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7fbf89d69a93f3c06fb56492762e85035d17569d | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers. | The Persian Revolt led to which person taking over Media? | {
"text": [
"Cyrus the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8ce34a69bd8ffcc9eef668946c8d8807a8549bbf | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers. | Who beget the person who forged the Achaemenid Empire? | {
"text": [
"Mandane and Cambyses I"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9202660145290da137594180752af3dc4165f8c8 | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers. | Who joined forces with Cyrus? | {
"text": [
"Media"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6fc05ecd5e757cfe16eeb7824238f63e49a3c1c8 | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers. | Which empire wouldn't have existed without the Persian revolt? | {
"text": [
"Achaemenid"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
074bf11d94020b4a6da67218b44966c51154dca5 | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers. | Who was the mother of Cyrus? | {
"text": [
"Mandane"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
aba86f9456cf8fdca09024b46eb33dfb097a3d6c | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | Who were the Spanish monarchs that financed Christopher Columbus? | {
"text": [
"Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0ba1665cecf8a8e154eb0045e2a92cad3ffabf04 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | The reconquista was accomplished by Whom | {
"text": [
"Spain"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8585c7bb7b0f17b35f0b4830c792e62b6833e4f4 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | What led to the discovery of the Americas? | {
"text": [
"the expedition of Christopher Columbus"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cc915eced14b9d25e03ee19c3bf347e57d0d681d | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | Where did Christopher Columbus end up while searching for a western sea route? | {
"text": [
"the Americas"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a6bb7c9feb3a9711cbae3e250966ee422fb657e0 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | The union of the Spanish monarchs is credited with leading to what? | {
"text": [
"creation of modern-day Spain"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ffff855d05b88daff2ca3ea89e715f7e980014d7 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | During the 15th century, what was area was discovered by the Spanish? | {
"text": [
"the Americas"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1b901fdd57888793fc8bcb743c56d0a2680c0752 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | What rulers supported and financed the 1492 voyage of Columbus | {
"text": [
"Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
52b8561854619f41276c4c258d9cc3d3e7d79733 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | Christopher Columbus attempted to replicate the Portuguese discovery by who? | {
"text": [
"Vasco da Gama"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
67bd5a163a6e9bcd9c23c48cd9f91b092cf467c9 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | When did Portugal take credit for discovering the route to India | {
"text": [
"1498"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2fafa1aa40a56c8e80ac333115ea1de4c4e103e5 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | What region was Isabella I interested in finding? | {
"text": [
"western sea route to India"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4cfd7dcb6ea0e53c073047668db08fc995e9c81c | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | Who ruled Granada in 1491 | {
"text": [
"the Moors"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
487bc0cf838467644834dcd905447358309d61b8 | Late_Middle_Ages | The 1469 marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and the 1479 death of John II of Aragon led to the creation of modern-day Spain. In 1492, Granada was captured from the Moors, thereby completing the Reconquista. Portugal had during the 15th century β particularly under Henry the Navigator β gradually explored the coast of Africa, and in 1498, Vasco da Gama found the sea route to India. The Spanish monarchs met the Portuguese challenge by financing the expedition of Christopher Columbus to find a western sea route to India, leading to the discovery of the Americas in 1492. | Who explored the African coast in the 15th century? | {
"text": [
"Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5cac3252baa47cdd8b76e14ee88017a5350f0910 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | The person who started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses had what calling? | {
"text": [
"monk"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9621fda2c46359807f2bf06caee4a3562c333ab1 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | The person who started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses was accused of? | {
"text": [
"heresy"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
39aa8fe43a3f12229f80dd14c433288b0969ea1d | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | __ was the co-monarch of Spain witrh his mother. | {
"text": [
"Charles V"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2ef0bf6f6a5f72618f4ec120ed6c6f03d7541a5 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | Wittenberg is? | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2e6fb537621c2d28ea1c7b2e6dcd1491ddc70e22 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | __ conceded the Peace of Augsburg. | {
"text": [
"Charles V"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2fdce299dfb8e5c23ba88d804219536497937867 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | The person who started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses had what descent? | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c1bad99872278033a708fc9e0b8107ac6f16b7a6 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | Luther vandalized a? | {
