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We counsel our students to study for two subjects a night over the three weeks before exams. The other night, my son chose to focus on history and math. For history, he announced with uncommon enthusiasm that he was going to use the Study Wiki that he and his classmates made. A wiki is a collaboratively-built online reference site, the most well-known of which is Wikipedia. KCS teachers are embracing the making and use of wikis as a meaningful tool for students to take notes and communicate learning. The fact that these notes are shared online raises the whole exercise of note-taking to a real-world relevance that it never had before and, with that, the quality of what they produce goes up. I, and many other parents, are familiar with student “notes” that are sparsely or imperfectly done, and of little support when studying. Studying with the wiki, my son worked with thorough definitions and concept maps, and played knowledge games that cover most of the content he needs to remember. This wiki is available 24/7, thus having the added benefit of not needing to be “brought home” and “returned to school”, demands that often sabotage many a well-meaning student.
Then we moved on to math. This year KCS introduced a new online math resource that offers many benefits. For the purpose of studying, the students were sent a collection of review questions. Each question page had a link to the online video and practice questions that the student could go back to if they needed a reminder of how to approach the problem. When my son didn’t understand a question, it was no longer my responsibility to figure it out and teach him what to do – I simply reminded him to go back to the video for guidance. When my son was done, he received instant feedback on which questions he answered correctly, and which were incorrect. Seeing the ones that were incorrect, we went back to the videos to find out where he took a wrong turn.
Studying well requires many things to fall in line:
- having what you need, when you need it;
- having quality notes that are easy to read and use, even enticing to use;
- getting frequent feedback on how you are doing; and
- having material available in multiple formats.
These are but a few details that make a significant difference. Any tool that makes more of these fall in line is a tool that is most welcome.
Studying at KCS truly isn’t what it used to be. While the ancient Asian concept of yin and yang has these two as complementary and balanced, studying with technology is firmly on the yang side of this balanced equation. And thank goodness. Exams, and the challenge in facing them, otherwise haven’t changed at all.
Good luck to all in grades 6 to 8, and happy (as-can-be) studying!
Assistant Head, Academics
You can follow Andrea on Twitter @afanjoy. | <urn:uuid:a232ba0d-b0ed-4daa-9056-782e77627a14> | {
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In some ways the United States and Japanese are the biggest competitors in the international trade because both countries are producing many of the same goods. For example, Toshiba’s biggest competitor in the personal computer is Dell. After the emergence of world trade organization the volume of the international trade has increased too large and countries are actively participating in the trade to push their gross domestic product. This active participation in the trade allows them to specialize in what they do best and to enjoy a greater variety of goods and services. This paper (speech) will examine more deeply about the comparative advantages, exchange rate risks and trade barriers in the international trade and finance. Comparative advantage
In the international trade the role of comparative advantage is enormous and can be referred to as the capability of a country or company to manufacture a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than the other competitive country or company. Exchange rate risk
The exchange rate is the price of one country's currency in terms of another country's money. This threat usually has effects on organizations that export or import, but it can also affect stockholders from creating international funds. For example, when the price of primary commodity of a country increases the currency experiences rise and the currency price goes down when the price of primary commodity goes down. The below chart may help to understand clearly,
The demand for domestic currency will come down in the international market when the country faces internal disturbance. The internal disturbance will cause to decrease the domestic production and this will force to decrease the value of the currency through decreasing the investment and demand for local currency in the international currency exchange market. Inflation is another factor that plays an important role to determine the value of the currency, for... | <urn:uuid:77d86e61-f2c7-43c5-ba34-368f4f016d78> | {
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Background Information for Media: Food Fortification
Contact Matt Raymond or Jania Matthews at 202-296-6540 or [email protected]
As you might already be aware, the Environmental Working Group has released a report titled, “How Much Is Too Much? Excess Vitamins and Minerals in Food Can Harm Kids’ Health.” The report claims that young children are at risk of consuming too much of three nutrients: vitamin A, zinc, and niacin, and that the FDA “must set percent Daily Value levels that reflect current science.” We are offering this backgrounder to provide interested journalists with nutrition-related resources and information about the history and role of fortification in our food supply as well as specific information on the nutrients discussed.
Fortified foods play an important role in meeting nutrient needs and improving public health. Data from the National Health and Nutrient Examination Survey (NHANES) demonstrate that Americans do not receive key nutrients from food alone. The majority of the U.S. population does not ingest the daily requirements of fiber, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and more than one-third of Americans do not meet the requirements for vitamin A, calcium, and magnesium. Research has shown that without enrichment and/or fortification and supplementation, many Americans do not achieve the recommended micronutrient intake levels set forth in the Dietary Reference Intakes.
Breakfast cereals are common fortified foods and have been shown to augment intake of various micronutrients that are lacking in Americans’ diets, such as vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium. There is a large body of scientific evidence that indicates a positive relationship between nutrient intake and breakfast cereal consumption. Moreover, studies suggest that the consumption of ready-to-eat cereals is associated with increased nutrient intakes and lower body mass index (BMI).
As such, nutrients that are supplied through fortification of food assist many Americans to meet the daily requirements of many vital micronutrients. Packaged foods that have been fortified with healthful components can provide additional avenues for Americans to meet nutrient requirements and improve health. The contribution of the fortification of food has enhanced the overall nutritional status of millions of Americans.
- Is Food Fortification Necessary? A Historical Perspective and Food Fortification in Today’s World provide context on the historical origins of food fortification in the U.S. and provides some unique insights into its contribution to improved public health.
- Functional components in food, whether naturally occurring or fortified, provide many healthful benefits:
- Vitamin A may contribute to maintenance of healthy vision, immune function, and bone health, and also may contribute to cell integrity.
- Niacin (B3) helps support cell growth and helps regulate metabolism.
- Zinc aids cellular metabolism, supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence and is required for the proper sense of taste and smell.
Additionally, IFIC has also conducted consumer research on functional foods, including fortified foods that may be of interest. The 2013 International Food Information Council Functional Foods Consumer Survey reveals that despite consumers’ reported knowledge about nutrition, the majority (67 percent) believe they fall short of meeting “all or nearly all” of their nutrient needs. The survey shows significant disconnects between people’s beliefs about whether they are getting sufficient amounts of many specific nutrients and the reality of their diets, as judged by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) recommended by experts.
- A comparison between the survey’s findings about perceptions of diet adequacy (by specific nutrient) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data shows wide chasms between how many believe their intakes are adequate versus the actual DRIs. For nutrients such as vitamin D (68 percent perception vs. 32 percent consumption), potassium (61 percent vs. less than 3 percent), and fiber (67 percent vs. 5 percent), the discrepancy between perception and reality is quite stark.
- When consumers were asked how much they like the idea of getting health promoting nutrients and food components from foods with naturally occurring benefits and fortified foods (with cost and taste being equal), consumers are more likely to prefer the fortified food avenue when it’s for their children rather than themselves only (67 percent for children vs. 61 percent for themselves).
- Half of consumers (53 percent) believe it is worthwhile to eat fortified foods compared to foods that are not fortified.
The following experts are available to receive media inquiries for stories you may be writing on food fortification:
Johanna Dwyer, DSc, RD
Professor of Medicine, Tufts Schools of Medicine and Nutrition
Senior Nutrition Scientist, National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements
Expertise: fortified foods, dietary supplements; functional components; evaluation of safety risks
Julie Jones, PhD, CNS, ISN
Professor Emeritus, College of St. Catherine
Expertise: functional components, labeling
Roger Clemens, DrPH, CNS, FACN, FIFT
Professor of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Associate Director, Regulatory Science Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California
Expertise: functional foods, food safety and toxicology
The International Food Information Council Foundation is dedicated to the mission of effectively communicating science-based information on health, nutrition and food safety for the public good. The IFIC Foundation is supported primarily by the broad-based food, beverage and agricultural industries. Visit http://www.foodinsight.org. | <urn:uuid:691ad021-af3e-4912-aa26-303dbab78f6e> | {
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It is also possible to create a string with no associated data using the
Str() constructor. As an example:
Data can be attached later using the
attach() function. It is also
attach() new data to a string that already has data.
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These wooden reckoning rods were probably made during the late 17th century in England or Scotland. The numbers and symbols are scored into their surface. This set comprises 28 rods, one of which is wider and is used for finding square roots. Together with an accompanying board they all fit into a leather folder. John Napier, Baron of Merchiston, developed his rods, which first became known through his book Rabdologia published in 1617, from the well-known “Gelosia Method“ (“multiplicare per gelosia“), which was very popular for multiplying numbers with several digits. Napier adapted this paper-and-pen method to one with movable rods. Each of these has the multiples of a particular digit inscribed on one face. In order to multiply two numbers, the corresponding rods are repeatedly juxtaposed in a certain way, giving the partial results of the product which are then added separately by the user who also has to deal with any tens-carry operations. | <urn:uuid:8eb4f9b7-a168-4a57-b735-5a403b18575d> | {
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CULTURE ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANS
Religion: definition: Religion is used in this paper so here is the definition:
- "a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, esp. when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs."
God's glory and our responsibility to appreciate that glory are trivialized by our culture.
- Trivialized by requiring that we change the scale of our thinking and the perspective from which we think about the earth and the events that have taken place here. We are expected to see that praising God is but one of a number of possible responses of the otherwise non-religious, objective events of reality.
- We are supposed to realize that Biblical history even Jesus himself——is but a tiny element of the history and composition of the universe as a whole. Our religion is just our spin on that tiny part of the universe that happens to fall within our naive range of experience. Salvation in Jesus Christ is but one of a myriad of issues and topics we could choose to pursue. Glorifying God is not viewed as an intelligently engaged or enlightened response to the real world. It is merely a personally meaningful way of ordering our very limited range of perceptions and experiences. So we're told.
Seeing the Bible as something capable of articulating reality is scorningly deemed old world guilibility. This is because, of course, the Bible was generated on the human scale and from within the human frame-of-reference. Its language is restricted to a narrow range of experience from within those dimensions.
As our knowledge and awareness goes beyond these primitive restrictions, we're better able to frame questions and concerns to fit our more comprehensive grasp of reality. We can step back and appreciate the diversity of perspectives from which to view the real world. (In my own denomination, there was an officially sanctioned traveling sideshow designed to teach this very thing. It is so sad to see Calvinists who once worked so hard to give our religion cultural expression now being satisfied in merely giving our culture religious expression).
God created this universe to serve his purpose. And he has chosen to speak to us on the human scale and from within the human frame-of-reference. It is here at the center of things that God revealed himself to us in his Son-revealing himself in a fullness and clarity unprecedented in all of the universe, at any possible scale or from within any possible perspective. The earth isn't important because of where it is in the universe. But because this is where Jesus came. The events of the Bible aren't important because of where they fall in the line of history of the universe. But because those events have to do with Jesus.
The best place to begin understanding the real world is with the fear of the Lord and in departing from evil. This is true for both the scientist and the carpet cleaner. What we Christians are about has everything to do with reality. Not just some personally meaningful, fringe realities. But the very heart of reality itself.
You see, Genesis 1 is not a artless conceived account of things. There's no reason why it would have been written differently if it were written today instead of in Moses' time. We should not confuse our assessment of our cultural sophistication with the wisdom of God. And we ought not presume that God had to condescend to the ancients but not to us. As if we have gotten beyond where they were so that we don't need to listen to what Moses says in Genesis 1. We haven't. Maturity isn't measured by cultural technology. For we in western culture are no more grown up than any son of Adam or daughter of Eve has ever been. The 'darkness' of an age is not determined by its religious devotion, but in what it does to either acknowledge or to conceal reality. Reality that was created by God to glorify God.
The fact that God did not choose to send Jesus to the expanse center of the universe, or to reveal Himself only to particle physicists does not make the history of redemption incidental to reality. Nor does it make our interest in the things of God merely an arbitrary choice out of a whole universe of possible interests.
Our religion deals with what the Creator says is important and significant in the universe he made. If we look elsewhere, our grip on reality will be compromised. The Holy Spirit, through Moses, wrote Genesis to introduce us to God, the Maker of the real world. We ought not presume to rise above His condescension to us.
Drafted by Charles E. Whisnant 02 18 07 Posted O4 | <urn:uuid:6dae1caa-3fde-46ae-9fa6-a53eaa4b715e> | {
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—Dr. Conrad Maulfair, Maulfair Medical Center, Topton PA
Fatigue, allergies, joint aches or mood swings got you down? Although concern over the effects of pollution on the environment has held our attention for decades, new research is detecting chemical toxins in most people.[1;2] While industry furiously challenges the evidence, scientists argue that low-level chemical exposures are linked with these subtle but all too common problems, not to mention diseases such as autism, ADHD, and cancer, to name a few. Long term, low level exposures to chemicals cause an accumulation in the body referred to as “body burden.”
As we gain increasing understanding about the adverse effects of body burden on health what remains less clear is when the time bomb may go off. The medical community is trained to look to yesterday’s exposure to explain today’s symptoms. Yet, body burden, accumulations of toxic chemicals, may have more subtle but important health effects that are not seen for years, or even lifetimes. Because of this time delay, it is not uncommon for a chemical to be banned for safety concerns after decades of use — a real world experiment.
Studies link ZIP codes near waste sites with low-birth-weight babies, thyroid disease in women and female reproductive disorders such as endometriosis — even in regions with higher per capita income, less smoking, better diet and more exercise. The same researchers have data linking living near waste sites to elevated risks for stroke, ischemic heart disease and high blood pressure.
287 chemicals were found in the umbilical cord blood of babies at their birth in a small study recently conducted by the Environmental Working Group based in Washington DC. www.ewg.org. The chemicals found included mercury, pesticides and the chemicals used in stain-resistant coating and fire-retardant foam. Breast milk of nursing mothers has been tested and found to be laden with chemicals which she passes on to her child when she nurses. Preconception care should include reducing the chemical load of the mother before she becomes pregnant. Men, our future fathers, suffer infertility problems due to the effects of toxic chemicals.
Our life support system: Better living through chemistry?
You don’t live near an industrial waste site? The truth is that even if you do, you probably get most of your toxins as pesticides and additives in your food or each time you apply various consumer cosmetic products. Your home, your cars and even the water you drink slowly leak chemicals into your life.
There has been a staggering proliferation of toxic chemicals produced without due regard for testing for long-term health effects of low level exposures. Thousands of new synthetic chemicals come into manufactured consumer products every year with little to no safety testing or public approval process. According to the World Health Organization, there are over 100,000 synthetic chemicals in use in consumer products today with 1,000 to 2,000 being added to the list each year.
We breathe these chemicals through our lungs, absorb them through our skin and ingest them in the food we eat and water we drink. We are soaking up chemicals that we'd be hard-pressed to spell or pronounce, if we could even find out what they were.
The body burden problem.
Toxic chemicals know no boundaries. Chemicals contaminate not only wildlife and the environment, but people, breast milk and the unborn child yet most people are unaware that they carry chemical compounds in their bodies. Each of us has some load of industrial chemicals stored in or passing through our bodies. Human fat tissue sampled in the United States contained 700 contaminants that have not been chemically identified. According to Michael McCally, M.D. Ph.D., of Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, “Current ‘normal’ body burdens of dioxin and several other well-studied organochlorides are at or near the range at which toxic effects occur in laboratory animals.” A recent Mt Sinai study found 167 chemicals in the blood and urine of volunteers; chemicals used in consumer products and found in industrial pollution. Of the 167 chemicals discovered, 94 are toxic to the brain or nervous system, 76 are carcinogenic (cancer-causing) and 79 are linked to birth defects. None of the participants worked with chemicals or lived near an industrial facility. In other words, these toxins represent the average body burden of the ordinary American citizen.
This is not a uniquely American problem. A 2005 British study funded by the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Co-Operative Bank found chemicals including banned pesticides like DDT, flame retardants and the PFOA chemical found in Teflon and used on nonstick pans and stain repellents.
If the body burden of adults isn’t enough cause for alarm, it is shocking to learn the effects on future generations. In 2005, the US Environmental Working Group reported that umbilical cord blood samples taken from newborn babies were all heavily contaminated. A total of 287 contaminants were detected. Many of these were known or suspected carcinogens, neurotoxins or linked with birth defects if present in high concentrations. Meanwhile, an exhaustive review of the evidence points to prenatal exposures as a source of postnatal mental deficits.
Scientists have never assessed the effects of exposures to the endless combinations of chemicals found in people. One reason why measuring such effects is difficult is that these chemicals are persistent (meaning they do not break down) and bioaccumulative (meaning they tend to build up in living things, particularly areas of the body rich in fat such as fatty tissue, brain and other organs).
Our understanding of when a chemical is toxic is changing and concerned individuals are calling for laws to regulate these compounds more carefully. However, because of their widespread use, tendency to persist and accumulation in body tissues — especially fat — even regulatory changes will not remove them from our world very quickly.
While we wait for industry, government and science to reach agreement, the vast increase of chemicals in our environment, foods, cosmetics and medicines puts an enormous burden on our bodies’ natural abilities to break down and remove toxins. With the exception of certain minerals, these chemicals do not belong in the body. While minerals are needed at low levels for normal function, some are now found measured at high or even toxic concentrations.
Most people wait too long to do something about it.
The good news is that something can be done about the toxins in our bodies. Our livers, lungs, kidneys are constantly working overtime to remove the onslaught of chemicals. To function properly, these systems require broad nutritional support. When we don’t give our body what it needs to help it eliminate these chemicals or when we expose it to more than it can handle, it just can’t keep up. Symptoms such as fatigue, aches, allergies, asthma, mood swings, foggy thinking, and more set in. Before this happens — and even afterwards — the correct detoxification program can make all the difference.
The Maulfair Medical Center uses the Hubbard method of detoxification, the most established and scientifically validated regimen available. This precise regimen combines exercise, sauna bathing, and vitamin and mineral supplementation to increase the elimination of chemicals while rebuilding and repairing your body. Its safety and effectiveness in treating a wide range of exposures have been established for more than two decades.[7;8]
Originally developed by Hubbard in 1979, this program has been successfully used to aid individuals exposed during large-scale environmental contaminations, including those resulting from the 2001 World Trade Center disaster and the 1986 Chernobyl incident . Thousands of people have enjoyed relief from symptoms caused by more gradual build-up of toxins.
Sauna detoxification at the Maulfair Medical Center.
Dr. Maulfair gets you started on your sauna program with a thorough medical examination and a series of key tests plus a complete physical exam. Tests may include a pre and post assessment of toxic body burden and some tests may be repeated periodically, to monitor your status while on the regimen.
Dr. Maulfair has over thirty years experience utilizing detoxification regimens
to treat chronic disease. Join those clients of the Maulfair Medical Center’s program who have gained back their quality of life, enjoy restored energy, clear thinking, motivation and an overall sense of well being.
For more information see DrMaulfair.com
Calafat AM, Wong LY, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Needham LL: Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the U.S. population: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and comparisons with NHANES 1999-2000. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115: 1596-602.
Environmental Working Group. Body Burden: The pollution in people [Web Page]. 2003; Accessed 2008 Feb 20. Available at: http://archive.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden1/
Baibergenova A, Kudyakov R, Zdeb M, Carpenter DO: Low birth weight and residential proximity to PCB-contaminated waste sites. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111: 1352-7.
Onstot, J., Ayling, R., and Stanley, J. Characterization of HRCG/MS unidentified peaks from the analysis of human adipose tissue. Vol. 1: Technical Approach. 87. Washington DC, US Environmental Protection Agency Office of toxic Substances.
Environmental Working Group. Body Burden: The pollution in newborns [Web Page]. 2005; Accessed 2008 Feb 20. Available at: http://archive.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden2/execsumm.php.
Williams JH, Ross L: Consequences of prenatal toxin exposure for mental health in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 16: 243-53.
Schnare DW, Denk G, Shields M, Brunton S: Evaluation of a detoxification regimen for fat stored xenobiotics. Med Hypotheses 1982; 9: 265-82.
Schnare, D. W., Ben, M., and Shields, M. G. Body Burden Reduction of PCBs, PBBs and Chlorinated Pesticides in Human Subjects. Ambio 1984; 13(5-6): 378-380.
Cecchini MA, Root DA, Rachunow JR, Gelb PM: Chemical Exposures at the World Trade Center: Use of the Hubbard Sauna Detoxification Regimen to Improve the Health Status of New York City Rescue Workers Exposed to Toxicants. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients 2006; 273: 58-65.
Tsyb, A. F., Parshkov, E. M., Barnes, J., Yarzutkin, V. V. , Vorontsov, N. V., and Dedov, V. I. Rehabilitation of a Chernobyl Affected Population Using a Detoxification Method. Proceedings of the 1998 International Radiological Postemergency Response Issues Conference. 1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. | <urn:uuid:15734dec-ab0c-4c38-84ef-e09fd19d58ac> | {
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I have what I believe to be a simple question. I've looked in the book and lecture notes and couldn't find any help, so whatever you've got would be appreciated. A vibrating string 50.0cm long is under a tension of 1.00 N. The results from five successive stroboscopic pictures are shown in Fig. 15.34. The strobe rate is set at 5000 flashes per minute and observations reveal that the maximum displacement occured at flashes 1 and 5 with no other maxima in between. a)Find the period, frequency, and wavelength for the traveling waves on this string. I don't have a scanner, but fig 15.34 shows what looks like 5 simple sin graphs. They look like this order: 1)sin(x) 2).5sin(x) 3)sin(0) 4).5sin(-x) 5)sin(-x) My guess for period looks like this: 5000/60 = 83.3 flashes/sec 5flashes/83.3 = .06 seconds = period I'm pretty sure that's wrong, but its all I could come up with. If somebody helps me get the period, I can handle the rest. b) In what normal mode (harmonic) is the string vibrating? Since in fig 15.34 they only intersect at one point, it is operating in the second harmonic. c) What is the speed of the traveling waves on the string With wavelength and frequency, I can easily find this. d) How fast is point P moving when the string is in: position 1 and position 3? P is at the crest of the graph of sin(x). I'm pretty sure I just need to find the transversal velocity here, so that shouldn't be much of a problem. Set up the wave function and take the partial derivitive w.r.t. to time. e) What is the mass of the string? I could use a little help on this one. Thats it. Any and all help will be appreciated. | <urn:uuid:3d29654c-6491-4773-acae-e66b71df3b56> | {
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When one hears the term "Stockyards," Jacksonville may be the last city to come to mind. However, it played a major role in the expansion of the American meat packing industry a century ago.
The meat packing industry is well known for its impact on the American Midwest. In cities like Fort Worth, TX, industry lore has transformed early 20th century plants into national attractions. In others, like Jacksonville, the story and impact on today's society has been lost.
The Armour & Company slaughterhosue on Talleyrand in 1917. Image courtesy of Florida State Archives.
According to page 707 of the January 30, 1919 Government Control of Meat-Packing Industry, Armour & Company's decision to establish a packing house in Jacksonville resulted in the increased production of cattle in Florida and the Southeastern United States.
Amour & Company was a slaughterhouse and meatpacking company founded in Chicago, Illinois in 1867 by the Armour brothers. By 1880, the company was Chicago's most important business and helped make the city and its Union Stock Yards the center of the American meatpacking industry.
1910 image of Chicago Armour slaughterhouse courtesy of Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armour_&_Company.jpg
In the midst of a cattle shortage, Florida jumped on Armour's radar in 1912 when the company was offered 5,000 heads of grass cattle in Kissimmee. After purchasing the cattle and shipping it to St. Louis, Armour sent representatives to scout the area and found prospects for beef production so good that they considered locating a plant in the state. Once this became known, prominent businessmen of Jacksonville reached out and urged Armour to erect a plant at Jacksonville.
To insure a regular supply of livestock for the plant, Armour established an Interstate Stockyard near the Talleyrand slaughterhouse in 1916. By 1919, the Armour-owned Jacksonville plant was the only meat packing plant constructed by the "Big Five" in the Southeastern United States. At the time, the big five were Omaha's Cudahy Meatpacking and Chicago-based Armour, Swift & Company, Morris & Company and Wilson & Company.
Although Armour's plant would cease to exist by the mid-20th century, another Armour link remains in Jacksonville today. Armour established the Armour Refrigerator Line in 1883 in order to compete with rivals George Hammond (Detroit-based Hammond Company) and Gustavus Swift (Swift & Company). By 1900, the Armour had the largest private refrigerator car fleet in America.
In 1919, the Federal Trade Commission ordered the company's sale for anti-trust reasons. That entity became known as Fruit Growers Express (FGE), with its major repair shops at Jacksonville and Alexandria, VA. Today, FGE is controlled by CSX.
The story of Farris & Company starts with Najeeb Easa Farris, a Syrian immigrant who was born on April 6, 1883. According to Immigrant Jacksonville: A Profile of Immigrant Groups in Jacksonville, FL, 1890-1920, a UNF Digital Commons document, during the turn of the 20th century, Syrian immigrants in Jacksonville typically owned businesses selling produce, dry goods, and groceries. Adult members of the family worked with relatives until they could start their own establishments.
In 1910, Najeeb Farris and his wife Eva owned the Farris & Company dry goods store at 410 Davis Street in LaVilla. By 1920, Syrians had become the fifth largest foreign born group in Jacksonville behind immigrants from England, Russia, Germany, and Canada. This document goes on to state that Syrians were especially proud of their accomplishments because of the prejudice they encountered when they settled in Jacksonville. Because most of the Syrian immigrants were Catholics, they were especially visible as targets of both racial and religious prejudice in a city that had become a center of anti-Catholic agitation between 1910 and 1917.
View looking down Beaver Street from King Street intersection in 1952. The perimeter of what was the Beaver Street Stockyards can be seen on the right. The Farris & Company slaughterhouse was constructed at the rear of this property in 1921. Image courtesy of Florida State Archives.
By 1920, Frank E. Dennis had established the National Stockyard at the intersection of Enterprise (Beaver) and King Streets, just west of Jacksonville. This stockyard was constructed for the proper receipt and handling of cattle coming to the local market. In 1921, Najeeb Farris established an adjacent meatpacking plant for beef production. According to POWER, Volume 53, Issue 12 (3/22/1921), Farris' 4-story slaughterhouse was estimated to cost $50,000 to construct.
Sanborn Maps from 1925 at the Main Public Library's Special Collections illustrate a fire-proof structure with brick and tile walls, a roof and floors made of reinforced concrete. A rail siding entered the property from the west to deliver shipments of livestock to the slaughterhouse's cattle pens.
1960 aerial of livestock yard and slaughterhouse site on West Beaver Street.
Najeeb Farris was the company's president. Richard Farris was the vice president and Seabert Farris the secretary. City Directories at the Main Public Library's Special Collections Department indicate all lived with their wives at 239 West 3rd Street in Springfield. This residence was adjacent to the Dr. Horace Drew Residence overlooking Klutho Park and the downtown skyline. It was demolished during the late 1960s for a parking lot.
Running a Google search on the term "Farris and Company" identified a summary of a November 16, 1933 Supreme Court of Florida case at Find A Case. This case, involving C.R. Duffin v. W.A. Tucker, provides additional insight into the company's operation and business model. In this particular dispute, it was revealed that C.R. Duffin was a traveling salesman employed by Farris & Company, a Florida corporation with headquarters in Jacksonville, FL.
The document said concern is in the wholesale meat packing and meat produce business. Products produced and sold by Farris & Company included neck-bones, beef liver, pig tails, baloney, ribs, white bacon and Florida smoke bacon.
The document also states that drivers of refrigerated trucks owned and operated by Farris were sent to various cities accompanied by salesmen. The salesman's role was to take orders for delivery of goods at a future date, while the driver delivered the goods ordered during previous trips. Sales were only made to retail merchants and never to the individual consumer. | <urn:uuid:04c5dd48-290c-4e62-800e-8dd347ac06f1> | {
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Reading Fiction Whole
A language arts teacher uses a 'whole novels' approach to give her students an authentic literary experience.
Literary fiction is an art that seeks to create an immersive experience for the reader, but we often don't approach it that way with our students. We parcel out books in pieces and ask students to analyze them along the way without the ability to understand a work in its entirety. This is sort of like asking students to interpret a corner of a painting. Without the entire context, it lacks meaning and can become frustrating.
Imagine walking into a movie theater and finding that the movie is switched off every few minutes. Someone in the front of the room asks questions designed to see if you understand what you are seeing and demands that you analyze the clip in front of the other moviegoers. Only then does he move to the next clip. It takes 12 hours to get through the entire feature-length film. If this were the norm, would you ever go to the movies?
Yet, as teachers, we continue to segment literary works and erect barriers between students and their experience of fictional worlds. In my view, this is one of the big contributors to the widespread phenomenon that teacher Kelly Gallagher famously dubbed "readicide."
When I was studying to be a teacher at Bank Street College in New York City nine years ago, my advisor and children's literature instructor, Madeleine Ray, planted a different concept in my mind: Let students read novels in their entirety. Then let them talk about what they find interesting in the book, facilitating the group's exploration of the text. She convinced me to do away with prescribed comprehension and discussion questions and let the students lead the way.
I first tried this "whole novels" method as a student-teacher in Bank Street's own private lab school. I gave students a schedule for reading Walter Dean Myers' Scorpions at home and Post-it notes to record their thoughts on the pages as they read. A week later, we gathered for discussions. To my surprise, every student had read the novel and posted sticky notes as requested. We had a fascinating time discussing and taking apart the elements of the novel, acting out scenes, and writing about the issues Myers raises.
Naturally, I tried the format again in my first teaching position in a Title I school in East Harlem. On the date the book was due, we gathered together for discussions. It quickly became apparent that exactly half the class had read the book and the other half hadn't gotten past the first few pages. I realized I had some problem-solving to do if I wanted to keep using this approach in an environment where students' reading abilities and study habits varied widely. At the same time, I was impressed that many of the students had completed the reading on their own. This group's discussions were full of energy, driven by their authentic responses to the novel. They felt rewarded and were hungry for more. I wanted to help all my students rise to the challenge.
Since then, I have been developing ways to work with students of varying abilities in reading whole novels and driving their own discussions. Every time I've taken this leap of faith with my students, they have surprised me. I've found that students can discover on their own just about everything I might have planned to "teach" them about literature. The keys are to create a supportive classroom community and give them the time and space to interact authentically with the literary work. Here's how I do that:
Framing the project. After selecting a developmentally and thematically meaningful work, I launch each whole-novel study with a ritual I learned from Madeleine. Each student receives a gallon-size Ziploc bag with a copy of the book and a letter from me introducing the novel and expectations for their work inside. Also enclosed are a reading schedule and Post-it notes for them to record their responses. The students recognize this ritual as the beginning of a personal literary journey.
Providing reading time and support. After that first year, I learned that I had to support students through the reading process. The key, I've found, is to make students feel part of a group process without getting in between them and the text. Once the project has begun, I often begin class with a check-in meeting. I ask, "How's the reading going?" and get some informal responses. Sometimes I ask students to choose a section from last night's reading to read aloud together, and we talk briefly about it.
I also give students time to read independently roughly three days a week, while I circulate, conferring with individuals, or reading aloud with a small group. On other days, I pair students strategically and have them read aloud to one another and write notes together.
Tracking progress. The sticky notes have become my primary method for holding students accountable for the reading, though they also serve other purposes. The idea is for students to use them to record real-time, free-form responses to the story—questions, observations, connections, and opinions. In general, I require students write four notes per night, though I give some stronger readers more flexibility.
As the project moves forward, I regularly assess students' notes to find areas where I can help them better comprehend or deepen their experience without breaking their flow or doing the work for them. I grade their notes and follow up with families when students fall behind.
Not surprisingly, many students find that writing the notes helps them become more engaged in the story. Some of my struggling readers choose to write Post-it notes on almost every page of the book.
Creating group mini-projects. With each novel, we focus on a literary element or combination of elements. For example, with The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, we look closely at setting and theme. I design group mini-projects that allow students to investigate the literary world of the book through the lens of this literary element. For example, students might select quotes that describe setting and create drawings based on them, or map relationships between characters.
In these projects, students collaborate to expand their understanding of what they read without interrupting the subjective, immersive nature of their experience and without having me fall into the role of chief thinker in interpreting the novel.
Discussing literature. By the time the due date arrives for completing the reading, students are usually dying to discuss the book. We sit in a circle. I do this with half the class at one time, while the other half works on creative writing related to the novel. We go around the circle to air gut reactions to the book. "You may say anything you want about the book—something you liked or hated, a character or scene you want to comment on, something that confused you, or you can share a favorite Post-it note," I tell students. I take notes on my laptop, projecting them onto a screen so we can refer to them later.
After everyone has spoken once, the discussion is open, and students determine its direction. For example, students may debate a character's motivation in a particular scene or the merits of the novel's ending. I moderate and encourage students to back up their points with evidence from the text.
We continue the discussions over three days. At the start of each session, I pass out copies of the previous day's notes to provide context.
I never really know how the discussion will unfold, but I've discovered some trends over the years. In the second session, we tend to do a lot of rereading of controversial or confusing sections, examining evidence for students' opinions and seeking further insight in the language. This work often guides us to the discovery of patterns or themes within the text. I try not to lead the group with a heavy hand to discover such patterns, but I do make a point to direct attention toward pertinent comments when they come up.
I also look for occasions to introduce discipline-specific terms to name students' discoveries. I celebrate these discoveries and tell the students, for example, "There's an official name in the world of literature for what you've just described—it's called foreshadowing." By the time I introduce the term, many students already understand it on a conceptual level.
In the third session, we usually shift focus toward the author's role and purpose in creating the work. If the group doesn't enter this level of analysis on its own, I lead gently with a question. "We've talked a lot about this character," I might say. "Why would the author include someone like this in the story?" Or I might ask, "Why might the author choose to end the book this way?" We reread the end for clues as to what the author wants us to think about upon leaving his or her literary world and what the overall message might be.
Leading a whole-novel study is like throwing a boomerang. If the boomerang is carved well, and I aim it properly, it will take a journey and come back to me. If the literary work is artfully written and meaningful to students, and I support the class well, they will arrive at all the learning objectives I am responsible for teaching and then some. What's more is that they build stamina, confidence, critical thinking, and the habit of reading whole books by themselves.
Vol. 05, Issue 02, Pages 17-20 | <urn:uuid:b8c0bddb-7666-4c8c-ac9a-9ac281cf550e> | {
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The city of Oxford has long both bred writers but also inspired them. Today, there are more than 500 Oxford-based novels that have been identified, and the number continues to rise.
