an accredited institution in engineering biological science physical science or mathematics degree must be followed by at least three years of related progressively responsible professional experience an advanced degree is desirable and may be substituted for part or all of the experience requirement master s degree year doctoral degree years quality of academic preparation is important ability to pass a nasa class ii space physical which is similar to a civilian or military class ii flight physical and includes the following specific standards distant visual acuity or better uncorrected correctable to each eye blood pressure measured in sitting position height between and inches pilot astronaut candidate bachelor s degree from an accredited institution in engineering biological science physical science or mathematics degree must be followed by at least three years of related progressively responsible professional experience an advanced degree is desirable quality of academic preparation is important at least hours pilot in command time in jet aircraft flight test experience highly desirable ability to pass a nasa class i space physical which is similar to a military or civilian class i flight physical and includes the following specific standards distant visual acuity or better uncorrected correctable to each eye blood pressure measured in sitting position height between and inches citizenship requirements applications for the astronaut candidate program must be citizens of the united states note on academic requirements applicants for the astronaut candidate program must meet the basic education requirements for nasa engineering and scientific positions specifically successful completion of standard professional curriculum in an accredited college or university leading to at least a bachelor s degree with major study in an appropriate field of engineering biological science physical science or mathematics the following degree fields while related to engineering and the sciences are not considered qualifying degrees in technology engineering technology aviation technology medical technology etc degrees in psychology except for clinical psychology physiological psychology or experimental psychology which are qualifying degrees in nursing degrees in social sciences geography anthropology archaeology etc degrees in aviation aviation management or similar fields application procedures civilian the application package may be obtained by writing to nasa johnson space center astronaut selection office attn ahx houston tx civilian applications will be accepted on a continuous basis when nasa decides to select additional astronaut candidates consideration will be given only to those applications on hand on the date of decision is made applications received after that date will be retained and considered for the next selection applicants will be notified annually of the opportunity to update their applications and to indicate continued interest in being considered for the program those applicants who do not update their applications annually will be dropped from consideration and their applications will not be retained after the preliminary screening of applications additional information may be requested for some applicants and person listed on the application as supervisors and references may be contacted active duty military active duty military personnel must submit applications to their respective military service and not directly to nasa application procedures will be disseminated by each service selection personal interviews and thorough medical evaluations will be required for both civilian and military applicants under final consideration once final selections have been made all applicants who were considered will be notified of the outcome of the process selection rosters established through this process may be used for the selection of additional candidates during a one year period following their establishment general program requirements selected applicants will be designated astronaut candidates and will be assigned to the astronaut office at the johnson space center houston texas the astronaut candidates will undergo a year training and evaluation period during which time they will be assigned technical or scientific responsibilities allowing them to contribute substantially to ongoing programs they will also participate in the basic astronaut training program which is designed to develop the knowledge and skills required for formal mission training upon selection for a flight pilot astronaut candidates will maintain proficiency in nasa aircraft during their candidate period applicants should be aware that selection as an astronaut candidate does not insure selection as an astronaut final selection as an astronaut will depend on satisfactory completion of the year training and evaluation period civilian candidates who successfully complete the training and evaluation and are selected as astronauts will become permanent federal employees and will be expected to remain with nasa for a period of at least five years civilian candidates who are not selected as astronauts may be placed in other positions within nasa depending upon agency requirements and manpower constraints at that time successful military candidates will be detailed to nasa for a specified tour of duty nasa has an affirmative action program goal of having qualified minorities and women among those qualified as astronaut candidates therefore qualified minorities and women are encouraged to apply pay and benefits civilians salaries for civilian astronaut candidates are based on the federal governments general schedule pay scales for grades gs through gs and are set in accordance with each individuals academic achievements and experience other benefits include vacation and sick leave a retirement plan and participation in group health and life insurance plans military selected military personnel will be detailed to the johnson space center but will remain in an active duty status for pay benefits leave and other similar military matters next faq orbital and planetary launch services
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diffs to sci space sci astro frequently asked questions archive name space diff diffs since last faq posting in posting order these are hand edited context diffs do not attempt to use them to patch old copies of the faq diff t c r faq intro tmp rcst a thu apr faq intro thu apr nasa langley technical reports nasa spacelink national space science data center space and planetary image facility space telescope science institute electronic info service starcat astronomical databases llnl great exploration lunar prospector lunar science and activities orbiting earth satellite histories spacecraft models rocket propulsion spacecraft design diff t c r faq net tmp rcst a thu apr faq net thu apr elements are sent out on the list from dr kelso jsc and other sources as they are released email to elements request telesoft com to join gps digest is a moderated list for discussion of the global positioning system and other satellite navigation positioning systems email to gps request esseye si com to join space investors is a list for information relevant to investing in space related companies email vincent cate vac cs cmu edu to join if in fact you should should learn of unauthorized access contact nasa personnel claims have been made on this news group about fraud and waste none have ever been substantiated to any significant degree readers detecting fraud waste abuse or mismanagement should contact the nasa inspector general hours at can be anonymous or write nasa inspector general p o box l enfant plaza station washington dc next faq online and some offline sources of images data etc diff t c r faq data tmp rcst a thu apr faq data thu apr telephone email address request nssdca gsfc nasa gov space and planetary image facility available hours a day via anonymous ftp from pioneer unm edu has approximately cd rom s full of imagery raw and tabular data to start get the file pioneer unm edu pub info beginner info this will hopefully give you all of the information you need to get data from their machine beginner info has been translated to other languages you should look inside pub info for the particular language that meets your needs contact help pioneer unm edu space telescope science institute electronic information service diff t c r faq math tmp rcst a thu apr faq math thu apr gives series to compute positions accurate to arc minute for a period or years from now pluto is included but stated to have an accuracy of only about arc minutes multiyear interactive computer almanac mica produced by the us naval observatory valid for years outside us available for ibm order pb hdv or macintosh order pb hdv from the ntis sales desk i believe this is intended to replace the usno s interactive computer ephemeris interactive computer ephemeris from the us naval observatory distributed on ibm pc floppy disks willmann bell covers dates diff t c r faq references tmp rcst a thu apr faq references thu apr us naval observatory usno bulletin board via modem general nautical almanac office info on the interactive computer ephemeris willmann bell p o box sdi s ssrt single stage rocket technology project has funded a suborbital technology demonstrator called dc x that should fly in mid further development towards an operational single stage to orbit vehicle is uncertain at present for considerably more detail on the ssrt program get the document ames arc nasa gov pub space faq deltaclipper by anonymous ftp or through the email server how to name a star after a person official names are decided by committees of the international sdi s ssrt single stage rocket technology project has funded a suborbital technology demonstrator called dc x that should fly in mid further development towards an operational single stage to orbit vehicle called delta clipper is uncertain at present an collection of pictures and files relating to dc x is available by anonymous ftp or email server in the directory bongo cc utexas edu pub delta clipper chris w johnson chrisj emx cc utexas edu maintains the archive how to name a star after a person official names are decided by committees of the international university press information about the lunar orbiter missions including maps of the coverage of the lunar nearside and farside by various orbiters orbiting earth satellite histories a list of earth orbiting satellites that are still in orbit is available by anonymous ftp in ames arc nasa gov pub space faq satellites spacecraft models diff t c r faq addresses tmp rcst a thu apr faq addresses thu apr the latter an sf is useless employees are caltech employees contractors and for the most part have similar responsibilities they offer an alternative to funding after other nasa centers a fact sheet and description of jpl is available by anonymous ftp in ames arc nasa gov pub space faq jpldescription nasa johnson manned space center jsc houston tx diff t c r faq new probes tmp rcst a thu apr faq new probes thu apr team isas nasda launch schedules press kits asuka astro d isas japan x ray astronomy satellite launched into earth orbit on equipped with large area wide wavelength angstrom x ray telescope x ray ccd cameras and imaging gas scintillation proportional counters cassini saturn orbiter and titan atmosphere probe cassini is a joint nasa esa project designed to accomplish an exploration of the saturnian system with its cassini saturn orbiter and huygens titan probe cassini magellan venus radar mapping mission has mapped almost the entire surface at high resolution currently in mapping cycle collecting a global gravity map mars observer mars orbiter including m pixel resolution camera launched on a titan iii tos booster mo is currently in transit to mars arriving on operations will start for one martian year days topex poseidon joint us french earth observing satellite launched in august on an ariane booster the primary objective of the topex poseidon project is to make precise and accurate global observations of the sea level for several years substantially increasing understanding of global ocean dynamics the satellite also magellan venus radar mapping mission has mapped almost the entire surface at high resolution currently collecting a global gravity map mars observer mars orbiter including m pixel resolution camera launched on a titan iii tos booster mo is currently in transit to mars arriving on operations will start for one martian year days topex poseidon joint us french earth observing satellite launched on an ariane booster the primary objective of the topex poseidon project is to make precise and accurate global observations of the sea level for several years substantially increasing understanding of global ocean dynamics the satellite also diff t c r faq astronaut tmp rcst a thu apr faq astronaut thu apr specific standards distant visual acuity or better uncorrected correctable to each eye blood pressure measured in sitting position height between and inches pilot astronaut candidate specific standards distant visual acuity or better uncorrected correctable to each eye blood pressure measured in sitting position height between and inches pilot astronaut candidate
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space faq introduction archive name space intro last modified date frequently asked questions on sci space sci astro introduction this series of linked messages is periodically posted to the usenet groups sci space and sci astro in an attempt to provide good answers to frequently asked questions and other reference material which is worth preserving if you have corrections or answers to other frequently asked questions that you would like included in this posting send email to leech cs unc edu jon leech if you don t want to see the faq add frequently asked questions to your kill file for this group if you re not reading this with a newsreader that can kill articles by subject you re out of luck the faq volume is excessive right now and will hopefully be trimmed down by rewriting and condensing over time the faq postings are available in the ames space archive in faq faq good summaries will be accepted in place of the answers given here the point of this is to circulate existing information and avoid rehashing old answers better to build on top than start again nothing more depressing than rehashing old topics for the th time references are provided because they give more complete information than any short generalization questions fall into three basic types where do i find some information about space try your local public library first the net is not a good place to ask for general information ask individuals by email if you must there are other sources use them too the net is a place for open ended discussion i have an idea which would improve space flight hope you aren t surprised but out of have usually been thought of before again contact a direct individual source for evaluation nasa fields thousands of these each day miscellanous queries these are addressed on a case by case basis in the following series of faq postings suggestions for better netiquette read news announce newusers if you re on usenet minimize cross references do you really need to edit subject lines especially if you re taking a tangent send mail instead avoid posting follow ups mail message worth posts internet mail readers send requests to add drop to space request not space read all available articles before posting a follow up check all references cut down attributed articles leave only the points you re responding to remove signatures and headers summarize put a return address in the body signature of your message mail or article state your institution etc don t assume the reply function of mailers will work use absolute dates post in a timely way don t post what everyone will get on tv anyway some editors and window systems do character count line wrapping keep lines under characters for those using ascii terminals use carriage returns index to linked postings i ve attempted to break the postings up into related areas there isn t a keyword index yet the following lists the major subject areas in each posting only those containing astronomy related material are posted to sci astro indicated by following the posting number contents introduction suggestions for better netiquette index to linked postings notes on addresses phone numbers etc contributors network resources overview mailing lists periodically updated information warning about non public networks online and some offline sources of images data etc introduction viewing images online archives nasa ames nasa astrophysics data system nasa jet propulsion lab mission information and images nasa langley technical reports nasa spacelink national space science data center space telescope science institute electronic info service starcat astronomical databases astronomy programs orbital element sets space digest landsat nasa photos planetary maps cometary orbits performing calculations and interpreting data formats computing spacecraft orbits and trajectories computing planetary positions computing crater diameters from earth impacting asteroids map projections and spherical trignometry performing n body simulations efficiently interpreting the fits image format sky unix ephemeris program three dimensional star galaxy coordinates references on specific areas publishers of space astronomy material careers in the space industry dc x single stage to orbit ssto program how to name a star after a person llnl great exploration lunar prospector lunar science and activities orbiting earth satellite histories spacecraft models rocket propulsion spacecraft design esoteric propulsion schemes solar sails lasers fusion spy satellites space shuttle computer systems seti computation signal processing amateur satellies weather satellites tides constants and equations for calculations astronomical mnemonics contacting nasa esa and other space agencies companies nasa centers arianespace esa nasda soyuzkarta space camp space commerce corporation spacehab spot image other commercial space businesses space shuttle answers launch schedules tv coverage shuttle launchings and landings schedules and how to see them why does the shuttle roll just after liftoff how to receive the nasa tv channel nasa select amateur radio frequencies for shuttle missions solid rocket booster fuel composition planetary probes historical missions us planetary missions mariner venus mars mercury flybys and orbiters pioneer moon sun venus jupiter and saturn flybys and orbiters ranger lunar lander and impact missions lunar orbiter lunar surface photography surveyor lunar soft landers viking mars orbiters and landers voyager outer planet flybys soviet planetary missions soviet lunar probes soviet venus probes soviet mars probes japanese planetary missions planetary mission references upcoming planetary probes missions and schedules cassini galileo magellan mars observer topex poseidon ulysses other space science missions proposed missions controversial questions what happened to the saturn v plans why data from space missions isn t immediately available risks of nuclear rtg power sources for space probes impact of the space shuttle on the ozone layer how long can a human live unprotected in space how the challenger astronauts died using the shuttle beyond low earth orbit the face on mars space activist interest research groups and space publications groups publications undocumented groups how to become an astronaut orbital and planetary launch services notes on addresses phone numbers etc unless otherwise specified telephone numbers addresses and so on are for the united states of america non us readers should remember to add the country code for telephone calls etc credits eugene miya started a series of linked faq postings some years ago which inspired and was largely absorbed into this set peter yee and ron baalke have and continue to spend a lot of their own time setting up the space archives at nasa ames and forwarding official nasa announcements many other people have contributed material to this list in the form of old postings to sci space and sci astro which i ve edited please let me know if corrections need to be made contributors i ve managed to keep track of are mcimail com francis reddy map projections ad yfn ysu edu steven fisk publication refs akerman bill phy queensu ca richard akerman crater diameters alweigel athena mit edu lisa weigel seds info aoab emx utexas edu srinivas bettadpur tides awpaeth watcgl waterloo edu alan wm paeth map projections aws iti org allen w sherzer great exploration baalke kelvin jpl nasa gov ron baalke planetary probe schedules bankst rata vuw ac nz timothy banks map projections variable star analysis archive bern uni trier de jochen bern german mnemonic translation brosen pioneer arc nasa gov bernie rosen space camp bschlesinger nssdca gsfc nasa gov barry schlesinger fits format cew venera isi edu craig e ward space group contact info chapin cbnewsc att com tom chapin planetary positions cunnida tenet edu d alan cunningham nasa spacelink cyamamot kilroy jpl nasa gov cliff yamamoto orbital elements datri convex com anthony datri pds vicar viewing software daver sjc mentorg com dave rickel orbit formulae dlbres pc usl edu phil fraering propulsion eder hsvaic boeing com dani eder saturn v plans srbs eugene eos arc nasa gov eugene n miya introduction nasa contact info started faq postings french isu isunet edu patrick m french space group contact info g telesoft com gary morris amateur radio info gaetz cfa harvard edu terry gaetz n body calculations orbital dynamics grandi noao edu steve grandi planetary positions greer utd dnet utadnx utspan span nasa gov dale m greer constants henry zoo toronto edu henry spencer survival in vacuum astronaut how to challenger disaster publication refs dc x higgins fnal bitnet william higgins rtgs publishers shuttle landings spysats propulsion face on mars hmueller cssun tamu edu hal mueller map projections orbital dynamics jbh uxa cso uiuc edu josh hopkins launch services jim pnet cts com jim bowery propulsion launch services jnhead pirl lpl arizona edu james n head atmospheric scale heights jscotti lpl arizona edu jim scotti planetary positions kcarroll zoo toronto edu kieran a carroll refs for spacecraft design ken orion bitnet kenneth ng rtgs kjenks gothamcity jsc nasa gov ken jenks shuttle roll manuever klaes verga enet dec com larry klaes planetary probe history leech cs unc edu jon leech crater diameters lfa ssi com lou adornato orbital dynamics maury markowitz egsgate fidonet org maury markowitz propulsion max west darkside com erik max francis equations mbellon mcdurb urbana gould com n body calculations mcconley phoenix princeton edu marc wayne mcconley space careers msb sq com mark brader mariner info mwm cmu edu mark maimone space digest nickw syma sussex ac uk dr nick watkins models spysats ohainaut eso org olivier r hainaut publishers starcat oneil aio jsc nasa gov graham o neil lunar prospector panama cup portal com kenneth w durham cometary orbits iau paul blase nss fidonet org paul blase propulsion pjs plato jpl nasa gov peter scott rtgs pschleck unomaha edu paul w schleck amsat arrl contact info rdb mel cocam oz au rodney brown propulsion refs rja m phil cs virginia edu ran atkinson ftpable astro programs rjungcla ihlpb att com r michael jungclas models roelle sigi jhuapl edu curt roelle german mnemonic translation seal leonardo jpl nasa gov david seal cassini mission schedule shafer skipper dfrf nasa gov mary shafer photos shuttle landings smith sndpit enet dec com willie smith photos stephen gpwd gp co nz stephen dixon shuttle audio frequencies sterner warper jhuapl edu ray sterner planetary positions stooke vaxr sscl uwo ca phil stooke planetary maps ted anderson transarc com ted anderson propulsion terry astro as utexas edu terry hancock nasa center info thorson typhoon atmos colostate edu bill thorson fits info tm b andrew cmu edu todd l masco space digest tom ssd csd harris com tom horsley refs for algorithms veikko makela helsinki fi veikko makela orbital element sets wales larrison ofa fidonet org wales larrison groups publications wayne csri utoronto ca wayne hayes constants weemba libra wistar upenn edu matthew p wiener voyager history yamada yscvax ysc go jp yoshiro yamada isas nasda missions yee ames arc nasa gov peter yee ames archive server propulsion in net memoriam ted flinn next faq network resources