"text": [
"church"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f6ccd028cbe26b4ce7566a65d9229d3ca3e422b0 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | Martin Luther wrote in? | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
609ae88e874ca4c7436600e0b4a03abc006c17d2 | Late_Middle_Ages | Martin Luther, a German monk, started the German Reformation by posting 95 theses on the castle church of Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. The immediate provocation spurring this act was Pope Leo Xβs renewal of the indulgence for the building of the new St. Peter's Basilica in 1514. Luther was challenged to recant his heresy at the Diet of Worms in 1521. When he refused, he was placed under the ban of the Empire by Charles V. Receiving the protection of Frederick the Wise, he was then able to translate the Bible into German. | __ was born at the Prinsenhof in Ghent. | {
"text": [
"Charles V"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5c72ccd468a6d59d24e8ddb0794baaca0c7c9e27 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | Who could write in latin and Italian besides Boccaccio and Petrarch? | {
"text": [
"Dante"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e9cf9c2d8f0cba579c88f36091bdf3abd4c7e150 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | What suggests Petrarch wrote songs? | {
"text": [
"whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
53e05f8d22ad8e4a5bdd81a48fb9ac3072d1af6e | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | Whose books were written last? | {
"text": [
"Petrarch"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c9541cc43c8f6b39a421c5b937450816159c54c8 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | What was Petrarch's claim to fame? | {
"text": [
"Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d2f539a5a42b6ade469656d82dffb787ccf4afc3 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | Who could write in latin and Italian besides Dante and Petrarch? | {
"text": [
"Boccaccio"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c026fbe7755514d8e4642746de072fc45f6d623f | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | Who could write in latin and Italian besides Petrarch? | {
"text": [
"Dante and Boccaccio"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c786598c1e25cbf1733b001fd9ceb58d641ee994 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | What suggest the use of vernacular was intentional? | {
"text": [
"both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7b489a590c450ffb0e572d7b92f650436e992143 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | What did Dante write? | {
"text": [
"Divine Comedy"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
28a1a3a8594b0d14e844496cea96dda9f00a2257 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | Whose classical ideals might Dante have tried to merge? | {
"text": [
"Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e5f48c3b27bbc5ddf2ca5b0624dfb1221138e5a0 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | What suggests Dante, Boccacio and Petrach all preferred the vernacular form of the language? | {
"text": [
"the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a511fd5402ae72a9b8de2594ca2af69079f9de5f | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | What language is not explicitly mentioned as having any dialects? | {
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0a11167adb8539fb6b6ac13753b65b55ee6fc671 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | Which language is described as the vernacular? | {
"text": [
"Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d00975c0c556262f90abe2f99e0e8ba4c619a55e | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. | What might be the main contribution of Dante, Boccacio and Petrach on the Italian language? | {
"text": [
"Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
46aea48dd4ff28d5797cf0aaee5bbf5eb6c1ed20 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | What was the term for the era of great progress? | {
"text": [
"Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4b56c4fee3148a4bde25438610d8a8ba34c35e3b | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | During what 1000 year time frame did the Renaissance take root? | {
"text": [
"14th century"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
931aa5e781a606af37952878b224f0d13f727fbe | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | What began again? | {
"text": [
"a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6ff7e7a315a26dbdf75f6ad3ac453b7227048065 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | What was flourishing in the Italian Renaissance? | {
"text": [
"arts and sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3a05479e476b8d5ff7f4098bc6703b7f947aa8e9 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | Learned men from the Byzantine area went to what generic region? | {
"text": [
"the West"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6329905370cfabc9b63fa6bdfae55827ed26a624 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | What was sucked up like a sponge? | {
"text": [
"The absorption of Latin texts"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
47b20b172abeede6e2f590cc6f6395749440afb9 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | Why did some smart people decide to stay in Italy? | {
"text": [
"High Middle Ages"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0dc38cff9baa792ab11800c027e7292aeecd6759 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | Why were Greek texts important? | {
"text": [
"many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d90f8d5ee27fd1c773e16deb07838294538a9d97 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | When were Latin texts learnt? | {
"text": [