Oxford was mentioned in fiction as early as 1400 when Chaucer in his Canterbury Tales (Remember reading this in high school) referred to a:
‘Clerk [student] of Oxenford‘: ‘For him was levere have at his beddes heed/
Twenty bookes, clad in blak or reed,/ of Aristotle and his philosophie/ Than robes riche, or fithele, or gay sautrie’.
However, for me, it is the literature of three writers who wrote about a girl named Alice, a Hobbit and a Lion named Aslan that inspired me to take a closer look at Oxford to find their inspiration.
Books: Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland (1865) & Through the Looking Glass (1871)
Like many of you, I grew up on Disney…. actually to clarify….Disney classics. Back in the day when DVD’s were not prolific and you made sure you came in from kickball in the street to watch Sunday night Disney. It was always a treat when they played the Disney classic Alice In Wonderland which is inspired by two favorite childhood books Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass.
Lewis Carroll pen-name for Charles Dodgson was a teacher at one of the University of Oxford schools, ChristChurch. Upon befriending the Dean’s children, including a little girl, named Alice, he made up fanciful stories to entertain them incorporating sites, people and other finds around Oxford.
- Read more about Alice in Wonderland sights in Oxford: Finding Wonderland
- Get the book: [embedit snippet=”book-alice-amazon-text”]
- See the Movie: [embedit snippet=”movie-alice-amazon-text”]
Books: The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (Three volumes 1943-55)
Tolkien was another professor at University of Oxford, Merton College and Pembroke College. While grading papers one day, he scribbled on a blank page in one of the composition notebook ““In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit”, and the world of Lord of the Rings was created. Tolkien enhanced this make believe world in stories he told his children weaving in several Oxford places.
- Read about 6 sites in Oxford to find Tolkien’s Inspiration: Tolkien’s Oxford
- Get the Book: [embedit snippet=”book-lotr-amazon-text”]
- See the Movies: [embedit snippet=”movie-lotr-amazon-text”]
Books: The Chronicles of Narnia series (Seven novels 1949-1954)
The third Oxford author is C.S. Lewis. Lewis was also a professor at the University of Oxford, but at Magdalen College.
He created a world of fantasy called Narnia through a wardrobe door which explored Christian themes and values while weaving in Roman & Greek mythology.
- Read about the architectural sites that created the world of Narnia: Oxford’s Land of Narnia
- Get the Book: [embedit snippet=”book-chronicles-narnia-text”]
- See the Movies: [embedit snippet=”movie-chronicles-narnia-trilogy”]
They all seemed to maintain a child-like imagination by telling their stories to children who became a part of their lives.
All three were professors at different colleges at University of Oxford with backgrounds in English and History which they wove into their books in new creative stories.
While Carroll’s adventure is whimsical in a different time in history, Tolkien and CS Lewis were contemporaries and were both influenced by World War I and explored battles, power, and death in their novels.
Walking through the layers of history and architecture in Oxford, they captured what they saw in the people and places they encountered to create imaginative worlds that entertain us to this day. | <urn:uuid:78291647-b878-4872-b048-43f3fea9f42b> | {
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Since the turn of the century, Latin America’s fortunes have become intimately entwined with those of China. Latin America possesses an abundant supply of copper, iron ore, soya and crude oil – precisely the products China needed to fuel its explosive growth. Chinese demand fuelled a near decade-long economic boom in the continent.
Now, however, China’s economic readjustment means Latin America is facing a bumpy landing. Commodity prices have slumped to record lows and a decade of policies promoting the export of raw materials in many countries has left the wider region facing multiple political, economic, social and environmental challenges.
China’s strategic interest in Latin America’s resources meant the region’s governments failed to diversify away from commodity exports during the good times or to robustly enforce laws on environmental protection. The ‘China boom’ exacerbated conflicts over resources, pollution and forced displacement at sites such as the Yasuní national park in the Ecuadorean Amazon. There, China’s CNPC and Sinopec recently began drilling for oil after the host government failed to garner international support to keep it in the ground.
In his new book "The China Triangle: Latin America’s China boom and the fate of the Washington Consensus", Boston University’s Kevin Gallagher argues that the case of Yasuní is emblematic of strategic Chinese investment in Latin America, focused as it is on environmentally degrading sectors. Gallagher also says that while China is portrayed as a ruthless pursuer of raw materials Chinese companies, despite having a weaker regulatory environment at home, often outperform Swiss or American companies in terms of compliance with local laws.
Gallagher spoke to to Diálogo Chino about Latin America’s relationships with the world’s two largest economies, China’s globalisation and why the country is not to blame for Latin America’s environmental problems.
Diálogo Chino: So much has changed over the past 18 months within the China, US and Latin America triangle that you describe in your new book. What has been the most significant event in this period?
Kevin Gallagher: The most significant event has been the shifting global economic context: The slowdown in the Chinese economy and the movement towards rising interest rates in the US. Those two points in the triangle have had the most significant change and has ushered in the new era of China-Latin America relations. It really started in 2013 but the past 18 months have really solidified that. Latin America was growing from 2000-2013 but the engines of that growth: free money from the US during low interest rates and increasing demand from China for commodities, have reversed. For the first time since the 1990s there’s been net negative capital flows to Latin America, meaning more money is going out of the region than going in.
DC: How has this slowing demand in China affected Latin American economies?
KG: From 2003 to 2013 Latin America experienced a commodity boom. While a lot of people were probably reading about the incredible growth miracle that happened during the same period in China, when it entered into the World Trade Organization and got integrated with the world economy, this also created a miracle in places like Africa and Latin America. The copper wire going into the electronics exports came from Chile and Peru, iron and steel for the skyscrapers in the cities came from Brazil and Peru, soybeans for Chinese whose incomes were increasing and who live on a soy-based diet came from Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil. As this demand for China’s great industrialisation made the countries rich, Latin America won the China lottery.
DC: But Latin America has found itself prioritising commodity exports before, while other regions focussed on industry, didn't it?
KG: Indeed. Latin America also won the lottery of the 19th century because during the industrial revolution, Latin America happened to have what the West needed. The West was moving off the farm and away from the mines and into the cities to industrialise, and Latin America supplied the primary commodities for that and grew significantly in the same way. But Latin American countries have not realised how to diversify into other, cleaner sectors and also have failed to think about managing natural resources in a less intensive way that creates less social conflict, while still maintaining the ability to use these resources for economic gain.
DC: In your book you note the increasing awareness of the impacts of China’s trade and investment on the environment in Latin America. There is an argument that because of the high environmental costs at home, China now exports polluting and resource intensive industries overseas. How much credibility do you give that?
KG: Primary commodities are endemically carbon-intensive and highly-polluting. Yes, it’s China that happens to be the place where, at this point, the demand is, but is China exporting its environmental problems? China is just industrialising like the West did and neither the West nor China has come up with a clean and alternative path. On paper, South America and Mexico have higher levels of environmental standards than the Chinese, they are just turning a blind eye to them in order to be able to export stuff to China.
China has really helped the world to reduce carbon emissions by pioneering new technologies and accelerating their diffusion better than we’ve seen in 50 years, but they’re not globalising their big domestic contributions. They’re globalising the things that are on the way out at home. For example, we’re seeing fewer coal plants in China. Latin America is stuck in a commodity-led growth mindset that was only accentuated by Chinese demand. Too much blame is placed on China and it’s too easy for Latin Americans to blame others for their environmental problems. As I say in the book, these economies need to use those as sources of growth to diversify into cleaner and more socially inclusive economic activity. That means protecting natural resources.
DC: To what extent were Obama’s recent visits to Cuba and Argentina motivated by these countries closer relationship with China over the past decade?
KG: Hopefully China’s engagement within Latin America shifts US policy away from taking the region for granted. We gave the region very little attention but when we do give it attention, it’s been very patronising; telling someone how to run an election, telling them how to run their economy with no finance or commitment to back it. The Chinese don’t tell you how to run your economy and they leave a big bag of money behind. The US really needs to create a narrative of ‘partnering’‘ with the Latin Americans, not being patronising towards them. There are a lot of things that brought Obama to Cuba – a lot of domestic politics around it – China is part of the equation but it’s not the whole thing.
A previous version of this article was first published on Diálogo Chino | <urn:uuid:9cf0a98c-7a2f-4fb4-b4b5-d2d2951baa48> | {
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© Martyn Gorman
1 ‘Tis the season to be jelly
With the weather getting colder and the nights drawing in, you’d be forgiven for thinking that most invertebrates will now be in hiding. In fact, this time of year is fantastic for rock pooling. Long walks over the Christmas holidays are perfect for searching for little creatures like the beadlet anemone, a close relative of the jellyfish.
2 Rocky shores
This beautiful creature is a common sight in rock pools all around the UK, and are one of the few anemones which can live on the upper part of the shore. Most individuals are a rusty red, but can be brown, green or orange and will grow to up to 5cm long. The base of their body is shaped like a sucker to hold them in place but they can move (albeit very, very slowly) by sliding along the rocks.
3 Mouth trap
The body of a beadlet anemone is fairly simple. Around the ‘gastrovascular cavity’ (a closed sac which serves as a mouth as well as an anus) 192 tentacles are arranged in six circles. These tentacles are sensitive to touch and are used to trap passing prey and draw them into its mouth. When the tentacles are disturbed or the anemone is out of the water, the tentacles retreat and the anemone resembles a blob of jelly (see image below).
© Andy Cowley
4 Stinging cells
While they are not dangerous to humans, beadlet anemones have a potent weapon up their sleeves. Stinging cells known as nematocysts can be found on their tentacles and body. These cells act like microscopic harpoons which are triggered by touch, injecting their hapless prey with venom. In addition, the coelenterate has a ring of bright blue beads (known as acrorhagi) just beneath its tentacles, which contain a high concentration of stinging cells that it uses to fight other anemones.
5 Fight or flight
The beadlet anemone is one of the most aggressive anemones and is highly territorial. If their tentacles come into contact with any neighbouring individuals which aren’t related, they become extremely hostile. Over the course of a few days, the victim will be slowly nudged and stung with the stinging cells in the acrorhagi until they either crawl away or drop off the rocks.
6 ‘Catapulting’ youngsters
Baby beadlet anemones are well looked after. They live in the body cavity of the adults where up to a hundred embryos can develop inside. Once they are ready to be born, the parent ejects the babies through the water, where they land on the rocks and attach themselves to their new home.
7 Food, glorious food
The beadlet anemone is known for eating almost anything it can catch. This mostly consists of mussels, crabs, sea shrimps, sea snails and sea slugs, but can even include insects such as wasps and dung beetles when they live on the rocky shore. Sometimes an anemone will take in a particularly large piece of food, but then realise that it can’t digest it and spit it back out up to two hours later.
Buglife is the only organisation in Europe devoted to the conservation of all invertebrates. The trust is actively working to save Britain’s rarest little animals, everything from bees to beetles, worms to woodlice and jumping spiders to jellyfish. | <urn:uuid:89f9c5e3-dad4-43f7-9dca-223581f317f6> | {
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Winter Dreams Theme of Memory and the Past
Memory and the past are everywhere in "Winter Dreams." Heck, the "Tone" of the story is wistful and nostalgic. On the one hand, Dexter wants to forget his humble origins. He wants to leave behind the memories of his immigrant mother and his grocer father, move to the East Coast, and make tons of money. Dexter's social success depends on his willingness to ignore his lower class background so that he can attach himself completely to the upper class. On the other hand, Dexter's eagerness to leave behind his social origins shows that he also has to sacrifice his own early memories. To make lots of money, he also has to turn his back on the romantic idealism of his younger days. Dexter appears perfectly fine with forgetting about his parents. (Nice, Dex.) But he weeps when he finally understands that he has also cast aside "the country of illusion, of youth, of the richness of life" (6.36) that used to inspire him so much. He has forgotten about the boy he used to be, which is the worst loss that Dexter can imagine.
Questions About Memory and the Past
- What details does Fitzgerald give us of the Green family history? Why do these details matter to Dexter's characterization?
- There are points in "Winter Dreams" when Fitzgerald seems to be connecting Dexter's particular family history with a larger narrative of the American class system. For example, Dexter (as an up-and-coming self-made man) thinks of himself as "newer and stronger" (3.1) than the old money elites he meets at college. How is Dexter's particular story also a more general tale of the American self-made man?
- When does grown-up Dexter appear to feel the greatest distance from the boy he once was in Black Bear, Minnesota? Are there other instances when he feels closer to his past? Why might Dexter's relationship to his past matter in a story about ambition for a better future?
Chew on This
"Winter Dreams" uses Dexter Green's sense of distance from his own past to show off the general flexibility of the American class system. (I.e. Dexter can go from humble immigrant parents to a future in which his children can afford "carelessness" [3.2] in just three generations.)
Dexter spends so much time in the past and the future that he forgets about the present moment. He would have had a more fulfilling life if he'd remembered to live in the moment. | <urn:uuid:215b4d94-6f8c-4d35-b47d-f00e0110dc80> | {
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Yes, eating too much salt can harm your body… but the right kind of salt can boost your mineral intake
-by D. Samuelson
Salt is made up primarily of two elements, sodium and chloride (NaCl). It also has naturally occurring trace elements of calcium and potassium. Man tosses in a few more ingredients in regular table salt, according to Draxe.com. There is usually a chemical anti-caking agent, trace amounts of iodine, dextrose – better known as sugar -and sometimes an aluminum derivative. Fooducate.com reports that the iodine began to be added in the early 1900’s because people who were not getting enough iodine developed “a thyroid goiter.” Today, most people get appropriate iodine from seafood, kale, seafood vegetables, brussels sprouts and cabbage. Iodine deficiency can also cause hypothyroidism and mental retardation in infants whose mothers didn’t have enough iodine during pregnancy.
Sodium, which is a primary component of all salt regardless of origin, can be very damaging to one’s health if too much is ingested. Businessinsider.com reports that two much salt can do harm to the brain, arteries and kidneys. Most folks are aware that too much salt can trigger higher blood pressure, and potentially create clogged arteries that could burst. But there are also arteries that go into the brain. When these are damaged by too much salt, the amount of available oxygen is reduced. This can cause dementia.
Our kidneys can slow down if we ingest too much salt. Water retention is a result. When kidneys are unable to filter and process the elements as usual, they get strained and could fail. And when it comes to how salt affects the heart, too much can “starve the heart of oxygen and nutrients, which may cause sharp chest pains.” Heart attacks are possible if an artery becomes clogged, or bursts.
The American Heart Association recommends a daily intake of no more than 2500 milligrams (mgs) per day, although they suggest an “ideal limit is 1500 mgs per day.” Considering that one teaspoon of table salt has 2300 mgs of sodium is one thing. Maybe you don’t just arbitrarily shake your salt shaker, which is a good thing. Unfortunately, sodium is rampant in canned products, processed cheeses, salad dressings, cured meats, breads, cakes and many other food products. Look for the names sodium nitrate, sodium sulfite, sodium propionate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, sodium alginate, disodium phosphate or monosodium glutamate (MSG). It’s very easy to go way over the suggested limit, if you’re not reading the labels and portion sizes.
Alternatives to table salt have become quite popular, as there are no man made added ingredients. But when it comes to sodium, it’s very surprising to see just how close in sodium content all the salts are. The Journal of Sensory Studies compared salts around the world and discovered that the sodium percentage was less in alternative salts, but not by much. This chart, courtesy of Authoritynutrition.com shows the differences.
So even for those folks who are salt aware and already purchasing something other than table salt, there is still a significant amount of sodium in all salt. And while we can certainly be better label readers to avoid sodium as best we can, vigilance is still needed when we bake, visit the local deli and dine out with friends. | <urn:uuid:9a4dc670-e0b8-4a5c-993f-08379911e937> | {
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Wonder why we're in economic, creative and production trouble? Look at our biggest employer, the government(s).
Where are the productivity gains in government? Consider a core function of state and local governments: schools. Over the period 1970-2005, school spending per pupil, adjusted for inflation, doubled, while standardized achievement test scores were flat. Over roughly that same time period, public-school employment doubled per student, according to a study by researchers at the University of Washington. That is what economists call negative productivity.
But education is an industry where we measure performance backwards: We gauge school performance not by outputs, but by inputs. If quality falls, we say we didn't pay teachers enough or we need smaller class sizes or newer schools. If education had undergone the same productivity revolution that manufacturing has, we would have half as many educators, smaller school budgets, and higher graduation rates and test scores.
The same is true of almost all other government services. Mass transit spends more and more every year and yet a much smaller share of Americans use trains and buses today than in past decades. One way that private companies spur productivity is by firing underperforming employees and rewarding excellence. In government employment, tenure for teachers and near lifetime employment for other civil servants shields workers from this basic system of reward and punishment. It is a system that breeds mediocrity, which is what we've gotten. | <urn:uuid:e8c226e3-644a-4316-b13e-22dac98206e1> | {
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It is incredibly likely that you’ve seen Material Design before. It is used on the Google homepage, the Android OS, and many other places around the internet.
What is Material Design?
According to Wikipedia, this is the definition of Material Design:
Material Design is a design language developed in 2014 by Google. Expanding upon the “card” motifs that debuted in Google Now, Material Design makes more liberal use of grid-based layouts, responsive animations and transitions, padding, and depth effects such as lighting and shadows.
So, to put it in more basic terms, “Material Design is a unified design system that combines theory, resources, and tools for crafting digital experiences”. Material Design was created to be visually appealing, responsive, clear and easy to use.
So, what does this “design language” include?
The design guidelines consist of:
- Material properties
- Elevation & shadows
- Growth & communications
These guidelines include every aspect of design that you can use in your projects. The Material Language is right there in the Guidelines, teaching you about making your designs eye catching, simple and responsive. The Material Guidelines is like the holy book of design.
What is the point of Material Design?
When creating Material Design, Google challenged themselves to create a visual language for our users that synthesizes the classic principles of good design with the innovation and possibility of technology and science. This is material design.
One of it’s best goals is to develop a single underlying system that allows for a unified experience across platforms and device sizes. Mobile precepts are fundamental, but touch, voice, mouse, and keyboard are all first-class input methods.
In other words, Material Design is a simple, beautiful and universal design language that integrates a fluid, responsive design onto all sorts of different devices. One design language for every device.
So, what resources and guidelines does Material Design offer?
Material Design Resources consist mainly of three things:
- Material Design Guidelines
- Material Color Scheme
- Material Icons
The Material Guidelines is like the rulebook of Material Design. It teaches you all about the principles of Material Environment, Properties, Elevation & Shadows, Motion, Style, Layout and more. It teaches you about the whole language, and how and why these components of Material Design can and should be used, with references to different platforms, screen sizes and layout, and readability.
Where can I find all of these resources?
You can read the Material Guidelines online at https://material.io/guidelines/
Material Icons can be found and downloaded at https://material.io/icons
Material Design Light:
This is a framework for designing web apps with Material Design, that is actually used by Google. You can find it at: https://getmdl.io/
Was this article helpful? Share it with a friend! | <urn:uuid:dc9baf49-dda0-42b3-ac43-c5d6639b8da8> | {
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POSTED: Sunday, March 24, 2013 - 11:00pm
UPDATED: Monday, April 1, 2013 - 3:03pm
(StatePoint) Unfortunately, beautiful flowers and warm weather can also mean itchy, watery eyes, sneezing fits and nasal congestion.
These days, pollen from plants and flowers typically are released earlier in the year than in the past, causing longer allergy seasons according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, which noted that 2012 was one of the worst such seasons on record.
While there is no cure-all for seasonal allergies, popular over-the-counter (OTC) medications can provide relief for the most common symptoms. These guidelines can help you better manage your seasonal allergies:
Season for Sneezing
Popular OTC antihistamines can provide relief from sneezing, runny noses and irritated, watery eyes by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical in the body that triggers congestion and upper respiratory discomfort.
All Stuffed Up?
Decongestants like pseudoephedrine (PSE) relieve a stuffy nose by actually narrowing the blood vessels in nasal passages so you can breathe more easily. PSEs are now located behind the pharmacy counter because they are an ingredient that can be used to make the illegal drug methamphetamine (meth). Rest assured though, PSE has been safely used for decades.
If you're congested, consider treating your symptoms and doing your part to keep your community safer at the same time. Ask your pharmacist about new Nexafed 30mg pseudoephedrine HCl tablets, the next-generation PSE that provides the same effective relief from nasal congestion as standard PSEs, but with technology that disrupts the extraction and conversion of pseudoephedrine into meth.
Itchy, Watery Eyes
Over-the-counter eye drops that are specifically designed to treat allergy symptoms can be found in any drug store and can be very effective at reliving redness and washing away allergens.
Also consider using an air purifier or humidifier in your house to help clear the air of possible irritants.
Eat for Allergy Relief
According to experts, certain foods you may already be enjoying have allergy-fighting properties. For example, quercetin, found in oranges, broccoli and sweet potatoes, can help reduce your body's reaction to pollen. Or, try loading up on salmon and walnuts, as omega-3 fatty acids are thought to alleviate itchy eyes and a runny nose.
If you have questions or doubts about which medications may be best for you, talk with your pharmacist. And if symptoms worsen or last for more than two weeks, be sure to see your doctor.
Rest assured, relief for seasonal allergy symptoms does exist! Visit your local drugstore or the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America 's website for more information on how to treat seasonal allergies. You can check the daily pollen level in your area at National Allergy Bureau online.
There's no reason to miss out on the warm weather and all fun outdoor activities this time of year has to offer. | <urn:uuid:5a6121bd-845b-4910-aac9-7351a475314f> | {
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Special thanks to Erica Graham for a great article!
Reading with a Purpose
Reading with a Purpose
Reading is an essential aspect of a child’s development. It not only prepares a child for important literacy skills but can also play a vital role in speech and language development. Here are some tips on how to make the most out of reading time.
1. Limit distractions
When possible, try to limit distractions when reading to your child. Distractions can be anything that your child can see or hear. Some children could even be distracted from a book if they are not allowed to conclude their previous activity. A child will get more out of reading if they are fully attending.
2. Keep the book within reach
Sit down next to your child and hold the book so both of you can reach it. Reading is a physical experience as much as it is visual and auditory. If you are like me, you may cringe at the thought of those crisp pages becoming crinkled; but allowing your child to touch the book and turn pages will help them develop fundamental building blocks for reading as well as fine motor skills.
3. Let your child take the lead
While reading, it is common for children to want to spend a little more time on a certain page or go back to a previous page, especially with younger ones. This is great! It means they are attending to the book. Allow them to take the lead and chime in with questions and comments.
4. Make reading interactive
Help your child interact with the story by asking questions such as “what is happening in this picture?” or “what do you think will happen next?” This will build a narrative, reasoning, and problem-solving skills.
5. Read routinely
Pick a time to read every day. Reading around the same time will make it part of your routine. As your child grows, they are developing new cognitive abilities and skills meaning every time they read, they are learning something new.
All of these strategies are great ways to improve reading time. However, out of all of these suggestions, the most important tip is to simply read. Pull any book from the shelf, sit down and enable your child to grow through the words and pictures before them.
-- Erica Graham
Please make sure to visit Erica Graham's site!
Amazon Author Page: https://www.amazon.com/Erica-Graham/e/B01LZHMCCM/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1
Erica Graham Website: https://www.talkingtalesbooks.com/ | <urn:uuid:c6e933c7-1a75-47e0-a9b5-9e8f7141814f> | {
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Feed your family today or conserve for tomorrow? This question illustrates the struggle faced by the 3 million Cambodians dependent on the Tonle Sap Lake’s fishery for daily sustenance.
However, the perceived trade-off faced by people in developing countries — whether to focus on economic development or conservation of natural resources — is often a false choice. Conservation and development should not be mutually exclusive — in fact, they are often interdependent.
There is perhaps no other ecosystem in Cambodia which better illustrates the complex relationship between human populations and ecosystem health than the Tonle Sap Lake. Often coined “the bread basket of Cambodia,” the Tonle Sap is a unique ecosystem that expands dramatically — from 2,500 square kilometers (965 square miles) in the dry season to up to 15,000 square kilometers (5,800 square miles) during the rainy season — creating nutrient-rich breeding grounds for fish and a floodplain which provides year-round irrigation for rice production.
However, there are various forces which threaten the integrity of the Tonle Sap, not least of which is overfishing.
To illustrate this, our team at CI-Cambodia is conducting value chain assessments to identify the dependency that economic sectors have on ecosystem services like fish provision, and the subsequent negative impact that economic activities have on those very services. Through our field analysis, we are determining ways that CI can facilitate change in market systems to reduce the harmful effects on the environment while continuing economic growth.
Here at CI-Cambodia, we hypothesize that a significant driver of overfishing in the Tonle Sap is feed demand from raising carnivorous fish in the rapidly growing aquaculture industry.
As Cambodia’s middle class continues to grow, the national government is increasingly turning to aquaculture development in order to meet the rising demand for fish. It is practiced at various scales throughout the country, from semi-industrial land-based pond systems to small- and medium-sized, cage-based operations on lakes and rivers. Small producers in floating villages on the Tonle Sap are particularly reliant on aquaculture as their primary income source. Unfortunately, rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry has come at a substantial cost to the Tonle Sap’s fisheries upon which so many households depend for their primary protein source.
Cage-based producers primarily raise fish species which require substantial volumes of wild fish as feed. Collectively and unflatteringly referred to as “trash fish,” these small, low value fish are the by-catch of destructive and often illegal fishing gear. Other studies have suggested that up to 30 percent of “trash fish” may be comprised of juveniles, which may have a substantial impact on the breeding cycle in the Tonle Sap.
Currently the impacts of the removal of these fish from their natural environment are not known for sure; however, it is very likely that the large quantities being extracted are leading to a decline in the natural fisheries and an imbalance in the food chain.
Here are just a few of the specific findings:
- The most common carnivorous and omnivorous species raised in captivity require up to 10 kilograms of wild fish for every 1 kilogram of fish produced — a staggeringly inefficient use of a finite natural resource.
- Past studies estimate that nearly 60,000 tons of freshwater trash fish are used annually for inland aquaculture feed. This represents 22 percent of the total inland fish catch.
- In 2010, the Tonle Sap’s total inland aquaculture production was around 50,000 tons; and by 2019, the government aims to produce 180,000 tons of fish per year through aquaculture — revealing the substantial wild inputs that will be required if there is no intervention.
These sobering statistics highlight the need for change in aquaculture practices. In many cases, the species that are being raised must shift to those which require little to no wild fish to thrive.
We are currently conducting a comprehensive study that will identify which species require wild fish to grow; identify precisely why producers decide how much trash fish to use; and develop solutions for how those decisions can be shifted to a more economically and ecologically efficient alternative. We will work with the government to prioritize the need for robust domestic feed processing and fingerling breeding industries, and identify private sector partners who are committed to long-term investment in the sector.
CI is also working closely with the Cambodian government’s Fisheries Administration and other development partners to articulate clear policies around fisheries management and aquaculture development, and supporting the government to effectively enforce those policies. The government recently displayed their commitment to cracking down on the aquaculture production of illegal fish species such as the giant snakehead (Channa micropeltes) and the illegal fishing gear used on the Tonle Sap.
Our goal is to ensure that livelihoods and food security on the Tonle Sap are not threatened by the enforcement of these very important policies, and that producers can continue to raise fish in a way that meets the growing demand while reducing the impact on wild fish stocks. Our activities are currently in the design stage, with seed funding enabling us to jumpstart the project; however, to make this vision a reality, we are looking to expand this into a fully funded longer-term program.
Ultimately we want to expand this concept of sustainable aquaculture to secure critical food supplies for future generations of Cambodians. We hope that once this project is successful, our model of value chain programming with ecosystem service considerations can be adapted to other industries affecting the natural environment.
Adam Keatts is the economic team leader for CI-Cambodia. To hear more about Adam’s work, listen to a recent interview with Practical Action UK through the SEEP Network’s Market Facilitation Initiative. | <urn:uuid:53f5dd8d-caa7-4136-9183-0f2b682ebda8> | {
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Lee Smolin describes a new model of the universe
23 May 2013
Time is real, the laws of physics can change and our universe could be involved in a cosmic natural selection process in which new universes are born from black holes, renowned physicist and author Lee Smolin said in a talk at the Institute of Physics on 22 May.
His views are contrary to the widely-accepted model of the universe in which time is an illusion and the laws of physics are fixed, as held by Einstein and many contemporary physicists as well as some ancient philosophers, Prof. Smolin said. Acknowledging that his statements were provocative, he explained how he had come to change his mind about the nature of reality and had moved away from the idea that the assumptions that apply to observations in a laboratory can be extrapolated to the whole universe.
The debate had sometimes taken a metaphysical turn, he said, in which the idea that time is not real had led some to conclude that everything that humans value – such as free will, imagination and agency – is also an illusion. “Is it any wonder that so many people don’t buy science? This is what is at stake,” he said.
Prof. Smolin’s talk drew on his new book, Time Reborn: from the crisis of physics to the future of the universe. He is a founding faculty member at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Toronto.
A video of the full lecture will be coming to the IOP YouTube channel soon, subscribe to be the first to be updated on it. | <urn:uuid:da196abf-9128-4298-87f0-d3715209bb4a> | {
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Different management strategies can be used across landscapes, including public and private lands, working lands, and natural areas, to improve conditions for pollinators and to maintain pollination function in crops and wild plants. Strategies range from site-specific management that could be performed by private landowners, to landscape and regional actions that would require coordination by county, state, or regional authorities and nongovernmental organizations. Although management actions can be guided by a body of existing scientific knowledge, all are experimental; therefore, concurrent monitoring of pollinator status and of pollination function is needed (Chapter 5) to determine the efficacy of different strategies and to adapt measures to provide even better performance (Kremen et al., 1993; Margoluis and Salafsky, 1998; Walters and Holling, 1990).
This chapter presents various actions that could be taken to maintain commercial pollinators, wild pollinator species and communities, and pollination function. The committee suggests the following as priorities.
Develop and refine both traditional and molecular methods for identifying bees with economically desirable traits for inclusion in honey bee breeding programs.
Select model populations of honey bees with economically desirable traits for adoption by the beekeeping industry.
Develop educational materials and programs to enable private-sector queen producers to develop and maintain pest, parasite, and pathogen resistant stocks of honey bees and to serve as reliable sources of quality production queens that produce colonies expressing useful levels of economically important traits.
Develop sustainable methods for ensuring that Africanized bees do not degrade the commercial value of existing stocks of honey bees.
Develop resistance management programs to mitigate the adverse effects of pesticide and antibiotic resistance in honey bee pest, parasite, and pathogen populations.
Develop methods for the preservation of honey bee germplasm.
Other Commercial Species
Identify commercially viable solutions to the problem of chalkbrood in the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata. | <urn:uuid:f66bd7d2-5de2-41f2-9c64-9a281e9ac4ff> | {
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The evolution of beer yeasts, seedy pants and vampire bat venom-turned medicine
Beer yeasts: Researchers at Lund University in Sweden tracked the history of two yeasts—Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Dekkera bruxellensis—used in alcohol fermentation to pinpoint their role in ethanol production. They found that, around 150 million years ago, competition with other microbes, and the overall increase in sugar-rich fruits, encouraged the yeasts to withstand high ethanol concentrations—an adaptation that would allow them to survive in places other microbes could not. “Now, scientists are closing in on just how and why yeast evolved to [ferment sugars into alcohol],” wrote John Roach in an MSNBC article. “No, it wasn’t to get humans drunk.” Read more at “The why of yeast’s buzz-giving ways” or the press release “Wine yeasts reveal prehistoric microbial world.”
Camouflaged cuttlefish: “Cuttlefish are masters of camouflage. Like their relatives, the squid and the octopus, cuttlefish can change the colour of their skin to perfectly match a bed of pebbles, a clump of algae, or a black-and-white chessboard,” wrote Ed Yong of Not Exactly Rocket Science (see below video of previous research). Alexandra Barbosa from the University of Porto found that cuttlefish use visual cues to alter their appendages as well. In other words, when the cephalopods were placed against backgrounds of various striped patterns, they adjusted their tentacles to match the pattern that they saw. Read more and see photos at “Pocket Science – will all camouflaged cuttlefish please raise their tentacles?”
Seedy pants: One of the most topical quotes this week—“I wish nature would stop getting it on in my eyeballs”—was uttered by a fellow allergy sufferer. Allergy season is in full force in temperate locales, such as some parts of the U.S. East Coast, as trees flood the air with pollen in the hopes of reaching a female counterpart. There are several ways that pollen travels, such as the wind, but most of us have probably never considered the role of pants in tree pollination. Yes, pants not plants. As quoted in a recent NPR article, “‘Because of his great mobility,’ [British botanist Edward] Salisbury wrote (projecting from his personal data set), ‘man is probably the most active agent—though usually an unconscious one—for [the] external transport of seeds.’” Read more at “Strange Things Happen To Guys Who Wear Pants.”
Vampire bat venom: Scientists have tapped vampire bat saliva as a potential medication for treating stroke in humans, and the drug is actually called “Draculin.” It was announced this week that the drug would enter Phase 2 tests. “When vampire bats bite their victims, their saliva releases an enzyme called desmoteplase, or DSPA, into the bloodstream, which causes blood to flow more readily,” wrote Patrick Morgan on Discover’s blog 80beats. “Several years ago, scientists realized that the same enzyme that gives bats more blood for their bite may also help stroke victims by breaking down blood clots.” Read more at “Draculin, Stroke Drug From Vampire Bats, Moves Closer to Circulation.”
Seabird social lives: Ken Yoda from Nagoya University and colleagues used mini-video cameras to track the social behavior of young brown boobies (see below video). “The video cameras captured footage of them chasing other juveniles and following adults to feeding areas. The juvenile boobies also mingled with other seabird species, like brown noddies, streaked shearwaters and black-naped terns,” Jane Lee reported in a Wired Science article. The researchers noticed greater social interaction between young boobies and adult boobies; this is compared with the time they spent interacting with other young boobies. Read more at “Booby Cams Capture Young Seabird Social Lives.”
Also, the impact of recent flooding on wildlife, surface dwelling fish show signs of distress in the dark, eukaryotic sex, soy crops in the U.S., illegal trade in bear bile in Asia, fools gold in hydrothermal vents, chitin-less microscopic fungi, bed bugs and bacteria and is “teaching” a human-specific phenomenon?
