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6d6009d5a8db3fb33339fdbe4257349808047254 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | what is the second era mentioned? | {
"text": [
"modern age"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2d8e2981d8af7fbab5c2ba6bff091cfad4ad5a5e | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | Which culture-specific age mentioned above is the only age that existed within the country of Egypt | {
"text": [
"Pharonic"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
74b5159f59a535981eba2d623b5f62080376c240 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | What civilization shared time with the Greek age? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
66c20dd9402e5ca9ee853f25108764e2bf95aeb0 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | what is the last place mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a478cb8fa48eb3adcc731900905a3de7baee86ab | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | what is the fourth age mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2cefc124843c20775d664682ea3871dde893aeb1 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | What can you learn about when visiting a museum in Egypt? | {
"text": [
"these ages and conflicts"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
50a77fedeea58da7b84e52ca178f89e07b3c8f7c | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | What civilization could also be found in the prehistoric age? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
08f1b6f58ecae735a46ff0bc600797db70f5e16c | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | What civilization has endured many clashes with others? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f9a53b37f264d66f81b9d466b6ed555afed20ed9 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | what is the first place mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3d162ca4e6435caaed6f9e0eb0a0e4374264ee8c | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | What civilization runs through the Pharonic, Roman, Greek, and Islamic ages? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f1c7a3d6220a9bebd03b6d9684a7715bf386d058 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts. | Which eras has Egypt seen? | {
"text": [
"prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b8407d7670bed19b293ecbaaee3c50eb5b4f2e94 | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | What replaced Greek culture? | {
"text": [
"Egyptian traditions"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2c5554a4b0a4a303d7c50ba50518a3b1026b5e38 | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | Rather than practice these new among themselves, there was a point made to share them with who? | {
"text": [
"public"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1ac509fe460e67cf717989b766d49c7234b4d240 | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | The four cardinal directions include north, south, west, and what other direction? | {
"text": [
"east"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8656e5da9a3b7de80ccc912e74d1d4d922d1171f | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | The country the borders Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Jordon, and Israel is called? | {
"text": [
"Syria"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
db59964dbf4766a867b4d413c23dd4ed5378b1cf | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | Which peoples populated the Kingdom? | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a03409bab8e73ce67c7893c399db7d4651f000df | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | What did the Ptolemaics get inspiration from? | {
"text": [
"Egyptian traditions"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a7f0a5073e53b284c2a2124d8635f52220c6830a | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | What did the Ptolemaics like to appear as? | {
"text": [
"Egyptian style and dress"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
61113645576b996f90cf32a6cc6d217f9fd3eafa | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | A garment that is solely one piece that covers one's body and often extends over the legs is called? | {
"text": [
"dress"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
488c0cf7408a1abb24521ca3b7f55df4cf71e1df | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | Why were the Ptolemaics interested in Egypt? | {
"text": [
"recognition"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1f1dd7e0abef9a95527f65b66bd9af2399a49931 | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | An ancient Greek city near the city of Shahhat in Libya, that was also the oldest Greek city was called? | {
"text": [
"Cyrene"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f6f77d1a727e20737c606b17692b05c49ac691eb | Egypt | The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life. | Items or clothing that originated from the country of Egypt are described as? | {
"text": [
"Egyptian"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4cbe9ed8eb779109d422b343ef461581f6428734 | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | What place does rain fall heaviest? | {
"text": [
"a very thin strip of the northern coast"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a8fa2ef1523f170508277e092d2484f9c42bf4ea | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | Why would snow not usually fall in Egypt? | {
"text": [
"Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
23e5c7a39f2f092d8397d58fa468ae717364f5cd | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | What place almost never gets snow? | {
"text": [
"Cairo"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3e0f761c9c896c27fcd74d4753c30b813505c8f7 | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | Measured in the Imperial system, what is the maximum amount of water that falls from the sky in the narrow area in the north of the land of the Pharoahs? | {
"text": [
"16.1 in"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