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space faq network resources archive name space net last modified date network resources overview you may be reading this document on any one of an amazing variety of computers so much of the material below may not apply to you in general however systems connected to the net fall in one of three categories internet usenet or bitnet electronic mail may be sent between these networks and other resources available on one of these networks are sometimes accessible from other networks by email sent to special servers the space and astronomy discussion groups actually are composed of several mechanisms with mostly transparent connections between them one mechanism is the mailing list in which mail is sent to a central distribution point which relays it to all recipients of the list in addition to the general lists for space called space digest for internet users and space on bitnet there are a number of more specialized mailing lists described below a second mechanism is usenet netnews this is somewhat like a bulletin board operating on each system which is a part of the net netnews separates contributions into hundreds of different categories based on a group name the groups dealing most closely with space topics are called sci space news sci space sci space shuttle sci astro and talk politics space contributors post submissions called articles in netnews terminology on their local machine which sends it to other nearby machines similarly articles sent from nearby machines are stored locally and may be forwarded to other systems so that an article is posted locally and eventually reaches all the usenet sites interested in receiving the news group to which the article was posted gateway machines redirect the usenet sci space group into internet and bitnet mailing lists and vice versa the other usenet groups are not accessible as mailing lists if you can receive netnews its more flexible interface and access to a wider range of material usually make it the preferred option mailing lists space digest is the main internet list and is now being run by the international space university in only its second change of management in over a decade email space request isu isunet edu message body should be in the format subscribe space john public to join note that the moderated space magazine list is defunct at present for lack of a moderator old copies of space digest since its inception in are available by anonymous ftp retrieve julius cs qub ac uk pub spacedigestarchive readme for further details elements is a moderated list for fast distribution of space shuttle keplerian elements before and during shuttle flights nasa two line elements are sent out on the list from dr kelso jsc and other sources as they are released email to elements request telesoft com to join gps digest is a moderated list for discussion of the global positioning system and other satellite navigation positioning systems email to gps request esseye si com to join space investors is a list for information relevant to investing in space related companies email vincent cate vac cs cmu edu to join space tech is a list for more technical discussion of space topics discussion has included esoteric propulsion technologies asteroid capture starflight orbital debris removal etc email to space tech request cs cmu edu to join archives of old digests and selected excerpts are available by anonymous ftp from gs sp cs cmu edu in usr anon public space tech or by email to space tech request if you don t have ftp access seds l is a bitnet list for members of students for the exploration and development of space and other interested parties email listserv tamvm bitnet with a message saying subscribe seds l your name email saying index seds l to list the archive contents sedsnews is a bitnet list for news items press releases shuttle status reports and the like this duplicates material which is also found in space digest sci space sci space shuttle and sci astro email listserv tamvm bitnet saying subscribe sedsnews your name to join email saying index sedsnews to list the archive contents ron baalke baalke kelvin jpl nasa gov runs a mailing list which carries the contents of the sci space news usenet group email him to join the list as a general note please mail to the request address to get off a mailing list space digest for example relays many inappropriate please remove me from this list messages which are sent to the list address rather than the request address periodically updated information in addition to this faq list a broad variety of topical information is posted to the net unless otherwise noted in the new group sci space news created for this purpose please remember that the individuals posting this information are performing a service for all net readers and don t take up their time with frivolous requests acronyms garrett wollman wollman uvm edu posts an acronym list around the first of each month astro ftp list veikko makela veikko makela helsinki fi posts a monthly list of anonymous ftp servers containing astronomy and space related material to sci space and sci astro aviation week henry spencer henry zoo toronto edu posts summaries of space related stories in the weekly aviation week and space technology buying telescopes ronnie kon ronnie cisco com posts a guide to buying telescopes to sci astro electronic journal of the asa don barry don chara gsu edu posts the monthly electronic journal of the astronomical society of the atlantic to sci astro flight international swaraj jeyasingh sjeyasin axion bt co uk posts summaries of space related news from flight international this focuses more on non us space activities than aviation week large astronomical projects robert bunge rbunge access digex com posts a list describing many large telescope projects either being considered or in the works to sci astro nasa headline news shuttle reports peter yee yee ames arc nasa gov posts a variety of nasa material including nasa headline news with the schedule for nasa select shuttle payload briefings and flight manifests and ksc shuttle status reports for usenet users much of this material appears in the group sci space shuttle nasa updates ron baalke baalke kelvin jpl nasa gov posts frequent updates from jpl ames and other centers on the ulysses gailileo pioneer magellan landsat and other missions orbital element sets ts kelso tkelso blackbird afit af mil posts orbital elements from nasa prediction bulletins mike rose mrose stsci edu posts orbital elements for the hubble space telescope to sci astro jost jahn j jahn abbs hanse de posts ephemerides for asteroids comets conjunctions and encounters to sci astro satellite launches richard langley lang unb ca posts spacewarn bulletin which describes recent launch orbital decay information and satellites which are useful for scientific activities recent bulletins are available by anonymous ftp from nssdca gsfc nasa gov in anon dir active spx shuttle manifest ken hollis gandalf pro electric cts com posts a compressed version of the space shuttle launch manifest to sci space shuttle this includes dates times payloads and information on how to see launches and landings solar activity cary oler oler hg uleth ca posts solar terrestrial reports describing solar activity and its effect on the earth to sci space the report is issued in part from data released by the space enviroment services center boulder colorado the intro document needed to understand these reports is available by anonymous ftp from solar stanford edu in pub understanding solar terrestrial reports nic funet fi also has this document in pub misc rec radio shortwave solarreports and is an archive site for the reports please note this site is in europe and the connection to the us is only kb a new primary archive site xi uleth ca has recently been established and will be actively supported soviet space activities glenn chapman glennc cs sfu ca posts summaries of soviet space activities space activist newsletter allen sherzer aws iti org posts a newsletter one small step for a space activist to talk politics space it describes current legislative activity affecting nasa and commercial space activities space events calendar ron baalke baalke kelvin jpl nasa gov posts a calendar including anniversaries conferences launch dates meteor showers and eclipses and other space related events space news john magliacane kd bd ka qhd uucp posts spacenews covering amsats noaa and other weather satellites and other ham information to rec radio amateur misc and sci space space report jonathan mcdowell mcdowell cfa harvard edu posts jonathan s space report covering launches landings reentries status reports satellite activities etc toward bev freed freed nss fidonet org posts toward a weekly global news summary reprinted from space calendar magazine warning about non public networks included at the suggestion of eugene miya who wrote the item nasa has an internal system of unclassified electronic mail and bulletin boards this system is not open for public use specifically nasa personnel and procurement operations are regarded with some sensitivity contractors must renegotiate their contracts the fair and open procurement act does not look kindly to those having inside information contractors and outsiders caught using this type of information can expect severe penalities unauthorized access attempts may subject you to a fine and or imprisonment in accordance with title usc section if in fact you should should learn of unauthorized access contact nasa personnel claims have been made on this news group about fraud and waste none have ever been substantiated to any significant degree readers detecting fraud waste abuse or mismanagement should contact the nasa inspector general hours at can be anonymous or write nasa inspector general p o box l enfant plaza station washington dc next faq online and some offline sources of images data etc
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space faq data sources archive name space data last modified date online and other sources of images data etc introduction a wide variety of images data catalogs information releases and other material dealing with space and astronomy may be found on the net a few sites offer direct dialup access or remote login access while the remainder support some form of file transfer many sites are listed as providing anonymous ftp this refers to the file transfer protocol on the internet sites not connected to the internet cannot use ftp directly but there are a few automated ftp servers which operates via email send mail containing only the word help to ftpmail decwrl dec com or bitftp pucc princeton edu and the servers will send you instructions on how to make requests the sources with the broadest selection of material are the nasa ames space archive and the national space science data center don t even ask for images to be posted to the net the data volume is huge and nobody wants to spend the time on it viewing images the possible combinations of image formats and machines is forebodingly large and i won t attempt to cover common formats gif etc here to read pds and vicar and many other formats on unix systems running x use xv available by anonymous ftp from export lcs mit edu in contrib xv tar z and the other standard x ftp sites the faq for the usenet group alt binaries pictures discusses image formats and how to get image viewing software a copy of this document is available by anonymous ftp from the usenet faq archives at pit manager mit edu in directory pub usenet alt binaries pictures online archives nasa ames extensive archives are maintained at nasa ames and are available via anonymous ftp or an email server these archives include many images and a wide variety of documents including this faq list nasa press releases shuttle launch advisories and mission status reports please note that these are not maintained on an official basis ftp users should connect to ames arc nasa gov and look in pub space pub space index contains a listing of files available in the archive the index is about k by itself to access the archives by email send a letter to archive server ames arc nasa gov or ames archive server in the subject of your letter or in the body use commands like send space index send space shuttle ss the capitalization of the subdirectory names is important all are in caps only text files are handled by the email server at present use one of the ftp email servers described in the introduction to this section for images or programs the magellan venus and voyager jupiter saturn and uranus cd rom image disks have been put online in the cdrom and cdrom directories the disks will be rotated on a weekly basis thousands of images are available in these collections the gif directory contains images in gif format the vicar directory contains magellan images in vicar format these are also available in the gif directory a pc program capable of displaying these files is found in the imdisp directory see the item viewing images below the nasa media guide describes the various nasa centers and how to contact their public affairs officers this may be useful when pursuing specific information it s in misc media guide any problems with the archive server should be reported to peter yee yee ames arc nasa gov nasa astrophysics data system the ads is a distributed data retrieval system which is easy to use and provides uniform access to ground based and space based astronomy data from nasa data centers across the country it currently has over data catalogs of radio infrared optical uv and x ray data which can be queried by position or any other parameter in the catalog the ads also provides tools to manipulate and plot tabular results in addition ads has a beta version of an abstracts service which allows users to query over abstracts of astronomy papers since by authors keywords title words or abstract text words ads use requires direct internet access for more info and to sign up to become a user email ads cuads coloradu edu the user s guide and quickstart guide are available by anonymous ftp to sao ftp harvard edu in directory pub ads ads user guide postscript files contact carolyn stern grant stern cfa harvard edu nasa jet propulsion lab mission information and images pubinfo jpl nasa gov is an anonymous ftp site operated by the jpl public information office containing news releases status reports fact sheets images and other data on jpl missions it may also be reached by modem at no parity data bits stop bit contact newsdesk jplpost jpl nasa gov or phone nasa langley technical reports techreports larc nasa gov is an anonymous ftp site offering technical reports to get started cd to directory pub techreports larc and retrieve files readme and abstracts most files are compressed postscript the reports are also in a wais database with the following description source version ip name techreports larc nasa gov tcp port database name nasa larc abs cost cost unit free maintainer m l nelson larc nasa gov description nasa langley research center technical reports contact tr admin techreports larc nasa gov nasa spacelink spacelink is an online service located at marshall space flight center in huntsville alabama the system is specifically designed for teachers the data base is arranged to provide easy access to current and historical information on nasa aeronautics space research and technology transfer information also included are suggested classroom activities that incorporate information on nasa projects to teach a number of scientific principles unlike bulletin board systems nasa spacelink does not provide for interaction between callers however it does allow teachers and other callers to leave questions and comments for nasa which may be answered by regular mail messages are answered electronically even to acknowledge requests which will be fulfilled by mail messages are generally handled the next working day except during missions when turnaround times increase the mail system is closed loop between the user and nasa spacelink also offers downloadable shareware and public domain programs useful for science educators as well as space graphics and gif images from nasa s planetary probes and the hubble telescope you can dial in at v baud bits no parity stop bit or telnet to spacelink msfc nasa gov also known as xsl msfc nasa gov if you re on the internet anonymous ftp capability password guest is now available most of this information is also available from the ames server in directory spacelink national space science data center nssdc the national space science data center is the official clearinghouse for nasa data the data catalog not the data itself is available online internet users can telnet to nssdca gsfc nasa gov and log in as nodis no password you can also get the catalog by sending email to request nssdc gsfc nasa gov you can also dial in at or baud bits no parity one stop at the enter number prompt enter md and carriage return when the system responds call complete enter a few more carriage returns to get the username and log in as nodis no password the system is menu driven topics available as of are master directory nasa global change personnel information management system nimbus grid toms data interplanetary medium data omni request data and or information from nssdc geophysical models canopus newsletter international ultraviolet explorer data request czcs browse and order utility astronomical data center adc step bulletin board service standards and technology information system planetary science magellan project information other online data services at nssdc cd roms available at nssdc for users with internet access datasets are made available via anonymous ftp once you select the desired datasets from the online catalog for other users data may be ordered on cd rom and in other formats among the many types of data available are voyager magellan and other planetary images earth observation data and star catalogs viewers for macintosh and ibm systems are also available as an example of the cost an cd set of voyager images is data may ordered online by email or by physical mail the postal address is national space science data center request coordination office goddard space flight center code greenbelt md telephone email address request nssdca gsfc nasa gov space telescope science institute electronic information service stsci edu has a large amount of information about the hubble space telescope available by anonymous ftp such as status reports and newsletters in addition to material oriented towards hst observers and proposers get the top level readme file to begin with contact pete reppert reppert stsci edu or chris o dea odea stsci edu starcat the space telescope european coordination facility at eso garching provides on line access to a huge astronomical database featuring observation log files of several satellites telescopes iue iras hst ntt spectra and images iue hst most of the astronomical catalogues sao hr ngc ppm iras veron gsc and many others more than in a very convenient way give center radius kind of objects and you get the corresponding files log on as starcat no password on node stesis hq eso org or on stesis decnet the files created can be retreived by ftp contact benoit pirenne bpirenne eso org phone at st ecf astronomical databases the full sao stellar database is not available online probably due to the mb size it may be ordered on magnetic tape from the nssdc a subset containing position and magnitude only is available by ftp see astronomy programs below nic funet fi has a large collection of astronomical programs for many types of computers databases of stars and deep sky objects and general astronomy information in directory pub astro this site is mainly for european users but overseas connections are possible the ames archives contain a database of galaxies including name ra declination magnitude and radial velocity in misc galaxy dat supplied by wayne hayes wayne csri utoronto ca iris ucis dal ca has a number of gifs from voyager hubble and other sources available by anonymous ftp in pub gif most of this data is also in space gif on the ames server please restrict access to pm am atlantic time pomona claremont edu has the yale bright star catalog for anonymous ftp in directory yale bsc contact james dishaw jdishaw hmcvax claremont edu the hubble guide star catalog is available on cd rom for the mac and pc for us catalog st astronomical society of the pacific ashton ave san francisco ca phone am pm pacific time fax for german and possibly other european readers jost jahn has a service to distribute astronomical data to interested