Photo Credit: Nick Hobgood | <urn:uuid:110ff98b-86d4-4c52-acd8-7934f3625a6e> | {
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When it comes to high cholesterol, what you can’t see can hurt you.
High cholesterol has no symptoms, so many people may not know if they are at risk. But approximately 1 in every 6 adults — that’s 17 percent of the U.S. adult population — has high blood cholesterol.
Where cholesterol comes from
Your body makes cholesterol, a waxy, fat-like substance that travels through your bloodstream. Cholesterol has important functions, including helping make hormones, vitamin D and substances to help you digest some foods.
Cholesterol also is in some of the food we eat, including fatty meats, shrimp and dairy products.
If you have high blood cholesterol, over time it can harden and clog your arteries. This in turn can put you at risk of developing heart disease, the top killer of women and men in the United States. In fact, people with high cholesterol have about twice the risk as others of having heart disease.
You can’t control all of your risks factors for high cholesterol. For instance, cholesterol levels tend to go up as we age, and high cholesterol can run in families. But there are lifestyle factors we can control.
When to get tested
The federal Centers for Disease Control says cholesterol is a health indicator that needs to be monitored just like blood pressure. Everyone age 20 and older should have their cholesterol measured at least once every five years, according to the CDC. All children and adolescents should have their cholesterol checked at least once between the ages of 9 and 11, and again between 17 and 21.
A simple blood test called a lipid profile can tell you your cholesterol levels. Here’s what the test will measure:
- Low-density lipoproteins: This is called “bad” cholesterol and commonly referred to as LDL. LDL cholesterol makes up the majority of the body’s cholesterol, and high levels can lead to heart disease, heart attack and stroke.
- High-density lipoproteins: This is called “good” cholesterol and referred to as HDL. Scientists believe that HDL cholesterol absorbs bad cholesterol and carries it to the liver, where it is flushed from the body.
- Triglycerides: This is a different type of fat that doctors usually check as part of a cholesterol test. High levels of triglycerides can raise the risk of heart disease.
Here are the cholesterol and triglyceride levels you want to aim for:
- Total cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL
- LDL, or “bad” cholesterol: Less than 100 mg/dL
- HDL, or “good” cholesterol: 60 mg/dL or higher
- Triglycerides: Less than 150 mg/dL
If your cholesterol is high, lifestyle changes may be enough to lower it. If not, medicine could be necessary. Your age, gender and blood pressure could all factor into a decision.
Talk to your health care provider about what your numbers mean for you. | <urn:uuid:55abe6c0-7e64-4513-83cb-862c48a1e638> | {
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Click on a tour name or image to begin exploring…
|General Science Tour
From Charles Darwin to Higgs’ Boson this tour will allow you to explore some of the places associated with major scientific and medical discoveries and personalities of the last five centuries, as well as some that are less famous, but deserve to be more widely known.
Explore the General Science tour map.
|History of Geology
Edinburgh has a long association with the science of geology. Perhaps the most famous Edinburgh geologist is James Hutton, whose name will forever be associated with the idea of ‘deep time’. However, Edinburgh was also home to many other colourful characters and events in the history of this ‘sublime science’. You can learn about some of them here.
Explore the History of Geology tour map.
|History of Physics
Some of the most important figures in the history of physics have called Edinburgh their home, from John Napier in the 16th century to Peter Higgs in the 21st. This tour will guide you through the fascinating stories of their lives and work.
Explore the History of Physics tour map.
|History of Medicine
Edinburgh is well known for its role in the history of medicine, with many notable figures having trained in the city. In this tour you will find out about some of the most important and intriguing of these people and their work.
Explore the History of Medicine tour map.
|History of Genetics and Biotechnology
The most famous product of research in genetics and biotechnology in Edinburgh is Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be successfully cloned from a somatic (body) cell in 1996. However, as you will learn in this tour, the history of genetics and biotechnology in Edinburgh has its roots in the early decades of the twentieth century.
Explore the History of Genetics and Biotechnology tour map.
Explore key moments from the Scottish Enlightenment, a period of unprecedented scientific and intellectual creativity in the 18th and early 19th century. Discover some of Edinburgh’s most famous scientific thinkers and philosphers, and how their work intersected and fed into emerging ideas and methods for understanding the world.
Explore the Scottish Enlightenment tour map. | <urn:uuid:fcbb6e50-6fda-47a7-93b9-af08c1153cea> | {
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Gifted or selective programs
Academically successful children may apply to accelerated middle school programs. Many of these offer children the chance to take high school–level math or science in the 8th grade. Some of these gifted programs are open to children from all five boroughs, while some are limited to children living in a particular district. Admissions criteria vary. Some programs admit children based on a combination of their 5th-grade scores on reading and math tests, a test of ability called OLSAT.
Programs open to children citywide include NEST+M, a K–12 school, and the Institute for Collaborative Education, both on the Lower East Side; the Anderson School on the Upper West Side; and the Talented and Gifted School for Young Scholars (TAG) in East Harlem—all in Manhattan. Some schools offer their own entrance exam, including Mark Twain in Brooklyn and Hunter College High School in Manhattan. Some, such as Manhattan East, admit children based on a combination of an interview and a test. Others, such as the Professional Performing Arts School (PPAS), gauge children’s artistic talent with an audition.
In addition, many zoned neighborhood schools offer “special progress” classes for honors students. Children are placed in these classes based on their standardized test scores. It is not necessary to take the OLSAT for these programs.
Every one of the city’s 32 school districts offers middle school choice, although the options are very limited in some parts of the city. The DOE middle school directories will list some of your options.
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What is Prednisone?
Prednisone is a form of synthetic steroid known as a corticosteroid. It is generally prescribed as an anti-inflammatory agent, most often for disorders and conditions in which the immune system plays an essential function. For patients whose adrenal glands lack the ability to create the required levels of cortisole or hydrocortisone, this medicine acts as a substitute to enhance the immune system for normal bodily functions. Common conditions where Prednisone is prescribed include several forms of arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, severe allergic reactions, ulcerative colitis, skin irritations and inflammations, gastrointestinal ailments and types of various breathing disorders. It may also be prescribed for some forms of cancer and for Crohn's Disease.
How is this Medicine Ingested?
Prednisone is ingested orally, either in tablet form, liquid, or a concentrated solution. The individual dosages may vary from 2.5 to 50 mg per tablet and from 1 to 4 times daily. Physicians will typically recommend that the medication be taken with food, as one of its potential side effects is irritation to the gastrointestinal tract. If not monitored, this could lead to a potential increased risks of gastrointestinal bleeding or even stomach ulcers. If the liquid form of Prednisone is prescribed, it is not uncommon to mix the medicine with juice, applesauce or other soft foods.
How Long and How Often Will Prednisone be Prescribed?
The medical professional prescribing Prednisone will usually suggest a rigorous daily time schedule to ensure that the drug is administered to the body at specific times throughout the day. This schedule will be dependent upon the body's reaction to the treatment program and the patient's individual medical case. Strict adherence to the schedule is always of high importance. The patient should not skip doses, add doses, or increase individual doses without the authorization of the prescribing doctor.
Once the treatment program has run its course, the patient is usually taken off the medication slowly so as not to shock the patient's system. Therefore, it is recommended to continue the treatment program unless instructed by one's doctor, even if the patient is feeling well. If Prednisone is prescribed for long-term conditions; this drug will help to control but not cure the existing affliction. By halting the ingestion of the drug suddenly, the body may incur an extreme reaction leading to its inability to produce the required levels of the body's natural steroids to function appropriately. Look for symptoms of sudden fatigue, weakness, nausea, stomach pain, slower movement, skin rashes and discolorations, mouth sores, sudden fluctuations in weight, or cravings for salty foods.
What if I Accidentally Miss a Dose?
When the patient first begins on a treatment program with Prednisone, the general practitioner will usually warn of missing scheduled doses and will provide instructions on what to do should this occur. There may be a small window of time in which the medication can be digested without affecting treatment, so it is always vital to ask your doctor prior to starting the medication treatment program. Write down his or her instructions and keep them in a safe place. When in doubt, call your local pharmacist if a dosage is unintentionally forgotten and your physician cannot be contacted for consultation.
The medical doctor may alter the dosage from time to time throughout the course of your treatment program, focusing on adjusting the amount to the lowest dosage that works best for the patient's unique conditions. It is important to communicate any and all side effects and changes in the patient's condition to the prescribing physician to ensure that the most effective use of Prednisone is administered. Dosages may be lowered during times of severe stress, anxiety, surgical procedures, infections, attacks of asthma, or other unforeseen illnesses.
What are some of the Side Effects?
There are usually possible side effects for any prescribed medication, some more severe than others. For Prednisone, the possible side effects comprise an extensive list, but the patient should not assume that any or all of these symptoms may occur. It is important to self monitor your condition and communicate immediately with the prescribing doctor should any of these afflictions arise. The patient's dosage may require modifications or adjustments.
The more serious side effects should be communicated to the physician immediately:
- Blurred Vision
- Eye Pain or Redness
- Excessive Tearing
- Sore Throat, Coughing, or other Signs of Infection
- Heartbeat Irregularities
- Feelings of Depression
- Mental Confusion
- Twitching or Soreness in the Muscles
- Trembling or Shaking Hands
- Numbness or Burning Sensations in the Extremities
- Shortness of Breath
- Nausea and Upset Stomach
- Rash, Hives or Other Skin Irritations
Other possible Side Effects might include:
- Dizzy Spells
- Sleep Difficulties
- Mood Swings
- Bulging of the Eyes
- Weight Fluctuations
- Decrease in Libido
- Increase in Hair Growth
- Excessive Sweating
- Menstruation Irregularities
- Heartburn and Indigestion | <urn:uuid:e9d65ced-6d85-405d-aacc-dc1305b05697> | {
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Bald Eagle Viewing Sites at Harrison Mills
Monday, October 20 2014 @ 02:45 AM EDT
Contributed by: davidh
Please honor the feeding & resting eagles by keeping off the Chehalis Flats Bald Eagle Preserve. Harrison Mills, BC, and more specifically the alluvial fan of the Chehalis River as it runs into the Harrison River, is the home of the largest wintering population of bald eagles in the world. Annually from November thru December and sometimes into February, 1,000 to 10,000 eagles can be seen on the flats and along that section of the Harrison River valley. Harrison Mills is the world capital of wintering eagles and is only a 50 mile drive from Metro Vancouver, the Bald Eagle Nesting Capitol of the World.
The Season of the Eagles & Salmon consists of 3 Major Festivals at Harrison Mills:
1st: The Fraser Valley Bald Eagle Festival Nov. 15 - 16, 2014
2nd: The Harrison Salmon Festival: Nov. 22 – 23, 2014
3rd: The Harrison Mills International Nature Photographic Contest: Nov 29, 2014
The Season of the Eagles & Salmon (schedule of events: http://fraservalleybaldeaglefestival.ca/ ) annually bring this incredible eagle and salmon gathering to the public through a three week long celebration at Harrison Mills. In addition to the festival displays of live birds, educational displays and an introduction to many local conservation organizations, each weekend festival features something different.
ACTUAL VIEWING OPTIONS: First a CAUTION -- The Chehalis Flats Eagle & Salmon Preserve.
The public has free access to the Harrison/Chehalis River edge where the eagles feed and loaf on the flats or nearby trees – as outlined below. However, one large concern has emerged. The central flats is declared the “Chehalis Flats Eagle & Salmon Preserve” between October and February and no human activity is allowed out on the Flats. This includes no walking, kayaking etc. These eagles have flown many hundreds or thousands of miles to get to this feeding and resting place and it is terribly destructive and disruptive to be constantly driving them off their food, socializing or resting places on the gravel bars.
The eagles readily adapt to people walking under the trees along the shoreline viewing or photographing the eagles or having sports, fishing or tour boats traveling the deeper waters of the Harrison River Channel. Please respect the eagles' need for peace and quiet on the Chehalis Flats. In winter this very small area contains the world’s largest gathering of bald eagles. They need our respect.
EAGLE VIEWING SITES:
The Festival puts out in printed form and on our constantly updated web site the schedule of the events. All the best and most accessible viewing sites are located in Harrison Mills, along the Chehalis/Harrison River shorelines. On the west side of the River go north up the Morris Valley Road from Highway 7 (turn north at the Sasquatch Inn!) to the three key sites below, or go east across the Harrison River Bridge and go south 1 kilometer to Kilby and Fraser River Safari Boat Tour sites. If you wish a preview of what fish are spawning or how many eagles are out on the flats go to the locally sponsored live streaming cams showing in season the spawning salmon, the feasting and resting eagles or the nesting bald eagles. www.hancockwildlife.org. The famous birders website Kathy’s Korner gives a full accounting of what bird life is present. The eagle viewing sites are as follows.
Tapadera Estates: This is a private gated community that is only open to the public on the first "official display" weekend of the Festival – always the 3rd weekend of November. They put on a great greeting to festival goers with telescopes in tented viewing areas, a warm fire, hot dogs and coffee and are the site of lectures in their beautiful recreation hall. There is parking and nature guides. Note: Tapadera is only open to the public on the 3rd weekend of November 15 -16, 2014
Eagle Point Community Park, a Fraser Valley Regional District Park, is located on Morris Valley Road between Tapadera and Pretty Estates. This is the only Park facilities along the Chehalis Flats and offers the best view of the eagles. Access is from the central parking lots between the Eagle Point Estates and the River’s Edge Estates – between Pretty Estates Resort and Tapadera. Park rangers are on hand during the festival weekend. Spawning salmon can be seen right at the viewing site with sometimes more than 2,000 eagles sitting with 100 or more trumpeter swans on the flats right in front. There are a few seats, an elevated viewing platform and some local guides are available even after the festival weekends when even more eagles and swans can be present. This site is open year round.
The Pretty Estate Bald Eagle Observatory: (Pretty Estates Resort) has developed a public pathway and observation area at the river's edge to give incredible viewing of the southern Chehalis Flats, the spawning salmon and feasting eagles. Their Bald Eagle Observation Deck is perhaps the finest eagle viewing site in the world. Even the river that runs through the Golf Course contains spawning fish, both Chum and Coho. The Estates also have a wonderful restaurant and cafe (and a fast-food cart on Festival days!) that lets you eat and watch eagles or get out of the rain. This is also the home of Hancock Wildlife Foundation's Harrison Mills bald eagle nest that has two live streaming HD cams that can be watched from home. The background of this nest is the Chehalis Flats. This observation site is open all year – as well as the key viewing site for the entire Season of the Eagles & Salmon.
Kilby Historic Site: is a public beachfront park just south off Highway 7 east of the Harrison River Bridge. Here is both a warm fun loving family diner serving homemade food and also a historic Museum giving a glimpse into our Gold Rush Days -- when the Harrison River, via Douglas, BC, was a prime route to the Caribou gold fields. The beach area trees are sometimes lined with eagles and two other bald eagles nests are visible along their road. During the festival season this site also hosts displays and lecturers. This site is opening on more weekends each year as our festival and the boat tours awaken more people to our magnificent eagles.
Fraser River Safari Tours departure site: Fraser River Safari Tours is located in Mission and they regularly run tours up the scenic Fraser River and most fall weekends board parties of eagle watchers at the Kilby Railway Bridge for the 4 mile tour up the Harrison to see the eagles. While the boat stays to the deeper water channels of the Harrison River the adjacent trees are often adorned with hundreds of eagles. The tour's covered and heated boat with huge sliding windows greatly appeal to photographers and naturalists. For most people this is the easiest way to view eagles and my largest count of 7,362 eagles was made from this tour boat along 3 kilometers of the Harrison River at the Chehalis Flats. The Fraser River Safari operates most of the year but the wintering eagles are largely viewed October through January.
• Note: Some other viewing sites are available but poor roadside parking suggests we should not point these out. However adequate parking along parts of Highway 7 from Deroche thru Dewdney, along the Nicomen Slough, often have fine eagle, swan and other waterfowl gatherings. Be careful of traffic.
• Note: If you have suggestions as to what our Fraser Valley Bald Eagle Festival might incorporate please contact: Jo Anne [email protected] | <urn:uuid:14d18fbb-05c2-4464-b273-76da0246d425> | {
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This no-prep Christopher Columbus activity book gives children an overview of who Columbus was and what he did and why. Included in this activity book is:
A short story about Christopher Columbus
Fill in the blank comprehension
Noun and adjective work pages
Draw yourself as an explorer
What would you bring on a voyage through the Atlantic Ocean
The 5 W's fill in worksheet
Fact or Opinion
Christopher Columbus Time Line
Write a paragraph of what you think it would be like to discover new land
All of these activities are related back to Columbus day.
I hope you enjoy this product!
Thank you for visiting my store
Click the following links to view some of my other products.
Substitute Teacher Bundle
ELA Work - Common Core Aligned
Hocus Pocus Attention Grabber for Classroom
All About Trains
Months of the Year
Columbus | Christopher | New World | The Americas | America | Spain | October | Fall | Printables | Holiday | Observation | | <urn:uuid:5047219b-1606-4ec7-9e0a-4dc19853eea9> | {
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Essays with thesis statements
141 what is a thesis statement we will be talking about thesis statements quite a bit this semester we will be writing thesis statements, revising them, and using. Looking for help with writing your thesis statement check out our tips and guidelines for writing a great thesis statement for persuasive essay. Writing thesis statements 2 position on a debatable issue in other words, when you write a thesis statement, you take a stand about something. Use this thesis statement generator to build your argumentative or compare and contrast thesis statement in less than 5 minutes. Writing a thesis statement for essay, how to write a thesis statement - samples and examples. The thesis statement forms the core of the essay it is a direct answer to the assignment question, or response to the assignment topic it is usually only one.
Thesis statements what is a thesis the thesis statement is one of the (if not the) most important parts of your paper it should be introduced in the first paragraph. The thesis statement of a literary analysis essay - tells your reader what to expect: it is a restricted, precisely worded declarative sentence that states the. This post dissects the components of a good thesis statement and gives 10 thesis statement examples to inspire your next argumentative essay. How to write a thesis statement whether you're writing a short essay or a doctoral dissertation, your thesis statement.
The writing center thesis statements what this handout is about this handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing. Not all essays require thesis statements did i just blow your mind seriously, though, an essay is a just a short-form piece of writing.
- A good thesis statement is the heart of your essay learn how to write an effective thesis statement with these tips and examples.
- Tips for writing a good thesis find a focus: these formulas share two characteristics all thesis statements should have.
- Basics of essay writing - thesis your thesis statement will accomplish these goals if you think of the thesis as the answer to the question your paper explores.
You can avoid this intense labor by ordering a thesis from power-essayscom our staff will select a writer who has excelled in field of your choice. Thesis statements in literary analysis papers the thesis statement is one of the (if not the) most important parts of your paper—think of it as. This statement is on its way to being a thesis however, it is too easy to imagine possible counterarguments for example, a political observer might believe that. | <urn:uuid:6bb22b74-e02f-4232-b445-6d27f2fb91a4> | {
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Peak Gold is a concept, which is accepted as fact by most geologists, that talks about the total amount of gold encased in the planet. Once we reach the halfway mark, which is to say that production has reached its maximum rate of extraction, then there will be a decline in gold extraction and production as it will become more rare to find and work with.
This decline in the production is not a temporary phenomenon. It is terminal. There will eventually be no more gold left to be found by anyone, and especially by us small timers. This whole idea comes from an economical idea called the Hubbert peak of any commodity or resource. Luckily, unlike some resources that are destroyed when they are consumed, gold is recycled and reused. Once we extract all of the gold, we will still have all of the gold, although it is likely to ultimately end up all locked away in some government facility.Read More | <urn:uuid:3e272f78-d2bb-4328-a798-c5f46e1b98f4> | {
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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2015
Where did the Scottish Gaddis family come from? What is the Scottish Gaddis family crest and coat of arms? When did the Gaddis family first arrive in the United States? Where did the various branches of the family go? What is the Gaddis family history?The Scottish name Gaddis is thought to be a habitational name, taken on from a place name in the county of Nairn. The place name Geddes is thought to have come from a Gaelic term for a mountain ridge. It has also been suggested that the surname was a patronymic created from the personal name Geddie, of uncertain origin, but which may come from a Scots dialect word "gedd," meaning "pike."
Spelling variations of this family name include: Geddes, Geddas, Geddis, Gedes, Geddeis, Geddy and many more.
First found in Nairnshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Inbhir Narann) in northern Scotland, today part of the Council Area of Highland where they held the lands of Geddes, formerly held by the Rose family.
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Gaddis research. Another 427 words(30 lines of text) covering the years 1300, 1406, 1470, 1558, 1590, 1597, 1394, 1600, 1660, 1650, 1713, 1739, 1799, 1737, 1802 and are included under the topic Early Gaddis History in all our PDF Extended History products.
Another 261 words(19 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Gaddis Notables in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the Gaddis family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. Another 209 words(15 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products.
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
Gaddis Settlers in United States in the 18th Century
- Henry Gaddis, who arrived in Virginia in 1721
Gaddis Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
- Adam Gaddis, who arrived in Alexandria, Va in 1820
- William Gaddis, who arrived in New York in 1829
- John Gaddis, who landed in Allegany (Allegheny) County, Pennsylvania in 1875
Gaddis Settlers in Canada in the 19th Century
- Mary Gaddis, aged 18, arrived in Saint John, NB in 1834 aboard the ship "Britannia" from Sligo
- Jane Gaddis, aged 16, arrived in Saint John, NB in 1834 aboard the ship "Britannia" from Sligo
- Christian Gaddis (b. 1984), American football center
- Robert C. "Bob" Gaddis (b. 1952), retired professional American football wide receiver
- Colonel Thomas Gaddis (1742-1834), officer in the American Revolutionary War, eponym of Fort Gaddis, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
- Gerrell Gaddis (b. 1974), known by his stage name Rell, an American R&B singer
- Raymon "Ray" Gaddis (b. 1990), American soccer player
- Vincent Hayes Gaddis (1913-1997), American author who coined the phrase "Bermuda Triangle "
- John Lewis Gaddis (b. 1941), American historian of the Cold War and grand strategy, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Biography in 2012
- William Thomas Gaddis Jr. (1922-1998), American novelist
- Thomas E. Gaddis (1908-1984), United States author
The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. Thus the oldest coats of arms generally do not include a motto. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto.
Motto: Capta majora
Motto Translation: Seek greater things.
- Black, George F. The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3).
- Samuelsen, W. David. New York City Passenger List Manifests Index 1820 - 1824. North Salt Lake, Utah: Accelerated Indexing Systems International, 1986. Print.
- Hanks, Patricia and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Print. (ISBN 0-19-211592-8).
- Bolton, Charles Knowles. Bolton's American Armory. Baltimore: Heraldic Book Company, 1964. Print.
- Paul, Sir James Balfour. An Ordinary of Arms Contained in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland Second Edition. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1903. Print.
- Fulton, Alexander. Scotland and Her Tartans: The Romantic Heritage of the Scottish Clans and Families. Godalming: Bramley, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-86283-880-0).
- Egle, William Henry. Pennsylvania Genealogies Scotch-Irish and German. Harrisburg: L.S. Hart, 1886. Print.
- Shaw, William A. Knights of England A Complete Record from the Earliest Time to the Present Day of the Knights of all the Orders of Chivalry in England, Scotland, Ireland and Knights Bachelors 2 Volumes. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing. Print. (ISBN 080630443X).
- Bloxham, Ben. Key to Parochial Registers of Scotland From Earliest Times Through 1854 2nd edition. Provo, UT: Stevenson's Genealogical Center, 1979. Print.
- Bell, Robert. The Book of Ulster Surnames. Belfast: Blackstaff, 1988. Print. (ISBN 10-0856404160).
The Gaddis Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Gaddis Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 4 March 2014 at 14:03.
100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEE
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This guide was last revised 3 June 2009
Today we can easily discover, share and use our knowledge and creativity using technologies in ways vastly different from the pre-digital era. Our ability to do this will only increase over time. The Make it Digital approach is to identify elements of good practice for digital content creation based on an understanding of the digital content life cycle. Key to the life cycle and how long your digital content will survive is the use of open standards.
Make it Digital has one detailed Getting Started with Digital guide:
Being digital can be hard work. We are analogue beings in an analogue world, where rules around time, location and materials greatly constrain what we can learn and create. Digital technologies disrupt many of those rules by changing the constraints. Today we can easily discover, share and use our knowledge and creativity digitally in ways that are impractical in analogue form. Our ability to do this digitally will only increase over time.
For those of us interested in making New Zealand’s knowledge and creativity available and accessible in digital form, it can be really hard to know where to start. That’s why we started with these Make it Digital guides. We were tasked with creating an online, up-to-date source of easy-to-follow advice accessible to anyone in New Zealand wanting to make their content available digitally. We want the guides to be collaborative, and aimed at staff, volunteers and interested individuals who may not be professionally trained in producing or managing digital content. In particular, the guides should suggest practical courses of action rather than just be a bibliography of the often conflicting resources to be found on the web.
As web-based documents, these guides are a continual work in progress. Where there are things missing, confusing or just plain wrong, let us know through leaving your comment. If you are stuck with a specific problem that the guides can’t answer, use our Ask a Question forum to get help. If you are an expert or a willing contributor, drop us a line to get involved in writing or updating the next set of guides.
All digital content comes with what has been called ‘the digital mortgage’ – the ongoing investment of time and money needed to make sure the content remains findable, usable and generally of value over time. That investment starts at day one when content is created by digital capture of an original work or through digital copying of an analogue work (digitisation).
For the Make it Digital guides, good practice is not necessarily about using stringent techniques, standards and equipment (although they can often get a better result). Good practice is more about good planning and having at the outset a good understanding of what is involved in managing digital content over an extended period. Digital content does not have the physical cues of analogue content to remind us that we need to look after it. Digital content also loses all value forever without software and a machine that can interpret it. These factors have to be addressed by good practice, in particular around managing the digital content lifecycle and making use of open digital standards that will last.
The Make it Digital guides are organised around a digital content life cycle that shows a connected series of stages that should be managed for any digital content initiative. The life cycle below emphasises that, with good practice, digital content can remain used and useful for an indefinite period. The life cycle also requires us to think differently about what it means to have original content and what it means to preserve content digitally.
The digital content life cycle has seven stages:
Each of these stages forms the basis of discussion for a Make it Digital guide. The guides in each of the following sections walk through a discussion of the basics you need to know about each stage of the life cycle, some principles to bear in mind for planning, and the standards, tools and resources we think can support you in developing good practice.
Digital technologies tend to disrupt the old rules of the analogue world. As our use of digital content grows it is vital to have agreement on new rules to govern the digital world. For those rules to be effective, they need to be well described, readily available to anyone, and widely adopted. These characteristics form the core of open standards, and are likely to be the best chance for digital content to remain usable in the long-term.
Arguably the biggest success story in the use of open standards has been the development of the internet and specifically the World Wide Web. Open web standards such as HTTP, HTML, URL, XML and JPEG have ensured that the most fundamental web technologies have been able to operate across any software or hardware environment.
The principles of open web standards can be readily translated to other aspects of digital content, such as content formats, metadata schemas, repository and database structures. They allow software writers and hardware developers to incorporate the standards into their designs, while open availability encourages widespread use in a variety of different contexts. Open standards are a viable strategy for overcoming the impact of technology obsolescence.
There is no one definition of what makes a standard ‘open’. As a minimum, we recommend that digital content creators and managers look for software, hardware, schemes and formats that have the following three open characteristics:
These characteristics require more than just popular use – for example, Microsoft’s Word .doc format and Fraunhofer’s .mp3 format are both proprietary format standards despite their popularity (while the less popular OpenDocument format and Ogg Vorbis format are open format standards). While the TIFF image format is owned by Adobe Systems Incorporated, it is publicly documented, free of royalties and in common use, giving it a sufficient degree of openness for it to be recommended.
In addition to the above minimum characteristics, open standards are ideally:
In practice, it can take many years for open standards to emerge that have all of the ideal characteristics, and even longer for them to be supported in software and hardware. Furthermore, as patents expire, some published proprietary standards can effectively become open.
In the Make it Digital guides, we have focused on identifying standards that meet the minimum characteristics of openness described above. In some cases however, it will be difficult or impossible to follow an open standard. Good documentation and common use – often characteristics of ‘industry’ standards – may then have to be a necessary compromise until an open standard emerges.
The best digital technology cannot overcome poor decision-making and implementation. Content creators and owners should carefully consider and plan for all the stages of a digital project before spending the first dollar in bringing it to life.
For those who are just getting started with digitising or creating new content using digital formats, we have put together seven good practice tips that can help make it digital.
Making content digital doesn’t automatically make it of value. Broad plans to digitise or make large volumes of digital content available without researching who will use the content and why, may result in an expensive under-used resource. The volume of content possible digitally is so large that being selective can greatly improve the value of what you are creating. For instance, one image of a hat described as belonging to Katherine Mansfield is likely to be of more value than several random hat images with no descriptions.
A vital first step is to select and match your content to an identified need. You should undertake some basic research to identify the purpose of your digitisation. Be clear about what outcome you expect – for example are you aiming to protect original items by digitising them? Is it more important to teach people how to create digital videos or permanently keep access to the videos that they make? Are you expecting an orderly and structured user experience or will you encourage any quantity of diverse content to be created for searching through?
Knowing your purpose and expected outcome for users are two basics in getting started with a digital project, and both should inform your choice of technology and formats for creating content.
Whether digitising content or creating new digital content, your hardware decisions should be based on fit for purpose. Flat-bed scanners will generally do a better job of copying photographic prints and text than a free-standing digital camera, while dedicated scanners for books and film will come up with a better result for those media. Audio recorders should if possible create easily editable lossless formats, while video cameras should allow an option of directly exporting the native format from the recording medium for archiving and later editing.
Using lossless or uncompressed formats for copying or creating source files will allow the greatest flexibility for making edits and access copies while keeping the digital master safely archived. Choosing openly published interoperable formats also provides the best chance of your content being usable across different software platforms and into the future.
It’s not uncommon for a digital content project to start out by digitising or creating new content only to find later that the hundreds of digital items made are hard to navigate or sort. Having a strategy for unique naming of files and for embedding basic descriptive information into digital objects is an essential part of making digital content usable.
Descriptive information, or metadata, has always been important in professional collection management. Before digital storage there was always an option for users to browse shelves or filing cabinets to find what they wanted. Today the huge volumes of digital content being created means browsing by simple date, alphabetical or numerical order quickly becomes impractical. Most of this content is also not managed by information professionals. To ensure your digital content can be stored, found and used over time, it needs to have good metadata attached or tagged to it that describes what the content is, where it came from, and who can use it. If you find you are generating digital content with filenames such as IMG_001.JPG, 1.WAV, or UNTITLED.AVI, rename them now!
Any digital content that amounts to more than a few dozen items needs to be managed as a collection. This means continuing to develop it over time by adding, removing and updating content as required, and being prepared to migrate the individual items between different hardware and software platforms. It also means planning for ongoing back-up and maintenance, along with using a repository, content management or database system that supports open standards. It will be easier to plan and make these decisions ahead of your content creation so that you have a realistic view of the resources and formats required for the volume of content being generated.
Part of management is also deciding who has authority to access and make changes to the collection and who has overall responsibility and ownership of the content within. Although someone with IT skills may be needed to administer the hardware and software, a different set of skills is needed to make judgements about changes to the content. This process can be assisted by the creation of a collection policy that documents what the collection is about, how changes are made, who can access the collection and who is responsible overall.
Once the content you’ve created has been described and properly stored in a repository, database or content management system, it is important that users can easily access the information contained within. Without physical cues like shelf numbers, file colours or box size, it can be very difficult for anyone not familiar with your content to quickly search through your collection and find what they need. Understanding how users are going to arrive at your content and discover what you have for them is a critical step towards ensuring a well-used resource.
If you have web-based content available to the public, your web-site or content system should be designed to expose your collections to search engines. The vast majority of public users will come to your content through a commercial search engine like Google or Yahoo, not through your front page URL. Optimising your web content so search engines can index it will ensure your content can be discovered more easily.
For users who come directly to your front page, or where you have authentication or a login that restricts access to subscribers, navigation aids and search tools should be designed to help expose content that a searcher may not know you hold. A blank search box or an A-Z structure is off-putting for users that don’t know exactly what they are looking for. Discovery features like tag clouds, multiple navigation choices, showcases and widgets can help your content be found more easily.
A decade ago most digital content users were using computers less powerful than some of today’s mobile phones, and accessed content with a CD-ROM drive or dial-up internet connection. Today’s PCs have high-resolution monitors, powerful processors and are likely to be connected to the internet via broadband. As a result, the expectations users have of their experience and interaction with your content is much different – they want to download, interact, copy and re-use content for their own purposes and projects, and the web is often the first place they go.
With these expectations in mind, users need to be instantly informed about what they can and can’t do with your content rather than being given blanket legal statements, locked down formats or requirements to send off for written permission. Having clear rights statements and where possible licence statements that focus on permitted behaviour rather than prohibited behaviour will help protect the integrity of your content while encouraging users to return to you for their next experience.
Analogue print, audio and moving image technologies are centred on the production of physical copies of content that, when stored appropriately, only decay gradually over time. Damage is usually visible to the eye, and when discovered the content can often be restored or at least made sense of. Digital technologies, in contrast, rely solely on machine-readable media that can decay or fail rapidly without visible signs of damage. Such failure can happen in days, weeks or months, and may lead to the complete and irreversible loss of your content. That means back-up and long-term storage options have to be a core part of your digital project planning from day one.
A back-up requires you to have a minimum of two copies of your content – your currently accessed content and a separate, up to date copy. Back-ups should be planned daily or weekly depending on the volumes of content available or being created, and should ideally involve a further off-site back-up to protect against theft, fire or natural disaster.
Long-term storage requires a different strategy from back-up. It involves planning for archival copies of your content to be migrated between different storage media over time, and a contingency for transfer of content to another agency should your organisation or service face closure. This is where your choices of appropriate formats, descriptions, collections policy and rights statements really come into their own. | <urn:uuid:6f61856c-48de-40c8-8880-1005ef938dfd> | {
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In 1932, Arthur G. McKee and Waldo E. Sexton opened McKee Jungle Gardens on an 80-acre tropical hammock in Vero Beach, Florida. The two land developers employed landscape architect William Lyman Phillips, from the esteemed firm of Frederick Law Olmsted, to design the basic infrastructure of streams, ponds and trails while they focused their efforts on assembling one of the most outstanding collections of waterlilies and orchids ‐ augmenting native vegetation with ornamental plants and exotic specimens from around the world. By the 1940’s, more than 100,000 tourists were visiting the Gardens each year, deeming it one of Florida’s earliest and most popular natural attractions.