efc7f420c4aafb26adfe8f8793eae5ff189bb05a | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | Where would one travel to if they wanted no clouds and little precipitation? | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
271db3c3a7c2797e6b91b6fa19951937508d8e1a | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | What honor does the land of Pharoahs hold, in relation to climate? | {
"text": [
"driest and the sunniest country in the world"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
077ca2e2faa63938202572da80f61126782eaacf | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | Where in the area of the land of the Pharoahs do ice crystals fall? | {
"text": [
"March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
86dc5cbea13ef62b4f5c676d10c722471233e06d | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | When does a majority of water falling from the clouds happen in the land of the Pharoahs? | {
"text": [
"in the winter months"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2a91e3249e4bfdbd09580fc79657693d7ccbec9 | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | What is extremely uncommon in Cairo? | {
"text": [
"snowfall"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e97df227c5ceb0857ddd6b86a33b06eea0b10877 | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | Being the sunniest country in the world makes what rare? | {
"text": [
"snow"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dade8d0e0a29c83c62094fa914c65439cf5de626 | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | How large of an area receives precipitation in Egypt's winter months? | {
"text": [
"a very thin strip"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a5b109dc9b2b8a61a881b6a1d665b01d28e18409 | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | Measured in the Imperial system, what is the median amount of water that falls from the clouds in the lower area of the land of the pharoahs per annum? | {
"text": [
"0.1 to 0.2 in"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2351eb615ad35c7f0eaf4fe11b77beeda0b46383 | Egypt | Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert. | What are considered the winter months in Egypt? | {
"text": [
"between October and March"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1dacd545f2eec523ad55b9c3cc63dde0020dec32 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | Which refugee is more, Iraqi or Jew? | {
"text": [
"Iraqi refugees"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
749f57d297775cd03e46f277de9505ec71043a16 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | Why do you think the greek and jewish communities have disappeared according to the text? | {
"text": [
"hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6151500a33ddede715faa4c73ff4c14df16aa854 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | Where do some of the Greek and Jewish communities that are left located? | {
"text": [
"in the country"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5c8097770b01d4eea46840e585f96d2095d7af19 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | Which refugee is more, Palesinian or Greek? | {
"text": [
"Palestinian"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
25352e85f6f52787eee57ee0e454d402a9686303 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | Which refugee is more, Iraqi or Greek? | {
"text": [
"Iraqi"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2b286be9146d428ba57f6279016b70e995b08e6e | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | If you were to go and visit a site of historical significance, where might you go? | {
"text": [
"Cairo, Alexandria and other cities"
],
"answer_start": [
571
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5034be407657ac2258f2b46f8414a47cb3fb3d97 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | What group are they unsure of? | {
"text": [
"Sudanese"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
edad6098212c606409ff1a7df6eea7bd1032c69f | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | What is the name, mentioned in the next, of those that are running from their own countries? | {
"text": [
"asylum seekers"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
932318438bf610036a24599acaf4506c21a0afd9 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | Which refugee is more, Palesinian or Jew? | {
"text": [
"Palestinian"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e08e5154ce8289f78fb0877c160eff44c3ab0cb2 | Egypt | Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities. | Which refugees is more, Palesinian or Sudanese? | {
"text": [
"Sudanese"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2a26f85af77dd48b4c3564bfc02536b351277cbd | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | How would Egypt be described in terms of early religion? | {
"text": [
"Christianised"
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
931b8bb6fee9cfe8256eec0dabfd66eb723a737d | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | Which of the following is not an iconic monument of Egypt: the Giza Necropolis, Great Sphinx, or Christianised? | {
"text": [
"Christianised"
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
37f665367c05014f8b702d5c3eb6311c167b7aff | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | What is the third foreign influence on Egypt mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
741
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a0e0f44db800763560476326379e19558c5c708b | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | How would Egypt be described in terms of religion later on? | {
"text": [
"Islamised"
],
"answer_start": [
860
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b7e8ca8ce5c2540361ecbcdd8322c3b0aacb9289 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | Egypt was considered an original of what? | {
"text": [
"nation states"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e319aa2bdfcc888da320670cef5a6019ea47fae2 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | Which of the following is not a foreign influence on Egypt: Greek, Persian, or the Common Era? | {