amateurs at cost about catalogs are available for dm disk several floppy disk formats are available because of the expense of receiving email on his system he asks that you contact him by physical mail jost jahn neustaedter strasse w bodenteich germany phone frg astronomy programs various astronomy related programs and databases posted to the net in the past are archived for anonymous ftp at multiple sites including ftp uu net also see the astro ftp list posted to sci astro monthly which is more complete than this list astonomical space related sources of interest in comp sources unix volume phoon moon phase and date routines volume starchart starchart program yale star data volume moontool shows moon phase picture on suns volume sao reduced sao catalog astonomical space related sources of interest in comp sources misc volume moon another moon phase program volume starchart starchart program version volume n emo orbit orbit track earth satellites volume starchart starchart program update to version volume jupmoons plotter for jupiter s major moons in perl volume lunisolar lunisolar not sure what this does volume ephem astronomical ephemeris v volume n emo orbit patch to orbit volume planet planet generation simulator elwood downey e downey tasha cca cr rockwell com the author of ephem has offered to mail copies to people who can t find it on one of the archives xsat an x window system based satellite tracking program is available by anonymous ftp from export lcs mit edu in contrib xsat tar z contact dave curry davy ecn purdue edu for more information xsky a computerized sky atlas for the x window system is available for anonymous ftp on arizona edu in the directory software unix xsky as xsky tarz contact terry r friedrichsen terry venus sunquest com for more information the variable stars analysis software archive is available via anonymous ftp from kauri vuw ac nz in directory pub astrophys this is intended for specialists in this field and they would appreciate people from outside new zealand confining their ftp access to the astrophys directory as they pay a significant amount for internet access contents are relatively sparse at present due to the youth of the archive contributions are encouraged contact the archive administrator timothy banks bankst kauri vuw ac nz for more information the idl astronomy users library is available by anonymous ftp from idlastro gsfc nasa gov this is a central repository for general purpose astronomy procedures written in idl a commercial image processing plotting and programming language contact wayne landsman landsman stars gsfc nasa gov for more information orbital element sets the most recent orbital elements from the nasa prediction bulletins are carried on the celestial bbs documentation and tracking software are also available on this system the celestial bbs may be accessed hours day at or baud using data bits stop bit no parity orbital element sets are available via anonymous ftp from the following sites archive afit af mil nasa tvro shuttle directory pub space ftp funet fi nasa tvro molczan celbbs directory pub astro pc satel shuttle kilroy jpl nasa gov nasa molczan directory pub space space digest archives copies of back issues of space digest are archived on listserv uga bitnet send mail containing the message index space to get an index of files send it the message get filename filetype to get a particular file landsat and nasa photos you can get black and white m prints negatives or positives for respectively for any landsat data more than years old from edc eros earth resources orbiting satellite data center call them at you get meter resolution from the mss scanner x kilometers on a picture x mm in size i think you have to select one band from green red near ir second near ir but i m not sure digitial data is also available at higher prices transparencies of all nasa photos available to the public can be borrowed from the nasa photo archive you can have copies or prints made nasa audio visual facility north rengstorff ave mountain view ca planetary maps the usgs address for maps of the planets is u s geological survey distribution branch box federal center bldg denver co maps cost to per sheet a few come in sets of or sheets the best global maps of mars based on viking images are scale in sheets these maps are i sheets only relief albedo names i i sheets relief names i sheets relief topographic contours i a b c sheets geology there are many other maps as well sheets at scale in relief albedo geology photomosaic forms not all sheets available in all formats sheets at scale as photomosaics of the whole planet about sheets of interesting sites at scale in photomosaic format and lots of special sheets then there are maps of mercury venus the moon the four galilean satellites six moons of saturn and five of uranus phil stooke stooke vaxr sscl uwo ca the author of this item has offered to respond to email requests for information on any topic relating to lunar and planetary maps cometary orbit data the central bureau for astronomical telegrams and the minor planet center announce the sixth edition of the catalogue of cometary orbits in iau circular the catalogue contains entries which represent all known comets through november and is pages long non subscribers to the circulars may purchase the catalogue for while the cost to subscribers is the basic catalogue in ascii along with a program to extract specific orbits and calculate ephemerides is available on ms dos inch s d diskette at a cost of the program requires an math coprocessor the catalogue alone is also available by e mail for or on magnetic tape for except for the printed version of the catalogue the various magnetic media or e mail forms of the catalogue do not specifically meantion non subscribers it is possible that these forms of the catalogue may not be available to non subscribers or that their prices may be more expensive than those given mail requests for specific information and orders to central bureau for astronomical telegrams smithsonian astrophysical observatory cambridge ma usa next faq performing calculations and interpreting data formats
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space faq references archive name space references last modified date references on specific areas publishers of space astronomy material astronomical society of the pacific th avenue san francisco ca more expensive but better organized slide sets cambridge university press east th street new york ny crawford peters aeronautica p o box san diego ca an excellent source of all kinds of space publications they publish a number of catalogs including aviation and space aviation and space space and related titles european southern observatory information and photographic service dr r m west karl scharzschild strasse d garching bei munchen frg slide sets posters photographs conference proceedings finley holiday film corporation east philadelphia street whittier california films wide selection of apollo shuttle viking and voyager slides at cents slide call for a catalog hansen planetarium utah said to hold sales on old slide sets look in sky telescope for contact info lunar and planetary institute nasa road one houston tx technical geology oriented slide sets with supporting booklets john wiley sons third avenue new york ny sky publishing corporation po box belmont ma offers sky catalogue on pc floppy with information including parallax for stars roger wheate geography dept university of calgary alberta canada t n n fax wheate uncamult bitnet offers a slide set called mapping the planets illustrating recent work in planetary cartography comes with a booklet and information on getting your own copies of the maps canadian shipping included superintendent of documents us government printing office washington dc univelt inc p o box san diego ca publishers for the american astronomical society us naval observatory usno bulletin board via modem general willmann bell p o box richmond virginia usa est m f careers in the space industry in the princeton planetary society published the first edition of space jobs the guide to careers in space related fields the publication was enormously successful we distributed copies to space enthusiasts across the country and even sent a few to people in great britain australia and ecuador due to the tremendous response to the first edition pps has published an expanded up to date second edition of the guide the page publication boasts listings for summer and full time job opportunities as well as graduate school programs the second edition of space jobs features strategies for entering the space field and describes positions at consulting and engineering firms nasa and non profit organizations the expanded special section on graduate schools highlights a myriad of programs ranging from space manufacturing to space policy additional sections include tips on becoming an astronaut and listings of nasa space grant fellowships and consortia as well as nasa centers for the commercial development of space to order send check or money order made payable to princeton planetary society for per copy plus per copy for shipping and handling non us customers send an international money order payable in us dollars to princeton planetary society west college princeton university princeton nj dc x single stage to orbit ssto program sdi s ssrt single stage rocket technology project has funded a suborbital technology demonstrator called dc x that should fly in mid further development towards an operational single stage to orbit vehicle called delta clipper is uncertain at present an collection of pictures and files relating to dc x is available by anonymous ftp or email server in the directory bongo cc utexas edu pub delta clipper chris w johnson chrisj emx cc utexas edu maintains the archive how to name a star after a person official names are decided by committees of the international astronomical union and are not for sale there are purely commercial organizations which will for a fee send you pretty certificates and star maps describing where to find your star these organizations have absolutely no standing in the astronomical community and the names they assign are not used by anyone else it s also likely that you won t be able to see your star without binoculars or a telescope see the back pages of astronomy or other amateur astronomy publications for contact info one such organization may be found at international star registry wilson road ingleside il this is not an endorsement of isr llnl great exploration the llnl great exploration a plan for an on the cheap space station lunar base and mars mission using inflatable space structures excited a lot of interest on the net and still comes up from time to time some references cited during net discussion were avation week jan for an article on the overall great exploration nasa assessment of the llnl space exploration proposal and llnl responses by dr lowell wood llnl doc no ss their address is po box livermore ca the nasa authors are unknown briefing slides of a presentation to the nrc last december may be available write llnl and ask conceptual design study for modular inflatable space structures a final report for purchase order b by ilc dover inc i don t know how to get this except from llnl or ilc dover i don t have an address for ilc lunar prospector lunar exploration inc lei is a non profit corporation working on a privately funded lunar polar orbiter lunar prospector is designed to perform a geochemical survey and search for frozen volatiles at the poles a set of reference files describing the project is available in ames arc nasa gov pub space lei lunar science and activities grant h heiken david t vaniman and bevan m french editors lunar sourcebook a user s guide to the moon cambridge university press isbn hardcover expensive a one volume encyclopedia of essentially everything known about the moon reviewing current knowledge in considerable depth with copious references heavy emphasis on geology but a lot more besides including considerable discussion of past lunar missions and practical issues relevant to future mission design the reference book for the moon all others are obsolete wendell mendell ed lunar bases and space activities of the st century every serious student of lunar bases must have this book bill higgins available from lunar and planetary institute nasa road one houston tx if you want to order books call thomas a mutch geology of the moon a stratigraphic view princeton university press information about the lunar orbiter missions including maps of the coverage of the lunar nearside and farside by various orbiters orbiting earth satellite histories a list of earth orbiting satellites that are still in orbit is available by anonymous ftp in ames arc nasa gov pub space faq satellites spacecraft models space in miniature gemini by michael j mackowski waterwood lane st louis mo only pp but enough pictures diagrams to interest more than just the modelling community i feel marco s miniatures of dracut mass have produced a skylab in an edition of a lunar rover same scale as monogram and revell lunar modules in a similar edition prices are for skylab for lrv check with them for postage etc i have no connection with them but have found their service to be good and their stock of rare old kits is impressive prices range from reasonable for monogram scale apollo csm with cutaway details to spectacular for airfix vostok four star collectibles p o box dracut mass usa voyager hst viking lunar rover etc kits from lunar models grisham rowlett texas as reviewed by bob kaplow peter alway s book scale model rocketry is now available mine arrived in the mail earlier this week to get your own copy send s h total to peter alway pittsfield ann arbor mi the book includes information on collecting scale data construction of scale models and several handy tables appendicies include plans for sport scale models a d region tomahawk bt a v bt and a aerobee a bt i ve only begun to study the book but it certainly will be a valuable data source for many modellers most vehicles include several paragraphs of text describing the missions flown by the rocket various specs including nar engine classification along with a dimensioned drawing color layouts paint pattern and a black white photograph the vehicles included are the aerobee a aerobee aerobee hi arcas asp astrobee astrobee d atlas centaur atlas agena atlas score baby wac d region tomahawk deacon rockoon delta b delta e gemini titan ii iris javelin juno juno little joe little joe mercury atlas mercury redstone nike apache nike asp nike cajun nike deacon nike tomahawk ram b saturn block saturn block saturn b saturn scout standard aerobee terrapin thor able titan iii c titan iii e trailblazer v vanguard viking model viking model and wac corporal rocket propulsion george p sutton rocket propulsion elements th edn wiley interscience isbn pricey textbook the best nearly the only modern introduction to the technical side of rocketry a good place to start if you want to know the details not for the math shy straight chemical rockets essentially nothing on more advanced propulsion although earlier editions reportedly had some coverage dieter k huzel and david h huang design of liquid propellant rocket engines nasa sp ntis n pc a mf a p out of print reproductions may be obtained through the ntis expensive the complete and authoritative guide to designing liquid fuel engines reference in most chapters of sutton heavy emphasis on practical issues what works and what doesn t what the typical values of the fudge factors are stiff reading massive detail written for rocket engineers by rocket engineers spacecraft design brij n agrawal design of geosynchronous spacecraft prentice hall isbn james r wertz ed spacecraft attitude determination and control kluwer isbn p r k chetty satellite technology and its applications mcgraw hill isbn james r wertz and wiley j larson editors space mission analysis and design kluwer academic publishers dordrecht boston london isbn paperback or hardback this looks at system level design of a spacecraft rather than detailed design chapters appendices about pages it leads the reader through the mission design and system level design of a fictitious earth observation satellite to illustrate the principles that it tries to convey warning although the book is chock full of many useful reference tables some of the numbers in at least one of those tables launch costs for various launchers appear to be quite wrong can be ordered by telephone using a credit card kluwer s phone number is cost esoteric propulsion schemes solar sails lasers fusion this needs more and more up to date references but it s a start antimatter antiproton annihilation propulsion robert forward afrpl tr from the air force rocket propulsion laboratory afrpl xrx stop edwards air force base ca ntis ad a pc a mf a pc paper copy a us or maybe price code mf microfiche a us technical study on making holding and using antimatter for near term years propulsion systems excellent bibliography forward is the best known proponent of antimatter this also may be available as udr tr from the contractor the university of dayton research institute and dtic ad a from the defense technical information center defense logistics agency cameron station alexandria va and it s also available from the ntis with yet another number advanced space propulsion study antiproton and beamed power propulsion robert forward afal tr from the air force astronautics laboratory dtic ad a ntis ad a pc a mf a summarizes the previous paper goes into detail on beamed power systems including pellet microwave and laser beamed power systems for intersteller transport a design for a near relativistic laser pushed lightsail using near term laser technology a survey of laser thermal propulsion tether transportation systems antiproton annihilation propulsion exotic applications of solar sails and laser pushed interstellar lightsails the status of antiproton annihilation propulsion as of and the prospects for obtaining antimatter ions heavier than antiprotons again there is an extensive bibliography application of antimatter electric power to interstellar propulsion g d nordley jbis interstellar studies issue of bussard ramjets and related methods g l matloff and a j fennelly interstellar applications and limitations of several electrostatic electromagnetic ion collection techniques jbis n h langston the erosion of interstellar drag screens jbis c powell flight dynamics of the ram augmented interstellar rocket jbis a r martin the effects of drag on relativistic spacefight jbis fusion a laser fusion rocket for interplanetary propulsion roderick hyde llnl report ucrl contact the technical information dept at livermore fusion pellet design fuel selection energy loss mechanisms pellet compression metrics thrust chamber magnetic nozzle shielding tritium breeding thermal modeling fusion driver lasers particle beams etc heat rejection vehicle summary mass estimates vehicle performance interstellar travel required exhaust velocities at the limit of fusion s capability interplanetary missions are limited by power weight ratio trajectory modeling typical mission profiles references including the report in jbis project daedalus and several on icf and driver technology fusion as electric propulsion robert w bussard journal of propulsion and power vol no sept oct fusion rocket engines are analyzed as electric propulsion systems with propulsion thrust power input power ratio the thrust power gain g t much greater than unity gain values of conventional solar fission electric propulsion systems are always quite small e g g t with these high thrust interplanetary flight is not possible because system acceleration a t capabilities are always less than the local gravitational acceleration in contrast gain values times higher are found for some fusion concepts which offer high thrust flight capability one performance example shows a day powered coast one way transit time with payload for a single stage earth mars vehicle another shows the potential for high acceleration a t g o flight in earth moon space the qed engine system direct electric fusion powered systems for aerospace flight propulsion by robert w bussard emc available from energy matter conversion corp a center street manassas va this is an introduction to the application of bussard s version of the farnsworth hirsch electrostatic confinement fusion technology to propulsion isp sec farnsworth hirsch demonstrated a neutron flux with their device back in but it was dropped when panic ensued over the surprising stability of the soviet tokamak hirsch responsible for the panic has recently recanted and is back working on qed jim bowery plasmaktm star power for energy intensive space applications by paul m koloc eight ans topical meeting on technology of fusion energy special issue fusion technology march aneutronic energy fusion with little or negligible neutron flux requires plasma pressures and stable confinement times larger than can be delivered by current approaches if plasma pressures appropriate to burn times on the order of milliseconds could be achieved in aneutronic fuels then high power densities and very compact realtively clean burning engines for space and other special applications would be at hand the plasmaktm innovation will make this possible its unique pressure efficient structure exceptional stability fluid mechanically compressible mantle and direct inductive mhd electric power conversion advantages are described peak burn densities of tens of megawats per cc give it compactness even in the multi gigawatt electric output size engineering advantages indicate a rapid development schedule at very modest cost i strongly recommend that people take this guy seriously bob hirsch the primary proponent of the tokamak has recently declared koloc s plasmaktm precursor the spheromak to be one of promising fusion technologies that should be pursued rather than tokamak aside from the preceeding appeal to authority the plasmaktm looks like it finally models ball lightning with solid mhd physics jim bowery ion drives retrieve files pub space spacelink from the ames space archive these deal with many aspects of ion drives and describe the sert i and ii missions which flight tested cesium ion thrusters in the s and s there are numerous references mass drivers coilguns railguns ieee transactions on magnetics for example v no january issue every so often they publish the proceedings of the symposium on electromagnetic launcher technology including hundreds of