In the early 1970's, the development of I-95 and competition from large-scale attractions caused attendance to decline. By 1976 the Gardens were forced to close, and the property was sold and zoned for development. All but 18 acres were developed into condominiums while the remaining land lay dormant for twenty years. In 1994, the Indian River Land Trust launched a fund- raising campaign and successfully purchased the property. An additional $9 million was raised to purchase, stabilize and restore the Garden, and in November 2001 a formal dedication ceremony was held for McKee Botanical Garden.
With a renewed focus on native horticulture, the Garden remains true to its jungle heritage, featuring 10,000 native and tropical plants as well as one of the area's largest collections of waterlilies. The Hall of Giants and Spanish Kitchen, historic to the Garden, were both meticulously restored to Sexton’s original vision, and in 2002 the United State’s first permitted bamboo structure was built on site.
McKee has garnered national attention in publications such as Better Homes and Gardens, Coastal Living, House and Garden, Southern Living and The New York Times, and was named one of "22 Secret Gardens – Soothing Places of Surprise and Sanctuary in the U.S. and Canada" by National Geographic Traveler. It is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places and endorsed by The Garden Conservancy as a project of national significance.
Bamboo Pavilion brochure | <urn:uuid:6dc893c8-f8a0-4c65-a92d-18af07a65700> | {
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I think that people who take the time to notice and appreciate the good things around them are happier and more peaceful. The key is; making a conscious effort to notice what you have rather then what you don't have. It seems that most of us tend to focus on what we don't have, what went wrong in our day, or what we think we need to improve on.
What if we changes our thought process? What if we focused on what went right and what we already have? What if we ended each day thinking of our blessings? Maybe the project you just presented wasn't received as well as you expected, but how about having gratitude for the opportunity for having a job at all? Household chores are not always fun, but how about being grateful for having a home to clean? Instead of wishing for thinner legs or curly hair maybe we need to be grateful we have our health. Shifting your focus to gratitude as oppose to what went wrong somehow takes the stress off, at least it does for me.
There are so many ways we can express gratitude, here are a few ideas:
- Notice when other do kind thing for you, show gratitude with actions or words.
- Encourage someone with a honest compliment.
- Don't worry about tomorrow. Focus on what you are happy about today.
- Write down something you are grateful for each day creating a journal. On the days that seem tough, take it out and read it.
- Help someone out without them having to ask you. | <urn:uuid:1cf5ad01-a606-41c6-8ba3-47200d039ea0> | {
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In today’s world, a website is that key tool that will not only provide information, track trends but will also generate huge profits through smart use. Technically, a website is a necessity for all businesses selling products or services. Notwithstanding other marketing methods, enabling potential customers to either find an organization (or its products) through a search engine or learn more about the organization after they’ve seen other marketing material is key to creating and developing new customers.
At IIDMR, we teach you website planning in a strategic fashion, while deploying cutting-edge-technology in a smart manner. We explore the basic and in-depth concepts of everything related to this topic.
IIDMR’s course module will first clarify the difference between internet and webpage, static and dynamic website. Loosely put, the Internet is an enormous digital network that connects millions of computers and devices together and create a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet.
A web page is a document commonly written in Hyper Text Mark-up Language (HTML) that can be accessed through the Internet or other network using an Internet browser like Chrome, Firefox, Safari or Internet Explorer. Besides these basics, the IIDMR course focuses on methodologies and formulae that shape the internet and its related subjects. We explore other concepts too. For instance, a Static websiteconcept is a simple concept that which a fixed content wherein every page displays the same information to every visitor. We teach you how to create and write static websites.
Dynamic websites contain Web pages that are generated in real-time. These pages are normally written using scripting languages, such as PHP or ASP. We also foster an understanding of website planning based on the business purpose. Here’s an example of how it’s done:
The purpose of the website can be to businesses as we’ve mentioned in the chart below:
|Earn Money||Build revenues for a new/existing business.||333rachna.com,333acre.com|
|Share Information||Share corporate or educational information.||http://333acre.com,http://iidmr.com|
|Share Opinions/ideas||Share opinions on a subject or list of subjects||www.facebook.com,www.333acre.com,www.twitter.com|
Knowing what the purpose of website is an important first step because it will define the way on how to develop it going forward.
IIDMR’s top end faculty also walks you through topics like Domain and Hosting, what is URL, Hosting Server, Word Press, Dashboard among others. | <urn:uuid:3175b5da-130c-4b17-9973-d4c3e0634ff5> | {
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Published on February 28, 2014
Diseases and bacteria are considered pathogens. When pathogens get past your body’s barrier your immune system comes and has defenses to block them .There are cells that help kill the pathogens when your immune system works with other body systems and helps you keep you healthy.
Major parts and organs
Some major parts that help the immune system are the Integumentary system (skin , nails , and hair The respiratory system , the circulatory system, digestive system, and nervous system.
Your skin is the first line of defense. It keep dirt and other germs out of your body. Sweat and acids from your skin cells kill other bacteria and natural oils on you skin make your skin waterproof so you can wash it off easily. Pathogens can survive everywhere for long periods of time, that’s why you need to wash your hands. Pathogens can enter through your nose, mouth, eyes, and cuts.
Since you can inhale bacteria through your nose and mouth, little hairs will act like a barrier. The hairs in your nose can trap pathogens and dirt so they won’t reach the rest of your respiratory system. Cilia also helps by trapping dirt and pathogens and move them out of the respiratory system. If pathogens get passed the cilia they get trapped in mucus and you get rid of them by sneezing swallowing, or coughing.
Acids are another type of barrier. Pathogens can enter through the foods you eat. So when the foods reach your stomach strong acids are there and they trap disease – causing bacteria and viruses. When they aren’t destroyed , your digestive system basically flip flops and you vomit. If that doesn’t happen your muscle contractions speed up and you gain diarrhea.
The Immune system works with the Circulatory and the Respiratory system to put up barrier walls to protect against invaders.
With help from other systems including the circulatory system and respiratory system, the immune system keeps out unwanted viruses and bacteria to keep you healthy.
Pathogens- Causes agents , such as bacteria and viruses Infectious- Pathogens passed on Cancer- Cells reproduce uncontrollably Noninfectious-Cannot pass among each other Pasteurization-High temperature that kills bacteria Vector- Does not develop disease.
Why is your skin considered a first line defense ? Your skin is considered a first line of defense because of natural oils that make your skin waterproof so you can wash it off easily. How does the respiratory system trap pathogens? Cilia in the respiratory system traps them and brings them up.
What is inflammation ? A process that causes the area to become red and swollen How doe immunity develop ? Immunity can be developed through different processes. If you have immunity to a particular pathogen, you will experience little or no effect from exposure to that pathogen.
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CalderonScience Immune system project ... 1. FUNCTIONS. 2. Diseases and bacteria are considered pathogens. When pathogens get past your body’s barrier ...
immune system powerpoint ...
Systemic Lupus erythematosus ... designed chart and diagram s for PowerPoint with visually ... The Bodies Immune System To Attack It s ...
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... chart and diagram s for PowerPoint with visually ... Bodies Immune System To Attack It s ...
... SSA Panel on Compassionate ... antibodies Autoimmunity When a person’s own immune ... Disease Meet Your Immune System Germs are ...
... (SSA) or anti-La (SSB) ... (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. It can affect the ...
Behavioral and Psychological Aspects of the Retirement Decision. ... SSA's change in policy ... impedes the psychological immune system from restoring one ...
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Overview ... Immune-mediated hemolytic ... - Inadequate patient support system*
IMMUNOLOGY the BIG one. No description by Eileen Gaspar on 13 August 2010 Tweet. Comments (0) Please log in to add your comment ... | <urn:uuid:3e064b83-c366-40a4-a291-ad9cf32eb0a0> | {
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The flooded cypress forests of Reelfoot Lake are unlike anywhere else in Tennessee. More bayou than lake, the shallow waters of Reelfoot Lake—formed by a series of ferocious earthquakes in the early nineteenth century—echo with the whistling call of the golden and American bald eagles who nest here, and are thick with migrating bird species.
When earthquakes shot across the American Southeast in late 1811 and the spring of 1812, the landscape along the New Madrid Fault (which runs parallel to the Mississippi River Valley) changed dramatically. These tremors could be felt as far away as Washington, D.C., and even, according to some reports, Quebec City—nearly 1,400 miles away. This area of western Tennessee was still the frontier, so few settlers lived there to serve as eyewitnesses to the change of scenery.
What we do know, though, is that huge swaths of land slid, and rivers literally changed course as a result of the seismic activity. Fallen trees formed massive logjams, sandbars shifted, islands were created and subsequently demolished. Among the more significant changes, the quakes opened a great hole in the ground that would be the basin of Reelfoot Lake. After the earthquakes, the Mississippi River backed up on itself, filling in Reelfoot Lake and flooding the once-dense stands of bald cypress trees.
Local legend has it that the lake is named for a Native American chief, though that story has been largely dispelled. The Choctaw story about the lake’s formation, in which a chief brings the wrath of the Great Spirit—the cause of the tremendous earthquakes—remains important the area’s history, but the name itself probably didn’t come from local Choctaw peoples ("Reelfoot," as it turns out, is not a word in the Choctaw language, so it’s unlikely that a centuries-old chief would’ve been given that nickname).
The real story of Reelfoot’s name is amusing, though. Early maps of Tennessee (circa 1795) show the area around modern-day Reelfoot Lake as the "Red Foot River." Modern mapmakers surmise that the name change was probably a mistake, thanks to sloppy penmanship, wherein the “d” was separated into an “e” and an “l.”
Coincidentally, folk hero Davy Crockett, known widely as the "King of the Wild Frontier," spent significant time in the Reelfoot Lake area right around the time of its name change. He passed most of the early 1830s hunting and trapping in the area, making camp on Bluebank Bayou. Today, several local landmarks, including a church, the town of Crockett Mills, and an entire county, are named in his honor.
Nearly a century after the earthquakes and Reelfoot Lake’s formation, the area became a hotbed of vigilantism, and the state militia of Tennessee consequently occupied the area. When a group of wealthy landowners bought the entire shoreline of the lake and restricted families who had depended on the fishing and hunting in the area for subsistence, things turned bloody.
Local subsistence fishermen and their supporters began to raid the landowners’ properties. These raids and attacks escalated until two lawyers, supportive of the landowners, were attacked. One of them was brutally murdered, so the Tennessee Militia moved into the area to bring about an enforced peace. Things remained tense, but the raids eventually led to the opening of Reelfoot Lake for public use, no matter the land ownership surrounding it.
After these bloody years, Reelfoot Lake became a recreational and commercial cornerstone of Tennessee. One of the only commercial fisheries for crappies, which were served at restaurants all along the shoreline, the lake supported fisherman and the local tourist economy. Hunting and fishing lodges, and vacation homes for boaters sprung up. Today, Reelfoot Lake is recognized as a unique recreational gem of Tennessee.
The best way to experience this out-of-this-world wetland is by boat. Five public boat launches, scattered all over the state park, provide easy access. It’s all flatwater paddling, so a canoe is the best bet for exploring. Use caution, though, as the shallow water averages just five feet deep, and there’s a partially submerged cypress forest just below the surface. Fall colors and the shorebird viewing season are two factors to consider when planning a boat trip, but most important are the wind speed and directions. Check the forecast, as the wind can (literally) change the course of your trip.
Accommodations for Reelfoot Lake visitors are wide-ranging. Numerous resorts line the shores of the lake, and the construction of some small cabins is currently underway at the south end of the lake. Two campgrounds, with fees ranging from $8 to $25 per night, depending on the amenities (or, alternately, privacy) you’re seeking, are operated by the state park.
These days, the 15,000 acres of water in Reelfoot Lake State Park brings visitors from all over the country to explore its many basins, all nestled in a thick cover of bald cypress trees. Despite this draw, otherworldly solitude can still be found in the ditches and basins (some natural, others man-made) that the lake fingers out into. Exploring the 20-mile length and seven-mile width of the lake could take a lifetime.
Originally written for BCBS of Tennessee. | <urn:uuid:69ea6cd6-aa60-4d55-825c-cb6d0e0a2a8c> | {
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Parents: Axayacatl, tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
Date of Birth: circa 1466
Royal House: Tenochtitlan
Spouse: (1) Teotlalco, daughter of Matlaccohuatl, tlatoani of Ecatepec, and (2) Tlapalizquizochtzin, tlatoani of Eatepec, daughter of Matlaccohuatl, tlatoani of Ecatepec
Reign: 1502 – 1520
Summary: Absolutely nothing is know of the early life of Moctezuma II before he became the leader of the Aztec people at Tenochtitlan. The sources all begin with his reign, and reports that Europeans were landing on his soil. In 1517, the first sighting of Spaniards in Aztec territory were reported to the king. When Hernan Cortés arrived in 1519, Moctezuma proactively sent ambassadors to attempt to negotiate with these newcomers before they got the upper hand. The legend that Moctezuma perceived Cortés as a god returned from the sky is probably a myth perpetuated by the Spaniards to emphasize the importance of Christianity. Cortés quickly made allies with Tlaxcalteca, a rival city, as he marched on Tenochtitlan. Moctezuma, hoping to pacify the Spanish, invited them into his city and lavished them with gifts for many months. Slowly, Moctezuma became a prisoner in his own home. When Cortés left to fight a rival conquistador, Moctezuma was left under guard, which kept him safe when the Spaniards killed the majority of the Aztec aristocracy at the massacre in the main temple. When Cortés returned, open warfare had broken out in the streets of Tenochtitlan. Moctezuma was forced onto the balcony of his palace to address his people, and was pelted with rocks and darts. He died soon after, either from injuries or by Spaniards who no longer saw the use in keeping the king alive. The Spaniards fled soon after and Moctezuma's brother, Cuauhtémoc, succeeded him in Tenochtitlan.
"Emperor Moctezuma II of the Aztec Empire was a special case in colonial Spanish diplomacy. He was regarded as a nuisance to Hernan Cortes, yet three of his legitimate children were granted “reyes naturales” status within the Spanish Empire. When the Aztec Empire was overthrown 489 years ago, Montezuma’s heirs were able to continue their fight against the conquest of Mexico through lawsuits that awarded them not only compensation but status as well.
"By the 1600s, Moctezuma’s legitimate heirs had found their way into Spain where they married into the noble houses and, for all intent and purposes, became Spanish. Their heirs still retain titles such as duke of Moctezuma & Tultengo, duke of Atrisco, and count of Miravalle today. Most importantly, multiple lines of the family became Grandees of Spain, the highest noble title obtainable in Spain.
"In Mexico, the majority of Moctezuma’s descendants today are from illegitimate lines. Since Spanish law disapproved of such offspring, the descent from these individuals is much harder to trace. However, many thousands of Mexicans still claim royal Aztec ancestry. In fact, from the beginning of the Mexican Republic in the 1810s until 1934, Mexico paid pensions to the descendants of Moctezuma until Interim President Abelardo Rodríguez halted them. A concerted effort to restore back-payments to Moctezuma’s descendants began in 2002 and continues to this day.
"Nearly five hundred years after his fall from power, Emperor Moctezuma II remains one of the most popular and well-known Native American royals to this day. His fame is such that people such as Hugo Chavez of Venezuela have attempted to link themselves to the Aztec emperor for political and social benefit. But it is not just celebrity presidents that can claim descent from Aztec royalty. Mexico has long been a melting pot of peoples who have spread and settled across the world. Maybe, just maybe, a little part of Moctezuma’s blood runs in your veins as well." (Portion in quotes published under the title "Moctezuma II" in XOXOR: La Gran Revisita...!!! in September 2010.)
Date of Death: 29 June 1520
Other Monarchs Who Died Today: | <urn:uuid:a289419c-33ee-4f60-a439-8b59b5e4ae2c> | {
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On the occasion of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad's birth anniversary, here are a few vintage and rare photos of him. (Image: Getty Images)
in the Indian government. In 1992 he was posthumously awarded India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
National Education Day is celebrated on November 11 to commemorate the birth anniversary of freedom fighter and India’s first education minister Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. (Image: Getty Images)
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi with Jawaharlal Nehru, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, Sardar Patel and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad at the A.I.C.C. meeting in Delhi. (Image: Getty Images)
Sardar Patel, a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement with Maulana Azad, the senior Muslim leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. (Image: Getty Images)
Abul Kalam Azad, Mr. Asaf Ali and Jawaharlal Nehru. (Image: Getty Images)
Mahatma Gandhi and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. (Image: Getty Images)
Indian leaders at the Simla Conference (1946). From Left to Right: Rajendra Prasad, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, C. Rajagopalachari and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
The leader of the Indian Congress Party Maulana Azad in conversation with the British Secretary of State for India Lord Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps, Ali, Minister of Navy Alexander and the viceroy Lord Wavell. (Image: Getty Images)
Maulana Azad, Acharya Kripalani, Sardar Patel and Subhash Bose at Wardha Railway Station.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi at an AICC meeting in Bombay, 1940.
Painting of Indian Freedom fighter Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. (Image: Getty Images) | <urn:uuid:3e0bd22c-e080-4954-abed-a7e517ce17e0> | {
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15 November 2010
The story is set in an old house built beside the moors where winds "wuther" or blow a lot. Just like in the excellent book "The Secret Garden" by Frances Hodgson Burnett.
Unlike The Secret Garden, Wuthering Heights is a continuing sad tale about a complete cast of dysfunctional selfish characters. Even the character you would most want to treat favourably, the house maid Ellen/Nellie, is a complete loser who continues to make the wrong choices dooming those in her charge to worse fates. A little bit of honesty and courage would have completely changed the lives she cared so much about.
All I knew about Wuthering Heights before reading it was that there were two lovers Heathcliff and Cathy, calling each other's name across a grassy field. Now I know Heathcliff was a selfish, vindictive psychopath intent on destruction for all those who he felt would hinder his "love" for Cathy - a self important selfish stupid girl.
Compare this with The Secret Garden. Now here is a story where we start with lots of self love and selfishness, bitterness and despair. But it all turns around - without any tragic or miserable deaths - with every major character realising the futility of despair and selfishness to be truly happy.
And the wisest character is the mother on the moor with a bucketload of children, respected by all for her knowledge and wisdom.
I suppose those of a "romantic" disposition favour the "love" story in Wuthering Heights but I reckon this is a real problem. If Wuthering Heights is taken as a guide for how love works it will certainly lead to a life of misery. Look around society today for exactly that result.
The Secret Garden is much closer to the truth. And a much better read.
10 November 2010
Some cicada facts from the Australian Museum:
- Only male cicadas sing. They do this in an attempt to find a mate.
- Different species have different songs to attract only their own kind.
- Adult cicadas have short lives, usually only a few weeks.
- Most of their lives are spent as nymphs underground. For some species this can be up to several years.
- Cicadas feed only on plant sap using their piercing, sucking mouthparts.
- Cicadas feed on a huge range of plants, including eucalypts and grasses.
- Birds, bats, spiders, wasps, ants, mantids and tree crickets all prey on cicadas.
The majority of the village children collect lots and lots of shells.
Peter discovered a novel way of displaying his collection - on the wire screen of the kitchen window.
While impressive to behold, it does cut down on the natural light!
3 November 2010
He returned with this lovely large box and quickly took out his kit and with the willing assistance of Peter, Clare, Rose and Martin went to work.
Tonight, Lana and I looked at the box, looked at Zach and gave Zach his part of the prize. A box filled with scrunched up newspaper. Hours of fun!
On a similar note a customer came in today and asked Ariel what she should buy for her 1 year old grandson.
Without any hesitation, Ariel answered, "A tissue box."
The customer thought this may not be what she was thinking of and wanted some alternative options.
Ariel persisted, 'He would have a lot of fun. He would really like it." | <urn:uuid:851da254-6052-4534-b8e4-d5ac00b260b1> | {
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Welsh Rare Plants Project
We work on some of the most endangered plant species in Wales to ensure their long-term survival. Working both in the Garden and in the natural habitat, we attempt to provide effective, integrated conservation for these threatened plants.
The Welsh Rare Plants Project is led by Dr Natasha de Vere (National Botanic Garden of Wales) and Dr Tim Rich (National Museum of Wales), with the different institutions leading on various species. Individual projects are with conservation partners throughout the UK.
Additional information: Welsh Rare Plant Project at the National Museum of Wales
Endemic whitebeams (Sorbus spp.)
We have a large collection of whitebeam trees and are working to conserve Welsh endemic species. We are collaborating on a PhD project with the National Museum of Wales, the Whitley Wildlife Conservation Trust and Exeter University to investigate the origins and conservation of these rare trees.
Wild cotoneaster (Cotoneaster cambricus)
We are working with the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) at Aberystwyth University, and Chester Zoo to investigate the taxonomy and status of this plant; there are only six original plants remaining in the wild. We have used an air-layering propagation technique to collect cuttings of the individuals in the wild to create a collection at the Garden and are investigating its taxonomy by comparing its DNA to related species found throughout Europe.
Spreading bellflower (Campanula patula)
We have surveyed the historical sites for this critically endangered plant and provided recommendations on how this species should be conserved to the Countryside Council for Wales. We are carrying out research to find out its habitat requirements and investigating its genetics so that we can inform its management and restoration.
Meadow thistle (Cirsium dissectum)
A key species of the threatened rhos pasture habitat, we are working on how understanding the ecology of this plant can help to inform its conservation and that of the habitat within which it is found. | <urn:uuid:dba4bd3c-0a00-4095-80f7-52b05a313712> | {
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Kansas City Star reported on January 14 that a Southwest Airlines 747 landed at the M. Graham Clark Taney County airport in Hollister, Mo. instead of the larger airport in Branson. Several months earlier, in November 2013, a Boeing 747 freighter operated by the Boeing Company itself, accidentally landed at Wichita’s Col. James Jabara airport instead of McConnell Air Force Base.
The Dallas News reports that the Southwest jet landed at Hollister at 3:40 p.m. Archived weather reports on jesseweather.com show that the weather was partly cloudy with the clouds at about 5,000 feet. Similarly, in the case of the Boeing in Wichita, the preliminary NTSB report notes that “visual meteorological conditions prevailed,” meaning that cloud ceilings were at least 1,000 feet and visibility was at least three miles. The 747 landed at 9:20 p.m.
The two recent episodes were not the first airliners to land at the wrong field. In one famous incident in 1967, a TWA pilot mistakenly landed his Boeing 707 at the Ohio State University airport instead of the intended Port Columbus. The story is recounted in the Columbus Dispatch.
Paradoxically, it can be easier to locate an airport when the weather is bad than when it is good. In cloudy weather, instrument approaches lead the airplane directly to the landing runway with great precision. When the weather is good, air traffic control vectors the pilot toward the airport, but often the aircraft is cleared for a visual approach. According to the Pilot Controller Glossary, to accept a visual approach, the pilot must have “either the airport or the preceding aircraft in sight.”
In many cases, landing at the wrong airport is a case of mistaken identity. The pilot sees an airport and misidentifies it as his destination. This can be easy to do because urban areas often have many airports. Since runways are usually aligned with the prevailing winds, many airports in the same area can have a similar configuration.
In Missouri, GlobalAir.com’s airport database shows that Clark airport (KPLK) has runways numbered 12 and 30, consistent with the magnetic courses of 120 and 300 degrees. Branson (KBBG) is similarly configured with runways 14 and 32. A telltale difference is that Branson’s runway is 7,140 feet long where Clark is only 3,738 feet. McConnell AFB (KIAB) has paired runways that are numbered 1 and 19 left and right. These runways are each 12,000 feet long. The smaller Jabara airport (KAAO) has a 6,101 foot runway numbered 18 and 36.
The airport pairs are also close together. Jabara is eight miles from McConnell. Clark is only six miles from Branson.
It is likely that the pilots were cleared for a visual approach and simply mistook the smaller airports for their larger neighbors due to the similar runway configurations and proximity.
The problem could have been exacerbated for the Boeing 747 pilots because their approach took place at night. There are numerous potential pitfalls with night landings, including the difficulty in picking urban airport lights out from the surrounding city lights. Often brighter city lights can make airports nearly impossible to spot. In addition, night landings are subject to a number of visual illusions that could have made it difficult for the crew to detect the short length of the Jabara airport.
To avoid making this sort of mistake, pilots should verify the runway before they land. This can be done by using the same instrument systems that help the airplane find the runway in bad weather. A good procedure is to tune in the instrument landing system (ILS) frequency for the runway that is being used. If the needles don’t center on short final, the airplane is not approaching the right runway.
For runways without an ILS, most modern jets are equipped with GPS. Over the past few years, many smaller airports have added RNAV/GPS approaches. These can also be used as a backup. If the runway does not have a GPS approach, the pilot can still select the runway waypoint and create his own visual approach with a user waypoint about three miles in front of the landing runway.
Landing at the wrong airport is not a common mistake, but it is a serious one. The pilots in question may lose their licenses and find their careers at a premature end. Using navigation systems as a backup on a visual approach can prevent an embarrassing and potentially career-ending error.
Originally published on Aviation Examiner | <urn:uuid:b424a24d-a44a-4487-ad4b-086b172ef03e> | {
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It’s fewer than 250 miles from the New York City apartment building where Sonia Sotomayor grew up to the Washington offices of the United States Supreme Court where she now works.
But if you asked her how she went from being a sick little girl whose father died when she was just 9 years old to being only the third woman and the first Hispanic person to serve on the nation’s most important court, she wouldn’t say she got there by car or by bus or by train.
She’d tell you she got there by hard work.
March is Women’s History Month and Justice Sotomayor, who has just written “My Beloved World,” a book about her life, agreed to talk to KidsPost readers about her story and what it’s like to be a judge.
The justice greets visitors to her large, light-filled office in the Supreme Court building with a big smile, twinkling brown eyes and a booming voice. This is an office where some of the most serious work in the country gets done, so she has a sculpture of Abraham Lincoln near her desk to inspire her. But it’s also the office of a woman who grew up reading Nancy Drew mysteries and who appeared on “Sesame Street” to talk about what a career is. So mixed in among all those serious law books on her shelves are stuffed dolls of Elmo and Big Bird and three books featuring the famous girl detective.
When she was just 7 years old, Justice Sotomayor was found to have diabetes, which meant she had to receive daily shots to handle the disease. She learned to give them to herself. Just a few years later, her father died, but she never let her difficult childhood discourage her.
“What I faced may seem significant to some kids, but so many kids experience even greater difficulties,” she says. “Life can be hard, whether you lose a parent or lose a friend when you’re young or you suffer diabetes or sometimes kids have cancer. Or sometimes you have a parent who can’t be giving to you the way you would want. So many kids have these moments and sometimes it seems overwhelming . . . but it doesn’t have to stop you from having a full, rich life. You just have to work to get past it.”
And work she did. Justice Sotomayor remembers watching a television show called “Perry Mason” with her mother. In the show, the Perry Mason charachter was a lawyer and even though she was only 10, Justice Sotomayor thought she might like to become one when she grew up. So she “did activities in school that I thought were a bit like a lawyer so I could test it out,” including public speaking and the debate club. Still, not all her teachers believed she could achieve her dream.
“My eighth-grade teacher wrote in my yearbook that I had the ‘unusual desire’ to be a lawyer. I think she was a little suspicious of my dream,” Justice Sotomayor remembers with a laugh.
A lesson she learned as a young girl is one that she still uses today. “I know how to say, ‘I don’t know.’ I think that one of the worst mistakes that not just kids but many adults make is being ashamed of admitting they don’t know something.”
Because her parents came from Puerto Rico and her father spoke no English, she grew up speaking Spanish at home and didn’t truly get comfortable reading and writing English until she was in about the fifth grade. It was that year that she went to one of her classmates “and asked her, ‘How do you study?’ . . . Throughout my school days and now, even as a justice, if I don’t know something, I ask.”
Justice Sotomayor was a lawyer and judge until she was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Obama in 2009. There are nine justices on the Supreme Court, which has the final say on deciding how the laws of the land work. In history, just four women have been justices. The first was Sandra Day O’Connor, who retired in 2006. Justice Sotomayor serves with the two other women, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Elena Kagan.
So what does a justice do all day?
It’s a question that makes her laugh a deep, throaty laugh. “If I tell kids that, they’ll think it’s so booooring,” she says drawing out the last word to about four syllables. “I read. I research. I write. I edit. It can be boring if you’re not excited about what you do. But I’m studying and writing about the most important legal issues of our country. And so my studying and writing is exciting to me.” She stops talking, as if not quite convinced that kids will find what she does interesting.
“But I also get to do things like throw out the first pitch at Yankee Stadium or even appear on ‘Sesame Street’ to talk about what being a judge is. So the fun parts of my job are really talking to people about what I do and the law and the Constitution, and all those things are exciting to me.”
She is a long way from where she started out as a young girl, but as she chats with her assistants at the court, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, a woman who is making history, seems right at home. | <urn:uuid:df32b492-8650-44cc-8d4d-91911ffaaf76> | {
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a certain kind of definite integral that is not expressible by means of elementary functions.
[ih-lip-tis-i-tee, el-ip-, ee-lip-] /ɪ lɪpˈtɪs ɪ ti, ˌɛl ɪp-, ˌi lɪp-/ noun 1. the degree of divergence of an ellipse from a circle. /ɪlɪpˈtɪsɪtɪ; ˌɛl-/ noun 1. the degree of deviation from a circle or sphere of an elliptical or ellipsoidal shape or path, measured as the ratio of the major to the minor axes
noun, Geometry. 1. a paraboloid that can be put into a position such that its sections parallel to one coordinate plane are ellipses, while its sections parallel to the other two coordinate planes are parabolas.
noun 1. a spring formed from two leaf springs having their convex sides outward.
elliptocyte el·lip·to·cyte (ĭ-lĭp’tə-sīt’) n. An elliptical erythrocyte. Also called ovalocyte. | <urn:uuid:4c627e93-9841-42f9-a9b9-8404e04f4014> | {
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The League of Young Bretons. By Yan Bricler. THE League of Young Bretons (Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz) is the most modern expres- sion of the renascence of Brittany. Since it is the logical result of the revival movement which began about 1800 it is necessary, in order thoroughly to understand the part it plays, to know something of the history of Brittany. A recent article by M. Mocaer gave, in these pages, an outline of the history of the Bretons since they were separated from the Welsh, and that sketch is enough to explain the Breton movement of to-day. It shows in chronological order how our national rebirth has come about. First of all there was the desire to study, the making of Breton grammars and dictionaries, the collection of folklore. Then came the spirit- ual movement: a few people, feeling that all that goes to make Brittany is beautiful, wished to preserve her charm, and felt that it was to her interest that this should be done. They united therefore to preserve the language, the traditions, and the interests generally of Brittany. They held meetings and much was written on the subject, including some beautiful poetry. After the war (1914-18) a new society was formed, its object being to unite the youth of Brittany. In the trenches young Bretons felt very. strongly that they were different from the French. When they got home they knew things about Brittany which no one had ever taught them. Others, younger still, fired also by pride in their land, joined them. They studied and they published month by month, in their organ "Breiz Atao" (Brittany for Ever), the result of their reflections. As a result of their study the young Bretons have realised that the ideas of their predecessors were too vague and incoherent; they have dis- covered what are the rights of their country and what is her situation to-day, and finally they have laid down a line of action likely to end in the revival of Brittany, and from that has developed the programme which their society has adopted. In order to understand on what this programme is based, it is essential to study the actual situ- ation of Brittany. Since the beginning of the sixteenth century Brittany had lost her independ- ence. Since the end of the eighteenth century she had lost all liberty, and she submitted to the laws of the French Republic and also to the decadent influence of the French people. The French Government shows its attitude towards Brittany in several ways : (I). It desires Brittany, as a separate entity, to disappear. To achieve this, it uses every means in its power: the schools, the army, the navy are its most powerful instruments. The State School is not the only means of education in France, but the private schools imitate it in their curriculum in order that they may have the same success in civil service examinations. This, then, is the fate awaiting the child who goes to school to learn to read in neighbourhoods where Breton is the usual language. The teacher tells him, in French, to read from a book which is written in French. Since the child cannot under- stand, his education is begun by gestures, as though he was deaf. He reads words which have no sense for him and sentences which call up nothing in his mind. In short, he is made to do that insensate thing, to learn to read in a tongue which he does not know. Luckily some teachers make use of, Breton-when the inspector is not there On the other hand there are schools where the equivalent of the "Welsh Note" is still used. The results of this method of education are deplorable; the Breton people know neither Breton nor French. They cannot improve their minds by any reading; they cannot increase their vocabulary; they are placed in a position of in- feriority in comparison with other nations. In the barracks, and in the navy of the Republic, Bretons are made fun of, and sometimes repri- manded, for speaking Breton. Those whom the schools have not already made ashamed of their mother-tongue, often lose there what was left of their national pride. In order the more easily to assimilate Brittany to France, the Government conceals from her her history. It is almost impossible to find in the school books a word on the history of Brittany, and the little there is consists usually of false- hoods and unwarranted interpretations of facts. (II). The French Government shows by its anti-Breton attitude, that it is aware of the exist- ence of Brittany. which existence, however, it does not admit officially. It treats Brittany as though it were inhabited by Frenchmen, as the following examples show Administration. In France the State interferes in the affairs of private individuals far more fre- quently than does the British Government. As the Breton language is not recognised, endless annoyances result for Bretons who do not speak French, or speak it only indifferently. Moreover, officials are ceaselessly changed from one depart- ment to another; those of Breton origin are rarely placed in their own country and Bretons have to deal with strangers who know nothing of their land Finally, the country was divided into departments, in 1789, by men who knew nothing at all of the natural divisions of Brittany, from whence comes real annoyance for the population Justice. First of all, the French civil code has grave faults which are keenly felt in Brittany. Then, by reason of the non-recognition of Breton, the situation of litigants is very painful, cases are prolonged, etc. How can the evidence of a wit- ness be clear and precise in a tongue which he knows only slightly ? When the witness does not
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Neuroscientists at UCLA have found that electrically stimulating a specific area of the brain using ultrafine wires enhances memory in epilepsy patients. If the technique can enhance memory in other patients, it might help with conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Our memory naturally declines with age, and in conditions such as Alzheimer’s, people can suffer devastating memory impairments. In a recent study appearing in journal eLife, neuroscientists have developed a technique that might help to improve memory.