"during the Crusades"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fc9d0d4f83dddc752e25151835382b275a6c62e2 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | Who spoke Latin languages? | {
"text": [
"Crusades"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6a312c178887a7204a99472ebc86c1f29252be31 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | What type of enjoyment were people getting out of Greek and Roman writings? | {
"text": [
"renewed"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
97ceb949478810ec24601919ab8879d16e357ae8 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | What was popular before the Italian Renaissance? | {
"text": [
"ancient Greek and Roman texts"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b0c26553c3516f788a30355519c037eb6b15575a | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | The Renaissance saw it's beginnings based on what objects that came partially from Italy? | {
"text": [
"texts"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0fcff002e9f194d2a32ed35a1c5b99f914edd2a2 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. | Where might Islam have had some influence? | {
"text": [
"during the Crusades"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7d1a69830df7deb7a89449b47e2c4b37b0bd80b2 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Who banned religious plays the year after the Papal States did? | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
69b192ba1445f4360e9b1f756c9a11bfc2589cbb | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Who was the first to ban religious plays? | {
"text": [
"the Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
03a93eb251c92b37d53828c9f36c43189cd62718 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Which plays were censored first, the great cycle or religious plays? | {
"text": [
"religious plays"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c858d4c8708a106398b9ac28cbf5dc0945e62136 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Which place banned religious plays after 1539 and before 1548? | {
"text": [
"the Papal States"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3d0b600759e3f292ef8a387b11eed92a7cd32fd0 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Which place banned religious plays before 1547? | {
"text": [
"the Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6bee84c4fabebb6ab820d90213e081662ca6034c | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Which area was the second to last to censor religious plays? | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6e49e17a986309536e06fd980106b8b0c85e5c43 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Who banned plays first, the Netherlands or the Papal States? | {
"text": [
"the Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4f8274428c3835149ffd4ef384028a6bed225be7 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Which place banned religious plays after 1547 and before 1558? | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6f6862ff328062d8d372dca57195668cb6dbd5a1 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Who banned plays first, Paris or the Netherlands? | {
"text": [
"the Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2cc62ed5b1f8bbb92f2455a375807435488f102f | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | How did the Catholic Church affect theater? | {
"text": [
"The end of medieval drama"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
07f73c94286bae6a51b673b18898fb16bdfee953 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | What genre ended when plays were banned? | {
"text": [
"medieval drama"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b9eb50ec25d50c235bc4322898d497729e82da8b | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Which religious tradition helped support the development of secular theater? | {
"text": [
"Protestant Reformation"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
54a159108c193954dd1059b504ebabc17ab200e8 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Who was ruler in 1558? | {
"text": [
"Elizabeth I"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
81da3b8cba4dd6dd1f9e054c2a24c3bc0e0a12ff | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What does work and area of like effect? | {
"text": [
"changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3d8a08d801acab5aa4e31f5deadf012104d79c48 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What does the concept show? | {
"text": [
"interplay between economic systems"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
17ccc36ff87a506979e601426908c2cd2b7f73f8 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What's a concern with lack of food? | {
"text": [
"Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
66fa08c7b2f4ae92bfefd304be3afc5a6d6906a9 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What does getting enough food deal with? | {
"text": [
"overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9ec56c6c64a2670ddfa1e60239a2be2b159167e0 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What does economic systems affect? | {
"text": [
"food security"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3fe9a0977b10e0e2094137cafa082014007626e4 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What subject is concerned with economic trends? | {
"text": [
"biology"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3dea796f2c74bb7f021ec9e7aa15dc7d26d5ebb5 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What would measure the way economic and environmental changes affect how healthy your diet is? | {
"text": [
"anthropology"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c779956085247d97b6148dbcf563dbb9b0a47ef9 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What is the science? | {
"text": [
"Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bb6843f41ad9ddd4e23a3b50e71939c430858ae5 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | What does food security affect? | {
"text": [