papers on the subject it s a good look at the state of the art though perhaps not a good tutorial for beginners anybody know some good review papers nuclear rockets fission technical notes on nuclear rockets by bruce w knight and donald kingsbury unpublished may be available from donald kingsbury math dept mcgill university po box station a montreal quebec m c g canada solar sails starsailing solar sails and interstellar travel louis friedman wiley new york pp paper not very technical but an adequate overview roundtrip interstellar travel using laser pushed lightsails journal of spacecraft and rockets vol pp jan feb tethers tethers and asteroids for artificial gravity assist in the solar system by p a penzo and h l mayer journal of spacecraft and rockets for jan feb details how a spacecraft with a kevlar tether of the same mass can change its velocity by up to slightly less than km sec if it is travelling under that velocity wrt a suitable asteroid general alternate propulsion energy sources robert forward afprl tr ntis ad b pc a mf a dec p keywords propulsion energy metastable helium free radical hydrogen solar pumped sic plasmas antiproton annihiliation ionospheric lasers solar sails perforated sails microwave sails quantum fluctuations antimatter rockets it s a wide if not deep look at exotic energy sources which might be useful for space propulsion it also considers various kinds of laser propulsion metallic hydrogen tethers and unconventional nuclear propulsion the bibliographic information pointing to the research on all this stuff belongs on every daydreamer s shelf future magic dr robert l forward avon isbn nontechnical discussion of tethers antimatter gravity control and even futher out topics spy satellites deep black by william burrows best modern general book for spysats a base for debate the us satellite station at nurrungar des ball allen and unwin australia isbn covers dsp early warning satellites pine gap australia and the us geostationary signals intelligence satellite program des ball allen and unwin australia isbn covers rhyolite aquacade chalet vortex and magnum signals intelligence satellites guardians strategic reconnaissance satellites curtis peebles ian allan isbn good on mol military salyut and soviet satellites less so on others tends to believe what he s told so flaws in discussion of dsp rhyolite et al america s secret eyes in space the keyhole spy satellite program jeffrey richelson harper and row isbn in a class of its own the historical reference on the keyhole satellites secret sentries in space philip j klass long out of print but well worth a look space shuttle computer systems j communications of the acm v n d september k special issue on space shuttle computers a myron kayton t avionics for manned spacecraft j ieee transactions on aerospace and electronic systems v n d november p other various aiaa and ieee publications computers in spaceflight the nasa experience james e tomayko seti computation signal processing a d k cullers a ivan r linscott a bernard m oliver t signal processing in seti j communications of the acm v n d november p k cr categories and subject descriptors d operating systems process management concurrency i pattern recognition applications signal processing j phsyical sciences and engineering astronomy general terms design additional key words and phrases digital fourier transforms finite impulse response filters interstellar communications search for extra terrestrial intelligence signal detection spectrum analysis amateur satellies weather satellites a fairly long writeup on receiving and interpreting weather satellite photos is available from the ames space archive in pub space faq weatherphotos the american radio relay league publication service offers the following references also see the section on amsat in the space groups segment of the faq arrl satellite experimenters handbook arrl weather satellite handbook ibm pc software for weather satellite handbook amsat na th space symposium amsat na th space symposium shipping is extra the american radio relay league publications department main street newington ct tides srinivas bettadpur contributed a writeup on tides available from the ames space archive in pub space faq tides it covers the following areas d example of tidal deformation treatment of tidal fields in practice long term evolution of the earth moon system under tides the writeup refers to the following texts geophysical geodesy by k lambeck tides of the planet earth by p melchior next faq constants and equations for calculations
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space faq mission schedules archive name space schedule last modified date space shuttle answers launch schedules tv coverage shuttle launchings and landings schedules and how to see them shuttle operations are discussed in the usenet group sci space shuttle and ken hollis gandalf pro electric cts com posts a compressed version of the shuttle manifest launch dates and other information periodically there the manifest is also available from the ames space archive in space faq manifest the portion of his manifest formerly included in this faq has been removed please refer to his posting or the archived copy for the most up to date information on upcoming missions call info at kennedy space center official nasa shuttle status reports are posted to sci space news frequently why does the shuttle roll just after liftoff the following answer and translation are provided by ken jenks kjenks gothamcity jsc nasa gov the ascent guidance and flight control training manual asc g c says during the vertical rise phase the launch pad attitude is commanded until an i loaded v rel sufficient to assure launch tower clearance is achieved then the tilt maneuver roll program orients the vehicle to a heads down attitude required to generate a negative q alpha which in turn alleviates structural loading other advantages with this attitude are performance gain decreased abort maneuver complexity improved s band look angles and crew view of the horizon the tilt maneuver is also required to start gaining downrange velocity to achieve the main engine cutoff meco target in second stage this really is a good answer but it s couched in nasa jargon i ll try to interpret we wait until the shuttle clears the tower before rolling then we roll the shuttle around so that the angle of attack between the wind caused by passage through the atmosphere the relative wind and the chord of the wings the imaginary line between the leading edge and the trailing edge is a slightly negative angle a negative q alpha this causes a little bit of downward force toward the belly of the orbiter or the z direction and this force alleviates structural loading we have to be careful about those wings they re about the most delicate part of the vehicle the new attitude after the roll also allows us to carry more mass to orbit or to achieve a higher orbit with the same mass or to change the orbit to a higher or lower inclination than would be the case if we didn t roll performance gain the new attitude allows the crew to fly a less complicated flight path if they had to execute one of the more dangerous abort maneuvers the return to launch site decreased abort maneuver complexity the new attitude improves the ability for ground based radio antennae to have a good line of sight signal with the s band radio antennae on the orbiter improved s band look angles the new attitude allows the crew to see the horizon which is a helpful but not mandatory part of piloting any flying machine the new attitude orients the shuttle so that the body is more nearly parallel with the ground and the nose to the east usually this allows the thrust from the engines to add velocity in the correct direction to eventually achieve orbit remember velocity is a vector quantity made of both speed and direction the shuttle has to have a large horizontal component to its velocity and a very small vertical component to attain orbit this all begs the question why isn t the launch pad oriented to give this nice attitude to begin with why does the shuttle need to roll to achieve that attitude the answer is that the pads were leftovers from the apollo days the shuttle straddles two flame trenches one for the solid rocket motor exhaust one for the space shuttle main engine exhaust you can see the effects of this on any daytime launch the srm exhaust is dirty gray garbage and the ssme exhaust is fluffy white steam watch for the difference between the top orbiter side and the bottom external tank side of the stack the access tower and other support and service structure are all oriented basically the same way they were for the saturn v s a side note the saturn v s also had a roll program don t ask me why i m a shuttle guy i checked with a buddy in ascent dynamics he added that the roll maneuver is really a maneuver in all three axes roll pitch and yaw the roll component of that maneuver is performed for the reasons stated the pitch component controls loading on the wings by keeping the angle of attack q alpha within a tight tolerance the yaw component is used to determine the orbital inclination the total maneuver is really expressed as a quaternion a grad level math concept for combining all three rotation matrices in one four element array how to receive the nasa tv channel nasa select nasa select is broadcast by satellite if you have access to a satellite dish you can find select on satcom f r transponder c band degrees west longitude audio frequency mhz f r is stationed over the atlantic and is increasingly difficult to receive from california and points west during events of special interest e g shuttle missions select is sometimes broadcast on a second satellite for these viewers if you can t get a satellite feed some cable operators carry select it s worth asking if yours doesn t the select schedule is found in the nasa headline news which is frequently posted to sci space news generally it carries press conferences briefings by nasa officials and live coverage of shuttle missions and planetary encounters select has recently begun carrying much more secondary material associated with spacelink when missions are not being covered amateur radio frequencies for shuttle missions the following are believed to rebroadcast space shuttle mission audio w fxn los angeles k mf ames research center mountain view california wa nan goddard space flight center gsfc greenbelt maryland w rrr johnson space center jsc houston texas w vio jet propulsion laboratory jpl pasadena california w aw voice bulletins station vhf m m m m m w fxn k mf wa nan w rrr w vio w vio w aw w rrr transmits mission audio on a special event station on the other frequencies supplying keplerian elements and mission information w aw also transmits on no mission audio but they transmit voice bulletins at and utc frequencies in the m bands require usb and frequencies in the and m bands lsb use fm for the vhf frequencies this item was most recently updated courtesy of gary morris g telesoft com kk yb n qwc solid rocket booster fuel composition reference shuttle flight operations manual volume b solid rocket booster systems nasa document jsc propellant composition percent ammonium perchlorate oxidizer aluminum iron oxide burn rate catalyst polybutadiene acrilic acid acrylonitrile a rubber epoxy curing agent end reference comment the aluminum rubber and epoxy all burn with the oxidizer next faq historical planetary probes
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space faq planetary probe history archive name space probe last modified date planetary probes historical missions this section was lightly adapted from an original posting by larry klaes klaes verga enet dec com mostly minor formatting changes matthew wiener weemba libra wistar upenn edu contributed the section on voyager and the section on sakigake was obtained from isas material posted by yoshiro yamada yamada yscvax ysc go jp us planetary missions mariner venus mars mercury flybys and orbiters mariner the first u s attempt to send a spacecraft to venus failed minutes after launch in the guidance instructions from the ground stopped reaching the rocket due to a problem with its antenna so the onboard computer took control however there turned out to be a bug in the guidance software and the rocket promptly went off course so the range safety officer destroyed it although the bug is sometimes claimed to have been an incorrect fortran do statement it was actually a transcription error in which the bar indicating smoothing was omitted from the expression r dot bar sub n nth smoothed value of derivative of radius this error led the software to treat normal minor variations of velocity as if they were serious leading to incorrect compensation mariner became the first successful probe to flyby venus in december of and it returned information which confirmed that venus is a very hot degrees fahrenheit now revised to degrees f world with a cloud covered atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide sulfuric acid was later confirmed in mariner launched on november was lost when its protective shroud failed to eject as the craft was placed into interplanetary space unable to collect the sun s energy for power from its solar panels the probe soon died when its batteries ran out and is now in solar orbit it was intended for a mars flyby with mariner mariner the sister probe to mariner did reach mars in and took the first close up images of the martian surface in all as it flew by the planet the probe found a cratered world with an atmosphere much thinner than previously thought many scientists concluded from this preliminary scan that mars was a dead world in both the geological and biological sense mariner was sent to venus in it reconfirmed the data on that planet collected five years earlier by mariner plus the information that venus atmospheric pressure at its surface is at least times that of earth s or the equivalent of being feet under the surface of an ocean mariner and were sent to mars in and expanded upon the work done by mariner four years earlier however they failed to take away the concept of mars as a dead planet first made from the basic measurements of mariner mariner ended up in the atlantic ocean in when the rocket launcher autopilot failed mariner the sister probe to mariner became the first craft to orbit mars in it returned information on the red planet that no other probe had done before revealing huge volcanoes on the martian surface as well as giant canyon systems and evidence that water once flowed across the planet the probe also took the first detailed closeup images of mars two small moons phobos and deimos mariner used venus as a gravity assist to mercury in the probe did return the first close up images of the venusian atmosphere in ultraviolet revealing previously unseen details in the cloud cover plus the fact that the entire cloud system circles the planet in four earth days mariner eventually made three flybys of mercury from to before running out of attitude control gas the probe revealed mercury as a heavily cratered world with a mass much greater than thought this would seem to indicate that mercury has an iron core which makes up percent of the entire planet pioneer moon sun venus jupiter and saturn flybys and orbiters pioneer through failed to meet their main objective to photograph the moon close up but they did reach far enough into space to provide new information on the area between earth and the moon including new data on the van allen radiation belts circling earth all three craft had failures with their rocket launchers pioneer was launched on october pioneer on november and pioneer on december pioneer was a moon probe which missed the moon and became the first u s spacecraft to orbit the sun in pioneer was originally designed to flyby venus but the mission was scaled down and it instead studied the interplanetary environment between venus and earth out to million kilometers in a record until mariner pioneer through were placed into solar orbit from to pioneer and are still transmitting information at this time pioneer e would have been number suffered a launch failure in pioneer became the first spacecraft to flyby jupiter in pioneer followed it in and then went on to become the first probe to study saturn in both vehicles should continue to function through and are heading off into interstellar space the first craft ever to do so pioneer venus also known as pioneer venus orbiter or pioneer burned up in the venusian atmosphere on october pvo made the first radar studies of the planet s surface via probe pioneer venus also known as pioneer sent four small probes into the atmosphere in december of the main spacecraft bus burned up high in the atmosphere while the four probes descended by parachute towards the surface though none were expected to survive to the surface the day probe did make it and transmitted for minutes on the ground before its batteries failed ranger lunar lander and impact missions ranger and were test probes for the ranger lunar impact series they were meant for high earth orbit testing in but rocket problems left them in useless low orbits which quickly decayed ranger launched on january was intended to land an instrument capsule on the surface of the moon but problems during the launch caused the probe to miss the moon and head into solar orbit ranger did try to take some images of the moon as it flew by but the camera was unfortunately aimed at deep space during the attempt ranger launched april had the same purpose as ranger but suffered technical problems enroute and crashed on the lunar farside the first u s probe to reach the moon albeit without returning data ranger launched october and similar to ranger and lost all solar panel and battery power enroute and eventually missed the moon and drifted off into solar orbit ranger through had more modified lunar missions they were to send back live images of the lunar surface as they headed towards an impact with the moon ranger failed this objective in when its cameras did not operate ranger through performed well becoming the first u s lunar probes to return thousands of lunar images through lunar orbiter lunar surface photography lunar orbiter through were designed to orbit the moon and image various sites being studied as landing areas for the manned apollo missions of the probes also contributed greatly to our understanding of lunar surface features particularly the lunar farside all five probes of the series launched from to were essentially successful in their missions they were the first u s probes to orbit the moon all los were eventually crashed into the lunar surface to avoid interference with the manned apollo missions surveyor lunar soft landers the surveyor series were designed primarily to see if an apollo lunar module could land on the surface of the moon without sinking into the soil before this time it was feared by some that the moon was covered in great layers of dust which would not support a heavy landing vehicle surveyor was successful in proving that the lunar surface was strong enough to hold up a spacecraft from to only surveyor and were unsuccessful missions the rest became the first u s probes to soft land on the moon taking thousands of images and scooping the soil for analysis apollo landed feet from surveyor in and returned parts of the craft to earth surveyor the last of the series was a purely scientific mission which explored the tycho crater region in viking mars orbiters and landers viking was launched from cape canaveral florida on august on a titan e centaur d rocket the probe went into martian orbit on june and the lander set down on the western slopes of chryse planitia on july it soon began its programmed search for martian micro organisms there is still debate as to whether the probes found life there or not and sent back incredible color panoramas of its surroundings one thing scientists learned was that mars sky was pinkish in color not dark blue as they originally thought the sky is pink due to sunlight reflecting off the reddish dust particles in the thin atmosphere the lander set down among a field of red sand and boulders stretching out as far as its cameras could image the viking orbiter kept functioning until august when it ran out of attitude control propellant the lander was switched into a weather reporting mode where it had been hoped it would keep functioning through but after november an errant command had been sent to the lander accidentally telling it to shut down until further orders communication was never regained again despite the engineers efforts through may of an interesting side note viking s lander has been designated the thomas a mutch memorial station in honor of the late leader of the lander imaging team the national air and space museum in washington d c is entrusted with the safekeeping of the mutch station plaque until it can be attached to the lander by a manned expedition viking was launched on september and arrived in martian orbit on august the lander touched down on september in utopia planitia it accomplished essentially the same tasks as its sister lander with the exception that its seisometer worked recording one marsquake the orbiter had a series of attitude control gas leaks in which prompted it being shut down that july the lander was shut down on april the orbits of both viking orbiters should decay around voyager outer planet flybys voyager was launched september and flew past jupiter on march and by saturn on november voyager was launched august before voyager and flew by jupiter on august by saturn on august by uranus on january and by neptune on august voyager took advantage of a rare once every years alignment to slingshot its way from outer planet to outer planet voyager could in principle have headed towards pluto but jpl opted for the sure thing of a titan close up between the two probes our knowledge of the giant planets their satellites and their rings has become immense voyager discovered that jupiter has complicated atmospheric dynamics lightning and aurorae three new satellites were discovered two of the major surprises were that jupiter has rings and that io has active sulfurous volcanoes with major effects on the jovian magnetosphere when the two probes reached saturn they discovered over ringlets and satellites including the predicted shepherd satellites that keep the rings stable the weather was tame compared with jupiter massive jet streams with minimal variance a year great white spot band cycle is known titan s atmosphere was smoggy mimas