The research team conducted a memory study in epilepsy patients, who already had ultrafine electrodes implanted in their brain, in an effort to find the source of their seizures. However, the electrodes were not only able to monitor electrical activity in the brain, but could also transmit a small electrical current to specific brain regions.
The team monitored the signal from the electrodes while the subjects performed a learning task of studying images of faces. A very small voltage, in a specific pattern of quick pulses, was delivered to the entorhinal area of the brain during the learning task, and the researchers found that the subjects were able to better recognize the facial images later, demonstrating that their memory was improved.
The technique shows that only a small voltage is required to influence memory and learning, and unlike previous studies where large areas of the brain were stimulated with mixed results, the highly specific and minimally invasive technology in this study likely helped. It remains to be seen if the technique could be exploited for other patients with memory impairments, such as those with Alzheimer’s disease. | <urn:uuid:b8143a20-787c-4906-b8cf-22a0ae83ed64> | {
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There are two commercially-used forms of this starch-hydrolyzing enzyme:
Alpha amylase breaks the alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds of starch to yield oligosaccharides. Slightly different versions of this enzyme are produced by the bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis and the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Alpha amylase is used to make corn syrup, beer, wallpaper removers, cold-soluble laundry starch, and digestive aids.
Beta amylase has exo-alpha-1,4-glucanase activity and acts on linear alpha-1,4-linked glucans, breaking alternate bonds to form maltose. This enzyme is found in most plants but is rare in fungi and bacteria; it is the amylase produced by germinating barley, which is used in beer production.
From the BioTech Dictionary at http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/. For further information see the BioTech homenode. | <urn:uuid:1b99b9f6-266a-4be9-b5a4-3a8f2b3f5a52> | {
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.svn file extension
- Subversion directory. Subversion uses this extension to indicate that a
the files and folders under that directory are part of a subversion
repository, and contains SVN administrative data. Subversion (SVN)is a
popular and free open source version control system, and can be configured
to use a different file extension.
For more information see:
- http://subversion.tigris.org - Subversion home page, for downloads and further information on Subversion.
Can you add to this? Do you know of any applications not already listed which will work with .svn files, view .svn files or open .svn files? Are you able to contribute any additional reference information or file format information about .svn files or have you spotted any errors or omissions? If so please let us know by emailing us at [email protected] - Thank you. | <urn:uuid:f271b8a0-537e-47af-b195-113fa753eb4d> | {
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Species at Risk
Why protect Fernald’s
Quarrying and road construction are serious threats to
this species. However, since Braya grows well in disturbed areas, it may colonize
the abandoned portions of quarries or the gravel shoulders of highways and
airfields! In turn, these new sites can be damaged by quarry operation, grading,
or excessive road traffic.
There are many reasons why a plant such as Fernald’s Braya
should be saved:
- It contributes to the Earth’s biodiversity.
It has a unique genetic make-up and is found nowhere else.
- It is part of a group of rare plants adapted to extreme environments
- It is one of the few plants that can colonize bare limestone soil.
- It beautifies limestone barrens.
- It fascinates nature lovers.
Before Fernald’s Braya was listed as a threatened species, few people
realized how fragile its habitat
was and how much damage it had suffered in the past 25 years.
The plant’s designation as a threatened species prompted Newfoundlanders
to set up the Limestone Barrens Habitat Stewardship
Program. Today, all elements of this ecosystem
benefit from recovery
efforts targeting Fernald’s Braya.
What is Parks Canada doing to save Fernald’s Braya?
Parks Canada is a member of the Limestone Barrens Species at Risk Recovery
Team, which consists of representatives of the federal and provincial governments,
universities and concerned members of the general public. This team works
to protect limestone barrens plants, like Fernald’s Braya, and their
- Parks Canada and its partners on the Recovery Team:
- monitor Braya population and their health;
- study the braya’s ecological requirements;
- assess the impact of herbivores and diseases on braya populations and
test methods of protecting the plants;
- support the Memorial University of Newfoundland Botanical Garden in developing
cultivation and propagation techniques for the plant and maintaining a seed
bank and braya nursery to provide a backup source of specimens;
- compare brayas from different populations to determine whether there
are any physical differences among them; and
- supply braya seeds to the Canadian National Seed Bank.
With its habitat stewardship partners, Parks Canada:
Scientists carry out an inventory of Fernald’s
Braya populations. © Dulcie
House / Limestone Barrens Habitat Stewardship Program
- carries out interpretation and public education activities at the Port
au Choix National Historic Site;
- supports public awareness and education activities carried out by young
people on the Port au Choix Green Team;
- cooperates with a fishermen’s committee to manage access to limestone
barrens at Port au Choix;
- supports efforts to sign a stewardship agreement with the municipality
of Port au Choix;
- helps to develop educational material about limestone barrens (posters,
brochures, Web site, meetings and art project); and
- produced interpretation panels about the limestone barrens for Port au
Choix National Historic Site (geology, climate, vegetation, and where to
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The background of the United States is large and complex, but can be broken down right into moments as well as periods that divided, combined, and changed the United States right into the nation it is now. The American flag did not appear like it does currently. Other than that, it went through a lot of modifications as well as alterations.
The American Revolutionary War
Enter the American Revolution. Sometimes described as the American War of Independence, or the Revolutionary War, it was a conflict which lasted from 1775-1783 as well as allowed the original 13 colonies to stay independent from Great Britain. Beginning in Great Britain in the late 1790s, the Industrial Revolution eventually made its way to the United States and altered the focus of the nation’s economic situation and the way it produces items.
These conflicts emerged from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies as well as the colonial government (which represented the British crown). Efforts by the British federal government to raise earnings by taxing the colonies (notably the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Tariffs of 1767 and the Tea Act of 1773) met with negative demonstration amongst many colonists, that disliked their absence of representation in Parliament as well as demanded the exact same rights as various other British subjects.
George Washington was made its commander-in-chief. Congress wished they might force the British to negotiate yet George III rejected to negotiate. Rather, in August 1775 he proclaimed that all the American colonies were in a state of rebellion.
By the autumn of 1781, the American army had begun to compel the enemy to retreat to Virginia’s Yorktown peninsula, near where the York River clears right into Chesapeake Bay. Claiming health problems, the British general sent his deputy, Charles O’Hara, to surrender; after O’Hara approached Rochambeau to surrender his sword (the Frenchman deferred to Washington), Washington gave the nod to his very own deputy, Benjamin Lincoln, who approved it. After French assistance helped the Continental Army compel the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had efficiently won their independence, though fighting would certainly not officially end til 1783.
The motion for American independence effectively triumphed at Yorktown, contemporary observers did not see that as the decisive success. British armies continued to be based around Charleston, as well as the effective main army still stayed in New York. The British exit of their troops from Charleston and Savannah in late 1782 lastly indicated the end of the conflict. British and American negotiators in Paris signed preliminary peace terms in Paris late that November, and also on September 3, 1783, Great Britain officially identified the freedom of the United States in the Treaty of Paris. At the same time, Britain authorized different peace treaties with France as well as Spain (which had actually gone into the dispute in 1779), bringing the American Revolution to a close after 8 lengthy years.
Just how the American Flag became
The American flag was developed to represent the new union of the thirteen initial states: it would certainly have thirteen stripes, alternating red as well as white, as well as thirteen stars, white on a blue area. One of the initial flags had actually the stars organized in a circle, based upon the suggestion that all colonies were equal. The thirteen stripes, laid out side by side, stood for the struggle for independence; red represented valiance, white signified purity and blue represented loyalty.
In 1818, after a few layout adjustments, the United States Congress decided to maintain the flag’s original thirteen stripes and add brand-new stars to show each brand-new state that entered the union.
While there is no doubt that the real Betsy Ross was worthy of interest in her very own right, it is the tale of Betsy sewing the first stars and stripes that has made her an extraordinary historic number. The Betsy Ross story was offered spotlight in 1870 by her grandson, William Canby, in a speech he made to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Canby as well as various other members of Betsy’s household signed vouched testimonies mentioning that they listened to the tale of the making of the very first flag from Betsy’s very own mouth.
Based on the oral history, in 1776, 3 men – George Washington, Robert Morris, and also George Ross, checked out Betsy Ross in her furniture store. She escorted them to her parlor, where they could have a private meeting. Right here, Washington took a folded up paper from his inside coat pocket. On it, was a drawing of a flag with thirteen red as well as white stripes as well as thirteen six-pointed stars.
Washington asked if Betsy could make a flag from the design. Betsy responded: “I do not know, however I will certainly try.” This line was made use of in the sworn declarations of a number of Betsy’s relatives, suggesting that it is a direct quote from Betsy. As the story goes, Betsy suggested altering the stars to 5 points instead of six. She demonstrated to them ways to do it with just one snip of her scissors. They all accepted to transform the design to have stars with 5 points.
Some people believe that it was Francis Hopkisnon who gave birth to the suggestion of the Stars and Stripes. Francis Hopkinson was a preferred patriot, an attorney, a Congressman from New Jersey, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, poet, musician, and also identified civil servant.
He was selected to the Continental Navy Board on November 6,1776. It was while working on the Continental Navy Board that he turned his focus on making the flag of the United States. Making use of stars because style is believed to have actually been the result of an experience in the war straightly pertaining to his propriety.
A publication in Hopkinson’s collection at his home in Bordentown was taken by a Hessian soldier in December 1776, a dark year of the battle. The soldier, one I. Ewald, wrote on the inside cover that he had seen the author near Philadelphia and that he, Ewald, had taken the publication from a great nation seat near Philadelphia. The soldier had composed above and also listed below Hopkinson’s bookplate, which had 3 6 pointed stars as well as his household motto, “Semper Paratus”, or “Always Ready”.
In a letter to the Board of Admiralty in 1780 Hopkinson asserted that he had created “the flag of the United States of America” as well as a number of ornaments, devices, and checks appearing on bills of exchange, ship papers, the seals of the boards of Admiralty as well as Treasury, as well as the Great Seal of the United States. Hopkinson had actually received nothing for this job, and also now he sent a bill and asked “whether a Quarter Cask of the public wine” would certainly not be a reasonable and also proper incentive for his labors.
Even so, nobody can be so sure who developed the American flag. The American flag is the sacred emblem of the nation. It symbolizes the residents’ birthright, their heritage of liberty acquired with blood and also sadness. The title deed of liberty, which is the nation’s to take pleasure in as well as keep in trust for posterity. Everlasting watchfulness is the price of liberty. As you see the flag silhouetted against the relaxed skies of the country, you are reminded that the American flag represents what you are – no more, no less.
Top American Flags around state of Michigan
As quoted from the Star Spangled Banner:
O say can you see, by the dawn’s early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
ZIP codes in Horton we serve: 49246 | <urn:uuid:6a7ab765-89aa-4518-94da-ea0940d85623> | {
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|Send to printer »|
GEN News Highlights : Aug 7, 2013
Math Casts New Light on Long-Studied Biological Process
For years biologists have taught their students that the process bacteria use to quickly adapt to metabolize preferred energy sources such as glucose is controlled only by glucose. Now, with some help from mathematics, researchers have demonstrated that the process, known as “catabolite repression,” is controlled not just by glucose, but also by other essential nutrients in a growth medium, such as nitrogen and sulfur.
The study is published in this week’s advance online publication of Nature.
Terence Hwa, Ph.D., a professor of physics and biology at the University of California, San Diego, and his team arrived at their surprising finding by employing a new approach called “quantitative biology,” in which scientists quantify biological data and discover mathematical patterns, which in turn guide them to develop predictive models of the underlying processes. Colleagues from Peking University in China, the University of Marburg in Germany, and the Indiana University School of Medicine collaborated on the study.
“Molecular biology gives us a collection of parts and interactions,” said Dr. Hwa. “But how do you make sense of those interactions? You need to examine them in their physiological context. Quantitative patterns in physiological responses, together with mathematical analysis, provide important clues that can reveal the functions of molecular components and interactions, and in this case, also pinpoint the existence of previously unknown interactions.”
Biologists have long known that when glucose is the primary carbon source for cells, bacteria such as E. coli repress genes that allow the organism to metabolize other kinds of sugars. This catabolite repression effect is controlled by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
“Previously, it was thought that glucose uptake sets the cAMP level in the cell,” continued Dr. Hwa. “But we discovered that in reality, it’s the difference between carbon uptake and the uptake of other essential nutrients such as nitrogen. So the picture now is very different.”
The UC San Diego scientists unraveled this relationship by measuring the level of cAMP and the level of enzymes that break down sugar molecules in bacterial cells against the growth rates of the bacteria, while subjecting these cells to limiting supplies of carbon, nitrogen, and other compounds.
“When we plotted our results, our jaws dropped,” said Dr. Hwa. “The levels of the sugar uptake and utilization enzymes lined up remarkably into two crossing lines when plotted with the corresponding growth rates, with the enzyme level increasing upon carbon limitation and decreasing upon nitrogen and sulfur limitation. The enzyme levels followed the simple mathematical rules like a machine.”
From the overall pattern, it is clear that there’s nothing special about glucose, he pointed out. “Now we know this process is not about the preference of glucose over other carbon compounds, but rather the fine coordination of carbon uptake in the cell with other minor, but essential nutrient elements, such as nitrogen and sulfur.”
Dr. Hwa believes that the results of the study may be valuable to the fermentation industry, where metabolic engineers strive to rewire the genetic programs of industrial microorganisms to increase their yield of desirable products, such as insulin for biomedical applications and ethanol for bioenergy. Other applications for this new knowledge include the study of obesity as well as cancer, he added.
To enjoy more articles like this from GEN, click here to subscribe now!
© 2013 Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:bfe152de-396c-4623-b199-14c4b64dfa84> | {
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During the 1960s there was a great drive
to develop VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft. Many aircraft
were designed, but most of these projects ended in failure. Only two aircraft
- the BAE Systems Harrier and Yakovlev Yak-38 - were put into production.
One of France's greatest attempts was the Mirage III V, which was successful
in many ways. Its most impressive achievement was high speed - today it
still holds the record for the fastest VTOL aircraft, having achieved
a top speed of Mach 2. However, after numerous crashes and the deaths
of test pilots, the project was finally abandoned and France never received
a VTOL fighter.
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In times of economic distress, gloomy narratives about Europe and pessimistic prognoses about the European Union's future, it seems that most of us miss out on a key point: Europe is already a fulfilled promise. It has brought peace, prosperity and eradicated the dividing lines along the continent. And there is no place where this seems more obvious today than in central Europe.
A quarter of a century after the fall of the Berlin Wall, it is easy to take for granted the peaceful transformation of a number of central European states from communism to fully-fledged democracies with market-oriented economies.
Given, however, the dramatic collapse of states and regimes in 1989 and the dramatic breakup of the Balkans that followed soon after, the relatively low occurrence of violent conflicts, quick democratization of the political and social sphere and swift economic reforms in central Europe have exceeded all expectations.
This success story is down to the determination of central European societies. These new governments took on huge hardships because of the "Promise of Europe" and an idea of returning home. The success was also an effect of European Union (EU) institutions and the membership path it has set before candidate countries. This path has provided a clear standard for democracy by which governments and people were able to measure performance. It has also created the strongest incentive for those countries to reform and to meet EU requirements.
"The unity of Europe was the dream of a few. It became the hope of many. Today it has become a necessity forall of us. It is necessary for our security, for our freedom and for ourexistence as a nation and as an intellectually creative community of peoples." Konrad Adenauer,1954
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Why is MRSA So Dangerous?
Before answering why MRSA dangerous, let us define it’s meaning first. MRSA or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an infection caused by staph bacteria and is defiant to any kind of antibiotic. Antibiotic is a medicine applied to get rid of bacteria or treat infections. Imagine what happens to your body, specifically to your skin if it resists antibiotic. It’s like having a body with chronic diabetes; too much blood sugar can’t heal any wounds.
MRSA infection expand by having close contact with the people with skin disease/infection and borrowing or using personal stuff that is being used by a person with skin infection like towel, shave or anything that is touched by their skin. A poor hygiene is also one minor aspect that we have to consider. We all know that people with poor hygiene is exposed to more and more bacteria. A personal sanitation is one of the basic things that one should constantly work on with because it is also the first thing that keeps us away from future illness.
MRSA is perilous. It is considered as an epidemic because it is contagious and can spread as easily as common colds and not to mention, a simple hug or kiss from an infected person can subtly slay you. Anyone in any place can get MRSA. MRSA is dangerous because it can penetrate the blood stream and can spread the bacteria easily and is because of the fact that people are unknowledgeable with regards to this.
Prevention is better than cure. MRSA is incurable or hard to cure and fatal therefore, we have to really take good care of ourselves. Boost your immune system, eat well, rest well and have a healthy lifestyle and perform daily personal hygiene. These goes out especially to the diabetic, the elderly and children, the prisoners, students and athletes because they are more likely exposed to the outside world and or have a weaker immune system. | <urn:uuid:bc1e5c0f-65dc-44a4-875a-e07b83140295> | {
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Most everyone can see why pi is so significant, but what's so special about e? It looks like someone's got too much time on their hands by the above equation. Well, for starters e is the constant that has several important properties in differential and integral calculus. Namely, the derivative of e raised to the x, is simply e^x. The derivative of all other numbers raised to the x fails this qualification. In fact using the natural logarithm (log base e), the process of derivation of a number to the x power becomes much simpler.
2 million digits of e
[In case you're curious]
2.7182818284590452 ... e starts off appearing to repeat, unfortunately it is irrational.
ok, e makes sense, now why the hell do we wish to waste our time looking at the square root of 2?
Well it all started with the Pythagorean theorem, and with the associated philosophies that suggested all geometric magnitudes could be expressed with rational numbers. Well if you take the diagnol of a unit square (sides equalling one unit) you would end up with the square root of two, and according to the pythagorean philosophies, that should be a rational number... Well, you take a look and decide if it looks rational to you.
5 million digits of the square root of 2
Well, if that isn't enough fun for you, how about the first 250,000 digits of the square root of 9. it's exciting!
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ...
Well, if you can see the sequence you'd realize it looks like anyother lame brain teaser sequence. Just add two consecutive numbers to get the next number.
id est, 0+1=1, 1+1=2, 1+2=3, 2+3=5 ...
Now, the only significant prupose to this sequence can be seen in the following diagram This shell represents a graphical illustration of the fibonacci sequence (the fibonacci spiral) and is also a cross sectional view of a nautilus shell. The fibonacci spiral is also seen in galaxy clusters such as the Milky Way. In addition pine cones, flower petal arrangements and seed heads also demonstrate similar graphical depictions of the fibonacci sequence.
The first 500 fibonacci numbers and their respective factors.
The Golden Ratio
Suppose you were to take the ratio of any two numbers of the fibonacci sequence, you would get a series looking something like:
1, 2, 1.5, 1.66..., 1.6, 1.625, 1.61538...
These would appear to be converging by oscillation. What are these number converging to?
They are converging to phi, the Golden Mean.
This number is considered to be the most significant constant in the universe, ratio's of the human body, ripples in a pond, all support the Golden Mean. It is the one number that when squared equals itself plus one, and whose reciprocal is equal to itself minus one. Phi can be derived by adding one to the qauntity (-1+sqrt 5) / 2
Phi: a page full of decimals. | <urn:uuid:5b383751-1982-409a-b927-7294c52ee9a5> | {
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Myth: Fresh vegetables are more nutritious than frozen
Fact: Studies show that sometimes you can get more nutrients from frozen veggies, depending on variety and how old the vegetables at your supermarket are. That's because produce starts losing nutrient quality as soon as it's picked.
Frozen vegetables are flash-frozen right after harvest so they are preserved at their peak of freshness when they are most nutritious. Your best bet in terms of taste, nutrition, and the environment is still local in-season produce. When that's not an option frozen can be a better choice (from a nutrient standpoint) than spinachthat takes two weeks to reach your table.
Myth: Cooked veggies are less nutritious than raw
Fact: It depends on the vegetable. "Cooking destroys some nutrients, but it releases others," says Marion Nestle, author of What to Eat. It destroys vitamin C and folic acid, according to Nestle, which is why it's not a great idea to cook oranges.
On the other hand, she says, cooking releases vitamin A and the nutrients in fiber and makes them easier to digest. It's also easier for your body to absorb more lycopene, a cancer-fighting antioxidant, in cooked tomato sauce than from raw tomatoes.
Steam or roast veggies instead of boiling, which leaches out water-soluble vitamins into the cooking water.
Myth: Iceberg lettuce doesn't have any nutrients
Fact: Iceberg lettuce is mostly water so it's hardly loaded with vitamins, but a large head does contain small amounts of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.
You'll get more nutrients from other greens that have less water such as romaine or butterhead lettuce, but contrary to popular belief, iceberg lettuce does have some nutritional value.
Myth: Local vegetables are always cheaper
Fact: It's certainly true that local produce can be good for your budget. This is especially true during the peak of harvest when farmers need to get rid of an abundant crop and there is a lot of competition.
However, there are no guarantees. Local food "is not in any way subsidized so you are paying the real cost of producing the food, and the economies of scale are not there," says Nestle. | <urn:uuid:3f39c950-aef8-4854-9017-577ff78cd9c7> | {
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Thyroid cancer: Follicular/Hurthle Cell Cancer
Follicular and Hurthle cell cancers are two different types of cancer, but they are often considered in the same category. Together, these cancers are the second most common thyroid cancer, after papillary cancer. They can occur at any age, but are more likely in older people. These cancers can be hard to diagnose on FNAFNA - fine needle aspiration biopsy biopsy because although the cells look "funny" or abnormal, there is nothing about the individual cells that are definitive for cancer (unlike PTCPTC - papillary thyroid cancer where the cells have a very classic appearance). In cases of follicular and Hurthle cell lesions, the only way to tell if it is a cancer is look at the capsule surrounding the nodule and see if there is invasion (i.e. growth) outside the nodule. Follicular thyroid cancer does not tend to spread to lymph nodes, but rather spreads through blood vessels to other organs, such as the lungs and bones. Hurthle cell cancers, on the other hand, will sometimes spread to lymph nodes in the neck region, but less commonly than papillary thyroid cancer.
2. Symptoms and signs
Most patients with thyroid cancer do not have any symptoms. Typically, patients present with a thyroid nodule that on further evaluation is found to be cancer. As with all thyroid disease, a thorough history is important, such as a family history of thyroid cancer, personal history of radiation exposure, or enlarged lymph nodes. Your physician will review with you any symptoms such as pain, swelling in the neck, difficulty with swallowing, shortness of breath, difficulty with breathing or changes in your voice. If the nodule is large, it may cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, choking sensations, or a large mass in the neck. Rarely, the cancer can grow into the nerves (i.e. the recurrent laryngeal nerves) that control the voicebox and cause hoarseness.
3. Risk factors
For most patients, we do not know the specific reason why they develop thyroid cancer. It is important to note that some patients with multiple risk factors never develop thyroid cancer. In fact, most people who have thyroid cancer have no obvious known risk factor. Known risk factors for follicular and Hurthle cell thyroid cancer include:
Papillary thyroid cancer is more common in people who have a history of exposure to significant ionizing radiation. Radiation induced thyroid cancer can happen at anytime between a few years after exposure to as long as 30 to 50 years later. Radiation exposure is broken down into three major categories:
X-ray treatments were widely used in the 1940s and 1950s. This radiation was used to treat acne, enlarged tonsils, lymphomas, ringworm, enlarged thymus glands, and other ailments. X-rays were also used to measure foot sizes in shoe stores, and many people fondly remember seeing their "glowing green feet" and playing in these shoe fluoroscopes for hours while siblings were fitted for shoes. Children, younger than 15 years old, are most sensitive to radioactive damage to their thyroids.
Radiation therapy to the head, neck, and upper chest are an increasingly common cause of radiation induced thyroid cancer. Lymphoma, head and neck cancers, lung cancer, and breast cancer are some of the more common cancers that are associated with radiation exposure to the thyroid.
Thyroid cancer can be caused by radioactivity released from nuclear incidents such as the 1986 nuclear accident at the Chernobyl power plant in Russia. Many of the children in areas of Russia and the Eastern Block countries were inadvertently exposed to radiation and went on to develop thyroid cancer. Some people may also be exposed to radiation at work. However, routine X-ray exposure (for example dental X-rays, chest X-rays, mammograms) have NOT been shown to cause thyroid cancer.
Severe and prolonged iodine deficiency tends to increase the risk of developing follicular cancer. Iodine deficiency is not common in the United States or most of Europe.
There are several tests used to evaluate and diagnose a thyroid nodule suspicious for cancer. These tests include:
Ultrasound A thyroid ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging study in which sound waves are used to see an accurate picture of the thyroid gland as well as any enlarged lymph nodes. The ultrasound can tell the nodule's size, exact location, and whether it is solid or fluid-filled (i.e. cystic). An ultrasound cannot differentiate between cancer and benign tumors, but there are certain things that suggest cancer such as hypoechoic nodules with increased vascularity (i.e. blood vessels), microscopic calcium deposits (i.e. microcalcifications), and irregular borders. An ultrasound is also useful to evaluate any enlarged lymph nodes. If suspicious or large lymph nodes are seen, they can be tested with a FNAFNA - fine needle aspiration biopsy biopsy. For patients with a diagnosis of cancer, a full neck ultrasound looking specifically for enlarged lymph nodes (i.e. lymph node mapping) should be performed prior to any surgery.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) FNA biopsy is the most accurate test for evaluating thyroid nodules. The biopsy may be performed under ultrasound guidance. A very thin needle is guided into the thyroid nodule and a small sampling of cells is aspirated or sucked into the needle. These cells are then examined under a microscope by a cytologist. An experienced thyroid cytologist is important to increase the accuracy of diagnosis. In cases of follicular neoplasmFollicular neoplasm - follicular cell tumor (benign or malignant) or Hurthle cell neoplasmHurthle cell neoplasm - variant of follicular neoplasm, the cells look abnormal, but the only way to make a diagnosis of cancer is to remove the thyroid lobe with the nodule and look at it under the microscope to see if there is invasion or growth outside of the nodule. There is about 15 to 25% chance that a follicular or Hurthle cell neoplasmNeoplasm - tumor that can be either benign or malignant is a cancer. The size of the nodule also plays a role in the risk of malignancy, especially for Hurthle cell neoplasm, where a larger nodule is more worrisome. Some physicians recommend treating any Hurthle cell neoplasm or nodule over 3.5 to 4cm as a cancer. Older patients and men are also more likely to have a follicular or Hurthle cell cancer than younger women.
Blood tests Most patients with follicular and Hurthle cell thyroid cancer have normal blood tests and thyroid function tests. Rarely, patients will have abnormal thyroid hormone levels and therefore, blood tests measuring levels of thyroid hormone (free T4T4 - thyroxine thyroid hormone and free T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHTSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone; also known as thyrotropin. The hormone that causes the thyroid to make and release thyroid hormone) may still be performed. Thyroglobulin levels are tumor markers (i.e. a blood test used to determine if the cancer has spread or come back). (See Thyroid Tests) Thyroglobulin levels in the blood may be measured in patients with known cancers after removal of the thyroid. Most follicular and Hurthle cell thyroid cancers make thyroglobulin, but not all do.
Genetic Testing No specific genes have been identified yet for follicular or Hurthle cell thyroid cancer.
Thyroid uptake scanThyroid uptake scan - radioactive iodine scan to detect hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules A RAIRAI - radioactive iodine thyroid scan can be performed to see if the thyroid nodule is functioning (a hot nodule) or non-functioning (cold nodule). Most hot nodules (97%) are benign and while cold nodules are more likely malignant, the chance of a cold nodule containing cancer is only about 10%. In general, FNA biopsy is more accurate and has replaced RAI scans in the work-up of thyroid cancer.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CTCT - computed tomography scan; special imaging to get a better picture of the anatomy scan) or Positron Emission Tomography (PETCT) scans These advanced imaging tests may be needed to see if large cancers are invading (i.e. growing into) or in close proximity to the large vital structures in the neck. They can also be used to identify involved lymph nodes, spread, or recurrence.
The best treatment for follicular and Hurthle cell cancers is total thyroidectomyTotal thyroidectomy - removal of the whole thyroid (i.e. removal of the whole thyroid). However, most of these patients will present with a follicular or Hurthle cell neoplasm. Therefore, most patients are initially treated with a thyroid lobectomyLobectomy - removal of half the thyroid to remove the nodule and make a diagnosis. (See Thyroid Surgery) If there is no evidence of invasion outside of the nodule, then it is a benign adenoma. However, if the cells grow outside of the surrounding capsule (capsular invasion), into blood vessels (vascular invasion), or into the lymphatics (lymphatic invasion), then the patient has cancer and usually needs to have the rest of the thyroid removed in an operation called a completion thyroidectomyCompletion thyroidectomy - when a lobectomy is performed and the pathology comes back that the lobe had cancer, the remaining lobe is surgically removed as well.. This can be done at any point after the first operation, but most surgeons prefer to either do it within a week or after 6 weeks.
If the cancer is very small and found only one side of your thyroid, or there is only a small amount of capsular invasion, without any evidence of vascular or lymphatic invasion, it may not be necessary to remove the rest of the thyroid. This decision will be made with your surgeon and medical doctors and depends on certain factors such as age, gender, size of the thyroid cancer, location of the cancer, and existence of enlarged or suspicious lymph nodes in the neck.
After total thyroidectomy, patients need to take thyroid hormone replacement pills for the rest of their life. Patients with thyroid cancer, who do undergo a lobectomy, and have only half of their thyroid removed, may still need to take thyroid hormone after surgery. The goal is to suppress or remove any stimulus for remaining thyroid cells to grow. TSHTSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone; also known as thyrotropin. The hormone that causes the thyroid to make and release thyroid hormone or thyroid stimulating hormone is the main signal that tells thyroid cells to grow and multiply. Giving a slightly higher dose of thyroid hormone than normal decreases TSH. The starting dose for levothyroxine for patients with cancer is approximately 2 mcg/kg.
Some Hurthle cell thyroid cancers will spread to lymph nodes in the neck. They may be felt pre-operatively on examination or seen on ultrasound. On ultrasound, the diseased lymph nodes may be bigger than normal, of unusual shape, or contain calcifications. The lymph nodes can be biopsied by FNAFNA - fine needle aspiration biopsy if they look suspicious. Removal of these lymph nodes is needed if the thyroid cancer is proven to have spread to them. This is called a lymph node dissection. (See Thyroid Surgery)
Radioactive iodine (RAIRAI - radioactive iodine) Thyroid cells normally take up iodine from the bloodstream and use it to produce thyroid hormone. In general, there are no other cells in the body that have the ability to concentrate iodine. Once the thyroid has been removed, RAI ablationRAI ablation - the use of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells (either benign or cancer) therapy may be used to reduce the chance of the cancer coming back and to destroy any remaining thyroid cells (called remnant ablation). (See Radioactive Iodine) Hurthle cell cancers tend not to take up RAI as well as other cancers, but some do. The decision to use or not use RAI ablation for patients with Hurthle cell cancers will be made with your surgeon and medical team.
Other treatments Very few patients with thyroid cancer need external beam radiation or chemotherapy. These treatments are usually only used for very advanced or severe disease. These large cancers may have grown into important neighboring structures which cannot be safely removed, or are very bulky, or have spread to nonsurgically treatable areas (metastasesMetastases - spread of cancer). These treatments are used as a palliative measure to control the growth of the disease, and not to cure it. | <urn:uuid:0475cea7-4e36-4069-9e2f-d50ea380bfec> | {
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Salmonella in horses
Salmonellosis is a bacterial infection that affects humans, horses, most mammals, birds and reptiles. Though there are multiple types of the Salmonella bacteria, and while all can cause disease in horses, most equine infections are caused by S. Typhimurium. In adult horses, Salmonellosis is usually a gastrointestinal disease and may cause severe diarrhea. In some cases, usually foals, it can cause systemic disease (septicemia) as a result of movement of the bacteria throughout the body. Salmonellosis can cause abortion, though this is rare in horses.
Salmonella is transmitted via oral ingestion of contaminated fecal material. The bacteria are shed in the manure of infected horses, and then ingested by other horses as a result of environmental contamination. A horse can become infected with Salmonella by ingesting grass, hay, and other feeds that are contaminated with the bacteria. In addition, things such as boots, water buckets, tack, shared grooming tools, and unwashed hands can carry the bacteria from an infected horse to a susceptible one.
Most adult horses that are infected with Salmonella develop a fever and severe watery diarrhea. There is often a foul smell associated with the diarrhea, and it can sometimes be bloody. The horse is typically weak and lethargic and may stop eating. Foals that are septicemic with a Salmonella infection are usually dull and depressed and have a high fever. Such foals may also display signs of lameness and joint swelling.
Many horses may have Salmonella in their systems but do not shed it, and most of the time they are not ill. A United States Department of Ag study documented that 1% of US horses were found to be shedding Salmonella on farm. A study at a large veterinary hospital in the United States found that 13% of horses admitted for colic were shedding Salmonella. Other studies have showed lower prevalence (3- 9%), especially among horses admitted for reasons other than colic. At the Univ of Minn College of Vet Med, 1 to 5 horses are documented annually with Salmonella infections.
An infected horse sheds more bacteria when it is showing clinical signs of diarrhea. A horse is more likely to develop illness if it ingests a large amount of Salmonella organisms at once, or if the horse is already sick or stressed. There are some horses which shed Salmonella without showing the typical signs of infection. This usually occurs when the animal has a small amount of Salmonella present within its intestines and is then exposed to a stressful situation, such as trailering, movement to a new facility, illness, or surgery. Shedding decreases over time and many horses will cease shedding altogether.
People can, and do, become infected with Salmonella from horses. Salmonellosis is a zoonotic disease, meaning that it can be transmitted between animals and people. If a horse is shedding Salmonella, it can cause illness in people by the same oral ingestion of contaminated feces. Signs of Salmonella infection in people can include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. It is important to always use good hygiene practices, including hand-washing before eating and not touching objects with manure contaminated hands.