"human"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e1bf79649f9879ed56b7ce3572a06d3d720a6c3f | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | How does economic development effect people? | {
"text": [
"human development"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d67d7d58c958bd9b0610502603f40ff0f01c6988 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people. | How does access to food and how it effects a community specifically effect people? | {
"text": [
"interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
18e2723739ce34783bdcc8ecc20c1c6bb75b797b | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | What are the four sub-field of anthropology? | {
"text": [
"cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1b57b9a5ce0790c2844c13d123e988ce1f40645f | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | Which fields have turned away from tradition? | {
"text": [
"cultural and social"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6934d0b1216ed46376989824cb7145c4cfb32216 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | What caused the lack of cohesion over the last several decades? | {
"text": [
"difference in epistemology"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
46e95ec9228bd5128364c1f97339ce654e54d507 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | What was an issue that arose? | {
"text": [
"Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7b915315faeed4cb3fe92f782bef878d929211a6 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | Why can't the four fields agree? | {
"text": [
"lacked cohesion"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5af592625c670c69999bd7da7084c6cd2851f339 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | The questions came to a what during the talks of nature and production of knowledge? | {
"text": [
"shift"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
88dee740f72c6d702cadba00fd9beaf46d5537a9 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | How did the study change? | {
"text": [
"a shift toward the analysis of modern societies"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bcf1d51e4d19510c3eaacb3f44f59daa2666ced6 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | What occured in recent times? | {
"text": [
"During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c2fb67405b1aabeb97fe68d3a7a8da16d8ceabd1 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | What influenced the study? | {
"text": [
"there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5b83ef5473a5cd92687d6cbe944a915dfbf80bcd | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge happened during what? | {
"text": [
"an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a0584891f7c4e8d4d054949469c27cada652a532 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | What re the differences in the theories? | {
"text": [
"structuralist and postmodern"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0154294c312dbba278cd15f46071b52914dcabb7 | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | A central place in sociocultural anthropology was occupied by what? | {
"text": [
"questions about the nature and production of knowledge came"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9e2113c0417ea8b3a2e6ec9814ee1fda601ccd1c | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | In the last several decades what has caused the lack of cohesion? | {
"text": [
"difference in epistemology"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4b699c69a568008b56a2c18b18775cb22dac9abd | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | Why was there a problem between the four sub-fields? | {
"text": [
"epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8be6fd37f304b0fdb65664749ad043de42219a9c | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | The sub-fields of anthropology had how many over the last decades? | {
"text": [
"four sub-fields of anthropology"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9840f817f38324fdae6cbab08e8ddce63c25b27f | Anthropology | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | Archaeology and anthropology remained largely positivist in what? | {
"text": [
"In contrast"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
455d92864b11054efd2e15193ad1606922694630 | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men". | If zoology is an old field, then what can we call anthropology? | {
"text": [
"new field"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5641817750d9068fc4d2f040416c7202c4a2d113 | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men". | What is a belief of Waitz? | {
"text": [
"the same laws of thought are applicable to all men\""
],
"answer_start": [
673
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
03af76e5dc5f8547fbefe375acaa7b8f53048265 | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men". | Which is not a last name, Broca or Unity? | {
"text": [
"unity"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
50b089e00a09e60b11128bac4761bd13b2b4345f | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men". | Which is not a last name, Waitz or Nature? | {
"text": [
"nature"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
823462f5638153b3aadea965fe6895b05dd4912a | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men". | Is man considered a species or an animal? | {
"text": [
"species"
],
"answer_start": [
637
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
523c174e113040ac5feee37c0897f883312cfa5e | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men". | What is Waitz studying? | {
"text": [
"the science of the nature of man"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f6fd961ace5fdfc87df76eb4b74bafac9a6b6e8f | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men". | What did Waitz mean in his differing opinions? | {
"text": [
"the Divine breath"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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