appearance was startling one massive impact crater gave it the death star appearance the big surprise here was the stranger aspects of the rings braids kinks and spokes were both unexpected and difficult to explain voyager thanks to heroic engineering and programming efforts continued the mission to uranus and neptune uranus itself was highly monochromatic in appearance one oddity was that its magnetic axis was found to be highly skewed from the already completely skewed rotational axis giving uranus a peculiar magnetosphere icy channels were found on ariel and miranda was a bizarre patchwork of different terrains satellites and one more ring were discovered in contrast to uranus neptune was found to have rather active weather including numerous cloud features the ring arcs turned out to be bright patches on one ring two other rings and other satellites were discovered neptune s magnetic axis was also skewed triton had a canteloupe appearance and geysers what s liquid at k the two voyagers are expected to last for about two more decades their on target journeying gives negative evidence about possible planets beyond pluto their next major scientific discovery should be the location of the heliopause soviet planetary missions since there have been so many soviet probes to the moon venus and mars i will highlight only the primary missions soviet lunar probes luna lunar impact attempt in missed moon and became first craft in solar orbit luna first craft to impact on lunar surface in luna took first images of lunar farside in zond took first images of lunar farside in since luna was also a test for future mars missions luna first probe to soft land on the moon in returned images from surface luna first probe to orbit the moon in luna second successful soviet lunar soft landing mission in zond first successful circumlunar craft zond through accomplished similar missions through the probes were unmanned tests of a manned orbiting soyuz type lunar vehicle luna first probe to land on moon and return samples of lunar soil to earth in luna accomplished similar mission in luna delivered the first unmanned lunar rover to the moon s surface lunokhod in a similar feat was accomplished with luna lunokhod in luna last soviet lunar mission to date returned soil samples in soviet venus probes venera first acknowledged attempt at venus mission transmissions lost enroute in venera attempt to image venus during flyby mission in tandem with venera probe ceased transmitting just before encounter in february of no images were returned venera attempt to place a lander capsule on venusian surface transmissions ceased just before encounter and entire probe became the first craft to impact on another planet in venera first probe to successfully return data while descending through venusian atmosphere crushed by air pressure before reaching surface in venera and mission profiles similar in venera first probe to return data from the surface of another planet in venera accomplished a more detailed mission in venera sent first image of venusian surface in was also the first probe to orbit venus venera accomplished similar mission venera returned first color images of venusian surface in venera accomplished similar mission venera accomplished radar mapping with venera of sections of planet s surface in more detailed than pvo vega accomplished with vega first balloon probes of venusian atmosphere in including two landers flyby buses went on to become first spacecraft to study comet halley close up in march of soviet mars probes mars first acknowledged mars probe in transmissions ceased enroute the following year zond first possible attempt to place a lander capsule on martian surface probe signals ceased enroute in mars first soviet mars probe to land albeit crash on martian surface orbiter section first soviet probe to circle the red planet in mars first successful soft landing on martian surface but lander signals ceased after seconds in mars attempt at orbiting mars in braking rockets failed to fire probe went on into solar orbit mars first fully successful soviet mars mission orbiting mars in returned images of martian surface comparable to u s probe mariner mars landing attempt in lander crashed into the surface mars lander missed mars completely in went into a solar orbit with its flyby bus phobos first attempt to land probes on surface of mars largest moon phobos probe failed enroute in due to human computer error phobos attempt to land probes on martian moon phobos the probe did enter mars orbit in early but signals ceased one week before scheduled phobos landing while there has been talk of soviet jupiter saturn and even interstellar probes within the next thirty years no major steps have yet been taken with these projects more intensive studies of the moon mars venus and various comets have been planned for the s and a mercury mission to orbit and land probes on the tiny world has been planned for how the many changes in the former soviet union now the commonwealth of independent states will affect the future of their space program remains to be seen japanese planetary missions sakigake ms t was launched from the kagoshima space center by isas on january and approached halley s comet within about million km on march the spacecraft is carrying three instru ments to measure interplanetary magnetic field plasma waves solar wind all of which work normally now so isas made an earth swingby by sakigake on january into an orbit similar to the earth s the closest approach was at h m s jst utc h on january the geocentric distance was km this is the first planet swingby for a japanese spacecraft during the approach sakigake observed the geotail some geotail passages will be scheduled in some years hence the second earth swingby will be on june at re earth s radius and the third october at re hiten a small lunar probe was launched into earth orbit on january the spacecraft was then known as muses a but was renamed to hiten once in orbit the lb probe looped out from earth and made its first lunary flyby on march where it dropped off its lb midget satellite hagoromo japan at this point became the third nation to orbit a satellite around the moon joining the unites states and ussr the smaller spacecraft hagoromo remained in orbit around the moon an apparently broken transistor radio caused the japanese space scientists to lose track of it hagoromo s rocket motor fired on schedule on march but the spacecraft s tracking transmitter failed immediately the rocket firing of hagoromo was optically confirmed using the schmidt camera cm f at the kiso observatory in japan hiten made multiple lunar flybys at approximately monthly intervals and performed aerobraking experiments using the earth s atmosphere hiten made a close approach to the moon at jst utc h on february at the height of km from the moon s surface n e and fired its propulsion system for about ten minutes to put the craft into lunar orbit the following is the orbital calculation results after the approach apoapsis altitude about km periapsis altitude about km inclination deg to ecliptic plane period days planetary mission references i also recommend reading the following works categorized in three groups general overviews specific books on particular space missions and periodical sources on space probes this list is by no means complete it is primarily designed to give you places to start your research through generally available works on the subject if anyone can add pertinent works to the list it would be greatly appreciated though naturally i recommend all the books listed below i think it would be best if you started out with the general overview books in order to give you a clear idea of the history of space exploration in this area i also recommend that you pick up some good up to date general works on astronomy and the sol system to give you some extra background most of these books and periodicals can be found in any good public and university library some of the more recently published works can also be purchased in and or ordered through any good mass market bookstore general overviews in alphabetical order by author j kelly beatty et al the new solar system merton e davies and bruce c murray the view from space photographic exploration of the planets kenneth gatland the illustrated encyclopedia of space technology kenneth gatland robot explorers r greeley planetary landscapes douglas hart the encyclopedia of soviet spacecraft nicholas l johnson handbook of soviet lunar and planetary exploration clayton r koppes jpl and the american space program a history of the jet propulsion laboratory richard s lewis the illustrated encyclopedia of the universe mark littman planets beyond discovering the outer solar system eugene f mallove and gregory l matloff the starflight handbook a pioneer s guide to interstellar travel frank miles and nicholas booth race to mars the mars flight atlas bruce murray journey into space oran w nicks far travelers nasa sp james e oberg uncovering soviet disasters exploring the limits of glasnost carl sagan comet carl sagan the cosmic connection carl sagan planets life science library arthur smith planetary exploration thirty years of unmanned space probes andrew wilson jane s solar system log specific mission references charles a cross and patrick moore the atlas of mercury the mariner mission to venus and mercury joel davis flyby the interplanetary odyssey of voyager irl newlan first to venus the story of mariner margaret poynter and arthur l lane voyager the story of a space mission carl sagan murmurs of earth deals with the earth information records placed on voyager and in case the probes are found by intelligences in interstellar space as well as the probes and planetary mission objectives themselves other works and periodicals nasa has published very detailed and technical books on every space probe mission it has launched good university libraries will carry these books and they are easily found simply by knowing which mission you wish to read about i recommend these works after you first study some of the books listed above some periodicals i recommend for reading on space probes are national geographic which has written articles on the pioneer probes to earth s moon luna and the jovian planets jupiter and saturn the ranger surveyor lunar orbiter and apollo missions to luna the mariner missions to mercury venus and mars the viking probes to mars and the voyager missions to jupiter saturn uranus and neptune more details on american soviet european and japanese probe missions can be found in sky and telescope astronomy science nature and scientific american magazines time newsweek and various major newspapers can supply not only general information on certain missions but also show you what else was going on with earth at the time events were unfolding if that is of interest to you space missions are affected by numerous political economic and climatic factors as you probably know depending on just how far your interest in space probes will go you might also wish to join the planetary society one of the largest space groups in the world dedicated to planetary exploration their periodical the planetary report details the latest space probe missions write to the planetary society north catalina avenue pasadena california usa good luck with your studies in this area of space exploration i personally find planetary missions to be one of the more exciting areas in this field and the benefits human society has and will receive from it are incredible with many yet to be realized larry klaes klaes verga enet dec com next faq upcoming planetary probes missions and schedules
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space faq orbital and planetary launch services archive name space launchers last modified date orbital and planetary launch services the following data comes from international reference guide to space launch systems by steven j isakowitz edition notes unless otherwise specified leo and polar paylaods are for a nm orbit reliablity data includes launches through dec reliabity for a familiy of vehicles includes launches by types no longer built when applicable prices are in millions of us and are subject to change only operational vehicle families are included individual vehicles which have not yet flown are marked by an asterisk if a vehicle had first launch after publication of my data it may still be marked with an asterisk vehicle payload kg lbs reliability price launch site nation leo polar gto lat long ariane kourou esa n w ar m ar p m ar p m ar l m ar lp m ar l m ar m nm atlas cape canaveral usa n w atlas e m vandeberg afb n w atlas i m atlas ii m atlas iia m atlas iias m delta cape canaveral usa vandenberg afb delta m delta m energia baikonur russia n e energia m h series tangeshima japan n e h m kosmos plestek russia n e kosmos kapustin yar km orbit inclination n e long march jiquan slc china n e cz d m xichang slc n e taiyuan slc cz c m n e cz e m cz e ho cz m cz a m cz m pegasus taurus peg b l usa taur canaveral pegasus m or vandenberg taurus m proton baikonour russia proton m scout vandenberg afb usa wallops ff scout g m n w san marco s e enhanced scout m shavit palmachim afb israel n shavit m space shuttle kennedy space usa center shuttle srb m n w fy shuttle asrm slv shar center india km km polar n e aslv m pslv m gslv m titan cape canaveral usa vandenberg titan ii m titan iii m titan iv srm m m titan iv srmu m vostok baikonur russia km plesetsk vostok m soyuz m molniya kg lbs in m highly eliptical orbit zenit baikonur russia zenit m
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space faq astronomical mnemonics archive name space mnemonics last modified date astronomical mnemonics this is the last faq section posted to sci astro gathered from various flurries of mnemonic postings on sci astro spectral classification sequence o b a f g k m r n s oh be a fine girl kiss me right now sweetheart a classic o dell s big astronomical fiasco gonna kill me right now surely obese balding astronomy found guilty killed many reluctant nonscience students octopus brains a favorite gastronomical kitchen menu requires no sauce odd ball astronomers find generally kooky mnemonics really nifty stuff oh big and ferocious gorilla kill my roomate next saturday oh boy a flash godzilla kills mothra really not surprising oh boy an f grade kills me on bad afternoons fermented grapes keep mrs richard nixon smiling on backward astronomer forget geocentricity kepler s motions reveal nature s simplicity our bad astronomy faculty gets killed monday oven baked ants fried gently kept moist retain natural succulence overseas broadcast a flash godzilla kills mothra rodan named successor overweight boys and fat girls keep munching only bored astronomers find gratification knowing mnemonics oh bloody astronomy f grades kill me order of the planets sun mercury venus earth terra mars asteroids jupiter saturn uranus neptune pluto my very earnest mother just served us nine pizzas mother very thoughtfully made a jelly sandwich under no protest my very erotic mate joyfully satisfies unusual needs passionately men very easily make jugs serve useful nocturnal purposes man very early made a jug serve useful noble purposes my very educated mother just showed us nine planets my very eager mother just showed us nine planets my very exhausted mother has just swept up a planetary nebula most voters earn money just showing up near polls my very educated mother just served us nine pizza pies many viscious elephants made john suzy and uncle need protection solar mass very easily makes all jupiter s satellites undergo numerous perturbations mein vater erklaert mir jeden sonntag unsere niedlichen planeten my father explains to me every sunday our nine planets man verachte einen menschen in seinem unglueck nie punkt never scorn despise a person in his misfortune bad luck misery period colors of the spectrum red orange yellow green blue indigo violet roy g biv pronounce as a man s name richard of york gave battle in vain read out your good book in verse galilean satellite of jupiter io europa ganymede callisto i expect god cries i eat green cheese i embarrass good christians ich erschrecke all guten christen i scare all good christians saturnian satellites met dr thip miriam s enchiladas taste divine recently tell her i m proud mimas enceladus tethys dione rhea titan hyperion iapetus phoebe uranian satellites mauto mispronunciations afflict uranus too often my angel uriel takes opium miranda ariel umbriel titania oberon note the remaining faq sections do not appear in sci astro as they cover material of relevance only to sci space next faq contacting nasa esa and other space agencies companies
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space faq addresses archive name space addresses last modified date contacting nasa esa and other space agencies companies many space activities center around large government or international bureaucracies in the us that means nasa if you have basic information requests e g general pr info research grants data limited tours and especially summer employment typically resumes should be ready by jan etc consider contacting the nearest nasa center to answer your questions email typically will not get you any where computers are used by investigators not pr people the typical volume of mail per center is a multiple of letters a day seek the public information office at one of the below this is their job nasa the national aeronautics and space administration is the civilian space agency of of the united states federal government it reports directly to the white house and is not a cabinet post such as the military department of defense its k employees are civil servants and hence us citizens another k contractors also work for nasa nasa centers nasa headquarters nasa hq washington dc ask them questions about policy money and things of political nature direct specific questions to the appropriate center nasa ames research center arc moffett field ca some aeronautical research atmosphere reentry mars and venus planetary atmospheres lead center for helicopter research v stol etc runs pioneer series of space probes nasa ames research center dryden flight research facility dfrf p o box edwards ca aircraft mostly tested the shuttle orbiter landing characteristics developed x d x x x xb and of course the x nasa goddard space flight center gsfc greenbelt md outside of washington dc earth orbiting unmanned satellites and sounding rockets developed landsat jet propulsion laboratory jpl california institute of technology oak grove dr pasadena ca the heavies in planetary research probes and other unmanned projects they also had a lot to do with iras they run voyager magellan galileo and will run cassini craf etc etc for images probe navigation and other info about unmanned exploration this is the place to go jpl is run under contract for nasa by the nearby california institute of technology unlike the nasa centers above this distinction is subtle but critical jpl has different requirements for unsolicited research proposals and summer hires for instance in the latter an sf is useless employees are caltech employees contractors and for the most part have similar responsibilities they offer an alternative to funding after other nasa centers a fact sheet and description of jpl is available by anonymous ftp in ames arc nasa gov pub space faq jpldescription nasa johnson manned space center jsc houston tx jsc manages space shuttle ground control of manned missions astronaut training manned mission simulators nasa kennedy space flight center ksc titusville fl space launch center you know this one nasa langley research center larc hampton va near newport news va original nasa site specializes in theoretical and experimental flight dynamics viking long duration exposure facility nasa lewis research center lerc brookpark rd cleveland oh aircraft rocket propulsion space power generation materials research nasa marshall space flight center msfc huntsville al development production delivery of solid rocket boosters external tank orbiter main engines propulsion and launchers michoud assembly facility orleans parish new orleans la shuttle external tanks are produced here formerly michoud produced first stages for the saturn v stennis space center bay st louis mississippi space shuttle main engines are tested here as were saturn v first and second stages the center also does remote sensing and technology transfer research wallops flight center wallops island va aeronautical research sounding rockets scout launcher manager technology utilization office nasa scientific and technical information facility post office box baltimore maryland specific requests for software must go thru cosmic at the univ of georgia nasa s contracted software redistribution service you can reach them at cosmic uga bitnet note foreign nationals requesting information must go through their embassies in washington dc these are facilities of the us government and are regarded with some degree of economic sensitivity centers cannot directly return information without high center approval allow at least month for clearance this includes cosmic the us air force space command can be contacted thru the pentagon along with other department of defense offices they have unacknowledged offices in los angeles sunnyvale colorado springs and other locations they have a budget which rivals nasa in size arianespace headquarters boulevard de l europe b p evry cedex france arianespace inc pennsylvania avenue nw suite washington dc european space agency esa l enfant plaza s w washington d c national space development agency nasda hamamatsu cho chome minato ku tokyo japan soyuzkarta vologradsij pr moscow ussr space camp alabama space and rocket center u s space camp tranquility base vectorspace blvd huntsville al titusville fl registration and mailing list are handled through huntsville both camps are described in the same brochure programs offered at space camp are space camp one week youngsters completing grades space academy i one week grades aviation challenge one week high school program grades space academy ii days college accredited grades adult program days editorial comment it s great teachers program days space commerce corporation u s agent for soviet launch services pluto drive th flr texas commerce tower colorado springs co houston tx spacehab maryland avenue sw suite west washington dc spot image corporation preston white drive reston va fax other commercial space businesses vincent cate maintains a list with addresses and some info for a variety of companies in space related businesses this is mailed out on the space investors list he runs see the network resources faq and is also available by anonymous ftp from furmint nectar cs cmu edu in usr vac ftp space companies next faq schedules for space missions and how to see them