Shedding of Salmonella organisms can be stimulated by stress or illness. Hence, horses seen at veterinary hospitals are more likely to shed Salmonella than are horses seen in their own barns.
Due to this fact and the risk of people becoming infected with Salmonella from an infected horse, equine hospitals have personal and equine patient hygiene steps in place to help prevent disease transmission.
The UMN has an infectious disease group that monitors the environment and any potential problems. High risk animals are cultured on arrival and during their hospitalization. The staff is also responsible for routine sampling of the hospital facility, including the floors and walls of stalls, hallways, treatment rooms, and surgery suites. The hospital also has a separate isolation building. Horses that have Salmonella positive test results are moved to this isolation unit, where there are strict regulations regarding the use of disposable protective clothing and good hygiene practices to prevent spread. | <urn:uuid:6202d57f-b742-4736-8bf8-cc164e408a21> | {
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-The supraspinatus is the muscle that runs along the top of the shoulder. -The distal supraspinatus tendon connects the supraspinatus to the upper arm bone, or humerus, and forms part of the rotator cuff, a group of muscles and tendons that support the shoulder. -The other three muscles whose connections to the arm constitute the rotator cuff are the subscapularis, which controls internal rotation; the teres minor, which controls external rotation; and the infraspinatus, which assists the arm in elevating during external rotation. -Supraspinatus muscle stabilizes the head of the arm bone in the shoulder joint preventing it from slipping upwards during shoulder movements.
Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral an medial surfaces of humerus Olecranon process of ulna Extends elbow Radial nerve
-They are named as triceps group of muscles, because it is not a single muscle. -These muscles make up over two thirds of your upper arm and work with the biceps muscles. -Triceps means three heads and that each of these heads (long, lateral and medial) performs a different function - -Anything that requires you to use straight arms generally means you are using your triceps. -The most common triceps injury is a pull or rupture, this can occur during overexertion in sports or weight lifting.
Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Acromion Process, spine of the scapula, the clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Abducts, extends, and flexes arm Axillary Nerve
-The deltoid is broken up into three parts the front deltoid, the side deltoid, and the posterior -Deltoids are one of the hardest muscles to develop while working out. -Constantly being involved in upper body movement the deltoid hardly gets and rest. -The name deltoid was originally called the Deltoideus. This name came about by the shape of the Greek letter Delta which is a triangle. | <urn:uuid:c14fcab5-1aef-4b89-b157-a096001e535d> | {
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Beautiful, shade-loving hosta plants are prized by gardeners for their large, lovely foliage that grows many shapes, sizes, colors and textures. That foliage is pretty much the same reason slugs love them. If you are eyeing a shady spot in your landscape and thinking about how nice a hosta would look there but don’t want slimy slugs treating it like an all-you-can-eat salad bar, consider purchasing thick-leaved varieties, which tend to be more slug resistant.
Hosta "Sagae" was first developed in 1985 and was named Hosta of the Year in 2000 by the American Hosta Society. This hosta is quite large, growing to 3 feet high and up to 6 feet across; when planting, give it a lot of room to grow, because it can take up to five years to fully mature. Its thick, slightly wavy leaves are bluish-green with gold margins that turn pale yellow if exposed to a lot of sun. Leaves can grow up to 14 inches long and 10 inches wide. It produces lavender or violent flowers and is wind tolerant.
Hosta "Sum and Substance"
Hosta “Sum and Substance” is another large hosta, growing up to 5 or 6 feet wide and 3 feet tall. Its glossy, wavy, upright leaves are chartreuse, fading to gold when exposed to sunlight, and are very large, growing up to 20 inches long and 15 inches wide. It produces white or pale lavender, bell-shaped flowers in mid- to late summer. This hosta is considered very pest resistant and is sun and wind tolerant. Among the most popular hosta variety, “Sum and Substance” is recommended by the University of Vermont Extension for gardeners who are growing their first hostas.
Hosta "Krossa Regal"
Hosta “Krossa Regal” is one of the largest and strongest hosta varieties. It can grow up to 3 feet tall and 6 feet wide. Its large, thick, heavy leaves have a leathery texture and grow in an upright vase shape. This massive blue-green hosta produces pale lavender flowers that grow up to 5 feet tall. “Krossa Regal” is one of the most popular and widely planted hostas in the U.S., according to AHS polling.
Hosta "Regal Splendor"
Hosta “Regal Splendor” was named AHS Hosta of the Year in 2003 but has been grown since 1987. It grows to more than 4 feet tall and 3 feet wide. It has blue-green leaves with a creamy white or yellow margin that can grow up to 12 inches long and 6 inches wide. It produces pale lavender, bell-shaped flowers that can reach 5 feet tall, among the tallest hosta flowers. “Regal Splendor” is a relatively sun-tolerant hosta.
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Art and Photo Journals
and Galleries Directory
Dedicated to the Preservation and Restoration of the Whole of Creation
Humans - Animals - Environment
"And God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day" (Genesis 1:31)
Wild Flowers of Sleepy Hollow Lake
- Hop Clover (Trifolium dubium) -
(To enlarge the photos, click on the photos or links)
(Hop Clover - 01) Hop clover is a member of the pea family. There are only four species of yellow clover in the United States, mostly concentrated along the Pacific Coast. We believe that this species of hop clover is Trifolium dubium, but we had a hard time distinguishing it from other species of hop clover. From looking at government and university web sites, it seems as though they use the names interchangeably, since the photos and descriptions appear to be the same.
(Hop Clover - 02) The actual size of this composite hop clover flower cluster is only about one-fourth inch in diameter. One of the interesting and distinguishable aspects of the hop clover is its ridged, or pleated flower petals; however, we could not see them until we magnified the flowers.
(Hop Clover - 03) This is a side view of the hop clover with its branching stem, palmate leaves with three leaflets, and flower cluster.
(Hop Clover - 03a) In this close-up photo of the hop clover leaves, we can see the top of one and the bottom of the other. Behind the upper leaf is a new hop clover bud.
(Hop Clover - 03b) In this bee's eye side view of the a hop clover flower cluster, we can see the lower flowers beginning to fade as the seeds ripen. This also allows us to more clearly see the individual flowers of the hop clover's flowering head.
(Hop Clover - 05) This is another close-up of a hop clover flower cluster.
(Hop Clover - 06) We could not find an accurate description of the hop clover flowers. It appears that each flower has a larger upper petal that forms a hood over the flower, with either one folded petal or two smaller petals underneath.
(Hop Clover - 07) Even in this bee's eye close-up, where we can see the cell structure of the petals, we can not fully identify all the individual flower components.
(Hop Clover - 08) We find the intricate and beautiful detail of something this small to be truly amazing. The hop clover is another example of the Creator's artistry.
| Wild Flowers of SHL: Photo Identification, Common Name, Scientific Name | Art and Photos |
Presented here are just a few of the countless components of God's creation. Just as we cannot have human and animal life without water and plants, neither can we have lasting peace without love and compassion. It is our hope and prayer that this series will motivate people to live and act in a cruelty-free manner; that we would no longer hurt or destroy each other, the animals or our environment.
If you would like to contribute a photo to
these series, please contact;
Frank L. Hoffman [email protected]
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© 2002-2003 - The Mary T. and Frank L. Hoffman Family Foundation. All rights reserved. May be copied only for personal use or by not for profit organizations to promote compassionate and responsible living. All copied and reprinted material must contain proper credits and web site link www.all-creatures.org .
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The themes of these All Creatures Art and Photo Journals and Galleries Directory cover such subjects as - creation, earth, environment, ecology, plants, flowers, birds, trees, creature, animal, animals, fine arts, watercolor, painting, paintings, pic, pics, pictures, photos, photography, vegetation, restoration, preservation, vegetarian, vegan, cruelty free, love, joy, peace, kindness, compassion, humor, poetry, quotations, lifestyle, Bible, recipes, sermons, stories, human, animal rights, God, Jesus, Christ, Lord, Holy Spirit, Jewish, Christian, Judeo Christian, health, ethical living, meditation, wildflower, wildflowers, Hop Clover (Trifolium dubium) hop clover (pic-b-21) | <urn:uuid:99906477-35f8-4d27-aa64-6437209953f1> | {
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SpaceX - Iridium NEXT IV Mission patch.
Dec. 23, 2017
Image above: A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket lifts off from Space Launch Complex 4E at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Image Credit: SpaceX.
The Falcon 9 mission, launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California at 8:27 p.m. Eastern in an instantaneous launch window, was the fourth of eight missions for Iridium, carrying the McLean, Virginia-based operator’s second generation satellites, called Iridium Next.
SpaceX - Iridium-4 Webcast
In what now is considered a rarity, SpaceX opted not to recover the rocket’s first stage, instead letting the booster fall into the Pacific Ocean. SpaceX has recovered 20 out of 42 first stage Falcon 9 boosters to date, with the first success following the launch of 11 Orbcomm satellites to low Earth orbit (LEO) in December 2015. Today’s launch was SpaceX’s fifth with a previously flown Falcon 9, using a first stage that had launched the second batch of 10 Iridium Next satellites back in June.
This was the fourth set of 10 satellites in a series of 75 total satellites that SpaceX will launch for Iridium’s next generation global satellite constellation, Iridium® NEXT.
Iridium NEXT: https://www.iridium.com/network/iridiumnext
Images, Video, Text, Credits: SpaceX/Iridium/Orbiter.ch Aerospace. | <urn:uuid:91582e72-be9f-4217-8488-92179fbf3aac> | {
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By replacing beef with more sustainable meats and vegetables we can:
Cut our campus' climate impact, because producing the beef we eat creates 5 times more greenhouse gases than other meats and vegetables.
Save our campus money, as beef is much more expensive than pork, chicken or other vegetable alternatives. Let's put the savings towards more sustainability initiatives or tuition assistance!
Improve the health of our student body, as numerous studies show that too much beef consumption is linked to a number of diseases.
Bring the campaign to your campus
Create your own campaign
Get started with
What's the impact of beef
on your campus?
Enter current lbs/beef served on your campus (green cell)
Press enter to see impacts!
Connect with the campaign | <urn:uuid:14d95b5f-f87e-48fa-a981-f0b4d635c319> | {
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Drug-resistant head lice can be difficult to treat, but they aren't invincible.
Lice are a common problem for children.
While they are harmless, they are becoming more difficult to get rid of.
Sophie and Bennett Orenstein were scratching their heads for at least a month before their parents knew there was a problem.
The counter remedies they used did not work.
Dr. Gabrielle von-Simson, who treated the Orensteins, says the parasites have developed a resistance to over the counter medication and may not disappear with one application.
"What I recommend is the manual mechanical removal of the active lice," she says.
It's a tedious and unpleasant task, but Dr. von-Simson says it's the best way to get rid of lice.
Olive oil and a fine tooth comb are what finally gave Sophie and Bennett some relief.
Once you rid your head of lice, you must also wash all your bed linens and towels as well as hats and hairbrushes.
Items that can't be washed can be stored in a plastic bag for two weeks.
"It is not a public health hazard," Dr. von-Simson says. "It is not life threatening. It does not cause infections. It does not communicate disease, and you're gonna get through it."
Doctors say the best prevention is frequent head checks. | <urn:uuid:85e78d83-dcc7-45ca-a8f7-ceabcb957663> | {
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|Francisco Vasquez de Coronado|
The First Thanksgiving in the New World was held at Palo Duro Canyon on Ascension Thursday, May 23, 1541. On that day, Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado and his men held a day of thanksgiving after "Coronado's expedition had left Mexico in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola, but instead of a mythical city of gold, Coronado and his men found the Llano Estacado, where there were no cities, no trees and very little water." (from homepages.vvm.com)The rest of that story can be found here. This series of events has been verified by historians the world over, so this is the first instance of Thanksgiving as we know it in the New World.
On April 21, 1598, another Thanksgiving took place in Texas. That story can be found here. Now we have two "Thanksgivings" quite a few years before the Pilgrims celebrated their own day of thanks at Plymouth Rock.
I know this story may ruffle a few turkey feathers, but history is history. I don't bring this up to in any way diminish the importance of the Thanksgiving at Plymouth Rock in 1621 as it was certainly one of the most historic days of the American story. Three groups of people came to the New World for various reasons and independent of each other by miles and by years, found a reason to celebrate a day of Thanksgiving in what is now the United States of America, long may She live. | <urn:uuid:0cc1c465-63d3-4f8c-8f40-f8034b6c2ef5> | {
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Liberty Hyde Bailey, Sr.
Sarah Harrison Bailey
Letter from L.H.B., Sr.
The Bailey Homestead
L.H.B. as a Boy
L. H. B., “Birds”
L.H.B. and Friends
L.H.B. as a Young Man
Ethel Zoe Bailey and L.H.B.
NY State College of Agriculture
Education of Women
Commission on Country Life
Liberty Hyde Bailey, Sr. moved to southern Michigan in 1842, and married Sarah Harrison in 1845. Liberty Hyde, Jr., was their third son, born in 1858. The pioneer family worked hard clearing woods, building a farm and planting an orchard, and produced much of their own food and clothing. They earned income primarily from butter, eggs, maple sugar, and wood, and Bailey Sr. worked off the farm to earn additional money for farm improvements. In 1854, they moved to South Haven at the mouth of the Black River, settling on a plot of land with good fruit growing potential. Sarah never recovered from the death of her eldest son in 1861; she died of scarlet fever in 1862. Bailey Sr. then married a young farm woman, Maria Bridges.
The Baileys were skillful and innovative farmers, and their farm became known for its prize-winning apple orchards. Father and son belonged to the newly organized South Haven Pomological Society. One of their orchards won a “first premium” as a model orchard, perfect in “culture, pruning, and fruitfulness.” Eventually the orchards included over 300 cultivars. Young Liberty became an expert on grafting; his skills were in great demand among his neighbors.
Liberty Hyde Bailey was educated in the local school, where his teacher, Julia Fields, taught him grammar, geometry, and Latin, and encouraged his interest in nature. He was also influenced by the books his father bought, including the Bible, Pilgrim’s Progress, Milton’s poems, and especially, Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species and Asa Gray’s Field, Forest, and Garden Botany.
|This exhibition is made possible through a generous gift in memory of Lelah A. Cole.
© 2004 Division of Rare & Manuscript Collections.
For reference questions, send mail to [email protected].
For questions or comments about the site, send mail to [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:397c4edb-3676-4ef4-8abb-77907ea75bad> | {
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Planting Bulbs for Summer Bloom
Plant these beauties in spring to brighten a summer garden.
There are actually a number of more specific terms including rhizomes, tubers, corms, and tuberous roots. We commonly use the terms fall bulbs, spring bulbs or flower bulbs when referring to a wide range of plants for both spring and fall.
Spring-flowering bulbs are actually planted in the fall. These tend to be hardy.
Summer-flowering bulbs planted in the spring and tend to be more tender.
Some of the more popular bulbs available for spring planting are:
Tips for Buying Bulbs
Look for bulbs that are firm and blemish-free.
Bulbs are graded according to diameter (centimeters), and are priced accordingly. Be cautious of bargains if you need a good show the first year. It's possible that a bag bargain "bag of bulbs" contains individual bulbs that are uniform in size or quality, or not in the best of health.
Reputable mail-order is a viable source for bulbs, but buying from a local nursery that sells them in bulk allows you to pick out the biggest, firmest bulbs, free of soft spots or white mold (fusarium fungus).
The presence of bluish gray mold (Penicillium) or blackish mold is typically nothing to worry about and can be wiped off.
For high-profile bed plantings, you may find that it's worth the higher price for the more mature, showier bulbs.
Younger (smaller caliber) bulbs, which are often sold at lower prices, can offer a great way of adding color to large areas or marginal areas of the yard where they can be left in place to naturalize and mature, gaining in size over time.
Bulbs generally have few insect or disease problems.
When and Where to Plant Bulbs
In terms of location, groups of bulbs make a much nicer show than individual "soldiers marching single file."
Most bulb flowers require full sun to light shade.
Create greater color impact in the garden by planting clusters of same-color flowers together in blocks or "bouquets." Visually, you get more "bang for the buck."
How to Plant Bulbs: Depth and Spacing
There are exceptions for some species, so it's always best to consult planting guide.
Larger bulbs should be planted three to six inches apart; smaller bulbs one to two inches apart.
Here are the basic steps for planting bulbs:
- Use a bulb planter or small shovel to dig your holes.
- Place bulb in hole with the tip pointed up.
Plant bulbs three times as deep as they are high, and space them apart equally.
Bulbs and Soil
Clay soils will typically kill the flower bulbs. Sandy soils are equally deadly as they drain water away too quickly. The ideal soil will hold its shape when squeezed into a ball but will break apart when gently poked with your finger.
Bulbs like their soil kept moist while they are actively growing and reasonably dry while they are dormant. Begin watering when green shoots appear and stop when foliage starts to yellow after flowering. Follow the planting guidelines for the flower variety for feeding and fertilizing.
Problems and Troubleshooting
Some reasons for poor flowering the first year could be the following: bulbs were planted too shallow; planted too late in the season; bulbs selected were not hardy for the region; bulbs were disturbed by animals--moles, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, etc.; bulbs rotted.
Rotting of bulbs is typically caused by using fertilizers excessively high in nitrogen or fresh manure, overly wet soil conditions, or because bulbs were of poor quality, bruised or cut. | <urn:uuid:99152a6d-2465-4d0e-974e-623a087f0c38> | {
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As much as we try to interfere with Mother Nature, it is important to remember that the body has its own remarkably natural way of fighting infections. Most of the time, however, we prematurely jump to the medicine cabinet for relief of fever and discomfort. We feel that desperate times call for desperate measures, no?
“Pop” some acetaminophen or ibuprofen and our symptoms temporarily subside. But what if the fever was intended to fight the infection?
A remote study (December 2000 Pharmacotherapy) compared the duration of illness in those who received anti-fever medication to those who did not take any drugs to lower temperature. The flu sufferers who took one of the anti-fever medications were sick an average of 3.5 days longer than whose who took nothing to lower fever.
Last month, an analysis was performed to estimate the expected number of U.S. influenza deaths directly attributable to fever reducers. According to the study, there is a predictable increase in U.S. flu death rates of which 5% were attributed to the use of anti-pyretics (e.g. acetaminophen and ibuprofen). That could account for between 700-2000 additional deaths/year depending on the flu strain that season.
Bottom line: If you (or your child) have a cold or flu associated with fever, let the temperature run a little higher. Temperature to 101 is acceptable and may not need to be treated. But if headache, nausea, vomiting or fever climbs over 102, then fever-reducers may be necessary. But this advice is not for everyone especially if your child has a history of febrile seizures (seizures associated with high temperatures). The Cleveland Clinic offers good advice on fever standards. It may be worth discussing your child’s ideal temperature with your medical provider.
** I did not suggest aspirin as medical professions recommend against the use of aspirin for flu or chicken pox (in children) as it could lead to Reye Syndrome, a potentially dangerous disease associated with brain and liver failure. | <urn:uuid:488bb1cc-7755-4ff2-8174-c3ca063d1023> | {
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You are here
Early literacy is what children know about reading or writing before they can actually read and write. Building these skills helps your child get ready for formal reading instruction.
For more information, visit our Early Literacy Skills page.
Storytimes & Book Clubs
Did you know? The FFL offers several weekly storytimes and play-to-learn programs for babies, toddlers and pre-K kids! We also offer several monthly book clubs for school aged kids.
Check our Events Calendar to find a reading event that's right for your child.
STEAM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Math.
The FFL offers many FUN opportunties around STEAM to help kids learn critical skills like problem solving and logical thinking. These programs set kids up for success in school, in their careers, and in life.
Check out our STEAM Programs for kids on our Events Calendar. | <urn:uuid:062b7e4f-b8ed-4be7-b5bc-49615fbfc107> | {
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Whatever It Takes Classroom Document
CCS Unified Instructional Strategies Teacher Handbook- All teachers will use this handbook of common CCS strategies beginning August 2018
Curriculum and Instruction Newsletter, August 2017
Curriculum and Instruction Newsletter, October 2017
Fishbowl Participant Application- Video clip from Harpold and Norman's Fishbowl Debrief Discussion
District Action Research Team Application
Directions for locating and adding to Elementary Learning Maps
Links to Elementary Learning Maps
Response to Intervention
Gifted and Talented Resources
The following videos have been created by members of our Closing the Achievement Gap cadre. These videos showcase their new learning of co-teaching models and ways they have been able to implement most effectively for the time they co-teach together. Our district is very proud of their growth mindsets and novice reduction efforts! They are making a difference!
Mr. Bessler and Mrs. Bitter's Fifth Grade
https://youtu.be/gq99kmEpIg0 (Station teaching and skill groups in reading)
Mrs. Trowbridge and Mr. Collinsworth's Third Grade Team Teaching
Amanda Kuper and Elizabeth Thorton's High School Co-Teaching Video
Station teaching: Students were working with various types of propaganda and rhetorical appeals. Students would switch groups to analyzing multiple types of propaganda/rhetorical appeals used in our everyday life. Students are in stations and teachers are rotating and sharing responsibilities in the classroom.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7ME6AK73qlvclRSaDJsNWtDQzA/view?usp=sharing (Station Teaching)
One speak/one add: This video highlights the use of the One Speak One Add co-teaching model. Teachers and students are discussing and brainstorming open ended questions to ask an interviewee. Students then turn these answers into an interview narrative. Teachers are sharing the responsibility of explaining content to students and getting student responses.
https://youtu.be/DNXaJGG_E6o (Team Teaching-One Speak One Add)
Mrs. Gilbert and Mrs. Tewes, Fifth Grade ELA: Station Teaching
Mrs. Kirst and Mrs. Wieland's Fourth Grade: This video highlights parallel co-teaching using formative evidence to pull small groups.
Mrs. Tewes and Mrs. McConnachie's Fifth Grade: This video highlights the co-teaching strategies of team teaching and parallel teaching. This was a writing lesson designed to help students use a particular strategy to assist in the development of their writing.
Lori Harpold and Jennifer Kaufman's Third Grade
Team Teaching: This is a third grade Everyday Math lesson on Polygons, Lesson 4.4.
Samantha Corman and Jessica Wimmers ELA 7th grade
The first part of the video co-teachers are using the Station Model for language review regarding sentence structure and phrases/clauses. The students were preparing for their upcoming summative assessment. The second part of the video co-teachers are using the Alternative Teaching Model to provide remediation for struggling students (hallway) and grade-level instruction (classroom) for students who have almost/already have mastered the learning target of identifying text structure.
7th Grade ELA: Samantha Corman and Gwen Haywood
Ms. Corman and Ms. Haywood worked in a combination of co-teaching models in this clip: parallel and station. Students were grouped based on a previous reading test that was completed the week prior. The parallel stations were teacher-led and worked on remediation with specific reading standards. The independent group (station) worked on upcoming reading standards since they had shown mastery on the previous reading test. The parallel groups read a story and answered multiple choice as well as open response questions with teacher models using chart paper on the board. The independent group read a story, worked on literary element questions, then picked an article/story of their choice from Scope Magazine to read and create an objective summary.
Alex Evan's fourth grade classroom discusses components of the PDSA model and strategies that enhance their learning. Alex is a member of the Closing the Achievement Gap cadre. This cadre focuses on high yield strategies and co-teaching models to help with novice reduction. Cadre members were introduced to this model a few weeks ago and her students are already beginning to explain the model and name strategies that help them learn.
Curriculum and Instruction | <urn:uuid:f963d9dc-423a-4c1d-9a05-700b0dc46015> | {
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Mus Musculus also known as the common House Mouse is the smallest of the rodents and will be found almost anywhere in Australia except for a few offshore islands. If you have mouses in your home it is vital to deal with the eradication in a quick and swift manner as the House Mouse breeds very quick and before you know it you will have an infestation or plague. The Mouse House is a serial pest in Australia and often will contaminate agricultural crops, food, industrial, commercial and residential spaces. The House Mouse has learnt very quickly to adapt to living with humans. House Mouses are very good at jumping, swimming and climbing. When The House Mouse fights and eats the House Mouse will rear up on their hind legs this is known as tripoding. House Mouse has very poor eye sight and solely relies on their sense of smell, touch, hearing and touch.
What Do House Mouses Look like?
The House Mouse will vary in sizes but are a lot smaller than the rat. Typically the House Mouse started off as a greyish to brownish colour but now you will see that the colour can vary with black, white, brown, grey, yellowish, white with different markings and so on. The House Mouse tail will be slightly bigger than its body and is usually lighter in colour than the rest of the body. They have small beady eyes and small ears.
Head to Body – 60-95mm
|Tail – 75 -95mm|
|Weight 10 -25grams|
Life Cycle of the House Mouse
|Life Span –3 years|
|Gestation Period – 19 – 20 days|
|Litter Size – 4 -6|
|Number of litters per year – 11 litters|
The House Mouse likes to live in places which are hidden from humans or other animals, they like their food and water source close to them. House Mouses will construct their nest from different soft materials and are quite territorial when it comes to their home. Mice will burrow extensively with interconnecting tunnels with multiple exits.
Signs Of An Infestation of House Mouse
|Gnawed Objects||House Mouses will gnaw every day to avoid their teeth growing to a point which is uncomfortable for them. They like to keep their teeth short & sharp. House Mouses will gnaw through almost any materials.|
|Droppings & Urine||House Mouses will leave droppings and urine in an area that they favour but can leave droppings and urine almost anywhere. Over a short period of time the droppings and urine will cause a smell. The also leave a very musky smell.|
|Rub Markings||House Mouses will leave a brownish to black smudge along the walls when running from room to room or in the pantry.|
|Paths & Runways||House mouses will always have a path or runway to which they use frequently between their burrow and their food and water source.|
|Sighting||House Mouses will hide during the day and will not be seen unless there is an infestation of House Mouses and that they are forced out of their natural hiding spaces.| | <urn:uuid:0c521064-9742-4617-b285-211037eb7cca> | {
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This is the preview of the accompanying infographic. The full infographic is available at the bottom of the page.
In the age of smartphones, teens are so immersed in media that it may seem hard to get their attention. SAMHSA recently found that one in five parents of teens didn’t think they had much influence on whether their teen used substances. Even worse, one in ten parents of teens hadn’t spoken to their child about substance use within the past year.
The thing is – parents actually do play a huge role in whether their children end up abusing substances. Kids who learn about the dangers of prescription drug abuse from their parents were significantly less likely to use substances than those who did not.
According to the CDC, we are in the midst of a prescription drug abuse epidemic.
- Prescription painkiller overdoses claim the lives of nearly 15,000 people every year, more than the number of heroin and cocaine overdose deaths combined
- Teens are particularly vulnerable to prescription drug abuse because the drugs are easy to obtain and falsely believed to be safer than street drugs
- One in ten teens and young adults between ages 14 and 20 admitted to misusing prescription pain killers within the past year
- Nearly one in four teens reported misusing or abusing a prescription drug during their lifetime
- Prescription medications are the drug-of-choice for 12- and 13-year-olds, abused more commonly than any other drug
"Surveys of teens repeatedly show that parents can make an enormous difference in influencing their children's perceptions of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drug use."
—SAMHSA Administrator Pamela Hyde
Parents don’t know, or maybe they don’t care
No one wants to believe that their child is using alcohol or drugs. The truth is that parents are often mistaken about their children’s substance use, and prescription drug abuse is no different. In a recent survey, 10 percent of teens admitted to either misusing or abusing medication in the past six months, but only 6 percent of parents of teens said their child abused medications. The National Poll on Children’s Health found that there were ten times as many children using “study drugs” (such as Adderall or Ritalin) as parents who reported their child using them.
Not only do parents not know that their child is misusing prescription drugs, many parents aren’t too concerned about it. The PATS Survey found that many teens and parents mistakenly thought that prescription drugs were safer than street drugs, and nearly a quarter of teens reported that their parents would be less angry if they were caught with prescription drugs than with illegal drugs.
These teens have reason to suspect that their parents might be more lenient about prescription drug misuse, considering that one-fifth of teens reported that their parents gave them a prescription drug that was not prescribed to them. Additionally, 14 percent admitted that they themselves have misused or abused prescription drugs in the past year.
Parents often don’t discuss prescription drug abuse with their kids. According to PATS, only 14 percent of teens reported that their parents had talked about the abuse or misuse of any type of prescription drug in their last talk about substance abuse. Twice as many teens reported that their parents talked to them about crack/cocaine use, despite the fact that only 9 percent of teens have used crack/cocaine in their lifetime, less than half the amount who misused/abused prescription drugs.
Parents need to talk to their children about prescription drug abuse
Talking to children about the dangers of prescription drug abuse and misuse goes a long way. Teens that had learned “a lot” or “a little” from their parents or grandparents about prescription drugs were up to 42 percent less likely to abuse prescription drugs than teens that reported learning “nothing.”
Multiple studies have shown that teens of parents with a lax attitude about drug use are far more likely to end up using drugs. PATS found that of the teens who said that their parents don’t care as much about prescription drug use (compared to illegal drug use), 32 percent had used unprescribed medication in their lifetime, higher than the 24 percent average and the 20 percent of teens who said their parents cared as much.
In fact, parents have an even greater impact on whether their children abuse prescription drugs than illegal drugs by reducing access. Four in ten teens reported that the prescription medication they used came from their parents’ medicine cabinet. Parents can reduce access to prescription medication by monitoring and securing their prescription drugs and disposing of any expired or unused medications.
"Surveys of teens repeatedly show that parents can make an enormous difference in influencing their children’s perceptions of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drug use," said SAMHSA Administrator Pamela Hyde. So talk to your kids about prescription drug abuse – they’ll listen.
How should you talk to your kids about prescription drug abuse? We’ve compiled these resources:
- Parent Talk Kit: Tips for Talking and What to Say to Prevent Drug and Alcohol Use
- The Parent Toolkit: A Drug and Alcohol Prevention Resource for Parents
- Prescription Drug Abuse: Not In My House
- Time to Act! How to Tell if Your Teen is Using and Taking Action to Intervene
- Talking to Your Kids about Prescription Drug Abuse Brochure
- Growing Up Drug Free: A Parent’s Guide to Prevention
- Navigating the Teen Years: A Parent's Handbook for Raising Healthy Teens | <urn:uuid:a556881e-092b-4a8e-9ec1-57d16f982dcc> | {
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Info, Rules & Guidelines || stopBSL FAQ || The List of Targeted Breeds
The Complete Member List || !RARE! Breed of the Month Features
Welcome to Our !RARE! Breed of the Month Feature!
Previous !RARE! Breeds of the Month
January's !RARE! Breed of the Month
February's !RARE! Breed of the Month
March's !RARE! Breed of the Month
April’s !RARE! Breed of the Month
2011 !RARE! Breed of the Month Recap
Featuring May’s !RARE! Breed of the Month
the Shikoku Dog / Shikoku Inu or Ken
What is a Shikoku?The Shikoku dog is a rare breed of hunting dog developed in ancient Japan. This breed gets its name from the Island of Shikoku in the Kochi Prefecture where it originates. The Shikoku is also known as the Kochi-ken, both "ken" and "inu" meaning "dog" in Japanese.
History & OriginThe Shikoku is descended from the medium sized dogs of ancient Japan. It was developed as a hunting dog, mainly used on boar in the mountainous regions of Kochi. There were originally three varieties of this breed, each named for the area in which it was bred.
Appearance & StructureThe Shikoku is a medium-sized, well balanced dog with clean cut muscles that generally weighs 35-55 lbs. and stands 17-21 inches tall when fully grown. It is related to the smaller Shiba Inu and the larger Akita, and is similar in build to both its cousins. The breed is classified as a primitive spitz-type having a thick double coat, curled tail and erect ears.
ColorThe Shikoku’s color can vary only from sesame (equal mix of black and white hairs), black sesame (more black than white hairs), and red sesame (ground color of red mixed with black hairs).
TemperamentThe Shikoku dog has a great spirit and is devoted to its master. They are generally reserved around strangers and can make good watch dogs. The Shikoku dog is not for everyone though. Because of their primitive nature and strong prey drive they require proper socialization from puppy hood and obedience training. The Shikoku is well-behaved in the home but is quite athletic and enjoys a fair amount of exercise. They are wonderful companions for hiking and camping but should not be allowed to roam freely as they are hunting dogs by nature. They are a highly intelligent breed and show great aptitude for agility and obedience utilities.
Featuring May’s Targeted Breed of the Month
the Cane Corso / Italian Mastiff
The Cane Corso is often subject to breed-specific legislation as well as other forms of discrimination, even at times confused with other entirely different breeds such as the American Pit Bull Terrier and is known to be a "high risk" breed discriminated against by insurance carriers; the breed is restricted and banned in cities throughout the United States and is banned as a whole in Bermuda.
Prior to 1988, the Cane Corso was only known in Southern Italy, and was otherwise considered a well rare breed, and has been officially recognized by the American Kennel Club as of 2010. The Cane Corso is a powerful yet noble and majestic dog, the smaller of the two mastiff breeds native to Italy, the other, larger version being the Neapolitan Mastiff while the Cane Corso is a slightly smaller, yet strong, sturdy and athletic built breed ready to perform any task or meet any challenge.
• Country of Origin: Italy
• Functionality: Guardian & protector, watchdog
• Coat Colors: Acceptable colors are black, lighter and darker shades of gray, lighter and darker shades of fawn, and red including brindle which is allowed on all of these colors. Solid fawn and red, including lighter and darker shades have a black or gray mask which does not go beyond the eyes. Markings may be a white patch on the chest, throat, chin, backs of the pasterns, and on the toes.
• Height: Dogs – 25 to 27.5 inches & Bitches – 23.5 to 26 inches
While the Cane Corso is a docile and affectionate breed to its owner, and loving to children and family, it is also a loyal, noble protector and guardian. The breed is intelligent and is described as obedient and easily trained, best when begun during puppyhood. | <urn:uuid:b7bbfc1d-9d92-41ef-85e3-0c426ae73350> | {
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London 1000 Years
Treasures from the Collections of the City of London
- Tells the history of London through a selection of 100 important items from the documentary and graphic collections of the City of London
Drawing on the remarkably rich documentary and graphic collections of the City of London, this unique survey tells the history of London, and its role on the wider national and world stage, through a selection of 100 treasures. These may be iconic items connected with famous people or important moments in history, such as William I’s confirmation of the City’s liberties, issued in 1067, or the City’s copy of Magna Carta, issued in 1297; or they may be less obviously remarkable items that offer a unique insight into aspects of London life, such as trade cards, plans for the Thames Barrier or Elizabeth David’s annotated cookery books. This beautifully produced book is arranged in five sections: the National and World Stage; the Engine of Finance; London Life; Growth and Renewal; the Arts and Sciences. Each section opens with an introductory text that is followed by scholarly entries on individual items. It will appeal to readers interested in the history of the City (and London more generally) as well as in books, documents and art.
