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Breast Reduction Scars: Healing Time, Appearance, Removal, and More\nNewsletter\nYour Look, Your Way\nBreast Reduction: What to Expect from Scarring\nMedically reviewed by Catherine Hannan, MD on January 26, 2018 — Written by Kristeen Cherney\nDifferent techniques, different scars\nScar appearance\nScarring over time\nAftercare and scar reduction\nScar removal\nTakeaway\nHealthline and our partners may receive a portion of revenues if you make a purchase using a link on this page.\nAre scars avoidable?\nBreast reduction, like breast enhancement, involves incisions in the skin. Scars are inevitable with any surgery, including breast reduction.\nBut this doesn't mean you'll necessarily be stuck with significant scarring. There are ways to reduce the appearance of scars during and after surgery.\nYour first job is to find a high-quality, board-certified plastic surgeon who is experienced with breast reduction and minimal scarring. You can then try different techniques post-surgery to reduce breast reduction scars. Keep reading to learn more.\nDifferent techniques leave different scars\nLike any surgery, breast reduction leads to scarring. However, the extent of the scarring partly depends on the types of techniques used. This boils down to shorter-scar versus larger-scar techniques.\nBe sure to ask about these techniques when you look at your surgeon's portfolio of work to get an idea of the differences between the two. This will help you learn what to expect post-surgery.\nShorter-scar technique\nThe shorter-scar technique in breast reduction surgery consists of smaller incisions. This method is used for people who experience sagging and want a minimal-to-moderate reduction in breast size.\nPeople in this category will usually go down a cup size.\nThe limitation of short-scar reductions is their scope. Shorter-scar techniques aren't for larger breast reductions.\nAlso called a \"lollipop\" or vertical breast reduction, this technique includes two incisions. The first incision is made around the areola, and the other is made from the bottom of the areola down toward the underlying breast crease. Once the incisions are made, your surgeon will remove tissue, fat, and excess skin before reshaping the breast to a smaller size.\nBecause these incisions are smaller, the scarring is condensed to a small area of the breast. Most scars are located on the lower half of the breast (below the nipple). These scars aren't noticeable above your clothing, and may be covered with a swimsuit.\nLarger-scar technique\nAs their name suggests, larger-scar techniques involve more incisions and subsequent larger areas of scarring.\nThis technique involves three incisions:\none incision between the areola and crease under the breast\nanother one around the areola\none final incision horizontally beneath the breast (along the crease)\nThe larger-scar technique is used for an inverted-T (\"anchor\") breast reduction. You may be a candidate for this procedure if you have significant asymmetry or sagging. Your surgeon may also suggest an anchor reduction if you want to go down a few cup sizes or more.\nAlthough this procedure seems more extensive, the larger-scar technique only involves one additional incision underneath the breasts.\nWhat will the scarring look like?\nScarring from surgical incision looks like a thin, raised line on top of your skin. This is called scar tissue. At first, the area is red or pink in color. As the scar heals, it will darken and flatten. It may take several months to a year for your scars to fade. If you have darker skin, you may be at a greater risk for hyperpigmentation, or possibly thicker raised scars such as hypertrophic scars or keloids.\nThe appearance will vary between smaller and larger-scar techniques. With the latter, you will have three scars compared with two. Incisions made along the breast crease may not be as noticeable because they are horizontal and hidden in the breast crease, or bra line, itself.\nBreast reduction scars shouldn't be visible in a bikini top or a bra. With an anchor breast reduction, some scarring might show along the crease of the breasts in minimal clothing.\nWill the scars change over time?\nIf left untreated, breast reduction scars may become more noticeable over time.\nScarring may also be worsened by:\nsmoking\ntanning\nexcessive scrubbing\nitching or scratching the area\nYour doctor is your best resource for information about aftercare and scar reduction techniques. They can walk you through your options and advise you on any next steps.\nYou shouldn't use over-the-counter (OTC) scar removal methods without consulting your doctor. Some products may increase your risk of rash and irritation, which may make the area of scarring more noticeable.\nThere's also little evidence that such products — even those with vitamin E — will work for surgery-related scars.\nHow to care for your scars and minimize their appearance\nLong before the incisions of a breast reduction turn into scars, you should follow your surgeon's instructions for post-care.\nMake sure you keep wearing chest bandages and your surgical bra for the first few days after surgery. You'll likely see your surgeon for a follow-up after this time. They'll advise you on how to take care of your skin as it heals.\nOnce the incisions close, there are scar-minimizing techniques you may consider trying during the healing process (but ask your surgeon first!). Your doctor may recommend more than one approach.\nScar massage\nA scar massage is a technique involving gentle movements with your fingertips. Gently, you massage your scar vertically and then horizontally. You should also massage the scar in circles. This technique is thought to help increase collagen and flexibility, while also decreasing discomfort.\nThe Moffitt Cancer Center recommends starting scar massages about two weeks post-surgery. Daily massages of 10 minutes at a time are ideal. You can repeat the process up to three times a day.\nSilicone sheets or scar gels\nSilicone sheets and scar gels are OTC solutions for scars. Silicone sheets come in the form of bandages that have silicone in them. The idea is to hydrate the area of scarring to help make the skin more flexible. It may be helpful to use silicone sheets shortly after surgery because they can also reduce pain, itching, and other discomforts.\nScar gels, such as Mederma, may be used for fresh or old scars to help reduce their appearance. Over time, scars may fade in color and even shrink in size. Your doctor may recommend that you use a scar gel as soon as the incision heals. For scar gels to work, you must use them every day until you achieve the desired results. This may take up to several months.\nEmbrace dressings\nEmbrace dressings are U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved bandages that are applied immediately after the incisions are closed post-surgery. These are designed to help pull the edges of your skin together to speed up the healing process. Embrace dressings also contain silicone, and they may be worn daily for up to one year.\nA discussed the effects of Embrace dressings on 36 people who recently had abdominoplasties. After 12 months, researchers noted significant scar reduction. However, similar studies on Embrace for breast reduction are lacking.\nFractionated lasers\nLong after your scars have healed, if they are overly dark or thick, fractionated laser may be an option. This treatment consists of microscopic lasers that can treat large areas of skin at once. They also target both the upper (epidermis) and middle (dermis) layers of skin, ensuring deeper scar removal. After treatment, the treated scar turns bronze temporarily before healing.\nYou may need multiple treatments spaced out every other month. According to DermNet New Zealand, four to five treatments may be necessary to achieve the desired effects. Fractional lasers may be used once your breast reduction scars have healed. This prevents potential complications, such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.\nSunscreen\nIt's important to wear sunscreen every day, even if your breast scars aren't directly exposed to the sun. UV rays can darken the newly created scar tissue after surgery. This will make the scars darker than the rest of your skin, thereby making them more noticeable.\nThe American Academy of Dermatology recommends a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30. Try out Neutrogena's Ultra Sheer Dry Touch Sunscreen or Vanicream Sunscreen for these benefits.\nCan you get the scars removed?\nThe only way to remove scars is through certain surgical procedures. These may be performed by your cosmetic surgeon or a dermatologist.\nScar removal procedures typically leave a new scar left in place of the previous scar. However, there's a possibility that the new scars will be smaller, finer and hopefully less noticeable.\nOne method of scar removal is called punch grafting. This procedure is primarily used for extremely deep scars that are smaller in size, but may be numerous and cover a large area.\nPunch grafting works by plugging in skin from another area of the body (such as the ears) into the removed scar. The result is a smoother and shallower scar. Punch grafting takes up to one week to heal.\nOther methods of scar removal may include:\nchemical peels\nlaser therapy\ntissue expansion\ntopical bleaching medications\nThe bottom line\nBreast reduction scars are inevitable, but only to a certain degree. With the right surgeon, you may have minimal scarring post-reduction.\nBefore choosing a plastic surgeon, ask them for a portfolio of their work on breast reductions to see before and after pictures. This can help give you some insights into their quality of work, as well as the extent of scarring post-operation.\nYour plastic surgeon can also give you tips for taking care of the areas of incision to promote the healing process.\nMedically reviewed by Catherine Hannan, MD on January 26, 2018 — Written by Kristeen Cherney\nMore in Your Look, Your Way\nCoolSculpting: Does It Work?\nVaricose Veins: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis\nHair Transplant: the Cost of Treatment, Recovery, and More\nBotox Under the Eyes: Cost, Effectiveness, and Side Effects\nLaser Hair Removal Side Effects and Risks\nView all\nREAD THIS NEXT\nCoolSculpting: Risks and Side Effects\nMedically reviewed by Catherine Hannan, MD\nLearn more about the potential risks and side effects of CoolSculpting, a nonsurgical fat-reduction procedure.\nREAD MORE\nReceding Hairline: Stages, Causes, and Treatments\nMedically reviewed by Sarah Taylor, MD\nA receding hairline can start to develop in people as they age. In many cases, hair loss, or alopecia, can be treated with surgery or medications.\nREAD MORE\nHair Transplant: Procedure, Recovery & Side Effects\nMedically reviewed by Catherine Hannan, MD\nDuring a hair transplant, a surgeon moves hair from a hair-filled section of the head to a bald area. Transplants are mostly used to address baldness…\nREAD MORE\nLaser Hair Removal vs. Electrolysis: What's the Difference?\nMedically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, APRN\nAlthough laser hair removal is generally safe, side effects are possible. Learn about the potential side effects, the mythical cancer connection, and…\nREAD MORE\nKybella: Cost, Side Effects, and What to Expect\nMedically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, APRN\nLearn about Kybella, a cosmetic procedure used to remove excess fat under the chin.\nREAD MORE\nVaricose Vein Stripping: Purpose, Procedure, and Risks\nMedically reviewed by Steven Kim, MD\nFind information on varicose vein stripping, including why the procedure is done, what to expect during the procedure, and how long it takes to…\nREAD MORE\nBotox Brow Lift: Cost, Effectiveness, Side Effects\nMedically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN\nA Botox brow lift can help get rid of stubborn frown lines without surgery. Here’s how it works and what you should know about the side effects.\nREAD MORE\nJuvederm: Cost, Side Effects, and Risks\nMedically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, APRN\nLearn more about Juvederm, a cosmetic treatment used as a filler to restore facial contours and improve signs of aging.\nREAD MORE\nHair Loss Treatments for Men: 17 Hair Loss Remedies\nMedically reviewed by Catherine Hannan, MD\nYou can’t always prevent hair loss in men, but you can learn more about how to reduce or prevent hair loss. Check out 17 of the best fixes and…\nREAD MORE\nDermabrasion: Purpose, Procedure and Risks\nMedically reviewed by Laura Marusinec, MD\nDermabrasion uses a rotating instrument to remove layers of skin, usually on the face.\nREAD MORE\nCMS Id: 142677 Client Version: 2b2d7909d0829945d526197a820652017194dca8 Build Number: 26582

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Addition of telephone coaching to a physiotherapist-delivered physical activity program in people with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised controlled trial protocol | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Full Text\nSkip to content\nAdvertisement\nMenu\nExplore journals\nGet published\nAbout BMC\nSearch\nLogin My Account\nSearch all BMC articles\nSearch\nBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders\nMenu\nHome\nAbout\nArticles\nSubmission Guidelines\nTable of Contents\nAbstract\nBackground\nMethods/Design\nDiscussion\nDeclarations\nReferences\nStudy protocol\nOpen Access\nAddition of telephone coaching to a physiotherapist-delivered physical activity program in people with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised controlled trial protocol\nKim L Bennell1Email author,\nThorlene Egerton1,\nCaroline Bills2,\nJanette Gale2,\nGregory S Kolt3,\nStephen J Bunker4,\nDavid J Hunter5,\nCaroline A Brand6,\nAndrew Forbes6,\nAnthony Harris7 and\nRana S Hinman1\nBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders201213:246\nhttps://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-13-246\n© Bennell et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012\nReceived: 23 November 2012\nAccepted: 29 November 2012\nPublished: 11 December 2012\nAbstract\nBackground\nKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common and costly chronic musculoskeletal conditions world-wide and is associated with substantial pain and disability. Many people with knee OA also experience co-morbidities that further add to the OA burden. Uptake of and adherence to physical activity recommendations is suboptimal in this patient population, leading to poorer OA outcomes and greater impact of associated co-morbidities. This pragmatic randomised controlled trial will investigate the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of adding telephone coaching to a physiotherapist-delivered physical activity intervention for people with knee OA.\nMethods/Design\n168 people with clinically diagnosed knee OA will be recruited from the community in metropolitan and regional areas and randomly allocated to physiotherapy only, or physiotherapy plus nurse-delivered telephone coaching. Physiotherapy involves five treatment sessions over 6 months, incorporating a home exercise program of 4–6 exercises (targeting knee extensor and hip abductor strength) and advice to increase daily physical activity. Telephone coaching comprises 6–12 telephone calls over 6 months by health practitioners trained in applying the Health Change Australia (HCA) Model of Health Change to provide behaviour change support. The telephone coaching intervention aims to maximise adherence to the physiotherapy program, as well as facilitate increased levels of participation in general physical activity. The primary outcomes are pain measured by an 11-point numeric rating scale and self-reported physical function measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index subscale after 6 months. Secondary outcomes include physical activity levels, quality-of-life, and potential moderators and mediators of outcomes including self-efficacy, pain coping and depression. Relative cost-effectiveness will be determined from health service usage and outcome data. Follow-up assessments will also occur at 12 and 18 months.\nDiscussion\nThe findings will help determine whether the addition of telephone coaching sessions can improve sustainability of outcomes from a physiotherapist-delivered physical activity intervention in people with knee OA.\nTrial Registration\nAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry reference: ACTRN12612000308897\nKeywords\nPhysical Activity\nPhysical Activity Behaviour\nPhysical Activity Intervention\nHome Exercise Program\nPhysical Activity Scale\nBackground\nKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and costly chronic musculoskeletal problem that leads to pain, loss of function, reduced quality-of-life [1] and increased mortality rates [2]. Many people with knee OA also experience co-morbidities such as obesity, depression and cardiovascular disease that further add to the OA burden. Interventions that foster appropriate lifestyle behavioural change, particularly around physical activity, are important for chronic diseases such as OA. Physical activity, encompassing both structured exercise and incidental physical activity, is recommended by OA and general health guidelines because of its positive impact on disease outcomes and health status. Both muscle strengthening and aerobic exercise are effective in reducing pain and improving function in the short-term in patients with knee OA. Benefits, however, are generally not sustained because adherence to such exercise and physical activity typically declines over time. Interventions that facilitate sustainability of physical activity behaviours in patients with knee OA may achieve longer-term clinical improvements and reduce the risk and impact of associated co-morbidities.\nLevels of physical activity in people with knee OA are relatively low compared with non-arthritic older people [3], with most failing to achieve minimum levels of aerobic activity recommended for cardiovascular health [4–6]. This may have several consequences. First, reduced physical activity significantly increases the risk for developing other major health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer [7, 8]. Indeed a recent study showed that almost all people with lower limb OA had at least one co-morbid disease and these co-morbidities were related to greater pain and functional problems [7]. Second, there is a consistent graded relationship between lower physical activity levels and reduced functional performance in people with knee OA such that people who are less physically active tend to demonstrate poorer physical function [9]. Third, lack of physical activity can exacerbate OA-related physical impairments such as muscle weakness. These physical impairments may negatively impact on the disease course [10] and may be associated with an increased risk of functional decline [11, 12]. Thus, improving physical activity levels in people with OA is an important management goal, not only for knee OA symptoms specifically, but also for overall health in general.\nConsiderable evidence supports the benefits of structured physical activity in this patient population with all clinical guidelines recommending exercise as a core part of treatment for knee OA [13–16]. A recent Cochrane review found consistent short-term benefits of exercise over education or no treatment, with small-medium effect sizes for pain and function similar to those seen with knee OA drugs [17] but with fewer contraindications and adverse effects [14]. Home-based exercise with some degree of therapist contact is an effective mode of exercise delivery [17]. Compared with more closely supervised programs, home programs are more convenient for participants, are feasible in community settings and are cost-effective for large populations, increasing their suitability as a public health approach [18].\nMuscle strengthening exercises are important given that muscle weakness is almost universal in people with knee OA [19] and is related to higher pain levels and reduced function [20]. Our randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of quadriceps [21] and hip muscle [22] strengthening exercise, together with a recent systematic review that included 18 RCTs [23], confirm that strength training can improve pain and function by clinically meaningful amounts in people with knee OA. A further benefit of strength training is the resulting increase in incidental levels of physical activity that may come with increased muscle strength [24]. Whole-body activity such as walking can also improve pain and function in people with knee OA [17, 18, 25] and is beneficial for co-morbidities. Thus both muscle strengthening and whole body physical activity should be promoted for those with knee OA.\nDespite consistent findings of short-term improvements in pain and function with exercise, effectiveness tends to decline once the intervention ceases [26, 27]. Ongoing adherence is thus one of the most important factors determining the longer-term effectiveness of physical activity for OA patients [28, 29]. A complex array of factors can influence adherence in people with knee OA including psychological factors, intervention-related factors, and disease- and illness-related factors [29]. Adherence can be improved by a number of different strategies, including receiving attention from health professionals [17], keeping an exercise log, having an individualised program based on patient preference and goals, receiving booster or refresher sessions and receiving support from a telephone coach [30]. These strategies can be incorporated into physical activity interventions to maximise adherence and hence improve long-term clinical effectiveness.\nTelephone coaching sessions, commonly called “health coaching” have been widely used, particularly by the health management industry in the USA and, more recently, increasingly in Australia, to improve adherence to treatment recommendations and to facilitate health behaviour change for chronic disease prevention and self-management [31]. Some indication of the widespread use of telephone coaching in the USA can be gained from the 2009 Healthcare Intelligence Network survey [32] which reported that 86% of surveyed organisations used telephone health coaching as the primary delivery mode of services. In Australia, the Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service® (http://www.gethealthynsw.com.au) and the Work Safe Victoria’s WorkHealth Coach telephonic health coaching program (http://www.workhealth.vic.gov.au), are examples of population-based telephone health coaching services provided by State Governments. Both programs aim to reduce chronic disease risk factors in the population and target increasing physical activity.\nDespite this widespread use of telephone coaching in practice, there are a limited number of RCTs that investigate the efficacy of particular telephone coaching interventions, which may be partly due to commercial-in-confidence considerations. A relatively recent systematic review evaluated whether telephone coaching changes physical activity behaviour in adults. A total of 16 RCTs involving both healthy participants and those with a chronic condition (although none with OA) [33] were included, and the review concluded that there is a solid evidence-base supporting the efficacy of telephone coaching for improving physical activity levels (structured and incidental). The review noted that telephone-delivered interventions are best supplemented with other components, such as face-to-face sessions or print material. All six studies that included a longer-term follow-up (more than 6 months after ceasing intervention) showed sustained improvements in physical activity over the long term. Interventions lasting 6 to 12 months and including 12 or more telephone calls produced the most favourable outcomes. Of note is that telephone coaching interventions can be successfully delivered by a range of people including health educators, nurses and physical activity specialists.\nTo our knowledge, there have only been three previous RCTs utilising telephone coaching interventions in patients with knee OA. All aimed to improve overall self management by targeting a range of patient behaviours such as medication adherence, weight loss, increased physical activity, stress management and improved sleep quality, and all evaluated only immediate post-intervention effects [34–36]. These studies demonstrated modest improvements in pain, function and/or health status among those receiving the telephone intervention and lend support to the premise that such interventions may be useful in knee OA. None of the interventions, however, primarily focused on physical activity. In addition, the telephone intervention was independent of input from a health care professional. It follows that focussed interventions and integration of telephone coaching into clinical care might further improve outcomes [36].\nIt is difficult to compare between telephone coaching studies and to generalise results due to differences in the definition of “health coaching”, the length of sessions, the training methods used and the conceptual design of the programs [31]. A recent integrative review of health coaching interventions [37] outlined essential criteria for effective health coaching interventions. They were: that the program used goal setting, motivational interviewing, collaboration with health care providers and had a program duration of 6–12 months.\nAlthough further empirical evidence for telephone coaching interventions is required, the theoretical base for behaviour change support interventions has long been supported in the health psychology and health behaviour change literature. There are a number of theoretical behaviour change models that are commonly used as the basis for interventions - stages of change, positive psychology models, social cognitive theory, theory of planned behaviour and the implementation and intention model [32]. In a review of the literature, Gale and Skouteris [31] outline the three main processes required to facilitate health behaviour change. The first is to assist the person to form a behavioural goal intention. This relates to whether a person has the requisite knowledge and wants to change (i.e. do they have sufficient motivation to form an intention to change). The second is to help to convert that intention into action and maintenance and the final process involves effective communication of information between the patient and the health professional. In essence, this boils down to a number of simple questions that the patient asks themselves – Do I know what to do?, Do I want to do it? and Am I able to do it? From the clinician’s and researcher’s perspective the question becomes –are there techniques that can be applied to influence the patient’s answers to these questions?\nThe Health Change Australia (HCA) Model of Health Change™ aims to help clinicians apply the theoretical concepts of behaviour change to daily practice (http://www.healthchangeaustralia.com). It is a clinical practice decision framework for integrating patient-centred communication and behaviour change principles and processes into clinical practice and programs. The model was designed to address the three crucial components of facilitating behaviour change outlined above: build motivation, identify and address barriers to build self-efficacy, and build and maintain the therapeutic relationship. It provides practitioners with an evidence-based health behaviour change clinical pathway to complement usual clinical pathways for prevention and treatment of health conditions. Telephone coaching interventions can use the HCA Model of Health Change as a practice framework to guide their conversations and to collect data to track intervention and behaviour change processes. The approach draws on principles and techniques used in motivational interviewing, solution-focused coaching and cognitive behavioural therapy and so includes the key features of effective programs outlined by Olsen [37].\nThe primary objective of this pragmatic RCT is to evaluate the addition of telephone coaching, based on current behaviour change theory and knowledge and designed to support physical activity behaviour change, to a physiotherapist-delivered physical activity intervention on pain and physical function in people with knee OA.\nPrimary hypotheses:\nH1: The physiotherapy plus telephone coaching intervention will be more effective in improving pain and physical function at 6 months than physiotherapy only.\nSecondary hypotheses:\nH2: The physiotherapy plus telephone coaching intervention will be more effective in improving pain and physical function at 12 months and 18 months than physiotherapy only.\nH3: Greater improvements in physical activity levels, health-related quality of life and psychological parameters, as well as greater home exercise adherence and better participant-perceived response to treatment, will be found in the physiotherapy plus telephone coaching intervention group compared with physiotherapy only at 6, 12 and 18 months.\nH4: The physiotherapy plus telephone coaching intervention will be more cost-effective at 6, 12 and 18 months when total knee OA-related costs are compared and related to the effects of the intervention.\nMethods/Design\nTrial design\nParallel-design 2-arm pragmatic RCT, with a 6-month intervention and outcomes assessed at 6, 12 and 18 months from baseline, with the primary outcome time point being 6 months. The study will be reported according to CONSORT guidelines for non-pharmacological studies [38] (Figure 1).\nFigure 1\nFlow diagram of study protocol.\nParticipants\nOne hundred and sixty-eight men and women aged ≥ 50 years with painful knee OA will be recruited from the community in metropolitan Melbourne and regional Victoria, Australia. Recruitment strategies will include (i) advertising through local clubs, community centers, newspapers, Arthritis Australia and University websites, radio, and Facebook; (ii) using our database of people with knee OA who were recruited from the community for prior studies not involving an exercise intervention and have given consent for future contact.\nPeople will be eligible if they report average knee pain over the past week ≥ 4 on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain possible), and meet the American College of Rheumatology criteria for a clinical diagnosis of knee OA (any three of (i) 50 years or older, (ii) stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes, (iii) crepitus felt on passive or active movement of the knee, (iv) bony tenderness, (v) bony enlargement, (vi) no warmth to touch) [39]. Using a clinical diagnosis is consistent with primary care where x-rays should not be routinely ordered for diagnosis of knee OA. Only people who are classed as ‘sedentary’ or achieving ‘insufficient physical activity time’ according to the Active Australia Survey will be included [40, 41].\nExclusion criteria will include:\ni.\ninability to safely participate in moderate-intensity exercise as determined by the Sports Medicine Australia Stage I pre-exercise screening questions [42]\nii.\ncurrently undertaking regular lower limb strengthening exercises or receiving physiotherapy or other non-drug management for knee pain delivered by a health professional more than once within past six months;\niii.\nknee surgery or intra-articular corticosteroid injection within past six months;\niv.\nhistory of knee joint replacement on study knee or on waiting list for knee joint replacement;\nv.\nsystemic arthritic conditions or current or past (within four weeks) oral corticosteroid use;\nvi.\nany other condition affecting lower limb function to a greater extent than their knee pain;\nvii.\nunable to use/access a telephone;\nviii.\nscore ≥ 21 on the depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale.\nPeople who have been on glucosamine, chondroitin and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will not be excluded. Participants will be asked to refrain from commencing exercise or other treatment for knee OA during the course of the study.\nStudy procedure\nEligibility of prospective participants will be confirmed initially by telephone screening then by clinical examination by a physiotherapist. All eligible participants will be consecutively randomised into the physiotherapy only or the physiotherapy plus telephone coaching program. Assessments will be by self-report questionnaires at baseline (prior to randomisation), 6 months, 12 months and 18 months. In addition, 7-day objective recording of physical activity will occur at baseline, 6 months and 18 months, and health service usage and adherence data will be collected at 3-monthly intervals for 18 months (Table 1). All participants will visit a physiotherapist for 5 sessions over the 6-month intervention period. Telephone coaching sessions will be delivered 6–12 times during the 6-month intervention period. Participants will be advised to continue with their physical activity program during the unsupervised follow-up period and beyond. Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC No. 1137237). All participants will provide written informed consent prior to attendance for the clinical screening assessment.\nTable 1\nSummary of measures to be collected\nPrimary outcome measures\nData collection instrument\nCollection Points\nAverage pain in past week\n11-point numeric rating scale (NRS)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nPhysical function in past 48 hours\nWOMAC Osteoarthritis Index physical function subscale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nSecondary outcome measures\nAverage pain on walking in past week\n11-point numeric rating scale (NRS)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nPain in past 48 hours\nWOMAC Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nPerceived change overall\n7-point ordinal scale\n6, 12 and 18 months\nPerceived change in pain\n7-point ordinal scale\n6, 12 and 18 months\nPerceived change in function\n7-point ordinal scale\n6, 12 and 18 months\nPhysical activity levels\nActive Australia Survey\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nPhysical Activity scale for the elderly (PASE)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\n7-day ActivPALTM physical activity recording\n0, 6 months\nHealth-related quality of life\nAQoL2 questionnaire\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nOther measures\nSelf-reported psychological measures\nArthritis self-efficacy scale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nArthritis impact scale (AIMS2)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nMood, tension and thoughts subscales\nPain catastrophising scale (PCS)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nCoping Strategies questionnaire (CSQ)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nDepression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nSelf-efficacy for physical activity scale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nBarriers to physical activity scale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nBenefits of physical activity scale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nBrief fear of movement scale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nSelf regulation scale\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nPatient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)\n0, 6, 12, 18 months\nBarriers and enablers to home exercises\nCustomised questionnaire\n6, 12, 18 months\nAdherence to intervention\nNumber of physiotherapy sessions attended\nDuring intervention\nNumber, timing and duration of telephone calls\nDuring intervention\nNumber of times home exercises performed\n3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months\nin past 2 weeks - questionnaire\nSelf-rated adherence to home exercise\n3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months\nSelf-rated change in physical activity levels\n3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months\nPhysiotherapist-rated participant adherence\n6 months\nTelephone coach-rated participant adherence\n6 months\nAdverse events and harms\nLog sheets\n3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months\nUse of health services/co-interventions\nLog sheets\n3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months\nWillingness to pay\nQuestionnaire\n6, 12, 18 months\nHeight\nCollected by physiotherapist\n0 months\nWeight & waist circumference\nCollected by physiotherapist\n0, 6 months\nDescriptive information\nQuestionnaire\n0 months\nBlinding\nOutcome assessment comprises self-reported questionnaires that will be completed by participants at home and returned to investigators by mail or email. The research assistants entering the data will be blinded. The physiotherapists, telephone coaches and participants are by necessity unblinded. The statistician will be blinded to group allocation until completion of the statistical analyses.\nRandomisation and allocation concealment\nThe randomisation schedule will be prepared by the study biostatistician (AF) using a computer generated random numbers table. Randomisation will be conducted by random permuted blocks of size 6 and 12, and stratified according to treating physiotherapist so that all physiotherapists deliver approximately equal numbers in each treatment group to control for physiotherapist variation. Participants allocated to physiotherapy plus telephone coaching will be randomly allocated one of the three telephone coaches. Participants will attend their preferred physiotherapist according to geographical convenience. Consecutively numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes containing treatment group and health coach allocation will be prepared by a researcher with no other involvement in the study. The envelopes will be stored in a locked location and will be opened in sequence to reveal group allocation by a researcher not involved in recruitment.\nIntervention providers\nThirteen physiotherapists who have at least 2 years post-graduate musculoskeletal experience and work in private clinics in metropolitan and regional Victoria will provide the physiotherapy intervention. Physiotherapists were chosen to deliver the physical activity intervention as they have expertise in exercise prescription and are key providers of structured physical activity in the community for people with knee OA. A clinical practice survey in the United Kingdom has shown that 100% of physiotherapists utilized exercise for this patient group [43].\nThree registered nurses who complete training and mentoring from Health Change Australia to develop skills in providing behaviour change support will provide the telephone coaching for the study. None of the nurses will have training or experience in health behaviour change support or telephone coaching prior to involvement with this study.\nInterventions\nPhysiotherapy only\nParticipants will visit a physiotherapist for five 30-minute sessions over the 6-month intervention period: in weeks 1, 3, 7, 12 and 20. The physiotherapist will prescribe a home exercise program and advise the participant to increase their levels of general physical activity. Five physiotherapy visits was chosen as this number should be able to achieve improvements in pain and function [17] and importantly has translational potential into the Australian health setting given that the Federal Government Medicare scheme can currently fund up to five visits per annum to an allied health professional for patients with a chronic problem such as OA.\nOver the five sessions, the physiotherapist will perform standardised assessment/re-assessments, develop a home exercise program and promote increased levels of general physical activity, including aerobic activity such as walking and incidental physical activity. The physiotherapist will also assist the participant to gain knowledge about OA and the benefits of physical activity. Participants will receive an information booklet which covers the following topics: condition and treatment information, exercise and physical activity, pain management, benefits of weight loss, relapse prevention and management, and facilitators for change (http://bit.ly/KaPPTW). They will also receive exercise handouts demonstrating the home exercises, a pedometer as an optional self-monitoring and motivational tool, and log sheets to record exercise and other physical activity if desired.\nThe home exercise program is designed to primarily strengthen the knee extensor and hip abductor muscles of the affected limb. Our research [22, 44] and that of others [23] have shown lower limb strengthening exercises to be effective in improving pain and function in knee OA. The program will comprise a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 6 individualized lower limb exercises to be performed 3 times per week. All exercise programs will include at least 3 knee extensor strengthening exercises, and at least 1 hip abductor strengthening exercise selected from a pre-determined list (Table 2). The remaining optional 1 or 2 exercises can be chosen from other exercises on the list or be any exercise of the physiotherapist’s choice, in order to address an impairment or functional deficit related to the participant’s knee problem. Examples include functional drill or dynamic balance exercise(s), muscle stretch(es) or other lower limb muscle strengthening. The physiotherapist will select exercises and prescribe dosages for each exercise based on the assessment findings, including muscle strength, the participant’s pain and their perceived level of effort during performance of the exercise. Participants will be provided with elastic bands and/or ankle cuff weights for execution of the exercises if required. The physiotherapist will teach the participant the home exercises firstly by demonstrating the exercise and then supervising the participant performing the exercise, prescribe dosage, monitor progress and adjust the program as appropriate with the aim of progressing the exercises in intensity and/or difficulty over the 6-month intervention phase.\nTable 2\nPre-specified list of exercises for the home exercise program\nKnee extensor strengthening: Every program must include at least three of the following knee extensor strengthening exercises.\nKnee extension\nNon weight-bearing\nSeated knee extension (with resistance) with 5 second hold\nVariation: Use appropriate level of resistance band – red through to black or ankle cuff weight\nNon weight-bearing\nInner range quads over roll (with resistance) in supine with 5 second hold\nVariation: Use appropriate level of ankle cuff weight\nStraight Leg Raise\nNon weight-bearing\nStraight Leg Raise in supine (with resistance)\nVariations: Add 5 second hold\nVariation: Use appropriate level of ankle cuff weight\nNon weight-bearing\nStraight Leg Raise in standing with resistance band at ankle\nVariation: 5 second hold\nResisted knee extension in standing\nWeight-bearing\nResisted inner range knee extension in standing (resistance band around back of knee)\nVariation: Increase weight taken on arthritis leg until standing on one leg to do the exercise\nPartial Squats\nWeight-bearing\nPartial wall squats with weight distributed bilaterally (feet approximately 30cm out from wall)\nVariations: 5 second hold, more weight on arthritis leg\nSteps\nWeight-bearing\nStep-ups (affected leg on the step, control knee straightening, lower to start position by controlling knee bending)\nVariations: step height, holding extra weight (in hands or backpack)\nWeight-bearing\nForward touchdowns from a step (affected leg on the step, control knee bending to lightly tap floor in front with toes of non-affected leg, return to start by controlling knee straightening)\nVariations: step height, holding extra weight (in hands or backpack), don’t touch down\nSit-to-stand\nWeight-bearing\nSit to stand from a standard height chair without using hands/arms\nVariations: chair height, hover above the seat without touching down, more weight on arthritis leg\nForward-backwards exercise (with knee bend)\nWeight-bearing\nSliding (slide non-affected side foot along the floor to the front and then to the back, bend and straighten affected knee with control and neutral alignment)\nWeight-bearing\nStepping (step non-affected side foot to the front and then to the back, bend and straighten affected knee with control and neutral alignment)\nHip abductor strengthening: Every program must include at least one of the following hip abductor strengthening exercises.\nSide-lying hip abduction\nNon weight-bearing\nSide-lying bent-leg hip abduction (clams) with resistance band around knees\nVariation: Use appropriate level of resistance band – red through to black or ankle weight\nNon weight-bearing\nSide leg raise (hip abduction) with resistance\nVariation: Use appropriate level of ankle cuff weight\nDo not use if painful hip OA.\nStanding hip abduction\nNon weight-bearing\nStanding side leg side raises with resistance band\nVariation: Use appropriate level of resistance band – red through to black or ankle weight\nWeight-bearing\nWall push standing on arthritis leg (non-affected leg bent at hip and knee, push thigh against a wall to activate hip abductor muscles)\nVariation: Increase arthritis leg knee bend to 30°\nSide stepping\nWeight-bearing\nCrab walk (side stepping) with resistance band around thighs or ankles\nHip abduction dips\nWeight-bearing\nHip abductor dips (standing on affected leg, lower non-affected leg by frontal plane pelvic tilting)\nA brief assessment will be performed by the physiotherapist at each physiotherapy session in order to ascertain any adverse effects (if any) that may have occurred with home exercises and to check quality and form of exercise performance. Progression of exercises is an essential component of the program and the findings from the assessment will help guide physiotherapists’ decisions regarding progression. Progression will be provided by varying the exercises including the type of exercise as well as the number of repetitions, load or degree of difficulty within an exercise. In order to gain strength, the level of effort experienced during each strengthening exercise will be self-rated as at least 5 out of 10 (hard) on a modified Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) CR-10 scale designed specifically for strengthening exercise [45]. In addition, the resistance prescribed will aim to approximate a 10-repetition maximum level.\nIn order to minimise burden of exercise, only the study knee will be the focus of treatment and will be evaluated with respect to outcome measures. If participants have bilateral symptoms, the physiotherapist may choose exercises that are performed weight-bearing on both legs simultaneously to achieve bilateral strength gains within the constraints of the treatment protocol.\nThe physiotherapists will also discuss the disease-specific and general health benefits of increased levels of general physical activity, including both incidental physical and whole-body exercise. To facilitate increased incidental physical activity, an optional but strongly encouraged part of the physical activity intervention will be use of a pedometer. A pedometer (Omron HJ-005, Omron Healthcare Co, Kyoto, Japan) will be provided to each participant to allow them to monitor their incidental physical activity throughout the day, and receive immediate feedback on their progress towards general activity goals. Pedometers have been previously used successfully in OA populations for such self-monitoring and motivational purposes [18, 25]. The physiotherapist will educate the participants in the use of the pedometer and discuss options for achieving increases in daily step count and setting relevant short-term goals.\nSome discomfort is expected during both the home exercises and whole-body physical activity, however the pain should subside to usual levels by the next day with no increase in swelling following the exercise session. Participants will be taught how to determine whether pain levels during and for a short time after the exercises are acceptable. If a specific exercise is aggravating the participant’s pain, then the physiotherapist will reduce the resistance, dosage and/or level of challenge within the exercise until the pain flare settles.\nPhysiotherapy plus telephone coaching\nThe physiotherapy intervention will be the same as for the physiotherapy only group and delivered by the same physiotherapists. The participants in this group will also receive a telephone coaching intervention aimed at improving their adherence to their home exercise program and increasing their levels of general physical activity through behaviour change support. They will receive additional written information that explains the behaviour change support process. Telephone coaching sessions will be delivered 6–12 times during the 6-month intervention period. Calls will occur in weeks 2, 4, 8, 13, 21 and 25. Up to six additional calls can be made at any time during the 6 months according to participant confidence in taking action to change physical activity behaviours, adherence level, and preferences, as determined by the telephone coach, physiotherapist and participant. The initial call length is expected to range between 30–45 minutes with the remaining call durations lasting between 15 and 30 minutes.\nThe behaviour change model used for the telephone coaching intervention is the HCA Model of Health Change (http://www.healthchangeaustralia.com/the-hca-model.htm). Health Change Australia has been providing professional development training and consultancy in using the HCA Model of Health Change in Australia (since 2006) and Canada (since 2010). They have trained over 5,000 health professionals who work in a variety of public and corporate health settings. The HCA model has been used by both private and state based organisations to provide telephonic coaching services.\nThe purpose of the HCA approach is to increase the likelihood that patients will act in accordance with lifestyle and treatment recommendations appropriate to their health condition/s, in this case OA. The model is comprised of 3 main components: a set of practice principles to guide communication and knowledge transfer, a set of essential techniques used to identify and address barriers to change and a 10 step decision framework that acts as a health behaviour change clinical pathway to guide clinical decisions (Figure 2). Effective use of the HCA Model also requires clinicians to have a foundation of 6 knowledge and skill sets. These are: health condition and health promotion knowledge, health behaviour change theory, health behaviour change interviewing skills, behaviour change facilitation skills, cognitive change facilitation skills and emotion-management facilitation skills. The first three knowledge and skill sets enable clinicians to effectively assist knowledge transfer in a way that makes it more likely that the patient will accept and use the information. The final three knowledge and skill sets provide the background required to flexibly apply the underpinning theoretical concepts and evidence-based techniques to facilitate behaviour change.\nFigure 2\nThe HCA Model 10 Step Framework (used with permission from Health Change Australia).\nThe nine practice principles represent critical aspects of the patient-centred approach. They act as prompts and tips to help clinicians build effective relationships and develop rapport with patients. The essential techniques are used to identify and address barriers to change. The first three are used to facilitate effective communication and so are used with every patient, however the remaining four are only used when particular barriers are present. The 10 step decision framework (Figure 2) represents ten prompts for clinicians to identify and address common ‘barriers to change’ that impact on patient motivation, commitment and confidence in taking action on treatment advice. Each step is associated with optional brief techniques that can be used to do this. The decision framework is used to help clinicians to systematically consider and work with a patient’s readiness, importance, confidence and knowledge (RICk) in relation to following treatment recommendations and lifestyle advice. Depending upon a client’s RICk profile, different health behaviour change processes and techniques are recommended for the clinician to apply to address behavioural, emotional, situational and thinking barriers to taking the prescribed actions.\nThe HCA approach enables the nurse telephone coaches to:\n1.\nProvide participants with education and recommendations relevant to the program goals, -in this case specific exercises and increased general activity for OA management- in a way that reduces resistance and increases acceptance of this information.\n2.\nAssist participants to make the decision that it is in their own interests to adopt the recommendations thus increasing client motivation and engagement in pursuing the behavioural goals.\n3.\nDevelop participants’ problem solving skills so that they are more systematic and successful in making decisions and initiating and sustaining physical activity behaviour changes.\nThe telephone coaches will check that participants understand that the best outcomes for OA are achieved by performing specific strengthening exercises, reaching recommended general activity levels, managing pain, and maintaining a healthy body weight. Specific emphasis will be placed on the first two of these behavioural treatment categories. If low motivation in either of these areas is detected, techniques will be used to help the participant to identify a personal motivator for taking the prescribed action. If the participant is ready to engage in the treatment recommendations and can see a personal benefit in adhering to the physiotherapist’s advice, then the telephone coach will proceed into goal setting and action planning to address any barriers identified. The nurse telephone coach will take into account the pain component of OA and its influence on physical activity behaviours by helping participants to incorporate principles of pain coping skills and learn about activity rest cycling (activity pacing). Managing lapses and relapses will also be discussed and contingency plans put in place. The individually tailored nature of the telephone coaching sessions will reinforce the initial goals set by the participant with their physiotherapist and allow these to be adjusted according to priorities and progress.\nTransfer of information between the telephone coaches and physiotherapists is an important component in the successful delivery of the physiotherapy plus telephone coaching program. Following each physiotherapy and telephone coaching session, the physiotherapist or telephone coach will complete an on-line ‘Communication form’ outlining the topics discussed and problems experienced by the participant (if any), plus other relevant information such as functional goals identified, adherence to the program and other general physical activity plans. The telephone coach and physiotherapist will each be required to read the other’s entries prior to their session with the participant. This two-way interaction is designed to facilitate integration and consistency in this model of health service delivery.\nTreatment integrity\nStudy physiotherapists and telephone coaches will be provided with a detailed study procedures manual and will attend separate one-day training sessions on the specific study procedures.\nThe additional training for the coaches to deliver the telephone coaching intervention will involve attendance at the two-day HCA Core Training Part 1 workshop and the one-day HCA Core Training Part 2 workshop. The nurses will be mentored and required to practice their skills during the 3 months between HCA Core Training Part 1 and Part 2 and the study commencement. They will be given email and Skype access, and one face-to-face meeting with a HCA trainer (CB) during this training period. Each telephone coach will be provided with three practice patients not involved with the study in order to practice and develop their behaviour change support skills.\nAfter trial commencement, online or telephone meetings will be held to discuss any issues experienced and solutions will be instigated. Physiotherapists and telephone coaches will keep standardised treatment notes and all telephone support calls will be recorded. A randomly selected 10% of telephone support calls will be audio-recorded and audited for adherence to the protocol and for quality of delivery by the study coordinator and HCA trainer (CB) respectively. All the calls made to the first two study participants allocated to each of the three telephone coaches will be reviewed and feedback on quality of health coaching will be provided to the coaches as further training and quality assurance. Participants will be questioned at the end of their treatment about their physiotherapy and telephone coaching (if applicable) treatment experience.\nDescriptive data\nHeight, weight and waist circumference will be recorded by the physiotherapist at the clinical screening visit and again at the final physiotherapy treatment session in Week 20. The baseline questionnaire booklet includes questions about age, gender, disease duration, medication use, prior treatments for knee pain and social circumstances.\nOutcome measures\nSelf-reported pain and physical function\nThe primary pain outcome is average knee pain during the past week. This, together with pain on walking during the past week, will be assessed using 11-point numeric rating scales (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain possible). Such measurement has demonstrated reliability in OA [46]. Pain will also be assessed, along with physical function, using the disease-specific reliable and valid Western Ontario McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index Likert version 3.1[47]. The pain subscale has five questions with five response options (0 indicating no pain, 4 indicating extreme pain) giving a total score out of 20, while the physical function subscale comprises 17 questions with five response options (0 indicating no physical dysfunction, 4 indicating extreme physical dysfunction) giving a total score out of 68. The latter will be used as the primary outcome measure of self-reported physical function.\nAt the follow-up assessments, participants will rate their perceived a) overall change, as well as change in b) pain and in c) physical function with the physical activity program (compared to baseline) on a seven-point ordinal scale (1-much worse to 7-much better). Scales of this kind are frequently used as an external criterion for comparison with changes in scores of other outcomes [48]. Measuring participant-perceived change using a rating of change scale has been shown to be a clinically relevant and stable method of identifying improvements that are truly meaningful from the individual perspective [49].\nPhysical activity\nPhysical activity will be measured using both self-report and objective techniques. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a self-report questionnaire that has been shown to be reliable, valid and sensitive to change in people with knee OA [50, 51]. It records both the level and type of recreational and occupational physical activity undertaken by participants over the previous week. The PASE was developed and validated in samples of older adults (age 55+ years) [52]. A second self-report tool, the Active Australia Survey [40], measures the time spent in physical activities and has acceptable reliability and validity in adult populations [41, 53].\nThe activPAL ™ Professional will be used to objectively record physical activity levels. It consists of one small, lightweight sensor, and can monitor activity continuously for over seven days. The validity and reliability of the collapsed data have been previously established [54]. Inter-device reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC, 2,1) for time non-upright and standing has been reported as >0.99 and >0.99 respectively [55] and for walking at all speeds at >0.99 for both step number and cadence [56]. The mean difference between activPAL™ and observation ranged between 0.2% for total time non-upright and 3.7% for time standing [55]. It was developed for the purpose of categorising activity into either non-upright postures (incorporating sitting and lying) or upright postures (consisting of standing, transferring and walking). There is evidence of health benefits gained from being upright (standing and walking) despite the lower intensities of these activities [57] and given the aim of the intervention in this study was to achieve any increase in physical activity, including incidental walking, regardless of intensity, this device was the most appropriate of those available.\nThe activPAL™ will be worn continuously, except for when bathing or swimming, for at least seven consecutive days. The device samples the output from a single axis, gravity activated accelerometer at a frequency of 10Hz. It will be affixed to the skin overlying the mid anterior thigh with a re-usable gel PAL Stickie™, and further secured with a strip of Mefix® (Mölnlycke Health Care AB, Sweden) medical grade adhesive bandage. Custom-written software, using proprietary algorithms (Intelligent Activity Classification™, IAC™), categorises postures into standing, walking and non-upright positions (lying or sitting). The output provides the average total amount of time per day spent standing, the average total amount of time per day spent walking, and the average number of transitions from non-upright to standing positions per day.\nHealth-related quality of life\nHealth-related quality of life will be measured using the Assessment of Quality of Life instrument version two (AQoL2). The AQoL2 has 20 questions that cover six dimensions of health-related quality of life including independent living, social relationships, physical senses, coping, pain and psychological wellbeing. The AQoL2 has strong psychometric properties and is more responsive than other quality of life scales [58, 59]. Scores range from −0.04 (worst possible health-related quality of life) to 1.00 (full health-related quality of life). A clinically important difference in health-related quality of life can be defined as a change of 0.04 AQoL units [60].\nOther measures\nSeveral other reliable and valid questionnaires that have been used in other OA and exercise studies will be administered to provide information about possible mediators of effects and effectiveness of implementation.\nThe Arthritis Self Efficacy Scale assesses confidence for managing pain (5 questions), physical function (9 questions) and other arthritis symptoms (6 questions) [61]. Responses to each question range from 1 (very uncertain) to 10 (very certain) with total scores ranging from 20 (lowest level of perceived self-efficacy) to 200 (highest level of perceived self-efficacy). Previous studies support the reliability and validity of this scale [61].\nThe Self-Efficacy for Physical Activity Scale evaluates confidence in one’s ability to participate regularly in physical activities with five questions regarding different feelings and situations [62].\nThe Benefits of Physical Activity Scale uses 14 questions to determine whether participants are aware of the benefits of physical activity and the Barriers to Physical Activity Scale uses 23 questions to identify which specific conditions make participation in physical activities difficult [63]. We will also use a short custom-designed questionnaire, similar to the Barriers to Physical Activity scale, that ask about barriers and enablers to performing the home exercises which are a key component of the intervention program.\nThe Self-Regulation Scale assesses the use of self-monitoring and goal setting strategies related to physical activity behaviour [64, 65]. Twelve questions ranging from never (score = 1) to very often (score = 5) produce a range in total score from 12–60.\nThe Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale Version 2 (AIMS2) is a disease-specific self-reported instrument. Three of the 12 subscales, mood (five questions), tension (six questions) and thoughts of overall arthritis impact (1 question) will be used to assess psychological function in our OA participants. It has high-internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity and it is moderately sensitive to change [66].\nThe Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) measures three negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress over the previous week [67]. The 21-item short-form consists of seven questions for each emotion. Responses range from “0” (did not apply to me) to “3” (applied to me very much, or most of the time) and scores from each subscale are summed and multiplied by two to give a total score in the range of 0–42. Higher scores indicate greater levels of distress. It has high internal consistency and construct validity [67, 68].\nThe Brief Fear of Movement Scale incorporates 6-items using a four point scale from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” to assess fear of injury/reinjury due to movement [69]. It has sound psychometric properties and consistent performance across diverse groups of individuals with hip and knee OA.\nThe Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a 9-item depression scale that scores symptom severity on each of the 9 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM IV) criteria. Responses to each question range from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) with the sum of scores therefore ranging from 0–27. Scores of 15 or greater represent moderately severe to severe depression. It is commonly used in clinical settings and is a reliable and valid measure of depression severity [70].\nWe will use the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) to assess the use of pain coping skills [71]. This 50-item scale measures how often a patient engages in seven different pain coping strategies (six cognitive responses and two behavioural responses), plus two questions on their perceived control over their pain and their ability to decrease their pain based on their use of coping strategies. This instrument has demonstrated sensitivity to change from treatment in chronic pain samples as well as good internal consistency and construct validity [72].\nPain catastrophising will be measured using the 13-item Pain Catastrophising Scale which measures tendencies to ruminate about pain, magnify pain, and feel helpless about pain on scales from 0–4. The highest possible total score of 52 indicates the greatest level of catastrophising. It has high internal consistency and is associated with heightened pain, psychological distress, and physical disability [73].\nAdherence\nThe number of physiotherapy visits and telephone coaching calls, as well as the timing and duration of the calls, will be recorded. At 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months, participants in both groups will be asked by postal questionnaire how many times they did their home exercises in the previous 2 weeks (out of a maximum of 6 sessions). They will also be asked to rate their adherence to their home exercise program over the previous 3 months (from ‘not at all’ to ‘completely as instructed’) using an 11-point numeric rating scale and to rate their change in physical activity level since the start of the study using a 7-point Likert scale (from ‘much less’ to ‘much more’. Physiotherapists and telephone coaches will also rate the participant’s adherence to the 6-month program using an 11-point numeric rating scale.\nAdverse events, harms and use of health services/co-interventions\nInformation on adverse events, harms and direct health care costs and direct non-health care resources will be collected for each 3 month period during the study using log sheets given prospectively and collected at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. Missing log sheets will prompt a phone call to collect the data retrospectively. Harms are adverse events that can be attributed to the intervention (home exercise program or additional physical activity). The adverse event log sheet will ask duration (days) of the problem and whether any treatment was sought for the problem regardless of cause.\nDirect health care costs will include costs of physiotherapy attendance, additional health provider visits (doctors, specialists, other health care professionals), investigative procedures, purchase of prescription and over the counter medication, and hospitalization. Direct non-health care resources will include number of lost days from work.\nEconomic Evaluation\nThe economic evaluation will assess the incremental cost of the physiotherapy plus telephone coaching intervention compared with physiotherapy only. The primary economic evaluation will report cost effectiveness at 18 months with secondary economic evaluations at 6 and 12 months. The incremental cost will be compared to the incremental benefits of treatment in terms of a clinically significant improvement in pain, a clinically significant improvement in function, and the difference in quality adjusted life years (QALYs). The incremental QALYs will be measured by the between group difference in the mean AQoL2 score over 6, 12 and 18 months. A social perspective on costs will be taken and will include resource use incurred both by health services and by the patient irrespective of payment source. Prospective self-reported direct health care use will be collected every 3 months using log sheets. Health care costs will be calculated from the utilisation data and published average unit costs for each item. The direct cost of the intervention will be based on physiotherapy charges per session and telephone coaching costs per person. The inclusion of time/productivity gains is controversial and the cost effectiveness ratios will be calculated with and without these “indirect costs”. Confidence intervals for incremental cost effectiveness will be calculated directly using non parametric bootstrapping. In addition we will calculate a cost effectiveness acceptability curve based for a range of hypothetical money values of outcomes [74]. This will be done using individual cost and outcome data over the 6, 12 and 18 months or, if adjustments for imbalance at baseline are necessary, using regression analysis [75]. As part of the economic evaluation we will survey participants at the 6, 12 and 18 month questionnaire about their satisfaction with the intervention including its value for money.\nSample size\nThe primary endpoints will be change from baseline to 6 months in (i) knee pain (NRS) and (ii) physical function (WOMAC). The minimum clinically important difference to be detected in OA trials is a change in pain of 1.8 units on NRS [76] and a change in physical function on WOMAC of 6 units (out of 68) [77]. Randomisation is stratified by physiotherapist and hence no clustering effects of participants within physiotherapists need be accounted for. However, there may be clustering effects due to participants treated by the same telephone coach in the physiotherapy plus telephone coaching arm which we account for as follows: With three telephone coaches, one third of the participants in the physiotherapy plus telephone coaching arm are expected to be treated by each coach, and we assume in the sample size calculation an intra-cluster correlation of 0.05, which has been demonstrated to be conservative for patient-level outcomes across health care practices [78]. Based on combined data from our 12 month RCT in 200 people with knee OA [79] and our 12 week RCT in 76 people with knee OA who undertook a hip strengthening program [22], we assume a between-participant standard deviation of 2.2 for pain and 11.6 for WOMAC physical function, and a baseline to 6-month correlation in scores of 0.29 for pain and 0.51 for physical function. These assumptions, together with an analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline scores and for clustering, produce a sample size of 67 patients per intervention arm to achieve 80% power to detect the above differences. Allowing for a 20% attrition rate we will recruit 84 patients per arm, or 168 patients in total.\nData and statistical analysis\nA biostatistician (AF) will oversee the blinded analyses of the data. Main comparative analyses between groups will be performed using an intention-to-treat analysis. To account for missing data, multiple imputation of missing follow-up measures, assuming missing data are missing at random and follow a multivariate normal distribution [80] will be performed as a sensitivity analysis. For continuous outcome measures, differences in mean change (baseline minus follow-up) will be compared between groups using linear regression random effects modelling adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and clustering effects of telephone coaches. Model diagnostic checks will utilise residual plots. Similar regression models for binary and ordinal outcome measures will use random effects logistic and proportional odds models, respectively. Estimates of intervention effects under hypothetical full adherence will be performed using recently developed methods based on causal modelling ideas [81] which we have successfully applied to data from our recently completed knee OA trial [79].\nTimeline\nEthics approval was obtained in May 2012 from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Melbourne. Recruitment and training of the health coaches occurred during March – May 2012, and training of the physiotherapists was carried out in May 2012. Recruitment of participants commenced in June 2012. All participants are expected to have completed the study by end 2015.\nDiscussion\nThe need to develop efficacious treatment approaches for knee OA that achieve long-term sustainability of improved outcomes is an important research and clinical objective. As there is no cure for OA, lifestyle behavioural change, particularly in the area of physical activity, is pivotal in knee OA management. This pragmatic RCT will provide internationally relevant, high quality Level 2 evidence of the longer-term clinical- and cost-effectiveness of a physical activity intervention involving a limited number of physiotherapy visits with and without telephone coaching. Furthermore, our inclusion of regional participants enhances the generalisability of results.\nOur study will provide novel information about a clinical practice model for behaviour change support delivered by telephone that targets specific physical activity behaviours rather than a number of generic self management messages as the limited previous studies in knee OA have done. This does not diminish the importance of other aspects of self-management but rather allows interpretation of the specific effects of a physical activity intervention. The identification of feasible health care models to facilitate physical activity behaviours and improve outcomes in people with knee OA has important implications for clinical practice. Economic evaluation of treatment is also crucial in today’s health care landscape. The inclusion of this aspect in our RCT offers an additional dimension that will assist health policy makers in their decision-making regarding funding.\nTelephone-delivered interventions have the potential to be adopted by the growing number of government and non-government agencies and health funds that operate telephone information and support centres. If the results of our proposed study support the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of a physiotherapy and telephone coaching intervention for knee OA, the program could be easily implemented into clinical practice using a standardised model of care. We deliberately designed the study to test an easily implementable service delivery model so as to maximise translatability. This was done by using a limited number of physiotherapy contacts consistent with the number available under the existing Medicare scheme, by using a home-based exercise program suitable to a broader public health approach, and by using a transferable telephonic coaching intervention that is inexpensive, widely accessible by and acceptable to this older patient population. Such a physical activity intervention could benefit the large number of people with knee OA and would be particularly useful for those in regional areas who may not be able to access other services.\nOur study is the first RCT to investigate the effect of a telephone coaching intervention to specifically support a physiotherapist-delivered physical activity intervention on pain and function in people with knee OA. Strengths of the study design are the pragmatic nature of treatment delivery by practicing physiotherapists in community physiotherapy clinics, and by health practitioners trained in the HCA model of Health Change, as well as the reproducibility of both the physiotherapy and telephone coaching programs. These features will improve the ability to translate the findings into a range of interdisciplinary health care settings and enable future researchers to replicate the behaviour change intervention. Importantly the physical activity program is individualised with regard to the content and intensity level of the home exercises and the plan for increasing daily levels of physical activity. The study is designed so as to conform to CONSORT requirements for non-pharmacological interventions. It is adequately powered for our primary outcome measures and our recruitment strategy will result in a well-characterised sample from both metropolitan and regional areas. In addition, our study includes longer-term follow-up and primary outcomes recommended by international osteoarthritis researchers and which are of relevance to the recipients of the intervention.\nDeclarations\nAcknowledgements\nThis trial is being funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (Program Grant #631717). None of the funders have any role in the study other than to provide funding. KLB and DJH are funded in part by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship.\nThe study nurse telephone coaches are Carolyn Ridley, Catherine McCann and Gabrielle Taylor. The study physiotherapists are David Bergin, Andrew Dalwood, Catherine Derham, Adam Gooding, Nick Economos, Simon Ellis, Nevine Eskander, Susan Labberton, Arthur Lee, Laurie McCormack, Gabrielle Molan, James Nelson, Chantelle Pink, and Nathan Wilson.\nAuthors' original submitted files for images\nBelow are the links t

Plantar Fasciitis Night Splint, Medical Nightime Plantar Fasciitis Support Brace, Foot Drop Splint, Ankle Plantar Fasciitis Foot Drop Instep Injury Night Splint Posterior with Rehabilitation Orthotic | Medical Supplies & Equipment\nFriday , April 26th 2019\nBest Leg & Foot Supports\nMedical Supplies & Equipment\nAnkle Supports\nMedical Support Hose\nKnee Braces\nFoot Supports\nAnkle Braces\nPlantar Fasciitis Night Splint, Medical Nightime Plantar Fasciitis Support Brace, Foot Drop Splint, Ankle Plantar Fasciitis Foot Drop Instep Injury Night Splint Posterior with Rehabilitation Orthotic\nAvailability: In Stock\nProduct Features:\nWe understand the pain associated with Plantar Fasciitis, Achilles tendon, Ankle Sprain, Heel Pain, and Arch foot pain. Our Plantar Fasciitis Dorsal Night Splint is developed with an extensive research to provide you an effective relief and recovery. Key Features: ¡ï HIGHLY EFFECTIVE SUPPORT: This is an ankle and…\nPrice as on: 2019-02-02 04:51:00\n24.98\nProduct Description\nWe understand the pain associated with Plantar Fasciitis, Achilles tendon, Ankle Sprain, Heel Pain, and Arch foot pain. Our Plantar Fasciitis Dorsal Night Splint is developed with an extensive research to provide you an effective relief and recovery.\nKey Features:\n¡ï HIGHLY EFFECTIVE SUPPORT: This is an ankle and foot brace that effectively alleviates most painful symptoms of plantar fasciitis by keeping the foot in a firm, comfortable, and neutral position while you sleep. The brace is developed with low-profile design and soft padding that provide bedroom-slipper comfort. With the innovative anti-slip pad, you can even wear your Dorsal Night Splint around the house to handle simple chores or just relax and watch TV.\n¡ï INNOVATIVE DESIGN: Splint is medically proven more effective than any other overnight treatment. The gentle stretch will relieve pain, prevent further damage, and work to cure the painful condition associated with the first step in the morning or after periods of rest. Sleep well and start reducing heel pain with our therapeutic overnight treatment.\n¡ï LIGHT WEIGHT AND BREATHABLE: The brace is developed with high quality soft and breathable material that makes your foot comfortable while you use it. This is the most light weight and discrete splint dorsal ever made in the industry.\n¡ï ADJUSTABLE & UNIVERSAL SIZE: The brace is completely adjustable to your any foot size with effective fastening closure. The curved of aluminum splint in the brace can be adjusted according to your foot for the effective relief. The brace is suitable to any foot size and suitable either RIGHT or LEFT foot.\nYou’re a smart shopper and you know that during this phase in your life, you want to be sure the product is made of high quality materials. We¡¯re confident in our product and we offer a 100% guarantee.\nProduct Features\nPRODUCT FEATURES – Convenient and practicle foot support that works by a bendable aluminum strip at the instep position keeps the foot in a flexed position\nDON’T WEAR SHOES TO USE IT – Less bulky , more comfortable than a traditional posterior night splint, our splint is easy to move\nADJUSTABLE – The foot and ankle straps are completely adjustable, long enough to wrap around most feet and ankles.plantar fasciitis night splint can be used on right and left foot.\nRELIEF THE PAIN – Helps alleviate pain from plantar fasciitis, injury, stress fracture, achilles tendonitis.\nPRODUCT USE for foot drop, foot dorsal sprain, strain, recovery after surgery, plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis.\nShare on Facebook Share\nShare on Pinterest Pin it\nShare on TwitterTweet\nSend To Devices Send\nRelated Products\nAnkle Foot Orthosis Support – Drop Foot Support\nThe orthosis is an aid when treating DROP FOOT and other insufficiencies of the foot and ankle Injection molded…\nPrice : 11.99\nView Details\nFoot Droop Orthosis Guards Foot Correction Shoes\nThis ankle foot postural corrector is designed to provides full stabilized protection, suitable for ankle or foot drop sporting.The…\nPrice : 22.99\nView Details\nPosture Corrector Spinal Support – Physical\nDo You Think You Need Spinal Rehabilitation or Postural Correction? Leading medical experts agree bad posture leads to more…\nPrice : 21.99\nView Details\nPopular Products\nLiomor Ankle Support Breathable Ankle Brace for\nNov 8 2018 569 Views\nBlitzu Flex Plus Compression Knee Brace for Joint\nNov 8 2018 521 Views\nMade in the USA – Opaque Compression Socks,\nNov 8 2018 391 Views\nNuvein Compression Socks for Women and Men, Medical\nNov 8 2018 366 Views\nThis website is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com All logos and product images are copyrighted to the original manufacturer.\nCopyright © 2019 - All Rights Reserved\nContact Us | Sitemap | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy\nWe use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.OkPrivacy policy

2019-04-26T08:52:20Z

"https://exusmed.com/plantar-fasciitis-night-splint-medical-nightime-plantar-fasciitis-support-brace-foot-drop-splint-ankle-plantar-fasciitis-foot-drop-instep-injury-night-splint-posterior-with-rehabilitation-orthotic/"

exusmed.com

Copper Bracelet - Fire Dancer | Superior Magnetics\nLoading... Please wait...\n909 336-7514\nHome\nMy Account\nGift Certificates\nSign in or Create an account\nView Cart\nSearch\nAdvanced Search | Search Tips\nCategories\nMagnetic Bracelet\nHematite\nNeodymium\nStainless Steel\nTungsten\nMagnetic Ankle Bracelet\nHematite\nStainless\nMagnetic Necklace\nHematite\nStainless\nCopper Bracelet\nSports Jewelry\nPiezoelectric Stimulator\nHome\nCopper Bracelet\nMagnetic Copper Bracelet - Copper Swirl\nClick to enlarge\nMagnetic Copper Bracelet - Copper Swirl\nRRP:\n$59.99\nSKU:\nCM-SL843\nVendor:\nBrand:\nSL\nCondition:\nWeight:\nRating:\nAvailability:\nShipping:\nCalculated at checkout\nMinimum Purchase:\nunit(s)\nMaximum Purchase:\nunit(s)\n:\nGift Wrapping:\n* See Jewelry Size (Top of Page):\nM (6\"-7\") Flexible\nAdd Scalar Wave and Schumann Frequency:\nEmbed Schumann Frequency (7.83HZ) $40.0\nQuantity:\n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30\nBuy in bulk and save\nProduct Description\nFire Dancer Magnetic Copper Bracelet for arthritis pain relief\nTri-metal bracelet in which the strand of pure copper gracefully swirls under the strands of brass and silver to add flair while enhancing copper-skin contact. A copper bracelet using silver and copper creates electrolysis between the metals as well as between the skin generating a mild electrical current that negatively ionizes the body thus reducing inflammation and relieving pain. This copper bracelet has 2 4000-5000 gauss magnets combining copper ionic therapy and magnetic therapy. Copper bracelets are the strongest treatment for hand (arthritis tendinitis), wrist (arthritis, tendinitis, carpal tunnel), elbow (arthritis, tendinitis) and shoulder (bursitis, tendinitis, frozen shoulder) on the arm they are worn. However they will often help neck, back and knees.\nFind Similar Products by Category\nCopper Bracelet\nProduct Reviews\nWrite Your Own Review\nHow do you rate this product?\n5 stars (best) 4 stars 3 stars (average) 2 stars 1 star (worst)\nWrite a headline for your review here:\nWrite your review here:\nYour email:\nWe promise to never spam you, and just use your email address to identify you as a valid customer.\nEnter your name: (optional)\nEnter the code below:\nThis product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!\nCustomers Who Viewed This Product Also Viewed\nMagnetic Copper Bracelet - Sage Bundle\n$69.99\nChoose Options\nPiezoelectric Stimulator\n$49.00\nAdd To Cart\nHematite Magnetic Bracelet - Chrysoprase & Yellow Tiger Eye\n$20.00\nChoose Options\nStainless Magnetic Necklace - Wimbledon SG 5200 Gauss\n$109.00\nChoose Options\nStainless Magnetic Necklace - Wimbledon SG 5200 Gauss\nFire Dancer Magnetic Copper Bracelet for arthritis pain relief\nTri-metal bracelet in which the strand of pure copper gracefully swirls under the strands of brass and silver to add flair while enhancing copper-skin contact. A copper bracelet using silver and copper creates electrolysis between the metals as well as between the skin generating a mild electrical current that negatively ionizes the body thus reducing inflammation and relieving pain. This copper bracelet has 2 4000-5000 gauss magnets combining copper ionic therapy and magnetic therapy. Copper bracelets are the strongest treatment for hand (arthritis tendinitis), wrist (arthritis, tendinitis, carpal tunnel), elbow (arthritis, tendinitis) and shoulder (bursitis, tendinitis, frozen shoulder) on the arm they are worn. However they will often help neck, back and knees.\nProduct #: CM-SL843 0 stars, based on 0 reviews Regular price: $109.00 $$109.00 Available from: http://superiormagnetics.com/ Condition: In stock! Order now!\nProducts\nMagnetic Bracelet\nMagnetic Ankle Bracelet\nMagnetic Necklace\nCopper Bracelet\nSport Jewelry\nPiezoelectric Stimulator\nFor Customers\nShipping & Returns\nDisclaimer\nPrivacy Policy\nJewelry Sizing\nJewelry Care\nFree Consultation\nTrade Show Schedule\nMagnetic Jewelry Strength\nResources & More\nBlog\nTestimonials\nResources\nMagnetic Therapy\nGemstone Therapy\nSite Map\nSchumann Frequency\nHealth Basics\nAll prices are in USD Copyright 2019 Superior Magnetics for Pain Free Living Inc. Sitemap | Shopping Cart Software by BigCommerce

2019-04-24T10:44:18Z

"https://superiormagnetics.com/copper-bracelet/fire-dancer"

superiormagnetics.com

Exercise and stop smoking to improve depression after heart attack — MindSpa\nHome\nHow to\nHow to Use MindSpa to Gain Maximum Benefit\nEnhance Your Sleep Quality\nReduce Stress\nImprove Focus\nOvercome Jet Lag\nEnhance Learning Ability\nOvercome Workplace Stress\nImprove Sports Performance\nWorkplace Improvement\nLook and feel younger\nLearn About\nOur Satisfied Customer Testimonials\nBrainwave Stimulation\nAttaining Better Quality Sleep\nLight Value to Well Being\nCircadian Rhythms\nFive Element Program\nAVS History and Background\nAbout Us\nCorporate Programs\nMedia\nHealth/Wellness Education\nHealth / Wellness / Sleep / Circadian Clock\nWomen / Prenatal / Infant Health & Wellness\nMeditation/Mindfulness/Yoga\nAdolescence, Teens Wellness Research\nAging Well\nMemory, the Brain, Dementia and Cognitive Performance\nDiet & Mind-Body Health Research\nExercise, Athletic Performance & the Brain\nTBI, PTSD, Insomnia: First Responder, Veteran Research\nCannabis and Psychedelic Research\nYouth Medical Marijuana, Psychoactive Substances Research\nWorkplace Wellness & Productivity\nAVS Research\nMind-Brain-Body Research\nChina Education Study\nMoscow State University\nAdditional Research Resources\nSupport/Manuals\nFAQS\nProgrammable MindSpa Support\nSession Descriptions\nPrevious Products\nManuals\nMember Section\nMindSpa Companion Guide\nMindSpa Software\nActiveSync Programs\nMindSpa Mentor Download Sessions\nContact us\nRegister/Log In\nShop\nMindSpa System\nMindSpa Accessories\nNew! 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MindSpa PureGreen Sleep Enhancement Glasses\nMindSpa Afternoon Alertness/Evening Sleep Enhancing Glasses\nMindSpa Professional Libraries\nLarry Minikes\nJuly 4, 2017\nHealthMedicine5\nExercise and stop smoking to improve depression after heart attack\nLarry Minikes\nJuly 4, 2017\nHealthMedicine5\nOctober 10, 2015\nScience Daily/European Society of Cardiology\nExercise and stop smoking to improve depression after a heart attack, experts urge.\n\"Depression is almost three times more common in people who have had a heart attack than in those who haven't,\" said Dr Manuela Abreu, a psychiatrist at the University of Lisbon, Portugal. \"Cardiac rehabilitation with aerobic exercise can reduce depressive symptoms and improve cardiovascular fitness.\"\n\"Patients who are depressed after a heart attack have a two-fold risk of having another heart attack or dying compared to those who are not depressed,\" added Dr David Nanchen, head of the Prevention Centre, Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.\nDr Nanchen's research shows that exercise and stopping smoking may improve depression after heart attack. He studied 1,164 patients who were part of the Swiss Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) cohort, a large prospective multicentre study of patients with ACS in Switzerland. Patients were enrolled between 2009 and 2013 and followed up for one year. Depression was assessed at enrolment and at one year.\nThe researchers investigated the impact of a number of factors on improvement of depression after heart attack. These included blood cholesterol management, blood pressure control, smoking cessation for smokers, reduction of alcohol for those consuming more than 14 drinks per week, intensification of physical activity, and guideline recommended medications.\nThe study found that at one year, 27% of heart attack patients had persistent or new depression and 11% had improved depression. Patients with depression were less frequently married, had more diabetes, and were more frequently smokers than those without depression.\nAt one year, smoking cessation had the strongest association with improvement of depression with a 2.3 greater chance of improving depression in quitters compared to those who continued smoking. Depressed patients who had higher physical activity at the beginning of the study were also more prone to improve their depression.\n\"Heart attack patients who smoke and are depressed are much more likely to improve their depression if they kick the habit,\" said Dr Nanchen. \"While our observational study was unable to find an impact of exercise after heart attack on depressive symptoms, we did show that patients who were already physically active were more able to improve their depression. We believe that the benefits of exercise after heart attack would be shown in a randomised trial, but such a study is difficult to perform for ethical reasons.\"\n\"More than one-quarter of patients in our study reported symptoms of depression after their heart attack, which shows this is a big issue,\" said Dr Nanchen. \"Some had chronic depression which started before their heart attack while others became depressed as an acute reaction to the hospitalisation and the event.\"\nDepressive symptoms in cardiac patients often differ from those of psychiatric patients. \"Frequently they don't say they feel sad or hopeless but instead complain of insomnia, fatigue or body pain,\" said Dr Abreu. \"The different clinical presentation contributes to the underdiagnosis of depression in cardiac patients.\"\nShe added: \"Depression after a heart attack can lead to poor adherence to treatment, skipping medical appointments, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, social isolation, and poor self esteem.\"\nThe behavioural changes associated with depression may be partly responsible for the worse outcomes in heart attack patients who are depressed. Biological mechanisms, including changes to the autonomic nervous system and inflammatory factors, and decreased heart rate variability, may also play a role.\nDr Nanchen advised heart attack patients to discuss smoking cessation with their doctor and to be physically active. \"You should do moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise for 30 minutes at least three times a week to be within recommended levels. Make sure you are working hard enough to break out in a sweat,\" he said. \"This level of physical activity is good for your mental and physical health.\"\nhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151010225215.htm\nNewer PostHappy head, happy heart: Positive emotions may promote heart-healthy behaviors\nOlder PostHow the brain controls sleep\nWe guarantee results\nor your money back!\nReturn Policy\nTry MindSpa now for up to 90 days risk free! We've been selling our MindSpa systems for over 16 years. Less than one-half of one percent are ever returned!\nBack to Top\nNews\nShop\nCustomer Testimonials\nPrivacy Policy\nA/V Stim, LLC, ©2018, San Rafael CA +1 415 [email protected]\nMember Login\nWelcome, (First Name)!\nForgot? Show Stay Logged In\nLog In\nEnter Member Area\n(Message automatically replaces this text)\nOK\nMy Profile Not a member? Sign up. Log Out

2019-04-24T05:04:29Z

"http://www.avstim.com/news-1/2017/7/4/exercise-and-stop-smoking-to-improve-depression-after-heart-attack"

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Culinary related mishaps [Archive] - Absolute Write Water Cooler\nAbsolute Write Water Cooler > Pop Culture > Now We're Cookin'! > Culinary related mishaps\nPDA\nView Full Version : Culinary related mishaps\nThisIsEverything\n11-11-2008, 02:14 AM\nJust the other day I was making spaghetti and had a bowl of sauce and meatballs out, and what do I do? Place the plastic cover of the bowl on the still-hot burner. I picked up the cover and there was some blue gunk on the burner and the cover had a few holes in it. Uh, whoops.\nWhat about you? Hopefully won't be hearing any injury-related stories...though I'm sure many of you have some.\nI personally haven't cut myself yet, but I don't cook too often.\nCatSlave\n11-11-2008, 02:32 AM\nSorry, but I have to share an injury story.\nStop here if you don't want to read it.\nBack when I was teaching myself how to cook, I wanted to fry a chicken.\nLots of oil in the pan, heat it up, dredge the chicken in seasoned flour and so forth.\nBut...I let the pan get too hot after the chicken was added.\nThere was a sudden explosion of hot grease.\nI managed to turn my face slightly before it hit me, but I ended up with half my face scalded in hot grease.\nThank God none got in my eyes.\nI was in total agony.\nI filled a towel with ice cubes and put the ice pack on my face.\nIt was 24 hours before I could get to a hospital, and I kept the ice pack on all the while.\nWhen the doctor finally saw me, he said that if I had not kept an ice pack on my face, I would have been irreparably scarred for life.\nHe gave me an ointment that the Trauma Burn Centers use, and in about six months my face was healed.\nToday there is no sign that I was ever burned.\nSo, anytime you are cooking with hot oil, keep a spatter screen on the pan if you're not using a lid.\nBe aware that hot grease can explode, and control the temperature of your pan.\nIf you have an accident, apply ice immediately. Cold water isn't enough.\nPatronize your local KFC. :D\nThisIsEverything\n11-11-2008, 02:48 AM\nOh no, feel free to share everyone, I just meant that I hope no one has had such incidents to speak of. Even though I'm sure many do.\nBut geez that's some story. Sounds like you were lucky. I'm going to start wearing a face shield when I cook, haha.\nTheIT\n11-11-2008, 02:58 AM\nEven though they're both citrus, lime juice is not a substitute for lemon juice when cooking mushrooms.\nWhen making bean soup, it's a lot tastier and easier on the teeth if one soaks the dried beans overnight prior to cooking.\nWhen doubling recipes, make sure you double all the ingredients. One time I helped my mom make a double batch of pecan tassies (like mini pecan pies), when we doubled everything but accidentally quadrupled the amount of butter in the crust. Ohhh, those were good. They left oil stains on paper plates, but they tasted wonderful. :D\nCatSlave\n11-11-2008, 03:54 AM\n...When making bean soup, it's a lot tastier and easier on the teeth if one soaks the dried beans overnight prior to cooking.\n:roll:\nBeen there, done that.\nNEVER use a pressure cooker when cooking catfish.\nBubastes\n11-11-2008, 04:01 AM\nWhen pureeing hot vegetables to make a soup, make sure you fill the blender only halfway, vent the top, and cover the opening with a towel. Otherwise, you'll have a working replica of Yellowstone right in your kitchen.\nTheIT\n11-11-2008, 04:04 AM\nWhen using whole eggs in batter, be sure to break each of the yolks. My mom once made a cheesecake where somehow one of the egg yolks survived the blender and cooked solid in the cheesecake. Of course, my brother got that piece. :D\nkikazaru\n11-11-2008, 04:17 AM\nWhen my husband and I were first married, I used to subscribe to a lot of cooking magazines and on the cover of one, was the most magnificent looking pasta dish I had ever beheld. I decided right then and there that was what we were having for dinner that night. After copying down the list of ingredients and making the trek (no car in those days) to the store to buy them and then back home. I proceeded to make it - which took me all freakin' day!\nThe recipe was for pasta stuffed with something (can't remember now - I'm still traumatized lol) and served with two sauces - a red and a green. So I actually made the pasta (last time I ever did it too) and whipped up the stuffing (whatever it was), then as per the recipe, rolled it up like a jelly roll, stuck it in a tea towel and boiled it - all the while I'm having a few doubts about this dish, which looked eerily reminiscent of Frankenstein's arm. While it was boiling, I made the two sauces (involving a lot of cream and herbs for one and pureed tomatoes and herbs for the other) and after pulling the now done \"arm\" out of the water, I was relieved to see that it cut in perfect spiraled slices. With the 2 sauces drizzled artistically around the spirals, I stood back and congratulated myself on achieving such a beautiful dish - and not only that, it looked exactly like the picture in the magazine.\nSo, sweating profusely from all the moisture in the kitchen, and with a feeling extreme pride and accomplishment, sat it down in front of my sweetie expecting high praise....which was not forth coming. Instead of oohs and ahhs he looked a bit taken aback. After a few tentative picks at it and a cautious taste he grimaced and he said \"you don't need to make this one again\"... and those were the last words he spoke to me for a very long time, since I immediately burst into tears, picked up my creation and flung it into the garbage, all the while shrieking invective at him like a mad woman (I think all that steam made me temporarily insane).\nThe good thing about it was, that he has never, EVER criticized anything I have ever made again! It may taste like poop on a stick, but he manfully chokes it down - and smiles while he does it!\nWe been married 14 years last August!;)\nMumut\n11-11-2008, 04:30 AM\nWhen pureeing hot vegetables to make a soup, make sure you fill the blender only halfway, vent the top, and cover the opening with a towel. Otherwise, you'll have a working replica of Yellowstone right in your kitchen.\nBeen there, done that. Also with regards burns, I've a patch of aloevera in the garden. When my granddaughter pulled her father's coffee on her face we rushed her into the shower to cool it down then put on icepacks and aloevera juice. No scars.\nBut one question. Why cook chicken in a lot of oil? Sounds very greasy to me.\nThisIsEverything\n11-11-2008, 04:51 AM\nSo, sweating profusely from all the moisture in the kitchen, and with a feeling extreme pride and accomplishment, sat it down in front of my sweetie expecting high praise....which was not forth coming. Instead of oohs and ahhs he looked a bit taken aback. After a few tentative picks at it and a cautious taste he grimaced and he said \"you don't need to make this one again\"... and those were the last words he spoke to me for a very long time, since I immediately burst into tears, picked up my creation and flung it into the garbage, all the while shrieking invective at him like a mad woman (I think all that steam made me temporarily insane).\nAww. I think I would have cried too. All that work and no appreciation. How was it really? Was it just him being picky?\nCatSlave\n11-11-2008, 05:08 AM\n...But one question. Why cook chicken in a lot of oil? Sounds very greasy to me.\nSouthern Fried Chicken: Yum yum yum.\nFor those whose diets are low in cholesterol.\nYes, aloe vera is wonderful for your skin.\nYou can also purchase aloe vera juice to drink, which tastes clean and slightly lemony.\nHealthy stuff and good for your insides.\nTerzaRima\n11-11-2008, 06:39 AM\nWhen roasting the turkey for Thanksgiving, look for a small mesh bag in the cavity before you start. Those are the giblets. Either use them to make gravy, or fry them up and feed them to the dog.\nWhat you don't want to do is forget about them entirely, and then at the end of the evening have your foodie pal find them as she is carving up the bird for leftovers. Culinary fail.\nJersey Chick\n11-11-2008, 06:51 AM\nWhatever you do, don't have a total blonde moment when holding a Pyrex baking dish fresh from the oven, realize you need to replace the oven mitts because holy $^@@ the pan is burning you through the mitt, and douse the pan in cold water.\nBad, bad BAD move.\nOh, and if you're broiling something in a gas-oven, make sure the top rack is low enough so the meat doesn't actually touch the heating element. Not only do those fire extinguishers really spray(I mean, it shoots back at you and everything) but you'll be cleaning up green powder from surfaces that aren't even in the kitchen.\n(and the powder does NOT harm hamsters, though they blink up at you through the powder with a look that says, 'Whatever I did, I'm sorry and I freakin' swear I won't Ever. Do. It. Again.)\nAnd one last tip - if your pork chops are wrapped in Saran wrap, unwrap them before baking them. Otherwise you end up with hermetically sealed, totally inedible pork chops. In my defense, I was only 12 when I pulled this one off...\nChumplet\n11-11-2008, 06:58 AM\nTwo minor burns:\nOnce I was stirring a pot on the back burner when my mom decided to lift the lid off a cooking pot on the front burner. I got a nice 'sunburn' on my throat.\nAnother time I set a Martha Stewart frying pan under the broiler to melt the cheese on top of a frittata. When I opened the oven to take it out, I totally forgot about oven mitts.\nI held a frozen juice can for a whole day after that one.\nChumplet\n11-11-2008, 07:00 AM\nJersey Chick, you are a riot.\nWilliebee\n11-11-2008, 07:06 AM\nLadles and Gentlepeople, I give you the law of displacement.\nIf you don't know how much oil the turkey is going to displace when you put it in the pot? Don't deep fry it on the stove top.\nHaggis\n11-11-2008, 07:20 AM\nThe mandoline (not the instrument-mandolin, but the food slicer with the \"e\" on the end) has a guard for a reason. I know it makes the slicing slower. Use it anyhow. One time I didn't. Fortunately, I somehow managed to stop before it hit the bone.\nkikazaru\n11-11-2008, 05:06 PM\nAww. I think I would have cried too. All that work and no appreciation. How was it really? Was it just him being picky?\nI never even tasted it, I was just so peeved I just chucked the whole thing! It was a steep learning curve for my husband, but now I can really cook anything and he doesn't question he just eats it!:)\nWoof\n11-11-2008, 05:58 PM\nI've destroyed more than my share of pots when I've been distracted by the phone or doorbell, or something else, and left the pot burning on the stove, forgetting to turn down the heat. The worst incident was when I had to rush to the kitchen after the smoke detector had gone off - and found a pot with half its bottom melted off, and some horrible black substance stuck to the burner that wouldn't have been out of place in an iron smelter. And the odor! I can still smell that acrid combination of burning metal mixed with charred pasta sauce! Well, after such mishaps, I finally learned to simply turn the heat off whenever I'm called away from the stove.\nCaroGirl\n11-11-2008, 11:19 PM\nI was making baby food--I had a baby, obviously, so that should tell you my state of mind right there--and had the gas stove burner on. I reached up to the cupboard above the stove to get something and my shirttail--which was untucked because I'd just finished having a baby--touched the flame. My shirt gladly accepted the fire and flames started travelling gleefully up my shirt toward my face. Did I stop, drop and roll? No. I tried the new technique of scream, bat and jump around. Didn't work as well. Batting at the flames did put them out, but it also showered my kitchen linoleum with sparks that left permanent scorch marks behind. At least I didn't get any permanent scorch marks on my face.\nJersey Chick\n11-12-2008, 12:04 AM\nI set the sleeve of my bathrobe on fire once - I was **ahem**a bit **ahem** hung over (it was many, many moons ago) and I think I was boiling eggs (I don't really remember, but the burner was involved and it was the morning after, so I had a reason for lighting the burner)\nanyhoo...\nI had one of those cozy terry bathrobes and the sleeve caught and I just looked at it for a moment like \"Huh. I'm on fire.\" And then just slapped it out. It's amazing how calm you are about being on fire with the little men with the jackhammers are breaking up concrete inside your head...\nEskimo1990\n11-12-2008, 12:44 AM\nAwhile back I was really into making cakes from scratch (before I realized store bought mixes taste better and are easier to make) So one summer afternoon I was making one. Put all the ingredients in, mixed it up, put it in two pans and put it in the oven. After the timer went off I looked in the oven....my cake was still liquid. So I put it in for longer. By this time my dad had come home and looked at the cake.\nThen at our dining room table, where our unopened flour sat.\nI had forgotten the flour....oops\nJoNightshade\n11-12-2008, 01:07 AM\nSo this was while I was in China, which means I was mentally addled. Which is my attempt at excusing this idiotic behavior.\nI boil some eggs. I grab one, crack it open, and start eating. Oh, I realize, it is not quite cooked all the way. Oh well, I'll just pop it in the microwave. And of course I am impatient so while it's in the microwave I'll go check my email. I'm checking my email when I hear this\nBOOOOM!\nAnd yes, my egg has just exploded all over the inside of the microwave.\nAlso... please be careful while putting away bottles of spaghetti sauce. If you drop one and it breaks you will be cleaning red spots off your cabinets for weeks.\nHaggis\n11-12-2008, 01:09 AM\nAlso... please be careful while putting away bottles of spaghetti sauce. If When you drop one and it breaks you will be cleaning red spots off your cabinets for weeks.\nI fixed it for you. :D\nicerose\n11-12-2008, 01:14 AM\nLesson I learned, if the pan is dropping or something is sliding off when it shouldn't be, do not catch a freshly cooked pan with a bare arm or hand, it hurts!\nTwo, never assume an oven cooks at the right temperature. Our first apartment's oven only had one temperature, 500 degrees, which meant everything burnt on top and was total liquid from the skin down.\nThree never assume that just because an ingredient doesn't seem like it's supposed to be in there, doesn't mean it isn't there. *Cough* Soy *Cough*\nMy only possibly funny story, I was about 12 years old and handling the old fryer for the first time. We were making homemade french fries. I had the plate all ready to go with the lovely napkins to soak up the grease. I was stylin'. There was only one tiny problem. Napkins, especially greasy napkins are extremely flamable and should not be set near an open flame. It was at that time, I learned I really could scream.\nicerose\n11-12-2008, 01:15 AM\nSo this was while I was in China, which means I was mentally addled. Which is my attempt at excusing this idiotic behavior.\nI boil some eggs. I grab one, crack it open, and start eating. Oh, I realize, it is not quite cooked all the way. Oh well, I'll just pop it in the microwave. And of course I am impatient so while it's in the microwave I'll go check my email. I'm checking my email when I hear this\nBOOOOM!\nAnd yes, my egg has just exploded all over the inside of the microwave.\nAlso... please be careful while putting away bottles of spaghetti sauce. If you drop one and it breaks you will be cleaning red spots off your cabinets for weeks.\nI did that once but it was with a pre-boiled frozen potato. I, um, forgot to prick the potato. The whole inside of the potato burst out of the skin.\nThump\n11-12-2008, 01:21 AM\nLesson my sister learned, \"don't mock the cook\". She was being nasty to me saying my cooking was lame and easy. I dared her to do better.\nShe poured olive oil in a frying pan. I was in the living room watching TV and smelled something burning. I go into the kitchen, my sister is talking on her cellphone and the oil is ON FIRE! Like actual flames, black smoke...\n\"Smells like something's burning,\" I say :D Man! Can she ever scream! LOL! S e panicked while I got a lid and asphyxiated the fire X-D\nLet's just say she hasn't cooked since.\nThisIsEverything\n11-14-2008, 08:11 PM\nThe other day I forgot I had bagel bites in the oven and I burnt them. Oops. They're not real food anyway.\nI still ate them.\nC.bronco\n11-14-2008, 08:17 PM\nYears ago, my Dad learned not to put a whole egg (in its shell) in a microwave. *snort*\nNo one was hurt.\nLast summer I was heating olive oil in a saucepan. I turned around to chop some onions, and heard \"Poof!\" The entire pan was aflame. I grabbed it and put it out in he driveway. Now I don't have a 3 quart saucepan. :(\nPomegranate\n11-14-2008, 10:25 PM\nI have a lot of cooking disasters under my belt.\nThere was the time I pulled a pan of baked chicken out of the oven and the pyrex pan cracked and boiling chicken broth slopped all down the front of my pants.\nThere was the time I put a tin pie dish of pine nuts under the broiler to toast, got distracted and had flames shooting out the back of my oven.\nThere was the time I was all inspired by a cooking magazine and served my husband toast with roasted garlic, salad with garlic dressing, and pasta with garlic sauce. No one wanted to talk to either of us for a week. (that was a dozen years ago and he still reminds me of it.)\nThere was the poorly thawed thanksgiving turkey that was burnt outside and raw pink at the bone.\nThere were many times I've cut myself using dull knives. (Public service announcements, sharp knives are much safer to use!)\nThe most touching cooking mishap I recall was actually my grandmothers. She baked every day for most of her life. She taught me to cook and most of her recipes were just lists of ingredients (with no amounts) and maybe a note or two on technique. When she was in her 60s, one day she baked chocolate chip cookies and they came out wrong. She'd forgotton something or put in too much of something. She threw them out and started again. Same thing happened that time and one more try. She sat down and started to cry because she simply could not remember how to make something she'd known how to do by heart for decades. Shortly after that she was diagnosed with Alzheimers.\nABekah\n11-14-2008, 11:55 PM\nHmm...FYI I just finished making the most delicious chocolate chip cookies.\nHowever, I've had some really embarrassing misses in the kitchen.\n1. I have a wonderful blueberry cream cheese coffee cake recipe that usually turns out with compliments every time. But when we were living in Germany, I miscalculated the fahrenheit/celsius ratio and it wasn't getting done. Finally, I thought it was finished and took it out of the oven. We were invited to dinner that night and the middle wasn't done! Fortunately, the edges were, and we were able to cut around the goopy center.\n2. Making pea soup in a crock pot should be easy, right? I had some dried English peas left over and didn't want to waste them, so I added them all in. My mistake? I didn't add any more liquid to compensate. We had three quarts worth of smoky, salty, mushy peas.\nselkn.asrai\n11-15-2008, 12:43 AM\nWhen I read the title thread, all I could think of was that terrifying Canadian advert in which a cook/waitress is in the middle of her monologue about how wonderful her life is going to be until she gets into a hideous accident. And then a vat of boiling oil falls on her and sears her face. And they show it.\nYeeps.\nPagey's_Girl\n11-15-2008, 01:38 AM\nNot mine, but years ago, my father got it in his head that he was going to smoke a chicken with tea leaves. In a wok. Just because Martin Yan did it on TV doesn't mean it's a good idea...\n...and, if you're going to do something that involves ginormous amounts of smoke, it's best not to do it in New York in January. We didn't get the house aired out until June, I think.\nI went one better than blowing something up in the microwave a couple of weeks ago - I actually had the microwave itself blow up. I put a microwave container of soup in it to warm, set the time, hit start - and there was an enormous *POW*, a few licks of flame from the back of the oven and a lot of smoke. I think I invented a few new swear words at that instant.\nOne other thing - did you know that plastic coffeepots melt if they're left empty on the warmer overnight because the dodo at the desk (aka me) forgot to turn the coffeemaker off? Hence my new title....\nshawkins\n11-15-2008, 01:53 AM\nDon't try to make blackened anything indoors unless you've got one of those industrial strength restaurant vent dealies over your stove.\nI'll add to the chorus of people who discovered that putting hot liquids in the blender has its dangers.\nAlso I dropped a lasagne once.\nTerzaRima\n11-15-2008, 02:00 AM\nPomegranate, that's heartbreaking about your grandmother.\nSeveral years ago my brother called me from his college dorm, late at night. He and his friends had been out drinking, came home hungry, and decided to cook. There wasn't much in the communal refrigerator besides potatoes, so they decided to make, yes, vichyssoise. \"But it tastes weird.\"\nSo I walked him through it. Did you put this in? Yes. What about that? Yes.\nFinally I said, \"Wait. You boiled the potatoes first, right?\" Um. Silence. Nope!\ntruelyana\n11-15-2008, 02:01 AM\nSorry, but I have to share an injury story.\nStop here if you don't want to read it.\nBack when I was teaching myself how to cook, I wanted to fry a chicken.\nLots of oil in the pan, heat it up, dredge the chicken in seasoned flour and so forth.\nBut...I let the pan get too hot after the chicken was added.\nThere was a sudden explosion of hot grease.\nI managed to turn my face slightly before it hit me, but I ended up with half my face scalded in hot grease.\nThank God none got in my eyes.\nI was in total agony.\nI filled a towel with ice cubes and put the ice pack on my face.\nIt was 24 hours before I could get to a hospital, and I kept the ice pack on all the while.\nWhen the doctor finally saw me, he said that if I had not kept an ice pack on my face, I would have been irreparably scarred for life.\nHe gave me an ointment that the Trauma Burn Centers use, and in about six months my face was healed.\nToday there is no sign that I was ever burned.\nSo, anytime you are cooking with hot oil, keep a spatter screen on the pan if you're not using a lid.\nBe aware that hot grease can explode, and control the temperature of your pan.\nIf you have an accident, apply ice immediately. Cold water isn't enough.\nPatronize your local KFC. :D\nI had the same similiar experience working in a chargrill take away chicken shop, when I was working in catering. Though I didn't burn my face. You must have been in pain, as I know how it feels even with just arms. I was doing several things at once, including frying chips, and I managed to burn all my arms a couple of times. I was in the ambulance room for a couple of hours. I came back wrapped up in bandages, to continue with my job. After that, I only burnt my hands a couple more times and accidentally burnt my fingers whilst taking some chicken out of this giant oven. Exciting work nonetheless. :)\nblacbird\n11-15-2008, 02:04 AM\nI once toasted some garlic bread on the lowest possible setting in the oven.\nFor two days. Smelled up the house to the point where I thought I might have a gas leak. Called the gas company, guy came out, couldn't find any leak, and left.\nThen I remembered. The stuff came out looking, and smoking, like that \"pure evil\" that got accidentally left behind at the end of the movie \"Time Bandits\".\nNobody lets me do garlic bread anymore.\ncaw\nchevbrock\n11-16-2008, 04:08 PM\nIf you want to make chicken casserole, and don't like an oily mess fit to make you sick at the sight, do not use wings.\nOl' Fashioned Girl\n11-16-2008, 05:12 PM\nOh, dear. Kitchen mishaps... I got 'em.\n1. Lane Cake: do not choose to make this cake without practice for the family at Christmas. Getting the frosting to stick to the sides is virtually impossible and presentation with laughter is your only recourse.\n2. After using the cast iron skillet that has been in your family for generations, do not drain it by tipping it into the trash and leaving it there. My grandmother's skillet is now rusting quietly away like the Titanic in some garbage dump in Oklahoma City. :cry:\n3. Be careful when you drain boiled potatoes. Sometimes they can jump the drainer and stick to the skin over the top of your thumb.\nDon\n11-16-2008, 05:34 PM\nWe're visiting my MIL, who has one of those nifty glass cooktops.\nI woke up in the middle of the night the other night, and decided a glass of milk and a cookie or two would be just the ticket to get back to sleep.\nI pulled the milk out and set it on the cooktop, and was just pulling out a glass from the cabinet above when I felt something dripping on my foot.\nDear MIL had been up just before me. Her insomnia cure is a cup of hot tea. :D\nDeborahM\n11-16-2008, 06:52 PM\nTrue story! I promise!!\nI used to work with a woman who was Polish. Her husband loved to tease her about being Polish and not always thinking things all the way through. Hence...\nShe decided to have spagatti for dinner and was stirring it with a short wooden spoon during a hard boil with water spurting and heavy steam rising.\nHe walked into the kitchen seeing her arm amist the boiling water and steam and told her, \"Get a longer handle spoon to stir that!\"\nHer reply was, \"That's okay, I've got long arms.\"\nAZ_Dawn\n11-17-2008, 04:37 AM\nWhen roasting the turkey for Thanksgiving, look for a small mesh bag in the cavity before you start. Those are the giblets. Either use them to make gravy, or fry them up and feed them to the dog.\nWhat you don't want to do is forget about them entirely, and then at the end of the evening have your foodie pal find them as she is carving up the bird for leftovers. Culinary fail.\nMy mom said she did this when she cooked her first turkey! Only back then I think gibblets were in paper bags.\nI don't cook much, so I don't have mishap stories of my own, but boy, does my dad have a couple of doozies!\nA few decades ago, my mom bought a couple of those new-fangled non-stick cookie sheets. Dad was washing dishes that night and thought she had burned something on them. He broke out the steel wool and scrubbed most of the black non-stick off both the cookie sheets. :e2smack:\nA couple of years ago, the guys at my dad's workplace decided that since he got to work before them, he should make the coffee. Dad is not a coffee drinker. He opened up the Mr. Coffee, dropped in a filter, and filled it up with instant coffee. They never asked him to make coffee again. :cool:\nPagey's_Girl\n11-17-2008, 07:17 PM\nBTW, we can add oysters to the list of Stuff That Explodes In The Microwave.\nI will be sooooo glad when the regular oven is fixed.\nClair Dickson\n11-17-2008, 07:59 PM\nI had cooked up a pound of hamburger meat in a sauce pan. I've always used the lid to hold the meat in the pan while I drain the grease out. I had the pot in place over the grease jar. And I thought \"This is a bad idea\" because the hold I had on it wasn't very good. (Hard to recall and hard to describe.)\nSure enough, I lost my hold on the lid. It was a nice glass lid that shattered upon impact with the floor into little glass bits. Of course it wasn't the cheap pan from the local retail store where they sell replacement lids. Nope.\nicerose\n11-18-2008, 02:03 AM\nKitchen related mishaps. A glass jar was dropped and after cleanup (I was 12) I went tromping through the kitchen barefooted thinking all the glass had been picked up. Nope, there was a glass sliver about an inch long that went straight into my heel. I finally let my sister take it out when she threated to take me to the doctor. It hurt a lot.\nCulinary mishaps, my latest one. I decided to make cheesecake swirl brownies and halfway into the recipe I realized I was short about 4 eggs. I decided to try out some of my egg substitute recipes and rather than go with the flavorless jello one, I went with flour, baking powder and water. It was 30 minutes into the baking time when I realized the butter needed a binder and what I had wasn't going to do it. They turned out to be weird fudge/caramelized brownies with spots of cheesecake dotted throughout it. I prefer them when they turn our properly but at least they didn't go to waste.\nMy dad took over quite a bit of the cooking when my mom had her stroke and I was young, 11-12 ish all the way up through highschool. Breakfast was his favorite meal to prepare and unfortunately he was medically retired at this time because his brain was/is dying.\nHe'd set a plate of pancakes in front of us and he'd watch us with a big smile \"You'll never believe what's in that.\" Never in my life has a single sentence been able to turn my stomach over. It was usually weavle filled oatmeal, month old mashed potatoes or used grease from 2 weeks before. Furthermore he did not believe in low and medium heat. So he'd make scalloped potatoes, fill the pan full of potatoes and wait for one side to burn then flip. So you'd get crunchy green, unrinsed raw potatoes in the middle, and burnt potatoes on the outside. I think school breakfast saved me during those years. I learned to hate a lot of things while he cooked. Oh and his spagetti, he felt plain tomato paste was all that was needed as a sauce. It took me about 3 years of cooking on my own to like any of those foods he cooked. :( The hard part was he was always so proud he cooked it and wanted us to love it so much I hope we did a good enough job faking it, because it really meant a lot to him.\nStlight\n11-27-2008, 08:05 AM\nMon quit cooking when I was 13, it didn't help me learn to cook. Daddy bought take out home a lot.\nOn my own I've\nBurned up three kettles and a couple of pans because I forgot I was heating water for coffee - instant.\nNever try to cut a chocolate Easter egg that was frozen to keep from eating it right away.\nAlways dust your oven every six months. The one time I didn’t the dog came running in to tell me the kitchen was on fire. Actually just gray smoke from preheated dust, but a lot of it.\nDon’t tell me no one else in this forum has set their hair on fire while lighting a cig on a gas burner.\nBTW I’m sort of just visiting in this forum. Hi!\nInkspill\n11-27-2008, 08:33 AM\nI was ten when I tried to reheat a fast-food burger in the microwave. We were in a hotel (road trip) and so we had no plates. I microwaved it while it was sitting on its wrapper.\nAluminum wrapper = flammable.\nOops.\nThisIsEverything\n11-29-2008, 05:36 PM\nWhen I was ten I don't think I knew how to use the microwave beyond the \"popcorn\" button...\nKeep these stories coming everyone!\nThump\n11-29-2008, 10:12 PM\nMy dad decided once (when I was 13 or so) that he was going to make a cake. To this day we don't know what went wrong but we used what came out of the oven as a frisbee for a couple of days.\nHeronW\n11-29-2008, 10:45 PM\nOh my, lessee, I had a neat kettle painted with a cat on it and the spout was the tail. Put water on for tea, went to the mailbox. I'm halfway back across the lawn and Mom's yelling 'FIRE!'\nI rush in. My feet are wet from the grass and I slip, my head hits the floor with a WHUMP. I'm on my feet before I can think of the pain and toss a box full of baking soda over everything and turn off the heat. Fire's out, everything south from the top of my head to my ass feels like it's been dislocated and exchanged for a rusty slinky.\nI wore a cervical collar for 4 days.\nThen the first turkey I ever did I carefully opened up the hind end, took out the goody bag with the neck and wondered why this bird didn't have a heart, liver, and giblets. A few hours post-cooking, the Ripley's Believe It or Not bird actually had the missing bits in another bag, nicely steamed, in the front end...\nThen the meatballs I made 3 days ago looked fine, popped them in the oven. Turned around and saw the spices sitting lonely and unused. Took the meatballs out, smooshed them back together, added the spices, rolled them again and that worked a bit better.\nNever be chopping stuff with a 9\" knife and look the other way. If you do, don't bleed into the food. Don't try and hide the accident from Significant Other--like the splint to keep the knuckle flat and a huge bandage is invisible...\nkikazaru\n11-30-2008, 12:42 AM\nOne morning this summer I had just poured myself a nice up of tea straight from the kettle and decided that it would be way more cozy to drink it in bed. Somehow between holding my cup, getting the blankets on and finding the tv remote, I discovered the hard way that I didn't have three hands and ended dumping the entire cup of scalding tea on my lap. With speed that I hadn't known I possessed I yanked off my nightgown, pulled my underwear off and jumped into the bathtub. The MacDonald's coffee lady? Substitute tea and that was me - with no one to sue. I spent the day alternating between the bathtub and straddling a bag of frozen peas in bed. With a blister on my inner thigh the size of a good sized dinner plate (and peeling skin in places that can't be mentioned in polite company) I walked like a cowboy who had spent too long in the saddle for a good week. Lucky for me that other than a lingering fear of tea, there were no lasting effects.\nHaggis\n11-30-2008, 12:51 AM\nOne morning this summer I had just poured myself a nice up of tea straight from the kettle and decided that it would be way more cozy to drink it in bed. Somehow between holding my cup, getting the blankets on and finding the tv remote, I discovered the hard way that I didn't have three hands and ended dumping the entire cup of scalding tea on my lap. With speed that I hadn't known I possessed I yanked off my nightgown, pulled my underwear off and jumped into the bathtub. The MacDonald's coffee lady? Substitute tea and that was me - with no one to sue. I spent the day alternating between the bathtub and straddling a bag of frozen peas in bed. With a blister on my inner thigh the size of a good sized dinner plate (and peeling skin in places that can't be mentioned in polite company) I walked like a cowboy who had spent too long in the saddle for a good week. Lucky for me that other than a lingering fear of tea, there were no lasting effects.\n:roll:\nLadies and gents, we have a winner.\nLock thread!\n:ROFL:\nPalmfrond\n11-30-2008, 01:08 AM\nMost first aid classes teach not to use ice on burns - just cool the area with water. Ice can make things worse by adding frostbite injury to the burn injury.\nHaggis\n11-30-2008, 01:20 AM\nMost first aid classes teach not to use ice on burns - just cool the area with water. Ice can make things worse by adding frostbite injury to the burn injury.\nAnd the culinary injuries just mount and mount and mount....:D\nLaurieD\n11-30-2008, 01:54 AM\nFor a while everything my then 12 year old sister cooked on the stove involved a fire. Boiling water? Caught her sleeve on fire (synthetic clothing will melt a bit while it burns). Grilled cheese? ala flambe. Mac and cheese? It took forever for her to scrape the inch of burned cheesy pasta off the bottom of my mother's favorite pot.\nWhen my parents got their first microwave, that introduced new disasters... the microwave came with a fudgie brownie recipe that my sister developed a craving for one afternoon when she and I were home alone. Only after she whipped together all of the ingredients except the cocoa, did she realize we were out of cocoa and decides vanilla brownies sound alright, so stirs a spoonful of vanilla into the goopy mess and nukes it according to the recipe. It stayed a goopy mess. Eventually, after cooking it again and again, it became a goopy mess with burnt edges. Not wanting to put the goo in the trash, where a parent might see it, same parent who had banned my sister from cooking anything when they were not present (for obvious reasons), my sister decided the best way to get rid of the evidence is to dump it in the backyard, in the approximately soda can sized hole the clothesline support pole went in. About a week later, my day is mowing the lawn and moves the pole. Only to find the end covered in a sticky, gooey mess...\nGrowing up with my sister... good times, good times...\nMaryMumsy\n11-30-2008, 02:45 AM\nI've had a few recipes that didn't turn out quite like I expected, but no disasters to speak of. My poor Mom on the other hand...the potato that exploded in the oven, the partially whipped cream all over the kitchen ceiling, the cake she had worked several hours on for my birthday that slid off the plate when she was taking it down from the top of the fridge, and the worst was when she was passing her hand over the top of a stove burner before setting some dishes down--she misjudged her distance and put her hand down on the HOT burner--perfect spiral burns over the entire palm and fingers. OUCH!\nMM\nSouthernFriedJulie\n11-30-2008, 09:18 AM\nMy most recent mishap that doesn't include an injury would be a cake I made from a book that a PR agent sent for my diabetes blog. I was pretty thrilled at how lovely it turned out. Peanut Butter cake with Chocolate drizzle, oh yum!\nEveryone was waiting for a bite so as soon as it was drizzled, out went samples. The look on even the 18 month old's face was enough to tell me something was very, very wrong. I took a bite and it taste horribly soapy. I had ran out of baking powder, so I added in a little more baking soda.\nBad idea. Bad, bad. Nasty, yuck, never do again. Nope. Even the dog sniffed it and walked away.\nIf you want injuries, there isn't a week that goes by that I don't try to maim myself. I constantly forget and just reach in to grab something out of the oven without a potholder. Just today I grabbed a diaper instead of the potholder and the outer cover melted onto my hand. Seems little man had sat the diaper up there when I told him to take it to daddy.\nYesterday I took a nail off reaching for the spatula in the spinny-thing my mom gave me to hold the utensils. My husband just waits for me to do something irrepairable.\nI did get through making the entire Thankgiving deal without one incident that /I/ caused. My daughter on the other hand, she knocked the veggie platter out of the fridge.\nDo I get a prize yet? Like one of you donating a pint of A- blood, just in case I need it?\nClair Dickson\n11-30-2008, 09:46 AM\nI was at my brother's last weekend making gravy from scratch and I managed to start melting the plastic spoon. Apparently the high heat required to cook gravy is too high for the spoon I was using.\nMmmm... melted plastic and gravy.\nDragonHeart\n05-17-2009, 10:51 PM\n*resurrects thread*\nStories like these are why I'm afraid of cooking, though oddly enough I was a decent enough cook when I was young. I still remember the afternoon I made an entire baked chicken dinner for my mom before she came home from work. I only had to ask my father (who didn't even bother supervising me) a couple of questions and it did come out very well, if I recall correctly. I was in fourth or fifth grade at the time. I've yet to repeat the success of that day.\nI remember the time my father tried to make my mom a birthday cake (and frosting) from scratch. The cake came out ok, but the frosting....it kind of melted off and puddled into a blue liquidy substance. Yeah.\nI always dreaded the nights when he cooked dinner anyways. Everything was always burnt. To this day I will not eat anything with those nasty \"black crunchies\" on it. (You always knew when he cooked 'cause it wasn't done until the smoke alarm started going off...)\nMy mom's always been an awesome cook but even she has off days. She's exploded her fair share of things in the microwave, but the most memorable one that hasn't yet been mentioned in this thread is a can of cat food. If you think the stuff stinks now, just wait 'til its scorched remains are splattered all over the inside of a microwave. There are no words...\nShe also experiments every now and then with modifying recipes. I still remember that casserole she made...we threw it outside and even the wild animals wouldn't touch it. I don't think she ever attempted that particular recipe again.\nOh and my brother found out the hard way...never ever freeze a two liter bottle of Coke...he left it in the sink to defrost then went to open it...the floors, counters and walls were sticky for weeks afterward.\nAnyone else ever play the \"throw the spaghetti on the ceiling\" game to see how long it would stick? Sometimes it didn't come back down... :D We had dried spaghetti on the living room ceiling for years.\njane cooks\n05-17-2009, 11:46 PM\nI now cook and write about food for a living, but everyone starts somewhere. I was 21 and had just returned from my first trip to the Aspen Food and Wine Festival where I had seen the much loved and dearly missed Barbara Tropp cook a whole red snapper in a wok. She dedicated her life to studying and cooking exquisite Chinese food and ran the China Moon Cafe in San Francisco until she succumbed to cancer about 9 years ago. She was a tiny dynamo of a woman and nothing was too difficult for her. How hard could it be?\nI retuned home determined to recreate her recipe and set out to find the biggest red snapper I could find. It cost a fortune, but I brought it home set to work, snapper scales flying around my tiny apartment kitchen. I pulled out my brand new wok and filled it up with what seemed like an insane amount of oil. The recipe said to make sure the heat on my electric stove was on high. I re-read the recipe and salted the fish one last time before lowering it carefully into the wok. Wet fish. Small, wok. Molten oil. Electric stove. You get the picture.\nI didn't burn down the apartment complex, but I did destroy the stove and the wallpaper above it. We moved shortly after that, but I will say that I was able to save the snapper. In my attempts to put out the fire, I'd thrown flour over everything and when that caught fire, I threw even more. It looked like an air plane had gone down in my kitchen. When the fire was over I sank to the floor, shaking slightly at my near death experience, and downed a large glass of tequilla.\nI could see the tail of the fish hanging our of the wok. I dragged it off the stove and slid it across the slick, floured floor towards me. It looked like a total loss, but I pulled the fish out of the oil onto a half-burnt kitchen towel and scraped off some of the floured, crisped skin. The meat was infused with lemon grass and garlic. The fish wasn't greasy even though it had been sitting in oil for a half-hour. It was perfectly cooked and just about the best thing I'd ever had. So, lesson learned. And isn't that what cooking is all about?\nShail\n05-18-2009, 12:14 AM\nA few short exerpts from my experiences at cooking:\nBoo-boo one: We have a large dog. He likes cake. We baked a cake, put it in one of those nice tupperware cake cover things, and hid it inside the oven. I came home from work, preheated the oven, and started preparing dinner. An awful smell filled the kitchen. Whoops. The cake was still in the oven, and now it was iced with molten plastic. I was mad at myself for a week, but it didn't stop me from making the same mistake one week later when . . .\nBoo-boo two: My baby brother put his stuffed penguin in the oven and pretended to cook him. I came home, preheated the oven; smelled a horrible smell. Burning acrylic fur. Ew. No more penguin. Oops.\nBoo-boo three: I had a mildly humorous injury cooking over an open fire. My family likes to do historical reenactments, and one of the challenges in that is to cook over open fire. We have several pieces of wrought iron cooking equipment, including a copper tube known as a 'blow pipe'. It's used to keep the fire ventilated so it flames instead of smouldering. Ours had a nice leather handle at the top for gripping, and I dropped the pipe, handle first into the fire. Oops. I reached into the fire, grabbed the pipe by the end that was glowing cherry red, and picked it up. Standing there for a second or two, I realized that my hand hurt! The pipe was hot enough that my nerves didn't immediately register the heat. I dropped the pipe, which promptly fell back into the flames handle first, and ran for the nearest basin of cold water. I felt really dumb with second degree burns covering my whole palm, but the injury healed pretty fast, and I learned a valuable lesson. Do not play the hero and reach into an open fire for a piece of white hot metal. I don't care how tough you think you are. Glowing metal is dangerous. :)\nJoeEkaitis\n05-18-2009, 04:37 AM\nCathy and I thought sour cream might add a buttermilky tang to pancakes. We didn't realize the acidity would burn all the leavening power out of the baking powder.\nLive. Learn.\nBardSkye\n05-18-2009, 06:54 AM\nRadishes in a stir-fry dish just don't work. They turn really nasty.\nHubby made a mistake one day when he was trying to bake carrot cake. Mixed up a couple of recipes. To this day I have never tasted a more delicious carrot cake, but we've never been able to recreate it.\nI've cooked the occasional skillet stored in the oven but finally got into the habit of checking the oven before turning it on. I also learned the hard way not to put a dab of butter into a skillet to heat then leave the room to check e-mails. Wasn't too bad. Only took about an hour to clear the smoke out by opening the doors and every available window. Got a little chilly, though, as it was -30C with a strong wind.\nBmwhtly\n05-18-2009, 03:39 PM\nMost recently, I had a cake-related mishap.\nI was baking my world-famous Cappuccino Cake (coffee cake with white chocolate icing).\nThe cake was done, so I started on the icing (or 'frosting' if you prefer). I had the chocolate and the butter in a bowl over a pan of boiling water. It's just melted, so I open the cupboard to get the icing sugar and Thump! a bag of flour falls out, hits the edge of the bowl and dumps a bowlful of melted chocolate and butter onto the worktop.\nI swore solidly for five minutes.\nThen waited till it had solidified, chipped it off and ate it while improvising a coffee icing :P\njane cooks\n05-18-2009, 10:46 PM\nJust preparing dinner for a client but salted the tenderloin with sugar my daughter had put in a bowl on the counter this morning. We only use kosher salt and I keep it in a bowl. Sweet tenderloin? I think not.\nRebekah7\n05-21-2009, 10:35 AM\nI replaced the wheat flour in a recipe for bread flour, and I ended up with the stickiest dough on the face of the planet. It cooked up nice, but it looked like the Pillsbury Doughboy and his family had been murdered on my kitchen counter.\nThat wasn't nearly as bad as when I didn't pay attention to how much water I put in my rice, and ended up with rice slop that took hours to make any sort of edible.\nDragonHeart\n11-14-2010, 11:22 PM\nI have a good one from a few months ago. One of my coworkers blew up the microwave at work. She was a cooking one of those microwavable rice packets for lunch, only she a. accidentally put it in for about 90 minutes and b. went back up front and got sidetracked, as she is wont to do. It wasn't until thick black smoke started spilling into the pharmacy that anyone realized something was amiss. Luckily it hadn't caught on fire yet. The break room was unusable for over a week.\nicerose\n11-15-2010, 12:20 AM\nI was trying to make Boston Cream filling one time. Cooked up my vanilla pudding and it was beautiful. Set it into the fridge to chill. Whipped up my whipped cream until it had fantastic peaks and then very carefully mixed the two together. Can anyone say water pudding? It was completely runny. I was sort of desperate though so I put in some cream of tartar hoping it would thick it up. Ugh. So nasty. No, cream of tarter will NOT thicken up your ruined pudding, but it will successfully make it the nastiest stuff on earth. I would have been better off freezing it up as pudding pops or putting it into an icecream maker. To this day I have never made a successful boston cream filling. I have no idea what I do wrong.\nPowered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.5 Copyright © 2019 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.

2019-04-22T22:49:35Z

"https://absolutewrite.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-121384.html?s=6a0d690cfc4c4de0014313664f6e0c5b"

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P 18 HOLISTIC REMEDIES FOR HEADACHES - Toxic Hungr\nNow Trending:\nARE YOU STRESSED?\nSOFT DRINKS FUELS CANCER...\nFACEBOOK TO CENSOR ANTI-...\nMARDI GRAS DRINK IDEAS\nToxic Hungr\nMenu\nAre You Kidding?\nAspartame\nAwesome\nBig Pharma\nBreaking\nCannabis News\nChildren Diet\nDaily humor\nDID YOU KNOW?\nDisgusting\nDocumentary\nFast Food\nFast Foods\nFitness\nFood Tips\nFood Topic\nFooDebate\ngallery\nGeneral\nGenetically Modified Food\nHolistic\nHuman Body\nLIMITED TIME SPECIAL\nLunch\nMedical\nNews\nOkaaay?\nOrganic\nPediatric Diet\nPic Of The Day\nProcessed Foods\nRecipes\nSummer Tips\nSupplements\nTechnology\nToxins\nUncategorized\nVaccination\nVideo\nVitamin D\nVitamins\nWeight Loss Tips\nWeight RELEASE Tips\nWhoa!\nWhole Foods\nWTF?\nTOP 18 HOLISTIC REMEDIES FOR HEADACHES\nMichael | February 9, 2019 | gallery, Holistic\n18 Remedies to Get Rid of Headaches Naturally\nHeadaches are a common condition that many people deal with on a daily basis.\nRanging from uncomfortable to downright unbearable, they can disrupt your day-to-day life.\nSeveral types of headaches exist, with tension headaches being the most common. Cluster headaches are painful and happen in groups or “clusters,” while migraines are a moderate-to-severe type of headache.\nAlthough many medications are targeted at relieving headache symptoms, a number of effective, natural treatments also exist.\nHere are 18 effective home remedies to naturally get rid of headaches.\n1. Drink Water\nInadequate hydration may lead you to develop a headache.\nIn fact, studies have demonstrated that chronic dehydration is a common cause of tension headaches and migraines (1).\nThankfully, drinking water has been shown to relieve headache symptoms in most dehydrated individuals within 30 minutes to three hours (2).\nWhat’s more, being dehydrated can impair concentration and cause irritability, making your symptoms seem even worse.\nTo help avoid dehydration headaches, focus on drinking enough water throughout the day and eating water-rich foods.\n2. Take Some Magnesium\nMagnesium is an important mineral necessary for countless functions in the body, including blood sugar control and nerve transmission (3).\nInterestingly, magnesium has also been shown to be a safe, effective remedy for headaches.\nEvidence suggests that magnesium deficiency is more common in people who get frequent migraine headaches, compared to those who don’t (4).\nStudies have shown that treatment with 600 mg of oral magnesium citrate per day helped reduce both the frequency and severity of migraine headaches (3, 5).\nHowever, taking magnesium supplements can cause digestive side effects like diarrhea in some people, so it’s best to start with a smaller dose when treating headache symptoms.\n3. Limit Alcohol\nWhile having an alcoholic drink may not cause a headache in most people, studies have shown that alcohol can trigger migraines in about one-third of those who experience frequent headaches.\nAlcohol has also been shown to cause tension and cluster headaches in many people.\nIt’s a vasodilator, meaning it widens blood vessels and allows blood to flow more freely.\nVasodilation may cause headaches in some people. In fact, headaches are a common side effect of vasodilators like blood pressure medications (9).\nAdditionally, alcohol acts as a diuretic, causing the body to lose fluid and electrolytes through frequent urination. This fluid loss can lead to dehydration, which can cause or worsen headaches (10).\n4. Get Adequate Sleep\nSleep deprivation can be detrimental to your health in many ways, and may even cause headaches in some people.\nFor example, one study compared headache frequency and severity in those who got less than six hours of sleep per night and those who slept longer. It found that those who got less sleep had more frequent and severe headaches.\nHowever, getting too much sleep has also been shown to trigger headaches, making getting the right amount of rest important for those looking for natural headache prevention.\nFor maximum benefits, aim for the “sweet spot” of seven to nine hours of sleep per night (13\n5. Avoid Foods High in Histamine\nHistamine is a chemical found naturally in the body that plays a role in the immune, digestive and nervous systems.\nIt’s also found in certain foods like aged cheeses, fermented food, beer, wine, smoked fish and cured meats.\nStudies suggest consuming histamine may cause migraines in those who are sensitive to it.\nSome people are not able to excrete histamine properly because they have impaired function of the enzymes responsible for breaking it down.\nCutting histamine-rich foods from the diet may be a useful strategy for people who get frequent headaches (16).\n6. Use Essential Oils\nEssential oils are highly concentrated liquids that contain aromatic compounds from a variety of plants.\nThey have many therapeutic benefits and are most often used topically, though some can be ingested.\nPeppermint and lavender essential oils are especially helpful when you have a headache.\nApplying peppermint essential oil to the temples has been shown to reduce the symptoms of tension headaches.\nMeanwhile, lavender oil is highly effective at reducing migraine pain and associated symptoms when applied to the upper lip and inhaled.\n7. Try a B-Complex Vitamin\nB vitamins are a group of water-soluble micronutrients that play many important roles in the body. For example, they contribute to neurotransmitter synthesis and help turn food into energy.\nSome B vitamins may have a protective effect against headaches.\nSeveral studies have shown that the B vitamin supplements riboflavin (B2), folate, B12 and pyridoxine (B6) may reduce headache symptoms.\nB-complex vitamins contain all eight of the B vitamins and are a safe, cost-effective way to naturally treat headache symptoms.\nB vitamins are considered safe to take on a regular basis, as they are water soluble and any excess will be flushed out through the urine (23).\n8. Soothe Pain with a Cold Compress\nUsing a cold compress may help reduce your headache symptoms.\nApplying cold or frozen compresses to the neck or head area decreases inflammation, slows nerve conduction and constricts blood vessels, all of which help reduce headache pain.\nIn one study in 28 women, applying a cold gel pack to the head significantly reduced migraine pain.\nTo make a cold compress, fill a waterproof bag with ice and wrap it in a soft towel. Apply the compress to the back of the neck, head or temples for headache relief.\n9. Consider Taking Coenzyme Q10\nCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a substance produced naturally by the body that helps turn food into energy and functions as a powerful antioxidant.\nStudies have shown that taking CoQ10 supplements may be an effective and natural way to treat headaches.\nFor example, one study in 80 people demonstrated that taking 100 mg of CoQ10 supplements per day reduced migraine frequency, severity and length.\nAnother study including 42 people who experienced frequent migraines found that three 100-mg doses of CoQ10 throughout the day helped decrease migraine frequency and migraine-related symptoms like nausea.\n10. Try an Elimination Diet\nStudies suggest that food intolerances can trigger headaches in some people.\nTo discover if a certain food is causing frequent headaches, try an elimination diet that removes the foods most related to your headache symptoms.\nAged cheese, alcohol, chocolate, citrus fruits and coffee are among the most commonly reported food triggers in people with migraines.\nIn one small study, a 12-week elimination diet decreased the number of migraine headaches people experienced. These effects started at the four-week mark.\nRead more here about how to follow an elimination diet properly.\n11. Drink Caffeinated Tea or Coffee\nSipping on beverages that contain caffeine, such as tea or coffee, may provide relief when you are experiencing a headache.\nCaffeine improves mood, increases alertness and constricts blood vessels, all of which can have a positive effect on headache symptoms.\nIt also helps increase the effectiveness of common medications used to treat headaches, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen.\nHowever, caffeine withdrawal has also been shown to cause headaches if a person regularly consumes large amounts of caffeine and suddenly stops.\nTherefore, people who get frequent headaches should be mindful of their caffeine intake.\n12. Try Acupuncture\nAcupuncture is a technique of Traditional Chinese medicine that involves inserting thin needles into the skin to stimulate specific points on the body.\nThis practice has been linked to a reduction in headache symptoms in many studies.\nA review of 22 studies including more than 4,400 people found that acupuncture was as effective as common migraine medications.\nAnother study found that acupuncture was more effective and safer than topiramate, an anticonvulsant drug used to treat chronic migraines.\nIf you’re looking for a natural way to treat chronic headaches, acupuncture may be a worthwhile choice.\n13. Relax with Yoga\nPracticing yoga is an excellent way to relieve stress, increase flexibility, decrease pain and improve your overall quality of life.\nTaking up yoga may even help reduce the intensity and frequency of your headaches.\nOne study investigated the effects of yoga therapy on 60 people with chronic migraines. Headache frequency and intensity were reduced more in those receiving both yoga therapy and conventional care, compared to those receiving conventional care alone.\nAnother study found that people who practiced yoga for three months had a significant reduction in headache frequency, severity and associated symptoms, compared to those who did not practice yoga (39).\n14. Avoid Strong Smells\nStrong odors like those from perfumes and cleaning products can cause certain individuals to develop headaches.\nA study that involved 400 people who experienced either migraine or tension headaches found that strong odors, especially perfumes, often triggered headaches.\nThis hypersensitivity to odors is called osmophobia and common in those with chronic migraines.\nIf you think you may be sensitive to smells, avoiding perfumes, cigarette smoke and strongly scented foods may help decrease your chance of getting a migraine.\n15. Try an Herbal Remedy\nCertain herbs including feverfew and butterbur may reduce headache symptoms.\nFeverfew is a flowering plant that has anti-inflammatory properties.\nSome studies suggest that taking feverfew supplements in doses of 50–150 mg per day may reduce headache frequency. However, other studies have failed to find a benefit.\nButterbur root comes from a perennial shrub native to Germany and, like feverfew, has anti-inflammatory effects.\nSeveral studies have shown that taking butterbur extract in doses of 50–150 mg reduces headache symptoms in both adults and children.\nFeverfew is generally considered safe if taken in recommended amounts. However, butterbur should be treated with caution, as unpurified forms can cause liver damage, and the effects of its long-term use are unknown.\n16. Avoid Nitrates and Nitrites\nNitrates and nitrites are common food preservatives added to items like hot dogs, sausages and bacon to keep them fresh by preventing bacterial growth.\nFoods containing them have been shown to trigger headaches in some people.\nNitrites may trigger headaches by causing the expansion of blood vessels.\nIn order to minimize your exposure to nitrites, limit the amount of processed meats in your diet and choose nitrate-free products whenever possible.\n17. Sip Some Ginger Tea\nGinger root contains many beneficial compounds, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory substances.\nOne study in 100 people with chronic migraines found that 250 mg of ginger powder was as effective as the conventional headache medication sumatriptan at reducing migraine pain.\nWhat’s more, ginger helps reduce nausea and vomiting, common symptoms associated with severe headaches.\nYou can take ginger powder in capsule form or make a powerful tea with fresh ginger root.\n18. Get Some Exercise\nOne of the simplest ways to reduce headache frequency and severity is to engage in physical activity.\nFor example, one study in 91 people found 40 minutes of indoor cycling three times per week was more effective than relaxation techniques at reducing headache frequency.\nAnother large study including more than 92,000 people showed that a low level of physical activity was clearly associated with an increased risk of headaches.\nThere are many ways to increase your activity level, but one of the easiest methods is to simply increase the amount of steps you take throughout the day.\nThe Bottom Line\nMany people are negatively impacted by frequent headaches, making it important to find natural and effective treatment options.\nYoga, supplements, essential oils and dietary modifications are all natural, safe and effective ways to reduce headache symptoms.\nWhile traditional methods like medications are often necessary, there are many natural and effective ways to prevent and treat headaches if you’re looking for a more holistic approach.\nArticle source: healthline.com\nSharing is Caring\nClick to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)\nClick to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)\nClick to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)\nClick to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)\nClick to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)\nRelated\nRelated Posts\nMARDI GRAS DRINK IDEAS\nNo Comments | Feb 13, 2019\nGALLERY: Fattest To Thinnest\nNo Comments | May 9, 2016\nGALLERY: 8 Foods That Naturally Remedy A Bug Bite\nNo Comments | Jun 15, 2016\nRESTAURANT FAILS\nNo Comments | Sep 30, 2017\nShare your thoughts below...\tCancel reply\nSearch\nArchives\nMarch 2019\nFebruary 2019\nJanuary 2019\nNovember 2018\nSeptember 2018\nJune 2018\nMay 2018\nApril 2018\nMarch 2018\nJanuary 2018\nNovember 2017\nOctober 2017\nSeptember 2017\nAugust 2017\nJuly 2017\nJune 2017\nMarch 2017\nFebruary 2017\nJanuary 2017\nSeptember 2016\nAugust 2016\nJuly 2016\nJune 2016\nMay 2016\nApril 2016\nMarch 2016\nFebruary 2016\nJanuary 2016\nDecember 2015\nNovember 2015\nOctober 2015\nSeptember 2015\nAugust 2015\nMeta\nLog in\n© 2019 Toxic Hungr.\nTheme by MyThemeShop.\nAbout Us\nContact Us\nCuration Policy\nDMCA Policy\nPrivacy Policy\nTerms Of Use

2019-04-20T22:23:22Z

"http://toxichungr.com/top-18-holistic-remedies-for-headaches/"

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why does the salt and ice challenge burn\nXautoman manuals and instructions for everything\nHome\nRss\nSitemap\nClose\nManuals and instructions for everything\nwhy does the salt and ice challenge burn\nWritten by Sybil Millar, Communications Advisor for the Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Critical Care and Infectious Diseases programs at Sunnybrook. If you've been on Youtube in the past few years, chances are you've seen videos of people participating in various \"challenges\", like the cinnamon challenge, the banana Sprite challenge, the fire challenge and the mannequin challenge. You can add another one to the list: the salt and ice challenge, which involves putting salt and water on your skin (usually the arm or hand), and then seeing how long you can hold a piece of ice against it. Many people, particularly teens, have been recording themselves taking the challenge and then posting it on social media. Often, the people in the videos look to be in a fair amount of pain, showing off painful-looking red welts on their skin afterward. So, what's the problem with this challenge? Is it harmless, or is it actually dangerous? \"All the winner gets is a serious burn and a trip to the hospital,\" says Dr. Marc Jeschke, director of the\nat Sunnybrook. The salt and ice challenge causes injuries much more quickly, damaging the skin and nerve endings in the process. You read that right -- a burn. The mixture of salt, water, ice and body heat creates a unique chemical reaction that actually drops the temperature of the ice down to -28`C (-18`F).\nHolding something that cold directly against your skin will result in a full-thickness burn after only two to three minutes. \"A full-thickness burn means that the skin is totally destroyed. The skin becomes leathery and hard, and if the burn covers a large enough area, surgery and a skin graft may need to be performed,\" says Dr. Jeschke. So, why are people getting burn-type injuries from the salt and ice challenge, rather than typical frostbite? A key difference is the salt, which acts as an accelerant. \"In general, frostbite takes some time to develop, as the blood slowly crystalizes and causes damage,\" says Dr. Jeschke. The salt and ice challenge causes injuries much more quickly, damaging the skin and nerve endings in the process. You may be wondering how salt can cause ice to get colder, when we often use salt to quickly melt ice on our driveways and sidewalks. The answer lies in the unique chemical mix that ice, water, salt and body heat create. If you remove one of the ingredients from the equation, the chemical reaction will not happen. There is no source of heat present when you put salt on your icy driveway, meaning a different type of chemical reaction occurs, causing the temperature of the ice to rise rather than dramatically plunge (like it does in the salt and ice challenge).\nMuch like other challenges that have come before it, taking part in the salt and ice challenge is not a good idea. \"When you hold something cold against your skin and you feel pain, it's your body's way of trying to protect itself,\" Dr. Jeschke says. \"If you overcome the original feeling of pain, that's not because you're tougher or stronger, it's because the nerve endings have been destroyed. Sometimes, that nerve destruction can be permanent, along with scarring on the skin. \" Read more injury prevention tips and information from Sunnybrook experts at Follow HuffPost Canada Blogs on Facebook Also on HuffPost: Children in the United Kingdom are unintentionally giving themselves second-degree burns by rubbing salt and ice on their skin. The dangerous Бsalt and ice challengeБ is the latest internet craze that has many parents concerned, as some children who participate are being admitted to the hospital,. More on this. Kylie Jenner challenge leaving teens lips bruised, swollen Dr. Manny Keep the CharlieCharlieChallenge and other social media crazes out of your homes For the challenge, kids are competing to see who can withstand pain the longest.\nSalt can drop the temperature of ice to as low as 1. 4 degrees Fahrenheit, which is similar to frostbite, Pop Sugar reported. As evidence of their participation, kids are posting images of their blistered skin online. It is important for schools keep a close eye on all emerging trends and we welcome the warning to parents [sic], a spokesperson for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in the U. K. told. The rise of social media has contributed to increasing peer pressure among children. This 'craze' [salt and ice challenge] is another clear example of the risks. On YouTube, videos linked to the challenge were posted as early as 2012. One has amassed more than 6. 5 million views. Effects from the competition often donБt become noticeable until after numbness and redness from the ice has subsided, so many kids arenБt getting the medical attention they need until the damage has been done, Huffington Post UK reported. One mother, who asked to remain anonymous, told that her son was admitted to the hospital with nerve damage.\nViews: 22\nwhy does my paypal payment say pending\nwhy does bananas and sprite make you throw up\nwhy does banana and sprite make you vomit\nwhy does banana and sprite make you puke\nwhy do we face challenges in life\nwhy do we face challenges in life\nwhy does salt and ice burn your skin\nInstructions\nManual\nTop manuals\nwhy do trees leaves change color in the fall\nwhy do people dress up on halloween\nwhy do we celebrate christmas in hindi language\nwhy was the land ordinance of 1785 important\nwhy do we need to use alternative energy sources\nyou cannot not communicate expresses which principle of communication\nwhy do people disagree with the death penalty\nwhy do pine trees stay green all year\nwhy do people go to the rocky mountains\nyou ask how much i love you lyrics\nwhy do we repeat experiments in science\nwhy do they wear masks at mardi gras\nwhy do we need to be vaccinated\nwhy do we need to save the pandas\nwhy do we say bless you after someone sneezes\nwhy do u want to work here best answer\nwhy do volleyball players tape their fingers\nwhy do plants need nitrogen and magnesium\nwhy do people sell books for a penny on amazon\nwhy do we need to study personality\nMobile version\nUp\nXautoman manuals

2019-04-24T19:53:34Z

"http://xautoman.com/1793-whydoesthesaltandicechallengeburn.html"

xautoman.com

Scar Removal Using Vitamin E Oil & Lemon Juice | LEAFtv\nLEAFtv\nFeel Good\nFitness\nLife Hacks\nMindfulness\nWellness\nEat Well\nBreakfast\nCocktails\nCooking Skills\nDessert\nDinner\nHealthy Drinks\nLunch\nNutrition\nSmall Bites\nDress Up\nDIY Beauty\nFashion\nHome + Design\nTutorials\nFeel Good\nFitness\nLife Hacks\nMindfulness\nWellness\nEat Well\nBreakfast\nCocktails\nCooking Skills\nDessert\nDinner\nHealthy Drinks\nLunch\nNutrition\nSmall Bites\nDress Up\nDIY Beauty\nFashion\nHome + Design\nTutorials\nx\nHome\nDress Up\nDIY Beauty\nScar Removal Using Vitamin E Oil & Lemon Juice\nBy Emily Rogers\nSkin care. Beauty. image by Monika 3 Steps Ahead from Fotolia.com\nStudies have shown that many individuals have found success using both lemon juice and vitamin E oil for removing scars. Many people can’t afford the high-priced facials and surgeries used to fade or remove scars. Finding inexpensive ways to treat scars can be a great solution. Both lemon juice and vitamin E oil are natural substances that are easy to obtain.\nLemon Juice\nFresh lemon juice contains both vitamin C and natural alpha hydroxy acids. Together these substances can provide natural healing power for scars. The citrus acid found in lemons helps remove dead skin cells, while promoting new cell growth. Lemons are also used as a natural skin whitener and this can help eliminate the appearance of scars.\nApplying Lemon Juice\nYou can dab lemon juice over scars at night, using a Q-tip or cotton ball. If using on acne scars, be very careful to stay clear of the eyes, as this will obviously irritate them. You can use lemon juice under the makeup, as well. Apply lemon juice by itself, or mixed with other substances, such as sugar or honey, to help exfoliate and tighten skin.\nVitamin E Oil\nVitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant. It comes in various forms and each form has a different level of potency. Vitamin E has been known to benefit the body in many ways--it is an antioxidant which protects cells against damage. According to many reviews, just a little bit of the vitamin E oil can help fade scars. There is controversy regarding whether vitamin E oil can help fade scars--however many have suggested that it really does work.\nApplying Vitamin E Oil\nVitamin E oil comes in bottles and capsules. Purchase it at any drug store. If using the substance on the face, apply the oil at night, so you don't have to walk around with oily skin. Just a little bit of vitamin E goes a long way and it’s not necessary to overuse it.\nLemon Juice with Vitamin E Oil\nLemon juice is one of the most versatile skin treatments available. Not only is it good for helping to heal different types of scars, it can be especially helpful for fading stretch marks, acne scars and even freckles. As for vitamin E, it is commonly used for stretch marks, and it may help with scars. Some doctors have suggested the immediate use of vitamin E oil after surgery, as it may help re-circulate the skin cells, helping promote fast healing. Combining both substances, using one in the morning and one at night, may speed up the process. Overall, as with any scar, the sooner you start treating it, the more effective the healing process will be.\nReferences\nFade Acne Scars: How to Fade Acne Scars\nVitamins & Nutrition Center: Vitamin E Information\nYour-best-acne-treatment: Home Remedy for Acne Scar Tissue\nAbout the Author\nEmily Rogers began writing professionally in 2005. She has written several featured articles for \"Runway Magazine,\" as well as over 300 articles for various online magazines. Rogers attended Estrella Mountain College.\nYOU MAY ALSO LIKE\nRead\nDoes Mederma Work on Acne Scars?\nRead\nEasy Ways to Get Rid of Scars Fast\nRead\nHow to Use Vitamin E to Reduce Scars\nRead\nHow to Rub Fish Oil on Scars\nRead\nHow to Make Lemon Oil at Home\nRead\nHow to Effectively Remove Scars From the Legs\nAbout\nAbout Us\nTerms\nPrivacy Policy\nCopyright Policy\nCommunity\n© 2019 Leaf Group Ltd. / Well+Good

2019-04-26T08:56:46Z

"https://www.leaf.tv/articles/scar-removal-using-vitamin-e-oil-lemon-juice/"

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Anemia in pregnancy | GLOWM\nISSN: 1756-2228\nHome\nEditors\nAuthors\nAmbassadors\nContact\nNews\nCan you help us?\nSearch\nMenu\nHome\nEditors\nAuthors\nAmbassadors\nContact\nNews\nCan you help us?\nSearch\nMake a comment\nAnemia in pregnancy\nVikram Sinai Talaulikar MD, MRCOG\nUniversity College Hospital, London UK\nAnemia in pregnancy is defined as a hemoglobin concentration of less than 110 g/L (less than 11 g/dL) in venous blood. It affects more than 56 million women globally, two-thirds of them being from Asia. Although more prevalent in less-resourced countries, women from developed countries are also affected. Women from both rural and urban areas are vulnerable. The global prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is estimated to be approximately 41.8%, varying from a low of 5.7% in the USA to a high of 75% in The Gambia. A large number of women from less-resourced countries embark upon pregnancy with frank iron deficiency anemia and/or depleted iron stores. Anemia is the major contributory or sole cause in 20–40% of maternal deaths.\nEffects of anemia on mother\nWomen with mild or moderate anemia often tend to be asymptomatic and anemia is detected on screening alone. As anemia advances, the symptoms of fatigue, irritability, generalized weakness, shortness of breath, frequent sore throats, headache (frontal), brittle nails, pica (unusual craving), decreased appetite and dysphagia (owing to postcricoid oesophageal web) may occur. Clinical signs of anemia include pallor, blue sclera, pale conjunctiva, skin and nail changes, leg edema, gum and tongue changes (glossitis and stomatitis), tachycardia and functional heart murmur .\nEffects of anemia in pregnancy\nAnemia increases perinatal risks for mothers and neonates; and increases overall infant mortality. The odds for fetal growth restriction and low birth weight are tripled. The odds for preterm delivery are more than doubled. Even a moderate hemorrhage in an anemic pregnant woman can be fatal.\nEffects of anemia on fetus and neonate\nA basic principle of fetal/neonatal iron biology is that iron is prioritized to red blood cells at the expense of other tissues, including brain. When iron supply does not meet iron demand, the fetal brain may be at risk even if the infant is not anemic. Although dietary deficiency may be contributory, the etiology of the vast majority of cases of iron deficiency anemia in infancy and childhood is maternal iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. Anemia adversely affects cognitive performance, behavior and physical growth of infants, preschool and school-aged children. Anemia depresses the immune status and increases the morbidity from infections in all age groups. It adversely impacts the use of energy sources by muscles and thus the physical capacity and work performance of adolescents and adults.\nDiagnosis of anemia in pregnancy\nThis may be suggested by the symptoms and clinical signs. A hemoglobin (Hb) 11 g/dL or hematocrit of <33% can be considered for diagnosis of anemia in pregnancy. Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and low ferritin levels. Peripheral smear shows hypochromic microcytic red cells. Severe anemia in pregnancy (Hb <7 g/dL) requires urgent medical treatment and Hb <4 g/dL is an emergency carrying a risk of congestive cardiac failure, sepsis and death.\nCauses of anemia in pregnancy\nPhysiological adaptation in pregnancy leads to physiological anemia of pregnancy. This is because the plasma volume expansion is greater than red blood cell (RBC) mass increase which causes hemodilution. Normal pregnancy increases iron requirement by 2–3 fold and folate requirement by 10–20 fold. Major causes of anemia are:\nNutritional – iron, folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies\nAcute or chronic blood loss (gastrointestinal bleeding/heavy periods)\nInfections – malaria, HIV\nChronic diseases – renal, neoplasia\nParasites\nHemolytic anemias – drugs, congenital\nHemoglobinopathies – sickle cell, thalassemia\nNutritional iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the commonest (90%) cause of anemia in pregnancy. IDA is associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long-term adverse effects in the newborn. A 55-kg pregnant woman is estimated to need approximately an additional 1000 mg of iron over the whole pregnancy. It has been estimated that the daily iron requirements of a 55-kg pregnant woman increases from approximately 0.8 mg in the first trimester to 4–5 mg during the second trimester and >6 mg in the third trimester. Pregnant women need iron to cover their basic losses, increased RBC mass and demand from fetoplacental unit. This requirement is not met by food alone in developing countries and oral iron supplementation is justified.\nPrevention of anemia in pregnancy\nPre-pregnancy counseling, dietary advice and therapy is very important for ensuring best pregnancy outcomes. It is recommended that full blood count should be checked at the booking visit in pregnancy and repeated at 28 weeks to screen for anemia. In high risk mothers and multiple pregnancies, an additional hemoglobin check should be performed near term. Dietary advice should be given to all mothers to improve intake and absorption of iron from food.\nRich sources of iron include heme iron (in meat, poultry, fish and egg yolk), dry fruits, dark green leafy vegetables (spinach, beans, legumes, lentils) and iron fortified cereals. Using cast iron utensils for cooking and taking iron with vitamin C (orange juice) can improve its intake and absorption. Certain foods which may inhibit iron absorption should not be taken with iron rich foods. These include polyphenols (in certain vegetables, coffee), tannins (in tea), phytates (in bran) and calcium (in dairy products). Weekly iron (60 mg) and folic acid (2.8 mg) should be given to all menstruating women including adolescents, periodically, in communities where IDA is considered a problem.\nIncreased intake of iron, treatment of underlying conditions like deworming (anti-helminthic therapy) are important preventive measures. Pregnant women need iron to cover their basic losses, increased RBC mass and demand from fetoplacental unit. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies in pregnancy are rare and may be a result of inadequate dietary intake with the latter being more common. These vitamins play an important role in embryogenesis and hence any relative deficiencies may result in congenital abnormalities. Finding the underlying cause is crucial to the management of these deficiencies. From a neonatal perspective, delayed clamping of the umbilical cord at delivery (by 1–2 min) is important step in prevention of neonatal anemia.\nTreatment of anemia\nCorrection of iron deficiency in pregnancy involves appropriate diet and oral iron supplementation. Daily oral iron (60 mg) and folic acid (4 mg) should be commenced as soon as possible together with behavior changing communications when a woman becomes pregnant, and continued up to 6 months' postpartum. The dose of iron could be reduced to 30 mg in women who have no IDA. The aim is to achieve a hemoglobin of at least 10 g/dL at term. The choice of iron preparation is based on patient tolerance to a large extent. It is recommended to take iron with orange juice to enhance its absorption. Oral ferrous salts are the treatment of choice (ferric salts are less well absorbed). Ferrous sulphate 200 mg 2–3 times daily (each tablet provides 60 mg elemental iron) is the most common preparation used. Alternative preparations include ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate. In the first week following initiation of iron therapy, there is often no rise in hemoglobin level but reticulocytosis is observed. Hemoglobin level usually starts rising in the second week and the expected improvement in hemoglobin is approximately 1 g/dL per week. Common adverse effects of iron therapy include nausea, constipation and occasionally diarrhea (reduced by taking tablets after meals).\nParenteral iron is required for those not tolerating oral iron or who need rapid correction of anemia (severe anemia in last month of pregnancy) and where oral therapy has failed. Parenteral iron can be administered intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV). The main drawbacks of IM route are pain, staining of skin, myalgia, arthralgia and injection abscess. Intravenous iron can be administered as total dose infusion; however, utmost caution is needed as anaphylaxis can occur. Iron dextran and iron polymaltose preparations can be used by both IM and IV routes. Two newer IV preparations – iron sucrose and ferric gluconate are associated with reduced side-effects. Each iron sucrose ampoule contains iron sucrose equivalent to 50 mg elemental iron. Iron sucrose may be administered undiluted by slow intravenous injection at a rate of 1 mL (20 mg iron) solution per minute not exceeding 100 mg iron per injection. It may also be administered by IV infusion. Infusion must be administered as every 2.5 mL iron sucrose diluted exclusively in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl (saline), immediately prior to infusion. The solution must be infused at a rate of 100 mg/15 minutes. Unused diluted solution must be discarded.\nBlood transfusion should be considered when a patient has decompensated owing to a drop in hemoglobin concentration and needs a more rapid rise in hemoglobin. Packed red cell transfusion may be indicated for pregnant women with severe anemia (Hb of 6 g/dL or less) close to due date or less than 8 g/dL if they have increased risk of blood loss at delivery.\nFolate deficiency is seen in 5% cases of anemia in pregnancy. It is associated with hemolytic anemias, hemoglobinopathies, antiepileptics and poor nutrition. A dose of 5 mg oral folic acid daily is recommended for correction of anemia. In cases of vitamin B12 deficiency, 250 µg cynacobalamin administered parenterally every week is recommended for anemia treatment. In cases of severe anemia near term – daily vitamin B12 in a dose of 100 µg should be administered for a week.\nManagement during labor\nCross-matched blood should be available if needed in case of significant hemorrhage at the time of delivery. Strict asepsis is very important. In case of severe anemia with congestive cardiac failure, active management of third stage (with methyl ergometrine) is contraindicated.\nPostpartum management\nClose monitoring should be performed for signs of decompensation, infection or thrombosis. Appropriate thromboprophylaxis and contraceptive advice should be provided and hematinic supplementation should continue.\nRecent advances in treatment of anemia\nErythropoetin is the new agent used in treatment of anemia in following situations:\nErythropoietin deficient anemia\nSevere or progressing iron-deficiency anemia\nJehovah’s Witnesses or other refusal of blood transfusion\nPlacenta previa (or placenta accreta)\nPreoperative and postoperative patients\nAutologous blood donation\nHemoglobinopathies.\nErythropoietin is gaining popularity as a therapeutic option during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Further research is needed to establish a standard dosage and dosing interval.\nFurther reading\nWorld Health Organisation. Stoltzfus R, Dreyfuss M. Guidelines for the Use of Iron Supplements to Prevent and Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia. International International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG). www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/guidelines_for_Iron_supplementation.pdf\nGoonewardene M, Shehata M, Hamad A. Anaemia in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2012;26:3–24.\nKumar N, Divakar H, Manyonda I. P101 Stemming the rising tide of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: is intravenous iron sucrose a viable alternative to the failed iron-folate supplementation program in India? Int J Gynecol Obstet 01/2009; 107.\nFounders and Publisher: Paula and David Bloomer\nIn memory of Abigail\nEditor-in-Chief: Peter von Dadelszen, FRANZCOG, FRCSC, FRCOG,\nProfessor of Global Women’s Medicine, Kings College, London\nSupported by a distinguished International Editorial Board\nHome\nPolicies\nContact\nTweet\nThe objectives of this site – view here\nWe use cookies to ensure you get the best experience from our website.\nBy using the website or clicking OK we will assume you are happy to receive all cookies from us.\nMore info on cookies\nOK

2019-04-22T05:20:15Z

"http://www.glowm.com/Critical_current_issue/page/25"

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eatment - Scar\nHome\nTreatment\nSkin Care\nResources\nTips & Ideas\nAbout Us\nTreatment\nHome Remedies for Scars\nBurns and injuries are just some of the things that may cause scars. Treating a wound may not keep a scar from appearing. But it helps restoring healthy skin on the affected part.\nGive it time to heal\nLet the wound heal in its own time after first aid, or appropriate medical treatment if needed, has been made. Do not rush the natural hearing process by applying unnecessary treatments like creams. Avoid picking on the wound, especially when it begins to itch as it heals. Keep it clean and cover with breathable bandage.\nAloe Vera\nAloe vera is a natural moisturizer. The gel-like substance extracted from aloe leaves has a soothing effect on the skin and may even help in healing wounds. It can help in reducing the size and improve the appearance of scars.\nCocoa Butter\nThe use of cocoa butter can help in reducing the appearance of a scar. It is a great emollient and penetrates deep into the skin keeping it smooth and soft. It helps in keeping the scarred part of the skin and the area surrounding it moisturized, soft, and supple which can improve the scar’s appearance.\nLemon\nLemon extract can be used as a cleanser. It may also help in lightening the appearance of the scar.\nVitamin E\nWhether it is in your diet or applied directly on the affected part, Vitamin E is good for your skin. To keep your skin healthy, maintain a nutritious diet with the recommended daily intake of Vitamin E you can get from foods like almonds, avocados, olive oil, and certain types of nuts among others.\nTags\nhealing music\nCategories\nCategories Select Category invisible scars scars and perceptions of beauty skincare Uncategorized\nApril 2019\nM\nT\nW\nT\nF\nS\nS\n« Nov\n1 2 3 4 5 6 7\n8 9 10 11 12 13 14\n15 16 17 18 19 20 21\n22 23 24 25 26 27 28\n29 30\nPages\nAbout\nResources\nSkin Care\nTips & Ideas\nTreatment\nTheme by Out the Box

2019-04-20T16:22:20Z

"http://www.scar2016.com/treatment/"

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Cabot Vitamin E - Cooperlabs CABOT® Skin Fitness\nSkip to content\nCooperlabs CABOT® Skin Fitness\nFor The Look and Life of Your Skin.\nOrder Online\nCall 800 645-5048\nView Cart: $0.000\nNo products in the cart.\nSubtotal: $0.00\nView Cart Checkout\nCheckout\nHome\nAbout Us\nScience of Skin Care\nAmazon Reviews\nProduct List\nCeramide Complex 25 Renewal Cream\nCABOT\nOAT PROTEIN\nCABOT\nVITAMIN E\nCABOT P.O.L.\nPhospholipids\nSEBAN\nFacial Oil Control\nThe Original Musk Oils\nContact Us\nHome\nAbout Us\nScience of Skin Care\nAmazon Reviews\nProduct List\nCeramide Complex 25 Renewal Cream\nCABOT\nOAT PROTEIN\nCABOT\nVITAMIN E\nCABOT P.O.L.\nPhospholipids\nSEBAN\nFacial Oil Control\nThe Original Musk Oils\nContact Us\nCABOT CERAMIDE COMPLEX 25 CABOT OAT PROTEIN CABOT VITAMIN E CABOT P.O.L. PHOSPHOLIPIDS SEBAN MUSK OIL\n- a new look and life for your skin\nVitamin E\nANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS®\nTreat and Protect\nThin Dry\nIrritated Skin\nProtective Moisturizers\nand Antioxidants\nNeutralize Free Radicals!\nFight Environmental Damage!\nReduce the Visible Signs of Aging!\nIntensive Moisturizers\nCABOT\nnatural healing and prevention\nCABOT SKIN FITNESS for ACTIVE ADULTS\nCABOT\nVitamin E\nCABOT Vitamin E Anti-Oxidant + Plus intensive moisturizers treat and protect dry, irritated, and aging skin. Potent anti-oxidant vitamins A and E protect the skin against free radicals and the environmental damage resulting from the sun, wind and pollution.\nCABOT 25% VITAMIN E\nIntensive Moisture Creme\n$22.50\nCABOT 25% VITAMIN E\nIntensive Moisture Creme\n$22.50\n25% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® neutralizes free radicals and protects against environmental damage as it rejuvenates and revitalizes the skin.\nQuantity\nAdd to cart\nQuick View\nAdd to cart\n25% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® neutralizes free radicals and protects against environmental damage as it rejuvenates and revitalizes the skin.\nCABOT 25% Vitamin E\nIntensive Moisture Creme\nCabot 5% Vitamin E\nProtective Eye Cream\nSave $8.75\n$25.00\nCABOT 25% Vitamin E\nIntensive Moisture Creme\nCabot 5% Vitamin E\nProtective Eye Cream\nSave $8.75\n$25.00\nCabot Intensive Moisture Creme\n25% Vitamin E Anti-Oxidant Plus + neutralizes free radicals and protects against environmental damage as it rejuvenates and revitalizes the skin.\nCabot Protective Eye Cream\n5% Vitamin E Anti-Oxidant Plus + lightweight gel-cream visibly firms and reduces the appearance of puffiness.\nQuantity\nAdd to cart\nQuick View\nAdd to cart\nCabot Intensive Moisture Creme\n25% Vitamin E Anti-Oxidant Plus + neutralizes free radicals and protects against environmental damage as it rejuvenates and revitalizes the skin.\nCabot Protective Eye Cream\n5% Vitamin E Anti-Oxidant Plus + lightweight gel-cream visibly firms and reduces the appearance of puffiness.\nCABOT 25% VITAMIN E\nIntensive Moisture Creme\nBuy 3 Save $22.50\n+ Free Shipping\n$45.00\nCABOT 25% VITAMIN E\nIntensive Moisture Creme\nBuy 3 Save $22.50\n+ Free Shipping\n$45.00\n25% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® neutralizes free radicals and protects against environmental damage as it rejuvenates and revitalizes the skin.\nQuantity\nAdd to cart\nQuick View\nAdd to cart\n25% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® neutralizes free radicals and protects against environmental damage as it rejuvenates and revitalizes the skin.\nCABOT 5% VITAMIN E\nProtective Eye Cream\n$15.00\nCABOT 5% VITAMIN E\nProtective Eye Cream\n$15.00\n5% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® lightweight gel-cream visibly firms and reduces the appearance of puffiness.\nQuantity\nAdd to cart\nQuick View\nAdd to cart\n5% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® lightweight gel-cream visibly firms and reduces the appearance of puffiness.\nCABOT 5% VITAMIN E\nProtective Eye Cream\nBuy 3 Save $15.00\n$30.00\nCABOT 5% VITAMIN E\nProtective Eye Cream\nBuy 3 Save $15.00\n$30.00\n5% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® lightweight gel-cream visibly firms and reduces the appearance of puffiness.\nQuantity\nAdd to cart\nQuick View\nAdd to cart\n5% Vitamin E ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® lightweight gel-cream visibly firms and reduces the appearance of puffiness.\nCABOT VITAMIN E 100% Pure\nVitamin E Skin Oil\n$10.00\nCABOT VITAMIN E 100% Pure\nVitamin E Skin Oil\n$10.00\n100% Pure Vitamin E Skin Oil – ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® Helps minimize scars, smoothes fine lines and wrinkles, soothes minor burns and other skin irritations. Good to keep on hand for skin emergencies.\nQuantity\nAdd to cart\nQuick View\nAdd to cart\n100% Pure Vitamin E Skin Oil – ANTI-OXIDANT + PLUS® Helps minimize scars, smoothes fine lines and wrinkles, soothes minor burns and other skin irritations. Good to keep on hand for skin emergencies.\n© Copyright 2019 Cooperlabs Limited\nTerms & Conditions | Privacy Policy\nQuality Guarantee — 100% Satisfaction — Risk Free\nHome\nView Cart\nPrivacy Policy\nContact Us\nFooter-Menu

2019-04-19T06:34:47Z

"https://www.cooperlabscabotskinfitness.com/cabot-vitamin-e/?utm_source=CSF&utm_campaign=Contact-Us-Page&utm_medium=VITE-Box&utm_content=main-website"

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All youngsters get a fever from time to time | pediatricmedic\nAbout\nContact Us\nPrivacy Policy\nDisclaimer\nSitemap\npediatricmedic\nMenu\nHome\nBabies\nHealthcare\nParenting\nHome » healthcare » parenting » All youngsters get a fever from time to time\nhealthcare, parenting Edit\nAll youngsters get a fever from time to time\nbaby with 103.2 fever - A fever itself sometimes causes no hurt and might truly be an honest factor — it's typically a signal that the body is fighting AN infection.\nBut once your kid wakes within the middle of the night flushed, hot, and sweaty, it is easy to be unsure of what to try and do next. do you have to get out the thermometer? the decision the doctor?\nHere's additional regarding fevers, as well as once to contact your doctor.\n*What may be a Fever?\nFever happens once the body's internal \"thermostat\" raises the temperature on top of its traditional level. This thermostat is found in a very a part of the brain referred to as the neural structure. The neural structure is aware of what temperature your body ought to be (usually around ninety eight.6°F/37°C) and can send messages to your body to stay it that means.\nbaby with 103.2 fever\nMost people's body temperatures amendment a bit throughout the course of the day: it has always a bit lower within the morning and a bit higher within the evening and might vary as youngsters cavort, play, and exercise.\nSometimes, though, the neural structure can \"reset\" the body to the next temperature in response to AN infection, illness, or another cause. Why? Researchers believe that turning up the warmth may be a means for the body to fight the germs that cause infections, creating it a less comfy place for them.\n*What Causes Fevers?\nIt's important to recollect that - baby with 103.2 fever - fever by itself isn't AN unwellness} — it has always a signal or symptom of another problem.\nFevers are caused by a number of things, including:\nInfection: Most fevers are caused by an infection or an alternative health problem. A fever helps the body fight infections by stimulating natural defense mechanisms.\nbaby with 103.2 fever\nOverdressing: Infants, particularly newborns, might get fevers if they are over-bundled or in a very hot setting as a result of they do not regulate their temperature moreover as older youngsters. however as a result of fevers in newborns will indicate a heavy infection, even infants who are clothed should be checked by a doctor if they need a fever.\nImmunizations: Babies and children generally get an inferior fever once obtaining unsusceptible.\nAlthough growth might cause a small rise in temperature, it's most likely not the cause if a child's temperature is above 100°F (37.8°C).\n*When may be a Fever a signal of one thing Serious?\nIn healthy youngsters, not all fevers ought to be treated. High fever, though, will build a toddler uncomfortable and build issues (such as dehydration) worse.\nDoctors prefer whether or not to treat a fever by considering each the temperature and a child's overall condition.\nKids whose temperatures are below 102°F (38.9°C) typically do not want medication unless they are uncomfortable. there is one necessary exception: If AN child three months or younger encompasses a body part temperature of one hundred.4°F (38°C) or higher, decision your doctor or attend the emergency department like a shot. Even a small fever is a signal of a probably serious infection in terribly young babies.\nIf your kid is between three months and three years previous and encompasses a fever of 102.2°F (39°C) or higher, decision to visualize if your doctor has to see your kid. For older youngsters, take behavior and activity level into consideration. looking, however, your kid behaves can offer you a reasonably sensible plan of whether or not a minor health problem is that the cause or if your kid ought to be seen by a doctor.\nThe health problem is maybe not serious if your child:\nis still curious about enjoying\nare consumption and drinking well\nis alert and smiling at you\nhas a standard coloring\nlooks well once his or her temperature comes down\nAnd don't worry an excessive amount of a couple of kid with a fever WHO does not need to eat. this can be quite common with infections that cause fever. for teenagers WHO still drink and urinate (pee) usually, not consumption the maximum amount as was common is OK.\nIs it a Fever?\nA gentle kiss on the forehead or a hand placed gently on the skin is commonly enough to administer you a touch that your kid encompasses a fever. However, this technique of taking a temperature (called tactile temperature) will not offer AN correct measuring.\nUse a reliable digital measuring instrument to verify a fever. it is a fever once a child's temperature is at or on top of one in every one of these levels:\nmeasured orally (in the mouth): 100°F (37.8°C)\nmeasured rectally (in the bottom): one hundred.4°F (38°C)\nmeasured in AN axillary position (under the arm): 99°F (37.2°C)\nBut however high a fever does not tell you a lot of regarding however sick your kid is. a straightforward cold or alternative infection will generally cause a rather high fever (in the 102°–104°F/38.9°–40°C range), however, this does not sometimes mean there is a significant issue. In fact, a heavy infection, particularly in infants, may cause no fever or maybe a coffee temperature (below 97°F or thirty six.1°C).\nBecause fevers will rise and fall, a toddler might need chills because the body's temperature begins to rise. the kid might sweat to unharness further heat because the temperature starts to drop.\nSometimes youngsters with a fever breathe quicker than usual and will have a quicker vital sign. the decision the doctor if your kid has hassle respiration is respiration quicker than traditional or remains respiration quick once the fever comes down.\n*How am I able to facilitate My kid Feel Better?\nAgain, not all fevers ought to be treated. In most cases, a fever ought to be treated on condition that it's inflicting a toddler discomfort.\nHere are ways in which to ease symptoms that usually accompany a fever:\n*/Medicines\nIf your kid is fussy or uncomfortable, you'll offer analgesic or isobutylphenyl propionic acid supported the package recommendations for age or weight. (Unless tutored by a doctor, ne'er offer analgesic to a toddler because of its association with Reye syndrome, a rare however probably fatal sickness.) If you do not grasp the suggested dose or your kid is younger than two years previous, decision the doctor to search out what proportion to administer.\nInfants younger than two months previous shouldn't lean any medication for fever while not being checked by a doctor. If your kid has any medical issues, talk to the doctor to visualize that medication is best to use. keep in mind that fever medication will quickly bring a temperature down, however sometimes will not come back it to traditional — and it will not treat the underlying reason for the fever.\n*/Home Comfort Measures\nDress your kid in the light-weight article of clothing and canopy with a light-weight sheet or blanket. Overdressing and over bundling will stop body heat from escaping and might cause the temperature to rise.\nMake sure your child's room may be a comfy temperature — not too hot or too cold.\nWhile some folks use lukewarm sponge baths to lower fever, this technique solely helps quickly, if at all. In fact, sponge baths will build youngsters uncomfortable. ne'er use lotion (it will cause poisoning once absorbed through the skin) or ice packs/cold baths (they will cause chills which will raise body temperature).\n*/Food and Drinks\nOffer lots of fluids to avoid dehydration as a result of fevers build youngsters lose fluids faster than usual. Water, soup, ice pops, and seasoned gelatin are all sensible selections. Avoid drinks with alkaloid, as well as colas and tea, as a result of they will build dehydration worse by increasing voiding (peeing).\nIf your kid is also unconditioned reflex and/or has looseness of the bowels, raise the doctor if you must offer AN solution (rehydration) resolution created particularly for teenagers. you'll notice these at drugstores and supermarkets. do not supply sports drinks — they are not created for younger youngsters and therefore the more sugars will build looseness of the bowels worse. Also, limit your child's intake of fruits and fruit juice.\nIn general, let youngsters eat what they need (in cheap amounts), however, do not force it if they do not desire it.\n*/Taking it simple\nMake sure your kid gets lots of rest. Staying in bed all day is not necessary, however, a sick kid ought to take it simple.\nIt's best to stay a toddler with a fever home from faculty or service. Most doctors feel that it's safe to come back once the temperature has been traditional for twenty-four hours.\n*When ought to I decision the Doctor?\nThe exact temperature that ought to trigger a decision to the doctor depends on a child's age, the health problem, and whether or not there are alternative symptoms with the fever.\nCall your doctor if you have got an:\ninfant younger than three months previous with a body part temperature of one hundred.4°F (38°C) or higher\nan older kid with a temperature of upper than 102.2°F (39°C)\nAlso, the decision if AN older kid encompasses a fever of below 102.2°F (39°C) however also:\nrefuses fluids or appears too sick to drink adequately\nhas lasting looseness of the bowels or continual unconditioned reflex\nhas any signs of dehydration (peeing but usual, not having tears once crying, less alert and fewer active than usual)\nhas a particular grievance (like a pharyngitis or an earache)\nstill encompasses a fever once twenty-four hours (in youngsters younger than two years old) or seventy-two hours (in youngsters two years or older)\nis obtaining fevers tons, notwithstanding they solely last a number of hours every night\nhas a chronic medical downside, like cardiopathy, cancer, lupus, or red blood cell sickness\nhas a rash\nhas pain whereas micturition\nGet emergency care if your kid shows any of those signs:\ncrying that will not stop\nextreme irritability or fussiness\nsluggishness and hassle arousal\na rash or purple spots that appear as if bruises on the skin (that weren't there before your kid got sick)\nblue lips, tongue, or nails\ninfant's soft spot on the top appears to be bulging out or sunken in\nstiff neck\na severe headache\nimpress or refusal to maneuver\ntrouble respiration that does not heal once the nose is cleared\nleaning forward and drooling\nseizure\nmoderate to severe belly pain\nAlso, raise if your doctor has specific pointers on once to decision a couple of fever.\n*What Else ought to I Know?\nAll youngsters get fevers, and in most cases, they are fully back to traditional at intervals a number of days. For older babies and children, the means they act is additional necessary than the reading on your measuring instrument. everybody gets a bit cranky once he or she has a fever. this can be traditional and may be expected.\nBut if you are ever doubtful regarding what to try and do or what a fever may mean, or if your kid is acting sick in a very means that issues you notwithstanding there isn't any fever, perpetually decision your doctor for a recommendation.\nNewer Post Older Post Home\nPopular Posts\nChildren's Sleep Hours Affect Brain Development\nRegular children's sleep affects a child's brain development. Is your child's sleep hours enough? Read the following review....\n10 Ways To Solve Fever In Babies Quickly\n10 Ways To Solve Fever In Babies Quickly 10 Ways To Solve Fever In Babies Quickly 10 Ways To Solve Fever In Babies Quickly ...\nBaby 103 Fever After Flu Shot\n*Side Effects of the contagion Shot in youngsters Benefits of vaccination outweigh any attainable risk for your kid Baby 103 Fever Af...\nBaby Fever 103 Cold Hands and Feet\n*Meningitis symptoms listing baby fever 103 coldhands and feet - The following square measure potential symptoms of the infectious dis...\nBaby With 103 Fever and Vomiting\n*5 Serious Symptoms in youngsters to ne'er Ignore baby with 103 fever and vomiting - What to stay in mind if your kid gets an awful...\nScraping Using Red Onions, Can Reduce Child Fever?\nThe use of shallots is still done by some parents when children have a fever. They believe that children will recover quickly if they are s...\nBaby With 102.8 Fever\nFever is Your Friend! By Thomas Wilson, M.D Baby With 102.8 Fever - A beloved medical specialty academic, C. George Ray, spoken the im...\nBaby Fever Above 103\n*Fever Fears: A Guide for Treating Fever in youngsters Baby Fever Above 103 - You can't run a risk once your kid includes a fever, h...\nLabels\nbabies healthcare parenting\nCopyright 2015 pediatricmedic . Publish by Mas Sugeng\nPowered by Blogger.com

2019-04-24T12:03:31Z

"https://www.pediatricmedic.com/2018/11/all-youngsters-get-fever-from-time-to.html"

www.pediatricmedic.com

Treatments for Migraine | MyMigraineTeam\nMany features of MyMigraineTeam will not work unless you enable JavaScript support in your browser.\nSign up / Log in\nResources < Articles\nTreatments for Migraine\nPosted on August 16, 2018\nhug (4) like (2) comment (5)\nshare\nFacebook\ntwitter\ncopy link\nWhile there is currently no cure for migraine, there are treatment options available to help prevent migraine from starting and treat migraine attacks when they start.\nSpecific treatments for migraine will be recommended by your healthcare provider based on the specifics of your condition and factors such as your age, overall health, and medical history.\nTypes of treatments for migraine\nMost treatments for migraine fall into the categories of preventative medication or acute medication for treating migraine attacks when they start. Some people try lifestyle changes, clinical trials, and alternative pain relief techniques. Many people use multiple medications for treating migraine.\nSome migraine medications must be used within strict limits. When overused, they increase the risk for progressing to chronic migraine – defined as migraine that occurs 15 or more days in each month.\nFor more details on specific treatments, visit Treatments A-Z.\nPreventative medications\nSome drugs are prescribed to help prevent or reduce the frequency of migraine attacks. Many medications used to treat migraine are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for migraine, but are frequently prescribed off-label for this purpose.\nBeta blockers such as Propranolol (sold under the brand names Inderal and InnoPran XL) and Lopressor (Metoprolol) are believed to help prevent migraine by relaxing blood vessels and reducing inflammation.\nAntidepressants of several different classes may be used to help prevent migraine. Effexor (Venlafaxine), a member of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class, is one of antidepressants most frequently prescribed to help prevent migraines. Tricyclic antidepressants that may be prescribed for people with migraine include Elavil (Amitriptyline) and Pamelor (Nortriptyline). Drugs in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class include Prozac (Fluoxetine) and Zoloft (Sertraline). Antidepressants are believed to work in cases of migraine by changing the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain.\nAnticonvulsant (also called anti-seizure or anti-epileptic) drugs are believed to help prevent migraine by inhibiting nerve signals. Anticonvulsants prescribed for the prevention of migraine attacks include Topamax (Topiramate), Neurontin (Gabapentin), and Depacon (Valproate sodium).\nCalcium channel blockers such as Verapamil (sold under the brand names Calan, Covera-HS, and Verelan) may be prescribed for preventative use in those with migraine. Calcium channel blockers are believed to work by suppressing the action of serotonin, which constricts blood vessels in the head and lowers pain tolerance.\nAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as Zestril (Lisinopril) may help prevent migraine by relaxing the blood vessels.\nAimovig (Erenumab-aooe) is a newer drug approved by the FDA to prevent migraine in adults. Aimovig is a biologic drug – a genetically engineered antibody, or protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize substances. Aimovig is also the first member of a new class of drugs called calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP-R) antagonists. Aimovig is believed to work by interfering with CGRP, a substance that dilates blood vessels and contributes to pain signals and inflammation. Aimovig is taken by injection once a month.\nAcute treatment medications\nSome drugs are prescribed to be taken when a migraine attack begins. Most acute treatments work best when taken as early as possible in the attack. Generally, acute migraine treatments work best when taken in one large, single dose rather than spaced out in smaller doses.\nNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first treatment most people try for relieving migraine pain. Some NSAIDs such as Aspirin, Advil (Ibuprofen) and Aleve (Naproxen) are available over the counter (OTC), while others such as Naprosyn (Naproxen), Indocin (Indomethacin), Celebrex (Celecoxib), and Voltaren (Diclofenac) require a prescription. NSAIDs are believed to work by inhibiting the production of chemicals that promote inflammation and blood clot formation in the body. Taken regularly at high doses, some NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal problems and abnormal bleeding.\nTylenol (Acetaminophen) is an OTC analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). Tylenol is believed to work by altering the body’s perception of pain. Some OTC products such as Excedrin Migraine and Excedrin Tension Headache combine Acetaminophen and caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant and a vasoconstrictor – drug that causes the blood vessels to constrict. Caffeine is believed to work in migraines by narrowing the blood vessels in the brain. Excedrin Migraine also contains Aspirin.\nTriptans are a class of drugs approved specifically for use in acute migraine. Triptans are believed to work by constricting blood vessels and reducing inflammation. Triptans include Imitrex (Sumatriptan), Maxalt (Rizatriptan), Relpax (Eletriptan), Zolmig (Zolmitriptan), Amerge (Naratriptan), Axert (Almotriptan), and Frova (Frovatriptan).\nTreximet (Sumatriptan/Naproxen) combines a triptan drug with an NSAID.\nErgot alkaloids are also approved for the treatment of acute migraines. Ergot alkaloids are believed to work by constricting blood vessels in the brain and inhibiting the transmission of brain signals. Migranal (Dihydroergotamine) is an ergot alkaloid. Cafergot combines an ergot alkaloid and caffeine.\nAntiemetics (anti-nausea drugs) can help treat nausea in people with migraine. Antiemetics include Reglan (Metoclopramide), Compro (Prochlorperazine), and Zofran (Ondansetron).\nCorticosteroids such as Prednisone or Dexamethasone may be prescribed in combination with other medications to treat migraine in some cases. Corticosteroids work by suppressing inflammation. Corticosteroids are relatively safe for short-term use, but long-term use causes serious side effects such as high blood glucose, bone problems, mood swings, and weight gain.\nFor migraine pain that is not controlled with other treatments, some may require opioids such Codeine, Norco (Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen) and Vicodin (Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen) may be prescribed. Opioids are believed to work on the brain by altering the body’s ability to perceive pain. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, regular use of opioids – even as prescribed by a doctor – can lead to dependence. If misused, opioids can cause overdose and death.\nIn addition to any side effects specific to each drug, medications used to treat acute migraine have the potential to cause medication overuse headache, also known as rebound headache. Researchers also believe that overusing these drugs can raise the risk for progressing to chronic migraine – migraine that occurs 15 or more days out of each month. The risks of overuse are believed to be highest with aspirin/acetaminophen/caffeine combinations and opioids. Discuss with your doctor how to use acute migraine treatments safely.\nNon-drug treatments for migraine\nFor those in whom migraine medications are not effective, or who cannot tolerate migraine medications, there are several types of non-drug treatments that can be effective for treating or preventing migraine.\nNerve block injections\nBotox (OnabotulinumtoxinA) is approved by the FDA to help prevent migraine attacks in people with chronic migraine. Botox is an injectable form of the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is believed to work by inhibiting the release of certain molecules, such as acetylcholine, and preventing the movement of some nerves and muscles. Other nerve blocking techniques are used to treat some people with chronic migraine, including sphenopalatine ganglion block.\nNerve stimulation devices\nSome people with migraine find neurostimulation (nerve stimulating) devices effective for treating acute migraine pain. Cefaly, SpringTMS, gammaCore, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are four different types of neurostimulation devices. Most neurostimulation devices are believed to work by interfering with pain signals. The electricity prevents the nerves from carrying pain messages to the brain.\nPsychotherapy\nCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or other forms of psychotherapy can help people with migraine better manage stress, which can be a major trigger for migraine. CBT is goal-oriented, focusing on specific problems and how to improve them. Studies show that CBT offers small but significant improvements in pain and disability and moderate improvements for mood in those with chronic pain over six to 12 months.\nLifestyle changes\nTracking diet, sleep, activity, and headaches in a journal can allow you to identify your migraine triggers. Making changes to your lifestyle may help you avoid these migraine triggers and reduce the frequency of attacks. Some people with migraine feel better when they improve their nutrition in general or try a specific diet such as the anti-inflammatory diet.\nNatural and complementary treatments\nComplementary and alternative medicine therapies are popular with many people who get migraines. Natural or complementary treatments for migraines may include acupuncture, acupressure, herbal or nutritional supplements, biofeedback, chiropractic, and daith piercing. Some alternative or natural therapies have been studied in clinical trials, but in many cases, there is limited or inconsistent evidence that they are beneficial for migraines. A few natural treatments can worsen migraines or cause dangerous interactions with migraine medications. Let your doctor know if you try any natural or complementary treatments for migraine.\nClinical trials\nSome people with migraine participate in clinical trials. Clinical trials may test new drugs, new procedures, new dosages of existing drugs, or new combinations of existing drugs. Other clinical studies test the safety and efficacy of alternative treatments such as herbal supplements or ketamine.\nResources\nExternal resources\nTreatment Options – American Migraine Foundation\nMigraine Information Page – National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke\nMigraine – Mayo Clinic\nAbout Migraine – Migraine Research Foundation\nMigraine – U.S. National Library of Medicine\nMigraine – Womenshealth.gov\nAcute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies – American Family Physician\nMyMigraineTeam resources\nPain Management and Migraines\nBotox and Migraine\nDaith and Migraines\nThe Simplicity of the Anti-Inflammatory Diet for Migraines\nTinted Glasses and Migraines\nDaith piercing (Q+A)\nBotox (Q+A)\nHas anyone tried the axon or theraspec glasses? (Q+A)\nHas anyone have their doctor put them on Topamax for migranes? (Q+A)\nHas anyone found a preventative medication or treatment that actually works and the benefits outweigh the side effects? (Q+A)\nhug (4) like (2) comment (5)\nshare\nFacebook\ntwitter\ncopy link\nsign up to view previous comments 1 of 5\nA MyMigraineTeam Member said:\nDoes yours help??\nposted about 1 month ago\nhug (1) like\nJoin today!\nStart meeting others who understand\nWe never share your personal information with anyone.\nContinue with Facebook\nSign up with your email\nAlready a Member? Log in\n×\nWelcome back!\nLog in to gain access to the thousands of comments being shared on MyMigraineTeam.\nlog in\n×\nABOUT MIGRAINES TYPES DIAGNOSIS CAUSES SYMPTOMS TREATMENTS RESOURCES\nLearn more...ABOUT MIGRAINES TYPES DIAGNOSIS CAUSES SYMPTOMS TREATMENTS RESOURCES\nMyMigraineTeam is the social network for those living with migraines. Get the emotional support you need from others like you, and gain practical advice and insights on managing treatment or therapies for migraines. MyMigraineTeam is the only social network where you can truly connect, make real friendships, and share daily ups and downs in a judgement-free place.\nQuick Links\nQ+A Treatments A-Z Resources Provider directory Are you a provider? Crisis\nAbout Us\nWhat is MyMigraineTeam? Partner with us Terms of service Press/News Privacy policy Cookie policy\nHelp With This Site\nGetting started FAQ Community guidelines Contact us\nGet the MyMigraineTeam mobile app\n© 2019 MyHealthTeams. All rights reserved.\nMyMigraineTeam is not a medical referral site and does not recommend or endorse any particular Provider or medical treatment.\nNo information on MyMigraineTeam should be construed as medical and/or health advice.