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space faq upcoming planetary probes archive name space new probes last modified date upcoming planetary probes missions and schedules information on upcoming or currently active missions not mentioned below would be welcome sources nasa fact sheets cassini mission design team isas nasda launch schedules press kits asuka astro d isas japan x ray astronomy satellite launched into earth orbit on equipped with large area wide wavelength angstrom x ray telescope x ray ccd cameras and imaging gas scintillation proportional counters cassini saturn orbiter and titan atmosphere probe cassini is a joint nasa esa project designed to accomplish an exploration of the saturnian system with its cassini saturn orbiter and huygens titan probe cassini is scheduled for launch aboard a titan iv centaur in october of after gravity assists of venus earth and jupiter in a vvejga trajectory the spacecraft will arrive at saturn in june of upon arrival the cassini spacecraft performs several maneuvers to achieve an orbit around saturn near the end of this initial orbit the huygens probe separates from the orbiter and descends through the atmosphere of titan the orbiter relays the probe data to earth for about hours while the probe enters and traverses the cloudy atmosphere to the surface after the completion of the probe mission the orbiter continues touring the saturnian system for three and a half years titan synchronous orbit trajectories will allow about flybys of titan and targeted flybys of iapetus dione and enceladus the objectives of the mission are threefold conduct detailed studies of saturn s atmosphere rings and magnetosphere conduct close up studies of saturn s satellites and characterize titan s atmosphere and surface one of the most intriguing aspects of titan is the possibility that its surface may be covered in part with lakes of liquid hydrocarbons that result from photochemical processes in its upper atmosphere these hydrocarbons condense to form a global smog layer and eventually rain down onto the surface the cassini orbiter will use onboard radar to peer through titan s clouds and determine if there is liquid on the surface experiments aboard both the orbiter and the entry probe will investigate the chemical processes that produce this unique atmosphere the cassini mission is named for jean dominique cassini the first director of the paris observatory who discovered several of saturn s satellites and the major division in its rings the titan atmospheric entry probe is named for the dutch physicist christiaan huygens who discovered titan and first described the true nature of saturn s rings key scheduled dates for the cassini mission vvejga trajectory titan iv centaur launch venus gravity assist venus gravity assist earth gravity assist jupiter gravity assist saturn arrival titan probe release titan probe entry end of primary mission schedule last updated galileo jupiter orbiter and atmosphere probe in transit has returned the first resolved images of an asteroid gaspra while in transit to jupiter efforts to unfurl the stuck high gain antenna hga have essentially been abandoned jpl has developed a backup plan using data compression jpeg like for images lossless compression for data from the other instruments which should allow the mission to achieve approximately of its original objectives galileo schedule launch from space shuttle venus flyby venus data playback st earth flyby high gain antenna unfurled st asteroid belt passage asteroid gaspra flyby nd earth flyby nd asteroid belt passage asteroid ida flyby probe separation orbiter deflection maneuver orbital tour of jovian moons jupiter io encounter ganymede ganymede callisto europa ganymede europa europa jupiter magnetotail exploration hiten japanese isas lunar probe launched has made multiple lunar flybys released hagoromo a smaller satellite into lunar orbit this mission made japan the third nation to orbit a satellite around the moon magellan venus radar mapping mission has mapped almost the entire surface at high resolution currently collecting a global gravity map mars observer mars orbiter including m pixel resolution camera launched on a titan iii tos booster mo is currently in transit to mars arriving on operations will start for one martian year days topex poseidon joint us french earth observing satellite launched on an ariane booster the primary objective of the topex poseidon project is to make precise and accurate global observations of the sea level for several years substantially increasing understanding of global ocean dynamics the satellite also will increase understanding of how heat is transported in the ocean ulysses european space agency probe to study the sun from an orbit over its poles launched in late it carries particles and fields experiments such as magnetometer ion and electron collectors for various energy ranges plasma wave radio receivers etc but no camera since no human built rocket is hefty enough to send ulysses far out of the ecliptic plane it went to jupiter instead and stole energy from that planet by sliding over jupiter s north pole in a gravity assist manuver in february this bent its path into a solar orbit tilted about degrees to the ecliptic it will pass over the sun s south pole in the summer of its aphelion is au and surprisingly its perihelion is about au that s right a solar studies spacecraft that s always further from the sun than the earth is while in jupiter s neigborhood ulysses studied the magnetic and radiation environment for a short summary of these results see science v p september for gory technical detail see the many articles in the same issue other space science missions note this is based on a posting by ron baalke in with isas nasda information contributed by yoshiro yamada yamada yscvax ysc go jp i m attempting to track changes based on updated shuttle manifests corrections and updates are welcome missions o alexis spring pegasus alexis array of low energy x ray imaging sensors is to perform a wide field sky survey in the soft low energy x ray spectrum it will scan the entire sky every six months to search for variations in soft x ray emission from sources such as white dwarfs cataclysmic variable stars and flare stars it will also search nearby space for such exotic objects as isolated neutron stars and gamma ray bursters alexis is a project of los alamos national laboratory and is primarily a technology development mission that uses astrophysical sources to demonstrate the technology contact project investigator jeffrey j bloch jjb beta lanl gov for more information o wind aug delta ii rocket satellite to measure solar wind input to magnetosphere o space radar lab sep sts srl gather radar images of earth s surface o total ozone mapping spectrometer dec pegasus rocket study of stratospheric ozone o sfu space flyer unit isas conducting space experiments and observations and this can be recovered after it conducts the various scientific and engineering experiments sfu is to be launched by isas and retrieved by the u s space shuttle on sts in o polar auroral plasma physics may delta ii rocket june measure solar wind and ions and gases surrounding the earth o iml sts nasda jul iml international microgravity laboratory o adeos nasda advanced earth observing satellite o muses b mu space engineering satellite b isas conducting research on the precise mechanism of space structure and in space astronomical observations of electromagnetic waves lunar a isas elucidating the crust structure and thermal construction of the moon s interior proposed missions o advanced x ray astronomy facility axaf possible launch from shuttle in axaf is a space observatory with a high resolution telescope it would orbit for years and study the mysteries and fate of the universe o earth observing system eos possible launch in of us orbiting space platforms to provide long term data years of earth systems science including planetary evolution o mercury observer possible launch o lunar observer possible launch would be sent into a long term lunar orbit the observer from miles above the moon s poles would survey characteristics to provide a global context for the results from the apollo program o space infrared telescope facility possible launch by shuttle in this is the th element of the great observatories program a free flying observatory with a lifetime of to years it would observe new comets and other primitive bodies in the outer solar system study cosmic birth formation of galaxies stars and planets and distant infrared emitting galaxies o mars rover sample return mrsr robotics rover would return samples of mars atmosphere and surface to earch for analysis possible launch dates for imaging orbiter for rover o fire and ice possible launch in will use a gravity assist flyby of earth in and use a final gravity assist from jupiter in where the probe will split into its fire and ice components the fire probe will journey into the sun taking measurements of our star s upper atmosphere until it is vaporized by the intense heat the ice probe will head out towards pluto reaching the tiny world for study by next faq controversial questions
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space faq calculations archive name space math last modified date performing calculations and interpreting data formats computing spacecraft orbits and trajectories references that have been frequently recommended on the net are fundamentals of astrodynamics roger bate donald mueller jerry white dover press pp us paperback isbn nasa spaceflight handbooks dating from the s sp orbital flight handbook parts sp lunar flight handbook parts sp planetary flight handbook parts these might be found in university aeronautics libraries or ordered through the us govt printing office gpo although more information would probably be needed to order them m a minovitch the determination and characteristics of ballistic interplanetary trajectories under the influence of multiple planetary attractions technical report jet propulsion laboratory pasadena calif oct the title says all starts of with the basics and works its way up very good it has a companion article m minovitch utilizing large planetary perubations for the design of deep space solar probe and out of ecliptic trajectories technical report jpl pasadena calif you need to read the first one first to realy understand this one it does include a short summary if you can only find the second contact jpl for availability of these reports spacecraft attitude dynamics peter c hughes john wiley and sons celestial mechanics a computational guide for the practitioner lawrence g taff wiley interscience new york starts with the basics body problem coordinates and works up to orbit determinations perturbations and differential corrections taff also briefly discusses stellar dynamics including a short discussion of n body problems computing planetary positions more net references van flandern pullinen low precision formulae for planetary positions astrophysical j supp series look in an astronomy or physics library for this also said to be available from willmann bell gives series to compute positions accurate to arc minute for a period or years from now pluto is included but stated to have an accuracy of only about arc minutes multiyear interactive computer almanac mica produced by the us naval observatory valid for years outside us available for ibm order pb hdv or macintosh order pb hdv from the ntis sales desk i believe this is intended to replace the usno s interactive computer ephemeris interactive computer ephemeris from the us naval observatory distributed on ibm pc floppy disks willmann bell covers dates planetary programs and tables from to bretagnon simon willmann bell floppy disks available separately fundamentals of celestial mechanics nd ed j m a danby willmann bell a good fundamental text includes basic programs a companion set of floppy disks is available separately astronomical formulae for calculators th ed j meeus willmann bell astronomical algorithms j meeus willmann bell if you actively use one of the editions of astronomical formulae for calculators you will want to replace it with astronomical algorithms this new book is more oriented towards computers than calculators and contains formulae for planetary motion based on modern work by the jet propulsion laboratory the u s naval observatory and the bureau des longitudes the previous books were all based on formulae mostly developed in the last century algorithms available separately on diskette practical astronomy with your calculator rd ed p duffett smith cambridge university press orbits for amateurs with a microcomputer d tattersfield stanley thornes ltd includes example programs in basic orbits for amateurs ii d tattersfield john wiley sons astronomy scientific software catalog of shareware public domain and commercial software for ibm and other pcs astronomy software includes planetarium simulations ephemeris generators astronomical databases solar system simulations satellite tracking programs celestial mechanics simulators and more andromeda software inc p o box amherst ny computing crater diameters from earth impacting asteroids astrogeologist gene shoemaker proposes the following formula based on studies of cratering caused by nuclear tests d s s c k w crater diameter in km g p f n s g g gravity correction factor for bodies other than g e t earth where g m s and g is the surface e t gravity of the target body this scaling is cited for lunar craters and may hold true for other bodies s p p correction factor for target density p p a t t p g cm for alluvium at the jangle u a crater site p g cm for average rock on the continental shields c crater collapse factor for craters km in diameter for larger craters on earth k km kt tnt equivalent n empirically determined from the jangle u nuclear test crater w pi d delta v projectile kinetic energy in kt tnt equivalent given diameter d velocity v and projectile density delta in cgs units delta of around g cm is fairly good for an asteroid an rms velocity of v km sec may be used for earth crossing asteroids under these assumptions the body which created the barringer meteor crater in arizona km diameter would have been about meters in diameter more generally one can use after gehrels asteroid number of objects impact probability impact energy diameter km impacts year ergs assuming simple scaling laws note that ergs tons tnt equivalent or the energy released by the hiroshima a bomb references gehrels t asteroids and comets physics today an excellent general overview of the subject for the layman shoemaker e m asteroid and comet bombardment of the earth ann rev earth planet sci very long and fairly technical but a comprehensive examination of the subject shoemaker e m j g williams e f helin r f wolfe earth crossing asteroids orbital classes collision rates with earth and origin in asteroids t gehrels ed pp university of arizona press tucson cunningham c j introduction to asteroids the next frontier richmond willman bell inc covers all aspects of asteroid studies and is an excellent introduction to the subject for people of all experience levels it also has a very extensive reference list covering essentially all of the reference material in the field map projections and spherical trignometry two easy to find sources of map projections are the encyclopaedia brittanica particularly the older volumes and a tutorial appearing in graphics gems academic press the latter was written with simplicity of exposition and suitability of digital computation in mind spherical trig formulae also appear as do digitally plotted examples more than you ever cared to know about map projections is in john snyder s usgs publication map projections a working manual usgs professional paper this contains detailed descriptions of projections with history features projection formulas for both spherical earth and ellipsoidal earth and numerical test cases it s a neat book all pages worth this one s you might also want the companion volume by snyder and philip voxland an album of map projections usgs professional paper this contains less detail on about projections and variants formulas are in the back example plots in the front pages you can order these ways the cheap slow way is direct from usgs earth science information center us geological survey national center reston va usa maps they can quote you a price and tell you where to send your money expect a week turnaround time a much faster way about week is through timely discount topos w th drive suite broomfield co call them and tell them what you want they ll quote a price you send a check and then they go to usgs customer service counter and pick it up for you add about a service charge plus shipping a perhaps more accessible mapping article is r miller and f reddy mapping the world in pascal byte v december contains turbo pascal procedures for five common map projections a demo program cartog pas and a small point coastline data is available on compuserve genie and many bbss some references for spherical trignometry are spherical astronomy w m smart cambridge u press a compendium of spherical astronomy s newcomb dover spherical astronomy r m green cambridge u press update of smart spherical astronomy e woolard and g clemence academic press performing n body simulations efficiently computer simulation using particles r w hockney and j w eastwood adam hilger bristol and philadelphia the rapid evaluation of potential fields in particle systems l greengard mit press a breakthrough o n simulation method has been parallelized l greengard and v rokhlin a fast algorithm for particle simulations journal of computational physics an o n algorithm for three dimensional n body simulations msee thesis feng zhao mit ailab technical report galactic dynamics j binney s tremaine princeton u press princeton includes an o n fortran code written by aarseth a pioneer in the field hierarchical n log n tree methods are described in these papers a w appel an efficient program for many body simulation siam journal of scientific and statistical computing vol p barnes hut a hierarchical o n log n force calculation algorithm nature v dec l hernquist hierarchical n body methods computer physics communications vol p interpreting the fits image format if you just need to examine fits images use the ppm package see the comp graphics faq to convert them to your preferred format for more information on the format and other software to read and write it see the sci astro fits faq sky unix ephemeris program the th edition of the unix operating system came with several software systems not distributed because of older media capacity limitations included were an ephmeris a satellite track and speech synthesis software the ephmeris sky is available within at t and to sites possessing a unix source code license the program is regarded as unix source code sky is mb send proof of source code license to e miya ms nasa ames research center moffett field ca eugene orville nas nasa gov three dimensional star galaxy coordinates to generate d coordinates of astronomical objects first obtain an astronomical database which specifies right ascension declination and parallax for the objects convert parallax into distance using the formula in part of the faq convert ra and declination to coordinates on a unit sphere see some of the references on planetary positions and spherical trignometry earlier in this section for details on this and scale this by the distance two databases useful for this purpose are the yale bright star catalog sources listed in faq section or the catalogue of stars within parsecs of the sun in pub space faq stars data and stars doc on ames arc nasa gov next faq references on specific areas
