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operations, restricted travel and required workforces to work from home. As of the date of this report, many of our employees are working |
from home. However, while there are various uncertainties to navigate, the Company’s business activities are continuing. The situation |
is rapidly changing and additional impacts to the business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when |
or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change including the timing of lifting any restrictions or work from |
home arrangements. The |
full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain |
and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets and any new information |
that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, among others. Critical |
Accounting Policies Management’s |
discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have |
been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated |
financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities |
and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts |
of revenues and expense during the reporting period. We |
have identified the accounting principles which we believe are most critical to the reported financial status by considering accounting |
policies that involve the most complex of subjective decisions or assessment. 40 Impairment |
of Oil and Gas Properties We |
follow the full-cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Accordingly, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration |
and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs, are capitalized. All |
capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit-of-production |
method using estimates of proved reserves. Investments in unproved properties and major development projects are not amortized until |
proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that |
the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is included in income from continuing operations before income taxes, and the |
adjusted carrying amount of the unproved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method. Our |
oil and gas properties represent an investment in unproved properties. These costs are excluded from the amortized cost pool until proved |
reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired. All costs excluded are reviewed at least quarterly to determine |
if impairment has occurred. The amount of any impairment is charged to expense since a reserve base has not yet been established. A further |
impairment requiring a charge to expense may be indicated through evaluation of drilling results, relinquishing drilling rights or other |
information. Abandonment |
of properties is accounted for as adjustments to capitalized costs. The net capitalized costs are subject to a “ceiling test” |
which limits such costs to the aggregate of the estimated present value of future net revenues from proved reserves discounted at ten |
percent based on current economic and operating conditions, plus the lower of cost or fair market value of unproved properties. The recoverability |
of amounts capitalized for oil and gas properties is dependent upon the identification of economically recoverable reserves, together |
with obtaining the necessary financing to exploit such reserves and the achievement of profitable operations. During |
the three months ended March 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. The |
total net book value of our unproved oil and gas properties under the full cost method is $48,099,000 and $46,950,000 at March 31, 2022 |
and at December 31, 2021, respectively. Asset |
Retirement Obligation We |
record a liability for asset retirement obligation at fair value in the period in which it is incurred and a corresponding increase in |
the carrying amount of the related long-lived assets. Fair |
Value Considerations We |
follow ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as amended by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Financial |
Staff Position (FSP) No. 157 and related guidance. Those provisions relate to the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried |
at fair value and the fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, expands related |
disclosure requirements, and specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the nature of the inputs used to develop the fair |
value measures. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in |
an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, assuming the transaction occurs in the principal or most |
advantageous market for that asset or liability. There |
are three levels of inputs to fair value measurements - Level 1, meaning the use of quoted prices for identical instruments in active |
markets; Level 2, meaning the use of quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar |
instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, meaning the use of unobservable inputs. |
We use Level 1 inputs for fair value measurements whenever there is an active market, with actual quotes, market prices, and observable |
inputs on the measurement date. We use Level 2 inputs for fair value measurements whenever there are quoted prices for similar securities |
in an active market or quoted prices for identical securities in an inactive market. We use observable market data whenever available. |
We use Level 3 inputs in the Binomial Model used for the valuation of the derivative liability. 41 RESULTS |
OF OPERATIONS For the three months ended March 31, 2022 2021 (US |
$ in thousands) Operating |
costs and expens General |
and administrative expenses 1,435 1,971 Other 711 792 Subtotal |
Operating costs and expenses 2,146 2,763 Gain |
on derivative liability - (426 ) Other |
expense, net 20 223 Net |
loss 2,166 2,560 Revenue. We currently have no revenue generating operations. Operating |
costs and expenses. Operating costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $2,146,000 compared to $2,763,000 |
for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in operating costs and expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2022 |
compared to the corresponding period in 2021 is primarily attributable to a decrease in general and administrative expenses driven by |
the non-cash expenses associated with stock option grants during the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the corresponding |
period in 2021. General |
and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $1,435,000, compared |
to $1,971,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in General and administrative expenses during the three months |
ended March 31, 2022 is primarily attributable to lower non-cash expenses recorded in connection with stock option grants during 2022 |
compared to the corresponding period in 2021. Other |
expense. Other expense during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $711,000 compared to $792,000 for the three months ended |
March 31, 2021. Other general and administrative expenses are comprised of non-compensation and non-professional expenses incurred. The |
decrease in other expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the corresponding period in 2021 is primarily attributable |
to decreased marketing expenses associated with investor relations activities. (Gain) |
on derivative liability . (Gain) on derivative liability during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $nil, compared to a gain |
of ($426,000) for the three months ended March 31, 2021. An embedded derivative was contained within the valuation of Zion’s $100 |
convertible bond offering which closed in March 2016. The bonds were paid in full in May 2021. Other |
expense, net. Other expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $20,000, compared to $223,000 for the three months |
ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in other expense, net during the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the corresponding period |
in 2021 is primarily attributable to exchange rate differences associated with the fluctuating exchange rates of the New Israeli Shekels |
(“NIS”) with the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) and to financial expenses related to the Company’s convertible bonds. Net |
Loss. Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $2,166,000 compared to $2,560,000 for the three months ended March 31, |
2021. The decrease in net loss for 2022 is primarily attributable to general and administrative expenses in the three months ended March |
31, 2022 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. 42 Liquidity |
and Capital Resources Liquidity |
is a measure of a company’s ability to meet potential cash requirements. As discussed above, we have historically met our capital |
requirements through the issuance of common stock as well as proceeds from the exercise of warrants and options to purchase common shares. Our |
ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the necessary financing to complete further exploration and development |
activities and generate profitable operations from our oil and natural gas interests in the future. Our current operations are dependent |
upon the adequacy of our current assets to meet our current expenditure requirements and the accuracy of management’s estimates |
of those requirements. Should those estimates be materially incorrect, our ability to continue as a going concern will be impaired. Our |
financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization |
of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. We have incurred a history of operating |
losses and negative cash flows from operations. Therefore, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. At |
March 31, 2022, we had approximately $8,221,000 in cash and cash equivalents compared to $4,683,000 at December 31, 2021, which does |
not include any restricted funds. Our working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) was $11,729,000 at March 31, 2022 and |
$3,303,000 at December 31, 2021. As |
of March 31, 2022, we provided bank guarantees to various governmental bodies (approximately $1,186,000) and others (approximately |
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