2019-04-19T05:08:30Z

"https://www.mymigraineteam.com/resources/treatments-for-migraine"

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Help Depression Through Exercise - NaturalNews.com\nHome\nSubscribe (free)\nAbout NaturalNews\nContact Us\nWrite for NaturalNews\nMedia Info\nAdvertising Info\nTweet\nSearch Powered by GoodGopher.com\nHelp Depression Through Exercise\nMonday, March 02, 2009 by: Sheryl Walters\nTags: depression, health news, Natural News\nMost Viewed Articles\nToday\nWeek\nMonth\nYear\nThis Easter Sunday, it’s time to tell the truth about the global war on Christianity (and the rise of Satanism) - NaturalNews.com\nMEDICAL SHOCKER: MMR vaccine dangers exposed by FDA study - NaturalNews.com\nEvery liberal city in America is headed toward Venezuela… get out while you can - NaturalNews.com\nWhole Foods selling bottled water contaminated with dangerous levels of arsenic - NaturalNews.com\nAre you deficient in magnesium? Watch out for these signs - NaturalNews.com\nHerbal remedies that increase blood circulation in the feet - NaturalNews.com\nCDC admits measles outbreak is caused by people from other countries who enter the United States and spread the disease - NaturalNews.com\nExplosions rock Catholic churches, hotels in Sri Lanka, but none DARE call the attacks what they are: Islamic terrorism - NaturalNews.com\nPepsi admits its soda contains cancer-causing ingredients\nHealth hazards from 5G cell towers going mainstream; new calls for protection against radiation pollution - NaturalNews.com\nMass media celebration of woman scientist credited for black hole image was bogus… even SCIENCE is now pushing a liberal agenda - NaturalNews.com\nLove the MANY health benefits of turmeric but turned off by its strong flavor? Here are some foods that make it taste better - NaturalNews.com\nDid you know that “dirty electricity” causes electrical pollution that’s linked to health problems? - NaturalNews.com\nCandida Auris: The silent superbug that’s already too late to stop – full documentary - NaturalNews.com\nFinger-licking BAD: Eating fried chicken and fish increases your risk of early death, research finds - NaturalNews.com\nDon’t be fooled: “biochar” is just incinerated biosludge - NaturalNews.com\nScience journal confirms eating turmeric cured myeloma cancer in 57-year-old woman - NaturalNews.com\nAre globalists FAKING a global Ebola pandemic to demand mandatory vaccines for everyone? - NaturalNews.com\nCandida Auris: The silent superbug that’s already too late to stop – full documentary - NaturalNews.com\nOrgan donor? Organs are cut out of patients’ bodies even while they are conscious and aware, horrifying new science study reveals - NaturalNews.com\nTop 11 causes of cancer you may have NEVER guessed - NaturalNews.com\nHerbal remedies that increase blood circulation in the feet - NaturalNews.com\nCDC admits measles outbreak is caused by people from other countries who enter the United States and spread the disease - NaturalNews.com\nNYC Mayor De Blasio tells citizens: We own your bodies, and we can force you to be injected with anything we want - NaturalNews.com\nMedical BOMBSHELL: Chemotherapy found to spread cancer - NaturalNews.com\nThis Easter Sunday, it’s time to tell the truth about the global war on Christianity (and the rise of Satanism) - NaturalNews.com\nTop 4 historical HEALTH LIES the public needs to stop spreading as fact - NaturalNews.com\nDancing on the Crumbling Precipice: Jim Quinn explains why the deep state is the true enemy of human civilization - NaturalNews.com\nMake a list and check it twice: “Dirty Dozen” list of fruits and vegetables CONTAMINATED with pesticide residue - NaturalNews.com\nWhy you need magnesium if you’re constantly stressed or anxious - NaturalNews.com\nProposed new Texas law would demand safety studies for vaccines… no wonder the entire vaccine industry opposes it - NaturalNews.com\n77 holistic practitioners now dead since 2015: This is beyond strange, they are dropping like flies and MSM ignores them - NaturalNews.com\nHere are 7 reasons why you should eat coconut oil before going to bed - NaturalNews.com\nStunning new material invented in Turkey: “Metallic wood” is 5 times stronger than titanium, but lighter - NaturalNews.com\nCalamansi fruit from the Philippines found to be a powerful anticancer food - NaturalNews.com\nDairy industry to DISAPPEAR in 10 years? - NaturalNews.com\nWhy you need magnesium if you’re constantly stressed or anxious - NaturalNews.com\nCalamansi fruit from the Philippines found to be a powerful anticancer food - NaturalNews.com\nNYC Mayor De Blasio tells citizens: We own your bodies, and we can force you to be injected with anything we want - NaturalNews.com\nMEDICAL ALERT: Hospitals are releasing deadly superbug fungi into the open air, “colonizing” the population with dangerous pathogens that have a 41% – 88% fatality rate - NaturalNews.com\nMEDICAL MARTIAL LAW rolled out in New York; unvaccinated citizens banned from all public places, including schools, churches, malls, sidewalks, public transit and voting locations - NaturalNews.com\nMicrowave ovens ‘fluke’ your heart while they ‘nuke’ your food - alarming studies reveal microwave frequency radiation can affect heart and blood - NaturalNews.com\nDoes removing sugar from your diet starve cancer cells? New study finds surprising answers - NaturalNews.com\nCandida Auris: The silent superbug that’s already too late to stop – full documentary - NaturalNews.com\nOrgan donor? Organs are cut out of patients’ bodies even while they are conscious and aware, horrifying new science study reveals - NaturalNews.com\nIBM, the same company that provided punch card computing systems to the Nazis, lays groundwork for global “Mark of the Beast” cryptocurrency network - NaturalNews.com\nUPS partnering with drug giants to inject you with vaccines in your own home… pilot project a blueprint for nationwide vaccine mandates at gunpoint - NaturalNews.com\nTop 11 causes of cancer you may have NEVER guessed - NaturalNews.com\nIt takes money to try to hold Big Pharma accountable: Chuck Norris sues 11 drug companies for poisoning his wife - NaturalNews.com\nBurger King rolls out the genetically modified “Impossible Burger” made with questionable chemicals - NaturalNews.com\nYes, Google has been LISTENING and RECORDING everything you say in your own home through secret NEST microphones - NaturalNews.com\nMoral decline: Satanic symbols now appearing at government buildings all across America - NaturalNews.com\nANALYSIS: Deep state behind arrest of Julian Assange in last-ditch desperate effort to take down Trump with forced “confessions” - NaturalNews.com\nArizona SWAT team smashes door, raids mother’s home at gunpoint over child having a fever… medical tyranny gone wild in the USA - NaturalNews.com\nHomeschooling skyrockets as more parents get fed up with Left-wing social engineering and violence in public schools - NaturalNews.com\nCourt ruling confirms Gardasil vaccine kills people… scientific evidence beyond any doubt… so where is the outcry? - NaturalNews.com\nCONFIRMED: Barack Obama was running the entire spygate operation that violated federal law to spy on Trump campaign officials - NaturalNews.com\nU.S. chicken farms are so dirty, meat has to be washed with chlorine before being sold for human consumption - NaturalNews.com\nPhilippines government conducts armed raid of natural health clinic; hundred of patients thrown to the streets… Dr. Farrah forced to flee after entire family death threated - NaturalNews.com\n“Mystery virus” spreading like wildfire across U.S. population, putting people in bed for a MONTH… is this a depopulation bioweapon experiment? - NaturalNews.com\nFlu shot lands man in hospital, unable to speak, walk, see or even BREATHE - NaturalNews.com\nMany cases of “dementia” are actually side effects of prescription drugs or vaccines, according to research - NaturalNews.com\nIt takes money to try to hold Big Pharma accountable: Chuck Norris sues 11 drug companies for poisoning his wife - NaturalNews.com\nScientists have discovered a way to destroy cancer tumors using nothing but sound waves - NaturalNews.com\nKavanaugh accuser Christine Blasey exposed for ties to Big Pharma abortion pill maker… effort to derail Kavanaugh is plot to protect abortion industry profits - NaturalNews.com\nEMERGENCY REPORT: Signed Executive Orders reveal Trump is planning mass arrests, military tribunals for deep state traitors like Comey, Clinton and Obama – UPDATE - NaturalNews.com\nFDA quietly bans powerful life-saving intravenous Vitamin C - NaturalNews.com\nStudy PROVES chemicals in shampoo and toothpaste are altering sex hormones in adolescents - NaturalNews.com\nWhy you need magnesium if you’re constantly stressed or anxious - NaturalNews.com\nMicrowave ovens ‘fluke’ your heart while they ‘nuke’ your food - alarming studies reveal microwave frequency radiation can affect heart and blood - NaturalNews.com\nThe criminalization of science whistleblowers: A mind-blowing interview with Judy Mikovits, PhD - NaturalNews.com\nDoes removing sugar from your diet starve cancer cells? New study finds surprising answers - NaturalNews.com\nPopular on Facebook\n538\nDear Donald Trump: Blockade the lying mainstream media and recognize the independent media as America's real free press\n51\nKellogg's found to have financial ties to the money man for cop-killing left-wing HATE groups: George Soros\nhttps://www.naturalnews.com/025750_exercise_depression_symptoms.html\nTweet\n(NewsTarget) For a person with depression and anxiety, exercise may seem like something that is hard to include in an already difficult life. Depression often results in a lack of energy and increased feelings of tiredness, so the thought of getting ready, out the door, and exercising might seem overwhelming. However, exercise has been proven to be beneficial to mood and to help ease the symptoms of depression.\nResearch done at Michigan State University compared a group of non-exercising depressed women against a group of depressed women that exercised for thirty minutes two times per week. Inventories taken at three weeks and at the end of the nine week program showed that the women who exercised had a significant reduction in depression symptoms. The women who did not exercise had no change in their depression symptoms.\nResearch shows that regular exercise helps decrease feelings of depression and anxiety, improves sleep, and reduces stress. During exercise the body releases chemicals called endorphins. Endorphins are a \"feel good\" chemical. They act as an analgesic to reduce the perception of pain and also elicit a calming effect on the body. In addition to these emotional benefits you also receive the physical benefits of exercise such as strengthening your cardiovascular system, weight loss, decreased risk of diabetes, and many others.\nStarting out with even small amounts of activity, a 10 minute walk for example, can improve mood. Increasing activity to 30 minutes three to five days a week has been shown to greatly reduce depression symptoms. A structured exercise program isn't necessary - any activity that elevates heart rate is beneficial. Walking, gardening, golfing, dancing, and even vigorous housework are all examples of moderate exercise that can help. Forming an exercise support system is helpful both to stick to an exercise program and build relationships that are important in helping depression. Some people find that joining a group exercise class or walking with a friend helps greatly.\nWhen starting an exercise program consider factors that will increase your chances of being consistent. Choose an activity you love; if you don't enjoy the exercise you are doing it is much more likely that you will not stick with it. Schedule exercise into your day and make it just as important as any other appointment. Make sure that you schedule your exercise session during a time when you feel most energetic; if you are not a morning person don't schedule yourself for an early morning walk.\nSources:\n-Why exercise helps depression (http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/2005...)\n-Exercise and depression (http://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/exerci...)\n-Depression and anxiety: Exercise eases symptoms (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/depression-...)\nAbout the author\nSheryl is a kinesiologist, nutritionist and holistic practitioner.\nHer website www.younglivingguide.com provides the latest research on preventing disease, looking naturally gorgeous, and feeling emotionally and physically fabulous. You can also find some of the most powerful super foods on the planet including raw chocolate, purple corn, and many others.\nSearch on GoodGopher.com\nGoodGopher.com is the new search engine for truth seekers.\nFollow real-time breaking news headlines on\nDepression at FETCH.news\nThe world of independent media, all in one place.\nPlease enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.\ncomments powered by Disqus\nAdvertise with NaturalNews...\nNatural News Wire (Sponsored Content)\nAdvertise with NaturalNews...\nScience.News\nScience News & Studies\nMedicine.News\nMedicine News and Information\nFood.News\nFood News & Studies\nHealth.News\nHealth News & Studies\nHerbs.News\nHerbs News & Information\nPollution.News\nPollution News & Studies\nCancer.News\nCancer News & Studies\nClimate.News\nClimate News & Studies\nSurvival.News\nSurvival News & Information\nGear.News\nGear News & Information\nGlitch.News\nNews covering technology, stocks, hackers, and more\nNaturalNews.com\nNatural News Toolbar\nPrivacy Policy\nTerms of Use\nAbout Us\nContact Us/Feedback\nWrite for Natural News\nMedia Information\nAdvertise Information\nFollow Us\nEmail Newsletter\nTwitter\nPinterest\nSteemit\nMeWe\nGab.ai\nDiaspora\nRSS\nThis site is part of the Natural News Network © 2019 All Rights Reserved. Privacy | Terms All content posted on this site is commentary or opinion and is protected under Free Speech. Truth Publishing International, LTD. is not responsible for content written by contributing authors. The information on this site is provided for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional advice of any kind. Truth Publishing assumes no responsibility for the use or misuse of this material. Your use of this website indicates your agreement to these terms and those published here. All trademarks, registered trademarks and servicemarks mentioned on this site are the property of their respective owners.\nGet alerted on heavy metals and pesticide test results for foods and supplements\nNatural News is about to begin releasing lab test results for off-the-shelf food, supplement and pet food products, covering heavy metals, nutritive minerals, pesticides and herbicides. 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2019-04-23T20:21:39Z

"https://www.naturalnews.com/025750_exercise_depression_symptoms.html"

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February 2019 – natural hair regrowth treatment\nSkip to content\nnatural hair regrowth treatment\nhair regrowth treatment for women natural hair regrowth treatment\nMonth: February 2019\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n“best shampoo for thinning hair +hair replacement therapy”\nFinasteride: The FDA approved this medicine to treat men with hair loss. It comes in pill form and helps slow hair loss in most (about 88%) men. It helps stimulate hair re-growth in many (about 66%) men. Finasteride works by stopping the body from making a male hormone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT).\nIn men, hair loss begins above both temples and recedes over time to form an “M” shape. Hair also tends to thin at the crown and may progress to partial or complete baldness. In women, the hairline does not recede and rarely results in total baldness, but the hair does usually become thinner all over the head.\nNowadays, thanks to the advancement in technology, an additional method of treating Hair Loss was developed that is neither invasive nor require massive changes in lifestyle – the Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). LLLT is the technology behind Laser Combs and Helmets.\nEarlier this year, the authors of a PLOS-One study published this January may have made a giant leap in understanding how to accomplish that goal. From human pluripotent (embryonic) stem cells, they created cells that resembled dermal papilla cells, which reside underneath and regulate our follicles, and grafted them into the skin of albino mice. They discovered that these cells were able to stimulate hair growth.\n2. Ironically, scissors are your friend. Although getting regular trims to snip splits won’t make your hair actually grow faster, it will keep tips looking healthy and prevent splits from working their way up strands, requiring you to chop hair off more often. “If you wait so long that splits are causing your hair to break off high up on the strand, your hair will actually be shorter than if you get consistent trims,” Townsend says, who suggests asking your stylist to take around just an eighth of an inch off every 10 to 12 weeks to prevent extreme split ends before they start.\nOne of the most curable herbal plants is neem. It is most commonly used for treating several skin problems, as well as hair problems. For curing baldness, you are required to make a paste of neem leaf powder. Mix some neem leaf powder in some fresh aloe vera juice. Add some drops of herbal amla in it and stir it well. Apply this herbal paste on hair roots, covering the affected area. After 30 minutes, wash it with water. For experiencing best results, practice this method twice a week.\nAcupuncture, a Chinese medical practice, involves activating the trigger points in your mind that will establish a balance in the body fluids and energies and resolve the problem. For baldness, there are many acupuncture points that are activated. This treatment is usually used in conjunction with a herbal remedy and vitamin supplementation.\nAfter that, apply this Mask on your Hair Scalp evenly, adding an extra coat on the area where your hair is losing drastically. Let it sink in for about two hours. Once you already feel some heat, this only means that the solution is already working on follicles. Next, rinse off with a gentle shampoo. You must do this once every week regularly to obtain lush hair. In no time, you’ll spot small hair sprigs on your bald patches.\nWith 21 individual lasers working hand-in-hand in maintaining a healthy scalp and hair growth, Home Hair Growth Renewing Laser is not your average Low-level Laser Therapy comb with its number of lasers at its disposal.\nI would like ad mine here. I usually apply 1tbs yogurt, 1tbs mayonnaise, 1tbs honey, 1 egg and 1 slice of lemon juice. I mix all these ingredients well and then apply if on my scalp, and root to tip of my hair and keep it for 40 minutes and it really works very well.\nIt’s important that you take time each day to focus on nourishing your hair to get the luscious locks you want. Taking this step and practicing self-care will be extra beneficial if your hair loss is related to any emotional or stress-related issue. Stay positive and do your best to maintain a healthy lifestyle that will complement your hair treatment plan.\nLike its shampoo counterpart, this Laritelle serum works to stimulate the scalp. At night, massage this oil right into your scalp to promote better blood circulation and healthier conditions for the regrowth of hair.\nThe price range of these hair growth vitamins vary from $60 and up depending on the size of the box and the brand of the vitamins. You can purchase Vitamin C and other vitamins needed by your hair in any drugstore nationwide so you can run and purchase it anytime.\nAlexey Terskikh, Ph.D., associate professor in the Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program at Sanford-Burnham, and collaborators coaxed human pluripotent stem cells to become dermal papilla cells.\n“Those with thinning hair have fewer or finer hairs, meaning that there is less surface area for sebum (oil) to be distributed over. As a result, roots tend to get greasy faster, creating limpness,” Kingsley explains. “Cleanse regularly with a body building shampoo to give hair added volume and remove excess oils, grease, and dirt.”\nHi, I am Rakhi, From India, I was also suffered from hair loss quite some time but now It is o.k. But i follow some tricks for example : dont use dryer, oil your hair overnight and shampoo it and dont forget to use conditioner. It is very important. and slowly brush your hair. and believe in your self.\nWhat causes hair to thin out for women? Just like our bodies change with age, most women notice some hair thinning as they get older. This is quite natural. It’s said that by the age of 50, half of women will complain of hair loss. If a woman’s thinning hair is related to female-patterned hair loss, then the thinning is believed to be 90 percent genetic and 10 percent hormonal. You’ll probably be surprised to learn that female-pattern baldness affects about 30 million American women. (17) You can’t change your genetics, but thankfully, you can work on the hormonal aspect (more on that shortly).\nIt is the first choice of herbalists to treat hair loss. Actually, it blocks the formation of dihydrotestosterone, a hormone thought to kill hair follicles, leading to androgenic alopecia. Consume about 160 mgs of saw palmetto on a regular basis twice a day.\nAn important factor in deciding which products made our list of the best hair growth products is validity, i.e., is the product legitimate or does it belong on a late-night infomercial along with stories of alien abductions?\nDrink water to hydrate your body. When your body is dehydrated, your cannot get enough nutrients to start producing keratin again, which will grow hair on your bald spot. MayoClinic.com says you should drink about 64 oz. of water every day.\nA third post read: “Good on ya Brian…. not always easy for a man to talk about or deal with hair loss/reversing hair. Hopefully this will let others take the plunge and feel better about themselves.” [sic] News of this hair transplant comes days after …\nHow worried should men be about the sexual side effects of finasteride? “What I tell men is that it’s not something they should stress about,” says Dr. Wolfeld, “but it is something they should be aware of.” In his experience, he notes only a roughly 5 percent incidence of sexual dysfunction reported by patients who take the medication.\nBald guys have more testosterone. No, but they do have a higher percentage of hair follicles genetically susceptible to DHT. It sounds a lot less sexy when you put it that way. BBC Future did a whole investigation into this myth, proving once and for all that Bruce Willis is no more virile than Fabio.\nKetoconazole is another product that fights off dandruff and slows down hair loss. It reduces the production of testosterone that eventually transforms to DHT and sticks to hair follicles. A concentration of 2% of this product is prescribed for better results.\nWhen hair is caused by an underlying disease, conventional medicine likely includes drugs like prednisone to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Common side effects of prednisone include confusion, headache, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, thinning skin, acne, sleep problems and weight gain. (18)\nAfter the colour tragedy I stay far away from synthetic hair colors. I probably have 10 to 15 gray hair and I use henna to cover my greys. Surprisingly the number of white hair have also reduced in the last couple of years (I can’t point to one single thing that I do/did, perhaps little of everything has helped).\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n“how to stop hair loss in women |hair products for thinning hair and hair loss”\nIn 2016, cosmetics company Shiseido together with Replicel Life Sciences launched a project name “Hair Regeneration” which aims to replicate “Hair Follicles” by transforming Mature Cells into Stem Cells. You can read the Article Here.\nI use to have good hair in my childhood but somewhere around 12 – 13 my hair started falling and I have very less hair on the right side of my scalp and because of that it looks very wide and I am not able to show that side of my head. I am 16 now and my mom says that there are tiny thin hairs on my scalp but they are not growing. Could you please help me get my hair back on that side? Now I don’t have hairfall but can’t see much improvement. Please help\nWhile you use the Ultrax Labs shampoo, it can help fight dandruff, too. No matter why you wash with it, massage it in and leave it on your hair from 2 to 5 minutes before rinsing for best results. The manufacturer also recommends using it at least 5 times per week.\nOnce you consulted a dermatologist about the Hair Loss you’ve been experiencing and he/she had proven that it is caused by your Thyroid Disease, you can now go to your Thyroid doctor and get cured by undergoing a certain treatment.\nBiotin’s main feature is being cold-pressed in organic coconut oil. Organic coconut oil helps in taking care of hair. It moisturizes dry hair, and it also maintains its smoothness and strength. This is in veggie liquid soft gel form.\nI’m 30 years old, for the past 10 years i have been having hair fall.I’m going to get engaged soon and would like to know about the operations available as i have tried all possible remedies.One reason for my hair loss is due to dandruff.\nFinasteride (Propecia). This prescription drug is available only to men. It’s taken daily in pill form. Many men taking finasteride experience a slowing of hair loss, and some may show some new hair growth. You need to keep taking it to retain benefits.\nThank you for the valuable info! I absolutely agree that the proper hair care and nutrition are more important than anything else. The everyday stress can also cause thinning hair and loss, it is essential to balance our lifestyle and diet to ensure that the healthy hair gets the needed nutrients. Natural hair growth doesn’t happen overnight!\nHair transplantation involves harvesting follicles from the back of the head that are DHT resistant and transplanting them to bald areas. A surgeon will remove minuscule plugs of skin that contain a hairs and implant the plugs where the follicles are inactive. Around 15 percent of hairs emerge from the follicle as a single hair, and 15 percent grow in groups of four or five hairs.\nRobert M. Bernstein, MD, FAAD is a Clinical Professor of Dermatology at Columbia University in New York and a world renowned hair transplant surgeon. His landmark medical publications on FUT and FUE have revolutionized hair restoration. Dr. Bernstein is respected for his keen aesthetic sense, exceptional surgical skills, and honesty regarding his patients’ best course of treatment.\nI am gunjan , 33 m from Noida. I was always proud my thick and dense hairs before at the age of 28, I came to Noida. My hairs started becoming thin and I witnessed a lot of hair loss from the front side and now also on the scalp, however I still do not look bald.Please advise how could I regrow my hairs? I have a night shift job with competition and stress. We really do not have any family history of baldness and my parents have good hairs even in advanced age. I appreciate your help\n“The most common cause of hair loss in both men and women is androgenetic alopecia, which is genetic pattern hair loss,” explains Dr. Michael B. Wolfeld, a board-certified plastic surgeon and an assistant clinical professor of plastic surgery at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. The root cause of this type of hair loss is dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a byproduct of testosterone that shrinks certain hair follicles until they eventually stop producing hair.\nWith androgenetic alopecia affecting so many people, a permanent cure would not only lessen anxiety for a significant percentage of the population, but it would also prove financially advantageous to the pharmaceutical company responsible for the discovery.\nThat same year, researchers in Nature Medicine announced their own hair miracle, as they reported that an oral preparation of the bone marrow cancer drug ruxolitinib had restored more than half of the hair lost by three balding AA patients after five months of treatment, validating their earlier animal studies.\nNuNutrients Advanced is a potent serum that works at the root of hair loss. It revitalizes hair follicles, helps reduce hair loss, and reduces inflammation, while regrowing hair by reducing the level of DHT (which can degrade hair follicles and inflame the skin). Voted a #1 trusted brand in 2013 and 2014, this effective treatment uses Biochanin A (extracted from Red Clover) to produce results that can’t be achieved with other products. Biochanin A is a natural inhibitor of DHT, subdues hair loss, and modulates free radical damage to the skin and scalp. This helps the hair stay rooted much longer, while increasing the size of the hair follicle for better volume. It also uses Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 Biomimetic peptides to stimulate the extracellular matrix proteins for stronger hair anchoring. It also prevents hair from falling out and improves the scalp’s health, while adding more volume and increasing the size of the hair follicle.\nHi Justin, we have no records of any comments being submitted from the email address that you have supplied. It seems likely that your comments did not reach us as we can assure you they were not deleted. You are right that there is currently no cure for genetic hair loss, however, there are effective and clinically-proven hair loss treatments. As with any medications there are chances of side effects and these are clearly set out both on our website and are discussed with our patients.\nLoading your scalp with hair products that contain harsh chemicals will make your hair brittle and more prone to falling out. Instead, go for shampoos that are free of any sulfate, silicone or paraben. This way, your hair will always remain healthy.\nDo not overexpose oneself to the treatment in terms of the number of times the product can be used in a week i.e. if indicated to be used for only three times a week, don’t use it at four times on the same timeframe.\nI am 47 yrs old. I started loosing hair after fever named Typhoyed twice at the age of 13. Since then I keep loosing hair and keep recovering them evertime. I almost used all product available in market but no use. But I keep taking care of my hair and still left almost all but thin. Few tips to young people.\nPentapeptides are known for their anti-aging properties and effects, which is why they are commonly found in an array of cosmetic products and anti-wrinkle creams. Pentapeptides can also help to stimulate collagen production in the skin.\nPeople have tried using this drug by applying it directly to the skin. Research shows that Minoxidil with a concentration of 5% produces dramatically better results than the other iteration with a concentration of just 2%. The results of the study show moderate hair growth among 19% of the total sample.\nTaking ginseng supplements can promote hair growth by stimulating hair follicles. Ginsenosides are the active components of ginseng and are thought to be responsible for its positive effect on hair. Always take as directed and be sure to check for any possible side effects.\nHi. I am a 23 year old man. I used hair wax (BED HEAD For Men by TIGI) in July last year. I was advised by friends to wash it before I sleep. I used it only twice. Once, I washed it before sleeping, and the other time, I delayed washing to four days. Then when I washed my hair I lost hair excessively. It shocked me to see so much hair-loss in my shower. After that, I kept losing hair for the next few months. I thought shaving my head would solve it – I did that twice. But to no avail. The hair loss ceased at one point. Untill this point, I had only been losing hair in an oval pattern on the front and like an army cut on my lower sides. Now the hair loss has returned. I’m losing hair now on the top mainly. What can be the reasons? Is this MPB or caused by the hair wax (in which case is it treatable?) Should I visit a doctor? Thank you.\nHair doesn’t make the man. Remind yourself of everything else you have to offer. Or take care of things you can control, like staying in shape. It’s OK to look to others for support. And if you need a little inspiration, think of bald men or guys with shaved heads who ooze confidence, like The Rock, Vin Diesel, and Pitbull. Consider yourself in good company.\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n“anti hair fall treatment -hair loss solutions for women”\nFor the treatment of hair fall, alfalfa juice is a powerful remedy. When it is mixed with various other vegetable juices, it becomes more effective remedy to cure baldness. You are required to add alfalfa juice with coriander or lettuce or spinach juice. Mix it well and drink it regularly.\nHair Fall is the state of having no hair or lacking hair where it often grows, especially on the head. The most common form of baldness. AYURVEDIC KESH KING HAIR OIL is a complete unique herbal formula for treatment of hair loss. With no side effects Natural ingredients with no harsh irritating agents. Easy treatment with Ayurvedic KESH KING HAIR OIL which involves active hair growth.our herbal hair OIL is most effective hair loss treatments for all types of hair loss. every disease that exists in todays century, We provide you the best herbal hair oil, KESH KING HAIR OIL helps you regain your hair with all that shine and smoothness.\n“Don’t get me wrong — I really want it to work,” said Dr. Senna, who also teaches at Harvard Medical School. “There aren’t a lot of options, and I’d love to be able to say to my patients, ‘This is something you can try that is worth the money.’ But I can’t do that yet.”\nWith stem cell therapy, stem cells are used to stimulate the cells which, consequently, allow the growth of new hair when transferred onto the scalp. In more detail, the process begins with the cleaning of the scalp. After that, stem cells are transported onto the part of the scalp that is affected and as these stem cells go into the scalp layer, they stimulate the follicles and encourage the growth of new hair.\nIt won’t happen with Procerin. This anti-hairloss treatment contains 17 different nutrients and minerals which best suits your hair and scalp. It helps in stimulating new hair growth. It contains Ginseng root extract, Gotu Kola, Zinc Sulfate, Vitamin B6, Pumpkin Seed, Epanax Ginseng Extract, Arctium Majus root extract and Meak Acetyl Tyrosine.\nBest Hair Growth Shampoo Sulfate Free Caffeine Biotin Argan Oil Allantoin Rosemary Stimulates Hair Regrowth Helps Stop Hair Loss Grow Hair Fast Best Hair Loss Treatment for Men and Women * For more information, visit image link.\nCorticosteroids medicine or shots contain a type of hormone in it. They suppress the immune system and thereby help in getting rid of alopecia areata. They can either be taken through an injection or in the form of creams and ointments. For noteworthy improvement in the hair loss condition, the injection has to be taken several times in a month.\nHair loss can be a frustrating and embarrassing problem. Pinpointing causes of this issue seems easy enough – stress, poor nutrition, genes and illness can all contribute to less than desirable hair volume. Battling it, however, is harder – changing your\nSome physicians make their own treatments for pattern baldness by mixing tretinoin (Retin-A or Renova) with minoxidil. Tretinoin is often prescribed as an acne treatment, but studies suggest it increases the effect of minoxidil by 10 percent. This type of hair-loss therapy is only available with a prescription.\nKetoconazole is the easiest shampoo to use out there. Unlike other shampoos which have complicated procedures on how to use Ketoconazole has a simple procedure. You gently apply it to your wet hair and scalp while taking a shower. Then you leave it for about two minutes before washing off. To achieve full effectiveness of glossier shinier hair you will require to apply Ketoconazole again this time leaving it for about five minutes before rinsing off.\nMost people noticed a difference within two weeks to one month. For best results, use it every day instead of 5 days per week so that it will not cause drying or any other side effects. It smells and feels like a normal shampoo, and also makes your hair feel silkier and smoother.\nIn addition, minoxidil appears to prolong the growth period of a hair, which results in longer hair and a higher number of hair strands. When used properly, minoxidil has been shown to be safe and effective.\nRecently when i do wash my hair due to when it gets oily, it falls out alot (i have a good feeling its our water because my mom is going through the same)& ive started using sponge rollers to give my hair volume. im afraid to say that it looks like i have been “balding” a little bit. i am wondering if taking vitamins will help, i wanted to ask if coconut oil will be the best route, im willing to take any advice on how to regrow my roots the best way i can. thank you!\nStress and hair loss don’t have to be permanent. If you get your stress under control, your hair may grow back. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you notice sudden or patchy hair loss or more than usual hair loss when combing or washing your hair. Sudden hair loss can signal an underlying medical condition that requires treatment. If needed, your doctor may suggest treatment options for the hair loss as well. And if efforts to manage your stress on your own don’t work, talk to your doctor about stress management techniques.\nIt is best to understand first how hair grows and why on some scalp they do not grow. Basically, hair grows our from your scalp’s hair follicles. If your hair follicles are healthy, then healthy hair grows naturally. However, dead hair follicles do not allow the growth of hair. Thus, this leads to baldness.\nAs soon as Bald Patches start to appear on your scalp, don’t be scared. Beer, Honey, and Boiled Wheat won’t let you cry due to Excessive Hair Loss. With these Basic Ingredients found inside your kitchen, you can now gain back your Crowning Glory effortlessly.\n“Our next step is to transplant human dermal papilla cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells back into human subjects,” said Terskikh. “We are currently seeking partnerships to implement this final step.”\nHiding that hairline with a cap can be so wrong because it worsens the situation, it could be one of the reasons for hair fall. There various causes of hair fall, mineral deficiency, genetics like the baldness in men, stress, diet and many others. It could be a nightmare for any man developing baldness. Researchers show that it is caused by genetics, others say tallness determines when to go bald. I know its scary, but don’t worry hair fall is common.\nBelow we’ve listed the very best vitamins, shampoos, conditioners, light therapy devices, deep conditioners, topical treatments, moisturizers, and hair brushes that are guaranteed to help regrow and restore your hair fast.\nFurthermore, Procerin shampoo for hair loss does not contain or use any fillers, preservatives, artificial ingredients or additives of any harmful nature, which makes Procerin a high-quality, natural product that actually works.\nKesh King is a purely Ayurvedic product, which is totally safe. As of now crores of people have tried and got benefitted. For your information, Kesh King is CGHS (Central Govt health service) Approved Product.\nThe main ingredients which are utilized in Provillus are vitamin B6 (Pyridocine Hydrochloride), biotin, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide as well as saw palmetto. Other exclusive blends are stingin nettle, pumpkin, eleuthero origin, uva-ursi and also muira puama. All these ingredients are vital for advertising hair development as well as it additionally aids with your immune feature, skin and nail health, healthy protein food digestion as well as healthy and balanced red blood cells. So Provillus is not only helpful for hair development, it has various other benefits which is benefiting for your whole being as well.\nThis is another Ultrax Labs product and the third we’ve recommended so far and that’s by no mistake. When it comes to boosting hair growth and reversing hair loss Ultrax has the best hair growth products and the quality is reflected in the price and the thousands of reviews on Amazon.\nNuNutrients Advanced is a potent serum that works at the root of hair loss. It revitalizes hair follicles, helps reduce hair loss, and reduces inflammation, while regrowing hair by reducing the level of DHT (which can degrade hair follicles and inflame the skin). Voted a #1 trusted brand in 2013 and 2014, this effective treatment uses Biochanin A (extracted from Red Clover) to produce results that can’t be achieved with other products. Biochanin A is a natural inhibitor of DHT, subdues hair loss, and modulates free radical damage to the skin and scalp. This helps the hair stay rooted much longer, while increasing the size of the hair follicle for better volume. It also uses Acetyl Tetrapeptide-3 Biomimetic peptides to stimulate the extracellular matrix proteins for stronger hair anchoring. It also prevents hair from falling out and improves the scalp’s health, while adding more volume and increasing the size of the hair follicle.\nHair is made up of the hair follicle (a pocket in the skin that anchors each hair) and the shaft (the visible fiber above the scalp). In the hair bulb, located at the base of the follicle, cells divide and grow to produce the hair shaft, which is made from a protein called keratin. Papilla that surround the bulb contain tiny blood vessels that nourish the hair follicles and deliver hormones to regulate the growth and structure of the hair.\nExtract the juice of one onion by grating it and then strain it. Apply the juice directly onto the scalp. Leave it on for about 30 minutes, and then wash it off. Finally, shampoo your hair. Repeat this procedure two or three times a week for several weeks.\nPropecia’s 1 mg dose of finasteride can effectively lower DHT levels in the scalp by as much as 60% when taken daily. It is DHT that shrinks or miniaturizes the hair follicle, which eventually leads to baldness. This 60% reduction in DHT has proven to stop the progression of hair loss in 86% of men taking the drug during clinical trials. 65% of trial participants had what was considered a substantial increase of hair growth.\nWith 8 oz., it has a powerhouse combination of different proteins, amino acids, aloe vera, and organic jojoba oil. Its sage, ivy, and green tea extracts act as scalp and hair follicle stimulants with their soothing and healing effects.\nFor the short primer: Hair continuously grows out of a single follicle for a period of about four years, all the while being nourished by surrounding cells. The follicle then undergoes a short hibernation phase of about three months, recuperates, and sheds the current hair strand attached to it before starting production back up. At any one time, about 10 percent of our follicles are in that resting state while the rest are happily pumping out luscious tubes of keratin.\nIf you’re going to use supplements with your hair in mind, tell your doctor before you start taking them. That way, your doctor can watch out for any possible side effects, including interactions with other drugs you’re taking.\nAbout 70 percent of men and 40 percent of women go through some degree of hair thinning as they age, almost usually as a result of androgenic alopecia (AGA), otherwise known as male or female pattern baldness. Though a number of products and treatments currently exist to fight back against hair loss, a so-called permanent “cure” would probably be one of the most exciting scientific discoveries to come along in a long time, right behind fat-free bacon and unlosable house keys. But is such a cure actually even possible? And if so, just how far from it are we?\nMost physicians do not prefer oral products to make hair grow faster. Instead, they would prescribe topical treatments or products for external use only. Some doctors have found a treatment called Minoxidil. This medicine is for controlling high blood pressure, with a positive side effect of hair growth.\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n“stop hair loss naturally +hair loss problem solution”\nAgain, Rogaine is for men – not women – who have hereditary hair loss. Males under 18 shouldn’t use it, or men whose hair loss is primarily contained to the front of the scalp (i.e., a receding hairline). If you have no family history of hair loss or don’t know the reason for your thinning hair, then consult a medical professional before using Rogaine.\nSelenium is a trace element required for the production of selenoproteins in the body. These regulate metabolism, reproduction, immunity and DNA synthesis. In addition, they also stimulate the growth of new hair. Not having enough selenium cause reduce hair growth, cause hair follicle abnormalities and also hair fall.\nFor a heads up, professional athlete LeBron James and world class, golf player Tiger Woods also has been reported to have used this therapy after their hair loss although the report is still to be proven.\nHi, I’ve tried every method in this article, but my hair doesn’t seem to want to grow. My hair is super healthy, but it’s only growing as slow as it did before. I’ve been using these methods for about two months, and my hair has grown about 3/4 of an inch. I have not exposed my hair to heat products whatsoever, or any bleach or coloring products. I have also tried warm argan oil, which doesn’t seem to make it want to grow either. Are there any other methods that might help me??\nSome medications can trigger hair loss. Hair loss is a well-known side effect of chemotherapy treatment for cancer. But some common medications may also lead to hair loss, including anticoagulants that thin the blood, high blood pressure medication, gout medication, antidepressants, and birth control pills. By switching to a different medication under your doctor’s guidance, you can usually stop this kind of hair loss. Your lifestyle, especially one characterized by high-stress levels, not getting proper nutrition, and significant weight loss can play a major role in your health and the health of your hair. Although experts don’t know the exact process, there is a clear relationship between high levels of stress and hair loss.\nThese lists, updated hourly, contain bestselling items. Here you can discover the best Hair Regrowth Treatments in Amazon Best Sellers, and find the top 100 most popular Amazon Hair Regrowth Treatments.\nMost people think that androgenetic alopecia is a condition where hair suddenly stops growing. There is little truth to this. The hair still undergoes the same cycle, but as the whole process repeats, the texture of hair becomes finer and thinner. Every time the cycle repeats, hair follicles continue to shrink until they cannot produce hair anymore.\nChoose a suitable shampoo for your hair type. Getting a good shampoo will really help you to have a healthy head of hair, so take some time to find that matches your hair type.[10] Consider if you have fine, dry, greasy or normal hair and try a few different ones to find what works. If you have dandruff or colour your hair, get a shampoo that is specifically meant for this.[11]\nMany people who begin losing their hair early or without explanation find they have a hormonal imbalance. If you have other hormonal symptoms, look into natural supplements for hormone regulation and foods that promote healthy hormone levels.\nFor many people, losing their hair is distressing enough that they become willing to try just about any product. Sadly, there are plenty of products out there that are about as effective as snake oil in treating anything.\nIt’s common knowledge that smoking and excessive drinking can do terrible things to our bodies, but you may not have realized that these habits can affect your hair as well. There is a growing list of studies that show that smoking and drinking can be a supplemental cause of hair loss. Smoking can be an issue because it impacts the blood flow to your hair follicles, while drinking alcohol in excess can cause dehydration and nutritional deficiencies. Here are 15 wonderful things that happen to your body when you quit smoking.\nI like that this has a 60 day back guarantee. That actually makes me more inclined to try it. Not many hair loss systems or treatments offer that. I liked this review as well. Felt honest. I have been comparing a few different products on your site for a week now and I think this one is the winner for me.\nI have not tried those? Where can you get them from? No I wasn’t sponsored by Lee Stafford, it’s a genuine recommendation. It was recommended to me by a friend who swore by it for hair growth and I was pleasantly surprised to find it worked!\nEat foods that are high in protein. Increasing your protein intake will promote healthy hair growth and ensure you do not start to shed or lose your hair. Make sure your diet is a balance of meat, fish, beans, nuts, and whole grains. If you are vegetarian, ensure you get enough protein through soy based foods, beans, nuts, and grains.[13]\nYou may have to apply Rogaine twice a day on your scalp. Women may be required to use a low-strength formula to prevent unwanted side effects. Women are strictly advised against the usage of Rogaine during pregnancy.\nIt may sound the most gross trick out of the lot, but egg white and curd are known to be preventers of hair loss. Eggs are a rich source of Sulphur which is an essential nutrient for healthy and strong hair. Sulphur in eggs promotes the production of keratin and collagen that prevents dandruff.\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n“best natural hair regrowth +hair loss surgery”\nAs the only FDA-approved proven ingredient, the drug has years of research to back it up—and about 50% of women using it see improvement. “Minoxidil can enhance the size of the follicle so that it produces a bigger strand of hair,” says Wilma Bergfeld, a Cleveland Clinic dermatologist. Try Women’s Rogaine Treatment for Hair Loss & Hair Thinning Once-A-Day Minoxidil Foam ($36 for a 4-month supply, amazon.com).\n“Fully understanding everything that is awry is very important at the onset because hair cannot regrow unless the environment is perfect,” said Dr. Shani F. Francis, a board- certified dermatologist and director of the Hair Disorders Center of Excellence at NorthShore University HealthSystem in Evanston, Illinois.\nThanks for the great article. I am 24, started around age 19 after serious thinning and a lot of frontal hair loss. I\\’ve tried everything (aloe vera, different oils, onion, amla, reetha, shikakai, methi, tulsi, honey, apple cider vinegar, garlic and vitamin r capsule) but nothing is working. So I\\’ve decided to try Finasteride. Finasteride (Propecia) has made my hair loss stop completely so far. No side effects that I notice, I take half a pill every day (.5mg). My insurance didn\\’t cover Finasteride. So I got it online (thanks google). My uncle gave me this keyword * STOP99BALD * and he said just Google it. Hope this helps\nFrom what I’ve seen and read they can be quite effective–but come with several risks (scarring and unnatural-looking hairline come to mind). I haven’t dwelled much into it, but basically got FUT (follicular unit transfer), FUE (follicular unit extraction) and DHI (direct hair implant)–which is the newest, similar to FUE, most costly and provides the best results in most cases.\nI’m surprised there’s no mention of Monat, a USA based company making naturally based products that been clinically proven to regrow hair. The products contain Capixyl & Prolactin, amongst other beneficial ingredients and they are free of parabens, sulfates, harsh salt systems, phthalates, PEG, DEA/MEA, harmful colors & harmful fragrances. All products are cruelty & 100% vegan.\nAsk most men what they fear most about aging. Gaining weight? No. Bad breath? Ha. Cancer? Strong possibility. According to a study conducted by the HIS Hair Clinic based out of the U.K., it’s the frightening prospect of going bald. Well, here’s a heartbreaker gents: it’s an inevitable condition that can strike at any given moment in adulthood.\nWhy? Unwanted hair growth (sideburns, for example) is a reported side effect of minoxidil. The belief is that a higher concentration of minoxidil would result in more unwanted hair, which is why women are instructed to use it less often. However, the study in Skin Therapy Letter reports that unwanted hair was more common in 2 percent minoxidil solutions than 5 percent, and women are instructed to use Rogaine’s 2 percent solution twice daily — so what gives?\nWith 8 oz., it has a powerhouse combination of different proteins, amino acids, aloe vera, and organic jojoba oil. Its sage, ivy, and green tea extracts act as scalp and hair follicle stimulants with their soothing and healing effects.\nSide effects: Finasteride can cause erectile dysfunction and other sexual side effects, though this is unusual. If it happens to you, it will likely clear up once you stop taking finasteride. But for some men, that can take 3 months or more.\nRecent research conducted by scientists in 2015 was successful in naturally growing hair in the laboratory. This seemingly promising discovery makes us believe that we’ve finally got a natural cure for the long haunted problem.\nHannah, I enjoyed your round-up on hair loss treatments and procedures. However, I think you may have glossed over an important fact in your discussion of modern hair transplant procedures. As with any procedure, some professionals are focused on patient comfort and others less so. The same is true with hair transplantation. In your article you make a blanket statement that hair transplants are painful and expensive, when in fact this is doctor-dependent and technique dependent. Just like producing artistic results and performing minimally-invasive FUE style of hair transplants take years and years and hundreds of cases to completely master, providing a comfortable experience to patients is the same. Hair transplant newbies or part-time surgeons are less likely to understand the nuances of patient selection, hair loss management and artistic hairline design, so too will they be more likely to perform hair transplants (and even PRP) without adequate attention to patient comfort. (I’ve heard reports that some PRP docs do scalp injections without ANY anesthesia… ouch!) In our training programs, we teach our “Ouchless Protocol” for PRP and minimally-invasive FUE Hair Transplants in addition to the other detailed nuances that most newbie surgeons forget. As more and more inexperienced surgeons enter the field of hair transplants and offer PRP to meet patient demand, we are seeing a resurgence of MAJOR errors, unfortunately, and the need for corrective hair transplantation by ABHRS-certified hair transplant surgeons. Bottom line, a hair transplant does NOT need to be painful… in fact, most of our patients fly in for the procedure because they have heard correctly that our procedures are comfortable (even “Ouchless!” as well as being well-executed and delivering high-quality, natural results. For patients, we instruct them to do their due diligence and homework, read reviews, look for certifications, experience, expertise, watch videos and get long-distance consultations before choosing an FUE hair transplant doctor.\nExtract the juice of one onion by grating it and then strain it. Apply the juice directly onto the scalp. Leave it on for about 30 minutes, and then wash it off. Finally, shampoo your hair. Repeat this procedure two or three times a week for several weeks.\nProf. Christiano and team plan to expand their studies to include testing JAK inhibitors in other conditions and pattern baldness. “We expect JAK inhibitors to have widespread utility across many forms of hair loss based on their mechanism of action in both the hair follicle and immune cells,” she added.\nThere are so many things that factor into hair loss, and Viviscal combats them all. This twice-daily vitamin was rated the number-one best-selling hair-growth supplement in the U.S. (based on IRI data), and it features AminoMar, biotin, zinc, vitamin C, horsetail extract, and iron to nourish hair from the inside out and improve existing hair growth.\nJust wanted to know mam that as per your sayings at this page,i’m having green vegetables,pulses,rubbing my nails 10 mins everyday and have been also eating amla everyday.So shall i continue all these for my hair improvement?\nAs your hair continues to thin, you probably want to ask, or even scream, “Why is my hair falling out?!” It’s a very frustrating and often bewildering occurrence when the hair thins. According to Mayo Clinic, the exact cause of abnormal hair loss is not completely clear, but typically it’s related to one or more of the following: (12)\nMinoxidil (brand name Rogaine), the only FDA-approved medication for female hair loss, is available over-the-counter in 2 and 5 percent formulas. (Only the lower dose is approved for women.) Massage it into your scalp twice a day; you should notice regrowth in six months. Results last only as long as you use the medicine. ($50 for a three-month supply)\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n“hair remedies for hair growth hair loss drugs”\nOur hair is our crowning glory; if it looks good we feel good. Today, however, hair loss is a common issue both for men and women. Nearly 40 million people in the United States alone are affected by hair loss or alopecia. Alopecia can have devastating effects on one’s self esteem and confidence. Tre…\nAdipose or fat derived stem cells are usually discarded after cosmetic surgery procedures like tummy tuck or liposuction. However, quite recently, doctors have started using the Adipose stem cells from the fat and injecting them in skin and hair for rejuvenation. Tests conducted on these have shown enhanced hair growth in patients. Adipose stem cells are also available commercially and they do not require any specialized equipment or cell processing centers. A trained expert can apply these proteins into the balding areas of the scalp. The stem cell hair rejuvenation procedure also has very little downtime. This makes this hair loss cure one of the most effective cures for hair regeneration in patients who are unwilling or unsuitable for traditional surgical hair transplants.\nYou can also prepare a clarifying mask with the help of lemon and baking soda. You need to mix two tablespoons of baking soda with 3-4 drops of lemon juice. Put this mixture in ¼ cup of an organic shampoo. Shake it well and use it as your regular shampoo. For effective results, use this method once in 4 weeks.\nResults from several small studies suggest that biotin supplements may improve thinning hair and brittle nails. Less commonly known as vitamin H, biotin is part of the B complex vitamins, which help your body metabolize fats and protein. Some experts even recommend a daily supplement for everyone since it’s generally safe and pretty hard to get too much of it.\nSo it is also worth having a Lifestyle and Nutritional change in conjunction with these Shampoos you will be using and the best advise we can give is to always consult a medical professional if Hair Loss does not stop even after using these Shampoos.\nIn Indian cultures, amla or Indian gooseberry is considered as hair tonic. Amla is an antioxidant having high content of vitamin C, minerals, amino acids, flavonoid and tannins. Eating fresh or dried amla is purported to stop hair loss, reverse graying, and promote stronger and healthier growth. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, applying raw amla juice or amla powder or amla oil on to your scalp will help with dandruff and soothe irritated scalp.\nPacked with plant nutrients, an herbal hair rinse is the perfect way to nourish and condition your hair. After shampooing, I usually follow-up with an herbal infusion. My favorite is reetha-shikakai rinse. But you can create your own depending on your hair’s need. You can choose one or more of the following hair nourishing herbs: chamomile, amla, shikakai, hibiscus, rosemary, marigold, lavender, fenugreek (methi), lemon, orange, amla, sage, reetha, marshmallow, nettle and mint.\nDr. Ryan Welter, a Boston-based hair transplant surgeon, warns that hot water dehydrates hair strands, leading to dry, brittle hair that’s more prone to snap and fall out. (9) So avoid hot showers that can dehydrate hair, making it weaker and more prone to thinning. A lower temperature on hair (and skin) will help preserve moisture.\nCut your hair short. Brushing and combing your hair can put stress on your hairline. Cutting your hair short reduces the amount of time you’ll need to spend brushing your hair, thereby reducing the amount of brush-related stress.\nI highly recommend a natural shampoo and conditioner that includes biotin. Biotin is a B vitamin that helps make your hair, skin and nails stronger. According to studies, taking biotin internally can also help treat weak hair and nails. (8)\nThis cream works wonders on thin hair by depositing flexible, thickening “dots” on each strand, which increase your hair’s diameter and weight, leaving you with noticeably thicker hair and greater volume. To boost your hair even more, style it with a micro crimper. “Thin hair needs texture to give it body,” says New York City-based hairstylist Eden di Bianco, who loves the Hot Tools mico crimper. “It helps create the texture you see in the braided styles and up-dos all over Instagram and Pinterest by creating tiny little crimps in the hair—just like the 80’s, but smaller.”\nOmega-3 clings to the hair shaft and cell membranes in the scalp, where it strengthens your hair follicles and encourages growth. It also makes your hair less brittle, so strands around your hairline will be less likely to break off as they grow back.\nIf you do need to throw your hair back for some reason, there are ways to minimize the stress. Keep any ponytail, bun, or braid as loose as possible. Similarly, ponytails and buns tied below the height of your ears put less tension on your roots than high styles do.[6]\nViviscal is a natural hair-growth supplement that promotes hair growth in people with thinning hair. It contains a marine complex known as AminoMar C. This is made of minerals, vitamins, and shark and mollusk powder. These ingredients help to regenerate new cells and strengthen existing cells. You have to take the pills twice a day for at least months in order to see results. Viviscal also makes a shampoo and conditioner.\nHair and beauty go hand in hand. If you are aiming to achieve beauty you cannot afford to ignore how your hair looks or even smells. There are many hair shampoos you can find in your local cosmetic shop or supermarket. However, they don’t all work the same. There are hair shampoos that are cheap while others expensive. Compared to other shampoos in the market Ketoconazole shampoos are affordable and as you will see achieves better results. Many doctors and hair stylists out there recommend Ketoconazole containing shampoos because of the many health benefits they contain in addition to making your hair beautiful. If you are looking to buy shampoo for your hair this is why you should consider getting Ketoconazole shampoo.\nJust recently one day I woke up and I noticed that there was a small patch of hair missing it messured about 1 1/2 inch on the left side of my hair, I haven’t been taking any pills or any shampoo, I just turned 31 in January what can it be? and how can I cure it?\nBefore we dive deeper into giving you the best Laser Combs and Helmets you can use at home, please watch this Video from the Popular TV Show, The Doctors which explains this breakthrough Technology which is helping thousands of Men and Women cope with Hair Loss or Baldness and regain that Healthy Longer Hair you they always wanted for. Watch this:\nAndrogenetic alopecia-This is the most common type of hair loss which is attributed to DHT. DHT stands for dihydrotestosterone. Basically, testosterone is the male hormone which is responsible for deep voice, strong muscles and genital structures that characterize men. Testosterone hormone acts on these tissues directly but on the scalp it causes a negative impact, especially on the hair follicles. Here, it gets converted into DHT that leads to hair loss. DHT builds up from stress and several other factors like improper diet, age, hormones etc. In women too, androgenetic hair loss can be blamed on DHT. Women undergo many hormonal changes during their lifetime specifically at puberty, childbirth and again during menopause. These changes wreak havoc on the skin and hair.\nIt is important to keep blood and oxygen flowing to all parts of the body. However, many people with bad circulation find that their scalp cells die, which means that hair will stop growing. Therefore, it is important to stimulate your blood circulation and maintain proper levels of iron in your body. Iron deficiency is called anemia, and without iron, you are unable to produce red blood cells. Along with iron, it is important to stimulate the surface of the skin itself, which draws blood to the area and stimulates hair growth and life in the follicle cells. Scalp massage is one of the best ways to create this beneficial blood flow. However, if your hair loss tends to come in clumps when it is rubbed (with a brush or while shampooing your hair), you might not want to massage too often, since it will only exacerbate the hair loss.\nThe fact is: there is help available, be it in the form of expensive hair restoration procedures or home remedies with herbal oils. Once you have chosen a hair loss cure that works and shows promising results-you must stick to it. Then, you can go out and live your life with confidence!\nCoconut oil is one of the natural remedies for treating baldness. Simply dab some coconut oil on your head and massage it gently. Coconut oil stimulates hair follicles. Leave coconut oil overnight on the head and wash it off in the morning.\nBut as always, there are a lot of crazy methods too. And one of this is using Urine and Excrements of Farm Animals to treat hair loss. Not everyone could enjoy the idea of eating or drinking a glass of this stuff. However, there are some men living in Agra, India firmly believes that this can greatly help them prevent their Thinning Locks.\nIn men, at least, baldness and thinning hair may occur because they inherited hair follicles that are over-sensitive to something called dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone that’s converted to DHT will shrink hair follicles.\nThis may sound crazy, but other hair loss treatments follow a similar logic. Ingredients such as peppermint oil are included in highly concentrated oils under the pretense they stimulate the follicles.\nWhile you may initially cringe at the idea of applying onion juice to your scalp – or any of your skin for that matter – consider that it is one of the best natural remedies for combating hair loss. Onions are packed full of sulfur which stimulates the production of collagen in your skin. Lack of collagen is one of the biggest causes of thinning hair, so think twice before you turn down this revitalizing albeit pungent scalp treatment. Check out this blog for a couple of excellent recipes.\nI take a multivitamin, silica, liquid collagen, and omega’s daily. Also, I use Wen (fig). Its important to use the fig no other Wen. I do a weekly scalp massage. I mix bragg apple cider vinegar, coconut oil, jamaican black castor oil, avocado oil, macadamia oil, neem oil, sweet almond oil and raw honey along with other essential oils. After rinsing my hair i towel dry and massage the mixture into my scalp. I put on a plastic cap and then wrap a towel around it. Leave ut on atleast 20 minutes. Hop in the shower and massage scalp again before rinsing thoroughly and washing with Wen. Be sure to use a good ketatin based leave in treatment daily and apy argan oil only on the ends.\nThinning Hair could have a frustrating impact not just for men but also for women. Unfortunately, this could be a sign of Aging and could affect your Self-esteem too. Relax. From Hair Thatching Treatments to creams, there is a wide range option which claims to prevent Hair Loss.\nAccording to the American Hair Loss Association, two-thirds of American men will experience some degree of appreciable hair loss by the age of 35. By the age of 50, the number of men with “significantly” thinning hair shoots up to a staggering 85 percent. Women hardly have it any better. Though pop culture tends to associate hair loss with men (Julius Caesar’s hairline-hiding laurels, George Costanza’s shiny dome), women actually account for up to 40 percent of the total hair loss sufferers in the United States.\nWhat to do: For healthy locks find time to relax. Engage yourself in stress-busting activities like yoga, walking in nature, gardening, meditation. You can also talk to a friend, family or seek professional support.\n3) Vitamin E – Vitamin E invigorates dissemination. Great blood flow in the scalp is essential in keeping hair follicles profitable. The “B” vitamins add to melanin, which gives hair its sound shading furthermore empowers blood flow;\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n” -hair treatment for hair loss for females”\nI have lost one third of my hair in the past 20 days. This got me worried and crying to at times :p l am greatful to come across this site. your story has given me optimism that I will regain my hair and will be able to stop the hair fall too.\nIt’s also important to consult with a physician or healthcare provider before using products that contain Minoxidil, especially if there is a history of medical illnesses, such as allergic reactions to Minoxidil, heart, kidney, liver or scalp disease.\nBuild noticeably fuller hair with this protein-rich volumizing shampoo. And while you’re at it, get a trim. According to Di Bianco, your actual cut is just as important as the products you use. If your hair is long but the ends are thin, you are fooling no one into thinking you have more hair than you do by keeping those stragglers on the bottom. Let them go and embrace a slightly shorter ‘do. “A well maintained, blunted edge will help maintain the weight at the ends and make your hair look fuller and healthier,” she says.\nHealth problems that can cause hair thinning include thyroid problems (both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism), PCOS, lupus, certain types of cancer, pituitary gland diseases, heavy metal poisoning, HIV and other chronic medical illnesses. (14)\n3) Vitamin E – Vitamin E invigorates dissemination. Great blood flow in the scalp is essential in keeping hair follicles profitable. The “B” vitamins add to melanin, which gives hair its sound shading furthermore empowers blood flow;\nComb instead of brushing. Brushing your hair tends to pull more of it out, especially when you brush your hair while it’s wet. The gentlest way to get the tangles out is by using a wide-tooth comb. Start near the tips of your hair, combing out the tangles at the bottom first, and work your way up to the roots.\n1. In this first Video, you will learn how to use normal shampoo and plus very familiar ingredients which you can find in your grocery stores, Regular Shampoo, Rosemary Oils and Lemon. Please watch the video below. Credit to the owner everyday culture.\nim 17 year old !!! and my hairs are very thin and slimy ____ is thin hairs is the beginnning of hair lossss ))))) if its than please give me some suggestions to make my hairs thicker , larger , stronger and good ++++++++++++\nAvoiding hair washing will not stop hair loss. It’s part of the cycle. Hair loss is not the problem, but excessive hair loss is alarming. You have to know the main causes of extreme hair loss, which are the possibilities mentioned a while ago. The earlier you detect the culprit, the sooner you can identify the problem and find the best hair growth products to slow down and reverse hair loss.\nMake sure you get enough protein by eating lean meat (such as chicken or turkey), low-fat dairy products, and protein-rich vegetables (such as beans). Hair is made of a protein molecule called keratin and thus, proper dietary protein is needed to nourish hair.[19]\nFollicular unit transplant (FUT) is the traditional hair transplant method which involves extracting a linear strip of hair bearing skin from the back or the side of the scalp. The strip is then dissected to separate individual grafts.\nCaffeine compounds stimulate more hair growth, reduce the amount of hair loss, and prevents the negative effects testosterone has on skin and hair follicles. Caffeine also extends the life span of hair follicles.\nMiracles rarely come without some caveats though. The drugs likely worked to reverse hair loss because of their immunosuppressive effects on the body, with both drugs belonging to a new class of drugs known as JAK inhibitors. At the time, neither Rhodes nor the patients in the Nature study reported any adverse effects, but it’s known that sustained use of these sorts of drugs can have severe drawbacks like an increased risk of infection — as anyone who has undergone chemotherapy can attest to.\nPrepare the needed ingredients namely ½ glass beer, one tablespoon of Honey, ½ Banana, and one Egg Yolk. Take them all in one bowl and mix them well. Thoroughly blend them until you’ve got that thick and Homogenous Paste.\nBut as always, there are a lot of crazy methods too. And one of this is using Urine and Excrements of Farm Animals to treat hair loss. Not everyone could enjoy the idea of eating or drinking a glass of this stuff. However, there are some men living in Agra, India firmly believes that this can greatly help them prevent their Thinning Locks.\nThe 8 oz set of Dermachange Hair Growth natural and organic shampoo and conditioner is formulated with raw organic manuka honey, vitamins, coconut extracts, and essentials for hair growth. It will help prevent hair loss, grow hair faster, increase volume, and even help with dermatitis and scalp psoriasis. It will also leave your hair soft, silky, and shiny after use, while restoring amino acids and proteins to your hair to repair fibers. It restores natural moisture, treats split ends, and has humectant molecules that draw moisture directly into your hair fibers. The shampoo can lather up well, even though it has a thin consistency. It is sulfate free, paraben free, PH balanced, and contains added protein for strength. It works effectively at repairing the hair without stripping it, drying it, or adding harsh chemicals to it.\nPosted on February 28, 2019\n“hair regrowth treatment at home best natural treatment for hair loss”\nIf you were to check your spam inbox right now, you’d probably find — among the fishy links and generous offers from Nigerian princes — at least a dozen offers for the best hair loss treatments money can buy. There’s a reason these offers tend to get clicks: A lot of people are losing their hair.\n“In the late 1980s, the standard of care was to take large grafts, plugs of 12 to 20 hairs, and implant them,” he says. “It would give either a very good or acceptable result. But some men, as they got older and lost some more hair, they got that doll’s-hair or corn-row phenomenon: Little poles of hair jutting out.”\ntake amla ,reetha n meethi powder n soak it overnght n water,in morning wash ur hairs with this water.do it thrice in a week.STOP USING SHAMPOO for a while…for cleaning ur hair add shikakai powder or wash with besan powder.control ur diet dont eat junk food,oily food.eat as much of green vegetable,drink juices…..THIS IS VERY USEFUL REMEDY…but needs PATIENCE…..u wil see result in 15 days…..continue till 3 month….\nWhat minoxidil does is it stimulates your hair follicles to grow anywhere you apply it on your body. It works by widening blood vessels, allowing more oxygen, nutrients, and blood to the follicle. However, it does nothing to prevent the DHT from shrinking your hair follicles.\nThis product contains Biotin, which strengthens your existing Hair, Niacin, which increases circulation to your Hair Follicles, Saw Palmetto, which may help block the biochemical pathway that causes hair loss, Argan Oil, B Vitamins, and more.\nFoods like bananas are a good idea to eat while suffering from hair loss. In the same way as safflower, potassium is a very powerful vasodilator and can seriously improve the circulation of blood at the scalp cells. It also helps to manage fluid balance in the body, which keeps the cells properly maintained, thereby preventing follicle malfunction.\nThe general medical consensus around laser treatments — caps and combs alike — is that low-level laser light therapy stimulates the cells within the hair follicle. These devices may also increase cell metabolism to promote thicker and more durable hair shafts, something that neither minoxidil or finasteride can do. To use the HairMax Ultima, all you have to do is glide the device over your scalp slowly. Treatments should take about eight minutes, and you should do it three days per week for the best results.\nI’m Anand 24years old.last 5years I have dandruff prlm.last one year My hair is falling everyday due to dandruff res.my i use onion juice 2times per week.but it’s not work.i want to clean dandruff and i want hair growth.pls tell the best way to sole this prlm.\nLike with mousse, those with skimpy strands often avoid using conditioner because they believe it’s too dense and heavy. And while this may be true of some ultra-moisturizing conditioners, Samy’s “0” Calories Thickening Conditioner is specially formulated to be completely weightless, and features a blend of natural proteins that work to penetrate hair strands and increase their diameter.\nWhat is great about stem cell therapy is that it does not require any surgery. That spells no pain for the user. Also, it works faster than using most shampoos and hair loss treatments. Once hair regrows, normal hair care practices and nourishment are continued. It is claimed that once hair grows back, you will experience baldness again.\nStart with head massage and wash your hair using reetha, shikakai shampoo. You can use this oil blend for head massage: almond oil, castor oil, sunflower oil and neem oil – take in equal quantities. You can also add a few drops of khus oil.\nSOURCES: George Cotsarelis, MD, director, Hair and Scalp Clinic, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Andrew Kaufman, MD, assistant professor, department of dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles; medical director, Center for Dermatology Care, Thousand Oaks, Calif. Tom Barrows, PhD, director of product development, Aderans Research Institute Inc., Atlanta. Cotsarelis, G. and Millar, S.E. Trends in Molecular Medicine, July 2001; vol 7: pp 293-301. American Society for Dermatologic Surgery web site. American Academy of Facial and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery web site. American Hair Loss Council web site. Springer, K. American Family Physician, July 1, 2003; vol 68: pp 93-102. Hair Loss Help web site, “Interview with Dr. Ken Washenik from Bosley.” Fuchs, E. Developmental Cell, July 2001: vol 1: pp 13-25.\nPosted on February 27, 2019\n“hair falling out best hair treatment for hair loss”\nJust as there are many causes, there are many treatments for hair loss. Dermatologists recommend treating hair loss early. Early means before you lose a lot of hair. Hair loss is harder to treat when a person has a lot of hair loss.\nConsuming omega fatty acids can help to improve your hair from the inside, since they are filled with nutrients and proteins. Taking an omega supplement along with antioxidants helps to improve hair density and diameter. It also reduces hair loss. Omega fatty acids help your cells to work correctly

athletes foot causes | foot fungal infection – Best Skin Care\nSkip to content\nBest Skin Care\nFind Skin Care Trusted By Doctors\nPosted on October 22, 2018 by skinguy\nathletes foot causes | foot fungal infection\nBacterial accumulation can lead to serious conditions as the runner ages. Any human, not only runners need to be keen about their feet care. One of the ways of caring for the feet is using a good foot cream. The cream is mostly applied after the user has washed the feet, during his relaxation time, and dried the feet then it is when the application is done. A good foot cream for a runner should allowance of good blood circulation and aeration. A good feet cream should also prevent chances of the runner’s feet getting bad odor. In the market today, the feet creams are designed for different types of feet creams. It now depends on the problem of the athlete. The best foot cream is which helps a user to fulfill his desired feet goals.\nSymptoms & Signs Rogawansamy, S., Gaskin, S., Taylor, M., & Pisaniello, D. (2015, June 2). An evaluation of antifungal agents for the treatment of fungal contamination in indoor air environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(6), 6319–6332. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4483703/\nNo links available What is a Podiatrist? You can get athlete’s foot by touching someone’s infected skin or through contact with an infected surface (like a shower floor or towel).\nItem Number (DPCI): 245-06-0018 P – R Advertise with Us Accessibility The Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists and The College of Podiatry uses cookies on this website. They help us to know a little about you and how you use our website, which improves the browsing experience and marketing – both for you and for others. They are stored locally on your computer or mobile device. If you accept cookies you will be able to continue browsing as normal or alternatively access the cookies policy for more information and preferences. You may choose to not accept the use of cookies from this website, however the website may not function correctly.\nHow can I prevent future athlete’s foot infections? Dermatology Daily Athlete’s foot is a contagious fungal infection. It’s caused by a certain kind of fungus that loves warm, moist conditions (like in your boots or shoes).\nContagious skin diseases TUC Women’s Conference 2018 Table of Contents Gear Deals\nMedscape France 1. Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) These infections are caused by several types of mold-like fungi called dermatophytes (pronounced: der-MAH-tuh-fites) that live on the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails.\nQ. what are the causes of foot problems? During a skin biopsy, a piece of skin is removed under a local anesthesia and examined using a microscope. There are different types of skin biopsy:\nHelps with the prevention of future infections\nAthlete’s Foot Symptoms and Signs Images Donate ·Wear flip-flops in the bathroom and in public showers. This will ensure that you don’t leave shed skin around for others to pick up, but will also stop you picking up other species of fungus.\nNotice of Privacy Practices 9 Reasons Your Feet Are Swollen Q. Does the cost determine its effectiveness?\n4 Simple Steps to a Joy-Filled Life Upload file Less frequently, this infection may involve painful blistering lesions.\nCompliance Immunotherapy for Cancer Helps with the prevention of future infections FIND A FREE SPOTme® SKIN CANCER SCREENING\n2019 Annual Meeting ADHD Symptoms in Children? Diagnosis & treatment V Derman Antifungal Cream NHS.uk, 10 tips on foot care, Health Information Website,\nBody, Facial, & Dental Hygiene Annabelle Ewing MSP supports Foot Health Month in Fife Baking soda may have antifungal properties and could be used in a foot soak.\nNew Podiatry Outreach Officer Belts 1 out of 5 stars Weekly Ad Foot Health Awareness Month CDC A-Z Index Body skin fungus (tinea corporis) A\nOrthopaedic Foot & Ankle Foundation Is sleeping with socks on good for you? Are there benefits to sleeping with socks on? Are there risks? Read on to find out the science behind why socks at bedtime might be good for you. Read now\nSend Part 2: Origin Athlete’s foot is a skin infection caused by fungus. A fungal infection may occur on any part of the body; on the foot, it is called athlete’s foot, or tinea pedis. Fungus commonly attacks the feet because it thrives in a dark, moist and warm environment, such as a shoe.\nIf you plan to see your physician for diagnosis and treatment of your athlete’s foot, it would be desirable to stop using any antifungal medication for at least two weeks as it could inhibit an accurate diagnosis.\nHair care / hair loss The College of Podiatry joins leading health organisations in letter to Education Secretary Diabetes UK is looking for podiatrists to become Clinical Champions\nFungal nails. Prescribed oral medications from your GP or podiatrist can be used for fungal nails. These usually takes between three and six months to get rid of the infection but can take longer. Alternatively, over-the-counter remedies such as anti-fungal nail lacquer can be used. These can take up to a year or more to work as it takes this long for a nail to grow out fully.\nAAD logo the area between the toes tends to be especially damp and warm See Symptoms The main offender of foot problems is ill-fitting shoes. Women tend to wear tight or narrow shoes and end up having the most foot issues. Injury, including overuse injury, can cause foot problems as well.\nShop for hydrogen peroxide See Prevention This cream should be applied daily for 4 weeks and if you noticed any signs of a fungal reinfection it should be applied immediately. When it is applied as directed you will not only remove the fungal infection, but you will be helping prevent any fungus from reentering the skin.\nAthlete’s foot is closely related to other fungal infections such as ringworm and jock itch. It can be treated with over-the-counter antifungal medications, but the infection often recurs. Prescription medications also are available.\nIf you want to buy any of the home remedies listed in this article, then they are available online. Psoriatic Arthritis\nBerry, J. (2017, September 29). “Five home remedies for athlete’s foot.” Medical News Today. Retrieved from Berry, J. (2017, September 29). “Five home remedies for athlete’s foot.” Medical News Today. Retrieved from\nT The World’s No. 1 Killer Canesten Family Care Anti-Fungal Cream Fungal Infections: Fungus Among Us Water Fluoridation Copyright\nAthlete’s Foot Myths and Facts State Advocacy Grant 8 diseases you can catch from ticks. How Is Athlete’s Foot Diagnosed?\nBethesda, MD 20814-1621 College of Podiatry in the media Education Food & Fitness Diabetic Foot App AAD CME Award Van Scott Award and Frost Lectureship\nCopyright © 2018 American Podiatric Medical Association Vitamins & Supplements Spider Bites: What You Need to Know\nLong Sleeve Shirts 8 Sep. 2018. If fungi do not have an ideal environment to live in, they cannot continue to grow and thrive. Getting rid of moisture from the feet, especially between the toes, can help keep the fungus from spreading and getting worse.\nLegislative Conference No The powerful compounds in garlic can leave a lasting garlic smell on the skin, however.\nathlete’s foot symptoms | athlete’s foot fungal athlete’s foot symptoms | athlete’s foot fungus athlete’s foot symptoms | athlete’s foot hand\nLegal | Sitemap\nCategoriesEnglish Tagsathlete's foot hand, best thing for athlete's foot\n17 Replies to “athletes foot causes | foot fungal infection”\nRon Leach says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nAn athlete should buy his or shoes from a good stall with experienced staff to help the athlete in choosing the right shoes.\nFind Lowest Drug Prices\nFacebook\nSafe & Healthy Diapering in the Home\nResidents and Fellows Resource Center\nReply\nBrad Ross says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nWebMD Mobile\nPublic and patients\nGet Proven Relief With LamisilAT®\nPrivacy Policy\nSign In\nAthlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis) (Logical Images)\nPain Management\nStart Now\nSummary\nReply\nCharlene George says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nFind A Doctor\nThe end of the leg on which a person normally stands and walks. See a picture of Foot Anatomy Detail and learn more about the health topic.\nMicrosoft Word file\nCopyright © 2018 American Podiatric Medical Association\nRockay Socks + Flipbelt\nReply\nPenny Benton says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nThe application of this products varies based on the type of fungal infection you have. Helps prevent any reinfections of fungus when applied as the directions state.\n1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30329-4027 USA\nLamisilAT Antifungal Relief Cream is proven to cure most athlete’s foot with one week of treatment.* Prescription strength LamisilAT relieves your symptoms and kills the fungus that causes athlete’s foot. Athlete’s foot is a contagious fungal infection. It is caused by a certain kind of fungi that love warm, moist conditions (like in your boots or shoes). Athlete’s foot causes itchy, dry, cracking skin on the foot (but symptoms vary). Athlete’s foot affects 1 in 5 people. Athlete’s foot can be cured with antifungal treatments like LamisilAT Antifungal Relief Cream. Everyone is susceptible to athlete’s foot, not just athletes. LamisilAT is proven to cure most athlete’s foot between the toes with 1 week of treatment.*\nPrivacy Policy & Terms of Use\nReply\nColeen Rosa says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nProfessional Services\nRingworm Slideshow\nColor problems\nthe area between the toes tends to be especially damp and warm\nDrinking Water\nReturn to Main Page.\nEspañol\nReply\nDavid Wilkinson says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nOne should see the doctor in case of notice of any of these signs\nCosmetic treatments\nWear sandals in public locker rooms and swimming areas.\n8 Sep. 2018. < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319563.php>\nYour nails. The fungi associated with athlete’s foot can also infect your toenails, a location that tends to be more resistant to treatment.\nClick to find out if the statement below is true or false.\nReply\nCody Vaughan says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nWhat Is Athlete’s Foot?\nEnglishEspañol\nIllnesses & Injuries\nHealth Topics →\nInternational World Foot Health Awareness month\nAction Center\nThoroughly clean home showers and floors where family members walk barefooted to avoid spreading the fungus.\nReply\nCarole Carey says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nCategoriesTarget Findsclothingshoesaccessoriesbabyhomekitchen & diningfurniturepatio & gardenelectronicsmovies, music & booksvideo gamestoyssports & outdoorsluggageschool & office suppliesbeautypersonal carehealthfood & beveragehousehold essentialspetsparty suppliesclearancetop dealsgift findergift cardsholiday shop\nThis anti-fungal balm is on the higher end of the price spectrum. However, it is very well worth it as it helps not only remove the athlete’s foot, causing fungus, but it also helps avoid any future infections.\nExpert Blog Dangers After Childbirth — What to Watch For\nHow Is Athlete’s Foot Diagnosed?\nAging Well\nUrgo Foundation Award videos\nParenting Guide\nReply\nBridgett Hendrix says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nBackpacks & Vests\nArticle last reviewed by Fri 29 September 2017.\nReply\nMichael Maxwell says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nInformación en Español\nJump to navigationJump to search\nOther Uses of Water\nHere’s what you need to know about athlete’s foot:\nAll references are available in the References tab.\nMeet with your congressional district office\nCME transcript\nAfs\nAppointments\nReply\nPeter Vazquez says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nWear socks made of natural fabrics or fabrics that dry quickly or wick moisture away from the skin. Also, be sure to change your socks every day and more often when your socks get wet.\nAdvertising contacts\nLiving With AFib\nyes (0)/ no (0)/ report\nshow more\nIt is important to get a new pair of shoes as the athlete graces with age. This is because the feet tend to prolong to the front as one gets older making the shoe smaller and uncomfortable for use. A shoe as well can contribute to a lot of complications and problems to the feet. Untidy and uncomfortable shoes are already complications to the feet. To avoid feet problems, one should also emphasize on having proper feet wear, that includes the socks and shoes.\nReply\nGlen Hendrix says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nAssessment Get Help for Migraine Relief\nHead lice\nNewsroom\nAthlete’s foot (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish\nAdvertising contacts\nMentoring\nShingles\nAthlete’s foot may spread in pool areas and locker rooms.\nReply\nPearl Richards says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nNewsroom\nReference\nTaking Care of Your Skin\nItchy skin\nMicrosoft Word file\nMoisturizing dry and itchy skin with a particular type of foot cream called an emollient can help fix cracking and peeling skin as well protect skin from losing hydration. There are also heel creams that help soften tough, thick areas on the foot like the heel. To remove hard skin or a callus from your foot, try using a pumice stone or a fine grit foot file.\nMember resources\n#2: Only athletes get athlete’s foot.\nReply\nKarl Stein says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nHealth Volunteers Overseas Grant\nGet Involved\nCoupon\nHome\nC\nFacebook Live Roundtable discussion\nU.S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health\nRaising Fit Kids\n4 out of 5 stars\nPeople, Places & Things That Help\nReply\nDavid Burch says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nRunning Clothes\nCommon places for athlete’s foot fungus to live are pool areas, public bathrooms, and locker rooms.\nHealth, Safety and Wellbeing Survey\nExplore Mayo Clinic’s many resources and see jobs available for medical professionals. Get updates..\nSafe & Healthy Diapering in the Home\nHIT\nHelp us improve this page\nChanging socks at least once a day when feet feel sweaty or damp is also helpful. Or, in warmer weather, wear open shoes or sandals to increase airflow to the feet.\nThe follow are simple procedures and steps to keep your athletic feet happy.\nEyesight\nChange socks regularly. If your feet get very sweaty, change your socks twice a day.\nReply\nMartina Dixon says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nPsoriasis Medical Images\nAdvertisers\nFungus Infections: Preventing Recurrence (American Osteopathic College of Dermatology)\nReply\nDonald Donaldson says:\nOctober 22, 2018 at 11:13 am\nDiabetes UK is looking for podiatrists to become Clinical Champions\nRunnerclick.com is part of a media company that also runs Nicershoes.com, GearWeAre and a gear site called TheGearHunt\nView more\nNew Podiatry Outreach Officer\nLanguages\nReply\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nYour email address will not be published. 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2019-04-20T02:19:29Z

"http://bestskincare101.com/2018/10/22/athletes-foot-causes-foot-fungal-infection/"

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Achilles Tendinitis | Causes and treatment options | MyFootShop.com\nCall us Toll-Free: 1-888-859-8901\nMy account\nLogin\nRegister\n- or -\nLogin using Facebook account\nLogin using Google account\nLogin using LinkedIn account\nLogin using Microsoft account\nWishlist (0)\nSelf-Diagnosis System\nMy Cart (0) Sub-Total: $0.00\nYou have no items in your shopping cart.\nMenu\nPersonal menu\nMy account\nFilters\nSearch\nClose\nShop\nInsoles-arch supports\nCarbon graphite\nCasual\nDress\nLateral wedge\nPediatric\nSports\nToe Products\nBroken toe products\nCorn pads\nHammer toe pads\nToe caps, bandages, sleeves\nToe separators\nToe straighteners/splints\nForefoot Products\nBunion products\nBall-of-foot pads\nDancer's pads\nMetatarsal pads\nMisc. forefoot\nMidfoot/Arch Products\nArch binders\nArch cookies\nArch pads\nHeel Products\nHeel cushions\nHeel lifts\nHeel wedges\nNight Splints\nPlantar fasciitis\nAnkle Products\nAnkle support-edema\nAnkle support-instability\nAnkle support-sports\nSkin Care Products\nSoaking Salts\nWarts\nAll-natural\nAntifungal\nCracked Heels\nCreams/Ointments/Lotions\nDiabetic-safe\nFoot odor\nPedicure\nSweaty feet\nLeg/Cast Products\nCast and trauma care\nCompression hosiery and stockings\nPhysical therapy\nNail Care Products\nAntifungal nail\nIngrown toe nail\nPedicure/Manicure\nToe nail injury\nShoe Accessories\nPain Management-Topical Analgesic Agents\nGift Cards\n+ guided shopping\nBlog\nContact\nSubscribe\nMenu\nShop\nback\nInsoles-arch supports\nback\nCarbon graphite\nCasual\nDress\nLateral wedge\nPediatric\nSports\nToe Products\nback\nBroken toe products\nCorn pads\nHammer toe pads\nToe caps, bandages, sleeves\nToe separators\nToe straighteners/splints\nForefoot Products\nback\nBunion products\nBall-of-foot pads\nDancer's pads\nMetatarsal pads\nMisc. forefoot\nMidfoot/Arch Products\nback\nArch binders\nArch cookies\nArch pads\nHeel Products\nback\nHeel cushions\nHeel lifts\nHeel wedges\nNight Splints\nPlantar fasciitis\nAnkle Products\nback\nAnkle support-edema\nAnkle support-instability\nAnkle support-sports\nSkin Care Products\nback\nSoaking Salts\nWarts\nAll-natural\nAntifungal\nCracked Heels\nCreams/Ointments/Lotions\nDiabetic-safe\nFoot odor\nPedicure\nSweaty feet\nLeg/Cast Products\nback\nCast and trauma care\nCompression hosiery and stockings\nPhysical therapy\nNail Care Products\nback\nAntifungal nail\nIngrown toe nail\nPedicure/Manicure\nToe nail injury\nShoe Accessories\nPain Management-Topical Analgesic Agents\nGift Cards\n+ guided shopping\nBlog\nContact\nSubscribe\n+ guided shopping\nKNOWLEDGEBASE\nToes Forefoot Midfoot/Arch Rearfoot/Heel Ankle Leg Skin/Nail Other\nANATOMY\nSpacial Orientation Topography Osteology Angiology Neurology Myology Radiology Misc. Drawings Clinical Testing\nKnowledgebase /\nRearfoot/Heel /\nAchilles Tendonitis\nJeffrey A. Oster, D.P.M. reference presentation true The Myfootshop.com Foot and Ankle Knowledgebase Myfootshop.com, L.L.C. Myfootshop.com, L.L.C. Myfootshop.com, L.L.C. 2000 http://www.myfootshop.com/about http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/deed.en_US en-US Achilles Tendinitis | Causes and treatment options Achilles heel,Achilles tendon support strap,brace for Achilles tendonitis,pulled Achilles tendon,what is Achilles tendonitis,Achilles tendon pain relief,treatment for Achilles tendonitis,Achilles tendonitis,Achilles tendinitis,insertional Achilles tendonitis,retrocalcaneal heel pain,Achilles tendon pain,information for patients with Achilles tendonitis,achilles tendonitis symptoms,heel pain Learn about the symptoms and treatment recommendations for acute and chronic Achilles tendonitis - part of the Myfootshop.com Foot and Ankle Knowledge Base. www.myfootshop.com/achilles-tendonitis https://www.myfootshop.com/images/thumbs/0001299_achilles-tendonitis_200.jpeg https://www.myfootshop.com/images/thumbs/0001299_achilles-tendonitis_200.jpeg\nBuy products for this condition!\nAchilles Tendonitis\n-Friday, 07 December 2018\nSummary\nSymptoms\nRead More\nTreatment Guide\nSummary\nAchilles tendinitis describes an inflammatory change of the Achilles tendon without a tear of the tendon. Achilles tendinitis may be acute or chronic. The onset of pain is usually unilateral but may be found bilaterally. Achilles tendinitis is common in the third or fourth decade of life in patients who are active in sports or in jobs that require physical labor. Pain is described at the insertion of the tendon in the heel bone or in the body of the tendon.\nSymptoms\nPain at the onset of the activity\nPain partially subsides with activity\nPain reoccurs with increased duration of time spent on the feet\nPain relieved with rest\nNo redness, bruising found\nSwelling may be found on the posterior heel at the insertion of the tendon or 2-3 cm proximal within the body of the tendon\nDescription\nThe Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body. The primary function of the Achilles tendon is to transmit the power of the calf to the foot, enabling walking and running. Achilles tendinitis (may also be spelled tendonitis) describes the inflammatory changes found at the insertion of the Achilles tendon into the back of the heel or within the body of the Achilles tendon. Achilles tendinitis is also called Albert's Disease or Achilles tendonitis.\nAchilles tendinitis can be broken into the categories of acute and chronic. The symptoms of acute Achilles tendinitis may come and go based upon your level of activity. Chronic Achilles tendinitis, which often follows a period of acute tendinitis, is characterized by chronic pain daily at the back of the heel. Chronic Achilles tendinitis may also present with hypertrophy (enlargement) of the posterior heel. The amount of hypertrophy is often directly proportional to the duration of chronic Achilles tendinitis. Spurring from the heel bone into the Achilles tendon is often seen on x-ray and is the major reason for hypertrophy of the heel. Spurring is a natural response by the bone as it attempts to prevent avulsion of the tendon. The Phillip-Fowler angle is used to describe the increase in the size of the heel on a lateral x-ray of the heel.\nCauses and contributing factors\nAchilles tendinitis is primarily a mechanical problem that is the result of excessive pull by the tendon on the posterior heel. Wearing low-heeled shoes or going barefoot for an extended period of time may increase the tension within the Achilles tendon. Additional contributing factors include direct injury to the tendon or posterior heel, increasing age, and poor nutritional status. Connective tissue disorders such as fibromyalgia and arthritis may make some individuals more susceptible to Achilles tendinitis.\nDifferential diagnosis\nThe differential diagnosis for Achilles tendinitis includes:\nArthritis\nGout\nHaglund's deformity (pump bump)\nReiter's syndrome\nRetro-calcaneal bursitis\nSever's disease\nTreatment\nThe symptoms of acute and chronic Achilles tendinitis can be significantly influenced by how close or how far the heel is to the ground. Wearing a slight heel lift (1/4\") or shoe with an elevated heel can have a significant impact on the symptoms of Achilles tendinitis. Ice before and after activities may help. Aspirin, Tylenol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAID's) or oral steroids are commonly used to treat the symptoms. Injectable steroids are not commonly used in cases of Achilles tendinitis. Injectable steroids may weaken the Achilles tendon and contribute to a tear in the tendon.\nRemember, Achilles tendinitis is a mechanical condition and will not respond to use of anti-inflammatories by themselves. Changing the mechanical properties of the heel with a heel lift or elevated heel on a shoe is essential for successful treatment.\nIn cases of chronic Achilles tendinitis, patients who do not respond to heel lifts and anti-inflammatory medications require a lengthening procedure of the Achilles tendon with or without a partial resection of the posterior heel. In cases with minimal hypertrophy of the heel, lengthening of the tendon will suffice. Lengthening of the Achilles tendon may be performed through three 0.5cm incisions but does require a period of casting. Full recovery may take 6-18 months. Endoscopic techniques are also available in a limited number of cases, correcting equinus with a procedure called an endoscopic gastrocnemius recession.\nCases of insertional Achilles tendinitis that fail to respond to conservative care will require partial resection of the posterior heel and lengthening of the Achilles tendon. The following images show a Z-plasty lengthening of the Achilles tendon and resection of the posterior heel with a mallet and osteotome. A bone anchor with attached suture is placed in the posterior heel to affix the Achilles tendon. This procedure is performed in a hospital or outpatient surgery center and is typically performed under a general anesthetic. Casting for 6-8 weeks following the procedure is required.\nAnother method of treating chronic Achilles tendinitis (tendonosis) is called Topaz Radiofrequency Ablation. Topaz is used to stimulate an acute inflammatory reaction within the tendon. The inflammatory reaction attracts cellular and chemical mediators of inflammation and is assumed to jump-start the natural healing process. Topaz surgery uses a grid of small holes that are placed in the tendon using a radiofrequency wand. The depths of the holes are varied. The indications for Topaz surgery include those individuals who are interested in an ambulatory solution for Achilles tendonosis or who may have co-morbidities that preclude them from having an Achilles tendon lengthening.\nWhen to contact your doctor\nAcute Achilles tendinitis will respond to conservative care measures described in this article within several weeks. If pain fails to respond to care, contact your podiatrist, orthopedist or family doctor for additional treatment recommendations. Chronic Achilles tendinitis should be evaluated by your podiatrist or orthopedist.\nReferences\nReferences are pending.\nAuthors\nThis article was written by Myfootshop.com chief medical officer, Jeffrey A. Oster, DPM.\nCompeting Interests -None\nCite this article as - Oster, Jeffrey. Achilles tendonitis. http://www.myfootshop.com/article/achilles-tendonitis\nMost recent article update - December 8, 2018.\nAchilles Tendonitis by Myfootshop.com is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License.\nInternal reference only: ZoneP1, ZoneL4, ZoneM1, ZoneR1\nCalf stretches for Achilles Tendonitis\nTags:\nachilles tendonitis\n,\nankle pain\n,\ntendon problems\nRecommended Products\nAchilles Tendon Support by Pro-Tec\nThe Achilles Tendon Support is a simple strap that wraps around the ankle, gently compressing the Achilles tendon and offering chronic tendonitis pain relief for sports and daily activities. Wear with or without shoes. By Pro-Tec. 1/pkg.\n$23.95 $4.00\nAdjust-a-Heel Lift\nThe Adjust-a-Heel Lift offers firm, adjustable pain relief for plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinitis, and leg length discrepancy. Simply peel away for your desired height. Universal right/left. By Myfootshop.com. 1 lift/pkg.\n$8.95 $3.00\nAirHeel By AirCast\nThe AirHeel is a unique brace for heel pain that eases the symptoms of plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinitis, and Sever's Disease with pulsating compression while you walk. Universal right/left. By AirCast. 1/pkg.\n$48.95 $6.00\nHeel Cushions - PPT\nPPT Heel Cushions are foam shoe pads that relieve pain by cushioning heel strike when walking. Great for heel spur syndrome and plantar fasciitis. Adhesive-backed. One size. By Myfootshop.com. 1 pair/pkg.\n$7.95 $2.00\nHeel Lifts For Plantar Fasciitis - Cork\nHeel Lifts For Plantar Fasciitis - Cork are effective, affordable shoe inserts designed to treat pain caused by plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, Achilles tendinitis, and Sever's Disease. Universal right/left. One size. By Myfootshop.com. 1 pair/pkg.\n$5.95 $2.00\nHeel Lifts For Plantar Fasciitis - Felt\nHeel Lifts for Plantar Fasciitis - Felt are durable, adhesive-backed, orthopedic shoe wedges designed to relieve pain caused by heel spurs, Sever's Disease, and Achilles tendinitis. Adhesive-backed. Universal right/left. By Myfootshop.com. One size. 1 pair/pkg.\n$6.95 $2.00\n+ Guided Shopping\nThe right diagnosis, the right product, the right way.\nNewsletter\nWhere knowledge becomes comfort. 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2019-04-21T12:48:24Z

"https://www.myfootshop.com/achilles-tendonitis"

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Patient’s and health care provider’s perspectives on music therapy in palliative care – an integrative review - PDF Free Download\nHome\nAdd Document\nSign In\nRegister\nPatient’s and health care provider’s perspectives on music therapy in palliative care – an integrative review\nThe use of music as therapy in multidisciplinary end-of-life care dates back to the 1970s and nowadays music therapy (MT) is one of the most frequentl...\n0 downloads 26 Views 672KB Size\nDownload PDF\nRecommend Documents\nNo documents\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-018-0286-4\nRESEARCH ARTICLE\nOpen Access\nPatient’s and health care provider’s perspectives on music therapy in palliative care – an integrative review W. Schmid1,2*, J. H. Rosland2,3, S. von Hofacker2,4, I. Hunskår5,6 and F. Bruvik6,7\nAbstract Background: The use of music as therapy in multidisciplinary end-of-life care dates back to the 1970s and nowadays music therapy (MT) is one of the most frequently used complementary therapy in in-patient palliative care in the US. However existing research investigated music therapy’s potential impact mainly from one perspective, referring to either a quantitative or qualitative paradigm. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the users’ and providers’ perspectives on music therapy in palliative care within one research article. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using several databases supplemented with a hand-search of journals between November 1978 and December 2016. Inclusion criteria were: Music therapy with adults in palliative care conducted by a certified music therapist. Both quantitative and qualitative studies in English, German or a Scandinavian language published in peer reviewed journals were included. We aimed to identify and discuss the perspectives of both patients and health care providers on music therapy’s impact in palliative care to forward a comprehensive understanding of it’s effectiveness, benefits and limitations. We investigated themes mentioned by patients within qualitative studies, as well as commonly chosen outcome measures in quantitative research. A qualitative approach utilizing inductive content analysis was carried out to analyze and categorize the data. Results: Twelve articles, reporting on nine quantitative and three qualitative research studies were included. Seven out of the nine quantitative studies investigated pain as an outcome. All of the included quantitative studies reported positive effects of the music therapy. Patients themselves associated MT with the expression of positive as well as challenging emotions and increased well-being. An overarching theme in both types of research is a psycho-physiological change through music therapy. Conclusions: Both quantitative as well as qualitative research showed positive changes in psycho-physiological well-being. The integration of the users´ and providers´ perspectives within future research applicable for example in mixed-methods designs is recommended. Keywords: Music therapy, Palliative care, Patient reported outcomes, Interventions, Pain, Physical comfort\nBackground Individuals with incurable diseases and limited life expectancy are vulnerable and often in need for multidisciplinary palliative care. This care should address the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of an individual, applying a patient-centered approach. Within this holistic approach * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 GAMUT (Grieg Academy Research Centre for Music Therapy) Faculty of Fine Arts, Music and Design, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 2 Sunniva Centre for Palliative Care, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway Full list of author information is available at the end of the article\nthe therapeutic use of music has become increasingly implemented [1]. The use of music as therapy in multidisciplinary end-of-life care dates back to the 1970s [2]. Nowadays music therapy (MT) is one of the most frequently used complementary therapy in palliative care in the US [3], and has been widely implemented internationally within the last decades in this area [4]. In music therapy, patient and therapist engage actively in singing, songwriting, improvisation, as well as listening to music, according to a person’s musical preferences ([5]. Within a therapeutic relationship based on individualized\n© The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\nassessment, treatment and evaluation individual and situative music experiences can evolve [6]. Music therapy applies a wide range of elaborated approaches, enloys high acceptance by patients and has few side effects [1, 3]. However existing research investigates music therapy’s potential impact mainly from one perspective, referring either to a quantitative or qualitative paradigm. Individual needs as well as the possible variety of MT approaches at hand add to the ethical and methodological complexity for research. It has been suggested that the inclusion of diverse research paradigms, allowing for multiple ways of knowing and forms of evidence, might be more purposeful [7]. Furthermore, patients’ perspectives have been widely acknowledged as being important for the definition of outcome measures as well as to cast light on mechanisms of therapeutic change [8]. This is also in line with the recommendations of the WHO-paper “Vision in people-centered health care”, addressing the future culture of care and communication, and advocating for the involvement of health care users in decision-making [9]. Refering to qualitative research, patient’s perspective add essential evidence to music therapy’s contribution in palliative care and can inform future research. However this evidence needs to be integrated more systematically. To our knowledge, no comprehensive research discussing both patient’s and health care services’ perspectives more systematically has been published so far. One way of approaching this is the conduction of an integrative review. An integrative review is a specific review method allowing for the assessment of diverse data sources and methodologies such as qualitative interviews or standardized questionnaires [10]. Integrative reviews have the potential to present a comprehensive understanding of phenomena or problems relevant to health care and policy. They present the state of the art, and can contribute to theory development [11]. We have been able to identify only one integrative review with the focus of MT in palliative care [12]. According to this review, music is a positive stimulus to improve coping for patients at the end of life. However, this conclusion was drawn wihout including the patients´ perspective. To address this gap of knowledge, the aim of this integrative review is to identify and discuss the perspectives of both patients and health care providers on music therapy’s impact in palliative care. With this integration of multiple ways of knowing, the intention is to reach a more comprehensive understanding of what domains are sensitive to change in music therapy with the terminally ill.\nPage 2 of 9\nHospital, Bergen, Norway) and The Grieg Academy Research Centre for Music Therapy (GAMUT, University of Bergen, Norway). To ensure a clear focus, a transparent, comprehensive collection and extraction of data, and to handle the complexity inherent in combining diverse methodologies we followed the five stages of an integrative review as formulated by Whittemore & Knafl [10]: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. Literature search\nOn the basis of a Cochrane systematic review [13] and a state-of-the-art article about the subject [14] a preliminary search was conducted early in June 2015. The research group discussed the research questions, and which search terms and databases to include. The main literature search was conducted in June 2015 within the databases MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo, OVID Nursing, RILM, Web of Science and in the Nordic databases NORART (Norwegian articles) and SweMed+ (Nordic Health articles) (Table 1). The first publication about music therapy in palliative care was also included at this stage [2]. We included quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods research studies on music therapy with a Table 1 Search strategy 1. palliative care/ or terminal care/ or hospice care/ or terminally ill/ 2. palliative care.mp. or exp. Palliative Care/ 3. terminal care.mp. or Terminal Care/ 4. exp. Hospice Care/ 5. Hospice Care.mp. or Hospice Care/ 6. exp. Terminally Ill/ 7. terminally ill.mp. or Terminally Ill/ 8. hospice*.tw. 9. (palliat* or (terminal* adj6 ill*) or (terminal* adj3 care) or (end adj3 life)).tw. 10. ((care adj5 dying) or (caring adj5 dying) or (support$ adj5 dying) or (dying adj5 patient$)).tw. 11. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 12. music therapy.mp. or exp. Music Therapy/ 13. music*.mp. 14. melody.mp. 15. (music$ or melod$).tw. 16. (sing or sings or singer$ or singing or song$).tw. 17. 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 18. 11 and 17\nMethods An integrative approach conducted by an interdisciplinary team of researchers and practitioners located at Sunniva Center for Palliative Care (Haraldsplass Deaconess\n19. protocol*.tw. 20. 18 not 19 21. limit 18 to yr. = “1978 -Current”\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\ntrained music therapist in a palliative care setting including adult in- and out-patients (Table 5). The main outcomes were both observed symptoms and self-reported experiences. Peer reviewed publications in English, German or Scandinavian languages were included. Study protocols, feasibility-studies as well as single case studies were excluded. The inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the search terms were worked out by the PICO model according to population, intervention, comparison and outcome [15]. An updated search was conducted in December 2016 using the same search strategy in the same databases limited to the year 2014 and forward. A total of 233 articles were found and scanned by the researchers. One article was included in the analysis after the updated search. We applied standardized evaluation schemes for all types of studies (RCT-studies, quantitative and qualitative studies) using the CASPs checklists [16, 17]. The CASP’s checklists are widely used in the health care domaine and offer guidance for the critical appraisal with respect to trustworthiness, results and relevance of research studies. Criteria for the quality assessment of RCT’s are, e.g. the critical appraisal of a study’s validity and treatment effect. Criteria for the quality assessment of qualitative studies are, e.g. the appraisal of a clearly stated aim, an appropriate qualitative methodology, and the consideration of ethical issues. The quality check was conducted by two researchers independently.\nFig. 1 PRISMA Flow Diagram (attached)\nPage 3 of 9\nQualitative studies that scored at least 7 out of ten of the criteria in the CASP checklist, and quantitative studies that scored at least 8 out of 11 of the criteria in the CASP checklist were included for further analysis.\nResults A total of 1629 articles was identified (Fig. 1). One article could be included into the sample after hand-searching. A manual duplicate control removed 79 publications, leaving 1551 articles for further evaluation. Altogether 1484 articles were excluded, including six review articles. Reference lists from these six review articles were scanned for relevant publications “meeting the inclusion criteria and not yet included”. No further articles were found in this step of the process. Altogether 67 studies were assessed for eligibility and read in full-text in pairs. In the case of disagreement we discussed in the research group until a consensus was reached. As part of this phase, we conducted a qualityappraisal with all studies to be included, using the CASPs checklists [16, 17]. After completion of the screening and evaluation, twelve articles were left to be included in this review, reporting on nine quantitative and three qualitative research studies. No mixedmethods studies were found. In a next step, we extracted data on frequency, and duration of the music therapy intervention, and whether the intervention was applied individually or in a group\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\nPage 4 of 9\nsetting. In addition we extracted the outcomes and patient’s reports (Tables 2 and 3). The main outcomes were observed and self-reported experiences and symptoms. A qualitative approach utilizing inductive content analysis was carried out to analyze and categorize the data in the three qualitative studies [18]. Two members of the research group identified, compared and organized the categories into thematic clusters. Quantitative studies\nNine quantitative studies (Table 2) published between 2001 and 2016 were included. Four of these studies origined from the USA and one from Canada; two studies were conducted in Europe (Spain and Germany), one is from Australia and another one from Japan. Five of the studies were RCTs, four had a pre-post research design with measurements taking place before and after the music therapy intervention. For the RCT studies the participants were randomized to either intervention or control group receiving standard care or an extra intervention as: Volunteer visit, individualized taped MT, relaxation without instructions and listening to a verbal relaxtion exercise. In two of the RCTs, a computer program was used for\nstudy randomization, one study describes a numbered envelope prosess, and two of the studies did not describe the randomization prosess. Also one of the studies with a pre-post design had a non randomized control group with TAU. Three of the studies did not have a control group. Seven studies were conducted in hospital-based inpatient palliative care units, one at privat homes, and one study covered both, in- and out-patient settings. The studies included between 10 and 200 participants (63% female) from ages 18 to101 years old, all diagnosed with a terminal illness such as cancer, COPD, AIDS, ALS or other neurodegenerative diseases. Apart from the fact that studyparticipants were cared for in settings commonly associated with terminal illness (as in-patients in a hospice, on a palliative care ward or receiving palliative care home services), the term “terminal illness” was not defined more specifically in the included studies. All studies provided live music as part of the MT intervention. In five of the nine studies music therapy was provided in individual one-to-one settings taking patients´ music preferences as the starting point. Two studies [19, 20] conducted MT in small groups. In two of the RCTs a standardized music therapy program was applied,\nTable 2 Quantitative studies Author\nParticipants\nIntervention\nControl\nResults\nWarth, et al. [3](Germany)\nN = 84 Mean age 63 Inpatient\nMTs × 2 Not patient-centered MT\nListened to a verbal relaxation exercise\nSubjective improved relaxation, well-being and fatigue-subscale. Increase in high-frequency oscillations of the heart rate. MT was not found to contribute to acute pain reduction.\nGutgsell, et al. [21] (USA)\nN = 200 Mean age 56 Inpatient\nMTs × 1, therapist-guided relaxation\nRelax no instructions\nDecline of pain\nClements-Cortes [34] (Canada)\nN = 40 Age 40–95 Inpatient\nMTs Individualized\nIndividualized taped MTs\nPain reduction and enhancement of physical comfort.\nHorne-Thompson & Grocke, [22](Australia)\nN = 25 Age 18–90 Inpatient\nMTs ×1 Individualized act ve and receptive\nVolunteer visit\nReduction in anxiety, pain, tiredness and drowsiness. No significant effect in a decrease in heart rate.\nHilliard, [24] (USA)\nN = 80 Mean age 65 Outpatient\nMTs × 2 (− 13) individualized\nTAU\nImproved QoL No significant differences on functional status or length of life.\nDomingo et al. [19] (Spain)\nN = 68 Mean age 73 Inpatient\nMTs × 4 in group individualized music/ songwriting\nTAU Not by random\nEffect emotional distress and well-being. No significant effect of pain observed.\nNakayama et al. [20] (Japan)\nN = 10 Mean age 73 Inpatient\nMT Small group with mainly receptive method.\nNo\nLowering of salivary cortisol levels Decreased symptoms of anxiety and depression. No change in fatigue levels\nGallagher et al. [23] (USA)\nN = 200 24–87 years Inpatient\nMTs × 1 individualized\nNo\nImprovements in anxiety, body movement, facial expression, mood, pain, shortness of breath, and verbalizations.\nKrout, [39] (USA)\nN = 80 Age 38–97 In/out patient\nMTs × 1 individualized active and receptive\nNo\nEffect in observed and self-reported pain control, physical comfort, and relaxation.\nDesign RCT\nPre-Post Design\nMTs Music therapy session, TAU treatment as usual\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\nPage 5 of 9\nTable 3 Qualitative studies Author\nDesign\nParticipants\nIntervention\nResults: Participant’s experiences categorized in themes\nClementsCortes, [34] (Canada)\nCross-case analysis; Thematic analysis\n4 individuals 63–91 years Inpatient\nPatient- centered Individualized MT (24–35 sessions), 14–20 weeks\n(1) love, (2) loss, (3) gratitude, (4) growth/transformation, (5) courage/strength, and (6) good-bye.\nO’Callaghan, [25] (Australia)\nGrounded Theory; thematic analysis with ATLAS.ti\n128 individuals 16–101 years Inpatient\nAt least one patient centered MTs in individual and group setting.\nMT can elicit (1) varied affective responses, (2) shifts in physical awareness, (3) rediscovered or new self-awareness. Music can be associated with (4) experiencing altered or improved awareness, (5) increased well-being, (6) human relationships, (7) or does “nothing” to some.\nTeut, M. et al., [26] (Germany)\nGrounded Theory; thematic analysis with MAXQDA\n8 individuals 51–82 years Inpatient\nUp to 5 individual MT sessions weekly. Focus on somatic listening applying a Body Tambura.\n(1) Relaxing and calming effects, (2) sensations that the body feels lighter, and (3) the provocation of peaceful images or visualizations.\nMT Music therapy\ncomprised of a combination of musical exercises and relaxation [3], or autogenic training [21]. The numbers of sessions conducted in the studies varied from 1 to 13 sessions, with four studies conducting only one session. The most commonly investigated outcome in the quantitative studies was pain. Both observer rated and patient rated outcomes were reported, applying standardized questionnaires and measurement tools as well as VAS and behavioral scales. Seven out of the nine studies measured pain and pain perception as main outcome, with five of the seven studies reporting a decrease of pain after music therapy (Table 2). In six of the seven studies pain was a main outcome. In the study of Horne-Thompson and Grocke [22], pain was a secondary outcome. The RCT of Warth and colleagues [3] did not find an effect of a standardized music based relaxation exercise on pain reduction. Domingo and colleagues et al. [19] did not find any significant improvement for the outcome pain in their study. However, evaluation of pain was not carried out pre and post single sessions, but at the very end of a 7 days intervention period. Next to pain, well-being and mood was most often recorded. Positive effects on well-being were reported in two studies [3, 19] and mood (including depression, anxiety) was reported to improve in four studies [19, 20, 23]. Hilliard [24] found in his study that Quality of life improved for patients receiving MT, and the effect increased over time as they had more sessions. However, Quality of life as well as relaxation and fatigue did not show clearly positive or negative results in the studies (Table 4). These findings are in line with research conducted earlier [4, 12]. Nakayama and colleagues [20] employed the salivary cortisol level to measure stress in participants, and found significant lowering of levels after music therapy session. Having a closer look on the instruments and methods used for the measurement of pain in the nine studies, six applied patient-reported scales (VAS), two collected data from both patients and observers (i.e. nurses or research assistants), and one operated with observer’s data only. From the six studies based on patient’s reports, five\ndescribed positive effects on pain after one or two sessions music therapy. In four of these studies individualized music therapy based on patients’ preferences was offered. Qualitative studies\nThree qualitative studies (Table 3) published between 2001 and 2014 reporting research conducted in Canada, Australia and Germany were included in this review. Studies’ designs embrace qualitative interviews and thematic analyses in a cross-case study design or adapted Grounded Theory [25, 26]. All three studies investigated individual music therapy in inpatient individual- or group-settings. The studies included 4–128 participants (50% female) between 16 and 101 years of age, diagnosed with advanced cancer of the lungs, the pancreas or brain tumor. None of the studies defines “terminal illness” explicitly. The number of sessions (1–35 sessions) varied greatly between the studies, as well as MT methods offered. In two of the three studies music therapy followed the participant’s individual preference and daily form. Accordingly, the therapist offered music listening, songwriting, instrumental improvisation and musical life reviews [24, 25]. In the study of Teut and colleagues [26] a standardized music therapy program with a Body Tambura, a wooden string instrument that is placed on or close to the human body, was applied. All qualitative studies presented and categorized experiences of MT from the patient’s perspective. Applying an inductive content analysis, the categories were grouped to three main clusters [18]. The clusters are presented in the following, referring to categories as presented in the three studies: Patient’s themselves associated music therapy with (1)the expression of both, positive as well as more challenging emotions (referring to categories: love; loss; transformation; strength; ambivalent emotions) (2)a relaxing and calming effect with shifts in physical awareness and increased well-being (feelings of relaxation; shifts in physical awareness; increased well-being and self-awareness)\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\nPage 6 of 9\nTable 4 Outcome quantitative studies Outcome\nEffect\nStudy\nWell being (VAS)\nEffect\nDomingo et al. [19]\nEmotional distress (HADS)\nEffect\nDomingo et al. [19]\nPain and asthensia (sub scale)\nNo differances between groups\nDomingo et al. [19]\nAcute Pain (SR-VAR)\nNo differances between groups\nWarth et al. [3]\nWell-being (VAS-SR)\nEffect\nWarth et al. [3]\nRelaxation, ((VAS) SR)\nEffect\nWarth et al. [3]\nHeart rate variability\nEffect\nWarth et al. [3]\nHealth related quality of life (QLQ-C15-PAL)\nNo difference between groups\nWarth et al. [3]\nQoL – Fatigue (QLQ-C15-PAL)\nEffect\nWarth et al. [3]\nThe FLACC Scale (pain observation)\nNo differences between groups\nGutgsell et al. [21]\nNumeric rating scale pain (SR)\nEffect\nGutgsell et al. [21]\nThe Functional Pain Scale (SR interview)\nEffect\nGutgsell et al. [21]\nPresent Pain Intensity\nNo differences between groups\nClements-Cortes [34]\nMcGill Pain questionnaire\nNo differences between groups\nClements-Cortes [34]\nPhysical comfort (VAS SR)\nNo differences between groups\nClements-Cortes [34]\nPain perception (VAS- SR)\nNo differences between groups\nClements-Cortes [34]\nS-cotisol level\nEffect\nNakayama et al. [20]\nThe Mood Inventory Scale -Fatigue\nNo effect\nNakayama et al. [20]\nThe Mood Inventory Scale -refreshment (SR)\nEffect\nNakayama et al. [20]\nThe Mood Inventory Scale -anxiety/ depression\nEffect\nNakayama et al. [20]\nESAS Anxiety (SR)\nEffect\nHorne-Thompson & Grocke [22]\nPulse oximeter for heartrate\nNo differences between groups\nHorne-Thompson & Grocke [22]\nESAS Tiredness, drowsiness, pain (SR)\nEffect\nHorne-Thompson& Grocke [22]\nESAS Nausea, depression, appetite, well-being, Shortness of breath\nNo differences between groups\nHorne-Thompson & Grocke [22]\nShortness of breath (VAS)\nEffect\nGallagher et al. [23]\nMood, depression, anxiety, (VAS-SR)\nEffect\nGallagher et al. [23]\nPain (VAS)\nEffect\nGallagher et al., [23]\nFacial, movement and verbal (by therapist)\nEffect\nGallagher et al. [23]\nLength of life\nNo differences between groups\nHilliard [24]\nHospice QoL -functional well-being (SR)\nNo differences between groups\nHilliard [24]\nHospice QoL –psychophysiological well-being\nEffect\nHilliard [24]\nHospice QoL -social/spiritual\nNo differences between groups\nHilliard [24]\nPalliative Performance Scale (spl R)\nNo differences between groups\nHilliard [24]\nPain control (observed SR)\nEffect\nKrout [39]\nRelaxation (observed SR)\nEffect\nKrout [39]\nPhysical comfort (observed SR)\nEffect\nKrout [39]\n(3)addressing relational issues like loss and saying goodbye, love, or gratitude to family and close friends (connecting to family; relationships; memories; self-expression). Next to these benefits for the individual, family members and friends who could be present in the MT sessions, sing or listen to familiar music with their loved\nones, felt more connected with the patient, and found support for grieving processes [25, 26].\nDiscussion The studies assembled in this integrative review report a range of benefits and positive effects of music therapy in palliative care from both the patient’s as well as the health care provider’s perspective. All the included\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\nquantitative studies reported several positive effects of MT. Four studies found significant pain reduction after only one session of individualized music therapy. However, two other studies could not demonstrate any effect on pain and pain perception [3, 19]. Although no definite explanation can be given for this, the methodology chosen in the studies by Warth et al. [3], and Domingo and colleagues [19] could be crucial. It is remarkable that the study by Warth and colleagues [3] utilized a standardized music based relaxation exercise, meaning that individual music preferences were not taken into consideration as the starting point for the MT intervention. In light of an ongoing discussion about the potential relevance of patient-preferred music in MT, a number of studies including a recent meta-analysis [27], do note that music must be tailored appropriately to individual preferences to realize the greatest benefit from the intervention [27]. Another aspect that needs to be taken into account is the point of time of measurement. Domingo and colleagues [19] did not evaluate pain directly pre and post single sessions, but after the last session, that is after 7 days. As pain perception is a dynamic process, it could be modified, and perhaps exacerbated by many other factors, from day 1 to day 7, such as disease progression or changes in medication inversely interfering with the expected effect of the music therapy intervention. The overarching theme promoted in both types of research is a psycho-physiological change through music therapy. While patients report a reduction of pain in the quantitative studies, they rarely mention specific symptoms like pain in the qualitative studies. However, they report improvements of physical comfort with changes in bodily awareness, emotional relief and positive relationship experiences on intra- and interpersonal levels. As both pain and well-being are core issues being addressed in end-of-life care, it could be of interest to explore potential interconnections between the reduction of pain on one side, and improvement of physical comfort and well-being on the other side. Pain is subjective, highly complicated in nature, and may be exhibited very differently from individual to individual depending on their physical as well as psychological state [31]. There is growing acknowledgement of pain as one of the most significant challenges to well-being, with a potential to impact considerably an individuals quality of life [28–30]. Research suggests that pain can become resistant to conventional treatment measures if psychological, emotional, or spiritual issues are not addressed [31, 32]. Music is known to have a wide range of physiological effects on the human body, including changes in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and biochemical responses [33]. Musical experience has been described as the “richest human emotional, sensorimotor, and cognitive\nPage 7 of 9\nexperience” (ibid, p 12). Responses to music and pain are based on past experiences and/or present state of mind and are highly individual [34]. By altering affective, cognitive and sensory processes, music therapy may reduce pain perception and suffering, heighten mood, and increase a sense of control and relaxation [25]. Furthermore, “a shared positive experience of the music therapy seemed to facilitate a connection between the patients and the family members” [24]. Music therapy that included family members and acknowledges musical preferences of the individuals involved, offers an arena for the facilitation and completion of relationships to oneself and – likewise - to others [35]. When asked of what exactly was experienced while participating in MT, many patients describe relaxing and calming effects, causing sensations that the body feels lighter. They report increased well-being, and the calming and relaxing effect of music: “Well, it (...) feels somehow like swimming on waves, where you feel good” or have feelings of “lightness”, or “as if floating in the air” [26] (p.4). Another participant stated: “I became so absorbed in the music and my aches and pains disappeared” [25] (p.158). As condensed in this last quote, an interconnection of the experience of pain and well-being becomes obvious. In the process of psycho-physiological change, the perception of pain and a reduction of stress seems to correspond with feelings of “lightness”, “floating in the air”, and the experience of sense of control. On this background, the impact of somatic music experiences on an individuals bodily and physiological situatedness as shown in the study of Teut and colleagues [26] is remarkable. The integration of both vibrations, sounds, and music might facilitate relaxation, and contribute to the reduction of levels of anxiety and stress [36]. As shown by Teut and colleagues [26], a multimodal approach embracing sound and vibration within a therapeutic relationship has a direct impact on an individuals well-being. In summary music therapy as a relational and experiental based approach, does not work like a medication to reduce a symptom. It is rather an embodied practice embedded in whole body-actions of the individuals involved, and capable to respond to an individual’s needs in an ever changing process [37, 38].\nLimitations of the integrative review\nWe focused on the outcome pain in the analysis of the quantitatve studies. Pain is one of the most relevant clinical symptoms in palliative care, and we therefore did not differ between pain as main and secondary outcome in our review. We discussed both pain and well-being, representing two prominent phenomena from out of all included studies, to exemplify a potential integration. This can be seen as a limitation of the present review.\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\nPage 8 of 9\nTable 5 Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to the literature search Inclusion criteria\nExclusion criteria\n*Music therapy with a music therapist in a palliative setting (both in- and out-patients)\n*Use of music either played live or playback without a certified music therapist present (music medicine)\n*Assorted patient-centered music therapy techniques might be utilized, and include * Protocols; feasibility studies; s ngle case studies receptive, creative, recreative, as well as combined techniques. * Research articles (el. peer-reviewed articles published in) in English, German or Scandinavian language\n* Official reports, book reviews; theoretical articles, dissertations; conference abstracts and editorials.\n*Both qualitative and quantitative studies\n* Articles before 1978\nAt the same time it can serve as an example for how the integration of perspectives can enhance a more comprehensive understanding of music therapy’s contribution to end-of-life care. To further investigate other outcomes in this way might be of interest. Within the included studies, some methodological limitations could be identified with respect to a lack of the definition of “terminal illness”, and incomprehensive provision of information about samples, randomization, drop out rates, as well as the music therapy intervention and setting itself. With respect to the inclusion criteria of our review, the focus was on the qualification of the music therapist. This allowed at the same time for the application of a variety of music therapeutic approaches to be included. In this way we could take into account the need for a variety of approaches that can be flexibly used by a professional to meet individual’s ever changing needs in palliative care.\ncomprehensive understanding of what music therapy can contribute to interdisciplinary end-of-life care. The integration of users´ and providers´ perspectives within future research applicable for example in mixed-methods designs is recommended. Acknowledgements We would like to thank our research assistant Camilla Hay for her contribution to the literature search and initial screening of the publications together with WS. We would further like to thank POLYFON – Knowledge Cluster for Music Therapy, University of Bergen, Norway, for partly funding this review. Funding This research was partially supported by funding from POLYFON – Knowledge Cluster for Music Therapy, University of Bergen, Norway. The Dignity Centre, Bergen, Norway.\nImplications for future research\nAvailability of data and materials The data, that means the included articles used and analysed in this integrative review, are available from the corresponding author on request. Criteria for the search strategy were worked out according to the PICO modell [15]. Details of the search strategy for this integrative review are integrated in this manuscript and can be found in Tables 1 and 5.\nWith respect to the symptom pain and corressponding themes mentioned by patient’s themselves, we could show that an integration of perspectives can enhance a more comprehensive understanding of music therapy in end-of-life care. On this background we want to recommend for further research:\nAuthors’ contributions All members of the research goup contributed equally to the design and implementation of the literature search. The literature search was conducted by IH and WS. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility by four researchers in pairs (FB/ WS and JHR/SvH). WS and FB drafted the manuscript, and led the writing of the article. All authors contributed to data interpretation, read and approved the final manuscript.\n(1)The implementation of mixed-methods studies where different perspectives and research paradigms can be integrated in one study. (2)More frequent measurements and patient feedback, pre-post but also during a music therapy session to further approach the question of music therapy’s effect within the therapeutic course.\nConclusions Individual music therapy seems to have positive impact on several symptoms and needs, thus improving individuals´ quality of life in the palliative care setting. The present review contributes to exsting research by systematically integrating patient’s and health care provider’s perspective on music therapy. This leads to an enhanced and\nEthics approval and consent to participate Not applicable Consent for publication Not applicable Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\nPublisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Author details 1 GAMUT (Grieg Academy Research Centre for Music Therapy) Faculty of Fine Arts, Music and Design, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 2Sunniva Centre for Palliative Care, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 3 Department of Clincal Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 4 Regional Centre of Excellence for Palliative Care Western Norway, Haukeland\nSchmid et al. BMC Palliative Care (2018) 17:32\nUniversity Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 5VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway. 6Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 7Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Elderly and Nursing Home Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Received: 4 October 2017 Accepted: 7 February 2018\nReferences 1. Archie P, Bruera E, Cohen L. Music-based interventions in palliative cancer care: a review of quantitative studies and neurobiological literature. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(9):2609–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-013-1841-4. 2. Munro S, Mount B. Music therapy in palliative care. Can Med Assoc J. 1978; 119(9):1029–34. 3. Warth M, Kessler J, Hillecke TK, Bardenheuer HJ. Music therapy in palliative care. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(46):788–94. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl. 2015.0788. 4. McConnell T, Scott D, Porter S. Music therapy for end-of-life care: an updated systematic review. Palliat Med. 2016;30(9):877–83. 5. Schmid S. Musikkterapi i palliative omsorg. In: Stige B, Ridder HM, editors. Musikkterapi og eldrehelse. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; 2016. p. 177–186. 6. Trondalen G, Bonde LO. Music therapy: models and interventions. In: MacDonald RAR, Kreutz G, Mitchell L, editors. Music, health and wellbeing. Oxford: Oxford University; 2012. p. 40–61. 7. Bradt J, Burns DS, Creswell JW. Mixed methods research in music therapy research. J Music Ther. 2013;50(2):123–48. 8. Vahdat S, Hamzehgardeshi L, Hessam S, Hamzehgardeshi Z. Patient involvement in health care decision making: a review. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(1):e12454. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.12454. 9. World Health Organization. People-centered health care: a policy framework 2007. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); 2007. http://www.wpro. who.int/health_services/people_at_the_centre_of_care/documents/ENGPCIPolicyFramework.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2017. 10. Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs. 2005;52(5):546–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x. 11. Kirkevold M. Integrative nursing research—an important strategy to further the development of nursing science and nursing practice. J Adv Nurs. 1997; 25(5):977–84. 12. Bowers TA, Wetsel MA. Utilization of music therapy in palliative and hospice care an integrative review. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2014;16(4):231–9. https://doi. org/10.1097/njh.0000000000000060. 13. Bradt J, Dileo C. Music therapy for end-of-life care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;1:CD007169. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007169.pub2. 14. Warth M, Kessler J, Koenig J, Wormit AF, Hillecke TK, Bardenheuer HJ. Music therapy to promote psychological and physiological relaxation in palliative care patients: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Palliat Care. 2014;13(1):60. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-684X-13-60. 15. Glasziou P, Heneghan C. A spotter’s guide to study designs. Evidence-based Nurs. 2009;12(3):71–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.12.3.71. 16. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP Randomised Controlled Trial Checklist. Oxford: CASP; 2017. [http://www.casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists]. Accessed 15 May 2017. 17. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP Qualitative Research Checklist. Oxford: CASP; 2017. [http://www.casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists]. Accessed 15 May 2017. 18. Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1049732305276687. 19. Domingo JP, Matamoros NE, Danés CF, Abelló HV, Carranza JM, Ripoll AIR, Garcia SM, Rossetti A. Effectiveness of music therapy in advanced cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit: a non-randomized controlled, clinical trial. Music Med. 2015;7(1):23–31. 20. Nakayama H, Kikuta F, Takeda H. A pilot study on effectiveness of music therapy in hospice in Japan. J Music Ther. 2009;46(2):160–72. 21. Gutgsell KJ, Schluchter M, Margevicius S, DeGolia PA, McLaughlin B, Harris M, Mecklenburg J, Wiencek C. Music therapy reduces pain in palliative care patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2013;45(5): 822–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.05.008. 22. Horne-Thompson A, Grocke D. The effect of music therapy on anxiety in patients who are terminally ill. J Palliat Med. 2008;11(4):582–90. https://doi. org/10.1089/jpm.2007.0193.\nPage 9 of 9\n23. Gallagher LM, Lagman R, Walsh D, Davis MP, LeGrand SB. The clinical effects of music therapy in palliative medicine. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14(8): 859–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0013-6. 24. Hilliard RE. The effects of music therapy on the quality and length of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer. J Music Ther. 2003;40(2):113–37. 25. O'Callaghan C. Bringing music to life: a study of music therapy and palliative care experiences in a cancer hospital. J Palliat Care. 2001;17(3):155. 26. Teut M, Dietrich C, Deutz B, Mittring N, Witt CM. Perceived outcomes of music therapy with body tambura in end of life care - a qualitative pilot study. BMC Palliat Care. 2014;13(1):18. 27. Heiderscheit A, Breckenridge SJ, Chlan LL, Savik K. Music preferences of mechanically ventilated patients participating in a randomized controlled trial. Music Med. 2014;6(2):29. 28. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006;10(4):287. 29. Wang XS, Cleeland CS, Mendoza TR, Engstrom MC, Liu S, Xu G, Hao X, Wang Y, Ren XS. The effects of pain severity on health-related quality of life: a study of Chinese cancer patients. Cancer. 1999;86(9):1848–55. 30. Becker N, Bondegaard Thomsen A, Olsen AK, Sjogren P, Bech P, Eriksen J. Pain epidemiology and health related quality of life in chronic nonmalignant pain patients referred to a Danish multidisciplinary pain center. Pain. 1997;73(3):393–400. 31. Groen KM. Pain assessment and management in end of life care: a survey of assessment and treatment practices of hospice music therapy and nursing professionals. J Music Ther. 2007;44(2):90–112. 32. Kroenke K, Outcalt S, Krebs E, Bair MJ, Wu J, Chumbler N, Yu Z. Association between anxiety, health-related quality of life and functional impairment in primary care patients with chronic pain. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35(4): 359–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.03.020. 33. Altenmüller E, Schlaug G. Music, brain, and health: exploring biological foundations of Music’s health effects. In: MacDonald RAR, Kreutz G, Mitchell L, editors. Music, health, and wellbeing. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 12–24. 34. Clements-Cortes A. The effect of live music vs. taped music on pain and comfort in palliative care. Korean J Music Ther. 2011a;13(1):105–21. 35. Dileo C. Final moments: the use of song in relationship completion. In: Advanced practice in medical music therapy: case reports. Edited by Dileo C. United States: Jeffrey Books. 2015:273–286. 36. Bruscia KE. Defining music therapy. 3rd ed. United States: Barcelona Publishers Llc; 2014. 37. Davidson J, Emberly A. Embodied musical communication across cultures: singing and dancing for quality of life and wellbeing benefit. In: MacDonald RAR, Kreutz G, Mitchell L, editors. Music, health and wellbeing. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 136–49. 38. Schmid W. Being together–exploring the modulation of affect in improvisational music therapy with a man in a persistent vegetative state–a qualitative single case study. Health Psychologya. 2017;5(2):186–92. 39. Krout RE. The effects of single-session music therapy interventions on the observed and self-reported levels of pain control, physical comfort, and relaxation of hospice patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Med®. 2001;18(6):383-390. https://doi.org/10.1177/104990910101800607.\nSubmit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and we will help you at every step: • We accept pre-submission inquiries • Our selector tool helps you to find the most relevant journal • We provide round the clock customer support • Convenient online submission • Thorough peer review • Inclusion in PubMed and all major indexing services • Maximum visibility for your research Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit\n×\nSign In\nEmail\nPassword\nRemember Password\t Forgot Password?\nSign In\nLogin with Google Login with Facebook\nCopyright © 2019 SLIDEHEAVEN.COM. All rights reserved.\nInformation\nAbout Us\nPrivacy Policy\nTerms and Conditions\nCopyright\nContact Us\nFollow us\nFacebook\nTwitter\nGoogle Plus\nNewsletter