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astro space frequently seen acronyms archive name space acronyms edition acronym list for sci astro sci space and sci space shuttle edition dec last posted aug this list is offered as a reference for translating commonly appearing acronyms in the space related newsgroups if i forgot or botched your favorite acronym please let me know also if there s an acronym not on this list that confuses you drop me a line and if i can figure it out i ll add it to the list note that this is intended to be a reference for frequently seen acronyms and is most emphatically not encyclopedic if i incorporated every acronym i ever saw i d soon run out of disk space the list will be posted at regular intervals every days all comments regarding it are welcome i m reachable as bradfrd ncar ucar edu note that this just tells what the acronyms stand for you re on your own for figuring out what they mean note also that the total number of acronyms in use far exceeds what i can list special purpose acronyms that are essentially always explained as they re introduced are omitted further some acronyms stand for more than one thing as of edition of the list these acronyms appear on multiple lines unless they re simply different ways of referring to the same thing thanks to everybody who s sent suggestions since the first version of the list and especially to garrett a wollman wollman griffin uvm edu who is maintaining an independent list somewhat more verbose in character than mine and to daniel fischer dfi specklec mpifr bonn mpg de who is maintaining a truly huge list at last count of acronyms and terms mostly in german which i read fortunately special thanks this time to ken hollis at nasa who sent me a copy of nasa reference publication revised space transportation system and associated payloads glossary acronyms and abbreviations a truly mammoth tome almost pages of tlas special bonus at the end of this posting you will find a perl program written by none other than larry wall whose purpose is to scramble the acronym list in an entertaining fashion thanks larry a a astronomy and astrophysics aao anglo australian observatory aas american astronomical society aas american astronautical society aavso american association of variable star observers ace advanced composition explorer acrv assured crew return vehicle or astronaut crew rescue vehicle adfrf ames dryden flight research facility was dfrf nasa agn active galactic nucleus agu american geophysical union aiaa american institute of aeronautics and astronautics aips astronomical image processing system aj astronomical journal alexis array of low energy x ray imaging sensors alpo association of lunar and planetary observers als advanced launch system ansi american national standards institute aoa abort once around shuttle abort plan aocs attitude and orbit control system ap j astrophysical journal apm attached pressurized module a k a columbus apu auxiliary power unit arc ames research center nasa artemis advanced relay technology mission asa astronomical society of the atlantic asi agenzia spaziale italiano asrm advanced solid rocket motor atdrs advanced tracking and data relay satellite atlas atmospheric laboratory for applications and science atm amateur telescope maker ato abort to orbit shuttle abort plan au astronomical unit aura association of universities for research in astronomy aw st aviation week and space technology a k a avleak axaf advanced x ray astrophysics facility batse burst and transient source experiment on cgro bbxrt broad band x ray telescope astro package bem bug eyed monster bh black hole bima berkeley illinois maryland array bnsc british national space centre btw by the way c t communications tracking ccafs cape canaveral air force station ccd charge coupled device ccds centers for the commercial development of space cd rom compact disk read only memory cfa center for astrophysics cfc chlorofluorocarbon cff columbus free flyer cfht canada france hawaii telescope cgro arthur holley compton gamma ray observatory was gro chara center for high angular resolution astronomy cirris cryogenic infrared radiance instrument for shuttle cit circumstellar imaging telescope cm command module apollo spacecraft cmcc central mission control centre esa cnes centre national d etude spatiales cno carbon nitrogen oxygen cnsr comet nucleus sample return cobe cosmic background explorer comptel compton telescope on cgro costar corrective optics space telescope axial replacement craf comet rendezvous asteroid flyby crres combined release radiation effects satellite csm command and service module apollo spacecraft cstc consolidated satellite test center usaf ctio cerro tololo interamerican observatory dcx delta clipper experimental ddcu dc to dc converter unit dfrf dryden flight research facility now adfrf dmsp defense meteorological satellite program dod department of defense sometimes dod doe department of energy dot department of transportation dscs defense satellite communications system dsn deep space network dsp defense support program usaf nro eafb edwards air force base ecs environmental control system edo extended duration orbiter egret energetic gamma ray experiment telescope on cgro ejasa electronic journal of the astronomical society of the atlantic elv expendable launch vehicle emu extravehicular mobility unit eos earth observing system ers earth resources satellite as in ers esa european space agency eso european southern observatory et shuttle external tank etla extended three letter acronym etr eastern test range euv extreme ultraviolet euve extreme ultraviolet explorer eva extravehicular activity faq frequently asked questions fast fast auroral snapshot explorer fft fast fourier transform fgs fine guidance sensors on hst fhst fixed head star trackers on hst fir far infrared fits flexible image transport system foc faint object camera on hst fos faint object spectrograph on hst frr flight readiness review ftp file transfer protocol fts flight telerobotic servicer fuse far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer fwhm full width at half maximum fyi for your information gas get away special gbt green bank telescope gcvs general catalog of variable stars gem giotto extended mission geo geosynchronous earth orbit gds great dark spot ghrs goddard high resolution spectrograph on hst gif graphics interchange format glomr global low orbiting message relay gmc giant molecular cloud gmrt giant meter wave radio telescope gmt greenwich mean time also called ut goes geostationary orbiting environmental satellite gox gaseous oxygen gpc general purpose computer gps global positioning system gro gamma ray observatory now cgro grs gamma ray spectrometer on mars observer grs great red spot gsc guide star catalog for hst gsfc goddard space flight center nasa gto geostationary transfer orbit hao high altitude observatory hd henry draper catalog entry heao high energy astronomical observatory hera hermes robotic arm hf high frequency hga high gain antenna hlc heavy lift capability hlv heavy lift vehicle hmc halley multicolor camera on giotto hr hertzsprung russell diagram hri high resolution imager on rosat hsp high speed photometer on hst hst hubble space telescope hut hopkins ultraviolet telescope astro package hv high voltage iappp international amateur professional photoelectric photometry iau international astronomical union iauc iau circular ice international cometary explorer ida international dark sky association idl interactive data language igm intergalactic medium igy international geophysical year imho in my humble opinion iota infrared optical telescope array iota international occultation timing association ips inertial pointing system ir infrared iraf image reduction and analysis facility iras infrared astronomical satellite isas institute of space and astronautical science japan ism interstellar medium iso infrared space observatory iso international standards organization ispm international solar polar mission now ulysses isy international space year iue international ultraviolet explorer ius inertial upper stage jem japanese experiment module for ssf jgr journal of geophysical research jila joint institute for laboratory astrophysics jpl jet propulsion laboratory jsc johnson space center nasa kao kuiper airborne observatory kpno kitt peak national observatory ksc kennedy space center nasa ktb cretaceous tertiary boundary from german lanl los alamos national laboratory larc langley research center nasa ldef long duration exposure facility lem lunar excursion module a k a lm apollo spacecraft leo low earth orbit lerc lewis research center nasa lest large earth based solar telescope lfsa list of frequently seen acronyms lga low gain antenna lgm little green men lh liquid hydrogen also lh or lhx llnl lawrence livermore national laboratory lm lunar module a k a lem apollo spacecraft lmc large magellanic cloud ln liquid n nitrogen lox liquid oxygen lrb liquid rocket booster lsr local standard of rest ltp lunar transient phenomenon mb manned base mcc mission control center meco main engine cutoff mmh monomethyl hydrazine mmt multiple mirror telescope mmu manned maneuvering unit mnras monthly notices of the royal astronomical society moc mars observer camera on mars observer mol manned orbiting laboratory mola mars observer laser altimeter on mars observer momv manned orbital maneuvering vehicle motv manned orbital transfer vehicle mpc minor planets circular mrsr mars rover and sample return mrsrm mars rover and sample return mission msfc george c marshall space flight center nasa mtc man tended capability naca national advisory committee on aeronautics became nasa nasa national aeronautics and space administration nasda national space development agency japan nasm national air and space museum nasp national aerospace plane nbs national bureau of standards now nist ndv nasp derived vehicle nerva nuclear engine for rocket vehicle application ngc new general catalog nicmos near infrared camera multi object spectrometer hst upgrade nims near infrared mapping spectrometer on galileo nir near infrared nist national institute for standards and technology was nbs nldp national launch development program noaa national oceanic and atmospheric administration noao national optical astronomy observatories nrao national radio astronomy observatory nro national reconnaissance office ns neutron star nsa national security agency nsf national science foundation nso national solar observatory nssdc national space science data center ntr nuclear thermal rocket ry ntt new technology telescope oao orbiting astronomical observatory ocst office of commercial space transportation omb office of management and budget oms orbital maneuvering system opf orbiter processing facility orfeus orbiting and retrievable far and extreme ultraviolet spectrometer osc orbital sciences corporation oscar orbiting satellite carrying amateur radio ossa office of space science and applications osse oriented scintillation spectrometer experiment on cgro ota optical telescope assembly on hst othb over the horizon backscatter otv orbital transfer vehicle ov orbital vehicle pam payload assist module pam d payload assist module delta class pi principal investigator plss portable life support system pm pressurized module pmc permanently manned capability pmirr pressure modulated infrared radiometer on mars observer pmt photomultiplier tube psf point spread function psr pulsar pv photovoltaic pvo pioneer venus orbiter qso quasi stellar object rci rodent cage interface for sls mission rcs reaction control system rem rat enclosure module for sls mission rf radio frequency rfi radio frequency interference riacs research institute for advanced computer science rms remote manipulator system rngc revised new general catalog rosat roentgen satellite rous rodents of unusual size i don t believe they exist rsn real soon now rtg radioisotope thermoelectric generator rtls return to launch site shuttle abort plan saa south atlantic anomaly saga solar array gain augmentation for hst sampex solar anomalous and magnetospheric particle explorer sao smithsonian astrophysical observatory sar search and rescue sar synthetic aperture radar sara satellite pour astronomie radio amateur sarex search and rescue exercise sarex shuttle amateur radio experiment sas space activity suit sas space adaptation syndrome sat synthetic aperture telescope s c spacecraft sca shuttle carrier aircraft sct schmidt cassegrain telescope sdi strategic defense initiative sdio strategic defense initiative organization sei space exploration initiative sest swedish eso submillimeter telescope seti search for extraterrestrial intelligence sid sudden ionospheric disturbance sir shuttle imaging radar sirtf space formerly shuttle infrared telescope facility sl spacelab slar side looking airborne radar slc space launch complex sls space lab life sciences smc small magellanic cloud sme solar mesosphere explorer smex small explorers smm solar maximum mission sn supernova e g sn a snr signal to noise ratio snr supernova remnant snu solar neutrino units sofia stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy soho solar heliospheric observatory span space physics and analysis network spdm special purpose dextrous manipulator spot systeme probatoire pour l observation de la terre sps solar power satellite srb solid rocket booster srm solid rocket motor ssf space station fred er freedom ssi solid state imager on galileo ssi space studies institut ssme space shuttle main engine sspf space station processing facility ssrms space station remote manipulator system sst spectroscopic survey telescope sst supersonic transport ssto single stage to orbit stis space telescope imaging spectrometer to replace foc and ghrs sts shuttle transport system or space transportation system stsci space telescope science institute swas submillimeter wave astronomy satellite swf shortwave fading tal transatlantic abort landing shuttle abort plan tau thousand astronomical unit mission tcs thermal control system tdrs tracking and data relay satellite tdrss tracking and data relay satellite system tes thermal emission spectrometer on mars observer tiros television infrared observation satellite tla three letter acronym toms total ozone mapping spectrometer tps thermal protection system tss tethered satellite system uars upper atmosphere research satellite ubm unpressurized berthing mechanism udmh unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine ufo unidentified flying object ugc uppsala general catalog uhf ultra high frequency uit ultraviolet imaging telescope astro package ukst united kingdom schmidt telescope usaf united states air force usmp united states microgravity payload ut universal time a k a gmt utc or zulu time utc coordinated universal time a k a ut uv ultraviolet uvs ultraviolet spectrometer vab vehicle assembly building formerly vertical assembly building vafb vandenberg air force base veega venus earth earth gravity assist galileo flight path vhf very high frequency vla very large array vlba very long baseline array vlbi very long baseline interferometry vlf very low frequency vlt very large telescope vms vertical motion simulator voir venus orbiting imaging radar superseded by vrm vpf vertical processing facility vrm venus radar mapper now called magellan wd white dwarf wfpc wide field planetary camera on hst wfpcii replacement for wfpc wiyn wisconsin indiana yale noao telescope wsmr white sands missile range wtr western test range wuppe wisconsin ultraviolet photopolarimter experiment astro package xmm x ray multi mirror xuv extreme ultraviolet yso young stellar object usr bin perl alt an acronym scrambling program by larry wall threshold srand while next unless a z s key acro key words split w unshift words key off foreach word words next unless word a z w vec w word off foreach letter a z w letter w keys w if w threshold d egrep letter usr dict words chop d push w d foreach key sort keys acro off acro acro key acro s a z a z a z pick off eg print key acro sub pick local letter prefix oldword off i if length prefix index key prefix if prefix eq oldword prefix else prefix letter if length prefix local w substr prefix do word w rand w until word ne oldword word prefix i i word s prefix prefix i word elsif length prefix local w prefix do word w rand w until word ne oldword vec w word off i word u l word if word tr a z a z word else local w substr oldword do word w rand w until word ne oldword word tr a z a z i word mark bradford bradfrd ncar ucar edu to err is human to moo bovine it s an ill wind that gathers no moss
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re hlv for fred was re prefab space station in article c a gzx news cso uiuc edu jbh uxa cso uiuc edu josh hopkins writes titan iv launches ain t cheap granted but that s because titan iv s are bought by the governemnt titan iii is actually the cheapest way to put a pound in space of all us expendable launchers in that case it s rather ironic that they are doing so poorly on the commercial market is there a single titan iii on order the problem with commercial titan is that mm has made little or no attempt to market it they re basically happy with their government business and don t want to have to learn how to sell commercially a secondary problem is that it is a bit big they d need to go after multi satellite launches a la ariane and that complicates the marketing task quite significantly they also had some problems with launch facilities at just the wrong time to get them started properly if memory serves the pad used for the mars observer launch had just come out of heavy refurbishment work that had prevented launches from it for a year or so there have been a few ct launches mars observer was one of them so was that stranded intelsat and at least one of its brothers that reached orbit properly all work is one man s work henry spencer u of toronto zoology kipling henry zoo toronto edu utzoo henry
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re space research spin off in article c zxa k zoo toronto edu henry zoo toronto edu henry spencer writes in article ppm j ip access digex net prb access digex com pat writes i thought the area rule was pioneered by boeing nasa guys developed the rule but no one knew if it worked until boeing built the hardware and maybe the fb nope the decisive triumph of the area rule was when convair s yf contractually commmitted to being a mach fighter and actually found to be incapable of going supersonic in level flight was turned into the area ruled yf a which met the specs this was well before either the or the fb the flew in late and convair spent most of the first half of figuring out what went wrong and most of the second half building the first a all work is one man s work henry spencer u of toronto zoology kipling henry zoo toronto edu utzoo henry good thing i stuck in a couple of question marks up there i seem to recall somebody built or at least proposed a wasp waisetd passenger civil transport i thought it was a but maybe it was a dc sure it had a funny passenger compartment but on the other hand it seemed to save fuel i thought area rules applied even before transonic speeds just not as badly pat
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orbit data help needed i have the osculating elements at perigee of an orbit which i need to convert to something useful preferably distance from the earth in evenly spaced time intervals a gsm coordinate system is preferable but i convert from other systems c pascal or fortran code or if you can point me to a book or something that d be great here s the first few lines of the file x a x a x i x a x e x a x e sma semi major axis ecc eccentricity inc inclination omg ra of ascending node pom argument of pericentre tra true anomaly hap apocentre height hpe pericentre height beg e sma e ecc e inc e omg e pom e tra e hap e hpe e ref e sma e ecc e inc e omg e pom e tra e hap e hpe e thanks in advance larry kepko lkepko igpp ucla edu
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re nuclear waste in article rins ryukoku ac jp will rins ryukoku ac jp william reiken writes the real reason why accelerator breeders or incinerators are not being built is that there isn t any reason to do so natural uranium is still too cheap and geological disposal of actinides looks technically reasonable november december page science and technology in japan seawater uranium recovery experiment the ground uranium reserves are estimated at about million tons and it is anticipated that the demand and supply balance will collapse by the end of the th century in japan a resources poor country technological development are now under way to economically collect uranium dissolved in seawater the total quanity of uranium dissolved in seawater is estimated to be about billion tons a huge amount when compared with ground uranium reserves i hate to pour cold water on this but currently seawater extracted uranium even using the new improved fiber absorbers from japan is about times more expensive than uranium on the spot market uranium is very cheap right now around lb right now there are mines closing because they can t compete with places like cigar lake in canada where the ore is so rich they present safety hazards to the mines who work in shielded vehicles plenty of other sources for example uranium from phosphate processing would come on line before uranium reached lb demand and supply balance will collapse is nonsense supply and demand always balance what changes is the price is uranium going to increase in price by a factor of by the end of the century not bloody likely new nuclear reactors are not being built at a sufficient rate uranium from seawater is interesting but it s a long term project or a project that the japanese might justify on grounds of self sufficiency paul f dietz dietz cs rochester edu
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nasa dis incentives questions and issues wrt congress raised and discussed dennis replies now black when it is white is just white except that when black is called white money is put into the system in a study to find out just when it is justified to call black white it is also apparant that when white is called black just the opposite occurs now white is a color but when white is called black it calls into question the validity of the color spectrum it is a given however that nasa nor the military whose competence in differentating black from white is well known remember the black and white paint on the saturn v rocket that nothing will occur here either when black and white are used by congress who cares nothing for results just more money for pork barrel jobs brought about by the black white controversy dennis why must you always see things in black and white terms tommy mac tom mcwilliams wk as the radius of vision increases tm ibm cl msu edu hm the circumference of mystery grows
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re alaska pipeline and space station in article apr mksol dseg ti com mccall mksol dseg ti com fred j mccall writes i think this would be a great way to build it but unfortunately current spending rules don t permit it to be workable for this to work it would be necessary for the government to guarantee a certain minimum amount of business in order to sufficiently reduce the risk enough to make this attractive to a private firm since they generally can t allocate money except one year at a time the government can t provide such a tenant guarantee fred try reading a bit the government does lots of multi year contracts with penalty for cancellation clauses they just like to be damn sure they know what they are doing before they sign a multi year contract the reason they aren t cutting defense spending as much as they would like is the reagan administration signed enough multi year contracts that it s now cheaper to just finish them out look at ssf this years funding is billion of which will cover penalty clauses due to the re design pat
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el sets i am looking for a source of orbital element sets other than uaf space command i believe there is one on compuserve please let me know what other possible sources there are and how i can reach them thanks much
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re vulcan no not the guy with the ears victor inqmind bison mb ca victor laking writes does anyone have any info on the apparent sightings of vulcan all that i know is that there were apparently two sightings at drastically different times of a small planet that was inside mercury s orbit beyond that i have no other info does anyone know anything more specific yes this happened long before star trek and is apparently where they got the reference for the guy with the ears yes long before star trek before einstein in fact vulcan as a planet inside mercury was hypothesized to explain a perturbation of mercury s orbit that could not be explained by the known planets but einstein s theory of relativity explained mercury s motion and analysis of mercury s motion now shows there are not any planets inside its orbit mike