"text": [
"the Common Era"
],
"answer_start": [
824
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
43d7c20e67e5637646b0d2d8124efe0c68d9fbef | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | What science of growing food was prevalent in early Egypt? | {
"text": [
"agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3241c742d57f04c3a988f26673e654e6f7a82b73 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | What types of scientists work in Egypt? | {
"text": [
"archaeological"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
905042b2e7c370534c90c8d5d6a6f0d70227c308 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century. | Which of the following is not an iconic monument of Egypt: the Giza Necropolis, Great Sphinx, or the Common Era? | {
"text": [
"the Common Era"
],
"answer_start": [
824
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
73b54ba2894441406b0738d3313701c2e03d2b36 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | Where was Avestan found? | {
"text": [
"the Avesta"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
183f5f9672996a7ed1053ef7098c4154428aa598 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | What used Avestan? | {
"text": [
"the Avesta"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8bf1a1975073dd5c3378e084482ae46d8ddef32b | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | What stage of development is after Old Persian in language origins? | {
"text": [
"Middle Persian"
],
"answer_start": [
1006
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d20b47a246f52553ffaf5e4a29cddf4c59782b6e | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | What would you call the language found in the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion today? | {
"text": [
"Old Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a9cf7d22bb522d0313e66b3ef18cf159fd88159d | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | Where can you find the use of the dialects of Avestan? | {
"text": [
"Old Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3c3870826aa9d29fe71b62b2201f21b0f4b229fe | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | Which language does not contain a second to third evolution, only a beginning to and end evolution? | {
"text": [
"Avestan"
],
"answer_start": [
1045
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
67110c83b4be9395904761e937d1a2642458a0f3 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | What language are the ones found in the texts of native religion stemming out of the Iranian region? | {
"text": [
"Avestan"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9a7a672729279a513f7bf77ffaf3390d9533d256 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | Which language is older, Younger Avestan or Old Avestan? | {
"text": [
"Younger Avestan"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6ea806b81c54336d84b269dc5161828a13259d63 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | What religion is found in the Avesta? | {
"text": [
"behdin"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
38c3864cc898e245e5d417499382689a9c46292c | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes). | Why is Younger Avestan a misleading name for the language? | {
"text": [
"different geographic region"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
37e34a1918c18b9c2e7bdb87ddc2e6142d67d839 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What languages were dominant in modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans prior to Slavicisation? | {
"text": [
"Scythian"
],
"answer_start": [
820
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
05a4073f30735bc3ee6873c6fbd86eca7c82a2f1 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Which language was spoken in Turkmenistan first, Sogdian or Turkic languages? | {
"text": [
"Sogdian"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e0f24d16b5e0ec561fc8d99db5bc1bea12a0788c | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What language was replaced in Central Asia? | {
"text": [
"Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9c333cbd6ed64fb9fb3d575f4f37632b75d91fa9 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | A language that barely survives in a portion of the Zarafshan valley is related to a language that was displaced from Central Asia by what type of languages? | {
"text": [
"Turkic"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
57070740e135c00f3ee640a5bb6f20f7001f59b4 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Which of the following was not taken over by Slavs: Ukriane, the Balkans, or Tajikistan? | {
"text": [
"Tajikistan"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c1f640e85bf6112a0c809981848f2c4851946c4c | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What happened because people adapted to new languages instead of standing their ground on the traditional languages on a region in the 500s? | {
"text": [
"displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages"
],
"answer_start": [
768
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ac7909608ca55e258ffc59fb0dbfa5f2ee2a8fa0 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | From where did Arabic displace Iranian languages? | {
"text": [
"Khuzestan"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4af8c63eeb54d0e6b5cba1f0cce5be8dda5e764d | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Where is the sole remnant of the Scythian languages spoken? | {
"text": [
"the Caucasus"
],
"answer_start": [
986
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e90bc97c563d4447f5a9104b00461fb8432aaed4 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What did Slavicisation do? | {
"text": [
"displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages"
],
"answer_start": [
768
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f0dbeb5f6b6ed2e855baac025b130a96612aecdf | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What might you have heard in Kazakhstan before the spread of Arabic? | {
"text": [