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Dementia- NJ Psychologist Blog\nHome\nStaff\nServices\nForms\nInformation\nInterest\nBlog\nIndividual, Family & Group Psychotherapy\nLocations in New York & New Jersey\nCurrently Browsing: Dementia\nMay 1\nAutism, Cancer Share Many of the Same Genes\nPosted by Martin Kluger in ADHD/ADD, Dementia, General on May 1st, 2016 | No Comments\nBy Traci Pedersen\nScientists have identified 43 genes associated with risk for both autism and cancer. This discovery could lead to the development of treatments for both conditions if the underlying mechanisms behind these genes are the same, according to a new study by the University of California (UC) Davis MIND Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center.\n“This striking coincidence of a remarkably large number of genes implicated in both autism spectrum disorder and cancers has not been previously highlighted in the scientific literature,” said Jacqueline Crawley, MIND Institute distinguished professor and endowed chair.\n“Potentially common biological mechanisms suggest that it may be possible to repurpose drug treatments for cancer as potential therapeutics for neurodevelopmental disorders.”\nCrawley collaborated on the work with professor and chair of the UC Davis Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Wolf-Dietrich Heyer, who is affiliated with the Cancer Center and Janine LaSalle, professor of medical microbiology and immunology, who is associated with the MIND Institute.\n“It may be possible to repurpose available cancer drugs with reasonable safety profiles as targeted treatments for ASD,” the authors write in the journal Trends in Genetics.\n“Stratifying individuals with ASD who harbor a risk gene for autism that is also a risk gene for cancer may enable therapeutic development of personalized medicines based on the specific causal mutation.”\nIncluded in the dozens of genes implicated in both cancer and autism are genes for relatively rare syndromes, such as Rett syndrome and tuberous sclerosis, in which patients experience a wide variety of physical and neurological symptoms, including intellectual disability, as well as some of the communication deficits often found in autism.\nSo what does tumor cell growth have in common with synapse formation and brain development?\n“Errors associated with genome maintenance during fetal life may occur at critical time periods for [brain development] resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders,” said Heyer, “whereas errors more commonly occur during adult life in cell types susceptible to tumors.”\nConsiderable value can be gained from a new focus on understanding the genetic commonalities of autisms and cancers. The authors note that since autism encompasses a broad range of causes, symptoms, and outcomes — similar to different types of cancers — it is also referred to in the plural, as “autisms.”\nThe study, titled “Autism and Cancer Shared Risk Genes, Pathways and Drug Targets,” is published online in Trends in Genetics, a Cell Symposia publication.\nSource: UC Davis Health System\nApr 23\nMaking a Drawing of Important Information Helps Memory\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General, memory on Apr 23rd, 2016 | No Comments\nBy Rick Nauert PhD\nNeed help in remembering a difficult concept? A solution may literally be at your fingertips as new research suggests drawing pictures of information that needs to be remembered enhances memory.\n“We pitted drawing against a number of other known encoding strategies, but drawing always came out on top,” said the study’s lead author, Jeffrey Wammes, a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Psychology at the University of Waterloo.\n“We believe that the benefit arises because drawing helps to create a more cohesive memory trace that better integrates visual, motor, and semantic information.”\nIn the study, researchers presented student participants with a list of simple, easily drawn words, such as “apple.” The students were given 40 seconds to either draw the word, or write it out repeatedly. They were then given a filler task of classifying musical tones to facilitate the retention process.\nFinally, the researchers asked students to freely recall as many words as possible from the initial list in just 60 seconds.\n“We discovered a significant recall advantage for words that were drawn as compared to those that were written,” said Wammes.\n“Participants often recalled more than twice as many drawn than written words. We labelled this benefit ‘the drawing effect,’ which refers to this distinct advantage of drawing words relative to writing them out.”\nDrawing the words or concepts, however crudely appears to be the best method for retention.\nIn variations of the experiment in which students drew the words repeatedly, or added visual details to the written letters, such as shading or other doodles, the results remained unchanged.\nMemory for drawn words was superior to all other alternatives. Drawing led to better later memory performance than listing physical characteristics, creating mental images, and viewing pictures of the objects depicted by the words.\n“Importantly, the quality of the drawings people made did not seem to matter, suggesting that everyone could benefit from this memory strategy, regardless of their artistic talent. In line with this, we showed that people still gained a huge advantage in later memory, even when they had just four seconds to draw their picture,” said Wammes.\nWhile the drawing effect proved reliable in testing, the experiments were conducted with single words only. Wammes and his team are currently trying to determine why this memory benefit is so potent, and how widely it can be applied to other types of information.\nMar 4\nAlzheimer’s Risk: Do You Want to Know?\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Mar 4th, 2016 | No Comments\nBy Matt McMillen , Reviewed by Arefa Cassoobhoy, MD, MPH\nIf a test could tell whether you’ll get Alzheimer’s disease someday, would you want to know? And if so, what would you do with that knowledge?\nThese questions are becoming more and more important as researchers close in on tools to predict your risk of Alzheimer’s disease decades before symptoms start to appear.\n“Primary care physicians, in the disease’s early stages, [eventually] could be able to say, ‘It looks like there’s a problem here’ through a blood test, a saliva test, or by looking at the retina,” says Dean Hartley, PhD, director of science initiatives for the Alzheimer’s Association. “But there’s no medical test now. It’s all in the research stage.”\nFor now, only genetic tests are available to the general public. They can spot genes linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s, such as the ApoE4 gene. But genetic tests aren’t conclusive. Not everyone whose test result says they have ApoE4 will get Alzheimer’s, and many people who don’t have that gene will get the disease.\nAnd if you have the gene, there isn’t much you can do yet, aside from making lifestyle changes that may be preventive. “You can get the ApoE4 test at your doctor’s office, but I and many of my colleagues rarely offer it, because we don’t have any treatments to offer if we determine that patients are at higher risk,” says Alzheimer’s researcher Liana Apostolova, MD, a professor at the Indiana University School of Medicine.\nAlso, knowing your risk could come with a price. Seven years ago, Jamie Tyrone learned unexpectedly that she had two copies of the ApoE4 gene.\n“I went into a deep, dark hole,” says Tyrone, 55, a former nurse who lives in San Diego. “This information was very anxiety-provoking, to the point that I was diagnosed with PTSD [post-traumatic stress disorder]. Knowing has done me harm.”\nTyrone says Alzheimer’s was not on her radar when she was tested for a variety of genetic disorders as part of a research study. Being unprepared for the news, she says, made her anxiety worse.\nEventually she learned to cope. She started to take better care of herself, exercising and improving her diet, meditating and doing brain-twisting puzzles purported to strengthen memory and focus. And she became involved with research into the disease. She founded B.A.B.E.S., Beating Alzheimer’s By Embracing Science, a non-profit that supports research into the disease and encourages people to get involved.\nTyrone wants others to learn from her experience.\n“I’m choosing to heal by talking about it,” she says. “I don’t want people to go through what I went through.”\nNew Ways to Detect Alzheimer’s Disease\nThe biggest advance toward the early prediction of Alzheimer’s, Hartley says, is using PET scans to show the buildup of beta amyloid plaques in the brain. The plaques are a risk factor for the disease, and in the past they could be seen only during an autopsy.\n“This is an opportunity to see into the live brain,” Hartley says.\nThe FDA has approved PET amyloid imaging for use in some clinical trials and to help diagnose dementia patients, but not to predict the development of the disease — at least not yet.\n“PET imaging with amyloid will be the first way of approaching prediction,” Apostolova says. MRI will also be useful, she says, as will PET imaging for tau proteins, another sign of disease.\nBut, she continues, amyloid PET scans are expensive, not readily available, and they expose patients to radiation.\n“What if there’s another way to get at the answer of who’s at risk?” she asks.\nResearch Apostolova led while at UCLA resulted in a simple blood test that picks up biomarkers — or proteins in the blood — linked to Alzheimer’s. Along with other tests, it one day may help predict the disease. She published her early findings in January in the journal Neurology.\nResearchers are studying several other new tests:\nA saliva test that identifies biomarkers linked to Alzheimer’s disease.\nA combination of cognitive tests, MRI scans, and analysis of proteins found in cerebrospinal fluid — fluid in the brain and spinal cord that can predict mild cognitive impairment, or thinking problems, 5 years before symptoms become apparent.\nMeasurements of the protein neurogranin, a potential Alzheimer’s biomarker found in fluid in the brain and spinal cord.\nTests that uncover the deterioration of your sense of smell may indicate Alzheimer’s.\nEye exams that can measure beta amyloid buildup.\nAll of these tests remain experimental, and their effectiveness remains to be seen.\n“Saliva tests, blood tests, and things like that are not ready for prime time,” Hartley says.\nKnowing Your Risk\nIf you do learn your risk of Alzheimer’s — through a genetic test or, eventually, through one of these still-experimental tests — what can you do with that knowledge? And how would it affect you? After all, with no viable treatments available to slow, stop, or prevent the disease — only drugs that may improve symptoms in some people for a short time — there’s little doctors can offer you.\n“Some people would want to know so they can plan things out, such as long-term care insurance and end-of-life decisions, while others would not want to know,” says David Salmon, PhD, of the Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at the University of California, San Diego. “It’s a personal decision. It’s hard to say what the best advice would be.”\nSalmon’s research suggests that knowing you’re at risk can have bad consequences. You’re more likely to rate your memory worse and do worse on a memory test than someone with the same risk who is unaware.\n“We don’t think it’s depression, but we didn’t measure anxiety and stress, so we don’t know if the disclosure increased anxiety and that it’s the anxiety that causes you to have memory problems,” Salmon says.\nBut other research suggests that knowing your genetic risk does not up your chances of depression, anxiety, or distress. Jason Karlawish, MD, an Alzheimer’s expert and medical ethicist at the University of Pennsylvania, has studied middle-age adults with a family history of Alzheimer’s.\nIf people get their mood and well-being assessed before they get tested, “they have minimal problems with mood and well-being after learning the results,” Karlawish says. “We don’t have data from persons who are older and plausibly closer in age of onset to AD.”\nKarlawish is involved in a study of an experimental Alzheimer’s drug known as solanezumab. The drug, made by Eli Lilly, targets amyloid plaques and may delay the onset of cognitive decline. It is now being tested on people who don’t have Alzheimer’s symptoms but whose PET scans have shown the presence of such plaques, a potential early warning sign of the disease.\nIt’s among several meds that may prevent or slow Alzheimer’s from getting worse that are being studied in people long before they show symptoms.\nKarlawish’s previous research suggests that that knowledge may motivate people to change their lifestyles. That’s what Tyrone eventually began to do. She has improved her diet and her exercise habits, she’s at work on a book about her experiences, and she’s become involved in Alzheimer’s research, such as studies into new medication. That’s something she highly recommends — as does Karlawish — for people who know they’re at risk.\n“Yes, it’s partially selfish, because you’re getting something as well as giving something,” she says. “You’re at the forefront of cutting-edge research.”\nBut if you don’t yet know? “I would ask them, why do you really want to know this information? And can you make changes without knowing that information?” Tyrone asks. “It may be anxiety provoking. Is it really healthy to know this information or is not healthy? What are you going to do with it?”\nWebMD Health News\nFeb 7\nSleep Apnea Takes Toll on Brain\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General, Sleep on Feb 7th, 2016 | No Comments\nBy Janice Wood\nA new study shows that people with sleep apnea show significant changes in the levels of two important brain chemicals.\nThis could be the reason so many people with sleep apnea — a disorder in which a person’s breathing is frequently interrupted during sleep, as many as 30 times an hour — report problems with thinking, such as poor concentration, difficulty with memory and decision-making, depression and stress.\nResearchers at the University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing looked at levels of the neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid, known as GABA, in a brain region called the insula. This area integrates signals from higher brain regions to regulate emotion, thinking, and physical functions, such as blood pressure and perspiration.\nThey found that people with sleep apnea had decreased levels of GABA and unusually high levels of glutamate.\nGABA is a chemical messenger that acts as an inhibitor in the brain, which can slow things down and help keep people calm. It affects mood and helps make endorphins, researchers explain.\nGlutamate, by contrast, is like an accelerator. When glutamate levels are high, the brain is working in a state of stress, and consequently doesn’t function as effectively. High levels of glutamate can also be toxic to nerves and neurons, the researchers noted.\n“In previous studies, we’ve seen structural changes in the brain due to sleep apnea, but in this study we actually found substantial differences in these two chemicals that influence how the brain is working,” said Dr. Paul Macey, the lead researcher on the study and an associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Nursing.\nMacey said the researchers were taken aback by the differences in the GABA and glutamate levels.\n“It is rare to have this size of difference in biological measures,” he said. “We expected an increase in the glutamate, because it is a chemical that causes damage in high doses and we have already seen brain damage from sleep apnea. What we were surprised to see was the drop in GABA. That made us realize that there must be a reorganization of how the brain is working.”\nHe added that the study’s results are actually encouraging.\n“In contrast with damage, if something is working differently, we can potentially fix it,” he said.\n“What comes with sleep apnea are these changes in the brain, so in addition to prescribing continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, physicians now know to pay attention to helping their patients who have these other symptoms,” he continued. “Stress, concentration, memory loss — these are the things people want fixed.”\nA CPAP machine helps an individual sleep easier, and is considered the gold standard treatment for sleep disturbance.\nIn future studies, the researchers said they hope to determine whether treating sleep apnea using CPAP or other methods returns patients’ brain chemicals back to normal levels.\nIf not, they will turn to the question of what treatments could be more effective. The researchers said they are also studying the impacts of mindfulness exercises to see if they can reduce glutamate levels by calming the brain.\nThe study, conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles Sleep Disorder Center, was published in the Journal of Sleep Research.\nSource: University of California Los Angeles\nJan 28\nBenzodiazepine Drugs Tied To Increased Risk of Dementia\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Addiction, Dementia, General on Jan 28th, 2016 | No Comments\nBy Rick Nauert PhD\nNew research suggests the practice of using benzodiazepines to treat psychiatric conditions should be abandoned as evidence suggests the drugs heighten the risk for dementia and death.\nBenzodiazepines include branded prescription drugs like Valium, Ativan, Klonopin, and Xanax. This class of drug received FDA approval in the 1960s and was believed to be a safer alternative to barbiturates.\nDespite new psychiatric protocols, some physicians continue to prescribe benzodiazepines as a primary treatment for insomnia, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and other ailments.\n“Current research is extremely clear and physicians need to partner with their patients to move them into therapies, like antidepressants, that are proven to be safer and more effective,” said Helene Alphonso, DO, a board-certified psychiatrist and Director of Osteopathic Medical Education at North Texas University Health Science Center.\n“Due to a shortage of mental health professionals in rural and underserved areas, we see primary care physicians using this class of drugs to give relief to their patients with psychiatric symptoms. While compassionate, it’s important to understand that a better long-term strategy is needed.”\nAlphonso will review current treatment protocols, outpatient benzodiazepine detox strategies, and alternative anxiety treatments at OMED 15, to be held October 17-21 in Orlando. OMED is the annual medical education conference of the American Osteopathic Association.\nA Canadian review of 9,000 patients found those who had taken a benzodiazepine for three months or less had about the same dementia risk as those who had never taken one. Taking the drug for three to six months raised the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease by 32 percent, and taking it for more than six months boosted the risk by 84 percent. Similar results were found by French researchers studying more than 1,000 elderly patients.\nExperts say the case for limiting the use of benzodiazepines is particularly compelling for patients 65 and older, who are more susceptible to falls, injuries, accidental overdose, and death when taking the drugs. The American Geriatric Society in 2012 labeled the drugs “inappropriate” for treating insomnia, agitation, or delirium because of those risks.\n“It’s imperative to transition older patients because we’re seeing a very strong correlation between use of benzodiazepines and development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. While correlation certainly isn’t causation, there’s ample reason to avoid this class of drugs as a first-line therapy,” Alphonso said.\nSource: American Osteopathic Association/EurekAlert\nDec 19\n6 Secret Signs of Hidden Depression\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Dec 19th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy John M. Grohol, Psy.D.\nLots of people walk through life trying to hide their depression. Some people with hidden depression can conceal their depression like pros, masking their symptoms and putting on a “happy face” for most others.\nPeople with concealed depression or hidden depression often don’t want to acknowledge the severity of their depressive feelings. They believe that if they just continue living their life, the depression will just go away on its own. In a few cases, this may work. But for most folks, it just drags out the feelings of sadness and loneliness.\nDealing with the black dog of depression through concealing one’s true feelings is the way many of us were brought up — we don’t talk about our feelings and we don’t burden others with our troubles. But if a friend or family member is going through something like this — trying to hide or mask their depression — these signs might help you discover what they’re trying to keep concealed.\n6 Signs of Concealed Depression\n1. They have unusual sleep, eating or drinking habits that differ from their normal ones.\nWhen a person seems to have changed the way they sleep or eat in significant ways, that’s often a sign that something is wrong. Sleep is the foundation of both good health and mental health. When a person can’t sleep (or sleeps for far too long) every day, that may be a sign of hidden depression.\nOthers turn to food or alcohol to try and quash their feelings. Overeating can help someone who is depressed feel full, which in turn helps them feel less emotionally empty inside. Drinking may be used to help cover up the feelings of sadness and loneliness that often accompany depression. Sometimes a person will go in the other direction too — losing all interest in food or drinking, because they see no point in it, or it brings them no joy.\n2. They wear a forced “happy face” and are always making excuses.\nWe’ve all seen someone who seems like they are trying to force happiness. It’s a mask we all wear from time to time. But in most cases, the mask wears thin the longer you spend time with the person who’s wearing it. That’s why lots of people with hidden depression try not to spend any more time with others than they absolutely have to. They seem to always have a quick and ready excuse for not being able to hang out, go to dinner, or see you.\nIt’s hard to see behind the mask of happiness that people with hidden depression wear. Sometimes you can catch a glimpse of it in a moment of honesty, or when there’s a conversation lull.\n3. They may talk more philosophically than normal.\nWhen you do finally catch up with a person with masked depression, you may find the conversation turning to philosophical topics they don’t normally talk much about. These might include the meaning of life, or what their life has amounted to so far. They may even open up enough to acknowledge occasional thoughts of wanting to hurt themselves or even thoughts of death. They may talk about finding happiness or a better path in the journey of life.\nThese kinds of topics may be a sign that a person is struggling internally with darker thoughts that they dare not share.\n4. They may put out a cry for help, only to take it back.\nPeople with hidden depression struggle fiercely with keeping it hidden. Sometimes, they give up the struggle to conceal their true feelings and so they tell someone about it. They may even take the first step and make an appointment with a doctor or therapist, and a handful will even will make it to the first session.\nBut then they wake up the next day and realize they’ve gone too far. Seeking out help for their depression would be admitting they truly are depressed. That is an acknowledgment that many people with concealed depression struggle with and cannot make. Nobody else is allowed to see their weakness.\n5. They feel things more intensely than normal.\nA person with masked depression often feels emotions more intensely than others. This might come across as someone who doesn’t normally cry while watching a TV show or movie suddenly breaks out in tears during a poignant scene. Or someone who doesn’t normally get angry about anything suddenly gets very mad at a driver who cut them off in traffic. Or someone who doesn’t usually express terms of endearment suddenly is telling you that they love you.\nIt’s like by keeping their depressive feelings all boxed up, other feelings leak out around the edges more easily.\n6. They may look at things with a less optimistic point of view than usual.\nPsychologists refer to this phenomenon as depressive realism, and there’s some research evidence to suggest that it’s true. When a person suffers from depression, they may actually have a more realistic picture of the world around them and their impact on it. People who aren’t depressed, on the other hand, tend to be more optimistic and have expectations that aren’t as grounded in their actual circumstances. Non-depressed people believed they performed better on laboratory tasks than they actually did, compared to people with depression (Moore & Fresco, 2012).\nIt’s sometimes harder to cover-up this depressive realism, because the difference in attitude may be very small and not come across as something “depressing.” Instead of saying, “I really think I’ll get that promotion this time!” after having been passed over it four previous times, they may say, “Well, I’m up for that promotion again, but I doubt I’ll get it.”\nDec 19\nExercise May Help Reverse Neurodegeneration in Older Adults\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, Elderly, General on Dec 19th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Janice Wood\nNew research has found that older adults who improved their fitness through a moderate intensity exercise program increased the thickness of their brain’s cortex, the outer layer of the brain that typically atrophies with Alzheimer’s disease.\nAccording to a new study from the University of Maryland School of Public Health, the improvements were found in both healthy older adults and those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease.\n“Exercise may help to reverse neurodegeneration and the trend of brain shrinkage that we see in those with MCI and Alzheimer’s,” said Dr. J. Carson Smith, an associate professor of kinesiology and senior author of the study, published in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.\n“Many people think it is too late to intervene with exercise once a person shows symptoms of memory loss, but our data suggest that exercise may have a benefit in this early stage of cognitive decline.”\nFor the study, previously inactive people between the ages of 61 and 88 were put on an exercise regimen that included moderate intensity walking on a treadmill four times a week over a 12-week period.\nOn average, cardiorespiratory fitness improved by about eight percent as a result of the training in all participants, the researchers reported.\nThe researchers also found that the people who showed the greatest improvements in fitness had the most growth in the cortical layer, including both the group diagnosed with MCI and the healthy participants.\nBoth groups showed strong associations between increased fitness and increased cortical thickness after the intervention. But the MCI participants showed greater improvements compared to the healthy group in the left insula and superior temporal gyrus, two brain regions that have been shown to exhibit accelerated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, the study found.\nSmith previously reported that the participants in this exercise intervention showed improvements in neural efficiency during memory recall, and this new data adds to the evidence for the positive impact of exercise on cognitive function.\nOther research he has published has shown that moderate intensity physical activity, such as walking for 30 minutes three to four days a week, may protect brain health by staving off shrinkage of the hippocampus in older adults.\nSmith noted that he plans future studies that include more participants engaging in a longer-term exercise intervention to see if greater improvements can be seen over time, and if the effects persist over the long term.\nThe key unanswered question is if regular moderate intensity physical activity could reverse or delay cognitive decline and help keep people out of nursing homes and enable them to maintain their independence as they age, he noted.\nSource: University of Maryland\nDec 19\nDiet Shown to Slow Cognitive Decline\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, Elderly, General on Dec 19th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Rick Nauert PhD\nAlthough the aging process often includes diminished intellectual capabilities, emerging research suggests eating a group of specific foods may slow cognitive decline.\nRush University Medical Center researchers say a food plan that blend parts of the Mediterranean and DASH diets may retard cognitive decline even among aging adults who are not at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.\nThis finding is in addition to a previous study by the research team that found that the diet may reduce a person’s risk in developing Alzheimer’s disease.\nThe recent study shows that older adults who followed the diet more rigorously showed an equivalent of being 7.5 years younger cognitively than those who followed the diet least. The results of the study appear online in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.\nThe National Institute of Aging funded study evaluated cognitive change over a period of 4.7 years among 960 older adults who were free of dementia on enrollment.\nStudy participants were part of the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a study of residents of more than 40 retirement communities and senior public housing units in the Chicago area. Average participant age during the study was 81.4 years.\nDuring the course of the study, participants received annual, standardized testing for cognitive ability in five areas: episodic memory, working memory, semantic memory, visuospatial ability and perceptual speed. The study group also completed annual food frequency questionnaires, allowing the researchers to compare participants’ reported adherence to the MIND diet with changes in their cognitive abilities as measured by the tests.\nMartha Clare Morris, Sc.D., a nutritional epidemiologist, and colleagues developed the diet, whose full name is the Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay. As the name suggests, the MIND diet is a hybrid of the Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets.\nBoth diets have been found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular conditions, like hypertension, heart attack and stroke.\n“Everyone experiences decline with aging; and Alzheimer’s disease is now the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., which accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Therefore, prevention of cognitive decline, the defining feature of dementia, is now more important than ever,” Morris says.\n“Delaying dementia’s onset by just five years can reduce the cost and prevalence by nearly half.”\nThe MIND diet has 15 dietary components, including 10 “brain-healthy food groups” and five unhealthy groups: red meat, butter and stick margarine, cheese, pastries and sweets, and fried or fast food.\nTo adhere to and benefit from the MIND diet, a person would need to eat at least three servings of whole grains, a green leafy vegetable and one other vegetable every day. Additionally participants are asked to drink a glass of wine, snack most days on nuts, have beans every other day or so, eat poultry and berries at least twice a week and fish at least once a week.\nIn addition, the study found that to have a real shot at avoiding the devastating effects of cognitive decline, he or she must limit intake of the designated unhealthy foods, especially butter (less than 1 tablespoon a day), sweets and pastries, whole fat cheese, and fried or fast food (less than a serving a week for any of the three).\nBerries are the only fruit specifically to be included in the MIND diet. “Blueberries are one of the more potent foods in terms of protecting the brain,” Morris says, and strawberries also have performed well in past studies of the effect of food on cognitive function.\n“The MIND diet modifies the Mediterranean and DASH diets to highlight the foods and nutrients shown through the scientific literature to be associated with dementia prevention.” Morris explains.\n“There is still a great deal of study we need to do in this area, and I expect that we’ll make further modifications as the science on diet and the brain advances.”\nSource: Rush University Medical Center/EurekAlert\nDec 19\nStress Can Up Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Dec 19th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Janice Wood\nNew research has discovered that stress increases the likelihood that elderly people will develop mild cognitive impairment, often a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease.\nIn a new study, scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System in New York found that highly stressed people were more than twice as likely to become cognitively impaired than those who were not.\nBecause stress is treatable, the study’s findings suggest that detecting and treating stress in older people might help delay or even prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s, the researchers noted in the study, which was published in Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders.\nEach year, about 470,000 Americans are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia. Many of them first experienced mild cognitive impairment, a pre-dementia condition that significantly increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s.\nFor the new study, scientists looked at the connection between chronic stress and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the most common type of MCI, which is primarily characterized by memory loss.\n“Our study provides strong evidence that perceived stress increases the likelihood that an older person will develop aMCI,” said Richard Lipton, M.D., senior author of the study, vice chair of neurology at Einstein and Montefiore.\n“Fortunately, perceived stress is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, making it a potential target for treatment.”\n“Perceived stress reflects the daily hassles we all experience, as well as the way we appraise and cope with these events,” said the study’s first author, Mindy Katz, M.P.H., a senior associate in the Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology at Einstein.\n“Perceived stress can be altered by mindfulness-based stress reduction, cognitive-behavioral therapies and stress-reducing drugs. These interventions may postpone or even prevent an individual’s cognitive decline.”\nThe researchers studied data collected from 507 people enrolled in the Einstein Aging Study (EAS). Since 1993, the EAS has recruited adults 70 and over who live in Bronx County, N.Y.\nParticipants undergo annual assessments that include clinical evaluations, a neuropsychological battery of tests, psychosocial measures, medical history, assessments of daily activities, and reports — by the participants and those close to them — of memory and other cognitive complaints.\nStarting in 2005, the EAS began assessing stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). This 14-item measure of psychological stress was designed to be sensitive to chronic stress due to ongoing life circumstances, possible future events, and other causes perceived over the previous month. PSS scores range from zero to 56, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress, the researchers explained.\nThe diagnosis of aMCI was based on standard clinical criteria, including the results of recall tests and reports of forgetfulness from the participants or from others.\nAll 507 enrollees were free of aMCI or dementia at their initial PSS assessment and subsequently underwent at least one annual follow-up evaluation. They were followed for an average of 3.6 years.\nDuring the study, 71 of the 507 participants were diagnosed with aMCI. The greater the participants’ stress level, the greater their risk for developing aMCI, according to the researchers.\nFor every five point increase in their PSS scores, their risk of developing aMCI increased by 30 percent.\nSimilar results were obtained when participants were divided into five groups based on their PSS scores. Participants in the highest-stress group were nearly 2.5 times more likely to develop aMCI than were people in the remaining four groups combined.\nWhen comparing the two groups, participants in the high-stress group were more likely to be female and have less education and higher levels of depression, the researchers added.\nSource: Albert Einstein College of Medicine\nNov 15\nComputer Game Can Aid Memory in Older Adults\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Nov 15th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Janice Wood\nA new study has shown that just one month of training on a new computer game can help older adults strengthen prospective memory, the type of memory necessary for planning, everyday functioning, and independent living.\nOlder adults who played the cognitive-training game, called Virtual Week, “more than doubled” the number of prospective memory tasks performed correctly compared to seniors who performed other activities, such as taking music classes, according to researchers at the Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences in Toronto, Canada.\nProspective memory, which refers to the ability to remember and successfully carry out intentions and planned activities during the day, tends to weaken with age, the researchers noted. It accounts for between 50 percent to 80 percent of reported everyday memory problems, they added.\nThe study incorporated a “train for transfer” approach, utilizing a training intervention to have participants practice performing real-world prospective memory tasks in simulated every day settings and then assessing whether the cognitive gains transfer to successful performance at home, the researchers explained.\n“As the world’s population ages, it is becoming increasingly important to develop ways to support successful prospective memory functioning so that older adults can continue to live independently at home without the need for assisted care,” said Dr. Nathan Rose, lead investigator of the study and now a research fellow in the School of Psychology at the Australian Catholic University in Melbourne.\n“While these results are encouraging, they represent a first step in exploring the efficacy of prospective memory training with the Virtual Week training program,” added Dr. Fergus Craik, a memory researcher based at Baycrest and senior author on the paper, which was published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.\n“Perhaps the most exciting aspect is that training in the lab resulted in improvements in real-life memory tasks. This lab-to-life transfer has been difficult to achieve in previous studies.”\nFor the study, researchers developed a version of a computerized board game called Virtual Week in which players simulate going through the course of a day on a circuit that resembles a Monopoly board.\nPlayers move their tokens through a virtual day. Along the way, they have to remember to perform several tasks, such as taking medication or taking their dinner out of the oven at appropriate times.\nResearchers recruited 59 healthy adults between the ages of 60 and 79, who played 24 levels of the game over a one-month period.\nThe difficulty of the game increased over the course of training in terms of the number of tasks to be completed each day, the complexity of tasks, and interference with prior tasks. The difficulty was adjusted to each individual’s level of performance on the previous day.\nProspective memory performance measures were taken before the training began and after, then compared to two control groups; one of which received a music-based cognitive training program and the other which received no intervention. The researchers also developed a “call-back” task in which participants had to remember to phone the lab from home during their every day activities.\nThe researchers found large training gains in prospective memory performance in the group that played the Virtual Week game. Moreover, these gains transferred to significant improvements in real-world prospective memory, including on tasks such as counting change and following medication instructions, according to the researchers.\nBrain imaging (EEG) on a subset of the groups showed some evidence of neuroplasticity — brain changes — that correlated to correct prospective memory performance, the researchers report. These brain changes were particularly associated with the ability to stop oneself from carrying on with ongoing activities and switch to performing an intended action at the appropriate time.\nThe early findings are so promising that the researchers have been awarded a grant from the Australian Research Council, in partnership with Villa Maria Catholic Homes, to follow up on the study with a large randomized control trial.\nThe research team was also awarded a grant with colleagues in the Centre for Heart and Mind at the Australian Catholic University’s Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research to implement the game-based cognitive training program in patients with chronic heart failure, a group that demonstrates severe prospective memory problems associated with self-care.\nSource: Baycrest Health Sciences\nOct 27\nBenzodiazepine Drugs Tied To Increased Risk of Dementia\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Anxiety, Dementia, General on Oct 27th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Rick Nauert PhD\nNew research suggests the practice of using benzodiazepines to treat psychiatric conditions should be abandoned as evidence suggests the drugs heighten the risk for dementia and death.\nBenzodiazepines include branded prescription drugs like Valium, Ativan, Klonopin, and Xanax. This class of drug received FDA approval in the 1960s and was believed to be a safer alternative to barbiturates.\nDespite new psychiatric protocols, some physicians continue to prescribe benzodiazepines as a primary treatment for insomnia, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and other ailments.\n“Current research is extremely clear and physicians need to partner with their patients to move them into therapies, like antidepressants, that are proven to be safer and more effective,” said Helene Alphonso, DO, a board-certified psychiatrist and Director of Osteopathic Medical Education at North Texas University Health Science Center.\n“Due to a shortage of mental health professionals in rural and underserved areas, we see primary care physicians using this class of drugs to give relief to their patients with psychiatric symptoms. While compassionate, it’s important to understand that a better long-term strategy is needed.”\nAlphonso will review current treatment protocols, outpatient benzodiazepine detox strategies, and alternative anxiety treatments at OMED 15, to be held October 17-21 in Orlando. OMED is the annual medical education conference of the American Osteopathic Association.\nA Canadian review of 9,000 patients found those who had taken a benzodiazepine for three months or less had about the same dementia risk as those who had never taken one. Taking the drug for three to six months raised the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease by 32 percent, and taking it for more than six months boosted the risk by 84 percent. Similar results were found by French researchers studying more than 1,000 elderly patients.\nExperts say the case for limiting the use of benzodiazepines is particularly compelling for patients 65 and older, who are more susceptible to falls, injuries, accidental overdose, and death when taking the drugs. The American Geriatric Society in 2012 labeled the drugs “inappropriate” for treating insomnia, agitation, or delirium because of those risks.\n“It’s imperative to transition older patients because we’re seeing a very strong correlation between use of benzodiazepines and development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. While correlation certainly isn’t causation, there’s ample reason to avoid this class of drugs as a first-line therapy,” Alphonso said.\nSource: American Osteopathic Association/EurekAlert\nOct 17\nWhat’s the Difference Between Alzheimer’s and Dementia\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Oct 17th, 2015 | No Comments\nWhen someone is told they have dementia, it means they have significant memory problems as well as other cognitive difficulties. Most of the time dementia is caused by Alzheimer’s disease.\nIn many parts of the world the words Alzheimer’s and dementia are used interchangeably.\nWhile dementia is an all encompassing term, Alzheimer’s disease relates to a specific type of dementia.\nContrary to what some people may think, dementia is not a less severe problem, with Alzheimer’s disease being a more severe problem.\nThere is great confusion about the difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia.\nIn a nutshell, dementia is a syndrome, and Alzheimer’s is the cause of the symptom.\nWhen someone is told they have dementia, it means that they have significant memory problems as well as other cognitive difficulties, and that these problems are severe enough to get in the way of daily living.\nToo often, patients and their family members are told by their doctors that the patient has been diagnosed with “a little bit of dementia.” They leave the doctor’s visit with a feeling of relief that at least they don’t have Alzheimer’s disease (AD).\nThe confusion is felt on the part of patients, family members, the media, and even health care providers. This article provides information to reduce the confusion by defining and describing these two common and often poorly understood terms.\nWhat’s the difference between Alzheimer’s disease and dementia?\n“Dementia” is a term that has replaced a more out-of-date word, “senility,” to refer to cognitive changes with advanced age.\nDementia includes a group of symptoms, the most prominent of which is memory difficulty with additional problems in at least one other area of cognitive functioning, including language, attention, problem solving, spatial skills, judgment, planning, or organization.\nThese cognitive problems are a noticeable change compared to the person’s cognitive functioning earlier in life and are severe enough to get in the way of normal daily living, such as social and occupational activities.\nA good analogy to the term dementia is “fever.” Fever refers to an elevated temperature, indicating that a person is sick. But it does not give any information about what is causing the sickness.\nIn the same way, dementia means that there is something wrong with a person’s brain, but it does not provide any information about what is causing the memory or cognitive difficulties.\nDementia is not a disease; it is the clinical presentation or symptoms of a disease. There are many possible causes of dementia. Some causes are reversible, such as certain thyroid conditions or vitamin deficiencies. If these underlying problems are identified and treated, then the dementia reverses and the person can return to normal functioning.\nHowever, most causes of dementia are not reversible. Rather, they are degenerative diseases of the brain that get worse over time. The most common cause of dementia is AD, accounting for as many as 70-80% of all cases of dementia.\nApproximately 5.3 million Americans currently live with Alzheimer’s Disease.\nAs people get older, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease increases, with approximately 50% of people age 85 and older having the disease.\nIt is important to note, however, that although Alzheimer’s is extremely common in later years of life, it is not part of normal aging. For that matter, dementia is not part of normal aging.\nIf someone has dementia (due to whatever underlying cause), it represents an important problem in need of appropriate diagnosis and treatment by a well-trained health care provider who specializes in degenerative diseases.\nIn a nutshell, dementia is a symptom, and Alzheimer’s Disease is the cause of the symptom.\nWhen someone is told they have dementia, it means that they have significant memory problems as well as other cognitive difficulties, and that these problems are severe enough to get in the way of daily living.\nMost of the time, dementia is caused by the specific brain disease, AD. However, some uncommon degenerative causes of dementia include vascular dementia (also referred to as multi-infarct dementia), frontotemporal dementia, Lewy Body disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.\nContrary to what some people may think, dementia is not a less severe problem, with AD being a more severe problem.\nHow to Test Your Memory for Alzheimer’s\nThere is not a continuum with dementia on one side and AD at the extreme. Rather, there can be early or mild stages of AD, which then progress to moderate and severe stages of the disease.\nOne reason for the confusion about dementia and AD is that it is not possible to diagnose AD with 100% accuracy while someone is alive. Rather, AD can only truly be diagnosed after death, upon autopsy when the brain tissue is carefully examined by a specialized doctor referred to as a neuropathologist.\nDuring life, a patient can be diagnosed with “probable AD.” This term is used by doctors and researchers to indicate that, based on the person’s symptoms, the course of the symptoms, and the results of various tests, it is very likely that the person will show pathological features of AD when the brain tissue is examined following death.\nIn specialty memory clinics and research programs, such as the BU ADC, the accuracy of a probable AD diagnosis can be excellent. And with the results of exciting new research, such as that being conducted at the BU ADC, the accuracy of AD diagnosis during life is getting better and better. This contribution was made by Dr. Robert Stern, Director of the BU ADC Clinical Core.\nSAGE: A Test to Detect Signs of Alzheimer’s and Dementia\nCatch memory problems early, take the SAGE test.\nThe Self-Administered Gerocognitive Exam (SAGE) is designed to detect early signs of cognitive, memory or thinking impairments. It evaluates your thinking abilities and helps physicians to know how well your brain is working.\nTake the SAGE Test\nYou do not need special equipment to take SAGE – just pen and paper. There are four forms of the SAGE test. You only need to take one. It doesn’t matter which one you take; they are all interchangeable.\nClick on the link below to download the test. Print it out and answer the questions in ink without the assistance of others. Don’t look at the clock or calendar while taking the test, and if you have questions about an item, just do the best you can. The average time to complete this four-page test is 10 to 15 minutes, but there is no time limit.\nDownload Test: http://wexnermedical.osu.edu/~/media/Files/WexnerMedical/Patient-Care/Healthcare-Services/Brain-Spine-Neuro/Memory-Disorders/SAGE/Forms/sage-form-1-us.pdf?la=en\nWhy take the SAGE test?\nYou may want to take SAGE if you are concerned that you might have cognitive issues. Or you may wish to have your family or friends take the test if they are having memory or thinking problems. The difficulties listed can be early signs of cognitive and brain dysfunction. While dementia or Alzheimer’s disease can lead to these symptoms, there are many other treatable disorders that also may cause these signs.\nIt is normal to experience some memory loss and to take longer to recall events as you age. But if the changes you are experiencing are worrying you or others around you, SAGE can be a helpful tool to assess if further evaluation is necessary.\nUnfortunately, many people do not seek help for these kinds of symptoms until they have experienced them for several years. There are many treatable causes of cognitive and thinking loss, and in some cases, medications or other treatments can be very effective-especially if provided when symptoms first begin.\nRemember that SAGE does not diagnose any specific condition. The results of SAGE will not tell you if you have Alzheimer’s disease, mini-strokes or any number of other disorders. But the results can help your doctor know if further evaluation is necessary.\nWhat do I do after I take the test?\nAfter you complete the test, take it to your primary care physician. Your doctor will score it and interpret the results. If indicated, your doctor will order some tests to further evaluate your symptoms or refer you for further evaluation.\nIf your score does not indicate any need for further evaluation, your doctor can keep the test on file as a baseline for the future. That means, you can take the test again in the future, and the doctor can see if there are any changes over time.\nThere is no answer sheet provided here for you to score yourself because there are multiple correct answers to many of the questions on the test. SAGE should be scored by your physician.\nIf you do not have a primary care physician, you can find one through our list of providers at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center.\nOct 4\n5 Signs of Dementia You Probably Didn’t Know About\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Oct 4th, 2015 | No Comments\nby Dr. David Samadi\n1. Feeling depressed: Changes in mood are also common with dementia. Loved ones often notice this. Depression, for instance, is typical in the early stages of dementia. Along with mood changes, personality changes also occur. A typical sign is a shift from being shy to outgoing from judgement being affected through the disease.\n2. Carrying Extra Weight: A significant study released in May 2011 published in the journal, Neurology, linked a high body mass index to an increased risk for dementia.\n3. Can’t sleep: If you have trouble sleeping, it could be an early sign of dementia. Published in the journal Annals of Neurology in December 2011 39% of 1300 women who were participants in the study had developed some mild cognitive impairment by the end of the 5-year period.\n4. Walking Slow: Declining motor skills is a common sign of dementia. As the condition progresses, difficulty with motor functions and coordination will arise. Patients will lose the ability to do small daily tasks like going to the bathroom or getting dressed.\n5. Memory Loss—Obviously this is the major one. You or your loved ones may notice memory loss affects the daily routine the most. Patients may experience subtle short-term memory changes:\nAbility to focus and pay attention\nReasoning and judgment\nVisual perception\nCognitive changes should be expected such as difficulty with:\nFollowing storylines\nFinding the right wording\nCommunicating or finding words\nComplex tasks\nPlanning and organizing\nCoordination and motor functions\nProblems with disorientation, such as getting lost\nSep 25\nToo Little Vitamin D May Hasten Mental Decline\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Sep 25th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Steven Reinberg, HealthDay News\nStudy found adults with low levels more likely to have dementia, and poor memory and thinking skills.\nMental function may decline faster in older adults with low levels of vitamin D, a new study suggests.\nAmong more than 380 people the researchers followed for an average of five years, those with dementia had the lowest levels of vitamin D.\n“It is unclear what vitamin D might be doing,” said study author Joshua Miller, chair of the department of nutritional sciences at Rutgers University School of Environmental and Biological Sciences in New Brunswick, N.J.\n“There is good evidence that vitamin D gets into all cells of the body, including the brain,” Miller said, so it’s possible that vitamin D protects the brain from developing the plaques and tangles that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease.\nUnfortunately, “there’s a good chance that most people over 75 in the United States are vitamin D-deficient,” he noted.\nMiller cautioned that there’s no proof that taking vitamin D supplements will slow mental decline, as this study only showed an association between the two.\n“All we can say is that supplements might be helpful to you,” he said. “And the downside of taking supplements is very small.”\nThe report was published online Sept. 14 in the journal JAMA Neurology.\nThe recommended daily intake of vitamin D for older adults is 600 to 800 IU, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Vitamin D, called the sunshine vitamin, is found in fortified foods, such as milk, orange juice, cereals and yogurt. Fish, egg yolks and liver also contain the vitamin.\nMiller and his colleagues defined four levels of vitamin D in blood: deficiency as less than 12 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL); insufficient as 12 to less than 20 ng/mL; adequate as 20 to less than 50 ng/mL; and high as 50 ng/mL or more.\nThe researchers found that most people in the study had levels of vitamin D that were too low; 26 percent were vitamin D-deficient and 35 percent were vitamin D-insufficient. Blacks and Hispanics had the lowest vitamin D levels, compared with whites.\nBlacks and other minorities have higher concentrations of melanin, which makes their skin darker, but this inhibits synthesis of vitamin D, the researchers explained.\nAlso, dietary intake of vitamin D comes mostly from dairy products, and minority groups tend to consume low amounts of dairy foods, the study authors added.\nThe average age of participants in the study was slightly over 75 years old. At the start of the trial, 17.5 percent of the participants had dementia, almost 33 percent had some problems with thinking and memory (mild cognitive impairment) and 49.5 percent were mentally normal.\nVitamin D levels were lower among those with dementia at 16 ng/mL, compared with those with mild cognitive impairment (20 ng/mL) and mentally normal participants (19.7 ng/mL), Miller’s team found.\nDuring follow-up, the rates of decline in memory, thinking and problem-solving among those who were vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-insufficient were larger than among those with adequate levels of vitamin D, the researchers found.\nLevels of vitamin D were not significantly linked with decline in the memory of things and events stored in long-term memory or with the ability to perceive visual and spatial relationships, the study found.\nDr. Sam Gandy, director of the Center for Cognitive Health at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, said, “Vitamin D levels should be checked at least once in people 55 and older, and should be a part of any evaluation of mental impairment.”\nGandy, who was not involved with the study, doesn’t think that older people should be taking vitamin D supplements as a matter of course, however.\n“I would stop short of recommending general use of supplements by everyone,” he said. “But certainly everyone should have their levels checked at least once in midlife and if there is any mental issue.”\nJun 23\nMemory Tests May Foreshadow Alzheimer’s Decades Before Diagnosis\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on Jun 23rd, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Rick Nauert PhD\nResults from a new study suggests that errors on memory and thinking tests may signal Alzheimer’s up to 18 years before the disease can be diagnosed.\nFor the study, 2,125 European-American and African-American people from Chicago with an average age of 73 without Alzheimer’s disease were given tests of memory and thinking skills every three years for 18 years.\nRush University Medical Center researchers have published their finding in the online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.\n“The changes in thinking and memory that precede obvious symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease begin decades before,” said study author Kumar B. Rajan, Ph.D.\n“While we cannot currently detect such changes in individuals at risk, we were able to observe them among a group of individuals who eventually developed dementia due to Alzheimer’s.”\nTwenty-three percent of African-Americans and 17 percent of European-Americans developed Alzheimer’s disease during the study. Those who scored lower overall on the memory and thinking tests had an increased risk of developing the disease.\nDuring the first year of the study, people with lower test scores were about 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease than people with higher scores, with the odds increasing by 10 for every standard deviation that the score was lower than the average.\nBased on tests completed 13 to 18 years before the final assessments took place, one unit lower in performance of the standardized cognitive test score was associated with an 85 percent greater risk (relative risk of 1.85) of future dementia.\n“While that risk is lower than the same one unit lower performance when measured in the year before dementia assessment, the observation that lower test scores 13 to 18 years later indicates how subtle declines in cognitive function affect future risk,” said Rajan.\nThe findings support conceptualizing Alzheimer’s disease as a progressive condition that has mild or subtle beginnings.\n“A general current concept is that in development of Alzheimer’s disease, certain physical and biologic changes precede memory and thinking impairment. If this is so, then these underlying processes may have a very long duration.\nEfforts to successfully prevent the disease may well require a better understanding of these processes near middle age,” Rajan said.\nSource: American Academy of Neurology/EurekAlert\nJun 14\nRecurrent Major Depression, Antidepressants Linked to Lower Bone Density in Men\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General, Medical / Health on Jun 14th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Traci Pedersen\nRecurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) in men, according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland in collaboration with Deakin University, Australia. The use of antidepressants is also associated with lower BMD, but this link is dependent on weight and site of bone measurement.\nOsteoporosis is a common health problem, particularly among postmenopausal women, and an underlying factor in fragility fractures. In the elderly, susceptibility to fracture and serious hip fractures can result in long-term hospitalization and decreased state of health.\nRisk factors include low levels of physical activity, smoking, low intake of calcium and vitamin D, as well as certain medications and diseases. Lower bone density has also been linked to depression.\nThis might be due to depression-induced long-term stress and increased secretion of inflammatory markers. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used to treat depression have been shown to weaken bone health as well.\nAlthough most studies have focused on postmenopausal women, the new study analyzed the association of single and recurrent MDD episodes and the use of antidepressants with bone density in men.\nBetween 2006 and 2011, 928 male participants (aged 24-98 years) completed a comprehensive questionnaire and had BMD assessments at the forearm, spine, total hip, and total body. MDD was identified using a structured clinical interview.\nNine percent of the study population had experienced a single MDD episode, and five percent had suffered from recurrent MDD. Furthermore, seven percent of the study participants reported the use of antidepressants at the time of assessment.\nThe findings showed that recurrent MDD was associated with lower BMD at the forearm (-6.5 percent) and total body (-2.5 percent) compared to men with no history of MDD, while single MDD episodes were associated with higher BMD at the total hip (+3.4 percent).\nAntidepressant use was tied to lower BMD only in lower-weight men and varied across the bone sites. For example, the use of antidepressants was associated with reduced bone density in the hip in men weighing less than 242 pounds.\nIn the forearm, however, the association of anti-depressants with reduced bone density was not observed in men until their body weight was under 165 pounds.\nFinally, the findings show that recurrent major depression may increase the risk of osteoporosis in men. Furthermore, the use of antidepressants should be taken into account as a potential risk factor of osteoporosis especially in men with a low body weight.\nThe study constitutes part of the Ph.D. project of Researcher Päivi Rauma, focusing on the effects of depression and antidepressants on bone health. The findings are published in the Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions.\nMay 5\nChallenging Work Can Protect Our Brains As We Age\nPosted by Martin Kluger in Dementia, General on May 5th, 2015 | No Comments\nBy Janice Wood\nPeople whose jobs require more speaking, developing strategies, conflict resolution, and managerial tasks may experience better protection against

Osteoarthritis Article - StatPearls\nKnowledge Base\nSearch\nAbout\nhome\nconnective tissue\nOsteoarthritis\nShare\nOsteoarthritis\nArticle Author:\nRouhin Sen\nArticle Editor:\nJohn Hurley\nUpdated:\n2/10/2019 6:41:54 PM\nPubMed Link:\nOsteoarthritis\nIntroduction\nOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis in the world. It can be classified into 2 categories: primary osteoarthritis and secondary osteoarthritis. Classically, OA presents with joint pain and loss of function; however, the disease is clinically very variable and can present merely as an asymptomatic incidental finding to a devastating and permanently disabling disorder.[1][2][3]\nEtiology\nRisk factors for developing OA include age, female gender, obesity, anatomical factors, muscle weakness, and joint injury (occupation/sports activities).\nPrimary OA is the most common subset of the disease and is diagnosed in the absence of a predisposing trauma or disease but is associated with the risk factors listed above.\nSecondary OA occurs with preexisting joint abnormality. Predisposing conditions include trauma or injury, congenital joint disorders, inflammatory arthritis, avascular necrosis, infectious arthritis, Paget disease, osteopetrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, metabolic disorders (hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease), hemoglobinopathy, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or Marfan syndrome.[4][5]\nEpidemiology\nOA affects about 3.3% to 3.6% of the population globally. It causes moderate to severe disability in 43 million people making it the 11th most debilitating disease around the world. In the United States, it is estimated that 80% of the population over 65 years old has radiographic evidence of OA, although only 60% of this subset has symptoms. This is because radiographic OA is at least twice as common as symptomatic OA. Therefore, changes on radiograph do not prove that OA is the cause of the patient’s joint pain. In 2011, there were almost 1 million hospitalizations for OA with an aggregate cost of nearly $15 billion making it the second most expensive disease seen in the United States. [1][3]\nPathophysiology\nOA is a disease of the entire joint sparing no tissues. The cause of OA is an interplay of risk factors (mentioned above), mechanical stress, and abnormal joint mechanics. The combination leads to pro-inflammatory markers and proteases that eventually mediate joint destruction. The complete pathway that leads to the destruction of the entire joint is unknown.\nUsually, the earliest changes in OA are at the level of the articular cartilage that develops surface fibrillation, irregularity, and focal erosions. These erosions eventually extend down to the bone and continually expand to involve more of the joint surface. On a microscopic level, after cartilage injury, the collagen matrix is damaged causing chondrocytes to proliferate and form clusters. A phenotypic change to hypertrophic chondrocyte occurs causing cartilage outgrowths that ossify and form osteophytes. As more of the collagen matrix is damaged, chondrocytes undergo apoptosis. Improperly mineralized collagen causes subchondral bone thickening; in advanced disease, bone cysts infrequently occur. Even rarer, bony erosions appear in erosive OA.\nThere is also some degree of synovial inflammation and hypertrophy although this is not the inciting factor as it is for inflammatory arthritis. Soft tissue structures (ligaments, joint capsule, menisci) are also affected. In end-stage OA, both calcium phosphate and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals are present. Their role is unclear, but they are thought to contribute to synovial inflammation.[6][7][8]\nHistory and Physical\nThe presentation and progression of OA vary greatly from person to person. The triad of symptoms of OA is joint pain, stiffness, and locomotor restriction. Patients can also present with muscle weakness and balance issues.\nPain is typically related to activity and resolves with rest. In those patients in whom the disease progresses, pain is more continuous and begins to affect activities of daily living, eventually causing severe limitations in function. Patients may also experience bony swelling, joint deformity, and instability (patients complain that joint is “giving way” or “buckling,” a sign of muscle weakness).\nOA typically affects proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, first carpometacarpal (CMC) joints, hips, knees, first metatarsophalangeal joints, and joints of the lower cervical and lumbar spine. OA can be monoarticular or polyarticular in the presentation. Joints can be at different stages of disease progression. Typical exam findings in OA include bony enlargement, crepitus, effusions (non-inflammatory), and limited range of motions. Tenderness may be present at joint lines, and there may be pain upon passive motion. Classic physical exam findings in hand OA include Heberden’s nodes (posterolateral swellings of DIP joints), Bouchard’s nodes (posterolateral swellings of PIP joints), and “squaring” at the base of the thumb (first CMC joints).\nEvaluation\nA thorough history and physical exam (with focused musculoskeletal exam) should be done in all patients with some findings summarized above. OA is a clinical diagnosis and can be diagnosed with confidence if the following are present: 1) pain worse with activity and better with rest, 2) age > 45 years, 3) morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes, 4) bony joint enlargement, and 5) limitation in range of motion. A differential diagnosis should include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, crystalline arthritis, hemochromatosis, bursitis, avascular necrosis, tendinitis, radiculopathy, among other soft tissue abnormalities.[9][10]\nBlood tests such as CBC, ESR, rheumatoid factor, ANA are usually normal in OA although they may be ordered to rule out inflammatory arthritis. If the synovial fluid is obtained, the white blood cell count should be <2000/uL, predominantly mononuclear cells (non-inflammatory) to be consistent with a diagnosis of OA.\nX-rays of the affected joint can show findings consistent with OA such as marginal osteophytes, joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, and cysts; however, radiographic findings do not correlate to the severity of disease and may not be present early in the disease. MRI is not routinely indicated for OA workup; however, it can detect OA at earlier stages than normal radiographs. Ultrasound can also identify synovial inflammation, effusion, and osteophytes which can be related to OA.\nThere are several classification systems for OA. In general, they include the joints affects, the age of onset, radiographic appearance, presumed etiology (primary vs. secondary), and rate of progression. The American College of Rheumatology classification is the most widely used classification system. At this time, it is not possible to predict which patients will progress to severe OA and which patients will have their disease arrest at earlier stages.\nTreatment / Management\nTreatment goals for OA are to minimize both pain and functional loss. Comprehensive management of the disease involves both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies. Typically, patients with mild symptoms can be managed by the former while more advanced diseases need a combination of both.[11][12][13]\nMainstays for non-pharmacologic therapy includes 1) avoidance of activities exacerbating pain or overloading joint, 2) exercise to improve strength, 3) weight loss, and 4) occupational therapy for unloading of joint via brace, splint, cane, or crutch. Weight loss is an extremely important intervention in those who are overweight and obese; each pound of weight loss can decrease the load across the knee 3 to 6-fold. Formal physical therapy can help immensely in assisting patients on how to use equipment such as canes appropriately while also instructing them on exercises. Exercise programs that combine both aerobic and resistance training have been shown to decrease pain and improve physical function in multiple trials and should be encouraged by physicians regularly. Malalignment of joints should be corrected via mechanical means such as realignment knee brace or orthotics.\nPharmacotherapy of OA involves oral, topical, and/or intra-articular options. Acetaminophen and oral NSAIDs are the most popular and affordable options for OA and are usually the initial choice of pharmacologic treatment. NSAIDs are usually prescribed orally or topically and initially, should be started as needed rather than scheduled. Due to gastrointestinal toxicity, and renal and cardiovascular side effects, oral NSAIDs should be used very cautiously and with close monitoring long term. Topical NSAIDs are less efficacious than their oral counterparts but do offer fewer gastrointestinal and other systemic side effects; however, they often cause local skin irritation.\nIntra-articular joint injections can also be an effective treatment for OA, especially in a setting of acute pain. Glucocorticoid injections have a variable response, and there is ongoing controversy regarding repeated injections. Hyaluronic acid injections are another option, but their efficacy over placebo is also controversial. Notably, there is no role for oral glucocorticoids.\nDuloxetine has modest efficacy in OA; opioids can be used in those patients without adequate response to above and who may not be candidates for surgery or refuse it all together.\nIt is important to note that patients vary greatly in their response to treatment, and there is a large component of trial and error in selecting the agents that will be most effective. In those patients specifically with knee or hip OA who have failed multiple non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities, surgery is the next option. Failure rates for both knee and hip replacements are quite low, and they can provide pain relief and increased functionality. The timing of surgery is key to predict success. Very poor functional status and considerable muscle weakness may not lead to improved post-operative functional status compared to those patients undergoing surgery earlier in the disease course.[14][15]\nDifferential Diagnosis\nA differential diagnosis should include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, crystalline arthritis, hemochromatosis, bursitis, avascular necrosis, tendinitis, radiculopathy, among other soft tissue abnormalities.\nComplications\nPain\nFalls\nDifficulty ambulation\nJoint malalignment\nDecreased range of motion of the joint\nRadiculopathies\nPostoperative and Rehabilitation Care\nLifestyle changes - especially enrollment in exercise and weight reduction\nEnhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes\nOsteoarthritis is a chronic progressive disorder that affects millions of people with advancing age. The condition has no cure and is managed by a team of healthcare professionals that include an internist, radiologist, endocrinologist, orthopedic surgeon, and a rheumatologist. The nurse, pharmacist and the physical therapist are also integral members of the team. Patients with osteoarthritis need to be educated on the natural history of the disease and understand their treatment options. Obese patients need a dietary consult and enroll in an exercise program. Evidence shows that water-based activities can help relieve symptoms and improve joint function, hence consultation with a physical therapist is recommended. Further, many of these patients may benefit from a walking aid. Patients with pain should become familiar with the types of drugs and supplements available and their potential adverse effects. Only through education of the patient can the morbidity of this disorder be decreased.[16][17][18] (Level V)\nEvidence-Based Outcomes\nThe prognosis for patients with osteoarthritis depends on the joint involved, how many joints are involved and the severity. There is no cure for osteoarthritis and all the currently available treatments are all directed towards the reduction of symptoms. Factors associated with rapid progression of the disease include obesity, advanced age, multiple joint involvement and presence of varus deformity. Patients who undergo joint replacement tend to have a good prognosis with success rates over 80%. However, most of the prosthetic joints wear out in 10-15 years and repeat surgery is required. Also of importance is that patients must undergo preoperative workup as the post-surgical complications can be serious and disabling.[19][20][21] (Level V)\nReferences\n[1] Bortoluzzi A,Furini F,Scirè CA, Osteoarthritis and its management - Epidemiology, nutritional aspects and environmental factors. Autoimmunity reviews. 2018 Sep 10 [PubMed PMID: 30213694]\n[2] Miller A,Lutsky KF,Shearin J,Cantlon M,Wolfe S,Beredjiklian PK, Radiographic Patterns of Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Arthritis. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research [PubMed PMID: 30211351]\n[3] Berenbaum F,Wallace IJ,Lieberman DE,Felson DT, Modern-day environmental factors in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nature reviews. Rheumatology. 2018 Sep 12 [PubMed PMID: 30209413]\n[4] Donahue SW, Krogh's principle for musculoskeletal physiology and pathology. Journal of musculoskeletal [PubMed PMID: 30179205]\n[5] Krishnan Y,Grodzinsky AJ, Cartilage diseases. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology. 2018 May 24 [PubMed PMID: 29803938]\n[6] Stewart HL,Kawcak CE, The Importance of Subchondral Bone in the Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2018 [PubMed PMID: 30211173]\n[7] Loef M,Schoones JW,Kloppenburg M,Ioan-Facsinay A, Fatty acids and osteoarthritis: different types, different effects. Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme. 2018 Aug 3 [PubMed PMID: 30081198]\n[8] Dobson GP,Letson HL,Grant A,McEwen P,Hazratwala K,Wilkinson M,Morris JL, Defining the osteoarthritis patient: back to the future. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2018 Aug [PubMed PMID: 29775734]\n[9] De Laroche R,Simon E,Suignard N,Williams T,Henry MP,Robin P,Abgral R,Bourhis D,Salaun PY,Dubrana F,Querellou S, Clinical interest of quantitative bone SPECT-CT in the preoperative assessment of knee osteoarthritis. Medicine. 2018 Aug [PubMed PMID: 30170388]\n[10] Ackerman IN,Cavka B,Lippa J,Bucknill A, The feasibility of implementing the ICHOM Standard Set for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: a mixed-methods evaluation in public and private hospital settings. Journal of patient-reported outcomes. 2017 [PubMed PMID: 30148249]\n[11] Kriz J,Seegenschmiedt HM,Bartels A,Micke O,Muecke R,Schaefer U,Haverkamp U,Eich HT, Updated strategies in the treatment of benign diseases-a patterns of care study of the german cooperative group on benign diseases. Advances in radiation oncology. 2018 Jul-Sep [PubMed PMID: 30197936]\n[12] di Laura Frattura G,Filardo G,Giunchi D,Fusco A,Zaffagnini S,Candrian C, Risk of falls in patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and best evidence synthesis. Journal of orthopaedics. 2018 Sep [PubMed PMID: 30174378]\n[13] Xing D,Wang Q,Yang Z,Hou Y,Zhang W,Chen Y,Lin J, Evidence-based guidelines for intra-articular injection in knee osteoarthritis: Formulating and evaluating research questions. International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2018 Aug [PubMed PMID: 30146747]\n[14] Healey EL,Afolabi EK,Lewis M,Edwards JJ,Jordan KP,Finney A,Jinks C,Hay EM,Dziedzic KS, Uptake of the NICE osteoarthritis guidelines in primary care: a survey of older adults with joint pain. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2018 Aug 17 [PubMed PMID: 30115048]\n[15] O'Brien J,Hamilton K,Williams A,Fell J,Mulford J,Cheney M,Wu S,Bird ML, Improving physical activity, pain and function in patients waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty by combining targeted exercise training with behaviour change counselling: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2018 Aug 7 [PubMed PMID: 30086780]\n[16] Quinn RH,Murray J,Pezold R,Hall Q, Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hip. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2018 Aug 21 [PubMed PMID: 30134309]\n[17] Brosseau L,Thevenot O,MacKiddie O,Taki J,Wells GA,Guitard P,Léonard G,Paquet N,Aydin SZ,Toupin-April K,Cavallo S,Moe RH,Shaikh ,Gifford W,Loew L,De Angelis G,Shallwani SM,Aburub AS,Mizusaki Imoto A,Rahman P,Álvarez Gallardo IC,Cosic MB,Østerås N,Lue S,Hamasaki T,Gaudreault N,Towheed TE,Koppikar S,Kjeken I,Mahendira D,Kenny GP,Paterson G,Westby M,Laferrière L,Longchamp G, The Ottawa Panel guidelines on programmes involving therapeutic exercise for the management of hand osteoarthritis. Clinical rehabilitation. 2018 Jun 1 [PubMed PMID: 29911409]\n[18] Gwynne-Jones DP,Gray AR,Hutton LR,Stout KM,Abbott JH, Outcomes and Factors Influencing Response to an Individualized Multidisciplinary Chronic Disease Management Program for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. The Journal of arthroplasty. 2018 Sep [PubMed PMID: 29739632]\n[19] Kuijpers MFL,Hannink G,van Steenbergen LN,Schreurs BW, Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young Patients in The Netherlands: Trend Analysis of >19,000 Primary Hip Replacements in the Dutch Arthroplasty Register. The Journal of arthroplasty. 2018 Aug 22 [PubMed PMID: 30217401]\n[20] Loures FB,Correia W,Reis JH,Pires E Albuquerque RS,de Paula Mozela A,de Souza EB,Maia PV,Barretto JM, Outcomes after knee arthroplasty in extra-articular deformity. International orthopaedics. 2018 Sep 14 [PubMed PMID: 30215100]\n[21] Tashjian RZ,Chalmers PN, Future Frontiers in Shoulder Arthroplasty and the Management of Shoulder Osteoarthritis. Clinics in sports medicine. 2018 Oct [PubMed PMID: 30201174]\nTake 15 Question Quiz on Osteoarthritis\n© 2019 - StatPearls.com\nBUILD Version: 4.0.85.0

2019-04-23T22:29:32Z

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2019-04-24T14:37:36Z

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Getting pregnant right after stopping the pill: All you need to know\nFor full functionality, it is necessary to enable JavaScript. Here are instructions how to enable JavaScript in your web browser.\nWelcome to Medical News Today\nHealthline Media, Inc. would like to process and share personal data (e.g., mobile ad id) and data about your use of our site (e.g., content interests) with our third party partners (see a current list) using cookies and similar automatic collection tools in order to a) personalize content and/or offers on our site or other sites, b) communicate with you upon request, and/or c) for additional reasons upon notice and, when applicable, with your consent.\nHealthline Media, Inc. is based in and operates this site from the United States. 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Learn more in our Privacy Policy.\nTop categories\nBlood / Hematology\nBones / Orthopedics\nBreast Cancer\nColorectal Cancer\nDepression\nGastroIntestinal\nHypertension\nLymphoma\nMen's Health\nNeurology / Neuroscience\nNutrition / Diet\nPain / Anesthetics\nProstate / Prostate Cancer\nPsoriasis\nRespiratory\nSexual Health / STDs\nStroke\nTuberculosis\nUrology / Nephrology\nWomen's Health\nAll categories\nA - B\nC - D\nE - G\nH - L\nM - O\nP - R\nS - Z\nAll Topics\nMore\nSign up for our newsletter\nDiscover in-depth, condition specific articles written by our in-house team.\nNewsletter\nMNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003\nSearch\nGo\nTop categories\nBlood / Hematology\nBones / Orthopedics\nBreast Cancer\nColorectal Cancer\nDepression\nGastroIntestinal\nHypertension\nLymphoma\nMen's Health\nNeurology / Neuroscience\nNutrition / Diet\nPain / Anesthetics\nProstate / Prostate Cancer\nPsoriasis\nRespiratory\nSexual Health / STDs\nStroke\nTuberculosis\nUrology / Nephrology\nWomen's Health\nAll categories\nA - B\nC - D\nE - G\nH - L\nM - O\nP - R\nS - Z\nAll Topics\nMore\nSign up for our newsletter\nDiscover in-depth, condition specific articles written by our in-house team.\nNewsletter\nMNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003\nSearch\nGo\nLoading...\nPlease accept our privacy terms\nWe use cookies and similar technologies to improve your browsing experience, personalize content and offers, show targeted ads, analyze traffic, and better understand you. We may share your information with third-party partners for marketing purposes. To learn more and make choices about data use, visit our Advertising Policy and Privacy Policy. By clicking “Accept and Continue” below, (1) you consent to these activities unless and until you withdraw your consent using our rights request form, and (2) you consent to allow your data to be transferred, processed, and stored in the United States.\nACCEPT AND CONTINUE TO SITE\nDeny permission\nScroll to Accept\nGet the MNT newsletter\nEnter your email address to subscribe to our most top categories\nYour privacy is important to us.\nFINISH\nCan you get pregnant right after stopping the pill?\nLast reviewed\t Tue 21 November 2017\t Last reviewed\tTue 21 Nov 2017\nBy Rachel Nall, RN, BSN, CCRN\nReviewed by Debra Sullivan, PhD, MSN, RN, CNE, COI\nTable of contents\nHow the pill works\nWhat do the studies say?\nConsiderations when stopping the pill\nTakeaway\nTaking the pill does not mean a woman never wants to get pregnant.\nIf the time arrives when she does want to conceive, she may wonder how long it will take her to become pregnant.\nThe answer to this question can depend not only on when she stopped taking the pill but other factors, including age and overall health.\nFast facts about getting pregnant after stopping the pill:\nThe U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimate almost 62 percent of women between 15 to 44 years of age use contraception.\nA variety of birth control pills are available on prescription in the United States.\nSometimes taking the pill can conceal menstrual cycle irregularities.\nWomen may not get pregnant right after stopping the pill, as the menstrual cycle reestablishes itself.\nHow the pill works\nWhen a woman stops taking birth control pills, her menstrual cycle may take a while to return to a natural pattern.\nBirth control pills serve several purposes, including:\nmaintaining consistent hormone levels\nstopping the estrogen peak that causes ovulation\nthickening cervical mucus, so sperm cannot reach an egg\nIn addition to preventing pregnancy, taking birth control pills offers several benefits to women. These include reduced bleeding and cramping during a menstrual cycle and reduced risk for ovarian cysts.\nWhen taken at the same time every day, birth control pills prevent pregnancy for 91 percent of women on combined pills and 95 percent of women on mini-pills, according to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.\nWhen a woman wishes to conceive, she will stop taking the pill.\nHow long does it take for the menstrual cycle to reestablish itself?\nAccording to the United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS), a woman's period may be irregular for up to 3 months after she stops taking the pill.\nDoctors call a woman's first period after stopping the pill a \"withdrawal bleed\" where she may experience bleeding patterns that are different from her period while on the pill.\nDoctors call the next period a woman has \"a natural period\" that is more like her typical period.\nIt is possible that an irregular menstrual cycle, or reestablishing a natural menstrual cycle off the pill, can affect a woman's ability to conceive.\nWhat do the studies say?\nA study found that women who started using birth control pills under the age of 21 may find it more difficult to get pregnant, compared with those who started taking the pill after 21.\nTaking oral contraceptives can result in a short-term delay in achieving pregnancy of 2 to 6 months when a woman stops taking the pill, compared to other contraceptive use, according to a 2013 Danish study published in the journal Human Reproduction.\nThe study included 3,727 women, aged 18 to 40 years.\nThe participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on a monthly basis for 12 months to determine if pregnancy occurred.\nThe researchers also found that women who had used birth control pills for longer rather than shorter time periods were more likely to get pregnant.\nSimilarly, long-term use had no negative effect on the probability of getting pregnant.\nThe study also found that women who had used birth control pills, starting younger than age 21 years old, were less likely to get pregnant when compared to women who started taking the pill after the age of 21 years.\nThe researchers theorized that younger women starting birth control pills might have more irregularities in their menstrual cycle compared with women starting birth control pills later.\nAn older research study published in the 2009 issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology, found that previous use of oral contraceptives does not affect conception in the short-term or during a one-year period after trying to conceive.\n10 most common birth control pill side effects\nThe birth control pill can have some side effects. Learn more about them here.\nRead now\nConsiderations when stopping the pill\nExamples of the factors that impact the likelihood of conceiving after ceasing the contraceptive pill include:\nA woman's overall health: Factors, such as thyroid disorders, pituitary gland disorders, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can affect the chances of conceiving. Women who are obese or excessively thin also may have difficulty conceiving.\nA woman's reproductive health: Women who have a history of pelvic infections, blocked fallopian tubes, or endometriosis may have greater difficulty conceiving.\nA man's reproductive health: Low sperm counts can affect a couple's chances of getting pregnant.\nHow often a couple has sex: \"Regular\" sex when trying to conceive is usually having sex every 2 to 3 days. Having sex less frequently is less likely to result in pregnancy.\nA woman's age: Rates of pregnancy decline after women reach the age of 35 years. According to the NHS, 92 percent of women ages 19 to 26, will conceive within 1 year of having unprotected sex. An estimated 82 percent of women, 35 to 39 years of age, will conceive within 1 year after having unprotected sex.\nMost obstetricians use the 1-year mark of having unprotected sex as a milestone in fertility assessment. If a couple has not conceived after trying for 1 year, they may wish to see an obstetrician for further evaluation.\nTakeaway\nSome women may get pregnant immediately after stopping the pill, while others may find it takes over a year.\nMany factors go into getting pregnant. While stopping the pill is an important step, so is making sure a woman's body is in the best possible health to conceive.\nAdditional steps a woman can take to ensure a healthy pregnancy include:\nprenatal vitamins or folic acid supplements to avoid birth abnormalities\nstopping smoking\nrefraining from drinking alcohol\nkeeping stress to a minimum\nWhile stopping the pill may temporarily extend the time to conception, some women will get pregnant immediately after they come off the pill.\nTherefore, it is vital for a woman to be ready to take care of her body during her pregnancy, as soon as she and her partner begin trying to conceive.\nRelated coverage\nNuvaRing: Uses, advantages, and risks NuvaRing is a contraceptive device for women. It is a plastic ring that prevents the ovaries from producing mature eggs by releasing hormones over a period of time. It is inserted in the vagina and remains there, but it is removed during menstruation. Check with a doctor first to ensure it is safe for you. Read now\nWhat you should know about non-hormonal birth control Non-hormonal birth control aims to prevent pregnancy without changing the balance of hormones in the body. It includes barrier methods, such as condoms, long-term options, for example, the IUD, and sterilization, which is a permanent solution. Find out more about the different methods and see which one may suit you. Read now\n10 most common birth control pill side effects Birth control pills can be an effective way of preventing an unwanted pregnancy. They can also ease period pains and help with acne, but they may also have some undesirable side effects. This article looks at the variety of birth control pills that is available, as well as what alternatives there are. Read now\nHow and when to take a pregnancy test A pregnancy test can be taken at home or in the doctor's office. A urine test is done at home, but a doctor will do either a urine or a blood test. A urine test detects the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Find out more about when to use a pregnancy test, what they involve, and what the results mean. Read now\nBirth control: What is the best option? There are so many types of birth control available that a person may be confused and mystified about the way birth control alternatives work and affect the body. In this article, we explain how the most common ones work and how effective they are. You can also find out about how they may affect the way you feel. Read now\nemail email\nprint\nshare share\nFertility\nPregnancy / Obstetrics Sexual Health / STDs\nAdditional information\nArticle last reviewed by Tue 21 November 2017.\nVisit our Fertility category page for the latest news on this subject, or sign up to our newsletter to receive the latest updates on Fertility.\nAll references are available in the References tab.\nReferences\nThis content requires JavaScript to be enabled.\nBirth control pill. (2017, June 8). Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/opa/pregnancy-prevention/hormonal-methods/birth-control-pills/index.html\nBirth control pills. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/birth-control-pills\nChristin-Maitre, S. (2013, February). History of oral contraceptive drugs and their use worldwide [Abstract]. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 27(1), 3–12. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521690X12001169\nCronin, M., Schellschmidt, I., & Dinger, J. (2009, September). Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestin-containing oral contraceptives [Abstract]. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 114(3), 616–622. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/2009/09000/Rate_of_Pregnancy_After_Using_Drospirenone_and.20.aspx\nDaniels, K., Daugherty, J., & Jones, J. (2014, December). Current contraceptive status among women aged 15–44: United States, 2011–2013. Retrieved from http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/10/04/contraceptive.use.stats.pdf\nHow long does it usually take to get pregnant? (2015, November 21). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/2295.aspx?CategoryID=54\nMikkelsen, E. M., Riis, A. H., Wise, L. A., Hatch, E. E., Rothman, K. J., & Sorensen, H. T. (2013, May 1). Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use and time to pregnancy: A Danish prospective cohort study. Human Reproduction, 28(5),1398–1405. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/28/5/1398/940795\nWhen will my periods come back after I stop taking the pill? (2015, July 30). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/contraception-guide/Pages/when-periods-after-stopping-pill.aspx\nCitations\nPlease use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:\nMLA\nNall, Rachel. \"Can you get pregnant right after stopping the pill?.\" Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 21 Nov. 2017. Web.\n22 Apr. 2019. <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320097.php>\nAPA\nNall, R. (2017, November 21). \"Can you get pregnant right after stopping the pill?.\" Medical News Today. Retrieved from\nhttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320097.php.\nPlease note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead.\nRecommended related news\nLatest news\nReplacing red meat with plant protein reduces heart disease risk\nA study of data from 36 trials suggests that eating plant-based proteins, such as nuts, instead of red meat may help reduce cardiovascular disease risk.\nIncreased muscle power may prolong life\nA first-of-its-kind study finds that increased muscle power, rather than muscle strength, can significantly prolong life for seniors.\nMS: High-strength MRI may predict disease progression\nNew research suggests that a powerful MRI scanner may help predict the progression of multiple sclerosis by analyzing cortical lesions on the brain.\nMore evidence that being active extends life\nA recent study concluded that 'regardless of age, sex, or starting fitness level,' increased physical activity of any type reduces overall mortality risk.\nThrough my eyes: My first 48 hours with hearing aids\nI'm not even 30 years old, and I need hearing aids. The discovery was a shock, but just 48 hours in and an exciting new world of sound is unfolding.\nPopular in: Fertility\nWhat days can you get pregnant?\nWhat does the LH surge mean for pregnancy?\nFertility drugs for women: What to know\nWhat to know about sperm analysis\nDoes Clomid work for male infertility?\nScroll to top\nPopular news\nEditorial articles\nAll news topics\nKnowledge center\nNewsletters\nShare our content\nAbout us\nOur editorial team\nContact us\nAdvertise with MNT\nget our newsletter\nHealth tips, wellness advice and more.\nSubscribe\nYour privacy is important to us.\nHealthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK.\n© 2004-2019 All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. 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2019-04-22T08:43:45Z

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NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance - Brilliant Nurse®\nSkip to content\nMenu\nMenu\nHome\nNCLEX\nFAQ\nLearning Login\nNCLEX\nNCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nPosted on June 16, 2017 June 16, 2017 by Anne Caporal\n16\nJun\nContents\nHealth Promotion and Maintenance: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM\nFURTHER READING/STUDY:\nNCLEX-RN: Maternal–Newborn Nursing\nNCLEX-RN: Medical–Surgical Nursing\nNCLEX-RN: Oncology Nursing\nNCLEX-RN: Disaster Nursing: Bioterrorism\nNCLEX-RN: Infection Control\nNCLEX-RN: Pharmacology\nNCLEX-RN: Nutritional Management\nHealth Promotion and Maintenance: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nI. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (CHD)\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nA. Introduction: There are more than 35 documented types of congenital heart defects, which occur in 5 to 8 per 1000 live births. For the purpose of this review, only five major defects are given.content has been synthesized for ease in review and recall; for additional study aids, the student may wish to refer to Comparison of Acyanotic and Cyanotic Heart Disease and Overview of the Most Common Types of Congenital Heart Disease Chapter 6 also contains information on congestive heart failure, and Chapter 8 covers the most commonly used drugs, including digoxin and furosemide (Lasix).\nB. Assessment:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nB. Assessment:\n1. Exact cause unknown, but related factors include:\na. Familial history of CHD, especially in siblings, parents.\nb. Presence of other genetic defects in infant (e.g., Down syndrome, trisomy 13 or 18). c. History of maternal prenatal infection with rubella, cytomegalovirus, etc.\nd. High-risk maternal factors:\nAge: under 18 years, over 40 years.\nWeight: under 100 lb, over 200 lb.\nMaternal type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.\ne. Maternal history of drinking during pregnancy, with resultant “fetal alcohol syndrome.”\nf. Extracardiac defects, including tracheoesophageal fistula, renal agenesis, and diaphragmatic hernia.\n2. Most frequent parental complaint: difficulty feeding.\nInfant must be awakened to feed.\nHas weak suck.\nMay turn blue when eating, especially with cyanotic defects.\nInfant takes overly long time to feed.\nFalls asleep during feeding, without finishing.\n3. Nursing observations\na. Most frequent symptom—tachycardia, as body attempts to compensate for lack of oxygen (hypoxia): heart rate over 160 beats/min.\nb. Tachypnea, corresponding to heart rate: respirations over 60 breaths/min.\nc. Cyanosis due to hypoxia:\nNot with acyanotic defects (unless CHF is present).\nAlways with cyanotic defects (“blue infants”).\nd. Failure to grow at a normal rate: slow weight gain, height and weight below the norm due to difficulty feeding and hypoxia.\ne. Developmental delays related to weakened vphysical condition.\nf. Frequent respiratory infections associated with increased pulmonary blood flow or aspiration.\ng. Dyspnea on exertion due to hypoxia, shunting of blood.\nh. Murmurs may or may not be present (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus [PDA] machinery murmur).\ni. Changes in blood pressure (e.g., coarctation— increased blood pressure in arms; decreased blood pressure in legs).\nj. Possible congestive heart failure—refer to Chapter 6. Note: Infants may not demonstrate distended neck veins and may have difficult-to-detect generalized edema if not yet walking—check for facial, scrotal edema.\nk. Cyanotic heart defects:\n“Tet spells”—choking spells with paroxysmal dyspnea: severe hypoxia, deepening cyanosis; relieved by placing infant in knee-chest position, which alters cardiopulmonary dynamics, thus increasing the flow of blood to the lungs.\nClubbing of fingers and toes—due to chronic hypoxia.\nPolycythemia (increased red blood cells [RBCs]) with possible thrombi/emboli formation.\nC. Analysis/nursing diagnosis:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nIneffective breathing pattern related to tachypnea and respiratory infection.\nActivity intolerance related to tachycardia and hypoxia.\nAltered nutrition, less than body requirements, related to difficulty in feeding.\nRisk for infection related to poor nutritional status.\nKnowledge deficit related to diagnostic procedures, condition, surgical/medical treatments, prognosis.\nD. Nursing care plan/implementation:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\n1. Goal: promote adequate oxygenation.\nAdminister oxygen per physician’s order/prn.\nUse loose-fitting clothing; tape diapers loosely to avoid pressure on abdominal organs, which could impinge on diaphragm and impede respiration.\nPosition: neck slightly hyperextended to keep airway patent; place in knee-chest position to relieve “tet spell” (choking spell).\nSuction prn to clear the airway.\nAdminister digoxin, per physician’s order, to slow and strengthen heart’s pumping action (refer to Chapter 8 and pediatric pulse rate norms).\nMonitor pulse oximetry, as ordered.\n2. Goal: reduce workload of heart to conserve energy.\nPosition: infant seat, semi-Fowler’s to promote maximum expansion of the lungs.\nProvide pacifier to promote psychological rest.\nOrganize nursing care to provide periods of uninterrupted rest.\nAdjust physical activity according to child’s condition, capabilities to conserve energy.\nProvide diversion, as tolerated, to meet developmental needs yet conserve energy.\nAvoid extremes of temperature to avoid the stress of hypothermia/hyperthermia, which will increase the body’s demand for oxygen.\nAdminister diuretics (Lasix), per physician’s order, to eliminate excess fluids, which increase the heart’s workload. Note: Refer to Chapter 8.\n3. Goal: provide for adequate nutrition.\nMay need standard infant formula with ↑ caloric density to minimize fluid retention and meet nutritional needs.\nDiscourage foods with high or added sodium to minimize fluid retention.\nI&O, daily/weekly weights, and monitor for rate of growth.\nLimit PO feedings to 20 minutes to avoid overtiring infant. Supplement PO feeding with gavage feeding (prn with physician’s order) to meet fluid and caloric needs.\nEncourage foods high in potassium (prevent hypokalemia) and high in iron (prevent anemia). Note: Refer to Chapter 9.\n4. Goal: prevent infection.\nStandard precautions to prevent infection.\nUse good hand-washing technique.\nLimit contact with staff/visitors (especially children) with infections.\nMonitor for early symptoms and signs of infection; report STAT.\n5. Goal: meet teaching needs of client, family.\nExplain diagnostic procedures: blood tests, x-rays, urine, ECG, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization.\nExplain condition/treatment/prognosis.\nReview nutrition and medications.\nDiscuss how to adjust realistically to life with congenital heart disease, activity restrictions, etc.\nE. Evaluation/outcome criteria:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nChild’s level of oxygenation is maintained, as evidenced by pink color in nail beds and mucous membranes (for both light- and dark-skinned children) and ease in respiratory effort.\nEnergy is conserved, thus reducing the heart’s workload as evidenced by vital signs within normal limits.\nThe child’s fluid and caloric requirements are met, allowing for physical growth to occur at normal or near-normal rate.\nThe family (and child, when old enough) verbalize their understanding of the type of CHD, its treatment, and prognosis.\nThe family and child demonstrate adequate coping mechanisms to deal with CHD.\nII. RHEUMATIC FEVER\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nA. Introduction: Rheumatic fever is an acute, systemic, inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs and systems: heart, joints, CNS, collagenous tissue, etc. Thought to be autoimmune in nature, it most commonly follows a streptococcus infection (Fig. 5.8) and occurs primarily in school-age children. In addition, it tends to recur, and the risk of permanent heart damage increases with each subsequent attack of rheumatic fever.\nB. Assessment:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\n1. Major manifestations (modified Jones criteria)\nCarditis: tachycardia, cardiomegaly, murmur, congestive heart failure (CHF).\nMigratory polyarthritis: swollen, hot, red, and excruciatingly painful large joints; migratory and reversible.\nSydenham’s chorea (St. Vitus’ dance): sudden, aimless, irregular movements of the extremities; involuntary facial grimaces, speech disturbances, emotional lability, muscle weakness; completely reversible.\nErythema marginatum: reddish pink rash most commonly found on the trunk; nonpruritic, macular, clear center, wavy but clearly marked border; transient.\nSubcutaneous nodules: small, round, freely movable, and painless swellings usually found over the extensor surfaces of the hands/feet or bony prominences; resolve without any permanent damage.\n2. Minor manifestations\na. Clinical\nPrevious history of rheumatic fever.\nArthralgia.\nFever—normal in morning, rises in midafternoon, normal at night.\nb. Laboratory\nIncreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).\nPositive C-reactive protein.\nLeukocytosis.\nAnemia.\nProlonged P-R/Q-T intervals on ECG.\n3. Supportive evidence\na. Recent history of streptococcus infection:\nStrep throat/tonsillitis.\nOtitis media.\nImpetigo.\nScarlet fever.\nb. Positive throat culture for streptococcus.\nc. Increased antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer: indicates presence of streptococcus antibodies; begins to rise in 7 days, reaches maximum level in 4 to 6 weeks.\nC. Analysis/nursing diagnosis:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nDecreased cardiac output related to carditis.\nPain related to migratory polyarthritis.\nRisk for injury related to chorea.\nDiversional activity deficit related to lengthy hospitalization and recuperation.\nKnowledge deficit related to preventing cardiac damage, relieving discomfort, and preventing injury.\nIneffective management of therapeutic regimen with long-term antibiotic therapy and followup care.\nD. Nursing care plan/implementation:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\n1. Goal: prevent cardiac damage.\nHospitalization, with strict bedrest.\nMonitor apical pulse for changes in rate, rhythm, murmurs.\nEvaluate tolerance of increased activity by apical rate: if heart rate increases by more than 20 beats/min over resting rate, child should return to bed.\nOffer low-sodium diet to prevent fluid retention.\nAdminister oxygen, digoxin/Lasix as ordered (if CHF develops). Note: Refer to Chapter 6 for additional information on CHF.\n2. Goal: relieve discomfort.\nUse bed cradle to keep linens from resting on painful joints.\nAdminister aspirin as ordered to relieve pain.\nMove child carefully, minimally—support joints.\nDo not massage; do not perform range-ofmotion (ROM) exercises; do not apply splints; do not apply heat/cold. All these treatments will cause increased pain and are not needed, because no permanent deformities will result from this type of arthritis.\n3. Goal: promote safety and prevent injury related to chorea.\nUse side rails: elevated, padded.\nRestrain in bed if necessary.\nNo oral temperatures—child may bite thermometer.\nSpoon-feed—no forks or knives, to prevent injury to oral cavity.\nAssist with all aspects of ADLs until child can care for own needs.\n4. Goal: provide diversion as tolerated.\nEncourage quiet diversional activities: hobbies, reading, puzzles.\nGet homework, books; provide tutor as condition permits.\nEncourage contact with peers: telephone calls, letters, cards.\n5. Goal: encourage child and family to comply with long-term antibiotic therapy.\nBegin antibiotics immediately, to eradicate any lingering streptococcus infection.\nDuration of prophylaxis varies (5 years → lifelong) and depends on cardiac involvement.\nStress need to adhere to prescribed prophylaxis schedule.\nEnlist child’s cooperation with therapy (e.g., “hero” badge).\n6. Goal: health teaching.\nTo encourage compliance with prolonged bed rest—stress that ultimate prognosis depends on amount of cardiac damage.\nTeach necessity for long-term prophylactic therapy, for example, during dental work, childbirth, surgery (to prevent subacute bacterial endocarditis [SBE]). Instruct adolescents to avoid body piercing and tattooing for same rationale.\nTeach rationale: permanent cardiac damage (mitral valve) is more likely to occur with subsequent attacks of rheumatic fever.\nE. Evaluation/outcome criteria:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nNo permanent cardiac damage occurs.\nChild is free from discomfort or is able to tolerate discomfort.\nInjuries are avoided.\nChild’s need for diversional activity is met.\nChild/family comply with long-term antibiotic therapy/prophylactic therapy.\nIII. KAWASAKI DISEASE (MUCOCUTANEOUS LYMPH NODE SYNDROME)\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nA. Introduction: Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is an acute, febrile, multisystem disorder believed to be autoimmune in nature. Affecting primarily the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, lymph nodes, and heart, Kawasaki disease has a low fatality rate (<2%), although vasculitis and cardiac involvement\n(coronary artery changes) may result in major complications in as many as 20% to 25% of children with this disease. The disease is not believed to be communicable, and the exact cause remains unknown; geographic (living near fresh water) and seasonal (late winter, early spring) outbreaks do occur. Kawasaki disease occurs in both boys and\ngirls between 1 and 14 years of age; 80% of cases occur in children under age 5 years. It is more common among children of Japanese or Korean descent, although children from any ethnic background may be affected. It may be preceded by URI or exposure to a freshly cleaned carpet. A complete and apparently spontaneous recovery occurs within 3 to 4 weeks in the majority of cases. Treatment, which is primarily symptomatic, does not appear to either enhance recovery or prevent complications, although recent research indicates that life-threatening complications and long-term disability may be avoided or minimized with early treatment (i.e., gamma globulin) to reduce cardiovascular damage.\nB. Assessment:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\n1. Abrupt onset with high fever (102° to 106°F) lasting more than 5 days that does not remit with the administration of antibiotics and antipyretics.\n2. Conjunctivitis—bilateral, nonpurulent.\n3. Oropharyngeal manifestations:\nDry, red, cracked lips.\nOropharyngeal reddening and a “strawberry” tongue.\n4. Peeling (desquamation) of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet; begins at the fingertips and the tips of the toes; as peeling progresses, hands and feet become very red, sore, and swollen.\n5. Cervical lymphadenopathy.\n6. Generalized erythematous rash on trunk and extremities, without vesicles or crusts.\n7. Irritability, anorexia.\n8. Arthralgia and arthritis.\n9. Panvasculitis of coronary arteries: formation of aneurysms and thrombi; CHF, myocarditis, pericardial effusion, arrhythmias, mitral insufficiency, myocardial infarction (MI).\n10. Three phases: acute (onset of fever) → subacute (resolution of fever and all outward clinical signs) → convalescent (without clinical signs but laboratory values remain abnormal).\n11. Laboratory tests:\nElevated: ESR.\nElevated: white blood cell (WBC) count.\nElevated: platelet count.\nC. Analysis/nursing diagnosis:\nHyperthermia related to high, unremitting fever.\nAltered oral mucous membrane and impaired swallowing related to oropharyngeal manifestations.\nImpaired skin integrity related to desquamation.\nFluid volume deficit related to high fever and poor oral intake.\nAltered tissue perfusion (cardiovascular, potential/actual) related to vasculitis or thrombi.\nKnowledge deficit related to disease course, treatment, prognosis.\nD. Nursing care plan/implementation:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\n1. Goal: reduce fever.\nMonitor temperature every 2 hours or prn.\nAdminister aspirin (not acetaminophen [Tylenol]) per physician’s order. (Note: aspirin is the drug of choice to reduce fever; also has anti-inflammatory effect and antiplatelet effect. Dose is 100 mg/kg/d y in divided doses q6h. Monitor for signs of salicylate toxicity.)\nTepid sponge baths or hypothermia blanket per physician’s order.\nOffer frequent cool fluids.\nApply cool, loose-fitting clothes; use cotton bed linens only (no heavy blankets).\nSeizure precautions.\n2. Goal: provide comfort measures to oral cavity to ease the discomfort of swallowing.\nGood oral hygiene with soft sponge and diluted hydrogen peroxide.\nApply petroleum jelly to lips.\nBland foods in small amounts at frequent intervals.\nAvoid hot, spicy foods.\nOffer favorite foods from home or preferred foods from hospital selection.\n3. Goal: prevent infections and promote healing of skin.\nMonitor skin for desquamation, edema, rash.\nKeep skin clean, dry, well lubricated.\nAvoid soap to prevent drying.\nGentle handling of skin to minimize discomfort.\nProvide sheepskin to lie on.\nPrevent scratching and itching—apply cotton mittens if necessary.\nBed rest; elevate edematous extremities.\n4. Goal: prevent dehydration and restore normal fluid balance.\nStrict I&O.\nMonitor urine specific gravity q8h for increase (dehydration) or decrease (hydration).\nMonitor vital signs for fevers, tachycardia, arrhythmia.\nMonitor skin turgor, mucous membranes, anterior fontanel for dehydration.\nForce fluids.\nIV fluids per physician’s order.\n5. Goal: prevent cardiovascular complications.\nECG monitor—report arrhythmias or tachycardia.\nAdminister aspirin (see Goal 1) and high-dose IV gamma globulin.\nMonitor for signs and symptoms of CHF: tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, crackles, orthopnea, distended neck veins, dependent edema.\nMonitor circulatory status of extremities— check for possible development of thrombi.\nStress need for long-term follow-up, including ECGs and echocardiograms, possible cardiac catheterization (if coronary artery abnormalities exist at 1 year after disease).\nE. Evaluation/outcome criteria:\nFocus topic: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nFever returns to normal.\nOral cavity heals, and child is able to swallow.\nSkin heals, and no infection occurs.\nNormal fluid balance is restored.\nNormal cardiovascular functioning is reestablished, and no complications occur.\nParents/child verbalize their understanding of kawasaki disease.\nFURTHER READING/STUDY:\nResources:\nNCLEX-RN: Maternal–Newborn Nursing\nNCLEX-RN: Medical–Surgical Nursing\nNCLEX-RN: Oncology Nursing\nNCLEX-RN: Disaster Nursing: Bioterrorism\nNCLEX-RN: Infection Control\nNCLEX-RN: Pharmacology\nNCLEX-RN: Nutritional Management\nThis entry was posted in NCLEX and tagged Cardiovascular System, NCLEX.\nAnne Caporal\nNCLEX-RN: Maternal–Newborn Nursing\nNCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *\nComment\nName *\nEmail *\nWebsite\nGet Started 🎯\nBrilliant Nurse® is a learning platform and career bridge for all nurses and allied healthcare folks. Pass your nursing exams and get an awesome career ahead! Reach out to our chat-friendly support for all your questions. We’re always ready to help! 🙂\nAbout Us\nBrilliant Nurse® is a learning platform and career bridge for all nurses and allied healthcare folks. Pass your NCLEX and other nursing + healthcare exams and get an awesome career ahead! Reach out to our chat-friendly support for all your questions. We're always ready to help! __ PS: We're hiring tech savvy RNs! 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2019-04-25T00:46:50Z

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USDA ARS Online Magazine Vol. 48, No. 6\nUnited States Department of Agriculture\nAgResearch Magazine\nARS Home l About ARS l Contact ARS\nSearch AgResearch Mag\nToggle navigation\nAgMag Home\nDigital Gallery\nSubscribe\nArchives\nTable of Contents\nTellus\nJune 2000\nJun 2000 - Contents\nPDF\nPrevious Story Next Story\nColon Cancer Curbed by High-Selenium Broccoli\nNutritionist Cindy Davis\nprepares to count the number\nof precancerous lesions in tissue from the intestines of a rat that was fed high-selenium broccoli and injected with a carcinogen.\n(K8904-1)\nSelenium. It's an essential trace element that helps keep the immune system humming and free radicals under control. Recent evidence from human studies suggests that the mineral reduces the incidence of cancer when taken in higher doses than most diets supply.\nThat news has prompted increased use of selenium supplements. Sales rose from $60 to $66 million—a 10-percent increase—between 1996 and 1997, according to most recent statistics from the Nutrition Business Journal published in San Diego, California.\nThe idea of selenium supplements doesn't sit too well with nutritionists like John W. Finley and Cindy D. Davis at the ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center in North Dakota. They know the selenium salts in some supplements can be toxic when too much is ingested. On the other hand, \"it's harder to get too much selenium through foods,\" says Davis.\nDifferent foods package selenium in different biochemical forms. And the body uses these forms differently, explains Finley. An expert in selenium nutrition, he wants to find what form or forms provide the widest range of health-promoting properties—including cancer prevention.\nHigh-selenium broccoli is\nfreeze-dried and powdered\nbefore it is fed to rats. Above, nutritionist John Finley\nholds one of the rats and a sample of the enriched broccoli.\n(K8903-2)\nBroccoli's Got the Right Stuff\nRecent research in Finley's lab is demonstrating that high-selenium broccoli may be the best source of an anticancer agent. Other researchers discovered that garlic stores selenium in a form that appears to be most active against cancer. And broccoli and brussels sprouts also store selenium in this form, known as selenium methyl selenocysteine, or SeMSC. The body simply snips the end off this amino acid to produce the anticancer agent—methyl selenol.\nThough garlic is higher in SeMSC, most Americans are not likely to eat enough of it to produce the desired effect, Finley notes. So his group has focused on testing selenium-enriched broccoli as a way to get effective levels of SeMSC into the body.\nAlong the way, however, he learned how animals and people metabolize other food forms of the mineral. \"It's a long and tortuous path for the form of selenium prevalent in grains and some meats—selenomethionine—to get converted to methyl selenol. It's easier for selenium salts—the forms used in some supplements—to get there. And it's only one step for the form in broccoli,\" Finley says.\nIn a series of rat studies, Finley, Davis, and former colleague Yi Feng, now with the University of Louisville's medical school, confirmed that differences in selenium metabolism translated to differences in the risk of colon cancer. First, they demonstrated that selenium salts—both selenate and selenite—can prevent the first of several steps that can lead to cancer, whereas the grain form—selenomethionine—was ineffective.\nSelenium salts reduced the number of adducts in the rats' colons by 53 to 70 percent. Adducts are formed when a carcinogen binds to DNA, explains Davis. \"If the damage isn't repaired, it can lead to tumor formation.\"\nThe researchers had beefed up the rats' selenium levels through their diets for several weeks. Then they injected the animals with a potent carcinogen called DMABP, for short. Their findings support those of others showing that selenite protects against adduct formation in rats' mammary cells.\nThe group got similar results when they looked for a later stage of colon tumor formation called aberrant crypts. These are immature colon cells that have gone awry. \"Not all aberrant crypts develop into cancer,\" says Davis, \"but all colon cancers begin as aberrant crypts.\" Feng painstakingly counted the crypts and found more in the animals fed selenomethionine than in those getting selenium salts.\nBeefed-Up Broccoli Works Best\nThe most exciting phase of this work started in a Grand Forks greenhouse. The researchers grew ordinary broccoli in soilless media with added selenium to observe uptake of the metal. Finley says that studies show that broccoli grown in the presence of selenium can accumulate substantial amounts. Some commercial broccoli grown in California has up to 50 times more selenium than normal, he notes, because the irrigation water is naturally high in the mineral. When Finley analyzed his broccoli, however, he found it had 100 to 200 times more selenium than the California heads.\nWhen the researchers pitted the high-selenium broccoli against the salt form selenate in rat studies, they made sure to control for any beneficial effects of broccoli itself. The vegetable is high in antioxidants and contains other substances shown to be active against cancer. So animals in each test group got ordinary broccoli as well as the treatment.\nTreatments consisted of daily doses of either 0.1 or 1.0 mg of selenium per kilogram of the rats' body weight, either in the form of enriched broccoli or selenate. The higher dose is representative of the selenium level that reduced cancer risk in a human trial, Finley says.\nAfter giving the animals DMABP, Feng again looked for precancerous aberrant crypts and for collections of these cells, known as aberrant crypt foci. High-selenium broccoli always resulted in fewer precancerous lesions than selenate did, says Finley—about one-third fewer at the 1.0 mg/kg dose. And the number of lesions decreased as the dose increased.\nThe results were so promising that Finley and Davis decided to repeat the experiment. And they confirmed the findings using a different salt—selenite instead of selenate—and a single but higher dose of selenium—2.0 mg/kg. They also gave the animals a much more potent carcinogen—dimethyl hydrazine (DMH). Although it produced many more lesions, the rats fed high-selenium broccoli had half as many aberrant crypts as the animals getting selenite.\n\"If there's a call to increase selenium intake, we currently have few choices other than high-selenium yeast or selenium salts,\" says Finley. \"Selenium-enriched broccoli is a potential source of the mineral in a highly effective form.\" His group is looking for other potential benefits of the enriched vegetable.—By Judy McBride, Agricultural Research Service Information Staff.\nThis research is part of Human Nutrition, an ARS National Program (#107) described on the World Wide Web at http://www.nps.ars.usda.gov/programs/appvs.htm.\nJohn W. Finley and Cindy D. Davis are at the USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, University Station, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034; phone (701) 795-8353, fax (701) 795-8395.\n\"Colon Cancer Curbed by High-Selenium Broccoli\" was published in the June 2000 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.\nShare Go to Top Previous Story Next Story\nFollow ARS on Twitter\nSubscribe to AgResearch Magazine Alerts\nARS Newsroom\nContact\nARS Home | USDA.gov | Site Map | Policies and Links | Plain Writing\nFOIA | Accessibility Statement | Privacy Policy | Nondiscrimination Statement | Information Quality | USA.gov | White House\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!\nYour browser does not support JavaScript!

2019-04-25T20:23:56Z

"https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2000/jun/colon"

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Imitrex Pain Relief Medication Tablets | SeekMedicine\nHome\nAnti-Allergic/Asthma\nAdvair Diskus\nClaritin\nFlonase\nSingulair\nBlood Pressure\nAltace\nBenicar\nBystolic\nDiovan\nInderal\nNorvasc\nPlavix\nAntibiotics\nAugmentin\nAvelox\nBiaxin\nCipro\nFlagyl\nZithromax\nPain Relief\nCelebrex\nImitrex\nMobic\nMotrin\nTegretol\nZanaflex\nVoltaren\nErectile Dysfunction\nKamagra\nLevitra\nOther\nWellbutrin SR\nFosamax\nDiflucan\nCrestor\nLipitor\nClomid\nNolvadex\nBactrim\nValtrex\nHome\nAnti-Allergic/Asthma\nAdvair Diskus\nClaritin\nFlonase\nSingulair\nBlood Pressure\nAltace\nBenicar\nBystolic\nDiovan\nInderal\nNorvasc\nPlavix\nAntibiotics\nAugmentin\nAvelox\nBiaxin\nCipro\nFlagyl\nZithromax\nPain Relief\nCelebrex\nImitrex\nMobic\nMotrin\nTegretol\nZanaflex\nVoltaren\nErectile Dysfunction\nKamagra\nLevitra\nOther\nWellbutrin SR\nFosamax\nDiflucan\nCrestor\nLipitor\nClomid\nNolvadex\nBactrim\nValtrex\nCategories\nHome\nAnti-Allergic/Asthma\nAdvair Diskus\nClaritin\nFlonase\nSingulair\nBlood Pressure\nAltace\nBenicar\nBystolic\nDiovan\nInderal\nNorvasc\nPlavix\nAntibiotics\nAugmentin\nAvelox\nBiaxin\nCipro\nFlagyl\nZithromax\nPain Relief\nCelebrex\nImitrex\nMobic\nMotrin\nTegretol\nZanaflex\nVoltaren\nErectile Dysfunction\nKamagra\nLevitra\nOther\nWellbutrin SR\nFosamax\nDiflucan\nCrestor\nLipitor\nClomid\nNolvadex\nBactrim\nValtrex\nImitrex\nWhat is Imitrex?\nImitrex is a prescription only drug manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline which belongs to the class of drugs called Antimigraine agents. It was first approved by the FDA in 1992. Imitrex is not a controlled drug with a pregnancy category C. Imitrex is a brand name of the generic Sumatriptan. Other brand names of Sumatriptan are Alsuma, Imitrex Statdose, Sumavel DosePro. Imitrex is the most commonly available and used among all of these drugs.\nImitrex generic is basically used to treat headaches. It works by narrowing the blood vessels in the brain. Sumatriptan reduces the effect of substances that trigger a headache, nausea and other migraine symptoms including vomiting, a sensitivity of light and sound. Generic imitrex is used to treat migraine headaches as well as cluster headaches that have already begun , but it will not be useful for prevention of headaches.\nImitrex generic belongs to the triptan class. The basic structure of Sumatriptan, as explained by Wikipedia is:\n“Analog of the naturally occurring neuroactive alkaloids dimethyltryptamine (DMT), bufotenine, and 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine, with an N-methyl sulfonamide methyl- group at position C-5 on the indole ring”\nThe drug is at its maximum effectiveness when it is injected under the skin and is taken right after the pain starts.\nImitrex is available in tablets, imitrex injection and nasal spray. The biological life of Sumatriptan is 2.5 hours. 60% of the drug is excreted through urine and 40% through feces.\nImitrex Dosage\nImitrex is a prescription only drug as per the FDA rules and it should only be taken after consultation with a doctor.\nImitrex is found in the following strengths: 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 6mg/0.5mL. 20mg/in. 6.5g/4 hr\nThe imitrex dosing for adults suffering from a cluster headache is usually an initial dose of 6mg subcutaneously one. If symptoms reappear, the dose can be repeated. A maximum dose of 12mg in 24hours is allowed. The dose should be started as soon as first symptoms of a cluster headache start to appear. These can include vomiting, photophobia or nausea.\nThe dose for adults suffering from a migraine is usually an initial dose of 25mg, 50mg or 100g through the mouth. If symptoms reappear, the dose can be repeated if at least 2hours have passed since the first dose. A maximum dose of 200mg in 24hours is allowed.\nIn the case of Nasal spray for the treatment of Migraine, the dose starts from 5mg, 10mg, or 20mg into one nostril only once. If symptoms reappear, the dose can be repeated if at least 2hours have passed since the first dose. A maximum nasal spray dose of 40mg is allowed in 24hours.\nIn case of Imitrex migraine treatment, the initial dose is 1 to 6mg, once and if symptoms start to reappear, the dose can be repeated if at least 1hours has passed since the last dose. Maximum dose allowed in 24hours is 12mg under the skin.\nImitrex should be used with great caution for elderly patients and patients under the age of 18.\nImitrex dosage should be started as soon as first possible signs of a cluster headache or a migraine appear. After the first dose, if your condition does not approve, always consult your doctor first before taking the second dose.\nImitrex side effects\nSome of the most common side effects of Imitrex are as follows:\nChest pain\nTiredness\nWeak muscles\nDrowsiness\nStiffness in neck or jaw\nHallucinations\nHigh fever\nSwelling of throat or oral area\nConstipation\nBlood in stool\nNausea\nVomiting\nChanges in colour of fingers or toes\nSome very rare cases have been reported where the patients have had problems of vision as well as blindness or blurred vision.\nImitrex might affect your blood pressure as well so it should be kept in check and anything abnormal should immediately be reported and taken care of. Imitrex may also increase your serotonin levels and in very rare cases might also cause toxicity. The risk of this happening increases manifold if you already taking other drugs that increase serotonin.\nDoes Imitrex get you high? Some users have reported having used it recreationally suggesting that the Imitrex high was enough to be noticed and get addicted to. A look at the ingredients of Imitrex does not suggest anything that could prove this claim, but it is still up for debate. Most users claim that the effect of Imitrex is not anything ‘enjoyable’ or something they would try again recreationally for a feeling of ‘high’.\nTell your doctor right away if you face any of the above-mentioned side effects after a dose of Imitrex. Most people who use this drug will likely not face any of these side effects, but that is not a reason to not be aware of the potential risk involved. Side effects of Imitrex can be reported to the FDA using phone number 1-800-FDA-1088 if you are in the US. For Canada, you can call 1-866-234-2345.\nBenicar\nSingulair\nYou may alos like:\nCialis Daily Canada – the Difference between 2.5 mg and 5 mg Options.\nShop Viagra – buying the medicament at Access Rx online chemist’s shop.\nLegitimate Cialis Online or Treatment of Impotence with Natural Remedies?\nBenicar Blood Pressure Medication Tablets | SeekMedicine\nVoltaren Pain Relief Tablets | SeekMedicine\nCelebrex Pain Relief Medication Tablets | SeekMedicine\nHow long does 20mg Cialis last right now you will know precisely without a doubt!\nRecent Posts\nHow to buy Cialis from Canada to get Family Relationship Straight.\nCialis 100mg price is the Best Favourer after a long Sexual Abstinence.\nFree Cialis Samples Online for Prophylaxis of Erectile Dysfunction.\nHow much is Cialis in Mexico and other delicate topics: discuss or not?\nCialis 20mg Dosage Frequency and high-tech widgets – are they alike?\nFree Samples Viagra By Mail in Comparison With Other Drugs of The Group.\nViagra Mexico Online: Patients` Review About Cheap Generic Medication.\nOnline Pharmacy India Viagra: Where Generics For Everybody Are Manufactured.\nOnline Viagra Non Prescription Counterparts About That You Have Never Hear.\nCheap Viagra For Sale Online And Other Medications For Patients With ED.\nSeekMedicine © Copyright 2015. 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2019-04-24T01:03:09Z

"http://www.seekmedicine.com/imitrex-online.php"

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Minoxidil: A Real Hair Regrowth Miracle in a Bottle?\nSkip to primary navigation\nSkip to content\nRankinlive.com\nAn In-Depth Look at The Top Laser Hair Regrowth Devices\nRankinlive.com\nGuides\nAll Reviews\nHair Growth Tips\nMinoxidil: A Real Hair Regrowth Miracle in a Bottle?\nOctober 22, 2018 By James\nHair fall is a common problem among a large chunk of the population. These days, both men and women alike suffer from severe hair fall problems. While genetics plays a huge role in hair loss, secondary factors, such as unhealthy eating habits, stress, lack of sleep, and so on, also affect the hair. You will find several over-the-counter medications designed to tackle this issue, and Minoxidil is one of them.\nMinoxidil is famous all over the world and is available in different brand names including Rogaine, Mintop, and more. Aside from that, this medication is available as either oral or topical solutions.\nThat being said, many still ask: does Minoxidil really work? Or is it just another product offering false hopes? Well, we have decided to dig deep into this subject to find out everything about this so-called miracle hair regrowth drug and whether it is worth buying or not.\nNow, before we can understand how it works, we must first talk about the many different causes of hair loss and hair fall. In this way, we will have a better understanding of this rather unfortunate condition.\nDifferent Causes of Hair Fall\nWhile hair loss is more common in men than women as they suffer from male pattern baldness, it isn’t unusual for women to have hair loss too. Hair loss or thinning hair in women also could be a result of a variety of reasons. These reasons could be as temporary and simple as deficiency of vitamins to something more complex like a serious health condition.\nTreating hair loss for both men and women entirely depends on what’s causing it in the first place. Below, we start off listing some of the highly common reasons and then follow with some the uncommon ones as to why you see lesser or thinner hair on your head.\nPhysical Stress\nSomething as basic as the flu, severe illness, or even a car accident could possibly trigger temporary hair loss. Any one of these triggers could result in a kind of hair fall called telogen effluvium. How so?\nOur hair comes with a life cycle that is fully programmed. This includes a growth phase, a rest phase, and a shedding phase. In case of physical stress, the whole cycle gets affected and puts more of our hair into the shedding phase. Thankfully, this is completely temporary, and your hair cycle will revert back to normal once the stress eases.\nPregnancy\nPregnancy is yet another kind of physical stress. That, along with all the hormones in the body, directly affect your hair. You will notice that the hair loss is more noticeable after childbirth rather than during the pregnancy, as giving birth can be traumatic for the mother.\nEven for this kind of hair loss, the solution is awfully simple. All you need to do is wait, and things will work itself out eventually.\nToo Much Vitamin A\nIf you consume too many medications or supplements that contain Vitamin A, they could potentially trigger hair loss. Adults are not supposed to consume more than 5,000 IU (International Units) of Vitamin A in one single day.\nThis issue is reversible, though. All you need to do is stop or limit your consumption of Vitamin A, and your hair fall will reduce over time.\nLack of Protein\nIf your diet lacks adequate protein intake, then your body is forced to ration the protein by halting the growth of your hair. This typically happens about three months after a dip in protein intake. Hence, for a healthy head of hair, ensure that you stock on a ton of protein on a daily basis.\nEmotional Stress\nWhile this isn’t as common as physical stress, emotional stress, such as the death of a loved one or an on-going divorce, can potentially cause hair loss. In most cases, the emotional stress will not precipitate the hair loss. It will rather exacerbate the problem that already exists. This too requires time for the hair loss to stop. Exercising, yoga, or going for therapy could all help with emotional stress.\nDeficiency of Vitamins B\nHaving low levels of Vitamin B could potentially trigger hair loss in both men and women. However, this is quite uncommon in the United States. Tackling this issue can be simple. You can either consume Vitamin B medications or supplements. Alternatively, you can naturally find Vitamin B in foods like meat, fish, non-citrus fruits, and starchy vegetables.\nQuick Weight Loss\nIf you have recently lost a lot of weight, it could be categorized as another form of physical stress, which could either result in hair thinning or hair loss. While weight loss is ultimately good for your health, your hair is undoubtedly going to get affected. All you need to do is wait a couple of months as this issue will correct itself.\nOver Styling\nIt goes without saying that years of styling your hair by using hair straighteners, curling irons, constantly bleaching and coloring your hair, and several other hair treatments could have an adverse impact on your hair. All of these practices could affect the roots and completely stop the hair growth.\nIt is essential that you give your hair a break from styling from times to time. While avoiding heat treatments is one way to go, you must also use a conditioner after every time you shampoo. Furthermore, only let your hair air dry as often as possible.\nChemotherapy\nUnfortunately, a few of the drugs used to beat cancer also affect your hair. Chemotherapy can destroy the rapidly dividing cells. While these are typically cancer cells, the hair too is another rapidly dividing cell. In such cases, there is nothing you can do to help your hair loss until the chemotherapy stops. Once that stops, your hair will begin to grow back normally.\nHypothyroidism\nHypothyroidism is basically a medical term for those who have an underactive gland of the thyroid. This is a little gland that is located inside your neck, and it produces hormones that are highly critical to a good metabolism and also growth and development.\nThe lack of this hormone could potentially contribute to hair loss. Treating this issue will require you to consume synthetic thyroid medication. Doing so will help bring your thyroid functions to normal.\nAnemia\nIt is said that one in every 10 women who are aged between 20 and 49 suffer from anemia. This occurs due to a deficiency of iron, but it is easily fixable. First, you will need to do a simple blood test that determines if you suffer from anemia. If you do test positive for it, your doctor will put you on a simple iron supplement that will take care of the hair loss.\nMale Pattern Baldness and Heredity\nIt is said that two in three men will experience hair loss by the age of 60. Most of the time, this is because of male pattern baldness. This kind of hair loss is caused by a combination of male sex hormones and genes, which will typically follow a classic pattern in which hair will start receding at the temple and leave a hairline that is M-shaped.\nIn women, there also exists something called female pattern baldness. This is also called either androgenetic or androgenic alopecia. However, it isn’t as common as male pattern baldness.\nThis will typically occur to women who come from a family wherein the women begin to experience hair loss at a particular age. Unlike men, women do not typically suffer from a hairline that recedes. Instead, they will have thinning hair, or their part could widen.\nIn such cases, it is said that both men and women can benefit greatly from a topical solution such as Minoxidil. These do not require a prescription and can be bought over the counter. They are believed to help stop further hair loss and can even promote new hair growth.\nOn Minoxidil\nYou will often find this medical term, Minoxidil, brought up over and over again in several medical journals, articles, and even in the media. Typically, Minoxidil is often talked about by health care professionals when they have to discuss male pattern baldness and female pattern baldness.\nWe decided to find out all the important things there is to know about Minoxidil, which includes what it is, how it works, and also the multiple kinds of applications on the market right now, to name a few.\nWhat Is Minoxidil?\nMinoxidil is basically an antihypertensive vasodilator that could help in reducing or even slowing down the process of hair loss in some men as well as women. In some people, it could potentially stop the hair loss altogether, and for others, it has the ability to promote the formation of healthy and new hair.\nMinoxidil recently has been off-patented, which means that it can be bought as an over-the-counter medication in order to treat androgenic or androgenetic alopecia. These are hair loss and hair thinning conditions that are often referred to as male or female pattern baldness.\nThe Origins of Minoxidil\nYou would be surprised to know that Minoxidil wasn’t first used to treat baldness and hair loss. In fact, this drug was first used to combat high blood pressure and was first sold under the name, Loniten. It was only upon extensive research that it was found that Loniten had a side effect, which was hair growth.\nDue to this, Minoxidil was no longer used to treat high blood pressure as an oral medication, but it was prescribed to both men and women to treat hair loss and other hair-related issues.\nMinoxidil is typically sold as a topical solution and is available in 2% and 5% concentrations. In certain countries, for example, such as India, Minoxidil is also sold in a 10% concentration. In Northern America, you will only find 2% and 5% Minoxidil solutions sold under the brand name, Rogaine.\nTypically, 2% Minoxidil solutions are used by both men and women. However, 5% and higher concentrations of the medication is only prescribed to men. This is because they contain much more patent properties, and hence, have adverse side effects for women. In Europe and Asia, you will find this product sold under the brand names, Regaine and Mintop.\nDifferent Forms of Minoxidil\nThe dropper application is the most traditional and commonly used form of Minoxidil. Other than the dropper, there are newer forms of application that this drug comes in as well. These include:\nSpray\nMinoxidil sprays are fairly new to the market. This is a simpler way to use this medication since all you need to do is spray on the topical solution onto the affected area of the scalp. This form of Minoxidil application is much cleaner as well. It definitely reduces the amount of solution that gets wasted in comparison to a dropper.\nTo spread the solution a little more evenly all over the head, you can try pulling back your hair that is abundant and thick so that the solution can successfully reach into the scalp and also the hair follicles that are adjoining.\nFoam\nAnother kind of Minoxidil application is via foam. This is much newer than the previous two. To use this, you will need to take a considerable amount of foam onto your hand and then directly apply it onto your scalp. Begin by massaging it in first with your fingertips.\nDropper\nThe traditional dropper is considered to be one of the most common forms of Minoxidil’s application, and it makes application extremely easy. While this is the most traditional form of applying Minoxidil on the scalp, most people still prefer this. For this reason, we will give you a step-by-step guide to applying Minoxidil using a dropper application.\nHow to Use Minoxidil: Dropper Application\nBefore you even begin, make sure you read all the directions on the package before you use this product. If you feel you aren’t sure at any point, then consult your pharmacist or your doctor.\nStart by cleaning the scalp and make sure it is dry. Take the dropper application and fill it with about one milliliter of solution. Typically, all droppers will have a one-milliliter line to make things easy for you.\nNow, part your hair, especially around the area where there is maximum thinning. Apply the minoxidil solution properly and evenly to the scalp’s affected area and gently massage and rub it in using your fingertips.\nUse this solution twice a day and wait for the solution to dry fully before you apply any of your styling products. Make sure you do this at least six months to a year in order to see positive results.\nPrecautions\nIt is essential that before you use Minoxidil, you consult with your doctor or your pharmacist to know whether you are allergic to any of the ingredients used in the solution. Furthermore, this solution may also contain multiple other inactive ingredients, which could potentially cause some allergic reactions or even some other problems.\nMake sure you find out all the details from the doctor or your pharmacist. This is especially important if you suffer from the following: diseases of the scalp such as infections, cuts, and eczema; heart diseases such as heart attack, chest pain, or heart failure; kidney diseases; and liver disease.\nIf you are consuming medications for any of the above ailments, then ensure you talk to your doctor or pharmacist before you use this solution. There could be a possibility that these medications could have an interaction with the Minoxidil solution. Ensure you never start or stop any medication without prior approval from the doctor.\nFor women who are pregnant, this product should only be used if advised by the doctors. While there isn’t adequate research done whether the ingredients in the solution get passed down to the breast milk, we would highly recommend to steer clear of this product even if just for a year or two after pregnancy.\nStorage\nStore the Minoxidil solution at room temperature between 67 and 77 degrees F. It should also be away from sunlight and moisture. Make sure that the solution is out of reach of pets and children. Minoxidil solution is flammable, so keep it as far away from fire or even open flame until the solution has dried off completely.\nIf the product is expired and you need to get rid of it, do not flush it down the drain or the toilet. Make sure you properly discard the product. To know how to get rid of the solution appropriately, get in touch with your pharmacist or your local waste disposal company.\nSide Effects\nStinging, redness, or burning at the site of application could possibly occur. If you feel you have any of these side effects, or they get worsened, then contact your pharmacist or your doctor as quickly as possible.\nIf your doctor has advised you to use this solution, it is important to note that the doctor has judged appropriately that the solution’s benefits are significantly greater than all of its possible side effects. That being said, it is rare that people who have used this medication have had a serious side effect.\nIt is also rare that this solution could be absorbed by the skin, which could cause some side effects. If you feel that that did occur, then immediately stop using the solution and get in touch with your doctor.\nSome rare but serious allergic reactions of this product may include growth of unwanted body or facial hair, fast or irregular heartbeat, dizziness, chest pain, fainting, swelling of the hands and/or feet, unusual weight gain, difficulty breathing, and tiredness. As mentioned earlier, these are extremely serious side effects of the solution, and it is unlikely for them to occur. If it does occur, then get medical help quickly.\nIf you are in the United States, you can report these side effects to the FDA at www.fda.gov/medwatch or at 1-800-FDA-1088. If you are in Canada and experience any side effects, you can report them to the Health Canada at their phone number, 1-866-234-2345.\nWhat to Do In Case of an Overdose\nThis solution can be fatal if it is swallowed. If you know someone who has swallowed it and has overdosed on it or facing a serious symptom such as difficulty in breathing or passing out, then immediately call 911. Else you can get in touch with the poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. On the other hand, Canadian residents can get in touch with a provincial poison control center. Some symptoms of overdose could possibly include drowsiness, fainting, flushing, and dizziness.\nMinoxidil’s FAQs\nThere are often these questions that are frequently asked by everyone about Minoxidil. So, we decided to list the top FAQ’s and answer them for you to make things easier.\nQ: There are different concentrations of Minoxidil, such as 2%, 5%, and 10%. Is the highest one always better?\nA: Products that have a concentration of 5% and above have shown far better results in studies. That being said, this only applies to men. If you are a woman, you can only use the 2% solution as anything higher than that can be harmful to you.\nQ: There are different kinds of Minoxidil application such as a dropper, foam, and spray. Does any one of them work better than the other?\nA: There is no evidence that supports the claim that any one of the applications works better than other. That being said, there has been some evidence that has suggested that the foam application is a little less irritating to the scalp. The biggest difference between the three is the cosmetic result after each of their use.\nQ: Do I have to use the Minoxidil solution at least twice a day?\nA: You will notice that several Minoxidil manufacturers claim that using the solution twice a day shows better results. This is true only for the 2% and 5% concentration solution. As these are not as strong, and in order for it to show results within six to eight months, using them twice a day is essential. However, if you use minoxidil 10%, then you only need to use it once a day.\nQ: What is the most common side effect of using the Minoxidil solution?\nA: While it is rare to have a side effect from this solution, there have been cases that have shown people developing an irritated or an itchy scalp when used regularly. Another side effect that could be common would be the growth of facial hair.\nQ: How can I know whether the solution is doing any good to me?\nA: A good way to know whether this solution is working for you is to look out for any signs of hair growth, possibly after two to three weeks of regular use. It goes without saying that if you see new hair follicles coming along in the front of your hairline or even on the top and the vertex of your scalp, it is an excellent sign.\nNew hair growth will typically occur only after four to six months of regular use. When these new hairs come out, they will appear to be down and soft. However, after using the solution further and regularly, your hair will become the exact same consistency as all the other hairs present on your scalp.\nIt has been found that the fastest people have seen results with the Minoxidil solution is a little over two months. However, that is rare. Everyone will respond differently to the solution, and their results will vary.\nQ: Can Minoxidil solution be used for beard growth?\nA: The fact is that there have not been many clinical trials done to know whether Minoxidil can be used on a man’s face. However, it does not mean that you cannot try it out. Men with lack of beard growth have been using Minoxidil on their beard. While the results may vary, the 5% concentration is safe to use.\nThe Pros and Cons of Minoxidil\nCommonly known as Rogaine in the United States, Minoxidil solution has been used by men and women for decades now as it is believed to help hair loss issues. The solution is available easily over the counter and is known to promote hair growth. However, the question still arises that if this does work so effectively, why do people still opt for expensive hair transplants?\nHence, we decided to do the pros and cons of this medication to see whether it is a viable option.\nWhat We Like About It\nEasy to get\nOne of the biggest pros of using this medication is how easy it is to get. While it is recommended to visit a doctor before buying it, you don’t necessarily have to as there is no need for a prescription to purchase some.\nThis advantage can also be a disadvantage to a certain extent as it keeps the patient from visiting the doctor. Minoxidil does an excellent job to help treat hair loss, but before using this product, it is essential that you find out the actual cause of your hair loss. In some cases, you may not even need Minoxidil to treat the issue.\nEasy to use\nMinoxidil is quite easy to use. It is available in different types of applications, and each of them is quite simple to do. All you need to do is get into the habit of using this medication at least twice a day for six to eight months. The application process is in no way too precise or even demanding.\nBoosts hair restoration\nPeople who opt to do hair transplant surgery also choose to use Minoxidil solution to boost the result of hair restoration further. That being said, it is always good to speak to your doctor first before you do it.\nRemember that Minoxidil was first marketed as a drug that would help patients with high blood pressure. Using this solution right after your surgery could possibly cause a dip in your blood pressure, which may result in dizziness.\nWhat We Don’t Like About It\nYou have to be consistent\nIn order to see the results and for this medication to work well, it is highly essential to use it as consistently as possible. This solution will only work if you apply it the way it has been directed on the package, which means that you have to do it twice a day, every single day for a minimum of six to eight months.\nIf you aren’t consistent with the solution, any new hair that came out because of this medication will cease to grow and will fall out.\nNot effective for people with advanced hair loss\nMinoxidil solution tends to be more effective if it is used by people who are under the age of 30. It is also typically more effective if it has been only a few years since you have started losing your hair. If you have an area that is entirely bald, it is unlikely for Minoxidil to work on it.\nThat being said, it is still recommended to use Minoxidil. The treatment works differently for different patients, after all. So, there is a possibility for the solution to actually work for you.\nConcerns for women\nWhile the FDA has approved 2% of the Minoxidil solution to be used by women for hair loss, they didn’t approve anything higher than that. There are multiple reasons why women can only use the 2% solution.\nFor starters, the 5% solution tends to contain ingredients that are stronger and could possibly trigger an allergic reaction or skin irritation. Furthermore, this strong concentration could potentially put women at an elevated risk of low blood pressure, which could cause fainting or dizziness or even hypotension.\nThe other reason why the 5% and above concentration isn’t safe for women is that it could cause hair growth that is unwanted. The medication can easily migrate from the scalp to the face, and if the solution is left on the face, it could potentially cause hair to grow in that area.\nConclusion\nIn conclusion, Minoxidil is a brilliant alternative to those expensive hair transplant surgeries. While how well it may actually work for you entirely depends on many factors, it will definitely make even a little difference if used as directed.\nIf you are young and male or female pattern baldness runs in your family, then we highly recommend you start using this solution right away to show results as quickly as possible and more effectively!\nWant more hair growth tips? View our “Best Laser Caps For Hair Regrowth” article.\nFiled Under: Tips\nReader Interactions\nRankinlive.com\nGDPR – Request personal data\nPrivacy Policy\nDisclosure\nContact\nAbout\n© 2018 Rankinlive.com\nThis website uses cookies to provide you with the best browsing experience.\nFind out more or adjust your settings.\nAccept\nPrivacy Overview\nStrictly Necessary Cookies\nPowered by GDPR plugin\nPrivacy Overview\nThis website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.\nStrictly Necessary Cookies\nStrictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings.\ndisable\nIf you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. 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2019-04-18T22:30:47Z

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Research Updates in Psychiatry\nMENUMENU\nConditions\nAddictions\nSubstance Use Symptoms\nOpioid Use Symptoms\nSubstance Use Treatment\nADHD Overview\nAdult ADHD Symptoms\nAdult ADHD Treatment\nADHD Quiz\nChildhood ADHD\nChildhood ADHD Symptoms\nChildhood ADHD Treatment\nChildhood ADHD Quiz\nAnxiety & Panic\nGeneral Anxiety Symptoms\nAnxiety Treatment\nPanic Disorder Symptoms\nPanic Disorder Treatment\nAnxiety Test\nAutism\nAutism Symptoms\nAutism Treatment\nAsperger's Symptoms\nAsperger's Treatment\nAutism Test\nBipolar Disorder\nBipolar Disorder Symptoms\nBipolar Disorder Treatment\nBipolar Disorder Test\nDepression\nDepression Symptoms\nSeasonal Affective Disorder\nPostpartum Depression\nDepression Treatment\nDepression Test\nEating Disorders\nAnorexia Symptoms\nAnorexia Treatment\nBinge Eating Symptoms\nBinge Eating Treatment\nBulimia Symptoms\nBulimia Treatment\nBinge Eating Test\nEating Attitudes Test\nEating Disorders Test\nOCD\nOCD Symptoms\nOCD Treatment\nOCD Test\nPTSD\nPTSD Symptoms\nPTSD Treatment\nPTSD Test\nSchizophrenia\nSchizophrenia Symptoms\nSchizophrenia Treatment\nSchizophrenia Guide\nSchizophrenia Test\nParenting Issues\nPersonality\nPersonality Test\n16-Type Personality Test\nAll Personality Tests\nRelationship Issues\nSex & Relationship Tests\nSleep Disorders\nSleep Test\nCoping with Stress\nAll Mental Disorders\nQuizzes\nADHD Test\nAnxiety Test\nAutism Test\nBipolar Test\nDepression Test\nEating Disorders Test\nGrief Test\nPersonality Tests\nRelationship Tests\nSchizophrenia Test\nNews/Experts\nAsk the Therapist\nBlogs & Experts\nDaily Psychology News\nMental Health Podcasts\nWorld of Psychology Blog\nResearch/Resources\nEncyclopedia\nFind a Clinical Trial\nForums & Support Groups\nResource Directory\nFind Help\nAsk the Therapist\nDrugs & Medications\nFind a Therapist\nForums & Support Groups\nMood Tracker\nPsychotherapy 101\nPro\nPsych Central Professional\nFind a Job\nSubmit a Job\nPrivate Practice Kickstart\nExhausted Woman Blog\nRecovery Expert Blog\nNew England Psychologist\nFind help or get online counseling now\nadvertisement\nPsych Central Professional\nPrivate Practice Kickstart\nThe Exhausted Woman\nThe Recovery Expert\nApplied Behavior Analysis\nPro Services\nEditorial Submissions\nMental Health & Psychology Jobs\nResearch Updates in Psychiatry\nBy The Carlat Psychiatry Report\nLast updated: 6 Oct 2013\n~ 4 min read\nDEPRESSION\nLong-Term Exercise May Extend Remission in Depression\nRegular exercise can extend remission from major depression, regardless of whether remission was initially achieved through exercise or medication, a new study suggests. Researchers conducted a one-year follow up on participants of the SMILE II study (Blumenthal JA et al, Psychosom Med 2007;69:587–596), to see if aerobic exercise had any effect on remission from major depressive disorder (MDD).\nIn the original SMILE II study, 202 patients with MDD were randomized to either 1) home-based exercise, 2) supervised exercise, 3) sertraline (Zoloft) up to 200 mg, or 4) pill placebo. At the end of the 16-week trial, patients in both exercise groups and the medication group showed similar improvements in HAM-D scores and MDD outcome classification (ie, depressed, partial remission, or full remission), and both were superior to placebo.\nDuring the one-year follow up (16 months after the start of the trial), patients were allowed to choose their own treatment, such as exercise, Zoloft or some other antidepressant medication, or talk therapy, or they could choose to discontinue treatment. Of the original study sample, 85% (172 participants) provided follow-up data.\nForty-six percent of participants had been identified as fully remitted at the conclusion of the original 16-week trial (41% of the home exercise group; 54% of the supervised exercise group; 51% of the sertraline group; and 38% of the pill placebo group). One year after the trial ended, 66% were in full remission, and surprisingly, there were no significant differences in one-year remission rates among any of the groups, including placebo.\nWhile there was no requirement that patients exercise during the one-year follow-up, about half said they did, and these patients had significantly lower HAM-D scores (less depression) than those who did not choose to exercise. This benefit of exercise was the same regardless of the initial treatment assignment. There was an inverse relationship between HAM-D scores and time spent engaging in moderate intensity exercise. People who reported exercising three hours per week had an average 3.1 point lower HAM-D score than those who reported not exercising at all. Improvement leveled off when exercise was increased to more than three hours per week (Hoffman BM et al, Psychosom Med 2010; online ahead of print).\nThis article originally appeared in The Carlat Psychiatry Report -- an unbiased monthly covering all things psychiatry.\nWant more, plus easy CME credit?\nSubscribe today!\nTCPR’s Take: Past research shows a negative association between depression and exercise (Goodwin, Prev Med 2003;36:698–703), but has not clarified the causality question (ie, does exercise improve depression or do people who are depressed lack the motivation to exercise?). (For more on this topic, see TCPR, July/August 2010.) This study does not clarify the issue, because during the one-year follow up patients were not randomly assigned to exercise vs no exercise. Regardless, these findings are suggestive, and should encourage us to recommend exercise for our depressed patients.\nDEPRESSION\nAntidepressants Found Ineffective for Subthreshold Depression\nMany patients come into our offices feeling demoralized or unhappy, but without meeting the full diagnostic criteria for major depression or dysthymia. We often prescribe antidepressants for these subthreshold patients, on the theory that there is probably a continuum of depression severity.\nIt makes intuitive sense that if a medication works for a severely depressed patient, it would be at least somewhat helpful for an unhappy patient. But there is surprisingly little research regarding the efficacy of antidepressants for subthreshold depression, though there appears to be a small benefit of medications for “mild” depression (patients who met diagnostic criteria but had relatively mild symptom severity) (Fournier JC et al, JAMA 2010;303(1):47– 53).\nTherefore, it was nice to see a recent meta-analysis focusing specifically on patients with subthreshold depression. A total of six randomized controlled trials were included, comprising data from 234 drug-treated and 234 placebo-treated patients. There was no statistically significant benefit for antidepressants on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) or other measures of treatment response. In the studies that used the HAM-D, patients receiving medication were less than one point better off than those receiving placebo. Response rates were 41% for patients on antidepressants and 38% for placebo patients (Barbui C et al, Br J Psychiatry 2011;198:11–16).\nTCPR’s Take: Though both the number of included studies and the number of patients was small, the results were quite consistent across trials—so it seems that antidepressants are probably ineffective for subthreshold depression. Does this mean we should turn to therapy for these patients? A meta-analysis of seven studies including 700 total patients with subthreshold depression found that psychotherapy was more effective than treatment as usual (TAU) (Cuijpers P et al, Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007;115(6):434–41). However, TAU was not always clearly described in these studies, and in some cases it consisted of no treatment. Thus, we can be sure that psychotherapy works better than no treatment or very minimal treatment for subthreshold depression, but no study has directly compared psychotherapy with medication for these patients. So we can cautiously recommend psychotherapy to patients with subthreshold depression, but more research is needed.\nSCHIZOPHRENIA\nAre Depot Antipsychotics More Effective than Oral Meds? Maybe\nClinical folklore (and occasional drug reps) have suggested that depot antipsychotics have adherence advantages over their oral counterparts. In TCPR, December 2010, we reviewed this topic and found little solid evidence that depots reliably enhance patient adherence.\nA recent meta-analysis of 10 comparative trials, including 1,700 patients, examined how the two types of medication compared at reducing relapse in schizophrenia. Only studies on outpatients with at least a one-year follow-up were included.\nDepot medications included: fluphenazine (Prolixin; six trials); risperidone (Risperdal Consta; two trials); haloperidol decanoate (Haldol; one trial), and zuclopenthixol (Clopixol; one trial). Oral drugs included: Prolixin (four trials); pimozide (Orap; two trials); Clopixol (one trial); quetiapine (Seroquel; one trial); olanzapine (Zyprexa; one trial); and any injectable antipsychotic (one trial).\nPatients on depot medication had a lower relapse rate: 21.6% vs 33.3% for those on oral drugs. However, rehospitalization rates were not significantly different: 13.7% for depot vs 18.6% for oral.\nDropout rates were similar in the two groups: 54% depot and 59.8% oral. Significantly fewer patients on depot meds dropped out due to lack of treatment efficacy: 20.6% vs 29.6% (Leucht C et al, Schizophr Res; online ahead of print).\nTCPR’s Take: At first glance, the results slightly favor depot medications. But the authors noted several caveats. Half of the included studies used different drugs in the oral and depot groups. However, when examining only studies that compared the same drug, patients on depot had a lower rehospitalization rate than patients on oral medication. Other methodological issues: only half of the studies were double-blind; studies varied notably in their definition of relapse; some studies excluded non-adherent patients; and, based on an email exchange with Dr. Leucht, drug companies either sponsored or provided the medications for a number of the studies reviewed. Depot antipsychotics appear to have a slight advantage over orals in preventing relapse, but the difference is small, and this result is based on varying studies with different methodologies. We recommend prescribing depot meds judiciously, based on a good conversation with your patients.\nResearch Updates in Psychiatry\nRelated Articles\nThis article originally appeared in:\nClick on the image to learn more or subscribe today!\nThis article was published in print 4/2011 in Volume:Issue 9:4.\nThe Carlat Psychiatry Report\nCarlat Publishing provides clear, authoritative, engaging, independent psychiatric education to make you look forward to learning, with the goal of helping you feel smarter, more competent, and more confident in your ability to help your patients become happy. We receive no corporate funding, which allows a clear-eyed evaluation of all available treatments. Learn more and subscribe to one of their newsletters here.\nAPA Reference\nPsychiatry Report, T. (2013). Research Updates in Psychiatry. Psych Central. Retrieved on April 19, 2019, from https://pro.psychcentral.com/research-updates-in-psychiatry-47/\nLast updated: 6 Oct 2013\nLast reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 6 Oct 2013\nPublished on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.\nHot Topics Today\n1\nThe Three Jesuses of Narcissists\n2\nJealous Mothers Competing with their Daughters\n3\nNarcissist's Mixed Messages\n4\nIs Shaming Yourself a Habit? The Magic Question to Help Stop Shame in Its Tracks\nJoin Over 195,000 Subscribers\nto Our Weekly Newsletter\nFind a Therapist\nEnter ZIP or postal code\nHome\nAbout Us\nAd Choices\nAdvertise with Us\nContact Us\nPrivacy Policy\nTerms of Use\nDisclaimer/Disclosure\nFeeds\nCrisis Helplines\nADHD\nAnxiety\nBipolar\nDepression\nSchizophrenia\nPsychotherapy\nPsych Central Professional\nPsych Central Blogs\nPsych Central News\nPsychological Tests & Quizzes\nSanity Score\nForums • NeuroTalk\nCopyright © 1995-2019 Psych Central\nSite last updated: 19 Apr 2019\nHandcrafted with pride in historic Massachusetts.\nPsych Central does not provide medical, mental illness, or psychological advice, diagnosis or treatment. Learn more.

2019-04-19T14:56:46Z

"https://pro.psychcentral.com/research-updates-in-psychiatry-47/"

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19 Proven Health Benefits of Yoga + Mechanisms & References - Selfhacked\nHome\nStart Here\nPosts\nBiohacking Science\nMiscellaneous\nMitochondria\nNeuroscience\nTranscription Factors\nConditions\nAnti-aging\nAutoimmunity\nBlood Sugar\nBrain\nGut\nHeart Health\nHistamine intolerance\nInfections\nInflammation\nMold\nThyroid\nWeight loss\nHealthy Living\nDetox\nDevices\nDiet\nFitness\nHolistic Interventions\nHow-to\nSleep/Circadian Rhythm\nStress Reduction\nSubstances\nAmino Acids\nFats\nFoods\nHerbs\nNutrients\nProbiotics\nSupplements (other)\nTesting\nBlood Tests\nCytokines\nGenetics\nHormones\nAbout\nGenetics\nVIP Login\nStore\nSearch for an Article\nSearch\nSelfhacked\nHome\nStart Here\nPosts\nBiohacking Science\nAllMiscellaneousMitochondriaNeuroscienceTranscription Factors\nGonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Function\nToo Much Norepinephrine: Symptoms & How to Lower It\nHow to Increase Norepinephrine + Deficiency Symptoms\nNorepinephrine Function, Effects, Synthesis & Receptors\n6 Oxaloacetate Benefits (incl. Brain Protection) + Side Effects\nCatalase Enzyme: Function, Benefits, Supplements\nView all\nConditions\nAllAnti-agingAutoimmunityBlood SugarBrainGutHeart HealthHistamine intoleranceInfectionsInflammationMoldThyroidWeight loss\n9 Chicory Root Fiber, Coffee & Extract Benefits + Side Effects\n10 Impressive Bentonite Clay Benefits (incl. Detox) + Dangers\n10 Luteolin Benefits + Foods & Supplement Side Effects\nToo Much Norepinephrine: Symptoms & How to Lower It\nHow to Increase Norepinephrine + Deficiency Symptoms\nNorepinephrine Function, Effects, Synthesis & Receptors\nView all\nHealthy Living\nAllDetoxDevicesDietFitnessHolistic InterventionsHow-toSleep/Circadian RhythmStress Reduction\n6 Dragon Fruit Benefits, Taste, Nutrition & How To Eat It\n5 Ornithine Benefits (incl. Sleep) + Side Effects\n7 Benefits of Hemp Seeds + Nutrition & Side Effects\nHMB Supplement Benefits + Side Effects, Dosage & Reviews\n10 Impressive Bentonite Clay Benefits (incl. Detox) + Dangers\nAlkaline Water Hype vs. Potential Benefits & Side Effects\nView all\nSubstances\nAllAmino AcidsFatsFoodsHerbsNutrientsProbioticsSupplements (other)\n6 Dragon Fruit Benefits, Taste, Nutrition & How To Eat It\n11 Chinese Skullcap Benefits (incl. Hair Loss) + Side Effects\n11 Anise Seed Benefits + How to Use the Oil, Extract & Tea\nArmour Thyroid Dosage, Side Effects, Reviews\n6 Benefits of Passion Fruit (Maracuya) & How to Eat It\nLaetrile (Vitamin B17, Amygdalin) Benefits, Foods & Fallacies\nView all\nTesting\nAllBlood TestsCytokinesGeneticsHormones\nArmour Thyroid Dosage, Side Effects, Reviews\nGonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Function\nLevothyroxine Uses, Side Effects, Dosage + Thyroid Support\nToo Much Norepinephrine: Symptoms & How to Lower It\nHow to Increase Norepinephrine + Deficiency Symptoms\nNorepinephrine Function, Effects, Synthesis & Receptors\nView all\nAbout\nGenetics\nVIP Login\nStore\nAutoimmunity\n19 Proven Health Benefits of Yoga + Mechanisms & References\nBy Dr. Nattha Wannissorn, PhD\nLast updated: February 20, 2019\nEvidence Based\nThis post contains affiliate links\n0\nOur team comprises of trained MDs, PhDs, pharmacists, qualified scientists, and certified health and wellness specialists. We are dedicated to providing unbiased, comprehensive, objective information on any given topic.\nNote that each “R” in parentheses [R, R, etc.] is a clickable link to peer-reviewed scientific studies. “R+” means that the information is found within the full scientific study rather than the abstract.\nYoga is a meditative practice in motion originated in the ancient Indian religion and tradition. While it started as a spiritual practice, currently there are many scientific studies that confirm the health benefits of yoga. These benefits include increased HRV, increased BDNF, and reduced oxidative stress. Yoga can also help manage chronic diseases like cancer and multiple sclerosis. Read this post to learn more about the science-backed mechanisms that explain why yoga is beneficial and the 19 health benefits of yoga that are backed up by clinical studies.\nWhat is Yoga?\nYoga is a meditative practice in motion with its roots going back to ancient India. Yoga is a Sanskrit word which means union. It combines physical postures, deep breathing techniques, meditation, and relaxation.\nThere are many different forms of yoga, including Hatha, Pranayama, Ashtanga Vinyasa, Kundalini, Bikram, etc.\nHatha Yoga\nHatha yoga focuses on physical and mental strength building poses. Many westernized types of Hatha Yoga are used today to improve overall health and wellbeing.\nOne variation of Hatha yoga is Iyengar, which focuses on the detail, precision, and alignment of the posture and breath control. It helps developing stability, strength, and stamina (R).\nAnother Hatha variation, called Pranayama, is also known as breathing exercises that benefit for your entire body. Pranayama has shown to increase the blood flow and release of toxins from the body. Releasing toxins through deep breathing has shown to promote better sleep (R).\nAshtanga Vinyasa\nAshtanga Vinyasa yoga is a physically demanding yoga practice that involves sequences of yoga postures that are synchronized with the breath. It is physically more demanding than other types of yoga (R).\nKundalini Yoga\nOn the other hand, Kundalini Yoga includes many meditation techniques. It is mostly used as a tool to treat anxiety disorders or for meeting mental challenges (R).\nBikram Yoga\nBikram yoga is an intense type of yoga that is practiced in a room heated to 105 °F with 40% humidity. Although it can improve strength and balance in healthy adults, beginners should be careful due to its intense nature (R).\nYoga Nidra\nYoga Nidra, also called yogic relaxation therapy, is a form of gentle yoga that typically comprises of maintaining a shavasana pose (corpse pose or simply laying comfortably) and guided meditation (R).\nHealth Benefits of Yoga\n1) Yoga Improves Heart Rate Variability and Vagus Nerve Tone\nThe vagus nerve plays an important role in all aspects of health. Read this post to learn more about the vagus nerve.\nYoga can stimulate the vagus nerve by movement, chanting, and breathing exercises. The vagus nerve stimulation may be responsible for some of the positive effects that the yoga practice has on the brain and emotions (R).\nBy stimulating the vagus nerve, yoga increases the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. The increased PNS activity results in an increase of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the brain (R).\nYoga can increase heart rate variability (HRV) and vagus nerve tone (R).\nNote: HRV is used for health and fitness and is an indicator of autonomic regulation and vagus nerve health. High HRV is associated with fitness, strength, and resilience to stress.\n2) Yoga Reduces Stress\nYoga includes meditation, relaxation, and exercise. It helps control the stress response systems, thus reducing stress and anxiety. Yoga reduces heart rate, improves breathing, and lowers blood pressure. All of these effects help control the HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system, thus reducing stress (R), which positively affects overall health.\nYoga practice successfully reduced stress among students with high workloads and increased their overall perception of joy (R).\n3) Yoga Helps Reduce Oxidative Stress and Increase Cellular Antioxidants\nSeveral small-scale studies in diverse subject types (e.g., Air Force Academy trainees, healthy young men, university students, and menopausal women) have consistently shown that yoga helps reduce oxidative stress.\nIn these studies, compared to control subjects, those who practiced yoga had (R, R2, R3, R4):\ndecreased oxidized glutathione levels\ndecreased nitric oxide levels\ndecreased lipid peroxides levels\nincreased total glutathione levels\nincreased antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase\n4) Yoga Increases Cognitive Function\nThere are many ways that yoga may help with cognitive function, such as:\nincreasing BDNF (R)\nactivating the vagus nerve (R)\nreducing oxidative stress and inflammation\nreducing the response to stress\nAs a novel physical activity involving new forms of movement, yoga may stimulate the nervous system to acquire new connections (R, R2).\nYoga may increase cognitive function by activating the default mode network (DMN), the part of the brain that is active when the individual is not focused inward to the self and not to the outside world (e.g., during yoga or meditation). Increased DMN function has been associated with improved memory performance in young adults and executive-function tasks in older adults (R, R2).\nA single session of yoga was associated with moderate improvements in attention and processing speed in a meta-analysis (R). Yoga can improve executive function and memory (R).\n5) Yoga Helps with Pain from Chronic Illnesses\nPatients who suffer from chronic back pain, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, neck pain, or severe migraines and do not wish to take conventional painkillers find that yoga and similar practices have pain-relieving effects when done correctly (R).\nPatients with fibromyalgia showed improved strength, balance, and pain tolerance during yoga therapy and 3 months after treatment (R).\nWomen suffering from pelvic pain many times do not find relief through normal channels. Yoga can help alleviate pelvic pain and reduce the stress and anxiety that women get from this kind of pain (R).\nIn patients who have become addicted to opiate painkillers, pain relief during withdrawal is relieved by group medical visits and yoga therapy. Over time, the opiate need disappears, and pain relief can be handled with yoga (R).\nChildren and youth suffering from pain or discomfort due to health issues find relief in mind-body yoga (R, R).\n6) Yoga Reduces Inflammation\nYoga practitioners have lower TNF-α and IL-6 levels, both before and after the practice (R).\nRegular practice can reduce cytokine levels and protect against inflammation (R).\n7) Yoga Helps with Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Health\nA yoga-based lifestyle intervention can help with weight loss and prevent weight gain among people who are overweight (R, R2).\nIn a meta-analysis that included 2173 participants from 30 clinical trials, yoga as an intervention was effective for weight loss in terms of BMI but not in terms of body fat or waist circumference in overweight/obese subjects. However, yoga had no significant effect on any of these parameters in normal weight people (R). Therefore, yoga alone may not be an effective way of reducing weight or body fat. However, by reducing stress and inflammation, it can be beneficial in other ways when combined with diet and increased physical exercise.\nThere are many ways in which yoga helps with weight loss as part of a lifestyle intervention program including:\nReducing Stress\nBy reducing stress, yoga reduces inflammation, which may help with leptin sensitivity (R).\nYoga also lowers cortisol and increases beta-endorphins (R), which might help reduce emotional eating and overeating (R).\nReducing Inflammation and Increasing Adiponectin\nInflammation can cause obesity. Yoga can reduce inflammatory cytokines and adipokines such as IL-6, IL-18, TNF-alpha, and CRP, and increase adiponectin in obese and post-menopausal women (R).\nImproving Cardiorespiratory Fitness\nYoga postures result in improved cardiorespiratory fitness (R) and reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients (R).\nYoga can also reduce almost all lipid parameters (LDL and triglycerides), except HDL, four weeks after starting the program lasting for 14 weeks (R).\nYoga lowers resting heart rate, increases endurance, and improves the maximum oxygen uptake and utilization during exercise (R, R2, R3).\n8) Yoga Improves Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms\nIntegrated yoga and physical therapy improve auditory and visual reaction time while reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (R).\nBenefits of yoga for MS patients include (R, R2):\nimproving cognitive dysfunction disabilities in patients with MS (R)\nimproving mood (R)\nincreasing physical and emotional functions\nincreasing energy levels and reducing fatigue\nimproving overall hygiene\nreducing pain and hospitalization time due to MS symptoms (R)\nincreasing strength and balance\nincreasing lower limb strength and core balance, thus helping with gait and walking capabilities (R)\nimproving social functioning\n9) Yoga Helps Relieve Asthma\nAsthma is an inflammatory disorder that can be affected by the autoimmune system. Breathing, postures and relaxation yoga exercises can help asthma patients (R).\nA Cochrane review involving 15 randomized controlled trials and 1048 participants found moderate-quality evidence supporting that yoga may improve quality of life and reduce symptoms in asthma patients. In some patients, yoga improved asthma symptoms and reduced medication usage. Practicing yoga, especially the variations that focus on breathing techniques, can ameliorate asthma symptoms (R).\n10) Yoga Reduces Diabetes Symptoms\nYoga, in combination with adequate treatment, can help reduce diabetes symptoms. This practice increases insulin sensitivity and prevents an increase in blood sugar levels (R).\n11) Yoga Helps with Depression\nYoga helps with depression by reducing HPA axis dysfunction and inflammation and by increasing BDNF.\nA randomized controlled trial showed moderate short-term effects of yoga when compared to standard treatments for depression (R).\nYoga, alone or combined with antidepressants, helps decrease Hamilton Depression Rating Scale even more so than antidepressants alone. The decrease in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale correlates with the increase in serum BDNF levels (R).\nIn premenopausal women with back pain, yoga increases serum BDNF levels and prevents the drop in serotonin levels (R).\nYoga Nidra helps with depression and anxiety symptoms associated with menstrual disorders (R).\n12) Yoga Helps with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)\nThe normalizing effect of yoga on the stress response system may also help with PTSD.\nPatients with PTSD showed reduced anxiety and stress when participating in a group yoga therapy program (R).\nWomen with PTSD, mainly from interpersonal violence involving intimate partners, exhibited reduced PTSD symptoms, depression, and anxiety after participating in Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (R).\nLong-term yoga practice reduced chronic symptoms of PTSD in young adults. Yoga also decreased the chance of being diagnosed with PTSD (R).\nChildren suffering from trauma due to abuse or negligence in an urban setting found relief when participating in yoga-based psychotherapy over the course of 12-weeks. Their yoga focused on improving mental health alongside physiological health (R).\nYoga increased mindfulness and resilience and decreased PTSD symptoms in soldiers returning from or currently serving in the military (R).\n13) Yoga Helps with Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms\nPatients with Parkinson’s disease increased their physiological and psychological functions after participating in an 8-week yoga program (R).\n14) Yoga Helps with Rehab from Stroke\nAfter a stroke, patients who undergo 8-week yoga rehabilitation have improved brain and muscle functions (R).\n15) Yoga May Help with Menopausal Symptoms\nA meta-study showed that yoga might help with menopausal symptoms, including psychological, body-based (somatic), and vasomotor (i.e. hot flashes) symptoms. However, two randomized control trials included in this meta-analysis found no effect (R).\n16) Yoga Improves Strength, Bone Density, Balance, and Flexibility\nPerforming yoga poses in the proper way strengthens your bones and muscles. It increases your flexibility and coordination and protects from injuries.\nHatha Yoga is physiologically beneficial to any age group, as long as it is performed properly to reduce any chances of injury. It improves core stability and balance, over the course of a 21-day program, from well-performed standing-stork and side-plank poses (R, R).\nYoung women participating in yoga programs had increased upper limb strength and increased abdominal muscle enduranc (R).\nWomen with increased bone deterioration improved bone mineral density and formation without medication from participation in group yoga focused on improving strength and stability (R).\nIn sedentary healthy and older adults, daily yoga practices improved functional fitness outcome over normal strength and conditioning exercises without the need for extra equipment (R).\nIn healthy adults, a 12-week Hatha Yoga program increased lung function, muscle strength and endurance, and overall flexibility without any serious muscle strain, and decreased resting heart rate (R).\nContinued yoga practice improves muscle flexibility and connective tissues surrounding the bones and joints. Yoga helps build and maintain muscle strength (R).\nYoga also improves balance in male college athletes, which helps with sports performance (R).\n17) Yoga Improves Sleep Quality\nAs a circadian zeitgeber, yoga may regulate the body’s circadian rhythm, which improves sleep quality (R).\nYoga can help treat insomnia and sleep difficulties in cancer patients (R).\nOlder adults who practice yoga regularly reported better overall sleep quality, less disturbed sleep, less use of medications, and they also felt more rested compared to older adults who don’t practice yoga (R).\n18) Yoga Helps with Fertility\nSome causes of infertility in men include low sperm quality, anxiety, and obesity.\nYoga can improve sperm quality and motility. Practicing yoga can help improve prostate health. It can also reduce anxiety levels, which can improve sex life and help with mild erectile dysfunction (R).\nObesity can be a contributor to male infertility. Yoga practice can help regulate weight (R).\nMood can also affect fertility and sexual function. After three months of yoga, women reported improvements in stress, anxiety, energy, fatigue, and depression, which improve sex life and increase fertility. They also reported less back pain and headaches (R).\nIn combination with fertility treatments, yoga can help women by improving mental relaxation. By practicing yoga, women can lead a healthier lifestyle helping with fertility (R).\n19) Yoga is Beneficial for Cancer Patients\nIn cancer resource centers, non-pharmaceutical intervention for pain, stress, and anxiety are crucial to the wellbeing of the patients. Yoga is included in this intervention, which reduced stress and anxiety, improved mood, and increased patients’ perceived health (R).\nWomen undergoing treatment for breast cancer showed improved psychological functions after participating in a Bali yoga program. Depression in patients decreased, and the perceived quality of life increased over continuous yoga practice (R).\nIn patients undergoing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, chronic side effects include fatigue, nausea, and muscle weakness. Individual yoga post-chemotherapy is an unconventional method that alleviated these side effects, boosting patients’ motivation to continue with chemotherapy (R).\nChildren suffering from fatigue due to chemotherapy and blood stem cell transplantation had increased mobility and strength after yoga including breathing exercises, warm-up exercises, yoga poses, and balancing poses (R).\nMen suffering from prostate cancer undergoing 6 to 9-week radiotherapy had decreased fatigue, increased sexual health, decreased levels of urinary incontinence, and increased the quality of life (R).\nVivekananda Yoga has beneficial effects on both patients with lung cancer and their family members. The mental health and sleep quality of the patients increased, which in turn leads to decreased sleep disturbances for family members (R).\nPotential Harm/Side Effects from Yoga\nPractitioners can get injured during yoga, even when they are supervised by experts. Yoga teachers, who practice more intense stands, are more likely to suffer from adverse events (R).\nIn one survey of 110 Ashtanga Vinyasa practitioners, 62% of them reported at least one yoga-related injury, which was mainly muscle sprains and strains (R).\nIn traditional yoga, voluntary vomiting is a common cleansing technique. This technique can cause acid reflux symptoms or dental erosion. However, this practice is rare in North America or Europe (R).\nPranayama, which focuses mainly on breathing techniques, is not appropriate for beginners. Some extreme breathing techniques resemble hyperventilation, which can cause problems in people who do not know how to control their breathing (R).\nBikram yoga is practiced in a room heated to 105 °F with 40% humidity and is physically intense. The intensity and extreme heat during Bikram make it inappropriate for the elderly and people with medical conditions (R).\nYoga also requires concentration and awareness. It is recommended that practitioners abstain from using drugs or alcohol to avoid injuries during practice (R).\nFinally, people with high blood pressure, glaucoma, lower back pain, and pregnant women should modify or avoid some yoga poses as they may cause injuries or aggravate some conditions (R). Fortunately, most yoga poses can be scaled down or made easier to suit the practitioner, so you should consult your physician or qualified healthcare practitioner to determine the extent to which you can practice yoga or if there are any poses to avoid.\nThe Yoga That I Do\nWatch and perform this video, which I find very helpful to do at night.\nDr. Nattha Wannissorn, PhD\nAbout the Author\nDr. Nattha Wannissorn, PhD\nPHD (MOLECULAR GENETICS)\nNattha received her Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics from the University of Toronto and her undergraduate degree in Molecular and Computational Biology from the University of Pennsylvania.\nAside from having spent 15 years in biomedical research and health sciences, Nattha is also a registered holistic nutritionist, a certified personal trainer, has a precision nutrition level 1 certification, and is a certified functional diagnostic nutrition practitioner. As a holistic practitioner with a strong science background, Nattha is an advocate of science literacy in health topics and self-experimentation.\nRATE THIS ARTICLE\n(No Ratings Yet)\nLoading...\nFDA Compliance\nThe information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. We do not aim to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any illness or disease. Information is shared for educational purposes only. You must consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.\nContents\nWhat is Yoga?\nHatha Yoga\nAshtanga Vinyasa\nKundalini Yoga\nBikram Yoga\nYoga Nidra\nHealth Benefits of Yoga\n1) Yoga Improves Heart Rate Variability and Vagus Nerve Tone\n2) Yoga Reduces Stress\n3) Yoga Helps Reduce Oxidative Stress and Increase Cellular Antioxidants\n4) Yoga Increases Cognitive Function\n5) Yoga Helps with Pain from Chronic Illnesses\n6) Yoga Reduces Inflammation\n7) Yoga Helps with Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Health\n8) Yoga Improves Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms\n9) Yoga Helps Relieve Asthma\n10) Yoga Reduces Diabetes Symptoms\n11) Yoga Helps with Depression\n12) Yoga Helps with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)\n13) Yoga Helps with Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms\n14) Yoga Helps with Rehab from Stroke\n15) Yoga May Help with Menopausal Symptoms\n16) Yoga Improves Strength, Bone Density, Balance, and Flexibility\n17) Yoga Improves Sleep Quality\n18) Yoga Helps with Fertility\n19) Yoga is Beneficial for Cancer Patients\nPotential Harm/Side Effects from Yoga\nThe Yoga That I Do\nJoe Cohen, CEO\nAbout Joe\nJoe Cohen won the genetic lottery of bad genes. As a kid, he suffered from inflammation, brain fog, fatigue, digestive problems, anxiety, depression, and other issues that were poorly understood in both conventional and alternative medicine.\nRead More\nAdd Comment CANCEL\nPlease enter your comment!\nYour email\nYou have entered an incorrect email address!\nPlease enter your email address here\nName\nPlease enter your name here\nNotify me of replies via email\nSave my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.\nNotify me of follow-up comments by email.\nNotify me of new posts by email.\nThis site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.\nRelated Articles\nVIEW ALL\nFoods\n0\n0\n6 Dragon Fruit Benefits, Taste, Nutrition & How To Eat It\nDetox\n0\n0\n5 Ornithine Benefits (incl. 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The effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on early neonatal morbidity in rural Nepal: a randomised, controlled, community trial | Archives of Disease in Childhood\nSkip to main content\nWe use cookies to improve our service and to tailor our content and advertising to you. More info You can manage your cookie settings via your browser at any time. To learn more about how we use cookies, please see our cookies policy.\nSubscribe\nLog In More\nLog in via Institution\nLog in via OpenAthens\nLog in using your username and password\nFor personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts\nUsername *\nPassword *\nForgot your log in details?Register a new account?\nForgot your user name or password?\nBasket\nSearch More\nSearch for this keyword\nAdvanced search\nLatest content\nCurrent issue\nArchive\nAuthors\nSearch for this keyword\nAdvanced search\nClose More\nMain menu\nLatest content\nCurrent issue\nArchive\nAuthors\nSubscribe\nLog in More\nLog in via Institution\nLog in via OpenAthens\nLog in using your username and password\nFor personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts\nUsername *\nPassword *\nForgot your log in details?Register a new account?\nForgot your user name or password?\nBMJ Journals More\nYou are here\nHome\nArchive\nVolume 93, Issue 8\nThe effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on early neonatal morbidity in rural Nepal: a randomised, controlled, community trial\nEmail Alert\nArticle Text\nArticle menu\nArticle\nText\nArticle\ninfo\nCitation\nTools\nShare\nResponses\nArticle\nmetrics\nAlerts\nPDF\nOriginal article\nThe effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on early neonatal morbidity in rural Nepal: a randomised, controlled, community trial\nP Christian1,\nG L Darmstadt1,\nL Wu1,\nS K Khatry2,\nS C LeClerq1,\nJ Katz1,\nK P West Jr1,\nR K Adhikari3\n1\nDepartment of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA\n2\nNepal Nutrition Intervention Project, Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal\n3\nInstitute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal\nParul Christian, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; pchristi{at}jhsph.edu\nAbstract\nObjective: Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy may be linked to poor newborn health and poor host defences against infection. We assessed newborn morbidity to determine the effect of four combinations of antenatal micronutrient supplements.\nDesign: Cluster-randomised, double-masked, controlled trial.\nSetting: Rural community in Nepal.\nInterventions: Women received daily supplements from early pregnancy through to 3 months postpartum of vitamin A alone (control) or vitamin A with folic acid, folic acid plus iron, folic acid plus iron plus zinc or a multiple micronutrient supplement containing these and 11 other nutrients.\nMain outcome measures: Infants were visited in their home at birth (n = 3927) and for each of 9 days thereafter to elicit a 24-h history of nine infant morbidity symptoms, measure infant respiratory rate and axial temperature, and assess the infant for chest indrawing. At 6 weeks of age, infants were visited again in their homes to elicit a 30-day and 7-day history of 10 morbidity symptoms using parental recall.\nResults: Maternal micronutrient supplementation had no effect on 10-day morbidity or morbidity 30-day and 7-day morbidity assessed at 6 weeks of age all relative risks were close to 1. Symptoms of birth asphyxia increased by about 60% (p<0.05) in infants of women who received the multiple micronutrient supplement compared with the control. Symptoms of combinations of sepsis, preterm and birth asphyxia were associated with 8- to 14-fold increased odds of 6-month infant mortality.\nConclusions: None of the combinations of antenatal micronutrient supplements tested improved symptoms of neonatal morbidity in the first 10 days of life or at 6 weeks of age. Further research is needed to elucidate the association and mechanism of increased risk of birth asphyxia following maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation.\nTrial registration numbers: NCT00115271.\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.114009\nStatistics from Altmetric.com\nWhat is already known on this topic\nNeonatal morbidity and mortality continue to be high in many settings where births occur at home. Few studies have examined the risk of antenatal micronutrient supplementation effects on neonatal morbidity in the developing world.\nWhat this study adds\nMaternal micronutrient supplementation does not appear to ameliorate the risk of neonatal morbidity. Multiple micronutrients may increase the risk of birth asphyxia in some settings, although the mechanisms remain unclear.\nNeonatal mortality contributes to two-thirds of all infant deaths in developing countries, owing primarily to birth asphyxia, infections and preterm birth.1 The burden of neonatal morbidity caused by these same conditions may be much higher and may affect infant growth, development and function in many settings. Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy are thought to contribute to neonatal morbidity.2–4 However, Costello and Osrin’s5 review of the literature covering the effects of micronutrient interventions on neonatal health suggested that additional community-based trials of micronutrient supplementation are needed to establish a causal linkage.\nPreviously, vitamin A supplementation in ∼20 000 pregnant women failed to show an effect on fetal loss or early infant mortality in Nepal,6 although in a subgroup of night-blind (ie, vitamin-A-deficient) women there was an increased risk of infant mortality.7 The evidence with regard to the relationship between prenatal zinc supplementation and pregnancy-related outcomes and neonatal morbidity is also weak.8 In a clinic-based trial among HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania, supplementation with B-complex and C vitamins resulted in a significant reduction in perinatal mortality.9 The implications of these findings for non-HIV-infected populations, however, are, unclear. Further, adding zinc to the B-complex formulation did not produce any benefit in terms of pregnancy or neonatal outcomes.10 The evidence regarding other single micronutrients and neonatal morbidity and pregnancy outcome is lacking or derived from observational studies of maternal status during pregnancy and its association with neonatal outcomes.5\nIn Nepal, we conducted a double-masked, cluster-randomised controlled trial of four different combinations of micronutrients given daily with vitamin A or vitamin A alone (as a control) to women from early gestation through to 3 months postpartum.11 12 We showed that the combination of iron and folic acid increased birth weight and decreased low birthweight relative to the control. The multiple micronutrient supplements failed to increase birth weight beyond that observed with iron and folic acid, but increased 3-month infant mortality among term infants.11 12 In this study we also assessed, daily, newborn morbidity in the first 10 days of life. Here we report the effect of maternal micronutrient supplementation on newborn health using previously validated definitions for neonatal morbidity.\nMETHODS\nStudy design\nFrom January 2000 through April 2001, we conducted a double-masked, randomiaed, community trial of daily micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy through to 3 months postpartum in the rural southeastern Nepal district of Sarlahi. We examined the effect of four combinations of micronutrients: (1) 400 μg folic acid, (2) folic acid plus 60 mg iron, (3) folic acid plus iron plus 30 mg zinc, and (4) multiple micronutrients (folic acid, iron, zinc, 10 μg vitamin D, 10 mg vitamin E, 1.6 mg vitamin B-1, 1.8 mg vitamin B-2, 20 mg niacin, 2.2 mg vitamin B-6, 2.6 μg vitamin B-12, 100 mg vitamin C, 65 μg vitamin K, 2 mg copper and 100 mg magnesium) all given with 1000 μg retinol equivalents (RE) vitamin A, and all compared to vitamin A alone as the control, on birth weight and infant survival.11 12 The details of the study design have been published before. Briefly, the study area was divided into 426 sectors and randomisation was done using a sector as the unit. Pregnant women in the community were identified through a 5-weekly assessment using a urine-based β-hCG test conducted on those who reported being amenstrual in the past 30 days. Supplementation began in the week following the detection of pregnancy and continued during pregnancy through to 3 months postpartum. Dosing and supplement replenishment was done by 426 local female workers, one per sector, or about 40 households, by twice-weekly visits to the homes of the pregnant women. Pregnancy outcomes were monitored twice a week. Gestational age was assessed using the date of the last menstrual period and the window of 4 weeks prior to the week when the woman tested positive on the pregnancy test.\nData collection\nA special data collection team visited the home of each woman soon after delivery to conduct a birth assessment including anthropometry and a detailed interview regarding labour and delivery. Subsequently, trained project staff visited the newborn every day through to the 10th day to elicit a 24-h maternal history of nine infant morbidity symptoms and to measure infant respiratory rate and axial temperature, and to assess the infant for chest indrawing. The symptoms assessed included difficulty sucking, lethargy, convulsions or stiffness of the back, red or purulent umbilicus, conjunctivitis, yellow body, severe chest indrawing, diarrhea, defined as six or more loose stools, and vomiting more than half a feed. In addition the staff were trained to measure respiratory rate and clinically assess chest indrawing using the World Health Organization IMCI video13 by senior members of an ongoing John Snow International project involving community-based assessment and treatment of pneumonia in Nepal. The video used in the training was adapted for Nepal and dubbed into Nepali and showed examples of rapid breathing and chest indrawing, and allowed trainees a chance to practice and get feedback. Axial temperature was also measured during each visit using a Mark of Fitness digital thermometer (HealthCheck Systems Inc, Brooklyn, NY). Among women who went to their parental home for delivery, the birth-assessment interview was conducted as late as 3 months postpartum. However, the 2- to10-day assessment was done only during the first 10 days of the newborn’s life. Thus, for newborn–mother pairs that were not met soon after birth, birth-assessment history was obtained by recall, but data were missing on the 10-day morbidity. At 6 weeks of age, the infant–mother pairs were again visited in the home to collect previous 30-day and 7-day histories of 10 morbidity symptoms using maternal recall. Infant mortality was assessed twice a week through to 3 months postpartum by female project workers who distributed the study supplements to women and again at 6-months of age. The date of death was ascertained within a week of death as part of a verbal autopsy interview.\nUsing the 10-day morbidity data and data collected at the time of the birth assessment, we created definitions for sepsis, birth asphyxia, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) and hypothermia as described in table 1.\nView this table:\nView inline\nView popup\nTable 1 Neonatal morbidity definitions used in the present analysis\nStatistical analysis\nData from the 10-day morbidity and birth assessments were examined as percentages. The effect of micronutrient supplementation on 10-day morbidity was analysed using the generalised estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression model with supplementation group as an indicator variable and the control group as the reference, and each of the morbidities as the outcome.14 GEE analysis was used to adjust for cluster randomisation. Similar analyses were conducted using morbidity data collected at 6 weeks of age. Mortality rates in the first 6 months of life were calculated by presence or absence of one or more morbidities in the first 10 days of life. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using GEE logistic regression with mortality as an outcome and the independent variable being morbidity symptom(s). All statistical analyses were done using SAS v 9.1 (SAS Inc., Cary, NC).\nEthical approval for the study was obtained from the Committee on Human Research at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA, and the Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.\nRESULTS\nOut of 4967 pregnancies monitored in the study, 4130 ended in a live birth, and 3927 (95% of live births) had birth-assessment data. Data for the first 10 days were collected for all surviving newborns whose mother was met at the time of the home visit. Thus, newborns who died soon after birth or in the first 10 days of life, or whose mother was not at home at the time of a scheduled visit, had missing data. In all, data were available for 3194 (77.3%) to 3275 (79.3%) newborns on any given day during the 10-day morbidity-assessment period. All data contributed by infants in the 10-day period prior to their death were included in the analysis. Data for the day of birth were available for more newborns (n = 3927) than for the subsequent 9 days of life because the birth-assessment interview was conducted beyond the first 10-day period of follow-up.\nDaily prevalence rates of nine signs and symptoms in the first 10 days of life showed varying patterns (fig 1). Prevalence of symptoms such as red or purulent umbilicus and diarrhea increased over the first few days, whereas symptoms of moderate to severe hypothermia and difficulty suckling declined after the first day. Respiratory rate of >60 breaths/min was observed among 11–18% of newborns on any given day, whereas convulsions/stiffening of the back occurred among <2.5% of newborns. Prevalence rates using maternal report of the infant being “cold to touch” in the past 24 h and axial temperature measurement of <96.6°F were highly comparable.\nDownload figure\nOpen in new tab\nDownload powerpoint\nFigure 1 Prevalence of morbidity signs and symptoms among infants in the first 10 days of life.\nCharacteristics of newborns by treatment group are presented in table 2. Prevalence rates of sepsis, birth asphyxia, ALRI and hypothermia in the first 10 days ranged from 8–10%, 5–8%, <1% and 11–14%, respectively, across the treatment groups (table 3). Daily supplementation during pregnancy and the postpartum period with four combinations of micronutrients did not affect the prevalence of sepsis, ALRI and hypothermia in the first 10 days of life (table 3). Prevalence of birth asphyxia, however, defined using either algorithm, was about 60% higher in the multiple micronutrient group compared with the control. Previously, we showed that maternal supplementation did not affect the rate of preterm delivery.11 The impact of multiple micronutrient supplementation did not differ by maternal age, parity, birth weight (low birth weight vs. normal) and gestational age (data not shown). The design effect for the morbidities ranged from 1.03–1.90.\nView this table:\nView inline\nView popup\nTable 2 Characteristics of infants at birth by treatment group\nView this table:\nView inline\nView popup\nTable 3 Effect of maternal supplementation on 10-day neonatal morbidity\nRelative to infants who experienced no symptoms, infants who exhibited symptoms of either sepsis or birth asphyxia or were preterm were at a several-fold higher risk of mortality in the first 6 months of life (table 4). Moderate to severe hypothermia alone was not associated with an increased risk (data not shown). Combinations of symptoms of sepsis plus birth asphyxia, preterm plus birth asphyxia and preterm plus sepsis were associated with 8- to 14-fold increased odds of mortality. All three symptoms of birth asphyxia, preterm and sepsis were only found in 15 (<1%) infants and was associated with an increased odds of mortality of 29.6 (95% CI 18.8 to 46.5).\nView this table:\nView inline\nView popup\nTable 4 Six-month infant mortality by neonatal morbidity symptoms and condition within 10 days of birth (n = 3779)\nThirty-day and 7-day period preva ence rates of morbidity symptoms assessed at 6 weeks of age did not vary by treatment group (data not shown). Prevalence rates of symptoms in the previous 30 days that encompassed the neonatal period but excluded the first 10 days ranged from ∼1% for convulsions and jaundice to about 35% for vomiting (table 5). Prevalence rates of the same symptoms in the previous week were lower by a third to a half.\nView this table:\nView inline\nView popup\nTable 5 Thirty-day and 7-day prevalence rates of infant illness as reported by mothers at 6 weeks of age\nDISCUSSION\nIn a rural community where 90% of births occur at home, we visited newborns daily during the first 10 days of life to determine the impact of antenatal micronutrient interventions on neonatal morbidity. We delineated daily prevalence rates of morbidity symptoms and found no benefit of maternal micronutrient supplementation on newborn health. The lack of impact of maternal supplementation on infant morbidity may be related to several factors. It is possible that because all the supplement groups included vitamin A, a potent anti-infective agent, any benefit beyond vitamin A was not discernable. However, maternal vitamin A supplementation alone was not associated with reduced neonatal mortality in an earlier trial.6 Zinc supplementation in infancy is known to reduce pneumonia,15 but we found a low risk of acute lower respiratory infection in the first 10 days of life, precluding our ability to find a reduction in this morbidity owing to supplementation. Maternal zinc supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of acute diarrhea, dysentery and impetigo in Bangladesh among low birthweight but not normal weight infants.16 In contrast, the prevalence of diarrhea and dysentery at 6 weeks of age was the same across supplementation groups in our population in Nepal. There appeared to be no effect modification related to birth weight (data not shown).\nDespite the uniqueness of our 10-day morbidity data, assessment was done using maternal recall except for rapid breathing and hypothermia. These clinical measurements, however, were done only once in every 24 h. The validity of a recall-based method of newborn morbidity assessment can be questioned. However, our examination of the risk of mortality associated with the report of illness in the first 10 days of life found a very strong relationship between severe infant morbidity in the first few days of life and subsequent mortality. Morbidity assessment was performed before any deaths occurred, which overcomes issues of biased recall of morbidity that can occur in verbal autopsy investigations. For example, when symptoms of both birth asphyxia and sepsis were present children had an approximately 20-fold higher odds of dying compared with children who did not experience these symptoms. Bang et al17 also found increased mortality in newborns with multiple morbidities. The other method of validating recall was to compare the daily pattern of the prevalence rate of hypothermia (temperature <96.6) with the maternal recall of symptoms of “cold to the touch” in the past 24 h. These patterns were very similar, suggesting that maternal perception of hypothermia in the newborn matched moderate to severe hypothermia as measured by temperature readings. Assessment of hypothermia using the two methods, however, produced different prevalence rates, suggesting that mothers may have reported only severe cases of hypothermia. This is consistent with a report from India showing that mothers had poor recognition of milder forms of hypothermia, but correctly identified 57% of infants with moderate hypothermia.18 Bang et al reported a similar pattern of hypothermia, although the prevalence rates in rural Gadchiroli, India, were lower overall and peaked on the second day of life.19\nDifficulty sucking as a symptom of sepsis may not be specific on the first day or two of birth as it may be confused with difficulties in initiation of breastfeeding. Our data showed that the prevalence of this symptom was almost 14% on the first day but dropped to about 2–4% on subsequent days. Bang et al19 found a similar prevalence of feeding problems in the first week of life, and peak prevalence on the second day of life.\nPreviously, we have shown that maternal folic acid with or without zinc supplementation reduced infant mortality (including neonatal mortality) among preterm births.12 Supplementation with multiple micronutrients resulted in an increase in birth weight and an elevated risk of birth asphyxia that may have resulted in an increase in mortality, although other mechanisms cannot be overruled.12 The current analysis also indicates an increased risk of birth asphyxia owing to multiple micronutrient supplementation. We have also published pooled data from two independent trials conducted in Nepal, one of which included the present trial, showing elevated risks of perinatal and neonatal mortality owing to multiple micronutrient supplementation compared with iron-folate alone.20 Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation was shown to shift the whole distribution of birth weight to the right,21 a possible explanation for finding an increased risk of birth asphyxia among the higher birth weight infants. However, other mechanisms also need elucidating.\nIn a poor environment such as that found in rural Nepal, antenatal micronutrient supplementation failed to improve symptoms of neonatal morbidity in the first 10 days of life or at 6 weeks of age. However, this should be weighed against the evidence that folic acid with or without added iron and/or zinc significantly reduced preterm neonatal and infant mortality. In contrast, supplementation with multiple micronutrients (beyond vitamin A, folic acid, iron and zinc) may have increased the risk of birth asphyxia associated with an increase in birth weight. Further research is needed to confirm this finding and the mechanism of the effect.\nAcknowledgments\nApart from the authors, all members of the Nepal study team helped in the successful implementation of the study including Field Managers and Supervisors and the Team Leader Interviewers who conducted the 10-day morbidity assessment; Elizabeth K. Pradhan and Gwendolyn Clemens were responsible for computer programming and data management.\nREFERENCES\n↵\nLawn JE,\nCousens S,\nZupan J,\net al\n. 4 million neonatal deaths: When? Where? Why? Lancet 2005;365:891–900.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science\n↵\nGoldenberg RL\n. The plausibility of micronutrient deficiency in relationship to perinatal infection. J Nutr 2003;133:1645S–48S.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\nBergström S\n. Infection-related morbidities in the mother, fetus and neonate. J Nutr 2003;133:1656S–60S.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nKeen CL,\nClegg MS,\nHanna LA,\net al\n. The plausibility of micronutrient deficiencies being a significant contributing factor to the occurrence of pregnancy complications. J Nutr 2003;133:1597S–605S.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nCostello AM,\nOsrin D\n. Micronutrient status during pregnancy and outcomes for newborn infants in developing countries. J Nutr 2003;133:1757S–64S.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nKatz J,\nWest KP Jr,\nKhatry SK,\net al\n. Maternal low-dose vitamin A or ß-carotene supplementation has no effect on fetal loss and early infant mortality: a randomized cluster trial in Nepal. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1570–76.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nChristian P,\nWest KP Jr,\nKhatry SK,\net al\n. Vitamin A or B-carotene supplementation reduces symptoms of illness in pregnant and lactating Nepali women. J Nutr 2000;130:2675–82.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nOsendarp SJM,\nWest CE,\nBlack RE\n. The need for maternal zinc supplementation in developing countries: An unresolved issue. J Nutr 2003;133:817S–27S.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nFawzi WW,\nMsamanga GI,\nSpiegelman D,\net al\n. Randomised trial of effects of vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcomes and T cell counts in HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania. Lancet 1998;351:1477–82.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science\n↵\nFawzi WW,\nVillamor E,\nMsamanga GI,\net al\n. .Trial of zinc supplements in relation to pregnancy outcomes, hematologic indicators, and T cell counts among HIV-1–infected women in Tanzania. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:161–67.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nChristian P,\nKhatry SK,\nKatz J,\net al\n. Effects of alternative maternal micronutrient supplements on low birth weight in rural Nepal: double blind randomised community trial. BMJ 2003;326:571–74.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nChristian P,\nWest KP Jr,\nKhatry SK,\net al\n. Effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation on fetal loss and infant mortality: a cluster-randomized trial in Nepal. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1194–202.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nWorld Health Organization. Thermal Control of the Newborn: A Practical Guide. Geneva, Switzerland: Maternal and Safe Motherhood Programme, Division of Family Health, 2003.\n↵\nLiang KY,\nZeger SL\n. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986;73:13–22.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nSazawal S,\nBlack RE,\nJalla S,\net al\n. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial. Pediatrics 1998;102:1–5.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n↵\nOsendarp SJM,\nvan Raaij JMA,\nDarmstadt GL,\net al\n. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy reduced morbidity from diarrheal diseases and impetigo in low-birth-weight infants during the first six months of life: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:1080–85.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science\n↵\nBang AT,\nReddy HM,\nBang RA,\net al\n. Why do neonates die in rural Gadchiroli, India? (Part II): Estimating population attributable risks and contribution of multiple morbidities for identifying a strategy to prevent deaths. J Perinatol 2005;25:S35–S43.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMed\n↵\nKumar R,\nAggarwal A\n. Accuracy of maternal perception of neonatal temperature. Indian Pediatr 1996;33:583–85.\nOpenUrlPubMed\n↵\nBang AT,\nReddy HM,\nBaitule SB,\net al\n. The incidence of morbidities in a cohort of neonates in rural Gadchiroli, India: Seasonal and temporal variation and a hypothesis about prevention. J Perinatol 2005;25:S18–S28.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMed\n↵\nChristian P,\nOsrin D,\nManandhar DS,\net al\n. Antenatal micronutrient supplements in Nepal. Lancet 2005;366:711–12.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science\n↵\nKatz J,\nChristian P,\nDominici F,\net al\n. Treatment effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation vary by percentiles of the birth weight distribution in rural Nepal. J Nutr 2006;136:1389–94.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\nView Abstract\nFootnotes\nFunding: This work was carried out by the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA in collaboration with the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Kathmandu, Nepal, under the Micronutrients for Health Cooperative Agreement No. HRN-A-00-97-00015-00 and the Global Research Activity Cooperative Agreement No.GHS-A-00-03-00019-00 between the Johns Hopkins University and the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA and grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA and the Sight and Life Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.\nCompeting interests: None.\nRequest Permissions\nIf you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.\nCopyright information:\n2008 BMJ Publishing Group & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health\nLinked Articles\nAtoms\nAtoms\nHoward Bauchner\nArchives of Disease in Childhood 2008; 93 1-1 Published Online First: 21 Jul 2008.\nPerspectives\nThe impact of maternal micronutrient supplementation on early neonatal morbidity\nPenelope S Nestel Alan A Jackson\nArchives of Disease in Childhood 2008; 93 647-649 Published Online First: 21 Jul 2008. doi: 10.1136/adc.2008.137745\nRead the full text or download the PDF:\nSubscribe\nLog in\nLog in via Institution\nLog in via OpenAthens\nLog in using your username and password\nFor personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts\nUsername *\nPassword *\nForgot your log in details?Register a new account?\nForgot your user name or password?\nContent\nLatest content\nCurrent issue\nArchive\nBrowse by topic\nMost read articles\nImage quiz\nResponses\nJournal\nAbout\nEditorial board\nThank you to our reviewers\nSign up for email alerts\nSubscribe\nAuthors\nInstructions for authors\nSubmit an article\nEditorial policies\nOpen Access at BMJ\nBMJ Author Hub\nHelp\nContact us\nReprints\nPermissions\nAdvertising\nFeedback form\nRSS\nTwitter\nFacebook\nSoundCloud\nBlog\nWebsite Terms & Conditions\nPrivacy & Cookies\nContact BMJ\nOnline: ISSN 1468-2044Print: ISSN 0003-9888\nCopyright © 2018 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. 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Scar Management: Mederma vs Silicone Gel | Biodermis.com\nTo take full advantage of this site, please enable your browser's JavaScript feature. 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Silicone\nHow to Treat Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars\nMole Removal Scar Treatment\nScar Treatment for Scoliosis Patients\nThe Best Scar Treatment Options for Kids\nTilapia Skin and Other Burn Treatment Techniques\nHealthy Eating, Stretch Marks and the Holiday Season\nHow to Tell If Your Wound Is Infected\nHow to Use Silicone Gel for Scars\nScar Treatment for Cleft Lip Surgery\nThe Scar Management Side of Tattoo Removal\nThyroid Surgery Scar Care\nUnderstanding Different Types of Wounds\nWhat to do About Itchy Red Scars\nWhy Cocoa Butter is Not the Best Scar Treatment Option\nThe Biodermis Perspective on Breast Cancer Awareness\nThe Role of Collagen in Skin Health\nThe Importance of Skin Hydration\nA Scientific Approach to Stretch Mark Therapy\nHow to Effectively Treat Dog Bite Scars\nHow to Heal Self-Harm Scars\nHip Replacement Surgery and Scar Management\nHow Long Does it Take for a Scar to Fade?\nMommy Makeovers and Scar Management\nAcne Scar Treatment: Medical Silicone\nKnee Replacement Surgery and Scar Management\nScar Management: Mederma vs Silicone Gel\nWhat is Medical Grade Silicone Used For?\nBreast Augmentation Surgery and Scar Care\nTypes of Tummy Tuck Procedures and Scar Care\nAchilles Tendon Surgery Scar Care\nHow to Treat Breast Reduction Scars\nWhat are the Stages of Wound Healing?\nCommon Wound Care Mistakes You Should Avoid\nIs Aloe Vera Good for Burn Scars?\nSilicone Gel Sheeting or Silicone Ointment: Which is Better for Scars?\nFeel Beautiful After a Mastectomy\nSteroid Injections for Raised Scars: What You Need to Know\nThe Best Way to Treat a C-section Scar\nIs Apple Cider Vinegar Good for Scars?\nOpen Heart Surgery and Scar Care\nHow to Prevent Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars\nIs Vitamin E Effective for Treating Scars?\nThe Skin's Three Layers and Scar Formation\nProduct FAQ\nGeneral Q&A\nBIO-luminance\nEpi-derm\nEpifoam\nEpi-Net, Epi-Tape, SilqueClenz\nPro-Sil\nSafety Concerns\nKeloid & Hypertrophic Scars\nXeragel\nPreguntas en Español\nScars 101\nBreast Procedures\nMommy Makeovers\nTummy Tuck & C-section\nSilicone & Scar Management\nSilicone & Hydration\nDow Corning on Silicone\nClinical Evidence\nCertifications\nPress\nArticles & Press Releases\nNewsletters\nVideos\nHome > Learn > Blog > Scar Management: Mederma vs Silicone Gel\nScar Management: Mederma vs Silicone Gel\nPosted July 2018 by Biodermis\nScar therapy and management represent a significant part of today’s dermatologic and skin repair industries. In recent years, the realm of online retail opened the flood gates to countless scar reduction creams, oils, and gels. Advertisements for many of these products all claim to achieve similar results: flatter, smoother, and less noticeable scars after injury or surgery. One brand that has garnered much unwarranted attention over the years is Mederma, a popular scar gel that contains cepalin, an onion extract. There is a number of conflicting sources that seems to indicate no topical or cosmetic benefits are obtained by applying onion extract to one’s scar. In this article, we will further investigate the pharmacological effects of Mederma to find out if it really does what its advertisers claim. We will then compare Mederma to medical grade silicone, a clinically-proven solution to post-operative scar management.\nContinue reading to dig into the Mederma myth and to discover a clinically-proven scar therapy alternative.\nThe truth about Mederma\nThe first observation we can make about Mederma’s Advanced Scar Gel is the ingredients list. Cepalin—an onion derivative and proprietary component that distinguishes it from other scar gels—is labelled as an inactive ingredient. Inactive ingredients are compounds found in pharmaceuticals and other therapeutic products that have no verified pharmacological effects. In other words, there is no observable evidence to support the claim that cepalin is an anti-inflammatory agent that flattens and reduces the appearance of scars. This raises eyebrows, given the fact that Merz Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturers of Mederma, markets cepalin as a proven and effective topical solution that prevents scar tissue overgrowth.\nThis leaves us to examine Mederma’s active ingredient, allantoin. Active ingredients are those components of a drug approved by the FDA that have direct therapeutic effects intended to mitigate a certain condition. Allantoin, then, would be Mederma’s primary ingredient that supposedly helps reduce scar tissue and restore skin elasticity. But what exactly is allantoin? And in what way does it target scar tissue to prevent its overgrowth? Allantoin is a chemical compound that can be found occurring naturally in animals, plants, and bacteria, or created synthetically in a lab. In most mammals, excluding humans, allantoin is excreted in urine after uric acid (a normal component of urine formed in the liver) is converted by the uricase enzyme. The reason we don’t excrete allantoin is because the uricase enzyme is absent in humans.\nAllantoin created synthetically in the lab is what is used in make skin care products on the market today. This type of allantoin comes in the form of a white odorless powder that is used in many cosmetic and self-care products as a moisturizer and “skin protectant.” In the United States, skin protectants are found in many over-the-counter (OTC) products that supposedly guard damaged skin against irritants and other external stimuli.\nSo is Mederma’s only claim to fame its ability to protect scars from outside agents? Granted, Mederma does help hydrate the skin, which is vital for wound-repair. But wound hydration can easily be achieved through a number of other methods. There is nothing that stands out with Mederma as an effective scar treatment solution. And in numerous studies that can be found online, including statements published by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), onion extract has not been found to improve scar appearance. Scars treated with onion extract versus a common store-bought emollient, like petroleum jelly, seem to have the same effects on scar height, itchiness, and erythema (redness).\nSilicone gel sheeting and silicone ointments for scar therapy\nMedical grade silicone is a safe and effective topical solution to scar management backed by over 30 years of clinical studies. Silicone gel sheeting works by inducing hydration at the stratum corneum and regulating collagen production at the wound site. Because silicone is semi-permeable, it permits an appropriate amount of oxygen to envelop the scar bed while preventing moisture loss, which occurs excessively in damaged skin. The balance of moisture and oxygen facilitated by silicone gel sheeting creates an optimal wound-repair environment, otherwise known as homeostasis. By encapsulating moisture at the scar site, keratinocyte and fibroblast cells in the dermis (middle) layer of the skin are signaled to scale back collagen production. This helps to soften and flatten scars that would otherwise become raised and lumpy from collagen overproduction, often a natural but undesirable part of wound-healing.\nMedical grade silicone comes in a variety of unique forms including gel sheets, ointments, and sticks. These options and many more make scar management convenient and specific to each individual’s post-operative needs. Ask your surgeon if silicone gel sheeting is right for you, or explore products online today.\n<=\"\" a=\"\">\n<=\"\" a=\"\">\nBiodermis is an innovative market leader with 30 years of expertise in the medical silicone industry. Visit Biodermis.com today to explore a complete range of scar management and post-operative care solutions.\nPHYSICIANS AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS: REFER OR RESELL?\nBiodermis offers custom tailored referral programs designed to simplify and reduce the cost of your patients' post-op care. Additionally, we offer professional pricing if you opt to retail our products. Give us a call at 800.322.3729, and we will be happy to provide additional details on these programs.\nSort By: Price: Low to High Price: High to Low Most Popular Title Manufacturer Newest Oldest Availability\n30 per page 60 per page 120 per page 180 per page 300 per page Page of 1\nXeragel Silicone Ointment 10g Tube\nXeragel is practical, convenient 100% silicone for scars. It is highly recommended for use on exposed (not under clothing) scars.\nOur Price: $19.95\n(1)\nEpi-Derm Small Strips (3)\nEpi-Derm Small Strips are available in Natural, Pink CAMO or Green CAMO\nOur Price: $19.95\nPro-Sil 4.25g\nThe world's first and ONLY PATENTED silicone scar treatment stick!\nCOUPON: PRO20\n20% OFF 5 OR MORE!\nList Price: $27.95\nOur Price: $24.95\nSavings: $3.00\nEpi-Derm Patch (1 Pair)\nEpi-Derm Patches are available in Clear or Natural\nOur Price: $35.95\nBe in the Know\nStay informed on deals and promotions\n* indicates required\nEmail Address *\nFirst Name\nLast Name\nCustomer Type\nConsumer / Patient\nInstitution / Physician / Surgeon\nBiodermis\nAbout Us\nContact Us\nPrivacy Policy\nLegal\nAccount\nCustomer Account\nOrder Status\nLogin / Register\nReturns & Exchanges\nShipping Policy\nHelpful Info\nShop All Products\nSite Map\nCustomer Support\nUS Toll Free: 800-322-3729\nIntl Orders: 702-260-4466\nM-F from 7:30am - 4:30pm PST\nCopyright © www.biodermis.com | 1820 Whitney Mesa Drive | Henderson, NV 89014