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griffin office of exploration rip any comments on the absorbtion of the office of exploration into the office of space sciences and the reassignment of griffin to the chief engineer position is this just a meaningless administrative shuffle or does this bode ill for sei in my opinion this seems like a bad thing at least on the surface griffin seemed to be someone who was actually interested in getting things done and who was willing to look an innovative approaches to getting things done faster better and cheaper it s unclear to me whether he will be able to do this at his new position does anyone know what his new duties will be brian yamauchi case western reserve university yamauchi alpha ces cwru edu department of computer engineering and science
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funding for nasa i am doing a political science paper on the funding of nasa and pork barrel politics i would be interested in information about funding practices and histories of some of the major programs apollo sts ssf etc and the funding of ssto to contrast could someone please recommend some sources that would be useful thank you sean gallagher gallas rpi edu
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8,179 |
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alaska pipeline and space station on date apr gmt ralph buttigieg ralph buttigieg f n z fido zeta org au writes why can t the government just be a tennant private commercial concerns could just build a space station system and charge rent to the government financed researchers wanting to use it i believe that this was the thought behind the industrial space facility i don t remember all the details but i think space services wanted nasa to sign an anchor tenancy deal in order to help secure some venture capital but nasa didn t like the deal i m sure i ll hear about it if i m wrong disclaimer opinions stated are solely my own unless i change my mind ben muniz munizb rwtms decnet consrt rockwell com w space station freedom rocketdyne rockwell structural loads and dynamics man will not fly for fifty years wilbur to orville wright
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8,180 |
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long island was why use ac at khz for ssf power on date fri apr gmt edmund hack arabia hack writes in article pgdno t access digex net prb access digex com pat writes i always thought gd s fighter plants were in long island no northrup has a plant on long island i don t think northrup ever had a plant on long island the two main airframe manufacturers there were fairchild republic which closed its doors after the t cancellation and grumman which is still hanging on last i time i called i think sperry also started there if you re ever in the area check out the cradle of aviation museum at mitchell field now mostly parking lots behind the nassau coliseum and the community college good display of vehicles from long island including a lem flight article disclaimer opinions stated are solely my own unless i change my mind ben muniz munizb rwtms decnet consrt rockwell com w space station freedom rocketdyne rockwell structural loads and dynamics man will not fly for fifty years wilbur to orville wright
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how do they ignite the ssme on date sat apr gmt paul dietz dietz cs rochester edu writes in essence holding a match under the nozzle is just nuts one thing you absolutely must do in such an engine is to guarantee that the propellants ignite as soon as they mix within milliseconds to do otherwise is to fill your engine with a high explosive mixture which when it finally does ignite blows everything to hell definitely in one of the reports of an early test conducted by rocketdyne at their santa susanna field lab the hill above the san fernando and simi valleys the result of a hung start was described as structural failure of the combustion chamber the inspection picture showed pumps with nothing below the cc had vaporized this was described in a class i took as a typical engineering understatement disclaimer opinions stated are solely my own unless i change my mind ben muniz munizb rwtms decnet consrt rockwell com w space station freedom rocketdyne rockwell structural loads and dynamics man will not fly for fifty years wilbur to orville wright
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8,182 |
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re vulcan no not the guy with the ears in article vnci b w w inqmind bison mb ca victor inqmind bison mb ca victor laking writes from victor inqmind bison mb ca victor laking subject vulcan no not the guy with the ears date sun apr cdt does anyone have any info on the apparent sightings of vulcan all that i know is that there were apparently two sightings at drastically different times of a small planet that was inside mercury s orbit beyond that i have no other info does anyone know anything more specific as i heard the story before albert came up the the theory o relativity and warped space nobody could account for mercury s orbit it ran a little fast i think for simple newtonian physics with the success in finding neptune to explain the odd movments of uranus it was postulated that there might be another inner planet to explain mercury s orbit it s unlikely anything bigger than an asteroid is closer to the sun than mercury i m sure we would have spotted it by now perhaps some professionals can confirm that james t green jgreen oboe calpoly edu heaven n a place where the wicked cease from troubling you with talk of their own personal affairs and the good listen with attention while you expound your own ambrose bierce the devil s dictionary
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8,183 |
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re comet in temporary orbit around jupiter shag aero org rob unverzagt writes in article apr kelvin jpl nasa gov baalke kelvin jpl nasa gov ron baalke writes according the iau circular comet shoemaker levy e may be temporarily in orbit around jupiter the comet had apparently made a close flyby of jupiter sometime in resulting in the breakup of the comet attempts to determine the comet s orbit has been complicated by the near impossibility of measuring the comet s center of mass am i missing something what does knowing the comet s center of mass do for you in orbit determination shag i m not sure but it almost sounds like they can t figure out where the nucleus is within the coma if they re off by a couple hundred miles well you can imagine the rest phil fraering seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff pgf srl cacs usl edu like how the ancient mayans had televison repo man
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8,184 |
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blow up space station easy way to do it this might a real wierd idea or maybe not i have seen where people have blown up ballons then sprayed material into them that then drys and makes hard walls why not do the same thing for a space station fly up the docking rings and baloon materials and such blow up the baloons spin then around i know a problem in micro gravity let them dry cure harden and cut a hole for the docking attaching ring and bingo a space station of course the ballons would have to be foil covered or someother radiation protective covering heat shield and the material used to make the wals would have to meet the out gasing and other specs or atleast the paint covering of the inner wall would have to be human safe maybe a special congrete or maybe the same material as makes caplets but with some changes saw where someone instea dof water put beer in the caplet mixture got a mix that was just as strong as congret but easier to carry around and such sorry for any spelling errors i missed school today grin why musta space station be so difficult why must we have girders why be confined to earth based ideas lets think new ideas after all space is not earth why be limited by earth based ideas michael adams nsmca acad alaska edu i m not high just jacked going crazy in nome alaska break up is here
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m supernova how bout some more info on that alleged supernova in m i might just break out the scope for this one no sir i don t like it mr horse dan kelo dkelo pepvax pepperdine edu
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8,186 |
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what if the ussr had reached the moon first suppose the soviets had managed to get their moon rocket working and had made it first they could have beaten us if either their rocket hadn t blown up on the pad thus setting them back and or a saturn v went boom if they had beaten us i speculate that the us would have gone head and done some landings but we also would have been more determined to set up a base both in earth orbit and on the moon whether or not we would be on mars by now would depend upon whether the soviets tried to go setting up a lunar base would have stretched the budgets of both nations and i think that the military value of a lunar base would outweigh the value of going to mars at least in the short run thus we would have concentrated on the moon james t green jgreen oboe calpoly edu i believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal before this decade is out of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth john f kennedy may
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8,187 |
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re portable small ground station dir in article c zgam nj zoo toronto edu henry zoo toronto edu henry spencer writes in article apr aurora alaska edu nsmca aurora alaska edu writes how difficult would it be to set up your own ground station ground station for what at one extreme some of the amateur radio satellites have sometimes been reachable with hand held radios at the other nothing you can do in your back yard will let you listen in on galileo please be more specific all work is one man s work henry spencer u of toronto zoology kipling henry zoo toronto edu utzoo henry specific basically to be able to do the things the big dadies can do monitor and control if need be the shuttle such as the one in australia and such michael adams nsmca acad alaska edu i m not high just jacked
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re space research spin off shafer rigel dfrf nasa gov mary shafer writes on apr prb access digex com pat said pat in article apr aurora alaska edu pat nsmca aurora alaska edu writes question is can someone give me examples of direct nasa space related research that helped humanity in general it will be interesting to see pat tang mylar i think i think they also pushed hi tech pat composites for airframes look at fly by wire swept wings if you fly in airliners you ve reaped the benefits didn t one of the early jet fighters have these i also think the germans did some work on these in wwii winglets area ruling digital fly by wire ride smoothing a lot of this was also done by the military microwave landing systems supercritical wings general aviation air foils weren t the first microwave landing systems from wwii too mary shafer dod kotfr nasa dryden flight research facility edwards ca shafer rigel dfrf nasa gov of course i don t speak for nasa a mig at your six is better than no mig at all unknown us fighter pilot egad i m disagreeing with mary shafer phil fraering seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff pgf srl cacs usl edu like how the ancient mayans had televison repo man
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8,189 |
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re griffin office of exploration rip yamauchi ces cwru edu brian yamauchi writes any comments on the absorbtion of the office of exploration into the office of space sciences and the reassignment of griffin to the chief engineer position is this just a meaningless administrative shuffle or does this bode ill for sei in my opinion this seems like a bad thing at least on the surface griffin seemed to be someone who was actually interested in getting things done and who was willing to look an innovative approaches to getting things done faster better and cheaper it s unclear to me whether he will be able to do this at his new position does anyone know what his new duties will be first i ve heard of it offhand griffin is no longer an office head so that s bad on the other hand regress seemed to think we can t fund anything by griffin because that would mean and we have the lies by the old hardliners about the billion mars mission to prove it that we would be buying into a mission to mars that would cost billion therefore there will be no artemis or million dollar lunar orbiter et cetera they were killing griffin s main program simply because some sycophants somewhere had congress beleivin that to do so would simply be to buy into the same old stuff sorta like not giving aid to yeltsin because he s a communist hardliner at least now the sort of reforms griffin was trying to bring forward won t be trapped in their own little easily contained and defunded ghetto that griffin is staying in some capacity is very very very good and if he brings something up noone can say why don t you go back to the ose where you belong and where he couldn t even get money for design studies phil fraering seems like every day we find out all sorts of stuff pgf srl cacs usl edu like how the ancient mayans had televison repo man
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8,190 |
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re dc x vehicle nears flight test in article c zhkw dn zoo toronto edu henry zoo toronto edu henry spencer writes in article snap paj uk co gec mrc paul johnson writes this bit interests me how much automatic control is there is it purely autonomous or is there some degree of ground control the stick and rudder man is always the onboard computer the computer normally gets its orders from a stored program but they can be overridden from the ground how is the transition from aerodynamic flight if thats what it is to hover accomplished this is the really new part it s also one of the tricky parts there are four different ideas and dc x will probably end up trying all of them this is from talking to mitch burnside clapp who s one of the dc x test pilots at making orbit pop a drogue chute from the nose light the engines once the thing stabilizes base first simple and reliable heavy shock loads on an area of structure that doesn t otherwise carry major loads needs a door in the hot part of the structure a door whose operation is mission critical switch off pitch stability the dc is aerodynamically unstable at subsonic speeds wait for it to flip and catch it at degrees then light engines a bit scary light the engines and use thrust vectoring to push the tail around probably the preferred method in the long run tricky because of the fuel feed plumbing the fuel will start off in the tops of the tanks then slop down to the bottoms during the flip keeping the engines properly fed will be complicated build up speed in a dive then pull up hard losing a lot of speed this thing s l d is not that great until it s headed up and the vertical velocity drops to zero at which point it starts to fall tail first light engines also a bit scary and you probably don t have enough altitude left to try again all work is one man s work henry spencer u of toronto zoology kipling henry zoo toronto edu utzoo henry since the dc x is to take off horizontal why not land that way why do the martian landing thing or am i missing something don t know to much about dc x and such overly obvious why not just fall to earth like the russian crafts parachute in then michael adams nsmca acad alaska edu i m not high just jacked please enlighten me ignorance is easy to correct make a mistake and everyone will let you know you messed up
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alaska pipeline and space station go commerical sounds liek what the fed has to do is sign a or more year lease to use certain parts of a space station that is built and designed and such by a commerical company or consortium of companies such as like alyeska for a small amount of rent in return for certain incentives and such such as tax and other right off and also a monopoly on certain products the commerical builders would have certain perks given to them to make there end easier taxes contracts regulatory concesions and such is it workable just might work after all if china can lease out hong kong and the people of hong kong can make money this could work michael adams nsmca acad alaska edu i m not high just jacked
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8,192 |
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re terraforming venus can it be done cheaply would someone please send me james oberg s email address if he has one and if someone reading this list knows it i wanted to send him a comment on something in his terraforming book paul f dietz dietz cs rochester edu potential explosive yield of the annual global production of borax million megatons
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mach landing site bases the supersonic booms hear a few months ago over i belive san fran heading east of what i heard some new super speed mach aircraft what military based int he direction of flight are there that could handle a mach aircraft on its landing decent odd question michael adams nsmca acad alaska edu i m not high just jacked
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re nuclear waste in article mar mksol dseg ti com mccall mksol dseg ti com fred j mccall writes just a bit off phil we don t reprocess nuclear fuel because what you get from the reprocessing plant is bomb grade plutonium it is also cheaper given current prices of things to simply fabricate new fuel rods rather than reprocess the old ones creating potentially dangerous materials from a national security point of view and then fabricate that back into fuel rods fabricating with reprocessed plutonium may result in something that may go kind of boom but its hardly decent bomb grade plutonium if you want bomb grade plutonium use a research reactor not a power reactor but if you want a bomb don t use plutonium use uranium kenneth ng please reply to ken eies njit edu for now all this might be an elaborate simulation running in a little device sitting on someone s table j l picard st tng
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8,195 |
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re griffin office of exploration rip yamauchi ces cwru edu brian yamauchi writes any comments on the absorbtion of the office of exploration into the office of space sciences and the reassignment of griffin to the chief engineer position is this just a meaningless administrative shuffle or does this bode ill for sei unfortunately things have been boding ill is that a legitimate conjugation for a while while the office of exploration had some great ideas they never got much money i ve heard good things about griffin but it s hard to want him back in a job where he couldn t do anything does anyone know what his new duties will be the group examining the freedom based space station redesign proposals is headed by michael griffin nasa s cheif engineer in the words of space news i believe this is him josh hopkins jbh uxa cso uiuc edu tout ce qu un homme est capable d imaginer d autres hommes seront capable de la realiser jules verne
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re dc x vehicle nears flight test nsmca aurora alaska edu writes excellent discussion of dc x landing techniques by henry deleted since the dc x is to take off horizontal why not land that way the dc x will not take of horizontally it takes of vertically why do the martian landing thing for several reasons vertical landings don t require miles of runway and limit noise pollution they don t require wheels or wings just turn on the engines and touch down of course as henry pointed out vetical landings aren t quite that simple or am i missing something don t know to much about dc x and such overly obvious well to be blunt yes but at least you re learning why not just fall to earth like the russian crafts parachute in then the soyuz vehicles use parachutes for the descent and then fire small rockets just before they hit the ground parachutes are however not especially practical if you want to reuse something without much effort the landings are also not very comfortable however in the words of georgy grechko i prefer to have bruises not to sink josh hopkins jbh uxa cso uiuc edu tout ce qu un homme est capable d imaginer d autres hommes seront capable de la realiser jules verne
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re space food sticks i had spacefood sticks just about every morning for breakfast in first and second grade they came in chocolate strawberry and peanut butter and were cylinders about cm long and cm in diameter wrapped in yellow space foil well it seemed like space foil at the time the taste is hard to describe although i remember it fondly it was most certainly more candy than say a modern power bar sort of a toffee injected with vitamins the chocolate power bar is a rough approximation of the taste strawberry sucked man these were my s gavin helf uc berkeley political science berkeley stanford program in soviet studies ghelf violet berkeley edu
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re area rule was re space research spin off can somebody elaborate on area ruling i gather it s something to do with aerodynamics of trans sonic planes and can be summarised as coke bottle good coke can bad anyone provide more details derivation etc gregory bond gnb bby com au burdett buckeridge young ltd melbourne australia knox s is slick fox in sox on knox s box knox s box is very quick plays lots of lsl he s sick apologies to john iron bar mackin
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re comet in temporary orbit around jupiter baalke kelvin jpl nasa gov ron baalke writes according the iau circular comet shoemaker levy e may be temporarily in orbit around jupiter the comet had apparently made a close flyby of jupiter sometime in resulting in the breakup of the comet ooooh who would have thought that galileo would get the chance to check out a comet too
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