"Sogdian and Bactrian"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9cb371560a348b9acfb13480576c5e505914d174 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Who has adapted and changed languages? | {
"text": [
"Proto-Slavic population"
],
"answer_start": [
685
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
596661bd684a65972e201286488ea2a8421fe1cd | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What was going on in Eastern Europe? | {
"text": [
"Slavicisation"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4399bf49eb397aa13263c5c29d5d386c7daaa543 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Where is the sole Scythian language today? | {
"text": [
"Caucasus"
],
"answer_start": [
990
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c37685bdd02de59b44a95c3c11ae87cd4bfd6035 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What is the sole survivor of the Scythian languages of Eastern Europe and the North Caucasus? | {
"text": [
"Ossetic"
],
"answer_start": [
975
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f43a7f72e1703f83d5d683bb8386005527a15a98 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Which of the following languages is not spoken in Iran: Arabic or Ossetic? | {
"text": [
"Ossetic"
],
"answer_start": [
975
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c84525590ef0a6cfe0a19ba5ba0aee99a9813934 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | What is the grandfather of all Iranian languages? | {
"text": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4941cc7a9466e244883b22851ce33477b0350fb2 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | Proto-Iranian is a type of? | {
"text": [
"languages"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8a96ec20daa238c289cd043cdc2f816a6018fdd7 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | Origin of Iranian | {
"text": [
"Proto-Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d888a2e62c14241c7f1f23c32f518dd0a832d869 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | Where is the location from which Nuristani comes? | {
"text": [
"Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
24968aaeef9694b33e57d8f48a92e3eba2c4f938 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | All these languages come from the area of? | {
"text": [
"Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d3f3cbef5858633dca006e2993ce63031a5af5c9 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | Where is the location from where Proto-Iranian comes? | {
"text": [
"Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
06b273c41c205b3c09f97ebc361e4eb2d535936a | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | What is Proto-Iranian to all Iranian languages? | {
"text": [
"common ancestor"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
901175766f759c495729e7d2af859505d1d301f6 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | Where did Proto-Iranian come from | {
"text": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
01789fc9b931d2bb4567b38dae3fc002b009f0b7 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | What is the parent of Proto-Indo-Aryan? | {
"text": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
50fa9473f189daade977a02575fddca29764147b | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | What is spoken in Iran | {
"text": [
"Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
96750a119f8ed65b8a7a6aaa4f202af838a7ad37 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC. | Who spoke Indo-Iranian | {
"text": [
"Andronovo"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
79c36be8a15aa4e8cae4eba7bfdf558a7022b053 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | When people refer to Near East as a shorthand reference for studying the non-modern Arabic region, what word are they omitting? | {
"text": [
"Ancient"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8372e2b68f6923918f87c5763b2927a8680fd26c | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | Universities named Near East are often places of scholarship about the cultures of a what time? | {
"text": [
"modern"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0f7f0ebf2e7a251a57cff694548a3d7ef16b7688 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | what what is the accient version of Arabic? | {
"text": [
"Sumerian and Akkadian"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
067c9fb35fe69c1b6fdbf1429eeb6491afc56045 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | If you are reading a research article about the Middle East, what is likely referred to in the publication? | {
"text": [
"Near East or Near Eastern"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
873d45c97a8b890cdcc29e155be4bd8fe41429d0 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | Near eastern is closely related to? | {
"text": [
"university departments"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2b876612bfc8cfe99cd1ec0957f43347e787ff26 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | Sumerian and Akkadian languages are not? | {
"text": [
"modern"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
80574ed7d9727162aff65a44bbb3c076cad07d42 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | Modern Near Eastern speech is probably? | {
"text": [
"Arabic"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a336300866ef26a7623a0857380140fa85575c1d | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | Although we think of Arabic languages as being Middle Eastern, what are they often referred to as in studies? | {
"text": [
"Near Eastern Languages"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1e58874179e8b8d62d59b3c3cbde4ac8d57dfd16 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | we can say Akkadians are part of? | {
"text": [
"Middle East"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3b5c7fab8c9d7cca5c50c70c696f0997c730fdb6 | Near_East | A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages. | Summerians are part of? | {
"text": [
"Middle East"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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