2019-04-23T01:58:03Z

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Eczema Archives - BodyBio Health News\nHome\nE-lyteSport\nPhosphatidylcholine (PC)\nHealthcare Professionals\nInternational Sales\nHealth News\nMenu\nPosts\nAtopic Dermatitis / Eczema\nSeptember 17, 2011 /in Health News /by Reggie Scott\nSome unfortunate persons are not able to convert essential fatty acids (EFA’s) from their parent forms to their more active metabolites, such as converting linoleic acid, the primary omega-6, to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). More than twenty years of research points to the inefficiency of this active conversion pathway as causative of inflammatory skin conditions. Wherever and whenever a metabolite cannot be made by the body on its own, administration of that substance may be in order.\nAt the start of the twenty-first century, research scientist David Horrobin described a positive relationship between evening primrose oil as a source of pre-formed GLA and the improvement in symptoms of atopic dermatitis, namely eczema. He relates that, “In most but not all studies, administration of GLA has been found to improve the clinically assessed skin condition, the objectively assessed skin roughness, and the elevated blood catecholamine concentrations of patients with atopic eczema.” Understandably, the condition may be ascribed a hereditary genesis. (Horrobin. 2000)\nWhen one of the crowd upsets the apple cart he becomes noticed because of the chaos he spawned. David Horrobin is such a person. He was responsible for opening the eyes of the research community to the potential of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of fatty acid deficiency conditions, including inflammatory skin conditions, schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes, to name but a few. Horrobin—and others after him— discovered that metabolic inefficiency in the conversion of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) might be responsible for inflammatory skin responses that present as eczema, despite the presence of adequate linoleic acid in blood and adipose tissue. (Dobryniewski. 2007. p. 100)\nIt is such that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids compete for the enzymes that transform them into super hero molecules known to control the inflammation activities that promote health. The omega-3 fatty acids prevail at the expense of the omega-6s, leading to a deficit of omega-6 metabolites and their benefits. Therefore, it makes sense to overcome deficiencies by administering these metabolites directly, as in the oral and/or topical use of evening primrose oil (EPO), an omega-6 fatty acid accepted for its GLA content. Horrobin’s desire to herald the attributes of GLA spread to the European continent, where scientists from Poland agreed that GLA is one of the most frequently deficient fatty acids, and that supplementation brings hopeful effects in the treatment of eczema and other conditions. (Horrobin. 1993) (Dobryniewski. 2007. p. 91)\nThere are predisposing factors in acute or chronic skin disease, including family history of allergic disorders and sensitivity to contact allergens or to certain foods. Chronic disease is difficult to treat. Itching causes scratching, which increases inflammation, which causes itching … The cycle is hard to break. But evening primrose oil (EPO), with a history of efficacy that predates Dr. Horribin’s interest, has produced “…significant clinical improvement on atopic eczema.” (Ebden. 1989) In meta analyses conducted in the late 1980’s, the British Journal of Dermatology recounted significant improvement in eczema symptoms using a commercial EPO product called Epogam (the name seemingly gleaned from EPO and GLA), after which use, “ The effects on itch were particularly striking.” (Morse.1989).\nBodyBio evening Primrose Oil contains ten percent GLA and a sufficient amount of its precursor, linoleic acid, to help the body make the molecules that inhibit the pro-inflammatory series 2 prostaglandins and series 4 leukotrienes. There is a distinct correlation between improvements in clinical scoring devices and an elevation of fatty acid levels. Compared to placebo, children treated with EPO significantly improved the symptoms of atopic eczema. (Bordoni. 1988)\nReferences\nHorrobin DF.\nEssential fatty acid metabolism and its modification in atopic eczema.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):367S-72S.\nDobryniewski J, Szajda SD, Waszkiewicz N, Zwierz K.\nThe gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)–the therapeutic value. [Article in Polish]\nPrzegl Lek. 2007;64(2):100-2.\nHorrobin DF.\nFatty acid metabolism in health and disease: the role of delta-6-desaturase.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 1993 May;57(5 Suppl):732S-736S; discussion 736S-737S.\nDobryniewski J, Szajda SD, Waszkiewicz N, Zwierz K.\nBiology of essential fatty acids (EFA). [Article in Polish]\nPrzegl Lek. 2007;64(2):91-9.\nEbden P, Bevan C, Banks J, Fennerty A, Walters EH.\nA study of evening primrose seed oil in atopic asthma.\nProstaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1989 Feb;35(2):69-72.\nP.F. MORSE, D.F. HORROBIN,, M.S. MANKU, J.C.M. STEWART, R. ALLEN, et al\nMeta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies of the efficacy of Epogam in the treatment of atopic eczema. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acid changes and clinical response\nBritish Journal of Dermatology. Volume 121, Issue 1, pages 75–90, July 1989\nBordoni A, Biagi PL, Masi M, Ricci G, Fanelli C, Patrizi A, Ceccolini E.\nEvening primrose oil (Efamol) in the treatment of children with atopic eczema.\nDrugs Exp Clin Res. 1988;14(4):291-7.\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.\nThese products are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.\nhttps://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/evening-primrose-oil.jpg 300 430 Reggie Scott https://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bodybio-logo.png Reggie Scott2011-09-17 13:12:242018-02-13 20:58:54Atopic Dermatitis / Eczema\nBeta-Glucans, The Healer\nDecember 4, 2011 /in Health News /by Reggie Scott\nThere are quite a few products on the market that promise to heal wounds quickly. The one made from a combination of bacitracin, neomycin and polymyxin is so popular that it’s been copied as a generic. But it isn’t all-natural. For those interested in a natural alternative, there’s a new kid on the block, called beta-glucans, found in baker’s yeast and a few other common sources, and destined to be on the shelves as a gel in 2012. Heralded as a “super medicine,” beta-glucans are currently used in veterinary medicine, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. And Norwegian scientists say it has even more potential.\nThe Research Council of Norway announced the results of a study headed by Rolf Einar Engstad, of Biotec Pharmacon, that proclaimed, “Since the mid-1980’s we have known that these substances (beta-glucans) fight infection and have a bearing on the body’s ability to kill cancerous cells, but never knew why.” At the start of the project, the researchers were uncertain of the efficacy of the delivery method, but in infected laboratory animals, “…determined that animals receiving beta-glucans orally acquired protection that was at least as good as rats that received an injection into their bloodstream.” Effectiveness of topical application in the healing of wounds was welcome news. Incisions, bed sores, diabetic ulcers, and other skin insults can be treated with topical beta-glucans. A matter that has since been addressed is short shelf life, something that can happen to any organic material, such as organic produce. To add to beta-glucans’ acclaim is its capacity to enhance the innate immune system, that immunity with which we are born and which is first mobilized if the body is invaded by a pathogen. (The Research Council of Norway. 2011)\nAs a supplement, beta-glucans has been around for a while. These sugars are found in the cell walls of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae, lichens, and plants, such as oats and barley. Orally, they have been used for treating cholesterol, diabetes, cancer and HIV/AIDS, and for bolstering the immune systems of those suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome and emotional or physical stress. It may be given IV post-surgery to prevent infections. Topically, it’s been used for dermatitis, eczema, wrinkles, bedsores, radiation burns, and other skin conditions. The enhancement of macrophage function aids in healing wounds, although the exact mechanism of this improved healing is uncertain. (Portera. 1997) Besides that, increases in collagen manufacture have been noticed, resulting in improved tensile strength of the new wound covering. (Browder. 1988) The activity in this arena includes the stimulation of growth factors and the release of cytokines, regulatory proteins that mediate the immune response. (Wei. 2002) This results in stimulation of fibroblast (giving rise to connective tissue) collagen biosynthesis.\nYeast-based beta-glucans is being taken more and more seriously as an immune health ingredient. Because it can stand a wide range of body pH, yeast-based product could supplant—or at least enhance—probiotics as a first line of defense against invasion by bacteria and viruses. (Watson, 2011)\nBeyond healing wounds, beta-glucans may prevent the absorption of cholesterol from the stomach and intestine when it is taken orally. The beta-glucan found in oats led oatmeal makers to petition the FDA to allow such a claim on their labels. The FDA agreed, as long as the amount is 10% of the product. (Federal Register. 2002)\nBy injection, beta-glucans stimulate the immune system by increasing chemicals that prevent infections. Used in immunotherapy, as in treating certain invasive diseases, beta-glucans incites cytotoxicity (cell toxicity) in neoplastic (abnormal new growth) tissue while leaving healthy tissue alone. (Vetvicka. 1996)\nAs with any promising developments in alternative approaches to wellness, funding for additional studies becomes a roadblock. The promise of beta-glucans, which, because it appears in food cannot be patented as a drug (yet), paints a rosy picture for treating cuts and scrapes, and perhaps for the prevention of contagious diseases and chronic illnesses.\nReferences\nSiw Ellen Jakobsen and Else Lie\nBaker’s yeast aids healing\nThe Research Council of Norway. Published: 07.09.2011\nPortera CA, Love EJ, Memore L, Zhang L, Müller A, Browder W, Williams DL.\nEffect of macrophage stimulation on collagen biosynthesis in the healing wound.\nAm Surg. 1997 Feb;63(2):125-31.\nBrowder W, Williams D, Lucore P, Pretus H, Jones E, McNamee R\nEffect of enhanced macrophage function on early wound healing.\nSurgery. 1988 Aug;104(2):224-30.\nWei D, Zhang L, Williams DL, Browder IW.\nGlucan stimulates human dermal fibroblast collagen biosynthesis through a nuclear factor-1 dependent mechanism.\nWound Repair Regen. 2002 May-Jun;10(3):161-8.\nElaine Watson\nBiothera on a roll as yeast beta-glucan moves into the mainstream\nNutra-Ingredients-USA.com. 12 September, 2011\nFood and Drug Administration, HHS\nFood labeling: health claims; soluble dietary fiber from certain foods and coronary heart disease. Interim final rule.\nFed Regist. 2002 Oct 2;67(191):61773-83.\nVetvicka V, Thornton BP, Ross GD.\nSoluble beta-glucan polysaccharide binding to the lectin site of neutrophil or natural killer cell complement receptor type 3 (CD11b/CD18) generates a primed state of the receptor capable of mediating cytotoxicity of iC3b-opsonized target cells.\nJ Clin Invest. 1996 Jul 1;98(1):50-61.\nCharlotte Sissener Engstad, Rolf Einar Engstad, Jan-Ole Olsen and Bjarne Osterud\nThe effect of soluble beta-1,3-glucan and lipopolysaccharide on cytokine production and coagulation activation in whole blood.\nInt Immunopharmacol 2(11):1585-97 (2002) t\nSuzuki I, Hashimoto K, Ohno N, Tanaka H, Yadomae T.\nImmunomodulation by orally administered beta-glucan in mice.\nInt J Immunopharmacol. 1989;11(7):761-9.\nDelatte SJ, Evans J, Hebra A, Adamson W, Othersen HB, Tagge EP.\nEffectiveness of beta-glucan collagen for treatment of partial-thickness burns in children.\nJ Pediatr Surg. 2001 Jan;36(1):113-8.\nBorchers AT, Stern JS, Hackman RM, Keen CL, Gershwin ME.\nMushrooms, tumors, and immunity.\nProc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999 Sep;221(4):281-93.\nAkramiene D, Kondrotas A, Didziapetriene J, Kevelaitis E.\nEffects of beta-glucans on the immune system.\nMedicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(8):597-606.\nRoss GD, Vetvicka V, Yan J, Xia Y, Vetvicková J.\nTherapeutic intervention with complement and beta-glucan in cancer.\nImmunopharmacology. 1999 May;42(1-3):61-74.\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.\nThese products are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.\nhttps://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/oatmeal-and-white-background.jpg 253 380 Reggie Scott https://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bodybio-logo.png Reggie Scott2011-12-04 17:30:432018-02-13 21:34:00Beta-Glucans, The Healer\nEssential Fats Explained\nJanuary 6, 2013 /in Health News /by Reggie Scott\nThe essential fatty acids (EFA’s) are just that—essential, meaning they have to come from the diet because the body can’t manufacture them. They might be used as fuel, but they are absolute components of the biological processes that make us work. Only two fatty acid families are vital to humans, omega-6’s and omega-3’s. It’s been shown that their ratio is more important than their volume. The parent fatty acid (FA) in the omega-6 (n-6) line is linoleic acid, abundant in many vegetable oils and ultimately responsible for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid and related prostaglandins, which are compounds that regulate physiological activities. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the mother omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid, commonly extracted from seed oils such as flaxseed and hemp, but also found in walnuts. Nearly every aspect of human physiology is affected by essential fats, receptors for which are located in practically every cell.\nThe n-6 fatty acids have been denigrated in recent years because their excess has been linked to several metabolic upsets. Unbalanced diets are harmful to health, and the n-6’s that overpopulate processed foods and rancid supermarket oils have contributed to myriad health woes. What possibly started out as a 1 to 1 or 2 to 1 ratio of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids in the human diet eons ago has become a physiological disaster of imbalance, where the ratio exceeds 10 to 1 in the typical Western diet, and may even approach 20 to 1, or worse, in personal food intake. All fatty acids go through a process of desaturation and elongation to become eminently bioactive compounds. The ultimate products of the process are beneficial to human health, especially if they are made step-by-step by the body and not forced upon it through manufactured meals, unnaturally finished meat products, stale/oxidized vegetable oils, and fossilized eggs, not to mention horrific snack foods. In a healthy body, linoleic acid is converted to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which becomes arachidonic acid, from which come the chemicals that control inflammation. After adulthood, the body’s ability to make those conversions is uncertain, so starting with GLA gives us a head start. However, mother linoleic acid is anti-inflammatory in its own right and even a marginal conversion to GLA has been held effective in the management of conditions as diverse as rheumatoid arthritis, eczema and ADD/ADHD.\nThe n-3 parent, ALA, also must come from diet because humans lack the enzymes necessary to convert it from other fats. But it’s the downstream omega-3’s that get the publicity: EPA and DHA. Like the n-6’s, the conversion of ALA to EPA and later to DHA is an uncertain proposition in adulthood, which is why most adults use fish oil, a source of pre-made fatty acids. Even in the absence of the requisite conversion co-factors (vitamin B6, Mg, biotin, vitamin B3, vitamin C and Zn), ALA is anti-inflammatory and cardiac friendly (Pan, 2012) (Vedtofte, 2012), with recent scrutiny heralding its potential to inhibit progression of atherosclerosis (Bassett, 2011). The most readily available source of ALA is flaxseed, although chia, the newest kid on the block, is entering the marketplace.\nSigns of fatty acid deficiency include a dry scaly rash, impoverished growt in youngsters, increased susceptibility to infections and poor wound healing, but are uncommon. The enzymes that convert the parent fatty acids act preferentially toward the n-3’s. By the time these enzymes deal with the omega-3 fats, some of the omega-6’s have been used for energy, hence the need to get more 6’s than 3’s, in a ratio of about 4 to 1, as evidenced by intensive research done in the 1990’s and early-mid 2000’s (Yahuda, 1993, 1996) (Simopoulos, 2002, 2008). But this ratio is based on the body’s own manufacture of the downstream fatty acids, GLA and arachidonic acid (ARA) along the n-6 line (the latter now included in products designed for infants to insure proper brain development) and EPA/DHA down the n-3 line. Deficiency of essential fatty acids sometimes strikes those suffering from cystic fibrosis or fat malabsorption issues. If patients receive total parenteral nutrition without the inclusion of EFA’s, deficit will appear in about a week or two.\nThe dry weight of the brain is about 80% lipids, the highest of any organ. The long-chain polyunsaturated fats, especially the n-6 and n-3, are crucial in modulating neural function. They occupy as much as 30% of the brain’s dry weight, making their influence on neural membrane dynamics profound. The shift away from EFA’s in the Western—typically American—diet parallels a rise in mental disorders. The need to address EFA supplementation is real and current, with the inclusion of omega-6 fats a necessity, since GLA, the downstream scion of linoleic acid, has held its own in mental health studies (Vaddadi, 2006). Together, the n-6’s and n-3’s cooperate in a number of cellular functions that affect membrane fluidity, allowing the passage of food and energy into the cell and wastes out. Arachidonic acid is a precursor to signaling molecules in the brain and is a key inflammatory intermediate, while EPA and DHA work to support the cardiovascular system, and the brain and retina.\nIt is arachidonic acid that supports membrane fluidity in the hippocampus, the part of the brain that directs memory, spatial relations and inhibition (Fukaya, 2007). It is arachidonic acid that protects the brain against oxidative stress and activates proteins in charge of the growth and repair of neurons (Darios, 2006). There is conjecture that ARA supplementation during the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease may slow its progress and stave off symptoms (Schaeffer, 2009). That’s a pretty good promise for something that’s been spurned…for lack of knowledge. Of the n-3’s, EPA may be effective in addressing depressive conditions and behavioral anomalies, besides being able to reduce inflammation (Brind, 2001) (Song, 2007). There had been some concern that EPA adversely affects clotting factors and fibrinogen concentrations, increasing the likelihood of bleeding. That is not so (Finnegan, 2003). It does, however, improve blood viscosity and red blood cell deformity, which allows red cells to adjust their shape to squeeze through narrow blood vessels, like capillaries. Downstream from EPA is DHA, a major fatty acid in sperm, brain phospholipids and the retina of the eye, and found to lower triglycerides. But its claim to fame is its rapid accrual in the developing brain during the third trimester of pregnancy and early postnatal period (Auestad, 2003) (Wainwright, 2000).\nYou can safely bet the farm that endogenous (made by the body itself) substances are more tightly regulated than exogenous. For example, the arachidonic acid your body makes from linoleic acid is more respectable than that from a haphazardly slaughtered steer, which may or may not be completely lifeless before the abattoir starts to dress it. In fear and pain, the animal releases a torrent of adrenal hormones throughout its flesh, confounding the integrity of its innate fatty acids. Endogenous fatty acids are, therefore, more wholesome.\nHow do we acquire the parent fatty acids? You could buy oils that boast omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid content from the supermarket, but it’s almost guaranteed that the balance will be too far out of whack to deliver a benefit, and the purity of the oils is possibly iffy. In fact, they might upset the apple cart. An overabundance of n-3’s can shut the immune system down for lack of guidance by the n-6 inflammation directors. On the other hand, BodyBio Balance Oil is a blend of organic, cold-pressed sunflower and flaxseed oils that are purposely geared to supply a 4 to 1 ratio of fatty acids that the body needs to initiate the cascade to longer chain fats that present vibrant physiological activity. Just the anti-inflammatory properties of the mother fatty acids, linoleic from sunflower and alpha-linolenic from flax, are enough to warrant using the oils to bolster the body’s well-being and to work out some metabolic kinks. Used to make salad dressings or to dress vegetables in place of butter, Balance Oil has the potential to set straight that which is awry, and the essential fatty acid metabolites can help to clear the brain fog on a hazy day. Cerebral lipids, especially the long-chain fatty acids, have significant direct and indirect activity on cerebral function. Not only do they affect the membranes, but also many are converted to neurally active substances. There is good evidence that mental challenges are related to EFA depletion, the supplementation of which can ameliorate the most defiant state of affairs.\nReferences\nAuestad N, Scott DT, Janowsky JS, Jacobsen C, Carroll RE, Montalto MB, Halter R, Qiu W, et al\nVisual, cognitive, and language assessments at 39 months: a follow-up study of children fed formulas containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to 1 year of age.\nPediatrics. 2003 Sep;112(3 Pt 1):e177-83.\nBassett CM, McCullough RS, Edel AL, Patenaude A, LaVallee RK, Pierce GN.\nThe α-linolenic acid content of flaxseed can prevent the atherogenic effects of dietary trans fat.\nAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011 Dec;301(6):H2220-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00958.2010. Epub 2011 Sep 30.\nCaramia G.\nThe essential fatty acids omega-6 and omega-3: from their discovery to their use in therapy.\nMinerva Pediatr. 2008 Apr;60(2):219-33.\nChang CS, Sun HL, Lii CK, Chen HW, Chen PY, Liu KL.\nGamma-Linolenic Acid Inhibits Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-kappaB and AP-1 Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages.\nInflammation. 2009 Oct 20.\nDarios F, Davletov B.\nOmega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids stimulate cell membrane expansion by acting on syntaxin 3.\nNature. 2006 Apr 6;440(7085):813-7.\nda Rocha CM, Kac G.\nHigh dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated acids during pregnancy and prevalence of post-partum depression.\nMatern Child Nutr. 2012 Jan;8(1):36-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2010.00256.x. Epub 2010 Jun 21.\nDupasquier CM, Dibrov E, Kneesh AL, Cheung PK, Lee KG, Alexander HK, Yeganeh BK, Moghadasian MH, Pierce GN.\nDietary flaxseed inhibits atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor-deficient mouse in part through antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory actions.\nAm J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Oct;293(4):H2394-402. Epub 2007 Jul 6.\nFernandes FS, de Souza AS, do Carmo Md, Boaventura GT.\nMaternal intake of flaxseed-based diet (Linum usitatissimum) on hippocampus fatty acid profile: implications for growth, locomotor activity and spatial memory.\nNutrition. 2011 Oct;27(10):1040-7.\nFinnegan YE, Howarth D, Minihane AM, Kew S, Miller GJ, Calder PC, Williams CM.\nPlant and marine derived (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids do not affect blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in moderately hyperlipidemic humans.\nJ Nutr. 2003 Jul;133(7):2210-3.\nFukaya T, Gondaira T, Kashiyae Y, Kotani S, Ishikura Y, Fujikawa S, Kiso Y, Sakakibara M.\nArachidonic acid preserves hippocampal neuron membrane fluidity in senescent rats.\nNeurobiol Aging. 2007 Aug;28(8):1179-86. Epub 2006 Jun 21.\nC. Gómez Candela, L. M.ª Bermejo López and V. Loria Kohen\nImportance of a balanced omega 6/omega 3 ratio for the maintenance of health.Nutritional recommendations\nNutr Hosp. 2011;26(2):323-329.\nÁngeles Guinda, M. Carmen Dobarganes, M. Victoria Ruiz-Mendez, Manuel Mancha\nChemical and physical properties of a sunflower oil with high levels of oleic and palmitic acids\nEuropean Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 105(3-4); Apr 2003: 130-137\nBRIAN HALLAHAN, MRCPsych and MALCOLM R. GARLAND, MRCPsych\nEssential fatty acids and mental health\nThe British Journal of Psychiatry (2005); 186: 275-277\nWilliam S. Harris, PhD, FAHA, Chair; Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA; et al\nOmega-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease\nA Science Advisory From the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention\nCirculation. 2009; 119: 902-907\nKakutani S, Ishikura Y, Tateishi N, Horikawa C, Tokuda H, Kontani M, Kawashima H, Sakakibara Y, Kiso Y, Shibata H, Morita I.\nSupplementation of arachidonic acid-enriched oil increases arachidonic acid contents in plasma phospholipids, but does not increase their metabolites and clinical parameters in Japanese healthy elderly individuals: a randomized controlled study.\nLipids Health Dis. 2011 Dec 22;10:241.\nLands B.\nConsequences of essential Fatty acids.\nNutrients. 2012 Sep;4(9):1338-57.\nEric L. LIEN, Kurt STEINER and John C. WALLINGFORD\nThe Proper Balance of Essential Fatty Acids for Life\nJournal of Oleo Science. Vol. 50 (2001) , No. 5 399-405\nMaekawa M, Takashima N, Matsumata M, Ikegami S, Kontani M, Hara Y, Kawashima H, Owada Y, Kiso Y, Yoshikawa T, Inokuchi K, Osumi N.\nArachidonic acid drives postnatal neurogenesis and elicits a beneficial effect on prepulse inhibition, a biological trait of psychiatric illnesses.\nPLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5085. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005085. Epub 2009 Apr 8.\nOsumi N.\nFatty acid signal, neurogenesis, and psychiatric disorders\nNihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2010 Jun;30(3):141-8.\nPan A, Chen M, Chowdhury R, Wu JH, Sun Q, Campos H, Mozaffarian D, Hu FB.\nα-Linolenic acid and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;96(6):1262-73. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.044040. Epub 2012 Oct 17.\nPawels EK, Volterrani D.\nFatty acid facts, Part I. Essential fatty acids as treatment for depression, or food for mood?\nDrug News Perspect. 2008 Oct;21(8):446-51. doi: 10.1358/dnp.2008.21.8.1272136.\nPeet M, Brind J, Ramchand CN, Shah S, Vankar GK.\nTwo double-blind placebo-controlled pilot studies of eicosapentaenoic acid in the treatment of schizophrenia.\nSchizophr Res. 2001 Apr 30;49(3):243-51.\nSakayori N, Maekawa M, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Katura T, Moriya T, Osumi N.\nDistinctive effects of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on neural stem /progenitor cells.\nGenes Cells. 2011 Jul;16(7):778-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01527.x. Epub 2011 Jun 13.\nSanders TA, Rana SK.\nComparison of the metabolism of linoleic and linolenic acids in the fetal rat.\nAnn Nutr Metab. 1987;31(6):349-53.\nSchaeffer EL, Forlenza OV, Gattaz WF.\nPhospholipase A2 activation as a therapeutic approach for cognitive enhancement in early-stage Alzheimer disease.\nPsychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Jan;202(1-3):37-51.\nSimopoulos AP.\nThe importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids.\nBiomed Pharmacother. 2002 Oct;56(8):365-79.\nArtemis P. Simopoulos\nThe Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Cardiovascular Disease and Other Chronic Diseases\nExperimental Biology and Medicine 233:674-688 (2008)\nMeharban Singh\nEssential fatty acids, DHA and human brain\nIndian Journal of Pediatrics. Volume 72, Number 3 / March, 2005: 239-242\nSong C, Zhao S.\nOmega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. A new treatment for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of clinical investigations.\nExpert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Oct;16(10):1627-38.\nUauy R, Hoffman DR, Peirano P, Birch DG, Birch EE.\nEssential fatty acids in visual and brain development.\nLipids. 2001 Sep;36(9):885-95.\nVaddadi K.\nEssential fatty acids and mental illness.\nInt Rev Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;18(2):81-4.\nVedtofte MS, Jakobsen MU, Lauritzen L, Heitmann BL\nThe role of essential fatty acids in the control of coronary heart disease.\nCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Nov;15(6):592-6.\nWainwright P.\nNutrition and behaviour: the role of n-3 fatty acids in cognitive function.\nBr J Nutr. 2000 Apr;83(4):337-9.\nYehuda S, Carasso RL.\nModulation of learning, pain thresholds, and thermoregulation in the rat by preparations of free purified alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids: determination of the optimal omega 3-to-omega 6 ratio.\nProc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):10345-9.\nYehuda S, Brandys Y, Blumenfeld A, Mostofsky DI.\nEssential fatty acid preparation reduces cholesterol and fatty acids in rat cortex.\nInt J Neurosci. 1996 Sep;86(3-4):249-56.\nYehuda S, Rabinovtz S, Carasso RL, Mostofsky DI.\nEssential fatty acids preparation (SR-3) improves Alzheimer’s patients quality of life.\nInt J Neurosci. 1996 Nov;87(3-4):141-9.\nYehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Mostofsky DI.\nEssential fatty acids are mediators of brain biochemistry and cognitive functions\nJ Neurosci Res. 1999 Jun 15;56(6):565-70.\nYehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso RL, Mostofsky DI.\nThe role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in restoring the aging neuronal membrane.\nNeurobiol Aging. 2002 Sep-Oct;23(5):843-53.\nYoung G, Conquer J.\nOmega-3 fatty acids and neuropsychiatric disorders.\nReprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Jan-Feb;45(1):1-28.\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.\nThese products are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.\nhttps://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/fattyacid-source.jpg 428 367 Reggie Scott https://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bodybio-logo.png Reggie Scott2013-01-06 20:28:352018-02-14 13:34:52Essential Fats Explained\nHealth Topics\n4:1 Fatty Acid Ratio ADD/ADHD Addiction Aging Air ALA Alkaloids Allergies Alzheimer’s Antibiotics Antihistamine Antioxidents Anxiety Arthritis Asthma Atopic Dermatitis Bacteria Balance Behavior Benzene Beta-carotene BHT Bipolar Disorder Blood Pressure Blood Vessels Bone Health Brain Health Breathing butyrate calcium Calorie Restriction Cancer Cell Phones Chelation Chemicals Children Chocolate Cholesterol Coenzyme Q10 Coffee Colon Color Cooking Copper Coronary cramps Cravings Curcumin CVD Deficiency Dental Health Depression Diabetes Diet Diet Soda DNA Methylation Eczema Electrolytes elytesport EMF Energy Enzymes EPA/DHA Essential Fatty Acid Essential Oils Exercise Eye Sight Fatigue Fats Fatty Acids Fish Oil Flaxseed Food Food Safety GERD Germs Ginger GLA Glutathione Gut Gym Headache Health and Wellness Hearing Heart Heartburn Heart Disease Hydration Immune System Inflammation Influenza Insomnia Insulin Iodine Kidney Stones Lead Lecithin Leg Cramps Lunch Lycopene Magnesium Magnesium Stearate Marathon Meditation Melatonin Memory Menopause Metals Methylation Microwaves Minerals Mitochondria Mold Mood MSG Muscle Cramp Neurological Neurons Night Cramps NSAIDS Nutrient Deficiency Nutrition Obesity OCD Oils Omega 3 Omega 6 Osteoporosis PABA Pain Pantothenic Acid Phosphatidylcholine (PC) Phospholipids Photosensitivity Plastic pneumonia Pollution Potassium Probiotics Protein PVC Reflux Replenish Salt science Selective Hearing Skin Skin Cancer Sleep Soda Sodium Solvents Sports Stress Sugar Sugar-Free Sun Supplements Sweeteners Thiamin Toxins Triglycerides Ultraviolet Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin B1 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12\n© 1998 – 2018 BODYBIO INC. *These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. 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Fighting Depression Naturally with Push Ups - How to Ditch Your Meds\nSkip to content\nSkip to primary sidebar\nSkip to footer\nBeginner Weight Loss & Strength Training | Hashi Mashi\nTips to Improve Your Mind & Body Fitness\nAbout\nObese Man Loses 75 Pounds in 6 Months\nNew York Times Press\nFat to Fit Plan\nWeight Loss\nHow to Lose 20 pounds in 3 Months\nWeight Loss Blog Articles\nStrength Training\nDeadlifts Blog Articles\nSquats Blog Articles\nPushups Blog Articles\nResources\nContact\nFighting Depression With Exercise Tips from Three Continents\nSharing is caring!\nShare\nTweet\nPin\n3shares\nIntroduction to Fighting Depression With Exercise\nResearch shows that fighting depression with exercise is a legitimate option to manage the symptoms of depression. This is critical information if you have treatment-resistant depression, or want to get off of medications. Studies show that exercise is indeed medicine for the body, mind and soul.\nExercise is not a depression cure-all. But, a new study published in the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology found that exercise promotes happiness. More physically active people reported greater general feelings of excitement when compared to less-active people. Exercise may also reduce stress and help you get a better night’s sleep.\nThat’s why your favorite fitness routine can be an excellent addition to your depression treatment plan.\n“Exercise stimulates the release of many of the brain chemicals thought to be in low supply when someone is battling depression,” explains David Muzina, MD, the founding director of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Mood Disorders Treatment and Research.\nHow to Naturally Fight Depression with Exercise such as Push Ups\nWhich Exercise is Best?\nThe question is which workouts work best in fighting depression with exercise? The answer is whatever gets you moving! Can you walk? Start walking 30 minutes to an hour a day.\nYou prefer to run? Then run! Rowing, swimming, weightlifting, tennis, whatever it is, get moving!\nGet out of your home and get moving.\nA couple of years ago, I met a man who asked me if I could call a childhood friend of his and help him out of his depression. Immediately I said yes, and called his friend. The man told me that his friend had wasted away in his apartment for over 15 years. He began to experience major depressive symptoms during and after his divorce and estrangement from his only child.\nI understand the pain of both and implored him to consider just a walk every day, just to get outside of the room he had sat in for over a decade. He did not want to. He said several times, maybe , but at the end of the day, he did not want to move. He did not want to get up and start moving physically and metaphorically beyond his pain.\nI explained to him how much just moving would help him, but it was to no avail. Unfortunately, as far as I know, he continues to take medications and continues to suffer over a past that cannot be changed and over a present that is not what he wanted.\nAs I said to him, so I say to you and myself, just get up and get moving. It does not matter what exercise you do, but at the least start walking and for strength I like to suggest squats, deadlifts and push ups as well.\nWhy Push Ups for Fighting Depression?\nAs opposed to squats and deadlifts, you do not need a gym. You also do not need to have weights and a power rack in your home. Gym equipment in an apartment is not too practical, and even in a home is not always possible. For example if your basement or garage has a low ceiling, now what? But, as long as you have a floor or carpet, you can do push ups.\nCan you fight depression with push ups? I say yes, and I am not the only person who fights depression with the simple push up.\nLook at this article how exercise affects your mood from the Black Dog Institute, an pioneer in the identification, prevention and treatment of mental illness.\nHow to Naturally Fight Depression with Push Ups – Australia\nHow to Naturally Fight Depression With Push Ups\nA Canberra man who has fought a battle against depression is doing 3,000 push ups in three hours to raise funds for the Black Dog Institute and awareness of major depressive disorder .\nI doubt that 3,000 push ups is a realistic number for most of us. But, why not shoot for a bare minimum. I like 100. Whatever you like, 100 or 1,000, you will definitely feel better!\nBill Lockley will undertake his challenge from 6:00am to 9:00am on Thursday 17 November at the corner of Martin Place and Elizabeth Street in Sydney, Australia.\n“I love push ups and I hate depression, so doing one to fight the other was a natural fit,” Lockley said.\n“All year I’ve been engaged in a running battle against depression. I've had good days and bad days, but one thing that always seemed to help me keep the black dog at bay was getting regular exercise.\nI can only confirm and agree with Bill Lockley's statement. Keeping the black dog of depression away is a lot easier by getting regular exercise. Push ups are not the only way, but all you need is yourself and a floor, what is more convenient than that? Even if you can only do one push up, start there and gradually increase your push ups.\nWhen I started doing push ups, I could only do one. As your body gets stronger, so will your mind.\nThe Importance of a Mental Health Diagnosis\n“It was a self test from the Black Dog Institute that convinced me to seek further help earlier this year, so I wanted to do something to help them reach others struggling with depression. “I know that exercise can have a very positive effect on people experiencing depression. Doing 3,000 push ups in three hours is how I choose to get exercise, but if you aren’t quite up to that, there are plenty of other ways to let exercise lift your mood.\nSee this detailed, updated and comprehensive blueprint when feeling blue and how a mental health diagnosis is empowering. It is completely free and carefully backed by research. You can find it here: https://www.jenreviews.com/mental-health-diagnosis/\nDepression Statistics in Australia\nAround one in five Australians will suffer from a mood disorder in their lifetime.\nFor some people it will be an isolated occurrence. However, the reality is that for many people, it will be an ongoing challenge throughout their lives that will also impact loved ones around them.\nThe Black Dog Institute is a not-for-profit organisation helping people who are depressed and by undertaking this initiative we know we are helping those affected to enjoy a normal life. The Institute has an international reputation for its outstanding research while at the same time operates a clinic for people with mood disorders at its Randwick facility as well as extensive community programs and education and training for health professionals.\nFor further information:\nContact: Bill Lockley: Mobile: 0425 299850 Email: [email protected] or Ian Dose (M) 0419 618 606 [email protected]\nA Man Swaps Pills for Push ups! – Great Britain\nAnother story which appeared on the web about fighting depression with exercise and specifically push ups is below:\nDepression-hit David swaps pills for push-ups — (Northumberland Gazette\nA BATTLE against the blues has led a Lesbury man to swap medication for membership of a local gym – with remarkable results, not only for his mental health, but also his weight.\nDavid Hawkins has suffered from serious depression since the age of 18 but now, aged 50, he is getting his life back on track thanks to the Village Farm Health Club and Spa in Shilbottle.\nAnd in the process he’s shed an incredible nine stone ( 126 pounds ), which has been a further massive boost to his confidence. David, of Lealands, said his struggle to cope began towards the end of his teens.\n“There was a history of depression in my family and both my father and grandfather suffered from it,” he said. “I don’t know why it happened to me to begin with, perhaps it is a genetic predisposition.\n“I then went on to have a career in sales and worked in a very high-pressure environment, which didn’t help matters. “You were only ever as good as your last sale and in the end I was made redundant. It was devastating.”\nWhen Medication Does Not Work\nLike so many other people fighting depression, David went to his doctor and was prescribed medication. But while it stabilised his emotions, he found it having an increasingly negative impact on his life as time wore on. “After many years of taking many different kinds of antidepressants for mood swings and anxiety, I was finding that the medication was making me feel like a zombie, that my personality was being drained away,” he said.\n“My weight had also become a big problem and I had shot up to 23 stone ( 322 pounds ). “I felt trapped and very isolated. I had been to gyms before, but they felt like factories, way too commercial and not that interested in you as a person.”\nIn 2009, David first found the inner strength to launch himself into a fitness drive, but he admits he wasn’t able to sustain it at that point in his life.\n“I managed to shift a lot of weight over the course of a year, but because of the ongoing depression, I stopped going to the gym and I put six stone ( 84 pounds )of it back on again in just a few months,” he says. “I was desperate, but I knew I had to get back on top of things.\n“The staff at Village Farm were a massive help in keeping me motivated, very helpful, incredibly supportive, friendly and caring – the whole place has a lovely, welcoming feel.\n“They have also helped me to take a more balanced approach to weight-loss by making small, gradual changes to my lifestyle and so far I have kept the weight off. As a result, I feel much fitter and more stable. I have a general feeling of health and wellbeing.\nThe Turning Point\n“Looking back, it has proved to be a huge turning point for me and very gradually I have been able to stop taking all medication. My mood swings are now under control and my anxiety is manageable.”\nDavid’s wife Carol has also noticed a transformation in his well-being.\n“This has made a big difference to the way David is,” she said. “We went out for a drink for the first time in ages last week. He seems so much happier with himself. I only hope it continues.”\nDavid added:\n“By going to the gym, the social contact has increased and my confidence and self-esteem has developed. I no longer feel socially isolated and depressed. I cannot recommend this alternative road to recovery too highly.”\n“I only hope my experience encourages others to take positive action.”\n“I’m extremely grateful to the staff at Village Farm and thankful to them all for their motivational support.”\nYou can find the original story here: https://www.ssristories.org/after-many-years-on-ads-man-felt-like-his-personaity-was-drained-away-he-became-obese/\nBenefits of Exercise for Depression – United States of America\nLast but not least is an article from the Mayo Clinic describing the benefits of exercise for Depression:\nResearch on anxiety, depression and exercise shows that the psychological and physical benefits of exercise can also help reduce anxiety and improve mood.\nThe links between anxiety, depression and exercise aren't entirely clear — but working out can definitely help you relax and make you feel better. Exercise may also help keep anxiety and depression from coming back once you're feeling better.\nHow Exercise Helps Depression\nExercise probably helps manage depression in a some ways, which may include:\nReleasing feel-good brain chemicals that may ease depression (neurotransmitters and endorphins)\nReducing immune system chemicals that can worsen depression\nIncreasing body temperature, which may have calming effects\nExercise has many psychological and emotional benefits too. It can help you:\nGain confidence. Meeting exercise goals or challenges, even small ones, can boost your self-confidence. Getting in shape can also make you feel better about your appearance.\nTake your mind off worries. Exercise is a distraction that can get you away from the cycle of negative thoughts that feed anxiety and depression.\nGet more social interaction. Exercise may give you the chance to meet with others. Just exchanging a friendly smile or greeting as you walk around your neighborhood can help your mood.\nCope in a healthy way. Doing something positive to manage anxiety or depression is a healthy coping strategy. Trying to feel better by drinking alcohol, dwelling on how badly you feel, or hoping anxiety or depression will go away on its own can lead to worsening symptoms.\nHere is the full article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/depression-and-exercise/art-20046495\nThere are many other studies which corroborate and support the anecdotal evidence of many people who have lifted their depression through exercise. If you want to get more fit, end obesity or fight depression, start a push up workout program.\nSee 23 Things I Learned From Doing 100 Push Ups a Day at 62 Years Old. Here is how to do 36,500 Push Ups this year.\nConclusion to Naturally Fighting Depression\nDepression is a nightmare for anyone who is in its grip. Not only for you, but for your family, friends and coworkers as well. You need options for fighting depression.\nFortunately studies around the world show that exercise is as effective against depression as medications.\nYou have choices besides medications, even the simple push up is an effective alternative. You can do the push up anywhere and get leaner and stronger just from push ups. Besides the body transformation provided by the benefits of pushups, now you know how push ups are also a great tool for fighting depression and anxiety disorder.\nWhat do you think are the best alternatives for fighting depression without medications? Do you have other suggestions? Did you ever use aerobic exercise or bodyweight exercise like push ups to fight depression?\nRelated Post:\nSIGECAPS: The Ultimate Guide to Naturally Fighting Depression\nPlease Share These 3 Tips to Help Fight Depression with Exercise by Pinning the Image Below:\nFiled Under: Depression\nRich is a certified personal trainer-AAPT and the author of ZEHHU: Crossing the Bridge from Depression to Life. At the age of 55, he lost 75 pounds in 6 months. Go here to read his story and see how he did it. Feel free to send Rich a message here.\nTop 10 Weight Loss + Strength Training Tips\nEat real food and lose 20 pounds in only 3 months\nDrink 8 to 10 glasses of water a day\nStart moving – walk, run, swim, elliptical, jump rope, for at least 30 minutes a day\nStart a 12 week beginner deadlift program to change your body fast\nDo pushups and/or bench press\nAdd squats\nThink good thoughts\nGet 7 - 9 hours of sleep to function at your best\nTake a complete rest at least one day a week\nGet the best tools for beginner fitness\nGet Your FREE Body Transformation Guide\nPrimary Sidebar\nDeadlifts Blog Articles\n27 Sensational Ways How Deadlifts Change Your Body\n37 Remarkable Benefits of Deadlifts to Reclaim Your Health & Fitness\nHow to Deadlift Like a Boss in 5 Simple Steps\nOne Great Beginner Deadlift Workout Routine\n12 Week Deadlift Program for Beginners\n5 Best Deadlift Shin Guards On The Market Today in 2019\nWeightloss Blog Articles\nHow to Lose 20 Pounds in 3 Months Using 5 Simple Steps\nBest Diet to Lose Weight Fast - Secrets of the Fit Apprentice\nWhy Is It So Hard to Lose Weight After 50\nObese Man Ditches 3 Common Habits and Loses 75 Pounds in 6 Months\nJust Eat Real Food Daily - The Simple Key to Successful Weight Loss\nBegin Healing\nBeginner Cardio\nWhat Are the 5 Components of Fitness?\n5 Ways Cardiorespiratory Endurance Affects Your Physical Fitness\nHow the Powerful Overload Principle Explodes Your Fitness\nA Simple HIIT Workout will Torch Fat and Transform your Body\n5 Cardio Workouts to Shred Fat in Just 12 Weeks\nFooter\nCategories\nAntidepressants\nBent Over Rows\nBlog\nCardiovascular Fitness\nDeadlifts Blog Articles\nDepression\nDivorce\nExclusive\nFat Loss\nFitness\nHashi Mashi\nHealth\nHow to Fight Depression\nIn the News\nInspiration\nLessons Learned\nMotivation\nNASM Certification\nNutrition\nObesity\nPress\nPus ups\nQuotes\nRecipes\nReviews\nSilent Treatment\nSleep\nSquats\nStrength Training\nsuicide prevention\nThe Best\nThe Daily Weigh\nWalking\nWeight Loss Blog Articles\nworkout plans\nYou Can Lose The Weight & Get Fit\nDo you think it is possible to reboot your fitness?\nRemember when you were in shape back in the day?\nDo you think that rebooting your fitness is a pipe dream?\nYou are in the right place if you want to get back into shape, but do not know where to start.\nThis is how...\nContinue Reading Here\nPrivacy Policy\nAffiliate Link Disclosure\nTerms of Use\nHashi Mashi™ Diet and Training is Designed for Informational Purposes Only & Does Not Provide Medical Advice, Treatment or Diagnosis.\nCopyright © 2019 - Hashimashi.com - All Rights Reserved - Hosted by BIGSCOOTS - The Greatest Hosting On Earth-For Real!\n3shares\nGet The Fat to Fit Transformation Plan Cheat Sheet\nthat I used to trim 18 inches off my waist in 6 months. 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2019-04-23T04:12:18Z

"https://hashimashi.com/fighting-depression-with-exercise/"

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Simple Home Remedies You Won’t Believe Actually Work | Fact Opinion & Information\nASK A QUESTION\nQuestions\nCategories\nFacebookLike\nFacebookLike\nSubscribe via Email\nJoin 326 other subscribers\nEmail Address:\nRecent Posts\nSocial Media Marketing Expert\nہم آپ کی حفاظت نہیں کر سکت\nچھوٹی چھوٹی باتیں\nپھر شہباز شریف،پھر ملک ریاض\nہم انکار نہیں کر سکیں گے\n©2019 EngineThemes\nTerm & Privacy\nQuestions\n97\nMembers\n446\nCategories\nFact (18)\nHOT QUESTIONS\nدنیا کے وہ پانچ مقامات جہاں سورج کبھی غروب نہیں ہوتا\n40 Social Networking Sites of the World\nI have bought a Samsung Galaxy 3 (parallel imported, aka GT-I5801). Can I remove the unusable bundled proprietary applications without breaking the thing? (How?)\nApni Duniya aap paida kr agar zindun main hay...\nWhy You Should Put A Used Tea Bag On Your Wrist\nﻣﺤﺒّﺖ، ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺑﻠﮭﮯ ﺷﺎﮦ\nEver wondered why ‘F’ and ‘J’ keyboard keys have bumps on them? Here’s why\nWhat are the best mobile apps for traveling?\nTags Widget\ngoogle x 19\nusers x 16\nsocial x 15\nhealth x 11\ntechnology x 9\nSee more tags\nFact Opinion & Information\nHome\nContact\nLogin or Register\nASK A QUESTION\nQuestions\nCategories\nFacebookLike\nFacebookLike\nSubscribe via Email\nJoin 326 other subscribers\nEmail Address:\nRecent Posts\nSocial Media Marketing Expert\nہم آپ کی حفاظت نہیں کر سکت\nچھوٹی چھوٹی باتیں\nپھر شہباز شریف،پھر ملک ریاض\nہم انکار نہیں کر سکیں گے\n©2019 Fact Opinion & Information 2017\nTerm & Privacy\nHome\n10 Simple Home Remedies You Won’t Believe Actually Work\n0\ngoogle\nhealth\nHome Remedies\nusers\nBelow is the list of 10 simple beauty and health tips and solutions for many day to day problems.\n1 Duct Tape for Getting Rid Of Warts\nDuct tape is better for removing warts as compared to liquid nitrogen. This has been successfully proven by a study conducted at the Archives of Pediatrics And Adolescent Medicine.\nYou just need to tear a piece of duct tape and apply it on the infected area. Remove the duct tape\neveryday and paste a new one for few days and also rub the wart with a nail file or pumice stone for a few days until the wart is gone.\nThough the scientists are not so sure about this particular method, still they believe that the chemical contained in the tape does the trick. One alternative theory is that the application of duct tape causes irritation on the skin which in turn causes the immune system to attack the wart.\n2 Bite A Pencil To Relieve Headache\nThis particular theory is based on the fact that when stressed, we often clench our teeth which strain the muscles that connect the temples to the jaws. This particular action can result in headache. If you place pencil between your teeth but not bite down on it, you would be able to relax your muscles thereby reducing the pain. However, this method is successful in relieving only some types of headaches.\n3 Dry Out Blisters With the Help of Listerine\nListerine, commonly used as a mouthwash, is a powerful antiseptic and can be used for treating the blisters. Just dab Listerine onto the blisters two to three times a day using cotton balls until they heal completely.\n4 Soothe Eczema through Oatmeal bath\nSoaking in warm water consisting of two to three cups of colloidal or finely ground oatmeal for 15 minutes relieves almost all the irritation caused by eczema. The oatmeal has an antihistamine effect and reduces inflammation.\n5 Treat Motion Sickness With Olives\nMotion sickness is often accompanied by a feeling of nausea which may result in vomiting. In the event of vomiting, the human body’s protecting system kicks in and mouth begins to secrete excessive saliva in order to protect teeth from stomach acid. Eating a few olives dries the mouth and prevents the secreting of excessive saliva in the mouth. This is due to presence of tannins in the olives. Removing this particular symptom reduces nausea and prevents you from vomiting.\n6 Sugar For Curing Hiccups\nSugar is known for triggering vagus nerve, which apparently causes body to forget hiccups. Vagus nerve is essentially a cranial nerve that transfers sensory information related to various body parts to the brain. When one swallows sugar, this particular nerve tells the brain that something more important than hiccups is happening and the diaphragm spasms stops immediately.\n7 Treat Nail Fungus through Vicks VapoRub\nAlthough there is no scientific evidence about this particular theory, still there are a numerous occurrences in which it has proved to be quite successful in treating different types of nail fungus. While some believe that it is the suffocating action of the Vaporub that does the job while other believes that it is the menthol that is present in it that kills the fungus. For treating nail fungus, just apply Vicks VapoRub twice a day over the affected area until its gone.\n8 Treat Brittle Nails With Vegetable Oil\nRub vegetable oil on your hands for treating dry and brittle nails and give your nails rich moisturizing treatment.\n9 Vodka for Foot Odor\nAlcohol is known to be a great antiseptic that can kill almost all the bacteria that cause odor. It also dries out the moisture that prevents these organisms from thriving. Just dip a cloth in liquid and apply it on your feet at the end of the day.\n10 Cure Bad Breath With Yogurt\nYogurt contains probiotics that can eliminate excessive acid in the stomach which is the major cause of bad breath. Although bad breath can originate in several places, stomach is one of the most common places from where it starts.\nShery Reviewer Asked on April 14, 2015 in Health.\nShare\nComment(0)\nAdd Comment\nAdd comment\nCancel\n0 Answers\nVotes\nOldest\nYour Answer\nPost answer\nBy posting your answer, you agree to the privacy policy and terms of service.\nQuestions\n97\nMembers\n446\nCategories\nFact (18)\nHOT QUESTIONS\nدنیا کے وہ پانچ مقامات جہاں سورج کبھی غروب نہیں ہوتا\n40 Social Networking Sites of the World\nI have bought a Samsung Galaxy 3 (parallel imported, aka GT-I5801). Can I remove the unusable bundled proprietary applications without breaking the thing? (How?)\nApni Duniya aap paida kr agar zindun main hay...\nWhy You Should Put A Used Tea Bag On Your Wrist\nﻣﺤﺒّﺖ، ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺑﻠﮭﮯ ﺷﺎﮦ\nEver wondered why ‘F’ and ‘J’ keyboard keys have bumps on them? 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2019-04-21T08:11:29Z

"http://factopinion.info/question/10-simple-home-remedies-you-wont-believe-actually-work/"

factopinion.info

Mend Physical Therapy Blog and Injury Information — Mend\nWelcome\nExperts\nBlog\nPatient Info\nCourses\nBack\nDr. Kristin Carpenter Dr. Jeff Ryg Dr. Stacy Soappman Dr. Michael Van Portfliet Testimonials\nBack\nFAQ Forms Upper Body Treatment Solutions Lower Body Treatment Solutions Manual Therapy Exercise Treatments Dry Needling Understanding Pain and the Mend Physical Therapy Difference Cutting Edge Treatment Resources\nWelcome Experts Dr. Kristin Carpenter Dr. Jeff Ryg Dr. Stacy Soappman Dr. Michael Van Portfliet Testimonials Blog Patient Info FAQ Forms Upper Body Treatment Solutions Lower Body Treatment Solutions Manual Therapy Exercise Treatments Dry Needling Understanding Pain and the Mend Physical Therapy Difference Cutting Edge Treatment Resources Courses\nIndividualized Care Provided By Expert Clinicians\nPosts in hip pain\nDoes Physical Activity Improve after a Total Knee or Hip Replacement?\nTotal knee and hip replacements are among the fastest growing surgeries in our country. Physical Therapy remains the first line treatment for patients with knee and hip arthritis, but in patients with severe osteoarthritic pain and loss of function joint replacement remains a good surgical option. In prior research among patients undergoing these procedures there is often a disconnect between subjective reporting of pain and function and the objective testing of a patient's function. For example, a patient may report great outcomes and an ability to walk long distances without fatigue or pain, but objective testing in Physical Therapy often reveals residual endurance, strength, and balance impairments.\nIn addition to severe pain, one of the most important indications for a total joint procedure is loss of function. After the surgery patients are expected to increase their activity levels due to reduced pain, but new research is questioning this assumption. A recent review article in the Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy examined if physical activity levels increased after these procedures (Arnold et al. 2016). Authors reviewed the available data and found 8 studies of 373 patients who underwent a total joint replacement.\nThese studies objectively tracked a patients physical activity levels up to 1 year after the procedure to see if levels had increased compared to pre operative levels. The authors reported negligible improvements at 6 months and limited evidence to support increases in activity levels at 1 year. At one year, patients with total joint replacements were significantly less active than their peers. This study indicates the importance of post operative Physical Therapy to effectively improve strength, endurance, and balance allowing patients to resume an active lifestyle.\nArthritis, hip osteoarthritis, hip pain, knee pain, knee arthritis, surgeryJeff Ryg June 2, 2016 knee replacement, total hip replacement, physical activityComment\nPhysical Therapy Reduces Need for Total Hip Replacement\nOver 200,000 Americans undergo a total hip replacement often as a result of severe hip osteoarthritis. Patients who enter the surgery in a weakened, less functional state have worse outcomes up to 2 years post operatively compared to their higher functioning peers (Fortin et al. 1999, 2002). This is concerning because the most rapid recovery after surgery occurs in the first 3 months with slower recovery up to 1 year. A patient with more difficulty entering surgery would have limited success in this crucial window in their recovery. Conversely, pre operative Physical Therapy for patients with limited flexibility, strength, balance, and endurance can improve surgical outcomes, but similar to research in knee osteoarthritis may delay or prevent the need for the surgery.\nA recent study was conducted to determine the long term impact of PT interventions on patients with hip osteoarthritis (Svege et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015). Patients were randomized to either an education or PT group and followed up to 6 years after the treatment. The authors reported the average time to a total hip replacement was 5 and a half years in the Physical Therapy group compared to 3 and a half years in the education group. In addition, twice as many patients in the Physical Therapy group did not require surgery reducing the need for surgery by 44%.\nThis evidence adds to our knowledge on the beneficial effects of Physical Therapy on patients with hip osteoarthritis. Patients with hip pain are advised to see a Physical Therapist to postpone or prevent the need for a total hip replacement.\nArthritis, hip osteoarthritis, Hip, hip pain, prevention, surgery, Hip InjuriesJeff Ryg March 3, 2016 hip pain, hip osteoarthritis, physical therapy treatment, total hip replacementComment\nHip Osteoarthritis and the Impact of Exercise\nCurrently, in the state of Colorado patients can access their Physical Therapist without a referral from another healthcare provider such as primary care physician. This model of care has been utilized since the 1950's throughout the country and is most notable in our military where our soldiers have direct access to their Physical Therapists. In both the civilian and military worlds seeing a Physical Therapist first is both clinically and cost effective for patients, saving an average of $1000 per plan of care. For the majority of musculoskeletal conditions exercise is the key intervention to reduce pain and improve function. There is no better healthcare profession than Physical Therapy for the design and implementation of an exercise program for patient's in pain. A new research paper was released demonstrating the importance of exercise in the management of hip osteoarthritis.\nHip osteoarthritis is a common condition leading to pain, loss of motion, weakness and loss of function in many middle to older aged adults. Prior research has shown exercise therapy's ability to reduce pain and improve function in patients with hip osteoarthritis. A recent study compared the cost of exercise therapy and primary care to primary care interventions alone (Tan et al. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015). Over 200 patients were followed over the course of a year and their medical expenses were collected. The authors reported exercise therapy was a less costly treatment option compared to primary care alone.\nTo learn more on how Physical Therapy and exercise can save you money and improve your quality of life contact your local Physical Therapist.\nArthritis, hip osteoarthritis, hip pain, treatment, Hip InjuriesJeff Ryg January 15, 2016 hip pain, hip osteoarthritis, physical therapy treatment, exerciseComment\nLateral Hip Pain and Bursitis\nPatients with outer hip, lateral, pain have previously been diagnosed with trochanteric bursitis indicating the fluid filled sack between our hip muscle tendons and our thigh bone is to blame for their symptoms. In addition the -itis ending in the diagnosis leads us to believe there is an inflammatory process taking place in the hip. Interventions designed to combat inflammation where previously utilized in an attempt to reduce pain and improve function. Based on the recent research experts have moved toward a more accurate diagnoses for symptoms in the lateral hip which is changing our understanding of the pathology and treatment interventions for this common condition.\nExperts are currently moving away from the diagnosis bursitis due to the lack of confirming findings on diagnostic imaging. Bird et al. reported only 8% of patients with lateral hip pain had bursitis on ultrasound imaging (Arthritis and Rheum. 2001). A recent study by Long et al. found 80% of close to 800 patients with lateral hip pain did not show any signs of bursitis. Conversely these imaging studies, including MRI, are finding more chronic, degenerative (scar tissue) changes in the tendons on the gluteus medius and minimus tendons as well as the IT band. These changes explain the limitations of interventions designed to treat inflammation in these patients.\nThe diagnosis Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is now being utilized to more accurately describe these chronic changes among patients with lateral hip pain. GTPS accounts for a small amount of sports injuries but has its' highest incidence among individuals aged 40-60 years old (Mulligan et al. 2014). In our Physical Therapy practice we commonly see this condition among individuals with a prior history of low back pain and IT band pain. These patients often demonstrate weakness in their hip musculature leading to muscle imbalances across the lower quarter. The degenerative changes in the tendon represent a decrease in the tendon's ability to tolerate loading in movement and athletic events. Interventions should focus on correcting hip muscle imbalances and poor movement patterns which perpetuate this condition. When appropriate, progressive resistance exercises should be implemented to improve these tissues' ability to tolerate stress and help remodel the tendon.\nTo learn more about how to accurately diagnose and treat your lateral hip pain contact your local Boulder Physical Therapists at Mend.\nhip pain, trochanteric bursitis, athletes, Hip, imaging, running, treatment, Hip InjuriesJeff Ryg December 17, 2015 hip pain, bursitis Comment\nMend Physical Therapy\n2760 29th Street. Suite 1B,\nBoulder, CO 80301\n303-870-9271 [email protected]\nHours\nMon 7am to 7pm\nTue 7am to 7pm\nWed 7am to 7pm\nThu 7am to 7pm\nFri 7am to 4pm\nContact Us\nPhone (720)772-6780 FAX (844)697-5513 - 2760 29th St. Suite B1. Boulder, CO 80301\nCopyright @MEND 2018\nBook Now

2019-04-20T09:06:53Z

"https://www.mendcolorado.com/physical-therapy-blog/category/hip+pain"

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Other symptoms include a stuffy, runny nose; a sore throat and fever.\nWhat causes croup?\nThere are two types. ‘Viral is the most common and occurs alongside cold and flu symptoms,’ says Penny. ‘The second type – spasmodic – comes on suddenly and is linked to allergies and acid reflux. With this, your baby will have short episodes of coughing without cold symptoms.’\nHow can I treat croup?\nIf your child’s symptoms are mild, you can usually treat them at home. ‘Most cases get better within days,’ says Dr Singh. ‘You can ease fever and discomfort with infant paracetamol, while cold drinks or ice lollies may soothe a sore throat and keep him hydrated.’ Cough medicines and decongestants won’t help, nor will a steamy bathroom or humidifiers.\nWhen to see your GP\nSee your doctor if your baby’s symptoms don’t improve after 48 hours. ‘Your GP may prescribe steroids to calm the swelling in the airway,’ says Penny. However, if your child is struggling to breathe, makes a loud, raspy sound while breathing in – known as stridor – or has a blue tinge to his lips and face, go to hospital straightaway.\n‘He’ll be given steroids or adrenaline through a nebuliser – which lets you inhale medication as a mist – and be kept in for observation,’ says Dr Ranj.\nHas your baby had croup? Let us know in the comments box below.\nAuthor: Hannah Fox Hannah Fox\nJob Title: Writer\nHannah Fox\nRelated content by tag:\nBaby basics\nbaby health\nMost popular articles in Baby & Toddler Health Advice\n1) 5 natural ways to treat your baby’s blocked nose\n2) Why is my baby pooping so much? 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2019-04-20T09:10:10Z

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Controversy: Is there a role for adjuvants in the management of male pattern hair loss? Rajput RJ - J Cutan Aesthet Surg Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery (JCAS): Free full text articles from J Cutan Aesthet Surg\nHome About us Current issue Archives Instructions Submission Subscribe Editorial Board Partners Contact e-Alerts Login\nCONTROVERSY\nYear : 2010 | Volume : 3 | Issue : 2 | Page : 82-86\nControversy: Is there a role for adjuvants in the management of male pattern hair loss?\nRajendrasingh J Rajput\nR R Institute, 201-A, Gasper Enclave, Ambedkar Road, Pali Hill Market, Bandra (W), Mumbai 400050, India\nClick here for correspondence address and email\nDate of Web Publication 4-Sep-2010\nAbstract\nPatients with hair loss are seeking treatment at a younger age and during earlier stages. Not all need hair transplants. Because of the lack of assured management and the fear of side-effects, patients are turning to ineffective alternative remedies from self-claimed experts. In this report, we discuss the available treatment options and how best they can be used in combination to produce satisfactory results. The traditional approach consists of administration of drugs such as minoxidil and finasteride. We propose a hypothesis that nutritional supplements, 2% ketoconazole shampoo and low-level laser therapy along with finasteride 1 mg used once in 3 days with 2% minoxidil used everyday, given in a cyclical medicine program may be useful to manage hair loss and achieve new hair growth. The scientific rationale for such an approach is explained. The need for further studies to establish the efficacy of the regime is stressed upon.\nKeywords: Antioxidants, cyclical medicine, low-level laser\nHow to cite this article:\nRajput RJ. Controversy: Is there a role for adjuvants in the management of male pattern hair loss?. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2010;3:82-6\nHow to cite this URL:\nRajput RJ. Controversy: Is there a role for adjuvants in the management of male pattern hair loss?. J Cutan Aesthet Surg [serial online] 2010 [cited 2019 Apr 20];3:82-6. Available from: http://www.jcasonline.com/text.asp?2010/3/2/82/69016\nIntroduction\nAndrogenetic hair loss often begins as early as 14 years, with 11% of the patients being below the age of 20 years. The incidence of hair loss in the age group of 26-45 years is 40% and rises to 57% at 60 years, although at this age it is perceived as a part of natural ageing. The number of men who seek treatment is five times as compared to women. Psychological and social embarrassment, stress and depression due to hair loss are seen in 46% of the patients. [1],[2],[3] Patients often resort to alternative therapies due to the lack of awareness, lack of guaranteed and consistent results with drugs, the need for prolonged or lifelong use of medication and the fear of side-effects. [3] The existing available treatment options often do not meet the expectations of our patients.\nAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is caused by twin factors of heredity and male hormone, showing polymorphism with variable expression, early or late in onset and with slow or rapid progress. The androgen gene confers only 40% of male pattern baldness (MPB). Other genes controlling hair follicle cycle, response to metabolic states, cell division, stress and environmental factors confer the other 60%. [4],[5] Because AGA is not entirely genetic, it is referred to as male pattern hair loss (MPHL) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) instead of AGA. Current treatments for hair loss are based on the beneficial side-effects of pharmacological agents. [4] Questions have been raised whether factors other than androgens have a role in MPHL. There is some evidence to show that it may be influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors in men and women. [4],[5] It is also known that antiandrogen (finasteride)-induced inhibition of 5-alpha reductase (AR) does not help in all cases with AGA, suggesting the possible role of other possible causative factors.\nIn view of these, this article examines the available evidence for the role of alternative factors such as dietary factors and other adjuvants in the management of MPHL and proposes a scheme for its management. It is however stressed that the proposed scheme is based on experimental evidence and extrapolation of such experimental data and, therefore, further large-scale controlled trials are essential for its uniform acceptance.\nInsights into the Mode of Action of Androgens\nTestosterone-binding globulin, corticosteroid-binding protein and albumin bind 97% testosterone in circulation, while 3% is free testosterone. [6] Type I 5-AR is available in the pilosebaceous unit. [7] Type II 5-AR is found on the outer root sheath of the hair follicles, prostate and dermal papillae. At all these sites, the testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), [7] which binds with the cytosol androgen receptor and is carried into the cell nucleus, where it binds to DNA and produces an mRNA leading to miniaturization of the follicles. [6],[7] But, there are alternative pathways. Testosterone can be converted to DHT in the circulation and can enter the cell directly without 5-AR or the receptors. Testosterone can find a different cytosol receptor to reach the nucleus and DNA. Other androgens like dehydroepianderosterone sulphate (DHEAS) can also enter the cell directly and get converted to DHT. Diminished levels of enzymes like aromatase, adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP cause poor hair growth, suggesting the involvement of unknown mechanisms. [6] These may be the reasons why we cannot offer the same benefits to all patients using DHT suppression alone.\nLimitations of Pharmacological Therapy : Side-Effects of Minoxidil and Finasteride\nA combination of minoxidil and finasteride is more effective than each of them used alone. [8] However, a minimum period of 4-6 months or more is required before significant clinical improvement is noticed. There are several apprehensions in the minds of patients about the use of drugs. Often, the side-effects of the drugs are exaggerated in the lay media and by practioners of alternative medicine, resulting in poor patient compliance. Several factors therefore need to be considered while starting the treatment:\nFinasteride 1 mg daily does not show any side-effects in 98% of the cases. Common side-effects of finasteride are reduced libido and reduced seminal volume, seen in 2% of the cases. Of these, 1% is a \"nocebo\" effect, [9] which improves with continued therapy. This effect is not due to the pharmacological action of the medicine but results from the psychological awareness of the possibility of the side-effects. The other 1% of the side-effects are completely reversible after 5 days of discontinuation of the medicine. [9]\nThe main side-effects of minoxidil include pruritus, allergic dermatitis, palpitation, scalp irritation, worsening of seborrheic dermatitis, and hypertrichosis in women, on the face, arms, chest and sacral area. Minoxidil is preferably avoided in pregnant and breast feeding women. [10],[11] Use of new propylene glycol-free, minoxidil gel and foam has reduced these side-effects. [12]\nThus, it can be seen that serious side-effects due to these drugs are rare. However, a large number of patients stop the treatment after a few months. Hence, there is a need for more effective and alternate therapies.\nAlternate Hypothesis for Androgenetic Alopecia\nWhile the role of androgens is undisputed, other hypotheses have been proposed:\n1. Oxidative stress directly affects the cell membrane [13],[14] and facilitates entry of DHT, DHEAS and other damaging factors into the cell. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause sebaceous gland hyperplasia, promoting increased type I 5-AR enzyme activity and higher DHT formation. [15] Action of androgens is mediated through increased generation of superoxide, which is neutralized by super oxide dismutase (SOD). [15] SOD mimetics are used to reverse miniaturization, e.g. copper binding peptide, prazotide copper. [16] The SOD in the mitochondria contains manganese (Mn SOD). SOD in the cytoplasm contains copper and zinc (CuZnSOD). [15] All these minerals are essential for hair growth. Active small molecule antioxidants are ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol, lipoic acid, uric acid, glutathione and polyphenol. Antioxidants scavenge-free radicals. [15]\nLipid-soluble and water-soluble small molecule antioxidants act in the extracellular space. [15],[17] These are alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E 100-200 IU per day), beta-carotene, carotenoids, alpha-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthine. Vitamin C, the water-soluble antioxidant, helps in biosynthesis [15] and is the first-line antioxidant in plasma against different ROS. [15] Other useful scavengers are pyridine-N-oxides such as 3-carboxylic acid pyridine-N-oxide and its esters. [15] Nitric oxide (NO) initiates and maintains hair growth while superoxide inhibits hair growth. Use of arginine can enhance NO and promote angiogenesis for new hair growth. [15]\nAll these evidence show that there may be a role for oxidative stress in hair loss.\n2. Another study suggests an alternate mechanism of action of DHT resulting in miniaturization of hair follicles. According to this hypothesis, the adult cranial bones, especially the frontal and parietal bones, continue to grow in size even in adulthood under the influence of DHT, thus resulting in bone expansion and remodeling, which, in turn, compromises the blood flow through the capillary network in these areas and thus initiates miniaturization of hair follicles in the affected area. [18]\n3. There is evidence suggesting that regular aerobics and weight training can reduce the free testosterone level in the blood in such people and thus have a beneficial effect in pattern hair loss. [19],[20] But, only weight training without aerobics can often increase serum free testosterone levels and susceptibility to hair loss. [21],[22],[23],[24]\nThese hypotheses suggest that alternative medical treatments deserve consideration in the management of pattern hair loss. These options are considered below:\nImportance of nutrition for the anagen phase\nTo re-enter anagen from a resting phase, the dermal papilla cells show a high spurt in cell division and increased growth rate at the onset of the cycle. This requires a good supply of nutrients and a toxin-free environment for the growing cells. If these requirements are not met, the resting phase is prolonged and the growth phase fails to commence. [25] Hair loss is associated with anemia, which may not be detected. [26],[27] Low iron levels are compensated by re-absorption of iron from the spleen, bone marrow, etc. In such compensated states, low serum level may not always be identified, but iron is not available for the growing hair. [26],[27] Serum ferritin is raised in inflammatory disorders and the iron-binding capacity can be high in a low-iron state due to low percentage saturation. [27] Blood calcium levels are continuously maintained in exchange with bone and hair. [27] Hypoproteinemia is associated with thin, dry, brittle hair and hair loss. [27],[28] Antioxidants and nutritional supplements have to be used even in clinically normal levels of iron, calcium, amino acids, vitamins and minerals in order to achieve hair growth. These can be better used in a preventive low dose, once in 3 days, instead of a higher everyday use in therapeutic dosage.\nPossible role of low-level laser therapy\nThe Hungarian researcher, Mester, in 1967, found that 500 milliwatts, low-power, 694 nm ruby laser increased hair growth on the backs of shaved mice. [29] Possible role of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used to reduce inflammation and enhance wound healing. [29] LLLT is proposed to act by stimulation of mitochondria to produce more ATP and cyclic AMP, with activation of response to oxidative stress, [30],[31],[32] displacing NO from the cells and allowing more oxygen to enter. Released NO also induces vasodilatation and improves blood flow to the hair roots. In routine practice, LLLT may not be advised alone but has benefits when used as adjunct to the medicines and also helps in post-transplant cases. [33],[34] Another study that used the Hairmax laser comb in patients with AGA also suggested that there was both subjective and objective improvement in the hair density, texture and hair fall. [35]\nPossible role of anti-inflammatory medications in the treatment of MPHL\nIn AGA, scalp biopsies show decreased anagen hair and increased vellus hair. There is perifollicular lymphocytic infiltration and perifollicular concentric fibrosis around the upper and lower follicles, [36] suggesting that anti-inflammatory treatments may benefit such patients.\nRole of ketoconazole\n2% ketoconazole shampoo is an antifungal effective in seborrheic dermatitis, has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces Malassezia colonization of the scalp. It also has local DHT suppression activity, which may be useful in the management of pattern hair loss. [37],[38]\nHypothesis for an Alternative Regimen in Pattern Hair Loss\nBased on these hypotheses, we propose an alternative regime as follows. The principles of this proposed regime are:\nTo prevent the hair from miniaturization using finasteride, promote hair growth using minoxidil and support growing cells using antioxidants, vitamins, iron, folic acid, biotin, calcium, minerals and amino acids.\nAnother principle is to use the least-effective doses of drugs to minimize their side-effects, which helps to allay the anxiety of patients about side-effects and leads to better compliance. Recalling original finasteride dose studies, even 0.2 mg per day caused 55% DHT suppression, while 5 mg per day achieved 69% DHT suppression. [39] The plasma half-life of finasteride is 6-8 h and tissue binding is 4-5 days. Considering these facts, we propose that finasteride 1mg be used once in 3 days. This approach gains confidence of the patients that the low dose and the break of 2 days will keep them free of side-effects. Minoxidil, ketoconazole shampoo, antioxidants and nutritional supplements are combined with this twice-weekly finasteride.\nDietary and Life Style Modifications to Improve Hair Growth\nMasumi Inaba of Japan has shown a cause and effect relationship between the diet and the severity of hair loss through documentation and scalp biopsies. [27] Fried foods and red meat are avoided to reduce the overall activity of oil and sebum glands, as these are the sites for 5-AR enzyme activity, and hyperactive glands may lead to more conversion of DHT. [13] It also reduces the accumulation of free radicals, which are harmful to rapidly dividing cells. Next is to avoid sugar-based foods, such as chocolates, pastries and sweets; however, some sugar in tea or coffee is permitted. [27],[28] Increased sugar leads to insulin release, which, in turn, causes release of testosterone from its binding protein and makes it available for conversion to DHT. High-fat foods, fried foods and bakery products are avoided. Foods with artificial flavours, taste makers, additives, preservatives and colas are avoided as these chemicals lead to the formation of free radicals in the body. [27] Chinese foods made with aginomoto may adversely affect the hair. [27] Sprouts, green leafy vegetables, pulses and nuts along with plenty of water a day make up for balanced diet and provide all the nutrients required for healthy and glowing hair.\nAvoidance of smoking can be beneficial in hair loss, as nicotine is known to decrease blood flow to the hair follicles by causing vasoconstriction and also leads to accumulation of free radicals in the hair roots thus damaging hair roots. [27] As stated earlier, aerobic exercises may help reduce serum androgen levels [19],[20] and, therefore, are advocated.\nResults of Our Experience with Cyclical Therapy\nA randomized control trial was conducted with four groups of men and women in all ages and all grades of hair loss [40] . The study included 500 patients randomly selected, irrespective of age, sex and grade of hair loss.The progress was recorded by digital photographs, folliscopic computerized analysis for density ounts per square centimeter and measurement of hair caliber in microns. Patients also had a self-assessment score. The trial showed that the cyclical medicine program was effective.Patients had visible improvement in 2 months and good results in 4 months. Improvement continued as the therapy was continued further. New hair growth was recorded till 18 months. Improvement in hair count at 4 months was 30-52%. Improvement in hair caliber at 4 months was 37-47%. Vellus hair count, which initially was 12-50%, decreased to 5-20% at 4 months.\nSummary\nPattern hair loss, although a global problem, has very limited options available for satisfactory treatment. Conventional minoxidil and finasteride are the only two scientifically proven drugs available, but both need long-term compliance from the patients' side. We seek to hypothesise that antioxidants, diet, exercise and low-level laser can be used as adjuvants in combination with minimal doses of finasteride for better compliance and greater efficacy. We also suggest that controlled trials need to be conducted to further establish this hypothesis.\nReferences\n1. Stough D. Psychological effect, pathophysiology and management of androgenetic alopecia in men. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:1316-22.\n2. Hunt N, McHale S. The psychological impact of alopecia. Br Med Jour 2005;331:951-3.\n3. Bhandaranayake I, Mirmirani P. Hair loss remedies-separating facts from fiction. Cutis 2004;73:107-14.\n4. Ellis JA, Sinclair RD. Male pattern baldness: Current treatments, future prospects. Drug Discov Today 2008;13:791-7. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n5. Ellis JA, Stebbing M, Harrap SB. Polymorphism of the androgen receptors gene is associated with male pattern baldness. J Invest Dermatol 2001;116:452-5. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n6. Haber RS, Stough DB. Hair Transplantation, Ch 1. Pathogenesis and Medical Therapy of Male and Female Pattern Hair loss. Maryland, USA: Elsevier Saunders; 2006.\n7. Choudhry R, Hodgins MB, Van der Kwast TH, Brinkmann AO, Boersam WJ. Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: Implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. J Endocrinol 1992;133:467-75.\n8. Diani AR, Mulholland MJ, Shull KL. Hair growth effects of oral administration of finasteride, a steroid 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with topical minoxidil in the balding stump tail macaque. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:345-50.\n9. Mondaini N, Gontero P, Giubilei G, Lombardi G, Cai T, Gavazzi A, et al. Finasteride 5mg and sexual side effects: How many of these are related to nocebo phenomenon? J Sex Med 2007;4:1708-12. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n10. Olsen EA, DeLong ER, Weiner MS. Long term follow up of men with male pattern baldness treated with topical minoxidil. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:688-95. [PUBMED]\n11. Whiting DA, Jacobson C. Treatment of female androgenetic alopecia with minoxidil 2%. Int J Dermatol 1992;31:800-4. [PUBMED]\n12. Stehle R, Ewing G, Rundegren J, Kohut B. Update of minoxidil from a new foam formulation devoid of propylene glycol to hamster ear follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2005;606:101.\n13. Bahta AW, Farjo N, Farjo B, Philpott MP. Premature senescence of balding dermal papilla cells in vitro is associated with p16 INK4a expression. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:1088-94. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n14. Rinaldi F. Pollution, scalp and hair transplants. Hair Transplant Forum Int 2008;18:227.\n15. Hair loss Learning Center, Data base search access. Available from: http://www.hairlosslearningcenter.org [last accessed 2007 Sep 9].\n16. Pyo HK, Yoo GH, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, Eun HC, et al. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2007;30:834-9.\n17. Loshak D. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the scalp of patients with alopecia areata. J Dermatol Sci 2002:29:85-90.\n18. Taylor PJ. Big head? Bald head! Skull expansion: Alternative model for the primary mechanism of AGA. Med Hypotheses 2009;72:23-8. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n19. Daly W, Seegers CA, Rubin DA, Dobridge JD, Hackney AC. Relationship between stress hormones and testosterone with prolonged endurance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;93:375-80. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n20. Ara I, Perez-Gomez J, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Chavarren J, Dorado C, Calbet JA. Serum free testosterone, leptin and soluble leptin receptor changes in a 6-week strength-training programme. Br J Nutr 2006;96:1053-9. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n21. Tsolakis C, Xekouki P, Kaloupsis S, Karas D, Messinis D, Vagenas G, et al. The influence of exercise on growth hormone and testosterone in prepubertal and early-pubertal boys. Hormones (Athens) 2003;2:103-12. Available from: http://www.hormones.gr/preview.php?c_id=135 [last acced on 2009 Sep 26].\n22. Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Kraemer WJ, Hδkkinen K. Acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses and recovery to forced vs maximum repetitions multiple resistance exercises. Int J Sports Med 2003;24:410-8.\n23. Izquierdo M, Ibαρez J, Hδkkinen K, Kraemer WJ, Ruesta M, Gorostiaga EM. Maximal strength and power, muscle mass, endurance and serum hormones in weightlifters and road cyclists. J Sports Sci 2004;22:465-78.\n24. Baker JR, Bemben MG, Anderson MA, Bemben DA. Effects of age on testosterone responses to resistance exercise and musculoskeletal variables in men. J Strength Cond Res 2006;20:874-81. [PUBMED]\n25. Courtois M, Loussouarm G, Hourseau C, Grollier JF. Aging and hair cycles. Br J Dermatol 1995;132:86-93.\n26. Eisenberg EL. Hair loss unrelated to Androgenetic Alopecia. Hair Transplant. 4 th ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2004. p. 67.\n27. Spencer DK. The Bald Truth, Ch. 2. The hormonal effects of diet on hair loss. New York: Simon and Schuster Inc; 1998. p. 37-54.\n28. Rinaldi F, Bezzola P, Sorbellini E. The \"substrate to energy\" The importance of the diet and nutritional supplements in metabolic process of the hair bulb before and after transplant. J Eur Soc Hair Restorat Surg 2003;3:4-5.\n29. Maser E, Szende B, Gartner P. The effect of laser beams on the growth of hair in mice. Radiobiol Radiother (Berl) 1968,9:621-6.\n30. Al-Watban FA, Zhang XY, Angres BL. Low-level laser therapy enhances wound healing in diabetic rats: A comparison of different lasers. Photomed Laser Surg 2007;25:72-7.\n31. Oron U, Ilic S, DeTaboada L, Streeter J. Ga-As (808-nm) laser irradiation enhances ATP production in human neuronal cells in culture. Photomed Laser Surg 2007;25:180-2.\n32. Yu W, Naim JO, McGowan M, Ippolito K, Lanzafame RJ. Photomodulation of oxidative metabolism and electron chain enzymes in rat liver mitochondria. Photochem Photobiol 1997;66:866-71. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n33. Satino JL, Markou M. Hair regrowth and increased tensile strength using HairMax LaserComb for low-level laser therapy. Int J Cosmet Surg Aesthet Dermatol 2003;5:113-7.\n34. Avram MR, Leonard RT Jr, Epstein ES, Williams JL, Bauman AJ. The current role of laser/light source in the treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2007;9:27-8. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n35. Leavitt M, Charles G, Heyman E, Michaels D. Hairmax laser comb laser phototherapy device in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia: A randomized, double-blind, sham device-controlled, multicentre trial. Clin Drug Investig 2009;29:283-92. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n36. Olsen EA, Messenger AG, Shapiro J, Bergfeld WF, Hordinsky MK, Roberts JL, et al. Evaluation and treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:301-11. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n37. Inui S, Itami S. Reversal of androgenic alopecia by topical ketoconazole: Relevance of anti androgenic activity. J Dermatol Sci 2007;62:112-5.\n38. Van Cutsem J, Van Gerven F, Cauwenbergh G, Odds F, Janssen PA. The anti inflammatory effects of ketoconazole. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:257-61. [PUBMED]\n39. Drake L, Hordinsky M, Fiedler V, Swinehart J, Unger WP, Cotterill PC, et al. The effects of finasteride on scalp skin and serum androgen levels in men with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:550-4. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]\n40. Rajput RJ. Cyclical Medicine for hair loss management and improved results in hair transplantation. Hair Transplant Forum Int 2008;18:208-10.\nCorrespondence Address:\nRajendrasingh J Rajput\nR R Institute, 201-A, Gasper Enclave, Ambedkar Road, Pali Hill Market, Bandra (W), Mumbai 400050\nIndia\nSource of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None\nCheck\nDOI: 10.4103/0974-2077.69016\nSearch\nSimilar in PUBMED\nSearch Pubmed for\nRajput RJ\nSearch in Google Scholar for\nRajput RJ\nRelated articles\nAntioxidants\ncyclical medicine\nlow-level laser\nEmail Alert *\nAdd to My List *\n* Registration required (free)\nAbstract\nIntroduction\nInsights into th...\nLimitations of P...\nAlternate Hypoth...\nHypothesis for a...\nDietary and Life...\nResults of Our E...\nSummary\nReferences\nArticle Access Statistics\nViewed 6112\nPrinted 264\nEmailed 7\nPDF Downloaded 411\nComments [Add]\nSitemap | Advertise | What's New | Feedback | Copyright and Disclaimer|\n© Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow\nOnline since 15th April, 2008

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Fever and Your Child | Patient Education Handouts | Pediatric Patient Education | AAP Point-of-Care-Solutions\nSearch\nHome\nSubscribe\nPediatric Care Online™\nRed Book® Online\nAAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™\nAAP Toolkits™\nAAP Links\nSign In\nAccess Provided By:\nOfficite\nSign In as Individual\nInvalid username/password combination There was an error authenticating your account\nLoading...\nForgot password or AAP Login?\nCreate account\nWhy create an account?\nSign Out\nThis is the touchback warning message modal.\n×\nPediatric Care Online™\nRed Book® Online\nAAP Pediatric Coding Newsletter™\nAAP Toolkits™\nSearch\nExpert advice from the American Academy of Pediatrics\nHome\nAll Handouts\nWell Child Visit Handouts\nHandouts by Collection\nExpert advice from the American Academy of Pediatrics\nPatient Education Handouts\nFever and Your Child\nSpanish\nPrint\nShare\nEmail\nShare a Pediatric Patient Education Handout\nRecipient(s) will receive an email with a link to 'Fever and Your Child' and will not need an account to access the content.\n*Your Name:\n*Your Email Address:\nCheck to send yourself a copy\nEnter each recipient's email address. At least one recipient is required.\n*Recipient 1: Recipient 2: Recipient 3: Recipient 4: Recipient 5:\nSubject: Pediatric Patient Education from the AAP –\nOptional Message (up to 1000 characters)\nCould not validate captcha. Please try again.\nSubmit\n×\n\n© 2018 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.\nWhile it is important to look for the cause of a fever, the main purpose for treating it is to help your child feel better if he is uncomfortable or has pain.\nA fever is usually a sign that the body is fighting an illness or infection. Fevers are generally harmless. In fact, they can be considered a good sign that your child’s immune system is working and the body is trying to heal itself.\nRead on to find out more from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about how to tell if your child has a fever and how to manage a fever.\nAbout Fevers\nNormal body temperature varies with age, general health, activity level, and time of day. Infants tend to have higher temperatures than older children. Everyone’s temperature is highest between late afternoon and early evening and lowest between midnight and early morning. Even how much clothing a person wears can affect body temperature.\nA fever is a body temperature that is higher than normal. While the average normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37.0°C), a normal temperature range is between 97.5°F (36.4°C) and 99.5°F (37.5°C). Most pediatricians consider a temperature 100.4°F (38.0°C) or higher a sign of a fever (see Taking Your Child’s Temperature).\nSigns and Symptoms of a Fever\nIf your child has a fever, she may feel warm, appear flushed, or sweat more than usual. She may also be thirstier than usual.\nSome children feel fine when they have a fever. However, most will have symptoms of the illness that is causing the fever. Your child may have an earache, a sore throat, a rash, or a stomachache. These signs can provide important clues as to the cause of the fever.\nWhen to Call the Doctor\nThe most important things you can do when your child has a fever are to improve your child’s comfort by making sure he drinks enough fluids to stay hydrated and to monitor for signs and symptoms of a serious illness. It is a good sign if your child plays and interacts with you after receiving medicine for discomfort.\nCall your child’s doctor right away if your child has a fever and\nLooks very ill, is unusually drowsy, or is very fussy.\nHas been in a very hot place, such as an overheated car.\nHas other symptoms, such as a stiff neck, severe headache, severe sore throat, severe ear pain, breathing difficulty, an unexplained rash, or repeated vomiting or diarrhea.\nHas immune system problems, such as sickle cell disease or cancer, or is taking steroids or other medicines that could affect his immune system.\nHas had a seizure.\nIs younger than 3 months (12 weeks) and has a temperature of 100.4°F (38.0°C) or higher.\nTemperature rises above 104.0°F (40.0°C) repeatedly for a child of any age.\nAlso call your child’s doctor if\nYour child still “acts sick” once his fever is brought down.\nYour child seems to be getting worse.\nThe fever persists for more than 24 hours in a child younger than 2 years.\nThe fever persists for more than 3 days (72 hours) in a child 2 years or older.\nTreating Your Child’s Fever\nIf your infant or child is older than 6 months and has a fever, she probably does not need to be treated for the fever unless she is uncomfortable. Watch her behavior. If she is drinking, eating, and sleeping normally and is able to play, you do not need to treat the fever. Instead, you should wait to see if the fever improves by itself.\nWhat you can do\nKeep her room comfortably cool.\nMake sure that she is dressed in light clothing.\nEncourage her to drink fluids such as water, diluted juices, or a store-bought electrolyte solution.\nBe sure that she does not overexert herself.\nSee How to Improve Your Child’s Comfort With Medicine.\nTaking Your Child’s Temperature\nWhile you often can tell if your child is warmer than usual by feeling his forehead, only a thermometer can tell how high the temperature is. Even if your child feels warmer than usual, you do not necessarily need to check his temperature unless he has the other signs of illness described earlier.\nAlways use a digital thermometer to check your child’s temperature (see Types of Digital Thermometers for more information, including guidance on what type of thermometer to use by age). Mercury thermometers should not be used. The AAP encourages parents to remove mercury thermometers from their homes to prevent accidental exposure and poisoning.\nView Table\nTypes of Digital Thermometers\nView Large\nShare\nE-mail\nFacebook\nTwitter\nTypes of Digital Thermometers\nTypes of Digital Thermometersa\nType\nHow It Works\nWhere to Take the Temperature\nAge\nNotes\nDigital multiuse thermometer\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nReads body temperature when the sensor located on the tip of the thermometer touches that part of the body\nCan be used to take rectal, oral, or axillary temperature\nRectal (in the bottom) Birth to 1 year\nThe temperature that most pediatricians consider a sign of fever (100.4°F [38.0°C] or higher) is based on taking a rectal temperature.\nLabel the thermometer “oral” or “rectal.” Don’t use the same thermometer in both places.\nTaking an axillary temperature is less reliable. However, this method may be used in schools and child care centers to check (screen) a child’s temperature when a child has other signs of illness. The temperature is used as a general guide.\nOral (in the mouth) 4 to 5 years and older\nAxillary (under the arm) Least reliable technique, but useful for screening at any age\nTemporal artery thermometer\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nReads the infrared heat waves released by the temporal artery, which runs across the forehead just below the skin On the side of the forehead\n3 months and older\nBefore 3 months, better as a screening device than taking axillary (armpit) temperature\nMay be reliable in newborns and infants younger than 3 months, according to new research\nTympanic thermometer\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nReads the infrared heat waves released by the eardrum In the ear 6 months and older\nNot reliable for babies younger than 6 months.\nWhen used in older children it needs to be placed correctly in the child’s ear canal to be accurate.\nToo much earwax can cause the reading to be incorrect.\na This chart includes 3 types of digital thermometers. Style and instructions may vary depending on the product. While other methods for taking your child’s temperature are available, such as pacifier thermometers or fever strips, they are not recommended at this time. Ask your child’s doctor for advice.\nNOTE: Temperature readings may be affected by how the temperature is measured and other factors (see What is a fever?). Your child’s temperature and other signs of illness will help your doctor recommend treatment that is best for your child.\nHow to Use a Digital Multiuse Thermometer\nRectal Temperature\nIf your infant is younger than 1 year, taking a rectal temperature gives the best reading. Here is how to take a rectal temperature.\nClean the end of the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. Rinse it with cool water. Do not rinse it with hot water.\nPut a small amount of lubricant, such as petroleum jelly, on the end.\nPlace your child belly down across your lap or on a firm surface. Hold her by placing your palm against her lower back, just above her bottom. Or place your child face up and bend her legs to her chest. Rest your free hand against the back of the thighs.\nWith the other hand, turn the thermometer on and insert it ½ inch to 1 inch into the anal opening. Do not insert it too far. Hold the thermometer in place loosely with 2 fingers, keeping your hand cupped around your child’s bottom. Keep it there for about 1 minute, until you hear the “beep.” Then remove and check the digital reading.\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nBe sure to label the rectal thermometer so it is not accidentally used in the mouth.\nOral Temperature\nOnce your child is 4 or 5 years of age, you can take his temperature by mouth. Here is how to take an oral temperature.\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nView OriginalDownload .ppt\nClean the thermometer with lukewarm soapy water or rubbing alcohol. Rinse with cool water.\nTurn the thermometer on and place the tip under your child’s tongue toward the back of his mouth. Hold in place for about 1 minute, until you hear the “beep.” Check the digital reading.\nFor a correct reading, wait at least 15 minutes after your child has had a hot or cold drink before putting the thermometer in his mouth.\nHow to Improve Your Child’s Comfort With Medicine\nAcetaminophen and ibuprofen are safe and effective medicines if used as directed for improving your child’s comfort, and they may also decrease her temperature. A prescription is not needed to use them, and they are available at grocery stores and drugstores. However, keep this in mind.\nAcetaminophen should not be used for newborns and infants younger than 3 months unless recommended by your infant’s doctor.\nIbuprofen should not be used for newborns and infants younger than 6 months. It should not be given to children who are vomiting constantly or are dehydrated.\nDo not use aspirin to treat your child’s fever or discomfort. Aspirin has been linked with side effects such as an upset stomach, intestinal bleeding, and Reye syndrome. Reye syndrome is a serious illness that affects the liver and brain.\nIf your child is vomiting and cannot take anything by mouth, a rectal suppository may be needed. Acetaminophen comes in suppository form and can help reduce discomfort in a vomiting child.\nIf your child is taking other medicines check the ingredients. If they include acetaminophen or ibuprofen, let your child’s doctor know.\nIn 2011, manufacturers began replacing infant acetaminophen drops (80 mg/0.8 mL) with infant or children acetaminophen liquid (160 mg/5 mL). In 2017, manufacturers began making only 160 mg–strength acetaminophen chewable pills and tablets for children. Visit www.healthychildren.org/feverpain for more information. If giving acetaminophen, be sure to tell your child’s doctor if you are using infant drops (80 mg/0.8 mL), infant or children liquid (160 mg/5 mL), or chewable pills or tablets for children (160 mg).\nNOTE: If your child is younger than 2 years, check with your child’s doctor before giving any medicine. Also, before giving any medicine, read the label to make sure that you are giving the right dose for your child’s age and weight.\nDo Not Use Sponging to Reduce a Fever\nIt is not recommended that you use sponging to reduce your child’s fever. There is no information that shows that sponging or tepid baths improve your child’s discomfort associated with a fever or an illness. Cool or cold water can cause shivering and increase your child’s temperature. Also, never add rubbing alcohol to the water. Rubbing alcohol can be absorbed into the skin or inhaled, causing serious problems such as a coma.\nAbout Febrile Seizures\nIn some children younger than 6 years, fever can trigger seizures. While this can be frightening, these seizures are usually harmless. During a seizure, your child may look strange for a few minutes, shake, and then stiffen, twitch, and roll his eyes. The color of his skin may also change and appear blue. If this happens\nPlace him on the floor or bed, away from any hard or sharp objects.\nTurn his head to the side so that any saliva or vomit can drain from his mouth.\nDo not put anything into his mouth, not even a finger.\nCall your child’s doctor.\nYour child’s doctor will want to check your child, especially if it is your child’s first febrile seizure. It is important to look for the cause of the febrile seizure.\nIf your child has had a febrile seizure in the past, treating your child with acetaminophen or ibuprofen when he has another fever will not prevent another febrile seizure from occurring. Discuss this at your child’s next well-child visit.\nListing of resources does not imply an endorsement by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). The AAP is not responsible for the content of external resources. Information was current at the time of publication. The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.\nDigital thermometer drawings by Anthony Alex LeTourneau\nDISCLAIMER: The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.\nRelated Handouts\nHow to Take Your Child's Temperature\nHome Water Hazards for Young Children\nPreparing Infant Formula: Important Safety Information\nColds\nCommon Childhood Infections\nFebrile Seizures\nFever\nFirst Aid\nSee More\nHome\nAll Handouts\nWell Child Visit Handouts\nHandouts by Collection\nSubscribe\nContact Us\nAbout\nHelp\nAAP Links\nLike Us on Facebook\nInstitutions/Group Practices\nPrivacy Statement\nUse of this web site signifies acceptance of our Terms Of Use\nInstitutional License Agreement\n© Copyright 2019 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.\nThe information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. 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2019-04-25T18:00:17Z

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patiented.solutions.aap.org

What Are The Causes Of A Ruptured Achilles Tendon? - Rubie Rounkles\nRubie Rounkles\nBlog\nAbout\nContact\nWhat Are The Causes Of A Ruptured Achilles Tendon?\n4/13/2015\nOverview Complete Achilles tendon ruptures occur most commonly at the mid-substance, but also distally at the insertion site or proximally at the myotendinous junction. These can be traumatic and devastating injuries, resulting in significant pain, disability, and healthcare cost. As many as 2.5 million individuals sustain Achilles tendon ruptures each year and the incidence is rising. This trend is due, in part, to an increase in athletic participation across individuals of all ages. Causes Repeated stress from a variety of causes is often the cause of Achilles tendon injury. The stress may occur from any of the following. Excessive activity or overuse. Flat feet. Poorly fitting or inadequate shoes. Inadequate warm-up or proper conditioning. Jogging or running on hard surfaces. Older recreational athlete. Previous Achilles tendon injury (tendonitis/rupture). Repeated steroid injections. Sudden changes in intensity of exercise. Use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (especially in children). Trauma to the ankle. Tense calf muscles prior to exercise. Weak calf muscles. Symptoms Often the person feels a whip-like blow that is followed by weakness in the affected leg - usually he or she is not able to walk afterwards. At place where the tendon ruptured, a significant dent is palpable. Often the experienced physician can diagnose a ruptured Achilles tendon by way of clinical examination and special function tests. Imaging techniques, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for a more precise diagnosis. Diagnosis In diagnosing an Achilles tendon rupture, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask questions about how and when the injury occurred and whether the patient has previously injured the tendon or experienced similar symptoms. The surgeon will examine the foot and ankle, feeling for a defect in the tendon that suggests a tear. Range of motion and muscle strength will be evaluated and compared to the uninjured foot and ankle. If the Achilles tendon is ruptured, the patient will have less strength in pushing down (as on a gas pedal) and will have difficulty rising on the toes. The diagnosis of an Achilles tendon rupture is typically straightforward and can be made through this type of examination. In some cases, however, the surgeon may order an MRI or other advanced imaging tests. Non Surgical Treatment Achilles tendon rupture is treated using non surgical method or surgical method. Non surgical treatment involves wearing a cast or special brace which is changed after some period of time to bring the tendon back to its normal length. Along with cast or brace, physical therapy may be recommended to improve the strength and flexibility of leg muscles and Achilles tendon. Surgical Treatment Most published reports on surgical treatment fall into 3 different surgical approach categories that include the following: direct open, minimally invasive, and percutaneous. In multiple studies surgical treatment has demonstrated a lower rate of re-rupture compared to nonoperative treatment, but surgical treatment is associated with a higher rate of wound healing problems, infection, postoperative pain, adhesions, and nerve damage. Most commonly the direct open approach involves a 10- to 18-cm posteromedial incision. The minimally invasive approach has a 3- to 10-cm incision, and the percutaneous approach involves repairing the tendon through multiple small incisions. As with nonsurgical treatment there exists wide variation in the reported literature regarding postoperative treatment protocols. Multiple comparative studies have been published comparing different surgical approaches, repair methods, or postoperative treatment protocols.\nComments are closed.\nPowered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.\nGet Started

2019-04-22T21:57:06Z

"http://rubierounkles.weebly.com/blog/what-are-the-causes-of-a-ruptured-achilles-tendon"

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Migraine Medication\nSearch\nOleandis.com\nmigraine\nChoices in Migraine Medication\nIf you have ever experienced the pain and discomfort of a migraine, you know how debilitating these headaches can be. Many frequent migraine sufferers miss portions of vacations, holidays and special events, because migraines can strike anywhere and at anytime. Those who have had life disrupted by a migraine, or who live in constant worry of when the next headache will hit may feel that their quality of life is actually compromised because of this condition. The good news is that there is a wide selection of migraine medications that will prevent and treat these painful headaches for a large number of migraine sufferers.\nFor Mild to Moderate Migraines\nIf you only get a migraine once in a blue moon, or if your headaches tend to fall on the milder side of the scale, over-the-counter migraine medications might be sufficient in meeting your needs. There are many to choose from, including acetaminophen, ibuprofen and naproxen products. While acetaminophen is generally safe for almost anyone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) can carry some risks, so it is a good idea to check with your doctor before taking these migraine medications on a regular basis. NSAIDS include ibuprofen and naproxen products. For an extra boost in effectiveness, taking any of these migraine medications with a cup of black coffee may actually enhance the result, since caffeine seems to lessen the severity and duration of these headaches. There are also over-the-counter migraine medications like Excedrin Migraine that contain caffeine as well as pain relief.\nFor Moderate to Severe Migraines\nIf over-the-counter migraine medications do not work effectively for you, there are also prescription drugs available for treating migraines. Some of these come from the family of triptans, and serve to diminish a migraine that has already begun. One of the commonly known names of a medication in this group is Imitrex. These migraine medications work best when taken at the first warning sign that a headache is imminent. For many, this may include symptoms like vision disturbances or an abrupt mood change. Another choice in prescription migraine medication is part of a group of drugs called prophylactic medicines. These include many classifications such as beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and antidepressants. These are primarily preventative medications, and tend to work best on those that suffer from frequent or unusually severe migraines.\nMigraines do not have to put a damper on your everyday life. With the proper migraine medication that can be determined by you and your doctor, you will be on your way to more pain-free days and a better quality of life.\nRelated Information and Products\nmigraine\nA migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe. Typically, the headaches affect one half of the head, are pulsating in nature, and last from two to 72 hours. Associated symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sound, or smell. The pain is generally made worse by physical activity.\nwww.bing.com:80/search?q=migraine\nMigraine - Wikipedia\nCauses. Though migraine causes aren't understood, genetics and environmental factors appear to play a role. Migraines may be caused by changes in the brainstem and its interactions with the trigeminal nerve, a major pain pathway.\n/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine\nMigraine - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic\nMigraine headache is a type of headache with signs and symptoms of sensitivity to light, smells, or sounds, eye pain, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. Migraine triggers include foods, stress, and oversleeping. Treatment for migraines include medications, pain management, home remedies for relief, and lifestyle changes.\n/www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/\nAbout Migraine\nMigraine\nAbdominal migraines\nAcupuncture for migraines\nBasilar artery migraine\nBasilar migraine\nBotox for migraines\nCause of migraine headaches\nChild migraine\nCluster migraine\nComplicated migraine\nExcedrin and migraine\nHemiplegic migraine\nMenstrual migraine\nMigraine aura\nMigraine cause\nMigraine cure\nMigraine diet\nMigraine headache medication\nMigraine headache relief\nMigraine headache symptom\nMigraine headache treatment\nMigraine headache\nMigraine help\nMigraine home remedy\nMigraine information\nMigraine medication\nMigraine medicine\nMigraine pressure point\nMigraine prevention\nMigraine relief\nMigraine remedy\nMigraine symptom\nMigraine treatment\nMigraine trigger\nNatural remedy for migraine\nOcular migraine\nOphthalmic migraine\nOptical migraine\nTopamax for migraine\nVisual migraine\n» Find more...\n© 2007-2019 by Oleandis.com • Disclaimer • Contact us

2019-04-21T02:24:09Z

"http://oleandis.com/migraine/migraine-medication.php"

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Should you use Heat or Ice for Treating Injuries? | Exuberance Chiropractic | Lakeville, MN | Chiropractor\nLakeville – West\n(952) 435-3345\nLakeville – East\n(952) 435-3346\nAbout\nMeet the Doctors\nLakeville – West\nLakeville – East\nTestimonials\nChiropractic\nChiropractic – FAQ\nFamily Care\nExtremity Care\nFirst Visit\nFST™\nNutrition\nRehab\nMassage\nBlog\nShould you use Heat or Ice for Treating Injuries?\nHome » Blog » Chiro Knowledge » Should you use Heat or Ice for Treating Injuries?\nPosted in: Chiro Knowledge, Health & Lifestyle|Tags: cold, health, heat, hot, ice, injury, strain, surgery| November 8, 2017\nAs a Chiropractor, one of the most common questions I am asked is, “Should I use heat or ice?” The answer depends on what type of injury you are trying to treat. Both cold and superficial heat can decrease the symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries and pain. The most general answer is always use ice for acute injuries (within the past 72 hours) and use a combination of ice and heat for chronic (long-standing) injuries. However, to make the best decision, you need to understand what ice and heat can do.\nICE\nApplying ice to an injured muscle or joint can decrease swelling, pain and irritation associated with a new injury. For example, if you just sprained your ankle or had knee surgery, then ice is your best option. Ice causes your vessels to constrict, which limits blood flow and decreases swelling. The cold can numb the affected area, lowering pain. Ice is best applied for 15 to 20 minutes at a time and no more than once per hour. Icing for more than 20 minutes can cause blood vessels to spasm between constriction and dilation and increase pain levels. If there is significant swelling, it is beneficial to elevate the affected body part above your heart. For example, if your knee is swollen, lie down, prop your leg on pillows and apply ice.\nHEAT\nHeat is your best option for more chronic injuries, in which there is no fluctuation in swelling. For example, chronic back or neck pain may respond best to a hot pack. The use of heat can decrease your pain and increase your mobility. Heat decreases the pain in an area, which allows for more pain-free movement. As with ice, heat should only be applied for 15-20 minutes at a time to avoid burns. (It is a common misconception that heat warms up a joint and causes more flexibility. However, heat does not travel deeper than the skin layer and the layer of fat tissue immediately beneath the skin.) Just as with ice, there are a few dangers with heat therapy:\nThe most obvious one is leaving it on too long or the temperature being too hot, both potentially causing a burn.\nCaution should be paid to having enough layers between the hot pack and the skin to prevent burns.\nElectric hot packs without a timer should be avoided because of the risk that you could fall asleep and get burned because of prolonged exposure.\nSpecial attention also should be paid to skin condition. Elderly people tend to have thinner skin and therefore are more at risk for topical burns.\nHeat should not be applied directly over open wounds or rashes.\nHot packs should not be used for acute injuries for risk of causing vessels to dilate, which increases swelling.\nHEAT and ICE\nWhen it comes to injuries that have been present for more than a few days, it may be best to use a combination of heat and ice. After a few days the majority of swelling will have stopped in an injury, assuming you have been using ice. With reduced swelling it is now a good time to use heat and get additional pain relief. There can still be some residual swelling, however, so continuing with ice will still be beneficial. In general you want to use ice for no more than 10-15 minutes followed up with heat for 10-15 minutes. Doing this every few hours will help reduce swelling and decrease pain, a win-win. Once again, this should only be done at least 3 days after an injury. Prior to that, swelling reduction with ice is your primary goal.\nIn summary, ice and heat are good options to manage the pain and swelling that occurs with musculoskeletal conditions. Both modalities have minimal side effects when used correctly and are easily accessible when dealing with pain. With the knowledge of how ice and heat affect your body, the best option could come down to what feels best for your injury.\nNovember 9, 2018 Devin Cory\nRelated Posts\nHow Chiropractic Care Can Help Relieve Sinus Pressure November 28, 2018\nFamily Care & Chiropractic August 24, 2018\nWhiplash: The Silent Killer October 27, 2017\nPopular Posts\nTrigger Finger, Carpal Tunnel and Text Neck – Oh My! April 5, 2019\nStay Warm with Spinach, Quinoa, and Broccoli Bisque! January 24, 2017\nCold Temps aren’t the only cause of Numbness in Fingers! January 26, 2017\n← Whiplash: The Silent Killer\nFamily Care & Chiropractic →\nFollow\nName\nEmail *\nCategories\nCategories Select Category At Home Exercises Chiro & Kids Chiro Knowledge Fitness Health & Lifestyle Recipe Uncategorized\nRecent Posts\nTrigger Finger, Carpal Tu...\t April 5, 2019\nSciatica Sucks, and We Ar...\t January 11, 2019\nHow Chiropractic Care Can...\t November 28, 2018\nColic & Chiropractic...\t November 9, 2018\nFrozen Shoulder Solutions...\t November 9, 2018\nArchives\nArchives Select Month April 2019 January 2019 November 2018 August 2018 November 2017 October 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017\nContact Lakeville Office\nYour message was successfully sent. Thank You!\nName *\nEmail *\nI give permission to store the above data and use it to contact me.\nSubmit\nLakeville – West\n(952) 435-3345\ncontact*exuberancechiropractic.com\n17787 Kenwood Trail\nLakeville, MN 55044\nLakeville – East\n(952) 435-3346\ncontact*exuberancechiropractic.com\n16023 Elmhurst Lane, Suite 103\nLakeville, MN 55044\nCopyright © 2018 Exuberance Chiropractic & Wellness Center. All Rights Reserved

2019-04-21T00:52:39Z

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Imitrex side effects eyes / Fast Worldwide Shipping / Flexible Payment Options | Sandhya Pravakta\nहोम\nNews\nस्थानीय\nBihar\nOther State\nदेश\nविदेश\nखेल\nबिज़नेस\nVideos\nसिनेमा\nटीवी\nज्योतिष\ne-paper\nऑटोमोबाइल\nटूरिज्म\nगैजेट्स\nस्टोरी\nNabshow Technology\nTechnology\nFashoin-LifeStyle & Health\nSearch\n26 C\nPatna,in\nSaturday, April 20, 2019\nBlog\nForums\nAbout Us/Contact\nSandhya Pravakta\nहोम\nNews\nस्थानीय\nBihar\nOther State\nदेश\nविदेश\nखेल\nबिज़नेस\nVideos\nसिनेमा\nटीवी\nज्योतिष\ne-paper\nऑटोमोबाइल\nटूरिज्म\nगैजेट्स\nस्टोरी\nNabshow Technology\nTechnology\nFashoin-LifeStyle & Health\nHome Uncategorized Imitrex side effects eyes / Fast Worldwide Shipping / Flexible Payment Options\nUncategorized\nImitrex side effects eyes / Fast Worldwide Shipping / Flexible Payment Options\nBy\nSPK News Desk\n-\nApril 16, 2018\n0\n259\nShare on Facebook\nTweet on Twitter\nimitrex side effects eyes\nGeneric Imitrex\nSafe Place To Buy Generic Imitrex Cheapest. 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2019-04-19T22:20:30Z

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Medic for Upper Respiratory Infections | Cuoihoi- cuoihoi.info\nMedic Index\nFeedback\nSubscribe\nNo Result\nView All Result\nAdvertisements\nNo Result\nView All Result\nHome » Medic » Medic for Upper Respiratory Infections\nMedic for Upper Respiratory Infections\nby Top10HomeRemedies Team\nFebruary 11, 2019\n0\nUpper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are contagious infections involving the nose, throat, sinuses, pharynx or larynx.\nSome commonly known URIs include the common cold, nasal obstruction, a sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, epiglottitis, tracheobronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media.\nMost URIs are viral in nature and tend to spread easily from one individual to another. However, in some cases, they can be caused by bacteria or fungi.\nCommon symptoms of URIs are a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, postnasal drip, a cough, watery eyes, a scratchy throat, a sore throat, a headache, muscle aches, breathing difficulty, a mild fever and mild fatigue. A person can have other symptoms associated with specific conditions.\nAdvertisements\nURIs spread from one person to another via airborne droplets from coughing and sneezing as well as direct hand-to-hand . Weak immunity and living in an area with low humidity can put you at a higher risk of these contagious illnesses.\nThey are also more common in the winter months, when more people congregate indoors and germs spread faster.\nPrecautionary measures can help prevent contracting a URI to a great extent. But if you contract an infection, many home remedies can offer comfort from the symptoms and reduce the duration of the illness.\nHere are the top 10 home remedies for upper respiratory infections (URIs).\nAdvertisements\nContents\n1. Steam Inhalation\n2. Salt Water\n3. Ginger\n4. Garlic\n5. Humidifier\n6. Chicken Soup\n7. Honey\n8. Fluids\n9. Early Morning Sunlight\n10. Proper Rest\n1. Steam Inhalation\nSteam is a simple yet effective home remedy to reduce the symptoms of a URI, such as nasal congestion, a runny nose and sneezing.\nSteam inhalation works as a natural expectorant to clear nasal congestion. It also helps lubricate the irritated respiratory tract.\nAdd a few drops of peppermint or eucalyptus essential oil to a small tub of hot water. Cover your head with a towel and inhale the steam for a few minutes. Repeat a few times a day.\nAnother option is to run a hot shower with the bathroom door closed and breathe in the steam vapors for 5 to 10 minutes. Do this once or twice daily.\nNote: Steam inhalation is not recommended for small children, pregnant women and people who have high blood pressure.\n2. Salt Water\nSalt water is another good home remedy for alleviating irritation in the nose and throat that accompanies an upper respiratory infection.\nAdvertisements\nIt helps thin the mucus, making it easier and more comfortable to expel. It will also help clear the nasal passages of irritants.\nAdd ¼ teaspoon of salt to a cup of room temperature water and stir it until the salt is dissolved. Using a bulb syringe, put the solution into one nostril at a time with your head tilted back. Inhale gently to draw the solution further into the nasal passages. Then, blow your nose to flush out the solution. Do this 2 or 3 times a day.\nAlso, add 1 teaspoon of salt to 1 cup of warm water and gargle with it 2 or 3 times a day. It will help reduce the pain and swelling of a sore throat.\n3. Ginger\nFor treating as well as preventing URIs, one of the best natural ingredients is ginger.\nIt has antiviral compounds that help fight the cause of the infection. This warm herb also contains antimicrobial, diaphoretic, expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties. Also, it is an excellent immune-system booster.\nAdvertisements\nYou can choose from any of the following remedies, or use a combination of them. Ginger works best in helping you avoid a full-fledged infection when you take it as soon as you experience the first signs of an upper respiratory infection.\nChew small pieces of raw ginger sprinkled with salt several times a day.\nCut some ginger root into thin slices, add them to a cup of water and boil it for 5 to 7 minutes to make a tea. Strain it and add a little honey for taste. Drink the tea up to 3 times a day.\n4. Garlic\nAnother powerful immune booster, garlic is also beneficial for treating upper respiratory infections. It has powerful medicinal compounds, such as allicin, sulfhydryl and various other sulfur-containing compounds that help keep your body free from URIs as well as treat them.\nGarlic’s antibacterial and antiviral properties also make it effective in fighting the cause of the infection.\nHere again, you have a few options for using garlic.\nEat 2 to 3 fresh garlic cloves daily, or use garlic in your cooking.\nAnother option is to prepare a natural decongestant by mixing 1 minced garlic clove, a pinch of cayenne pepper power and 2 tablespoons each of oraginc apple cider vinegar (with mother) and honey in 1 cup of hot water. Sip it slowly for relief. You drink this tonic 2 or 3 times a day.\nYou can opt to take garlic in supplement form. Talk with your doctor before using a supplement.\n5. Humidifier\nA humidifier can be used to keep the air moist. This will assist in keeping the nose and sinus membranes moist, which helps with congestion and lessens the intensity of coughing.\nOn the other hand, dry air can worsen a sore throat and make it difficult to breathe with ease.\nUse a humidifier wherever possible in your home, and especially in the room where you sleep.\nAnother option is to place a bowl of hot water in the room to increase the moisture in the air. Be sure to use caution to avoid scalding burns from the hot water.\n6. Chicken Soup\nHomemade chicken soup has many essential nutrients and vitamins that help treat URI symptoms, such as a sore throat, a runny nose and congestion.\nChicken contains an amino acid called cysteine that converts to glutathione, a very powerful antioxidant that helps speed up the healing process and aids in shortening the duration of the infection.\nIn addition, it will boost immunity and restore your body’s strength.\nEat some homemade chicken soup at least 2 or 3 times a day. For additional benefits, use organic chicken and add ginger and garlic to the soup.\n7. Honey\nHoney is a safe remedy for adults and children age 1 and older who are suffering from a URI. The high amount of nutrients and enzymes in honey help kill bacteria and viruses that cause URIs.\nIt also has potent antioxidant and immune-boosting properties that promote healing. A 2013 feasibility study published in Pediatric Report journal notes that honey can help in the treatment of cough in children.\nAdd the juice of 1 lemon and 1 teaspoon of honey to a glass of lukewarm water. Drink it 1 or 2 times a day.\nAlternatively, you can drink a glass of warm milk with 1 tablespoon of honey once or twice a day.\n8. Fluids\nIrrespective of the cause of the URI, it is important to keep the body hydrated by increasing your fluid intake.\nAdequate hydration with water, juices and non-caffeinated drinks can thin nasal secretions, ease congestion and reduce throat irritation. It also helps flush toxins out of the body, which is important for the healing process.\nDrinking an ample amount of water throughout the day will keep your body hydrated. You can also drink broth or juice from fruits and vegetables with high water content.\nDo not drink beverages that are high in sugar or contain alcohol or caffeine, such as coffee, tea and colas. These can worsen your symptoms.\n9. Early Morning Sunlight\nVitamin D plays a role in maintaining a strong immune system. In fact, a low vitamin D level can weaken your immunity and increase your chance of getting a URI. Hence, it is important to maintain a proper vitamin D level in the body.\nTo get the required amount of vitamin D naturally, expose your arms and face to the sun for 15 minutes daily. However, be sure it is early morning sun to avoid the harsher sunrays later in the day.\nIf needed, take a vitamin D supplement after consulting your doctor.\n10. Proper Rest\nIf you have persistent or severe symptoms of a URI, it is recommended to curl up in bed with some extra blankets to keep yourself warm and cozy.\nGetting proper rest is one of the best ways to help your body recover faster from an infection. Rest helps reduce inflammation and gives your body the needed time to heal. Always remember that your body needs its resources to heal, which you can save by getting proper rest and sleep.\nDo not tire yourself out by working overtime or going to the gym when you have an upper respiratory infection. If you need to exercise, try some light exercise like walking.\nAdditional Tips\nHerbal teas prepared from echinacea, licorice root, elm bark and others also serve as excellent URI home remedies.\nKeep yourself warm by wearing extra clothes or using a blanket.\nEat foods rich in vitamin C to boost your immunity.\nAvoid heavy meals and sugar when you are suffering with a URI.\nSmoking and exposure to secondhand smoke can further irritate your nose, throat and lungs. So, avoid them as much as possible.\nResources:\nAdvertisements\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *\nComment\nName *\nEmail *\nRecommended\nMedic\nPancreatitis: Causes, Symptoms and Natural Relief\nby Dr. Mehreen Qureshi (Physician)\nApril 18, 2019\n0\nPancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. 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2019-04-20T08:41:27Z

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What is Osteoarthritis? | Rebalance Sports Medicine\nLocations\nYonge & Adelaide\n110 Yonge Street Suite #905\nToronto, ON M5C 1T4\nT: (416) 777-9999\nF: 1-866-338-1236\nE: [email protected]\nUniversity & King\n155 University Avenue Suite #303\nToronto, ON M5H 3B7\nT: (416) 306-1111\nF: 1-866-204-0961\nE: [email protected]\nHOURS\nMonday:\n7 AM - 6 PM\nTuesday:\n7 AM - 6 PM\nWednesday:\n7 AM - 6 PM\nThurdsday:\n7 AM - 6 PM\nFriday:\n7 AM - 6 PM\nSaturday:\nClosed\nSunday:\nClosed\nRequest Appointment\nRequest An Appointment Online or Call Now\nFull Name\nFirst Last\nPhone\nEmail\nYONGE & ADELAIDE\n(416) 777-9999\nUNIVERSITY & KING\n(416) 306-1111\nCall\nYONGE & ADELAIDE\n(416) 777-9999\nUNIVERSITY & KING\n(416) 306-1111\nAbout\nAbout Us\nOur Philosophy\nTeam\nPhysiotherapists\nSports Medicine Doctors\nRegistered Massage Therapists\nChiropractors\nNaturopathic Doctors\nPilates Instructors\nErgonomic Evaluator\nAdministrative Staff\nServices\nPhysiotherapy\nChiropractic\nMassage Therapy\nSports Medicine\nMedical Acupuncture\nPelvic Floor Physiotherapy\nPilates\nShockwave Therapy\nActive Release Techniques\nACL Pre & Post Op Care\nFascial Stretch Therapy\nLaser Therapy\nErgonomic Assessments\nOsteoporosis Program\nArthritis Management Services\nGunn IMS\nBodyWorks\nCompression Hosiery\nNaturopathic Medicine\nPre & Post Natal Wellness\nPost-Operative Services\nProducts\nCustom Orthotics\nOff-the-Shelf Bracing\nCustom Knee Bracing\nSelf-Massage\nGeneral Wellness\nHot and Cold Therapy\nFor Patients\nPatient Forms\nFAQs\nInjuries and Conditions\nVideos\nBlog\nHelpful Links\nContact\nGeneral\nWhat is Osteoarthritis?\nJuly 13, 2014 by Rebalance Toronto\nThe word arthritis means inflammation of the joint. While there are many different types of arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form, and it affects more than three million Canadians.\nIn a joint affected by arthritis, the cartilage (a flexible connective tissue which covers and protects the ends of bones) begins to wear down. Cartilage is very important for a joint to function well; it helps absorb shock and allows for smooth movement between bones. When the cartilage wears down in osteoarthritis, this often results in pain, stiffness (especially in the morning), and swelling. Over time, joints affected by osteoarthritis may slowly become bigger, and in severe cases the cartilage may wear away completely and the bones may rub together causing even more pain. The symptoms of pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis often cause the joints to be used less often, which ultimately leads to a weakening of the muscles around the joints. This then becomes a negative cycle because if the muscles are weaker, they are less able to provide support for the joints resulting in increased pressure through the boney surfaces.\nWhat Joints are most Commonly Affected by Osteoarthritis?\nEnd joints of fingers\nMiddle joints of fingers\nJoint at base of thumb\nHips\nKnees\nJoints at base of big toe\nNeck (cervical spine)\nLow back (lumbar spine)\nWhat are the Signs and Symptoms of Osteoarthritis?\nOsteoarthritis usually progresses slowly over a period of months to years. Below are some common symptoms you may experience.\nYou may experience morning stiffness for the first 15-20 minutes after waking up\nAt first, the pain may only occur with high impact activities\nAs the arthritis progresses, pain may be triggered by regular daily activities\nPain is ofter relieved by rest\nYou may experience constant pain, even when you try to sleep at night\nYour joints may swell and you may lose some strength or flexibility in your joints\nYou may experience locking of joints as well as a ‘creaking’ sound when you move them\nYou may see a decrease in range of motion or movement in the joint\nWhat are the Risk Factors for Developing Osteoarthritis\nSome risk factors for developing osteoarthritis include:\nAge: As people age, their risk of developing OA is increased. However, this does not mean that everyone will get OA eventually just because they get older.\nFamily History: Genetics plays a role in the development of OA\nExcess Weight: The more excess weight a person carries around, the more load is going through the joints of their feet, knees, hips and low back.\nJoint Injury: OA can occur in joints that have had previous injury. Sometimes an injury can damage the cartilage in a joint or affect the way the joint moves, making it more susceptible to developing OA in the future.\nWe do not yet know the cause of OA and there is currently no cure for this condition. However, we do know some factors that can put an individual more at risk of developing OA and some of these factors are under our control. We also have many options to help manage OA in joints that have already developed it including physiotherapy and chiropractic care. It is important to keep the muscles around the joint strong and active.\nWhat do you do if you think you have Osteoarthritis?\nIf you think you might have OA, it would be a good idea to discuss this with your family doctor. They will be able to assess your symptoms and send you for any X-rays they deem appropriate to help with a diagnosis. If your doctor believes you have OA, they will educate you on treatment options including medications, physiotherapy or chiropractic care and surgery in severe cases.\nHow can a Physiotherapist or Chiropractor Help with Osteoarthritis?\nPhysiotherapy or Chiropractic are excellent treatment options for people with osteoarthritis. They can help control your pain and maximize your function to optimize your quality of life.\nSome of the key components of a physiotherapy or chiropractic intervention for osteoarthritis are:\nExercise\nYour physiotherapist and/or chiropractor will prescribe specific exercises and stretches to help maximize the range of motion and flexibility in your affected joints. They will also show you exercises to strengthen the muscles that can help protect and support your joints. Your physiotherapist may also recommend some form of low impact exercise, which can help manage your symptoms of pain and stiffness.\nOther Therapeutic Modalities\nPhysiotherapists are skilled in the application of many other modalities which can make a big difference in reducing pain and swelling associated with arthritis. Such modalities include therapeutic ultrasound, laser, interferential current (IFC), TENS, acupuncture, dry needling and Gunn IMS.\nManual Therapy\nPhysiotherapists and Chiropractors are experts in using manual therapy for both joints and soft tissues to help modulate pain and increase range of motion.\nCustom Knee Bracing for Osteoarthritis\nSome trained physiotherapists can measure you for custom knee braces to help with osteoarthritis. We offer the DonJoy Defiance III brace which is highly effective and can help to off load the compartment of the knee affected so you can experience less pain with day to day activities. There are other off the shelf braces that can also help protect your joint and give it support it needs so that the pain can settle and you can begin to strengthen the area.\nHow can you Manage Osteoarthritis at Home?\nHeat and Ice\nApplying heat or ice to affected joints can help relieve local pain. Heat is specifically good for relieving muscles spasms and tightness, as well as promoting range of motion. Ice is specifically good for decreasing swelling and constricting blood flow to an already inflamed joint.\nJoint Protection\nA physiotherapist or chiropractor will educate you about ways you can reduce the stress on your joints with daily activities. Some strategies include:\nMaintaining good posture and using good body mechanics with tasks to help protect the joints in your back and legs.\nChanging position frequently can help reduce the stiffness and pain associated with prolonged positions.\nPacing by alternating heavy tasks with lighter tasks will help reduce stress on your joints and also conserve your energy.\nControlling your weight helps reduce extra stress on weight bearing joints such as the back, hips, knees and feet.\nUsing assistive devices can make daily activities easier and less stressful on your joints and muscles. Your physiotherapist can educate you about the different options. Some examples include grab bars near the toilet or bath tub, a reacher to pick up items from the ground, and a cane to decrease stress on hip or knee joints.\nBracing and/or taping can be especially helpful to unload painful knee joints affected by arthritis.\nThings you can do to Avoid Developing Osteoarthritis?\nIf you injure a joint, be sure to seek help from a professional and complete the appropriate rehabilitation program. This should be done at any age.\nKeep your joints strong and muscles balanced with resistance training followed by a stretching regime.\nMaintain a strong core and postural awareness.\nMaintain a healthy active lifestyle. With balanced rest/activity and a healthy diet.\nIf you have osteoarthritis and are interested in learning more about how a physiotherapist or chiropractor can help you reduce your pain and maximize your function, please contact us today.\nWritten By: Reanna Montopoli, FCAMPT Physiotherapist\nRebalance Toronto\nRebalance Sports Medicine is a multidisciplinary clinic in downtown Toronto offering physiotherapy, chiropractic, registered massage therapy, sports medicine, naturopathy, Pilates and more.\npreviousAre you Fit to Cycle?\nnextSelf-Massage Tips\nInjuries & Conditions We Treat\nHead & Neck Pain\nShoulder Pain\nElbow Pain\nHand & Wrist Pain\nBack Pain\nPelvic Pain\nHip Pain\nKnee Pain\nAnkle & Foot Pain\nNerve Pain\nGeneral Conditions\nActivity Related Injuries\nHead & Neck Pain\nNeck Pain\nCervicogenic Headaches\nWhiplash\nTMJ Disorders\nPostural Syndromes\nDegenerative Disc Disease\nHerniated Disc\nStenosis\nShoulder Pain\nShoulder Pain\nShoulder Dislocations & Instability\nMultidirectional Instability\nRotator Cuff Dysfunction\nBiceps Tendonitis\nFrozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)\nHumerus Fractures\nLabral Tears\nThoracic Outlet Syndrome\nSternoclavicular (SC) Joint Injury\nAcromioclavicular (AC) Joint Injury or Separation\nSnapping Scapula Syndrome\nImpingement Syndrome\nElbow Pain\nElbow Pain\nTennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)\nGolfers Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)\nElbow Dislocation\nFractures of the Arm and Forearm\nElbow Arthritis\nRadial Tunnel Syndrome\nCubital Tunnel Syndrome\nDistal Biceps Rupture\nUlnar Collateral Ligament Sprain\nOlecranon Bursitis\nHand & Wrist Pain\nHand & Wrist Pain\nDuputrens Contracture\nCarpal Tunnel Syndrome\nDeQuervains Tenosynovitis\nScaphoid Fracture\nWrist Fractures\nTriangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Sprain\nSkiers Thumb\nGanglion Cyst\nTrigger Finger\nBack Pain\nBack Pain\nMechanical Back Pain\nRib Dysfunction\nDegenerative Disc Disease\nDisc Bulge\nDisc Herniation\nSpondylolisthesis\nStenosis\nSpondylolysis\nFacet Joint Dysfunction\nScoliosis\nCompression Fractures\nPelvic Pain\nSIJ Dysfunction\nUrinary Incontinence\nPelvic Organ Prolapse\nPiriformis Syndrome\nPelvic Fractures\nPre and Postpartum Related Issues\nInterstitial Cystitis\nHip Pain\nHip Pain\nHip Fractures\nTrochanteric Bursitis\nOsteoarthritis of the Hip\nSnapping Hip Syndrome\nTotal Hip Replacement\nSports Hernias\nLabral Tears\nFemoral Acetabular Impingement (FAI)\nHamstring Tendonopathy\nKnee Pain\nKnee Pain\nTotal Knee Replacements\nBakers Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)\nACL Injury\nMCL Injury\nPCL Injury\nLCL Injury\nIliotibial Band (ITB) Syndrome\nPatellofemoral Syndrome\nFat Pad Syndrome\nOsgood-Schlatter Disease\nPatellar Tendonitis\nPrepatellar Bursitis\nPlica Syndrome\nOsteochondritis Dissecans\nMeniscal Injuries\nAnkle & Foot Pain\nAnkle & Foot Pain\nAnkle Sprain\nAnkle Fracture\nSeasamoiditis\nTarsal Tunnel Syndrome\nAchilles Tendonitis\nPlantar Fasciitis (Heel Pain)\nFlat Foot Deformity\nMorton’s Neuroma\nAnkle Surgery\nShin Splints\nPeroneal Tendonopathy\nMetatarsalgia\nTibialis Posterior Tendonopathy\nNerve Pain\nNerve Pain\nSciatica\nRadiculopathy or Pinched Nerves\nPeripheral Nerve Injuries and Entrapments\nGeneral Conditions\nMuscle Strain\nMuscle Imbalances\nSprain\nTendonitis\nPre and Post Surgical\nFractures\nStress Fractures\nBursitis\nJoint Dislocations\nOsteoarthritis\nRheumatoid Arthritis\nRepetitive Strain Injuries\nCalcific Tendonitis\nOsteoporosis\nChronic Pain\nCompartment Syndrome\nInfertility\nActivity Related Injuries\nRunning Injuries\nDance Injuries\nRugby Injuries\nFootball Injuries\nHockey Injuries\nBaseball Injuries\nSkiing Injuries\nCycling Injuries\nSkating Injuries\nWeight Lifting Injuries\nGolf Injuries\nKickboxing Injuries\nSnowboarding Injuries\nTennis Injuries\nSquash Injuries\nVolleyball Injuries\nWrestling Injuries\nMartial Arts Injuries\nWorking Out Injuries\nOffice Work Related Injuries\nAnd Many More…\nRecent Posts\nApril 4, 2019\nStrengthen Your Core\nApril 3, 2019\nWhat is Nerve Flossing and Why Did My Physiotherapist Give it to Me?\nApril 1, 2019\nMassage Treatment Options for Knee Pain\nMarch 29, 2019\nAcromioclavicular (AC) Joint Sprains and Dislocations\nMarch 29, 2019\nReclaim Your Squat Part 2 - 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2019-04-25T22:37:58Z

"https://rebalancetoronto.com/what-is-osteoarthritis/"

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Evening Primrose Oil: What you should know about it and what are the uses?\nSkip to primary navigation\nSkip to content\nSkip to primary sidebar\nSlick Wellness\nBe Smart. Live Well.\nHome\nBlog\nAdvertise\nContact\nSuggest\nBeauty Tips\nFrugal Living Tips\nGeneral Wellness\nGreen Living\nWeight Loss\nHealthy Recipes\nYou are here: Home / Women's Health / All you need to know about Evening Primrose Oil and its uses\nAll you need to know about Evening Primrose Oil and its uses\nLast Updated on September 21, 2018 by Jane Sheeba Leave a Comment\nTweet\nShare\nShare7\nPin4\n11 Shares\nEvening primrose is a popular plant, native to North America. It has derived its name from the fact that it flowers late in the day and into the evening.\nThe plant can be identified with bright yellow flowers, which last for one to two days.\nWhat makes this plant really well-known are its seeds, the extract of which is used to treat multiple health problems.\nThe extract of evening primrose is called evening primrose oil (EPO).\nThe healing potential of this oil can be attributed to the presence of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in it.\nGLA is an omega-6 fatty acid substance. This fatty acid is found in many other plant seed oils and is known for its medicinal properties.\nEvening primrose is a good source of this seed oil, which people in all parts of the world have been using for generations.\nIn the market and stores, evening primrose oil has wide availability in supplement form.\nUses of evening primrose oil\nThere are many health conditions that using evening primrose oil can help heal. Here are some of them.\nGet Rid of Acne Problems\nEvening primrose oil can help you get rid of acne problems.\nThe GLA content in this plant seed oil reduces skin inflammation and growth of cells that cause lesions.\nPlus, it is blessed with moisturizing properties.\nThis means using evening primrose oil can help you clear your skin of acne as well as help your skin retain moisture, resulting in healthy skin.\nCure Eczema\nEczema is a type of skin disease, which is caused due to a number of factors like abnormality in immune system, environmental changes, defective skin barrier and genetic problems.\nWhether you’re an adult or a child suffering from eczema, you should definitely try using evening primrose oil as it carries the properties to correct the irregularities in the fatty acids found in eczema.\nWhile you have many other conventional medicines that will treat eczema, evening primrose oil is an excellent complementary alternative to go for.\nIt’s a good treatment for people who want to stay away from side-effects that prolonged use of many traditional eczema medicines may result in.\nReduce Breast Pain\nDo you suffer from breast pain during your menstrual cycle? This happens because the breast tissue undergoes changes due to different types of hormones.\nWhile this pain is a common problem, its severity can easily have an impact on your work and life.\nIf your breast pain is wicked or unbearable, using evening primrose oil can prove to be of great help.\nThe presence of gamma-linolenic acid in evening primrose oil doesn’t only reduce inflammation, but it also inhibits prostaglandins, which affects smooth muscle activity.\nTherefore, use of this plant seed oil reduces the severity of cyclical breast pain.\nFor best results, take EPO capsules once everyday for a period of six months, along with vitamin E supplements.\nTreat Nerve Pain\nHave you tried conventional medicines and still have got no relief from nerve pain, particularly the one linked with diabetes?\nIf yes, use of evening primrose oil can be the answer to your prayers.\nIn the beginning, diabetic nerve pain is mild. But if you leave it untreated, it can get worse and spread from your fingers to other parts of the body.\nIf you have tried conventional medicines and have seen no benefits, you should definitely give evening primrose oil a try.\nTake evening primrose oil for 6-12 months for substantial relief from nerve pain.\nIncrease Bone Density\nMany older adults suffer from a health condition called osteoporosis, which refers to decreased bone density.\nPeople with fragile bones have a high risk of fracture, even when the injury is not severe.\nEvening primrose oil, taken along with fish oil and calcium, can show good results in people who suffer from osteoporosis.\nLower Blood Pressure\nAccording to a study published by the NCBI, taking evening primrose oil can also lower high blood pressure.\nIt’s important to keep a close watch on your blood pressure.\nIf you see your blood pressure is reaching unhealthy levels, you should immediately seek medical consultation.\nAlternatively, you can also try taking EPO and monitor the results.\nIf you take 500 mg of EPO twice everyday, you can keep your blood pressure under control. But do let your doctor know about it.\nGet Relief from Bone Pain\nPeople get rheumatoid arthritis due to a troubled immune system.\nIn this health condition, the immune system starts to assault your own body’s tissues. The result is swollen, painful joints.\nIf you suffer from this chronic bone pain, you should start using evening primrose oil instead of taking over-the-counter medicine or turning to different kinds of pain killers which have far-reaching side-effects.\nThe GLA content in evening primrose oil has proven to be quite effective in rheumatoid arthritis.\nWhen using EPO, you don’t have to worry about unwanted side-effects either. Start with 560 mg of EPO everyday and increase the strength later.\nOther Health Conditions that EPO can Treat\nUsing evening primrose oil is a proven, natural way of treating a number of health conditions.\nApart from the ones mentioned above, you can also try EPO to get relief from many other ailments like asthma, obesity, hepatitis B, high cholesterol, liver cancer, psoriasis etc.\nHowever, more research is awaited as these lack any any solid supporting evidence.\nConclusion\nThere are studies and researches that testify the usefulness of evening primrose oil.\nFor people who are scared of side-effects, using primrose oil is a nice alternative for a number of health conditions.\nThink of it as a complementary therapy, not a replacement of your doctor’s treatment plan.\nAs more evidences emerge, it remains to be seen what other aliments EPO can treat.\nBefore you start to use this plant seed oil, it’s advisable to consult your doctor or seek advice from a trained natural health practitioner.\nAlso, whichever health conditions you want to use it for, start with the lowest dose.\nGet FREE tips on beauty, health, wellness and frugal living!\nEnter your Name and Email address below to get started!\nI agree to have my personal information transfered to MailChimp ( more information )\nI will never give away, trade or sell your email address. You can unsubscribe at any time.\nTweet\nShare\nShare7\nPin4\n11 Shares\nFiled Under: General Wellness, Women's Health\nJane Sheeba\nHey, I'm Jane and I love to live frugally! I am keen on taking care of myself (both in terms of internal and external health). I care for the wellness of my family and want to leave a green earth to the coming generations. Find out how you can make use of my interests for your good by reading this blog.\nReader Interactions\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *\nComment\nName *\nEmail *\nWebsite\nSubscribe to comment\nCurrent [email protected] *\nLeave this field empty\nPrimary Sidebar\nGet FREE tips on beauty, health, wellness and frugal living!\nEnter your Name and Email address below to get started!\nI will never give away, trade or sell your email address. You can unsubscribe at any time.\nSearch this site…\nSearch this website\nPOPULAR POSTS\nWhat is oil pulling and how it improves your oral (and overall) health\nIs Vegetable Oil healthy? The scary truth! [And what you can do about it]\nHow To Use Jamaican Black Castor Oil for Your Skin and Hair\nWhat is insulin resistance (syndrome)?\n10 Signs and symptoms of Magnesium deficiency\nHow to drink more water throughout the day even if you are busy?\nHow to use coconut oil for skin and hair care routine?\nThe benefits of Omega 3 and top foods to get it\nHow to get rid of Acne Scars?\nHow to make homemade laundry detergent\n(c) Copyright 2019 Slick Wellness | Design and hosting by Best Hosting And DesignSitemap | Contact\nSlick Wellness is part of Jane Sheeba Media

2019-04-18T12:56:29Z

"https://www.slickwellness.com/evening-primrose-oil/"

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Athlete's Foot\nSkip to Content\nUNC Health CareUNC Sites\nPortalPortal\nUNC Health Care System includes:\nUNC Medical Center\nUNC Children's\nUNC REX Healthcare\nUNC Lenoir Health Care\nChatham Hospital\nJohnston Health\nUNC Rockingham Health Care\nNash UNC Health Care\nPardee Hospital\nCaldwell Memorial Hospital\nWayne UNC Health Care\nOnslow Memorial Hospital\nUNC Physicians Network\nUNC School of Medicine\nWith the Patient Portal you can:\nManage your appointments\nReview medications\nAccess test results\nTrack your health\nSign In\nFirst Time User? Sign Up Now\nFor the visually-impaired, please click here.\nI’m looking for...\nMain Navigation\nAbout Us\nServices\nPatients & Guests\nPhysicians\nCommunity\nCareers\nOur Clinics\nYou are here:\nHome > Health Library > Athlete's Foot\nAthlete's foot: Toe web type\nAthlete's foot: Moccasin type\nAthlete's foot: Vesicular type\nAthlete's Foot\nTopic Overview\nWhat is athlete's foot?\nAthlete's foot is a rash on the skin of the foot. It is the most common fungal skin infection. There are three main types of athlete's foot. Each type affects different parts of the foot and may look different.\nWhat causes athlete's foot?\nAthlete's foot is caused by a fungus that grows on or in the top layer of skin. Fungi (plural of fungus) grow best in warm, wet places, such as the area between the toes.\nAthlete's foot spreads easily. You can get it by touching the toes or feet of a person who has it. But most often, people get it by walking barefoot on contaminated surfaces near swimming pools or in locker rooms. The fungi then grow in your shoes, especially if your shoes are so tight that air cannot move around your feet.\nIf you touch something that has fungi on it, you can spread athlete's foot to other people—even if you don't get the infection yourself. Some people are more likely than others to get athlete's foot. Experts don't know why this is. After you have had athlete's foot, you are more likely to get it again.\nWhat are the symptoms?\nAthlete's foot can make your feet and the skin between your toes burn and itch. The skin may peel and crack. Your symptoms can depend on the type of athlete's foot you have.\nToe web infectionusually occurs between the fourth and fifth toes. The skin becomes scaly, peels, and cracks. Some people also may have an infection with bacteria. This can make the skin break down even more.\nMoccasin type infection may start with a little soreness on your foot. Then the skin on the bottom or heel of your foot can become thick and crack. In bad cases, the toenails get infected and can thicken, crumble, and even fall out. Fungal infection in toenails needs separate treatment.\nVesicular type infection usually begins with a sudden outbreak of fluid-filled blisters under the skin. The blisters are usually on the bottom of the foot. But they can appear anywhere on your foot. You also can get a bacterial infection with this type of athlete's foot.\nHow is athlete's foot diagnosed?\nMost of the time, a doctor can tell that you have athlete's foot by looking at your feet. He or she will also ask about your symptoms and any past fungal infections you may have had. If your athlete's foot looks unusual, or if treatment did not help you before, your doctor may take a skin or nail sample to test for fungi.\nNot all skin problems on the foot are athlete's foot. If you think you have athlete's foot but have never had it before, it's a good idea to have your doctor look at it.\nHow is it treated?\nYou can treat most cases of athlete's foot at home with over-the-counter lotion, cream, or spray. For bad cases, your doctor may give you a prescription for pills or for medicine you put on your skin. Use the medicine for as long as your doctor tells you to. This will help make sure that you get rid of the infection. You also need to keep your feet clean and dry. Fungi need wet, warm places to grow.\nYou can do some things so you don't get athlete's foot again. Wear shower sandals in shared areas like locker rooms, and use talcum powder to help keep your feet dry. Wear sandals or roomy shoes made of materials that allow moisture to escape.\nCause\nAthlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal infection of the skin of the foot. You get athlete's foot when you come in contact with the fungus and it begins to grow on your skin.\nFungi commonly grow on or in the top layer of human skin and may or may not cause infections. Fungi grow best in warm, moist areas, such as the area between the toes.\nAthlete's foot is easily spread (contagious). You can get it by touching the affected area of a person who has it. More commonly, you pick up the fungi from damp, contaminated surfaces, such as the floors in public showers or locker rooms.\nAlthough athlete's foot is contagious, some people are more likely to get it (susceptible) than others. Susceptibility may increase with age. Experts don't know why some people are more likely to get it. After you have had athlete's foot, you are more likely to get it again.\nIf you come in contact with the fungi that cause athlete's foot, you can spread the fungi to others, whether you get the infection or not.\nSymptoms\nAthlete's foot (tinea pedis) symptoms vary from person to person. Although some people have severe discomfort, others have few or no symptoms. Common symptoms include:\nPeeling, cracking, and scaling of the feet.\nRedness, blisters, or softening and breaking down (maceration) of the skin.\nItching, burning, or both.\nToe web infection\nToe web infection (interdigital) is the most common type of athlete's foot. It usually occurs between the two smallest toes. This type of infection:\nOften begins with skin that seems soft and moist and pale white.\nMay cause itching, burning, and a slight odor.\nMay get worse. The skin between the toes becomes scaly, peels, and cracks. If the infection becomes severe, a bacterial infection is usually present, which causes further skin breakdown and a foul odor.\nMoccasin-type infection\nA moccasin-type infection is a long-lasting (chronic) infection. This type of infection:\nMay begin with minor irritation, dryness, itching, burning, or scaly skin.\nProgresses to thickened, scaling, cracked, and peeling skin on the sole or heel. In severe cases, the toenails become infected and can thicken, crumble, and even fall out. For more information, see the topic Fungal Nail Infections.\nMay appear on the palm of the hand (symptoms commonly affect one hand and both feet).\nVesicular infection\nA vesicular infection is the least common type of infection. This type:\nUsually begins with a sudden outbreak of fluid-filled blisters under the skin. The blisters most often develop on the skin of the instep but may also develop between the toes, on the heel, or on the sole or top of the foot.\nSometimes occurs again after the first infection. Infections may occur in the same area or in another area such as the arms, chest, or fingers. You may have scaly skin between eruptions.\nMay also be accompanied by a bacterial infection.\nAthlete's foot is sometimes confused with pitted keratolysis. In this health problem, the skin looks like a \"moist honeycomb.\" It most often occurs where the foot carries weight, such as on the heel and the ball of the foot. Symptoms include feet that are very sweaty and smell bad.\nWhat Happens\nHow athlete's foot (tinea pedis) develops and how well it responds to treatment depends on the type of athlete's foot you have.\nToe web infection\nToe web infections (interdigital) often begin with skin that seems moist and pale white. You may notice itching, burning, and a slight odor. As the infection gets worse, the skin between the toes becomes scaly, peels, and cracks. If the fungal infection becomes severe, a bacterial infection also may develop. This can cause further skin breakdown. The bacterial infection may also infect the lower leg (cellulitis of the lower leg). Toe web infections often result in a sudden vesicular (blister) infection.\nToe web infections respond well to treatment.\nMoccasin-type infection\nMoccasin-type infections may begin with minor irritation, dryness, itching, burning, or scaly skin and progress to thickened, cracked skin on the sole or heel. In severe cases, the toenails become infected and can thicken, crumble, and even fall out. If you do not take preventive measures, this infection often returns. You may also develop an infection on the palm of the hand (symptoms commonly affect one hand and both feet).\nMoccasin-type infections may be long-lasting.\nVesicular infection\nVesicular infections (blisters) usually begin with a sudden outbreak of blisters that become red and inflamed. Blisters sometimes erupt again after the first infection. A bacterial infection may also be present. A vesicular infection often develops from a long-lasting toe web infection. Blisters may also appear on palms, the side of the fingers, and other areas (dermatophytid or id reaction).\nVesicular infections usually respond well to treatment.\nComplications\nIf untreated, skin blisters and cracks caused by athlete's foot can lead to severe bacterial infections. In some types of athlete's foot, the toenails may be infected. For more information, see the topic Fungal Nail Infections.\nAll types of athlete's foot can be treated, but symptoms often return after treatment. Athlete's foot is most likely to return if:\nYou don't take preventive measures and are again exposed to fungi that cause athlete's foot.\nYou don't use antifungal medicine for the prescribed length of time and the fungi are not completely killed.\nThe fungi are not completely killed even after the full course of medicine.\nSevere infections that appear suddenly, and keep returning, can lead to long-lasting infection.\nWhat Increases Your Risk\nAthlete's foot is easily spread (contagious). You can get it by touching the affected area of a person who has it. More commonly, you pick up the fungi from damp, contaminated surfaces, such as the floors in public showers or locker rooms.\nAthlete's foot is contagious, but some people are more likely to get it (susceptible) than others. Susceptibility may increase with age. Experts don't know why some people are more likely to get it. After you have had athlete's foot, you are more likely to get it again.\nIf you aren't susceptible to athlete's foot, you may come in contact with the fungi that cause athlete's foot yet not get an infection. But you can still spread the fungi to others.\nRisk factors you cannot change\nRisk factors you cannot change include:\nBeing male. Men are more susceptible than women.\nHaving a history of being susceptible to fungal infections.\nHaving an impaired immune system (due to conditions such as diabetes or cancer).\nLiving in a warm, damp climate.\nAging. Athlete's foot is more common in older adults. Children rarely get it.\nRisk factors you can change\nRisk factors you can change include:\nAllowing your feet to remain damp.\nWearing tight, poorly ventilated shoes.\nUsing public or shared showers or locker rooms without wearing shower shoes.\nDoing activities that involve being in the water for long periods of time.\nWhen To Call a Doctor\nCall your doctor about a skin infection on your feet if:\nYour feet have severe cracking, scaling, or peeling skin.\nYou have blisters on your feet.\nYou notice signs of bacterial infection, including:\nIncreased pain, swelling, redness, tenderness, or heat.\nRed streaks extending from the affected area.\nDischarge of pus.\nFever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher with no other cause.\nThe infection appears to be spreading.\nYou have diabetes or diseases associated with poor circulation and you get athlete's foot. People who have diabetes are at increased risk of a severe bacterial infection of the foot and leg if they have athlete's foot.\nYour symptoms do not improve after 2 weeks of treatment or are not gone after 4 weeks of treatment with a nonprescription antifungal medicine.\nWatchful waiting\nWatchful waiting is a period of time during which you and your doctor observe your symptoms or condition without using medical treatment. You can usually treat athlete's foot yourself at home. But any persistent, severe, or recurrent infections should be evaluated by your doctor.\nWhen athlete's foot symptoms appear, you can first use a nonprescription product. If your symptoms do not improve after 2 weeks of treatment or have not gone away after 4 weeks of treatment, call your doctor.\nWho to see\nHealth professionals who can diagnose or treat athlete's foot include:\nPhysician assistants.\nNurse practitioners.\nFamily medicine doctors.\nInternal medicine doctors.\nDermatologists.\nPodiatrists.\nExams and Tests\nIn most cases, your doctor can diagnose athlete's foot (tinea pedis) by looking at your foot. He or she will also ask about your symptoms and any previous fungal infections you have had.\nIf your symptoms look unusual or if a previous infection has not responded well to treatment, your doctor may collect a skin or nail sample by lightly scratching the skin with a blade or the edge of a microscope slide, or by trimming a nail. He or she will examine the skin and nail samples using laboratory tests including:\nKOH (potassium hydroxide) preparation, to confirm the presence of fungi.\nFungal culture, to identify the type of fungus present.\nIn rare cases, a skin biopsy will be done by removing a small piece of skin that will be looked at under a microscope.\nTreatment Overview\nHow you treat athlete's foot (tinea pedis) depends on its type and severity. Most cases of athlete's foot can be treated at home using an antifungal medicine to kill the fungus or slow its growth.\nNonprescription antifungals usually are used first. These include clotrimazole (Lotrimin), miconazole (Micatin), terbinafine (Lamisil), and tolnaftate (Tinactin). Nonprescription antifungals are applied to the skin (topical medicines).\nPrescription antifungals may be tried if nonprescription medicines are not successful or if you have a severe infection. Some of these medicines are topical antifungals, which are put directly on the skin. Examples include butenafine (Mentax), clotrimazole, and naftifine (Naftin). Prescription antifungals can also be taken as a pill, which are called oral antifungals. Examples of oral antifungals include fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), and terbinafine (Lamisil).\nFor severe athlete's foot that doesn't improve, your doctor may prescribe oral antifungal medicine (pills). Oral antifungal pills are used only for severe cases, because they are expensive and require periodic testing for dangerous side effects. Athlete's foot can return even after antifungal pill treatment.\nEven if your symptoms improve or stop shortly after you begin using antifungal medicine, it is important that you complete the full course of medicine. This increases the chance that athlete's foot will not return. Reinfection is common, and athlete's foot needs to be fully treated each time symptoms develop.\nToe web infections\nToe web (interdigital) infections occur between the toes, especially between the fourth and fifth toes. This is the most common type of athlete's foot infection.\nTreat mild to moderate toe web infections by keeping your feet clean and dry and using nonprescription antifungal creams or lotions.\nIf a severe infection develops, your doctor may prescribe a combination of topical antifungal creams plus either oral or topical antibiotic medicines.\nMoccasin-type infections\nMoccasin-type athlete's foot causes scaly, thickened skin on the sole and heel of the foot. Often the toenails become infected (onychomycosis). A moccasin-type infection can be more difficult to treat, because the skin on the sole of the foot is very thick.\nNonprescription medicines may not penetrate the thick skin of the sole well enough to cure moccasin-type athlete's foot. In this case, a prescription topical antifungal medicine that penetrates the sole, such as ketoconazole, may be used.\nPrescription oral antifungal medicines are sometimes needed to cure moccasin-type athlete's foot.\nVesicular infections\nVesicular infections, or blisters, usually appear on the foot instep but can also develop bet een the toes, on the sole of the foot, on the top of the foot, or on the heel. This type of fungal infection may be accompanied by a bacterial infection. This is the least common type of infection.\nTreatment of vesicular infections may be done at your doctor's office or at home.\nYou can dry out the blisters at home by soaking your foot in nonprescription Burow's solution several times a day for 3 or more days until the blister area is dried out. After the area is dried out, use a topical antifungal cream as directed. You can also apply compresses using Burow's solution.\nIf you also have a bacterial infection, you will most likely need an oral antibiotic.\nEven when treated, athlete's foot often returns. This is likely to happen if:\nYou don't take preventive measures and are again exposed to the fungi that cause athlete's foot.\nYou don't use antifungal medicine for the specified length of time and the fungi are not completely killed.\nThe fungi are not completely killed even after the full course of medicine.\nYou can prevent athlete's foot by:\nKeeping your feet clean and dry.\nDry between your toes after swimming or bathing.\nWear shoes or sandals that allow your feet to breathe.\nWhen indoors, wear socks without shoes.\nWear socks to absorb sweat. Change your socks twice a day.\nUse talcum or antifungal powder on your feet.\nAllow your shoes to air for at least 24 hours before you wear them again.\nWearing shower sandals in public pools and showers.\nWhat to think about\nYou may choose not to treat athlete's foot if your symptoms don't bother you and you have no health problems that increase your chance of severe foot infection, such as diabetes. But untreated athlete's foot that causes skin blisters or cracks can lead to severe bacterial infection. Also, if you don't treat athlete's foot, you can spread it to other people.\nSevere infections that appear suddenly (acute) usually respond well to treatment. Long-lasting (chronic) infections can be more difficult to cure.\nToenail infections (onychomycosis) that can develop with athlete's foot tend to be more difficult to cure than fungal skin infections. For more information, see the topic Fungal Nail Infections.\nPrevention\nYou can prevent athlete's foot (tinea pedis) by:\nKeeping your feet clean and dry.\nDry between your toes after swimming or bathing.\nWear shoes or sandals that allow your feet to breathe.\nWhen indoors, wear socks without shoes.\nWear socks to absorb sweat. Change your socks twice a day.\nUse talcum or antifungal powder on your feet.\nAllow your shoes to air for at least 24 hours before you wear them again.\nWearing shower sandals in public pools and showers.\nIf you have athlete's foot, dry your groin area before your feet after bathing. Also, put on your socks before your underwear. This can prevent fungi from spreading from your feet to your groin, which may cause jock itch. For more information about jock itch, see the topic Ringworm of the Skin.\nTips to prevent athlete's foot recurrence\nAlways finish the full course of any antifungal medicine (cream or pills). Live fungi remain on your skin for days after your symptoms have disappeared. The chances of killing athlete's foot are greatest when you treat it for the prescribed period of time.\nWashing clothes in soapy, warm water may not kill the fungi that cause athlete's foot. Use hot water and bleach to increase the chance of killing fungi on your clothes.\nYou can help prevent recurrence of a toe web infection by using powder to keep your feet dry, using lamb's wool between the toes (to separate them), and wearing wider, roomier shoes that have not been infected by fungi. Lamb's wool is available at most pharmacies or foot care stores.\nHome Treatment\nYou can usually treat athlete's foot (tinea pedis) yourself at home by using nonprescription medicines and taking care of your feet. But if you have diabetes and develop athlete's foot, or have persistent, severe, or recurrent infections, see your doctor.\nNonprescription medicines\nNonprescription antifungals include clotrimazole (Lotrimin), miconazole (Micatin), terbinafine (Lamisil), and tolnaftate (Tinactin). These medicines are creams, lotions, solutions, gels, sprays, ointments, swabs, or powders that are applied to the skin (topical medicine). Treatment will last from 1 to 6 weeks.\nIf you have a vesicular (blister) infection, soak your foot in Burow's solution several times a day for 3 or more days until the blister fluid is gone. After the fluid is gone, use an antifungal cream as directed. You can also apply compresses using Burow's solution.\nTo prevent athlete's foot from returning, use the full course of all medicine as directed, even after symptoms have gone away.\nAvoid using hydrocortisone cream on a fungal infection, unless your doctor prescribes it.\nFoot care\nGood foot care helps treat and prevent athlete's foot.\nKeep your feet clean and dry.\nDry between your toes after swimming or bathing.\nWear shoes or sandals that allow your feet to breathe.\nWhen indoors, wear socks without shoes.\nWear socks to absorb sweat. Change your socks twice a day.\nUse talcum or antifungal powder on your feet.\nAllow your shoes to air for at least 24 hours before you wear them again.\nWear shower sandals in public pools and showers.\nIf you have athlete's foot, dry your groin area before your feet after bathing. Also, put on your socks before your underwear. This can prevent fungi from spreading from your feet to your groin, which may cause jock itch. For more information about jock itch, see the topic Ringworm of the Skin.\nYou may choose not to treat athlete's foot if your symptoms don't bother you and you have no health problems that increase your risk of severe foot infection, such as diabetes. But an untreated athlete's foot infection causing skin blisters or cracks can lead to severe bacterial infection. Also, if you don't treat athlete's foot infection, you can spread it to other people.\nMedications\nAntifungal medicines that are used on the skin (topical) are usually the first choice for treating athlete's foot (tinea pedis). They are available in prescription or nonprescription forms. Nonprescription medicines are usually tried first.\nFor severe cases of athlete's foot, your doctor may prescribe oral antifungals (pills). But treatment with this medicine is expensive, requires periodic testing for dangerous side effects, and does not guarantee a cure.\nWhen you are treating athlete's foot, it is important that you use the full course of the medicine. Using it as directed, even after the symptoms go away, increases the likelihood that you will kill the fungi and that the infection will not return.\nMedicine choices\nNonprescription antifungals are usually tried first. These include clotrimazole (Lotrimin), miconazole (Micatin), terbinafine (Lamisil), and tolnaftate (Tinactin).\nPrescription antifungals may be tried if nonprescription medicines do not help or if you have a severe infection. Some of these medicines are topical antifungals, which are put directly on the skin. Examples include butenafine (Mentax), clotrimazole, and naftifine (Naftin). Prescription antifungals can also be taken as a pill, which are called oral antifungals. Examples of oral antifungals include fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), and terbinafine (Lamisil).\nWhat to think about\nYou may choose not to treat athlete's foot if your symptoms don't bother you and you have no health problems that increase your risk of severe foot infection, such as diabetes. But an untreated athlete's foot infection causing skin blisters or cracks can lead to severe bacterial infection. Also, if you don't treat athlete's foot, you can spread it to other people.\nIf your symptoms do not improve after 2 weeks of treatment or have not gone away after 4 weeks of treatment, call your doctor.\nSome topical antifungal medicines work faster (1 to 2 weeks) than other topical medicines (4 to 8 weeks). All of the faster-acting medicines have similar cure rates.footnote 1 The fast-acting medicines may cost more than the slower-acting ones, but you use less of these medicines to fully treat a fungal infection. Oral antifungal medicines are typically taken for 2 to 8 weeks.\nOther Treatment\nTea tree oil or garlic (ajoene) may help prevent or treat athlete's foot (tinea pedis) fungi. Burow's solution is helpful for treating blisterlike (vesicular) infection.\nTea tree oil is an antifungal and antibacterial agent derived from the Australian Melaleuca alternifolia tree. Although it reduces fungi and resulting symptoms, tea tree oil may not completely kill off the infection.footnote 2\nAjoene is an antifungal compound found in garlic. It is sometimes used to treat athlete's foot.\nCompresses or foot soaks using nonprescription Burow's solution can help soothe and dry out blisterlike (vesicular) athlete's foot. After the blister fluid is gone, you can use antifungal creams or prescription antifungal pills.\nRelated Information\nRingworm of the Skin\nTea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia)\nFungal Nail Infections\nRingworm of the Scalp or Beard\nReferences\nCitations\nCrawford F (2009). Athlete's foot, search date July 2008. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.\nMurray MT, Pizzorno JE Jr (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree). In JE Pizzorno Jr, MT Murray, eds., Textbook of Natural Medicine, vol. 1, chap. 104, pp. 1053–1056. St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.\nOther Works Consulted\nHabif TP (2010). Tinea of the foot section of Superficial fungal infections. In Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy, 5th ed., pp. 495–497. Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier.\nHabif TP, et al. (2011). Tinea of the foot (tinea pedis). In Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd ed., pp. 269–272. Edinburgh: Saunders.\nWolff K, Johnson RA. (2009). Tinea pedis section of Fungal infections of the skin and hair. In Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 6th ed., pp. 692–701. New York: McGraw-Hill.\nCredits\nCurrent as ofApril 17, 2018\nAuthor: Healthwise Staff\nMedical Review: Patrice Burgess, MD, FAAFP - Family Medicine\nAdam Husney, MD - Family Medicine\nMartin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine\nElizabeth T. Russo, MD - Internal Medicine\nEllen K. Roh, MD - Dermatology\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nCause\nPrevious Section:\nTopic Overview\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nSymptoms\nPrevious Section:\nCause\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nWhat Happens\nPrevious Section:\nSymptoms\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nWhat Increases Your Risk\nPrevious Section:\nWhat Happens\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nWhen To Call a Doctor\nPrevious Section:\nWhat Increases Your Risk\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nExams and Tests\nPrevious Section:\nWhen To Call a Doctor\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nTreatment Overview\nPrevious Section:\nExams and Tests\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nPrevention\nPrevious Section:\nTreatment Overview\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nHome Treatment\nPrevious Section:\nPrevention\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nMedications\nPrevious Section:\nHome Treatment\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nOther Treatment\nPrevious Section:\nMedications\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nRelated Information\nPrevious Section:\nOther Treatment\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nReferences\nPrevious Section:\nRelated Information\nTop of Page\nNext Section:\nCredits\nPrevious Section:\nReferences\nTop of Page\nCurrent as of: April 17, 2018\nAuthor: Healthwise Staff\nMedical Review:Patrice Burgess, MD, FAAFP - Family Medicine & Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Martin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine & Elizabeth T. Russo, MD - Internal Medicine & Ellen K. Roh, MD - Dermatology\nCrawford F (2009). Athlete's foot, search date July 2008. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.\nMurray MT, Pizzorno JE Jr (2006). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree). In JE Pizzorno Jr, MT Murray, eds., Textbook of Natural Medicine, vol. 1, chap. 104, pp. 1053-1056. St. Louis: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.\nThis information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Learn how we develop our content.\nTo learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.org.\n© 1995-2018 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.\nSymptom Checker\nFeeling under the weather?\nUse our interactive symptom checker to evaluate your symptoms and determine appropriate action or treatment.\nInteractive Tools\nGet started learning more about your health!\nOur Interactive Tools can help you make smart decisions for a healthier life. You'll find personal calculators and tools for health and fitness, lifestyle checkups, and pregnancy.\nTop\nNotification of Privacy Incident\nContact Us\nAbout Us\nNews\nDonate Now\nEmployment\nHealth Library\nUNC Rockingham Health Care\n117 E Kings Hwy\nEden, NC, 27288\n(336) 623-9711\nStaff Login\nDisclaimer\nNotice of Privacy Practices\nInformacion a los Pacientes\nNondiscrimination Notice\nAviso de no Discriminación\nCopyright 2019 UNC Health Care. All rights reserved.