David Pearson is Director of Libraries, Archives and Guildhall Art Gallery for the City of London and has previously worked in several major academic and research libraries. He has an extensive record of lecturing and publishing. | <urn:uuid:c5ba5b5e-78e6-46e2-b7d9-9a9b46a52ad9> | {
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The contemporary political history of the Republic of Colombia
Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in
World History Archives and does not
presume to validate their accuracy or authenticity nor to
release their copyright.
- Campesinos Murdered by Colombian
- Weekly News Upate on the Americas, 29 January
1995. Paramilitaries acting independently to repress the
- Violence in Colombia
- By Carrigan, NACLA Report on the Americas,
March/April 1995. Decade long systematic assassination of
progressive politicians, unionists and UP party members by
alliance of army and large landowners.
- The Present Crisis in Colombia
- From the Colombia Support Network, 31 August
1995. Corruption of President Samper's government,
judicial treatment of Cali drug cartel, and US
- Stop the genocide in Colombia!
- People's Weekly World, 2 September
1995. Brief example of effort to eliminate political
- High Colombian Human Rights Official Forced
to Resign and go into Exile as Military Toughens Stance in
Opposition to Human Rights
- From Colombia Support Network, 4 September 1995. Murder of
Nydia Erika Bautista, a guerrilla group member, in 1987, by
General Alvaro Velandia Hurtado, and the suppression of
human rights concerns.
- At Least 20 Killed As Colombian Rebels Battle
- By Christopher Torchia, Associated Press. 3 February
1997. Columbian army may have overrun a Revolutionary Armed
Forces of Colombia (FARC) base.
- Right-wing terror increases
- Workers World, 22 May 1997. Paramilitary
death squads working for military and landowners take
revenge for worker-peasant uprising of September 1996, led
by FARC and ELN.
- Mapiripan: A Shortcut To Hell
- By María Cristina Caballero, originally in CAMBIO16,
July 28/November 3, 1997. A paramilitary incursion from July
14 to 20 by private armed groups that combat guerrilla
forces made Mapiripan in the Colombia Plains Region into a
mere ghost town (68 Kb).
- Introduction by Ralph McGee to a Washington Post
article of 29 August 1999.
- General strike shakes up U.S.-backed
- By Monica Somocurcio, Workers World 16
September 1999. A massive general strike ended September 2
after two days, which was called by Colombia's labor
unions in conjunction with unorganized workers, peasant,
grass-roots, student and community organizations, which
demanded an end to President Andres Pastrana's economic
policies of austerity and privatizations.
- Behind Colombia's general strike
- By Dick Nichols, Green Left Weekly, 22
September 1999. Colombia's workers, unemployed,
peasants, shantytown dwellers and Indian minorities launch a
national stoppage against the economic austerity plans of
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Conservative
government of President Andres Pastrana. | <urn:uuid:bfcbbec6-29a2-4f27-8460-c4280753e162> | {
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Efficiency and redundancy are contradictory characteristics [#permalink]
09 May 2005, 15:53
0% (00:00) correct
0% (00:00) wrong based on 0 sessions
21. Efficiency and redundancy are contradictory characteristics of linguistic systems: however, they can be used together to achieve usefulness and reliability in communication. If a spoken language is completely efficient, then every possible permutation of its basic language sounds can be an understandable word. However, if the human auditory system is an imperfect receptor of sounds, then it is not true that every possible permutation of a spoken language’s basic language sounds can be an understandable word.
If all of the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?
(A) Efficiency causes a spoken language to be useful and redundancy causes it to be reliable.
(B) Neither efficiency nor redundancy can be completely achieved in spoken language.
(C) If a spoken language were completely redundant, then it could not be useful.
(D) If the human auditory system were a perfect receptor of sounds, then every permutation of language sounds would be an understandable word.
(E) If the human auditory system is an imperfect receptor of sounds, then a spoken language cannot be completely efficient.
E is the only answer that makes sense since for a language to be efficient then every possible permutation of its sounds CAN be an understanble word and thats possilbe only if the human auditory system if a perfect receptor of sound
All others make assumptions that are not GIVEN in the text
D is incorrect because, for every permutation of language sounds to be an understandable word, the auditory system should be perfect receptor and the language should be efficient. Since the language efficiency is missing D cannot be inferred. | <urn:uuid:a1ec1a3a-6e2e-42aa-9f0a-65368554e200> | {
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an iris, Iris tectorum, of China and Japan, having frilled, violet or white flowers.
adjective 1. having no roof. 2. without the shelter of a house: roofless refugees.
noun 1. the outline of a rooftop.
- Roof of fourth ventricle
roof of fourth ventricle n. The roof of the fourth ventricle formed by the inferior and the superior medullary vela.
- Roof of tympanum
roof of tympanum n. The roof of the middle ear, formed by the thinned anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. | <urn:uuid:688c1cea-dc82-488e-97df-25fc9d49746f> | {
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THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
The road to freedom is one of the great themes of American history. The story of the Underground Railroad exemplifies the profound power of that journey. Following the lead of its famed anti-slavery preacher Henry Ward Beecher, Plymouth Church played a fundamental part in New York City's underground activity.
From the very beginnings of slavery in America, slaves escaped to freedom. They ran to the wilderness; they went to live with the ever-hospitable Indians; they slipped into cities and made their claim as free blacks. In the Revolutionary era, Puritan New England and Quaker Pennsylvania passed legislation abolishing slavery. The exodus northward, which came to be known as the Underground Railroad, began. By 1831, the term "Underground Railroad" had been coined to describe the informal, secretive network of ordinary citizens, black and white, whose safe houses offered refuge.
Although Plymouth Church was not established until 1847, just fourteen years before the start of the Civil War, it later became known locally as “the Grand Central Depot” of the Underground Railroad. Oral tradition and several published memoirs tell us that slaves seeking passage to Canada may have hidden in the tunnel-like basement beneath the church sanctuary (this space can still be visited during our public and school tours). Beecher's private stenographer, T.J. Ellinwood, quotes the Minister as claiming, “I opened Plymouth Church, though you did not know it, to hide fugitives. I took them into my own home and fed them. I piloted them, and sent them toward the North Star, which to them was the Star of Bethlehem." The Rev. Charles B. Ray, an African-American living in Manhattan and the founding editor of the Colored American newspaper, was quoted as saying, "I regularly drop off fugitives at Henry Ward Beecher's Plymouth Church in Brooklyn.” Other churches in Brooklyn and Manhattan, especially Black churches, also hid escapees, but most have since moved to newer buildings. Plymouth Church is one of the few active Underground Railroad congregations in New York still housed in its original location.
Plymouth's first minister, the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, spearheaded and symbolized Plymouth's antislavery activity, but the founding members of Plymouth selected him as their pastor in no small part because they knew he would do so. He already had a record as an opponent to slavery when he made those beliefs clear in his trial sermon for Plymouth. Beecher and his peers were greatly influenced by the Second Great Awakening, a Protestant religious revival of the early 1800s, firmly committed to abolishing slavery. As a student at Amherst College, he helped found an abolitionist organization, which was promptly shut down by the faculty. At seminary in Cincinnati, he contributed to an antislavery newspaper which was mobbed and destroyed; he also patrolled the streets of that city, fully armed, when temporary special policemen were called upon to protect free blacks from threats. When he was a minister in Indianapolis, his limited preaching on the subject caused members to leave his church, but he remained active in the Underground Railroad there, as his widow, Eunice, recalled years later.
Enormous publicity surrounded one of Beecher's first antislavery acts at Plymouth Church. In 1848, 77 fugitive slaves were sold in Washington after the failure of the largest group escape attempt on the Underground Railroad. In that group were two teenage girls, the Edmondson sisters. Thanks to the fundraising efforts of people like Beecher to regain the girls' freedom, the Edmondsons galvanized public support for the abolitionist movement--and inspired Beecher's own sister, Harriet, to write Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Beecher, with his newly elevated public profile, had to be especially circumspect in harboring escaped slaves. Eventually, in 1872, he was named by The Brooklyn Eagle as an active participant in the Underground Railroad. The article claimed that Plymouth's minister helped dozens of fugitives in cooperation with a man in New York named “Napoleon.” This Napoleon “had the matter of escape under his charge and whenever a slave was sent on to Mr. Beecher he, Napoleon, would fix things along the Central Railroad and see to it that the officials along the route were got into friendly disposition for the fugitive.” The article does not indicate Napoleon's race, but he may well have been black, for black involvement in the Underground Railroad almost certainly exceeded that of whites.
There are believed to be many members of the Plymouth congregation who were active in the Underground Railroad. Evidence suggests that escaped slaves were hidden in the homes of several Plymouth members. The Church treasurer, S.V. White, had a small chamber in his house said to have been used to hide runaways, a room that was still in existence in the 1900s. One of the church's greatest activists in the Underground Railroad was Lewis Tappan. He is best remembered as a leader in organizing efforts to release the escaped slaves of the Amistad in 1839. Later, he helped fund the creation of Plymouth Church (his daughter, Lucy Tappan Bowen, was one of the original 21 members), but he did not join until 1856. As part of his work helping runaway slaves, he provided refuge in his home to a 15-year-old girl who escaped by pretending to be a male conductor on a New York-bound ferry.
All this was taking place in one of the most pro-slavery states of the North. Not until 1827 was slavery finally abolished in New York. Much of this attitude may be traced to the years when New York was a proprietary colony of the Duke of York, a major shareholder in the slave-trading Royal Africa Company. With his powerful influence, he instructed the governors to do everything possible to sell more slaves. After independence, the close business relations between Southern planters and New York merchants continued to enhance pro-owner sympathy.
Whatever ambivalent feelings about slavery remained in New York, they were greatly tested in 1850. That year, the country began negotiating slavery in the newly acquired territories seized during the Mexican-American War. The designation of new slaveholding states, plus the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act requiring all American citizens to assist in apprehending runaway slaves, incensed many Northerners. The work of the Underground Railroad intensified. These were the years of Plymouth Church's greatest involvement, and, by 1860, it was certainly the most famous church in America. One year later, the Civil War began, and Plymouth continued to supply material and spiritual support to a devastated country. Five brutal years later, slavery was outlawed, and Plymouth Church's role in the Underground Railroad could finally, thankfully, come to an end.
The exact statistics of the Underground Railroad--how many slaves escaped, how many free citizens aided them--will never be known. But we do know that this was a time and an undertaking in which blacks and whites came together to right a grievous wrong. It should also be said that, for the members of Plymouth Church, and for most if not all of those who took part, they did so to live out their Christian faith.
National Historic Landmarks: Plymouth Church
National Park Service Underground Railroad: Plymouth Church | <urn:uuid:14e53772-57f1-4d8d-a2a7-b73aeb610a95> | {
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The European Council
The European Council is the EU institution that defines the general political direction and priorities of the European Union. It consists of the heads of state or government of the member states, together with its President and the President of the Commission.
Read more about the role of the European Council
The Council of the European Union
The Council of the EU is the institution representing the member states' governments. Also known informally as the EU Council, it is where national ministers from each EU country meet to adopt laws and coordinate policies.
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The Council of the EU and the European Council are active in a wide range of areas, from agriculture to justice and transport.
Find out more about topics
The Council of the EU and the European Council work on a wide range of issues affecting the interests of the EU and its citizens.
Follow the latest developments on policy-making and on legislation under negotiation.
See all policies
The European Council brings together EU leaders at least four times a year.
The Council of the EU meets in different configurations depending on the topic discussed.
Committees and working parties handle the preparatory work on files before they are discussed at Council meetings.
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Documents & Publications
Council and European Council documents are made available through the public register, in accordance with EU rules on transparency.
You can also take a look at Council publications, access the archives and search for legislation that the Council negotiates together with the European Parliament.
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The press office is the first point of contact for all media requests. Press officers speak 'off the record' about the Council's activities.
The press office holds press events, offers audiovisual coverage of major events and provides facilities for journalists.
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The headquarters of the Council of the EU and the European Council are located in Brussels (Belgium).
You can get in contact to arrange a visit, ask questions about the work of both institutions, and request a document, among other services.
See all contact information
The EU is working on a new regulation updating and modernising the protection of personal data. | <urn:uuid:a1924ebd-e776-4617-b61e-d3de283e5e0a> | {
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In our efforts to investigate Palestinian woman participation in politics during the 1940’s we addressed narrators, men and women. We had certain knowledge of the deficiency in the written history regarding women participation in politics in the 1940’s, in particular during the period 1939-1947. In addition we investigated the role of the secret women organization “Zahrat Al-Uqhuwan” as the history books recorded to have been established in 1948. We intended to know their real political role even through the Palestinian immigration year 1948, trying to record the agony and suffering of the Palestinian women and people during this period. Was the participation done by the city women or also by the villagers? Was it political? What about the military participation?
Our efforts, when investigating the narrators’ statements, were focused on what is not clarified by the written history. The written history records could be confirmed; others could be corrected, leaving the information in the hands of the researchers to benefit from.
“The Palestinian Women's Research & Documentation Center / UNESCO – Al-Bireh – Palestine, 2006” | <urn:uuid:cb0f7534-c26d-484a-840e-e77e33dc1553> | {
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In coastal Southwest Florida, however, a different mix of plovers can be found. Resident plovers such as Wilson's and Snowy's are joined by Piping and Semipalmated in the winter. All four small plovers (perhaps the Wilson's is more medium than small) can be seen well from Fall to Spring on the Florida Gulf Coast (the photographs here were taken at Little Estero Lagoon and Bunche Beach).
Each of the four small plovers is readily distinguished by leg color, bill size, and plumage coloration as follows.
First -- Wilson's Plover [picture above taken at Little Estero, Florida]: this plover is medium sized with dull pinkish legs, a large bill, and a single neck band (more prominent in the male). Brown upper parts contrast with white elsewhere. The large bill comes in handy for larger prey like fiddler crabs. In the breeding season, they will nest on the beach and rear their young very attentively. The female does a credible job of the broken wing display (see below in collage) when luring away threats to her brood.
Unlike the Wilson's, Semipalmated Plover breeds in the Northern regions of the American continent. It is a widespread migrant and a common over-winterer in Florida. It has orange legs and, in breeding plumage, shows both a black band and a mask [see collage below]. It is classified as "Least Concern".
The Snowy Plover [above] has silvery legs, a broken neck band and a small forehead arc [in breeding plumage, like the Piping]. It has grey upper parts and blends perfectly in the sand.
The Piping Plover's plumage is pale like the Snowy's but has legs and bill like the semipalmated. it is perhaps the most distinctive of the four. It is classified as "Near Threatened" due to pressures related to lakeshore disturbance in the summer where it breeds.
This quartet of delightful plovers add color and variety to the drab greys of wintering peeps on the mudflats and will enthrall the discerning observer every time! | <urn:uuid:db8f2a14-ba40-409f-bed6-6f32fb513916> | {
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We can hardly doubt but that if this new canon had then been published, the decimal graduation of the quadrant would have been very generally adopted even at the beginning of the present century; by the end of the first decade of this century it might indeed have been universally adopted. But the new trigonometrical tables, though magniloquently described, never made their appearance ; and thus for something like seventy years the progress of the sciences thereon depending has been impeded.
Very few are old enough to remember the disappointment felt throughout the scientific world. About 1815, in our school, the boys were exercised in computing short tables of logarithms and of sines and tangents, in order to gain the right to use Hutton's seven-place tables; and well do I recollect the almost awe with which we listened to descriptions of the extent and value of the renowned Cadastre Tables.
In 1819 the British Government, at the instigation of Gilbert Davies, M. P., approached the French Government with a proposal to share the expense of publishing the Cadastre Tables, and a commission was appointed to consider the matter. The negotiations, however, fell through, for reasons which were never very publicly made known; but in the session 1820-21 the rumour was current amongst us students of mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, that the English Commissioners were dissatisfied of the soundness of the calculations - and so it was that the idea of an entire recalculation came into my mind.
In the year 1848, encouraged by the acquisition of a copy of that admirable work, Burckhardt's Table des Diviseurs up to three million, the idea took a concrete shape in my mind, and I resolved to systematise the work which before I had carried on in a desultory way. Necessarily the first step was to construct a table of logarithms sufficiently extensive to satisfy all the wants of computers in trigonometry and astronomy; and having many times felt the inconvenience of the loss of the details of the calculations made on separate papers, I resolved to record from the very beginning every important step. This plan of operation has many conveniences - it enables us to retrace and examine every case of doubt, and also to take advantage, in new calculations, of anything in the previous work which may happen to be applicable.
For all the ordinary operations of surveying and practical astronomy five-place logarithms, as M Lalande has stated, are perfectly sufficient; and for the higher branches of astronomy and geodetics the usual seven-place tables are enough. But for the purpose of constructing new working tables it becomes necessary to carry the actual work further, both in the extent of the arguments and in the number of decimal places, and therefore I determined on the formation of a table of logarithms to nine places for all numbers up to one million. But again, in order that such a table be true to the ninth place, the actual calculation must be carried still further - and to meet the cases in which the doubtful figures from, say, 4997 to 5003 might occur in one million of cases, it became prudent to carry the accuracy even to the fifteenth place. And this limit of accuracy was further defined by the circumstance that there the differences of the third order just disappear. Even then it may happen that the doubt as to the figures which are to be rejected may not be cleared up, and it follows that a still more minute criterion should be at hand for use, and therefore the order of the work came to be as follows.
In the first place, the computations of the logarithms of all numbers up to ten thousand, to twenty-eight (for twenty-five) places, was undertaken. At the outset each logarithm of a prime number was computed twice, but as the work proceeded, it was judged advisable to have three distinct computations of each. The whole of this work is distinctly recorded and indexed, so that every step in reference to any given number can at once be traced out.
The idea was entertained of this work being ultimately extended to one hundred thousand, and the logarithms of the composite numbers from ten to twenty thousand were computed, spaces being left for those of intermediate prime numbers.
By the addition of the logarithms thus obtained, those of the great majority of composite numbers from the limit one hundred thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand were computed, and the intervals were filled up by help of second differences. In this part of the work I was aided by my daughters. But, in all such separate additions, we are liable to sporadic errors, and in order to guard against these the whole of this work was redone by the use of the last two figures of the second differences; and thereafter the calculations were made by short interpolations of second differences an the way to three hundred and seventy thousand. Necessarily, on account of the occurrence of the minute final errors, the last, or fifteenth, figures cannot be trusted to within one or two units; and after a very severe examination of the whole, it was found that in a very few instances this accumulation of last-place inaccuracy extended even to five units; and thus we are warranted in expecting that no last-place error will be found reaching so far as to a unit in the fourteenth place - a degree of accuracy far, very far, beyond what can ever be required in any practical matter.
In the compilation of the trigonometrical canon the same precautions were taken for securing the accuracy of the results. In the usual way, by means of the extraction of the square root, the quadrant was divided into ten equal parts, and the sines of these computed to thirty-three, for thirty places. These again were bisected thrice, thus giving the sine of each eightieth part of the quadrant; all the steps of the process being recorded.
The quinquesection of these parts was effected by help of the method of the solution of equations of all orders, published by me in 1829; and the computation of the multiples of those parts was effected by the use of the usual formula for second differences. A table of the multiples of 2 ver. 00c 25' [note that Sang is using 1c to denote the 100th part of a right angle] was made to facilitate the work, and the sines, first differences, and second differences were recorded in such a way as to enable one instantly to examine the accuracy. The same method of quinquesection was again repeated, and the computation of the canon to each fifth minute was effected by help of a table of one thousand multiples of 2 ver. 00c 05', the record being given to thirty-three places, the verification being examined at every fifth place. In this work there is no likelihood of a single error having escaped notice.
For the third time this method of quinquesection was applied in order to obtain the sines of arcs to a single minute. A table of one thousand multiples of 2 ver. 00c 01' was computed to thirty-three places, but in the actual canon it was judged proper to curtail these, and the calculations were restricted to eighteen decimals on the scroll paper. In the actual canon as transcribed, only fifteen places are given. In all cases the function, its first difference, and its second difference are given in position ready for instantaneous examination; and the whole is expected to be free of error excepting in the rare cases where the rejected figures are 500 - these cases being duly noted.
For the computation of the canon of logarithmic sines the obvious process is to compute each one of its terms from the actual sine, by help of the table of logarithms; but this process does not possess the great advantage of self-verification, and attempts have been made to obtain a better one. Formulae indeed have been given for the computation of the logarithmic sine without the intervention of the sine itself, but when we come to apply these formulae to actual business we find that they imply a much greater amount of labour than the natural process does; and, after all, they are only applicable to the separate individual cases.
Napier, as is well known, arranged his computations of the logarithms from the actual sines in such a way as to lessen by one-half the amount of the labour. Napier's arrangement was therefore followed, and the work was begun from the sine of 100c down to 50c. The calculations were made by help of the fifteen-place table of logarithms from 100,000 to 370,000. If this table had been continued up to the whole million, the labour would have been greatly diminished, but we had to bring the numbers to within the actual range of our table by halving or doubling as the case might be. The results were then tested by first, second, and third differences, and in not a few cases the computation had to be redone, for the sake of some minute difference among the last figures. The log sines for the other half of the quadrant, that is from 50c to 0c, were deduced from the preceding by the use of first differences alone. The log tangents from 50c down to 0c were also deduced directly by help of the first differences alone. In this way the series of fundamental tables needed for the new system has been completed, so far as the limit of minutes goes.
While that work was in progress, a circumstance occurred which temporarily changed the order of procedure. Kepler's celebrated problem has ever since his time exercised mathematicians, and, sharing the ambition of many others, I also sought often, and in vain, for an easy solution of it. Accident brought it again before me, and this time, considering not the relations of the lines connected with it, but the relations of the areas concerned, an exceedingly simple solution was found. In order to give effect to this method it was necessary to compute a table of the areas of circular segments in terms of the whole area of the circle. That again rendered it necessary to calculate the sines measured in parts of the quadrant as a unit, instead of in parts of the radius, as usual. This computation was effected by using the multiples of twice the versed sine formerly employed. From this again the canon of circular segments for each minute of the whole circumference was readily deduced. The mean anomaly of a planet may be deduced from its angle of position, or as it is generally called, its excentric anomaly, by simple additions and subtractions of these circular segments. The converse problem is very easily resolved, particularly when the first estimate is a tolerably close one. In order to be able promptly to make this first estimate sufficiently near in every possible case, a table of mean anomalies from degree to degree of the angular position, and also from degree to degree of the angle of excentricity of the orbit, has been computed according to the decimal system.
The change to this system is inevitable. Each new discovery, each improvement in the art of observing, intensifies the need for the change, at the same time that each augmentation of our stock of data arranged in the ancient way adds to the difficulties. How much the change is needed may be estimated by an inspection of the Nautical Almanac. Every page in it cries out aloud in distress, 'Give us decimals.' For the sun's meridian passage, the usual difference columns are suppressed, and those titled 'var. in 1 hour' are substituted; and similarly for the moon's hourly place a column titled 'var. in 10m' is given; while for the interpolation of lunar distances, proportional logarithms of the difference are given. While artisans and physicists are using the ten-millionth part of the earth's quadrant as their unit of linear measure, astronomers are still subdividing the quadrant into 90, 60, 60, and 100 parts. The labour of interpolation is unnecessarily doubled at the very least, and that heavy burden is laid on the shoulders of all the daily users of the ephemeris. The trouble attending the reduction of observations tends to lead the navigator to shun the making of observations. The matter is not merely of national, it is of cosmopolitan interest - and this continuous waste of labour has much need to be ended.
The collection of computations above described contains all that is essentially needed for the change of system, as far as the trigonometrical department is concerned; the great desideratum being the Canon of Logarithmic Sines and Tangents. In addition to the results being accurate to a degree far beyond what can ever be needed in practical matters, it contains what no work of the kind has contained before, a complete and clear record of all the steps by which those results were reached. Thus we are enabled at once to verify, or, if necessary, to correct the record, so making it a standard for all time.
For these reasons it is proposed that the entire collection be acquired by, and preserved in, some official library, so as to be accessible to all interested in such matters; so that future computers may be enabled to extend the work without the need of recomputing what has been already done; and also so that those extracts which are judged to be expedient may be published.
Seeing that the Logarithmic Canon is useful in all manner of calculations, the printing Of the table of nine-place logarithms might be advantageously proceeded with at once. The publication of the corresponding Canon of Logarithmic Sines and Tangents would only be advisable in the expectation of its early adoption by astronomers.
But land-surveyors, when transporting the theodolite from one station to another, have to compute the new azimuth from the previously observed one. This is easily done by adding or subtracting 180c; yet in the hurry of business this occasionally gives rise to mistakes. On the other hand, with 400c on the azimuth circle, we should only have to add or subtract 200c, thus almost obviating the chance of a mistake. Hence the surveyor would be greatly benefited by the immediate publication of a five-place trigonometrical canon, arranged in the decimal way.
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Self-Esteem Issues Observed Experiential Integration (OEI)
A positive self-esteem is an essential tool to help someone function as a productive member of society. Our basic sense of worth determines how well we are able to deal with situations and how well we perform in the family, at school, at work and in life.
Having a healthy self-esteem means that we have a sense of self-worth, self-respect and the ability to find the good in yourself. On the contrary, a negative self image can lead to social anxiety, loneliness, self-criticism, shame and even anger. A person with low self-esteem often feels isolated.
Self-esteem issues are usually created in childhood when negative experiences and poor influences and reactions from caregivers stunt the development of a positive self esteem. Self-esteem can also be affected by abuse, or by being different. A person may be stigmatized for his or her social identity, race, social class, behaviors or appearance.
However, a person's self-esteem can also be challenged during adulthood when one experiences marital issues, financial problems, career glitches or legal challenges.
Therapy can help a person come to terms with self-esteem issues. A therapist will help identify the causes of self-esteem issues and help the individual to regain control over circumstances through goal-directed therapy.
It can help someone with low self-esteem to separate who they are from what they have, or how they look in order to overcome low self-esteem issues. Discovering one's worth is a great way to take control of situations and to learn to feel adequate.
If you are looking for a counsellor or psychologist who offers goal directed therapy to address your self-esteem issues, you may want to search the directory to find a professional whose approach will suit you best.
Observed Experiential Integration (OEI)
Observed Experiential Integration (OEI) is an effective therapy for people who have experienced trauma, or who have negative thoughts and beliefs to eradicate. It is one of the quicker therapies for this type of issue.
Observed Experiential Integration (OEI) has evolved out of EMDR integrates the visual pathways and both of the brain hemispheres to reduce anxiety and trauma.
During therapy, the client covers or uncovers a single eye at a time, while following the therapist's moving fingers with their eyes. This exercise integrates the two brain hemispheres to allow information to easily travel through the sensory processors and emotional processors.
If you are looking for a therapist who offers Observed Experiential Integration (OEI), please browse our list of practitioners below.. | <urn:uuid:4a06475c-f2b9-4fcb-a298-bdad4212c1b3> | {
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Did u know elephants……………..
- Prefer one tusk more than the other, just as people are either left or right-handed
- Waive their trunks in the air to smell better
- Spend up to 16-18 hours per day eating
- Their tusks grow throughout their lives
- Use their feet to listen, they can pick up rumblings made by other elephants, through vibrations in the ground .
- Are the national animals in Thailand.
- One of their tooth can weigh up to 3 Kgs
Feel free to add more interesting facts about them….:)
Did u know Giraffes….
-Have never been observed bathing
-Are able to clean their ears with their own tongue
-Its difficult to catch them while sleeping because they usually sleep for only 5 minutes at a time
-Have a blood pressure which is two or three times that of a healthy man
– Can go without drinking water longer than camels can
– The spots on each giraffe are distinctive to that animal alone
-Gets their name from the Arabic word “Xirapha,” which means, “one who walks swiftly
– Spend between 16 and 20 hours a day feeding
-Can rest standing up
-Only found naturally in Africa
– Are born with horns
– Despite their extreme lengths, their necks are actually too short to reach the ground
Masai Mara National Reserve- Kenya | <urn:uuid:2abfb297-0d90-4a8b-8a66-eb5c6659937d> | {
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Date of this Version
The Red-winged blackbird (RWBL) is one of the most abundant birds in all of North America (Dolbeer 1980, Beletsky 1996). Red-winged blackbird damage to crops continues to be a dilemma in localized areas of the United States (Dolbeer 1980). In addition to economic losses, bird damage may intensify conflicts between agricultural interests and the enforcement of laws defending wildlife and their habitats (Stone et al. 1984). When chemicals are shown to be environmentally harmful or when public unease grows over the mass killing of wildlife, new methods of repelling blackbirds need to be evaluated. A more humane and less hazardous technique is the use of aerial lines to repel birds. Although the use of lines is not a new technique (McAtee and Piper 1936), applications have been preformed largely on aquatic sites. Overall aerial lines have shown promise in reducing bird damage in both agriculture and aquaculture facilities. The purpose of the study is to determine if the presence of aerial lines in nesting territories affects reproductive effort of red-winged blackbirds, and determine the spacing, type, and size of aerial lines that serve as an effective deterrent for highly motivated (territorial) red-winged blackbirds. | <urn:uuid:5a06d887-7fd9-4851-9225-772379ed50d5> | {
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Site Surface Texture Analysis The materiality of the site was a main focus for the study of Blackstone Square. The heavy use of brick and cobblestone created a texture in the site that spoke to the human scale of the space. The continuation of brick from the building facades to the sidewalk created this feeling that the material was wrapping the space and blurring the edge boundaries. These images call out that brick texture of each space and show how this texture can become one continuous surface. The models were a translation of this by physically wrapping the surfaces to create that continuity of facade to path, questioning that line of boundary.
Reveal of Spaces Analysis The network of pathways and buildings create this layered effect of the spaces. Through the overlap of one surface to another, different spaces are revealed through the movement through the space. Each building edge becomes a reveal, exposing a new view either further into the site or out towards the city. This model is a series showing the movement around one building edge and into a new alley hidden behind.
Multiple Linear Perspectives Analysis Multiple vantage points are available at certain locations in the site. Due to the triangle building forms, the pointed edges create a pathway that offers two one point perspectives from one point. These studies look at two instances of this within the site. The first image is from approaching the site from the North End. The other is within the site. This occurrence within the space became a study that was further tested in the perspective generated plans and elevations. | <urn:uuid:0d030877-5d8c-42cc-92b1-e038d35ec664> | {
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New data from a deep ice core drilled out of the Antarctic permafrost reveal a shocking rate of change in carbon dioxide concentrations.
The core, stretching through layers dating back 800,000 years, contains tiny bubbles of ancient air that can be analysed.
Scientists who studied the samples found they left no doubt as to the extent of the build-up of greenhouse gases.
For most of the past 800,000 years, carbon dioxide levels had remained at between 180 and 300 parts per million (ppm) of air. Now they are at 380ppm.
In the past, it had taken 1,000 years for carbon dioxide to rise by 30ppm during natural warming periods. According to the new measurements, the same level of increase has occurred in just the last 17 years.
Isotopic tests confirmed that the recent carbon dioxide had come from fossil fuel sources and must be due to human activity.
Dr Eric Wolff, from the British Antarctic Survey, who presented the findings at the BA Festival of Science in Norwich, said: "The rate of change is the most scary thing.
"We really are in a situation where something's happening that we don't have any analogue for in our records.
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The Northwestern University Space Technology and Rocketry Society launched a homemade rocket 5,286 feet into the Alabama sky in April for NASA’s University Student Launch Initiative.
The team’s 9-foot rocket flew 6 feet over the 1-mile height goal, setting an all-time record for the competition with NUSTARS’ very first rocket.
“The goal is 5,280 feet, and 5,600 is the max, so it’s a very small range,” says senior Dan Abramov, who is studying physics and astronomy. “Some teams weren’t able to get theirs off the ground, some went all the way to 6,000 feet, so to be within 6 feet was pretty amazing.”
Unfortunately going over the height limit resulted in penalties, and the team didn’t win the first-place Altitude Award, but it did take second place and set a record as the team to come closest to the 1-mile target in the history of the competition.
The team was one of more than 40 selected for NASA’s student launch in Huntsville, Ala. The five-day competition included exclusive tours at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center, where the students had the opportunity to observe and ask questions of NASA employees. The participants also explored aerospace manufacturing labs and watched test flights of propulsion vehicles.
Started in 2010 as the Northwestern University Microgravity Group, the club sent members to participate in the 2011 Reduced Gravity Education Flight Program. Relaunched as NUSTARS in 2012, the group designs, builds and launches microsatellites, microgravity experiments and high-powered rockets.
Building on its launch success, the team plans to enter NASA’s satellite-building competition in the coming year. NUSTARS founder and director Abramov also hopes to participate in NASA’s eXploration Habitat Academic Innovation Challenge — a competition for the creation of a space habitat, a “tiny house” for NASA.
“You’re not making something that could actually land on the moon,” Abramov says. “But you are making a small habitat that can recycle its own water, recycle its own air and create its own power.”
For each program the team follows guidelines and specifications straight from NASA. “When the club takes on new members,” Abramov says, “we tell them that we are acting as NASA contractors.” | <urn:uuid:d5e454a8-35b1-4206-9ee9-dbdc5a318367> | {
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Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Equestrian Purposes
There are a lot of farmers and equestrian enterprise owners who are shocked by the size of their water bills, bills that can be dramatically reduced by harvesting the biggest crop of all - Rainwater. Here at OASIS, we are all from a farming family background, with relatives who still farm the family farms and we have degrees in Agriculture. We fully understand the water requirements of the Farming industry.
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and use of rainwater falling onto buildings which would otherwise have gone down the drains, been lost through evaporation, or soaked into the ground. Buildings under construction present the ideal opportunity for rainwater recycling - or it can be added to existing buildings as a retrofit. (Photo courtesy of Elderberry Pedigree Limousin Cattle Breeders in Yorkshire - our M.D.'s brother.)
A harvesting system will involve diverting rainwater drainage to a rain water storage tank or reservoir to collect water and if necessary, could include treatment to improve water quality for specific uses. Distribution pumps and pipes may also be required to supply the water to where it is needed on-farm. There is a Rainwater harvesting system to suit all needs and budgets.
It could simply be created by diverting roof gutters into a storage tank or water butt, or it could be more complex involving pumped storage, filters and UV treatment for use on ready-to-eat crops.
Pumps and pipes can be sized to provide more pressure and flow rate than maims supply, enabling crop sprayers to fill much faster.
How much water do you use
Mains water costs around £1 to £2/M3 at the moment and this figure is due to rise dramatically in the near future.
Example for a Dairy Farm
A dairy farm with a 100 cow herd, has an annual water use of 5,400 m3, approximating 3,700 m3 for drinking, 900 m3 for milk cooling, and 800 m3 for parlour washing.
The farm has a 2,000 m2 roof area, and is in an area of 800 mm annual rain and could therefore potentially harvest 1,600 m3 of rainwater. Some water will overflow the tank during very wet weather and some may be diverted as first flush from the roof. Assuming the farmer can store 80% of the 1,600 m3 of rainwater, i.e 1,280 m3, the potential saving on a water utility bill at £1.30 per cubic metre could be approximately £1664 per year using the harvested water for the parlour washing, or for animal drinking water. A Dairy farmer seeking a 4 year pay back could invest up to £6656 in water harvesting.
Example for an Equestrian Yard
A livery yard with 50 horses has an annual water use of 1200 M3, approximating 900 M3 for drinking, 36M3 for washing buckets, tack etc. 73 M3 for toilet flushing, 191 M3 for washing horses, boxes, hosing tendon injuries, etc.
The yard has a total roof area of 1700M3 and is in an area of 700mm annual rainfall. It can harvest around 1190 M3. Assuming storage of 80% of this water, i.e. 952 M3, this will more than supply the drinking water required and save around £1142 per year on mains water charges.
All those uses listed above could be supplied with rainwater. With the large roof area provided by farm buildings, stables, barns and indoor schools, sufficient quantities of rainwater can be collected and stored for all uses that do not need human drinking quality water.
Above or below ground storage tanks
Above ground tanks are cheaper to install as there is no cost involved for digging a hole. However, underground tanks are to be recommended as the stored water stays fresh and cool if not above ground (bacteria do not form in temperatures under 12 C) so animals prefer it. It makes sense to put the tank underground, as tractors and implements cannot damage it.
The tank should be placed in the best location to collect rainwater from the downpipes. The rainwater is cleaned, either by a filter in the downpipe, or more normally, by a filter in the tank itself. These rainwater filters require very little maintenance and remove enough debris to make the water quite suitable for all those uses that don't need human drinking quality water.
A pump inside the storage tank takes the rainwater to where ever it is needed. The type of pump normally used can deliver up to 5 bar (household pressure is around 2.5-3.0 bar) or over 3000 litres an hour. It is certainly powerful enough to water an arena or other large area. If the pump is connected to a hose or tap, it will automatically start when this is turned on.
Another essential feature needed is a reliable mains back up that will switch automatically to mains water if the storage tank runs out. OASIS will do a rainwater tank size calculation for you, this is worked out on the average rainfall for where you live, the roof area, and what you need the rainwater for. Normally, planning permission is not necessary. However, planners now often favour building applications that include rainwater harvesting. Official pressure is on to reduce mains water consumption on the one hand and also to alleviate flood threats. Rainwater harvesting helps with both these issues.
If you are a business, you can benefit from the Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme whereby 100% of material and installation costs of rainwater harvesting systems registered on Water Technology List can be offset against tax liability.
Rainwater harvesting is clearly of enormous benefit to both agricultural and equestrian enterprises. With such high water usage, the return on capital will be between 2 to 6 years. Let us size and design your specific rainwater harvesting system. | <urn:uuid:ceccbb38-9004-4b8f-9e33-f04cf24672b6> | {
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– Contributed by – Lisa Olsen, author of the book “Pregnancy Miracle”. Lisa is a researcher, nutritionist and health consultant.
Infertility is a global public health concern and affects approximately 10% – 15% of couples worldwide. This condition may stem from numerous anomalies in the body, ranging from infections and cysts in the ovaries and reproductive tract, to the disproportionate secretion of hormones by the glands.
The best way to tackle it is to identify the exact cause of this condition and then alleviate it.
Available infertility treatments include:
Treating APA’s. APA’s cause blood clots and prevent implantation. A low dose aspirin therapy works wonders when treating APA’s in the blood. For graver cases, anticoagulants are used to thin out the blood and improve blood circulation in the uterus.
Removing natural killer cells.Natural killer cells present in excess begin to attack the embryo. An intravenous treatment of gamma globulin, intralipid infusions and steroids are often used in this case.
Treating Antinuclear Antibodies (AA’s).Abundance of antinuclear antibodies in the body is treated with steroids, intake of herbs that increase circulation, intake of antioxidants, zinc supplements, alkaline generating food and reducing the levels of stress. Balancing the responses of the immune system is the key to treating AA’s.
Treating antisperm antibodies. To suppress the reactions in the body caused by antisperm antibodies interacting with the sperm, low doses of steroids are often used.
Treating age related infertility. Since age is a possible threat to female fertility, infertility treatments involving care of the kidneys and the spleen will help a woman keep the age related problems of pregnancy at bay.
Treating infections that hinder pregnancy. Antibiotic treatments to exterminate the harmful bacteria from the body are recommended by most doctors who conduct IVF’s. Nutritious food and immune enhancing supplements are used to prevent harmful bacteria from growing in the body. When detected in one partner, antibiotic treatments for harmful bacteria must be carried out in both partners since they are likely to have infected each other during intercourse.
Treating the high prolactin levels in the body. Normally, to treat the elevated levels of prolactin in the body, natural remedies are suggested. These natural remedies include the intake of vitamin B, zinc and magnesium supplements, exercising, staying away from alcohol, and lowering the levels of stress. The intake of rebalancing hormones like Chasteberry, etc. is also helpful. Qi moving herbs are also quite helpful in these cases.
Treating luteal phase defects. In case of dealing with luteal phase defects, fertility drugs like Clomid, etc. are prescribed for boosting the levels of progesterone, which enable pregnancy. However, medicines such as these are bound to have side effects, and to avoid these said side effects, it is always beneficial to opt for natural methods of treatment. Traditional Chinese Medicine offers good help in these cases.
Treating tubal blockages. Laparoscopy is performed to remove small areas of blockage, however if that fails, In Vitro Fertilization is an option.
Treating sperm problems. Fertility drugs are available that enhance sperm production, and improve motility. Since sperm motility is one of the major factors affecting pregnancy, treatments in males are incomplete without looking into this.
Infertility treatments are possible with the whole new range of medicines that are available to the public these days, but it must also be kept in mind that these treatments can be painful, often come with harmful side effects and the results are far from guaranteed.
On the other hand, following the holistic approach with a healthy diet, regular exercise, abstinence from alcohol, nicotine and other drugs, stress management, acupuncture etc. can almost guarantee positive and fast results. | <urn:uuid:b62ea6d3-a9b2-4155-9d7f-e9f68dd4a322> | {
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By Stuart Weeks
An in depth exam of Proverbs 1-9, an early Jewish poetic paintings. Stuart Weeks comprises reports of literature from historical Egypt and from the useless Sea scrolls, yet his concentration is at the historical past and use of definite key photographs within the textual content. Proverbs 1-9 belongs to a tremendous category of biblical literature (wisdom literature), and is much less renowned as an entire than the comparable books of task and Ecclesiastes, partially since it has been seen until eventually lately as a lifeless and muddled school-book. besides the fact that, elements of it were profoundly influential at the improvement of either Judaism and Christianity, and occupy a key position in smooth feminist theology. Weeks demonstrates that these components belong to a much wider and extra elaborate set of rules than older scholarship allowed.
Read Online or Download Instruction and Imagery in Proverbs 1-9 PDF
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Additional info for Instruction and Imagery in Proverbs 1-9
Beal and D. M. Gunn (eds), Reading Bibles, Writing Bodies: Identity and the Book (Biblical Limits; London and New York: Routledge, 1997), 85–112. The latter claims that the wisdom tradition was ‘basically composed of the teachings of the mothers and fathers of Israel’ (91). 13 Elsewhere, it is only in aOnkhsheshonqy—with its exceptional circumstances— that we Wnd instruction portrayed as a process rather than a single speech. 14 See R. B. Y. Scott, ‘Wise and Foolish, Righteous and Wicked’, in Studies in the Religion of Ancient Israel (SVT 23; Leiden: Brill, 1972), 146–65, especially 150.
8 Probably rather later, the book of Tobit reXects a continuing knowledge of the genre: chapter 4 has an instructional speech by Tobit, given when he believes he is about to die. The inXuence of Ahiqar is certainly to be seen on the work as a whole, but the instruction is in a diVerent style, and is not based on that work; equally, Proverbs 1–9 does not seem to have been a primary inXuence, despite some focus on warning against exogamous marriage. 9 The more general inXuence of Egyptian education and culture on Israel is diYcult to assess.
44 Both of these texts are attributed to relatively unimportant, middle-ranking scribes, and it is tempting to believe that they reXect a shift away from the more glamorous, but probably pseudonymous settings of the Middle Kingdom texts. Certainly, there is a possibility that the status of instructions led to some reversal in the role of attributions: when the old Loyalist Instruction was borrowed and re-attributed to Sehotepibre, for instance, we can see that individuals may sometimes have sought to gain lasting memorials through association with successful instructions. | <urn:uuid:9a57d469-f841-4578-a4a8-caa8144b355a> | {
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Everyone loves a great rags-to-riches story — but there is also a feeling among many of us that those stories are nothing but myths.
You might think: Yes, it may be possible for anyone to become rich, powerful, and famous in America, but it's certainly not going to happen to me or anyone I know.
As it turns out, there is a clear psychological reason for that skepticism.
According to a recent study published by the American Psychological Association, growing up poor can lead to a loss of your sense of control when you are faced with uncertainty.
Growing up wealthy, on the other hand, means that you tend to feel a greater sense of control when dealing with uncertainty. And feeling out of control can lead to detrimental behavioral patterns, such as opting for immediate gratification.
Basically, feeling as though you have control over your life is a big factor in making good financial decisions.
Whether you grew up like the Rothschilds or a like a Dickensian orphan, it's important to learn to foster your sense of control.
Here's what you need to know about how your childhood socioeconomic status might still be affecting your finances:
Locus of control
The sense of control that the APA study is referencing is often referred to as a locus of control. According to psychologists, individuals see the ability to control the events in their lives as either being internal— meaning they the have control — or external — meaning control is out of their reach.
For instance, an individual with an internal locus of control who flunked a test would think that he did not study hard enough and would decide to do better in the future. If he aced a test, he would see that as evidence that he prepared well.
Someone with an external locus of control, on the other hand, might think she got a poor grade because the test was too hard or the teacher wrote bad questions. And if she did well on the test, she might attribute the A to luck or the teacher being too easy on her.
Your locus of control can strongly affect your financial life. For instance, psychologists have found that individuals with an external locus of control are more likely to carry debt. Experts theorize that this is because an external locus of control leads to a sense that nothing you do matters, since there is no beating banks or "The Man." With that attitude, there is no compelling reason to get out of debt.
Individuals with an internal locus of control, on the other hand, recognize that all of their financial decisions are entirely within their control, which means they make proactive decisions about their money.
Protective and reactive behavior patterns
Generally, individuals who grow up poor are attempting to protect themselves when they develop an external locus of control. The APA study found that people who grew up without much money are more likely to take a small, immediate reward instead of a larger, later reward.
In the context of a financially tumultuous childhood, this behavior pattern makes protective sense.
When you do not trust that the outside world will treat you well or fairly, then you are likely to grab what you can when you can.
Unfortunately, this kind of impulsivity is part of what leads to higher debt among those with an external locus of control, and it makes it very difficult to get ahead financially. Waiting patiently for a larger, later reward is what investing is all about, after all.
In addition, feeling as though you do not have control can also affect your determination. One part of the APA study asked participants to recall a moment of financial uncertainty before giving them an unsolvable puzzle. Those participants who had grown up poor gave up on the puzzle 25% sooner than those from wealthier backgrounds. This is a reactive behavior pattern — the world is too tough and I just can't get ahead!— that can hold you back.
Just imagine how many people have given up on their dreams at the first setback because of such reactive behavior patterns.
Changing your sense of control
The good news is that it is possible to move your locus of control. The authors of the APA study found that asking participants to recall situations when they felt in control helped to ameliorate their sense of loss of control. That's because having confidence in your abilities causes you to try more often, usually bringing more success and more confidence.
If you tend to feel out of control when you are facing economic uncertainty, think of a time when you handled a problem in a way that you were proud of. The problem does not even need to be financial in nature. Any time you felt in control can be helpful.
The next time you face economic uncertainty, focus on that memory of being in control before making any decisions. Recalling that sense of control can help you to maintain it.
Mind over matter
Successful people know that looking within is the only way to realize your dreams. But counting on yourself can be very difficult if your childhood taught you that you cannot control your circumstances.
Unlearning that lesson and reversing detrimental behavior patterns is not easy, but it is possible to reprogram your sense of control —and improve your finances. | <urn:uuid:5bfaff56-9543-4adb-be20-8649836f6758> | {
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Efeito do fotoperíodo na sobrevivência e crescimento de larvas e juvenis do linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of photoperiod on the rearing of larvae and juvenile flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. Three experiments were done (EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3), the first two studied the larval stage and the last the juvenile stage. In a preliminary evaluation (EXP1) three photoperiods were tested: 0, 12, and 24 hours of light (hL) with two replica each, it lasted for five days. EXP2 evaluated two photoperiods: 18 and 24 hL with three repetitions each, it lasted for 30 days. In EXP3 four photoperiods were tested: 0, 12, 18, and 24 hL with four repetitions each, it lasted for 35 days. In EXP1 and EXP2 larvae were reared in cylindrical tanks with flat bottom. Water volume was 10L, stocking density was 50 larvae/L, rotifers and artemia were offered as live prey in a green water system, 50% of the water was exchanged daily. In EXP3 juveniles were reared in cylindrical tanks with flat bottom filled with 50L of water, in a flow-through system with capacity to exchange 200% of the water daily. Metanauplii of artemia were offered as live food. Survival and growth were proportional to the photoperiod in EXP1, no survivors were observed five days after hatching in the dark (0 hL), and 1.6 and 4.5% survived in 18 and 24 hL respectively. Notochord length was equal to 3.44±0.4 and 3.75±0.3mm for 18 and 24 hL respectively. Survival in EXP2 was also proportional to the photoperiod, 4 and 13% respectively for 18 and 24 hL. Growth was higher in 24 hL during the larval stage, but as the flounder metamorphosed, those individuals reared in 18 hL achieved a better growth rate. Final length was equal to 12.7±1.9 and 11.6±1.4mm respectively for 18 and 24 hL respectively. In EXP3, survival was equal to 38±14, 69±11, 69±6, and 81±9% respectively for 0, 12, 18, and 24 hL. Final weight was equal to 21.8±4.5, 114.0±3.7, 132.7±3.8, and 105±3.5mg respectively for 0, 12, 18, and 24 hL. The results obtained in this study suggest that larval flounder should be reared with constant illumination until 15-20 days after hatching, but older larvae and juvenile will have a better performance with 18hL.
Advisor:João Carlos Brahm Cousin; Luís André Nassr de Sampaio; Vinicius Ronzani Cerqueira
School:Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Date of Publication:06/28/2004 | <urn:uuid:07d7b1c0-6c3e-4a29-9cb9-401866ca7b71> | {
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The vegetation of the island is characterized by tropical luxuriance, - the moutainous regions being clad with dense forest, in which various species of palms, the camphor-tree (Laurus Camplaora), and the aloe are conspicuous.
337 seq., "Et non exiguo laurus adusta sono").
Even in ancient times it was famous for its groves of bay-trees (laurus) from which its name was perhaps derived, and which in imperial times gave the villas of its territory a name for salubrity, so that both Vitellius and Commodus resorted there.
Laurus - Sweet Bay.
Chilensis), lingue (Persea lingue), laurel (Laurus aromatica), avellano (Guevina avellana), lama (Myrtus luma), espino (Acacia cavenia) and many others.
Clattering which has been likened to that of castanets, it approaches the exit of its retreat, whence at nightfall it issues in search of its food, which, so far as is known, consists entirely of oily nuts or fruits, belonging especially to the genera Achras, Aiphanas, Laurus and Psichotria, some of them sought, it would seem, at a very great distance, for Funck (Bull.
Among the fruits Ettingshausen records Quercus, Liquidambar, Laurus, Nyssa, Diospyros, Symplocos, Magnolia, Victoria, Hightea, Sapindus, Cupania, Eugenia, Eucalyptus, Amygdalus; he suggests that the fruits of the London Clay of Sheppey may belong to the same plants as the leaves found at Alum Bay in the Isle of Wight.
Among the more interesting plants of this deposit may be mentioned Torreya nucifera, now Japanese; an evergreen oak close to the common Quercus Ilex; Laurus canariensis, Apollonias canariensis, Persea carolinensis, and Ilex canariensis; Daphne pontica (a plant of Asia Minor); a species of box, scarcely differing from the English, and a bamboo. | <urn:uuid:c8fb1793-dc3d-4ed7-b6e6-c221d3845349> | {
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What are Scalar Waves?
A Scalar Wave is a non-linear, non-Hertzian, standing wave capable of supporting significant effects including carrying information and inducing higher levels of cellular energy, which greatly enhances the performance and effectiveness of the body and immune system. Additionally it helps to clear cellular memory by shifting polarity, similar to erasing the memory of a cassette tape with a magnet. Scalar Waves travel faster than the speed of light and do not decay over time or distance.
What do Scalar Waves Look Like?
Scalar waves are self-contained three-dimensional waves that spin on a fixed axis. Non-linear waves propagate throughout the body via the crystalline lattices of the elaborate collagen network.
Who Discovered Scalar Waves?
A Scotsman named James Clerk Maxwell discovered Scalar Waves in the mid 1800's. He was a mathematical genius and his work led to the development of quantum physics which later led to Einstein’s Relativity. Nichola Tesla and Albert Einstein both recognized the profound abilities of using Scalar Wave Energy.
Scalar Waves increase the energy covalent level of every single hydrogen atom in the body as verified by spectrograph. This is significant in that hydrogen bonds are what hold DNA together.
Dr. Glen Rein, a quantum biologist, points out from his experiments with scalar waves that they positively influence the immune and nervous systems independent of the belief systems of the individual. Every cell in the human body, when functioning at its maximum health potential, ranges between 70-90 millivolts. Dis-ease and aging occur when the cellular energy depreciates to levels below this range.
The human body has crystalline structures in every cell wall that are capable of holding a charge. The shape of scalar waves is reminiscent of the multiple helical structure of DNA as it folds in on itself. Quantum Mechanical models describe subatomic particles that can store and carry biological information along helical macromolecules like DNA. This indicates that scalar energy is capable of imprinting itself in the DNA.
What are the Health Implications of Scalar Waves?
It is a known scientific fact that everything is energy and that everything vibrates at different frequencies. Bio-scalar energy is a unique form of energy that can be harnessed and directed into solid objects or bodies placed in its field. You can use Scalar Energy to raise the vibratory frequency of supplements, food, water and other liquids. When used on living cells, the cells become more vibrant, naturally energized and more capable of absorbing nutrients and eliminating wastes and toxins. When embedded in nutritional supplements, food and beverages, Scalar Waves will make these substances more absorbable and bio-available, thus further raising the energy levels in your cells.
The higher the level of energy in your cells, the greater your cells ability to absorb nutrients, eliminate toxins and wastes and build healthy tissues, bones, organ, glands and nerves. High cellular energy greatly enhances the performance and effectiveness of your immune system and your body’s ability to heal itself. Everything is vibrations and all life is energy.
The energy level of your cells is measured in millivolts (mv). The healthiest cells have a charge of 70 to 90 millivolts. Degenerative diseases begin developing when overall cellular mv are significantly reduced. Cancer cells measure 15 to 20 millivolts. Whole foods and fresh foods measure higher mv, cooked, processed and refined foods measure low mv, canned food has zero mv.
Scalar waves are cumulative and tend to build up your body. By frequently exposing yourself to the Scalar Wave Energy, you build stronger healthier cells, enhance your immune system and support your body’s ability to neutralize the man-made waves, or EMF's that surround you. Increased exposure to Scalar Waves means a greater accumulation of them in your cells, which helps raise their vibratory rate to the ideal 70 to 90 millivolt level.
Scalar waves are non linear and support the neutralization of all man-made 50 – 60 cycle waves in your body from cell phones, cordless phones, computers, microwaves, WiFi routers and numerous other sources. Scalar Wave fields have always existed, and now we have the knowledge and the technology to increase them in our body and our lives. They are well known in astrophysics, geology, and hydrodynamics. A scalar wave field is known as a fifth-dimensional non-linear field. The Scalar Wave is not bound by third dimensional laws. Scalar wave fields function in a self-referral and self-generating manner. They are unbounded and capable of passing through solid matter.
According to research done over several decades, the key Benefits of Scalar Wave Technology are as follows:
• Eliminates and nullifies the effects of man-made frequencies (50-60 cycle) in the human body.
• Increases overall body energy levels as a result of increasing cellular energy for trillions of cells.
• Cleanses the blood improving chylomicron levels (protein/fat particles floating in the blood) and triglyceride profiles and fibrin patterns.
• Increases the energy level of every single cell in the body to the ideal 70-90 millivolt range.
• Improves immune function by as much as 149% as proven in laboratory studies.
• Increase the energy covalent level of every single hydrogen atom in the body as verified by spectrographs. This is significant because covalent hydrogen bonds are what hold your DNA together.
• Improves mental focus as demonstrated by increased amplitude of EEG frequencies.
• Improves cell wall permeability thus facilitating the intake of nutrients into each and every cell and the elimination of waste from each and every cell.
• Balances out the two hemispheres of the brain as measured by EEG tests.
• Decreases the surface tension of substances such as food, water, and supplements, thus enhancing the body's ability to assimilate and hydrate.
• Inhibits the uptake of noradrenaline by PC12 nerve cells to support better mood.
• Catalyzes heightened states of awareness and creativity while advancing the process of manifestation in regards to health, wealth and happiness.
What do Scalar Waves Do?
Tom Bearden, a scalar wave pioneer, expressed it like this:
"The medical implications are enormous. By just reversing the damaged cells back to a previous physical state, this gives a physics mechanism for controlled cellular de-differentiation, in biology terms.
Physicians will time-reverse diseased, damaged or aged cells back to an earlier healthy condition, including all the cellular genetics. Normal cells are just reversed to a slightly younger condition."
"Any sort of disease whatsoever - physical or mental - will be rapidly curable, simply and cheaply.
It will be possible to reverse aging and rejuvenate the person. Life span will be staggeringly increased, without "old age debilitation".
The potential for a true golden era is upon us, for all humanity." | <urn:uuid:dc7cbcf2-66fe-4ac3-9151-e7b5cff05306> | {
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buckle(redirected from buckled)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
make buckle and tongue meet
To have enough money to survive. Although the exact image referred to in this phrase is unclear, it means the same as "make ends meet." Now that I have a well-paying job, I can finally make buckle and tongue meet.
1. To anchor or fasten something or someone in place. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "buckle" and "down." Did you buckle the bikes down securely? Can you please buckle down the baby in her highchair?
2. To put forth maximum effort toward something, especially after not having done so. If you want to get a passing grade this semester, you'll really need to buckle down and study hard.
To anchor or fasten oneself or another in place with a seatbelt, as in a vehicle. A noun can be used between "buckle" and "in" or after "in." Can you buckle the baby in while I put our bags in the trunk? This car is not moving until everyone is buckled in!
1. To collapse or fall apart, as of a structure or object. In this usage, the cause of the collapse can be stated after "under" Three people sitting on the chair at the same time caused it to buckle under. That rickety old roof buckled under the weight of the snow.
2. To succumb to pressure or stress. In this usage, the cause of the collapse is usually stated after "under." Karen buckled under the stress of being student council president and resigned from her post.
1. To anchor or fasten something or someone in place. In this usage, a noun or pronoun can be used between "buckle" and "up." Are the bikes securely buckled up? Can you please buckle the baby up in her highchair?
2. To anchor or fasten oneself or another in place with a seatbelt, as in a vehicle. A noun can be used between "buckle" and "up" or after "up." Can you buckle the baby up while I put our bags in the trunk? This car is not moving until everyone is buckled up!
3. To bend at the waist. She keeps buckling up and clutching her stomach, so the pain must be pretty bad—let's take her to the doctor.
4. slang Prepare for what is about to happen, such as danger, excitement, trouble, etc. The boss is in a terrible mood today, so buckle up! Buckle up, folks. This game is going down to the wire!
To begin to work on something in a determined matter. If you want to get a passing grade this semester, you'll really need to knuckle down and study hard.
buckle down (to something)
to settle down to something; to begin to work seriously at something. If you don't buckle down to your job, you'll be fired. You had better buckle down and get busy.
buckle someone in
to attach someone securely with a vehicle's seat belts. (This includes airplane seat belts.) Don't forget to buckle the children in. Did you buckle in the children?
buckle someone or something down
to attach someone or something down with straps that buckle together. They stopped to buckle the load down again. Did you buckle down the kids?
buckle someone or something up
to attach someone or something securely with straps that buckle together. (This emphasizes the completeness and secureness of the act.) Buckle the children up before we leave. Buckle up your shoes.
1. Lit. [for something] to collapse. With heavy trucks on it, the bridge buckled under. The table buckled under.
2. Fig. [for someone] to collapse or give in under the burden of heavy demands or great anxiety. With so much to worry about, she buckled under. I was afraid she would buckle under.
buckle under something
to collapse under or from the weight of something. The bridge buckled under the weight of the truck and collapsed. The table finally buckled under.
buckle upand belt up
to buckle one's seat belt, as in a car or plane. Please buckle up so our flight can begin. I wish you would obey the law and belt up.
knuckle down (to something)
Fig. to get busy doing something. I want you to knuckle down to your work and stop worrying about the past. Come on. Knuckle down. Get busy.
Set to work, apply oneself with determination, as in All right, we'll buckle down now and study for exams. Originating about 1700 as buckle to, the expression gained currency with the football song "Buckle-Down, Winsocki" (from the Broadway musical comedy Best Foot Forward, 1941). [Mid-1800s]
Give way, collapse owing to stress, as in One more heavy snowfall and the roof may buckle under, or She buckled under the strain of two jobs. [Late 1500s]
Fasten a seat belt, as in All the children must learn to buckle up as soon as they get in a car. This term came into wide use in the second half of the 1900s, when seat belts became mandatory automobile equipment. Earlier they had been used mainly in airplanes.
1. Apply oneself seriously to some task or goal, as in The professor insisted that we knuckle down and get our papers in by Friday. Both this term and the rhyming synonym buckle down date from the 1860s, but the precise allusion in either is unclear.
2. See knuckle under.
1. To secure something or someone with straps that fasten together with buckles: Don't forget to buckle down the top of the suitcase before we pack it into the car. We took off our backpacks and buckled them down on the roof of the truck.
2. To apply oneself and start working seriously at something: I've wasted a lot of time, and now I have to buckle down and finish my homework.
1. To bend, crumple or collapse under some great weight or pressure: The bridge supports were weakened by rust and buckled under the weight of the heavy truck. The metal chair I was sitting on suddenly buckled under, and I fell to the ground.
2. To succumb to or be adversely affected by some pressure: Some schools have buckled under the strain of having too many new students. I had fought very hard against their ideas but finally buckled under to them.
1. To secure something or someone with straps that fasten together with buckles: Buckle up your shoes. We buckled the baby up in its car seat.
2. To fasten one's seat belt: The first thing I did when I got on the plane was to buckle up.
3. To bend or fold in half at the middle: Everyone buckled up with laughter when they heard my jokes.
To apply oneself earnestly to a task: We've been relaxing too long—it's time for us to knuckle down and finish this work.
Apply yourself to the job at hand. The phrase comes from the game of marbles, one of the once-popular children's street games. Players shot their “shooter” marble by clenching the marble in a fist with knuckles touching the ground, then launching it with a flick of the thumb. When it was a player's turn and his attention was elsewhere, he was reminded, “Okay, knuckle down.” A similar phrase, “buckle down” most likely came from the idea of tightening your belt before performing an arduous task. | <urn:uuid:55d71246-1b8a-40db-a256-0d2f247545fb> | {
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Here is a circuit that contains a Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS). The gain of the VCCS can be changed using the scrollbar.
When the gain of the VCCS is equal to 0.25 A/V this is the circuit considered in problem P2.7-2 of Introduction to Electric Circuits, 7e by R.C. Dorf and J.A. Svoboda. In problem P2.7-2 the gain of the VCCS is denoted by the symbol g. Then
where g is the gain of the dependent source. Notice that the units of g are A/V. The current Ia, in Amps, and voltage Vb, in Volts, are measured using the voltmeter and ammeter. Thus the gain of the dependent source can be determined from the meter readings.
In this circuit
where R1 = 50 Ohms, R2 = 25 Ohms and Vs = 24 V. (See, for example, Section 3.3 of Introduction to Electric Circuits, 7e.) Thus
regardless of the value of the gain of the VCCS. | <urn:uuid:39b64cfb-6f7e-4b58-bef4-3d38af682aee> | {
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The 1938 San Antonio Pecan Shellers Strike
Part B: Essay
Directions: Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs, and a conclusion. Use evidence from at least six documents in the body of the essay. Support your response with relevant facts, examples, and details. Include additional outside information.
In the depths of the Great Depression, Mexican and Mexican-American men and women went on strike in San Antonio in 1938 to oppose cuts in piece wages that threatened starvation. The city government sided with owners and managers of the shelling companies, repressing the strike by denying strikers the right to assemble or picket peacefully. Middle-class support and public exposure created pressure on the company management, and contributed to a compromise settlement.
Using information from the documents and your knowledge of United States history, write an essay in which you:
In your essay, be sure to:
- Address all aspects of the Task by accurately analyzing and interpreting at least six documents.
- Incorporate information from the documents in the body of the essay.
- Incorporate relevant outside information.
- Support the theme with relevant facts, examples, and details.
- Use a logical and clear plan of organization.
- Introduce the theme by establishing a framework that is beyond a simple restatement of the Task or Historical Context and conclude with a summation of the theme.
| Teacher's Corner | DBQs | Other Classroom Uses | Teaching Links |
| Documents Projects and Archives | Teacher's Corner | Scholar's Edition | Full-Text Sources | About Us | Contact Us | | <urn:uuid:e715614b-507e-4d01-b5fd-b42ef02a68bb> | {
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For Immediate Release, December 12, 2013
Contact: Louisa Willcox, (406) 224-2250 (cell) or (406)-222-1485
Despite Mounting Threats, Feds Announce Decision to
Strip Endangered Species Protections for Yellowstone Grizzlies
MISSOULA, Mont.— Ignoring mounting evidence that Yellowstone’s grizzly bears face increased threats from loss of key foods and human-caused deaths, federal and state officials unanimously recommended Wednesday that Endangered Species Act protections be stripped from the region’s iconic bears.
|Photo courtesy USFWS. This photo is available for media use.
“This highly political proposal comes when the best evidence on the ground suggests the bears are facing significant threats,” said Louisa Willcox, a grizzly bear conservation advocate with the Center for Biological Diversity. “The push to drop protection is being driven by states hostile to large carnivores. But these bears have the lowest reproductive rate of any North American mammal. Hunting and other causes of death are certain to reverse the progress that’s been made toward recovery.”
In response to Wednesday’s recommendations by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s grizzly bear recovery coordinator Chris Servheen said the agency will make a final decision about removing federal protections from Yellowstone’s threatened grizzly bears in 30 days, and that delisting could occur in 2014. The move responds to a major push by Idaho, Montana and Wyoming to take over management of bears and enact sport hunts, much as they have with wolves.
The recommendation comes on the heels of a study released Dec. 2 by the U.S. Geological Survey that dismisses the effects of losing a key food source, whitebark pine, on the Yellowstone grizzly population. The Fish and Wildlife Service’s failure to consider loss of pine was a primary reason the agency’s previous effort to remove federal protections for the bears was overturned in federal court four years ago.
The Dec. 2 report asserts that the bears can withstand loss of the nutritious pine nuts by turning to many other foods. But the study failed to consider the effects of the loss of another key food, elk, which are projected to continue to decline as a result of drought and climate change, a development that’s likely to increase the risk of conflict and mortality for bears that eat more meat. Many of the scientific papers referenced in the study have not yet been through peer review, in contradiction of science protocols for the USGS.
“In their desire to please the states, the feds are looking at the bear’s status through rose-colored glasses,” said Willcox. “We’re already seeing greater bear mortality as a result of conflicts related to bears eating more meat, and even potential declines in the population. Loss of protection will only exacerbate these trends.”
A new federal study suggests the grizzly population may have been declining by an average of 4 percent a year since 2008. The decline parallels the loss of whitebark pine and a concurrent spike in bear mortalities. Despite this study the USGS has twice raised its estimates of the bear population in the past year, but steadfastly refused to release the data behind these estimates.
“The government is cherry-picking the data to get the result it needs to justify delisting, while refusing to release the data it used to reach its conclusions,” said Willcox. “In reality top grizzly researchers say the bear population has likely been in significant decline for five years.”
Delisting of the Yellowstone bears and associated hunting would leave this grizzly bear population permanently isolated from other grizzly bears. This means that bears would need to be trucked into Yellowstone to avoid genetic inbreeding.
“Delisting would leave grizzly bears on permanent life support, and push the bear back to the brink of extinction,” said Willcox. “There’s still a chance to reconnect Yellowstone to other grizzly bear populations and recover grizzly bears in the lower 48, but not if Yellowstone’s population is prematurely delisted and subsequently crashes.”
To further investigate the rushed effort to delist grizzly bears, the Center filed a request under the Freedom of Information Act today for all documents and interagency correspondence used in developing the USGS study.
The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with more than 625,000 members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. | <urn:uuid:cdab0d39-6b47-4270-8380-2e6d19469455> | {
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