2019-04-24T15:53:48Z

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Vitiligo Remedies - ProgressiveHealth.com\nOur Products\nAbout Us\nContact Us!\nHello Sign In\nYour Account\nView My\nCart\nFeatured Product\nGET RID OF WHITE SPOTS ON YOUR ARMS AND LEGS\n*Callumae is a Vitiligo Remedy designed to help get rid of white spots on your skin. Use in conjunction with light therapy (or natural sun light) to help get the most repigmentation to your skin.\nLEARN MORE\nPopular Articles\nCallumae Supplement Facts\nRepigment the Skin with These Supplements\nVitiligo Home Remedies\nWhite Spots on Arms\nCallumae: Frequently Asked Questions\nVitiligo Cover Up\nDo You Have White Spots on Your Legs?\nVitiligo Organics\nPhenylalanine for White Patches\nVitiligo\nFeatured Product\nGET RID OF WHITE SPOTS ON YOUR ARMS AND LEGS\n*Callumae is a Vitiligo Remedy designed to help get rid of white spots on your skin. Use in conjunction with light therapy (or natural sun light) to help get the most repigmentation to your skin.\nLEARN MORE\nVitiligo Remedies\nIn This Article\n1 Medicinal Properties of Vitiligo Remedies\n1.1 Antioxidant Property\n1.2 Immunomodulatory Property\n2 Natural Remedies for Vitiligo\n2.1 Vitamin B6\n2.2 Vitamin B12\n2.3 Folic Acid\n2.4 L-Phenylalanine\n2.5 Alpha Lipoic Acid\n2.6 Ginkgo biloba\n2.7 Ammi visnaga and other Psoralen-containing Plants\n2.8 Picrorhiza kurroa\n2.9 Homeopathic Remedies\nPin it\n«\n0\nNatural remedies are also effective for treating vitiligo. They are safer than conventional medications. Read on to find out the natural remedies that have been proven to be effective in the treatment of vitiligo.\nVitiligo affects 1 – 2% of the population. It is a skin pigmentation disorder that results when the falling population of melanocytes (the special skin cells found in the epidermis that produce the skin pigment, melanin) causes a reduction in melanin production.\nThe main presentation of vitiligo is the white patches that appear on the skin. These vitiligo lesions are not ulcerative or infectious. In fact, the only property of the skin changed by vitiligo is the color.\nVitiligo patches may stay localized or spread to different parts of the body.\nThe change in skin color may cause emotional distress. Therefore, the psychosocial impact of vitiligo is increasingly considered important.\nQuite a number of factors may cause the progressive destruction of melanocytes. The most important ones are listed below.\nCauses of Vitiligo\nAutoimmune attack on melanocytes\nIntrinsic defects in melanocytes\nOxidative stress in the skin\nProlonged exposure to toxic chemicals\nNerve damage\nGenetic predisposition\nConventional medicine provides a number of treatment options for vitiligo. The first line of treatment is usually topical steroids. Due to the side effects of steroid creams and its moderate success, other topical products such as tacrolimus or calcipotriol can serve as alternatives.\nFast spreading vitiligo may require to be treated with ultraviolet irradiation.\nPUVA was the first such light therapy to be used. It has now been mostly replaced by newer therapies such as narrow band UVB and excimer laser.\nPUVA means psoralen and UVA therapy. Psoralen is a photosensitive drug that is taken or rubbed on the skin a few hours before UVA irradiation. When UVA is directed on vitiligo patches, it activates psoralen which darkens the skin.\nNarrow band UVB, on the other hand, uses only a narrow range of UVB spectrum. Therefore, it is safe and does not have any of the side effects of psoralen.\nStill, light therapies are expensive and time-consuming.\nWhen light therapies fail to arrest depigmentation of the skin and achieve extensive repigmentation, surgical procedures such as autologous skin graft and autologous melanocyte transplants are used. These are even more expensive.\nIn contrast, natural remedies are safer and come with lesser side effects. Furthermore, quite a number of them have been investigated for and proven to be effective for treating vitiligo.\nThese natural vitiligo remedies include vitamins, amino acids and herbal extracts.\nIn fact, some conventional vitiligo medicine are actually derived from some of these remedies (examples are vitamin D analogs and psoralen derived from plants).\nMedicinal Properties of Vitiligo Remedies\nThere is a common thread running through all of the natural remedies used in the treatment of vitiligo. This is the set of medicinal properties these remedies possess.\nGenerally, the natural remedies used in the treatment of vitiligo possess one or both antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.\nAntioxidant Property\nAntioxidants block the effects of oxidizing compounds such as reactive oxygen species and harmful free radicals.\nEssentially, antioxidants prevent the oxidation of cellular structures.\nThis action protects cells from destruction. Therefore, in the case of vitiligo, antioxidants prevent melanocytes from being destroyed by harmful free radicals and reactive oxygen species produced from cellular metabolism in the skin.\nSince oxidative stress is an important cause of vitiligo, this medicinal property is important. Therefore, remedies with antioxidant properties can contribute to the protection of melanocytes and ensure continual production of melanin.\nIdeally, the skin contains natural antioxidants. One example is the antioxidant enzyme called catalase.\nHowever, most vitiligo patients usually have low levels of catalase. Therefore, the melanocytes loses some of their antioxidant protections.\nAnother clinical evidence for the oxidative stress theory is the high level of oxidized compounds in the areas of the skin affected by vitiligo.\nFor example, the accumulation of 2 oxidized pteridines is taken as evidence of increased oxidative stress on the skin. These oxidized compounds give off blue or yellow-green glow when examined under special fluorescent lamps.\nImmunomodulatory Property\nThe immunomodulatory property is useful for preventing the autoimmune cause of vitiligo.\nThe autoimmune theory is the most popular proposed cause of vitiligo among clinicians, and it is backed by a number of clinical evidences.\nAccording to this theory, the progressive destruction of melanocytes occurs when the body sees those melanocytes as foreign bodies and then dispatches immune cells to get rid of them. This theory is backed by the presence of circulating melanocyte-specific antibodies in vitiligo patients.\nIn addition, activated CD8+ T cells have been found in vitiligo lesions.\nTherefore, the autoimmune attack on melanocytes involves both humoral and cellular immunity.\nThe autoimmune theory also accounts for the cases of vitiligo patients who also present with other autoimmune disorders such as thyroid dysfunction, alopecia areata and diabetes mellitus.\nTherefore, remedies with the ability to suppress and/or modulate the immune system are effective for stopping the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes.\nNatural Remedies for Vitiligo\nVitamin B6\nVitamin B6 or pyridoxine is a member of the B complex family. It is an important cofactor in a number of biochemical processes including the syntheses of amino acids, glucose and neurotransmitters.\nVitamin B6 deficiency causes several skin diseases including seborrheic dermatitis and ulceration.\nHowever, vitamin B6 is useful in vitiligo treatment for 2 reasons: it modulates the expression of certain genes and it reduces the level of homocysteine by converting it to cysteine.\nBy modulating the immune system, it may be possible for vitamin B6 to prevent the autoimmune attack on melanocytes or correcting the genetic defects that contribute to the development of vitiligo.\nBy converting homocysteine to cysteine, vitamin B6 may prevent the breakdown of homocysteine to reactive free radicals that can damage melanocytes.\nVitamin B12\nVitamin B12 is also called cobalamin. It is also a member of the B complex family and, like vitamin B6, it is involved in a lot of biochemical processes in the body.\nLike vitamin B6, vitamin B12 prevents the accumulation of homocysteine and its release of harmful free radical. Instead, vitamin B12 catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine to methionine.\nTherefore, vitamin B12 reduces the oxidative stress in the skin and protect melanocytes from oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species and free radicals.\nFolic Acid\nFolic acid is also called vitamin B9. Like for vitamin B12, vitiligo patients usually have low levels of this B vitamin.\nBy a similar mechanism, folic acid prevents the accumulation of homocysteine and the harmful breakdown production released from it. However, this B vitamin is also needed to supply certain chemical groups to the precursors used in the production of tyrosine and then melanin.\nL-Phenylalanine\nL-phenylalanine is the amino acid used for synthesizing neurotransmitters such as dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. However, more importantly, L-phenylalanine is the direct precursor of tyrosine which is then used for synthesizing melanin in the skin.\nL-phenylalanine produces better results in vitiligo treatment when combined with UV radiation either from exposure to sunlight or special UV lamps.\nAlpha Lipoic Acid\nAlpha lipoic acid is an organosulfur compound reputed to have antioxidant properties. It antioxidant properties was shown to be strong enough to prevent the symptoms of vitamins A and E deficiencies.\nAlpha lipoic acid mops up reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. A more active form of this compound is actually the reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid or DHLA. However both lipoic acid and DHLA are absorbed into cells\nTherefore, alpha lipoic acid is an excellent compound to help reduce the oxidative stress in the skin and prevent the destruction of melanocytes by harmful free radicals.\nGinkgo biloba\nGinkgo is a well-studied herbal extract in the treatment of vitiligo. It possesses both antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.\nA number of clinical trials of ginkgo extracts have shown that this plant can stop further depigmentation of the skin and promote extensive repigmentation too.\nAmmi visnaga and other Psoralen-containing Plants\nAmmi visnaga is also called khella or bisnaga. It belongs in the carrot family and is part of a wide group of plants containing the coumarin compound called psoralen.\nPsoralen is the photosensitizing compound used in PUVA vitiligo therapy along with ultraviolet A radiation. It darkens the skin upon ultraviolet irradiation and even the ancients used psoralen-containing plants to treat vitiligo in this way.\nOther herbal remedies containing psoralen are obtained from fennel, carrot, parsnip, celery and Psoralea corylifolia. All of these plants are used as home remedies for treating vitiligo.\nPicrorhiza kurroa\nThis is a perennial medicinal plant commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine for its ability to treat immune dysfunction.\nIt has an immunomodulatory properties and has been demonstrated to be effective in vitiligo treatment when combined with psoralen compounds.\nHomeopathic Remedies\nBesides these natural remedies used in traditional medicine, there are other vitiligo remedies used by homeopaths to treat vitiligo.\nHomeopaths access the constitution of each patients and not only the physical symptoms of a disease.\nTherefore, vitiligo is believed to be a deep-seated disorder in homeopathy. Other factors such as emotions, behavior, personality and psychosocial response carry equal weight as the symptoms when homeopaths prescribe remedies for diseases.\nSince homeopathic remedies are never general for any disease but rather individualized for each patients, a definitive list of homeopathic remedies for vitiligo cannot be compiled. However, it is possible to draw up a list of commonly used homeopathic remedies in vitiligo treatment.\nHomeopathic Remedies for Vitiligo\nKali Carbonicum\nArsenicum Sulfuratum Flavum\nNutricum Acidum\nSyphillinum\nSilica\nSulfur\nSepia\nPhosphorus\nCarcinocin\nSources\nhttp://www.raysahelian.com/vitiligo.html\nhttp://www.homemademedicine.com/home-remedies-vitiligo.html\nhttp://www.picturesvitiligo.com/vitiligo_home_remedies.html\nhttp://www.howtocurevitiligofast.com/blog/top-3-vitiligo-home-remedies/\nhttp://whitepatchesonskin-leucodermaremedy.blogspot.com/2012/05/home-remedies-for-vitiligo-natural.html\nhttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vitiligo/DS00586/DSECTION=alternative-medicine\nhttp://health.sify.com/ayurveda-qa-home-remedies-for-vitiligo/\nhttp://www.homeremedycentral.com/en/natural-cures/home-remedy/vitiligo.html\n[+] Show All\nNext Article: Vitiligo\nCopyright © 2019 - progressivehealth.com - All Rights Reserved\nHome\n|\nGuarantee\n|\nPrivacy Policy\n|\nArticles\n|\nAffiliate Program\n|\nSite-Map

2019-04-25T10:10:42Z

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Your fight or flight response is a biological process that allows you to respond to a potential threatening situation keeping you safe from harm.\nHowever if you’re experiencing long periods of anxiety, studies have shown uncontrolled overactivity of your fight or flight response can become less effective, leading to changes in your brain and your overall mental health and wellbeing.\nWhich Anxiety symptoms can someone experience?\nSymptoms of anxiety are caused by a heightened fight or flight biological response causing various physical and emotional changes in your body.\nPhysical symptoms\nHaving a fast heart rate\nFeeling sick\nShaking (tremor)\nSweating\nDry mouth\nChest pain\nHeadaches\nFast breathing\nDilated pupils\nEmotional symptoms\nIrritability\nForgetfulness\nLack of focus\nDifficulty concentrating\nFeeling apprehensive, tense or jumpy\nDifficulty falling asleep or poor quality of sleep\nFatigue\nIf you are experiencing prolonged anxiety, your body will continue to experience changes emotional or physical symptoms over periods of time, eventually affecting your overall mental health and wellbeing.\nAnxiety can also be a symptom from an underlying medical disorder, such as:\nPhobia, such as agoraphobia\nPost-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD)\nGeneralized anxiety disorder\nSocial anxiety\nPanic disorder\nObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)\nAnxiety disorders are diagnosed by a health professional using guidelines called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (current known as DSM-V).\nBenefits of relieving anxiety with supplements\nThere is good scientific evidence suggesting supplements can help to relieve anxiety. Some supplements can help you regain control of your fight or flight response, in turn controlling your mental health.\nResearch indicates the following herbs and supplements can help relieve anxiety:\nGlycine is an amino acid that improves brain function\nGABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) is a neurotransmitter in your brain that can slow down an overactive brain\nTryptophan is an amino acid that is a precursor to neurotransmitters that promote calming\nL-Theanine releases neurotransmitters and boosts GABA activity in your brain\nTaurine helps improve nerve function by activating receptors in your brain\nL-Lysine is an amino acid that also is a precursor to neurotransmitters involved in stress and anxiety\nAshwagandha helps your body adapt to stress\nRhodiola rosea can help to improve performance and mood under stress\nNiacinamide is a form of Vitamin B3 and can help you feel calm and therefore reduces anxiety.\nVitamin B6 (Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate) helps your nervous system and helps with headaches.\nMagnesium is a mineral that helps relax muscles in your body and activating nerve receptors in your brain for GABA\nGABA and anxiety\nGABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) is a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain overactivity if it is working too fast, such as when you have anxiety. The result induces a feeling of relaxation. GABA works by counterbalancing the action of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate when you are stressed or anxious.\nAlthough research has found that GABA may not cross the blood brain barrier, studies have found increasing your levels of GABA can help to control anxiety. GABA levels are also balanced by supplements taurine, L-theanine, vitamins B6 and magnesium.\nGABA can help to:\nDecrease your body’s response to stress\nHave a calming effect\nHinders the transmission of nerve impulses in your brain\nRhodiola rosea for anxiety\nRhodiola rosea, also known as Golden Root or Arctic Root, is a perennial flowering plant that can help to improve performance and mood if you’re experiencing stress or anxiety.\nA small study found participants, who took rhodiola over ten weeks, had improved symptoms of anxiety, with minimal side effects. Participants had been diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD) using the DSM-V criteria.\nAccording to the researchers, Rhodiola rosea has been found to improve mood, enhance energy, alertness and has been considered a natural alternative to alleviate stress, reducing anxiety and depression. It works by normalizing your body’s natural response to a variety of stressors.\nRhodiola rosea can help to:\nReduce symptoms of anxiety, such as fatigue and irritability\nTreat chronic anxiety disorders, such as GAD\nNormalize your response to stress\nL-Theanine and anxiety\nL-Theanine, is an amino acid present in green tea that helps to bring on feelings of calm and relaxation. L-Theanine is one of the most common treatments for anxiety and can sharpen mental focus and calm anxiety at the same time.\nL-Theanine increases levels of the neurotransmitter GABA that are released by the brain and inhibit nerve stimulation in your brain. A small double-blind placebo controlled study found participants who took L-Theanine at different time periods during acute stress from a mental arithmetic task, could alleviate symptoms of stress while completing this short task compared to placebo.\nResearchers suggested participants’ improved symptoms (such as a reduced heart rate) may indicate that L-Theanine also inhibited the sympathetic nervous system’s ‘flight or fight’ response biological surge of adrenalin, which causes the increased heart rate during periods of anxiety.\nL-Theanine can help to:\nSharpen mental focus\nIncrease feelings of calm\nHelps to produce alpha waves in the brain associated with a waking relaxation and alertness\nWho can benefit from taking a supplement to relieve anxiety?\nHerbs and supplements can help you relieve symptoms of anxiety if you’re experiencing periods of stress or have an anxiety disorder.\nSupplements can help you if you’re finding medication or lifestyle changes alone are not helping your symptoms or your ability to cope with stress.\nSupplementation may be beneficial if you’re experiencing any of the following:\nFinding it difficult to cope with stressful situations\nConstant, prolonged or excessive worry or tension\nAvoidance behavior that could bring on anxiety\nPanic or anxiety attacks or fear of these attacks\nPhysical or emotional symptoms of anxiety\nDo anxiety supplements have side effects?\nGABA has not been shown to have any side-effects\nRhodiola rose and L-Theanine are considered safe and there are no known associated long-term side effects.\nAnxiety supplement contraindications and cautions\nNo studies have been done to examine whether supplements containing GABA, Rhodiola rosea and L-Theanine are safe for pregnant and lactating women and children. Therefore you should ask your physician if the intake is possible.\nAdditionally, GABA should be used cautiously in people with liver or kidney disease, or if you’re taking any drugs that affects the GABA pathways in the brain. These drugs include barbiturates and benzodiazepines.\nIf you’re unsure whether you may benefit from taking a supplement to help relieve anxiety, always consult your healthcare professional.\nWhy take a supplement for anxiety?\nAnxiety that occurs unrelated to a trigger or over a long period of time, can affect your overall mental health and wellbeing. Although anxiety can be a natural reaction to stress, if you feel you have uncontrolled anxiety, supplements may offer you a source of relief.\nControlling anxiety will also help you to:\nDecrease stress hormones levels\nImprove your mood\nIncrease your energy levels\nHave stronger and more satisfying relationships\nDecrease negative thinking and worries about worse case scenarios\nOverall improve your quality of life\nAshwagandha\nAshwagandha has been used medicinally in India for 5,000 years as a means of restoring vitality. Ashwagandha bestows inner strength and calm, increases energy, vitality and performance, is a natural aphrodisiac, rejuvenates the body and mind, and promotes longevity.\nMore information on Ashwagandha ›\nL-Theanine\nL-Theanine is just as calming as meditation. It increases energy without leeching, relaxes without making you sleepy and motivates without making you hyped up. The effects are relaxation, regeneration, enhanced concentration and a feeling of well-being. L-Theanine is an amino acid found in green tea, which stimulates alpha waves in the brain.\nMore information on L-Theanine ›\nOmega 3\nOmega 3 is known as the wonder-worker among vital substances because it has such a positive effect on health in general. Research shows that omega 3 helps to prevent heart disease, normalize blood pressure and reduce cholesterol, and to relieve joint pain, chronic inflammation, migraines, depression and many other conditions.\nMore information on Omega 3 ›\n5-HTP\n5-HTP relaxes the mind and body and helps us to sleep better. It is recommended in cases of depression and anxiety, for inner restlessness and tension, for migraine and chronic headaches, and for cravings, aching muscles and feelings of aggression. 5-HTP is also a natural way to increase the levels of serotonin and melatonin.\nMore information on 5-HTP ›\nMagnesium\nMagnesium is involved in the formation of more than 300 vital enzymes in our body, which shows how important magnesium is for our physical strength and energy. Magnesium relaxes muscles and prevents muscle spasms. It is a natural anti-stress remedy, regulates blood pressure and protects against irregular heartbeats. Magnesium is the most valuable mineral of our time.\nMore information on Magnesium ›\nMultivitamins\nDon't leave your vitality and health to chance. Studies show that the effects of a Vitamin deficiency have a greater impact on health than was previously believed. A good multivitamin supplement ensures that you are provided with all the essential vital substances. Millions of people take multivitamins every day to safeguard their health.\nMore information on Multivitamins ›\nVitamin B\nThe latest research shows that B Vitamins are particularly important for a long and healthy life. They boost energy and performance, and are crucial for a radiant skin, strong, healthy hair, and the cardiovascular system. If you are constantly under stress, you especially need a large amount of B Vitamins. They help us to cope with stress easier, calm our nerves and boost our mental energy.\nMore information on Vitamin B ›\nCustomers about us\nExcellent\n5.0 / 5\nKatharina: \"Fast shipping and a good product lineup in stock, as seen in the catalog they send with your order. \"\nJul 28, 2014\nZoran: \"Many thanks for the free catalogs, the products you ship are described and explained very well. It’s pretty rare to come across such a huge offering of great products. 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2019-04-21T16:07:19Z

"https://www.vitaminexpress.org/en/anxiety?___SID=U"

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What is arthritis? Remedies and treatments - Reader's Digest\nSubscribe\nNewsletter Sign-up\nContact Us\nAdvertise with us\nMagazine\nPodcast\nMoney\nLifestyle\nFun & Games\nFood & Drink\nCulture\nInspire\nHealth\nManaging your Money\nPensions & Retirement\nProperty\nInsurance & Legal\nReader's Digest Pensions\nChristmas\nTechnology\nTravel\nDating & Relationships\nFashion & Beauty\nHome & Garden\nPullman Hotels Guides\nWin an AlcoSense Excel personal breathalyser\nCompetitions\nBeat the Cartoonist\nRecipes\nDrinks\nFood Heroes\n5 Easy comfort food recipes\nFilm & TV\nMusic\nArt & Theatre\nCelebrities\nBooks\nPodcast\nLife\nHumour\nAnimals & Pets\nHealth Conditions\nMedical Myths\nWellbeing\nReader's Digest Bathing Care\nWhat is an Upright Positional MRI and why should patients request one?\nMenu item\nMenu item\nMenu item\nMenu item\nMenu item\nMenu item\nMenu item\nMenu item\nYour Search Results…\nLoading...\n›\nHealth\n›\nHealth Conditions\n›\nWhat is arthritis? Remedies and treatments\nWhat is arthritis? Remedies and treatments\nArthritis is common as you get older. Our concise guide discusses the symptoms of arthritis and advises how to ease and treat them.\nWhat is arthritis?\nIf you suffer from joint pain, join the club. So many people have osteoarthritis, you'll soon be offered advice not only by your doctor, family and friends but also by the plumber and your next-door neighbour. Anti-inflammatory drugs–prescription and over-the-counter–can ease the pain, and most people will want to take them, but relief from arthritis doesn't end at that point. There are plenty of other measures sufferers can take to achieve their goal of easy-moving, pain-free days.\nThere are more than 100 types of arthritis, but the most common type is osteoarthritis. Since you can't be sure what kind of arthritis you have, or whether your symptoms suggest another condition entirely, it's essential to discuss any joint stiffness, swelling, redness or pain with your doctor. If you've already been diagnosed with arthritis, see your doctor if you notice a new or different type of swelling in your joints.\nWhat are the symptoms of arthritis?\nSymptoms include painfully stiff, swollen joints in any part of the body. The pain is the result of wear and tear on cartilage, the gel-like shock-absorbing material between joints. When cartilage wears away, bone grinds against bone. Although you can develop osteoarthritis at any age, it usually occurs in people over 45 years of age, and is more common among women. Other forms of the disease are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.\nNatural arthritis treatmnts:\nEucalyptus oil can be effective. Put a few drops on the skin and rub it in, but don't use the oil under a heating pad or hot compress, as the additional heat can cause eucalyptus oil to burn or irritate the skin.\nCapsaicin is a substance that gives chillies their ‘heat’. It is also the active ingredient in some products designed for on-going joint pain. Capsaicin is a counter-irritant: it irritates nerve endings, diverting the brain's attention from arthritis pain. Capsaicin cream 0.025 per cent is available over the counter.\nTake half a teaspoon of powdered ginger or up to 35g (about 6 teaspoons) of fresh ginger once a day. Research shows that ginger root helps to relieve arthritis pain, probably because of its ability to increase blood circulation, and thereby help remove inflammatory chemicals away from painful joints.\nHerbs show promise in the treatment of arthritis. Willow is rich in anti-inflammatory salicylates, while research underlines the benefits of devil's claw in easing back and knee pain, in a similar way to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).\nTurmeric is said to help reduce the inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. It has significant anti-oxidant activity and has been traditionally used in Ayurveda (Indian medicine) to treat arthritis. Include it frequently in cooking or take a supplement containing a standardised extract of curcumins (the active ingredient in turmeric).\nOils to relieve arthritis\nEat more oily fish. Many people who supplement their diets with omega-3 fatty acids–found in oily fish such as salmon, sardines, mackerel and trout–discover that pain and stiffness are lessened. These substances seem to discourage inflammation in the body. You can also take the oils alone or in capsule form. Research at Cardiff University has shown that the omega-3 fatty acids in cod liver oil can slow and may even reverse the destruction of cartilage that leads to osteoarthritis. The recommended dose is 2000mg of an omega-3 supplement 3 times a day, with meals. But check with your doctor first before taking fish oil supplements if you are taking blood-thinning drugs, have high cholesterol or are diabetic. As an alternative to fish oil capsules, take 1 tablespoon of flaxseed (linseed) oil a day. It's loaded with the same type of omega-3s. Take the oil straight from a spoon, mix it with orange juice or add it to your salad dressing. If you like nuts, indulge. They also contain beneficial oils.\nSupplements\nTake glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate supplements to reduce pain and slow down cartilage loss. Evidence suggests that they can be effective for people with mild to moderate arthritis. Follow the label directions and persevere: it may take a month or more before you begin to feel the benefits.\nTake SAM-e (S-adenosylmethionine). Supplementing with SAM-e, a chemical found naturally in all cells of the body, has been shown to help relieve arthritis pain by increasing blood levels of proteoglycans– molecules that seem to play a key role in preserving cartilage by helping to keep it ‘plumped up’ and well oxygenated. SAM-e also appears to reduce inflammation. SAM-e has few side effects, although it can cause dyspepsia and nausea. It seems to be safe to take with most prescription and over-the-counter drugs, but if you are taking medication for bipolar disorder (manic depression) or Parkinson's disease, you should consult your doctor before taking SAM-e supplements.\nNiacinamide (vitamin B3) is a supplement that may help to improve joint flexibility and reduce inflammation. A study of people with osteoarthritis found that they were able to reduce their dose of conventional anti-inflammatory medication when they also took niacinamide. (Caution: Always consult your doctor before altering your prescribed dose of any medication.)\nHeat remedies\nApplying heat to a painful joint can provide significant relief. Electric blankets and hand warmers, heating pads or hot packs all work well. Warm the achy joint for 20 minutes.\nA hot bath with eucalyptus and rosemary essential oils helps ease painful, stiff joints. Add 5 drops of each to hot water and soak in the tub for around 15 minutes.\nCold treatments can work well when joints are inflamed. Wrap ice cubes in a towel or face washer and hold against the sore joint. Alternatively, you can use a bag of frozen peas.\nExercises\nWhether it's walking, swimming, cycling or yoga, begin a gentle exercise regime. The better your physical condition, the less pain and stiffness you'll have. If you have arthritis in a leg joint, you might need a walking stick to help stabilise the joints. If your joints are swollen and inflamed, don't work through the pain. Instead, take a day off. Talk to your doctor or physiotherapist about how to start a weight-training program. Strong muscles will help to support your joints and absorb shock.\nFor knee pains, consider this massage knee protector and support for additional benefits when you exercise.\nAlternative treatments\nIf you frequently have stiff, swollen hands in the morning, try wearing a snug-fitting pair of gloves to bed. They may help to keep the swelling in check. But stop if you find that wearing gloves to bed only makes morning stiffness worse.\nPeople with arthritis have long worn copper bracelets to ‘draw out the pain’. Researchers in Australia have found that people who wear copper bracelets and also take aspirin experience less pain than people who treat their pain with aspirin alone.\nMany people with arthritis find that their pain is triggered by changes in the weather. If you are one of them, it's not just your imagination: a sudden increase in humidity and rapid drop in air pressure affect blood flow to arthritic joints. When storms are forecast, try turning on a dehumidifier to dry the air.\nIf you have hip or knee arthritis, ask your doctor to measure the length of your legs. 1 in 5 people with arthritis in these joints has 1 leg that is slightly longer than the other. Your doctor may be able to refer you to a podiatrist to have corrective shoes made for you.\nRelated Content\nLisa Fields\nHealth Conditions\nThe healing power of gratitude\nReader's Digest\nHealth Conditions\nCaring for Someone With MS\nHelen Cowan\nHealth Conditions\nAll you need to know about blood clotting\nDr Max Pemberton\nHealth Conditions\nMedical myths: Drinks with caffeine in will dehydrate you\nHow to prevent arthritis\nMaintain a healthy weight to help prevent osteoarthritis. Losing just 5 kilos and keeping it off for 10 years will halve the risk of arthritis affecting your knees. Invest in good walking shoes. The softer heels will lessen the impact of walking on your foot, ankle, knee and hip joints. Flat, supportive shoes are generally considered best for knees.\nRecent clinical studies have shown that vitamin C and other anti-oxidants can help to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis and its progression. Anti-oxidants prevent bone breakdown by destroying free radicals–harmful oxygen molecules that cause tissue damage. Take 500mg of vitamin C every day.\nTake zinc supplements. One long-term study of nearly 30,000 women found that those who took zinc supplements reduced their risk of rheumatoid arthritis. The recommended dose is 15mg a day taken with food.\nAcupuncture may reduce the requirements for conventional pain-killing drugs, which often have unpleasant side effects. A number of clinical trials have found that it is especially beneficial for people with arthritis in their knees and hips. A series of treatments is required rather than a single session. See a qualified acupuncturist for an individual assessment.\nMind–body therapies, such as meditation, self-hypnosis and visualisation, have all been shown to have great benefit in helping people with arthritis deal with the chronic pain.\nCompany\nFair Processing Notice\nTerms & Conditions\nCookie Policy\nAdvertise with us\nAbout us\nMagazine\nContact us\nAbout\nLaunched in 1922, Reader's Digest has built 90 years of trust with a loyal audience and has become the largest circulating magazine in the world\nFind us on\nReader’s Digest is a member of the Independent Press Standards Organisation (which regulates the UK’s magazine and newspaper industry). We abide by the Editors’ Code of Practice and are committed to upholding the highest standards of journalism. If you think that we have not met those standards, please contact 0203 289 0940. 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2019-04-24T04:17:47Z

"https://www.readersdigest.co.uk/health/health-conditions/what-is-arthritis-remedies-and-treatments"

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Handling a Baby Fever - Tips & Advice | Cherub Baby Australia\nSkip to content\nSubscribe and get 10% off! EASTER DEAL | FREE SHIPPING OVER $40 AU & NZ\nBLOG\n$0.00 0\nNo products in the cart.\nSubscribe and get 10% off! EASTER DEAL | FREE SHIPPING OVER $40 AU & NZ\n0\nCart\nNo products in the cart.\nTerms and conditions\nGLASS BABY BOTTLES & CUPS\nGLASS BABY BOTTLES\nGLASS SIPPY CUPS\nGLASS STRAW CUPS\nTEATS\nSIPPY AND STRAW CUP ADAPTOR PACKS\nUNIVERSAL STRAW, SPOUT & TEAT LIDS\nSOLID FEEDING\nREUSABLE BABY FOOD POUCHES\nREUSABLE ICE POP POUCHES\nFOOD POUCH SPOONS & SPOUTS\nBABY FRESH FOOD FEEDER\nFOOD POUCH WARMERS\nSTEAMER BLENDER\nBABY FOOD STORAGE\nREUSABLE BABY FOOD POUCHES\nREUSABLE ICE POP POUCHES\nFOOD POUCH SPOON & SPOUTS\nBREAST MILK STORAGE BAGS\nWARMERS & STERILISERS\nTRAVEL BABY BOTTLE WARMERS\nFOOD POUCH WARMERS\nBABY BOTTLE STERILISERS\nBABY DIGITAL THERMOMETERS\nACCESSORIES\nBREAST MILK STORAGE BAGS\nTEATS\nBABY BOTTLE ADAPTOR PACKS\nUNIVERSAL STRAW, SPOUT & TEAT LIDS\nSALE\nTOP SELLERS\nSTEAMER BLENDER\nCLICK N GO TRAVEL BOTTLE WARMER\nREUSABLE BREAST MILK BAGS\nBLOG\nHandling a baby fever – Tips and Advice\nPosted on April 20, 2017 April 9, 2019 by General User\n20\nApr\nHandling a baby fever\n– Tips & advice!\nMy baby’s temperature is high, so what do I do now?\nIt’s a parents natural instinct to worry when baby’s temperature rises and a fever occurs. However it’s quite rare for a fever to cause harm and it’s the bodies natural defence against infection. Many infants develop fever even just for minor infections. But nonetheless, whether it’s a mild fever or not, this symptom of a possible illness should be consulted with a doctor.\nThe American Academy of Pediatrics categorizes normal baby temperature between about 36 to 38 degrees Celsius. But the actual temperature isn’t the only indicator of infant fever. A baby’s age could also be a gauge of whether a fever exists.\nWhat is a fever?\nA fever isn’t an illness. As a symptom of an occurring ailment, a fever usually indicates that the body is fighting an infection. If your baby has a fever, in most instances it means he or she has caught a cold or some other viral or bacterial infection. A recent vaccination could also cause mild fever. Here are some more tips on how to handle baby’s fever:\nUse the Right Thermometer:\nMost parents are now inclined to invest in an ear and forehead thermometer that is the easiest and most versatile among digital thermometers available in the market. Thermometers are one of the most important tools you need when it comes to baby health. Being able to take your baby’s temperature quickly and reliably are the most important functions of a thermometer. Aussie brands like Cherub Baby make thermometers that can do both in a variety of ways. Their dummy thermometer for instance, allows your baby to use a pacifier while their temperature is taken, making this necessity easier for you and your baby while a 4 in 1 digital ear and forehead thermometer can take accurate and speedy readings from the forehead, ear and the ambient environment whilst displaying a warning if the reading is above 38 degrees. This fever alert function is important especially for parents who are not used to memorizing normal body temperature. Choosing a reliable baby thermometer should also pass the criteria of accuracy, hospital grade, compactness and warranty for that extra piece of mind. When taking a temperature with a digital thermometer always take multiple readings one after the other at least 5 times to get a good average. To do this be sure to purchase a thermometer that can take a reading fast and easily. If you find the forehead reading is of concern, your can cross check the reading with a reading in the ear (with the Cherub Baby ear and forehead model).\nKnow when to call the doctor:\nIf your baby is under 3 months old, a sudden rise in temperature is normal but requires immediate action. If you find your babies temperature is 38 degrees celcius or higher be sure to contact your doctor without delay and inform the doctor that your baby is less than three months old. At this fragile state, babies are easily affected by bacterial and viral infection. Sometimes, a spinal tap is done to determine if meningitis is causing the fever. Blood and urine tests are done to determine whether there’s a bacterial infection and a spinal tap to see if it’s meningitis. Aside from fever, also be on the lookout for other symptoms that would help doctors immediately diagnose what ails your child may have. Other symptoms include loss of appetite, cough earache, unusual fussiness, or vomiting or diarrhea.\nGive Baby a Sponge Bath:\nSometimes, giving warm sponge baths could help lower baby’s temperature back to normal. It also helps a lot in removing baby’s fussiness. Get a basin with lukewarm water and give him or her a bath. You may also wet a baby towel with lukewarm water and softly scrub into baby’s skin especially in the forehead, arms and feet to lower down the heat.\nConsider Medication:\nIf a sponge bath does not work, fever medication might be needed. If baby is below six months, doctors often recommend acetaminophen rather than ibuprofen. For those above six months, most babies can take either acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Consult your local pharmacist who will advise on the various options currently available. The dosage of these fever syrups and medicines are always determined by weight and not through baby’s age.\nKeep baby hydrated:\nAlso a very important is to give baby enough fluids to avoid dehydration. Babies should also get enough water or breast milk, formula or an electrolyte solution depending on baby’s age. Common signs of a dehydrated baby may have fewer wet diapers, no tears when crying, or a dry mouth.\nDress your baby in a light layer of clothes.\nWhile others think that putting that extra layer of clothing and beddings could help lower down the fever at home. It does not guarantee that the temperature will subside anytime soon. Dress your baby in a light layer of clothes. Placing several layers of clothing or beddings might even increase temperatures in children most especially infants as babies are often fragile to handle.\nHow can I tell if my baby’s fever is serious?\nLookout for more than one symptom. If you find your baby has both a fever and other symptoms, such as vomiting, it may be a sign of a more serious illness.\nSome symptoms to watch out for include:\nA rash had developed\nThe baby does not want to drink for more than 8 hours or is drinking much less than usual\nSigns of dehydration\nThe baby is more sleepy and drowsy than normal\nThese are just some examples however your intuition and understanding of your baby will give you the best insight to know if something is wrong. If you are worried about the situation always see your GP.\nThis entry was posted in BLOG and tagged fever, thermometer.\nGeneral User\nNude Lunch Boxes\nBest Baby Feeding Products\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nYour email address will not be published. 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2019-04-20T16:32:56Z

"https://www.cherubbaby.com.au/handling-fever-babies-tips-advice/"

www.cherubbaby.com.au

Exercise & its spin on depression – yourhappyplaceblog\nSkip to content\nyourhappyplaceblog\nExercise & its spin on depression\nPublished on January 7, 2013 February 15, 2013 by goforthegood1\nIt’s the new year and every gym is busier than ever, so I thought this would be a good topic to talk about because it hits home with me. You always hear the benefits of exercise, but I am here to attest to the benefits it has on depression.\nMy husband has had swinging bouts with depression to a point where it almost ended his life & would have altered mine and my little girls forever. We struggled to find a solution that did not involve pills or long visits at a psych office, so he began working out. He began to feel better and even signed up and competed in numerous triathlons. It seems to be his magic, natural cure for the darkness. It brings out the hope of feeling good, the light that helps him deal with the stresses of life. I can literally see and feel a difference in him when he has not worked out for a week, his attitude, his irritability begin to creep in & I remind him gently that he needs to work out to feel better.\nIf you or someone you love struggles with depression or even a bad day, get them moving, get them doing something that will trigger the good chemicals in their body. I promise it will help.\nHere are some good tips that I pulled from the Mayo clinic to help…\nTry a happy hour to your health!\nDepression and anxiety: Exercise eases symptoms\nIf you have depression or anxiety, you might find your doctor prescribing a regular dose of exercise in addition to medication or psychotherapy. Exercise isn’t a cure for depression or anxiety. But its psychological and physical benefits can improve your symptoms.\n“It’s not a magic bullet, but increasing physical activity is a positive and active strategy to help manage depression and anxiety,” says Kristin Vickers-Douglas, Ph.D., a psychologist at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.\nWhen you have depression or anxiety, exercising may be the last thing you think you can do. But you can overcome the inertia. Here’s a look at how exercise can ease symptoms of depression and anxiety. Plus, get realistic tips to get started and stick with exercising.\nHow exercise helps depression and anxiety\nExercise has long been touted as a way to maintain physical fitness and help prevent high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and other diseases. A growing volume of research shows that exercise also can help improve symptoms of certain mental conditions, such as depression and anxiety. Exercise also may help prevent a relapse after treatment for depression or anxiety.\nResearch suggests that it may take at least 30 minutes of exercise a day for at least three to five days a week to significantly improve symptoms of depression. However, smaller amounts of activity — as little as 10 to 15 minutes at a time — have been shown to improve mood in the short term. “So, small bouts of exercise may be a great way to get started if it’s initially too difficult to do more,” Dr. Vickers-Douglas says.\nJust how exercise reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety isn’t fully understood. Researchers believe that exercise prompts changes in both mind and body.\nSome evidence suggests that exercise postively affects the levels of certain mood-enhancing neurotransmitters in the brain. Exercise may also boost feel-good endorphins, release tension in muscles, help you sleep better and reduce levels of the stress hormone cortisol. It also increases body temperature, which may have calming effects. All of these changes in your mind and body can improve such symptoms as sadness, anxiety, irritability, stress, fatigue, anger, self-doubt and hopelessness.\nIf you exercise regularly but depression or anxiety still impairs your daily functioning, seek professional help. Exercise isn’t meant to replace medical treatment of depression or anxiety.\nThe benefits of exercise for depression and anxiety\nExercise has numerous psychological and emotional benefits when you have depression or anxiety. These include:\nConfidence. Engaging in physical activity offers a sense of accomplishment. Meeting goals or challenges, no matter how small, can boost self-confidence at times when you need it most. Exercise also can make you feel better about your appearance and your self-worth.\nDistraction. When you have depression or anxiety, it’s easy to dwell on how badly you feel. But dwelling interferes with your ability to problem solve and cope in a healthy way. Dwelling also can make depression more severe and longer lasting. Exercise can provide a good distraction. It shifts the focus away from unpleasant thoughts to something more pleasant, such as your surroundings or the music you enjoy listening to while you exercise.\nInteractions. Depression and anxiety can lead to isolation. That, in turn, can worsen your condition. Exercising can create opportunities to interact with others, even if it’s just exchanging a friendly smile or greeting as you walk around your neighborhood.\nHealthy coping. Doing something beneficial to manage depression or anxiety is a positive coping strategy. Trying to feel better by drinking alcohol excessively, dwelling on how badly you feel, or hoping depression and anxiety will go away on their own aren’t helpful coping strategies.\nTips to start exercising when you have depression or anxiety\nOf course, knowing that something’s good for you doesn’t make it easier to actually do it. With depression or anxiety, you may have a hard enough time just doing the dishes, showering or going to work. How can you possibly consider getting in some exercise?\nHere are some steps that can help you exercise when you have depression or anxiety:\nGet your doctor’s support. Some, but not all, mental health professionals have adopted exercise as a part of their treatment suggestions. Talk to your doctor or therapist for guidance and support. Discuss concerns about an exercise program and how it fits into your overall treatment plan.\nIdentify what you enjoy doing. Figure out what type of exercise or activities you’re most likely to do. And think about when and how you’d be most likely to follow through. For instance, would you be more likely to do some gardening in the evening or go for a jog in the pre-dawn hours? Go for a walk in the woods or play basketball with your children after school?\nSet reasonable goals. Your mission doesn’t have to be walking for an hour five days a week. Think about what you may be able to do in reality. Twenty minutes? Ten minutes? Start there and build up. Custom-tailor your plan to your own needs and abilities rather than trying to meet idealistic guidelines that could just add to your pressure.\nDon’t think of exercise as a burden. If exercise is just another “should” in your life that you don’t think you’re living up to, you’ll associate it with failure. Rather, look at your exercise schedule the same way you look at your therapy sessions or antidepressant medication — as one of the tools to help you get better.\nAddress your barriers. Identify your individual barriers to exercising. If you feel intimidated by others or are self-conscious, for instance, you may want to exercise in the privacy of your own home. If you stick to goals better with a partner, find a friend to work out with. If you don’t have extra money to spend on exercise gear, do something that is virtually cost-free — walk. If you think about what’s stopping you from exercising, you can probably find an alternative solution.\nPrepare for setbacks and obstacles. Exercise isn’t always easy or fun. And it’s tempting to blame yourself for that. People with depression are especially likely to feel shame over perceived failures. Don’t fall into that trap. Give yourself credit for every step in the right direction, no matter how small. If you skip exercise one day, that doesn’t mean you’re a failure and may as well quit entirely. Just try again the next day.\nSticking with exercise when you have depression or anxiety\nLaunching an exercise program is hard. Sticking with it can be even harder. One key is problem solving your way through when it seems like you can’t or don’t want to exercise.\n“What would happen if you went out to your car and it wouldn’t start?” Dr. Vickers-Douglas asks. “You’d probably be able to very quickly list several strategies for dealing with that barrier, such as calling an auto service, taking the bus, or calling your spouse or friend for help. You instantly start problem solving.”\nBut most people don’t approach exercise that way. What happens if you want to go for a walk but it’s raining? Most people decide against the walk and don’t even try to explore alternatives. “With exercise, we often hit a barrier and say, ‘That’s it. I can’t do it, forget it,’” Dr. Vickers-Douglas says.\nInstead, problem solve your way through the exercise barrier, just as you would other obstacles in your life. Figure out your options — walking in the rain, going to a gym, exercising indoors, for instance.\n“Some people have the idea that being physically active is supposed to be easy and natural,” Dr. Vickers-Douglas says. “Some think of it as just having enough willpower. But that really oversimplifies it and can make us feel like failures. You can’t just rely on willpower. Identify your strengths and skills and apply those to exercise.”\n“Act as if you are and you will become such.” -Leo Tolstoy\nIf you begin to believe in yourself, your possibilities and the direction you are taking your life, all will be well in health and happiness. Best wishes for new beginnings, new hopes.\n-Love, Heather\nAdvertisements\nShare this:\nTwitter\nFacebook\nLike this:\nLike Loading...\nRelated\nCategories Health & Happiness, Things that make you HAPPY•Tags benefits of exercise, e, health, Health & Happiness, mental-health, new year, symptoms of depression, symptoms of depression and anxiety\nPost navigation\nPrevious Play.\nNext Where are your PRIORITIES?\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nEnter your comment here...\nFill in your details below or click an icon to log in:\nEmail (required) (Address never made public)\nName (required)\nWebsite\nYou are commenting using your WordPress.com account.\t( Log Out / Change )\nYou are commenting using your Google account.\t( Log Out / Change )\nYou are commenting using your Twitter account.\t( Log Out / Change )\nYou are commenting using your Facebook account.\t( Log Out / Change )\nCancel\nConnecting to %s\nNotify me of new comments via email.\nSearch for:\nRecent Posts\nDirection\nMind & Body Connection\nKisses from Heaven\nNo Control\nLittle Canary within\nArchives\nApril 2019\nMarch 2019\nFebruary 2019\nJanuary 2019\nNovember 2018\nSeptember 2018\nAugust 2018\nJuly 2018\nJune 2018\nMay 2018\nApril 2018\nMarch 2018\nFebruary 2018\nJanuary 2018\nDecember 2017\nNovember 2017\nOctober 2017\nSeptember 2017\nAugust 2017\nJuly 2017\nJune 2017\nMay 2017\nApril 2017\nMarch 2017\nFebruary 2017\nJanuary 2017\nDecember 2016\nNovember 2016\nOctober 2016\nSeptember 2016\nAugust 2016\nJuly 2016\nJune 2016\nMay 2016\nApril 2016\nMarch 2016\nFebruary 2016\nJanuary 2016\nDecember 2015\nNovember 2015\nOctober 2015\nSeptember 2015\nAugust 2015\nJuly 2015\nJune 2015\nMay 2015\nApril 2015\nMarch 2015\nFebruary 2015\nJanuary 2015\nDecember 2014\nNovember 2014\nOctober 2014\nSeptember 2014\nAugust 2014\nJuly 2014\nJune 2014\nMay 2014\nApril 2014\nMarch 2014\nFebruary 2014\nJanuary 2014\nDecember 2013\nNovember 2013\nOctober 2013\nSeptember 2013\nAugust 2013\nJuly 2013\nJune 2013\nMay 2013\nApril 2013\nMarch 2013\nFebruary 2013\nJanuary 2013\nDecember 2012\nNovember 2012\nOctober 2012\nCategories\n365 days of something new\naffirmations\nBig Learning\nCreativity\nFamily\nFun Mixes of Good Things\nFun Mixes of my Favorites\nGratitude\nGreat Stories\nHealth & Happiness\nInspiration\nLessons learned from Movies\nlife lessons\nLife Loves Me\nLouise Hay\nLOVE\nLove & Relationships\nRetreat\nRituals & Traditions\nSelf Love\nSomething to think about\nThings that make you HAPPY\nThoughts to live by\nUncategorized\nYour Relationships\nMeta\nRegister\nLog in\nEntries RSS\nComments RSS\nWordPress.com\nAdvertisements\nCreate a free website or blog at WordPress.com.\nPrivacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. 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2019-04-21T10:19:33Z

"https://yourhappyplaceblog.com/2013/01/07/exercise-its-spin-on-depression/"

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Selenium\nCart Contents (47)CheckoutMy Account\nTop » Catalog » Ionic Minerals »\nHome\nAbout Us\nJuicing Classes\nRecipes and Links\nContact Us\nTV Media\nHippocrates Health Institute\n$19.99\nSelenium\nFrom The Office of Dietary Supplements - National Institute of Health Who may need supplemental selenium? In the United States, most cases of selenium depletion or deficiency are associated with severe gastrointestinal problems, such as Crohn's disease, or with surgical removal of part of the stomach. These and other gastrointestinal disorders can impair selenium absorption [26-28]. People with acute severe illness who develop inflammation and widespread infection often have decreased levels of selenium in their blood [29]. Physicians will evaluate individuals who have gastrointestinal disease or severe infection for depleted blood levels of selenium to determine the need for supplementation. People with iodine deficiency may also benefit from selenium supplementation. Iodine deficiency is rare in the United States, but is still common in developing countries where access to iodine is limited [30]. Researchers believe that selenium deficiency may worsen the effects of iodine deficiency on thyroid function, and that adequate selenium nutritional status may help protect against some of the neurological effects of iodine deficiency [6,7]. Researchers involved in the Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study in France, which was designed to assess the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on chronic disease risk, evaluated the relationship between goiter and selenium in a subset of this research population. Their findings suggest that selenium supplements may be protective against goiter, which refers to enlargement of the thyroid gland [31]. Selenium and Cancer Observational studies indicate that death from cancer, including lung, colorectal, and prostate cancers, is lower among people with higher blood levels or intake of selenium [36-42]. In addition, the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer is significantly higher in areas of the United States with low soil selenium content [39]. The effect of selenium supplementation on the recurrence of different types of skin cancers was studied in seven dermatology clinics in the United States from 1983 through the early 1990s. Taking a daily supplement containing 200 mcg of selenium did not affect recurrence of skin cancer, but significantly reduced the occurrence and death from total cancers. The incidence of prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer was notably lower in the group given selenium supplements [43]. Research suggests that selenium might affect cancer risk in two ways. As an anti-oxidant, selenium can help protect the body from damaging effects of free radicals. Selenium may also prevent or slow tumor growth. Certain breakdown products of selenium are believed to prevent tumor growth by enhancing immune cell activity and suppressing development of blood vessels to the tumor. Researchers continue to investigate the relationship between selenium and HIV/AIDS, including the effect of selenium levels on disease progression and mortality. There is insufficient evidence to routinely recommended selenium supplements for individuals with HIV/AIDS, but physicians may prescribe such supplements as part of an overall treatment plan. It is also important for HIV-positive individuals to consume recommended amounts of selenium in their diet.\nAdd to Cart\nReviews\nCategories\nWheatgrass (2)\nSprouts (4)\nJuicers (5)\nCBD Oil (9)\nSupplements (11)\nClay Products (5)\nIonic Minerals (10)\nSilver Botanicals (7)\nImmune System Boosters (13)\nBooks and DVDs (8)\nOrganic Seeds (11)\nSupplies (2)\nManufacturers\nPlease SelectLexenLifeGiveOmegaSamson\nQuick Find\nUse keywords to find the product you are looking for.\nAdvanced Search\nWhat's New?\nPremium Hemp Oil, Topical Roll On, 250 MG\n$60.00\nShopping Cart\n1 x Silver Shield Roll On Deodorant Original\n1 x Premium Hemp Oil, Topical Roll On, 250 MG\n1 x Bone Support\n1 x Silver Shield Spray Deodorant Sensitive Skin Floral\n2 x QuintEssential 3.3, 30 Amps\n1 x Samson Advanced Chrome\n1 x Super Lysine+, 90 tabs\n1 x QuintEssential 0.9, 30 Amps\n1 x Chromium\n1 x Samson Advanced White\n1 x Topical Gel, 200MG\n1 x Echinacea Goldenseal, 100 Caps\n1 x Silver Shield Roll On Deodorant Sensitive Skin\n1 x Joint Support\n1 x Muscle and Joint Formula, 30 Caps\n1 x Liquid D3, 10,000 IU.\n1 x Vitamin D3 plus K2 Nanoemulsified, 1.7 fl. oz.\n1 x Magnesium\n1 x Omega NC800 Silver\n1 x Full Spectrum Hemp Oil, 30 Liquid Caps\n1 x Silver Shield Roll On Deodorant Sensitive Skin Floral\n1 x Potassium\n1 x Multiple Minerals\n1 x Silver Tongue Oral Disinfectant\n1 x Full Spectrum Hemp Oil, 1000MG\n1 x Oreganol P73, 0.45 fl. oz.\n1 x Vitamin C liposomal with R-Lipoic acid, 1.7 fl. oz.\n1 x Zinc\n1 x Silver Shield Spray Deodorant Original\n1 x Full Spectrum Hemp Oil, 300MG\n1 x Selenium\n1 x Elderberry Zinc spray, 1 fl. oz.\n1 x Samson Advanced Black\n1 x Glutathione liposomal, 1.7 fl. oz.\n1 x Immune Support\n1 x CBD 300MG, Drops\n1 x Silver Shield Spray Deodorant Sensitive Skin\n1 x Chocolate Mint Hemp Extract, 600MG\n1 x Sovereign Silver, 2 fl.oz, mist-spray\n1 x Silica\n1 x CBD 450MG, 30 VCaps\n2 x Lexen Manual White\n1 x Thera Zinc spray, 4 fl. oz.\n1 x Tray 10x10x2.25 in.\n1 x Tray 10x20x2.25 in.\n$2,644.64\nNotifications\nNotify me of updates to Selenium\nShare Product\nReviews\nWrite a review on this product!\nCopyright © 2019 Wheatgrass and Sprouts, LLC\nPowered by osCommerce\nShipping & Returns | Privacy Notice | Conditions of Use | Contact Us | Security Policy

2019-04-20T16:59:17Z

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We may share your information with third-party partners for marketing purposes. To learn more and make choices about data use, visit our Advertising Policy and Privacy Policy. By clicking “Accept and Continue” below, (1) you consent to these activities unless and until you withdraw your consent using our rights request form, and (2) you consent to allow your data to be transferred, processed, and stored in the United States.\nACCEPT AND CONTINUE TO SITE\nDeny permission\nScroll to Accept\nGet the MNT newsletter\nEnter your email address to subscribe to our most top categories\nYour privacy is important to us.\nFINISH\nThe best hair loss treatments for men\nLast reviewed\t Fri 21 April 2017\t Last reviewed\tFri 21 Apr 2017\nBy Jenna Fletcher\nReviewed by Timothy J. Legg, PhD, CRNP\nTable of contents\nPrevention and treatment\nCauses\nCoping with hair loss\nMany men are affected by hair loss. Although male pattern baldness or androgenetic alopecia causes the majority of incidences of male hair loss, there are many reasons a man can lose his hair.\nAccording to the American Hair Loss Association, nearly two-thirds of men experience some degree of hair loss by the time they are 35. By age 50, as many as 85 percent of men experience hair loss and thinning.\nWhile there are many reasons why men lose their hair, there are also many treatment options available to help men cope with hair loss.\nPrevention and treatment\nUsing a wide-toothed comb may be recommended to prevent hair loss.\nPrevention is often one of the best ways to treat any condition. In some cases, depending on the exact cause of hair loss, it may be possible to prevent, or at least, slow down hair loss.\nSome of the best prevention methods include:\neating a balanced diet\nusing combs with wider spaces between bristles\navoiding harsh treatments and hair styles\nswitching medications to avoid the side effect of hair loss if possible\navoiding pulling or twisting hair\nIt is important to remember that not all types of hair loss are preventable or will even slow down with preventive measures. In these cases, men can try to combat hair loss through active treatment.\nSome methods men can use to treat hair loss include the following:\nMedications\nThere are medications that can be bought over the counter that may help treat hair loss. These typically come in the form of foams or other topical ointments.\nThe two most common medications are minoxidil (Rogaine) and finasteride (Propecia).\nMinoxidil\nMinoxidil was originally developed to treat high blood pressure. Developers found that it had the side effect of excessive, unwanted hair growth. This effect gave drug companies reason to consider it for male baldness.\nThe exact way that minoxidil works is not entirely known. The drug appears to widen the hair follicle, which causes a thicker strand of hair to grow.\nIn addition, minoxidil appears to prolong the growth period of a hair, which results in longer hair and a higher number of hair strands. When used properly, minoxidil has been shown to be safe and effective.\nFinasteride\nFinasteride is used to treat male pattern baldness, which appears at the crown and the middle of the scalp.\nThis drug carries several warnings about its use. It should only be used on adult men and should be kept away from children and women who may be pregnant or breast-feeding.\nFinasteride was originally created to fight prostate cancer. It works by decreasing the amount of a hormone called DHT in the scalp. DHT appears to cause hair follicles in the scalp to become thinner, so by decreasing the levels of DHT, hair regrowth may increase and hair loss may slow down.\nUnlike minoxidil, finasteride does not affect hair growth on other parts of the body.\nTherapies\nTherapies for hair loss often involve combinations of drugs, ointments, creams, and shampoos.\nOther therapies include meetings with specialists. Several companies specialize in hair treatments for men. They typically offer services to help work out the best course of action to take and tailor treatments based on the individual man's needs.\nSurgery\nHair transplant surgery may be a suitable treatment for male hair loss.\nThe only surgery available for hair loss is hair transplant surgery.\nTransplanting hair works for men with male pattern baldness. The transplant involves removing hair follicles from the back of the head where they are resistant to DHT and placing them on the scalp.\nLaser combs\nLaser combs are a newer form of treatment for hair loss. It is claimed these devices promote hair growth by using concentrated light that stimulates hair follicles.\nThis treatment has mixed results and may work best when combined with other forms of treatment.\nWigs and hair pieces\nIn some cases, hair loss may be permanent or long-term. In others, men might prefer a non-medical way to treat hair loss. Wigs and hairpieces offer a means to disguise hair loss.\nWigs and hairpieces have advanced enormously in the past several years. If the baldness is caused by a medical condition, the cost of a wig may also be covered by the person's insurance provider.\nCauses\nMen can experience baldness or hair loss for different reasons.\nWhile there are many causes for hair loss, the most likely cause is genetics. Finding out whether or not hair loss is caused by genetics or another reason can help determine the best course of treatment.\nMale pattern baldness is a hereditary condition and is the most common cause of male baldness. It can start as early as puberty or develop much later in life. It often occurs gradually and in predictable patterns, affecting the temples and the front of the middle of the scalp.\nMost often, the man will be left with a horseshoe pattern of hair. Heredity affects how fast, at what age, and to what extent a man will experience baldness.\nMen with male pattern baldness inherit hair that is sensitive to DHT, the hormone that can shorten the lifespan of the individual hair follicles.\nSome of the other most common causes of hair loss for men include:\nEach person will cope with hair loss differently. If quality of life is being affected then the advice of a healthcare professional should be sought.\nScalp Infections. Infections such as ringworm can invade the hair and skin of the scalp. When this happens, it can lead to scaly patches and hair loss.\nHormonal changes. Hormonal changes and imbalances can cause temporary hair loss. For men, the thyroid gland is the most likely cause of hair loss due to hormonal changes.\nPatchy hair loss. Also known as alopecia areata, patchy hair loss occurs when the body's immune system attacks hair follicles. The attack causes sudden and rapid hair loss that leaves smooth, often round, bald patches on the skin.\nSkin disorders. Diseases such as psoriasis and lupus may result in permanent hair loss in the scarred areas.\nHair-pulling disorder. Hair-pulling disorder causes people to have an irresistible urge to pull out their hair. The person will pull from the scalp, the eyebrows, or other areas of the body.\nMedication. Certain medications may cause a side effect of hair loss.\nSome less common causes of hair loss include:\nRadiation treatment. If a man receives any sort of radiation treatment near the scalp, the hair may fall out and grow back in a different way than before.\nHairstyles or treatments. Wearing hair in ways that pull it excessively or treating it with oils and color can cause permanent hair loss.\nNatural triggers. Stress or extreme trauma may result in loss of hair. Often, the thinning will reduce when the triggering event is over.\nCan masturbation cause hair loss?\nClick here to find out about DHT, a hormone that majorly contributes to male pattern baldness.\nRead now\nCoping with hair loss\nAs with any condition that physically alters appearance, coping with hair loss will vary greatly from person to person.\nSome men may wish to seek counseling services as part of their treatment. Others may choose a hairstyle that hides the hair loss, such as shaving their head.\nSometimes hair loss can have a devastating effect on a man's self-esteem and may lead to depression and reduced quality of life.\nIf a man notices that his quality of life is affected after the onset of hair loss, he should seek support from a medical professional.\nRelated coverage\nCan masturbation cause hair loss? This is just one of many masturbation-related myths. Learn more about this and other myths, the benefits of masturbation, and what really causes hair loss. Read now\nAll you need to know about receding hairline A look at receding hairlines, a condition that can affect both men and women, where the line of the hair changes. Included is detail on treatments. Read now\nWhat you should know about alopecia universalis A look at alopecia universalis, a condition resulting in hair loss across the entire body. Included is detail on diagnosis and the relationship to stress. Read now\nWhat's to know about alopecia areata? Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that usually results in unpredictable, patchy hair loss. Approximately 7 million people in the U.S. have alopecia areata, and it can affect anyone of any age or gender. There is no cure for alopecia areata although some treatments are available to help hair regrow more quickly. Read now\nBaldness: How close are we to a cure? Recent discoveries in hair loss research have paved the way for new treatments for baldness. Is the cure for baldness just around the corner? We find out. Read now\nemail email\nprint\nshare share\nDermatology\nMen's Health\nAdditional information\nArticle last reviewed by Fri 21 April 2017.\nVisit our Dermatology category page for the latest news on this subject, or sign up to our newsletter to receive the latest updates on Dermatology.\nAll references are available in the References tab.\nReferences\nThis content requires JavaScript to be enabled.\nCauses of hair loss. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.americanhairloss.org/men_hair_loss/causes_of_hair_loss.asp\nHair loss. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aad.org/media/stats/conditions/hair-loss\nMen’s hair loss. Introduction. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.americanhairloss.org/men_hair_loss/introduction.asp\nMen’s hair loss. Treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.americanhairloss.org/men_hair_loss/treatment.asp\nMunck, A., Gavazzoni, M. F., & Trüeb, R. M. (2014, June). Use of low-level laser therapy as monotherapy or concomitant therapy for male and female androgenetic alopecia. International Journal Of Trichology, 6(2), 45-49. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154149/\nCitations\nPlease use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:\nMLA\nFletcher, Jenna. \"The best hair loss treatments for men.\" Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 21 Apr. 2017. Web.\n19 Apr. 2019. <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317036.php>\nAPA\nFletcher, J. (2017, April 21). \"The best hair loss treatments for men.\" Medical News Today. 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Up to 10 per cent of its essential fatty acid content is in the form of gamma linolenic acid (GLA). This omega-6 fatty acid from evening primrose oil has an anti-inflammatory action, similar to that of omega-3s, when intakes are sufficiently high.\nSome GLA is incorporated into cell membranes, making them more fluid and flexible. This produces a noticeable improvement in skin softness and hydration within a few days. Some GLA is also converted into hormone-like substances, known as series 1 prostaglandins, which relax blood vessels to improve blood flow to the skin, decrease inflammation to reduce redness, and improve nerve function to reduce itching and discomfort. These effects can also improve hormone imbalances.\nContents\nNatural essential fatty acid production\nEvening primrose oil health benefits\nEvening primrose oil and eczema\nEvening primrose oil for ageing skin\nEvening primrose oil and hormone balance\nEvening primrose oil and dry eyes\nEvening primrose oil dose\nEvening primrose oil safety\nNatural essential fatty acid production\nAlthough your cells produce small amounts of GLA, this process is easily blocked by factors such as increasing age, smoking, pollution, lack of vitamins and minerals and excessive intakes of saturated fat, sugar or alcohol. As a result, deficiency is common and is associated with skin that is itchy, feels rough and dry, and which can become prematurely wrinkled. Although dry, skin also becomes more prone to spots as oil gland ducts become distorted to trap grease.\nEvening primrose oil health benefits\nTaking evening primrose oil (EPO) capsules helps to stabilise the skin barrier and maintain hydration so skin appears softer and more luminous. Research has shown that taking evening primrose oil supplements can provide many skin benefits. It is one supplement that I would not do without – if I stop taking it, I soon notice my skin feels more dry and itchy. As a bonus, evening primrose oil may even reduce the formation of wrinkles, too!\nA review of nine studies found that evening primrose oil frequently reduced the symptoms of dry itchy skin after several months use, with the greatest improvement seen in itching.\nEvening primrose oil and eczema\nAtopic dermatitis has been related to a deficiency of an enzyme, delta-6-desaturase, which is needed to convert dietary linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid. In people with eczema, evening primrose oil supplements were 25% more effective at reducing skin scaling, dryness, redness and itching than placebo.\nYou can also apply evening primrose oil directly to the skin for intensive treatment of dry patches. Snip open a capsule to apply the oil, or use a liquid evening primrose oil skin product with a dropper for easy application.\nEvening primrose oil for ageing skin\nEvening primrose oil helps skin take on a more youthful appearance. In one trial involving women in their forties, those taking 3g evening primrose oil for 12 weeks experienced a twenty per cent improvement in skin moisture, smoothness, elasticity and firmness, compared with those taking placebo. You can also apply evening primrose oil directly to the skin, where it sinks in to provide moisture and soothe dryness and fine lines.\nEvening primrose oil can also reduce the over-production of the pigment, melanin, which is associated with mottling and so-called age spots in older skin. It appears to work by reducing the activity of an enzyme (tyrosinase) involved in melanin synthesis. As a result, evening primrose oil is included in some cosmetic products used to lighten skin tone.\nA review published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology included evening primrose oil among the Top 10 botanical ingredients currently used in anti-ageing creams.\nEvening primrose oil and hormone balance\nEvening primrose oil provides building blocks for making sex hormones, and some women find it improves symptoms of premenstrual syndrome such as bloating, breast tenderness, irritability, mood swings and anxiety. Research findings are conflicting, however, and the only way to know if it will help you personally is to take it for three months to assess the benefits.\nIf you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), evening prirmos oil can help, too – especially against any associated acne. If you have been prescribed the drug isotretinoin to treat acne, one side effect is increasing skin dryness, especially around the mouth. In a study involving 40 people, those who took evening primrose oil supplements with their acne medication showed significant improvements within eight weeks treatment compared to those who did not take evening primrose oil.\nHormone changes can mean hot flushes cause significant problems around the menopause for some women. A study involving 56 menopausal women found that taking evening primrose oil (1 gram daily) for 6 weeks significantly reduced the severity of hot flashes compared with placebo.\nEvening primrose oil may help with hormone-related hair loss, too. Although little research has been carried out in this area, the anti-inflammatory benefits of evening primrose oil, and its effects on skin, can improve hair quality. Many people give their pets veterinary evening primrose oil supplements to improve hair/fur gloss, shine and thickness, for example. It may offer similar benefits for human hair, too. If you hair is thinning, caffeine containing hair products (shampoo, conditioner and scalp tonic) will help, too.\nEvening primrose oil and dry eyes\nEvening primrose oil helps to reduce dry eyes, especially in contact lens wearers. A study involving 76 women who took either EPO or placebo (olive oil) for 6 months, found those taking EPO showed significant improvements in dryness and overall lens comfort. The viscosity of tears was also increased.\nEvening primrose oil dose\nThe usual recommended dose is 1g evening primrose oil, taken one to three times per day.\nVitamins C, B6, B3 (niacin), zinc and magnesium are also needed for the metabolism and action of evening primrose oil, so it’s important to ensure your intake of these is adequate. A multivitamin and mineral supplement may be a good idea.\nEvening primrose oil safety\nDo not take evening primrose oil if you have a rare nervous system disorder known as temporal lobe epilepsy.\nSome doctors recommend avoiding evening primrose oil if you have schizophrenia or a bleeding disorder.\nCheck with your doctor before taking evening primrose oil – or any supplements – during pregnancy. There is some evidence that evening primrose oil may be associated with increased risk of prolonged rupture of membranes during labour.\nImage credit: pixabay\nPlease share:\nClick to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)\nClick to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)\nClick to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)\nClick to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)\nClick to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)\nClick to print (Opens in new window)\nAbout Dr Sarah Brewer\nQUORA EXPERT - TOP WRITER 2018 Dr Sarah Brewer MSc (Nutr Med), MA (Cantab), MB, BChir, RNutr, MBANT, CNHC qualified from Cambridge University with degrees in Natural Sciences, Medicine and Surgery. After working in general practice, she gained a master's degree in nutritional medicine from the University of Surrey. Sarah is a registered Medical Doctor, a registered Nutritionist and a registered Nutritional Therapist. She is an award winning author of over 60 popular self-help books and a columnist for Prima magazine.\nView all posts by Dr Sarah Brewer →\nPlease leave a comment or ask a question ...\tCancel reply\n14 thoughts on “Evening Primrose Oil For Hormone Balance”\nReply ↓\nFifi September 16, 2018 at 11:58 am\nHello, I have been taking 1300mg/day EPO for 9 years. it has positive effects on my hormonal balance. Is it safe?\nReply ↓\nDr Sarah Brewer September 16, 2018 at 1:47 pm\nHi Fifi, I have taken EPO for 20 years at between 1g and 2g per day and have every reason to believe it is safe for long term use. Best wishes, Sarah B\nFifi September 16, 2018 at 4:28 pm\nThank you so much for your reply. My doubt was because I thought that EPO might increase the Omega 6 to Omega 3 ratio. As EPO contains large amounts of linileic acid (LA)along with smaller amount of GLA.\nThe increased ratio promotes inflamation. As a precaution I always take EPO with a double strength Omega 3 pill to balance it. After some time I noticed that this combination along with a multivitamin work like a pain killer for mentural pain( anti-inflamation).\nDr Sarah Brewer September 17, 2018 at 8:09 am\nHI Fifi, GLA is an unusual omega-6 – rather than promoting inflammation it appears to have an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of omega-3s, when intakes are sufficiently high. Best wishes, Sarah B\nReply ↓\nAtiya May 19, 2018 at 6:19 am\nHello i have much swelling n heavy breast from last month,vaginal discharg,also dry eyes..would these oil capsuls helful for me?i m an IBS patient too..\nReply ↓\nDr Sarah Brewer May 23, 2018 at 7:26 pm\nHi Atiya, It’s best to see your doctor for an assessment of what might be wrong before trying a supplement approach. Best wishes, Sarah B\nReply ↓\nchristine April 13, 2018 at 10:01 pm\nI am on the menopause is the tablets for evening primrose better than the oil to take.?\nReply ↓\nDr Sarah Brewer April 14, 2018 at 9:06 am\nHi Christine, You can take either capsules (which usually come in 500mg or 1g sizes) or use oil from a dropper in the bottle. I find the capsules easiest to use. You can find info on the best supplements for menopause here, on my nutritional medicine website, and info on diet and menopause here. Best wishes, Sarah B\nReply ↓\nAmellia February 25, 2018 at 8:05 am\nHi Doc, Is the evening primrose good for acne?\nReply ↓\nDr Sarah Brewer February 26, 2018 at 4:39 pm\nHi Amellia, Researchers have found that the moisturising effect of evening primrose oil is helpful for overcoming the dryness associated with the acne treatment, isotretinoin. It may also improve acne associated with hormone imbalances. It will not make acne worse in my experience and has an anti-inflammatory effect that may well help, espeically if you have a tendency towards dry skin. Best wishes, Sarah B\nReply ↓\nAdebola July 1, 2017 at 12:32 pm\nHi doc, can I take evening primrose x1 capsule daily along with royal jelly tablet & fish oil/salmon oil capsules x1000mg? Do their benefits/ingredients overlap? Or can I take the fish oil supplements alone on its a few days a week? Thanks\nReply ↓\nDr Sarah Brewer July 1, 2017 at 5:12 pm\nHi Adebola, You can take evening primrose oil, Royal jelly and fish oil together. They all offer different benefits. Evening primrose oil is great for the skin and provides an anti-inflammatory oil called GLA. Royal jelly I’ve written about HERE offers hormonal benefits, while fish oil is a good source of omega-3s. I certainly take all three! Best wishes, Sarah B\nReply ↓\nDavid June 25, 2016 at 3:30 pm\nI’m looking for an all natural alternative for itchy skin and I’m wondering if primrose oil might help. I’m currently using a prescription cream (clotrimazole/betamethasone) a few areas around my ankles that get dry and itch like crazy. I’ve scratched them until I bled. I do get relief from the cream but it’s for fungus infection which I don’t have so I’d like to try something else.\nReply ↓\nDr Sarah Brewer June 25, 2016 at 3:48 pm\nHi David, Lack of essential fatty acids commonly causes itching and dryness on the shins and evening primrose oil usually helps – it may take a week or two to notice a significant benefit. If your itchy skin remains bad do see your doctor again as you may need a different treatment, including a rich moisturising lotion.\nPost navigation\n← Effective Head Lice Treatments\nHow To Sleep Better Naturally →\n.\n.\nMy New Guides\n.\nSearch My Reviews\nSearch for:\n.\nShop At Boots\n.\n.\n.\nAbout Dr Sarah Brewer\nRegistered Medical Doctor\nRegistered Nutritionist\nRegistered Nutritional Therapist\nAward-winning author of over 60 books\nMedical Advisor To:\nPrima Magazine\nHealthspan\nPatient Connect\nAHPMA\nCuralife\nSite Map\nSitemap\nContacts\nContact Page\n· © 2018 Expert Health Reviews ·\nSend to Email Address Your Name Your Email Address Cancel\nPost was not sent - check your email addresses!\nEmail check failed, please try again\nSorry, your blog cannot share posts by email.\nWe use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you are happy to accept cookies, please click on OK. If you wish to refuse cookies, please click NO. 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Ovarian Cysts - Cartersville Ob/Gyn Associates\nHome\nOur Services\nOur Providers\nOur Surgery Center\nOur Resources & News\nContact Us & Map\nAbnormal Uterine Bleeding\nBladder Control Problems\nBRCA Genetic Testing\nEndometriosis\nFibroids\nHeavy Periods\nInfertility\nOvarian Cysts\nPainful Intercourse\nPelvic Organ Prolapse\nSterilization/ Tubal Ligation\nHome >> Our Services >> Gynecologic/Pelvic Conditions >> Ovarian Cysts\nOvarian Cysts\nOvarian cysts are sacs containing fluid or semisolid material that develop in or on the surface of an ovary. Ovarian cysts are common, and can develop at any time in a female’s life. The most common types of ovarian cysts are follicular and corpus luteum, which are related to the menstrual cycle. Follicular cysts occur when the cyst-like follicle on the ovary in which the egg develops does not burst and release the egg. They are usually small and harmless, disappearing within two to three menstrual cycles. Corpus luteum cysts occur when the corpus luteum—a small, yellow body that secretes hormones—does not dissolve after the egg is released. They usually disappear in a few weeks but can grow quite large and may twist the ovary. There is also a condition known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in which the eggs and follicles are not released from the ovaries and instead form multiple cysts. These small cysts do not require surgical removal. However, a procedure called laparoscopic ovarian drilling may help restore normal ovulation to patients with infrequent menstrual cycles who would otherwise sometimes go many months without menstruating due to failure to ovulate. This is usually reserved for patients who have failed non-surgical therapy with medications for inducing ovulation.\nMany ovarian cysts have no symptoms. Non-symptomatic ovarian cysts are often felt by a doctor examining the ovaries during a routine pelvic exam. When the growth is large or there are multiple cysts, the patient may experience fullness or heaviness in the abdomen, pressure on the rectum or bladder, painful intercourse, and pelvic pain that is a constant dull ache or occurs shortly before the beginning or end of menstruation. Because symptomatic ovarian cysts cause symptoms that may be the same as ovarian tumors that may be cancerous, ovarian cysts should always be diagnosed through a pelvic exam and ultrasound.\nMedical Treatment Options\nIn some cases, observation may be all that is necessary, especially for small, functional cysts causing no symptoms. Sometimes, monitoring with ultrasound and further blood testing may be required during the observation period, especially for post-menopausal women. Many follicular and corpus luteum cysts require no treatment and disappear on their own. Often the physician will wait and re-examine the patient in six to eight weeks before taking any action. Although birth control pills are also prescribed to shrink functional cysts, there is limited evidence that they affect the resolution of cysts already formed. They can limit the likelihood of new cysts developing.\nSurgical Treatment Options\nSurgery is usually indicated for pre-pubertal (rare) or post-menopausal patients who have an ovarian mass. Surgery also is indicated if the growth is larger than 5 centimeters, growing, persistent, solid and irregularly shaped, on both ovaries, or causes pain or other symptoms. The majority of ovarian cysts and masses in women are benign, and can be removed with laparoscopic ovarian surgery, while preserving the ovaries. The Georgia Advanced Surgery Center performs these procedures using minimally invasive techniques that enable same-day outpatient surgery and fast, nearly painless recovery.\n958-A Joe Frank Harris Parkway Building 2 Suite 102 Cartersville, GA 30120 770-386-4824 fax: 770-386-4220\nHome\nOur Services\nOur Providers\nOur Surgery Center\nOur Resources & News\nContact Us & Map\nSitemap\nAcworth ob/gyn\nCherokee ob/gyn\nWoodstock obgyn\nRome obgyn

2019-04-20T16:26:44Z

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5 Migraine Headache Warning Symptoms, Causes & Pain Treatment\nTopics A-Z Slideshows Images Quizzes Medications\nPrivacy Policy\nAbout Us\nContact Us\nTerms of Use\nAdvertising Policy\n©2018 WebMD, Inc. All rights reserved. eMedicineHealth does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See Additional Information.\nhome headache & migraine centerTopic Guide\nMigraine Headache\nMedical Author: John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP\nJohn P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP\nJohn P. Cunha, DO, is a U.S. board-certified Emergency Medicine Physician. Dr. Cunha's educational background includes a BS in Biology from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and a DO from the Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences in Kansas City, MO. He completed residency training in Emergency Medicine at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey.\nMedical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD\nMelissa Conrad Stöppler, MD\nMelissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology.\nMigraine Headache Related Articles\nFever in Adults\nMigraine Slideshow\nTake the Vertigo Quiz\nEye Pain\nBalance Slideshow\nTake the Pain Quiz\nWhat Should You Know abut Migraine Headaches?\nWhat Are the Warning Symptoms and Signs of a Migraine?\nWhen Should You Call a Doctor for Migraines?\nWhat Do Migraines and Auras Look Like (Pictures)?\nWhat Causes and Triggers Migraines?\nHow Can You Tell If It's a Migraine vs. Headache?\nWhat Home Remedies Relieve Migraine Pain?\nWhat OTC (Over-the-Counter) Drugs Treat Migraine Pain?\nAbortive Prescription Drug Therapies to Treat Migraine Pain and Other Symptoms\nMigraine Prevention and Other Treatment Drugs\nCan Migraines be Cured?\nHow Can Migraines Be Prevented?\nMigraine Headache Topic Guide\nDoctor's Notes on Migraine Headache Symptoms\nWhat Should You Know abut Migraine Headaches?\nReaders Comments 2\nShare Your Story\nWhat Are Migraine Headaches?\nMigraine headaches are one of the most common problems seen in emergency departments and doctors' offices. They are due to changes in the brain and surrounding blood vessels.\nWhat Are the Warning Signs and Symptoms of Migraines?\nMigraines are not the same as a \"regular\" headaches, tension, sinus, or cluster headaches. All of these types of headaches cause pain, but a migraine has additional warning symptoms and signs, for example:\nFeeling irritable\nDepressed or “high”\nVisual disturbances\nNausea and vomiting\nSensitivity to light\nMigraine pain usually unilateral, meaning that it occurs on only one side of the head.\nWhat Causes Migraines?\nMigraine causes are not fully known, but are believed to be due to the expansion of blood vessels in the brain along with the release of certain chemicals.\nWhat Are the Types of Migraine Headaches?\nThere are several types of migraine headaches, and they vary in severity of pain and the time it takes for the migraine to go away.\nCommon migraine, also called absence migraine, accounts for 80% of migraines. There is no \"aura\" before a common migraine. People with classic migraine headache (also called migraine with aura) experience an aura before their headaches. Most often, an aura is a visual disturbance (outlines of lights or jagged light images). Classic migraines are usually much more severe than common migraines. Common migraine accounts for 80% of migraines.\nSilent or acephalgic migraine headache is a migraine without head pain, but with aura and other visual disturbances, nausea, and other aspects of migraine.\nA hemiplegic migraine can feel like a stroke, with weakness on one side of the body, loss of sensation, or feeling ‘pins and needles; however head pain may not be severe.\nA retinal migraine occurs when a migraine headache causes temporary vision loss in one eye. The vision loss can last from minutes to months, but it is usually reversible. It is often a sign of a more serious medical problem, and patients should seek medical care.\nA chronic migraine is a migraine headache for more than 15 days per month.\nStatus migrainosus is a migraine attack that lasts more than 72 hours.\nMigraine headaches typically last from 4 to 72 hours and vary in frequency from daily to less than one a year.\nHow Many People Have Migraines?\nAccording to the National Headache Foundation, more than 37 million Americans suffer from migraine headaches, and it affects three times as many women as men. About 70% to 80% of people with migraines (called migraineurs) have other members in the family who have them too.\nPeople with classic migraines experience an aura before their headaches. Most often, an aura is a visual disturbance (outlines of lights or jagged light images). Classic migraines are usually much more severe than common migraines.\nWhat Is the Best Thing to Do for a Migraine?\nHome remedies to relieve head pain and other migraine symptoms include lying down and resting in a room with pillows supporting the head and neck, and that has little no sensory stimulation from light, sound, colors, and odors. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a combination of medicaitons., and prescription drugs can treat migraines.\nA Visual Guide to Migraine Headaches Slideshow\nSurprising Migraine Triggers Slideshow\nTake the Migraines Quiz\nWhat Are the Warning Symptoms and Signs of a Migraine?\nReaders Comments 3\nShare Your Story\nSymptoms and signs vary from person to person and from migraine to migraine. Five phases often can be identified.\nProdrome: A variety of warnings can come before a migraine. These may consist of a change in mood (for example, feeling \"high,\" irritable, or depressed) or a subtle change of sensation (for example, a funny taste or smell). Fatigue and muscle tension are also common.\nAura: Commonly, these visual or other sensory disturbances that precede the headache phase. Some patients develop blind spots (called scotomas); see geometric patterns or flashing, colorful lights; or lose vision on one side (hemianopia).While visual auras are most common, motor and even verbal auras have also been described.\nHeadache: The pain of a migraine usually appears on one side of the head, but some occur on both sides and/or the head. The head may throb with pain. Most people with migraine headaches feel nauseated, and some vomit. Most become sensitive to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia). This phase may last 4 to 72 hours.\nHeadache termination: Usually, if the head pain from a migraine is not treated it will go away with sleep.\nPostdrome: Other signs, for example, inability to eat, problems with concentration, or fatigue, may linger after the head pain has disappeared.\nWhen Should You Call a Doctor for Migraines?\nCall a doctor or other health care professional if you have any of these symptoms or signs:\nA change in frequency, severity, or features of the migraine commonly experienced\nA new, progressive headache that lasts for days\nConstant migraine symptoms that last more than 72 hours\nA headache brought on by coughing, sneezing, bearing down, straining while on the toilet, or other physical straining\nSignificant unintentional loss of body weight\nWeakness or paralysis that lasts after the headache\nGo to a hospital emergency department if you have any of these symptoms and signs:\nHaving the worst headache ever, especially if the headache had a sudden onset\nHeadache associated with trauma to the head or loss of consciousness\nFever or stiff neck associated with headache\nDecreased level of consciousness or confusion\nParalysis of one side of the body\nSeizure\nWhat Do Migraines and Auras Look Like (Pictures)?\nExample of a visual migraine aura as described by a person who experiences migraines. This patient reported that these visual auras preceded her headache by 20 to 30 minutes.\n{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}\nExample of a central scotoma as described by a person who experiences migraines. Note the visual loss in the center of vision.\n{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}\nAnother example of a central scotoma as described by a person who experiences migraine headaches.\n{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}\nExample of visual changes during migraine. Multiple spotty scotomata as described by a person who experiences migraines.\n{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}{C}\nFrank visual field loss can occur with migraine. This example shows loss of the entire right visual field as described by a person who experiences migraines.\nBad Bugs and Their Bites\nSex Drive Killers\nCancerous Tumors\nMultiple Sclerosis\nAdult Skin Problems\nHabits That Wreck Your Teeth\nManage Diabetes in 10 Minutes\nErectile Dysfunction\nType 2 Diabetes Warning Signs\nHealth Benefits of Sex\nScalp, Hair and Nails\nADHD Symptoms in Children?\nWhat Causes and Triggers Migraines?\nShare Your Story\nThe exact cause of migraine headaches is not clearly understood, though experts believe they may be caused by a combination of the expansion of blood vessels and the release of certain chemicals, which causes inflammation and pain.\nThe chemicals dopamine and serotonin are among those involved in migraine. These chemicals are found normally in the brain and can cause blood vessels to act abnormally if they are present in abnormal amounts or if the blood vessels are unusually sensitive to them.\nVarious risks and triggers are thought to cause migraine headaches in certain people prone to developing the condition. Different people may have different triggers. Individual triggers can include:\nCertain foods, especially chocolate, cheese, nuts, alcohol, and MSG, bring on headaches in some people. (MSG is a food enhancer used in many foods including Chinese food.)\nMissing a meal may bring on a headache.\nStress and tension are also risk factors. People often have migraines during times of increased emotional or physical stress.\nBirth control pills are a common trigger. Women may have migraines at the end of the pill cycle as the estrogen component of the pill is stopped. This is called an estrogen-withdrawal headache.\nSmoking may cause migraines or interfere with their treatment.\nYOU MAY ALSO LIKE\nVIEW\nA Picture Guide to Migraine Headaches\nHow Can You Tell If It's a Migraine vs. Headache?\nThe diagnosis of migraine headache rests solely on what a patient describes to a doctor or other medical professional. A doctor's physical examination of the patient typically reveals nothing out of the ordinary; however, a neurological examination will be performed to rule out other causes of headache.\nAdditional tests may be ordered because other types of headaches such as tension or cluster headache, stroke, tumor, inflammation of a blood vessel, and infection of the brain's coverings (meningitis) or of the sinuses.\nBlood tests\nX-rays\nCT scan or MRI of the head to look for bleeding, stroke, or tumor\nA spinal tap (also called a lumbar puncture) to look for evidence of infection or bleeding\nWhat Home Remedies Relieve Migraine Pain?\nMost people with this type of headache can manage the pain of mild-to-moderate attacks at home treatments, for example:\nUsing a cold compress on the area of pain\nResting with pillows comfortably supporting the head or neck\nResting in a room with little or no sensory stimulation (from light, sound, or odors)\nWithdrawing from stressful surroundings\nSleeping\nDrinking a moderate amount of caffeine\nA Visual Guide to Migraine Headaches Slideshow\nSurprising Migraine Triggers Slideshow\nTake the Migraines Quiz\nWhat OTC (Over-the-Counter) Drugs Treat Migraine Pain?\nReaders Comments 14\nShare Your Story\nSeveral OTC medications may help with head pain, for example:\nNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS): These include medicines like aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), and naproxen. Stomach ulcers and bleeding are serious potential side effects. This type of medicine should not be taken by anyone with a history of stomach bleeding. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about possible medicine interactions if you are taking other drugs.\nAcetaminophen (Tylenol): Acetaminophen may be safely taken with NSAIDs for an additive effect. Taking acetaminophen by itself is usually safe, even with a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding. Acetaminophen should not be taken if you have liver disorders or has three or more alcoholic drinks a day.\nCombination medications: Some over-the-counter pain relievers have been approved for migraine treatment. These include Excedrin Migraine, which contains acetaminophen and aspirin combined with caffeine. A similar effect can be achieved by taking two aspirin or acetaminophen tablets with a cup of black coffee.\nAbortive Prescription Drug Therapies to Treat Migraine Pain and Other Symptoms\nDespite medical advances, migraines can be difficult to treat. About half of people with migraines stop seeking medical treatments for their headaches because they are dissatisfied with therapy.\nThis type of chronic headache can be treated with two approaches: abortive and preventive.\nAbortive Therapy\nThe goal of abortive therapy is to prevent an attack or to stop it once it starts. The prescribed medications stop a headache during its prodrome stage or once it has begun and may be taken as needed. Some can be administered as a self-injection into the thigh, wafers that melt on the tongue, or a nasal spray. These forms of medicines are especially useful for patients who vomit while experiencing the headache, and they work quickly.\nAbortive treatment migraine include the triptans, which specifically target the chemical serotonin. The triptans are used only to treat headache pain and do not relieve pain from back problems, arthritis, menstruation, or other conditions.\nTriptan medications include:\nSumatriptan (Imitrex)\nSumatriptan/Naproxen (Treximet)\nZolmitriptan (Zomig)\nEletriptan (Relpax)\nNaratriptan (Amerge)\nRizatriptan (Maxalt)\nFrovatriptan (Frova)\nAlmotriptan (Axert)\nThese drugs also are specific and affect serotonin, but they affect other brain chemicals as well. Occasionally, one of these drugs works when a triptan does not.\nErgotamine tartrate (Cafergot)\nDihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45 Injection, Migranal Nasal Spray)\nAcetaminophen-isometheptene-dichloralphenazone (Midrin)\nThese drugs are mainly used for nausea, but they sometimes have an abortive or preventive effect on headaches.\nProchlorperazine (Compazine)\nPromethazine (Phenergan)\nThese drugs are weak members of the narcotic class. They are not specific for migraine, but they can help relieve almost any kind of pain. Since they are habit forming, they are less desirable choices than the headache drugs. These drugs should be used primarily as a \"backup\" for the occasions when a specific drug does not work.\nButalbital compound (Fioricet, Fiorinal)\nAcetaminophen and codeine (Tylenol with Codeine)\nMigraine Prevention and Other Treatment Drugs\nPreventive Treatments\nThis type of treatment is considered if a patient has more than one migraine per week. The goal is to lessen the frequency and severity of the attacks. Medication to prevent a migraine can be taken daily. Different drug classes have been used successfully as preventive therapies. Preventive treatment medicine include:\nMedications used to treat high blood pressure - Beta blockers (propranolol [Inderal]), calcium channel blockers (verapamil [Covera])\nAntidepressants - Amitriptyline (Elavil), nortriptyline (Pamelor)\nAntiseizure medications - Gabapentin (Neurontin), valproic acid (Depakote), topiramate (Topamax)\nSome antihistamines and anti-allergy drugs, including diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and cyproheptadine (Periactin)\nOther Migraine Headache Treatment Drugs\nCalcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP-R) antagonist is a new class of drug called a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP-R) antagonist was approved in 2018 to prevent migraine headaches. Erenumab (Aimovig) is given as once-monthly i jections.\nBotulinum toxin (BOTOX ®) injection has been found to help some migraine sufferers, and has been approved by the U.S. FDA to treat chronic migraine in adults. Injections are given at specific points in the head and neck muscles, and the effect lasts up to 3 months.\nCan Migraines be Cured?\nRegular follow-up care with a doctor or other health care professional is necessary. Keep a pain journal to monitor the frequency of attacks and the medications you use can be very helpful. It may take several doctor visits before an effective treatment plan is found. After the headaches are under control, the prognosis is very good. Patience is key. As noted previously, it may take several attempts before an effective treatment plan is found. No one treatment or drug is effective for every person. A drug that works well for one person may not provide any relief for another. A combination of different migraine medicine sometimes is needed to treat resistant headaches.\nHow Can Migraines Be Prevented?\nMigraine triggers should be identified and avoided. Making individual lifestyle changes is very important. Changes may include avoiding certain types of foods and certain emotional situations. If missing meals triggers headaches, the person should make every effort to eat on a regular basis. In some instances, the use of biofeedback may help reduce the severity and frequency of attacks.\nBad Bugs and Their Bites\nSex Drive Killers\nCancerous Tumors\nMultiple Sclerosis\nAdult Skin Problems\nHabits That Wreck Your Teeth\nManage Diabetes in 10 Minutes\nErectile Dysfunction\nType 2 Diabetes Warning Signs\nHealth Benefits of Sex\nScalp, Hair and Nails\nADHD Symptoms in Children?\nMigraine Headaches in Children: Are The Symptoms Different Than In Adults?\nAbout 5%-10% of school aged children in the US suffer from migraine headaches. The frequency increases throughout adolescence, and peaks around age 44. About 20% have their first attack before age 5. Common symptoms include:\nHeadache pain\nNausea\nSensitivity to sound and light\nVomiting\nClick for more about migraines in children »\nHealth Solutions From Our Sponsors\nClinical Trial Q&A\nChildhood Brain Tumors\nPenis Curved When Erect\nHow Immunotherapy Fights Cancer\nOvercoming Breast Cancer\nMedical Alert System\nFrom\nMigraines and Headaches Resources\nBasics to Help Prevent Migraines\nManaging Opioids\nWhat Are Chronic Migraines?\nFeatured Centers\nHow Is Your MS Care Routine? Assess Yourself\n11 Things Not to Do If You Want to get Pregnant\nReviewed on 3/1/2019\nSources:\nREFERENCES:\nJasvinder, C, MDm et al. \"Migraine Headache\" Medscape. Updated: Jan 31, 2019.\n<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-overview>\nAmerican Headache Society. \"New Guidelines: Treatments Can Help Prevent Migraine.\" Update: May 01, 2016.\n<https://americanheadachesociety.org/news/new-guidelines-treatments-can-help-prevent-migraine-2/>\nPatient Comments & Reviews\nMigraine Headache - Effective Treatments\nWhat kinds of treatments have been effective for your migraine headache?\nPost View 14 Comments\nMigraine Headache - Symptoms\nWhat were the symptoms of your migraine headache?\nPost View 3 Comments\nMigraine Headache - Cause\nWhat caused your migraine headache?\nPost\nMigraine Headache - Experience\nPlease share your experience with migraine headache.\nPost View 2 Comments\nCONTINUE SCROLLING FOR RELATED ARTICLE\nFeatured Slideshows\nADHD in ChildrenBetter Parenting\nAtrial Fibrillation (AFib)Heart Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment\nBreast Cancer Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment\nFirst Aid & Emergencies Topics A-Z Slideshows Images Quizzes Medications About Us Privacy Terms of Use Advertising Policy Site Map Contact Us\nWebMD Medscape Reference Medscape MedicineNet RxList OnHealth WebMDRx\n©2019 WebMD, Inc. 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Using Cultural-Specific Music\nto Alleviate Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression ~ Pallimed: Case Conferences\nHome\nAbout\nGeneral\nContact\nHistory\nContributors\nComment Policy\nDisclaimer\nPrivacy\nThursday, January 1, 2009\nUsing Cultural-Specific Music\nto Alleviate Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression\nPallimed Case Conferences (cases.pallimed.org) is closed to comments and new posts as of April 25, 2013.\nThis site will stay online as an archived source, but will no longer be updated.\nRead here about the switch-over.\nFor active posts on these cases and new cases go to www.pallimed.com.\nBy Erin Hedden, Music Therapy Intern\nOriginally posted at the Institute to Enhance Palliative Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center\nVol 8, No. 10 - November 2008\nCase:\nMs. Z was a middle-aged Colombian woman with pulmonary hypertension and was awaiting a double lung transplant. Her presenting symptoms included extreme shortness of breath with minimal exertion, tiredness, and chest pain. A palliative care consult was requested for support and symptom management for anxiety and depression. She was also very concerned about her bills. She had trouble concentrating, was unable to watch TV or use her laptop, and was constantly tearful. Through palliative care, a consult was obtained for music therapy. In the context of music therapy, her anxious and depressive symptoms were significantly diminished by using music that was specific to her native culture.\nDiscussion\nMusic therapy has consistently been demonstrated to help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression, especially when the implemented music is a type of music that is preferred by the patient. In fact, a study researching the effects of subject-preferred music found that subjects who listened to their preferred music exhibited an increase in positive mood if their pre-music mood was negative. It also found that subjects listening to preferred music maintained a positive mood if the subjects’ pre-music mood was positive (Wheeler 1985).\nSince Ms. Z was a Colombian immigrant, there were many times that she had family members and friends with her to both support her and translate some of the more difficult conversations that were in English. Though this author did know rudimentary Spanish, and did successfully implement short phrases, it was the music that became the common language throughout each session.\nThe first music therapy session was met with much enthusiasm and laughter from Ms. Z’s family and friends. Ms. Z was visibly anxious and nervous as she sat in the corner, but as she began to watch those around her enjoying themselves, her face softened and she smiled from behind her oxygen mask. The two attending interns closed the session having played some of the requested music, but with the momentous assignment to learn many more songs. Countless hours were spent learning songs by one of her favorite artists, Juanes, who is famous in Colombia and other South American and Spanish-speaking countries.\nThe second session was filled with a myriad of their favorite Spanish songs. They sang every song along with the attending interns, laughing and crying at the same time. Ms. Z was visibly relaxed and at peace. She continued to enjoy music therapy after she got her double lung transplant. Through the implementation of music therapy, her anxious and depressive symptoms were significantly diminished through singing, the use of percussion instruments, and by using her preference of cultural-specific music.\nThrough singing, she used her lungs—both before and after her double lung transplant. Even when Ms. Z was only able to whisper, she was still stretching her new lungs while “mouthing” the words she knew from memory. It distracted her from the monotony of being hospitalized, from the bills she couldn’t pay, and from her constant medical problems. It fostered a deeper and more meaningful socialization with her loved ones, and helped her to find cultural familiarity within someone else’s culture. Singing also gave her choices: she could participate or watch; she could choose which song she wanted to hear; she could choose which artist she wanted to hear; and she could choose the language with which she wanted to surround herself. It also gave her a sense of ownership and pride that the attending interns learned these songs specifically for her.\nUsing percussion instruments had its own benefits: it was a less threatening way to participate in the music-making experiences; it gave another series of choices for her to make; and because there was a wide array of South American instruments, it was a physical and tangible connection to her cultural heritage.\nMusic can help patients to appreciate the beauty and wisdom of their own cultural backgrounds and promote positive feelings within them that can be tapped into when celebrating and coping with life’s highs and lows (Chase 2003). By validating Ms. Z’s culture and bringing it into her hospitalization, music therapy fostered a sense of normalization and familiarity within the hospital walls which to her had previously represented feelings of anxiety and depression.\nReferences:\n1. Chase, Kristen M. \"Multicultural Music Therapy: A Review of Literature.\" American Music Therapy Association Music Therapy Perspectives 21 (2003): 84-88.\n2. Wheeler, Barbara L. \"Relationship of Personal Characteristics to Mood and Enjoyment After Hearing Live and Recorded Music and to Musical Taste.\" Psychology of Music 13 (1985): 81-92.\nPosted by Christian Sinclair on Thursday, January 1, 2009\nTweet\n6 Responses to “Using Cultural-Specific Music\nto Alleviate Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression”\nJessica Knapp said...\nJanuary 12, 2009 at 5:46 PM\nThis is such an uplifting and wonderful case study to read. I love that the singing even helped her exercise her lungs. Thank you for the post.\nChristian Sinclair, MD said...\nJanuary 15, 2009 at 2:34 PM\nI actually quoted this case in a lecture today on COPD and treatment of dyspnea. I am continually impressed what a energetic music therapist can add to a therapeutic regimen.\nThanks for the comment.\nCynthia said...\nApril 11, 2009 at 5:11 AM\nThis is a very innovative case and use of music therapy. We often forget about the humanities and arts in the setting of a life threatening illness, thus forgetting that the patient is actually a person. We also don't touch upon \"culture\" much. Would love to see more cultural issues in cases. Thank you.\nChristian Sinclair, MD said...\nApril 11, 2009 at 1:00 PM\nthanks for the comment Cynthia. I completely agree with you about the focus needed on the Arts & Humanities. I heard a lecture by Robert Potter who was a key force in the Bioethics movement in the 90's. He noted that the technological fascinations of medicine can be traced back to a reading of the Flexner Report. The Flexner Report was comissioned by the AMA in the early 1900's to unify and standardize all medical education. There is a vital statement about the need to have science as the basis for medicine which apparently was often quoted but the second part of the statement is that medicine is not science alone but the balance with the humanities.\nIf you have not seen the Arts & Humanities section of Pallimed, i would encourage you to click on the Arts button at the top of the Pallimed pages or go to arts.pallimed.org It is a weekly blog and was created expressly for the reason you wrote about.\nAs far as incorporating more culture into the cases series, I am using material from the University of Pittsburgh for the cases blog so I don't get any input into topics. But I guess I am the editor of the Cases blog so I could do whatever I wanted and publish my own!\nCynthia said...\nMarch 13, 2011 at 4:30 AM\nThis is a very innovative case and use of music therapy. We often forget about the humanities and arts in the setting of a life threatening illness, thus forgetting that the patient is actually a person. We also don't touch upon \"culture\" much. Would love to see more cultural issues in cases. Thank you.\nJessica Knapp said...\nMarch 13, 2011 at 4:30 AM\nThis is such an uplifting and wonderful case study to read. I love that the singing even helped her exercise her lungs. Thank you for the post.\nPost a Comment\nNewer Post Older Post Home\nSubscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)\nFollow @pallimed\nLabels\nantibiotics (1) anxiety (6) art (1) autonomy (2) benzos (2) cancer (8) cardiac (5) chaplain (3) children (1) choice (3) clinic (1) communication (2) consent (1) constipation (1) coping (2) culture (2) death (1) delirium (2) denial (1) depression (4) device (2) dyspnea (1) education (1) ethics (3) fear (3) finances (2) GI (1) grief (1) hospital (2) icu (1) meta (18) music (2) nausea/vomiting (3) negotiation (2) neuro (3) opioids (4) pain (3) pallaitive sedation (1) palliative care (5) physician (1) psych (2) psychiatry (1) pulmonary (4) relationships (4) renal (1) sinclair (15) social work (1) spirituality (3) surgery (2) transplant (1) volunteers (1) wounds (1)\nSearch All of Pallimed\nCreative Commons\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.\nArchives\n► 2013 (1)\n► April (1)\n► 2011 (3)\n► April (1)\n► March (2)\n► 2010 (2)\n► November (1)\n► June (1)\n▼ 2009 (10)\n► November (1)\n► May (1)\n► April (1)\n► March (2)\n► February (2)\n▼ January (3)\nStaff Coping With Terminal Illness\nCoordination of Care for People at the End of Life...\nUsing Cultural-Specific Music to Alleviate Symptom...\n► 2008 (29)\n► December (1)\n► November (2)\n► October (2)\n► September (3)\n► August (2)\n► July (2)\n► June (2)\n► May (4)\n► March (11)\nDisclaimer Summary\nFor details please see Disclaimer, Privacy Policy and Comment Policy.\nCases have had names and facts altered or are composite cases and are not intended to represent any individual patient.\nIn addition, all opinions expressed on this blog should never be taken as medical advice in any form. Please consult with your own physician about medical issues.\nThis web site does not accept advertisements.\nPallimed: Case Conferences | Blogger Template adapted from Mash2 by Bloggermint

2019-04-21T18:09:13Z

"http://cases.pallimed.org/2009/01/using-cultural-specific-music-to.html"

cases.pallimed.org

Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Exercise before Surgery!! – Parkside Sports Physiotherapy\nSkip to content\nParkside Sports Physiotherapy\nWe are local, University trained Physiotherapists who offer safe, effective relief from pain, stiffness and injury.\nMain Menu\nwhy parkside?\nideal client\nfaq’s\nour team\nphysio services\nour blog\ncontact\nbook now\nCALL US (02) 9548 3372\nBook Online\nBlog Categories\nall\nAnkle\nBack Pain\nEndurance Training\nIndustry Articles\nOsteoarthritis\nOsteoporosis\nPilates\nRecovery\nResistance Training\nRunning\nShoulder\nSports Physiotherapy\nTriathlon\nUncategorised\nHip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Exercise before Surgery!!\nAre you 1 of the 2.1 million Australians who suffer from osteoarthritis?\nOsteoarthritis is a chronic disease which causes structural changes in joints. It often presents with pain, with or without stiffness and swelling around the joint, and can result in a significant loss of function.\nAs our population continues to age, so does the incidence of people diagnosed with osteoarthritis. 30% of people aged 65 or older report joint symptoms and there is approximately $1.6 billion spent on treating osteoarthritis every year.\nThis is becoming a major burden on our health system and while there is no cure for osteoarthritis, there are many ways to slow the progression of the disease and effective treatments to manage symptoms and improve function and quality of life.\nOsteoarthritis of the hip and knee causes a high burden on patients and the healthcare system. Many people believe that undergoing a joint replacement is the best and only solution to managing osteoarthritis. This however, is not the case.\nIn May of this 2017, a Clinical Care Standard of Osteoarthritis of the Knee was released which recommended conservative management as the best treatment for knee osteoarthritis. This however is not currently being practiced as almost 70% of NSW patients on the waiting list for knee replacement surgery have had no conservative management except for medication.\nConservative treatment is integral to slow the progression of the disease and can also be utilised in the prevention of osteoarthritis for the younger population.\nThe three main components of conservative management are:\nEducation: Education about osteoarthritis and possible treatments, such as lifestyle measures, medicines and joint protection aids, which can help you make a decision about the care you need in order to be able to self-manage your condition and return to your usual activities\nExercise: Exercise strategies tailored to your individual needs to reduce pain and improve function, specifically exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee joint and to improve overall fitness\nWeight control: One of the clear risk factors of OA is being overweight. Being overweight double’s a person’s risk of developing knee osteoarthritis, while obesity quadruples the risk. Losing a moderate amount of weight can improve symptoms and the physical capability of people with knee osteoarthritis*\nIt is never too early or too late to start thinking about the health of your hips and knees. Whether you experience any type of hip or knee pain, are in the early stages of osteoarthritis or later stages, your physiotherapist can help you to develop a plan towards healthy joints and a more active lifestyle.\nHere at Parkside Sports Physio we are able to examine and diagnose your hip and knee condition and give you a number of options including\nIndividual home-based exercise programs\nGroup Hip and Knee arthritis exercise programs (stay tuned for details very soon)\nHydrotherapy with our Physio Trish Loder\n*Osteoarthritis of the Knee Clinical Care Standard (May 2017)\nPosted by Matt McEwan on April 19, 2018 November 7, 2018\nREAD MORE RELATED JOURNAL ENTRIES\nBook Online\nOUR WEBSITE\nhome\nwhy parkside?\nour team\nphysio services\nour blog\ncontact\nOPENING HOURS\nMonday - Friday\nFirst appointment 8am\nLast appointment 7pm\nSaturday\nFirst appointment 8am\nLast appointment 11.30am\nCALL US (02) 9548 3372\nShop 1, 39-41 Railway Parade\nEngadine NSW 2233\[email protected]\n© Parkside Sports Physiotherapy 2019 | Custom website designed by Daydream Creative

2019-04-22T13:59:33Z

"http://parksidesportsphysio.com.au/hip-and-knee-osteoarthritis-exercise-before-surgery/"

parksidesportsphysio.com.au

First aid for a baby or child who has a burn\nSkip to main content\nBritish Red Cross\nMenu\nSearch\nDONATE\nBack\nGet help\nGet help\nBorrow a wheelchair\nBorrow a commode\nSupport at home\nHelp with loneliness\nFind missing family\nHelp for refugees\nHelp for young refugees\nHelp with money problems\nPrepare for emergencies\nHelp for victims of terrorism abroad\nGet involved\nGet involved\nDonate\nVolunteer\nFundraising and events\nPartner with us\nTeaching resources\nJobs\nFirst aid\nFirst aid\nLearn first aid skills\nBaby and child first aid\nDo a first aid course\nFind a first aid venue\nBecome a first aid volunteer\nGet first aid cover for events\nBuy a first aid kit\nAbout us\nAbout us\nWhat we do\nHow we're run\nWhat we stand for\nNews\nOur history\nContact us\nShop\nShop\nFind a charity shop\nDonate goods\nVolunteer in our shops\nFurniture and electrics\nBooks\nWedding dresses\nVintage and designer clothes\nShop online\nVisit our eBay shop\nLearn first aid for babies and children\nHome\nFirst aid\nLearn first aid for babies and children\nFirst aid for a baby or child who has a burn\nLearn first aid for a baby or child who has a burn\n1. Cool the burn under cold running water for at least ten minutes.\nCooling the burn will reduce pain, swelling and the risk of scarring. The faster and longer a burn is cooled with cold running water, the less the impact of the injury.\n2. After the burn has been cooled, cover it with cling film or a clean plastic bag.\nThis helps prevent infection by keeping the area clean. Cling film or plastic won’t stick to the burn and will reduce pain by keeping air from the skin’s surface.\n3. Call 999 if necessary.\nIf you can’t call 999, get someone else to do it.\nThe burn may need urgent medical treatment. Always seek medical advice for a baby or child who has been burned.\nWatch how to help a baby or child who has a burn (1 minute 25 seconds)\nCommon questions about first aid for a baby or child who has a burn\nIf clothes are stuck to the burn, should I try to remove them?\nWhy is cooling the burn important?\nShould I cool the burn for ten minutes first or should I go straight to hospital?\nCan I use a shower or cold bath to cool a burn?\nWhat should I do if the burn is still painful after I have cooled it for ten minutes and covered it with cling film?\nShould I put butter, cream or toothpaste on a burn?\nShould I use ice to cool the burn?\nHow do I know when to go to hospital?\nWhy do I always have to seek medical advice if a baby or child has been burned?\nShould I put a plaster over a burn to make sure it doesn't get infected?\nIf clothes are stuck to the burn, should I try to remove them?\nNo, don’t try to remove anything that is stuck to the burn as it may cause more damage.\nYou can remove clothing that is near the burn but not stuck to it.\nBack to questions\nWhy is cooling the burn important?\nCooling the burn is important because it helps reduce pain and lowers the risk of long-term scarring.\nBack to questions\nShould I cool the burn for ten minutes first or should I go straight to hospital?\nCool the burn under cold running water immediately and for at least ten minutes.\nIf necessary, call 999 while you are cooling the burn. Continue to cool the burn until the ambulance arrives.\nBack to questions\nCan I use a shower or cold bath to cool a burn?\nA shower is a good way of flooding the burn with cold water to help the cooling. Focus the water on the site of the burn rather than the whole limb or body. The water should be cold and at low pressure.\nAvoid putting their whole body under a cold shower or in a cold bath as it could induce hypothermia.\nBack to questions\nWhat should I do if the burn is still painful after I have cooled it for ten minutes and covered it with cling film?\nBurns will often be painful even after cooling them. You can give an appropriate dose of painkillers (paracetamol-based syrup) and reassure them to help them remain calm.\nAlways seek medical advice for a baby or child who has been burned.\nBack to questions\nShould I put butter, cream or toothpaste on a burn?\nNo, butter, cream or toothpaste will not cool the area. Butter and cream contain oils. Oils retain heat, which is the opposite of what you’re trying to do. Toothpaste often contains menthol, which may give a superficial feeling of cooling, but does not effectively help a burn.\nIf you put anything on top of a burn and it later needs to be removed in hospital, it may cause further pain and damage.\nBack to questions\nShould I use ice to cool the burn?\nNo, ice could damage the skin.\nUse cold water to cool the burn. If you don't have access to cold running water, pour other cold liquids such as milk, soft drinks or beer over the burn to cool it.\nBack to questions\nHow do I know when to go to hospital?\nIf a baby or child has been burned, seek medical advice, making sure you cool their burn for at least 10 minutes first.\nBack to questions\nWhy do I always have to seek medical advice if a baby or child has been burned?\nBurns can be very dangerous, depending on the age of the child and the size, depth and location of the injury. Even small burns can be potentially life-threatening to a baby or child, so always seek medical advice.\nBack to questions\nShould I put a plaster over a burn to make sure it doesn't get infected?\nNo, don’t use any adhesive bandages as they’ll stick to the skin and can cause further damage.\nAfter cooling, cover the burn with cling film or a clean plastic bag to help prevent infection.\nBack to questions\nEmail us if you have any other questions about first aid for a baby or child who has a burn.\nMore first aid skills:\nFirst aid for a baby who is choking\nFirst aid for a child who is choking\nYou might also want to:\nDownload the Baby and Child First Aid app\nKeep your little ones safe with our free app.\nFind out more\nLearn first aid on a course\nFind out about our first aid for baby and child course.\nFind out more\nIs this page useful?\nYes No\nThanks for your feedback\nHow should we improve this page?\nSend\nHome\nFirst aid\nLearn first aid for babies and children\nFirst aid for a baby or child who has a burn\nWe use cookies to make your experience of our website better. Our cookies policy explains what cookies are and how we use them. Please indicate whether you consent to us using cookies.\nYes, I consent No, I want to find out more\nCONTACT US\nJOBS\nSITEMAP\nCYMRAEG\nLOGIN\nTerms and conditions\nPrivacy\nCookies\nModern slavery statement\nAccessibility\nFacebook\nTwitter\nInstagram\nYouTube\nLinkedIn\n©2019 British Red Cross The British Red Cross Society, incorporated by Royal Charter 1908, is a charity registered in England and Wales (220949), Scotland (SC037738) and Isle of Man (0752).

2019-04-23T10:38:26Z

"https://www.redcross.org.uk/first-aid/learn-first-aid-for-babies-and-children/burns"

www.redcross.org.uk

Folic Acid – Page 2 – Nature's Vitamins\nSkip to content\nAll Natural Supplements Proudly Made in the USA\n(949) 770-3079\nFacebookTwitterPinterestInstagram\nMy Account\naccount\nNature's Vitamins\nA family owned high quality vitamin and supplement store\nHome\nAbout\nShop\nViva Vitamins\nBlog\nContact Us\n$0.000\nNo products in the cart.\nSubtotal: $0.00\nView Cart Checkout\nHome\nAbout\nShop\nViva Vitamins\nBlog\nContact Us\nCategory Archives: Folic Acid\nYou are here:\nHome\nCategory \"Folic Acid\"\n(Page 2)\nPrenatal Folic Acid Could Benefit Children’s Psychological Development\nBrain, brain health, Folic AcidBy developer May 13, 2017\nA new study finds that supplementation with Folic Acid has beneficial effects on the psychological development of children if taken during the first trimester and beyond. 39 women participated in this randomized controlled trial. 22 of the participating mothers supplemented with folic acid throughout their pregnancy while the remaining 17 only supplemented with folic acid…\nCould Folic Acid Decrease Dementia Risk?\nBrain, brain health, Dementia, Folic AcidBy developer December 31, 2016\nResearch suggests daily supplementation with folic acid may reduce the risk of having dementia in populations with low levels of this B vitamin and no program to fortify the diet with this nutraceutical. Data from over 1,300 participants was analyzed. Face to face interviews were done at the beginning of this study, the Three-City Study,…\nFolic Acid Fortification Linked to Lower Heart Defect Rates\ncardiovascular, Cardiovascular Health, Congenital Heart Disease, Folic Acid, VitaminsBy developer September 3, 2016\nAccording to new research, foods fortified with the B vitamin folic acid have been found to reduce the number of babies born with abnormalities of the heart by 11%. In this study data from a population based cohort study of almost 6,000,000 live births and stillbirths, which included late-pregnancy terminations, delivered after a gestation period…\n12\n© 2016 Earth Wise Nutrition. All Rights Reserved.\nShipping Policy\nPrivacy Policy\nContact Us\nWebsite Design by Web Casa Design\nfooter\nGo to Top

2019-04-22T04:58:48Z

"https://naturesvitaminsonline.com/category/folic-acid/page/2/"

naturesvitaminsonline.com

Therapy | Balance Stress Management & Therapy\n(847) 450-0524 [email protected]\nHome\nAbout\nAbout the Founder\nInsurances\nAffiliations\nNow Hiring\nTherapy\nProviders\nContact\nBlog\nInsurance\nSelect Page\nOur Therapies\nEMDR and Trauma Therapy\nEMDR is a form of therapy which uses alternating bilateral stimulation to reprocess traumatic events...\nEMDR is a form of therapy which uses alternating bilateral stimulation to reprocess traumatic events. These events can be “small t” or “big T” trauma events. There is also Relational Trauma such as when a loved one has betrayed you or caused you great pain. Attachment trauma is when an infant or child is emotionally abandoned by a parent or caregiver.\nAccording to Dr. Francine Shapiro, a psychologist who developed this process, patients are capable of EMDR reprocessing negative self-distorted thoughts into positive, self-healing thoughts, given appropriate conditions or tools and proper environment. When a stressful or traumatic event occurs in a person’s life, the memory of that event can become locked into the nervous system with the original picture, sounds, thoughts and feelings. This information can become distorted and significantly alter their perception of that event. EMDR uses bilateral, side-to-side stimulation, while bringing in all of the sensory elements of the event to help the client reprocess and re-integrate positive information and release negative self-destructive thoughts. The key element is the alternating stimulation integrating the left side of the brain with the right side of the brain to bring the traumatic event to resolution.\nSee EMDR Website for Further Information.\nArt Therapy\nArt Therapy is a therapeutic approach in which clients, facilitated by the therapist, use art media...\nArt Therapy is a therapeutic approach in which clients, facilitated by the therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, manage behavior and addictions, develop social skills, improve reality orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase self-esteem. A goal in art therapy is to improve or restore a client’s functioning and his or her sense of personal well-being.\nDuring individual and/or group sessions, art therapists elicit their clients’ inherent capacity for art making to enhance their physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Research supports the use of art therapy within a professional relationship for the therapeutic benefits gained through artistic self-expression and reflection for individuals who experience illness, trauma, and mental health problems, and those seeking personal growth.\nMindfulness\nMindfulness is a state of active, open attention on the present. When you’re mindful, you observe your thoughts and feelings from a distance...\nMindfulness is a state of active, open attention on the present. When you’re mindful, you observe your thoughts and feelings from a distance, without judging them good or bad. Instead of letting your life pass you by, mindfulness means living in the moment and awakening to experience. When you are mindful, you are not thinking. Mindfulness is a process of thought-stopping, to help get you out of past or future thinking and into the now.\nThere is a core self that is a place of silence, freedom, and total peace. The goal of treatment at Balance is to help clients start to feel the deepest layer of their being and find their way back to the center, to who they really are and where the real power of healing lies. Once the patient knows the way there, they can actively heal and grow more and more, simply by living with this new aspect of mind, this living silence of mindfulness.\nMindfulness is a powerful tool that Balance teaches its clients to help them learn how to quiet their thinking, and thereby more effectively experience and explore the present moment. Today, with so many things to worry about and so many distractions, maintaining our attention on what is happening right now is often very difficult. Balance staff has developed a highly distinct and deep understanding that capitalizes on the silence of the body and the precision and focus of the mind to help people reach the healing that resides within us all. Clients, regardless of their diagnosis, can all benefit from mindfulness, and we make every effort to connect with the client wherever they are on this path.\nFamily Therapy\nFamily therapy is a type of psychological counseling (psychotherapy) that helps family members improve communication...\nFamily therapy is a type of psychological counseling (psychotherapy) that helps family members improve communication and resolve conflicts that is usually provided by a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. It is often short term and may include all family members or just those able or willing to participate. Your specific treatment plan will depend on your family’s situation.\nFamily therapy sessions can teach you skills to deepen family connections and get through stressful times, even after you’re done going to therapy sessions. It can help you improve troubled relationships with your spouse, children, or other family members. You may address specific issues such as marital or financial problems, conflict between parents and children, or the impact of substance abuse or a mental illness on the entire family. Family therapy can be useful in any family situation that causes stress, grief, anger or conflict. It can help you and your family members understand one another better and bring you closer together.\nCouples Therapy\nCouples therapy at Balance Stress Management and Therapy is not just about talking with you. Yes, we want to hear what’s going on in your relationship...\nCouples therapy at Balance Stress Management and Therapy is not just about talking with you. Yes, we want to hear what’s going on in your relationship and lives, but we also want to give you practical steps to improve your relationship. It’s action oriented and solution focused.\nBuild Love Maps: How well do you know your partner’s inner psychological world, his or her history, worries, stresses, joys, and hopes?\nShare Fondness and Admiration: The antidote for contempt, this level focuses on the amount of affection and respect within a relationship. (To strengthen fondness and admiration, express appreciation and respect.)\nTurn Towards: State your needs, be aware of bids for connection and respond to (turn towards) them. The small moments of everyday life are actually the building blocks of relationship.\nThe Positive Perspective: The presence of a positive approach to problem-solving and the success of repair attempts.\nManage Conflict: We say “manage” conflict rather than “resolve” conflict, because relationship conflict is natural and has functional, positive aspects. Understand that there is a critical difference in handling perpetual problems and solvable problems.\nMake Life Dreams Come True: Create an atmosphere that encourages each person to talk honestly about his or her hopes, values, convictions and aspirations.\nCreate Shared Meaning: Understand important visions, narratives, myths, and metaphors about your relationship.\nTrust: This is the state that occurs when a person knows that his or her partner acts and thinks to maximize that person’s best interests and benefits, not just the partner’s own interests and benefits. In other words, this means, “My partner has my back and is there for me.”\nCommitment: This means believing (and acting on the belief) that your relationship with this person is completely your lifelong journey, for better or for worse (meaning that if it gets worse you will both work to improve it). It implies cherishing your partner’s positive qualities and nurturing gratitude by comparing the partner favorably with real or imagined others, rather than trashing the partner by magnifying negative qualities, and nurturing resentment by comparing unfavorably with real or imagined others.\nIndividual Therapy\nIndividual Therapy is a joint process between a therapist and a person in therapy. Common goals of therapy can be to inspire change or improve quality of life....\nIndividual Therapy is a joint process between a therapist and a person in therapy. Common goals of therapy can be to inspire change or improve quality of life. People may seek therapy for help with issues that are hard to face alone. Individual therapy is also called therapy, psychotherapy, psychosocial therapy, talk therapy, and counseling.\nTherapy can help people overcome obstacles to their well-being. It can increase positive feelings, such as compassion and self-esteem. People in therapy can learn skills for handling difficult situations, making healthy decisions, and reaching goals. Many find they enjoy the therapeutic journey of becoming more self-aware. Some people even go to ongoing therapy for self-growth.\nGroup Therapy\nGroup Therapy at Balance Stress Management and Therapy is a great alternative or addition to individual therapy...\nGroup Therapy at Balance Stress Management and Therapy is a great alternative or addition to individual therapy. Group therapy provides benefits that individual therapy may not. Psychologists say, in fact, that group members are almost always surprised by how rewarding the group experience can be.\nGroups can act as a support network and a sounding board. Other members of the group often help you come up with specific ideas for improving a difficult situation or life challenge and hold you accountable along the way.\nRegularly talking and listening to others also helps you put your own problems in perspective. Many people experience mental health difficulties, but few speak openly about them to people they don’t know well. Oftentimes, you may feel like you are the only one struggling — but you’re not. It can be a relief to hear others discuss what they’re going through and realize you’re not alone.\nDiversity is another important benefit of group therapy. People have different personalities and backgrounds and they look at situations in different ways. By seeing how other people tackle problems and make positive changes, you can discover a whole range of strategies for facing your own concerns. Please check the Fabebook Page and Blog for group updates.\nLGBTQ Issues\nAffirming and supportive counseling & psychotherapy services for LGBTQ individuals, couples and families...\nWe are 100% committed to serving LGBTQ clients on their healing journeys. “…I want LGBTQ clients to know that I support them and their families. Being affirmative means I treat loving couples, families, and transgender people with the dignity, respect, and affirmation they deserve; they are fine just the way they are.” –Schillinger\nAffirming and supportive counseling & psychotherapy services for LGBTQ individuals, couples and families.\nPersons who are lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT) face unique challenges and concerns.\nAt Balance we’ve been supporting LGBTQ people and their families for years. Through our specialized LGBTQ services, we offer mental health services specifically tailored to address the needs of LGBTQ individuals, couples and their families, provided by therapists who are experienced in working with LGBTQ clients and who understand the issues that impact their lives.\nIndividual, couple and family counseling and psychotherapy to help clients dealing with issues including:\nUnderstanding sexual orientation & gender identity\nWhen mom or dad is LGBTQ\n“Coming out” and disclosure to family, friends & co-workers\nRelationship satisfaction\nCoping with social stigma, bias & homophobia\nChallenges for couples\nParenting an LGBTQ child\nDepression and anxiety\nRelationships with family and friends\nRainbow Families, a specialized therapy program for LGBTQ parents facing child-rearing issues such as:\nHow (and when) to come out to your children\nPreparing your kids for their friends’ inevitable questions\nHelping your sons and daughters understand their origins\nHow your sexual orientation/gender identity impacts their own\nCoping with the heterosexism of schools, camps, and community organizations\nShould same-sex households provide opposite-sex influences?\nChallenges in everyday child management and child rearing\nPlay Therapy\nPlay therapy differs from regular play in that the therapist helps children to address and resolve their own problems...\nPlay therapy differs from regular play in that the therapist helps children to address and resolve their own problems. Play therapy builds on the natural way that children learn about themselves and their relationships in the world around them. Through play therapy, children learn to communicate with others, express feelings, modify behavior, develop problem-solving skills, and learn a variety of ways of relating to others. Play provides a safe psychological distance from their problems, and allows expression of thoughts and feelings appropriate to their development.\nMarriage Therapy\nMarriage Therapy, also called Marriage Counseling, at Balance Stress Management and Therapy is a service many of our providers specialize in...\nMarriage Therapy, also called Marriage Counseling, at Balance Stress Management and Therapy is a service many of our providers specialize in.\nMarriage rates supposedly are on the decline. While it’s an oft-repeated statistic that 50 percent of first marriages end in divorce, that number has remained unchanged for the past 30 years. Divorce rates also vary with the partners’ level of education, religious beliefs, and many other factors.\nBut when divorce does happen, it results in difficulties for adults as well as children. For adults, divorce can be one of life’s most stressful life events. The decision to divorce often is met with ambivalence and uncertainty about the future. If children are involved, they may experience negative effects such as denial, feelings of abandonment, anger, blame, guilt, preoccupation with reconciliation, and acting out.\nWhile divorce may be necessary and the healthiest choice for some, others may wish to try to salvage whatever is left of the union. When couples encounter problems or issues, they may wonder when it is appropriate to seek marriage counseling. Here are seven good reasons.\n1. Communication has become negative. Once communication has deteriorated, often it is hard to get it going back in the right direction. Negative communication can include anything that leaves one partner feeling depressed, insecure, disregarded, or wanting to withdraw from the conversation. This can also include the tone of the conversation. It is important to remember that it’s not always what you say, but how you say it.\nNegative communication can also include any communication that not only leads to hurt feelings, but emotional or physical abuse, as well as nonverbal communication.\n2. When one or both partners consider having an affair, or one partner has had an affair. Recovering from an affair is not impossible, but it takes a lot of work. It takes commitment and a willingness to forgive and move forward. There is no magic formula for recovering from an affair. But if both individuals are committed to the therapy process and are being honest, the marriage may be salvaged. At the very least, it may be determined that it is healthier for both individuals to move on.\n3. When the couple seems to be “just occupying the same space.” When couples become more like roommates than a married couple, this may indicate a need for counseling. This does not mean if the couple isn’t doing everything together they are in trouble. If there is a lack of communication, conversation and intimacy or any other elements the couple feels are important and they feel they just “co-exist,” this may be an indication that a skilled clinician can help sort out what is missing and how to get it back.\n4. When the partners do not know how to resolve their differences. “Now you know, and knowing is half the battle.” For me, that phrase comes to mind with this situation. When a couple begins to experience discord and they are aware of the discord, knowing is only half the battle. Many imes I have heard couples say, “We know what’s wrong, but we just don’t know how to fix it.”. This is a perfect time to get a third party involved. If a couple is stuck, a skilled clinician may be able to get them moving in the right direction.\n5. When one partner begins to act out on negative feelings. I believe what we feel on the inside shows on the outside. Even if we are able to mask these feelings for a while, they are bound to surface. Negative feelings such as resentment or disappointment can turn into hurtful, sometimes harmful behaviors. I can recall a couple where the wife was very hurt by her husband’s indiscretions. Although she agreed to stay in the relationship and work things out, she became very spiteful. The wife would purposefully do things to make her husband think she was being unfaithful even though she wasn’t. She wanted her husband to feel the same pain she felt, which was counterproductive. A skilled clinician can help the couple sort out negative feelings and find better ways to express them.\n6. When the only resolution appears to be separation. When a couple disagrees or argues, a break often is very helpful. However, when a timeout turns into an overnight stay away from home or eventually leads to a temporary separation, this may indicate a need for counseling. Spending time away from home does not usually resolve the situation. Instead, it reinforces the thought that time away is helpful, often leading to more absences. When the absent partner returns, the problem is still there, but often avoided because time has passed.\n7. When a couple is staying together for the sake of the children. If a couple feels it is wise to stay together for the sake of the children, it may help to involve an objective third party. Often couples believe that they are doing the right thing when staying together actually is detrimental to the children. On the contrary, if the couple is able to resolve issue and move toward a positive, healthy relationship, this may be the best decision for all involved.\nIn my opinion, children should never be the deciding factor when couples are determining whether to stay together. I recall working with an adolescent who was having trouble in school. She was acting out and her grades were declining. After a few sessions she stated, “I know my parents really don’t like each other.” When I asked her why, she replied, “They are nice to each other, but they never smile or laugh like my friends’ parents.”\nChildren are generally very intuitive and intelligent. No matter how couples may think they are able to fake their happiness, most children are able to tell.\nAll marriages are not salvageable. In the process of marriage counseling, some couples may discover it is healthier for them to be apart. However, for those relationships that can be salvaged, and for those couples willing to commit to the process, marriage counseling may be able to remind them why they fell in love and keep them that way.\nPremarital Counseling\nPremarital counseling is a type of therapy that helps couples prepare for marriage...\nPremarital counseling is a type of therapy that helps couples prepare for marriage. Premarital counseling can help ensure that you and your partner have a strong, healthy relationship — giving you a better chance for a stable and satisfying marriage. Premarital counseling can also help you identify weaknesses that could become problems during marriage.\nPremarital counseling is often provided by licensed therapists known as marriage and family therapists. These therapists have graduate or postgraduate degrees — and many choose to become credentialed by the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT). Premarital counseling might be offered through religious institutions as well. In fact, some spiritual leaders require premarital counseling before conducting a marriage ceremony.\nPremarital counseling can help couples improve their relationships before marriage. Through premarital counseling, couples are encouraged to discuss topics related to marriage, such as:\nFinances\nCommunication\nBeliefs and values\nRoles in marriage\nAffection and sex\nChildren and parenting\nFamily relationships\nDecision-making\nDealing with anger\nTime spent together\nPremarital counseling helps partners improve their ability to communicate, set realistic expectations for marriage and develop conflict-resolution skills. In addition, premarital counseling can help couples establish a positive attitude about seeking help down the road.\nKeep in mind that you bring your own values, opinions and history into a relationship, and they might not always match your partner’s. In addition, many people go into marriage believing it will fulfill their social, financial, sexual and emotional needs — and that’s not always the case. By discussing differences and expectations before marriage, you and your partner can better understand and support each other during marriage.\nEarly intervention is important because the risk of divorce is highest early in marriage.\nAromatherapy\nAromatherapy is used alongside of health and wellness treatments and can be used for insomnia, anxiety, pain and itching...\nAromatherapy is used alongside of health and wellness treatments and can be used for insomnia, anxiety, pain and itching. Chemical compounds in some essential oils have been shown to have anti-fungal and antimicrobial properties. Emotions and memories are linked to the olfactory system. This system’s primary processing pathway involves the limbic system and the amygdala is the only sensory system that involves the amygdala. This link allows an understanding of fragrance and memory. For example, many people associate the smell of cinnamon with cookies or a cake baking in the oven. This pleasant smell recalls a sense of home or sharing a meal with people. Generally speaking, aromatherapy is thought to promote changes in mood and in relaxation in individuals.\nMany medical professionals believe the inhalation of essential oils can communicate signals to the olfactory system and stimulate the brain to exert neurotransmitters (e.g. serotonin and dopamine) thereby further regulating mood\nHolistic Nutritionist Coaching\nHelp clients by creating an individualized plan for healthy eating...\nHolistic Nutritionist Coaching is provided through one of our Holistic Nutritionist Coaches. It can help clients by creating an individualized plan for healthy eating. A Holistic Nutritionists job description includes duties such as assessing the clients’ health needs, counseling them on healthy eating habits, and developing customized meal plans with an eye toward the client’s food preferences and food costs. Holistic Nutritionists may also be called upon to educate the public by speaking to groups about diet and health. Holistic nutrition is a dynamic field, and nutritionists keep up with the latest research in order to provide the best advice for their clients.\nHolistic Nutritionists subscribe to the principles of holistic nutrition, which advocates providing for optimum health in the long term by eating a balanced, personalized diet. Healthy eating means moving away from genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) and antibiotics found in the food supply toward more natural, nutritious food grown in high quality soil. More and more, healthy eating is shown to prevent physical problems, improve energy levels and correct imbalances and deficiencies in the body. Holistic Nutritionists also recommend diets that help clients improve their mood.\nA Holistic Nutritionist educates the client about the benefits of “superfoods” to prevent illness, such as the omega-3 fatty acids in wild salmon to promote a healthy heart. Holistic Nutritionists evaluate the health of each client and offer customized diet recommendations based on their findings. For example, a HolisticNutritionist may teach a client suffering from high blood pressure how certain foods can be creating the high blood pressure.\nThe goal for the Holistic Nutritionist is to advise clients about which foods to eat, and which foods to avoid, for improved health.\nMusic Therapy\nMusic Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship...\nMusic Therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. From American Music Therapy Association (2013)\nWhat does music therapy involve?\nTo begin, your music therapist will assess your strengths and needs in multiple areas of functioning including: your emotional well-being, your physical health, your social functioning, communication skills, and cognition. This is all done through the use of music and musical tools. However, you do not need any musical ability to participate. Then based on your needs, music therapy sessions are designed to target your specific goals for wellness and functioning. During music therapy sessions, you will have the opportunity to engage with the music therapist using music improvisation, receptive music listening, song writing, lyric discussion, music and imagery, music performance and more. Music therapy treatment plans are designed specific to your needs but can be implemented in group or individual settings.\nWhat are some common music therapy goals?\nIncrease communication, even for those who find it difficult to express themselves using words.\nPhysical rehabilitation for learning new or lost skills like walking, stepping, gross and fine motor movement.\nProvide emotional support and creative outlet for families and loved ones during trauma, emotional distress, loss and bereavement.\nIncreasing self-awareness and expression of emotion.\nWho can benefit from music therapy?\nPeople of all ages and abilities can benefit from music therapy. This includes: infants, children, adolescents, adults, the elderly and their caregivers. Music is a whole brain, whole body experience. Therefore, even those with the lower levels of verbal and auditory skills can still participate and benefit. Skills and strengths gained in music therapy sessions are transferred to many other areas of life, providing great therapeutic benefit across the lifespan.\nWhat needs can music therapy help address?\nDuring music therapy treatment, music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs. Specific mental health needs including anxiety, depression, personal identity issues and grief can be addressed with the addition of music wellness routines. Individuals living with developmental and learning disabilities can benefit from the holistic approaches of music therapy that target both developmental goals like attention and communication but also encourage appropriate social interactions, awareness and self-expression. Families who care for a loved one living with Alzheimer’s and other aging related conditions can benefit from the routine and opportunity for reminiscence that music therapy provides. Even those expecting babies or living with very young infants can benefit from music therapy treatment for bonding, healing and optimal development.\nReiki\nReiki is a form of energy healing that can promote the body’s natural physical, emotional, mental and spiritual healing...\nReiki is a form of energy healing that can promote the body’s natural physical, emotional, mental and spiritual healing. Reiki is made of two Japanese words – Rei which means “God’s Wisdom or the Higher Power” and Ki which is “life force energy.” The practice and philosophy of Reiki is that the body is able to heal itself when energy flows. Reiki is not a religion, nor is it part of a particular spiritual belief system. Reiki cannot cause harm.\nReiki is a gentle and safe healing practice that was developed by Dr. Mikao Usui in the 1920’s. Reiki is geared towards removing energy blocks in the body. These blocks can be physical, emotional, mental, or spiritual. These blocks are thought to be caused by stress and pain. During a Reiki Session a practitioner places his or her hands above or on the client to allow the universal life force energy to flow. Reiki does not use the practitioner’s energy and is safe for both the practitioner as well as the Reiki recipient.\nDuring a session a person may feel heat, tingling or cooling sensations as blocks are removed. Many clients get to a deep state of peace and relaxation during a session. A goal in Reiki is to balance a person’s energy, restoring it where it may be low.\nExecutive Functioning Training\nExecutive Functioning Training focused on the body’s executive function, controlled by the frontal lobe...\nExecutive Functioning Training focused on the body’s executive function, controlled by the frontal lobe. The executive function is a set of skills that help people “get things done.” These skills allow us to successfully manage time, plan, focus, self monitor and organize. In individuals that have executive function impairments these skills are weakened and as such school and relationships may be affected, Executive function therapy may consist of small group or whole group sessions and skills such as think, plan, do and how to read a room are taught. Individuals are explicitly taught organizational skills and how to strengthen working memory. Real life and school/classroom applications are used to generalize these strategies.\nOccupational Therapy (OT)\nOccupational Therapy (OT) as a profession began in 1917 and has evolved into a dynamic area of rehabilitation that treats a wide variety of diagnoses throughout the human life cycle...\nOccupational Therapy (OT) as a profession began in 1917 and has evolved into a dynamic area of rehabilitation that treats a wide variety of diagnoses throughout the human life cycle. OT utilizes functional activities and exercises to build the skills needed to meet the demands of a clients ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) or IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living). An Occupational Therapist can work in a wide variety of settings including hospitals, schools, clinics and private practice. OT aims to promote health and wellness by helping a client and their family overcome the challenges they face from a recent diagnosis, developmental delay or injury and also can help prevent future injury by optimizing ones individual performance.\nA typical OT session consists of a detailed evaluation of the patient’s diagnosis, medical history and list of concerns including their daily activities and demands. The therapist will then put together a detailed rehabilitation program to focus on the skills needed to achieve and even surpass their clients goals. This may include physical or emotional exercise, home modifications and specific skill development. As the client progresses through their program the therapist will adjust the treatment demands as needed to provide the right amount of challenge to ensure achievement.\nOccupational Therapy provided at Balance Stress Management will focus on clients of all ages in need of a comprehensive rehabilitation program encompassing mind, body and spirit. Each rehabilitation program will be customized to cater to the needs of the client and their family or support system.\nNeurofeedback Training\nNeurofeedback Training (NFB) is an innovative, non-invasive, and safe method that improves brain function and enhances brain health...\nNeurofeedback Training (NFB) is an innovative, non-invasive, and safe method that improves brain function and enhances brain health. The main value of Neurofeedback is that it targets the underlying dysregulation in the brain. Good self-regulation is necessary for optimal brain function.\nIn a typical neurofeedback training session, the client is seated in a comfortable chair in front of a video screen watching a movie. During the training process the clinician observes the brainwaves in action as a real-time movie, and then rewards the brain for changing its own activity to more appropriate patterns. Neurofeedback gently encourages the brain to self-regulate and produce healthier brainwave patterns. This ultimately improves thinking, behavior patterns, and he emotional state.\nDecades of practice have demonstrated the effectiveness of Neurofeedback in improving the quality of life through symptom reduction in individuals with a wide range of issues:\nAttention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)\nDepression\nAnxiety\nLearning disabilities\nAutism spectrum disorder\nNeurofeedback could be an option for people who are looking for a natural alternative to medication, or do not respond well to traditional methods of treatment. Experienced clinicians have reported that Neurofeedback has success rates of 60% to 80%, with virtually no side effects.\nChild and Adolescents Therapy\nChild and Adolescents Therapy is similar to therapy for adults as children and adolescents can participate in and benefit from counseling...\nChild and Adolescents Therapy is similar to therapy for adults as children and adolescents can participate in and benefit from counseling. Counseling can help children and adolescents learn how to identify causes of their distress, develop their skills in asking for help and expressing emotions, and improve their problem-solving abilities.\nOur approach to child/adolescent therapy is holistic and strength-based. We seek to identify and develop strength and growth areas, while reducing distress and increasing coping skills.\nChildren, just like adults, experience stress. Common stressors for children include school and family issues. School stressors may include excessive or difficult homework, test anxiety, peer pressure, bullying, and learning difficulties. Family issues may include parental arguing, divorce, moving homes, new sibling, major illness, death, loss, and transitions.\nIf you notice a change in your child’s behavior (e.g., inattention, arguing, withdrawing) or emotions (e.g. depressed, angry, worried, stress) and think they may need help, child/adolescent therapy may be a good resource.\nSpecific therapy goals are customized to meet the needs of the child and their family. The overall goal of our child and adolescent therapy program is to alleviate symptoms of distress; improve the child’s social and emotional resources; increase their use of effective communication skills; and strengthen family, community, and peer relationships.\nWe strive to create an environment where a child/adolescent feels safe and protected from real or perceived threats to their sense of control. We then work collaboratively with the child/adolescent to identify their areas of distress, examine and express their feelings by expanding their emotional vocabulary, and develop positive ways to cope and thrive in their environments.\nBalance is a structural family therapy environment. This means that we always include families into sessions with children. Family members that we may include (e.g., parents, grandparents, siblings), teachers, and caregivers. The amount of time and frequency of involvement of others is unique to the child/adolescent and family’s situation. We understand that many parents have questions about their child/adolescent’s therapeutic process and progress. Therefore, we often reserve part of every session to touch base with parents/caregivers to answer questions and provide updates, as appropriate.\nNeurofeedback and Peak Performance\nNeurofeedback and Peak Performance makes it possible for athletes to gain the competitive edge in sports and in life without having to spend more hours practicing....\nNeurofeedback and Peak Performance makes it possible for athletes to gain the competitive edge in sports and in life without having to spend more hours practicing. By identifying areas of the brain pertinent for performance enhancement and improving their functioning, behaviors can be altered; athletic deficits, areas of weakness, and even extraneous distractions can be eliminated from the game. Different sports place different demands on the brain. As such, treatment is tailored to the specific needs of the athlete based on a comprehensive evaluation. Treatment has been found to be effective in many different sports despite the position played by the athlete.\nIn addition to alleviating psychological symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) and sports related injuries (e.g., concussions, migraines, muscle tension) that can interfere with sports performance, neurofeedback training can improve various areas necessary for peak performance: Relaxation, Focus, Agility and Timing, as well as maintaining and/or enhancing motivation. Pressure to perform can be intrinsic or extrinsic, but whatever the cause, pressure can have damaging effects if the athlete is unable to effectively manage it. Unexpected mistakes as a result of unmanaged pressure can be costly during competition for the athlete or the team as a whole. With training, an athlete can become more comfortable performing in high pressure situations without buckling or choking. This training becomes essential especially for those athletes in specialty positions/sports. Coupled with relaxation, training to improve focus further helps an athlete to eliminate distractions from opponents, the crowd, and/or self talk that can inhibit optimal performance. Many times athletes can be their own worst enemy; focusing on past failures removes the athlete’s confidence, setting them up to fail as long as they remain unfocused and self-criticizing.\n“Neurofeedback tries to block this downward spiral of self-destructive doubting. When it works, it helps the player find ‘the zone’ and stay in it”. Finally, agility and timing also become an important factor for peak performance. An athlete already has the skill to compete in his/her chosen sport while meeting the demands of his/her position, but he/she needs to fine tune their skills in order to be effective on a consistent basis. Split-second decisions become easier through training, and the athlete becomes better able to perform as the movements become automatic.\nSports psychologists have been around for many years, helping athletes through techniques such as visualization, hypnosis, and imagery. However, neurofeedback goes a step further by retraining the brain for optimal performance. Many sports teams around the world are beginning to turn to neurofeedback in order to become more successful on the playing field. In 2006, the Italian soccer team received neurofeedback training and when they won the World Cup, they attributed their win to that very training. The Canadian free ski team also used neurofeedback to reach peak performance levels in the 2010 winter Olympics, while the Vancouver Canucks turned to the same training in their race for the Stanley Cup in 2011. In addition to the successful Italian soccer team and Canadian skiers and hockey players, the tennis champion, Mary Pierce, and Olympic gold medalist skier, Hermann Maier have spoken in support of neurofeedback training.\nNeurofeedback is helping athletes to gain the competitive edge over their opponents. Allowing athletes to reach their optimal mental and physical state necessary to be successful on the field, training is an investment in their career in themselves.\nVirtual Therapy\nBalance Stress Management & Therapy offers virtual therapy to patients in select states...\nBalance Stress Management & Therapy offers virtual therapy to patients in select states. This service is private pay and is 100%.\nPlease contact our scheduling team for more details!\n(847) 450-0524\[email protected]\nContact Us\nGet In Touch\nMenu\nAbout\nAffiliations\nInsurances\nNow Hiring\nBlog\nContact\nHome\nProviders\nAbout the Founder\nTherapy\nRecent Posts\n6 Ways For Overcoming Defeat\nSpring Decluttering\nSelf Care – The Power of Recharging Your Batteries\nWhy is the waitstaff in Mexico so SLOW?\nTips for Loving Yourself\nPlease follow & like us :)\nDesigned by Farm it Out! Design, Inc.\nBalance Stress Management and Therapy • Copyright 2019

2019-04-23T23:52:40Z

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The Honest Dietitian: Is Magnesium the answer to preventing migraines?\nPages\nHome\nAbout Me\nRecipes\nResources\nFavorites\nMedia Kit\nSaturday, September 17, 2016\nIs Magnesium the answer to preventing migraines?\nI have been a migraine sufferer for over twenty years. Anyone who has experience with migraines knows that over time you can get better at identifying the triggers for these debilitating and painful headaches, but sometimes they just happen for what seems like no reason at all. I was having some horrible allergies a couple of years ago and decided to go to an allergist and have the skin-prick allergy testing done. Afterwards when the allergist was reviewing my results with me, he asked me “do you suffer from migraines” and I said “yes”. He then circled a recommendation on my instructions form that stated: 500mg Magnesium Oxide BID (BID- twice a day in medical terminology). Then, he circled some additional recommendations for some expensive pillows, air purifier, etc., which I really did not need and sent me on my way with about four different medication prescriptions that I really did not need either.\nI didn’t pay any attention to the magnesium recommendation until about a year ago, I was having a minimum of 7 migraines a month and my primary care physician was really trying everything with me, including blood pressure medication. Nothing was helping with preventing the migraines, though I could treat them acutely with Relpax, a migraine medication that is my lifeline when they occur. The “migraine hangovers” were exhausting and between being a full-time graduate student, work, and parenting, I couldn’t afford to keep feeling crappy. So, in my nutrition research methodology course last year, I was able to pick a topic to study and chose to look at magnesium’s role in migraine and neuroinflammation. Instead of posting the entire 20-page research paper on the blog, I will summarize some key points for you here:\nPeople have no idea how much magnesium they should be taking.\nThe Dietary Reference Intakes for magnesium include the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of magnesium for children ages 1-3 as 80mg/d, ages 4-8 as 130mg/d, ages 9-13 as 240mg/d, and ages 14 and older between 320mg and 420mg depending on gender, age, pregnancy and lactation status. The Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for Supplemental Magnesium are 65mg/d for children ages 1-3, 110mg/d for ages 4-8, and 350mg/d for individuals greater than 8 years (including pregnant and lactating). In terms of recommendations for migraine headache, the American Headache Society (AHS) and the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) updated their key recommendations and guidelines for the assessment and treatment of episodic migraine in 2012. The recommendations for magnesium supplementation from the AHS and AAN are 600 mg trigmagnesium dicitrate qd (or four times a day), which is considered as “probably effective” for patients requiring migraine prophylaxis. But, for those people who do an internet search, they will find that webmd.com provides recommendations for preventing migraine using 500mg/d of magnesium and that this is only effective after someone has taken the magnesium for a minimum of 3 months. The recommendations for preventing migraines via magnesium supplementation are always well above what the dietary guidelines consider to be acceptable, inconsistent, and confusing.\nPeople are not eating enough foods with magnesium.\nThe scientific report from the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) advisory committee included a data analysis of nutrients of concerns that were either being over consumed or under consumed with both being of public health concern. One of the conclusions of this analysis is that the general US population ages 2 years and older are under consuming magnesium relative to the Estimated Adequate Requirement (EAR). The identification of the under consumption of magnesium has resulted in the recommendations that people in America should consume more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in a diet that is nutrient-dense and emphasizes variety in order to meet the EAR requirements. Since the DGA analysis has identified magnesium as a nutrient that is being under consumed, it is plausible to think that the reason why exceeding the UL for magnesium supplementation has not been an issue in the past is because people are already magnesium deficient to begin with.\nHere is a link to a wonderful list of Magnesium Rich Foods\nMigraine research is not a funding priority.\nAccording to the American Migraine Foundation, the current state of funding in migraine research is extremely poor with the major source of government funding through the National Institute of Health (NIH) only contributing 0.012% of its budget to headache research. In 2013, migraine research received a mere 19 million dollars of funding from the NIH when compared to other chronic condition such as diabetes, which received 1,107 million dollars of funding and asthma received 207 million dollars of funding. Magnesium supplementation has shown great promise as a prophylactic (preventative) treatment for migraine prevention, but there is much research needed to identify the proper dosage, length of treatment, and people appropriate for this intervention.\nMigraine headaches are a debilitating condition that has been overlooked as a medical priority for much too long. This painful condition affects nearly 12-17% of the United States population, resulting in loss of productivity at home and at work, but most importantly a loss in the quality of life for those who suffer from it. People who suffer from migraine are in great need of effective treatments that are safe for use and do not come with risky side effects, which is why dietary supplements have often been suggested by physicians, with magnesium being the most frequently recommended supplement for migraine prevention. Magnesium has been studied as a therapy to prevent and treat migraine headaches since those who suffer from migraine headaches are often found as having lower serum ionized magnesium than those who do not experience migraine headaches. Also, magnesium supplementation has been used to provide neuroprotection in individuals who experience brain trauma and neuroinflammation. Research on the role of magnesium in migraine prevention and treatment is being done but there is undoubtedly a need to make this research a great priority so that many people can get back to living their lives without the pain and suffering that comes from this condition. So, if you are a migraine sufferer and want to give magnesium a shot, talk it over with your physicians and if you need help determining how much magnesium you are typically eating in your diet and how to add magnesium-rich foods into your diet, talk to a dietitian.\n· Martin BR, Seaman DR. Dietary and lifestyle changes in the treatment of a 23-year-old female patient with migraine. J Chiropr Med 2015;14(3):205-11.\n· Assarzadegan F, Asadollahi M, Derakhshanfar H, Kashefizadeh A, Aryani O, Khorshidi M. Measuring serum level of ionized magnesium in patients with migraine. Iran J Child Neurol 2015;9(3):13-6.\n· Vennemeyer JJ, Hopkins T, Kuhlmann J, Heineman WR, Pixley SK. Effects of elevated magnesium and substrate on neuronal numbers and neurite outgrowth of neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. J Neurosci Res 2014;84:72-8.\n· Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. DRI Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. 1997. Internet: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23115811\n· American Headache Society. Magnesium Information Sheet. Version October 2013. Internet:http://www.americanheadachesociety.org/assets/1/7/Magnesium_\n· 2015 Scientific Report from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee. http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/06- chapter-1/d1-2.asp.\n· American Migraine Foundation. Migraine Research. 2016. Internet: http://www.americanmigrainefoundation.org/migraine-research/\n· WebMD. Prevention: The Future of Migraine Therapy. Version current 4 May 2010). Internet: http://www.grants.gov/web/grants/search- grants.html?keywords=migraine\nPosted by The Honest Dietitian at 2:58 PM\nEmail ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest\nLabels: dietitian, drug/nutrient interactions, food, magnesium, migraines, nutrition, supplements\nNo comments:\nPost a Comment\nNewer Post Older Post Home\nSubscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)\nLicense\nThe Honest Dietitian is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License.\nFeatured Post\nHealth is Wealth Toolkit: Addressing & Eliminating Food Guilt\nOne strategy in both weight management and healthy lifestyle modification that does not get enough attention is the concept of addressi...\nFollow Me On Twitter!\nFollow @DietitianAlli\nFollow Me On Pinterest!\nHonest Dietitian\nFollow Me On Facebook!\nFollow Me By Email!\nBlog Archive\n► 2017 (3)\n► May (1)\n► March (1)\n► January (1)\n▼ 2016 (34)\n► November (8)\n► October (11)\n▼ September (7)\nRaisin French Toast Protein Breakfast Bakes\nFodmap Sweet Potato & Parsnip Cakes\nBudget-friendly Tips for Smart & Healthy Meal Plan...\nHealth is Wealth Toolkit- Tracking Your Intake\nFive Ingredient Gluten-Free Apple Crisp\nIs Magnesium the answer to preventing migraines?\nRing the bell! 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2019-04-23T16:30:34Z

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\"Depression and Exercise: What's The Secret?\"\n“What's the secret on depression and exercise?”\nThe 'secret' on depression and exercise is out! Thanks to the medical research of psychologist James Blumenthal, PhD, and colleagues at Duke University, we know exactly how powerful the link between depression and exercise. What you do with your body affects your head!\nThis is fabulous news for you if you want to move away from depending on drugs to relieve your depression.\n\"Aerobic exercise can produce substantial improvement in mood in patients with major depressive disorders in a short time.\" (Dimeo, Freie M.D. - 2001 - Universitaet Berlin, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Berlin, Germany)\nConsider also this important quote on depression and exercise...\n“Exercise may be the most underrated and yet the most important behavioral strategy to recommend to clients. Walking is so easy, yet few people realize its importance. A 20-minute walk three times a week is beneficial to health in many ways.” – Zunkel, Gretchen M. RN, Psy NP, PhD,(Depressive Disorders: Treatment With Nonpharmacological Alternatives / Complimentary Health Practice Review, 2003)\nDepression and exercise truly don't mix!\n“Do I have to start jogging?”\nIn her 2002 book, Move your body, tone your mood, psychologist Kate Hays, PhD reported that for many people, walking, running, or swimming is helpful, but some people value yoga/pilates. Others feel emotionally as well as physically strengthened by weight lifting.\n\"How do you experiment with your depression and exercise?\"\n“When I suffered from depression, I started to walk at least 20 minutes a day and boy what a difference even that little bit made! Then, once I was able to move beyond this, I added other exercise like lifting small weights, and playing Badminton weekly at the community adult drop-in centre. Now I am up to walking at least an hour per day, the occasional run and weekly adult mixed soccer!”- Merri Ellen, your friendly web-editor.\n\"What is the ideal depression and exercise plan you should work towards with the help of your doctor?\"\nResearch suggests that 3x per week, getting 35 minutes of aerobic exercise each time is a powerful cure for depression.\n>> Now, before you get discouraged - out of my own depression, I managed to achieve this. There's no reason you can't do it too. I'll share with you my secret to help you get started...\n\"How do you start a successful exercise plan?\"\nGood question. The better question is, \"How do you start and STICK with a depression and exercise plan?\" The answer? You need a coach. When I was an aerobics and fitness instructor in college, I was also a personal coach. As a result, I had the pleasure of helping my fellow college classmates lose that freshman 15 and SEE it happen before my eyes. On the days the girls were unmotivated, I was there, as their coach, to 'kick them in the butt' with a smile and a 'you can do it!' As a result, they reaped the rewards!\nI too sometimes need a good kick in the butt especially after suffering from postpartum depression. That's why after having my first baby, I needed help with my depression and exercise plan. I called on the coaching of Tom, my fitness coach. I keep his manual saved on my desktop to refer to over and over.\nWhen You Need Support\nWe all need a little help in motivation at times. Tom has also created an online fitness support community. This is great if you need that extra motivation to get moving to beat your depression through physical fitness.\nThere is hope! You are worth it!\nMerri Ellen\nYour friendly web editor\nRelated Articles\n6 Powerful Ingredients to Cure Your Depression\nTom's Fitness Guide (opens in new window)\nMore depression articles…\nBack to home from Depression and Exercise\nCited Research on Depression and Exercise\nBabyak, M. A., Blumenthal, J. A., Herman, S., Khatri, P., Doraiswamy, P. M., Moore, K. A., Craighead, W. E., Baldewicz, T. T., & Krishnan, K. R. (2000). Exercise treatment for major depression: Maintenance of therapeutic benefit at 10 months. Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 62. pp. 633-638.\nBlumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M.A., Moore, K. A., Craighead, W. E., Herman, S., Khatri, P., Waugh, R., Napolitano, M. A., Forman, L. M., Appelbaum, M., Doraiswamy, P. M., & Krishnan, K. R. (1999). Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression. Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 159 pp. 2349-2356.\nNorth, T. C., P. McCullagh, and Z. V. Tran. (1990). Effect of exercise on depression. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Vol. 18 pp. 379-415.\nZunkel, Gretchen M. RN, Psy NP, PhD. (2003) Depressive Disorders: Treatment With Nonpharmacological Alternatives. Complimentary Health Practice Review/ Depression and Exercise / http://bjsm.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/114\nAdditional Sources on Depression and Exercise\nHays, K. F. (1999). Working it Out: Using Exercise in Psychotherapy. Washington, DC: APA.\nHays, K. F. (2002). Move your body, tone your mood. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.\nJohnsgard, K. W. (2004). Conquering Depression and Anxiety Through Exercise. New York: Prometheus.\nLeith, L. M. (1998). Exercising your way to better mental health. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.\nEnjoy More Cure Depression Articles...\n6 Steps Report on Curing Depression (What do the Medical Journals Reveal?) | What Depression Treatments Are Available? | Are There Natural Cures for Depression? | What Are The Symptoms of Depression?| What Are The Causes of Depression? | What Can I Do For My Postpartum Depression? | What Is Teenage Depression And Why Does It Happen? | What Self Help Can I Do for Depression Recovery? | How Best Do I Help A Loved One With Depression? | What Is Bipolar Depression? | Does Therapy Work For Depression Recovery? | What’s The Buzz on Omega 3s for Depression? | Does Light Therapy Work for Depression Recovery? | Does Exercise Affect Depression? | How Safe is Depression Medication? | What Are Some Basic Depression Action Steps? | | Is There a Depression Diet I Can Use? | \"5 Facts You Need To Know About Depression\"\nTell us what your biggest question on depression is. 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Blood Pressure Archives - Page 2 of 2 - BodyBio Health News\nHome\nE-lyteSport\nPhosphatidylcholine (PC)\nHealthcare Professionals\nInternational Sales\nHealth News\nMenu\nPosts\nProbiotics and Blood Pressure\nMarch 1, 2014 /in Health News /by Reggie Scott\nMaybe what happens in Las Vegas stays in Las Vegas, but what happens in your gut doesn’t stay in your gut, the place we think of as the processing plant that makes nutrients available for use by the body and wastes available for disposal. That part’s correct, but recent interest in the machinations of the system has researchers looking at its relationship to the brain. That means that some of what happens in the gut goes to your head and bypasses the enteric nervous system (ENS), that part of the body called the second brain. Working autonomously, the enteric nervous system is able to coordinate reflexes while controlling the gastrointestinal activity upon which humans rely. Although it communicates with the brain by way of the vagus nerve, the ENS can work independently through a series of neurons that control peristalsis (churning of intestinal contents) and monitor mechanical, chemical and electrical conditions within the system, such as those involved in enzyme secretion and neurotransmitter manufacture. The neurotransmitters of the gut are the same as those in the central nervous system (CNS): acetylcholine, dopamine and serotonin. In fact, more than ninety percent of the body’s serotonin lies in the gut, where it modulates cells of the immune system (Sepiashvili, 2013) (Mawe, 2013). That’s uncommon knowledge, for sure.\nWhat’s this got to do with the brain? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), scientists at UCLA Medical School found that women who regularly consumed probiotic-rich yogurt showed altered activity of brain regions that control the processing of emotion and sensation. The lead author, Dr. Kirsten Tillisch, M.D., commented that the study is of singular merit because it’s the first to show an interaction between a probiotic and the brain. In this work, healthy women with no GI or psychiatric symptoms ate fermented yogurt containing Bifido-, Lacto-, and Strepto- bacterial strains twice a day for a month, and were compared/contrasted to groups that either abstained from such a dairy product or ate one lacking fermented cultures. Before-and-after fMRI’s measured resting brain activity and brain responses to emotion-recognition tasks. Those are the kind in which you look at an image and determine a person’s mood by his facial expressions. This avenue was taken because a previous relationship between gut flora and affective behavior was realized (Umu, 2013) (Dinan, 2013) (Gomborone, 1993) (Robertson, 1989).\nDr. Tillisch observed brain effects in several areas, including those involved in sensory processing and emotional response. An additional conclusion, practically foregone, is that gut flora composition is directed by what we eat (Tillisch, 2013). It is widely accepted that relatively high fiber diets create a gut environment different from typical Western diets. If the brain can send signals to the gut that make you nauseous in times of mental stress, why can’t the gut send messages to the brain? Inspection has found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus bacteria, common to many yogurt products, affect GABA levels in the brain (Bravo, 2011). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety and depression-related behavior. Whether or not Dr. Tillisch’s work is preliminary to something more definitive makes little difference because interest in this field had been piqued years ago (Robertson, 1989).\nSome areas of medical and functional study are rife for contrivance, either of outcomes or numbers or some other elements of scientific reporting. The study of autism and its related spectrum of anomalies are not excused from academic chicanery. However, the gut-brain nexus in the study of cerebral challenges offers a fertile arena for probiotic-central nervous system exploration. That there exist perturbations in the gut flora of autistic individuals is properly recognized (Parracho, 2005) (Finegold, 2002). Moving on this link, researchers have identified the higher levels of “bad bacteria” in the guts of children with autism as a variety of Clostridia, though not necessarily defining a cause-effect relationship, but only an association (Pilcher, 2004). Admittedly, genetic and environmental factors play a role in the etiology of this condition. Nonetheless, it is speculated, with at least a small certainty, that probiotics might allay some symptoms of autism by attenuating the toxic by-products of these ignoble bacteria strains.\nAnxiety and depression are comorbidities of functional bowel disorders. In subjects so affected, discordant alterations in GABA receptors were remediated by the administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, highlighting the valuable role of bacteria in the bi-directional communication of the gut-brain axis (Bravo, 2011) and hinting that certain micro-organisms can be used to treat stress-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression (Cryan, 2012 and 2011).\nA venture into neurogastroenterology is as labyrinthine an exercise as can be imagined, right up there with the Biblical epiphany of being fearfully and wonderfully made, and has prompted a convention of “experts” called the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP). Available data on the role of gut bacteria in brain function ascertain the interaction of this microbiota with the ENS, the CNS, and the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems. Mammalian brain development and subsequent adult behavior are likewise affected. This could account for the behavioral abnormalities that occasionally accompany gastrointestinal ailments such as IBS and Crohn’s disease, aside from their discomfort.\nShort-chain fatty acids are made in the colon when dietary fiber is fermented. These acids contribute to the integrity of the immune and digestive systems, and to the regulation of intestinal (and other) inflammation (Smith, 2013), but their overexpression can be hazardous to cerebral health because they deplete inhibitory GABA (El-Ansary, 2011). Propionic acid (PA) is the main player in this cranial drama, inciting autistic features (El-Ansary, 2012) by increasing markers of oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation and concomitant decreases in glutathione. Lactic acid bacteria ameliorate the state by increasing GABA stores, (Bravo, 2011) even in the presence of PA, by virtue of their psychoactive character (Perez-Burgos, 2013). And they control PA production by sequestering the Clostridia responsible for its appearance in the first place.\nThe potential of gut microflora to fine tune human physiology goes beyond the digestive, cardiovascular and immune systems, now to include the nervous system. The thought of regulating cognitions, behaviors, sensations and emotions with bacteria is more than just enlightening.\nReferences\nAihara K, Kajimoto O, Hirata H, Takahashi R, Nakamura Y.\nEffect of powdered fermented milk with Lactobacillus helveticus on subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.\nJ Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Aug;24(4):257-65.\nAleixandre A, Miguel M, Muguerza B.\nPeptides with antihypertensive activity from milk and egg proteins.\nNutr Hosp. 2008 Jul-Aug;23(4):313-8.\nBoelsma E, Kloek J.\nLactotripeptides and antihypertensive effects: a critical review.\nBr J Nutr. 2009 Mar;101(6):776-86.\nJavier A. Bravo, Paul Forsythe, Marianne V. Chew, Emily Escaravage, Hélène M. Savignac, Timothy G. Dinan, John Bienenstock, John F. Cryan\nIngestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve\nPNAS. September 20, 2011; vol. 108 no. 38: 16050-16055\nGeraldine O. Canny and Beth A. McCormick\nBacteria in the Intestine, Helpful Residents or Enemies from Within?\nInfect. Immun. August 2008 vol. 76 no. 8 3360-3373\nCicero AF, Rosticci M, Veronesi M, Bacchelli S, Strocchi E, Melegari C, Grandi E, Borghi C.\nHemodynamic effects of lactotripeptides from casein hydrolysate in Mediterranean normotensive subjects and patients with high-normal blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial.\nJ Med Food. 2010 Dec;13(6):1363-8.\nCremonesi P, Chessa S, Castiglioni B.\nGenome sequence and analysis of Lactobacillus helveticus.\nFront Microbiol. 2013 Jan 11;3:435.\nEhlers PI, Kivimäki AS, Turpeinen AM, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H.\nHigh blood pressure-lowering and vasoprotective effects of milk products in experimental hypertension.\nBr J Nutr. 2011 Nov;106(9):1353-63.\nGonzalez-Gonzalez C, Gibson T, Jauregi P.\nNovel probiotic-fermented milk with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides produced by Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5.\nInt J Food Microbiol. 2013 Oct 15;167(2):131-7.\nJauhiainen T, Vapaatalo H, Poussa T, Kyrönpalo S, Rasmussen M, Korpela R\nLactobacillus helveticus fermented milk lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement.\nAm J Hypertens. 2005 Dec;18(12 Pt 1):1600-5.\nLye HS, Kuan CY, Ewe JA, Fung WY, Liong MT.\nThe improvement of hypertension by probiotics: effects on cholesterol, diabetes, renin, and phytoestrogens.\nInt J Mol Sci. 2009 Aug 27;10(9):3755-75.\nMinervini F, Algaron F, Rizzello CG, Fox PF, Monnet V, Gobbetti M.\nAngiotensin I-converting-enzyme-inhibitory and antibacterial peptides from Lactobacillus helveticus PR4 proteinase-hydrolyzed caseins of milk from six species.\nAppl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Sep;69(9):5297-305.\nO’Hara AM, Shanahan F.\nThe gut flora as a forgotten organ.\nEMBO Rep. 2006 Jul;7(7):688-93.\nSeppo L, Jauhiainen T, Poussa T, Korpela R.\nA fermented milk high in bioactive peptides has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;77(2):326-30.\nKirsten Tillisch, Jennifer Labus, Lisa Kilpatrick, Zhiguo Jiang, Jean Stains, Bahar Ebrat, Denis Guyonnet, Sophie Legrain–Raspaud, Beatrice Trotin, Bruce Naliboff, Emeran A. Mayer\nConsumption of Fermented Milk Product With Probiotic Modulates Brain Activity\nGastroenterology.\nJune 2013; Volume 144, Issue 7: 1394-1401.e4\nTuomilehto J, Lindström J, Hyyrynen J, Korpela R, Karhunen ML, Mikkola L, Jauhiainen T, Seppo L, Nissinen A.\nEffect of ingesting sour milk fermented using Lactobacillus helveticus bacteria producing tripeptides on blood pressure in subjects with mild hypertension.\nJ Hum Hypertens. 2004 Nov;18(11):795-802.\nVerna EC, Lucak S.\nUse of probiotics in gastrointestinal disorders: what to recommend?\nTherap Adv Gastroenterol. 2010 Sep;3(5):307-19.\nYamamoto N, Takano T.\nAntihypertensive peptides derived from milk proteins.\nNahrung. 1999 Jun;43(3):159-64.\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.\nThese products are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.\nhttps://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bloodpressure.jpg 333 500 Reggie Scott https://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bodybio-logo.png Reggie Scott2014-03-01 14:20:132018-02-14 14:16:59Probiotics and Blood Pressure\nBlood Pressure and…\nSeptember 1, 2014 /in Health News, September 2014 /by Reggie Scott\nThere is no naturally normal value for blood pressure (BP), but if yours is higher than that level deemed risky, you need to do something about it or face the possibility of some nasty consequences, such as stroke or cardiac episode, both of which can kill you—and are preventable. During each beat of the heart, pressure varies between a maximum, called systolic, and a minimum, called diastolic. The systolic pressure is the force that pushes blood out of the left ventricle; diastolic pressure refers to the heart at rest. The word diastole means dilation.\nHigh blood pressure can cause arteries to become harder and thicker. Sometimes that can cause a bulge, an aneurysm, a weak spot in the artery that is subject to rupture, resulting in hemorrhage and probably death. Aneurysms don’t disappear by themselves, so some kind of invasive procedure might follow, depending on size and location. Copper deficiency is associated with aneurysm risk, so you might want to look at your diet, particularly if it’s high in zinc, the element some believe will improve male health and performance. But assuring copper sufficiency won’t necessarily prevent an aneurysm caused by elevated BP.\nIf the heart has to work harder to pump blood against the elevated pressures in the vessels, the heart muscle can get thicker, which makes it even more difficult to pump blood. This is the onset of heart failure, which may or may not be easily treated. In fortunate instances, a thickened heart can revert to normal size. Effects of continued high BP may involve the kidneys, brain and eyes. In polls, most people would rather die than face blindness (Giridhar, 2002) (Pfizer, 2008), which can result from hypertensive retinopathy.\nThere is no known cause of essential hypertension, but risks have been identified to include salt intake, obesity, race, physical activity, stress, heredity and diet. Secondary hypertension may be related to kidney, endocrine or neurological dysfunction. Medications, such as amphetamines and decongestants, can elevate blood pressure, as can alcohol. What is termed “normal” BP is a systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg (120/80). It takes a visit with your physician to determine your personal baseline and to work out a protocol if one is deemed necessary. That might include a medication besides a dietary intervention to address overweight.\nBecause cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the economically developed world, much attention has been given to it. Diet and lifestyle are significant influences on cardiac risk, and may instigate abnormal lipid profiles, insulin resistance, diabetes and other pathologies suggestive of their impact. Of interest in the management of CVD risk factors are omega-3 fatty acids. Both omega-3 and omega-6 fats are considered essential; the body is unable to synthesize them. The conversion of the mother omega-3 and omega-6 fats, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, to longer-chain fatty acids, EPA/DHA and arachidonic acid, is terribly inefficient. Because omega-6 fats are held to be a dietary excess by virtue of a regimen high in processed foods and cheap supermarket oils, omega-3 fats, as fish oil, have received considerable interest. Fish oil is rich in EPA and DHA, the former having cardiovascular attributes and the latter having cerebral and retinal activity. Together, these fatty acids have induced moderate reductions in blood pressure at doses approximating 3 grams a day in both treated and untreated persons with elevated BP (Abeywardena, 2011). The mechanism explaining the activity is uncertain, but appears related to improvement in vascular endothelial function, one of these being reduction in stiffness. To address concerns about fish oil’s effect on LDL cholesterol, it is noted that the change in LDL particle size from small to large is a benefit (Ibid.).\nOne characteristic of hypertension is thickening of the arterial wall. In an animal model of hypertension, arterial thickening was attenuated with DHA treatment and the blood pressure decrease was compared to that induced by a beta blocker. Though only conjectural, other mechanisms by which fish oil lowers BP may involve activation of potassium channels (Toshinori, 2013). It is also possible that the anti-inflammatory compounds encouraged by fish oils ameliorate BP through a hormone-like effect that works in conjunction with the fatty acids’ blood-thinning character. Doses here approach 3 grams a day (Cabo, 2012).\nIn a twelve-week comparison/contrast trial pitting the omega-6 safflower oil against fish oil, the latter was found to offer significant benefit in reducing blood pressure in subjects with mild hypertension (Radack, 1991), while introducing no adverse changes in plasma lipid values. Including this with sixty-nine other random trials, researchers agree that available evidence indicates that inclusion of EPA/DHA in one’s diet reduces both sys olic and diastolic BP at doses of at least 2 grams a day (Miller, 2014). Joining a fish oil protocol with a weight loss program, where applicable, wrought a 13 point drop in systolic and a 9 point drop in diastolic numbers in a cohort having a body mass index in excess of 31.0, the point at which obesity is defined (Bao, 1998).\nIf you take a prescription medication to keep your blood pressure controlled, don’t just stop it in favor of the fatty acids in fish oil. Doing so risks damage from BP rebound, which can cause serious damage to an artery. If you experience unwelcome side effects from your meds, talk with the doctor and look for an alternative drug. There certainly are enough of them on the market. Integrating fish oil with a BP drug is not generally a hazard, and may even be a boon. On the other hand, if BP falls too low, you can get dizzy, especially after standing from a sitting position. Essential fatty acids exist in the realm of complementary medicine, which is meant to complement, not necessarily to replace, conventional modalities in treating a variety of physical maladies. Hypertension is one that is relatively easy to manage.\nReferences\nAbeywardena MY, Patten GS.\nRole of ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors.\nEndocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2011 Sep 1;11(3):232-46.\nBao DQ, Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ.\nEffects of dietary fish and weight reduction on ambulatory blood pressure in overweight hypertensives.\nHypertension. 1998 Oct;32(4):710-7.\nBiermann J, Herrmann W.\nModification of selected lipoproteins and blood pressure by different dosages of n-3-fatty acids.\nZ Gesamte Inn Med. 1990 Sep 15;45(18):540-4.\nBorghi C, Cicero AF.\nOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Their potential role in blood pressure prevention and management.\nHeart Int. 2006;2(2):98.\nCabo J, Alonso R, Mata P.\nOmega-3 fatty acids and blood pressure.\nBr J Nutr. 2012 Jun;107 Suppl 2:S195-200.\nCicero AF, Ertek S, Borghi C.\nOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: their potential role in blood pressure prevention and management.\nCurr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;7(3):330-7.\nMargolin G, Huster G, Glueck CJ, Speirs J, Vandegrift J, Illig E, Wu J, Streicher P, Tracy T.\nBlood pressure lowering in elderly subjects: a double-blind crossover study of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 1991 Feb;53(2):562-72.\nMiller PE, Van Elswyk M2, Alexander DD3.\nLong-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\nAm J Hypertens. 2014 Jul;27(7):885-96.\nMori TA.\nOmega-3 fatty acids and blood pressure.\nCell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2010 Feb 25;56(1):83-92.\nMorris MC, Taylor JO, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Sacks FM.\nThe effect of fish oil on blood pressure in mild hypertensive subjects: a randomized crossover trial.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 1993 Jan;57(1):59-64.\nRadack K, Deck C, Huster G.\nArch Intern Med. 1991 Jun;151(6):1173-80.\nThe effects of low doses of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. A randomized controlled trial.\nToshinori Hoshia, Bianka Wissuwab, Yutao Tiana, Nobuyoshi Tajimaa, Rong Xua, Michael Bauerb, Stefan H. Heinemannc, and Shangwei Houd\nOmega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channels\nPNAS March 4, 2013. Published online before print March 4, 2013\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.\nThese products are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.\nhttps://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bloodpressure-cuff.jpg 249 380 Reggie Scott https://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bodybio-logo.png Reggie Scott2014-09-01 20:58:422018-02-14 14:33:27Blood Pressure and…\nChocolate Covered Prevention\nNovember 16, 2014 /in Health News /by Reggie Scott\nChocolate consumption can reduce cardiac risk by a third, according to a very recent pronouncement based on meta-analyses of previous works. Scientists report that chocolate could be a viable factor in the reduction of heart disease and metabolic syndrome by virtue of its polyphenol content, keeping company with fruits and vegetables, extra virgin olive oil, wine and teas. The scientists who offered this report were careful to note that none of the seven trials that were examined had followed all the hallmarks of the scientific protocol, including control and randomization, meaning that a control group / trial group selection was not done to eliminate bias in treatment. On the other hand, empirical results were used to support the hypotheses.\nAlthough he commented that additional, randomized and controlled studies are needed to ascertain these results, lead scientist, Oscar Franco, working at England’s Cambridge University, said that, “…levels of chocolate consumption seem to be associated with a substantial reduction in the risk of cardiometabolic disorders.” After looking carefully at more than one hundred thousand study participants and examining their risks for CVD, diabetes, stroke and metabolic syndrome, Franco and his group noted that, “The highest levels of chocolate consumption were associated with a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease…and a 29% reduction in stroke compared with the lowest levels.” Based on these observations, levels of chocolate consumption seem to be associated with a substantial reduction in the risk of cardiometabolic disorders.\nThis is not the first study to compliment chocolate for its inherent character, but it does make the loudest presentation. It’s the polyphenols in cocoa that are the heroes, a class of compounds that includes the bioflavonoids (of which there are a few thousand), lignins, and tannins. The flavonoids in chocolate comprise the highest concentration among commonly consumed foods—more than ten percent of the weight of cocoa powder. Among them, catechin and epicatechin, two of the procyanidin flavonoids, are among the most abundant, and are also found in tea. These flavonoids oppose free radical injury because of their antioxidant effect, but also have been found to lower total cholesterol, to reduce blood pressure, to inhibit sticky platelets, and to improve blood flow to vital organs. (Pryde. 2011) One anti-hypertensive attribute of cocoa is the activation of nitric oxide, a gas that occurs in the body naturally, which is released from vascular epithelial cells to inhibit muscular contraction and thereby induce relaxation of blood vessels. (Corti. 2009) (Buijsse. 2010)\nFlavonoids exist in all plant foods, where they shield a plant from environmental insults and offer the means to repair damage. When we consume these plants, the benefit passes to us, including the capability to resist oxidative damage from things like cigarette smoke, vehicular and factory discharge, and poor dietary choices. Some chocolate flavonoids may be lost to processing, but manufacturers are looking to control that.\nResearch at Harvard Medical School looked more closely at subclinical coronary disease and diet, finding an inverse relationship between calcified plaque and chocolate consumption. (Djousse. 2011) Those who consumed dark chocolate—never milk chocolate—once or twice a week (about an ounce at a time) demonstrated a greater positive result than those who consumed it less than three times a month. The inclusion of chocolate in so stellar a group as green tea and soy as contributors to heart health is no small feat, considering that chocolate is more of a snack food than part of a meal. That it was seen to lower diastolic blood pressure as well as systolic is a feather in its cap. (Hooper. 2008)\nWe have to keep in mind that chocolate is relatively high in lipids, which means it’s high in calories. The saturated stearic acid constitutes one-third of the fats in cocoa butter, but has zero influence on cholesterolemic response. Another one-third fat fraction in cocoa is oleic acid, a heart-healthy monounsaturated fat, followed by the last third, palmitic acid, which is saturated but self-limiting, even though it is the first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis (the synthesis of fatty acids by the body). In the presence of linoleic acid (an omega-6) at 4.5% of calories (~90 calories), palmitic acid has no effect on cholesterol levels. (French. 2002) So, the calories in chocolate can be healthy. But we must be reminded not to have too much of a good thing.\nReferences\nAdriana Buitrago-Lopez, Jean Sanderson, Laura Johnson, Samantha Warnakula, Angela Wood, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Oscar H Franco\nChocolate consumption and cardiometabolic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis\nBMJ 2011; 343:d4488 doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4488 (Published 29 August 2011)\nMoira McAllister Pryde and William Bernard Kannel\nEfficacy of Dietary Behavior Modification for Preserving Cardiovascular Health and Longevity\nCardiol Res Pract. 2011; 2011: 820457.\nCorti R, Flammer AJ, Hollenberg NK, Lüscher TF\nCocoa and cardiovascular health.\nCirculation. 2009 Mar 17;119(10):1433-41.\nBuijsse B, Weikert C, Drogan D, Bergmann M, Boeing H.\nChocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adults.\nEur Heart J. 2010 Jul;31(13):1616-23.\nDjoussé L, Hopkins PN, North KE, Pankow JS, Arnett DK, Ellison RC.\nChocolate consumption is inversely associated with prevalent coronary heart disease: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.\nClin Nutr. 2011 Apr;30(2):182-7.\nDjoussé L, Hopkins PN, Arnett DK, Pankow JS, Borecki I, North KE, Curtis Ellison R.\nChocolate consumption is inversely associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries: the NHLBI Family Heart Study.\nClin Nutr. 2011 Feb;30(1):38-43.\nHooper L, Kroon PA, Rimm EB, Cohn JS, Harvey I, Le Cornu KA, Ryder JJ, Hall WL, Cassidy A.\nFlavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.\nAm J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;88(1):38-50.\nFrench MA, Sundram K, Clandinin MT.\nCholesterolaemic effect of palmitic acid in relation to other dietary fatty acids.\nAsia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002;11 Suppl 7:S401-7.\nSteinberg FM, Bearden MM, Keen CL.\nCocoa and chocolate flavonoids: implications for cardiovascular health.\nJ Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Feb;103(2):215-23.\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.\nThese products are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.\nhttps://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/dark-chocolate.jpg 199 200 Reggie Scott https://blog.bodybio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bodybio-logo.png Reggie Scott2014-11-16 20:41:242018-02-14 14:37:15Chocolate Covered Prevention\nPage 2 of 212\nHealth Topics\n4:1 Fatty Acid Ratio ADD/ADHD Addiction Aging Air ALA Alkaloids Allergies Alzheimer’s Antibiotics Antihistamine Antioxidents Anxiety Arthritis Asthma Atopic Dermatitis Bacteria Balance Behavior Benzene Beta-carotene BHT Bipolar Disorder Blood Pressure Blood Vessels Bone Health Brain Health Breathing butyrate calcium Calorie Restriction Cancer Cell Phones Chelation Chemicals Children Chocolate Cholesterol Coenzyme Q10 Coffee Colon Color Cooking Copper Coronary cramps Cravings Curcumin CVD Deficiency Dental Health Depression Diabetes Diet Diet Soda DNA Methylation Eczema Electrolytes elytesport EMF Energy Enzymes EPA/DHA Essential Fatty Acid Essential Oils Exercise Eye Sight Fatigue Fats Fatty Acids Fish Oil Flaxseed Food Food Safety GERD Germs Ginger GLA Glutathione Gut Gym Headache Health and Wellness Hearing Heart Heartburn Heart Disease Hydration Immune System Inflammation Influenza Insomnia Insulin Iodine Kidney Stones Lead Lecithin Leg Cramps Lunch Lycopene Magnesium Magnesium Stearate Marathon Meditation Melatonin Memory Menopause Metals Methylation Microwaves Minerals Mitochondria Mold Mood MSG Muscle Cramp Neurological Neurons Night Cramps NSAIDS Nutrient Deficiency Nutrition Obesity OCD Oils Omega 3 Omega 6 Osteoporosis PABA Pain Pantothenic Acid Phosphatidylcholine (PC) Phospholipids Photosensitivity Plastic pneumonia Pollution Potassium Probiotics Protein PVC Reflux Replenish Salt science Selective Hearing Skin Skin Cancer Sleep Soda Sodium Solvents Sports Stress Sugar Sugar-Free Sun Supplements Sweeteners Thiamin Toxins Triglycerides Ultraviolet Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin B1 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12\n© 1998 – 2018 BODYBIO INC. *These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to treat, diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.\nWE ACCEPT:\nScroll to top

2019-04-20T18:25:08Z

"https://blog.bodybio.com/tag/blood-pressure/page/2/"

blog.bodybio.com

The benefits of yogurt - Yogurt in Nutrition\nTwitter\nLinkedIn\nYoutube\nA fermented food\nFermentation process and history\nYogurt and worldwide habits\nFermentation benefits\nLactose intolerance\nQ&A on lactose intolerance\nHow yogurt can help\nRecent studies on lactose intolerance\nEat yogurt, eat healthy\nYogurt is a nutrient dense food\nSignature of healthy diet\nThere’s a yogurt for everybody\nYogurt and sustainable diet\nHealth effects of yogurt\nBone health\nDiabetes prevention\nCardiovascular health\nWeight management\nOther promising research\nYogurt initiative\nWhat is YINI?\nEvents & conferences\nGrant application\nInfographics and practical sheets\nKey Publications\nYogurt Nutrition Digests\nMonthly newsletter\nEn\nEs\nFr\nKey Publications • How yogurt can help\nThe benefits of yogurt\n2017-10-11\nMore and more positive scientific data are published on yogurt and its effects on health.\nAs a nutrient-dense food and fermented milk product, yogurt contributes to meeting daily macronutrient and micronutrient recommendations and to reducing possible health risks in vulnerable groups.\nNutritional advantages of yogurt\nYogurt is a predigested food, which contains a lot of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals and vitamins. (38)\nSix reasons to eat yogurt:\n1. Yogurt has a similar micronutrient composition to milk, generally with a good bioavailibility and affordability. (39)\n2. Yogurt has a low energy density (Figure 9).\n3. Yogurt is a good source of calcium and other minerals such as magnesium, potassium and zinc. It is also low in sodium. Yogurt consumers have overall a better calcium intake than non-yogurt consumers. (40-42)\n4. Yogurt contains B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12), A and E vitamins. (40)\n5. Yogurt is an excellent source of high-quality proteins, whey and casein proteins, which can lead to a reduction in appetite and aid muscle and bone growth. (43, 44)\n6. Yogurt has a higher concentration of conjugated linoleic acids than milk. (13) Conjugated linoleic acids are reported to have immunostimulatory and anticarcinogenic properties. (45)\nYogurt consumption helps to improve the overall diet quality.\nFive extra reasons to eat yogurt:\n1. Recent scientific studies have reported that yogurt consumers have a better overall diet quality than non-consumers:\nindeed, regular yogurt consumers have a more diverse and balanced diet that respects the dietary guidelines regarding nutrient intakes and food choices (more fruit, more whole grains, less processed meat, less refined grains…) than non-consumers. (46-49)\n2. Adult yogurt consumers tend to have healthier lifestyles, are more likely to be physically active and are less likely to smoke than non-yogurt consumers are. (49)\n3. Yogurt consumption could also be involved in the control of body weight and energy homeostasis, since analysis of cohorts has shown that regular consumers of yogurt gain less weight over time than non-consumers. (50-52)\n4. Yogurt consumption is also associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. (51, 52)\n5. Yogurt consumption is associated with a better metabolic profile in adults and children: lower levels of circulating triglycerides and glucose, lower systolic blood pressure and healthier insulin profile. (40, 53)\nConclusion\nLactose intolerance is not a life-threatening condition but it can impair the quality of life. A total avoidance of dairy products is not only unnecessary for lactose intolerants, it also represents a risk of an unbalanced diet and the occurrence of nutrient deficiency such as insufficient calcium intake, which could lead to adverse health effects.\nIn order to prevent any nutrient deficiency, persons who experience lactose intolerance, can still enjoy dairy and maintain a healthy and balanced diet by adapting their eating habits:\n1. Consume yogurts that contain live bacteria, which improve the digestion of the lactose contained in yogurt.\n2. Consume cheeses that contain low or no lactose.\n3. Consume lactose-containing foods in modest amounts throughout the day, during meals, not more than the equivalent of 2 bowls of milk.\nThus, yogurt is a convenient food for all, and it represents a good alternative to keep a balanced diet, particularly for lactose intolerants.\nDownload here the White Book\nReferences:\n38. Commission CA. Codex standard for fermented milks. Food and Agriculture Organization United Nation Roma 2003:1-5.\n39. Sahni, S. et al, Arch Osteoporos 2013;8:119.\n40. Wang, H. et al, Nutr Res 2013;33:18-26.\n41. Buttriss, J. International Journal of Dairy Technology 1997;50:21-7.\n42. Gaucheron, F. J Am Coll Nutr 2011;30:400S-9S.\n43. Bos, C. et al, J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:191S-205S.\n44. Webb, D. et al, Nutr Rev 2014;72:180-9.\n45. Whigham, LD. et al, Int J Obes (Lond) 2014;38:299-305.\n47. Medicine UIo. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington (DC)1997.\n48. Lecerf, J-M. et al, The FASEB Journal 2014;28.\n49. Mozaffarian, D. et al. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2392-404.\n50. Martinez-Gonzalez, MA. et al, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014;24:1189-96.\n51. Panahi, S. et al. J Am Coll Nutr 2016:1-15.\n52. O’Connor, LM. et al, Diabetologia 2014;57:909-17.\n53. Zhu, Y. et al, Eur J Nutr 2015 ; 54.04: 543–550.\n54. Uyeno, et al, International journal of food microbiology2008 ; 122.1:16-22.\n55. Alvaro, E. et al, British journal of nutrition 2007 ;97.01: 126-133.\nRelated posts:\nKey findings on yogurt, a marker of other healthy habits\nPeople with lactose intolerance can eat dairy products without experiencing significant symptoms\nYogurt, the signature of a healthy diet and lifestyle?\nYogurt consumption, signature of a healthy diet and lifestyle\nYou may also like\nKey Publications • Fermentation benefits\nHow yogurt affects the gut microbiota?\nKey Publications • Fermentation benefits • International Congress of Nutrition 2017 • Diabetes prevention\nUnlocking the secrets of yogurt may lead to better...\nKey Publications • A fermented food\nYogurt in Nutrition: Best of Yogurt Research 2013 !\nKey Publications • Diabetes prevention\nProceedings 2017: studies on Yogurt & Type 2...\nSubscribe to our newsletter\nFollow us\ntwitter\nyoutube\nfacebook\nFrom Twitter\nTweets from @YogurtNutrition\nMore information\nWhat is yogurt?\nFermented food\nGut microbiome\nNutrition\nNutrient density\nDiabetes\nDiabetes prevention\nLactose\nLactose intolerance\nBone health\nCardiovascular health\nThe Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative is a collaborative project between the Danone Institute International and the American Society for Nutrition which aims to evaluate the current evidence base on the nutritional impact of yogurt - Copyright 2015\nLegal notice\nAbout\nContact\nTwitter\nLinkedIn\nYoutube\nPin It on Pinterest

2019-04-20T00:15:05Z

"https://www.yogurtinnutrition.com/the-benefits-of-yogurt/"

www.yogurtinnutrition.com

L-Theanine - Natural Anxiety Meds\n↓ Skip to Main Content\nHome\nThe Natural Anxiety Relief Method\nSupplements\nHerbs\nTherapy\nLifestyle\nAromatherapy\nOur Mission\nEmergency Hotlines\nRecommended Sites\nDisclosure\nL-Theanine\nPosted on April 4, 2014 by Ezra — No Comments ↓\n0 0 0\nL-Theanine is an amino acid found in green tea and in some mushrooms. Though it has generally been studied for its anxiolytic, stress-relieving properties, it also has a number of other physiological and pharmacological benefits.\nA Japanese study has suggested that the oral intake of l-theanine provides anti-stress benefits by inhibiting cortical neuron excitation. L-theanine allows for enhanced awareness and mental clarity without drowsiness or agitation.\nAnother study conducted by the University of Shizuoka discovered the following:\nIn human volunteers, α-waves were generated on the occipital and parietal regions of the brain surface within 40 min after the oral administration of theanine (50–200 mg), signifying relaxation without causing drowsiness.\nL-theanine can be found in teas and mushrooms. But, supplements are now available as well.\n0 0 0\n‹ Shinrin-yoku: Forest bathing for Anxiety Relief\nAnapanasati: Breath Meditation for Anxiety ›\nPosted in Supplements\n0 comments on “L-Theanine”\n5 Pings/Trackbacks for \"L-Theanine\"\nTranquilene | Natural Anxiety Meds says:\nApril 4, 2014 at 11:33 pm\n[…] A Japanese study has suggested that the oral intake of l-theanine provides anti-stress benefits by inhibiting cortical neuron excitation. L-theanine allows for enhanced awareness and mental clarity without drowsiness or agitation. Read more […]\n5 Xanax Alternatives | Natural Anxiety Meds says:\nJune 15, 2014 at 9:44 pm\n[…] To learn more about L-Theanine, read about it in our natural anxiety remedies database. […]\nSeredyn | Natural Anxiety Meds says:\nAugust 24, 2014 at 6:06 pm\n[…] L-Theanine […]\nLumiday - Natural Anxiety Meds says:\nOctober 10, 2014 at 10:13 pm\n[…] L-Theanine […]\nAnxiClear - Natural Anxiety Meds says:\nJune 6, 2015 at 7:52 am\n[…] L-theanine […]\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *\nComment\nName *\nE-mail *\nWebsite\nReceive FREE natural anti-anxiety tips: Sign up below!\nCategories\nCulture (5)\nHerbs (6)\nLifestyle (15)\nNews (10)\nPsychotherapy (7)\nSafe Medications (6)\nSupplements (19)\n© 2019 Natural Anxiety Meds\n↑\nResponsive Theme powered by WordPress

2019-04-22T00:52:30Z

"http://naturalanxietymeds.com/l-theanine/"

naturalanxietymeds.com

Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences - Anemia, iron deficiency and affecting factors on it in between Girls' students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences\nJournal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences\nPublished by: Kowsar\nSign in\nRegister\nSupport\nSign in\nRegister\nSupport\nHome\nArticles\nArchive\nCurrent Issue\nIn Press\nInstructions\nAbout Journal\nJournal Information\nBoards and Committees\nIndexing and Listing Sources\nJournal Metrics\nPublication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement\nContact Us\nSearch\nAnemia, iron deficiency and affecting factors on it in between Girls' students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences\nYahya Pasdar 1 , Fatemeh Heydarpour 2 , Mitra Darbandi‎ 3 , * , Parisa Niazi‎ 3 and Neda Izadi‎ 2\nAuthors Information\n1 Research center of environmental factors Affecting health, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah‎, Iran\n2 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah‎, Iran\n3 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah‎, Iran\n* Corresponding author: Mitra Darbandi‎, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah‎, Iran, E-mail: [email protected]\nArticle information\nJournal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences: December 21, 2015, 4 (3); e82038\nPublished Online: October 13, 2015\nArticle Type: Research Article\nReceived: February 12, 2015\nAccepted: August 19, 2015\nTo Cite: Pasdar Y , Heydarpour F , Darbandi‎ M , Niazi‎ P , Izadi‎ N . Anemia, iron deficiency and affecting factors on it in between Girls' students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, J Clin Res Paramed Sci. 2015 ; 4(3):e82038.\nAbstract\nBackground: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional problem in the world is a complicated and multifaceted economic and social consequence to the community to impose. This study aimed is to determine the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and factors that effect on it among female students.\nMethods: The study population was 310 female students of medical science university of Kermanshah that samples were selected randomly from it. The tools of data collection were\ndemographic; Beck, FFQ and WHOQOL-BREEF.5 ml blood was gathered from pioneer samples for determination of blood parameters and was investigated by standard laboratory methods.\nResults: 44% of students had ferritin < 20 (iron deficiency), 9.8% hemoglobin <12 (anemia) and 6.8% of them had hemoglobin <12 and ferritin < 20 (iron deficiency anemia). 26.3% of students were depression. Iron deficiency was significantly associated with the consumption of meat, this is the increase per unit of meat, the chances of an iron deficiency 2.4 times decreased (OR=0.976, CI=0.65-0.94) .Ferritin levels were significantly associated with\nacademic success (P=0.04).\nConclusion: High prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in this study can show the imbalance between girl's intake of iron and their needs required further attention to this group.\nKeywords: Anemia; Iron deficiency; Nutrition; Depression\n© 2015, Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.\nFulltext\nThe full text of this article is available on PDF.\nReferences\n1. The References of this article is available on PDF.\nPDF ( 902.48 KB)\nRequest Permissions\nImport into EndNote\nImport into BibTex\nShare on:\nReaders' Comments:\nNumber of Comments: 0\nCited By:\nScopus\nCrossRef\nExcept where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International License .\nSearch Relations:\nAuthor(s):\nYahya Pasdar: [PubMed] [Scholar]\nFatemeh Heydarpour: [PubMed] [Scholar]\nMitra Darbandi‎: [PubMed] [Scholar]\nParisa Niazi‎: [PubMed] [Scholar]\nNeda Izadi‎: [PubMed] [Scholar]\nArticle(s):\nRelated Article in PubMed\nRelated Article in Google Scholar\nCreate Citiation Alert\nvia Google Reader\nReaders' Comments\nJournal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences accepts terms & conditions of: Show\nCopyright © 2019, Kowsar . CC BY-NC 4.0. All Rights Reserved.\nJournal Management System. Powered by NeoScriber ® 3.33

2019-04-22T08:17:24Z

"http://jcrps.com/en/articles/82038.html"

jcrps.com

How to make a burn stop hurting fast\nHome\nCopyright Complain {DMCA}\nRequest For keys\nHow To Make A Burn Stop Hurting Fast\n# How To Burn Ass Fat Stomach Fat Burning And Hurting\n9/08/2007 · Burn: Run in under cold water for around 12 minutes, put some ice on it if it isn't numb still. ut some Aloe Vera getl on it, or use Baking Soda and water to make a pastee and put it on. Aloe Vera plants are even better. Kepp icing!... The best way to make a burn stop hurting is to give it time. Use these tips to deal with your pain and to promote proper healing. Use these tips to deal with your pain and to promote proper healing. Do you have a burn that requires medical attention?\nHow to stop a burn hurting? Yahoo Answers\nIf you’re going for mainly quick pain relief, slice up a chilled cucumber and lay the slices on your burned skin. Flip the slices when the first side heats up, like how you flip a pillow to get the cool side up. For a longer lasting effect, chill 1 or 2 cucumbers and toss them in a blender to create a paste. Feel free to add in some aloe vera gel or cornstarch if you want it a little thicker... How Many Steps In A Day For Weight Loss How to Fast Diet Weight Loss how.to.use.coconut.oil.for.weight.loss Stomach Fat Burning And Hurting Teas That Burn Belly Fat Fast Fat Burning Diet For Men.\nHow to stop a burn hurting? Yahoo Answers\nHow To Burn Ass Fat Thermo Heat Fat Burner Review Burn Stomach Fat Fast For Women Over 50 Best Workout To Burn Stomach And Bottom Fat Do Sit Up Burn Belly Fat . How To Burn Ass Fat Can You Take Pre Workout With Fat Burners Best Fat Burner Pills Over The Counter Gnc Hd Fat Burner Garcinia Fat Burner Review. 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Feel free to add in some aloe vera gel or cornstarch if you want it a little thicker how to stop regular payment to world vision Do not stop taking any prescribed medication without first consulting your doctor. Quick Guide Ringworm: Treatment, Pictures, Causes, and Symptoms How to care for blisters and peeling from a severe sunburn (pictures)\nHow long can it take?\n# How To Lose Weight By Juice Fasting Belly Fat Burning\n# How To Lose Weight By Juice Fasting Belly Fat Burning\nFast Relief For Glue Gun Burns! · How To Make A Misc Keep\n# How Many Steps In A Day For Weight Loss Stomach Fat\n# How To Burn Ass Fat Stomach Fat Burning And Hurting\nHow To Make A Burn Stop Hurting Fast\nHow To Lose Weight By Juice Fasting How To Burn Belly Fat Real Fast Burning Belly Fat Without Losing Weight Quick Fast Burning Workouts How To Train Your Body To Burn Fat Choose obtaining food youre taking on your own body. Foods that you eat must will have the best nutritional vitamins to make sure you are not wasting time over it and it doesnt cause entire body to gain much calories as\n9/08/2007 · Burn: Run in under cold water for around 12 minutes, put some ice on it if it isn't numb still. ut some Aloe Vera getl on it, or use Baking Soda and water to make a pastee and put it on. Aloe Vera plants are even better. Kepp icing!\nBelly Fat Burning And Hurting Natural Fat Burner Soft Pills Review Things That Burn Belly Fat Does White Tea Burn Belly Fat Most Effective Fat Burners For Athletes Some people may place on a little weight when they first stop smoking, when your willpower is sufficiently strong to smoking cigarettes then definitely have the willpower to get weight. Nrt will probably stop you from gaining weight\nBelly Fat Burning And Hurting Natural Fat Burner Soft Pills Review Things That Burn Belly Fat Does White Tea Burn Belly Fat Most Effective Fat Burners For Athletes Some people may place on a little weight when they first stop smoking, when your willpower is sufficiently strong to smoking cigarettes then definitely have the willpower to get weight. Nrt will probably stop you from gaining weight\nAfter about 5-10 minutes it should stop hurting so much and you only need to apply as needed. You should apply the mustard as quickly as possible after you are burned. Thankfully you were probably in the kitchen when it happened.\nRecent Posts\nHow To Turn White Fat Into Brown Fat\nHow To Get Over Being Cheated On And Stay Together\nHow To Write A Resume Letter Pdf\nHow To Wear A Shacket\nHow To Stop Facebook Ads On Android\nHow To Stop Show All Characters In Word\nHow To Use Copic Markers In Sketchbook Pro\nHow To Turn Off Your Ipod Touch\nHow To Use Chegg For Free\nHow To Work A Room\nHow To Use Upcloud Dedicated Server\nHow To Use Nasivion Nasal Drops\nHow To Produce A Theatre Show\nHow To Turn Off Canon Quick Menu Image Display\nHow To Use Git Checkout\nRecent Comments\nJohn on How To Start Blackwalls Personal Quest\nPablo on How To Use Less Ram\nBruce G. 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2019-04-22T14:53:20Z

"http://roaringbrookdairy.com/northern-territory/how-to-make-a-burn-stop-hurting-fast.php"

roaringbrookdairy.com

Athlete's Foot (for Teens) - Vidant Medical Center\n[Skip to Content]\nFor Residents & Fellows\nFor Health Professionals\nFor Employees\nAbout Vidant\nSend Us A Message\nEvents\nNews Room\nVolunteer\nDonate\nHome\nFind it Fast\nPay Your Bill\nMaynard Children's Hospital\nReferral and Contact Information\nFor patients and families\nOur physicians\nServices\nPrograms\nUnits\nTestimonials\nSupport Maynard Children's Hospital\nAccreditations and memberships\nCareer opportunities\nFor Parents\nHome\nParents Home\nAllergy Center\nA to Z Dictionary\nAsthma Center\nCerebral Palsy Center\nCancer Center\nFlu Center\nDiabetes Center\nHeart Health\nFood Allergy Center\nPreventing Premature Birth\nHomework Help Center\nPregnancy & Newborn Center\nPlay & Learn Center\nNutrition & Fitness Center\nSummer Safety\nSports Medicine Center\nFirst Aid & Safety\nDoctors & Hospitals\nGrowth & Development\nDiseases & Conditions\nEmotions & Behavior\nGeneral Health\nInfections\nQ&A\nSchool & Family Life\nRecipes\nVideos\nPara Padres\nFor Kids\nHome\nKids Home\nAsthma Center\nCancer Center\nDiabetes Center\nHeart Center\nHomework Center\nNutrition & Fitness Center\nRelax & Unwind Center\nStay Safe Center\nFeelings\nHealth Problems\nHealth Problems of Grown-Ups\nHow the Body Works\nIllnesses & Injuries\nKids' Medical Dictionary\nMovies & More\nGetting Help\nPersonal Questions\nPuberty & Growing Up\nQ&A\nRecipes & Cooking\nStaying Healthy\nVideos\nMy Body\nStaying Safe\nPara Niños\nFor Teens\nHome\nTeens Home\nAsthma Center\nBe Your Best Self Center\nCancer Center\nConcussion Center\nDiabetes Center\nFlu Center\nHomework Help Center\nManaging Your Medical Care\nManaging Your Weight\nNutrition & Fitness Center\nStress & Coping Center\nSports Center\nDiseases & Conditions\nDrugs & Alcohol\nInfections\nPersonal Stories\nExpert Answers (Q&A)\nRecipes\nSchool & Work\nSexual Health\nSafety & First Aid\nVideos\nYour Body\nYour Mind\nPara Adolescentes\nTeens\nSearch KidsHealth library\nAthlete's Foot\nAthlete's foot is a type of fungal skin infection. Fungi (the plural of fungus) are microscopic plant-like organisms that thrive in damp, warm environments. They're usually not dangerous, but sometimes can cause disease. When they infect the skin, they cause mild but annoying rashes. Fungal skin infections are also known as tinea infections.\nWhen fungus grows on the feet, it is called athlete's foot (or tinea pedis). It got this name because it affects people whose feet tend to be damp and sweaty, which is often the case with athletes. But anyone can get this infection.\nOther fungal skin infections include jock itch and ringworm (despite its name, ringworm is not a worm).\nThese infections are caused by several types of mold-like fungi called dermatophytes (pronounced: der-MAH-tuh-fites) that live on the dead tissues of your skin, hair, and nails.\nWhat Are the Signs & Symptoms of Athlete's Foot?\nAthlete's foot usually causes redness, flakiness, peeling, or cracking of the skin on the feet. It may itch, sting, or burn, or simply feel uncomfortable.\nIt's usually on the soles of the feet, the areas between the toes, and sometimes the toenails. When the toenails are involved they become thick, white or yellowish, and brittle.\nWhat Causes Athlete's Foot?\nAthlete's foot is caused by fungi that normally live on the skin, hair, and nails called dermatophytes. When the environment they live in gets warm and moist, they grow out of control and start to cause symptoms.\nIs Athlete's Foot Contagious?\nYes. It spreads in damp environments, such as public showers or pool areas. It can also spread to other areas of the body if a person touches the affected foot and then touches other body parts, such as the hands.\nHow Do People Get Athlete's Foot?\nWaking around barefoot in warm wet places like locker rooms or public pools can expose the feet to fungi that thrive in those environments. Sweaty shoes and socks add to the dampness and can make the infection worse. Sharing towels, sheets, clothing, or shoes with someone who has athlete's foot also can spread the infection.\nHow Is Athlete's Foot Diagnosed?\nA doctor can often diagnose athlete's foot just by looking at it and asking questions about the symptoms and the person's lifestyle. Sometimes the doctor will scrape off a small sample of the flaky infected skin to look at under a microscope or to test in a laboratory.\nHow Is Athlete's Foot Treated?\nOver-the-counter (OTC) antifungal creams, sprays, or powders may solve the problem if it is mild. More serious infections may need prescription medicine, either topical (applied to skin) or in pill form.\nWhatever you use, continue treatment for as long as recommended, even if the rash seems to be getting better. If not, the infection can come back. Some people regularly use medicated foot powders and sprays to prevent this from happening.\nHow Long Does Athlete's Foot Last?\nMost mild cases of athlete's foot clear up within 2 weeks. But treatment can go for several weeks or longer if the infection is more serious or affects the toenails.\nCan Athlete's Foot Be Prevented?\nAthlete's foot often can be prevented. To avoid it:\nKeep feet clean and dry by washing them daily and drying them completely, especially between the toes. (Use a clean towel and avoid sharing.)\nWear waterproof shoes or flip-flops when walking around in locker rooms, public showers, and public pool areas.\nSwitch between wearing shoes or sneakers to prevent the build-up of moisture. Choose ones that are well-ventilated with small holes to keep the feet dry.\nAvoid socks that trap moisture or make the feet sweat. Instead, choose cotton or wool socks or ones made of fabric that wicks away moisture.\nChange socks regularly, especially if the feet get sweaty.\nUse a powder on the feet every day to help reduce sweating.\nReviewed by: Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, MD\nDate reviewed: February 2018\nfor Teens\nMORE ON THIS TOPIC\nRingworm\nHygiene Basics\nTips for Taking Care of Your Skin\nJock Itch\nSkin, Hair, and Nails\nImpetigo\nIngrown Toenails\nGerms: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protozoa\nPrint\nSend to a Friend\nEditorial Policy\nPrivacy Policy & Terms of Use\nCopyright\nNote: All information is for educational purposes only. 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The effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials | The BMJ\nSkip to main content\nWe use cookies to improve our service and to tailor our content and advertising to you. More info Close You can manage your cookie settings via your browser at any time. To learn more about how we use cookies, please see our cookies policy Close\nIntended for healthcare professionals\nSubscribe\nMy Account\nMy email alerts\nBMA member login\nLogin\nUsername *\nPassword *\nForgot your log in details?\nNeed to activate\nBMA Member Log In\nLog in via OpenAthens\nLog in via your institution\nEdition:\nUS\nUK\nSouth Asia\nInternational\nOur company\nToggle navigation\nThe BMJ logo\nSite map\nSearch\nSearch form\nSearch\nSearch\nAdvanced search\nSearch responses\nSearch blogs\nToggle top menu\nResearch\nAt a glance\nResearch papers\nResearch methods and reporting\nMinerva\nResearch news\nEducation\nAt a glance\nClinical reviews\nPractice\nMinerva\nEndgames\nState of the art\nWhat your patient is thinking\nNews & Views\nAt a glance\nNews\nFeatures\nEditorials\nAnalysis\nObservations\nOpinion\nHead to head\nEditor's choice\nLetters\nObituaries\nViews and reviews\nCareers\nRapid responses\nCampaigns\nAt a glance\nBetter evidence\nClimate change\nPatient and public partnership\nToo much medicine\nWellbeing\nThe BMJ Collections\nArchive\nFor authors\nJobs\nHosted\nResearch\nThe effectiveness of...\nThe effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials\nPapers\nThe effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression: systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials\nBMJ 2001; 322 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7289.763 (Published 31 March 2001) Cite this as: BMJ 2001;322:763\nArticle\nRelated content\nMetrics\nResponses\nPeer review\nDebbie A Lawlor, lecturer in epidemiology and public health medicine (D.A.Lawlor{at}bristol.ac.uk)a,\nStephen W Hopker, consultant psychiatristb\na Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR\nb Bradford Community Trust, Shipley, West Yorkshire BD18 3BP\nCorrespondence to: D A Lawlor\nAccepted 1 December 2000\nAbstract\nObjective: To determine the effectiveness of exercise as an intervention in the management of depression.\nDesign: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials obtained from five electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Sports Discus, PsycLIT, Cochrane Library) and through contact with experts in the field, bibliographic searches, and hand searches of recent copies of relevant journals.\nMain outcome measures: Standardised mean difference in effect size and weighted mean difference in Beck depression inventory score between exercise and no treatment and between exercise and cognitive therapy.\nResults: All of the 14 studies analysed had important methodological weaknesses; randomisation was adequately concealed in only three studies, intention to treat analysis was undertaken in only two, and assessment of outcome was blinded in only one. The participants in most studies were community volunteers, and diagnosis was determined by their score on the Beck depression inventory. When compared with no treatment, exercise reduced symptoms of depression (standardised mean difference in effect size −1.1 (95% confidence interval −1.5 to −0.6); weighted mean difference in Beck depression inventory −7.3 (−10.0 to −4.6)). The effect size was significantly greater in those trials with shorter follow up and in two trials reported only as conference abstracts. The effect of exercise was similar to that of cognitive therapy (standardised mean difference −0.3 (95% confidence interval −0.7 to 0.1)).\nConclusions: The effectiveness of exercise in reducing symptoms of depression cannot be determined because of a lack of good quality research on clinical populations with adequate follow up.\nWhat is already known on this topic\nWhat is already known on this topic Depression is common\nManagement is often inadequate and many patients do not comply with antidepressant medication\nThe effect of exercise on depression has been a subject of interest for many years\nWhat this study adds\nWhat this study adds Most studies of the effect of exercise on depression are of poor quality, have brief follow up, and are undertaken on non-clinical volunteers\nExercise may be efficacious in reducing symptoms of depression in the short term but its effectiveness in clinical populations is unknown\nA well designed, randomised controlled trial with long term follow up is needed\nIntroduction\nDepression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although effective pharmacological interventions are available, much depression remains inadequately treated. Compliance with antidepressant treatment is often poor: studies have shown that between 20% and 59% of patients in primary care stop taking antidepressants within three weeks of the drugs being prescribed. 1 2 The effect of exercise on depression has been the subject of research for several decades, and the literature on the subject is growing.3 In the past decade “exercise on prescription” schemes have become popular in primary care in the United Kingdom,4 many of which include depression as a referral criterion.\nSeveral plausible mechanisms for how exercise affects depression have been proposed. In the developed world taking regular exercise is seen as a virtue; the depressed patient who takes regular exercise may, as a result, get positive feedback from other people and an increased sense of self worth. Exercise may act as a diversion from negative thoughts, and the mastery of a new skill may be important. 5 6 Social contact may be an important mechanism, and physical activity may have physiological effects such as changes in endorphin and monoamine concentrations. 7 8\nThree meta-analyses have looked at the effect of exercise on depression, and all found a benefit.9–11 However, these analyses pooled data from a range of study types that included uncontrolled studies and randomised as well as non-randomised controlled trials. They also pooled data from trials that compared exercise and no treatment with data from trials that compared exercise and other forms of treatment, and they did not explicitly assess the quality of the studies. Other studies have been completed since the most recent of these meta-analyses was published. This review summarises the evidence from randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of exercise as a treatment for depression.\nMethods\nIdentification of the studies\nWe searched Medline (1966–99), Embase (1980–99), Sports Discus (1975–99), PsycLIT (1981–99), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using the terms “exercise,” “physical activity,” “physical fitness,” “walking,” “jogging,” “running,” “cycling,” “swimming,” “depression,” “depressive disorder,” and “dysthymia.” We also examined bibliographies, contacted experts, and hand searched copies published in the 12 months to December 1999 of the following journals: BMJ, JAMA, Archives of Internal Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Comprehensive Psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry, Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica, and British Journal of Sports Medicine. Three people independently reviewed titles and available abstracts to retrieve potentially relevant studies; studies needed to be identified by only one person to be retrieved.\nInclusion criteria\nStudies were included in the review if the participants were diagnosed as having depression (by any method of diagnosis and with any severity of depression) and were aged 18 or above (with no upper age limit). Only randomised controlled trials were included. A trial was defined as a randomised controlled trial if the allocation of participants to treatment and comparison groups was described as randomised (including terms such as “randomly,” “random,” and “randomisation”). Studies had to include depression as an outcome measure and could be in any language. We excluded studies that compared different types of exercise, those that measured outcomes immediately before and after a single exercise session, and those that looked at the effect of exercise on anxiety or other neurotic disorders. We included studies that compared exercise and other, established treatments for depression.\nStudy quality\nWe assessed the quality of studies by noting whether allocation was concealed and intention to treat analysis was undertaken, and whether there was blinding. 12 13 For concealment of allocation we distinguished between trials that were adequately concealed (central randomisation at a site remote from the study; computerised allocation in which records are in a locked, unreadable file that can be accessed only after entering patient details; the drawing of sealed and opaque sequentially numbered envelopes), inadequately concealed (open list or tables of random numbers; open computer systems; drawing of non-opaque envelopes), and unclear (no information in report, and the authors either did not respond to requests for information or were unable to provide information). We defined trials as using intention to treat analysis if all the patients were analysed in the groups to which they were randomly allocated. If only those who started treatment or only those who completed treatment were included in the analysis we defined the study as not using intention to treat analysis. For blinding we distinguished between trials in which the main outcome was measured by an assessor who was blind to treatment allocation and those in which the main outcome was measured either by the participants themselves or by a non-blinded assessor.\nData extraction\nThe two authors independently extracted data (the quality criteria, participant details, intervention details, outcome measures, baseline and post-intervention results, and main conclusions), using a structured form. We resolved discrepancies by referring to the original papers and discussion.\nContact with authors\nWe found current contact details of all authors through correspondence addresses on study reports and by searching websites. We contacted all authors by email or post (sending three reminders to non-responders), to establish missing details in the methods and results sections of the written reports and to determine authors' knowledge of or involvement in any current work in the area. On the envelopes we put return address details and a request to inform us if the addressee was no longer at that address.\nOutcome measures\nThe studies used a number of psychometric instruments to assess depression, with several using more than one instrument. To include data from as many trials as possible we calculated effect sizes for each trial, using Cohen's method,14 and a standardised mean difference for the overall effect. To calculate a trial's effect size we defined the main outcome measure of depression as the one reported in the abstract or the first one reported in either the methods or results sections. As the main outcome measure in 10 of the 14 trials that were finally included was the Beck depression inventory, we also combined data from these trials to calculate the weighted mean difference in the Beck depression inventory score.\nStatistical analysis\nWe undertook a narrative review of all studies and a meta-regression analysis of those studies with appropriate data. The effect of exercise compared with “no treatment” (controls on a waiting list; placebo intervention; or, where exercise was an adjunct, with both treatment and control groups receiving an identical established treatment) was considered separately from the effect of exercise compared with an established treatment for depression. Some studies were included in both analyses as they contained exercise, established treatment, and control groups.\nWe anticipated that systematic differences between studies (heterogeneity) would be likely. This was the case for the meta-analysis of studies comparing exercise with no treatment; for these we used a random effects model based on DerSimonian and Laird's method to calculate the pooled effect size.15 The results of studies comparing exercise with cognitive therapy were homogeneous; for meta-analysis of these we used the fixed effects inverse variance method.16 We also undertook a meta-regression analysis to assess the effects of allocation concealment, intention to treat analysis, blinding, the setting (whether participants were volunteers from the community or clinical patients), baseline severity of depression (using Beck depression inventory scores or, for the two studies that did not report baseline Beck depression inventory scores for the whole study sample, inputting the mean of these scores), type of exercise (aerobic or non-aerobic), type of publication (peer reviewed journal, conference abstract, or doctoral dissertation), and length of follow up. We used STATA (version 6) statistical software for all the analyses.\nResults\nStudy inclusion and characteristics\nFigure 1 summarises the process of inclusion of the studies for review and analysis. Of 72 potentially relevant studies, we excluded 56: 29 were non-systematic reviews or commentaries,17–45 15 were experimental non-randomised controlled trials,46–60 three were of psychiatric patients with mixed diagnoses and had no separate analysis for depressed patients,61–63 five did not have an outcome measure of depression,64–68 and four compared different types of exercise but had no non-exercising group.69–72\nFig 1\nProcess of inclusion of studies for review and analysis\nDownload figure\nOpen in new tab\nDownload powerpoint\nSixteen articles reporting 14 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria.73–88 Of these 14 studies, 10 were in the United States, 73 74 79–81 84–88 two were in the United Kingdom, 75 78 and one each were in Canada77 and Norway.82 Eight of the 14 studies compared an exercise group with a no treatment group, 74 75 77–79 82 and six compared exercise directly with an established form of therapy: four with cognitive therapy, 80 81 84 87 one with psychotherapy,88 and one with antidepressant treatment.73 Three of these also had a no treatment group 81 84 87; thus in total 11 studies compared exercise with no treatment and six compared it with an established treatment (fig 1).\nMissing data and contact with authors\nAuthors of 11 of the 14 studies responded to our request to provide missing data, 73–78 80 82–86 88 but three were unable to provide all the information. 85 86 88 Only seven of the 14 written reports provided adequate data for statistical pooling and confirmation of study conclusions. Through contact with authors we were able to obtain adequate data for a further five.\nQuality assessment\nMost studies were of poor quality. In no study was treatment allocation described, and contact with authors established that allocation might have been adequately concealed in only three studies. 74 75 82 Intention to treat analysis was undertaken in two studies. 73 74 The main outcome was measured by the participants themselves, by means of a questionnaire, in all but two of the studies. 73 75 The outcome assessor in one of these exceptions was not blinded,75 therefore assessment of outcome was blind in only one of the 14 studies.\nStudy populations\nNine of the studies involved non-clinical populations, 73 74 77 79–81 84 85 87 and most participants were recruited through the media. The participants in the study by McCann and Holmes85 were a sample obtained from a screening of all female entrants in one year to an undergraduate psychology course at the University of Kansas; the report stated that students had to participate in research as part of their course. Two studies reported financial incentives for participants. 79 80\nOnly four of the nine studies with non-clinical participants used clinical interview to confirm the presence of depression, 7 74 79 84 the remainder using a cut-off point on the self reported Beck depression inventory score (each study using a different value). One of the studies in which depression was confirmed by clinical interview also included patients with dysthymia (depressed mood, without the full range of symptoms of clinical depression).74\nExercise compared with placebo intervention or as an adjunct to standard treatment\nTable 1 summarises the 11 studies that compared exercise with no treatment, 10 of which had data available for analysis. The pooled standardised mean difference in effect size, calculated using the random effects model, was −1.1 (95% confidence interval −1.5 to −0.6). Significant heterogeneity between studies (Q=35.0, P<0.001) was not associated with allocation concealment, intention to treat analysis, blinding, setting, baseline severity of depression, or exercise type but was associated with type of publication and length of follow up. The reported effect of treatment was significantly higher in conference abstracts than in peer reviewed journals or doctoral dissertations (P<0.01). The estimated variance (τ2) between studies was reduced from 0.41 to 0.03 when “abstract” was added as a variable to the model. Length of follow up was significantly negatively associated with the size of effect: the addition of the variable “follow up” reduced τ2 from 0.41 to 0.08. When both these variables were combined in the model, τ2 was reduced to zero.\nTable 1\nSummary of studies that compared effects of exercise with “no treatment”\nView this table:\nView popup\nView inline\nFigure 2 shows the standardised mean differences in effect size of the 10 studies that provided these data, with the studies listed in order of length of intervention. Pooling studies according to type of publication gave standardised mean differences, calculated using the fixed effects model, of −0.7 (−1.0 to −0.5; n=8) for journal papers and dissertations and −2.3 (−2.9 to −1.8; n=2) for conference abstracts; pooling according to duration of intervention gave −1.8 (−2.3 to −1.3; n=2) for less than eight weeks, −1.3 (−1.8 to −0.9; n=4) for eight weeks, and −0.6 (−0.9 to −0.3; n=4) for more than eight weeks (there was no significant heterogeneity within these subgroups). Although the effect size remained significant when the two conference abstracts were excluded and when we analysed only those studies of more than eight weeks' duration, the effect was reduced.\nFig 2\nStandardised mean difference in size of effect of exercise compared with “no treatment” for depression\nDownload figure\nOpen in new tab\nDownload powerpoint\nPooling the nine studies that used the Beck depression inventory as a measure of depression gave a weighted mean difference in the score of −7.3 (−10.0 to −4.6). Again there was significant heterogeneity, associated with type of publication and length of follow up.\nExercise compared with standard treatments for depression\nTable 2 summarises the six studies that compared exercise and standard interventions, four of which compared exercise and cognitive therapy. Figure 3, which shows the standardised mean differences of these four studies, shows that the difference in effect size between exercise and cognitive therapy was not significant (standardised mean difference −0.3 (95% confidence interval −0.7 to 0.1)). These studies were homogeneous (Q=2.9, P=0.4).\nTable 2\nSummary of studies that compared effects of exercise with established treatments\nView this table:\nView popup\nView inline\nFig 3\nStandardised mean difference in size of effect of exercise compared with cognitive therapy\nDownload figure\nOpen in new tab\nDownload powerpoint\nOnly one study compared exercise and standard antidepressant treatment.73 Its main outcome measure—the Hamilton rating scale of depression—did not differ significantly between the groups of patients receiving the exercise intervention, medication, or both; and at the end of the intervention period the proportion of patients diagnosed as no longer depressed was similar in each group.\nDiscussion\nQuality of the studies\nExercise may be efficacious in reducing depressive symptoms, but the poor quality of much of the evidence is of concern. The fact that none of the measures of study quality explained the variation among the studies is likely to be due to the low quality of most of the studies. The size of the effect is increased by results from two unpublished conference abstracts and studies with a shorter follow up period, suggesting that results may be sustained only in the short term. All the studies reported results at the end of the intervention, and only one study followed patients up beyond the completion of the intervention. This was the only study that found no effect of exercise, compared with the control group, at the end of the intervention period (12 weeks); at nine months' follow up the reduction in symptoms remained similar in the exercise intervention, control (meditation), and cognitive therapy groups.84 Thus this evidence does not support a sustained effect of exercise beyond the intervention period. Participants from one other study are being followed up for two years (N Singh, personal communication, 1999),74 and the results of this follow up will provide important information.\nThe size of the effect of exercise compared with no treatment in the studies we analysed is similar to those found by three previous meta-analyses.9–11 We aimed to provide a better quality analysis by including only trials that were described as randomised controlled trials. Our results did not differ from those of meta-analyses that also included non-randomised trials and observational data; this may be because the effect of randomisation was mitigated by the lack of adequate concealment, intention to treat analysis, and blinding, making the trials in our analysis no better than non-randomised trials.\nType of exercise\nThere was no association between type of exercise and the variation in results between studies, indicating that aerobic and non-aerobic exercise have a similar effect. Studies directly comparing different exercise types support such a finding.69–72 However, this may be because the effect is due to psychosocial factors, such as learning a new skill or socialising, rather than to the exercise itself. None of the participants in the studies we reviewed exercised alone: they were either with other participants or with a coach. McNeil et al included a social contact control group and found no significant difference in the effect on depressive symptoms between this group and the exercise group.77\nImplications\nOur aim was to assess clinical effectiveness—that is, the likely effect of exercise on clinical patients in everyday practice. Although no trial can exactly replicate everyday practice, the screening out of individuals who were not motivated to exercise, the use of non-clinical volunteers, and the lack of intention to treat analysis in most of the studies suggest that our results overestimate what would be likely in real life. In the United Kingdom rates of compliance with “exercise on prescription” schemes among patients with any referral criteria vary from 20% to 50%. 4 89 It is reasonable to assume that compliance among patients with depression would be similar or worse. Salmon has pointed out that the allocation of depressed patients in these studies to activities such as running or aerobics “must puzzle clinicians, who in treating depressed people, often have to contend with an absence of motivation to tackle much less strenuous features of life's routine.”37 Baseline severity of depression, when added to the regression model, was not associated with any of the systematic differences between studies. This suggests that, although different criteria for determining inclusion were used, participants in each study had similar levels of depression. However, the fact that most studies used non-clinical participants means that the results may be less generalisable.\nTo use as much of the available data as possible we calculated the standardised mean difference using effect sizes. The result is therefore expressed as a standard deviation. That is to say, our results show that people who exercise are “1.1 standard deviations less depressed than non-exercisers”; in clinical terms such a result is difficult to understand. We also calculated pooled differences in the mean score on the Beck depression inventory (a common instrument in mental health research) for those studies in which this measure was used. We argue, however, that even such a well known instrument is difficult to interpret clinically. Our result shows that people who exercise score less on the Beck depression inventory scale (by 7.3 points) than those who do not exercise, a result that is likely to have little meaning for most doctors and patients. A more useful outcome measure would be the likelihood of being depressed after the intervention, but only two studies included a dichotomous outcome. 73 81 Epstein, comparing exercise and no treatment, found no significant difference between the exercise and control groups in the numbers of participants who were still diagnosed as having depression.81 A dichotomous result is a more understandable and perhaps a more important outcome measure in clinical terms, and such measures should be included in future research in this area.\nMany of the problems we identified in the studies we reviewed are also present in research into other interventions in the management of depression, 90 91 highlighting the need for better quality research in the area of depression. We conclude that it is not possible to determine from the available evidence the effectiveness of exercise in the management of depression. However, exercise may be efficacious in reducing the symptoms of depression in some volunteers in the short term. Doctors could recommend more physical activity to their motivated patients, but this should not replace standard treatment, particularly for those with severe disease. Other health benefits could accrue to patients who do become more active. 92 93 There is a need for well designed, randomised controlled trials on a clinical population that measure both continuous and dichotomous outcomes and that follow up participants for at least 12 months.\nAcknowledgments\nThis work began as part of a training course at the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, and we thank Jos Kleinan and other staff at the centre for their help. Alan Lui (audit nurse, Airedale General Hospital, West Yorkshire) helped with the protocol development and retrieval of articles. Domenico Scala (senior house officer, psychiatry, Lynfield Mount Hospital, Bradford) translated one Italian paper. Matthias Egger and David Gunnell (department of social medicine, University of Bristol) gave useful comments on an earlier draft.\nContributors: Both authors developed the idea for the review, the protocol, and the search strategy, applied the search strategy, and independently extracted data from retrieved articles. DAL undertook all statistical analyses and wrote the original draft of the paper. Both authors contributed to the final version of the paper, and both act as guarantors.\nFootnotes\nFunding None.\nCompeting interests None declared.\nReferences\n1.↵\nThompson J,\nRankin H,\nAshcroft GW,\nYates CM,\nMcQueen JK,\nCummings SW\n.The treatment of depression in general practice: a comparison of L-tryptophan, amitriptyline and a combination of L-tryptophan and amitriptyline with placebo.Psychol Med1982; 12:741–751.\nOpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science\n2.↵\nJohnson DAW\n.Treatment of depression in general practice.BMJ1973; ii:18–20.\nOpenUrl\n3.↵\nScott MG\n.The contributions of physical activity to psychological development.Res Q1960; 31:307–320.\nOpenUrl\n4.↵\nBiddle S,\nFox K,\nEdmund L\n.Physical activity in primary care in England.London:Health Education Authority,1994.\n5.↵\nLepore SJ\n.Expressive writing moderates the relation between intrusive thoughts and depressive symptoms.J Pers Soc Psychol1997; 73:1030–1037.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science\n6.↵\nMynors-Wallis LM,\nGath DH,\nBaker F\n.Randomised controlled trial of problem solving treatment, antidepressant medication, and combined treatment for major depression in primary care.BMJ2000; 320:26–30.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n7.↵\nLeith LM\n.Foundations of exercise and mental health.Morgantown, WV:Fitness Information Technology,1994:17–44.\n8.↵\nThornen P,\nFloras JS,\nHoffman P,\nSeals DR\n.Endorphins and exercise: physiological mechanisms and clinical implications.Med Sci Sports Exerc1990; 22:417–428.\nOpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science\n9.↵\nNorth TC,\nMcCullagh P,\nVu Tran Z\n.Effect of exercise on depression.Exerc Sports Sci Rev1990; 80:379–416.\nOpenUrl\n10.\nCarlson DL\n.The effects of exercise on depression: a review and meta-regression analysis [dissertation]. 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In: Missoula:University of Montana,1981.\n88.↵\nGreist JH,\nKlein MH,\nEischens RJ,\nFaris J,\nGurman AS,\nMorgan WP\n.Running as treatment for depression.Compr Psychiatry1979; 20:41–54.\nOpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science\n89.↵\nFox K,\nBiddle S,\nEdmunds L,\nBowler I,\nKilloran AL\n.Physical activity promotion through primary health care in England.Br J Gen Pract1997; 47:367–369.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n90.↵\nHotopf M,\nLewis G,\nNormand C\n.Putting trials on trial—the costs and consequences of small trials in depression: a systematic review of methodology.J Epidemiol Community Health1997; 51:354–358.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\n91.↵\nStreiner DL,\nJoffe R\n.The adequacy of reporting randomized controlled trials in the evaluation of antidepressants.Can J Psychiatry1998; 43:1026–1030.\nOpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science\n92.↵\nFentem PH\n.Benefits of exercise in health and disease.BMJ1994; 308:1291–1295.\nOpenUrlFREE Full Text\n93.↵\nBerlin JA,\nColditz GA\n.A meta-regression analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease.Am J Epidemiol1990; 132:612–628.\nOpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text\nView Abstract\nTweet Widget\nFacebook Like\nArticle tools\nPDF2 responses\nRespond to this article\nData supplement\nPrint\nAlerts & updates\nArticle alerts\nPlease note: your email address is provided to the journal, which may use this information for marketing purposes.\nLog in or register:\nUsername *\nPassword *\nRegister for alerts\nIf you have registered for alerts, you should use your registered email address as your username\nCitation tools\nDownload this article to citation manager\nDebbie A Lawlor, Stephen W Hopker\nLawlor Debbie A, Hopker Stephen W. 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Effect of inhalation of hot humidified air on experimental rhinovirus infection. - PubMed - NCBI\nWarning: The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function. more...\nNCBI\nSkip to main content\nSkip to navigation\nResources\nAll Resources\nChemicals & Bioassays\nBioSystems\nPubChem BioAssay\nPubChem Compound\nPubChem Structure Search\nPubChem Substance\nAll Chemicals & Bioassays Resources...\nDNA & RNA\nBLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)\nBLAST (Stand-alone)\nE-Utilities\nGenBank\nGenBank: BankIt\nGenBank: Sequin\nGenBank: tbl2asn\nGenome Workbench\nInfluenza Virus\nNucleotide Database\nPopSet\nPrimer-BLAST\nProSplign\nReference Sequence (RefSeq)\nRefSeqGene\nSequence Read Archive (SRA)\nSplign\nTrace Archive\nUniGene\nAll DNA & RNA Resources...\nData & Software\nBLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)\nBLAST (Stand-alone)\nCn3D\nConserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)\nE-Utilities\nGenBank: BankIt\nGenBank: Sequin\nGenBank: tbl2asn\nGenome ProtMap\nGenome 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8151855\nFormat SummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID List MeSH and Other Data\nE-mail\nSubject\nAdditional text\nE-mail\nDidn't get the message? Find out why...\nAdd to Clipboard\nAdd to Collections\nOrder articles\nAdd to My Bibliography\nGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.\nCreate File\nJAMA. 1994 Apr 13;271(14):1112-3.\nEffect of inhalation of hot humidified air on experimental rhinovirus infection.\nHendley JO1, Abbott RD, Beasley PP, Gwaltney JM Jr.\nAuthor information\n1\nDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908.\nAbstract\nOBJECTIVE:\nNasal inhalation of steam has been proposed as treatment of viral colds on the assumption that increased intranasal temperature will inhibit replication of rhinovirus (RV). The effect of steam inhalation on RV shedding by infected volunteers was examined in this study.\nDESIGN:\nRandomized controlled trial. Volunteers experimentally infected with RV were treated with machine-generated humidified air, which was either hot (active) or at room temperature (placebo). Viral shedding was assessed over the 4 days following treatment.\nSETTING:\nLocal hotel.\nPARTICIPANTS:\nTwenty volunteers from the university community who were susceptible to the challenge virus.\nINTERVENTION:\nTwo 30-minute intranasal treatments, the first at 24 hours after inoculation and the second at 48 hours. The temperature of active vapor was 42 degrees C to 44 degrees C and of placebo vapor was 22 degrees C.\nMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:\nViral titers in nasal washings on each of 5 days following inoculation.\nRESULTS:\nMean viral titers prior to the first treatment were 10(1.7) tissue culture infectious doses per milliliter in the active group and 10(1.5) in the placebo group. Mean titers for the next 4 days were 10(1.7), and 10(1.7), 10(1.2), and 10(0.9)/mL in the active group and 10(1.8), 10(1.9), 10(1.6), and 10(0.7)/mL in the placebo group (no significant difference). The proportion of volunteers who shed virus on each day was also similar in the two groups.\nCONCLUSION:\nTwo nasal inhalation treatments with steam had no effect on viral shedding in volunteers with experimental RV colds.\nComment in\nThe common cold: the effect of hot humid air on the nasal mucosa. [JAMA. 1994]\nThe common cold: the effect of hot humid air on the nasal mucosa. [JAMA. 1994]\nThe common cold. Cold water on hot news. [JAMA. 1994]\nPMID:\n8151855\n[Indexed for MEDLINE]\nShare\nPublication types, MeSH terms, Substance\nPublication types\nClinical Trial\nRandomized Controlled Trial\nResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't\nMeSH terms\nAdministration, Inhalation\nCommon Cold/microbiology\nCommon Cold/physiopathology\nCommon Cold/therapy*\nHumans\nHumidity*\nRhinovirus*\nSteam*\nTemperature\nTreatment Outcome\nVirus Shedding*\nSubstance\nSteam\nLinkOut - more resources\nFull Text Sources\nSilverchair Information Systems\nOvid Technologies, Inc.\nOther Literature Sources\nCOS Scholar Universe\nMedical\nClinicalTrials.gov\nCommon Cold - MedlinePlus Health Information\nSupplemental Content\nFull text links\nYou are here: NCBI > Literature > PubMed\nSupport Center\nSimple NCBI Directory\nGetting Started\nNCBI Education\nNCBI Help Manual\nNCBI Handbook\nTraining & Tutorials\nSubmit Data\nResources\nChemicals & Bioassays\nData & Software\nDNA & RNA\nDomains & Structures\nGenes & Expression\nGenetics & Medicine\nGenomes & Maps\nHomology\nLiterature\nProteins\nSequence Analysis\nTaxonomy\nVariation\nPopular\nPubMed\nBookshelf\nPubMed Central\nBLAST\nNucleotide\nGenome\nSNP\nGene\nProtein\nPubChem\nFeatured\nGenetic Testing Registry\nGenBank\nReference Sequences\nGene Expression Omnibus\nGenome Data Viewer\nHuman Genome\nMouse Genome\nInfluenza Virus\nPrimer-BLAST\nSequence Read Archive\nNCBI Information\nAbout NCBI\nResearch at NCBI\nNCBI News & Blog\nNCBI FTP Site\nNCBI on Facebook\nNCBI on Twitter\nNCBI on YouTube\nPrivacy Policy\nExternal link. 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2019-04-24T17:49:43Z

"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8151855"

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

p Naturopathic Physicians Share Their Natural Remedies for Anxiety\nHome\nDaily\nAging & Independence\nBones & Joints\nCancer\nCOPD\nDepression\nDiabetes\nDigestive Health\nEnergy and Fatigue\nEyes, Ears, Nose & Throat\nGluten Free & Food Allergies\nHeart Health\nMemory\nMobility & Fitness\nNutrition\nPain\nProstate\nSleep\nStress & Anxiety\nFree Guides\nBone and Joint Conditions: Gout symptoms, osteoarthritis treatments, rheumatoid arthritis pain relief, and more\nMen’s Prostate Health: BPH, prostatitis and prostate cancer symptoms, screenings, treatment, and more\nPanic Attack Symptoms and Anxiety Symptoms: How to deal with anxiety and how to relieve stress\nSleeping Disorders: Narcolepsy, sleep apnea test, snoring solutions, insomnia cures, and more\nView all Reports »\nArticle Archive\nHealth Publications\nHealth Reports\nMy Library\nAccount\nAuthors\nBrowse Topics\nGlossary\nKeyword Index\nContact Us\nAbout Us\nPrivacy Policy\nMember?\nLogin\nHome\nDaily\nFree Guides\nHealth Publications\nHealth Reports\nMy Library\nSubscriber Sign In Sign Up\nDepression\n2 Top Naturopathic Physicians Share Their Natural Remedies for Anxiety\nDietary and lifestyle therapies can be natural remedies for anxiety.\n« Previous\nNext »\nBy UHN Staff • Oct 16, 2017\nRead Comments (3)\nTotal: 26\n8\n1\n0\n3\n6\n8\nFacebook\nTwitter\nGoogle+\nPinterest\nLinkedIn\nDigg\nDel\nStumbleUpon\nTumblr\nVKontakte\nPrint\nEmail\nFlattr\nReddit\nBuffer\nLove This\nWeibo\nPocket\nXing\nOdnoklassniki\nManageWP.org\nWhatsApp\nMeneame\nBlogger\nAmazon\nYahoo Mail\nGmail\nAOL\nNewsvine\nHackerNews\nEvernote\nMySpace\nMail.ru\nViadeo\nLine\nFlipboard\nComments\nYummly\nSMS\nViber\nTelegram\nSubscribe\nSkype\nFacebook Messenger\nKakao\nLiveJournal\nYammer\nEdgar\nx\nDietary and lifestyle therapies can be natural remedies for anxiety.\nAre you plagued by constant worry or fear? Do you often feel “on edge”? Anxiety is among the most common mental health issues facing today’s population.\nUp to 31.6 percent of people in the United States will at some point in their lives be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.[1] Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or social phobia, are diagnosed when an individual has three or more anxiety symptoms for a period of six consecutive months on an almost daily basis.\nGet Your Depression Guide\nAre you or a loved one suffering from constant sadness? Do you ever have difficulty concentrating or sometimes just feel helpless?\nIf so, claim your FREE copy, right now, of our definitive guide on depression.\nAnxiety symptoms are both emotional and physical\nAnxiety symptoms consist of both mental/emotional symptoms and physical symptoms. They can include:\nFear\nDecreased libido\nDecreased emotionality\nIrritability\nRestlessness, inability to relax\nDifficulty concentrating\nIrregular heartbeat\nShortness of breath\nNausea\nSweating\nTremor\nIncreased urination\nIncreased appetite\nDiarrhea\nVertigo\nIncreased pain sensitivity\nConventional treatment with medications, whether antidepressants or anxiolytics (benzodiazapines), are fraught with side effects. This spurs many patients suffering from anxiety to seek out natural treatments.\nNatural anxiety remedies are effective\nFortunately, many effective natural treatment options for anxiety are available. Naturopathic physicians are particularly skilled at helping patients conquer anxiety using comprehensive natural treatment plans that incorporate dietary and lifestyle therapies along with natural remedies for anxiety.\nAccording to Dr. Lise Alschuler, the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians 2014 Physician of the Year, a multipronged approach using scientifically supported nutrients and herbs can change the course of anxiety.\nDr. Tori Hudson, one of the nation’s top naturopathic physicians, authors, educators, and researchers, agrees. Dr. Hudson uses evidence-based nutraceuticals and botanicals to help her patients with anxiety. Both she and Dr. Alschuler have recently published articles describing their preferred natural remedies for anxiety, summarized here.[2,3]\nComprehensive anxiety treatment involves more than just supplements\nBefore discussing specific remedies, however, it’s important to note that both Dr. Hudson and Dr. Alschuler stress that taking supplements is generally not the sole recommended treatment. In addition to supplementation with herbs and/or nutrients, successful treatment of anxiety typically requires a more comprehensive approach that includes a number of diet and lifestyle changes.\nAddress lifestyle factors. “It all starts with managing stress and optimizing lifestyle habits such as sleep, regular and healthy eating, regular exercise, and reduction of stimulants,” says Dr. Hudson.[3] Dr. Alschuler agrees that dietary and lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 rich foods are crucial.[2]\nLook for underlying issues. Also necessary is addressing any underlying contributing factors that are causing or exacerbating the anxiety. Contributing factors, according to Dr. Alschuler, include nutrient deficiencies, food intolerances (in particular gluten), blood sugar dysregulation, caffeine, drug, and alcohol use, and a history of trauma.[2]\nIt is also very important, says Dr. Hudson, to evaluate whether the patient has a medical condition such as hyperthyroid, substance abuse, a heart condition, or asthma that manifests as anxiety.[3]\nL-theanine. Both doctors recommend L-theanine, an amino acid found in green tea primarily responsible for its relaxation effects. L-theanine consistently relieves stress and anxiety symptoms in both animals and humans. It readily crosses the blood-brain barrier where it exerts a variety of well-documented anti-anxiety and calming effects:\nSeveral studies have shown that it increases the activity of inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as GABA, and also modulates the activity of dopamine and serotonin in certain brain regions.[4]\nL-theanine also generates alpha waves in the central nervous system, resulting in a relaxed yet alert state.[4]\nIt may also relieve stress through the modulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, preventing the negative effects of stress on the adrenal glands.[5]\nL-theanine has even recently been shown to change the expression of genes implicated in anxiety within the brain.[6]\nAlthough more clinical studies in humans diagnosed with anxiety disorders need to be conducted to clarify the effects of L-theanine supplementation on anxiety symptoms, many naturopathic physicians such as Drs. Hudson and Alschuler are prescribing it in their practices and their patients with anxiety are seeing results.\nThe recommended dose of L-theanine is 200 to 400 mg twice a day.\nLavender oil. Another natural remedy for anxiety recommended by both Dr. Hudson and Dr. Alschuler is lavender oil. The essential (volatile) oil of lavender has been found to have anti-anxiety effects in a number of clinical trials. One published review of seven clinical trials concluded that oral lavender supplements are significantly superior to placebo for lowering anxiety symptoms in people with generalized anxiety disorder as well as people with anxiety symptoms who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for having an anxiety disorder.[7]\nIn one trial, 40 percent of patients with generalized anxiety disorder taking oral lavender were completely free of anxiety compared to 27 percent of anxiety patients taking the benzodiazepine, lorazepam.[8] A recent study found that oral lavender oil may work by modulating activity of the neurotransmitter, serotonin.[9]\nThe recommended dose of encapsulated lavender oil (as Silexan, also known as Lavela WS 1265) is 80 mg twice daily. (See also our post “Lavender for Sleep: How to Get Quality Shut-Eye, Naturally.”)\nWhat to try first\nWith both of these top naturopathic physicians recommending L-theanine and oral lavender supplements for anxiety, how do you know what natural remedy for anxiety to try first?\nThe published literature more strongly supports lavender over L-theanine, so you may want to begin with a trial of oral lavender capsules. Most people start seeing improvements in anxiety symptoms after two weeks, with even more relief reported after a full ten weeks of regularly taking the supplement.\nNo matter what you decide to try first, know that many evidence-based options are available to decrease your anxiety, so don’t dismay and get started on a treatment plan today.\n[1] Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012 Sep;21(3):169–184.\n[2]\n[3] Nat Med J. 2012 Aug;4(8).\n[4] Nutr Neurosci. 2014 Jul;17(4):145-55.\n[5] Exp Physiol. 2013 Jan;98(1):290-303.\n[6] ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:419032.\n[7] Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2013 Nov;17Suppl1:15-22.\n[8] Phytomedicine. 2010 Feb;17(2):94-9.\n[9] Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015 Feb;18(4):pyu063.\nOriginally published in 2014, this post is regularly updated.\nArticle Meta Data\n« Previous\nNext »\nRelated Posts\nSerotonin and its Link to Depression\n8 Tips on How to Cure Depression\n4 GABA Deficiency Symptoms You Can Identify Yourself\nHow to Support Someone Dealing with Depression\n2 Natural Antidepressants Found to Be as Effective as Prozac\nTags\nalcohol, anti anxiety, antidepressants, anxiety, anxiety disorder, anxiety disorders, anxiety remedies, anxiety symptoms, anxiety treatment, appetite, asthma, blood brain barrier, blood sugar, brain, caffeine, central nervous system, diarrhea, diet, dopamine, effects of stress, exercise, food, food intolerances, gaba, generalized anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, gluten, green tea, health, healthy eating, heart condition, increased appetite, lavela ws 1265, lavender, lavender capsules, lavender for sleep, lavender oil, lavender supplements for anxiety, mental health, natural anxiety, natural anxiety remedies, natural remedies, natural remedies for, natural remedies for anxiety, natural remedy, natural remedy for anxiety, natural treatment, natural treatments, naturopathic, neurotransmitter, nutrients, omega 3, pain, people with anxiety, physical activity, physical anxiety, remedies for anxiety, remedy for anxiety, serotonin, shortness of breath, side effects, sleep, social phobia, stress, stress and anxiety, suffering from anxiety, sugar, supplement, supplements, supplements for anxiety, treatment of anxiety, vegetables, vertigo.\nAnchor\nComments\ncharleen l.\t November 5, 2018\nwould like a doctor near me Rochester NY is the nearest city and I am 20 miles east.\nM H.\t April 3, 2019\nIf there is a dr near Craig, CO that can help naturally with anxiety and depression? I am looking for help\nLenora April 23, 2019\nnot enough studies on humans bc they torture mice in college labs, and other animals too , but there’s justice sooner or later.\nLeave a Reply\nClick here to cancel reply.\nName (required)\nEmail (will not be published) (required)\nComment\nWhat can we help you find?\nBrowse Topics\nAging & Independence\nBones & Joints\nCancer\nCOPD\nDepression\nDiabetes\nDigestive Health\nEnergy and Fatigue\nEyes, Ears, Nose & Throat\nGluten Free & Food Allergies\nHeart Health\nMemory\nMen's Health\nMobility & Fitness\nNutrition\nPain\nProstate\nSleep\nStress & Anxiety\nWomen's Health\nFree Guides\nInflammation Causes & Effects:\nAcute vs. chronic inflammation, joint inflammation, fatigue and inflammation, and anti-inflammatory foods\nWeight-Loss Secrets:\n30 natural ways to lose weight or manage your weight—foods to avoid, how to stop cravings, the best diet plans, and more\nHeadache Relief:\nYour symptom and treatment guide to migraines plus chronic, cluster, sinus, and tension headaches\nCold & Flu Prevention:\nCommon-sense remedies for preventing, fighting off, and treating the common cold and flu.\nView all Reports »\n×\nEnter Your Log In Credentials\nEmail\nPassword\nRemember Me\nThis setting should only be used on your home or work computer.\nLost password? 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If you are a subscriber, use the form below to log in.\nSubscribers will have unlimited access to the magazine that helps the small-scale poultry enthusiast raise healthy, happy, productive flocks for eggs, meat or fun - from the countryside to the urban homestead!\nUsername\nPassword\nRemember Me\nThis setting should only be used on your home or work computer.\nLost your password? Create New Password\nNo password? Subscribe\nAccount\nAbout Us\nPrivacy Policy\nAuthor Index\nArticle Archive\nRSS Feed\nGlossary\nContact Us\nCopyright © 2019 University Health News\nSend this to a friend\nYour email Recipient email Your message\nHi,\nI thought you might be interested in this article on https://universityhealthnews.com: 2 Top Naturopathic Physicians Share Their Natural Remedies for Anxiety\n-- Read the story at https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/depression/2-top-naturopathic-physicians-share-their-natural-remedies-for-anxiety/\nSend\nCancel

2019-04-25T13:03:37Z

"https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/depression/2-top-naturopathic-physicians-share-their-natural-remedies-for-anxiety/"

universityhealthnews.com

pilumab (Dupixent®): First Global Approval – don’t just scratch the surface – go skin deep and relieve the symptoms of uncontrolled eczema – Adis in touch\nSkip to content\nHome\nDupilumab (Dupixent®): First Global Approval – don’t just scratch the surface – go skin deep and relieve the symptoms of uncontrolled eczema\nWendy McNeely\tin Adis, Adis Journals, AdisInsight\t June 15, 2017 June 16, 2017 448 Words\nSearch for:\nRecent Posts\nArtificial Intelligence: organised chaos or chaos ordered?\nIs the Search for a Cure for Alzheimer’s Disease Hopeless?\nDIA India 2019: Regulatory Trends in Clinical Safety & Pharmacovigilance (An EU perspective).\nDIA India 2019 – Keynote Presentation: India Implements Initiatives to Encourage Domestic Clinical Trial Activity and Increase Safety\nDIA India: 7th Pharmacovigilance Conference 2019\nRecent Comments\nDr Paul Tappenden as… on Call for Papers: Themed Issue…\nDupilumab (Dupixent®… on Dupilumab (Dupixent®): First G…\nDurvalumab (IMFENZI®… on Durvalumab (IMFINZI®): Follow…\nDupilumab (Dupixent®… on Dupilumab (Dupixent®): First G…\nBaricitinib (Olumian… on Baricitinib (Olumiant™): First…\nArchives\nApril 2019\nMarch 2019\nFebruary 2019\nDecember 2018\nNovember 2018\nOctober 2018\nJuly 2018\nJune 2018\nMay 2018\nApril 2018\nMarch 2018\nFebruary 2018\nJanuary 2018\nDecember 2017\nNovember 2017\nOctober 2017\nSeptember 2017\nAugust 2017\nJuly 2017\nJune 2017\nMay 2017\nApril 2017\nMarch 2017\nFebruary 2017\nJanuary 2017\nDecember 2016\nOctober 2016\nSeptember 2016\nAugust 2016\nJuly 2016\nApril 2016\nOctober 2015\nJuly 2015\nJune 2015\nFebruary 2015\nOctober 2014\nSeptember 2014\nAugust 2014\nJuly 2014\nMay 2014\nMarch 2014\nJanuary 2014\nOctober 2013\nJuly 2013\nJanuary 2012\nCategories\nAdis (87)\nAdis Journals (93)\nAdis Pharmacovigilance (28)\nAdisInsight (95)\nUncategorized (2)\nThe recent first global approval of dupilumab has been reviewed in detail in the First Global Approval report in Adis journal Drugs, based on the development milestones tracked in AdisInsight.\nIn late March 2017, dupilumab (Dupixent®), co-developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi, received its first global approval in the US for the treatment of moderate-to-severe eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adult patients whose eczema is not controlled adequately by topical therapies, or those for whom topical therapies are not advisable.[1]\nDupilumab is a subcutaneous fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Ra); once bound, it inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13 signalling and subsequently inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and IgE that are key drivers for the disease. The agent was approved under the FDA’s Priority Review and Breakthrough Therapy programs.[1]\nUp to 10% of the adult population in the US has moderate-to-severe eczema[2], and the disease is estimated to affect approximately 3% of the population worldwide.[3]\nDupilumab is dispensed in prefilled syringes for self-administration once every fortnight (after a loading dose).[4] This formulation and dosing regimen provides a treatment option for those patients that have not responded to topical corticosteroids and those for whom the topical treatment is contraindicated.\n“To date, there have been few options available to treat people with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis who have uncontrolled disease. That’s why today’s approval of Dupixent is so important for our community. Now we have a treatment that is expected to help address patients suffering from this devastating disease,” said Julie Block, President and Chief Executive Officer, National Eczema Association.[5]\nSpeaking of the future, Olivier Brandicourt, M.D., Chief Executive Officer, Sanofi explained that “The approval of DUPIXENT offers new hope for adults with moderate-to-severe AD in the United States, and we look forward to working with regulatory authorities around the world to bring this important new medicine to patients globally.”[5]\nDupilumab is under review by the EMA, and in the UK, the drug has been granted a positive scientific opinion by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency via the Early Access to Medicines Scheme in the UK.[6] Furthermore, the US FDA has granted dupilumab Breakthrough Therapy designation for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adolescents, and for severe disease in children, in both cases where topical medications are inadequate or inappropriate. Global investigation is ongoing in both adults and paediatrics for atopic dermatitis.\nThe product label warns against adjustment or cessation of asthma medications without physician consent in patients with comorbid asthma.[4]\nFor further information related to the first approval of dupilumab please visit Drugs or to learn more about the overall development of dupilumab across all indications visit AdisInsight.\nImage credit: Adiano / Fotolia\nShare this:\nTwitter\nFacebook\nLike this:\nLike Loading...\nTagged\natopic dermatitis\nDupilumab\neczema\nFirst global approval\nmoderate-to-severe\nrefractory disease\nRegeneron Pharmaceuticals\nSanofi\nsubcutaneous\nUSA\nWendy McNeely I am a Product Manager in the Adis Database Group. I work on providing solutions for Pharma companies in relation to mandatory pharmacovigilance activities, and on content development initiatives, to provide value to our customers. My role is to understand the individual workflows for customers and design a pharmacovigilance service that provides the relevant information to suit individual requirements.\nPublished June 15, 2017 June 16, 2017\nPost navigation\nLive webinar: The EMA’s MLM service and options for integration\nOcrelizumab (Ocrevus™): First Global Approval – making a B-line to crushing the most aggressive form of MS\n4 thoughts on “Dupilumab (Dupixent®): First Global Approval – don’t just scratch the surface – go skin deep and relieve the symptoms of uncontrolled eczema”\nKaren Miller says:\nJuly 25, 2017 at 1:52 pm\nCan you site where you found the information regarding “Furthermore, the US FDA has granted dupilumab Breakthrough Therapy designation for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adolescents, and for severe disease in children, in both cases where topical medications are inadequate or inappropriate.” in the above article?\nReply\nAdis says:\nJuly 26, 2017 at 7:48 am\nHi Karen,\nThank you for your comment. The information you asked about came from the original First Global Approval paper written by Adis in its journal Drugs:\n“In October 2016 Breakthrough Therapy designation was also granted by the FDA for dupilumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in patients 12 to <18 years of age and for severe atopic dermatitis in patients 6 months to <12 years of age when topical medications are inadequate or inappropriate [5].”\nThe reference for this (as cited) is:\nhttp://newsroom.regeneron.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=997688\nGenerally speaking, if there are no direct citations for statements made in the blog post, it is because the information is found in the original First Global Report paper that is being highlighted; the links for the original paper are typically provided at the beginning and end of each post.\nI hope this helps!\nRegards,\nWendy\nReply\nPingback: Dupilumab (Dupixent®): NICE Publishes Positive Final Appraisal Determination – Adis in touch\nPingback: Dupilumab (Dupixent®): CADTH Publishes Negative Recommendation for Reimbursement in Canada – Adis in touch\nLeave a Reply\tCancel reply\nPowered by WordPress.com.\n%d bloggers like this:

2019-04-25T04:49:38Z

"https://adisintouch.com/2017/06/15/fga-dupilumab-jun17/comment-page-1/"

adisintouch.com

Dupixent (dupilumab): An Injectable Medication for Eczema\nicon-circle-arrow-right\nMenu\nVerywell Health\nDupixent (dupilumab): An Injectable Medication for Moderate to Severe Eczema\nShare\nFlip\nEmail\nSearch\nSearch\nClear\nGO\nMore in Skin Health\nEczema & Dermatitis\nAcne\nPsoriasis\nFungal, Bacterial & Viral Infections\nMore Skin Conditions\nSkin Care & Cleansing Products\nView More\nTools & Resources\nThyroid Test Analyzer\nDoctor Discussion Guides\nHemoglobin A1c Test Analyzer\nLipid Test Analyzer\nTypes of Lung Cancer\nScar Tissue\nWhat Is Sacroiliitis?\nTips to Treat Acne\nEye Exams\nBlood in Stool\nHealth A-Z\nArthritis\nType 2 Diabetes\nHeart Disease\nDigestive Health\nLung Cancer\nMultiple Sclerosis\nView All\nPrevention & Treatment\nVaccines\nFirst Aid\nSurgery\nHerbal Medicine\nSupplements\nHealthy Aging\nView All\nHealth Care\nHealth Insurance\nPublic Health\nPatient Rights\nHealth Technology\nFor Caregivers & Loved Ones\nFor Healthcare Professionals\nView All\nVisit our other Verywell sites:\nVerywell Fit Verywell Mind Verywell Family\nSkin Health Eczema & Dermatitis\nDupixent (dupilumab): An Injectable Medication for Moderate to Severe Eczema\nThere may be a good solution to your endless scratching and skin patches\nPrint\nBy Colleen Doherty, MD | Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician\nUpdated March 27, 2019\nMore in Skin Health\nEczema & Dermatitis\nAcne\nPsoriasis\nFungal, Bacterial & Viral Infections\nMore Skin Conditions\nSkin Care & Cleansing Products\nAtopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a common, chronic skin disease that causes dry, itchy, flaky, and sometimes crusting or oozing red skin. It often begins in childhood and for some people can persist through adulthood. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, approximately 1 to 3 percent of adults worldwide have atopic dermatitis.\nThe precise cause of atopic dermatitis is still being debated and studied, but likely entails a complex interplay between a person's genes, their immune system, and an impaired function of the epidermis—the outermost layer of a person's skin.\nAtopic dermatitis can usually be managed with:\ngood skin care, including moisturization\nremoval of triggers and aggravating factors\ntreatments applied on the skin, like prescription steroid creams and ointments\nIn some adults with moderate to severe eczema, however, their disease doesn't improve with traditional therapies (or they are unable to take these therapies), so a genetically engineered injectable may be needed.\nHow to Treat and Prevent Eczema\nDupixent (dupilumab) is the first and only injectable medication FDA-approved for treating moderate to severe eczema in adults. It is injected every two weeks into the thigh or lower abdomen within the fatty layer just below the skin—this is called a subcutaneous injection. This medication can be used in combination with topical steroid therapies, or it can be used by itself.\nYour doctor or nurse can teach you or a loved one how to give the injection, so you can do it from the comfort of your home.\nHow Dupixent (dupilumab) Works\nDupixent (dupilumab) is a biologic medication, which means that it works on the whole body to change the way your immune system works. It is a human monoclonal antibody—a type of antibody created in a laboratory.\nLearn About Biologics and Their Uses\nOnce injected and absorbed into the bloodstream, it binds to a specific docking site that ultimately blocks the action of two messenger proteins (interleukin-4 and interleukin-13). These proteins are known to play a major role in the formation of eczema patches.\nEffects of Dupixent (dupilumab)\nResearch has revealed not only a reduction in the body surface area and severity of eczema patches but also a significant reduction in scratching, which can be extremely debilitating for people with atopic dermatitis. In addition, in two 16-week phase three trials, the medication was found to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression and improve quality of life.\nAre There Any Adverse Effects to Note?\nThe injectable may cause skin irritation at the site of injection. Although rare, it can also cause a serious allergic reaction, as well as eye problems like dry eye, eye scratching, pink eye (called conjunctivitis), eyelid inflammation (called blepharitis), or inflammation of the cornea (called keratitis). Sores on or around the lips and throughout the mouth (called oral herpes) have also been reported.\nIt's important to contact your doctor right away if you experience vision problems, eye pain, or severe eye irritation.\nIt's also important to stop administering the medication and seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction like hives, skin rash with or without a fever, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, scratching, or a general ill feeling. Of course, what is mentioned above are not all the potential side effects a person may experience, so be sure to contact your doctor with any problems or worries.\nFinally, some people develop antibodies to the drug, which occurs when the body produces a protein to neutralize or inhibit its biological effect. This may be suspected if a person stops responding to the medication, and can be confirmed with a blood test.\nWhat Should I Tell My Doctor?\nTalk to your doctor about all of your health conditions, especially if you have eye problems, a parasitic infection, or asthma. Also, be sure to tell your doctor whether you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or scheduled to receive any vaccinations. Due to the effects on a person's immune system, it is advised that no one taking this medication receive any live vaccinations (e.g., the nasal spray flu vaccine or zoster vaccine).\nIt's also important to share with your doctor all your medications, including any over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, or supplements.\nThe big picture here is to be prepared when visiting your allergist. By being thorough and sharing all your medical history with your doctor, she can determine if this is the right treatment for you.\nA Word From Verywell\nSevere atopic dermatitis can cause extensive eczema patches on the body, which can be both physically and mentally draining. Dupixent (dupilumab) provides an option for those adults who have moderate to severe disease but have not received the relief they deserve with conventional therapies like steroid creams and ointments. In addition, it appears to be safe, although the increased risk for eye problems needs to be teased out more.\nOn a final note, this medication is not for everyone, and at this time, it's really reserved for those who have no other options. Stay on board as research continues to evolve on injectable biologics for eczema.\nWas this page helpful?\nThanks for your feedback!\nSign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you reach your 2019 goals.\nEmail Address\nSign Up\nThere was an error. Please try again.\nThank you, , for signing up.\nWhat are your concerns?\nOther\nInaccurate\nHard to Understand\nSubmit\nArticle Sources\nAmerican Academy of Dermatology. Atopic Dermatitis: Who Gets And Causes. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/atopic-dermatitis.\nBeck LA et al. Dupilumab treatment in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 10;371(2):130-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1314768\nSimpson EL et al. Two phase 3 trials of Dupilumab versus placebo in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 15;375(24):2335-2348. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1610020\nSpergel JM. (February 2015). Management of severe refractory atopic dermatitis (eczema). In: UpToDate, Dellavalle RP (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.\nU.S. Food and Drug Administration. (March 2017). Full Prescribing Contents: Dupixent. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/761055lbl.pdf\nContinue Reading\nArticle\nWhat Are the Symptoms and Treatments for Eczema?\nArticle\n3 Natural Remedies for Eczema\nArticle\nUsing Desonide Cream for Eczema\nArticle\nScratching With Eczema an Lead to Lichen Simplex Chronicus\nArticle\nHow to Control Your Eczema When You Have It on the Face\nArticle\nRosacea, Psoriasis, or Eczema: Which Matches Your Symptoms?\nArticle\nHow Age Affects the Location of Eczema Rashes\nArticle\nCan Probiotics Help With Eczema?\nArticle\nMedications for Atopic Dermatitis\nArticle\nWhat Does Eczema Look Like in Different Stages?\nArticle\nHow to Treat and Prevent Eczema\nList\nThe Best Body Washes for Eczema\nArticle\nDoes Sun Exposure Help Eczema?\nArticle\nHow Atopic Dermatitis Can Be Treated\nArticle\nHow to Identify Eczema in Children\nArticle\nWhat You Should Know About Nummular Eczema\nVerywell Health\nDaily Health Tips to Your Inbox\nEmail Address\nSign Up\nThere was an error. Please try again.\nThank you, , for signing up.\nFollow Us\nFacebook\nPinterest\nInstagram\nFlipboard\nHealth A-Z\nPrevention & Treatment\nHealth Care\nEditorial Policy\nAbout Us\nPrivacy Policy\nAdvertise\nCookie Policy\nCareers\nTerms of Use\nContact\nVisit our other Verywell sites:\nVerywell Fit Verywell Mind Verywell Family\nⒸ 2019 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved\nThis site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here.\nVerywell is part of the Dotdash publishing family:\nThe Balance\nLifewire\nTrip Savvy\nThe Spruce\nand more

2019-04-22T22:38:02Z

"https://www.verywellhealth.com/dupilumab-an-injectable-medication-for-eczema-4138305"

www.verywellhealth.com

Common First Aid Mistakes - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center\nSkip to main content\nCLINICAL SERVICES\nServices Listing\nPatient Care Locations\nCost Estimator\nFind a Doctor\nInformation for Referring Physicians\nMYCHART LOGIN\nEDUCATION\nSchool of Medicine & Dentistry\nSchool of Nursing\nGraduate Education\nResidency & Fellowships\nDental Education\nFaculty By Department\nLibrary Services\nRESEARCH\nOur Researchers\nClinical and Translational Sciences Institute\nURMC Research Network\nLabs Listing\nUR Ventures\nClinical Trials & Studies\nResearch @ URMC Blog\nABOUT URMC\nMaps & Directions\nGiving to URMC\nDepartments & Centers List\nContact Information\nNewsroom\nEvent Calendar\nURMC Home\nExplore URMC\nmenu\nPatients & Families\nOur Hospitals\nClinical Departments & Centers\nHealth Matters Blog\nServices Listing\nOnline Bill Pay\nHealth Encyclopedia\nFind a Physician\nFor Referring Physicians\nMore information on Patients & Families\nEducation\nMedical Education\nResidency & Fellowship\nGraduate Education\nPostdoctoral Affairs\nDental Education\nNursing Education\nLibraries\nStudents\nAlumni\nMore information on Education\nResearch\nResearch Labs\nUR Health Research\nEducation & Training\nShared Resource Labs and Facilities\nTechnology Transfer\nMore information on Research\nCommunity\nCenter for Community Health & Prevention\nGovernment & Community Relations\nHealth Research\nEmployee Wellness Programs\nMental Health Community Resources\nPediatric Community Resources\nCommunity Dentistry\nMore information on Community\nAbout URMC\nDirections\nDepartments & Centers\nMore information on URMC\nReferring Physicians\nHealth Encyclopedia\nTests & Procedures\nInteractive Tools\nHealthy Living\nYour Family\nDrug Reference\nHerbs, Vitamins & Supplements\nPrevention Planner\nURMC / Encyclopedia / Content\nCommon First Aid Mistakes\nWhen you're scrambling to make a burn feel better or stop a bleeding wound, it helps to know what to do. We've all heard some common first aid folklore. But rather than helping, those first aid myths can actually make things worse. Here are a few common first aid mistakes and advice on what you should do instead.\nMistake: Putting butter on a burn.\nYou've probably heard the tip to put butter on a burn. But this is bad advice. Any greasy substance on a burn keeps heat in. This could make it hard for a burn to heal or be properly treated.\nWhat to do: Run cold water over the burn to ease the pain. Then gently dry the area and keep it loosely covered. If it starts to blister, changes color, or seems infected, get medical treatment.\nMistake: Using ipecac syrup to cause vomiting.\nWhen someone swallows a poisonous chemical, you might think that vomiting it up right away would help. In the past, a medicine called ipecac syrup was used to cause vomiting. But ipecac syrup has been discontinued and should not be used. In some cases of poisoning, experts say it's best not to induce vomiting. It can even cause more damage. Some substances actually can be worse for you when they are vomited up again.\nWhat to do: Immediately call your healthcare provider or the national Poison Control Center (800-222-1222) for advice about handling the situation. Ipecac syrup is no longer sold. Don't keep old bottles of ipecac syrup in your home. They can be accidentally used in an emergency by someone who doesn't know better.\nMistake: Putting heat on a sprain or fracture.\nHeat can be soothing for aches and pains. But you shouldn't apply heat to a sprain or fracture. Heat will only increase the swelling.\nWhat to do: Apply ice or an ice pack for about 20 minutes. To make an ice pack, put ice cubes in a plastic bag that seals at the top. Wrap the bag in a clean, thin towel or cloth to protect your skin. Never put ice or an ice pack directly on the skin. Use the RICE treatment of Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation for the first 24 hours.\nMistake: Putting hot water on frozen skin.\nYou might be tempted to run hot water over a frozen patch of skin or an arm or leg (limb) to warm it up. But this increases the risk of damaging the skin if the water is too hot.\nWhat to do: Slowly thaw the skin or limb with a warm — not hot — water bath.\nMistake: Using rubbing alcohol to bring down a fever.\nWiping rubbing alcohol on your skin makes your skin feel cooler. But this cooling doesn't help that much when you have a fever. In addition, alcohol can be soaked up through the skin. For small children and infants in particular, this increases the risk of alcohol poisoning.\nWhat to do: Try a medicine that reduces fever and contains ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Call your healthcare provider if you don't know what to do or if the fever doesn't go away.\nMistake: Using a tourniquet for a snakebite.\nAfter a snakebite, it may seem like a good idea to tie off blood flow to prevent poisons from spreading. But that might just cause more harm. In some cases, the poison is then concentrated in one area where it can be damaging. In other cases, damage happens with the sudden release of snake venom into the blood once the tourniquet is taken off.\nWhat to do: The most important step is to calm the person who was bitten. Help him or her to keep the bitten body part completely still. This slows the flow of venom in the body. Since swelling can become severe, remove jewelry and tight clothing from areas near the bite. A medicine called antivenom (antivenin) is the most effective treatment for most poisonous snakebites. But this is a complicated situation that needs expert treatment. Get emergency medical aid as quickly as possible.\nMistake: Using a tourniquet to stop a bleeding wound.\nFor a deep wound in an arm or leg, you may think about tying a tourniquet around the thigh or upper arm to stop the bleeding. But that could stop the flow of blood to the entire limb. This could cause serious damage.\nWhat to do: Apply direct downward pressure on the wound (use a thick layer of sterile gauze under your hands if it's available). Then wrap the wound securely when the bleeding stops. If it continues to bleed or seems to need stitches, seek medical care.\nMistake: Rubbing your eye to remove a foreign object.\nWhen you have a speck of dirt or some other small object in your eye, the feeling can be extremely annoying. You may want to rub your eye to remove the object. But don't rub your eye. Rubbing your eye when there is a foreign object in it can cause more damage to your eye.\nWhat to do: Tears alone likely won't be enough to wash out the object. Instead, rinse your eye with clean tap water. Get medical care if the feeling continues.\nMistake: Leaving an adhesive bandage on a cut.\nPutting antibacterial ointment on a cut and then leaving on a bandage for a few days doesn't speed healing. Doing this increases unwanted moisture over the cut.\nWhat to do: Clean the cut and apply ointment. But then let it heal in the fresh air. If you need a bandage to keep the cut clean, change it about twice a day. Also, keep the entire area clean and dry by using gentle soap and water when changing the bandage.\nMistake: Putting coffee grounds on a cut to stop bleeding.\nPutting coffee grounds in a wound to stop bleeding can infect a wound. It also makes it very hard for healthcare providers to clean out your wound if stitches need to be placed. Bleeding that can't be stopped at home likely needs medical care anyway.\nWhat to do: Apply direct downward pressure on the wound (use a thick layer of sterile gauze under your hands if it's available). Then wrap the wound securely when the bleeding stops. If it continues to bleed or seems to need stitches, seek medical care.\nMedical Reviewers:\nFraser, Marianne, MSN, RN\nPerez, Eric, MD\nAsk a Medical Librarian Make an Appointment\nPhysicians & Services\nOur Emergency Care Physicians\nOur Emergency Care Pediatricians\nChildren's Emergency Department at Golisano Children's Hospital\nURMC Emergency Medicine\nEmergency Department at Highland Hospital\nInteractive Tools\nFirst Aid/Emergency Quiz\nRelated News\nThe Best Kind of Camping Trip is a Safe One\nDanger Looms Around July 4 Holiday\nStudents Take Part in MASH Camp to Learn about Healthcare Careers\nChildren Act Fast … So Do Poisons!\nURMC Information\nAbout URMC\nOur Hospitals\nDepartments & Centers\nDirections & Parking\nNewsroom\nJob Opportunities\nContact Information\nTools\nEvent Calendar\nFind a Physician\nHealth Encyclopedia\nFaculty Lists\nMyChart Patient Portal\nOnline Bill Pay\nGeneral Information\nUR Medicine\nUniversity of Rochester\nWeb Accessibility\nFaculty & Staff Directory\nEmergency Information\n©2019 University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY\nIntranet\nEmail\nHRMS\nRemote Access (VPN)\nPrivacy Topics\nViewing: K2

2019-04-23T04:19:30Z

"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=1&contentid=4543"

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Health Article On Osteoarthritis, Pain Relief & Symptoms | Psyhealth\nToggle Navigation\nHome\nCholesterol Foods\nHealthy Meals\nNatural Health\nWellness\nHealth Article On Osteoarthritis, Pain Relief & Symptoms\nPublished by Mason Riddoch on November 5, 2018 November 5, 2018\nI have heard that it is extremely painful and disabling. Hope the meds help World Health in your signs. Prayers to you.\nOsteoarthritis is a protracted-time period condition and cannot be cured, however it doesn’t necessarily get any worse over time and it may possibly typically progressively improve. A variety of treatments are additionally out there to scale back the signs. Ensure you may have correct footwear whenever you stroll or do different low-affect activities. Whenever potential, select asphalt or natural ground over concrete. Professor Anthony Woolf, an knowledgeable in arthritis on the Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust, Truro, said earlier evidence on the benefits of acupuncture had failed to attract any agency conclusions.\nTalk to a dietitian about healthy methods to shed weight. Most folks mix modifications in their diets with elevated exercise. A Nutritarian weight loss plan will assist provide a lot of the required nutrients, nonetheless, many will require supplementation with a number of basic additional nutrients together with vitamin D, which is required for optimal calcium absorption and robust bones and joints. An train program resulted considerably elevated hip abduction strength, functional efficiency as well as a reduction in knee pain to reach the extent equal to the non-arthritis group. The authors concluded that TheraBand train bands may very well be used successfully to cut back ache and enhance energy and function in knee osteoarthritis sufferers (Sled et al. 2010).\nAcetaminophen (for instance Tylenol) is normally the first selection for pain reduction for osteoarthritis. It gives the fewest side effects and can be utilized as wanted. Too a lot can harm the liver, subsequently you shouldn’t go over the prescribed dose. There are about 100 different types of arthritis. In common, arthritis means issues with the joints. A joint is a spot within the body where 2 bones meet. Arthritis can also affect different body tissue close to the joints including muscle tissues, tendons, and ligaments. And, in some types of arthritis, the whole body is concerned. WITTOEK, RUTH. Beyond the Scope of Erosive Osteoarthritis of the Interphalangeal Finger Joints: New Insights from Epidemiological, Clinical and Imaging Based Studies.” 2010 : n. pag. Print.\nMy neighbor has reumatoid arthritis and I know it isn’t the identical, but her arms are a bit stiff and painful besides on the finger where she was stung by a bee. People with arthritis should be cautious to keep away from activities that worsen joint ache. You ought to keep away from any train that strains a considerably unstable joint. That stated Health Connections, do include a range of actions in your exercise program, simply as another exerciser would. Weight coaching , high-intensity cardio, stretching, and core work can all be built-in into your routine in accordance with your means.\nCategories:\tOsteoarthritis\nLeave a Reply Cancel reply\nYou must be logged in to post a comment.\nSearch for:\nRecent Posts\nHome Remedies For Irritable Bowel Syndrome\nWells Fargo Online Bank Statement\nCounselor Education—Clinical Mental Health Counseling\nWomen Who Take Tylenol Risk High Blood Pressure\nThe New York School For Medical And Dental Assistants\nCategories\nAcupuncture\nAllergies & Sensitivities\nAlternative Medicine\nAnxiety Disorders\nBreakfast Recipes\nCholesterol Foods\nDeafness\nDental Care\nDenver Health\nDiabetes\nGeneral Article\nHeadaches & Migraines\nHealth Center\nHealth Food Stores\nHealth Plus\nHealthy Meals\nHigh Blood Pressure\nIrritable Bowel Syndrome\nMain Line Health\nManic Depression & Bipolar Disorders\nMedical Clinic\nMedical College\nMedical School\nMental Health\nMuscle And Fitness\nNatural Health\nNovant Health\nNutrition\nOrganic Food\nOsteoarthritis\nPhobias\nPhysical Therapy\nPublic Health\nStrokes\nWalking Exercise\nWellness\nWomens Health\nArchives\nApril 2019\nMarch 2019\nFebruary 2019\nJanuary 2019\nDecember 2018\nNovember 2018\nOctober 2018\nSeptember 2018\nAugust 2018\nJuly 2018\nJune 2018\nMay 2018\nApril 2018\nMarch 2018\nFebruary 2018\nJanuary 2018\nDecember 2017\nNovember 2017\nOctober 2017\nSeptember 2017\nAugust 2017\nJuly 2017\nJune 2017\nMay 2017\nApril 2017\nMarch 2017\nFebruary 2017\nJanuary 2017\nDecember 2016\nNovember 2016\nTags\nabout acupuncture allnatural better cancer center cholesterol county detox division drinks eight fitness foods grumpy health healthcare healthy heart hours house ideal insurance meals medical medicine mental nursing nutrition physical plans program really recipes regime school sleep sports start treatment water weight wellness workout workouts\nRelated Posts\nIrritable Bowel Syndrome\nCanine Inflammatory Bowel Disease IBD\nIrritable Bowel Syndrome is an issue that most of the people hesitate to debate.Though this may be handled naturally at house, most individuals neglect it till the signs change into insufferable. Occasionally, homeowners see the Read more…\nIrritable Bowel Syndrome\nThe Place Of Eluxadoline In The Management Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea\nAnd while experts don’t know the precise explanation for the condition Family Medicine, many research have proven widespread triggers that set off symptoms. In Germany, there’s a government authority, the German Kommission E, which regulates Read more…\nIrritable Bowel Syndrome\nEluxadoline In The Treatment Of Diarrhea\nSome promotions may be mixed; others are not eligible to be mixed with different Psychological Health gives. For particulars, please see the Terms & Conditions related to these promotions. IBS won’t sound severe nevertheless it Read more…\nAbout Author\nHello! I am Mason Riddoch, 37 years old. Health expert and sometimes write an information and tips about health especially psychal health in this blog.\nRecent Posts\nHome Remedies For Irritable Bowel Syndrome\nWells Fargo Online Bank Statement\nCounselor Education—Clinical Mental Health Counseling\nWomen Who Take Tylenol Risk High Blood Pressure\nPartner Links\nAdvertise Here\nContact Me\nDisclosure Policy\nSitemap\nHestia | Developed by ThemeIsle\nWe use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.OkNoPrivacy policy\nRevoke cookies

2019-04-21T02:50:26Z

"https://www.psyhut.com/health-article-on-osteoarthritis-pain-relief-symptoms.html"

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Trial raises doubts over alternative pain therapy for arthritis - ScienceBlog.com\nOur Bloggers\nTopics\nContribute/Contact\nLove Us on Facebook\nOr Twitter!\nRSS Subscribe\nSearch\nOur Bloggers\nTopics\nContribute/Contact\nLove Us on Facebook\nOr Twitter!\nRSS Subscribe\nScienceBlog.com\nOur Bloggers\nTopics\nContribute/Contact\nLove Us on Facebook\nOr Twitter!\nRSS Subscribe\nHome Health Trial raises doubts over alternative pain therapy for arthritis\nTrial raises doubts over alternative pain therapy for arthritis\nOctober 16, 2009\nCopper bracelets and magnetic wrist straps are ineffective in relieving arthritis pain, according to a new study led by a University of York academic.\nResearchers conducted the first randomised placebo-controlled trial on the use of both copper bracelets and magnetic wrist straps for pain management in osteoarthritis — the most common form of the condition.\nThe devices are used worldwide for helping to manage pain associated with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. The results of this trial conflict with those from previous studies, by showing that both magnetic and copper bracelets were ineffective for managing pain, stiffness and physical function in osteoarthritis. The research is published in the latest issue of the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine.\nThe trial was led by Stewart Richmond, a Research Fellow in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of York, who said: “This is the first randomised controlled trial to indicate that copper bracelets are ineffective for relieving arthritis pain.”\n“It appears that any perceived benefit obtained from wearing a magnetic or copper bracelet can be attributed to psychological placebo effects. People tend to buy them when they are in a lot of pain, then when the pain eases off over time they attribute this to the device. However, our findings suggest that such devices have no real advantage over placebo wrist straps that are not magnetic and do not contain copper.\n“Although their use is generally harmless, people with osteoarthritis should be especially cautious about spending large sums of money on magnet therapy. Magnets removed from disused speakers are much cheaper, but you would first have to believe that they could work.”\nThe trial involved 45 people aged 50 or over, who were all diagnosed as suffering from osteoarthritis. Each participant wore four devices in a random order over a 16-week period — two wrist straps with differing levels of magnetism, a demagnetised wrist strap and a copper bracelet.\nThe study revealed no meaningful difference between the devices in terms of their effects on pain, stiffness and physical function.\nMagnet therapy is a rapidly growing industry, with annual worldwide sales of therapeutic devices incorporating permanent magnets worth up to $4 billion US.\nThe trial also involved researchers from the universities of Hull, Durham, and the NHS.\nPrevious articleTraDIS technique tackles typhoid\nNext articleA case of post-gastrectomy acute pancreatitis\nScienceBlog.com\nLEAVE A REPLY Cancel reply\nPlease enter your comment!\nPlease enter your name here\nYou have entered an incorrect email address!\nPlease enter your email address here\nSave my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.\nNotify me of follow-up comments by email.\nNotify me of new posts by email.\nThis site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 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2019-04-18T21:03:32Z

"https://scienceblog.com/26304/trial-raises-doubts-over-alternative-pain-therapy-for-arthritis/"

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Home Remedies for Chest Congestion\nHome Remedies for Chest Congestion\nNicks J Nov 18, 2018\nTap to Read ➤\nA chest congestion home remedy can be as simple as inhaling steam. A hot shower bath is also an effective chest congestion treatment.\nPeople suffering from dry cough, common cold or flu generally suffer from chest congestion. In such a condition, the patient's ability to breathe properly decreases considerably. Excess mucus in the lungs is one of the main reasons behind chest congestion. Lungs that are loaded with mucus is the perfect environment for the bacteria to grow extensively.\nThis in turn causes further irritation and infection. Difficulty in breathing is something the patient finds hard to cope up with.\nChest Congestion Home Remedies\nIn order to make breathing easier, it becomes essential to liquefy the solid mucus so that it drains quickly. This can be easily accomplished with some of the 'easy to implement' home remedies.\nSteam\nBy inhaling steam of water for approximately 10 minutes, one can definitely experience the difference immediately. Due to steam inhalation, the accumulated mucus in the respiratory tract loosens up, which helps to release chest congestion.\nEucalyptus Oil\nThis essential oil can work wonders to get rid of chest congestion, especially that is caused due to bronchitis. A eucalyptus steam inhalation can be quite beneficial to clear up the chest congestion. Add 3-4 drops of eucalyptus oil into 6-7 cups of boiled water. Now, breathing the steam will give you considerable relief from chest congestion.\nOnion Juice\nHome remedy to soothe congested chest involves intake of onion juice. Simply taking a teaspoon of juice twice or thrice everyday can work to reduce the tightness in chest. For better results, add honey to onion juice and let it remain for 5 hours. After the stipulated time is over, take a teaspoon of this mixture ( honey and onion juice ) , twice daily.\nBlack Pepper Seeds\nTalk about reducing chest congestion through home remedies and one simply cannot forget about black pepper seeds that one can easily find in household kitchens.\nChewing 2-3 black pepper seeds everyday is one of the simplest way to ease chest congestion. Make your daily glass of milk a chest congestion remedy by putting few black pepper seeds into it.\nKeep Away from Cold Place\nIf you are serious about clearing chest congestion at the earliest, then staying in a warm environment is a must. Cold environment can actually worsen the symptoms of chest congestion, thereby making it more difficult for the patient to breathe properly. So, make sure you do not relax in rooms installed with AC.\nIn case of cold weather, one needs to install a humidifier, devices that add moisture to air. Breathing moist air helps to liquefy the mucus, which in turn contributes in alleviating chest congestion.\nHot Bath\nTaking a hot bath is the easiest way to open chest congestion. Inhaling steam that is produced during a hot bath loosens up the mucus. This can help to expel the mucus and ease chest congestion.\nGinger\nWith ginger tea, a nasty chest congestion can be substantially brought under control. Its effectiveness as a chest congestion cure is remarkable. To make ginger tea, first add 1-2 pieces of ginger in the boiling water, and then later add tea leaves. If you find preparing ginger tea cumbersome, then one can go for ginger juice.\nJust one teaspoon of ginger juice two times daily is helpful to get relief from chest congestion. The juice can be easily made by grating some ginger. Many recommend to put some honey into the juice for faster relief.\nHot Tea\nHaving hot beverages like a cup of hot tea is one of the simplest chest congestion home remedies that can loosen and break down the mucus.\nAs the patient starts drinking the hot tea, the heat generated in the respiratory tract helps in thinning the mucus, which is necessary to get chest congestion relief. Drinking hot tea is indeed a popular chest congestion home remedy.\nGreen Tea\nBy drinking green tea (3-4 cups) during the day, for a minimum of 2 days, one will be able to suppress chest congestion considerably. Use of green tea is one of the most effective chest congestion remedies that can bring about the desired change.\nSpicy foods\nThe hot and spicy ingredients of these foods can help to loosen up the mucus, thereby helping to release chest congestion. Eat more spicy food that has ingredients like chili, pepper and jalapeno.\nEnzyme Rich Foods\nThe trapped mucus in the respiratory system can be eliminated with the intake of enzyme rich foods such as kiwi and pineapple. These foods and even beverages like pineapple juice allow the mucus to become thin, which in turns helps to remove the blockage.\nTurmeric\nTo improve breathing, use turmeric powder. Take a glass of warm water and add a teaspoon of turmeric powder into it. The mixture thus prepared is extremely useful for the treatment of chest congestion. Consuming this mixture 3 times daily helps to lessen congestion in the chest. A chest massage using turmeric powder can give relief from chest congestion.\nIncrease Fluid Intake\nPatients suffering from chest congestion are often advised to increase consumption of water (8-10 glasses) and other fluids. This practice is recommended because it plays a crucial role in liquefying the mucus. Many suggest to have a glass of hot water that contains lemon and honey. One has to gargle and then drink the water to relieve this condition.\nThyme\nA natural way to lessen chest congestion is to use thyme. This herb has the capacity to remove the junk that is filled up in the lungs. It accelerates the movement of mucus and eventually removes it out of the lungs.\nTo make thyme tea, take a cup of boiling water and then include 2 tablespoons of dried herb (thyme powder). Let the mixture boil for about 10 minutes and then filter it. Have this tea for at least 3 times a day. Continue drinking thyme until the chest congestion is completely eliminated.\nHome remedies provide a safe way to drain the mucus from the lungs. Moreover, they are budget-friendly and also provide a great deal of relief. So, one can always rely on them when it comes to treating chest congestion.\nWrite for us\nClose\nHolisticZine\nHome Home\nBecome a Contributor Become a Contributor

2019-04-21T23:17:19Z

"https://holisticzine.com/chest-congestion-home-remedy"

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First aid products online nz, best survival games server 1.7.4 512x512, how does elevation treat edema, sas survival of the fittest quote, off grid living hot water 50ta\nEd medication does not work together\nHome\nHow does elevation treat edema,survival tips power outage xcel,free download books on communication skills - For Begninners\nNatalie MacLean is editor of Canada's largest wine review web site, publishing hundreds of wine reviews every week for more than 160,000 members. Natalie has published two books with Random House, the second was named one of Amazon's Best Books of the Year. Natalie MacLean is a new force in the wine writing world—a fiesty North American answer to Hugh Johnson and Jancis Robinson. Very few people in the wine world who \"get it\" - Natalie is one of those who brings more fun to a buttoned-up and stodgy game.\nWhen performing physical exercise routinely, despite trying to always follow safety guidelines and do not overdo it beyond what our body is capable of, there is always the risk of injury. First, I would emphasize that if we train with head, letting our ego out of the gym, we will handle the weights we can really lift, which always enable us to make a technical as perfect as possible within our means and thus the risk lesion will be very low.\nExplained, it is very important to distinguish well between what would be a little resentment and an injury to a muscle. Usually the pain of an injury can be distinguished well considering that the resentment is usually a diffuse, widespread pain while an actual injury is usually specific and localized. The best advice we can give is that if you detect that you have an injury, you should go immediately to a qualified specialist who can give you a diagnosis and appropriate treatment for the injury you have. PRICE is an acronym of the words protect, rest, ice, compression and elevation, which means protection, rest, local cold, compression and elevation.\nOne thing to remember about gout is that it tends to happen in people who have other health problems. A good way to start is by using the RICE method – Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation.\nAfter the water is all mopped up you have to move on to the sink to lower the levels of uric acid.\nRelieve Pain, Swelling and Inflammation from Plantar Fasciitis, Sesamoiditis, Heel Tendonitis, Foot Tendonitis, Heel Spur, Arch Pain, Claw Toe, Calcaneus (Heel) Bursitis, Turf Toe, Post Foot Surgery Rehabilitation and Recovery, and Other Chronic Foot Pain Safely, Naturally and Effectively!\nWhen using any kind of ice wrap it's important to have a safe frosty cooling sensation for the duration of your treatment. When the perfect amount of cold is applied to inflamed tissue, the cold clamps down on any fluid leaking into the damaged tissue in your foot - fluid that creates that swollen feeling. The perfect amount of cold will also calm down the nerve-endings (or pain receptors) in your injured tissue. Effective, long-lasting cold can draw the pain, swelling and heat sensation out of your foot.\nApplying the right amount of cold for 10 to 15 minutes is enough to reduce your pain and swelling for more than 1 hour AND maintain a lowered deep tissue body temperature for 1 to 2 hours! For years, doctors, trainers, and other medical professionals have recommended RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) to treat the pain and swelling of fresh injuries and chronic pain. Although RICE can help to treat these symptoms, ice and freezer gel packs reach temperatures so low they can cause cryoburn, an ice burn on your skin. Fortunately, you no longer have to settle for these ice cold methods that are uncomfortably cold against your skin, provide short term relief, cause ice burns, and numb your skin and underlying tissue beyond feeling so you don’t even notice the ice burn until it's too late.\nThe new recommended cold therapy treatment is RCCE® - Rest, Cold, Compression, Elevation.\nYou don't need icy cold temperatures to treat your pain and swelling - in fact you shouldn't use icy cold. You know a poorly made gel pack by the way the gel will pool around your injury when pressure is applied.\nA lot of places will make pretty wraps with just a little bit of gel because it's cheaper to make and ship to you. Temperatures that are too cold, especially for people suffering from reduced or poor circulation, can numb your knee too fast so you are unable to tell if your skin is being damaged!\nWhen the treatment began, I could not walk without great pain and even when I sat still the pain continued. At MendMeShop we offer only the premium quality healthcare products that work, because we want you to feel better. You will also have the peace of mind with our 60 day trial period and automatic 1 year warranty. Superior products that have been carefully researched and developed to stop your pain naturally and heal you faster. Trained MendMeShop Product and Treatment Specialists available 7 days a week for individualized treatment advice - just call 1-866-237-9608 within Continental North America (+1-705-445-3505 internationally).\nPayment plan (3 easy payments) with no credit approval necessary to get you your Freezie Wrap® faster. Relieve Pain, Swelling and Inflammation from Tennis Elbow, Golfer's Elbow, Elbow Tendonitis, Elbow Bursitis (Olecranon Bursitis), Tricep Tendonitis, Tricep Muscle Pain, Arthritis, Post Elbow Surgery Rehabilitation and Recovery, and Other Elbow Injuries Safely, Naturally and Effectively! An Elbow Freezie Wrap® can be used anytime to reduce pain, swelling and inflammation in your elbow. When the perfect amount of cold is applied to inflamed tissue, the cold clamps down on any fluid leaking into your elbow - fluid that creates that swollen feeling. Effective, long-lasting cold can draw the pain, swelling and heat sensation out of your elbow.\nOur Elbow Freezie Wraps® have a special non-migrating gel that is soft to the touch and doesn't flow under pressure. Our Elbow Freezie Wraps® are designed for fridge or freezer use - providing you with the option to tailor your amount of cold! Temperatures that are too cold, especially for people suffering from reduced or poor circulation, can numb your elbow too fast so you are unable to tell if your skin is being damaged! Once you put our Elbow Freezie Wrap on, you won't want to take it off - and you don't have to.\nWell after about 9 days of (2) treatments per day my severe case of Lateral Epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is almost pain free.\nMy elbow pain was so bad I couldn't sleep at night and just knew I was going to have to see a doctor. At AidMyMeniscus we offer only the premium quality healthcare products that work, because we want you to feel better.\nTrained AidMyMeniscus Product and Treatment Specialists available 7 days a week for individualized treatment advice - just call 1-866-237-9608 within Continental North America (+1-705-445-3505 internationally). A Wrist Freezie Wrap® can be used anytime to reduce pain, swelling and inflammation in your wrist and hand. When the perfect amount of cold is applied to inflamed tissue, the cold clamps down on any fluid leaking into your wrist - fluid that creates that swollen feeling.\nEffective, long-lasting cold can draw the pain, swelling and heat sensation out of your wrist. Our Wrist Freezie Wraps® have a special non-migrating gel that is soft to the touch and doesn't flow under pressure. Our Wrist Freezie Wraps® are designed for fridge or freezer use - providing you with the option to tailor your amount of cold!\nTemperatures that are too cold, especially for people suffering from reduced or poor circulation, can numb your wrist too fast so you are unable to tell if your skin is being damaged! Once you put our Wrist Freezie Wrap on, you won't want to take it off - and you don't have to.\nHigh blood pressure in pregnancy (gestational hypertension) What is gestational hypertension? Hashmi Dawakhana came into existance in 1929, foundations laid by Late Hakeem Mehtab-uddin Hashmi, having a clear vision towards bringing quality Natural Medicine for society at large.\nAfter correctly identify muscle injury, will need to know what measures are most appropriate to ensure proper treatment. When we feel pain in one area, such as on one side of the body or only in a muscle or joint, it is quite possible that we are actually injured.\nStill, initially you should observe what is called the principle PRICE to treat an injury in its early stages. These techniques are very effective in treating acute injury until we can consult a specialist. For example, gout is more common in people who have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes and in those who are overweight or obese. They both work the same way except that you get rid of allopurinol through the kidneys and febuxostat through the liver. Enhance your body's natural healing process by stopping inflammation in its' tracks, numbing your pain with a soothing cold sensation and encouraging your body to heal completely.\nSome gels freeze solid and cause ice burn if left on the skin for too long (those are the ones that sting your skin, are uncomfortable to wear for more than 5 minutes, and maybe even give you a burning or aching feeling). Too much fluid leakage into your tissue is what's causing your pain, tenderness, swelling, redness and that heat sensation. The problem is, up until now there hasn’t been another option to treat painful conditions and injuries, so ice and freezer gel packs have been the only choice. You only need a few degrees colder than your normal body temperature to get effective cooling relief. When you're treating with cold, you need compression to keep the cold around and under your foot where it's needed most!\nGood quality, heavy duty, medical grade gel is heavy, MUCH more expensive to make and it isn't cheap to ship either.\nTwo more of the gel packs come so you can swap them in and out of the freezer quickly to keep your therapy going as long or as often as you want! As we have mentioned already, using icy cold temperatures can be too cold for your skin and prevent your treatment from being effective. Within a few days the great pain was gone, and within a month I felt pain only after a lot of walking or ballroom dancing. Our business is built on our reputation and we want you to be as satisfied with your MendMeShop experience as tens of thousands of our customers are. We know making a decision to find the right pain relief and healing products for you can be difficult, especially on-line, and we don't want you to worry. If you are not satisfied with your Freezie Wrap® just send it back for a refund - with no re-stocking fees.\nThe difference between putting any other ice pack on your injury versus an Elbow Freezie Wrap® is obvious as soon as you put it on.\nWhen you're treating with cold, you need compression to keep the cold around your elbow where it's needed most! Our business is built on our reputation and we want you to be as satisfied with your AidMyMeniscus experience as tens of thousands of our customers are. The difference between putting any other ice pack on your injury versus a Wrist Freezie Wrap® is obvious as soon as you put it on. When you're treating with cold, you need compression to keep the cold around your wrist where it's needed most!\nI did a lot of research online and self diagnosed myself with intersection syndrome, a condition of the tendons that run from the back of the thumb, under the muscles in the back of the wrist, and up the back of the forearm.\nI do a lot of awkward and heavy lifting at work, and have not felt the slightest irritation. People with Pitta and Vata predominante constitution and Pitta and Vata imbalance, are more prone to hypertension than any other.\nMuscle pain also often tends to occur symmetrically, because the weights are raised are similar on both sides.\nIf injuries are not treated properly in the initial period, we run the danger of too prolonged, being very negative conesecuencias. If your gout attacks start becoming more frequent, or if you develop tophi, then your family doctor should refer you to a rheumatologist.\nAs gout is associated with heart disease and stroke it’s best to consider 30 minutes of moderate exercise every day.\nOther gels simply don't hold the cold at a temperature where you need it to treat your pain and swelling - they warm up in minutes!\nFreezie Wrap® gel is designed to stay in place with a maximum cooling sensation that lasts longer! The perfect amount of cold will control your fluid build-up and dramatically reduce your swelling and edema!\nWhen your foot is injured, these nerve-endings sometimes become damaged or squeezed by surrounding swollen tissue. Not only does ColdCure® Technology make your treatment safe, it is more effective because you can treat yourself for longer time periods. You will feel the incredible therapeutic cooling power and it won't sting or damage your skin. Poorly manufactured gel packs can't handle the pressure - the cold goes everywhere BUT where you need it! Before receiving your devices, I began using plantar fasciitis inserts in my shoes, but that alone did not cure the problem.\nWith every product, you have our guarantee that you will be 100% satisfied or you get your money back.\nYou can easily add Elbow Freezie Wrap® treatments to your everyday life and get the most out of your body's healing potential. When your elbow is injured, these nerve-endings sometimes become damaged or squeezed by surrounding swollen tissue. Tailored cooling with our Elbow Freezie Wrap® gel packs provide safe, effective cooling sensation that soothes your injury and reduces your pain and swelling. I was very impressed with the quality of your wraps, very thick and made form high quality materials.\nYou can easily add Wrist Freezie Wrap® treatments to your everyday life and get the most out of your body's healing potential. When your wrist is injured, these nerve-endings sometimes become damaged or squeezed by surrounding swollen tissue.\nTailored cooling with our Wrist Freezie Wrap® gel packs provide safe, effective cooling sensation that soothes your injury and reduces your pain and swelling.\nI found your website and after reading the positive results I decided to order your wraps although very skeptical.\nLuckily, there are effective treatments available to help you keep levels of uric acid in the healthy range. Make sure you do everything you can to keep your blood pressure and cholesterol at healthy levels. When the water in the sink overflows and down onto the floor then that is like an attack of gout. The thing to remember is when you start or stop one of these medicines it can cause an attack of gout.\nThe perfect amount of cold will release pressure on your nerve-endings by getting rid of your swelling.\nIs it heavy enough to prove that massive amounts of gel are in there - or is is lightweight enough to throw around?\nNow, I use the devices only when I feel slight pain after a couple of hours of walking or dancing. Not only do we supply superior products, MendMeShop Specialists are available to help you get the right products and treatment advice. Not only do we supply superior products, AidMyMeniscus Specialists are available to help you get the right products and treatment advice. Let's just say that our non-migrating gel is unique and works so well that we trademarked the term \"RigiGel®\" to describe it! Many people with inflammatory types of arthritis who see their rheumatologist regularly benefit from the highest level of care. And if you are a smoker, quitting can be one of the best things you can do for your overall health.\nYou'll soon see for yourself that our gel doesn't push away from your foot even when you stand on it. When blood vessels burst in the brain due to untreated high blood pressure this often results in strokes. This is commonly known as brain hemorrhage, a severe and often sudden stroke.What are the symptoms of high blood pressure?Hypertension is often called a \"silent killer\" because even severe, uncontrolled high blood pressure often has no obvious symptoms. However, even when absolute blood pressure levels are only moderately elevated, patients m y report headaches, dizzy spells, or nosebleeds. In general, however, these symptoms don't occur unless there has been a rapid, acute change in blood pressure, or until blood pressure has reached dangerous levels.What are the causes?The risk of high blood pressure increases with age as arterial walls lose their elasticity.\nSome prescription drugs, including steroids, birth control pills, decongestants, NSAIDS and diet pills can raise blood pressure. Some over-the-counter medicines, such as those containing licorice root, ephedra, guarana, kola nut, yerba mate, ginseng and yohimbe, may also raise blood pressure.High Blood Pressure Natural TreatmentHypertension treatment reduces heart attacks by 20-25%, heart failure by at least 50% and stroke by some 35-40%.\nThese are impressive figures which indicate the importance of getting high blood pressure under control.Here we give you an option– we offer you a solution to solve your blood pressure problems, with an all-natural, affordable approach.\nImagine how you would feel if you didn’t have to worry about it ever again or have to deal with all the negative side effects of perhaps taking drugs?HT-NIL is an all-natural formula that can help you take control. This remedy is also specifically targeted for those of us in our mature years, and is a natural herbal supplement that addresses the symptoms of age-related circulatory problems and hypertension.\nFirst aid kit austin 2014\nDoes viagra cure ed permanently killed\nDoomsday survival supplies list\nElectronics and communication engineering 3rd semester books\nAuthor: admin 24.11.2013 Category: Mens Erections\nComments to «How does elevation treat edema»\nT_O_T_U_S_H, 24.11.2013 11:50:20\nFrom the brain to penile organs older.\nLEDI, 24.11.2013 10:52:36\nYou the chance to strive it out your self any of the events twice.\nKPOBOCTOK, 24.11.2013 21:38:12\nFruitarian and lots of extra ??every promoted physician might weight loss program strategies.\nMenu\nMain\nSurvival classes mississippi\nErectile dysfunction treatment in melbourne\nEducation for death the making of the nazi subtitulado\nCo-ed school golden edge mexico\nEat to live sauce recipes chicken\n2013 ford edge sport engine specs\n2007 ford edge sel plus awd for sale ontario\nSitemap\nCategories\nEd 1000 Treatment\nEd Causes And Symptoms\nEd Treatment For Chest Pain\nEd Treatment Homeopathy\nEd Treatment Non Prescription\nEd Treatment Youtube\nErectile Dysfunction Treatment Natural\nErectile Dysfunction Treatment Yahoo\nJason Ed Treatment\nMens Erections\nArchives\nOctober 2015 (71)\nAugust 2015 (56)\nJuly 2015 (20)\nJune 2015 (50)\nMay 2015 (15)\nNew\nFirst aid for heat exhaustion usmle\nOhs first aid kit requirements qld\nErectile dysfunction injections trimix\nMinecraft survival servers games\nErectile dysfunction oil india wiki\nSite Map\nEd sheeran bloodstream lyrics and meaning Best books about the golf swing Help my girlfriend on her period Male enhancement pills permanent xtec What is healthy eating to lose weight xhit Easy diet plan to lose weight fast in urdu Healthy food to eat before a volleyball game quotes Uts assignment survival kit Food garden magazine pdf Ford ka moto gratka Free first aid courses in nottingham forest Eotech 512 2013 ford edge sel owners manual 650 Best books 2014 boston globe Messages the communication skills book online ontario Ford edge sel leather 2014 amsterdam Top rated survival books fiction\n© 2016 Causes of edentulous mouth online. 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Fever - Office Instructions - Port City Urgent Care and Family Practice\nPort City Urgent Care and Family Practice\nHome\nOur Providers\nDirections\nEducation\nInstructions\nOur Services\nForms\nFamily Practice and Urgent Care\nAppointments or walk-ins Monday - Friday 9AM-7PM Extended Care hours Monday and Friday 5-7PM, Saturday 9-2 Sunday 12-5\nFever\nFever\nYou've probably experienced waking in the middle of the night to find your child flushed, hot, and sweaty. Your little one's forehead feels warm. You immediately suspect a fever, but are unsure of what to do next. Should you get out the thermometer? Call the doctor?\nIn healthy kids, fevers usually don't indicate anything serious. Although it can be frightening when your child's temperature rises, fever itself causes no harm and can actually be a good thing — it's often the body's way of fighting infections. And not all fevers need to be treated. High fever, however, can make a child uncomfortable and worsen problems such as dehydration.\nHere's more about fevers, how to measure and treat them, and when to call your doctor.\nFever Facts\nFever occurs when the body's internal \"thermostat\" raises the body temperature above its normal level. This thermostat is found in the part of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus knows what temperature your body should be (usually around 98.6°F/37°C) and will send messages to your body to keep it that way.\nMost people's body temperatures even change a little bit during the course of the day: It's usually a little lower in the morning and a little higher in the evening and can fluctuate as kids run around, play, and exercise.\nSometimes, though, the hypothalamus will \"reset\" the body to a higher temperature in response to an infection, illness, or some other cause. Why? Researchers believe turning up the heat is the body's way of fighting the germs that cause infections and making the body a less comfortable place for them.\nCauses of Fever\nIt's important to remember that fever by itself is not an illness — it's usually a symptom of an underlying problem.\nFever has a few potential causes:\nInfection: Most fevers are caused by infection or other illness. A fever helps the body fight infections by stimulating natural defense mechanisms.\nOverdressing: Infants, especially newborns, may get fevers if they're overbundled or in a hot environment because they don't regulate their body temperature as well as older kids. However, because fevers in newborns can indicate a serious infection, even infants who are overdressed must be evaluated by a doctor if they have a fever.\nImmunizations: Babies and kids sometimes get a low-grade fever after getting vaccinated.\nAlthough teething may cause a slight rise in body temperature, it's probably not the cause if a child's temperature is higher than 100°F (37.8°C).\nWhen Fever Is a Sign of Something Serious\nIn the past, doctors advised treating a fever on the basis of temperature alone. But now they recommend considering both the temperature and a child's overall condition.\nKids whose temperatures are lower than 102°F (38.9°C) often don't require medication unless they're uncomfortable. There's one important exception to this rule: If you have an infant 3 months or younger with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, call your doctor or go to the emergency department immediately. Even a slight fever can be a sign of a potentially serious infection in very young infants.\nIf your child is between 3 months and 3 years old and has a fever of 102.2°F (39°C) or higher, call your doctor to see if he or she needs to see your child. For older kids, take behavior and activity level into account. Watching how your child behaves will give you a pretty good idea of whether a minor illness is the cause or if your child should be seen by a doctor.\nThe illness is probably not serious if your child:\nis still interested in playing\nis eating and drinking well\nis alert and smiling at you\nhas a normal skin color\nlooks well when his or her temperature comes down\nAnd don't worry too much about a child with a fever who doesn't want to eat. This is very common with infections that cause fever. For kids who still drink and urinate normally, not eating as much as usual is OK.\nIs it a Fever?\nA gentle kiss on the forehead or a hand placed lightly on the skin is often enough to give you a hint that your child has a fever. However, this method of taking a temperature (called tactile temperature) is dependent upon the person doing the feeling and doesn't give an accurate measure of temperature.\nUse a reliable thermometer to confirm a fever, which is when a child's temperature is at or above one of these levels:\nmeasured orally (in the mouth): 99.5°F (37.5°C)\nmeasured rectally (in the bottom): 100.4°F (38°C)\nmeasured in an axillary position (under the arm): 99°F (37.2°C)\nBut how high a fever is doesn't tell you much about how sick your child is. A simple cold or other viral infection can sometimes cause a rather high fever (in the 102°-104°F/38.9°-40°C range), but this doesn't usually indicate a serious problem. And serious infections might cause no fever or even an abnormally low body temperature, especially in infants.\nBecause fevers can rise and fall, a child might have chills as the body tries to generate additional heat as its temperature begins to rise. The child may sweat as the body releases extra heat when the temperature starts to drop.\nSometimes kids with a fever breathe faster than usual and may have a higher heart rate. You should call the doctor if your child is having difficulty breathing, is breathing faster than normal, or continues to breathe fast after the fever comes down.\nTypes of Thermometers\nWhatever thermometer you choose, be sure you know how to use it correctly to get an accurate reading. Keep and follow the manufacturer's recommendations for any thermometer.\nDigital thermometers usually provide the quickest, most accurate readings. They come in many sizes and shapes and are available at most supermarkets and pharmacies in a range of prices. You should read the manufacturer's instructions to determine what the thermometer is designed for and how it signals that the reading is complete.\nOverall, digital thermometers usually can be used for these temperature-taking methods:\noral (in the mouth)\nrectal (in the bottom)\naxillary (under the arm)\nTurn on the thermometer and make sure the screen is clear of any old readings. Digital thermometers usually have a plastic, flexible probe with a temperature sensor at the tip and an easy-to-read digital display on the opposite end. If your thermometer uses disposable plastic sleeves or covers, put one on according to the manufacturer's instructions. Remember to discard the sleeve after each use and to clean the thermometer according to the manufacturer's instructions before putting it back in its case.\nElectronic ear thermometers measure the tympanic temperature — the temperature inside the ear canal. Although they're quick and easy to use in older babies and kids, they aren't as accurate as digital thermometers for infants 3 months or younger and are more expensive.\nPlastic strip thermometers (small plastic strips that you press against the forehead) may be able to tell you whether your child has a fever, but aren't reliable for taking an exact measurement, especially in infants and very young children. If you need to know your child's exact temperature, plastic strip thermometers are notthe way to go.\nForehead thermometers also may be able to tell you if your child has a fever, but are not as accurate as oral or rectal digital thermometers.\nPacifier thermometers may seem convenient, but again, their readings are less reliable than rectal temperatures and shouldn't be used in infants younger than 3 months. They also require kids to keep the pacifier in their mouth for several minutes without moving, which is a nearly impossible task for most babies and toddlers.\nGlass mercury thermometers were once common, but health experts now say they should not be used because of possible exposure to mercury, an environmental toxin. (If you still have a mercury thermometer, do not simply throw it in the trash where the mercury can leak out. Talk to your doctor or your local health department about how and where to dispose of a mercury thermometer.)Tips for Taking Temperatures\nAs any parent knows, taking a squirming child's temperature can be challenging. But it's one of the most important tools doctors have to determine if a child has an illness or infection. The best method will depend on a child's age and temperament.\nFor kids younger than 3 months, you'll get the most reliable reading by using a digital thermometer to take a rectal temperature. Electronic ear thermometers aren't recommended for infants younger than 3 months because their ear canals are usually too small.\nFor kids between 3 months to 4 years old, you can use a digital thermometer to take a rectal temperature or an electronic ear thermometer to take the temperature inside the ear canal. You could also use a digital thermometer to take an axillary temperature, although this is a less accurate method.\nFor kids 4 years or older, you can usually use a digital thermometer to take an oral temperature if your child will cooperate. However, kids who have frequent coughs or are breathing through their mouths because of stuffy noses might not be able to keep their mouths closed long enough for an accurate oral reading. In these cases, you can use the tympanic method (with an electronic ear thermometer) or axillary method (with a digital thermometer).\nTo take a rectal temperature: Before becoming parents, most people cringe at the thought of taking a rectal temperature. But don't worry — it's a simple process:\nLubricate the tip of the thermometer with a lubricant, such as petroleum jelly.\nPlace your child:\n- belly-down across your lap or on a firm, flat surface and keep your palm along the lower back\n- or face-up with legs bent toward the chest with your hand against the back of the thighs\nWith your other hand, insert the lubricated thermometer into the anal opening about ½ inch to 1 inch (about 1.25 to 2.5 centimeters), or until the tip of the thermometer is fully in the rectum. Stop if you feel any resistance.\nSteady the thermometer between your second and third fingers as you cup your hand against your baby's bottom. Soothe your child and speak quietly as you hold the thermometer in place.\nWait until you hear the appropriate number of beeps or other signal that the temperature is ready to be read. Write down the number on the screen, noting the time of day that you took the reading.\nTo take an oral temperature: This process is easy in an older, cooperative child.\nWait 20 to 30 minutes after your child finishes eating or drinking to take an oral temperature, and make sure there's no gum or candy in your child's mouth.\nPlace the tip of the thermometer under the tongue and ask your child to close his or her lips around it. Remind your child not to bite down or talk, and to relax and breathe normally through the nose.\nWait until you hear the appropriate number of beeps or other signal that the temperature is ready to be read. Write down the number on the screen, noting the time of day that you took the reading.\nTo take an axillary temperature: This is a convenient way to take a child's temperature. Although not as accurate as a rectal or oral temperature in a cooperative child, some parents prefer to take an axillary temperature, especially for kids who can't hold a thermometer in their mouths.\nRemove your child's shirt and undershirt, and place the thermometer under an armpit (it must be touching skin only, not clothing).\nFold your child's arm across the chest to hold the thermometer in place.\nWait until you hear the appropriate number of beeps or other signal that the temperature is ready to be read. Write down the number on the screen, noting the time of day that you took the reading.\nWhatever method you choose, keep these additional tips in mind:\nNever take a child's temperature right after a bath or if he or she has been bundled tightly for a while — this can affect the temperature reading.\nNever leave a child unattended while taking a temperature.\nHelping Kids Feel Better\nAgain, not all fevers need to be treated. And in most cases, a fever should be treated only if it's causing a child discomfort.\nHere are ways to alleviate symptoms that often accompany a fever:\nIf your child is fussy or appears uncomfortable, you can give acetaminophen or ibuprofen based on the package recommendations for age or weight. (Unless instructed by a doctor, never give aspirin to a child due to its association with Reye syndrome, a rare but potentially fatal disease.) If you don't know the recommended dose or your child is younger than 2 years old, call the doctor to find out how much to give.\nInfants under 2 months old should not be given any medication for fever without being evaluated by a doctor. If your child has any medical problems, check with the doctor to see which medication is best to use. Remember that fever medication will usually temporarily bring a temperature down, but won't return it to normal — and it won't treat the underlying reason for the fever.\nDress your child in lightweight clothing and cover with a light sheet or blanket. Overdressing and overbundling can prevent body heat from escaping and can cause a temperature to rise.\nMake sure your child's bedroom is a comfortable temperature — not too hot or too cold.\nWhile some parents use lukewarm sponge baths to lower fever, there is no evidence to support this method. In fact, sponge baths can make children uncomfortable. Never use alcohol (it can cause poisoning when absorbed through the skin) or ice packs/cold baths (they can cause chills that may raise body temperature).\nOffer plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration — a fever will cause a child to lose fluids more rapidly. Water, soup, ice pops, and flavored gelatin are all good choices. Avoid drinks containing caffeine, including colas and tea, because they can cause increased urination.\nIf your child also is vomiting and/or has diarrhea, ask the doctor if you should give an electrolyte (rehydration) solution made especially for kids. You can find these solutions at drugstores and supermarkets. Don't offer sports drinks — they're not designed for younger children, and the added sugars may make diarrhea worse. Also, limit your child's intake of fruits and apple juice.\nIn general, let your child eat what he or she wants (in reasonable amounts) but don't force eating if your child doesn't feel like it.\nMake sure your child gets plenty of rest. Staying in bed all day isn't necessary, but a sick child should take it easy.\nIt's best to keep a child with a fever home from school or childcare. Most doctors feel that it's safe to return when the temperature has been normal for 24 hours.\nWhen to Call the Doctor\nThe exact temperature that should trigger a call to the doctor depends on the age of the child, the illness, and whether there are other symptoms with the fever.\nCall your doctor if you have an:\ninfant younger than 3 months old with a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher\nolder child with a temperature of higher than 102.2°F (39°C)\nCall the doctor if an older child has a fever of less than 102.2°F (39°C) but also:\nrefuses fluids or seems too ill to drink adequately\nhas persistent diarrhea or repeated vomiting\nhas any signs of dehydration (urinating less than usual, not having tears when crying, less alert and less active than usual)\nhas a specific complaint (e.g., sore throat or earache)\nstill has a fever after 24 hours (in kids younger than 2 years) or 72 hours (in kids 2 years or older)\nhas recurrent fevers, even if they only last a few hours each night\nhas a chronic medical problem such as heart disease, cancer, lupus, or sickle cell anemia\nhas a rash\nhas pain with urination\nSeek emergency care if your child shows any of these signs:\ninconsolable crying\nextreme irritability\nlethargy and difficulty waking\nrash or purple spots that look lik bruises on the skin (that were not there before the child got sick)\nblue lips, tongue, or nails\ninfant's soft spot on the head seems to be bulging outward or sunken inwards\nstiff neck\nsevere headache\nlimpness or refusal to move\ndifficulty breathing that doesn't get better when the nose is cleared\nleaning forward and drooling\nseizure\nabdominal pain\nAlso, ask your doctor for his or her specific guidelines on when to call about a fever.\nFever: A Common Part of Childhood\nAll kids get fevers, and in the majority of cases, most are completely back to normal within a few days. For older infants and kids (but not necessarily for infants younger than 3 months), the way they act is far more important than the reading on your thermometer. Everyone gets cranky when they have a fever. This is normal and should be expected.\nBut if you're ever in doubt about what to do or what a fever might mean, or if your child is acting ill in a way that concerns you even if there's no fever, always call your doctor for advice.\n◄ BACK\nPatient Login\nEmail Address Forgot Email?\nPassword Forgot Password\nNo account yet? Register Here\nContact us\n706 S College Road\nWilmington, NC 28403-6411\nPhone: (910) 798-2212\nFax: (910) 920-9905\nHaving trouble finding us?\nDesigned by Waiting Room Solutions ©2013\n|\nHome\n|\nOur Providers\n|\nDirections\n|\nEducation\n|\nInstructions\n|\nOur Services\n|\nForms\n|\nPrivacy Policy\n|\nReport A Problem\n|\nAccessible Version\n706 S College Road\nWilmington, NC 28403-6411\nPhone (910) 798-2212\nFax (910) 920-9905

2019-04-20T22:16:47Z

"https://ehr.wrshealth.com/live/patient_v2/instructions.php?id=2038131&iid=4775"

ehr.wrshealth.com

The World’s No 1 Food Against Heart Attack, Hypertension, Stroke And Cholesterol\nLangsung ke konten utama\nCari Blog Ini\nHealthy Tips\nshare about health and natural medicine\nThe World’s No 1 Food Against Heart Attack, Hypertension, Stroke And Cholesterol\nDapatkan link\nFacebook\nTwitter\nPinterest\nEmail\nAplikasi Lainnya\nWe have something to show you in case you’re searching for the most beneficial food in the world. We recommend you to try dates.\nThey contain a lot of healthy properties that are able to soothe many health problems, such as strokes, heart attacks, cholesterol and hypertension.\nIn no time, they are going to build up the metabolism of the body, because they have great amounts of nutrients.\nHere are some of the main recommendations why they have to be included in your food menu and why they are so healthy.\n8 HEALTHY EFFECTS OF DATES\nDates are rich in iron\nDates contain great amounts of iron, which is especially useful for those people who suffer from anemia, for children and for pregnant women.\nIt is sufficient to consume 100 grams of dates per day, which mainly contain 0.9 mg of iron. It is about 11 % of the recommended daily intake of iron.\nThe iron has also beneficial effects on the red blood cells and hemoglobin, mainly supporting the flow of oxygen through the blood.\nDates prevent diarrhea\nDates also have got great amounts of potassium, which is an essential mineral that prevents diarrhea by relieving the belly flora and the intestines, stimulating more effective bacteria in this way.\nDates soothe constipation\nDates have also got relieving properties that can soothe diarrhea and constipation. That is the reason why you should put dates in water to stay throughout the night, and then to drink it in the morning in order to increase good digestion. Its effects are going to be laxative and mild.\nDates control body weight\nIf you want to prevent excessive fat, you should eat dates on an empty stomach. Namely, it is going to control your body weight, since they have no cholesterol.\nYou have to be familiar with the fact that they are rich in sugar, so be careful when consuming them.\nDates regulate cholesterol\nDates are also useful for the regulation of the unhealthy cholesterol or known as LDL, because they cleanse the blood vessels and prevent any blood clots.\nDates strengthen the heart\nAt night, soak the dates. In the morning, first strain them and then put out the seeds. You can either eat or blender the seeds.\nDates regulate blood pressure\nPeople who mainly suffer from hypertension have to eat a lot of dates, because they are rich in potassium and do not have sodium.\nNamely, 5 to 6 dates nearly contain 80 mg of magnesium, an important mineral that is spread through the blood vessels and that improves the flow of the blood.\nApproximately, 370 mg of magnesium are useful for decreasing the blood pressure.\nDates prevent strokes\nAs previously mentioned in the article, dates have got great amounts of potassium, which is an important mineral that significantly improves the nervous system and also prevents any strokes.\nTherefore, if you take 400 mg of potassium a day, you have no reasons to worry about.\nWe really hope you find this article helpful and don’t forget to share it with your friends and family. Thank You.\nThe content of this article, including medical opinion and any other health-related information, is for informational purposes only and should not be considered to be a specific diagnosis or treatment plan for any individual (person).\nUse of this site and the information contained herein does not create a doctor-patient relationship.\nAlways seek the direct advice of your own doctor in connection with any questions or issues you may have regarding your own health or the health of others.\nDapatkan link\nFacebook\nTwitter\nPinterest\nEmail\nAplikasi Lainnya\nPostingan populer dari blog ini\nMouthwash Removes Plaque From Teeth In 1 Minute\nOral hygiene could be very essential for dental health. We all recognize that is most important to sweep their tooth morning and evening, but aside from a toothbrush and paste, need to be used and dental floss and mouthwashes.\nMouthwashes ought to be used specially when you have troubles with plaque and tartar. And the exceptional is that leaves fresh aroma on your mouth.\nMouthwash Removes Plaque From Teeth In 1 Minute\nToday we’re offering you a recipe for selfmade mouthwash.\nThe blessings of creating this kind of liquid for your homes are that you are positive within the pleasant of elements, is less expensive and you’ll get extra amount.\nIngredients:\n-1 tablespoon baking soda\n-½ cup hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide)\n-½ teaspoon of salt\n-½ cup heat water\n-1 cup cold water\nSubstances:\n-Toothbrush\n-Pot the cup\n-Toothpick (toothpicks).\nCommands:\n-Blend the baking soda with the salt. Then wet the toothbrush in warm water and spread with the mixture above.\nRub thoroughly the enamel a…\nBaca selengkapnya\nThis Is Amazing! Apply Vaseline For 30 Days on Your Breasts And See What Happens!\nWe all know that Vseline has wide range of uses. It is often used for rough skin on the elbows and ankles, for lip care, softening the skin and can be also used for some unusual purposes.\nThis amazing products can be also sue for increasing the cup size of your breasts. This unusual use can be perform at home, you only have to put some tooth paste on the nipples and rub the Vaseline on your breasts.\nDo this amazing technique every night until you get desired results . you will be surprised by the results!\nHERE ARE THE MOST EFFETCIVE USES OF VASELINE FOR BEAUTY PURPOSES\nGet rid of glue from the eyelashes by rubbing it on the lashes\nAfter shaving\nMake a mixture between sea salt and Vaseline and exfoliate your skin\nAvoid spray ten streaks by putting some Vaseline on back of the knees, knees and ankles\nGet rid of stains of make up from your clothes\nMakes your shoes look new\nYou can also make your eyebrow plucking easier\nRemoving make-up\nApply some Vaseline on the teeth in order to preven…\nBaca selengkapnya\nTHIS MOUTHWASH REMOVES PLAQUE FROM TEETH IN 2 MINUTES!\nYour oral health very much determines your overall health and well-being.\nSo, oral hygiene is a must if you want to maintain your body healthy, one of the steps in oral hygiene procedure is mouthwash.\nMouthwash lowers the presence of plaque, and at the same time reaches and fights off the bacteria that evaded from the dental cleaning.\nThis step is the last one in the oral hygiene procedure, which successfully removes bacteria and germs. Thanks to which your mouth is clean and fresh.\nUp to now, it has been proven that cavities can be cured with adequate care and a healthy diet.\nHere below are the benefits of using a homemade mouthwash:\nIt does not cost a lot, and moreover it will provide you with amazing effects.\nYou are in charge of which ingredients you will use and supervise its use. Tartar can be efficiently removed with completely safe and natural ingredients.\nNo content of harmful chemicals contrary to the advertised commercial mouthwash products which are packed with various a…\nBaca selengkapnya\nDiberdayakan oleh Blogger\nGambar tema oleh Michael Elkan\nArsip\nApril 201989\nMaret 201979\nFebruari 2019105\nJanuari 2019100\nDesember 201850\nNovember 201821\nLabel\nHealth\nLaporkan Penyalahgunaan

2019-04-24T05:01:33Z

"http://www.healthy-tipss.info/2018/11/the-worlds-no-1-food-against-heart.html"

www.healthy-tipss.info

Apple cider vinegar to remove warts: Uses, effectiveness, and side effects\nFor full functionality, it is necessary to enable JavaScript. Here are instructions how to enable JavaScript in your web browser.\nWelcome to Medical News Today\nHealthline Media, Inc. would like to process and share personal data (e.g., mobile ad id) and data about your use of our site (e.g., content interests) with our third party partners (see a current list) using cookies and similar automatic collection tools in order to a) personalize content and/or offers on our site or other sites, b) communicate with you upon request, and/or c) for additional reasons upon notice and, when applicable, with your consent.\nHealthline Media, Inc. is based in and operates this site from the United States. Any data you provide will be primarily stored and processed in the United States, pursuant to the laws of the United States, which may provide lesser privacy protections than European Economic Area countries.\nBy clicking “accept” below, you acknowledge and grant your consent for these activities unless and until you withdraw your consent using our rights request form. Learn more in our Privacy Policy.\nTop categories\nBlood / Hematology\nBones / Orthopedics\nBreast Cancer\nColorectal Cancer\nDepression\nGastroIntestinal\nHypertension\nLymphoma\nMen's Health\nNeurology / Neuroscience\nNutrition / Diet\nPain / Anesthetics\nProstate / Prostate Cancer\nPsoriasis\nRespiratory\nSexual Health / STDs\nStroke\nTuberculosis\nUrology / Nephrology\nWomen's Health\nAll categories\nA - B\nC - D\nE - G\nH - L\nM - O\nP - R\nS - Z\nAll Topics\nMore\nSign up for our newsletter\nDiscover in-depth, condition specific articles written by our in-house team.\nNewsletter\nMNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003\nSearch\nGo\nTop categories\nBlood / Hematology\nBones / Orthopedics\nBreast Cancer\nColorectal Cancer\nDepression\nGastroIntestinal\nHypertension\nLymphoma\nMen's Health\nNeurology / Neuroscience\nNutrition / Diet\nPain / Anesthetics\nProstate / Prostate Cancer\nPsoriasis\nRespiratory\nSexual Health / STDs\nStroke\nTuberculosis\nUrology / Nephrology\nWomen's Health\nAll categories\nA - B\nC - D\nE - G\nH - L\nM - O\nP - R\nS - Z\nAll Topics\nMore\nSign up for our newsletter\nDiscover in-depth, condition specific articles written by our in-house team.\nNewsletter\nMNT - Hourly Medical News Since 2003\nSearch\nGo\nLoading...\nPlease accept our privacy terms\nWe use cookies and similar technologies to improve your browsing experience, personalize content and offers, show targeted ads, analyze traffic, and better understand you. We may share your information with third-party partners for marketing purposes. To learn more and make choices about data use, visit our Advertising Policy and Privacy Policy. By clicking “Accept and Continue” below, (1) you consent to these activities unless and until you withdraw your consent using our rights request form, and (2) you consent to allow your data to be transferred, processed, and stored in the United States.\nACCEPT AND CONTINUE TO SITE\nDeny permission\nScroll to Accept\nGet the MNT newsletter\nEnter your email address to subscribe to our most top categories\nYour privacy is important to us.\nFINISH\nCan apple cider vinegar treat warts?\nLast reviewed\t Tue 27 February 2018\t Last reviewed\tTue 27 Feb 2018\nBy Rachel Nall, RN, BSN, CCRN\nReviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT\nTable of contents\nEffectiveness\nStep-by-step guide\nSide effects\nOther treatments\nWhen to see a doctor\nOutlook\nMany treatments are available for warts, including removal by a doctor, over-the-counter medication, and home remedies, such as apple cider vinegar.\nWarts are rough bumps of skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Apple cider vinegar's effectiveness for treating warts is not known, and there are reports of risks and complications with this home remedy.\nIn this article, we look at how a person might use apple cider vinegar on warts, its effectiveness, and side effects. The article also looks at other ways to treat warts.\nEffectiveness\nVinegar may be used to kill some bacteria, but apple cider vinegar has not been tested for this purpose.\nThere is currently no scientific research to suggest that apple cider vinegar is an effective treatment for warts.\nThe idea behind this treatment is that the acid should destroy the wart tissue, in a similar way that salicylic acid does. At high concentrations, salicylic acid can be more effective than a placebo for treating warts.\nIn general, vinegar can be used to kill some types of bacteria. According to one study, vinegar may be effective against common bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and Salmonella. However, scientists have not tested this theory with apple cider vinegar.\nThere may also be some side effects of using acidic products on the skin, so a person considering this treatment should proceed with caution.\nStep-by-step guide\nWhen using apple cider vinegar to treat a wart, a person can follow these steps:\nGather a bottle of apple cider vinegar, cotton balls or cotton-tipped applicators, and a small bandage.\nSoak the cotton ball in apple cider vinegar, and apply this to the area where the wart is.\nPlace the bandage over the cotton ball and leave it in place overnight. Some people may leave it on for up to 24 hours.\nReplace the cotton ball with a fresh one dipped in apple cider vinegar each night.\nThe wart may swell or throb. The skin on the wart may turn black in the first 1 to 2 days, which might signal that the skin cells in the wart are dying.\nThe wart might fall off within 1 to 2 weeks. Continuing to use apple cider vinegar for a few days after this may prevent the skin cells that caused the previous wart from shedding and growing elsewhere.\nSide effects and complications\nRecommended treatments for warts include freezing, salicylic acid, and duct tape.\nApple cider vinegar is a form of acid. It is usually available at a concentration of 5 percent acetic acid.\nAlthough weaker than other acids, such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, it still has the potential to cause a chemical burn and damage to the skin.\nTherefore, people should not apply apple cider vinegar to warts in sensitive areas, such as on the genitals or face.\nIn one report, a young person experienced burns to their nose after applying apple cider vinegar to a mole.\nIn another report, a child experienced chemical burns and irritant contact dermatitis to their leg after using apple cider vinegar directly on the skin.\nOther treatments\nOne possible treatment is the application of cantharidine. This substance causes the skin under the wart to blister so that the wart comes off. This treatment must be done in a doctor's office.\nThe American Academy of Dermatology also recommend the following treatments for warts:\nSalicylic acid\nProducts containing salicylic acid are available over the counter. When applied to damp skin on a daily basis over several weeks, the acid can destroy skin cells on the wart.\nAlways follow the instructions from the manufacturer. Usually, a person can follow these steps:\nSoak the wart for around 10 minutes, using warm water.\nGently rub the wart with an emery board or pumice stone.\nOnce the wart has softened, follow the instructions on the packet to apply the acid. The acid may cause mild stinging.\nEventually, the wart should peel off.\nFreezing\nA wart can be frozen off using a freezing spray. This procedure can be done at the doctor's office, but wart-freezing sprays are also available over the counter.\nThese sprays should create a blister around the wart, which will eventually fall off. Alternatively, a doctor can remove it with a laser or scalpel.\nWhat you should know about freezing warts\nLearn more about freezing warts, including how it works, effectiveness, when to do it, and what to expect\nRead now\nDuct tape\nAnother home remedy some people use for wart treatment is the application of duct tape. Apply duct tape over the wart and change it every few days.\nWhile it is unclear whether this works, it is possible that it causes the skin cells of the wart to come off.\nWhen to see a doctor\nIf a person uses the apple cider method to treat their wart, they should watch the skin around the wart carefully for signs of a chemical burn on the skin.\nSigns a person should discontinue their treatment and see a doctor include:\nbleeding\ncracked, open areas of skin\nsevere pain from the treatment site\nsevere swelling\nIf a person experiences anything they did not expect related to their wart treatments, they should contact their doctor.\nOutlook\nWarts are not usually painful, and they typically go away on their own over time. However, some warts may bleed or rub against clothing, which can be uncomfortable and annoying.\nThere is no guaranteed cure for warts, and they may return in the same or a different location.\nApple cider vinegar is not an approved treatment method. However, there is a range of medical treatments and over-the-counter medications available that might help.\nRelated coverage\nWhat is human papillomavirus (HPV)? Human Papillovirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmited infection in the U.S. There are different types of HPV, and about 14 million people in the U.S. are diagnosed each year. Some of these people may develop a cancer that stems from HPV infection. Discover how HPV is transmitted and how to protect yourself. Read now\nWhat is the apple cider vinegar detox? A look at the apple cider vinegar detox, which is a popular cleansing diet. Included is detail on scientific studies and the potential adverse effects. Read now\nHow to treat a wart Most warts clear up without treatment, although this can take up to several years. Treatments aim to irritate the skin to encourage the body's infection-fighting cells to clear the warts. A range of over-the-counter medications are available, as well as surgery and cryotherapy, which involves freezing the wart off. Read now\nCan apple cider vinegar help treat psoriasis? Psoriasis is a painful, irritating, and unsightly condition that causes buildups of plaque on certain areas of the skin. Some people use apple cider vinegar as a home remedy to treat their psoriasis. This MNT Knowledge Center article looks at whether it is effective, along with other options. Read now\nWhat you need to know about genital warts Genital warts are one of the most common types of sexually transmitted infection. They are contagious and occur when the human papillomavirus (HPV) infects the skin. Genital warts are not dangerous, and most can be treated with a topical cream. Read on to find out about other treatment options and how to prevent them. Read now\nemail email\nprint\nshare share\nComplementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine\nDermatology\nAdditional information\nArticle last reviewed by Tue 27 February 2018.\nVisit our Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine category page for the latest news on this subject, or sign up to our newsletter to receive the latest updates on Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine.\nAll references are available in the References tab.\nReferences\nThis content requires JavaScript to be enabled.\nBunick, C. G., Lott, J. P., Warren, C. B., Galan, A., Bolognia, J., & King, B. (2012, October). Chemical burn from topical apple cider vinegar [Abstract]. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 67(4), e143–e144. Retrieved from http://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(11)02243-2/abstract\nFeldstein, S., Afshar, M., & Krakowski, A. C. (2015, June). Chemical burn from vinegar following an Internet-based protocol for self-removal of nevi. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 8(6), 50. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479370/\nHow to get rid of warts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aad.org/public/kids/skin/warts/how-to-get-rid-of-warts\nJohnston, C. S., & Gaas, C. A. (2006, May 30). Vinegar: Medicinal uses and antiglycemic effect. Medscape General Medicine, 8(2), 61. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1785201/\nNgan, V. (2003). Cantharidine. Retrieved from https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/cantharidine\nRutala, W. A., Barbee, S. L., Aguiar, N. C., Sobsey, M. D., & Weber, D. J. (2000, January 2). Antimicrobial activity of home disinfectants and natural products against potential human pathogens. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 21(1), 33–38. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10656352\nSteele, K., Shirodaria, P., O'Hare, M., Merrett, J. D., Irwin, W. G., Simpson, D. I., & Pfister, H. (1988, April). British Journal of Dermatology, 118(4), 537–543. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3377974\nWarts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/contagious-skin-diseases/warts\nWarts. (2014, April). Retrieved from https://www.familydoctor.org/condition/warts/\nCitations\nPlease use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:\nMLA\nNall, Rachel. \"Can apple cider vinegar treat warts?.\" Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 27 Feb. 2018. Web.\n26 Apr. 2019. <https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321055.php>\nAPA\nNall, R. (2018, February 27). \"Can apple cider vinegar treat warts?.\" Medical News Today. Retrieved from\nhttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321055.php.\nPlease note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead.\nRecommended related news\nLatest news\nMarijuana users less likely to be overweight, obese\nNew research examines the link between body mass index and cannabis use. The findings may seem counterintuitive, given that marijuana increases appetite.\nPatterns of antibiotic use may predict cardiovascular risk\nA large cohort study has found a link between prolonged antibiotic use in middle age and later in life and an increased cardiovascular risk.\nInnovative patch may reduce muscle damage after a heart attack\nAn interdisciplinary team of researchers has designed a patch that can limit damage after a heart attack. The patch was successfully tested in rats.\nCould invigorating the immune system prevent lung cancer?\nEarly immune-related molecular changes in airway tissue could potentially predict invasive lung cancer and serve as prevention targets, new study suggests.\nDoes your tongue have a sense of smell?\nNew research in mice and human cell cultures has revealed that the taste cells of humans and other mammals can also contain smell receptors.\nPopular in: Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine\nBenefits of black seed oil\nHow to relieve itching\nHow do you boost testosterone naturally?\nWhat are the benefits of maca root?\nHemp oil benefits list\nScroll to top\nPopular news\nEditorial articles\nAll news topics\nKnowledge center\nNewsletters\nShare our content\nAbout us\nOur editorial team\nContact us\nAdvertise with MNT\nget our newsletter\nHealth tips, wellness advice and more.\nSubscribe\nYour privacy is important to us.\nHealthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK.\n© 2004-2019 All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional.\nPrivacy | Terms | Ad policy | Careers\nThis page was printed from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321055.php\nVisit www.medicalnewstoday.com for medical news and health news headlines posted throughout the day, every day.\n2019 Healthline Media UK Ltd. All rights reserved. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional.\nvar deferCSS_place = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]; // 3. insert object before\ndeferCSS_place.appendChild(deferCSS);

2019-04-26T14:04:26Z

"http://lp.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321055.php"

lp.medicalnewstoday.com

nc | PeaceHealth\nSkip to main content\nSearch form\nSearch\nContributeToggle submenu for Contribute\nCottage Grove Foundation\nKetchikan Foundation\nPeace Island\nPeace Harbor Foundation\nPeaceHealth Southwest Foundation\nSacred Heart Foundation\nSt. John Foundation\nSt. Joseph Foundation\nAll PeaceHealth Foundations\nCareers\nFor Medical Professionals\nAbout PeaceHealthToggle submenu for About PeaceHealth\nCommunity Benefit Reports\nCommunity Health Needs Assessment\nCommunity Magazines\nFor PeaceHealth Caregivers\nFor Vendors\nNewsroom\nPatient Financial Services\nPeaceHealth Fact Sheets\nPeaceHealth Mission & Values\nSponsorship Application\nHealth Information Library\nZinc\nUses\nZinc is an essential mineral that is a component of more than 300 enzymes needed to repair wounds, maintain fertility in adults and growth in children, synthesize protein, help cells reproduce, preserve vision, boost immunity, and protect against free radicals, among other functions.\nWhat Are Star Ratings?\nOur proprietary \"Star-Rating\" system was developed to help you easily understand the amount of scientific support behind each supplement in relation to a specific health condition. While there is no way to predict whether a vitamin, mineral, or herb will successfully treat or prevent associated health conditions, our unique ratings tell you how well these supplements are understood by the medical community, and whether studies have found them to be effective for other people.\nFor over a decade, our team has combed through thousands of research articles published in reputable journals. To help you make educated decisions, and to better understand controversial or confusing supplements, our medical experts have digested the science into these three easy-to-follow ratings. We hope this provides you with a helpful resource to make informed decisions towards your health and well-being.\n3 Stars Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.\n2 Stars Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit.\n1 Star For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support.\nThis supplement has been used in connection with the following health conditions:\nUsed for\nWhy\n3 Stars\nAcne Vulgaris\n60 to 90 mg daily\nSeveral double-blind trials indicate that taking zinc reduces acne severity. Long-term use requires 1 to 2 mg of copper per day to prevent copper deficiency.\nSeveral double-blind trials indicate that zinc supplements reduce the severity of acne. In one double-blind trial, though not in another, zinc was found to be as effective as oral antibiotic therapy. Doctors sometimes suggest that people with acne take 30 mg of zinc two or three times per day for a few months, then 30 mg per day thereafter. It often takes 12 weeks before any improvement is seen. Long-term zinc supplementation requires 1–2 mg of copper per day to prevent copper deficiency.\n3 Stars\nAcrodermatitis\n30 to 150 mg per day under a doctor's supervision\nSupplementing with the correct amount of zinc can completely resolve hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica\nSupplementation with zinc brings about complete remission in hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica. Zinc supplements in the amount of 30 to 150 mg per day are used by people with this condition. People with acrodermatitis enteropathica need to be monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure that their level of zinc supplementation is adequate and that the zinc supplements are not inducing a copper deficiency.\n3 Stars\nCommon Cold and Sore Throat\nUse 13 to 25 mg as gluconate, gluconate-glycine, or acetate in lozenges every two hours\nZinc lozenges used at the first sign of a cold have been shown to help stop the virus and shorten the illness.\nZinc interferes with viral replication in test tubes, may interfere with the ability of viruses to enter cells of the body, may help immune cells to fight a cold, and may relieve cold symptoms when taken as a supplement. In double-blind trials, zinc lozenges have reduced the duration of colds in adults but have been ineffective in children. Lozenges containing zinc gluconate, zinc gluconate-glycine, and, in most trials, zinc acetate have been effective; most other forms of zinc and lozenges flavored with citric acid, tartaric acid, sorbitol, or mannitol have been ineffective. Trials using these other forms of zinc have failed, as have trials that use insufficient amounts of zinc. For the alleviation of cold symptoms, lozenges providing 13 to 25 mg of zinc (as zinc gluconate, zinc gluconate-glycine, or zinc acetate) are used every two hours while awake but only for several days. The best effect is obtained when lozenges are used at the first sign of a cold.\nAn analysis of the major zinc trials has claimed that evidence for efficacy is \"still lacking.\" However, despite a lack of statistical significance, this compilation of data from six double-blind trials found that people assigned to zinc had a 50% decreased risk of still having symptoms after one week compared with those given placebo. Some trials included in this analysis used formulations containing substances that may inactivate zinc salts. Other reasons for failure to show statistical significance, according to a recent analysis of these studies, may have been small sample size (not enough people) or not enough zinc given. Thus, there are plausible reasons why the authors were unable to show statistical significance, even though positive effects are well supported in most trials using gluconate, gluconate-glycine, or acetate forms of zinc.\n3 Stars\nDown Syndrome\n1 mg per 2.2 lbs (1 kg) of body weight daily\nZinc may improve immune function, reduce infection rates, and stimulate growth. Take under a doctor's supervision.\nBlood levels of the antioxidant minerals selenium and zinc were normal in one study of people with Down syndrome, but others have found selenium and zinc levels to be low. In some studies more than 60% of patients with Down syndrome had low zinc levels. A preliminary study of selenium supplementation in children with Down syndrome found that the antioxidant activity in the body improved; however, the implications of this finding on the long-term health of these people is unclear. Zinc is critical for proper immune function, and in one preliminary study the majority of patients with Down syndrome examined had low zinc levels and low immune cell activity. Supplementation with zinc resulted in improved immune cell activity. In preliminary intervention trials, improved immune cell activity was associated with reduced rates of infection in Down syndrome patients given supplemental zinc in the amount of 1 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day. A controlled trial, however, did not find zinc, at 25 mg daily for children under 10 years of age and 50 mg for older children, to have these benefits. Zinc has other roles in the body; preliminary data have indicated that zinc supplementation, at 1 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day, improved thyroid function in Down syndrome patients, and increased growth rate in children with Down syndrome.\n3 Stars\nMale Infertility\n60 mg (plus 2 mg of copper, to prevent depletion) daily\nZinc deficiency leads to reduced numbers of sperm and impotence in men. Taking zinc may correct this problem and improve sperm quality.\nZinc deficiency leads to reduced numbers of sperm and impotence in men. The correlation between blood levels of zinc and sperm quality remains controversial. Infertile men have been reported to have lower levels of zinc in their semen, than do men with normal fertility. Similarly, men with normal sperm density tend to have higher amounts of zinc in their semen, than do men with low sperm counts. However, other studies have found that a high concentration of zinc in the semen is related to decreased sperm motility in infertile men. A few studies have shown that oral zinc supplementation improves both sperm count motility, and the physical characteristics of sperm in some groups of infertile men. For infertile men with low semen zinc levels, a preliminary trial found that zinc supplements (240 mg per day) increased sperm counts and possibly contributed to successful impregnation by 3 of the 11 men. However, these studies all included small numbers of volunteers, and thus the impact of their conclusions is limited. In a controlled trial, 100 men with low sperm motility received either 57 mg of zinc twice daily or a placebo. After three months, there was significant improvement in sperm quality, sperm count, sperm motility, and fertilizing capacity of the sperm. The ideal amount of supplemental zinc remains unknown, but some doctors recommend 30 mg two times per day. Long-term zinc supplementation requires 1–2 mg of copper per day to prevent copper deficiency.\n3 Stars\nNight Blindness\nIf deficient: 15 to 30 mg daily (with 1 to 2 mg copper daily, to prevent depletion)\nA lack of zinc may reduce the activity of retinol dehydrogenase, an enzyme needed to help vitamin A work in the eye. Zinc helps night blindness in people who are zinc-deficient.\nDietary zinc deficiency is common, and a lack of zinc may reduce the activity of retinol dehydrogenase, an enzyme needed to help vitamin A work in the eye. Zinc helps night blindness in people who are zinc-deficient; therefore, many physicians suggest 15 to 30 mg of zinc per day to support healthy vision. Because long-term zinc supplementation may reduce copper levels, 1 to 2 mg of copper per day (depending on the amount of zinc used) is usually recommended for people who are supplementing with zinc for more than a few weeks.\n3 Stars\nWilson's Disease\nConsult a qualified healthcare practitioner\nSupplementing with zinc may help reduce dietary copper absorption.\nZinc is known for its ability to reduce copper absorption and has been used successfully in patients with Wilson's disease, with some trials lasting for years years. Researchers have called zinc a \"remarkably effective and nontoxic therapy for Wilson's disease.\" The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of zinc to treat Wilson's disease for maintenance therapy following drug therapy, although some scientists recommend that it be considered for initial therapy as well.\nZinc has also been used to keep normal copper levels from rising in people with Wilson's disease who had previously been treated successfully with prescription drugs. Zinc (50 mg taken three times per day) has been used for such maintenance therapy, though some researchers have used the same amount of zinc to successfully treat people with Wilson's disease who had not received drug therapy.\nZinc is so effective in lessening the body's burden of copper that a copper deficiency was reported in someone with Wilson's disease who took too much (480 mg per day) zinc. Nonetheless, zinc may not help everyone with Wilson's disease. Sometimes increased copper levels can occur in the liver after zinc supplementation; however, leading researchers believe this increase is temporary and may not be not harmful.\nZinc supplementation (25 mg or 50 mg three times daily) has also been used to successfully treat pregnant women with Wilson's disease. Management of Wilson's disease with zinc should only be undertaken with the close supervision of a doctor.\n3 Stars\nWound Healing\n30 mg daily (with 2 mg copper daily to prevent depletion), or apply topical zinc preparations regularly\nZinc is a component of enzymes needed to repair wounds, and even a mild deficiency can interfere with optimal recovery from everyday tissue damage.\nZinc is a component of many enzymes, including some that are needed to repair wounds. Even a mild deficiency of zinc can interfere with optimal recovery from everyday tissue damage, as well as from more serious trauma. One controlled trial found the healing time of a surgical wound was reduced by 43% with oral supplementation of 50 mg of zinc three times per day, in the form of zinc sulfate.\nWhether oral zinc helps tissue healing when no actual zinc deficiency exists is unclear, but doctors often recommend 30 mg of zinc per day for four to six weeks to aid in the healing of wounds. Topical zinc-containing treatments, on the other hand, have improved healing of skin wounds even when there is no deficiency. Long-term oral zinc supplementation must be accompanied by copper supplementation to prevent a zinc-induced copper deficiency. Typically, if 30 mg of zinc are taken each day, it should be accompanied by 2 mg of copper. If 60 mg of zinc are used, it should be accompanied by 3 mg of copper each day.\n2 Stars\nAcne Rosacea\n23 mg three times per day for three months\nIn a double-blind study, zinc supplements decreased the rosacea severity by about 75%. Long-term zinc users should also take a copper supplement to prevent deficiency.\nIn a double-blind study, supplementing with zinc (23 mg three times per day for three months) decreased the severity of rosacea by about 75%, whereas no improvement occurred in the placebo group. Mild gastrointestinal upset was reported by 12% of the people taking zinc, but no other significant side effects occurred. Long-term zinc supplementation should be accompanied by a copper supplement, in order to prevent zinc-induced copper deficiency.\n2 Stars\nAlcohol Withdrawal\nTake under medical supervision: 135 to 215 mg daily\nSupplementing with zinc may correct the deficiency common in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and may correct the impaired taste function that people with cirrhosis often experience.\nAlcoholic liver cirrhosis is associated with zinc deficiency. In a double-blind trial, zinc acetate supplementation (200 mg three times daily, providing a total of 215 mg of elemental zinc per day), given to cirrhosis patients for seven days, significantly improved portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). A second trial achieved similar results after three months of treatment and a third trial found a beneficial effect from 6 months of treatment with 51 mg per day of zinc in the form of zinc L-carnosine complex. People with cirrhosis sometimes have impaired taste function, and it has been suggested that zinc deficiency may be the cause of this abnormality. Although one study demonstrated that taste problems in cirrhosis are due to the disease process itself and not to zinc deficiency, a double-blind trial showed that 200 mg three times per day of zinc sulfate (providing 135 mg of elemental zinc per day) for six weeks significantly improved taste function in people with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. A doctor should supervise long-term supplementation of zinc in these amounts.\n2 Stars\nAnorexia\n50 mg a day (with 1 to 3 mg copper daily, to protect against depletion)\nPeople with anorexia may be deficient in zinc, in which case supplementing with the mineral can restore levels and improve symptoms.\nZinc deficiency has been detected in people with anorexia or bulimia in most, though not all, studies. In addition, some of the manifestations of zinc deficiency, such as reduced appetite, taste, and smell, are similar to symptoms observed in some cases of anorexia or bulimia.\nIn an uncontrolled trial, supplementation with 45–90 mg per day of zinc resulted in weight gain in 17 out of 20 anorexics after 8–56 months. In a double-blind study, 35 women hospitalized with anorexia, given 14 mg of zinc per day, achieved a 10% increase in weight twice as fast as the group that received a placebo. In another report, a group of adolescent girls with anorexia, some of whom were hospitalized, was found to be consuming 7.7 mg of zinc per day in their diet—only half the recommended amount. Providing these girls with 50 mg of zinc per day in a double-blind trial helped diminish their depression and anxiety levels, but had no significant effect on weight gain. Anyone taking zinc supplements for more than a few weeks should also supplement with 1 to 3 mg per day of copper to prevent a zinc-induced copper deficiency.\n2 Stars\nAttention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder\nIf deficient: 15 mg per day\nIn one study, children with ADHD who received zinc showed significantly greater behavioral improvement, compared with children who received a placebo.\nIn a double-blind study, children with ADHD who received 15 mg of zinc per day for six weeks showed significantly greater behavioral improvement, compared with children who received a placebo. This study was conducted in Iran, and zinc deficiency has been found to be quite common in certain parts of that country. It is not clear, therefore, to what extent the results of this study apply to children living in other countries.\n2 Stars\nBirth Defects\n15 mg daily\nMany doctors recommend a zinc-containing multivitamin to all women of childbearing age who may become pregnant for its potential role in preventing neural tube defects.\nIn a preliminary study, women with the highest total dietary zinc intake before pregnancy (including zinc from both food and supplements) had a 35% decreased risk of having an NTD-affected pregnancy. However, another preliminary study found no association between blood levels of zinc in pregnant women and the incidence of NTDs. Zinc supplementation (15 mg per day) is considered safe for pregnant women. Given its safety and potential role in preventing NTDs, a zinc-containing multivitamin is recommended by many doctors to all women of childbearing age who may become pregnant.\n2 Stars\nBulimia\nRefer to label instructions\nPeople with bulimia may be deficient in zinc, in which case supplementing with the mineral can restore levels and improve symptoms.\nZinc deficiency has been detected in people with anorexia or bulimia in most, though not all, studies. In addition, some of the manifestations of zinc deficiency, such as reduced appetite, taste, and smell, are similar to symptoms observed in some cases of anorexia or bulimia.\n2 Stars\nCanker Sores\n150 mg daily plus 1 to 2 mg of copper per day to prevent copper deficiency\nZinc deficiency has been linked with recurrent canker sores, so treating the deficiency may lead to relief. Long-term zinc supplementation requires extra copper to avoid deficiency.\nZinc deficiency has also been linked with recurrent canker sores in preliminary studies and in one case report. A preliminary trial found that supplementation with up to 150 mg of zinc per day reduced recurrences of canker sores by 50 to 100%; participants who were zinc deficient experienced the most consistent benefit. However, a double-blind trial (that did not test people for zinc deficiency) did not find zinc supplements helpful for recurrent canker sores.\n2 Stars\nCeliac Disease\nConsult a qualified healthcare practitioner\nThe malabsorption that occurs in celiac disease can lead to multiple nutritional deficiencies. Supplementing with zinc may correct a deficiency.\nThe malabsorption that occurs in celiac disease can lead to multiple nutritional deficiencies. The most common nutritional problems in people with celiac disease include deficiencies of essential fatty acids, iron, vitamin D, vitamin K, calcium, magnesium, and folic acid.Zinc malabsorption also occurs frequently in celiac disease and may result in zinc deficiency, even in people who are otherwise in remission. People with newly diagnosed celiac disease should be assessed for nutritional deficiencies by a doctor. Celiac patients who have not yet completely recovered should supplement with a high-potency multivitamin-mineral. Some patients may require even higher amounts of some of these vitamins and minerals—an issue that should be discussed with their healthcare practitioner. Evidence of a nutrient deficiency in a celiac patient is a clear indication for supplementation with that nutrient.\nAfter commencement of a gluten-free diet, overall nutritional status gradually improves. However, deficiencies of some nutrients may persist, even in people who are strictly avoiding gluten. For example, magnesium deficiency was found in 8 of 23 adults with celiac disease who had been following a gluten-free diet and were symptom-free. When these adults were supplemented with magnesium for two years, their bone mineral density increased significantly.\n2 Stars\nCold Sores\nConsult a qualified healthcare practitioner\nTopically applied zinc appears to inhibit the replication of the herpes virus and help prevent future outbreaks. Use topical zinc only under a doctor's supervision.\nZinc preparations have been shown to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex in the test tube. In one study, people with recurrent herpes simplex infections applied a zinc sulfate solution daily to the sores. After healing occurred, the frequency of applications was reduced to once a week for a month, then to twice a month. During an observation period of 16 to 23 months, none of these people experienced a recurrence of their cold sores.\nZinc oxide, the only commercially available form of zinc for topical application, is probably ineffective as a treatment for herpes simplex. Other forms of topical zinc can be obtained by prescription, through a compounding pharmacist. However, because an excessive concentration of zinc may cause skin irritation, topical zinc should be used only with the supervision of a doctor knowledgeable in its use.\n2 Stars\nCommon Cold and Sore Throat\nFor prevention: 15 mg daily; for treating colds: 30 mg daily at the onset\nIn one study, oral zinc supplementation significantly reduced both the incidence and duration of the common cold.\nZinc interferes with viral replication in test tubes, may interfere with the ability of viruses to enter cells of the body, may help immune cells to fight a cold, and may relieve cold symptoms when taken as a supplement. In double-blind trials, zinc lozenges have reduced the duration of colds in adults but have been ineffective in children. Lozenges containing zinc gluconate, zinc gluconate-glycine, and, in most trials, zinc acetate have been effective; most other forms of zinc and lozenges flavored with citric acid, tartaric acid, sorbitol, or mannitol have been ineffective. Trials using these other forms of zinc have failed, as have trials that use insufficient amounts of zinc. For the alleviation of cold symptoms, lozenges providing 13 to 25 mg of zinc (as zinc gluconate, zinc gluconate-glycine, or zinc acetate) are used every two hours while awake but only for several days. The best effect is obtained when lozenges are used at the first sign of a cold.\nAn analysis of the major zinc trials has claimed that evidence for efficacy is \"still lacking.\" However, despite a lack of statistical significance, this compilation of data from six double-blind trials found that people assigned to zinc had a 50% decreased risk of still having symptoms after one week compared with those given placebo. Some trials included in this analysis used formulations containing substances that may inactivate zinc salts. Other reasons for failure to show statistical significance, according to a recent analysis of these studies, may have been small sample size (not enough people) or not enough zinc given. Thus, there are plausible reasons why the authors were unable to show statistical significance, even though positive effects are well supported in most trials using gluconate, gluconate-glycine, or acetate forms of zinc.\nIn a double-blind study of children in Turkey, oral zinc supplementation significantly reduced both the incidence (by 29%) and the duration (by 11%) of the common cold. The amount of zinc used in this seven-month study was 15 mg per day for children with an average age of 5.6 years. The amount of supplemental zinc was doubled at the onset of a cold, and this higher amount was continued until symptoms resolved.\n2 Stars\nCrohn's Disease\n25 to 50 mg of zinc (with 2 to 4 mg of copper to avoid depletion) per day\nZinc is needed to repair intestinal cells damaged by Crohn's disease. Supplementation may offset some of the deficiency caused by Crohn's-related malabsorption.\nCrohn's disease often leads to malabsorption. As a result, deficiencies of many nutrients are common. For this reason, it makes sense for people with Crohn's disease to take a high potency multivitamin-mineral supplement. In particular, deficiencies in zinc, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and iron have been reported. Zinc, folic acid, and vitamin B12 are all needed to repair intestinal cells damaged by Crohn's disease. Some doctors recommend 25 to 50 mg of zinc (balanced with 2 to 4 mg of copper), 800 mcg of folic acid, and 800 mcg of vitamin B12 daily. Iron status should be evaluated by a doctor before considering supplementation.\n2 Stars\nEczema\nRefer to label instructions\nIn a preliminary study, eczema severity and itching improved significantly more in the children who received zinc than in the control group.\nIn a preliminary study, children (average age, 6 years) with eczema who had a low concentration of zinc in their hair were randomly assigned to receive 12 mg of zinc per day by mouth or no supplemental zinc (control group) for 8 weeks. Eczema severity and itching improved significantly more in the children who received zinc than in the control group. The study did not examine whether children with normal hair zinc levels would benefit from supplementation.\n2 Stars\nGenital Herpes\nApply a topical preparation containing 0.025 to 0.9% zinc several times per day\nApplying zinc topically may help prevent outbreaks and has been shown to stop the pain, burning, and tingling of a herpes outbreak.\nIn a test tube, zinc is capable of inactivating the type of herpes virus responsible for the majority of genital herpes cases. Topical zinc may therefore help prevent outbreaks of genital herpes. One preliminary study treated people (four of whom had genital herpes) with a 4% zinc sulfate solution applied to the site of the initial outbreak. In all cases, the pain, burning, and tingling stopped within 24 hours of beginning the topical zinc therapy. The use of lower concentrations of zinc (0.025–0.05%) has also been shown effective against oral and genital herpes outbreaks. While topical zinc has been shown to be helpful, there is no convincing evidence that oral zinc offers the same benefits.\n2 Stars\nHalitosis\nRegularly use a mouthrinse or toothpaste containing zinc\nZinc is able to reduce the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds in the mouth, thus lessening halitosis.\nPreliminary research has also demonstrated the ability of zinc to reduce the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds in the mouth. One study found that the addition of zinc to a baking soda toothpaste lessened halitosis by lowering the levels of these compounds. A mouthrinse containing zinc chloride was seen in another study to neutralize the damaging effect of methyl mercaptan on periodontal tissue in the mouth.\n2 Stars\nHepatitis and Hepatitis C\nTake zinc L-carnosine supplying 17 mg zinc twice per day\nIn a preliminary trial, supplementing with betaine improved signs of liver inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a type of liver inflammation.\nSupplementation with 17 mg of zinc twice a day (in the form of a zinc complex of L-carnosine) enhanced the response to interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C, in a preliminary trial. It is not known whether this benefit was due primarily to the zinc or the carnosine, or whether other forms of zinc would have the same effect.\n2 Stars\nHIV and AIDS Support\n12 to 45 mg daily\nZinc levels are frequently low in people with HIV infection. Zinc supplements have been shown to reduce the number of infections in people with AIDS.\nBlood levels of both zinc and selenium are frequently low in people with HIV infection. Zinc supplements (45 mg per day) have been shown to reduce the number of infections in people with AIDS. Zinc supplementation (12 mg per day for women, 15 mg per day for men) also slowed the decline in immune function in HIV-infected adults with low blood levels of zinc.\n2 Stars\nInfection\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc deficiencies can impair immune function. Supplementing with zinc has been shown to increase immune function in healthy people. Zinc lozenges have been found helpful in against the common cold.\nMarginal deficiencies of zinc result in immune function impairments. In a double-blind study of healthy elderly people, supplementing with 45 mg of zinc per day for one year significantly reduced the frequency of infections. Some doctors recommend lower amounts of supplemental zinc for people experiencing recurrent infections, such as 25 mg per day for adults and even lower amounts for children (depending on body weight). Zinc lozenges have been found helpful in some studies for the common cold. Long-term zinc supplementation should in most cases be accompanied by a copper supplement in order to prevent zinc-induced copper deficiency.\n2 Stars\nInfectious Diarrhea\nRefer to label instructions\nTwo of the nutrients that may not be absorbed efficiently as a result of diarrhea are zinc and vitamin A, both needed to fight infections.\nTwo of the nutrients that may not be absorbed efficiently as a result of diarrhea are zinc and vitamin A, both needed to fight infections. In third-world countries, supplementation with zinc and vitamin A has led to a reduction in, or prevention of, infectious diarrhea in children. There is evidence that even children who are not zinc-deficient could benefit from zinc supplementation during an episode of infectious diarrhea, if the diarrhea is being caused by certain specific organisms, such as the organism that causes cholera or some strains of E. coli.\n2 Stars\nLiver Cirrhosis\nTake under medical supervision: 135 to 215 mg daily\nSupplementing with zinc may correct the deficiency common in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and may correct the impaired taste function that people with cirrhosis often experience.\nAlcoholic liver cirrhosis is associated with zinc deficiency. In a double-blind trial, zinc acetate supplementation (200 mg three times daily, providing a total of 215 mg of elemental zinc per day), given to cirrhosis patients for seven days, significantly improved portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). A second trial achieved similar results after three months of treatment and a third trial found a beneficial effect from 6 months of treatment with 51 mg per day of zinc in the form of zinc L-carnosine complex. People with cirrhosis sometimes have impaired taste function, and it has been suggested that zinc deficiency may be the cause of this abnormality. Although one study demonstrated that taste problems in cirrhosis are due to the disease process itself and not to zinc deficiency, a double-blind trial showed that 200 mg three times per day of zinc sulfate (providing 135 mg of elemental zinc per day) for six weeks significantly improved taste function in people with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. A doctor should supervise long-term supplementation of zinc in these amounts.\n2 Stars\nMacular Degeneration\n45 mg daily (with 1 to 2 mg of copper to protect against depletion)\nTwo important enzymes in the retina that are needed for vision require zinc. In one trial, zinc supplementation significantly reduced the rate of visual loss in people with macular degeneration.\nTwo important enzymes in the retina that are needed for vision require zinc. In a double-blind trial, supplementation with 45 mg of zinc per day for one to two years significantly reduced the rate of visual loss in people with macular degeneration. However, in another double-blind trial, supplementation with the same amount of zinc did not prevent vision loss among people with a particular type of macular degeneration (the exudative form).\n2 Stars\nPeptic Ulcer\n25 to 50 mg daily\nSupplementing with zinc may help speed the repair of damaged stomach tissue.\nZinc is also needed for the repair of damaged tissue and has protected against stomach ulceration in animal studies. In Europe, zinc combined with acexamic acid, an anti-inflammatory substance, is used as a drug in the treatment of peptic ulcers. In a small controlled trial, high amounts of zinc accelerated the healing of gastric ulcers compared with placebo. Some doctors suspect that such an exceptionally high intake of zinc may be unnecessary, suggesting instead that people with ulcers wishing to take zinc supplements use only 25 to 50 mg of zinc per day. Even at these lower levels, 1 to 3 mg of copper per day must be taken to avoid copper deficiency that would otherwise be induced by the zinc supplementation.\n2 Stars\nPeptic Ulcer (Carnosine)\n150 mg of zinc carnosine complex twice per day\nStudies have shown that a zinc salt of the amino acid carnosine protects against ulcer formation and promotes the healing of existing ulcers.\nExperimental animal studies have shown that a zinc salt of the amino acid carnosine exerts significant protection against ulcer formation and promotes the healing of existing ulcers. However, because zinc by itself has been shown to be helpful against peptic ulcer, it is not known how much of the beneficial effect was due to the carnosine. Clinical studies in humans demonstrated that this compound can help eradicate H. pylori, an organism that has been linked to peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. The amount of the zinc carnosine complex used in research studies for eradication of H. pylori is 150 mg twice daily.\n2 Stars\nPregnancy and Postpartum Support\nUse a prenatal supplement that includes zinc\nIn one study, women who used a zinc-containing nutritional supplement before and after conception had a 36% decreased chance of having a baby with a neural tube defect.\nIn a preliminary study, pregnant women who used a zinc-containing nutritional supplement in the three months before and after conception had a 36% decreased chance of having a baby with a neural tube defect, and women who had the highest dietary zinc intake (but took no vitamin supplement) had a 30% decreased risk.\n2 Stars\nRheumatoid Arthritis\nConsult a qualified healthcare practitioner\nDeficient zinc levels have been reported in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Some trials have found that supplementing with zinc reduces rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.\nDeficient zinc levels have been reported in people with RA. Some trials have found that zinc reduced RA symptoms, but others have not. Some suggest that zinc might only help those who are zinc-deficient, and, although there is no universally accepted test for zinc deficiency, some doctors check white-blood-cell zinc levels.\n2 Stars\nSickle Cell Anemia\nTake under medical supervision: 100 mg of zinc (plus 2 mg of copper daily to protect against depletion)\nSupplementing with zinc appears to help prevent cell damage and speed healing of leg ulcers associated with sickle cell anemia.\nAntioxidant nutrients protect the body's cells from oxygen-related damage. Many studies show that sickle cell anemia patients tend to have low blood levels of antioxidants, including carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C, despite adequate intake. Low blood levels of vitamin E in particular have been associated with higher numbers of diseased cells in children and with greater frequency of symptoms in adults. A small, preliminary trial reported a 44% decrease in the average number of diseased cells in six sickle cell anemia patients given 450 IU vitamin E per day for up to 35 weeks. This effect was maintained as long as supplementation continued.\nIn another preliminary trial, 13 patients with sickle cell anemia were given two supplement combinations for seven to eight months each. The first combination included 109 mg zinc, 153 IU vitamin E, 600 mg vitamin C, and 400 ml (about 14 ounces) of soybean oil containing 11 grams of linoleic acid and 1.5 grams of alpha linolenic acid. The second combination included 140 IU vitamin E, 600 mg vitamin C, and 20 grams of fish oil containing 6 grams of omega-3 fatty acids. Reduction in diseased cells was observed only during the administration of the first protocol. The authors concluded that zinc was the important difference between the two combinations and may be a protector of red blood cell membranes.\nFish oil alone has also been studied. In a double-blind trial, supplementation with menhaden oil, in the amount of 250 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day for one year, reduced the frequency of severe pain episodes by approximately 45%, compared with placebo. This treatment may work by correcting an imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids that occurs in people with sickle cell anemia.\nThe zinc deficiency associated with sickle cell anemia appears to play a role in various aspects of the illness. For example, preliminary research has correlated low zinc levels with poor growth in children with sickle cell anemia. In a preliminary trial, 12 people with sickle cell anemia received 25 mg of zinc every four hours for 3 to 18 months. The number of damaged red blood cells fell from 28% to 18.6%. Addition of 2 mg of copper per day did not inhibit the effect of zinc. (Zinc supplementation in the absence of copper supplementation induces a copper deficiency.) Patients with the highest number of damaged red blood cells had a marked response to zinc, but those with lower levels of damaged cells (less than 20% irreversibly sickled cells) had little or no response.\nChronic leg ulcers occur in about 75% of adults with sickle cell disease. In a controlled trial, sickle cell patients with low blood levels of zinc received 88 mg of zinc three times per day for 12 weeks. Ulcer healing rate was more than three times faster in the zinc group than in the placebo group. Zinc supplementation (25 mg 3 times per day for 3 months) also decreased the number of infections in adults with sickle cell anemia.\n2 Stars\nSkin Ulcers\nTake under medical supervision: 50 mg of zinc (plus 1 to 3 mg of copper daily, to prevent depletion) and apply zinc-containing bandages or tape to the area\nSupplementing with zinc may help some types of skin ulcer by facilitating tissue growth.\nZinc plays an important role in tissue growth processes important for skin ulcer healing. One study reported that patients with pressure ulcers had lower blood levels of zinc and iron than did patients without pressure ulcers, and preliminary reports suggested zinc supplements could help some types of skin ulcer. Supplementation with 150 mg of zinc per day improved healing in a preliminary study of elderly patients suffering from chronic leg ulcers. Double-blind trials using 135 to 150 mg of zinc daily have shown improvement only in patients with low blood zinc levels, and no improvement in leg ulcer healing. A double-blind trial of 150 mg zinc per day in people with skin ulcers due to sickle cell anemia found that the healing rate was almost three times faster in the zinc group than in the placebo group after six months. Lastly, a preliminary study of patients with skin ulcers due to leprosy found that 50 mg of zinc per day in addition to anti-leprosy medication resulted in complete healing in most patients within 6 to 12 weeks. Long-term zinc supplementation at these levels should be accompanied by supplements of copper and perhaps calcium, iron, and magnesium. Large amounts of zinc (over 50 mg per day) should only be taken under the supervision of a doctor.\nTopically applied zinc using zinc-containing bandages has improved healing of leg ulcers in double-blind studies of both zinc-deficient and elderly individuals. Most controlled comparison studies have reported that these bandages are no more effective than other bandages used in the conventional treatment of skin ulcers, but one controlled trial found non-elastic zinc bandages superior to alginate dressings or zinc-containing elastic stockinettes. Two controlled trials of zinc-containing tape for foot ulcers due to leprosy concluded that zinc tape was similarly effective, but more convenient than conventional dressings.\n2 Stars\nSprains and Strains\nTake under medical supervision: 25 to 50 mg daily ( plus 1 to 3 mg of copper daily, to prevent depletion)\nZinc helps with healing. Even a mild deficiency can interfere with optimal recovery from everyday tissue damage and more serious trauma.\nZinc is a component of many enzymes, including some that are needed to repair wounds. Even a mild deficiency of zinc can interfere with optimal recovery from everyday tissue damage as well as from more serious trauma. Trace minerals, such as manganese, copper, and silicon are also known to be important in the biochemistry of tissue healing. However, there have been no controlled studies of people with sprains or strains to explore the effect of deficiency of these minerals, or of oral supplementation, on the rate of healing.\n2 Stars\nThalassemia\nIf deficient: 22.5 to 90 mg daily\nResearchers have reported improved growth rates in zinc-deficient thalassemic children who were given zinc supplements.\nTest tube studies have shown that propionyl-L-carnitine (a form of L-carnitine) protects red blood cells of people with thalassemia against free radical damage. In a preliminary study, children with beta thalassemia major who took 100 mg of L-carnitine per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day for three months had a significantly decreased need for blood transfusions. Some studies have found people with thalassemia to be frequently deficient in folic acid, vitamin B12, and zinc. Researchers have reported improved growth rates in zinc-deficient thalassemic children who were given zinc supplements of 22.5 to 90 mg per day, depending on age.Magnesium has been reported to be low in thalassemia patients in some, but not all, studies. A small, preliminary study reported that oral supplements of magnesium, 7.2 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day, improved some red blood cell abnormalities in thalassemia patients.\n2 Stars\nTinnitus\nTake under medical supervision: 90 mg daily (with 2 or 3 mg per day of copper to prevent depletion)\nFor people deficient in zinc, supplementing with zinc may help improve their tinnitus.\nZinc supplements have been used to treat people who had both tinnitus and hearing loss (usually age-related). Of those who had initially low blood levels of zinc, about 25% experienced an improvement in tinnitus after taking zinc (90–150 mg per day for three to six months). Such large amounts of zinc should be monitored by a doctor. Two controlled clinical trials found no benefit from zinc supplementation (66 mg per day in one double-blind trial) in people with tinnitus. However, participants in these studies were not zinc deficient. Preliminary research suggests that zinc supplementation is only helpful for tinnitus in people who are zinc deficient. A doctor can measure blood levels of zinc.\n2 Stars\nType 1 Diabetes\nConsult a qualified healthcare practitioner\nSupplementing with zinc may lower blood sugar levels and improve immune function in people with type 1 diabetes.\nPeople with type 1 diabetes tend to be zinc deficient, which may impair immune function. Zinc supplements have lowered blood sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes.\nSome doctors are concerned about having people with type 1 diabetes supplement with zinc because of a report that zinc supplementation increased glycosylation, generally a sign of deterioration of the condition. This trial is hard to evaluate because zinc supplementation increases the life of blood cells and such an effect artificially increases the lab test results for glycosylation. Until this issue is resolved, those with type 1 diabetes should consult a doctor before considering supplementation with zinc.\n2 Stars\nType 2 Diabetes\n15 to 25 mg per day\nPeople with type 2 diabetes tend to be zinc deficient, supplementing with zinc may help restore levels.\nPeople with type 2 diabetes tend to be zinc deficient, but some evidence indicates that zinc supplementation does not improve their ability to process sugar. Nonetheless, many doctors recommend that people with type 2 diabetes supplement with moderate amounts of zinc (15 to 25 mg per day) as a way to correct the deficit.\n2 Stars\nWarts\nTake under medical supervision: 2.25 mg per 2.2 lbs (1 kg) body weight, up to 135 mg per day\nIn one study, supplementing with zinc, resulted in complete disappearance of warts in 87% of people treated.\nIn a double-blind study, supplementation with oral zinc, in the form of zinc sulfate, for two months resulted in complete disappearance of warts in 87% of people treated, whereas none of those receiving a placebo improved. The amount of zinc used was based on body weight, with a maximum of 135 mg per day. Similar results were seen in another double-blind study. These large amounts of zinc should be used under the supervision of a doctor. Side effects included nausea, vomiting, and mild abdominal pain.\n1 Star\nAthletic Performance\nRefer to label instructions\nExercise depletes zinc, and severe zinc deficiency can compromise muscle function. One trial found that zinc improved muscle strength, and another study of athletes with low zinc levels found that zinc improved red blood cell flexibility during exercise, which could benefit blood flow to the muscles.\nExercise increases zinc losses from the human body, and severe zinc deficiency can compromise muscle function. Athletes who do not eat an optimal diet, especially those who are trying to control their weight or use fad diets while exercising strenuously, may become deficient in zinc to the extent that performance or health is compromised. One double-blind trial in women found that 135 mg per day of zinc for two weeks improved one measure of muscle strength. Whether these women were zinc deficient was not determined in this study. A double-blind study of male athletes with low blood levels of zinc found that 20 mg per day of zinc improved the flexibility of the red blood cells during exercise, which could benefit blood flow to the muscles. No other studies of the effects of zinc supplementation in exercising people have been done. A safe amount of zinc for long-term use is 20 to 40 mg per day along with 1 to 2 mg of copper. Higher amounts should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor.\n1 Star\nBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc has been shown to reduce prostate size in some studies. If you are taking 30 mg or more of zinc per day, most doctors recommend adding 2 to 3 mg of copper to avoid deficiency.\nProstatic secretions are known to contain a high concentration of zinc; that observation suggests that zinc plays a role in normal prostate function. In one preliminary study, 19 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia took 150 mg of zinc daily for two months, and then 50 to 100 mg daily. In 74% of the men, the prostate became smaller. Because this study did not include a control group, improvements may have been due to a placebo effect. Zinc also reduced prostatic size in an animal study but only when given by local injection. Although the research supporting the use of zinc is weak, many doctors recommend its use. Because supplementing with large amounts of zinc (such as 30 mg per day or more) may potentially lead to copper deficiency, most doctors recommend taking 2 to 3 mg of copper per day along with zinc.\n1 Star\nChildhood Diseases\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc is a mineral antioxidant nutrient that the immune system requires. Supplementing with it increases immune activity in people with certain illnesses.\nZinc is another mineral antioxidant nutrient that the immune system requires. Zinc deficiency results in lowered immune defenses, and zinc supplementation increases immune activity in people with certain illnesses. As with vitamin A, zinc levels have been observed to fall during the early stages of measles infection and to return to normal several days later. There is evidence that zinc supplements are helpful in specific viral infections, but there are no data on the effect of zinc on childhood exanthemous infections.\n1 Star\nCystic Fibrosis\nRefer to label instructions\nThe malabsorption produced by cystic fibrosis may adversely affect zinc absorption. Supplementing with zinc can help counteract this deficiency.\nThe malabsorption produced by CF may adversely affect mineral absorption as well. Blood concentrations of zinc were low in a group of children with CF. One child with CF was reported to have a severe generalized dermatitis that resolved upon correction of zinc and fatty acid deficiencies by using a formula containing zinc (about 3 mg per day) and medium chain triglycerides (amount not reported).[REF] In a double-blind trial, supplementation with 30 mg of zinc per day for one year significantly decreased the number of days that children with CF needed antibiotics to treat respiratory infections. The beneficial effect of zinc was more pronounced in children who had low or low–normal plasma zinc levels than in those who had higher levels.\n1 Star\nDepression\nRefer to label instructions\nIn one study, the addition of a zinc supplement enhanced the beneficial effects of antidepressants.\nIn a double-blind trial, the addition of a zinc supplement (25 mg per day) enhanced the beneficial effect of antidepressant medication in patients suffering from depression. The average dietary intake of zinc among participants in this study (7.6 mg per day) was below the Recommended Dietary Allowance, so it is not known whether these findings would apply to people consuming adequate amounts of zinc.\n1 Star\nDermatitis Herpetiformis\nRefer to label instructions\nSupplementing with zinc can counteract the nutrient deficiency that often occurs as a result of malabsorption.\nPeople with DH frequently have mild malabsorption (difficulty absorbing certain nutrients) associated with low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria) and inflammation of the stomach lining (atrophic gastritis). Mild malabsorption may result in anemia and nutritional deficiencies of iron, folic acid,vitamin B12, and zinc. More severe malabsorption may result in loss of bone mass. Additional subtle deficiencies of vitamins and minerals are possible, but have not been investigated. Therefore, some doctors recommend people with DH have their nutritional status checked regularly with laboratory studies. These doctors may also recommend multivitamin-mineral supplements and, to correct the low stomach acid, supplemental betaine HCl (a source of hydrochloric acid).\n1 Star\nEar Infections\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc stimulates immune function, so some doctors recommend zinc supplements for people with recurrent ear infections.\nZinc supplements have also been reported to increase immune function. As a result, some doctors recommend zinc supplements for people with recurrent ear infections, suggesting 25 mg per day for adults and lower amounts for children. For example, a 30-pound child might be given 5 mg of zinc per day while suffering from OM. Nonetheless, zinc supplementation has not been studied in people with ear infections.\n1 Star\nGastritis\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc is helpful in healing peptic ulcers, which can occur in some types of gastritis.\nZinc and vitamin A, nutrients that aid in healing, are commonly used to help people with peptic ulcers. For example, the ulcers of people taking 50 mg of zinc three times per day healed three times faster than those of people who took placebo. Since some types of gastritis can progress to peptic ulcer, it is possible that taking it may be useful. Nevertheless, the research does not yet show that zinc specifically helps people with gastritis. The amount of zinc used in this study is very high compared with what most people take (15–40 mg per day). Even at these lower levels, it is necessary to take 1–3 mg of copper per day to avoid a zinc-induced copper deficiency.\n1 Star\nGestational Hypertension\nRefer to label instructions\nIn one study, supplementing with zinc reduced the incidence of gestational hypertension in a group of pregnant Hispanic women who were not zinc deficient.\nZinc supplementation (20 mg per day) was reported to reduce the incidence of GH in one double-blind trial studying a group of low-income Hispanic pregnant women who were not zinc deficient.\n1 Star\nGoiter\nRefer to label instructions\nDeficiencies of zinc can contribute to iodine-deficiency goiter. Supplementing with zinc may help.\nWhen iodine deficiency is present, other nutrient levels become important in the development of goiter. Deficiencies of zinc and manganese can both contribute to iodine-deficiency goiter; however, an animal study found that manganese excess can also be goitrogenic. It has been suggested that selenium deficiency may contribute to goiter. However, when selenium supplements were given to people deficient in both iodine and selenium, thyroid dysfunction was aggravated, and it has been suggested that selenium deficiency may provide some protection when there is iodine deficiency. A study of the effects of selenium supplementation at 100 mcg daily in women without selenium deficiency but with slightly low iodine intake found no effect on thyroid function. The authors concluded that selenium supplementation seems to be safe in people with only iodine deficiency but not in people with combined selenium and iodine deficiencies. In those cases, iodine supplementation has been shown to be most useful. No studies have been done to evaluate the usefulness of supplementation with zinc or manganese to prevent or treat goiter.\n1 Star\nHypoglycemia\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc helps control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, and since there are similarities in the way the body regulates high and low blood sugar levels, it might be helpful for hypoglycemia as well.\nResearch has shown that supplementing with chromium (200 mcg per day) or magnesium (340 mg per day) can prevent blood sugar levels from falling excessively in people with hypoglycemia. Niacinamide (vitamin B3) has also been found to be helpful for hypoglycemic people. Other nutrients, including vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, manganese, and vitamin B6, may help control blood sugar levels in diabetics. Since there are similarities in the way the body regulates high and low blood sugar levels, these nutrients might be helpful for hypoglycemia as well, although the amounts needed for that purpose are not known.\n1 Star\nHypothyroidism\nRefer to label instructions\nIn people with low zinc, supplementing with zinc may increased thyroid hormone levels.\nLaboratory animals with severe, experimentally induced zinc deficiency developed hypothyroidism, whereas moderate zinc deficiency did not affect thyroid function. In a small study of healthy people, thyroid hormone (thyroxine) levels tended to be lower in those with lower blood levels of zinc. In people with low zinc, supplementing with zinc increased thyroxine levels. One case has been reported of a woman with severe zinc deficiency (caused by the combination of alcoholism and malabsorption) who developed hypothyroidism that was corrected by supplementing with zinc. Although the typical Western diet is marginally low in zinc, additional research is needed to determine whether zinc supplementation would be effective for preventing or correcting hypothyroidism.\n1 Star\nImmune Function\n25 mg daily\nZinc supplements have been reported to increase immune function. Some doctors recommend zinc supplements for people with recurrent infections.\nMost, but not all, double-blind studies have shown that elderly people have better immune function and reduced infection rates when taking a multiple vitamin-mineral formula. In one double-blind trial, supplements of 100 mcg per day of selenium and 20 mg per day of zinc, with or without additional vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, reduced infections in elderly people, though vitamins without minerals had no effect. Burn victims have also experienced fewer infections after receiving trace mineral supplements in double-blind research. These studies suggest that trace minerals may be the most important micronutrients for enhancing immunity and preventing infections in the elderly.\nZinc supplements have been reported to increase immune function. This effect may be especially important in the elderly according to double-blind studies. Some doctors recommend zinc supplements for people with recurrent infections, suggesting 25 mg per day for adults and lower amounts for children (depending on body weight). However, too much zinc (300 mg per day) has been reported to impair immune function.\nWhile zinc lozenges have been shown to be effective for reducing the symptoms and duration of the common cold in some controlled studies, it is not clear whether this effect is due to an enhancement of immune function or to the direct effect of zinc on the viruses themselves.\n1 Star\nInsulin Resistance Syndrome\nRefer to label instructions\nLow zinc intake appears to be associated with several of the risk factors common in IRS, and a low blood level of zinc is associated with insulin resistance in overweight people.\nPreliminary studies have reported that low zinc intake is associated with several of the risk factors common in IRS, and a low blood level of zinc is associated with insulin resistance in overweight people. However, people with IRS have not specifically been studied to determine whether they are zinc deficient or whether zinc supplements are helpful for them.\n1 Star\nOsgood-Schlatter Disease (Manganese, Vitamin B6)\nRefer to label instructions\nSome doctors have reported good results using a combination of zinc, manganese, and vitamin B6 for people with Osgood-Schlatter disease.\nAnother group of doctors has reported good results using a combination of zinc, manganese, and vitamin B6 for people with Osgood-Schlatter disease; however, the amounts of these supplements were not mentioned in the report. Most physicians would consider reasonable daily amounts of these nutrients for adolescents to be 15 mg of zinc, 5 to 10 mg of manganese, and 25 mg of vitamin B6. Larger amounts might be used with medical supervision.\n1 Star\nOsteoporosis\nRefer to label instructions\nSupplementing with zinc appears to be helpful in both preventing and treating osteoporosis.\nOne trial studying postmenopausal women combined hormone replacement therapy with magnesium (600 mg per day), calcium (500 mg per day), vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, and other nutrients for an eight- to nine-month period. In addition, participants were told to avoid processed foods, limit protein intake, emphasize vegetable over animal protein, and limit consumption of salt, sugar, alcohol, coffee, tea, chocolate, and tobacco. Bone density increased a remarkable 11%, compared to only 0.7% in women receiving hormone replacement alone.\nLevels of zinc in both blood and bone have been reported to be low in people with osteoporosis, and urinary loss of zinc has been reported to be high. In one trial, men consuming only 10 mg of zinc per day from food had almost twice the risk of osteoporotic fractures compared with those eating significantly higher levels of zinc in their diets. Whether zinc supplementation protects against bone loss has not yet been proven, though in one trial, supplementation with several minerals including zinc and calcium was more effective than calcium by itself. Many doctors recommend that people with osteoporosis, as well as those trying to protect themselves from this disease, supplement with 10 to 30 mg of zinc per day.\n1 Star\nPre- and Post-Surgery Health\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc is important for proper immune system function and wound healing. Zinc supplements taken before surgery may prevent zinc deficiency and promote healing.\nZinc is a mineral nutrient important for proper immune system function and wound healing. One study found most surgery patients recovering at home had low dietary intakes of zinc. Low blood levels of zinc have been reported in patients after lung surgery. In one study this deficiency lasted for up to seven days after surgery and was associated with higher risk of pneumonia, while another study found an association between post-operative zinc deficiency and fatigue. Poor post-operative wound healing is also more common in people with zinc deficiency. Zinc supplements given to patients before surgery prevented zinc deficiency in one study, but the effect of these supplements on post-surgical health was not evaluated.\n1 Star\nProstatitis\nRefer to label instructions\nZinc has antibacterial activity and is a key factor in the natural resistance of male urinary tract infections. Supplementing with it may improve postatitis.\nIn healthy men, prostatic secretions contain a significant amount of zinc, which has antibacterial activity and is a key factor in the natural resistance of the male urinary tract infection. In CBP and NBP these zinc levels are significantly reduced; however, it is not clear whether this indicates a predisposition to, or is the result of, prostatic infection. Zinc supplements increased semen levels of zinc in men with NBP in one study,but not in another. While zinc supplements have been associated with improvement of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), according to one preliminary report, no research has examined their effectiveness for prostatitis. Nonetheless, many doctors of natural medicine recommend zinc for this condition.\n0 Stars\nCommon Cold and Sore Throat\nNot recommended due to a potenially serious side effect\nZinc nasal sprays appear to be effective at shortening the duration of cold symptoms, however, some people have experienced long-lasting or permanent loss of smell after using the spray.\nCaution: Using zinc nasal spray has been reported to cause severe or complete loss of smell function. In some of those cases, the loss of smell was long-lasting or permanent.\nZinc interferes with viral replication in test tubes. The beneficial effect of zinc nasal sprays should be weighed against the potentially serious side effect of loss of smell. Since zinc supplements are also effective and do not carry such a risk, it is more advisable to take zinc orally.\nA double-blind trial showed a 74% reduction in symptom duration in people using a zinc nasal spray four times daily, compared with the 42 to 53% reduction reported in trials using zinc gluconate or zinc acetate lozenges. The average duration of symptoms after the beginning of treatment was 2.3 days in the people receiving zinc, compared with 9.0 days in those receiving placebo. However, in another double-blind study, zinc nasal spray was no more effective than a placebo; in both groups the median duration of symptoms was seven days.\nHow It Works\nHow to Use It\nModerate intake of zinc, approximately 15 mg daily, is adequate to prevent deficiencies. Higher levels (up to 50 mg taken three times per day) are reserved for people with certain health conditions, under the supervision of a doctor. For the alleviation of cold symptoms, lozenges providing 13–25 mg of zinc in the form zinc gluconate, zinc gluconate-glycine, or zinc acetate are generally used frequently but only for several days.\nWhere to Find It\nGood sources of zinc include oysters, meat, eggs, seafood, black-eyed peas, tofu, and wheat germ.\nPossible Deficiencies\nZinc deficiencies are quite common in people living in poor countries. Phytate, a substance found in unleavened bread (pita, matzos, and some crackers) significantly reduces absorption of zinc, increasing the chance of zinc deficiency. However, phytate-induced deficiency of zinc appears to be a significant problem only for people already consuming marginally low amounts of zinc.\nEven in developed countries, low-income pregnant women and pregnant teenagers are at risk for marginal zinc deficiencies. Supplementing with 25–30 mg per day improves pregnancy outcome in these groups.1 , 2\nPeople with liver cirrhosis appear to be commonly deficient in zinc.3 This deficiency may be due to cirrhosis-related zinc malabsorption.4\nPeople with Down's syndrome are also commonly deficient in zinc.5 Giving zinc supplements to children with Down's syndrome has been reported to improve impaired immunity6 and thyroid function,7 though optimal intake of zinc for people with Down's syndrome remains unclear.\nChildren with alopecia areata (patchy areas of hair loss) have been reported to be deficient in zinc.8 , 9\nThe average diet frequently provides less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance for zinc, particularly in vegetarians. To what extent (if any) these small deficits in zinc intake create clinical problems remains unclear. Nonetheless, a low-potency supplement (15 mg per day) can fill in dietary gaps. Zinc deficiencies are more common in alcoholics and people with sickle cell anemia, malabsorption problems, and chronic kidney disease.10\nBest Form to Take\nA number of different forms of zinc are used in supplements. Zinc oxide appears to be less bioavailable than other forms, whereas zinc sulfate is not as well toler

My Blog - Colorado Springs, CO Foot Doctor\nColorado Springs Foot & Ankle Clinic\n(719) 574-9800\nFAX: 719-574-9749\nToggle navigation\n(719) 574-9800\nFAX: 719-574-9749\nHome\nDoctors\nOffice\nServices\nNew Patients\nContact Us\nPatient Portal\nPatient Education\nMy Blog\nPosts for tag: Athlete's Foot\nDealing With Athlete's Foot\nBy Colorado Springs Foot & Ankle Clinic\nJanuary 15, 2019\nCategory: Foot Care\nTags: Athlete's Foot\nAthlete's foot is one of the most common fungal infections of the skin and is frequently seen in our office. Whether you've had it or not, it's important to understand how you can avoid and treat this highly contagious infection if you do contract it.\nThe fungus that causes athlete's foot thrives in damp, moist environments and often grows in warm, humid climates, such as locker rooms, showers and public pools; hence the name \"athlete's foot. \" This infection can itch and burn causing the skin on your feet and between your toes to crack and peel.\nTips For avoiding Athlete's Foot:\nKeep your feet dry, allowing them to air out as much as possible\nWear socks that draw moisture away from your feet and change them frequently if you perspire heavily\nWear light, well-ventilated shoes\nAlternate pairs of shoes, allowing time for your shoes to dry each day\nAlways wear waterproof shoes in public areas, such as pools, locker rooms, or communal showers\nNever borrow shoes due to the risk of spreading a fungal infection\nTreatment\nA mild case of athlete's foot will generally clear up on its own with over-the-counter antifungal creams and sprays. But since re-infection is common due to its contagious nature, many people require prescribed anti-fungal medication to effectively treat the infection. Generally, it's always best to consult with your podiatrist before choosing a treatment.\nMild cases of athlete's foot can turn severe and even cause a serious bacterial infection. If you notice your rash has become increasingly red, swollen and painful or you develop blisters and sores, call our office right away. Athlete's foot left untreated could eventually spread to other body parts and infect other people around you.\nWith the right treatment, you'll be cured of your athlete's foot in no time, which means the sooner you can enjoy the activities you love without pain and irritation!\n0 Comment(s) Permalink\nPatient Education\nEducational Videos\nWhat is a Podiatrist?\nWhen To Call a Doctor\nFoot Anatomy\nOverview of Foot and Ankle Problems\nBasic Foot Care Guidelines\nFoot Problems\nGeneral Statistics\nAchilles Problems\nAchilles Tendonitis\nPeroneal Tendon Dislocation/Dysfunction\nXanthomas of the Achilles Tendon\nAnkle Problems\nAnkle Sprain\nChronic Lateral Ankle Pain\nOsteochondritis\nArch and Ball Problems\nCapsulitis\nFlat Feet (over pronation)\nMetatarsalgia (foot pain in ball)\nPlantar Fibromas (lumps in the arch of the foot)\nSesamoiditis\nCommon Foot Injuries\nAnkle Sprain Injuries\nBroken Ankle\nFractures\nOsteochondritis (stiff ankle)\nOsteochondromas\nShin Splints\nSports Injuries\nDeformities\nAmniotic Band Syndrome\nBunions\nClaw Toe\nClubfoot\nDysplasia (Epiphysealis Hemimelica)\nEnchondroma\nFlat Feet\nGordon Syndrome\nHaglund's Deformity\nHallux Limitus (Stiff Big Toe Joint)\nHallux Rigidus (Stiff Big Toe)\nHallux Varus\nHammertoes\nJackson-Weiss Syndrome\nMallet Toes\nMetatarsalgia\nOsteomyelitis (Bone Infections)\nOverlapping or Underlapping Toes\nPeroneal Tendon Dislocation/Dysfunction\nPosterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction\nSesamoiditis\nSpurs\nTarsal Coalition\nDiabetes and Your Feet\nDiseases of the Foot\nArthritis\nCancer\nCharcot Foot\nFreiberg's Disease\nGout\nKaposi's Sarcoma (AIDS related)\nKohler's Disease\nMaffucci's Syndrome\nOllier's Disease\nRaynaud's Disease\nSever's Disease\nSever's Disease\nFungus Problems\nCommon Fungal Problems\nAthlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)\nFungal Nails\nHeel Problems\nHaglund's Deformity\nHeel Callus\nHeel Fissures\nPlantar Fasciitis (heel spur)\nNail Problems\nBlack Toenails\nIngrown Toenails\nNail Fungus\nSkin Problems\nAllergies\nAthlete's Foot (tinea pedis)\nBlisters\nBurning Feet\nCalluses\nCorns\nCysts\nFrostbite\nFungus\nGangrene\nLesions\nPsoriasis\nSmelly Feet and Foot Odor\nSwelling\nUlcers\nWarts\nToe Problems\nBunions\nClaw Toe\nDigital Deformity\nHallux Limitus (stiff big toe joint)\nHallux Rigidis (rigid big toe)\nHallux Varus\nHammertoes\nIntoeing\nOverlapping, Underlapping Toes\nSubungal Exotosis (bone spur under toenail)\nTurf Toe\nVascular/Nerve Problems\nAcrocyanosis\nAlcoholic Neuropathy\nChilblains (cold feet)\nErythromelalgia\nIschemic Foot\nNeuroma\nSpasms\nVenous Stasis\nMedical Care\nDiagnostic Procedures\nComputed Tomography\nMRI\nUltrasound\nX-Rays\nOrthotics\nPain Management\nGeneral Information and Tips\nPain Management for Specific Conditions\nSurgical Procedures\nGeneral Information\nAchilles Surgery\nAnkle Surgery\nArthritis Surgery\nArthroscopy\nBunion Surgery\nCyst Removal\nFlatfoot Correction\nHammertoe Surgery\nHeel Surgery\nMetatarsal Surgery\nNerve Surgery (Neuroma)\nToe Surgery\nTherapies\nAthlete's Foot Treatment\nCryotherapy\nExtracorporeal Shock Wave\nIontophoresis\nPhysical Therapy\nNeurolysis\nFitness and Your Feet\nGeneral Information About Fitness and Your Feet\nAerobics\nFitness And Your Feet\nSports and Your Feet\nBaseball\nBasketball\nCycling\nGolf\nJogging and Running\nTennis\nStretching\nWalking and Your Feet\nWork Footwear\nFoot Care\nBasic Foot Care Guidelines\nAthletic Foot Care\nBlisters\nChildren's Feet\nCorns and Calluses\nDiabetic Foot Care\nFoot Care For Seniors\nFoot Self-Exam\nPedicures\nSelf-Assessment Quiz\nWomen's Feet\nHigh Heels\nStockings?\nPregnancy\nWomen Over 65\nYour Feet at Work\nBunion Prevention\nBurning Feet\nFungus Problems\nAthlete's Foot\nCommon Fungal Problems\nFungal Nails\nOther Tips\nPrevention\nIngrown Nails\nOsteoporosis\nFoot Odor and Smelly Feet\nPrevention\nTreating Foot Odor\nShoes\nAnatomy of a Shoe\nAthletic Shoe Guidelines\nChildren's Shoes\nCorrective and Prescription Shoes\nWhat To Look For\nGetting a Proper Fit\nMen's Shoes\nWomen's Shoes\nYour Footprint\nWear Patterns\nLinks\nGovernment\nAssociations/Groups\nOnline Resources\nFacebook\nblog\nTwitter\nCopyright © MH Sub I, LLC dba Officite\nDisclaimer\nNotice of Nondiscrimination\nPatient Privacy\nSite Map

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Common Problems and Their Solutions - Hope Rehabilitation Center\nContact Us\nToggle navigation\nHome\nAbout Us\nAbout Hope\nHistory\nAims and Objectives\nProjects\nModern Rehab Center\nLimbs For All\nServices\nArtificial Limb Solutions\nUpper Extremity Prosthetics\nLower Extremity Prosthetics\nPediatric Prosthesis\nOrthotics-Braces & Support\nUpper Extremiy Orthotics\nLower Extremity Orthotics\nSpinal Orthotics\nPediatric Orthotics\nVaricose & Anti-Embolism Stockings\nPodiatry-Footwear & Insoles\nDiabetic Shoes and Orthotics\nWound care and Pressure Relief\nInsoles and Arches\nSilicone Products\nBurn Scars\nCompression Garments\nSilicone Scar Management\nSilicone Restorations\nConsultancy Clinic\nPhysiotherapy\nOccupational Therapy\nNews & Events\nNews\nFuture Events\nSuccess Stories\nSupport Us\nDonate\nSponsor a Limb\nSponsor a Special Person\nBe a Volunteer\nPatient Info\nChoose Your Service Provider\nCommon Problems and Their Solutions\nSteps in Limb Fitting\nGlossary & List of Abbreviations\nBook An Appointment Online\nFAQ\nContact Us\nCommon Problems and Their Solutions\nHome\nNew Patients\nCommon Problems and Their Solutions\nHome\nAbout Us\nAbout HOPE\nHistory\nAims and Objectives\nProjects\nModern Rehab Center\nLimbs For All\nServices\nArtificial Limb Solutions\nUpper Extremity Prosthetics\nAmputation Levels\nFitting and Casting\nProsthetic Options\nAdvanced Technology\nLower Extremity Prosthetics\nAdvance Technology\nHip Disarticulations\nAbove Knee Limb Loss Solutions\nBelow Knee Limb Loss Solutions\nPartial Foot Prosthesis\nLower Extremity Componentry\nFeet and Ankles Prosthesis\nPediatric Prosthesis\nUpper Extremity Prosthesis\nLower Extremity Prosthesis\nOrthotics-Braces & Support\nUpper Extremiy Orthotics\nLower Extremity Orthotics\nSpinal Orthotics\nPediatric Orthotics\nVaricose & Anti-Embolism Stockings\nPodiatry-Footwear & Insoles\nDiabetic Shoes and Orthotics\nWound care and Pressure Relief\nInsoles and Arches\nSilicone Products\nBurn Scars\nCompression Garments\nSilicone Scar Management\nSilicone Restorations\nConsultancy Clinic\nPhysiotherapy\nOccupational Therapy\nNews and Events\nNews\nFuture Events\nSuccess Stories\nSupport Us\nDonate\nSponsor a Limb\nSponsor a special person\nBe A Volunteer\nPatient Info\nChoose Your Service Provider\nCommon Problems and Their Solutions\nSteps in Limb Fitting\nGlossary & List of Abbreviations\nBook An Appointment Online\nFAQ\nContact Us\nWant create site? Find Free WordPress Themes and plugins.\nList of common conditions and terms useful for you to answer questions rising in your mind.\nAAmputationAnkle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs)Achilles TendonitisAnkle PainArch PainAthlete’s FootBBrachial Plexus InjuryBack pain relief productsBall of foot pain / MetatarsalgiaBunionsCCarpal Tunnel Syndrome Charcot FootCerebral Palsy (CP)DDegenerative Joint Disease (DJD)DiabetesDiabetic FootDiabetic ShoesEEpicondylitis FFracture OrthosesFlat FeetGGolfer’s ElbowHHeel PainHeel SpursKKnee OrthosisMMetatarsalgiaOOrthosisPProsthetics – Replacements for Missing Limbs Prosthetics in PakistanP & OPolioPolio Leg BracePes CavusPhantom Pain Plantar FasciitisRRehabilitationSScoliosisStump CareStump ShrinkersSprainStrainTTennis ElbowWWalker Boots\nAmputation\nThe word amputation generally means the severing or removal of a limb or part of a limb.\nIt is important to differentiate between amputation as a result of a surgical procedure and amputation due to a traumatic accident. Amputation as a surgical procedure is usually only carried out as a last resort to save the life of a patient or when a limb is so severely diseased that no recovery is possible.\nCauses of Amputation\nSome of the reasons that make a surgical amputation necessary may be: accidents, infections, gangrene or cancer. Emergency amputations are sometimes carried out at the scene of accidents by emergency medical teams when the victims are trapped in such a way that there is no other way to save their lives. There are still a number of amputations as a punishment for certain crimes.\nLower Extremity Amputation\nUpper Extremity Amputation\nAnkle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs)\nAFOs are designed to provide support, proper joint alignment to the foot and ankle, assist or substitute for muscle weakness, and protect the foot and lower limb. This type of orthoses typically comes in either metal or plastic and come in rigid, semi-rigid and articulated.\nLower Extremity Amputation\nUpper Extremity Amputation\nAchilles Tendonitis\nAchilles Tendonitis is a condition of irritation and inflammation of the large tendon in the back of the ankle. Although it is the largest tendon in the body, it is also the weakest and most prone to injury. It is also the most injury-prone due to its limited blood supply and the enormous stress placed upon it. The condition usually occurs in middle-aged athletes. Achilles tendonitis can worsen if not treated properly, so address the problem promptly as it will not go away on its own!\nIf your calf muscles ache or your Achilles tendon feels swollen or tight, you may be suffering from the condition.\nSymptoms\nPain, irritation and stiffness of the Achilles tendon and calf\nInflammation of the Achilles tendon and surrounding area\nLimited range of movement\nCauses\nExcessive rolling inward of the foot (over-pronation) while walking is the most common cause of Achilles tendonitis\nFlat feet or collapsed arches\nShort Achilles tendon\nTight calf muscles\nHeel bone deformity\nInadequate stretching prior to activity\nImproperly fitted shoes\nInadequate arch support\nSudden increase in physical/athletic activity\nChronic overuse\nDirect trauma or injury to the tendon\nTreatment and Prevention\nIf you are suffering from Achilles Tendonitis we can help. Come in for a free fitting and our qualified staff will advise on products to help relieve your Achilles tendonitis pain.\nBear in mind that Achilles Tendonitis injuries can worsen if they are not treated properly. Achilles Tendonitis injuries can be treated in a few different ways, depending on the severity of the injury.\nProper foot support is crucial.\nAthletes, particularly runners, should incorporate a thorough stretching program to properly warm-up the muscles. They should decrease the distance of their walk or run, apply ice after the activity and avoid any uphill climbs. Athletes should use an orthotic device, heel cup, or heel cradle for extra support.\nIf you are suffering from Achilles Tendonitis, excessive stretching could make the problem worse. Light stretches on the calf can also be helpful for the condition.\nA heel cup or heel cradle elevates the heel to reduce stress and pressure on the Achilles tendon. The device should be made with light-weight, shock absorbing materials. An orthotic device can be used to control over-pronation, support the longitudinal arch, and reduce stress on the Achilles tendon.\nProper footwear help you walk properly and correct your balance can also help treat Achilles Tendonitis symptoms.\nAchilles Heel Pad\nSilicone Insoles\nSilicone arch support\nAnkle Pain\nAnkle pain refers to any pain or discomfort in the ankles that may be caused by a variety of issues, from an injury to a medical condition.\nRecommendations\nRest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. See a podiatrist to rule out a fracture or a ligament tear. Immediate treatment often results in complete healing and a return to normal function. For a recent injury, we recommend cold therapy, the Aircast ankle walker, and gel insoles. For ongoing, occasional ankle pain, we highly recommend arch supports or the ankle supports.\nShoe Recommendations\nThe high ankle shoes are designed to treat ankle varus, ankle varus is a condition where the ankles roll out, diminishing the stability and overall alignment of the body.\nDarco Body Armor Brace\nAircast Ankle Brace\nDarco Ankle Brace\nAircasat Walker Boot\nHigh Ankle Shoes\nArch Pain\nEach foot has two arches – the longitudinal arch which runs the length of the foot, and the transverse arch which runs the width. The 26 bones, ligaments & muscles of the foot, along with a tough, sinewy tissue known as the plantar fascia, provide secondary support to the foot. There are also fat pads in the foot to help with weight-bearing and absorbing impact. Arch pain can occur whenever something goes wrong with the function or interaction of any of these structures.\nCauses\nDirect force trauma, ligament sprains, muscle strains, poor biomechanical alignment, stress fractures, overuse, inflammatory arthritis, the tightness (or lack of) in the joints of the foot may all cause arch pain.\nInjury to the plantar fascia is a common cause of arch pain. The plantar fascia is the thick, connective tissue which supports the arch on the bottom of the foot. It runs from the heel forwards to the heads of the metatarsals. When the plantar fascia is damaged, the resulting inflammatory response may become a source of arch pain.\nStress fractures, plantar fasciitis, and acute and chronic arthritis are most commonly the result of repetitive micro-trauma injuries. Factors that commonly contribute to this type of injury can be running on uneven surfaces or surfaces that are too hard or too soft, wearing unsupportive shoes that have poor shock absorption qualities, or overdoing repeated bouts of exercise.\nSymptoms\nPain and tenderness associated with plantar fascia strains are usually felt on the bottom of the foot, or at the heel area. Generally, in mild cases of plantar fasciitis, the pain will decrease as the soft tissues of the foot “warm up”, but in more severe cases, pain may increase as use of the foot increases, or when the arch is stressed.\nPoint tenderness and looseness of a joint are indicators of a ligament sprain/fracture. Muscle injury may be present if pain is felt when the foot is fully extended, flexed, or turned in or out. Pain may also be felt when working the foot against resistance.\nThe tissues that compose the arch do not provide much protection. Things like stepping on a rock & other blows to the foot can result in pain, discolouration, swelling etc. These symptoms & any changes in how you walk may indicate more serious damage.\nProper evaluation and diagnosis of arch pain is essential in planning treatment. Four grades can be used to describe arch pain:\nPain during activity only\nPain before and after activity,but not affecting performance\nPain before, during, and after athletic activity which does affect performance, and\nPain so severe that performance is impossible.\nTreatment\nWhen you first begin to notice discomfort or pain in the area, you can treat yourself with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE). One of the most successful, and practical treatments recommended by doctors are orthotic devices, sometimes referred to as arch supports.\nOrthotics take various forms and are constructed of various materials, usually best recommended by your doctor to address the severity of your problem. All orthotic devices serve to improve foot function and minimize stress forces that could ultimately arch pain.\nModification of activity – e.g. substituting high impact activities like running, with cycling & swimming etc may be advised..\nPurchase new shoes – Athletic shoes lose the elastic properties of the soles through usage and age. A good rule of thumb is to replace your shoes every six months, more often if there is heavier usage.\nCustom Orthotics or Over the Counter Arch Supports may also improve the biomechanics of the foot & help ease the arch pain.\nFocus on muscle strengthening and flexibility. You may be given exercises to increase the strength and stability of the affected area and to correct muscles that may not be balanced.\nFollow up with your Doctor until you are better. They should advise on a plan for a gradual return to normal activities, once the pain is reduced and muscle strength and flexibility are restored.\nFull length Insoles\nTwo third Insoles\nCustom made arch supports/Insoles\nDarco Gentle Step Shoes\nAthlete’s Foot\nAthlete’s foot is a skin infection caused by a fungus, usually occurring between the toes or on the soles of the feet. The signs of athlete’s foot can include dry skin, itching, scaling, and blisters. Blisters often lead to cracking of the skin. When blisters break, small raw areas of tissue are exposed, causing pain and swelling.\nTreatment\nDaily washing of the feet with soap and water or quality anti-fungal soap; drying carefully, especially between the toes; and changing shoes and socks regularly to decrease moisture. Reduce perspiration by using foot powder in shoes, and wear shoes of leather or canvas, or perhaps nylon mesh, which allow good air circulation. Avoid walking barefoot and use shower shoes whenever possible.\nBrachial Plexus Injury\nIt is also called Erb’s Palsy or “Waiter’s tip” is an injury to the brachial plexus resulting in weakness or paralysis of the upper extremity. The patient often has an arm that hangs limp and is internally rotated at the shoulder. The elbow is extended but flexion of the wrist and fingers are preserved with the palm potentially facing up. This injury is common with difficult births (2-3 per 1000 births) symptoms will sometimes resolve with immobilization however, if no improvement is seen surgery is indicated.\nBack pain relief products\nAlthough the most common type of back pain comes from straining the bands of muscles surrounding the spine, it is not at all uncommon for back pain to be traced back to foot problems such as severe pronation. When your weight is improperly distributed across the feet your walking gait becomes uneven. This places greater strain on your ankles, knees, and even your lower back which over time may result in painful repetitive stress injuries. Wearing supportive shoes, especially when you exercise, or fitting your shoes with arch support inserts can be highly effective in preventing lower back pain and even relieving some lower back pain in its earliest stages.\nFor chronic or acute back pain footwear corrections alone will probably not provide adequate back pain relief. The use of a back support or back brace is recommended (and of course for persistent or severe back pain the value of a doctor’s diagnosis and treatment cannot be over-stated). Back supports and back braces allow for more ergonomic heavy lifting on the job, reduce the incidence of muscle spasms, and alleviate many types of back pain.\nBall of foot pain / Metatarsalgia\nThe metatarsal area is the region where the toes join the rest of the foot, an area often subjected to added pressure because of body weight., Metatarsalgia (commonly referred to as ball-of-foot pain)can occur in the region between the arch and the toes. Pain results when the balance between the metatarsal bones (long foot bones) is thrown off.\nMetatarsalgia foot problem can be caused by several factors, including the following:\nIncreased pressure on the metatarsal heads\nWearing constricting footwear or high heel shoes\nLigament injuries and joint irritation\nCalluses or skin lesions that cause the weight on the foot to be unevenly distributed\nAging, which tends to thin out or shift the fatty tissue of the foot pad\nActivities that place tremendous pounding on the ball of the foot, such as jogging.\nTreatment and Prevention\nThe vast majority of causes of Metatarsalgia can be alleviated or solved by the use of arch supports and better fitting shoes. Other treatments options for Metatarsalgia include:\nTaking anti-inflammatory medications can help reduce Metatarsalgia pain\nChoosing better shoes, such as low-heeled over high-heeled shoes\nAdding ball-of-foot cushions/ metatarsal pads to your shoes can reduce shock to the ball of the foot and provide cushioning to feet that have thinning fat pads\nMetatarsal pads can take pressure off very specific spots on the ball of the foot\nSilicone Metatarsal pad\nSilicone Insoles\nGentle step Shoes\nBunions\nBunions are a very common condition that affects women significantly more than men due to poorly fitted footwear. A bunion is a bony protrusion that can occur at the base of the big toe joint. This bony lump can cause friction and pain when wearing shoes. Bunions are frequently associated with inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that helps cushion the bones of the foot. Another type of bunion, called a Tailor’s bunion or bunionette, forms on the outside of the foot on or at the base of the little toe joint. Smaller than a typical bunion, it is caused when the little toe is pressed in towards the big toe. With continued displacement of the big toe towards the smaller toes, a bunion can lead to the big toe resting under or over the second toe (a common condition called overlapping toes). It also can lead to a toe muscle deformity called hammer toes.\nSymptoms\nInflammation of the affected toe joint, foot and surrounding area\nSoreness on the side of the big toe\nDiscomfort or pain when walking or wearing shoes\nCallus formation under the protrusion\nDifficulty fitting into shoes\nCauses\nExcessive rolling inward of the feet (over-pronation) while walking\nVarious arthritic, genetic and neuromuscular diseases\nAbnormal foot function\nImproperly fitted shoes\nWearing shoes with a small toe box, especially common with dress shoes and boots that taper in the toe area\nTreatment and Prevention\nIn the early stages of bunion formation, soak feet in warm water\nWear properly fitted shoes\nWear a special bunion pad such as a bunion shield, gel sleeve, or gel toe cap to restore comfortable mobility.\nYou can prevent a small bunion from becoming painful by wearing well-fitting shoes that have a roomy toebox and supplementing them with arch supports or orthotic insoles to ensure that your weight is evenly distributed across your foot.\nGel toe separators promote comfortable toe spacing and can provide relief when a person’s bunion has progressed to the point where their big toe sits above or below the toe beside it.\nWear rocker soled shoes to relieve pressure on the bunion\nWear night splints\nIf left untreated, surgery may be necessary\nCarpal Tunnel Syndrome\nCarpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which the median nerve is squeezed where it passes through the wrist. This often happens because the tendons in the wrist have become swollen and they press on the nerve. The median nerve controls some of the muscles that move the thumb and it carries information back to the brain about sensations in your thumb and fingers.\nWhen the nerve is squeezed it can cause pain, aching, tingling or numbness in the affected hand. The symptoms tend to be worse at night and may disturb your sleep, but you may notice it most when you wake up in the morning. Hanging your hand out of bed or shaking it around will often relieve the pain and tingling.\nYou may not notice the problem at all during the day, though certain activities – such as writing, typing – can bring on symptoms. Sometimes the condition can be mistaken for something else. For example, pressure on nerves in the neck due to disc problems or arthritis can cause similar symptoms. A nerve conduction test may help if there’s any doubt about the diagnosis.\nWhat causes carpal tunnel syndrome?\nCarpal tunnel syndrome is a common problem. It’s often caused by work-related activities, such as typing, and repetitive movements, although some cases may be related to arthritis of the wrist, thyroid disease and pregnancy. Your risk of developing it may be greater if your job places heavy demands on your wrist or if you use vibrating tools.\nTreatment:\nIf there’s a particular cause, like an underactive thyroid or arthritis, treating that condition may help. Other treatment will depend on how severe the nerve compression is. It’s important to get help quickly if your hand muscles are weak.\nSplints\nWearing a resting splint can help prevent the symptoms occurring at night, or a working splint can be useful if your symptoms are brought on by particular activities. Splint prevents your wrist from bending thus preventing compressing the nerve. Your doctor can advise on where you can be fitted with a splint.\nSteroid injections\nTo reduce inflammation, your doctor can give you a steroid injection into your carpal tunnel. The injection may be uncomfortable, but the effects can last for weeks or months.\nSurgery\nWhen the symptoms are severe and do not improve with above measures then surgery may be needed. A carpal tunnel release is the simple procedure involving releasing the ligament that forms the top of the tunnel on the palm side of the hand, therefore easing the pressure on the nerve.\nCharcot Foot\nCharcot foot is a sudden softening of the bones in the foot that can occur in people who have significant nerve damage (neuropathy). The bones are weakened enough to fracture, and with continued walking the foot eventually changes shape. As the disorder progresses, the arch collapses and the foot takes on a convex shape, giving it a rocker-bottom appearance, making it very difficult to walk.\nPrevention Is Key\nIn most cases of Charcot foot, only minor trauma causes the foot arch to collapse, so in order to prevent this possible outcome, it’s important to spend time examining your feet and wearing shoes that offer both comfort and support. People with Charcot foot or diabetes wear good, supportive shoes with a soft insole of micro cellular rubber to absorb shock. Extra depth oxfords are also a good choice for people suffering from Charcot foot.\nPreventive Care\nThe patient can play a vital role in preventing Charcot foot and its complications by following these measures: Diabetes patients should keep blood sugar levels under control. This has been shown to reduce the progression of nerve damage in the feet. Get regular check-ups from a foot and ankle surgeon. Check both feet every day and see a surgeon immediately if there are signs of Charcot foot. Be careful to avoid injury, such as bumping the foot or overdoing an exercise program. Follow the surgeon’s instructions for long-term treatment to prevent recurrences, ulcers and amputation.\nDiabetic Shoes\nCerebral Palsy (CP)\nIt is a term used to describe a group of disorders that affect movement control. It can be caused by injury to the brain before, during, or after birth. Cerebral palsy may be acquired after birth secondary to an accident, head injury or infections such as bacterial meningitis or viral encephalitis. Symptoms vary with each case.\nDegenerative Joint Disease (DJD)\nDJD is also referred to as osteoarthritis (OA) It may affect over 80% of people over the age of 60. Arthritis is a general term used for many conditions that result from the degenerative changes of the joint and its structures. DJD describes a slow and progressive loss of the cartilage structures that function as a shock absorber between two bones. Cartilage helps to provide a barrier and helps keep the joints flexible. Once the cartilage is thinned or lost, the constant grinding of bones against each other causes pain and stiffness around the joint. Abnormal and excess bone formations called spurs grow from the damaged bone, causing further pain and stiffness.\nDiabetes\nDiabetes is a metabolic disorder in which the body does not produce or properly utilize the hormone “insulin”. Our bodies digest food for growth and energy in the form of glucose (sugar in the blood). Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body. After digestion the glucose passes into the bloodstream where it is used by the cells for growth and energy; transportation is accomplished by insulin a hormone produced in the pancreas. The amount of insulin produced by our body is regulated by what we eat. Patients that suffer from diabetes produce too little insulin and therefore cannot process the glucose properly. When this occurs, glucose overflows into urine and is passed out of the body. This translates into a decrease of fuel to the body.\nThis disease is categorized as Type I or Type II and has a significant effect on other systems and can lead to cerebrovascular and coronary artery complications, peripheral vascular impairment; visual impairment; and peripheral and autonomic nervous system impairments. To prevent ulcerations, skin breakdown and abrasions, patients are observed carefully for signs and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, such as numbness or pain in the hands and feet, decreased vibratory sense, foot drop, and neurogenic bladder.\nDiabetic Foot\nDiabetes is a serious disease that can develop from the lack of insulin production in the body or due to the inability of the body’s insulin to perform its normal everyday functions. (Insulin is a substance produced by the pancreas gland that helps process the food we eat and turn it into energy.)\nDiabetes disrupts the vascular system, affecting many areas of the body, such as the eyes, kidneys, legs, and feet. Indeed people with diabetes should pay special attention to their feet.\nDid you know that diabetic foot wounds are the leading cause of hospitalization for diabetics?\nDiabetic feet are vulnerable to the same foot problems as other feet: blisters, bunions, calluses, corns, athlete’s foot and other common foot conditions. Diabetic feet are simply less able to meet the challenge of maintaining healthy feet when confronted with external damage and environmental stresses. It is important to remember that severe and disabling diabetic foot problems are not inevitable. Even if you have suffered from diabetic foot complications in the past, controlling your blood sugar level, wearing diabetic shoes and socks at all times, using diabetic foot care products as needed, and practicing proper diabetic foot care techniques on a daily basis can improve and preserve the health of your diabetic feet.\nGuidelines for Caring for Diabetic Feet\nPrevent and Treat Diabetic Foot Problems Before They Affect Mobility\nDiabetic foot problems are not inevitable and healthy diabetic feet are an achievable goal. There are two basic principles to a successful diabetic foot care plan: attention and prevention. Even for those who suffer from diabetic neuropathy or poor circulation, performing daily self-exams on your diabetic feet and taking immediate action at the first sign of diabetic foot complication symptoms can dramatically decrease your risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers and diabetic foot infections. Wearing diabetic shoes and socks at all times and using diabetic foot care products such as diabetic foot cream as needed, can help prevent diabetic foot injuries before they occur.\nYour Daily Diabetic Foot Care Routine\nTo maintain healthy diabetic feet, do these things every day.\nInspect your feet using our diabetic foot self-examination guidelines.\nWash your feet with warm water and mild soap.\nPat your feet dry rather than rubbing. Make sure your entire foot including the skin between your toes is dry.\nIf you have dry skin, apply a diabetic foot lotion or cream to the top and bottom of each foot. Pay special attention to heels which can become dry and cracked. Do not apply lotion or cream to the skin between the toes.\nIf your feet tend to sweat, use diabetic foot powder to prevent bacterial growth.\nWear diabetic shoes and diabetic socks at all times, even when walking around your own home.\nLook inside your shoes for pebbles, sand, and other skin irritants before putting them on.\nChange your shoes and socks at least twice a day and more frequently if your feet tend to perspire. This gives shoes a chance to air out and prevents your feet from becoming overly accustomed to a single shoe’s sole.\nHow to Self-Examine Diabetic Feet and What to Look For\nThe first thing to remember when self-examining diabetic feet is to be thorough. Examine the top, bottom, and sides of each foot as well as the heel and in between the toes. If you have trouble seeing the bottoms of your feet, diabetic foot mirrors are available to assist you.\nIf you notice the following diabetic foot problems administer first aid as needed; then contact your doctor.\nCracking skin between the toes. This is often a sign of athlete’s foot.\nUsually blisters are caused by friction, but they can also be the result of burns. Do not puncture a blister! Apply ointment and a bandage to the affected area.\nSmall Cuts. Rinse the wound. Apply antibacterial cream to the affected area and cover with gauze and hypoallergenic tape.\nDry Heels. This can lead to skin cracking which can in turn lead to diabetic foot ulcers. Apply a moisturizing diabetic foot cream or lotion. If cracks have already appeared contact your doctor immediately.\nFoot Swelling. Some diabetics use compression socks or hosieryto reduce diabetic foot swelling. This is not the right choice for all diabetic patients, so be sure to consult your doctor before beginning self-treatment.\nIf you have no open foot sores, very mild calluses can be treated using the Personal Pumi Baron damp skin. Moderate and severe calluses must be trimmed by a podiatrist.\nSores and diabetic foot ulcers.These most often occur on the ball of the foot or on the bottom of the big toe. When they occur on the sides of the foot it is usually a sign that your shoes are the wrong size. See a podiatrist for treatment immediately. If left untreated, ulcers in particular, can lead to gangrene and amputation.\nChanges in the color of skin on the feet.\nChanges in the temperature of the skin.\nIngrown or fungus-infected toenails.\nFootwear and Insoles\nDiabetic Shoes\nJust because you’re diabetic, it doesn’t mean you only have a few options when it comes to selecting fashionable diabetic shoes. At orthoshoes.com, we offer a grand selection of diabetic shoes that are not only functional and comfortable, but stylish. In addition to providing wound care and postoperative shoes for diabetics, we offer diabetic dress shoes, work shoes, boots, and other diabetic footwear that can help diabetics lead full and active lives without fearing for their feet.\nProper footwear is an important part of an overall treatment program for people with diabetes, even for those in the earliest stages of the disease. If there is any evidence of neuropathy or lack of sensation, wearing the right footwear is crucial. By working with their physician and a footwear professional, such as a certified pedorthist, many patients can prevent serious diabetic foot complications.\nObjectives\nFootwear for people with diabetes should achieve the following objectives:\nRelieve areas of excessive pressure. Any area where there is excessive pressure on the foot can lead to skin breakdown or ulcers. Footwear should help to relieve these high pressure areas, and therefore reduce the occurrence of related problems.\nReduce shock and shear. A reduction in the overall amount of vertical pressure, or shock, on the bottom of the foot is desirable, as well as a reduction of horizontal movement of the foot within the shoe, or shear.\nAccommodate, Stabilize and Support Deformities. Deformities resulting from conditions such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth, fat pad atrophy, hammertoes and amputations must be accommodated. Many deformities need to be stabilized to relieve pain and avoid further destruction. In addition, some deformities may need to be controlled or supported to decrease progression of the deformity.\nLimit motion of joints. Limiting the motion of certain joints in the foot can often decrease inflammation, relieve pain, and result in a more stable and functional foot.\nChoosing the Proper Shoes\nIf you are in the early stages of diabetes, and have no history of foot problems or any loss of sensation, any properly fitting shoe made of soft materials with a shock absorbing sole may be all that you need. It is also important for patients to learn how to select the right type of shoe in the right size, so that future problems can be prevented. The excessive pressure and friction from the wrong kind of shoes or from poorly fitting shoes can lead to blisters, calluses and foot ulcers, not only in the insensitive foot, but also in feet with no evidence of neuropathy. It is highly recommended that shoe fitting for patients with any loss of sensation be done by a professionally trained person who has vast experience.\nIn achieving proper shoe fit, both the shape and size of the shoe must be considered. You should try to match the shape of the shoe to the shape of your foot. This means that you should be sure your shoes have adequate room in the toe area, over the instep, and across the ball of the foot, and there should be a snug fit around the heel. When considering your correct shoe size, remember that the width is just as important as the length. The proper shoe size is the one where the widest part of the foot, which lies across the foot at the base of the toes, is in the widest part of the shoe. There should also be 3/8 to 1/2 inch between the end of the shoe and the longest toe. In addition, a shoe with laces is recommended to provide the adjustability needed for any swelling or other deformities and to allow the shoe to be fit properly without any danger of slipping off.\nPrescription Diabetic Footwear\nMany patients with diabetes need special footwear prescribed by a physician. Prescription footwear for patients with diabetes includes:\nHealing Shoes\nImmediately following surgery or ulcer treatment, some type of shoe may be necessary before a regular shoe can be worn. These include custom sandals (open toe), heat-moldable healing shoes (closed toe), and postoperative shoes. Visit our selection of wound care shoes.\nExtra-depth Shoes\nThe extra-depth shoe is the basis for most footwear prescriptions. It is generally an oxford-type or athletic shoe with an additional 1/4- to 1/2-inch of depth throughout the shoe, allowing extra volume to accommodate any needed inserts or orthoses, as well as deformities commonly associated with a diabetic foot. Extra-depth shoes also tend to be light in weight, have shock-absorbing soles, and come in a wide range of shapes and sizes to accommodate virtually any foot.\nExternal Shoe Modifications\nThis involves modifying the outside of the shoe in some way, such as modifying the shape of the sole or adding shock-absorbing or stabilizing materials.\nOrthoses or Inserts\nAn orthosis is a removable insole which provides pressure relief and shock absorption. Both pre-made and custom-made orthoses or inserts are commonly prescribed for patients with diabetes, including a special “total contact orthosis,” which is made from a model of your foot and offers a high level of comfort and pressure relief.. Whether a pre-made orthotic, a custom orthotic, or a prescribed orthotic is the right choice for you will depend on the severity of your foot condition.\nCustom-made Shoes\nWhen extremely severe deformities are present, a custom-made shoe can be constructed from a cast or model of the patient’s foot. These cases are rare. With extensive modifications of in-depth shoes, even the most severe deformities can usually be accommodated.\nConclusion\nHope Center takes good care of your feet and make sure you have the right foot wear. Whether you have been recently diagnosed or have had diabetes for many years, proper footwear can help prevent serious foot problems. Be sure to talk to your physician about the type of shoes, modifications and orthoses that are right for you.\nLinks to Diabetic shoes\nEpicondylitis\nIt is an inflammation or damage to the area of an epicondyle of bone. An epocondyle is a projection of bone above condyle (a rounded prominence at the end of a bone usually where the bone connects to another bone) where ligament and tendons are attached.\nFracture Orthoses\nImmobilization of Injured Area\nIt is also imperative the fracture site be immobilized while the bones are allowed to heal together in proper alignment. If motion is allowed at the onset of the rehabilitation process there is a high incidence of mal-union and/or poor reduction/alignment.\nReduction\nThis refers back to immobilization. The objective of a fracture orthosis is to maintain compression of the limb to in effect maintain alignment of the fracture.\nFlat Feet\nFlat feet can be present at birth, an early age, or can be hereditary. All too often, flat feet develop as a result of foot abuse, including wearing shoes that do not provide proper arch supports, standing or walking for long periods of time in high heels, or aging or heavy strain place on the feet. When the arch is fully collapsed or rolls inward, you have flat feet, meaning you are missing crucial arch support. People with flat fleet must therefore shift pressure from walking to other parts of the foot, which can cause intense pain. If left untreated, flat feet not only cause pain, but can lead to other more serious foot and lower body joint problems.\nRecommendation for Treatment\nFlat feet can be treated with supportive shoes and orthotics, for the shoes that support the arch. Footwear with a firm heel counter is recommended for extra support and stability.\nGolfer’s Elbow\nAlso called Medial Epicondylitis is indicated by increased pain over the inner or medial side of the elbow. It is often a result of small tears in the flexor tendons that attach at the elbow.Common symptoms include: pain over the inside of the elbow, pain when lifting, or pain when flexing and supinating (turning your palm upward)\nCommon symptoms include: pain over the inside of the elbow, pain when lifting, or pain when flexing and supinating (turning your palm upward).\nHeel Pain\nHeel pain is a very common foot pain and it can be caused by several conditions or stressors. The heel bone is the largest bone in the foot and the first to hit the ground while moving, inviting a lot of stress to the heel area. Heel pain is generally due to an incorrect walking gait that puts too much stress on the heel bone and the soft tissues attached to it. Most common in active people 40 years old and older, heel pain oftentimes develops when there is an irritation in the ligament that runs along the bottom of the foot to the heel (plantar fascia). This can cause heel pain to occur in the front, back or bottom of the heel. Most people experience heel pain due to Plantar Fasciitis, Achilles Tendonitis, heel spurs or an injury.\nChildren’s heel pain has different causes than adult heel pain. If you’re interested in learning about children’s heel pain, please visit our Sever’s disease page.\nCauses\nHeel pain is usually caused by Plantar Fasciitis, which is inflammation and strain to the plantar fascia (the ligament that runs from the toe joints to the heel). Achilles Tendonitis is inflammation of the Achilles Tendon, which creates pain at the back of the heel. A heel spur is an abnormal bone growth that occurs on the heel bone where an injury or inflammation takes place.\nHeel pain could also occur from an injury, feet repeatedly putting pressure on hard surfaces or being overweight.\nPrevention\nOrthopedic shoes with a shock-absorbing sole will protect the heel bone against injuries from hard surfaces. If you pronate incorrectly, wear arch supporting insoles and supportive shoes to correct your gait, reducing stress on your plantar fascia. Properly stretch your calves, Achilles Tendon and plantar fascia ligament in your feet to reduce chances of inflammation.\nTreatment\nPrevent and treat heel pain by wearing supportive and cushioning shoes and insoles. Insoles can be worn to support and cushion the feet, while preventing incorrect pronation which can eventually cause pain. Heel lifts will reduce the strain on the Achilles Tendon and heel cushions will soften the step for aching heels. After you feel heel pain, rest the injured foot, and use ice or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling. Use our doctor-recommended products to support your arch and foot to reduce heel pain or use our wound care products to protect your heel from stressors. If you are experiencing heel pain, have your foot evaluated by a doctor to learn about the cause and treatment options appropriate for you.\nHeel Spurs\nA heel spur is an abnormal growth of the heel bone, the largest bone in the foot which absorbs the greatest amount of shock and pressure. Calcium deposits form when the plantar fascia pulls away from the heel area, causing a bony protrusion, or heel spur to develop. The plantar fascia is a broad band of fibrous tissue located along the bottom surface of the foot that runs from the heel to the forefoot. Heel spurs can cause extreme pain in the rearfoot, especially while standing or walking.\nCauses\nOver-pronation (flat feet) is a common foot pain caused by heel spurs, but people with unusually high arches (pes cavus) can also develop heel spurs. Women have a significantly higher incidence of heel spurs due to the types of footwear often worn on a regular basis.\nThe key is to identify what is causing excessive stretching of the plantar fascia. When the cause is over-pronation (flat feet), an orthotic with rearfoot posting and longitudinal arch support will help reduce the over-pronation and thus allow the condition to heal.\nOther common treatments for heel spurs include:\nStretching exercises\nLosing weight\nWearing shoes that have a cushioned heel that absorbs shock\nElevating the heel with the use of a heel cradle, heel cup, or orthotics.\nWe offer a wide selection of foot and heel comfort products. For example, heel cradles and heel cups provide extra comfort and cushion to the heel, reducing the amount of shock and shear forces experienced from everyday activities. Visit us in store and get a free fitting and free digital foot assessment.\nKnee Orthosis\nFunctional knee orthoses are designed to aid in the stability of the knee joint secondary to ligament injury, postoperative reconstruction, meniscus damage, and for preventative protection. These orthoses are designed to provide maximum stability to the knee joint. Injury to the ligaments of the knee cause unwanted motion between the femur and the tibia. If left untreated, this can create significant joint laxity, lead to degenerative joint changes and put the patient at risk for further injury and cause subsequent damage to the surrounding structures. Functional knee orthoses can be made by the patient’s measurements or by a custom model of the patient’s leg.\nknee braces\nMetatarsalgia\nThe metatarsal area is the region where the toes join the rest of the foot, an area often subjected to added pressure because of body weight., Metatarsalgia (commonly referred to as ball-of-foot pain)can occur in the region between the arch and the toes. Pain results when the balance between the metatarsal bones (long foot bones) is thrown off.\nMetatarsalgia foot problem can be caused by several factors, including the following:\nIncreased pressure on the metatarsal heads\nWearing constricting footwear or high heel shoes\nLigament injuries and joint irritation\nCalluses or skin lesions that cause the weight on the foot to be unevenly distributed\nAging, which tends to thin out or shift the fatty tissue of the foot pad\nActivities that place tremendous pounding on the ball of the foot, such as jogging.\nTreatment and Prevention\nThe vast majority of causes of Metatarsalgia can be alleviated or solved by the use of arch supports and better fitting shoes. Other treatments options for Metatarsalgia include:\nTaking anti-inflammatory medications can help reduce Metatarsalgia pain\nChoosing better shoes, such as low-heeled over high-heeled shoes\nAdding ball-of-foot cushions/ metatarsal pads to your shoes can reduce shock to the ball of the foot and provide cushioning to feet that have thinning fat pads\nMetatarsal pads can take pressure off very specific spots on the ball of the foot\nSilicone Metatarsal pad\nSilicone Insoles\nGentle step Shoes\nOrthosis\nAn orthopedic appliance or apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body. Orthoses are also called braces or calipers. Plural orthoses\nOrthoses are named according to what bones, joints, portion or the body they encompass:\nSpinal/Neck/Back\n• CO = Cervical orthosis or neck brace\n• LSO = Lumbo-sacral orthosis = back support\n• TLSO = Thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthosis = back support/body brace\nLower Extremity\n• AFO = Ankle foot orthosis\n• FO = Foot orthosis = foot insert or foot orthotic\n• HKAFO = Hip knee ankle foot orthosis\n• KO = Knee orthosis or knee brace\n• KFO = Knee ankle foot orthosis\nUpper Extremity\n• HO = Humeral orthosis\n• EO = Elbow orthosis\n• WO = Wrist orthosis\n• WHO = Wrist hand orthosis\n• SEWHO = Shoulder elbow wrist hand orthosis\nOrthotic Services\nProsthetics – Replacements for Missing Limbs\nProsthetics is the term used for all aids, which replace missing limbs or body parts. They are employed whenever a physical deficit needs to be compensated for, after for example the amputation of a body part caused through accident (trauma), vascular diseases, diabetes, congenital disorders, cancer or degenerative tissue disease. Prosthetics have a very wide range of applications, from replacement fingers to artificial legs. They vary greatly in appearance and in use. What was in the past a simple peg-leg, is today a highly specialized and individually tailored high tech carbon fiber prosthetic leg, sometimes with the refinement of knee joint controlled by a micro-processor. There have also been remarkable developments in the field of arm prosthetics. Steel and leather prosthetics, which are operated by means of belts and muscle movement alone, are now being replaced by myoelectric devices, incorporating small battery driven motors to carry out hand functions. Naturally, there are still wood and leather prosthetics around, but these are becoming rarer. New low weight materials (i.e. carbon fiber) with better functionality or with a more lifelike and natural appearance (silicon cosmetic covers) have greatly improved conditions for prosthetic wearers. The level of amputation and needs and abilities of the patient are paramount in deciding which prosthesis is most suitable for each individual. Training in the care and use of the prosthesis by specially trained therapists is essential.\nRecognized leader in Pakistan\nThe Hope Rehabilitation Center offers a full range of prosthetic/orthotic services. It is a recognized leader in improving the lives of people with disabilities through the use of the latest in prosthetic and orthotic technology.\nAdult Upper Extremity Prosthetics\nAdult Lower Extremity Prosthesis\nPediatric Prosthetics\nProsthetics in Pakistan\nThe Hope Rehabilitation Center offers a full range of prosthetic/orthotic services. It is a recognized leader in improving the lives of people with disabilities through the use of the latest in prosthetic and orthotic technology.\nInnovative Technology & Traditional Quality of ‘HOPE’\nHope’s modern facility is a key to providing best quality and superior patient care. We offer innovative technology and quality treatment combined with a professional “patient friendly” and respectful environment. Or patients and referring professionals continually comment to our staff that our facilities are the most professional, comfortable, and friendly they have ever visited. Such unique experiences are the essence of Hope Orthotic and Prosthetic Systems.\nOur facility is managed by dedicated practitioners/partners who have spent years obtaining a formal education in medicine, surgery and engineering and expanding their knowledge by regularly attending continuing education programs. We stress on intensive continuing education for the entire staff. We regularly conduct in-service lectures and demonstrations for our practitioners and other members of the rehabilitation team at our facilities or in clinic or hospital settings.\nIn order for our referring physicians and patients we have 24-hour access to our staff. And true to our national tradition, neither snow nor rain deters us since most of our staff is equipped with at least one drive vehicle and also we have a mobile workshop unit.\nOur location is close to the most prestigious hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes in its area.\nWe are proud of our professional stature in the communities we serve and we have a close working relationship with our affiliating physicians, physical therapists, and rehabilitation team participants.\nNew components, innovative techniques, creative designs, and advanced technologies are all part of the compassionate, goal-oriented treatment each patient receives at House of Orthotic & Prosthetic Excellence (HOPE).\nP & O\nProsthetics and orthotics combines knowledge and understanding of the human body with the application of forces and evaluation of mechanical components. Central to prosthetics and orthotics is the prosthetic and/or orthotic user and their psychological, social and cultural needs.\nProsthetics and orthotics is an autonomous profession and practice is characterised by reflection and systematic clinical reasoning, which combine to provide a problem solving approach to patient-centred care.\nPROSTHETISTS & ORTHOTISTS\nProsthetists and orthotics assess, diagnose, treat, and manage a broad range of problems associated in particular with the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems. They work collaboratively with other health-care professionals to provide integrated treatment.\nProsthetists provide prosthetic management for people who have an amputation or congenital loss of a limb. People can lose their limbs due to diseases such as diabetes, vascular disease, cancer or trauma. Some other people are born without a limb. Prosthetists analyse the mechanical loss and prescribe the most suitable prosthesis to meet these requirements.\nOrthotists provide orthotic management for people with a wide range of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, cerebral palsy, diabetes, and strokes. These conditions can affect all parts of the body from the feet up to the head. Orthotists assess the patient’s needs, diagnose the problem and treat the patient by prescribing the most suitable orthosis to meet these requirements.\nPolio\nPoliomyelitis, commonly referred to as polio, is an incurable acute viral infection. If the virus enters the central nervous system, it can cause muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis to affected muscle groups. Spinal polio is most common, and often directly affects muscle groups in the feet and legs. One in every 200 persons infected with polio leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs). Among those paralysed, 5%-10% die when their breathing muscles are immobilized by the virus.\nThere is no cure for polio. Polio can only be prevented by immunization. A safe and effective vaccine exists – the oral polio vaccine (OPV). OPV is essential protection for children against polio. Given multiple times, it protects a child for life.\nTremendous achievements have been made in the global fight against polio since 1988 when the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate the disease. The number of polio cases worldwide has decreased by more than 99%, from more than 350,000 in 1988 to 223 cases in 2012. The number of endemic countries has decreased from over 125 in 1988 to just three – Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan.\nWhile polio is essentially a disease of the past, an increasing number of people who have had polio are developing a condition called post-polio syndrome (PPS).\nPost-polio syndrome (PPS) can cause a wide range of symptoms which can have a serious impact on everyday life. Fatigue, muscle weakness and muscle and joint pain are just some symptoms that are experienced by polio suffers.\nPolio Leg Brace\nPoliomyelitis, commonly referred to as polio, is an incurable acute viral infection. If the virus enters the central nervous system, it can cause muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis to affected muscle groups. Spinal polio is most common, and often directly affects muscle groups in the feet and legs.\nWhile polio is essentially a disease of the past, an increasing number of people who have had polio are developing a condition called post-polio syndrome (PPS).\nThe symptoms of PPS usually develop gradually and can include:\nincreasing muscle weakness\nfatigue\nmuscle and joint pain\nbreathing or sleeping problems\nsensitivity to the cold\nAlthough PPS is rarely life threatening, it can greatly interfere with everyday life, making it difficult to get around or carry out some tasks and activities.\nThe damage to the nervous system from polio can range from a slight loss of mobility to permanent paralysis of the thigh muscles. Physiotherapy combined with treatment with an orthosis can help the person affected to regain the greatest possible mobility and independence following acute illness.\nPolio leg braces can assist a patient in strengthening weak joints, helping to keep the feet and legs in the correct positions, and in preventing deformation and development or recurrence of muscle contractions. They are available in a variety of styles and materials to target various muscle groups and meet the needs of the individual patient. The most common types are\nAnkle-foot orthosis ( AFO )\nKnee-ankle-foot orthosis ( KAFO )\nHip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis ( HKAFO )\nAnkle-foot orthosis (AFO) braces attach just below the knee and keep week ankles from rolling. Knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) braces are full leg braces that fit around the top of the leg to stabilize knee muscles. Hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (HKAFO) braces add an additional corrective belt around the hips to force correct alignment of the legs.\nPhantom Pain\nPlantar Fasciitis\nDo you suffer from intense heel or arch pain? It could be Plantar Fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis is a very painful injury, and the most common cause of heel pain. The plantar fascia is a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom surface of the foot connecting the heel bone to the ball of the foot. Excessive stretching of the tissue while running or walking can cause tiny tears that lead to irritation, inflammation and pain on the bottom of the heel, the arch of the foot or both locations. If left untreated, plantar fasciitis can cause other conditions like heel spurs. Our heel bone is the largest bone in the foot and absorbs the most amount of shock and pressure. Plantar fasciitis is most painful with your first steps in the morning or after a long rest because the plantar fascia contracts and becomes less flexible while you are off your feet. Just like muscle tissue, the plantar fascia contracts and becomes less flexible when it is cold and inactive. The pain may decrease as the day progresses and the plantar fascia is stretched and warmed up with use. However, the pain may return after long periods of standing, walking or running. This is especially common if you are wearing shoes with inadequate arch support.\nCauses\nWith Plantar fasciitis, the bottom of your foot usually hurts either on the heel just slightly inward from the center (which is the most common area of pain), or in the arch of your foot (less common), or in both places. The pain is often acute either first thing in the morning or after standing up after being off your feet for a while. Just like muscles, when the plantar fasciia is cold and inactive, it contracts and becomes less flexible. This is what makes that first step out of bed or after resting so painful. After you walk for a while, the tissue warms up making it more pliable and the pain often subsides somewhat.\nIntense pain in the heel and/or arch (of one foot or both)\nPain with first steps in the morning or after long periods of rest.\nOver-pronation, or excessive rolling inward of the foot while walking, is the most common cause of plantar fasciitis.\nTight calf muscles or Achilles tendons, the band of tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone\nFlat feet or high arches\nImproperly fitted shoes\nInadequate arch support\nStanding, walking or running for long periods, especially on hard surfaces\nExcess body weight\nTreatment and Prevention\nThere are many ways to help treat and prevent plantar fasciitis:\nStretch your feet and legs regularly, especially before standing after long periods of rest\nElevate the injured foot\nIce and massage your foot\nWear a night splint to keep plantar fascia stretched\nChoose low-impact alternatives to jogging or aerobics\nLose excess body weight\nAdd gel heel cups\nAdd arch supports to your shoes\nReplace shoes that don’t fit or provide adequate arch support\nOrthotics and Splimts\nSupportive athletic, casual or dress shoes\nRocker soled shoes\nCustom arch supports (orthotics)\nOver-the-counter arch supports (orthotics)\nNight splints\nMassage tube\nFoot massage balls\nSilicone heel pads\nPes Cavus\nDefinition\nA foot with an excessively high arch.\nOverview\nPes cavus occurs in up to 15% of the population, of which 60% will develop foot pain. Common complaints associated with pes cavus include pain under the metatarsal heads and the heel, lateral ankle sprains, and footwear issues. Custom orthoses should be designed to address the pathomechanics of problematic cavus foot based on the evidence in the literature.\nClinical Goal for Orthotic Treatment\nThe orthosis for the treatment of pes cavus foot must accomplish several specific goals:\nIncrease plantar surface contact area.The overload on the metatarsal heads is a result of limited plantar surface contact due to the high arch and limited ankle joint dorsiflexion. Increasing plantar surface contact with an orthosis ensures that more of the foot is bearing weight in the arch and the metatarsal heads are bearing less weight for less time.\nResist excessive supination. Lateral ankle instability and a laterally deviated subtalar joint axis (STJ) are frequently associated with high arched feet. This lateral position of the STJ axis results in excessive supinatory torque around the subtalar joint axis. The prescribed orthosis should be designed to resist this excessive supination.\nResist both excessive pronation and supination forces. Rearfoot instability is an extension of the laterally deviated subtalar axis. However, in flexible pes cavus feet, midtarsal flexibility complicates the later portion of the stance phase of gait. The forefoot pathology produces midtarsal joint supination that leads to excessive pronation of the rearfoot. Some pes cavus feet suffer from both lateral ankle instability at midstance and rearfoot pronation at late midstance. It is essential that the prescribed orthoses is designed to provide resistance to both excessive pronation and supination forces.\nRehabilitation\nRehabilitation includes all measures aimed at reducing the impact of disabling and handicapping conditions and enabling the disabled and handicapped to achieve “Social Integration”. This aim can never be achieved if different professionals work in isolation. So it is of paramount important that all professionals responsible for the rehabilitation of disables, work in close collaboration as a “Team”.\nScoliosis\nScoliosis is abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine. The spinal curve may develop as a single curve (shaped like the letter C) or as two curves (shaped like the letter S). In children and teens, scoliosis often does not have any noticeable symptoms and may not be noticeable until it has progressed significantly. The two most common forms are degenerative and idiopathic scoliosis (adolescent).\nAdolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) affects children during adolescent growth periods. The cause is unknown, hence it is called idiopathic. It is usually painless and affects both boys and girls. Girls tend to be associated more with AIS as it progresses to need treatment, either a scoliosis brace or surgery, more frequently in girls.\nDiagnosis\nScoliosis is usually detected by the school nurse, doctor or parents before the child is diagnosed by an orthopedic or scoliosis specialist.\nDiagnosis is usually made by the doctor after radiological (X-ray) tests have been done to show the location of the curve apex, the angle of curvature (Cobb angle) and the skeletal maturity (Risser score). These results will lead the doctor to determine the prescribed treatment. As a rule of thumb doctors will use the following table as a guide.\nMost people have some curvature of the spine and a Cobb angle of 10 or less is considered ‘normal’.\nTreatment\nThree orthopedically approved options exist for combating scoliosis: observation, bracing, or surgery.\nCobb Angle Treatment\n<25 degrees Observation and follow up\n20-45 degrees Scoliosis Brace\n>40 degrees Surgery\nThe Goal of Bracing\nA scoliosis curve usually does not improve without surgery. However, studies have shown that wearing a scoliosis brace as prescribed can often prevent the progression of scoliosis. As such, wearing a brace can be an effective way to keep a scoliosis curve’s Cobb angle relatively small and manageable.\nA scoliosis curve that is 50 degrees by the time an adolescent reaches skeletal maturity (about age 14 or 15 for girls and 16 or 17 for boys) will continue to progress throughout adulthood.\nThese types of curves are likely to become a severe deformity that requires surgery. Therefore, the goal of bracing is to avoid a major surgery by either stopping curve progression altogether or at least preventing it from reaching 40 or 50 degrees at the time of skeletal maturity.\nHow Bracing Works\nBracing treatment aims to apply corrective forces on the spine to release load on the concave (inner) part of the curve and increase load on the convex (outer) part of the curve.\nThe idea is that a bone experiencing compression will grow less and a bone experiencing distraction (less or no compression) may grow more. Bracing tries to slow down the scoliosis curve’s bone growth on the side that needs to be slowed, and speed up growth on the side that needs to speed up.\nWhile bracing will not typically reverse or correct with bracing, it can slow or reduce any progression of the curve until the child reaches skeletal maturity. After this point, the bones are unlikely to so the curve is unlikely to progress (provided it is less than 40 degrees).\nThe exact mechanisms of bracing are still being studied. However, literature indicates that the brace needs to be rigid (hard) in order to apply strong and consistent pressure on the scoliosis curve to have an effect.\nHope provides custom made Scoliosis brace which are made of special plastic to apply strong consistent pressure against the lateral curve.\nLink to Scoliosis brace\nStump Care\nThe goals in caring for the stump are to maintain a good shape and good position for fitting an artificial limb. This means taking active steps to:\navoid swelling\nkeep the full range of motion (prevent contractures)\nmaintain strength\nAfter operation, it’s crucial to remember these important factors for the health of your residual limb:\nProperly position and move the residual limb\nMake sure that the residual limb is in the correct position. This helps to prevent muscle tightening, which would ultimately prevent a full range of motion upon healing. Avoid spending a lot of time with the arm or leg hanging down. A newly amputated limb should be kept lifted high up most of the time.\nRehabilitation, including stretching and strengthening of residual muscles\nWith the help of rehabilitation exercises, the muscles in your residual limb can remain limber. Doing those exercises will help prevent contracture, which is the shortening and tightening of the residual muscles.\nDesensitization to the amputation site\nShortly after the amputation site has healed, the skin in that area will be very sensitive to touch. For some, this sensation can even be painful. Desensitization of the area can help to keep those issues to a minimum. Rubbing the area, and gently touching it can help to desensitize the skin. Over time, as the amputation site begins to desensitize, increased pressure can help prepare you for prosthesis fitting.\nShaping of the residual limb, with the use of a compression bandage and shrinker sock\nOnce the wound has healed, the limb is most likely still going to be swollen. To reduce swelling, and be sure that it will fit into the socket of a prosthesis (or prosthetic limb), it must be “shaped” with the use of compression bandage or shrinker sock. The shrinker sock, also known as a compression stocking, is a tapered sock that will apply pressure evenly to the bottom of the residual limb, helping to reduce swelling. The sock should be worn as often as possible.\nDaily care and hygiene of the residual limb\nPreventing infection and skin problems can easily be done with daily hygiene for the residual limb. Wash it at least once a day, and scrub it gently with a washcloth, mild antibacterial soap, and warm water. Be sure that the limb is dried completely, this will help keep moisture from being trapped beneath the shrinker sock. Each day, wear a clean shrinker sock. These socks can be washed with mild soap and warm water, rinsed, and air dried.\nStump Shrinkers\nAt some point after your surgery, your healthcare providers will discuss several things with you including the use of shrinkers, desen

Real Food Market & Deli Migraine\nMy Account\nContact Us\nHome\nHot Food Bar Menu\nAbout Us\nNews & Features\nFind A Practitioner\nEvents Calendar\nReference Library\nHealth Calculators\nDelicious Living\nHealthy Recipes & Coupons\nIngredient Glossary\nHealth-E-Coupons\nMigraine : Alternative Migraine Therapies\nDrs. Kay Judge and Maxine Barish-Wreden\nHeadaches, including migraine and tension-type headaches, are a huge medical concern in the United States, affecting more than 45 million Americans.\nWhile some people are affected by headaches only intermittently, many have frequent debilitating symptoms that lead to work absences and loss of income.\nThe American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society recently published new guidelines for the prevention of migraine headaches, and the updated guidelines now endorse the use of several alternative therapies to help keep migraine headaches at bay.\nThe botanical supplement that received the most attention in the new guidelines is Petadolex, which is the herb butterbur. Studies have shown that 75 mg of Petadolex taken twice daily can reduce the frequency, duration and intensity of migraine headaches by close to 50 percent, which is comparable to many of the prescription medications used to prevent migraines.\nButterbur seems to work by reducing spasms in arteries in the brain; it also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. Butterbur is also effective in reducing allergy symptoms, so if you have both migraine headaches and allergies, butterbur would be a good choice for you.\nIt is generally well tolerated, though in sensitive people it may actually cause headaches and allergic-type symptoms, especially in those who are allergic to ragweed, marigolds and similar plants. The main concern with butterbur however is that if not prepared properly, it can be contaminated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are carcinogenic; they can also cause liver and kidney damage.\nIf you try butterbur, be sure to purchase a product that says \"PA-Free,\" like Petadolex. Data suggest that Petadolex is safe in kids ages 6-17; it is not recommended in pregnancy or during lactation, however.\nOther supplements may also help to prevent migraine headaches; magnesium is probably one of the best. Many people in the U.S. are felt to be magnesium-deficient, either from poor diet or from the daily consumption of stomach acid medications and diuretics.\nCoffee, alcohol, soda and salt can also lower magnesium levels. The dose that seems to be the most effective for headache prevention is 600 mg of magnesium taken at bedtime. If you are prone to loose stools, look for magnesium glycinate or magnesium gluconate, which are less likely to cause diarrhea. If you have kidney disease, do not take high-dose magnesium supplements without talking with your doctor.\nCoenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) may also reduce headaches, usually by about 30 percent; studies have shown that 100 mg three times daily is the effective dose; kids need smaller doses. The main side effect from Coenzyme Q10 is on your wallet - it's expensive. Melatonin may also be useful for both migraines and cluster headaches; doses range from 3 to 10 mg at bedtime.\nFeverfew has been one of the most popular herbs used to prevent migraines, though it may not work that well in capsule form. In England however, people traditionally chew two to three fresh feverfew leaves per day to prevent migraines, and in one study more than 70 percent of patients using feverfew in this way had reduced headaches.\nAnother treatment that can work wonders for migraine headaches is acupuncture. A review article published in 2009 by the well-respected Cochrane Collaboration suggested that acupuncture was at least as effective, and possibly even more effective, for migraine prevention than standard drug treatments, and it has fewer side effects to boot. Many alternative therapies take two to three months to take full effect, so be patient if you elect to try one of these.\nAnd finally, don't forget about lifestyle changes. Stress is a huge trigger for migraine headaches, and daily relaxation techniques like biofeedback and meditation can be very helpful in reducing headache recurrence. Stick to a schedule of regular healthy meals and snacks, and don't skimp on sleep. With a healthy lifestyle and the addition of a few herbs and supplements, you should be able to significantly reduce your risk of migraines.\n(Drs. Kay Judge and Maxine Barish-Wreden are medical directors of Sutter Downtown Integrative Medicine program in Sacramento, Calif. Have a question related to alternative medicine? Email [email protected].)\n©2012 The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, Calif.) Distributed by Mclatchy-Tribune News Service.\nAllergies\nAnti-Aging\nArthritis\nAsthma\nBlood Pressure\nBone Health\nCancer\nChronic Pain\nDepression\nDiabetes\nDigestion\nEye Sight\nHealthy Kids\nHearing\nHeart\nLung Health\nMen's Health\nMenopause\nOral Health\nPregnancy\nSenior Health\nSleep\nStress\nWeight\nWeight Management\nWomen's Health\nHealthy Living Marketplace\nHome | Hot Food Bar Menu | About Us | Events Calendar | Reference Library | Healthy Recipes & Coupons | My Email Subscription | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use\nAll contents © Copyright 1999-2019 Genius Central and Real Food Market & Deli. All rights reserved. This internet site is hosted by Genius Central, a Web site service provider to natural health stores nationwide. Genius Central and Real Food Market & Deli have no means of independently evaluating the safety or functionality of the products offered by their suppliers and affiliates and thus can neither endorse nor recommend products. Information presented is of a general nature for educational and informational purposes only. Statements about products and health conditions have not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. Products and information presented herein are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease. If you have any concerns about your own health, you should always consult with a physician or other healthcare professional. Your use of this site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms and Conditions

2019-04-21T20:38:35Z

"http://www.realfoodstore.com/promog/ConditionCenter.asp?ConditionID=24&ArticleID=306&StoreID=A23ATS5R38S92L980G03N0ET959GCSTA"

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Google+ Magnetic Copper Bracelets - Magnetic Bracelets\nexclusive offers 5% Off on Order $199 to $399, 10% Off on Order $400 & above + Free Gift With all orders above $150\nHome\nAbout us\nShipping and delivery\nFAQ's\nContact Us\nSelect International Language French German Italian Portuguese Spanish Russian Japanese Korean English\nMy shopping cart\nProceed to checkout\nCatalog\nGemstones\nGemstone Beads\nBeads\nSilver Beads\nSilver Jewelry\nFashion Jewelry\nHandicrafts\nHome Furnishings\nWomens Clothing\nWholesale Lots\nFashion Accessories\nMens Footwear\nCopper Bracelets\nHandicapped Shoes\nHi zenamart,\nThe necklace were received promptly & I was very pleased.I would recommend this vendor.It was a gift for my aunt’s birthday & she wanted multi stone necklace. This was a perfect match for her wish listand very affordable as well.\nLisa\nUSA\nHello Ms Puja,\nI am a returning customer at zenamart i really impresed with its products recoment zenamart again.\nEthan\nUSA\nHello zenamart.com,\nGreat seller! Quality Item, very beautiful, THANK YOU! Fast delivery, Reccomend A++\nAasim\nAfrica\nHi zenamart\nThe product quality is nice, price is reasonable and the shipping was quick!\nCheng\nChina\nHi zenamart\nThe product quality is nice, price is reasonable and the shipping was quick!\nEthan\nUSA\nHello zenamart\nToday i recived my skirt wow/ very very Happy with it thanks zenamart i timely recieved my product.\nLuciana\nItaly\nHi zenamart\nWonderful silk bed sheet and fast shipping. The wife loves it. Thanks :-)\nJoseph\nUSA\nHi zenamart\nBeautiful beads! Thanks for the excellent service and fast, reasonable shipping! A+\nRyan\nUSA\nHi zenamart\nProduct as expected, very fast delivery time.great all round, would recommend to all, Cheers\nLisa\nUSA\nShare |\nUntitled Document\nHome : Fashion Accessories : Copper Bracelets :\nUnisex Magnetic Copper Power Golf Bracelet\nCopper Bracelet2\nPrice: $3.99\nSize: Fully Adjustable, one size fits all.\nQuantity:\n<< Prev\nNext>>\nProduct Description\nThis is a Beautiful Handcrafted Copper Bangle/ Bracelet will fit most adults. It is designed to be adjusted to fit by careful bending. This is handcrafted in India and is a really stunning looking bracelet it would make a lovely gift for somone!!\nPlease note: Due to the bracelet being handcrafted in India some bracelet might have slight surface imperfections.\nWearing a copper bracelet may leave a green residue on your skin. This is normal because copper is absorbed from your magnetic bracelet though your skin this is usually easily washed off.\nUnisex Magnetic Copper Power Golf Bracelet\nThis Copper Unisex Bracelet will bring the healing energy of copper while invoking the mercy and guidance of Sri Shirdi Sai baba . Copper is believed to help with arthritis and joint pain.\nINR : 150 Rs /- With Free Home Delivery in India\nSize : Fully Adjustable, one size fits all.\nQuantity : 1 Piece\nClasp : No clasp\nBrand : Handmade\nColor : As shown in picture\nShip : Withing 2 days\nShipping : Free Shipping ( India Customer out of india please contact us for shipping )\nWhat Are The Benefits Of Wearing Copper Bracelets\nWearing a copper bracelet is beneficial to people suffering inflammatory afflictions such as arthritis and rheumatism. Copper deficiencies are common in arthritic patients, many not reaching their daily recommended intake of 1.5 to 3 mgs. Dietary copper is not as readily absorbed as copper gaining access to the bloodstream through the wearing of a copper bracelet.\nWearing copper bracelets has many positive effects on the health of an individual. Copper bracelet benefits, on the overall body system, can be availed with the regular use of these wristbands.\nCopper is one of the metals in the Earths crust and has a number of applications. Copper was also used as a medicinal therapy in parts of the world, for many centuries. The body needs approximately 1.5 to 3 mg, as recommended by physicians. However, this requirement is not fulfilled by dietary intake of copper and the person ended suffering from copper deficiency. Since copper does not get assimilated into the body as easily, copper bracelets came into existence. Apart from bracelets, copper can be donned in the form of rings and chains. In this manner, copper would be readily absorbed into the bloodstream and address the problem. The first time copper bracelets were used was in ancient Egypt from many centuries. From there, this practice has been followed in other parts of the globe and even doctors advice people to use this method of healing. Wearing a copper bracelet is known to provide relief from maladies. Copper bracelets can be purchased from holistic healing centers and health food stores. Read further for more information regarding the beneficial uses of copper bracelets and their effect on the body.\nBenefits of Wearing Copper Bracelets\nCopper bracelet therapy has proved to be beneficial in treating a number of ailments. Using copper bracelet for pain caused due to arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, is an excellent remedial measure. This conventional method of treatment has been adopted across various cultures and has a placebo effect. Here are some of the benefits of wearing a copper bracelet.\n* One of the advantages of wearing a copper wristband is that the mineral is easily absorbed in the body. This helps fight copper deficiency, which affects the body in many ways. As the body perspires, sweat is produced and the microminerals like iron and zinc in the copper band combine with it. The body may reabsorb the sweat and in this manner, these minerals enter the bloodstream and yield positive results. A constant low dosage of these minerals strengthen the tissues and joints.\n* It has been proven that a deficiency of copper in the body can weaken the muscles and joints. As the person ages, the copper content in the body begins to drop resulting in the individual suffering from arthritis and other joint problems. Using copper bracelets for arthritis are effective in reducing the inflammation and pain in the joints. Hence physicians recommend copper bracelets to arthritis patients for significant relief from this joint disorder, without unwanted any side effects.\n* You can reduce the stiffness of joints by wearing copper wristbands. The copper absorbed into the body through the process of transdermal micronutrition helps reduce the stiffness in the joints, as seen in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The joints also become flexible thereby attributing free, effortless movement sans pain.\n* Once the copper enters the bloodstream it begins its action and also balances the amount of zinc in the blood. The molecules of copper attach themselves to the enzymes and trigger the production of hemoglobin. This aids in the repair of the tissues and also heals any internal damage in the body system. An increased hemoglobin also helps strengthen the immune system and prevents the occurrence of a number of infections and diseases.\n* Wearing a copper bracelet also has a number of positive effects on the cardiovascular system. Copper is known to control erratic blood pressure, which may cause damage to the arteries, and also give rise to aneurysms. All these factors can damage the heart which can prove life-threatening. Teamed with proper diet and exercise, copper bracelets help prevent cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, strokes or heart attacks.\nCopper Bracelet benefits - medicinal, pain relief and others\nCopper Bracelets & Health - Amazing Health Benefits Revealed!\nNot Suitable for:\n* Pregnant women.\n* Anyone using a pacemaker or any other electrical implants.\n* Anyone using an insulin pump.\n* Using on open wounds.\nJoint Stiffness\nThe use of copper bracelets centers on reducing the joint pain and stiffness associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. For believers, this translates into more freedom of movement and joint flexibility. Although worn on the wrist, manufacturers report the bracelets are beneficial to stiff joints throughout the entire body.\nJoint Pain\nIn addition to easing joint stiffness, adherents wear copper bracelets to reduce the pain associated with arthritis. While theories as to why copper bracelets are beneficial vary, the \"Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine\" mentions that some advocates claim the copper emits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Although no scientific evidence backs this up, some bracelet wearers report feeling better after using the copper bracelets.\nMagnetic Copper Bracelets - Magnetic Bracelets\nRelated Products\nPayment Options : Paypal,Credit Card,Bank Wire.\nEstimated Delivery Time : We Generally ships within 5-15 days after receiving cleared payment.\nShip to Worldwide : First class international courier like DHL, UPS, EMS, TNT, Express Mail\nFacebookTwitterYouTubeRSSGooglePlus\nCopyright © 2013 zenamart.com all rights reserved. Best Viewed in 1024 x 768 on Firefox 3.6.9 or Internet Explorer 8.0 Site Map\nGemstones | Gemstone Beads | Lac Jewelry | Elevator Shoes | Wholesale Lots | Handicrafts | Lakh Jewelry

2019-04-25T00:15:11Z

"http://zenamart.com/index.php?productID=13066"

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Bari Mia |\nBari Mia\nContact Us\nThe Best Tools And Products For Getting Rid Of Cellulite\nMarch 30, 2013 No comments\nSaying goodbye to your cellulite is certainly difficult if you don’t have the right tool to do so. You may be informed about the great products present in the market, however, you don’t know which one will likely help you a lot.\nMost of the time, people settle with the poor choice accidentally. This is caused by their habit of taking everything for granted. You have to be reminded that it is all about evaluation. You have to give way to comparison and real facts, not just the first page statements to evaluate the product.\nThere are various products that will likely help you improve your skin away from cellulite. There are already trusted brands that help you purchase an effective solution under $10.\nFurthermore, the cellulite products are promoted by experts to ensure that they are safe and efficient at the same time.\nIn order to provide you a variety of products made for cellulite, here are the following:\nElemis Skin Brush\nThis is a product sold at $44. This is a product made of cactus bristles. The purpose of the product is to slough off the dead cells on your skin.\nAs a result, it helps in revealing the healthy or new layer of your skin. You will use this before taking a shower. You simply buff it off your dry skin from your feet up. It may hurt, but it really softens the skin effectively and it is worth it.\nBiotherm Celluli Roller\nThis is another product that may give you an unlikely sensation while being used. It is available with wobbly bits that roll on your skin.\nThe product works by pinching and leaving red track marks. It is certainly a perfect product that improves the skin like no other.\nNivea Good-bye Cellulite\nThis is a product that fights away cellulite and it smoothes the skin as well. It is in the form of sticky gel and it dries on the thighs.\nThe feeling is very light and it is sold with pills claimed to help metabolize your fats.\nGalenic Elancyl Minceur\nThis is sold at $60. It is the best selling French brand that treats cellulite with the use of its plant extracts and caffeine. The massage tool is available in a form of lumps and it is certainly effective.\nOrlane SOS Contouring\nThis product contains caffeinated cream that boosts the blood flow. It smoothes your skin and it provides results after a week. The product is even claimed to provide a lighter feeling.\nBliss FatGirlSleep\nThis is a solution that is applied during the night and it is better for smoothing the skin to eliminate the cellulite. The product comes very fragrant and it evens out skin as well.\nThe above products are the hottest products and tools that smooth thighs and cellulite in other areas of your body.\nThe products certainly work and the promise of perfect skin is guaranteed. They are backed by experts and they are more efficient alternatives than risky surgeries.\nAcne: The Best And New Products This Year 2013\nMarch 20, 2013 No comments\nAcne is very difficult to deal with if you are still incognizant of what treatment will likely help you solve it. It affects a lot of people and there is no doubt that it is a complete disaster for most people.\nThis is due to the fact that the breakouts caused by acne can also associate other skin issues, such as scars. Scars can be permanent and this calls for a double time treatment.\nTreating acne is certainly difficult. There are times that the solution you need to use must be safe enough for your skin and must match your preferences.\nFortunately, aside from the existing products in the market, there are already available ones that will help you solve your dilemma.\nAs of now, there are already new products entering the acne treatment industry.\nIn order to provide you few, here are the following:\nExposed Skin Care\nThis is a solution that has been reviewed and claimed to be a high product quality and a satisfaction guarantee solution.\nThe system is composed of a complete blend of ingredients that are naturally helpful in keeping your skin protected from acnes.\nThe solution also has the capacity to nourish your skin through keeping your skin from redness, inflammation or even drying. The solution is composed of a 4-step system that helps work within your skin deep and it eliminates the root causes of acne.\nThe product does not contain harmful or harsh ingredients, which make other solutions too difficult to handle.\nIt is also guaranteed that with Exposed Skin Care, you will get nothing but regained natural health and it kills bacteria permanently to avoid more acne. It unclogs pores and controls the production of oil on your skin.\nClearpores\nThis is another solution that is innovative and will likely give you an internal and external approach for treatment. It promises flawless, smooth, and beautiful skin. It clears out the appearance of acne and development of more ones in the future.\nThe system of Clearpores will definitely amaze you for it gives a daily herbal supplement that regains the internal balance in your skin and works internally to ward off the roots of acne.\nThe product also includes a deep facial wash that gets rid of acne signs, such as blemishes, whiteheads, and even blackheads. Lastly, it includes a facial protection cream that protects your skin from breakouts and provides contents that are perfectly moisturizing.\nClear Skin max\nThis is a solution that is helpful in delivering you acne-related problem solutions. It helps in giving away ingredients that are naturally composed of properties that can make your skin free from acnes.\nIt also prevents the developments of cracks, wrinkles, and dryness of your skin. It includes tea tree oil gel, mask, melanin essence, tava tea, emergency repair, and conditioning lotion.\nThe above solutions are already out in the market and have been reviewed by consumers already. In that case, you already have the choice to renew your skin even more.\nRemoving Scars Completely\nMarch 10, 2013 No comments\nRemoving scars completely- is this possible?\nThe ongoing debate between medical surgeons and cosmetic surgeon regarding scar removal does not create any concrete solutions, but no other than confusion to the part of those who are looking for effective remedy to completely get rid of scars.\nOf course, there are several types of medical procedures that promises guaranteed results, but are still unable to give any testimonies on how effective the applied procedures are.\nAccording to some medical and dermatological experts, there are ongoing research and technological advancements in the field of scar removal and tissue reconstruction, but up to now, there are yet no signs of unbiased and successful results of these advancements and medical procedures.\nOpting for an all natural scar removal solutions- are these also effective?\nSome prefer to use natural solutions to all types of diseases and illnesses before consulting to physicians and medical experts. The same thing goes with scar removal.\nMost people opt for herbal and natural solutions to remove scars before going to medical and dermatological surgeons to get rid of scars on the surface of their skins. After all, scars are not some kind of viral disease that needs proper medical attention.\nHomemade natural scar removal- this is one of the most helpful ways to remove scars according to those who have used and seen its benefits to their skin. In fact, it is the unanimous choice of those who want to take out the unsightly blemishes scars and stretch marks from their skin which has the ability to offer the same results like skin creams and lotions from several markets and drugstores.\nItems or products found at home- household kitchen can be a big source of homemade treatment solutions pertaining to removal of scars like vinegar made from apple cider, coconut oil, olive oil, onions and honey.\nBackyard garden- this can also be a source herbal remedies for scar removal like green tea, grape seed oil, the extract of aloe vera as well as potato juice, cucumber juice, lemon juice and other fruit extracts. Imagine the wide array of natural solutions that doesn’t cost an arm.\nHere are some procedures on how to make some homemade scar removal solutions:\nAloe Vera- this type of herbal plant is best known for its unique qualities that can be very essential in taking of the entire skin health. This is the reason why if you are going to search every scar removal solutions in the market, you will definitely find most of them using Aloe Vera as one of their main ingredient. This plant is also rich in bleaching complex known to lighten and smoothen the skin particularly areas affected by scars.\nCucumber- this is another herbal plant that can help in a big way if removing scars is the issue. Cucumber is very rich in nutrients need the by the skin to create healthy skin cells that are very vital in removing scars on the surface of the skin. Those who know the benefits of using this plant had proven its effectiveness when it comes to scar removal.\nFemale Libido: How Libido For Her Works\nFebruary 28, 2013 No comments\nIn a marriage, it is specifically necessary to maintain a good sex life for it is what ties you with your partner. Moreover, it is somewhat a commonality not to consider sex as a chore in your everyday lives.\nThis is brought by the fact that sex is a sacred act between two persons, which are connected by legal marriage or unity.\nHowever, if you feel that way, it is possible that you are already losing your libido or your sex drive, which is a very alarming thing to worry about. Loss of libido affects a great number of women today. Moreover, it even affects some relationships negatively.\nYou need to revive your sex drive again in order to have a good relationship maintenance. You have all it takes to do such. In order to give you one option, you can consider how Libido for Her works.\nHere are few of its reviews:\nLibido for Her Overview\nIt is studied by the manufacturers of Libido for Her that the loss of libido may be corrected with the use of botanical compounds and other compounds.\nFurthermore, the formula of Libido for Her is certainly helpful since it is made of organic compounds, which assure safety from side effects. This product is found to be highly effective and it is helpful in giving you a well planned healthy lifestyle.\nIt helps in renewing your energy and vigor. Moreover, it will certainly put your sexual life back. According to people, Libido for Her is the real answer to dilemma of women.\nHow It Works\nThe product is found with effective ingredients. The ingredients of the product make it happen for you to bring back a positive change in your sexual life.\nLibido for Her targets the libidinal levels of your body. It reduces uterine cramps and it batters the situation where you will likely have a better sex life.\nThis is found to be effective for it activates your need for sensual things. Furthermore, it also gives you the same level of ecstasy.\nThe Compounds Found In Libido for Her\nThe product is found in perfect amounts of active compounds, which are fairly effective for your sexual improvement. The product is free from chemical based compounds.\nIts natural compounds include agnus castus, ignatia mara, and onosmodium virginianum, which are necessary in altering the sexual levels in your body.\nPlus, it has chaste berry that reduces the disorders that can be found in your reproductive system. The rest of the ingredients, such as damiana, lactuca virosa, berberies vulgaris, organic alcohol, and ignatia amara, which are helpful in bringing back your libidinal level.\nSide effects and Considerations\nIt is stated that the product do not pose any serious side effects other than the sensation of being warm and somewhat burning.\nHowever, it is still recommended to check whether you are allergic to the compounds or not that make up Libido for Her. For the reviews of the product, it is certainly assured that Libido for Her adds up sexual excitement.\nThe Top Fruits That Gives You Plentiful Breasts\nFebruary 18, 2013 No comments\nIt is apparent that even in terms of medications for your breasts, the compounds are always claimed as natural ingredients.\nThis is due to the fact that people still rely on the safety of the product use. Moreover, there is no doubt that the natural compounds are still capable of giving you most of your needs.\nFor instance, in terms of breast enhancement, there are still medications that are more sold due to their natural compounds. Herbal medication has been traditional, which is why until more technology emerges, they will still be present.\nIn that case, instead of using medications or treatments for your breast enhancement, why don’t you settle the eating of healthy foods first?\nTo give you the top 7 fruits that will make your breasts larger, here are the following:\nApples\nThese are fruits that are high in estrogen. Plus, apples commonly have three grams of fiber. Eating apples will definitely give your best bet in having extra sized breasts.\nThey should be eaten regularly. Furthermore, aside from the said components of an apple, there is certainty that you will also get bromine from the fruit. Bromine produces the sex hormones in your body.\nOrange\nThis is rich in vitamin C. Orange is helpful in keeping your breasts away from deformation. Furthermore, orange must be eaten before and after each meal in about an hour.\nBy doing so, you will get a round breast, which is a must in having that curves.\nCherries\nThis is a fruit that is rich in fiber. Moreover, aside from fiber, cherries also have properties for increasing the size of the breast.\nCherries contain estrogen, which is a necessary hormone performing the increases of testosterone in your body.\nGrapes\nThis is vitamin rich and it is similar to orange in terms of preventing deformation and tearing of the breasts.\nYou can simply have a glass of tomato and grapes every day in order to improve your weight loss diet. Furthermore, grapes improve the female hormones in your body.\nTomatoes\nThis is rich in fiber and should be eaten regularly. It increases bust size. It is also rich in vitamin E, which is necessary in improving the elasticity of your breasts.\nFurthermore, it has vitamin B1 and C, which support the absorption of nutrients.\nPomelo\nThis is a perfect fruit rich in antioxidants. Furthermore, pomelo has vitamin C and low amount of calories. Having the said compounds improves the size of your breasts with a slim design. Moreover, it is necessary to drink a juice of it once a week.\nAvocados\nThese are termed as one of the best fruits you should eat. This is due to the fact that it has a lot of unsaturated fats, which are necessary in increasing the elasticity of your breast tissues.\nAvocados prevent distortion of the chest by its vitamin C and promote the secretion of female hormones with its vitamin A. relatively, you can have the fruit for about one to three times a week.\nThe Top Secrets To Cellulite-Free Skin\nOctober 26, 2012 No comments\nThere are various claimed secrets to having flawless skin and cellulite free body. However, the truth behind the options is still unidentified.\nIn other words, the solutions claimed are still unsure to be effective and safe at the same time, especially those cellulite creams, topical solutions, or even supplements that are manufactured for the purpose of clearing your skin.\nAlthough there are still great ranges of products in the market, there are still doubts circling the minds of people. Most probably, this is due to the fact that they are wary of how the products can provide side effects or not.\nIf you suffer from cellulite, you just have to get a set of tips that will keep your body away from cellulite. It is much better to alter your skin through your lifestyle in order to prevent trouble caused by complications and harsh compounds of products.\nTo give you examples of such tips, here are the top secrets in having a cellulite-free skin:\nIncrease caffeine intake.\nIf you increase your caffeine intake, this will help you evenly distribute the water between the cells in your body, specifically the fat cells.\nHowever this does not mean that you have to increase your intake of soda or drinks that contain caffeine. As much as possible, you also apply the caffeine tip in selecting certain medication or treatment.\nFor instance, you can simply buy products that contain caffeine as an active ingredient. Caffeine flushes out toxins and it gets rid of dead skin cells.\nExercise.\nIt is much better to hit the gym regularly. This is to improve the dimpled appearance of your skin. You need to tone and develop muscles to keep your skin tight.\nFurthermore, exercising helps in weight loss, which aids in making your cellulite-affected areas removed. If you want a good option, you can practice lunge, which is excellent in building lean muscles of your hips, bottom, and thighs.\nBody lotion.\nIt is much better to practice toning and evening out the color of your skin. This is to reduce the appearance of cellulite on your skin. You can use a tinted moisturizer to do this.\nHowever, be reminded to buy products that contain proven ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid and blue-green algae, which moisturize the skin through hydration and retention of moisture.\nWater-rich food consumption.\nYou need to drink water every day and eat water-rich foods as well. By doing so, you will be able to flush out toxins and waste materials from your body. Your skin thickness will also be preserved. Make sure to select healthy water fruits, such as plums, watermelon, strawberries, and even blueberries.\nYou have to be reminded that getting rid of fat is not the only solution to cellulite. It does not mean that once you undergone liposuction, everything is over.\nIt is much better to get an approved treatment with the addition of a healthy lifestyle. By doing so, you can stop the condition and its development. Although procedures are effective, they sometimes pose short-term results.\nAcne: What Does Clear Skin Max Includes\nJanuary 5, 2012 No comments\nAcne is a problem that occurs no matter what your age is. It causes embarrassment and there is no doubt that it suddenly shows up when you are having the most important events of your lifetime.\nIt is certainly damaging and at times, even if it is done damaging your skin by lesions or redness, it will be followed by scarring, which may be permanent. You have to be reminded that acne can be in various forms as well.\nIt can be whiteheads, blackheads, or even cysts. In other words, if you are not well equipped in taking care of your skin, you will definitely have to face all of the said acne forms.\nThere are various ways for you to take care of your skin, such as by maintaining it clean and flawless.\nYou already have products to choose from, which are helpful in preventing irritation or even in harming on your skin. To give you one, you can consider Clear Skin Max.\nHere are few of the product’s reviews:\nClear Skin Max Overview\nThis is a product composed of various components, which are melanin essence, tea tree oil gel, emergency repair, tava tea, conditioning lotion, as well as mask.\nIt is endorsed by an internationally acclaimed health feature write Dr. Abidi. Plus, the system contains Tea Tree Oil, which is necessary if you want to claim an antibiotic action for your skin. It does not cause dryness or even development of wrinkles.\nIts Features\nThe product has organic kelp, which is responsible for cleaning your skin to a greater level. It cleans your skin inside and out and it is a natural source of minerals, vitamins, and amino acids.\nOn the other hand, it also has tea tree oil that cleanses your skin without leaving it dry. Once you achieve this, no more damages will likely be done.\nClear Skin Max also adds up the effective balancing cream that aids in taking care of your acne-prone skin. Lastly, it has an anti acne tea blend that keeps your skin healed and cleansed from inflammation or annoying itching.\nClear Skin Max Facial Wash\nThis is a facial wash that will be used daily to wash your face. This softens the skin and it keeps your pores clean out of bacteria or dirt. It heals and soothes the skin, while it reduces inflammation.\nClear Skin Max Balancing cream\nThis will be applied two times every day. It contains bilberry fruit extract, Calendula, and tea tree oil among others.\nThe said components contain anti-fungal, astringent, and antiseptic properties. The soothing cream is gentle for both your face and body.\nClear Skin Max Cleansing and Detox Tea\nThis will help cleanse your body from the inside. It has healing properties that keep your skin clear and beautiful.\nThe above reviews of Clear Skin Max just reveal how effective its system is. With the three solutions combined, there is no doubt that you will get the best treatment possible with compounds that are tested for optimal care.\nOvercoming Scars through Natural Scar Removal\nDecember 13, 2011 No comments\nKnowing more about scars:\nGetting injured from an accident can leave scars to the skin, scars that definitely looks ugly especially those that are left on the face. Although a medical operation after an injury can help the wound heal, it will still leave some marks on the skin that may stay even for a lifetime.\nThe type of skin a certain individual have is very important when it comes to scar removal. Some scars even develop into keloid after wounds, cuts, and even abrasion, had damaged the skin surface. It is definitely unpleasant to have these skin marks as it may affect even emotional being of an individual, some can’t afford to meet their social obligations because of scars on their skin.\nKeloid can be a different topic and it is better to skip it for the mean time and focus on simple scars as they can be easily removed compared to keloids. Scars in medical language are known as the fibrous tissue formed on the skin in order to repair broken tissue. After the skin is damaged by wounds, it produces more cells in order to re-grow the punctured skin known as a scar which is easily visible because the cells that go in making up the scar are of lesser quality compared to original cells.\nThe process of scar removal\nOnly few are aware that the full treatment and healing of scars is impossible and some think that a simple skin care cream or lotion can get rid of these skin marks.\nOf course, many medical options and cosmetic solutions are available to cover up scars somehow. But when it comes to completely removing the scar off the surface of the skin, none of these medical and cosmetic methods have proven to remove scar completely.\nMasking the scar can be done through methods like steroid injections, surgery using lasers, dermabrasion and therapy using radio, but then again, none of these can completely remove the scars.\nLately, there are numerous medical advancements and research done to completely get rid of scars.\nNatural scar removal methods:\nIt doesn’t hurt much to try some safe herbal methods to remove scars. There are some simple home remedies that could work on your skin, not to mention that they do not have any side-effects that can be harmful to the skin.\nThese methods should definitely be considered first before signing in for complicated surgical procedures to get rid of\nscars.\nSome of the herbal remedies that can be easily pulled out of the garden or even at home are provided here:\nAloe Vera – known as a good home remedy for the treatment of residual scars. The juice of Aloe Vera is considered as natural bleach which if applied to the scars can slowly reduce and vanish most of its surface.\nCucumber – this helps in the removal of scar tissues with the help of its paste that is applied directly to the scars. If left overnight, it can smoothen scars out after a few processes of applications.\nIntivar’s Way Of Reviving Your Sex Drive And Libido\nSeptember 13, 2011 No comments\nThere are certainly a lot of sexual libido enhancers out in the market. Moreover, as of now, even the techniques based at home even increase due to the request of people.\nThere are varieties of reasons that make women ask for sexual libido enhancement, such as having a baby. On the other hand, some people request for such since they are already having problems with their relationship.\nThere are various things that can contribute to your loss of sex drive. It is possible that you already have a reproductive system disorder. On the other hand, you may be driven by your physical issues or emotional problems.\nThis is proven for making love is clearly physical and involves emotions. There are times that depression greatly affects your sex drive. 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Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression and Self-Care in Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. | Cardiology | JAMA Internal Medicine | JAMA Network\n[Skip to Content]\nHomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors\nJournals\nJAMAJAMA Network OpenJAMA CardiologyJAMA DermatologyJAMA Facial Plastic SurgeryJAMA Internal MedicineJAMA NeurologyJAMA OncologyJAMA OphthalmologyJAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck SurgeryJAMA PediatricsJAMA PsychiatryJAMA SurgeryArchives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959)\nJN LearningSubscribeAppsJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions\nTerms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement\n2019 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved\nJAMA Internal Medicine\nSign In\nIndividual Sign In\nSign inCreate an Account\nInstitutional Sign In\nOpenAthens Shibboleth\nPurchase Options:\nSubscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal\nJournals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry\n[Skip to Content Landing]\nfull text icon\nFull Text\ncontents icon\nContents\nfigure icon\nFigures /\nTables\nmultimedia icon\nMultimedia\nattach icon\nSupplemental\nContent\nreferences icon\nReferences\nrelated icon\nRelated\ncomments icon\nComments\nDownload PDF\nTop of Article\nAbstract\nIntroduction\nMethods\nResults\nDiscussion\nConclusions\nArticle Information\nReferences\nFigure 1.\nView LargeDownload\nFlowchart of Screening, Enrollment, Randomization, and Follow-up\naOf the 57 patients who completed treatment, 45 (79%) met all of the criteria for successful completion of weekly treatment within 6 months;12 (21%) did not meet 1 or more of the criteria at 6 months despite having remained in treatment.\nbReasons for noncompletion of 1 or more scheduled assessments (intervention arm): worsening medical illness or death (n = 7), unable to contact (n = 3), dropped out (n = 11).\ncReasons for noncompletion of 1 or more scheduled assessments (usual care arm): worsening medical illness or death (n = 7), unable to contact (n = 3), dropped out (n = 9).\nCBT indicates cognitive behavior therapy; PHQ-9, patient health questionnaire for depression.\nFigure 2.\nView LargeDownload\nOutcomes in Subgroups Defined by Low vs High Baseline Scores\nCBT indicates cognitive behavior therapy; EUC, enhanced usual care; SCHFI, Self-Care of Heart Failure Index.\nTable 1.\nView LargeDownload\nBaseline Patient Characteristicsa\nTable 2.\nView LargeDownload\nPrimary and Secondary Outcomesa\nSupplement 1.\neMethods 1. CBT for HF Self-Care: Therapist Instructions\neMethods 2. Power Analysis\neMethods 3. Multiple Imputation Procedure\neTable 1. Medication changes after baseline\nSupplement 2.\nTrial Protocol.\n1.\nFreedland KE, Rich MW, Skala JA, Carney RM, Dávila-Román VG, Jaffe AS. Prevalence of depression in hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure. Psychosom Med. 2003;65(1):119-128.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n2.\nHaworth JE, Moniz-Cook E, Clark AL, Wang M, Waddington R, Cleland JG. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression in a sample of chronic heart failure patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2005;7(5):803-808.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n3.\nKoenig HG. Depression in hospitalized older patients with congestive heart failure. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1998;20(1):29-43.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n4.\nSchowalter M, Gelbrich G, Störk S, et al. Generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: impact of depression. Clin Res Cardiol. 2013;102(4):269-278.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n5.\nMüller-Tasch T, Peters-Klimm F, Schellberg D, et al. Depression is a major determinant of quality of life in patients with chronic systolic heart failure in general practice. J Card Fail. 2007;13(10):818-824.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n6.\nAlbert NM, Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, et al. Depression and clinical outcomes in heart failure: an OPTIMIZE-HF analysis. Am J Med. 2009;122(4):366-373.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n7.\nBraunstein JB, Anderson GF, Gerstenblith G, et al. Noncardiac comorbidity increases preventable hospitalizations and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(7):1226-1233.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n8.\nLesman-Leegte I, van Veldhuisen DJ, Hillege HL, Moser D, Sanderman R, Jaarsma T. Depressive symptoms and outcomes in patients with heart failure: data from the COACH study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(12):1202-1207.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n9.\nMoraska AR, Chamberlain AM, Shah ND, et al. Depression, healthcare utilization, and death in heart failure: a community study. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6(3):387-394.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n10.\nSherwood A, Blumenthal JA, Trivedi R, et al. Relationship of depression to death or hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(4):367-373.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n11.\nJiang W, Kuchibhatla M, Cuffe MS, et al. Prognostic value of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2004;110(22):3452-3456.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n12.\nO’Connor CM, Jiang W, Kuchibhatla M, et al. Antidepressant use, depression, and survival in patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(20):2232-2237.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n13.\nO’Connor CM, Jiang W, Kuchibhatla M, et al; SADHART-CHF Investigators. Safety and efficacy of sertraline for depression in patients with heart failure: results of the SADHART-CHF (Sertraline Against Depression and Heart Disease in Chronic Heart Failure) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(9):692-699.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n14.\nAngermann CE, Gelbrich G, Störk S, et al; MOOD-HF Investigators. Rationale and design of a randomised, controlled, multicenter trial investigating the effects of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibition on morbidity, mortality and mood in depressed heart failure patients (MOOD-HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(12):1212-1222.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n15.\nAngermann CE. Effects of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibition on mortality, morbidity, and mood in depressed heart failure patients: MOOD-HF clinical trial. Annual Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology; San Diego, California; March 16, 2015.\n16.\nCuijpers P, Karyotaki E, Weitz E, Andersson G, Hollon SD, van Straten A. The effects of psychotherapies for major depression in adults on remission, recovery and improvement: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2014;159:118-126.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n17.\nRiegel B, Moser DK, Anker SD, et al; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; American Heart Association Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. State of the science: promoting self-care in persons with heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009;120(12):1141-1163.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n18.\nMcAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua S, McMurray JJ. Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission: a systematic review of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(4):810-819.PubMedGoogle Scholar\n19.\nGrady KL. Self-care and quality of life outcomes in heart failure patients. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008;23(3):285-292.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n20.\nDracup K, Moser DK, Pelter MM, et al. Randomized, controlled trial to improve self-care in patients with heart failure living in rural areas. Circulation. 2014;130(3):256-264.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n21.\nPowell LH, Calvin JE Jr, Richardson D, et al; HART Investigators. Self-management counseling in patients with heart failure: the heart failure adherence and retention randomized behavioral trial. JAMA. 2010;304(12):1331-1338.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n22.\nCameron J, Worrall-Carter L, Page K, Riegel B, Lo SK, Stewart S. Does cognitive impairment predict poor self-care in patients with heart failure? Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12(5):508-515.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n23.\nMorgan AL, Masoudi FA, Havranek EP, et al; Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Consortium (CORC). Difficulty taking medications, depression, and health status in heart failure patients. J Card Fail. 2006;12(1):54-60.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n24.\nRiegel B, Vaughan Dickson V, Goldberg LR, Deatrick JA. Factors associated with the development of expertise in heart failure self-care. Nurs Res. 2007;56(4):235-243.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n25.\nAmerican Psychiatric Association, Task Force on DSM-IV. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). 4th ed. Text revision ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.\n26.\nBeck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Manual. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education, Inc; 1996.\n27.\nHeart Failure Society Of America. Education Modules.2015. http://www.hfsa.org/hfsa-wp/wp/patient/education-modules/. Accessed August 17, 2015.\n28.\nAmerican Heart Association. Heart Failure Patient Education.2015. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Patient-Education-Resources-for-Healthcare-Professionals_UCM_441960_SubHomePage.jsp. Accessed August 17, 2015.\n29.\nBeck AT. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1979.\n30.\nBeck JS. Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond.2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2011.\n31.\nSkala JA, Freedland KE, Carney RM. Heart Disease. Toronto, Ontario: Hogrefe & Huber; 2005.\n32.\nRiegel B, Lee CS, Dickson VV, Carlson B. An update on the self-care of heart failure index. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2009;24(6):485-497.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n33.\nFreedland KE, Mohr DC, Davidson KW, Schwartz JE. Usual and unusual care: existing practice control groups in randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions. Psychosom Med. 2011;73(4):323-335.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n34.\nHróbjartsson A, Emanuelsson F, Skou Thomsen AS, Hilden J, Brorson S. Bias due to lack of patient blinding in clinical trials. A systematic review of trials randomizing patients to blind and nonblind sub-studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(4):1272-1283.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n35.\nFreedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, et al. The Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton (DISH): rationale, development, characteristics, and clinical validity. Psychosom Med. 2002;64(6):897-905.PubMedGoogle Scholar\n36.\nHamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23:56-62.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n37.\nATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):111-117.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n38.\nBalke B. A simple field test for the assessment of physical fitness. Rep Civ Aeromed Res Inst US. 1963;Apr:1-8.PubMedGoogle Scholar\n39.\nBittner V, Weiner DH, Yusuf S, et al; SOLVD Investigators. Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. JAMA. 1993;270(14):1702-1707.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n40.\nBurton C, McKinstry B, Szentagotai Tătar A, Serrano-Blanco A, Pagliari C, Wolters M. Activity monitoring in patients with depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2013;145(1):21-28.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n41.\nRose M, Bjorner JB, Becker J, Fries JF, Ware JE. Evaluation of a preliminary physical function item bank supported the expected advantages of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(1):17-33.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n42.\nBeck AT, Steer RA. Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation - Harcourt Assessment, Inc; 1990.\n43.\nGreen CP, Porter CB, Bresnahan DR, Spertus JA. Development and evaluation of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: a new health status measure for heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(5):1245-1255.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n44.\nHays RD, Sherbourne CD, Mazel R. User’s Manual for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Core Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life. Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 1995.\n45.\nFrank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, et al. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48(9):851-855.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n46.\nBerkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, et al; Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Investigators (ENRICHD). Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2003;289(23):3106-3116.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n47.\nFreedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-396.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n48.\nRiegel B, Carlson B, Moser DK, Sebern M, Hicks FD, Roland V. Psychometric testing of the self-care of heart failure index. J Card Fail. 2004;10(4):350-360.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n49.\nSpertus J, Peterson E, Conard MW, et al; Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Consortium. Monitoring clinical changes in patients with heart failure: a comparison of methods. Am Heart J. 2005;150(4):707-715.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n50.\nGraham JW. Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol. 2009;60:549-576.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n51.\nRubin DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience; 2004.\n52.\nBlumenthal JA, Babyak MA, O’Connor C, et al. Effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure: the HF-ACTION randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;308(5):465-474.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n53.\nGary RA, Dunbar SB, Higgins MK, Musselman DL, Smith AL. Combined exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy improves outcomes in patients with heart failure. J Psychosom Res. 2010;69(2):119-131.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n54.\nFreedland KE. Demanding attention: reconsidering the role of attention control groups in behavioral intervention research. Psychosom Med. 2013;75(2):100-102.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\nReframing Depression Treatment in Heart Failure\nEditor's Note\nNovember 1, 2015\nPatrick G. 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Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression and Self-Care in Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(11):1773–1782. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5220\nDownload citation file:\nRis (Zotero) EndNote BibTex Medlars ProCite RefWorks Reference Manager Mendeley\n© 2019\nPermissions\nOriginal Investigation\nNovember 2015\nCognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression and Self-Care in Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial\nKenneth E. Freedland, PhD1; Robert M. Carney, PhD1; Michael W. Rich, MD2; et al Brian C. Steinmeyer, MS1; Eugene H. Rubin, MD, PhD1\nAuthor Affiliations Article Information\n1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri\n2Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri\nCopyright 2015 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use.\nJAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(11):1773-1782. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5220\nvisual abstract icon\nVisual\nAbstract\neditorial comment icon\nEditorial\nComment\nrelated articles icon\nRelated\nArticles\nauthor interview icon\nInterviews\nmultimedia icon\nMultimedia\nEditor's Note\nReframing Depression Treatment in Heart Failure\nPatrick G. O’Malley, MD, MPH\nAbstract\nImportance Depression and inadequate self-care are common and interrelated problems that increase the risks of hospitalization and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF).\nObjective To determine the efficacy of an integrative cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) intervention for depression and HF self-care.\nDesign, Setting, and Participants Randomized clinical trial with single-blind outcome assessments. Eligible patients were enrolled at Washington University Medical Center in St Louis between January 4, 2010, and June 28, 2013. The primary data analyses were conducted in February 2015. The participants were 158 outpatients in New York Heart Association Class I, II, and III heart failure with comorbid major depression.\nInterventions Cognitive behavior therapy delivered by experienced therapists plus usual care (UC), or UC alone. Usual care was enhanced in both groups with a structured HF education program delivered by a cardiac nurse.\nMain Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was severity of depression at 6 months as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Confidence and Maintenance subscales were coprimary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included measures of anxiety, depression, physical functioning, fatigue, social roles and activities, and quality of life. Hospitalizations and deaths were exploratory outcomes.\nResults One hundred fifty-eight patients were randomized to UC (n = 79) or CBT (n = 79). Within each arm, 26 (33%) of the patients were taking an antidepressant at baseline. One hundred thirty-two (84%) of the participants completed the 6-month posttreatment assessments; 60 (76%) of the UC and 58 (73%) of the CBT participants completed every follow-up assessment (P = .88). Six-month depression scores were lower in the CBT than the UC arm on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) (12.8 [10.6] vs 17.3 [10.7]; P = .008). Remission rates differed on the BDI-II (46% vs 19%; number needed to treat [NNT] = 3.76; 95% CI, 3.62-3.90; P < .001) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (51% vs 20%; NNT = 3.29; 95% CI, 3.15-3.43; P < .001). The groups did not differ on the Self-Care Maintenance or Confidence subscales. The mean (SD) Beck Depression Inventory scores 6 months after randomization were lower in the CBT (12.8 [10.6]) than the UC arm (17.3 [10.7]), P = .008. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups on the Self-Care Maintenance or Confidence subscale scores or on physical functioning measures. Anxiety and fatigue scores were lower and mental- and HF-related quality of life and social functioning scores were higher at 6 months in the CBT than the UC arm, and there were fewer hospitalizations in the intervention than the UC arm.\nConclusions and Relevance A CBT intervention that targets both depression and heart failure self-care is effective for depression but not for HF self-care or physical functioning relative to enhanced UC. Additional benefits include reduced anxiety and fatigue, improved social functioning, and better health-related quality of life.\nTrial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01028625\nIntroduction\nMajor depression is a common comorbidity in heart failure (HF).1-3 It is associated with poor quality of life4,5 and an increased risk for hospitalization6-10 and mortality.6,9,11,12 It is also difficult to treat. Sertraline Against Depression and Heart Disease in Chronic Heart Failure(SADHART-CHF) is the largest (n = 469) randomized clinical trial (RCT) to date of an antidepressant for major depression in HF. There was no difference in posttreatment depression between the sertraline and placebo arms.13 More recently, the Mortality, Morbidity, and Mood in Depressed Heart Failure Patients (MOOD-HF) trial14 found no difference in posttreatment depression between the escitalopram and placebo arms in 372 patients with heart failure.15 There are well-established behavioral treatments for depression in psychiatric patients,16 but little is known about their efficacy for comorbid major depression in HF.\nInadequate self-care is also common in HF.17 Self-care includes behaviors that maintain physical functioning and prevent acute exacerbations, such as following a low-sodium diet, exercising, taking prescribed medications, and monitoring edema. Heart failure self-care reduces the risk of hospitalization18 and improves HF-related quality of life.19 Like depression, however, inadequate HF self-care can be difficult to modify. Two of the largest HF self-care trials yielded modest20 or no21 differences between the intervention and comparison arms.\nDepression is a barrier to HF self-care, and poor self-care is associated with depression.22-24 Thus, an intervention that targets both problems might achieve better outcomes than interventions for only one of them.17 The Depression and Self-Care of Heart Failure trial evaluated the efficacy of an integrative behavioral intervention for depression and HF self-care.\nMethods\nParticipants\nPatients with HF at Washington University Medical Center in St Louis, Missouri, were invited to participate in this study between January 4, 2010, and June 28, 2013. The primary statistical data analyses were conducted in February 2015. The inclusion criteria were (1) HF diagnosed 3 or more months prior to screening, (2) current major depressive episode,25 and (3) a depressed score (≥14) on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).26 Heart failure self-care deficits were not required. The exclusion criteria were (1) inability to participate due to cognitive impairment, frailty, a communication deficit, or a logistical barrier; (2) poor 1-year prognosis due to a noncardiac comorbidity; (3) hospitalization within the past month; (4) suicidality, psychosis, or substance abuse; or (5) initiation of an antidepressant within the past 8 weeks. Patients who had been on an antidepressant for more than 8 weeks were allowed to continue. Participants provided written informed consent and were compensated for completing the assessments. The study was approved by the Human Research Protection Office at Washington University Medical Center.\nRandomization\nThe study was a single-blind, parallel group, randomized clinical trial. After completing the baseline evaluation, participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) plus usual care or to usual care alone. Randomization with permuted blocks of 2, 4, or 6 pairs was stratified by antidepressant use at baseline. Allocations were concealed in sequentially numbered opaque envelopes (1 set per stratum) and opened by the study coordinator after the baseline evaluation.\nEnhanced Usual Care\nParticipants continued their usual medical care during the trial, with no restrictions on the continuation or initiation of nonstudy medications. All participants received educational materials on HF self-care from the Heart Failure Society of America27 and the American Heart Association.28 A cardiac nurse reviewed the materials with the participant during the baseline visit and on three 30-minute telephone calls over 3 to 4 weeks postrandomization.\nIntervention\nThe treatment followed standard CBT manuals29,30 and a supplemental manual31 on CBT for cardiac patients. The initial clinical evaluation included a review of the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index.32 If self-care deficits or other barriers to self-care were identified, standard CBT techniques were used to address them (eMethods 1 in Supplement 1).\nThe intensive phase of the intervention consisted of up to 6 months of weekly 1-hour sessions. Collaborative problem lists and treatment plans were developed to individualize the treatment. Progress toward treatment goals was monitored, and treatment plans were adjusted as needed. A treat-to-target strategy was followed so that the therapy schedule thinned when a set of depression, HF self-care, and CBT skill criteria were met. Sessions tapered to biweekly and then monthly between the end of intensive (weekly) treatment and 6 months postrandomization. Up to four 20- to 30-minute relapse prevention telephone contacts were provided as needed between 6 and 12 months postrandomization.\nThe cases were divided between 2 masters-level and 2 doctoral-level therapists, all of whom had prior training and experience with CBT for depression. Weekly clinical supervision meetings included reviews of case conceptualizations, treatment plans, and clinical progress.\nTreatment Fidelity and Adherence\nThe therapists completed a CBT technique checklist after each session to document fidelity to the intervention protocol. They also completed ratings of homework, use of CBT techniques in daily life, and HF self-care to assess the participant’s adherence. Data on nonstudy medical and psychiatric care were collected to evaluate the potential for cointervention bias.33,34\nMeasures\nBaseline assessments were conducted between February 2010 and April 2013, and follow-up assessments were conducted between May 2010 and July 2014. The outcome assessors were blinded to group assignments. Baseline and 6-month assessments included the Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton35 to diagnose major depression and to rate the severity of depression on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression,36 a 6-minute walk test of submaximal exercise capacity,37-39 1 week of actigraphy to assess physical activity,40 and several of the National Institute of Health’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures, including the Depression, Anxiety, Physical Functioning, Satisfaction with Discretionary Social Activities, and the Satisfaction With Social Roles scales.41 Questionnaires administered at baseline and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month assessments included the BDI-II,26 Beck Anxiety Inventory,42 Self-Care of Heart Failure Index,32 Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire,43 and Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form.44\nOutcomes\nThe primary outcome was the BDI-II depression score at 6 months, as specified in the trial protocol (Supplement 2), and the original coprimary outcomes were the total score on the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. However, shortly before the start of the trial, the authors of the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index advised researchers to switch from using the total score to subscale scores instead.32 Consequently, the 6-month Self-Care Maintenance and Confidence subscale scores were defined as coprimary outcomes, and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire was made a secondary outcome. The Self-Care Maintenance subscale assesses self-care behaviors such as daily weight checks and dietary compliance. The Confidence subscale assesses the patient’s confidence in his or her HF self-care skills. Inferences about the primary and coprimary outcomes were constrained by the following decision rules. (1) Whether the intervention is efficacious for comorbid depression in HF does not depend on whether it is also efficacious for HF self-care. (2) Both self-care confidence and maintenance behaviors must improve for the intervention to be considered efficacious for HF self-care. (3) The intervention is not efficacious if it improves self-care but not depression.\nRemission of major depression was defined as a score of 9 or less on the BDI-II.45 Secondary outcomes at 6 months included scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (with ≤7 as the criterion for remission), the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, the SF-12 Mental and Physical component subscales, a set of NIH-PROMIS patient-reported outcome measures, 6-minute walk test distance, and average daily activity level on wrist actigraphy. Maintenance-phase questionnaire scores at 9 and 12 months and hospitalizations and deaths over 12 months were exploratory outcomes.\nPower and Statistical Analyses\nBased on previous trials, clinically significant effects on the primary and the original coprimary outcomes were initially defined as a between-group difference of 3 or more points on the BDI-II,46,47 20 or more points on the Self-Care total score,48 and 11 or more points on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire.49 The Bonferroni-corrected type 1 error rate for these outcomes was set at .016 (α = .05/3). Power was set at 0.80 or greater for all 3 outcomes, and expected attrition was set at 25% or less. Based on these assumptions, as well as estimates of variability and intraclass correlation, a simulation-based power analysis yielded a target sample size of 240 (eMethods 2 in Supplement 1).\nAt baseline, χ2 and t tests were used to compare the groups. Multiple imputation was used to impute data that were plausibly missing at random, consistent with the intention-to-treat analysis plan (eMethods 3 in Supplement 1). Separate imputers’ models were developed for each outcome (eMethods 3 in Supplement 1). Each model included the terms that were to be used in the analysis of that outcome as well as variables that correlated with the presence or absence of the outcome data.50 Parameter estimates were aggregated over 20 imputed data sets for statistical inference.51\nLinear mixed models with an autoregressive covariance structure were used to evaluate continuous outcomes. Each model included antidepressant use (the stratification factor), group, time, and the group by time interaction as fixed factors, and baseline intercept and patient as random factors. Preplanned moderator analyses of the primary and coprimary outcomes were conducted to determine whether the effects of treatment were moderated by sex, race, or antidepressant use, and a preplanned subgroup analysis was performed to determine whether the effects of treatment on HF self-care depended on the presence of self-care deficits at baseline. The number of hospitalizations over 12 months was regressed on treatment group and antidepressant use in a Poisson model, with the treatment effect defined as the incidence rate ratio. Cox regression was used to model the time to the first all-cause hospitalization or death with the same predictors as in the Poisson model. Standard diagnostics were performed to ensure that there were no violations of model assumptions. To account for multiplicity, a Bonferroni correction was applied to the primary and coprimary outcome analyses, whereby the corrected type 1 error rate was set at .016 (α = .05/3). The type 1 error rate for all other outcomes was set at .05 per comparison. All analyses were performed with SAS 9.3 software (SAS Institute, Inc).\nResults\nRecruitment, Retention, and Baseline Characteristics\nOne hundred fifty-eight patients (52% of HF patients screened, 66% of the target sample size) were randomized to usual care (n = 79) or CBT (n = 79). Within each arm, 26 (33%) of the patients were taking an antidepressant at baseline. One hundred thirty-two (84%) of the participants completed the 6-month post-treatment assessments; 60 (76%) of the usual care and 58 (73%) of the CBT participants completed every follow-up assessment (P = .88) (Figure 1).\nTable 1 presents the participants’ baseline characteristics. There were more minority patients in the usual care than the intervention arm (P = .02) but no other differences at baseline.\nTreatment Fidelity and Adherence\nParticipation in HF education ranged from 95% at the first session to 85% at the third, with no between-group differences. Seventeen (21%) of the intervention participants identified HF self-care as one of the high-priority items on their initial CBT problem list, and the therapists targeted self-care deficits or barriers in 38 (55%) of the CBT cases. Participants in the intervention arm were exposed to a mean (SD) of 8.1 (2.2) CBT techniques out of the 11 that were tracked. The CBT participants completed 10.8 (5.8) treatment sessions, with a mean duration of 59 (21) minutes and with 96% (9%) of CBT homework assignments at least partially completed. Therapist ratings (range, 1 [worst] to 6 [best]) of the participants’ CBT homework compliance, use of CBT techniques in daily life, and adherence to HF self-care goals averaged 4.1 (0.9), 3.4 (1.1), and 4.1 (0.8), respectively, consistent with satisfactory adherence.\nAcute Treatment Phase\nPrimary Outcomes\nSix-month depression scores were lower in the CBT than the usual care arm on the BDI-II (12.8 [10.6] vs 17.3 [10.7]; P = .008) (Table 2). Remission rates differed on the BDI-II (46% vs 19%; number needed to treat [NNT] = 3.76; 95% CI, 3.62-3.90; P < .001) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (51% vs 20%; NNT = 3.29; 95% CI, 3.15-3.43; P < .001). The groups did not differ on the Self-Care Maintenance or Confidence subscales.\nSecondary Outcomes\nSix-month outcomes were superior in the CBT relative to the usual care arm on secondary measures of depression (Hamilton Depression, P < .001; PROMIS Depression, P < .001), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, P = .007; PROMIS Anxiety, P < .001), HF-related quality of life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, P = .02), mental health-related quality of life (SF-12 Mental, P = .03), fatigue (PROMIS Fatigue, P = .01), and social functioning (PROMIS Discretionary Social Activities, P = .001; PROMIS Social Roles, P = .01). The groups did not differ on any of the physical functioning measures (SF-12 Physical, PROMIS Physical Functioning, 6-minute walk test distance, average daily activity level on actigraphy).\nFollow-up Phase\nThe BDI-II criteria for remission of depression were met by 23 (29.1%) of the usual care and 42 (53.2%) of the CBT patients at 12 months (NNT, 4.16; 95% CI, 4.01-4.31; P = .002). Statistically significant group × time interactions were found on the BDI-II (P = .002), Beck Anxiety Inventory (P = .03), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (P = .01), and the SF-12 Mental score (P < .001), indicating better maintenance of gains over 1 year in depression, anxiety, HF-related quality of life, and mental health quality of life in the CBT than the usual care arm. There were no group × time interactions on the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index or the SF-12 Physical score. Thirty-five patients in the usual care arm were hospitalized at least once within 12 months of enrollment, compared to 32 in the CBT arm (P = .63). After controlling for antidepressant use, adjusting for the overdispersed Poisson model, and counting multiple readmissions, patients in the CBT arm had a lower rate of hospitalizations compared to those in the usual care arm (incidence rate ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.76; P = .002). There was no statistically significant difference in the time to the first all-cause hospitalization or death between the usual care and CBT groups (37 [47%] vs 34 [43%], respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; 95% CI, 0.73-1.86; P = .52). There were no study-related serious adverse events.\nModerator, Subgroup, and Bias Analyses\nNone of the moderator tests were statistically significant, suggesting that efficacy of CBT did not depend on sex, race, or use of nonstudy antidepressants. When the sample was stratified by the median baseline Self-Care Maintenance score, there was no treatment effect on the Maintenance subscale in the low-score stratum but a marginal effect (P = .07) in the high-score stratum. When stratified by the median baseline Self-Care Confidence score, there was a marginal treatment effect in the low-score stratum (P = .05) but not in the high-score stratum (Figure 2).\nBecause inadequate blinding can bias trial results, the outcome assessors were instructed to try to guess the participant’s group assignment after each contact. The resulting weighted κ statistics were 0.20, 0.16, 0.17, and 0.16 at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months respectively. These figures are only slightly better than chance, suggesting that the assessments were adequately blinded.\nCointervention bias is also a potential threat to the validity of single-blinded RCTs. It was evaluated in 3 ways. First, research staff and interventionists who had direct patient contact recorded all instances in which patients were advised to seek nonstudy medical or psychiatric care or referred to a nonstudy health care professional. Recommendations or referrals were received by 19 (24%) of the usual care and 42 (53%) of the CBT participants (P = .003). However, controlling for this difference had no effect on any outcome. Second, changes during the trial use of antidepressants and HF guideline-recommended medications were tracked (eTable in Supplement 1). There were few medication changes after randomization and no statistically significant differences between the groups. Finally, in an exploratory analysis, the between-group difference in the hospitalization rate did not account for any of the other outcomes. Thus, no evidence of cointervention bias was found.\nDiscussion\nThis trial tested the efficacy of a behavioral intervention that targeted major depression and inadequate HF self-care. Cognitive behavior therapy was superior to usual care at 6 months on the primary (BDI-II) measure of depression. The depression remission rate was higher in the CBT than the usual care arm, and most participants maintained their gains for at least 12 months after initiating CBT. The results suggest that CBT is superior to usual care for depression in patients with HF. This is an especially encouraging result in light of the negative findings of the SADHART-CHF13 and MOOD-HF15 antidepressant trials. The effects of the intervention on several secondary outcomes, including anxiety, fatigue, HF-related quality of life, mental health–related quality of life, and satisfaction with social roles and activities, suggest that CBT also offers other benefits for patients with HF and depression. The preintervention/postintervention change in the CBT arm on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is consistent with a large improvement in HF-related quality of life.49 The intervention might also help to reduce rehospitalization rates among clinically depressed HF patients. However, hospitalization was an exploratory outcome, and the groups did not differ on the composite endpoint of hospitalization or death, so this finding should be interpreted with caution and evaluated more definitively in future trials.\nThe intervention was not efficacious for HF self-care maintenance or confidence, the coprimary outcomes. This was the first attempt to modify HF self-care in a clinically depressed patient population. Nevertheless, it is the latest of a growing list of studies to find weak or null effects for HF self-care interventions.20,21 Thus, HF self-care behaviors are proving to be difficult to modify. In this trial, self-care deficits were not required for eligibility, and both groups received intensive HF education. However, a secondary analysis of self-care outcomes revealed the surprising pattern that the intervention tended to improve self-care behaviors in patients who were already engaging in relatively good self-care practices but had no effect on the patients with relatively deficient self-care behaviors. Conversely, self-care confidence improved in patients with low confidence at baseline but did not increase in those who were already relatively confident at baseline. More importantly, as shown in Figure 2, the baseline differences between these subgroups were much larger than the intervention effects within the subgroups. Furthermore, the scores within the relatively deficient subgroup never converged with those of the relatively proficient subgroup. More research is needed to identify the characteristics and needs of patients with persistent self-care deficits. This could lead to interventions that would either directly target or compensate for durable barriers to HF self-care in depressed patients.\nThe aim of the behavioral activation component of CBT is to reduce depression by increasing engagement in pleasurable and productive activities. Although the intervention did not include physical exercise, we had hoped that behavioral activation would have detectable effects on physical functioning. However, there were no effects on the 6-minute walk test or the SF-12 and PROMIS Physical scores. The absence of a treatment effect on actigraphy suggests that even if the patients were engaging in more pleasurable and/or productive activities, they were doing so in ways that did not depend on increasing physical activity. This suggests that physical activity is unlikely to increase unless it is made an explicit target of intervention. The HF-ACTION trial showed that exercise can help to reduce depression in HF.52 A combination of CBT and exercise might produce better depression outcomes than either intervention alone.53\nThe primary purpose of this study was to determine whether the intervention, when added to usual medical care and HF education, is superior to usual care and education alone. The trial was not designed to control for exposure to clinical attention or determine whether other interventions (including simpler, briefer, or less expensive ones) might have comparable effects. However, the trial design was appropriate for evaluating the efficacy of the intervention.33,54\nThis study has several limitations. First, despite vigorous efforts to reach the study’s enrollment target, recruitment fell short of the goal. However, this neither obscured the effect of the intervention on depression nor accounted for the absence of a clinically significant effect on HF self-care. However, the moderator and subgroup analyses were underpowered and should be interpreted with caution. Second, like most behavioral trials, it was necessarily single- rather than double-blinded. However, we found no evidence of cointervention bias. Third, treatment fidelity was assessed by the therapists themselves and closely monitored by the clinical supervisor but not evaluated by independent raters. Fourth, the multiplicity of secondary outcomes increases the risk of type-1 errors. Finally, the participants were enrolled at a single academic medical center and were treated by experienced therapists who received intensive clinical supervision. Independent replications are needed to clarify the extent to which these findings are generalizable to patients treated in other settings.\nConclusions\nCognitive behavior therapy was effective relative to usual care for major depression in patients with heart failure. It did not improve HF self-care or physical functioning, but it did improve anxiety, fatigue, social functioning, and quality of life, and an exploratory analysis suggests that the intervention might help to decrease the hospitalization rate in clinically depressed patients. Comorbid major depression in heart failure may respond to CBT even if antidepressant therapy is unsuccessful. Further research is needed on interventions to improve depression, self-care, physical functioning, and quality of life in patients with HF and comorbid major depression.\nBack to top\nArticle Information\nCorresponding Author: Kenneth E. Freedland, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4320 Forest Park Ave, Ste 301, St Louis, MO 63108 ([email protected]).\nPublished Online: September 28, 2015. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5220.\nAuthor Contributions: Dr Freedland had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.\nStudy concept and design: Freedland, Carney, Rich, Rubin.\nAcquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Freedland, Carney, Rich, Steinmeyer, Rubin.\nDrafting of the manuscript: Freedland, Steinmeyer.\nCritical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Freedland, Carney, Rich, Rubin.\nStatistical analysis: Freedland, Steinmeyer.\nObtained funding: Freedland, Carney.\nAdministrative, technical, or material support: Freedland, Carney.\nStudy supervision: Freedland, Rubin.\nConflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.\nFunding/Support: This study was conducted with support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, grant R01HL091918 (Dr Freedland).\nRole of the Funder/Sponsor: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.\nReferences\n1.\nFreedland KE, Rich MW, Skala JA, Carney RM, Dávila-Román VG, Jaffe AS. 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Difficulty taking medications, depression, and health status in heart failure patients. J Card Fail. 2006;12(1):54-60.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n24.\nRiegel B, Vaughan Dickson V, Goldberg LR, Deatrick JA. Factors associated with the development of expertise in heart failure self-care. Nurs Res. 2007;56(4):235-243.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n25.\nAmerican Psychiatric Association, Task Force on DSM-IV. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). 4th ed. Text revision ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.\n26.\nBeck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) Manual. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Education, Inc; 1996.\n27.\nHeart Failure Society Of America. Education Modules.2015. http://www.hfsa.org/hfsa-wp/wp/patient/education-modules/. Accessed August 17, 2015.\n28.\nAmerican Heart Association. Heart Failure Patient Education.2015. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Patient-Education-Resources-for-Healthcare-Professionals_UCM_441960_SubHomePage.jsp. Accessed August 17, 2015.\n29.\nBeck AT. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1979.\n30.\nBeck JS. Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond.2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2011.\n31.\nSkala JA, Freedland KE, Carney RM. Heart Disease. Toronto, Ontario: Hogrefe & Huber; 2005.\n32.\nRiegel B, Lee CS, Dickson VV, Carlson B. An update on the self-care of heart failure index. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2009;24(6):485-497.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n33.\nFreedland KE, Mohr DC, Davidson KW, Schwartz JE. Usual and unusual care: existing practice control groups in randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions. Psychosom Med. 2011;73(4):323-335.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n34.\nHróbjartsson A, Emanuelsson F, Skou Thomsen AS, Hilden J, Brorson S. Bias due to lack of patient blinding in clinical trials. A systematic review of trials randomizing patients to blind and nonblind sub-studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(4):1272-1283.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n35.\nFreedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, et al. The Depression Interview and Structured Hamilton (DISH): rationale, development, characteristics, and clinical validity. Psychosom Med. 2002;64(6):897-905.PubMedGoogle Scholar\n36.\nHamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960;23:56-62.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n37.\nATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):111-117.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n38.\nBalke B. A simple field test for the assessment of physical fitness. Rep Civ Aeromed Res Inst US. 1963;Apr:1-8.PubMedGoogle Scholar\n39.\nBittner V, Weiner DH, Yusuf S, et al; SOLVD Investigators. Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. JAMA. 1993;270(14):1702-1707.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n40.\nBurton C, McKinstry B, Szentagotai Tătar A, Serrano-Blanco A, Pagliari C, Wolters M. Activity monitoring in patients with depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2013;145(1):21-28.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n41.\nRose M, Bjorner JB, Becker J, Fries JF, Ware JE. Evaluation of a preliminary physical function item bank supported the expected advantages of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(1):17-33.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n42.\nBeck AT, Steer RA. Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation - Harcourt Assessment, Inc; 1990.\n43.\nGreen CP, Porter CB, Bresnahan DR, Spertus JA. Development and evaluation of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: a new health status measure for heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(5):1245-1255.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n44.\nHays RD, Sherbourne CD, Mazel R. User’s Manual for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Core Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life. Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 1995.\n45.\nFrank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, et al. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48(9):851-855.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n46.\nBerkman LF, Blumenthal J, Burg M, et al; Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Investigators (ENRICHD). Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2003;289(23):3106-3116.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n47.\nFreedland KE, Skala JA, Carney RM, et al. Treatment of depression after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(4):387-396.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n48.\nRiegel B, Carlson B, Moser DK, Sebern M, Hicks FD, Roland V. Psychometric testing of the self-care of heart failure index. J Card Fail. 2004;10(4):350-360.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n49.\nSpertus J, Peterson E, Conard MW, et al; Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Consortium. Monitoring clinical changes in patients with heart failure: a comparison of methods. Am Heart J. 2005;150(4):707-715.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n50.\nGraham JW. Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol. 2009;60:549-576.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n51.\nRubin DB. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience; 2004.\n52.\nBlumenthal JA, Babyak MA, O’Connor C, et al. Effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure: the HF-ACTION randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;308(5):465-474.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n53.\nGary RA, Dunbar SB, Higgins MK, Musselman DL, Smith AL. Combined exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy improves outcomes in patients with heart failure. J Psychosom Res. 2010;69(2):119-131.PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref\n54.\nFreedland KE. Demanding attention: reconsidering the role of attention control groups in behavioral intervention research. 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2019-04-20T14:28:39Z

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Does Magnesium Help Migraines? | Healthfully\nx\nhealthfully\nSearch Glass\nDiseases and Injuries\nFamily Health\nNutrition\nWeight Management\nAppearance\nMagnesium for Headaches in Pregnant Women\nHow Much Magnesium Per Day?\nMagnesium Amino Acid Chelate and Anxiety\nCan Magnesium Cause High Blood Pressure?\nDoes Magnesium Help You Lose Weight?\nMagnesium Is Good for What?\nDoes Magnesium Help Migraines?\nBy Stephen Christensen ; Updated August 14, 2017\nRelated Articles\nMagnesium for Headaches in Pregnant Women\nHow Much Magnesium Per Day?\nMagnesium Amino Acid Chelate and Anxiety\nCan Magnesium Cause High Blood Pressure?\nMigraine headache is one of the most common reasons people seek medical care. According to Albert Einstein College of Medicine, approximately 18 percent of women and 6 percent of men in the United States suffer from migraines. More than half of these individuals experience a significant reduction in school or work performance due to their headaches. Even with prescription medications, migraines are often difficult to control. Thus, many people seek alternative means, such as magnesium, to help with their headaches.\nMigraine Causes\nThe precise mechanisms that trigger migraine headaches have not been clearly defined. Disorders of calcium ion movement, magnesium deficiency, high nitrous oxide levels and neurotransmitter imbalances have all been implicated as potential participants. A 2011 “Neurology” review proposes that reversible constriction of the brain’s blood vessels is a likely cause of migraines in many individuals. Magnesium could prove useful in some of these scenarios.\nMagnesium\nMagnesium is a metallic element that is considered a macromineral by nutritionists, meaning you have to consume it in fairly large amounts – milligrams rather than micrograms – to remain healthy. Most of your dietary intake of magnesium comes from plant foods, because this mineral is a component of the chlorophyll molecule. Dr. Elson Haas, author of “Staying Healthy with Nutrition,” reports that magnesium participates in several hundred enzymatic reactions in your cells. It helps to relax muscles, including those in the walls of your blood vessels, and it helps to regulate the electrical activity of nerve and muscle cells. Haas contends that magnesium deficiency is fairly common among Americans.\nMigraines and Magnesium\nA 2009 “American Family Physician” review reported that serum magnesium levels are frequently low in people with vascular headaches, such as migraines and cluster headaches. A 2002 study demonstrated that intravenous magnesium sulfate helped relieve migraines in patients with or without an “aura,” and a 1996 German trial showed that a single daily dose of 600 mg oral trimagnesium citrate decreased the frequency of migraine attacks by over 40 percent among the study's subjects. Both studies were published in the journal \"Cephalalgia.\"\nConsiderations and Precautions\nMagnesium is an essential mineral that has demonstrated some benefit in treating and preventing migraine headache. The Institute of Medicine’s recommended daily allowances for magnesium range from 30 to 420 milligrams, depending on your age, gender and pregnancy status. Higher dosages – 600 milligrams daily – appear to be necessary for migraine prevention. Magnesium may interfere with the absorption of some antibiotics, muscle relaxants, calcium channel blockers or drugs used to increase bone density. People with kidney disease should consult a physician before taking magnesium supplements.\nVideo of the Day\nBrought to you by LIVESTRONG\nBrought to you by LIVESTRONG\nReferences\n“Staying Healthy with Nutrition: Magnesium”; Elson M. Haas, M.D.; 2006\n“Neurology”; Current Understanding and Treatment of Headache Disorders; M.J. Marmura, S.D. Silberstein; February 2011\n“American Family Physician”; Therapeutic Uses of Magnesium; M.P. Guerrera, et al.; July 2009\n“Cephalalgia”; Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in the Acute Treatment of Migraine without Aura and Migraine with Aura: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study; M.E. Bigal, et al.; June 2002\n“Cephalalgia”; Prophylaxis of Migraine with Oral Magnesium: Results from a Prospective, Multi-Center, Placebo-Controlled and Double-Blind Randomized Study; A. Peikert, et al.; June 1996\nAbout the Author\nStephen Christensen started writing health-related articles in 1976 and his work has appeared in diverse publications including professional journals, “Birds and Blooms” magazine, poetry anthologies and children's books. He received his medical degree from the University of Utah School of Medicine and completed a three-year residency in family medicine at McKay-Dee Hospital Center in Ogden, Utah.\nMore Related Articles\nStudies About Calcium, Magnesium & Zinc for Arthritis Relief\nElectrolyte Imbalance and Magnesium\nRunning & Magnesium Depletion\nRelated Articles\nMagnesium Is Good for What?\nRead More\nMagnesium & Panic Attacks\nRead More\nGet Fit!\nTry our healthfully BMI and weight loss calculator!\nFoods That are Highest in Magnesium\nRead More\nMagnesium Deficiency & Ear Creases\nRead More\nAbout Us\nAdvertise\nContact Us\nCopyright Policy\nPrivacy Policy\nTerms of Use\nCopyright © 2019 Leaf Group Ltd. Use of this website constitutes acceptance of the HEALTHFULLY.COM Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The material appearing on HEALTHFULLY.COM is for educational use only. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. 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2019-04-21T06:40:46Z

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Dupixent (dupilumab) medicine information | myVMC\nAre you a Health Professional? Jump over to the doctors only platform. Click Here\n— Main Menu —HomeMedical Centres- Women’s Health- Men’s Health- Children’s Health- Allergy- Blood Centre- Bone- Brain- Cancer- Dental- Eye- Fitness- Gastro- Heart- Hormone- Infection- Joints- Kidney- Lungs and Breathing- Mental Health- Nutrition- Pain- Pregnancy Centre- Sexual Health- Skin- Weight LossNews- Latest Health News- Newsletter- Surveys- Clinical TrialsHealthy Living- Exercise- Family- General- Mental Health- Nutrition- Occupational Health and Safety- Parenting- Pregnancy and Lifestyle- Preventative Health- Recipes- Sexuality- Sleep- Smoking and AlcoholHealth Topics- View all Health Topics- Popular Health Topics- - Alcohol and Drinking- - Bed Wetting (Nocturnal Enuresis)- - Cancer: Overview- - Child Developmental Milestones- - Cold and Flu- - Erectile Dysfunction- - Melanoma- - Menopause- - Nutrition: Overview- - Testosterone DeficiencyVideos & Tools- Videos- - Popular Videos- - - Cardiovascular Disease Prevention- - - Dr Joe: Anal Bleeding- - - Dr Joe: Skin- - - Dr Joe: Stress Management- - - Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment- - - The Medical System – Bulk Billing & Medicare- Health ToolsDirectories & Support- Medical A to Z- Medical Dictionary- Supportive Care- Useful LinksMedical Professionals- Editorial Advisory Board- Case Studies- Research and Trials- Consult Magazine- Newsletters for Health ProfessionalsCompetitions- myVMC Competitions- Previous Competition Winners\nMedical Centres\nWomen’s Health\nMen’s Health\nChildren’s Health\nAllergy\nBlood Centre\nBone\nBrain\nCancer\nDental\nEye\nFitness\nGastro\nHeart\nHormone\nInfection\nJoints\nKidney\nLungs and Breathing\nMental Health\nNutrition\nPain\nPregnancy Centre\nSexual Health\nSkin\nWeight Loss\nNews\nLatest Health News\nNewsletter\nSurveys\nClinical Trials\nHealthy Living\nExercise\nFamily\nGeneral\nMental Health\nNutrition\nOccupational Health and Safety\nParenting\nPregnancy and Lifestyle\nPreventative Health\nRecipes\nSexuality\nSleep\nSmoking and Alcohol\nHealth Topics\nView all Health Topics\nPopular Health Topics\nAlcohol and Drinking\nBed Wetting (Nocturnal Enuresis)\nCancer: Overview\nChild Developmental Milestones\nCold and Flu\nErectile Dysfunction\nMelanoma\nMenopause\nNutrition: Overview\nTestosterone Deficiency\nVideos & Tools\nVideos\nPopular Videos\nCardiovascular Disease Prevention\nDr Joe: Anal Bleeding\nDr Joe: Skin\nDr Joe: Stress Management\nProstate Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment\nThe Medical System – Bulk Billing & Medicare\nHealth Tools\nDirectories & Support\nMedical A to Z\nMedical Dictionary\nSupportive Care\nUseful Links\nMedical Professionals\nEditorial Advisory Board\nCase Studies\nResearch and Trials\nConsult Magazine\nNewsletters for Health Professionals\nCompetitions\nmyVMC Competitions\nPrevious Competition Winners\nmyVMC\nAbout myVMC\nCareers\nContact Us\nCopyright Information\nCorrections\nEditorial Advisory Board\nImages\nInvestor Information\nOur Partners\nPrivacy Policy\nSitemap\nTerms of Use\nUser-Generated Content\nEditorial Advisory Board\nAdvertise\nAdvertise With Us\nAdvertising Policy\n— Top Menu —myVMC- About myVMC- Careers- Contact Us- Copyright Information- Corrections- Editorial Advisory Board- Images- Investor Information- Our Partners- Privacy Policy- Sitemap- Terms of Use- User-Generated ContentEditorial Advisory BoardAdvertise- Advertise With Us- Advertising Policy\nLogin\nSign up\nWhy myVMC?\nHome\n>\nDrugs\n>\nDupixent\nDupixent\nGeneric Name: dupilumab\nProduct Name: Dupixent\nIndication: What Dupixent is used for\nDupixent contains the active substance dupilumab.\nDupixent is used to treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (also known as atopic eczema) in adult patients.\nYour doctor will assess if Dupixent is appropriate for your condition.\nDupixent may be used with or without prescribed atopic dermatitis medicines that you apply to skin.\nAsk your doctor if you have any questions about why Dupixent has been prescribed for you.\n▼ This medicine is subject to additional monitoring. This will allow quick identification of new safety information. You can help by reporting any side effects you may get. You can report side effects to your doctor, or directly at www.tga.gov.au/reporting-problems.\nAction: How Dupixent works\nDupixent is an injectable prescription medicine that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 proteins by blocking a shared receptor. IL-4 and IL-13 play a major role in the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.\nDupixent belongs to a class of medicines called monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are proteins that specifically recognise and bind to other unique proteins in the body.\nThe active ingredient in Dupixent is dupilumab 300 mg.\nIt also contains the inactive ingredients acetic acid, arginine hydrochloride, histidine, polysorbate 80, sodium acetate, sucrose, and water for injections.\nDose advice: How to use Dupixent\nBefore you use it\nWhen you must not use it\nDo not use Dupixent if you have an allergy to:\nAny medicine containing dupilumab (the active ingredient) or any of the ingredients listed here;\nSome of the symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:\nRash, itching or hives on the skin;\nShortness of breath;\nWheezing or difficulty breathing;\nSwelling of the face, lips, tongue or other parts of the body.\nTell your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms.\nDupixent should not be used after the expiry date (exp) printed on the pack. If you use this medicine after the expiry date has passed, it may not work as well, or have an unexpected effect.\nDupixent should not be used if the packaging is torn or shows signs of tampering.\nDo not use Dupixent if the product appears cloudy, discoloured or contains particles, or if the syringe and/or needle cap appear damaged.\nDo not use Dupixent in a child or adolescent. Dupixent has not been studied for use in children or adolescents under 18 years old.\nIf you are not sure whether you should start using this medicine, talk to your Doctor.\nBefore you start to use it\nTell your doctor or pharmacist if you have allergies to any other medicines, or substances such as foods, preservatives or dyes.\nTell your doctor if you have any of the following, or if any of the following apply to you:\nHave a parasitic (helminth) infection;\nAre pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Dupixent will harm your unborn baby;\nAre breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known whether Dupixent passes into breast milk.\nHave recently received or are scheduled to receive a vaccine;\nAny new or worsening eye problems, including eye pain or changes in vision;\nHave any other medical conditions.\nIf you have not told your doctor about any of the above, tell them before you start using Dupixent.\nTaking other medicines\nTell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any other medicines, have recently taken, or might take any other medicines, including any that you get without a prescription from your pharmacy, supermarket or health food shop.\nIf you have asthma and are taking asthma medicines, do not change or stop your asthma medicine without talking to your doctor.\nYou should not receive a certain type of vaccine while taking Dupixent. Tell your doctor if you have recently received a vaccine or planned to receive a vaccine.\nHow to use Dupixent\nDupixent comes as a single-dose (1-time use) pre-filled syringe with or without needle shield. Your healthcare provider will prescribe the type that is best for you. Follow all directions given to you by your doctor and pharmacist carefully.\nRead carefully the “Dupixent Instructions for Use” provided in the carton. If you do not understand the instructions on the label or here, ask your doctor or pharmacist for help.\nHow to use it\nAlways check the syringe label before each injection to make sure you are using the right medicine.\nDupixent is clear and colourless to pale yellow solution that should not be shaken before use.\nDo not use Dupixent if it is not clear to pale yellow or if it contains particles.\nTo avoid discomfort, Dupixent should be removed from the refrigerator at least 45 minutes before your injection so that it reaches room temperature.\nThe syringe should not be exposed to heat or direct sunlight.\nThe injection can be self-administered or given by another person, after proper training in injection technique.\nDupixent syringes are pre-filled and ready to use. Once the contents have been injected, the syringe cannot be re-used.\nNever use a syringe if it is damaged, or you are not sure that it is working properly. Use a new syringe.\nUse the syringe within 14 days after taking it out of the refrigerator.\nDupixent is intended for injection under the skin.\nIf you do not understand the instructions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.\nHow much to use\nUse the dose that your doctor prescribes for you.\nDupixent is given as an injection under the skin (subcutaneously) once every two weeks.\nWhere to inject\nDupixent is injected under the skin (subcutaneous injection). You can inject into the thigh or abdomen, except for the 2 inches (5 cm) around the navel, using a single-dose prefilled syringe. If somebody else administers the injection, the upper arm can also be used. Use a different injection site each injection so that the same site is not used.\nDo not inject in an area where the skin that is tender, damaged, sunburnt or has bruises or scars.\nDo not inject Dupixent with other injectable medicines, at the same injection site.\nHow long to use it\nContinue using Dupixent for as long as your doctor recommends.\nMake sure you keep enough Dupixent to last when you go on holidays.\nIf you forget to use it\nIf you forget to use Dupixent, then administer the dose as soon as possible. Thereafter, resume dosing at the regularly scheduled time.\nIn case you are not sure when to inject Dupixent, call your doctor or pharmacist. It is important to use Dupixent as prescribed by your doctor.\nIf you take too much (overdose)\nImmediately telephone your doctor or the Poisons Information Centre (13 11 26) or go to accident and emergency at your nearest hospital, if you think that you have taken too much Dupixent. Do this even if there are no signs of discomfort or poisoning. You may need urgent medical attention.\nAlways take the outer carton of the medicine with you.\nWhile you are using it\nIf you experience any symptoms of an allergic reaction, stop using Dupixent and talk to your doctor immediately.\nThings you must do\nAlways follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.\nKeep Dupixent in a refrigerator (2°C – 8°C). Do not freeze. Do not expose to extreme heat.\nDupixent should be removed from the refrigerator at least 45 minutes before your injection to avoid discomfort.\nDupixent should not be exposed to heat or direct sunlight.\nIt is important to keep using Dupixent even if you feel well. Continuous use of Dupixent helps to control your condition.\nIf you become pregnant while you are using Dupixent, tell your doctor.\nTell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any other medicines, including any that you get without a prescription from your pharmacy, supermarket or health food shop. If you have asthma and are taking asthma medicines, do not change or stop your asthma medicine without talking to your doctor.\nIf you are about to be started on any new medicine, tell your doctor and pharmacist that you are taking Dupixent.\nThings you must not do\nDo not use Dupixent if you think it has been frozen or exposed to excessive heat (temperatures above 25°C).\nDo not give Dupixent to anyone else, even if they have the same condition as you.\nDo not stop taking your medicine without checking with your doctor.\nThings to be aware of\nDupixent is unlikely to influence your ability to drive and use machines.\nAfter using it\nStorage\nAll medicines should be kept where children cannot reach them.\nBefore use, keep Dupixent syringes in a refrigerator where the temperature is between 2-8°C. If necessary, pre-filled syringes can be kept at room temperature up to 25°C for a maximum of 14 days. Keep the syringes in the original carton to protect from light.\nDo not allow it to freeze. Discard if frozen.\nDo not expose to heat. Do not shake.\nIf you need to travel, make sure the medicine is kept at the right temperature. This is important whether travelling by car, bus, train, plane or any other form of transport.\nDisposal\nAfter injecting Dupixent, immediately throw away the used pre-filled syringe in a sharps container as instructed by your doctor or pharmacist.\nIf your doctor tells you to stop using Dupixent or the expiry date has passed, ask your pharmacist what to do with any medicine that is left over.\nSchedule of Dupixent\nDupixent is a prescription only medicine (Schedule 4).\nSide effects of Dupixent\nTell your Doctor as soon as possible if you do not feel well while you are using Dupixent. All medicines can have side effects. Sometimes they are serious, most of the time they are not. You may need medical attention if you get some of the side effects.\nDo not be alarmed by the following lists of side effects. You may not experience any of them.\nAsk your doctor or pharmacist to answer any questions you may have.\nTell your doctor if you notice any of the following side effects and they worry you or it does not go away:\nInjection site reactions;\nEye and eyelid inflammation (including redness/swelling/ itching);\nOral herpes (cold sores).\nDupixent can cause serious side effects, including generalized allergic (hypersensitivity) reactions can happen after you get your Dupixent injection.\nIf you have any signs of allergic (hypersensitivity) reaction stop using Dupixent, tell your doctor immediately or go to Accident and Emergency at your nearest hospital.\nThese are not all of the possible side effects of Dupixent. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some patients. Tell your doctor if you notice anything else that is making you feel unwell.\nFor further information talk to your doctor.\nReferences\nDupixent Consumer Medicine Information (CMI). Macquarie Park, NSW: Sanofi-Aventis Australia Pty Ltd. February 2018. [PDF]\nDupixent Product Information (PI). Macquarie Park, NSW: Sanofi-Aventis Australia Pty Ltd. March 2018. [PDF]\nDates\nPosted On: 4 December, 2018\nModified On: 4 December, 2018\nReviewed On: 4 December, 2018\nTags\nDermatology, Drugs, eczema, monoclonal antibody\nCreated by: myVMC\nin All CategoriesAnatomyDiseasesDrugsExperiencesInvestigationsLifestylesMedical DictionaryNewsNutritionResearch and TrialsSupplementsSupportiveSymptomsToolsTreatmentsVideos\nMedical Information\nMedical A to Z\nHealth Topics\nDrugs\nSupplements\nDevices\nDiseases\nAnatomy\nSymptoms\nTreatments\nHealthy Living\nMedical Tests\nVideos\nTools\nMy Experience\nResearch and Trials\nSupport\nMedical Dictionary\nmyVMC Newsletter\nJoin 20,000+ subscribers and receive the latest health news each month!\nCurrent Competitions\nOf Interest This Week\nEye care: Dr Joe Kosterich\nAlcohol: Responsible drinking\nAvoiding stress over the festive season\nHot on Parenthub\nFathers to be: What to pack for hospital\n10 tips for encouraging sharing (and discouraging self-interest) this Christmas\nDIY baby hand and feet moulds\nRecipe: Apple coleslaw\nAbout myVMC\nVirtual Medical Centre is Australia’s leading source for trustworthy medical information written by health professionals based on Australian guidelines. View more information about myVMC.\nPlease be aware that we do not give advice on your individual medical condition, if you want advice please see your treating physician.\nParenting information is available at Parenthub.com.au\nPartners and Accreditations\nThis site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information:\nverify here.\nCopyright 2002 - 2018 Virtual Medical Centre All Right Reserved.\nCopyright Information\nPrivacy Policy\nTerms of Use\nTop

2019-04-24T20:53:06Z

"https://www.myvmc.com/drugs/dupixent/"

www.myvmc.com

Four More Ways Magnesium Keeps You Healthy\nAdvertisement\nMenu\nSearch\nHealth Conditions\nHeart Health\nBlood Pressure\nCholesterol\nDiabetes Tips\nBladder\nBrain Function\nCancer\nPain\nArthritis\nGeneral Health\nRespiratory\nVision\nWomen’s Health\nVital Organs\nDigestion\nHealthy Living\nFood and Nutrition\nAlternative Remedies\nDiet\nVitamins\nExercise\nAnti-Aging\nHerbal Remedies\nNatural Remedies\nEssential Oils\nHomeopathy\nAllergies\nSkin Care\nNewsletters\nAbout Us\nContact Us\nFollow Us\nSearch for:\nThe Doctors Health Press e-Bulletin\nSign Up for the Latest Health News and Tips\nNeed more information, click here\nYes, I’m opting in for the FREE Doctors Health Press e-Bulletin:\nWe value your privacy\nHome » Food and Nutrition » Four More Benefits of Magnesium\nFour More Benefits of Magnesium\nBy Doctors Health Press Editorial Team - May 18, 2012\nDisclaimer: Results are not guaranteed*** and may vary from person to person***.\nDid you know that the unheralded magnesium helps with diabetes, migraine headaches, asthma and pregnancy problems? This third part of my series will help you understand how it might work for you.\n1. Diabetes\nA low magnesium blood level is often found in diabetic patients. This deficiency may increase their resistance to insulin and thereby adversely affect blood sugar control. On the other hand, magnesium supplements (i.e. 400 milligrams [mg] a day) improved blood sugar control in older adults with diabetes. So, at the moment, more hard evidence is needed before routine magnesium supplementation could be recommended for all diabetic patients.\nRECOMMENDED: Can Magnesium Fight Diabetes?\n2. Migraine Headache\nPatients with migraines often have low levels of magnesium in their cells. Several studies have shown that supplementing magnesium increases these mineral levels, helping decrease the frequency and severity of migraine headaches. In two reliable studies, taking 600 mg of magnesium every day wound up decreasing the frequency of migraines compared to the placebo-treated patients. Then there are those studies that showed the opposite; and one found that magnesium supplements showed no benefit in preventing migraines. Again, here the role of magnesium is fairly controversial.\n3. Asthma\nThe role of magnesium in an asthma attack is uncertain. In one double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 38 patients who experienced asthmatic attacks, magnesium administered intravenously resulted in improved lung function and a reduced likelihood of hospitalization. However, in another well-conducted study involving 48 adults with an asthma attack, magnesium supplementation\ndid not lead to improved lung function.\n4. Preeclampsia-Eclampsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy)\nPreeclampsia is a condition that develops during pregnancy (20 weeks of pregnancy to six weeks after birth), where women have high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and severe swelling. If they get seizures, too, it’s called eclampsia. Approximately seven percent of pregnant women in the U.S. develop preeclampsia-eclampsia. About five percent of women with preeclampsia will later develop\neclampsia, which is responsible for a significant number of maternal deaths. Magnesium has been successfully used to treat this condition over 70 years for the prevention of seizures. Moreover, magnesium is a standard treatment over the last 40 years for eclampsia with a dramatic reduction in both maternal and neonatal morbidity.\nOne big study with 1,089 women with eclampsia with high blood pressure found convincing evidence that magnesium was far superior to the standard anticonvulsant, phenytoin, in preventing eclamptic seizures. As you can see, this is one promising mineral, but more evidence is needed (as usual).\nSee the previous articles in this series: The Most Critical Nutrient in Your Body How This Mineral Could Protect You from Heart Disease and More\nShare:\nFrom Around the Web\nAdvertisement\nTags: Asthma, Blood Sugar, Magnesium, Migraines, Potential Natural Treatments For Diabetes\nRelated Topics\nAdvertisement\nAdvertisement\nDON'T MISS THIS\nWhat Causes Dizziness When Lying Down?\nTop 10 Folliculitis Home Remedies\nHeart Palpitations at Night: Common Causes and How to Treat\nSternum Popping: Why Does My Chest Pop?\nEssential Oils for Cough, Cold and Congestion\nSudden High Blood Pressure: Causes, Symptoms and Prevention Tips\nSore Throat on One Side: 7 Causes and Treatments\nFlu vs a Cold: What’s the Difference?\nHow Many Squats a Day\nNatural Remedies for the Burning Sensation in Your Stomach After Eating\nAdvertisement\nHEALTHY FOOD IDEAS\nHibiscus Tea: Health Benefits, Nutrition, Side Effects, and Recipes\nVegetable Oil Substitutes: 5 Healthy Alternatives for Baking, Frying, and More\nEating Ice: Is It Bad or Good for You?\nHow to Treat Nausea After Eating Eggs or Chicken\nKefir vs. Yogurt: Which One Is Better?\nAdvertisement\nTOP HEALTH STORIES\nDiarrhea after Eating: Causes and Natural Treatments\nTop 11 Homeopathic Remedies for High Blood Pressure\nHeavy Breathing: Common Causes and Treatments\nPineapple Juice for Cough: Effective Homemade Cough Remedies\nPain in the Left Temple of the Head: 10 Causes and Treatments\nWhat Are These Tiny Red Spots on My Skin (Petechiae)?\nWhy Is My Skin Sensitive to the Touch?\nWhy Do I Have a Lump behind My Ear?\n10 Ways to Control Blood Sugar without Medication\nAdvertisement\nAdvertisement\nABOUT DOCTORS HEALTH PRESS\nBreakthrough Health Resources\nAbout Us\nContact Us\nPrivacy Policy & Terms of Use\nSitemap\nHEALTHY LIVING\nFood and Nutrition\nNatural Remedies\nEssential Oils\nSkin Care\nAlternative Remedies\nCONNECT WITH US\nDisclaimer: The information contained herein is for information purposes only and is not to be construed as a diagnosis, treatment, preventive, or cure for any disease, disorder, or abnormal physical state, nor should it be considered a substitute for medical care from your doctor. On any matter relating to your health or well-being—and prior to undertaking any health-related activity—consult an appropriate health professional. The opinions herein are exactly that, they are the opinions of the author. Doctors Health Press and its employees are not responsible for medically unsupervised activities that could be harmful to your health. Results are not guaranteed*** and may vary from person to person***. All of the Doctors Health Press publications come with a 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you’re not satisfied with your newsletter, you can simply cancel your subscription and receive a pro-rated refund on all undelivered issues. For our books and special reports, we will give you a full refund of your purchase price within 30 days of your order. We pride ourselves on excellent customer service.\nDisclaimer: The information contained herein is for information purposes only and is not to be construed as a diagnosis, treatment, preventive, or cure for any disease, disorder, or abnormal physical state, nor should it be considered a substitute for medical care from your doctor. On any matter relating to your health or well-being—and prior to undertaking any health-related activity—consult an appropriate health professional. The opinions herein are exactly that, they are the opinions of the author. Doctors Health Press and its employees are not responsible for medically unsupervised activities that could be harmful to your health. Results are not guaranteed*** and may vary from person to person***. All of the Doctors Health Press publications come with a 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you’re not satisfied with your newsletter, you can simply cancel your subscription and receive a pro-rated refund on all undelivered issues. For our books and special reports, we will give you a full refund of your purchase price within 30 days of your order. We pride ourselves on excellent customer service.\n© 2019 Doctors Health Press. | All Rights Reserved.

2019-04-23T16:50:00Z

"https://www.doctorshealthpress.com/food-and-nutrition-articles/four-more-benefits-of-magnesium/"

www.doctorshealthpress.com

Provillus Hair Loss Treatment Men | Treat Hair Loss Now\nMenu\nHome\nAbout\nPrivacy Policy\nFacts Not Faked\nCauses of Hair Loss (Men)\nCauses of Hair Loss (Women)\nDHT Hair Loss Treatment\nLight Therapy and Hair Loss\nSupplements\nBest Hair Loss Supplements\nDoes Nutrafol Work?\nShampoos & Conditioners\nTop 10 Shampoo for Hair Loss (updated 2018)\nNisim Newhair Biofactors\nArt Naturals Shampoo\nArt Naturals Organic Argan Oil Shampoo\nShampoo That Makes Hair Grow?\nSimply Organic Black Jamaican Castor Oil Shampoo\nLipogaine Big 3 Hair Loss Shampoo\nLipogaine Big 3 Shampoo (Purple Label)\nUltrax Labs Hair Surge\nUltrax Labs Hair Solace Caffeine Hair Loss Hair Growth Stimulating Conditioner\nHair Loss Treatment\nArgan Oil for Hair Growth\nNanogen Serum for Women\nNanogen Hair Serum (Men)\nCold Pressed Castor Oil For Hair Growth\nBest Oil For Hair Growth\nJamaican Castor Oil For Hair Growth\nUltrax Labs Hair Plush (Lush Hair Loss Hair Growth Thickening Treatment)\nBest Natural Hair Loss Treatment\nProvillus Hair Loss Treatment – Men\nLasers and Light Therapy\nLaser Treatment for Hair Loss\niRestore Hair Growth System – Six Months On …\nDoes Hairmax Work?\nCapillus Laser Cap\nDoes iRestore Really Work?\nContact\nTake this QUIZ!\nHome\nAbout\nPrivacy Policy\nFacts Not Faked\nCauses of Hair Loss (Men)\nCauses of Hair Loss (Women)\nDHT Hair Loss Treatment\nLight Therapy and Hair Loss\nSupplements\nBest Hair Loss Supplements\nDoes Nutrafol Work?\nShampoos & Conditioners\nTop 10 Shampoo for Hair Loss (updated 2018)\nNisim Newhair Biofactors\nArt Naturals Shampoo\nArt Naturals Organic Argan Oil Shampoo\nShampoo That Makes Hair Grow?\nSimply Organic Black Jamaican Castor Oil Shampoo\nLipogaine Big 3 Hair Loss Shampoo\nLipogaine Big 3 Shampoo (Purple Label)\nUltrax Labs Hair Surge\nUltrax Labs Hair Solace Caffeine Hair Loss Hair Growth Stimulating Conditioner\nHair Loss Treatment\nArgan Oil for Hair Growth\nNanogen Serum for Women\nNanogen Hair Serum (Men)\nCold Pressed Castor Oil For Hair Growth\nBest Oil For Hair Growth\nJamaican Castor Oil For Hair Growth\nUltrax Labs Hair Plush (Lush Hair Loss Hair Growth Thickening Treatment)\nBest Natural Hair Loss Treatment\nProvillus Hair Loss Treatment – Men\nLasers and Light Therapy\nLaser Treatment for Hair Loss\niRestore Hair Growth System – Six Months On …\nDoes Hairmax Work?\nCapillus Laser Cap\nDoes iRestore Really Work?\nContact\nTake this QUIZ!\nHome\n/\nHair Loss Treatment\n/\nProvillus Hair Loss Treatment – Men\nProvillus Hair Loss Treatment – Men\nAdmin\nProvillus Hair Loss Treatment (Men)\nOverall Rating\n3.5\nSummary\nFor my husband, Provillus helped to stop the hair loss and stimulate some hair growth after using two bottles.\nThe product contains Minoxidil, which must be used continuously once started. It has to be applied twice a day and we are uncertain of the long term effects (if any) of this application.\nProvillus Hair Loss Treatment – Men\nIt was in early 2016 that I came across Provillus Hair Loss Treatment for men and was excited to get hubby to try.\nReading reviews on the product gets me even more motivated to buy the product for hubby, particularly that I could hardly find any reviews (at that point) that talked about negative side effects from users who tried the product.\nWhat’s in Provillus?\nMy initial concern though was the main ingredient used in the product – Minoxidil.\nQuestions ran through my mind :\nWhat is Minoxidil?\nIs this ingredient safe to use, even for the longer term?\nDoes it have side effects?\nIs it ok to be used by men and women?\nMinoxidil for Hair Loss\nBelieve it or not, Minoxidil was a drug given to patients with high blood pressure. Side effects for some patients taking the drug include the growth of darker and thicker facial hair.\nFurther studies revealed that Minoxidil, when topically applied, can induce hair growth in some people. Hence, the use of Minoxidil in some anti-hair loss products such as Provillus.\nA consolation is that (as topical application for hair-loss sufferers),\nMinoxidil is deemed safe to use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).\nGenerally each strand of our hair grows for about 1,000 days before it falls out. In men and women who experience hair loss, the lifespan of their hair gets shorter, hair follicles get smaller and the hair becomes finer and more delicate.\nSounds depressing? I know ….\nAdditionally, as we age, our hair follicles become more sensitive to the hormones DHT, leading to hair falling out.\nProducts containing Minoxidil is believed to help with hair loss in that it stimulates blood flow to the area where it is applied. This subsequently has the effect of extending the ‘lifespan’ of the hair, simultaneously encouraging hair growth.\nYou might have come across terms like ‘Minoxidil 2’ and ‘Minoxidil 5’ which essentially refers to the concentration of the solution.\nMinoxidil with 2 percent concentration is tailored for women while Minoxidil with 5 percent concentration is meant for men.\nDoes Provillus Really Work?\nProvillus is recommended to be used twice a day, being applied more to the affected areas, rather than all over the scalp. It’s best to keep the scalp clean and dry before use. Therefore, you wouldn’t want to apply it right after washing your hair.\nSome men have reported seeing positive results just a few months after using Provillus. Yet there are others who don’t have such ‘luck’ with Provillus. Why does it work on some but not on others?\nPerhaps, users’ differing experience with using Provillus can be attributed to :\nStage of hair loss – Those who saw positive results with Provillus began to use the product at earlier stages of their hair loss. Younger men, would experience more encouraging results with Provillus, particularly if they begin to use the product early, as soon as they notice abnormal loss of hair.\nMen who already have balding patches may not be able to grow new hair after using Provillus as Minoxidil will not be as effective in such instances.\nConsistent Application – Those who apply Provillus conscientiously on their scalp two times a day see better results.\nSome men who have seen positive results with Provillus might also have combined taking supplement finasteride or Propecia. Propecia, is prescribed to treat hair loss as it prevents testosterone from converting into DHT.\nOur REAL Experience\nI ordered the three months supply for hubby. At the time that he started using Provillus, hubby was also using Lipogaine shampoo.\nThere wasn’t much difference after finishing the first bottle of Provillus. However, hubby noticed less hair fall after using the second bottle. It was an indication that Provillus at least helped with the hair loss but we weren’t certain at that point if it helped to grow new hair.\nBy the third month, I noticed that there was some new hair growth but it wasn’t as thick or as much as that shown on the head of the man in the Provillus official site.\nThen came end of the year – the holiday season. We went on vacation and didn’t bring Provillus with us. A few weeks later, hubby found that more hair started to fall (same amount as before he started on Provillus).\nThis could be due to the fact that hubby had stopped using Provillus for a while. So I thought it could be true that once you start using Minoxidil, it is not advisable to stop as the hair loss would return.\nHubby decided to stop using Provillus altogether as he didn’t want to be dependent on Minoxidil (despite finding that there are no side effects from using the 5 percent concentration solution as topical use for the longer term).\nIt isn’t that Provillus doesn’t work to help with the hair loss. For hubby, it’s more of the need to apply it twice a day in order to see it work that made him decide to stop using it.\nOver time, he finds it rather taxing to be applying twice a day, particularly in the mornings when he’s rushing to work.\nTweet Pin It\nSimilar Posts\nDoes Hairmax Work?\nHair Loss Treatment, Lasers and Light Therapy\nBest Natural Hair Loss Treatment\nHair Loss Treatment\nAbout The Author\nAdmin\nWe are all about managing hair loss. We may not have tried ALL the products out there that claim to fight this problem. But we have tried plenty to know that treating hair loss is not impossible. Particularly with androgenetic alopecia, reducing or stopping hair loss can be achieved and regrowth can happen if you use appropriate products (that suit you) or a combination of some. Certainly one size does not fit all ... and don't fantasize about having Goldilocks hair just within days of using a product. Like most things in life, it's all about patience when dealing with hair loss. The right product, given some time, CAN give you the results that you want. Feel free to browse and should you have any experience with any of the products featured, do drop us your comments. We'd love to hear from you!\nAdd Your Comment\nCancel reply\nLIKE us on Facebook\nRecent Posts\nFive Best Men’s Haircut for Thinning Crown\nRed Light Therapy in Hair Loss\nLaser Treatment for Hair Loss\nDoes Hairmax Work?\nCapillus Laser Cap\nNisim Newhair Biofactors\nArt Naturals Shampoo\niRestore Hair Growth System – Six Months On …\nArgan Oil Shampoo & Conditioner by Shiny Leaf\nShampoo That Makes Hair Grow?\n© Copyright 2019, Treat Hair Loss Now Theme by MyThemeShop\nWill Lasers and LEDs Work for Hair Loss?LEARN MORE HERE!

2019-04-19T16:29:20Z

"https://treathairlossnow.com/provillus-hair-loss-treatment-men"

treathairlossnow.com

Arthritis - Better Life Whole Foods\nMy Account\nContact Us\nHome\nAbout Us\nReference Library\nConditions & Allergies\nHealth & Wellness\nVitamins & Minerals\nDiet\nFunctional Foods\nBeauty\nTherapies\nChildren's Health\nAdolescent's Health\nWomen's Health\nMen's Health\nSenior's Health\nGenetics\nDrugs\nThe Integrative Health Group\nNews\nIngredient Glossary\nTable of Contents > Conditions > Arthritis\nArthritis\nRelated Terms\nBackground\nSigns and symptoms\nDiagnosis\nComplications\nTreatment\nIntegrative therapies\nPrevention\nAuthor information\nBibliography\nCauses\nIntegrative Therapy Quick Links:\nAcupuncture Chondroitin Glucosamine Willow bark Avocado Borage seed oil Devil's claw Glucosamine Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid Physical therapy Psychotherapy Rose hip SAMe TENS(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) Yoga Acupuncture Alpinia Aromatherapy Arnica Ash Ashwagandha Astaxanthin Ayurveda Beta carotene Beta sitosterol Black cohosh Black currant Boron Boswellia Bowen therapy Bromelain Cat's claw Chiropractic Chlorophyll Copper DHEA DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) Dong quai Eucalyptus oil Evening primrose oil Feverfew Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) Ginger Glucosamine Green lipped mussel Green tea Guggul Guided imagery Hops Hydrotherapy Hypnotherapy Lavender Magnet therapy Massage Mistletoe Moxibustion MSM Niacin Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) Papain Peony Physical therapy Podophyllum Prayer, distant healing Probiotics Propolis Reishi mushroom Relaxation therapy Selenium Shark cartilage Soy Spiritual healing Stinging nettle Tai chi TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) Thymus extract Turmeric Zinc Green lipped mussel Selenium Vitamin E Willow bark\nRelated Terms\nArthrocentesis, arthroscope, arthroscopic debridement, arthroscopic lavage, autoimmune, autoimmune disease, autoimmune disorder, autoimmunity, cartilage, corticosteroid, degenerative joint disease, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, DMARDs, frozen shoulder, joint disease, immune system, immunosuppressants, inflammation, joint, joint disease, joint inflammation, joint replacement, nodules, osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis, periarthritis, rheumatoid, rheumatoid arthritis.\nBackground\nThe term arthritis literally means joint inflammation or swelling. More than 100 different diseases fall under the general category of arthritis. Arthritis conditions affect the joints, the tissues surrounding the affected joints, and other connective tissues.\nCommon forms of arthritis include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periarthritis.\nOsteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease or osteoarthrosis, occurs when the cartilage in the joints starts to break down. The cartilage serves as a cushion between bones, allowing the joint to move without pain. Therefore, patients with osteoarthritis experience pain and reduced mobility in their joints. Osteoarthritis may affect any joint in the body.\nOsteoarthritis occurs most often in individuals older than 45 years, but it may develop at any age. Females are more likely to develop the disorder than males, suggesting that heredity may play a role in the development of the condition. Individuals who are obese, have weak muscles, have cartilage disorders, and/or have malformed joints have an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis.\nRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that occurs when the body's immune system, which normally fights against disease and infection, attacks itself. Unlike osteoarthritis, which only affects the bones and cartilage, rheumatoid arthritis may also cause swelling in other areas of the body.\nWomen are two to three times more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis than men. Most cases of rheumatoid arthritis occur in individuals who are 20-50 years old. However, rheumatoid arthritis may also develop in young children and older adults. Although there is currently no cure for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, treatment can help reduce pain and help individuals remain active.\nPeriarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of a joint and the tissues surrounding it. The condition primarily affects patients who are 50 years old or older. Periarthritis most commonly affects the shoulder. Periarthritis of the shoulder is also called adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder. Patients typically receive cortisol injections, anti-inflammatories, and physical therapy. Without aggressive treatment, periarthritis of the shoulder can be permanent.\nSigns and symptoms\nOsteoarthritis: Because osteoarthritis develops slowly, many patients do not experience symptoms right away. Once symptoms develop, they are generally the worst during the first year of the disease. Common symptoms include joint pain, swelling and/or stiffness in a joint (especially after use), joint discomfort before or during a change in the weather, bony lumps on the fingers, and loss of joint flexibility. The joints that are most often affected by osteoarthritis include the fingers, spine, and weight-bearing joints, such as the hips, ankles, feet, and knees.\nIf patients overuse the affected joints and do not receive treatment, the cartilage in the joints may wear down completely. When this happens, the bone may rub against bone, causing severe pain.\nRheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis often affects many joints at the same time. The severity of symptoms varies among patients. Symptoms, which may come and go, typically include pain and swelling in the joints (especially in the hands and feet), generalized aching or stiffness of the joints and muscles (especially after periods of rest), loss of motion of the affected joints, weakness in the muscles near the affected joints, low-grade fever, and general feeling of discomfort. In general, both sides of the body are affected equally. For instance, if arthritis is in the hands, both hands will be equally affected. Early in the disease, the joints in the hands, wrists, feet, and knees are most frequently affected. Over time, arthritis may develop in the shoulders, elbows, jaw, hips, and neck.\nOver time, the joints may become deformed. Small lumps, called rheumatoid nodules, may develop under the skin at pressure points. These lumps, which range from the size of a pea to a quarter, may be visible near the elbows, hands, feet, Achilles tendons, back of the scalp, knee, or lungs. Rheumatoid nodules are not painful. However, bone deformities or swelling may reduce the flexibility of the joints.\nIn addition to the joints, other areas of the body may also be affected. Rheumatoid arthritis may cause swelling in other parts of the body, including the tear ducts, salivary glands, the lining of the heart, the lungs, and occasionally, blood vessels.\nPeriarthritis: Periarthritis causes swelling and pain in the joint. Most patients develop periarthritis of the shoulder. When the shoulder is affected, the joint's mobility is significantly or completely reduced aggressive treatment is started.\nDiagnosis\nGeneral: Once patients are diagnosed with arthritis, they should visit their healthcare providers regularly, at least once a year. Patients should stay in close contact with their physicians to ensure that their symptoms are managed and to monitor joint damage.\nOsteoarthritis: X-rays are often the first test performed if a patient has symptoms of osteoarthritis. If the patient has osteoarthritis, the X-ray images will often show loss of cartilage in the affected joints, narrowing of the space between bones, and bumps called nodules.\nA procedure called arthrocentesis may also be performed at a healthcare provider's office. During the procedure, a needle is inserted into the affected joint and a small sample of fluid is removed. The fluid is then analyzed to rule out other conditions, such as gout or infection. This test may also temporarily relieve some pain and inflammation in the joint.\nA surgical procedure called arthroscopy may also be performed. During the surgery, a small incision is made into the affected joint. Then a tube called an arthroscope is inserted into the joint. This tube has a small light and camera, which allow the healthcare provider to see the inside of the joint. If abnormalities such as cartilage or ligament damage are seen, the patient is diagnosed with osteoarthritis.\nRheumatoid arthritis: A blood test may be performed to determine if an antibody called the rheumatoid factor is present. Most patients with rheumatoid arthritis eventually have this abnormal protein in their blood. However, it may not present when symptoms first develop. If rheumatoid factor is present, a positive diagnosis is made. If patients test negative but rheumatoid arthritis is suspected, a healthcare provider may recommend treatment to reduce symptoms. Another test may be performed in the future to confirm a diagnosis.\nPeriarthritis: Periarthritis is usually diagnosed after a healthcare provider takes a detailed medical history and performs a physical examination. The affected joint will have very limited mobility. In some cases, an X-ray may be needed to confirm a diagnosis. During the procedure, a contrast dye is injected into the affected joint and X-rays are taken. If the patient has periarthritis, the joint will appear shrunken and scarred.\nComplications\nCosmetic concerns: Arthritis may cause small bumps, called nodules, to form on bones. These bumps can occur on any joint, but they are most common in the hands. These nodules may be disfiguring.\nDepression: Some arthritis patients may suffer from depression. This may happen if the arthritis interferes significantly with the patient's lifestyle. Patients should consult their healthcare providers if they experience feelings of sadness, low self-esteem, loss of pleasure, apathy, and sometimes, difficulty functioning for two weeks or longer, with no known underlying cause. These may be signs of depression.\nJoint damage: In some cases, arthritis can lead to severe joint damage. In such cases, surgery, such as a joint replacement, may be necessary. Patients should regularly visit their healthcare providers to monitor their conditions.\nLimited mobility: Patients with arthritis may have limited mobility in their joints. Joint mobility decreases as the joint becomes more damaged. Patients with periarthritis of the shoulder, also called frozen shoulder, may be completely unable to move their joint without aggressive treatment. If arthritis is not properly managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, arthritis may interfere with a patient's daily life.\nPain: Arthritis may cause severe pain. Patients should stay in close contact with their healthcare providers to ensure that their medications are properly managing the pain. In some cases, the medication or dosage may need to be changed.\nTreatment\nGeneral: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periarthritis are managed with medications that reduce pain and inflammation. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may also require treatment with medications that weaken the immune system, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage.\nIn order to properly manage pain and prevent joint damage, patients should take their medications exactly as prescribed by their healthcare providers. Patients should also tell their healthcare providers if they are taking any other drugs (prescription or over-the-counter) because they may interfere with treatment.\nAbatacept (Orencia®): Abatacept (Orencia®) is a type of drug called a costimulation modulator. Abatacept reduces inflammation and joint damaged caused by rheumatoid arthritis. The drug prevents white blood cells, called T-cells, from attacking the joints. Patients receive a monthly injection through a vein in the arms.\nSide effects may include headache, nausea, and mild infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections. Serious infections, such as pneumonia, may develop.\nAntidepressants: Some patients with arthritis may also suffer from depression. Commonly prescribed anti-depressants for arthritis patients include amitriptyline (Elavil®), nortriptyline (Aventyl®, Pamelor®), and trazodone (Desyrel®).\nArthroscopic lavage and/or debridement: In some cases, patients with osteoarthritis may suffer from severe joint damage. In such cases, surgical procedures called arthroscopic lavage and/or arthroscopic debridement may be recommended. During the surgery, a small incision is made near the joint. A small tubular instrument called an arthroscope is then inserted. The arthroscope has a small light and camera attached to it, allowing the surgeon to see inside the joint. During arthroscopic lavage, the surgeon squirts saline into the joint to remove any blood, fluid, or loose debris inside the joint. During arthroscopic debridement, loose fragments of bone or cartilage are removed from the joint. In some cases, built up scar tissue may also be removed.\nBoth of these procedures may provide temporary pain relief and improved joint function. However, recent studies suggest that they may not be effective in some patients with osteoarthritis. Therefore, patients should discuss the potential risks and health benefits of the procedure with their healthcare providers.\nCorticosteroids: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone (e.g. Deltasone®) and methylprednisolone (Medrol®), have been used to reduce inflammation and pain and slow joint damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis. These drugs are generally very effective when used short-term. However, if these drugs are used for many months to years, they may become less effective and serious side effects may develop. Side effects may include easy bruising, thinning of bones, cataracts, weight gain, a round face, and diabetes.\nOccasionally, corticosteroids are used to treat patients with severe osteoarthritis. The medication is injected into the affected joints to reduce pain and inflammation.\nPatients with periarthritis typically receive corticosteroid injections into affected joints to reduce pain and inflammation.\nCorticosteroids are usually prescribed for a certain amount of time and then the patient is gradually tapered off the medication. Patients should not stop taking corticosteroids suddenly or change their dosages without first consulting their healthcare providers.\nCool compress or ice pack: Applying a cool compress or ice pack to the affected joint during a flare-up may help reduce swelling and pain.\nDisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): During the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis, patients typically receive disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to limit the amount of permanent joint damage. These drugs may take weeks to months before they begin to take effect. Therefore, they are often used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids. Commonly prescribed DMARDs include the gold compound auranofin (Ridaura®), hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®), minocycline (Dynacin® or Minocin®), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®), and methotrexate (Rheumatrex®).\nHeat: Applying a hot pack to affected joints may help reduce pain, relax muscles, and increase blood flow to the joint. It may also be an effective treatment before exercise. Alternatively, patients may take a hot shower or bath before exercise to help reduce pain.\nImmunosuppressants: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may take prescription drugs called immunosuppressants. These medications weaken the body's immune system, which limits the amount of joint damage. Commonly prescribed immunosuppressants include leflunomide (Arava®), azathioprine (Imuran®), cyclosporine (Neoral®, Sandimmune®), and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®).\nThese medications may have serious side effects, including increased risk of infections, kidney problems, high blood pressure, and decreased levels of red blood cells. Other side effects may include increased hair growth, loss of appetite, vomiting, and upset stomach.\nFusing bones: If there is serious joint damage, the bones of a joint, such as the ankle, may be surgically fused to together in a procedure called arthrodesis. This surgery helps increase stability and reduces pain. However, the joint no longer has any flexibility and cannot bend or move.\nJoint replacement surgery: In some cases, patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis suffer from permanent joint damage. In such instances, joint replacement surgery may be necessary. During the procedure, the damaged joint is surgically removed and it is replaced with a plastic or metal device called a prosthesis. The most commonly replaced joints are the hip and knee, but other joints, including the elbow, shoulder, finger, or ankle joints, can be replaced.\nJoint replacement surgeries are generally most successful for large joints, such as the hip or knee. According to the American College of Rheumatology, most hip and knee replacements last for 20 years or longer. After a successful surgery and several months of rehabilitation, patients are able to use their new joints without pain.\nAs with any major surgery, there are risks associated with joint replacements. Patients should discuss the potential health risks and benefits of surgery with their healthcare providers.\nLifestyle: Many lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, weight management, and healthy diet may help reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis. A healthcare provider may recommend a physical therapist or nutritionist to help a patient determine the best treatment plan for him/her.\nIndividuals with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis should wear comfortable footwear that properly supports their weight. This may reduce the amount of strain put on the joints during walking.\nPatients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis may require canes, walkers, or other devices to help them get around. If the hands are severely affected, braces may be beneficial. Patients should talk to their healthcare providers about assistive devices that are available.\nIndividuals with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis should maintain good posture. This allows the body's weight to be evenly distributed among joints.\nNon-selective Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used to relieve pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periarthritis. Commonly used over-the-counter NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil® or Motrin®) and naproxen sodium (Aleve®). Higher doses of these drugs are also available by prescription. Commonly prescribed NSAIDs include diclofenac (Cataflam® or Voltaren®), nabumetone (Relafen®), and ketoprofen (Orudis®). NSAIDs may be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, or applied to the skin. These medications are generally taken long term to manage symptoms.\nThe frequency and severity of side effects vary. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, decreased appetite, rash, dizziness, headache, and drowsiness. The most serious side effects include kidney failure, liver failure, ulcers, heart-related problems, and prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery. About 15% of patients who receive long-term NSAID treatment develop ulcers in the stomach or duodenum.\nPain relievers: Prescription pain relievers, including tramadol (Ultram®), have been used to reduce pain caused by osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Although this drug, which is available by prescription, does not reduce swelling, it has fewer side effects than NSAIDs. Tramadol is generally taken as a short-term treatment to reduce symptoms of flare-ups.\nNarcotic pain relievers, such as acetaminophen/codeine (Tylenol with Codeine®), hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Lorcet®, Lortab®, or Vicodi®), or oxycodone (OxyContin® or Roxicodone®), may be prescribed to treat severe arthritis pain. However, they do not reduce swelling. These medications are only used short-term to treat flare-ups. Common side effects include constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, and difficulty urinating. Narcotic pain relievers should be used cautiously because patients may become addicted to them.\nRituximab (Rituxan®): A medication called rituximab (Rituxan®) has been used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This medication, which is injected into the patient's vein, reduces the number of B-cells in the body. This medication helps reduce swelling because the B-cells are involved in inflammation.\nSide effects may include flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, and nausea. Some people experience extreme reactions to the infusion, such as difficulty breathing and heart problems.\nSelective COX-2 inhibitors: Celecoxib (Celebrex®) has been taken by mouth to reduce pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or periarthritis. Celecoxib is currently the only COX-2 inhibitor that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Celecoxib is generally taken long term to manage symptoms.\nCOX-2 inhibitors have been linked to an increased risk of serious heart-related side effects, including heart attack and stroke. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have also been shown to increase the risk of stomach bleeding, fluid retention, kidney problems, and liver damage. Less serious side effects may include headache, indigestion, upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, sinus inflammation, stomach pain, and nausea.\nTopical pain relievers: Topical pain relievers are creams, ointments, gels, and sprays that are applied to the skin. Many over-the-counter pain relievers may temporarily help reduce the pain caused by osteoarthritis. Products such as Aspercreme®, Sportscreme®, Icy Hot®, and Ben-Gay® may help reduce arthritis pain. Capsaicin cream, which is made from the seeds of hot peppers, may reduce pain in joints that are close to the skin surface, such as the fingers, knees, and elbows.\nIntegrative therapies\nStrong scientific evidence:\nAcupuncture: Acupuncture is commonly used throughout the world. According to Chinese medicine theory, the human body contains a network of energy pathways through which vital energy, called chi, circulates. These pathways contain specific \"points\" that function like gates, allowing chi to flow through the body. Needles are inserted into these points to regulate the flow of chi. There has been substantial research into the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Most studies focus on knee, cervical, and hip OA symptoms. In recent years, the evidence has improved and is now considered strong enough to recommend trying acupuncture in OA of the knee, which is one of the most common forms of this condition.\nNeedles must be sterile in order to avoid disease transmission. Avoid with valvular heart disease, infections, bleeding disorders, medical conditions of unknown origin, neurological disorders, or if taking anticoagulants. Avoid on areas that have received radiation therapy and during pregnancy. Avoid electroacupuncture with irregular heartbeat or in patients with pacemakers. Use cautiously with pulmonary disease (like asthma or emphysema). Use cautiously in elderly or medically compromised patients, diabetics or with a history of seizures.\nChondroitin: Multiple clinical trials have examined the use of oral chondroitin in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and other joints (spine, hips, and finger joints). Most of these studies have reported significant benefits in terms of symptoms (such as pain), function (such as mobility), and reduced medication requirements (such as anti-inflammatory). The weight of scientific evidence points to a beneficial effect when chondroitin is used for six to 24 months. Longer-term effects are not clear. Preliminary studies of topical chondroitin have also been conducted.\nAvoid with prostate cancer or an increased risk of prostate cancer. Use cautiously if allergic or hypersensitive to chondroitin sulfate products or with shellfish allergy. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders or if taking blood-thinners like warfarin (like Coumadin®). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGlucosamine: Glucosamine is a natural compound that is found in healthy cartilage. Based on human research, there is strong evidence to support the use of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis. Most studies have used glucosamine sulfate supplied by one European manufacturer (Rotta Research Laboratorium), and it is not known if glucosamine preparations made by other manufacturers are equally effective. Although some studies of glucosamine have not found benefits, these have either included patients with severe osteoarthritis or used products other than glucosamine sulfate. The evidence for the effect of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate is conflicting and merits further investigation. More well-designed clinical trials are needed to confirm safety and effectiveness, and to test different formulations of glucosamine.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to shellfish or iodine. Some reports suggest a link between glucosamine/chondroitin products and asthma. Use cautiously with diabetes or with a history of bleeding disorders. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nWillow bark: Willow (Salix alba) bark that contains salicin has been used to treat many different kinds of pain. Willow bark is a traditional analgesic (pain relieving) therapy for osteoarthritis. Several studied have confirmed this finding. Additional study comparing willow bark to conventional medicinal agents for safety and effectiveness is warranted.\nAvoid if allergic/hypersensitive to aspirin, willow bark (Salix spp.), or any of its constituents, including salicylates. Avoid operating heavy machinery. Avoid in children with chickenpox and any other viral infections. Avoid with blood disorders or kidney disorders. Avoid if taking other NSAIDs, acetazolamide or other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Avoid with elevated serum cadmium levels. Use cautiously with gastrointestinal problems, such as ulcers, hepatic disorders, diabetes, gout, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, history of allergy or asthma, or leukemia. Use cautiously if taking protein-bound medications, antihyperlipidemia agents, alcohol, leukemia medications, beta-blockers, diuretics, Phenytoin (Dilantin®), probenecid, spironolactone, sulfonylureas, valproic acid, or methotrexate. Use cautiously if predisposed to headaches. Use cautiously with tannin-containing herbs or supplements. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGood scientific evidence:\nAvocado: A combination of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) has been found beneficial in osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. Additional study using avocado (Persea Americana)alone in OA is needed.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to avocado, banana, chestnut, or natural rubber latex. Avoid with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Use cautiously with anticoagulants (like warfarin). Doses greater than found in a normal diet is not recommended if pregnant or breastfeeding. Some types of avocado may be unsafe when breastfeeding.\nBorage seed oil: Preliminary evidence suggests that gamma linolenic acid (GLA) may have anti-inflammatory effects that may make it beneficial in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Additional research is needed to determine the optimal dose and administration.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to borage, its constituents, or members of the Boraginaceae family. Use cautiously in patients with bleeding disorders or in those taking warfarin or other anticoagulant or antiplatelet (blood thinning) agents. Use cautiously in patients with epilepsy or in those taking anticonvulsants. Avoid in patients with compromised immune systems or similar immunological conditions. Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding.\nDevil's claw: Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) originates from the Kalahari and Savannah desert regions of South and Southeast Africa. There is increasing scientific evidence suggesting that devil's claw is safe and beneficial for the short-term treatment of pain related to degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis (8-12 weeks), and may be equally effective as drug therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®), or may allow for dose reductions or stopping of these drugs in some patients. However, most studies have been small with flaws in their designs. Additional well-designed trials are necessary.\nAvoid if allergic to devil's claw or to plants in the Harpagophytum procumbens family. Use cautiously with stomach ulcers or with a history of bleeding disorders, diabetes, gallstones, gout, heart disease, stroke, ulcers, or with prescription drugs used for these conditions. Stop use two weeks before and immediately after surgery/dental/diagnostic procedures with bleeding risks. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGlucosamine: Several human studies and animal experiments report benefits of glucosamine in treating osteoarthritis of various joints of the body, although the evidence is less plentiful than that for knee osteoarthritis. Some of these benefits include pain relief, possibly due to an anti-inflammatory effect of glucosamine, and improved joint function. Overall, these studies have not been well designed. Although there is some promising research, more study is needed in this area before a firm conclusion can be made.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to shellfish or iodine. Some reports suggest a link between glucosamine/chondroitin products and asthma. Use cautiously with diabetes or with a history of bleeding disorders. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nOmega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid: Multiple randomized controlled trials report improvements in rheumatoid arthritis, including morning stiffness and joint tenderness, with the regular intake of fish oil supplements for up to three months. Benefits have been reported as additive with anti-inflammatory medications such as NSAIDs (like ibuprofen or aspirin). However, because of weaknesses in study designs and reporting, better research is necessary before a strong favorable recommendation can be made. Effects beyond three months of treatment have not been well evaluated.\nPeople who are allergic to fish should avoid fish oil or omega-3 fatty acid products derived from fish. People who are allergic or hypersensitive to nuts should avoid alpha linolenic acid or omega-3 fatty acid products that are derived from the types of nuts to which they react. Avoid during active bleeding. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders, diabetes, low blood pressure or drugs, herbs or supplements that treat any such conditions. Use cautiously before surgery. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that intake be limited in pregnant/nursing women to a single six-ounce meal per week and less than two ounces per week in young children. For farm-raised, imported or marine fish, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that pregnant/nursing women and young children avoid eating types with higher levels of methylmercury and less than 12 ounces per week of other fish types. Women who might become pregnant are advised to eat seven ounces or less per week of fish with higher levels of methylmercury or up to 14 ounces per week of fish types with about 0.5 parts per million (such as marlin, orange roughy, red snapper or fresh tuna).\nPhysical therapy: The goal of physical therapy is to improve mobility, restore function, reduce pain, and prevent further injuries. Several techniques, including exercises, stretches, traction, electrical stimulation, and massage, are used. Physical therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee may provide short-term benefits, but long-term benefits do not appear better than standard treatments. Physical therapy, either as an individually delivered treatment or in a small group format, appears effective. Limited available study compared physical therapy to a sham group (sub therapeutic ultrasound) and found that a combination of manual physical therapy and supervised exercise was beneficial for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.\nNot all physical therapy programs are suited for everyone, and patients should discuss their medical history with their qualified healthcare professionals before beginning any treatments. Physical therapy may aggravate pre-existing conditions. Persistent pain and fractures of unknown origin have been reported. Physical therapy may increase the duration of pain or cause limitation of motion. Pain and anxiety may occur during the rehabilitation of patients with burns. Both morning stiffness and bone erosion have been reported in the literature, although causality is unclear. Erectile dysfunction has also been reported. Physical therapy has been used in pregnancy, and although reports of major adverse effects are lacking in the available literature, caution is advised nonetheless. All therapies during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be discussed with a licensed obstetrician/gynecologist before initiation.\nPsychotherapy: Although group therapy may somewhat decrease pain in people with rheumatoid arthritis and depression, individual therapy coupled with anti-depressants may be more effective.\nPsychotherapy cannot always fix mental or emotional conditions. Psychiatric drugs are sometimes needed. In some cases symptoms may worsen if the proper medication is not taken. Not all therapists are qualified to work with all problems. Use cautiously with serious mental illness or some medical conditions because some forms of psychotherapy may stir up strong emotional feelings.\nRose hip: Rose hips have traditionally been used by herbalists as an anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic agent. A constituent isolated from dried and milled fruits of Rosa canina has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, and Hyben Vital®, a standardized rose hips extract, has been shown to have anti-oxidant properties. Rose hip extracts have been studied in patients with osteoarthritis, with some evidence of benefit. Additional high quality clinical research is needed in this area to confirm early study results.\nAvoid if allergic to rose hips, rose pollen, their constituents, or members of the Rosaceae family. Use cautiously if taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, anticancer agents, anti-HIV medications, anti-inflammatory agents, antilipemics, aluminum-containing antacids, antibiotics, salicylates or salicylate-containing herbs, or laxatives. Use cautiously in patients who are avoiding immune system stimulants.\nSAMe: S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring molecule that is found in humans. SAMe is present in almost every tissue and fluid in the body, and has been studied extensively in the treatment of osteoarthritis. SAMe reduces the pain associated with osteoarthritis and is well tolerated in this patient population. Although an optimal dose has yet to be determined, SAMe appears as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Additional study is warranted to confirm these findings.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to SAMe. Avoid with bipolar disorder. Avoid during the first trimester of pregnancy or if breastfeeding. Use cautiously with diabetes, anxiety disorders, or during the third trimester of pregnancy.\nTENS(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation): Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive technique in which a low-voltage electrical current is delivered through wires from a small power unit to electrodes located on the skin. Electrodes are temporarily attached with paste in various patterns, depending on the specific condition and treatment goals. Preliminary studies of TENS in knee osteoarthritis report improvements in joint function and pain. However, most research is not well designed or reported, and better studies are necessary before a clear conclusion can be reached.\nAvoid with implantable devices, such as defibrillators, pacemakers, intravenous infusion pumps, or hepatic artery infusion pumps. Use cautiously with decreased sensation (such as neuropathy) or with seizure disorders. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nYoga: There is promising early evidence that yoga therapy may help treat rheumatoid arthritis. More research is needed to confirm these results.\nYoga is generally considered to be safe in healthy individuals when practiced appropriately. Avoid some inverted poses with disc disease of the spine, fragile or atherosclerotic neck arteries, risk for blood clots, extremely high or low blood pressure, glaucoma, detachment of the retina, ear problems, severe osteoporosis, or cervical spondylitis. Certain yoga breathing techniques should be avoided in people with heart or lung disease. Use cautiously with a history of psychotic disorders. Yoga techniques are believed to be safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when practiced under the guidance of expert instruction (the popular Lamaze techniques are based on yogic breathing). However, poses that put pressure on the uterus, such as abdominal twists, should be avoided in pregnancy.\nUnclear or conflicting scientific evidence:\nAcupuncture: Further research is needed before acupuncture can be recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.\nNeedles must be sterile in order to avoid disease transmission. Avoid with valvular heart disease, infections, bleeding disorders or with drugs that increase the risk of bleeding (anticoagulants), medical conditions of unknown origin, or neurological disorders. Avoid on areas that have received radiation therapy and during pregnancy. Use cautiously with pulmonary disease (like asthma or emphysema). Use cautiously in elderly or medically compromised patients, diabetics or with history of seizures. Avoid electroacupuncture with arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) or in patients with pacemakers.\nAlpinia: Alpinia, also known as Chinese ginger, has been studied in combination with another ginger species for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Although alpinia shows promise for the reduction in knee pain, more studies using alpinia alone would strengthen the evidence for this indication.\nAvoid if allergic/hypersensitive to alpinia, ginger, or other members of the Zingiberaceae family. Use cautiously with diabetes or if taking hypoglycemic agents. Use cautiously with electrolyte imbalance and low blood pressure. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nAromatherapy: Aromatherapy refers to many different therapies that use essential oils. The oils are sprayed in the air, inhaled or applied to the skin. Essential oils are usually mixed with a carrier oil (usually a vegetable oil) or alcohol. There is not enough scientific evidence to determine if aromatherapy improves wellbeing in arthritis patients.\nEssential oils should be administered in a carrier oil to avoid toxicity. Avoid with a history of allergic dermatitis. Avoid consuming essential oils. Avoid direct contact of undiluted oils with mucous membranes. Use cautiously if driving/operating heavy machinery. Use cautiously if pregnant.\nArnica: Arnica (Arnica montana) gel has been used on the skin for osteoarthritis pain and stiffness, due to its anti-inflammatory constituents. Although early study is promising, additional study is needed.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to arnica or any member of the Asteraceae or Compositae families (sunflowers, marigolds, or any related plants like daisies, ragweed, or asters). Use cautiously with blood thinners, protein-bound drugs, cholesterol or heart medications, or diabetes drugs. Use cautiously with a history of stroke. Avoid contact with open wounds or near the eyes and mouth. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nAsh: The use of ash as an herbal remedy can be traced to Native Americans and the early settlers of the Americas. Ash has been historically noted for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. There is currently little scientific evidence currently available to support its use for gouty arthritis. Future randomized, placebo controlled studies are necessary to confirm these initial results.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to ash (Fraxinus species), its constituents, or to members of the Oleaceae family. Reviews note ash pollen allergic cross-reactivities with pollen from the Fagales order (birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, oak, and chestnut), Scrophulariales order (olive, ash, plantain, privet, and lilac), Coniferales order (cedar, cypress, and pine), and fruits and vegetables. Use cautiously if sensitive to anticoagulants (blood thinners). Use cautiously if susceptible to hypouricemia (condition where the level of uric acid is below a certain threshold), including but not limited to hyperthyroidism, inflamed kidneys, multiple sclerosis, and Fanconi syndrome. Avoid if immunocompromised. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nAshwagandha: The use of ashwagandha in osteoarthritis has been suggested based on its reported anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties. Well-designed human research is needed in this area.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to ashwagandha. Dermatitis (allergic skin rash) has been reported.There are few reports of adverse effects associated with ashwagandha, but there are few human trials using ashwagandha and most do not report the doses or standardization/preparation used.Avoid with peptic ulcer disease. Ashwagandha may cause abortion based on anecdotal reports. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nAstaxanthin: More well-designed clinical trials are necessary before astaxanthin can be recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.\nAvoid if allergic/hypersensitive to astaxanthin, related carotenoids, or astaxanthin algal sources. Use cautiously if taking 5-alpha-reductase inihibitors, hypertensive agents, asthma medications, cytochrome P450 metabolized agents, menopause agents or oral contraception, or Helicobacter pylori agents. Use cautiously with hypertension, parathyroid disorders, and osteoporosis. Avoid with hormone-sensitive conditions, immune disorders, or if taking immunosuppressive therapies. Avoid with previous experience of visual changes while taking astaxanthin and with low eosinophil levels. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nAyurveda: There is some evidence that a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formula RA-1 may reduce joint swelling but not other symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. RA-1 contains Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Boswellia serrata (gugulla), Zingiberis officinale (ginger) and Curcuma longa (turmeric). A resin that is extracted from Boswellia serrata (H15, indish incense) is regarded in Ayurvedic medicine as having anti-inflammatory properties. However, evidence from one study showed no benefit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. More studies are needed to determine efficacy of these treatments for rheumatoid arthritis.\nThere is early evidence that an Ayurvedic formula containing roots of Withania somnifera, the stem of Boswellia serrata, rhizomes of Curcuma longa, and a zinc complex (Articulin-F®) may significantly improve symptoms of osteoarthritis. Other research suggests that taking guggul (Commiphora mukul) daily as a powder capsule supplement may reduce pain and improve functioning in OA. Further research is needed before a recommendation can be made.\nAyurvedic herbs should be used cautiously because they are potent and some constituents can be potentially toxic if taken in large amounts or for a long time. Some herbs imported from India have been reported to contain high levels of toxic metals. Ayurvedic herbs can interact with other herbs, foods and drugs. A qualified healthcare professional should be consulted before taking.\nBeta carotene: Beta-carotene is a member of the carotenoids, which are highly pigmented (red, orange, yellow), fat-soluble compounds naturally present in many fruits, grains, oils, and vegetables (green plants, carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, spinach, apricots, and green peppers). Beta-carotene supplementation does not appear to prevent osteoarthritis, but it may slow progression of the disease. Well-designed clinical trials are needed before a conclusion can be drawn.\nAvoid if sensitive to beta-carotene, vitamin A, or any other ingredients in beta-carotene products.\nBeta sitosterol: Beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol glucoside have been observed to lower blood levels of IL-6 and, therefore, have been studied as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Larger populations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis should be evaluated in well-conducted clinical study if conclusions are to be made.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside, or pine. Use cautiously with asthma or breathing disorders, diabetes, primary biliary cirrhosis (destruction of the small bile duct in the liver), ileostomy, neurodegenerative disorders (like Parkinsonism or Alzheimer's disease), diverticular disease (bulging of the colon), short bowel syndrome, celiac disease and sitosterolemia. Use cautiously with a history of gallstones. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nBlack cohosh: There is not enough human research to make a clear recommendation regarding the use of black cohosh for rheumatoid arthritis pain.\nUse cautiously if allergic to members of the Ranunculaceaefamily such as buttercups or crowfoot. Avoid with hormone conditions (breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, endometriosis). Avoid if allergic to aspirin products, non-steriodal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs, Motrin®, ibuprofen, etc.), blood-thinners (like warfarin) or with a history of blood clots, stroke, seizures, or liver disease. Stop use before surgery/dental/diagnostic procedures with bleeding risk and avoid immediately after these procedures. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nBlack currant: Early study shows promise for the use of black currant seed oil in reducing the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, additional study is needed to confirm these findings.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to black currant, its constituents, or plants in the Saxifragaceae family. Avoid in patients with hemophilia or those on blood thinners unless otherwise recommended by a qualified healthcare provider. Use cautiously with venous disorders or gastrointestinal disorders. Use cautiously if taking MAOIs (antidepressants) or vitamin C supplements. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nBoron: Boron is a trace element, which is found throughout the global environment. Based on human population research, individuals who eat foods rich in boron (including green vegetables, fruits, and nuts) appear to have fewer joint disorders. It has also been proposed that boron deficiency may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. However, there is a lack of human evidence that supplementation with boron is beneficial as prevention against or as a treatment for osteoarthritis.\nAvoid if allergic or sensitive to boron, boric acid, borax, citrate, aspartate, or glycinate. Avoid with a history of diabetes, seizure disorder, kidney disease, liver disease, depression, anxiety, high blood pressure, skin rash, anemia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or hormone-sensitive conditions (e.g., breast cancer or prostate cancer). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nBoswellia: Boswellia has been noted in animal and laboratory studies to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Based on these observations, boswellia has been suggested as a potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, data is conflicting, and combination products were used in some studies. Therefore, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of boswellia for rheumatoid arthritis.\nAvoid if allergic to boswellia. Avoid with a history of stomach ulcers or stomach acid reflux disease (GERD). Use cautiously if taking lipid-soluble medications, agents metabolized by the liver's cytochrome P450 enzymes, or sedatives. Use cautiously with impaired liver function or liver damage or lung disorders. Use cautiously in children. Avoid if pregnant due to potential abortifacient effects or if breastfeeding.\nBowen therapy: Bowen therapy is a technique that involves gentle but precise soft tissue manipulation. Early research suggests that Bowen therapy may improve the range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder.\nBowen therapy is generally believed to be safe in most people. However, safety has not been thoroughly studied. Bowen therapy should not be used for severe conditions or in place of more proven treatments. Use cautiously in patients with cancer or in those who are undergoing surgery.\nBromelain: Results of a study found a combination supplement called ERC (enzyme-rutosid combination -rutosid, bromelain, trypsin) may be considered as an effective and safe alternative to prescription anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac, in the treatment of knee pain associated with osteoarthritis. Further well-designed clinical trials of bromelain alone are needed to confirm these results. Bromelain also cannot be recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis until further research is conducted.\nAvoid if allergic to bromelain, pineapple, honeybee, venom, latex, birch pollen, carrots, celery, fennel, cypress pollen, grass pollen, papain, rye flour, wheat flour, or members of the Bromeliaceaefamily. Use cautiously with history of a bleeding disorder, stomach ulcers, heart disease, or liver or kidney disease. Use caution before dental or surgical procedures or while driving or operating machinery. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nCat's claw: Several laboratory and animal studies suggest that cat's claw may reduce inflammation, and this has led to research of cat's claw for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Early research also suggests that cat's claw may reduce pain from osteoarthritis of the knee. Large, high-quality human studies are needed before a conclusion can be drawn.\nAvoid if allergic to cat's claw, Uncaria plants, or plants in the Rubiaceae family such as gardenia, coffee, or quinine. Avoid with a history of conditions affecting the immune system. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders or with a history of stroke, or if taking drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding. Stop use two weeks before surgery/dental/diagnostic procedures with bleeding risk, and do not use immediately after these procedures. Cat's claw may be contaminated with other Uncaria species. Reports exist of a potentially toxic Texan grown plant, Acacia gregii, being substituted for cat's claw. Avoid if pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to become pregnant.\nChiropractic: Chiropractic is a healthcare discipline that focuses on the relationship between musculoskeletal structure (primarily the spine) and body function (as coordinated by the nervous system), and how this relationship affects the preservation and restoration of health. Further research is needed to determine if chiropractic therapy is an effective treatment for hip pain or osteoarthritis.\nAvoid with symptoms of vertebrobasilar vascular insufficiency, aneurysms, unstable spondylolisthesis, or arthritis. Avoid with agents that increase the risk of bleeding. Avoid in areas of para-spinal tissue after surgery. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding due to a lack of scientific data. Use extra caution during cervical adjustments. Use cautiously with acute arthritis, conditions that cause decreased bone mineralization, brittle bone disease, bone softening conditions, bleeding disorders, or migraines. Use cautiously with the risk of tumors or cancers.\nChlorophyll: Diets high in chlorophyll have been hypothesized to modify intestinal flora resulting in improved management of immune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis. More evidence is needed to support the use of chlorophyll in autoimmune diseases.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to chlorophyll or any of its metabolites. Use cautiously with photosensitivity, compromised liver function, diabetes or gastrointestinal conditions or obstructions. Use cautiously if taking immunosuppressant agents or antidiabetes agents. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nCopper: The use of copper bracelets in the treatment of arthritis has a long history of traditional use, with many anecdotal reports of effectiveness. There are research reports suggesting that copper salicylate may reduce arthritis symptoms more effectively than either copper or aspirin alone. Further study is needed before a recommendation can be made.\nAvoid if allergic/hypersensitive to copper. Avoid use of copper supplements during the early phase of recovery from diarrhea. Avoid with hypercupremia, occasionally observed in disease states, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, sickle-cell disease, unipolar depression, breast cancer, epilepsy, measles, Down syndrome, and controlled fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (a unique form of secondary diabetes mellitus). Avoid with genetic disorders affecting copper metabolism such as Wilson's disease, Indian childhood cirrhosis, or idiopathic copper toxicosis. Avoid with HIV/AIDS. Use cautiously with water containing copper concentrations greater than 6mg/L. Use cautiously with anemia, arthralgias, or myalgias. Use cautiously if taking oral contraceptives. Use cautiously if at risk for selenium deficiency. The U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is 1,000 micrograms for pregnant women. The U.S. RDA is 1,300 micrograms for nursing women.\nDHEA: Preliminary evidence suggests that DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) may not offer benefit to individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Further research is needed in this area.\nAvoid if allergic to DHEA. Avoid with a history of seizures. Use with caution in adrenal or thyroid disorders or anticoagulants, or drugs, herbs or supplements for diabetes, heart disease, seizure or stroke. Stop use two weeks before surgery/dental/diagnostic procedures with bleeding risk, and do not use immediately after these procedures. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nDMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide): Applying DMSO to the skin may help treat rheumatoid arthritis. More research is needed before a conclusion can be drawn.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to DMSO. Use caution with urinary tract cancer or liver and kidney dysfunction. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nDong quai: Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis), also known as Chinese angelica, has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese medicine. Dong quai is traditionally used to treat arthritis. However, there is insufficient reliable human evidence to recommend the use of Dong quai alone or in combination with other herbs for osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis.\nAlthough Dong quai is accepted as being safe as a food additive in the United States and Europe, its safety in medicinal doses is unknown. Long-term studies of side effects are lacking. Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to Dong quai or members of the Apiaceae/Umbelliferae family (like anise, caraway, carrot, celery, dill, parsley). Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light. Avoid before dental or surgical procedures. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders or if taking drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding. Use cautiously with diabetes, glucose intolerance, or hormone-sensitive conditions (like breast cancer, uterine cancer or ovarian cancer). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nEucalyptus oil: Aromatherapy using eucalyptus has been studied for its effects on pain, depression, and feelings of satisfaction in life in arthritis patients. Aromatherapy may help reduce pain and depression, but does not appear to alter the feeling of satisfaction in life. Additional study is needed to clarify these findings.\nAvoid if allergic to eucalyptus oil or with a history of seizures, diabetes, asthma, heart disease, abnormal heart rhythms, intestinal disorders, liver disease, kidney disease, or lung disease. Avoid with a history of acute intermittent porphyria. Use cautiously if driving or operating machinery. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding. A strain of bacteria found on eucalyptus may cause infection. Toxicity has been reported with oral and inhaled use.\nEvening primrose oil: Benefits of evening primrose oil in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have not clearly been shown. More research is needed before a conclusion can be made.\nAvoid if allergic to plants in the Onagraceae family (willow's herb, enchanter's nightshade) or gamma-linolenic acid. Avoid with seizure disorders. Use cautiously with mental illness drugs. Stop use two weeks before surgery with anesthesia. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nFeverfew: There is currently not enough evidence to support the use of feverfew for rheumatoid arthritis. Further research is warranted.\nAvoid if allergic to feverfew and other plants of the Compositaefamily (chrysanthemums, daisies, marigolds, ragweed). Stop use prior to surgery and dental or diagnostic procedures. Avoid with drugs that increase bleeding risk. Avoid stopping feverfew use all at once. Avoid if history of heart disease, anxiety or bleeding disorders. Caution is advised with a history of mental illness, depression and headaches. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGamma linolenic acid (GLA): Several clinical studies indicate significant therapeutic improvements in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms with use of gamma linolenic acid (GLA). Additional study is needed before a conclusion can be made.\nUse cautiously with drugs that increase the risk of bleeding like anticoagulants and anti-platelet drugs. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGinger: Well-designed clinical trials are necessary before ginger can be recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.\nAvoid if allergic to ginger or other members of the Zingiberaceaefamily. Avoid with anticoagulation therapy. Avoid large quantities of fresh cut ginger with inflammatory bowel disease or a history of intestinal obstruction. Use cautiously prior to surgery and with gastric or duodenal ulcers, gallstones, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Use cautiously long-term and in underweight patients. Use cautiously if taking heart medications or sedatives and if driving or operating heavy machinery. Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGlucosamine: Preliminary human research reports benefits of glucosamine in the treatment of joint pain and swelling in rheumatoid arthritis patients. However, additional research is needed before a conclusion can be made.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to shellfish or iodine. Some reports suggest a link between glucosamine/chondroitin products and asthma. Use caution with diabetes or a history of bleeding disorders. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGreen lipped mussel: The green-lipped mussel is native to the New Zealand coast and is a staple in the diet of the indigenous Maori culture. There is conflicting evidence of the effect of green-lipped mussel supplementation for treating osteoarthritis. Reliable evidence is needed to determine whether green-lipped mussel is effective for this use.\nGreen-lipped mussel is generally considered safe. Avoid with allergy or sensitivity to green-lipped mussel or other shellfish. Avoid with liver disease. Use cautiously with anti-inflammatory agents. Use cautiously with asthma. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGreen tea: Green tea is made from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub. Research indicates that green tea may benefit arthritis by reducing inflammation and slowing cartilage breakdown. Further studies are required before a recommendation can be made.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to caffeine or tannins. Use cautiously with diabetes or liver disease.\nGuggul: There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of guggul or guggul derivatives for the management of rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.\nAvoid if allergic to guggul. Avoid with a history of thyroid disorders, anorexia, bulimia, or bleeding disorders. Signs of allergy to guggul may include itching and shortness of breath. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nGuided imagery: Cognitive-behavioral interventions for pain may be an effective adjunct to standard pharmacologic interventions for pain in patients with osteoarthritis or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Further research is needed to confirm these results.\nGuided imagery is usually intended to supplement medical care, not to replace it, and should not be relied on as the sole therapy for a medical problem. Contact a qualified health care provider if mental or physical health is unstable or fragile. Never use guided imagery techniques while driving or doing any other activity that requires strict attention. Use cautiously with physical symptoms that can be brought about by stress, anxiety or emotional upset because imagery may trigger these symptoms. Speak with a qualified health care provider before practicing guided imagery if feeling unusually anxious while practicing guided imagery, or with a history of trauma or abuse.\nHops: Early clinical research suggests that a combination formula containing hops may help reduce symptoms of rheumatic diseases. However, well-designed human trials using hops alone are needed to determine if these positive effects are specifically the result of hops.\nAvoid if allergic to hops, its constituents, members of the Cannabaceae family, peanuts, chestnuts, or bananas. Use cautiously if driving or operating heavy machinery. Use cautiously with hormone-sensitive conditions (e.g. breast cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, or endometriosis) and diabetes. Use cautiously if taking hormonal agents (e.g. contraceptives or fertility agents). Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding; some hops preparations contain high levels of alcohol and should be avoided during pregnancy.\nHydrotherapy: Hydrotherapy is broadly defined as the external application of water in any form or temperature (hot, cold, steam, liquid, ice) for healing purposes. It may include immersion in a bath or body of water (such as the ocean or a pool), use of water jets, douches, application of wet towels to the skin, or water birth. Historically, hydrotherapy has been used to treat symptoms related to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Multiple studies have been published, largely based on therapy given at Dead Sea spa sites in Israel. Although most studies report benefits in pain, range of motion, or muscle strength, due to design flaws, there is not enough reliable evidence to draw a firm conclusion.\nAvoid sudden or prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures in baths, wraps, saunas, or other forms of hydrotherapy, particularly with heart disease, lung disease, or if pregnant. Avoid with implanted medical devices like pacemakers, defibrillators, or hepatic (liver) infusion pumps. Vigorous use of water jets should be avoided with fractures, known blood clots, bleeding disorders, severe osteoporosis, open wounds, or during pregnancy. Use cautiously with Raynaud's disease, chilblains, acrocyanosis, erythrocyanosis, or impaired temperature sensitivity, such as neuropathy. Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding. Hydrotherapy should not delay the time to diagnosis or treatment with more proven techniques or therapies and should not be used as the sole approach to illnesses. Patients with known illnesses should consult their physicians before starting hydrotherapy.\nHypnotherapy: Although multiple trials report diminished pain levels or requirements for pain-relieving medications after hypnotherapy, there is limited research for rheumatoid arthritis pain specifically. Other signs of rheumatoid arthritis, such as joint mobility or blood tests for rheumatoid factor, have not been adequately assessed.\nUse cautiously with mental illnesses like psychosis/schizophrenia, manic depression, multiple personality disorder or dissociative disorders. Use cautiously with seizure disorders.\nLavender: Early human studies have found conflicting results on the use of massage with lavender aromatherapy for rheumatoid arthritis pain. More research is needed to make a conclusion.\nAvoid if allergic or hypersensitive to lavender. Avoid with a history of seizures, bleeding disorders, eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia) or anemia (low levels of iron). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.\nMagnet therapy: Initial evidence has failed to show improvements in pain from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis with the use of magnet therapy. However, due to methodological weaknesses of this research, the conclusions cannot be considered definitive.\nAvoid with implantable medical devices like heart pacemakers, defibrillators, insulin pumps, or hepatic artery infusion pumps. Avoid with myasthenia gravis or bleeding disorders. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding. Magnet therapy is not advised as the sole treatment for potentially serious medical conditions, and should not delay the time to diagnosis or treatment with more proven methods. Patients are advised to discuss magnet therapy with a qualified healthcare provider before starting treatment.\nMassage: Massage may

eatgrass Warrior | Health Coaching\nContact Us at 630-335-3272\nHome\nAbout\nMeet Ashley\nWhat Does a Health Coach Do?\nPartner With Me\nWork With Me\nIn the Media\nHealth Info\nGut Health\nLyme Disease\nIBS + Digestive Disorders\nInterstitial Cystitis\nWeight Loss\nClient Resources\nSchedule Appointment\nHealth History Form\nContact\nRecipes + Blog\nHome\nAbout\nMeet Ashley\nWhat Does a Health Coach Do?\nPartner With Me\nWork With Me\nIn the Media\nHealth Info\nGut Health\nLyme Disease\nIBS + Digestive Disorders\nInterstitial Cystitis\nWeight Loss\nClient Resources\nSchedule Appointment\nHealth History Form\nContact\nRecipes + Blog\nantiinflammatory\nAshley Iovinelli\nFebruary 14, 2019\nExperience Calm with Natural Vitality\nAshley Iovinelli\nFebruary 14, 2019\nNatural Vitality CALM Magnesium offers several benefits when added to your daily routine.\nIt’s no secret that magnesium is a crucial mineral for overall health and wellbeing. About half of Americans don’t get enough magnesium from their diet and supplementation can offer benefits for many people. Magnesium is well-known for its stress relieving and calming properties. Its list of benefits ranges from preventing migraine headaches to insomnia.\nI have used supplemental magnesium into my daily routine for over a year now, and I have first-hand felt and experienced the benefits. I don’t skip a single day of taking magnesium, because I know how powerful and important it is for my body. In the spirit of embracing a more restful and relaxing 2019, I was given the opportunity to try out a magnesium supplement called Natural Vitality CALM. I was very impressed with the quality, taste and ease of the product. Below I share more about my experience and the proven benefits of adding magnesium to a wellness routine!\nWhat is Natural Vitality CALM?\nNatural Vitality CALM Magnesium Supplement\nNatural Vitality CALM is a fruity, light, dissolvable powder that promotes healthy magnesium levels and balances calcium intake when mixed in with beverages—helping you to feel more grounded and calm throughout your day, or as you rest and go to sleep. Magnesium is a vital mineral supports so many important bodily functions that keep you healthy from day-to-day. The award-winning product is made with high-quality ingredients. It is sweetened with stevia (a plant-based sweetener), and is verfied non-gmo. The light-weight powder is naturally flavored raspberry-lemon, so it is a great addition to a green smoothie or to liven up a plain glass of H2O!\nMy Story with Magnesium\nMany magnesium supplements I have seen and tried are what I call “horse pills” because they are such large capsules that they are very difficult to swallow, and I have had to crush them or break them in half, which is just a mess and as you can imagine tastes awful! Being able to take the Natural Vitality CALM magnesium in a dissolvable form has been a much-welcomed change to my wellness routine! You simply just add the power to a drink of your choice or glass of water.\nI started taking magnesium when I was diagnosed with frequent migraines from undiagnosed lyme disease. I was a little skeptical at first about how a simple supplement could really help the awful migraines I was experiencing a few times a week, but to my surprise once I was taking magnesium regularly for several months I did notice a reduction in my migraines. Some other benefits I experienced fairly quickly were less muscle spasms, and the ability to relax in the evening and fall asleep easier when I was stressed out or my body was in pain.\nAs a certified integrative nutrition coach and chronic illness warrior, I am a big fan of this product and utilizing magnesium as a part of a self-care routine to help combat stress and other health issues.\nWhen to Take Magnesium?\nMagnesium can be taken in the morning or evening depending on your own personal preference and routine. It can help you to jumpstart your day in a calm state-of-mind, or help you wind down in the evening and relax your muscles and body, so you can more easily fall asleep. There are so many benefits to adding magnesium into your daily regimen. How and when you decide to take it, is up to you!\nWhat are the Benefits of Magnesium?\nMagnesium Can Boost Your Mood\nMagnesium can boost your mood and promote relaxation. Studies have shown that people who have a magnesium deficiency are more likely to develop depression, anxiety and mood disorders. In fact, it has been shown that magnesium can work just as well as an anti-depressant in some cases.\nMagnesium Balances Blood Sugar\nMagnesium helps control blood sugar levels. Many studies have shown that higher levels of magnesium in your body are correlated with a lower risk of developing diabetes.\nBuild Healthy Bones with Magnesium\nMagnesium is also crucial for your bone health. Along with Vitamin D and calcium, magnesium helps support the building of healthy, strong bones. Some experts say that boosting your calcium levels without increasing your magnesium could render the calcium ineffective. It is crucial to keep a balance of 2:1 with calcium and magnesium in your body.\nMagnesium Can Help Hypertension\nMagnesium is also said to lower you blood pressure, however it is important to note that studies have found this is only true for people who already have high blood pressure, and that magnesium may not have a preventative impact on those with normal blood pressure levels.\nMigraines Can be Caused by Magnesium Deficiency\nAdditionally, some people, including myself, use magnesium as a migraine preventative. Studies have shown that many individuals who have migraines are actually magnesium deficient and therefore supplementing with the mineral decreases the frequency of their migraines and headaches.\nMagnesium Can Help fight Inflammation\nMagnesium also is said to have some anti-inflammatory properties. People who have chronic inflammation many times are also magnesium deficient. Adding magnesium to your regimen when you suffer from a chronic inflammatory condition can potentially help improve your symptoms.\nWhere to Buy Magnesium?\nIf you have any questions about Natural Vitality CALM or want to experience the benefits for yourself you can visit https://naturalvitality.com or Amazon to learn more or purchase the product today!\nNatural Vitality CALM Magnesium mixed in with Tropical Green Smoothie\nTropical Calm Smoothie Recipe (shown above):\n1 cup almond milk\n1 banana (cut into pieces)\n1 handful of kale chopped\n1 handful of spinach leaves\n1 small peeled kiwi\n1/4 cup fresh raspberries\n1/4 cup frozen pineapple\n1/4 cup frozen mango\n2 tsp Raspberry-Lemon Natural Vitality CALM magnesium\nI always blend my smoothies in layers to get the best taste and texture! I blend the banana, almond milk and magnesium powder first to create a smooth consistency. Next, I blend in the greens, and lastly I mix-in the fruit one-by-one. Blend until the smoothie has an even texture. It may take an extra couple minutes to do it this way, but I can promise the better quality is worth it! Enjoy!\nIf you have questions regarding your magnesium levels or whether or not magnesium is right for you, be sure to consult your doctor or health care provider as this article is not to be taken as medical advice.\nTagged: NaturalVitalityCALM, Magnesium, wellness, supplements, stressrelief, anxiety, sleep, calcium, migraines, antiinflammatory\nBack to Top\nTerms + Conditions\nOnline Payment + Products\[email protected]\nCopyright © 2019 Wheatgrass Warrior All rights reserved

2019-04-19T12:21:26Z

"https://www.wheatgrasswarrior.com/holistic-health-coach-blog/tag/antiinflammatory"

www.wheatgrasswarrior.com

PubMed日本語 - 脾臓免疫抑制性細胞の減少と魚油とセレンの相乗効果による抗腫瘍免疫の強化は、発酵する。―QLifePro医療翻訳\n医療従事者の為の最新医療ニュースや様々な情報・ツールを提供する医療総合サイト\nログアウト中\nLogin パスワードをお忘れの場合\nログイン中\n会員種別:\n会員情報編集\nLOGOUT\nQLife Pro\nニュース・医療情報\n研究報告\n添付文書\n医療翻訳\n医院情報\n学会カレンダー\n医療ボード\nアプリ\nHOME\n翻訳\nPubMed日本語\nPubMed翻訳\n翻訳\nReduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast.\nPublished date 2013 Jan 22\nこの論文を読んでいる方は\nこちらの論文も読んでいます。\nReduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast.\nPublished date2013 Jan 22\nツイート\nPMID: 23349693\nReduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast.\n脾臓免疫抑制性細胞の減少と魚油とセレンの相乗効果による抗腫瘍免疫の強化は、発酵する。\nPublished date\n2013-01-22\nJournal\nPLoS One. 2013; 8; e52912;doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052912.\nAuthor\nHang Wang, Yi-Lin Chan, Tsung-Lin Li, Brent A Bauer, Simon Hsia, Cheng-Hsu Wang, Jen-Seng Huang, Hung-Ming Wang, Kun-Yun Yeh, Tse-Hung Huang, Gwo-Jang Wu, Chang-Jer Wu\nAffiliation\nDepartment of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.\nAbstract\nGrowing evidence has shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) abnormally increase in cancer cachectic patients. Suppressions of Tregs and MDSCs may enhance anti-tumor immunity for cancer patients. Fish oil and selenium have been known to have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Whether fish oil and/or selenium have an additional effect on population of immunosuppressive cells in tumor-bearing hosts remained elusive and controversial. To gain insights into their roles on anti-tumor immunity, we studied the fish oil- and/or selenium-mediated tumor suppression and immunity on lung carcinoma, whereof cachexia develops. Advancement of cachexia in a murine lung cancer model manifested with such indicative symptoms as weight loss, chronic inflammation and disturbed immune functionality. The elevation of Tregs and MDSCs in spleens of tumor-bearing mice was positively correlated with tumor burdens. Consumption of either fish oil or selenium had little or no effect on the levels of Tregs and MDSCs. However, consumption of both fish oil and selenium together presented a synergistic effect-The population of Tregs and MDSCs decreased as opposed to increase of anti-tumor immunity when both fish oil and selenium were supplemented simultaneously, whereby losses of body weight and muscle/fat mass were alleviated significantly.\n発達する証拠は、調節性T細胞（Tregs）と骨髄性の由来のサプレッサー細胞（MDSCs）が癌悪液質患者で異常に増加することを示した。\nTregsとMDSCsの抑制は、癌患者のために抗腫瘍免疫を強化する可能性がある。\n魚油とセレンが多くの生物活性（例えば消炎と抗酸化）を持つということは、知られていた。\n魚油および／またはセレンが免疫抑制薬の集団に更なる影響を及ぼすかどうかにかかわらず、腫瘍を含んだ宿主の細胞はつかまえにくいおよび論争の的のままだった。\n抗腫瘍免疫に関してそれらの役割に対する洞察を得るために、我々は、肺癌（悪液質は発現する）に関して、魚油および／またはセレンによって媒介される腫瘍抑制と免疫を調査した。\nネズミ肺癌モデルの悪液質の発達は、体重減少、慢性炎と妨げられた免疫機能のような直説法の症状で現れた。\n腫瘍をもったマウスの脾臓のTregsとMDSCsの上昇は、腫瘍の負担と明らかに相関していた。\n魚油またはセレンの消費は、TregsとMDSCsのレベルに、ほとんど影響を及ぼさなかった。\nしかしながら、魚油とセレンの消費は相乗効果を一緒に提示した- TregsとMDSCsの集団は体重の低下と筋肉/体脂肪量が有意に軽減されたそれによって両方の魚油とセレンが同時に補充された抗腫瘍免疫の増加と対照的に減少した。\n460万語の専門辞書を備えた医療者専用翻訳サービス QLifePro医療翻訳\n非会員の方の翻訳は100文字までとなっております。\nQLMIDにログインして頂くか、新規会員登録をしてからご利用ください。\n本コンテンツは医療に従事されるされる方のみがご利用いただけます。ご利用にあたっては医療者認証システム「QLife MEMBER ID」でログインしていただく必要があります。\nID (e-mail)\nパスワード\n新規登録はこちらから\nx

2019-04-21T06:58:27Z

"http://translate.qlifepro.com/pubmed_abstract/23349693/"

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children’s health | 102 The Avenue Surgery Blog\n102 The Avenue Surgery Blog\nLet the GP share some news with you….\nHome\nAbout Us\nRSS\nTag Archives: children’s health\nChildren’s health problems blogged to provide information in health issues but often with anecdotes from the GP\nCOUGH – WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTOR WITH YOUR CHILD\n12 May\nCough is the commonest reason for preschool children to see a GP. Isolated coughing has been reported by parents in almost a third of children at any one time; the symptom can have an impact on sleep, school and activities for the child and can be anxiety provoking for parents.\nAn average preschool and primary school child has 3-8 coughs or colds per year. Sometimes several coughs or colds occur one after the other. A child who lives with smokers has an increased risk of developing coughs and colds.\nA cough is a reflex action to clear your airways of mucus and irritants such as dust or smoke.\nCoughs may be dry or chesty and most coughs clear up within three weeks.\nCough may be broadly split in to three categories:\nAcute cough = < 3 weeks\nProlonged acute cough = 3-8 weeks, slowly resolving, e.g. post-viral pertussis\nChronic cough = Variably defined from 3-12+ weeks\nNeedless to say that constantly hearing your child cough especially at night is bound to cause concern. Even if the mother is happy her child is otherwise well someone else will make a comment. It may be a well meaning grandparent, a dad returning from work or a teacher who will ask whether the child has seen a doctor. I have to say when I see a child with a cough I examine the child step by step explaining as I go along what symptoms and signs which would cause me as a doctor to be concerned. This not only makes me rule out significant causes of cough but it also reassures and educates the mother as to what important signs she should be looking for.\nhas the child lost their appetite?\nare they playing or responding as normal?\nThese symptoms are most important when you are deciding if your child is unwell in that if the child is showing both of the above symptoms you must keep a closer eye on your child so that if they go on to develop any signs listed below you can visit your GP On many occasions I have seen a child in surgery racing around, playing happily and having eaten a good breakfast. Be reassured a child with a cough in this situation is not needing to see a doctor.\nHowever, If you notice any of the following associated with a cough you must bring the child to the doctor\nhas trouble breathing or is working hard to breathe\nis breathing faster than usual\nhas a blue or dusky colour to the lips, face, or tongue\nhas a high fever (especially if your child is coughing but does NOT have a runny or stuffy nose)\nhas any fever and is younger than 3 months old\nis an infant (3 months old or younger) who has been coughing for more than a few hours\nmakes a “whooping” sound when breathing in after coughing\nis coughing up blood\nhas stridor (a noisy or musical sound) when breathing in\nhas wheezing when breathing out (unless your doctor already gave you an asthma action plan)\nis weak, wingy, or irritable\nis dehydrated; signs include dizziness, drowsiness, a dry or sticky mouth, sunken eyes, crying with little or no tears, or passing urine less often (or having fewer wet nappies)\nBecause most coughs are caused by viruses, doctors usually do not give antibiotics for a cough. A cough caused by a virus just needs to run its course. A viral infection can last for as long as 2 weeks. We very rarely send a child for a chest X-ray.\nUnless a cough won’t let your child sleep, cough medicines are not needed. They might help a child stop coughing, but do not treat the cause of the cough. If you do choose to use an over-the-counter (OTC) cough medicine, discuss with the pharmacist to be sure of the correct dose and to make sure it’s safe for your child.\nDo not use OTC combination medicines they have more than one medicine in them, and children can have more side effects than adults and are more likely to get an overdose of the medicine. Some cough medicines have the effect of making a child hyperactive which most parents would agree is not a desired side effect!\nCough medicines are not recommended for children under 6 years old. Meanwhile, you may want to try this homemade remedy my mother gave to us as children and remains a good remedy.\nHOMEMADE COUGH MEDICINE\nHoney, lemon and glycerine (a liquid I use in Christmas cake Royal icing to make the icing softer) is a homemade remedy for coughs provided the person is not allergic to any of the ingredients. It is not adviseable to give to a child < 12 months. Honey is a natural antibiotic and lemon is full of cold-fighting vitamin C and glycerine is good for soothing sore throats.\nIt can also be bought ready mixed over the counter.\nStore in the refrigerator for up to a year. For sore throats and chest congestion take one teaspoonful every few hours. (If it starts to taste so good you want to pour it over ice cream – you are probably getting better and don’t need it any more.)\n¼ cup (60ml) freshly squeezed lemon juice\n¼ cup (60ml) liquid honey\n¼ cup (60ml) food grade glycerine\nStrain the lemon juice through a fine meshed strainer. Whisk together with the honey and glycerine and pour into a glass bottle with a tight-fitting lid.\nStore in the refrigerator for up to a year. For sore throats and chest congestion take one teaspoonful every few hours.\nRemember to train your child to cover their cough in order to help protect those who are vulnerable from catching an infection.\nAdvertisements\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on May 12, 2015 in Training and Advice\nTags: children, children's health, Cough, Fever\nMEASLES CLOSE TO HOME\n09 Feb\nTHERE HAS BEEN AN OUTBREAK OF MEASLES IN\nIf your child is not vaccinated make an appointment as soon as possible for a MMR vaccination “to protect themselves, their loved ones, and the community at large.” The best protection against measles is a two dose regimen of the MMR vaccine, which is safe and more than 99% effective.\nComplications of measles can include pneumonia, neurologic involvement, and death. It is well documented that about one in 1000 people with measles will develop meningitis and about one in 1000 will die. “Measles is not a trivial illness. Measles can be very serious, with devastating complications.”\nA reader sent me this interesting article which gives food for thought !!!\nhttps://medium.com/the-archipelago/im-autistic-and-believe-me-its-a-lot-better-than-measles-78cb039f4bea\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on February 9, 2015 in Current affairs, Training and Advice\nTags: Autism, children's health, Health Alerts, hounslow, immunisation, measles, MMR, vaccination\nDon’t Believe In Vaccinations?\n03 Feb\nTwo years ago I wrote a blog about the Measles epidemic in Swansea brought about because parents had declined to vaccinate their children. In USA there has been an outbreak of measles in 14 states and President Obama is urging parents to get their children vaccinated. At least 58 of those cases began in Disneyland in Dec. 2014, where large numbers of unvaccinated people made it easy for the virus to spread. Unvaccinated people are now being encouraged to avoid Disneyland parks altogether, lest the virus continues to spread. Last year alone the U.S. saw 644 confirmed cases of the measles, more than triple the number of cases in 2013.\nAccording to the WHO in November 2014\n* Measles is one of the leading causes of death among young children even though a safe and cost-effective vaccine is available.\n* In 2013, there were 145 700 measles deaths globally – about 400 deaths every day or 16 deaths every hour.\n* Measles vaccination resulted in a 75% drop in measles deaths between 2000 and 2013 worldwide.\n* In 2013, about 84% of the world’s children received one dose of measles vaccine by their first birthday through routine health services – up from 73% in 2000.\n* During 2000-2013, measles vaccination prevented an estimated 15.6 million deaths making measles vaccine one of the best buys in public health.m\n27 years ago Roald Dald wrote this moving letter to encourage parents to make sure they immunise their children: the message is still pertinent today.\nOlivia, my eldest daughter, caught measles when she was seven years old. As the illness took its usual course I can remember reading to her often in bed and not feeling particularly alarmed about it.\nThen one morning, when she was well on the road to recovery, I was sitting on her bed showing her how to fashion little animals out of coloured pipe-cleaners, and when it came to her turn to make one herself, I noticed that her fingers and her mind were not working together and she couldn’t do anything.\n“Are you feeling all right?” I asked her.\n“I feel all sleepy,” she said.\nIn an hour, she was unconscious. In 12 hours she was dead.\nThe measles had turned into a terrible thing called measles encephalitis and there was nothing the doctors could do to save her.\nThat was 24 years ago in 1962, but even now, if a child with measles happens to develop the same deadly reaction from measles as Olivia did, there would still be nothing the doctors could do to help her.\nOn the other hand, there is today something that parents can do to make sure that this sort of tragedy does not happen to a child of theirs. They can insist that their child is immunised against measles.\nI was unable to do that for Olivia in 1962 because in those days a reliable measles vaccine had not been discovered. Today a good and safe vaccine is available to every family and all you have to do is to ask your doctor to administer it.\nIt is not yet generally accepted that measles can be a dangerous illness. Believe me, it is. In my opinion parents who now refuse to have their children immunised are putting the lives of those children at risk.\nIn America, where measles immunisation is compulsory, measles like smallpox, has been virtually wiped out.\nHere in Britain, because so many parents refuse, either out of obstinacy or ignorance or fear, to allow their children to be immunised, we still have a hundred thousand cases of measles every year.\nOut of those, more than 10,000 will suffer side effects of one kind or another. At least 10,000 will develop ear or chest infections. About 20 will die.\nLET THAT SINK IN.\nEvery year around 20 children will die in Britain from measles.\nSo what about the risks that your children will run from being immunised?\nThey are almost non-existent. Listen to this. In a district of aroundu 300,000 people, there will be only one child every 250 years who will develop serious side effects from measles immunisation! That is about a million to one chance.\nI should think there would be more chance of your child choking to death on a chocolate bar than of becoming seriously ill from a measles immunisation.\nSo what on earth are you worrying about? It really is almost a crime to allow your child to go unimmunised.\nThe ideal time to have it done is at 13 months, but it is never too late. All school-children who have not yet had a measles immunisation should beg their parents to arrange for them to have one as soon as possible.\nIncidentally, I dedicated two of my books to Olivia, the first was ‘James and the Giant Peach’. That was when she was still alive. The second was ‘The BFG’, dedicated to her memory after she had died from measles.\nYou will see her name at the beginning of each of these books. And I know how happy she would be if only she could know that her death had helped to save a good deal of illness and death among other children.\n***If your child has not been immunised contact your surgery to make an appointment withe practice nurse.\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on February 3, 2015 in Training and Advice\nTags: children's health, health prevention, immunisation, measles, vaccination\n100 days of coughing after a 100 years\n05 Jul\nEight months ago I wrote my 100th blog about a lady who had become a centenarian and how we had celebrated her birthday and since then she has followed my blogs and I have even introduced her to TED talks which she finds most interesting!\nThe telephone went yesterday to inform me that she was in hospital with what in some countries is known as\nthe 100 days’ cough or cough of 100 days.\nThe red dots are Bordatella pertussis bacteria, the cause of whooping cough.\nWe know it as whooping cough, or Pertussis..It is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Bordetella pertussis.\nAlthough, in isolation and distressed by the severe coughing fits, which often produce the namesake high-pitched “whoop” sound when air is inhaled after coughing she has been in good spirits and no doubt full of questions due to her interminable curiosity.\nWhat causes whooping cough\nThe bacterium infects the lining of the airways, mainly the windpipe (trachea) and the two airways that branch off from it to the lungs (the bronchi).\nWhen the Bordetella pertussis bacterium comes into contact with the lining of these airways, it multiplies and causes a build-up of thick mucus. It is the mucus that causes the intense bouts of coughing as your body tries to expel it.\nThe bacterium also causes the airways to swell up, making them narrower than usual. As a result, breathing is made difficult, which causes the ‘whoop’ sound as you gasp for breath after a bout of coughing.\nHow whooping cough spreads\nPeople with whooping cough are infectious from six days after exposure to the bacterium to three weeks after the ‘whooping’ cough begins.\nThe Bordetella pertussis bacterium is carried in droplets of moisture in the air. When someone with whooping cough sneezes or coughs, they propel hundreds of infected droplets into the air. If the droplets are breathed in by someone else, the bacterium will infect their airways.\nThis is why it is highly contagious. I remember in 1979 I was working as a paediatric doctor and there had been a whooping cough vaccination scare resulting in a sharp increase in cases. It was pitiful to see the numerous admissions of babies and young children with distressing bouts of coughing. It is clear how when a vaccination is introduced how the incidence of the disease falls so rapidly but rises again if vaccination uptake declines.\n.\nTreatment\nIf whooping cough is diagnosed during the first three weeks (21 days) of infection, a course of antibiotics may be prescribed. This is to prevent the infection being passed on to others.\nIt is important to take steps to avoid spreading the infection to others, particularly babies under six months of age.\nChildren with whooping cough should be kept away from school or nursery for five days from the time they start taking a prescribed course of antibiotics. The same advice applies to adults returning to work.\nAs a precaution, household members of someone with whooping cough may also be given antibiotics and a booster shot of the vaccine.\nAntibiotics will not usually be prescribed in cases where whooping cough is not diagnosed until the later stages of infection (2-3 weeks after the onset of symptoms).\nBy this time, the Bordetella pertussis bacterium will have gone so you will no longer be infectious. It is also very unlikely that antibiotics will improve your symptoms at this stage.\nImmunisation\nChildren are vaccinated against whooping cough with the 5-in-1 vaccine at two, three and four months of age, and again with the 4-in-1 pre-school booster before starting school at the age of about three years and four months.\nVaccination in pregnancy\nIn the UK, all pregnant women are offered vaccination against whooping cough when they are 28-38 weeks pregnant. Getting vaccinated while you’re pregnant could help to protect your baby from developing whooping cough in its first few weeks of life.\nThe immunity you get from the vaccine will pass to your baby through the placenta and provide passive protection for them until they are old enough to be routinely vaccinated against whooping cough at two months old.\nIs the whooping cough vaccine safe in pregnancy?\nIt’s understandable that you might have concerns about the safety of having a vaccine during pregnancy, but there’s no evidence to suggest that the whooping cough vaccine is unsafe for you or your unborn baby.\nPertussis-containing vaccine has been used routinely in pregnant women since October 2012 and its safety has been carefully monitored by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). The MHRA’s study of nearly 20,000 vaccinated women found no evidence of risks to pregnancy or babies.\nTo date, 50-60% of eligible pregnant women (over half a million) have received the whooping cough vaccine with no safety concerns being identified in the baby or mother.\nVaccination against whooping cough in pregnancy is also routinely recommended in the US and New Zealand.\nThe pregnancy vaccination programme has been very effective in protecting babies until they can have their first vaccine when they are two months old.\nDuring 2012, 14 babies died from whooping cough, all of whom were born before the vaccination in pregnancy programme was introduced, and developed whooping cough before they could be vaccinated themselves. The number of infant deaths from whooping cough fell to three in 2013 – all three babies were too young to have been vaccinated themselves and none of their mothers had been vaccinated in pregnancy.\nFurther questions can be answered using the following link:-\nhttp://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Whooping-cough/Pages/Prevention.aspx\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on July 5, 2014 in Training and Advice\nTags: Bordatella pertussis, children's health, Health, health prevention, immunisation, Pertussis, Pregnancy, vaccination, Whooping cough\nFEVER AND COUGH IN CHILDREN – WHEN TO CALL THE DOCTOR\n15 Dec\nFEVERISH illness in children. – when to seek further advice.\nI shall always remember a cold, foggy autumn Sunday evening as a GP > 30 years ago. I was sitting by the fire, reading a good book listening to my favourite album at the time ‘Black Magic Woman’ and the phone rang as I was on call. It was a young, first time father who was a senior executive for Sony and he wanted advice as to what to give his 3 month old baby for a cough. He wondered if Benylin would be alright. No,he did not want me to come out on such a dreadful evening to their home which was in an out of the way village and not easy to find. The majority of the patients lived within 2 mile radius of the practise and I knew most of them well but this was a new family who lived the furthest distance away from the practise. The baby was sleeping well but had not been feeding so well but he shrugged that off as probably being due to the cough.\nI thought to myself, ” Did I really want to leave my warm, cosy cottage or leave the book when it was just getting to the crux of the plot and after all he wasn’t demanding that I ventured out .”\nHowever, that gut feeling told me something was not right and I needed to set eyes on this baby and it must be sooner rather than later.\nIt was a grim, pea-soup of an evening and I drove cautiously to the visit, following the father’s instructions to the letter and somehow managed to find the house with very little problem. The mother greeted me at the door wearing a face-mask and the father and extended family all came to the door similarly clad. I was then shown to the nursery through a house which was something out of ‘House Beautiful’ no clutter, everything perfect, decor impeccable, carpets like walking on soft foam and a bijoux nursery. As I approached the cot I viewed the baby, ashen in colour, shallow rapid breathing and barely rousable. The family looked at me expectantly in silence. How could I tell this family that their baby was life-threatill as they seemed so unaware? I spoke firmly and gently telling them of my findings. The father’s reaction was simply, “Can we go privately?”\nAt that time in Wales that was not an option and even getting an ambulance to take them to the local hospital was not quick and easy.\nShortly we came to a compromise that I would take the baby and mother in my Ford Popular to the nearest hospital nearly 20 miles away followed by the father in his Mercedes.\nWe arrived at the Hospital having prewarned them of the arrival and the baby was admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis with heart failure. when I had worked as a junior paediatric doctor I had worked under the watchful eye of Sister Williams, who was always a force to be reckoned with despite being not much bigger than most of the paediatric patients. I greeted her like a lost friend and she immediately took charge and when the parents saw our relationship it was clear that they were instantly reassured their precious child would be in good hands under the NHS.\nThe baby thankfully made a full recovery but what remains indelible in my mind are several aspects of this case:-\nmy momentary hesitation to visit,\nthe parents not wanting to appear over anxious,\nthese caring parents who were unable to understand the severity of their baby’s illness\nthere anxiety about their local hospital.\nThese factors still apply today but a combination such as this could have result in a tradegy.\nA retrospective study recently carried out looked at children admitted to hospital with serious respiratory tract infections. The parents of these children were sent questionnaires after the admission and, from their replies, the authors identified factors which may have delayed earlier medical intervention and one of the reasons included ‘Problems assessing the severity of the illness’ and my other observations aswell as:-\nThe belief that their child would not be prescribed antibiotics or would be prescribed antibiotics too readily\nThe belief that their concerns would not be taken seriously\nFeeling powerless to challenge clinical authority.\nOrganisational factors:\nPerceived problems accessing healthcare services\nInadequate primary care triage\nBarriers to accessing timely consultations\nPast experience of problems accessing healthcare, leading to failure to consult\nPerceived poor quality clinical encounter\nInadequate assessment and communication\nIt is for this reason I felt it was important to write this blog.\nIf you have any concerns about your child’s medical condition bring the child to the surgery and if the child is < 5years or an older child which has significant concerns they will be seen as soon as possible. If it is Out of Hours call 111 in order that your child can be seen as soon as possible at the nearest Urgent Care Centre (UCC).\nThe following symptoms should always be treated as serious:\na high-pitched, weak or continuous cry\na lack of responsiveness, reduction in activity or increased floppiness\nin babies, a bulging fontanelle (the soft spot on a baby’s head)\nneck stiffness (in a child)\nnot drinking for more than eight hours (taking solid food is not as important)\na temperature of over 38°C for a baby less than three months old, or over 39°C for a baby aged three to six months old\na high temperature, but cold feet and hands\na high temperature coupled with quietness and listlessness\nfits, convulsions or seizures\nturning blue, very pale, mottled or ashen\ndifficulty breathing, fast breathing, grunting while breathing, or if your child is working hard to breathe, for example, sucking their stomach in under their ribs\nyour baby or child is unusually drowsy, hard to wake up or doesn’t seem to know you\nyour child is unable to stay awake even when you wake them\na spotty, purple-red rash anywhere on the body (this could be a sign of meningitis)\nrepeated vomiting or bile-stained (green) vomiting\nIt can be difficult to know when to call an ambulance or go to phone 111 seek a doctors advise as to where you should go. This is very important at a time when A&E departments are being replaced by Urgent Care Centres and you may need to be directed to a specialist centre.\nCall an ambulance for your child if they:\nstop breathing\nare struggling for breath (you may notice a sucking in under the ribcage)\nare unconscious or seem unaware of what’s going on\nwon’t wake up\nhave a fit for the first time, even if they seem to recover\nCall 111 and a doctor will advice you where to take your child if they have any of the following:-\nhave a fever and are persistently lethargic despite taking paracetamol or ibuprofen\nare having difficulty breathing (breathing fast or panting, or very wheezy)\nhave severe abdominal pain\nhave a cut that won’t stop bleeding or is gaping open\nhave a leg or arm injury that means they can’t use the limb\nhave swallowed a poison or tablets\nAbove all, trust your instincts. You know better than anyone what your child is usually like, so you’ll know what’s different or worrying.\nWhen I worked as a junior paediatrician for a rather old fashioned consultant paediatrician I can hear his words echo, ” Remember , mam is always right”, and if I see any child that is always my first thought, until with the mother of father we have looked at the child together and reached the same conclusion of what the problem is and how best to manage it.\nFEVER\nFever, or pyrexia, is when the body temperature rises above normal. The average normal body temperature taken in the mouth is 37°C but anywhere between 36.5°C and 37.2°C is deemed as normal. When temperatures are measured in the axilla they can be 0.2°C to 0.3°C lower than this. Aural (tympanic) thermometers may measure the temperature as higher.\nFever is one of the most common reasons for a child to be taken to see a doctor and is the second most common reason for a child to be admitted to hospital.\nThe cause of the fever can sometimes be hard to elicit and this can be a worry for healthcare professionals. It is usually due to a viral infection that is self-limiting but it can also be a sign of serious bacterial infection, including meningitis. Early diagnosis of serious infections in general practice is difficult as incidence is low, the child may present early in the disease process and diagnostic tools are more or less limited to history and examination.\nWhen a child presents with a fever it is important for the health care professional to take an adequate history and for the parent or guardian to provide accurate information\nHistory should include asking:\nHow long has the fever been present?\nHas the parent/carer been measuring temperature and, if so, by what method?\nIs there a rash? If so, is it blanching or non-blanching?\nAre there any respiratory symptoms – eg, cough, runny nose, wheeze?\nHas the child been clutching at their ears?\nHas there been excessive or abnormal crying?\nAre there any new lumps or swellings?\nAre there any limb or joint problems?\nIs there any history of vomiting or diarrhoea? Is the vomiting bile-stained or is there any blood in the stool?\nHas there been any recent travel abroad?\nHas there been any contact with other people who have infective diseases?\nIs the child feeding normally (fluids and solids as appropriate)?\nWhat is the urine output? Have nappies been dry?\nHow is the child handling? Normal self/drowsy/clingy and so forth?\nHave there been any convulsions or rigors?\nIs there any significant past medical history/regular medication/allergy?\nOther points to consider from the history:\nLevel of parental anxiety and instinct (they know their child best).\nSocial and family circumstances.\nOther illnesses affecting the child or other family members. Has there been a previous serious illness or death due to febrile illness in the family?\nHas the child been seen before in the same illness episode?\nExamination of the child\nIdentify any immediately life-threatening signs on examination\nRate of breathing:-\nInfants 60 breaths per minute at age 0-5 months\n>50 breaths per minute at age 6-12 months\n>40 breaths per minute at age older than 12 monthsLook for nasal flaring/grunting/chest indrawing.Measure the heart rate.\nMore than 160 beats per minute in a child less than 12 months old\nMore than 150 beats per minute in a child 12-24 months old\nMore than 140 beats per minute in a child 2-4 years oldAssess the level of hydration:\ndo the eyes and skin look normal? Is the mouth moist? What is the capillary refill time? Are the extremities warm or cool? Is the child feeding normally? Is the urine output reduced?\nExamine for other features:\nRash: if there is a rash, is it blanching or non-blanching?\nCapillary refill return\nThe capillary nail refill test is a quick test done on the nail beds. It is used to monitor dehydration and the amount of blood flow to tissue.\nPressure is applied to the nail bed until it turns white. This indicates that the blood has been forced from the tissue. It is called blanching. Once the tissue has blanched, pressure is removed.\nNormal result:If there is good blood flow to the nail bed, a pink color should return in less than 2 seconds after pressure is removed.\nAssessment of the child using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence traffic light system\nNICE recommends that a traffic light system should be used to predict the risk of serious illness when the symptoms and signs have been elicited from the history and examination. Allowance should be made for individual disabilities when assessing learning-disabled children.\nThe following table summarises this system.\nIf the child has any of the symptoms or signs in the amber column, they are at intermediate risk of serious illness.\nIf they have any of the symptoms or signs in the red column they are at high risk of serious illness.\nChildren with symptoms or signs in the green column and none in the red or amber column are at low risk of serious illness.\nManagement of fever should be guided by the level of risk.\nChildren with any red features not considered to have an immediate life-threatening illness should be seen within two hours by a healthcare professional.\nChildren with any amber features should be seen by a healthcare professional but the assessment of urgency of the appointment is left to the clinical judgement of the assessor.\nChildren with only green features can be managed at home with advice for parents and carers, including advice on when to seek further help.\nManagement by the non-paediatric practitioner\nThis includes professionals working in primary care and also those working in general accident and emergency departments.\nAssessment using the traffic light system should be performed.\nChildren with any red features should be referred for urgent assessment by a paediatrician.\nChildren with any amber features in whom a specific diagnosis has not been made, should either be referred to urgent paediatric care or the carers of the child should be given a ‘safety net’, either detailing exactly when to seek further help (ie specific warning symptoms or signs) or arranging a further follow-up assessment.\nChildren with only green features can be managed at home with advice for parents and carers, including advice on when to seek further help.\nOral antibiotics should not be prescribed if there in no identifiable source of the fever.\nManagement of specific diseases:\nIf there is no obvious source of infection, urine should be tested in children presenting with fever.\nIf meningococcal disease is suspected, antibiotics should be given at the earliest opportunity.\nRelated blog posts\nThere’s no such thing as a touch of ‘flu!\nAdvice to parents or carers for home care of the child\nAntipyretic(fever) treatment:\ntepid sponging is not recommended.\nDo not underdress or over-wrap children.\nGive alternating paracetamol or ibuprofen for discomfort or distress but not for the sole reason of reducing the temperature. If the child does not respond to one agent and the child’s distress persists or recurs before the next dose is due then give the child paracetamol alternating with ibuprofen at 4hourly intervals.\nGive regular fluids: breast milk if the child is breast-fed.\nMonitor for signs of dehydration: sunken fontanelle or eyes, dry mouth, absence of tears, poor appearance.\nMonitor for appearance of rash: assess to ascertain if a rash is non-blanching.\nGet up in the night to monitor the child.\nKeep the child away from school or nursery while they have a fever and notify them.\nIN SUMMARY\nWhen to seek further help: if the child has a fit, develops a non-blanching rash, appears less well, the parent or carer is worried, the fever lasts >5 days, the parent or carer is distressed or feels they cannot look after the child.\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on December 15, 2013 in Training and Advice\nTags: Bronchiolitis, Capillary refill return, children's health, Fever, Glass test, Health\nFLU IMMUNISATION – 2013/14. – EXTENSION TO CHILDREN\n23 Aug\nAfter several years of acquiring good evidence from other countries the Department of Health now recommend that all children aged two to 17 are going to be offered a flu immunisation every year.\nAt present, annual flu immunisation is offered only to children with underlying health problems, as well as all over 65s and anyone with long term health conditions such as heart and lung disease or diabetes.\nThe Chief Medical Officer for England says that even if only one in three children are immunised, hospital admissions will drop by 11,000 and 2,000 lives will be saved each year. But the full programme may not be introduced for another two years.\nAlthough most children who suffer from influenza recover completely within a week or two, they spread the disease among the population more than any other group. Some children, of course, do get serious complications and having the immunisation will greatly reduce this risk. But the big benefit comes from increasing ‘herd immunity’ – if more children are protected, there will be a much smaller pool of susceptible children to pass on the virus, reducing its spread in the community. That means people most vulnerable to major complications (including pregnant women and grandparents) will also be protected.\nEach year, the viruses that are most likely to cause flu are identified in advance and vaccines are made to match them as closely as possible. The vaccines are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).\nThis year’s flu jab protects against:\nH1N1 – the strain of flu that caused the swine flu pandemic in 2009\nH3N2 – a strain of flu that can infect birds and mammals and was active in 2011\nB/Wisconsin/1 – a strain of flu that was active in 2010\nThis will be the first non-injection flu vaccine for children – the national immunisation expert committee, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), has recommended using a nasal spray for childhood immunisation. This will certainly make the procedure less uncomfortable for children, and the vaccine, called Fluenz® has now been used for several years in the USA. It has evidence from scientific trials involving 20,000 children, so we know it has a good safety record as well as being effective.\nThere are two elements to the children’s flu immunisation programme this year:\n a routine offer of vaccination to all two and three year olds (but not four years or older) on the 1 September 2013; and\n geographical pilots for four to ten year olds (up to and including pupils in school year 6).\nExtending the flu programme to all children will involve considerable planning and work in order to obtain a high level of uptake. For this reason, the programme will be rolled out over a number of seasons and will include pilots, allowing Public Health England and NHS England time to ascertain the most effective way of implementing it.\nThe Department of Health has secured Fluenz® vaccine for use in 2013/14 to allow the roll-out of the programme to all two and three year olds through general practice, as well as through a small number of local geographical pilots targeted at four to ten year olds.\nIf you have any worries about the flu immunisation the following link may be useful\nhttp://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/winterhealth/Pages/Flu-myths.aspx\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on August 23, 2013 in Training and Advice\nTags: children's health, Flu immunisation, Health, health benefits, WHO\nDOES THE NEW PRINCE HAVE COLIC?\n13 Aug\nKate and William are having the necessary privacy with their baby until even family around becomes too much and the natural feeling is to be in your own small family unit.\nI remember those early days with a newborn baby and it doesn’t matter how much you know, because you are now in a unique situation, your family unit is a one-off and whatever advice people around you give, at the end of the day it has to be appropriate to your personal situation. Nurturing a baby may be very easy or it can be unpredictably very difficult.\nA crying baby is stressful and distressing to everyone and everybody has the answer!\nOne of the commonest reasons is infantile colic but what is this?\nThe definition of colic used by researchers is:\n“A healthy, well-fed infant who cries for more than three hours per day, for more than three days per week, for more than three weeks.”\nWe can’t explain it but talking to mothers and examining babies we know that\ncolic usually starts at about 2 weeks of age in a full-term infant (or later in a premature infant).\nColic almost always goes away by 3 or 4 months of age.\nThere is no difference in the prevalence of colic for boys and girls, whether you breastfeed or bottle feed, and whether the baby is first born or not.\nScientific studies have shown that children who had colic are no different in terms of personality, mental health, intelligence, etc., than children who never had colic.\nDespite many scientific studies, no single common cause for colic has been found. Infantile colic has many different causes, and that’s why there is no one way to help it.\nMany nurse, doctors, nannies have made hypotheses but nuone are well founded and I certainly it is no-ones fault!\nSome of these theoretical causes:-\n*Air (gas) in the intestinal tract\n*Increased hormone levels that cause stomach aches or a fussy mood\n*Hypersensitivity to a stimulation in the environment (sound, light, etc.)\n*An intense temperament in the newborn period\n*An immature nervous system\n*An immature digestive system in which the intestinal muscles are often in spasm\n*Digestive problems, perhaps due to intolerance of cow’s milk protein or lactose\n*Reflux (heartburn due to stomach acid and milk flowing back into the oesophagus\nNeedless to say, if a mother or father is concerned it is reasonable to consult the Health Visitor and /or the GP in order to check if there is another reason for the excessive crying or to consider treatment for the colic.\nOther reasons to be considered are:-\n*An infection (for example: an ear or urinary infection)\n*evidence of reflux or gastrointestinal distress\n*pressure or inflammation of the brain and nervous system\n*an eye problem (for example: a scratch or increased pressure)\n*an abnormality of the rhythm of the heart\n*a bone fracture\n*a hernia\n*hair wrapped around a finger or toe\nYou will have advise from many sources but here are are few ideas that you may try on at a time\nDifferent methods o sensory stimulation\n*Swaddle your baby ( although with caution avoiding overheating,and caution around the hips\n*Try more time in a front baby sling(the kind you wear over your chest).\n*Take your baby for a ride in the car (but not when you are sleepy!).\n*Put your baby in the car seat on or near the dishwasher or dryer (be careful the seat doesn’t vibrate and fall off!).\n*Use “white noise” (such as static on the radio or the vacuum cleaner), classical music, or a “heartbeat tape” next to the crib.\n*Try infant massage.\n*Try the baby with a dummy/ soother\n*Soak baby in a warm bath.\n*Try an infant swing.\n*Increase or decrease the amount of stimulation in the environment.\nFeeding\n*Avoid eating certain foods (such as caffeine, milk, certain vegetables)\n*Change the type of nipples on your baby’s bottle, use bottles with plastic liners, and wind your baby frequently to decrease air swallowing during feedings or wind your baby less.\n*If bottle feeding, try to limit milk intake, and if that doesn’t work, avoid limiting milk intake.\n*If your baby is vomiting, keep him or her upright\nThe following are usually prescription only\n*Change from one cow’s milk formula to another.\n*Change from a cow’s milk formula to a soy formula.\n*Change from a regular formula to a “predigested,” hypoallergenic formula.\n*Add Lactase drops to the formula.\n* Use of probiotics\nAnd don’t forget your baby may just want to be put down!\nIf you are really getting nowhere it may be you need to try\n*Anti-reflux medicines, if reflux is suspected, may cut down on acid production and/or help to move the milk downstream.\n*Try giving the baby some herbal tea (e.g., chamomile, mint, fennel, verbena, but NOT star anise, which can be toxic).\n*Use drops such as Infacol or Windeze which sometimes work but can also make things worse\n*Try giving the baby “gripe water,” but check the ingredients first. Most contain only herbs, but some from Europe may have alcohol or even phenobarbital, which, of course, you should avoid.\n*Although there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of homeopathic drops for colic, some parents report they have helped their colicky baby.\nNOTE: Make sure to check with your GP of Health Visitor if you are needing to use medication.\nSometimes parents think an intervention has worked,, but it may be that the colic just got better on its own. And other times, parents don’t find an intervention that works well and they just have to wait for things to improve on their own at 4 months or so.\nBeware of magic (and expensive) “cures” that are guaranteed to work for all babies. There is no such thing!\nIt is very challenging to have a baby with colic and you may feel despairing, inadequate and angry because you cant solve this problem. This is not unusual and you have not failed as a parent : it will not last forever.\nIf you think your anger could get out of control and you could actually harm, shake, or strike your baby, get help right away.Put your baby in a safe place, like the crib, and leave the room. See if your spouse or a friend or neighbour can be with the baby while you get some space. Phone a Health visitor and she can talk with you on the phone or call to see you. Feel reassured that the surgery are always happy to fit a baby into a slot at anytime morning or evening and in the out of hours service babies are always considered a priority.\nHere are some strategies to help you more gracefully survive this tough time:\nTake a break! If you’ve tried everything and your little one is still crying away, it’s perfectly fine to put him to bed and let him continue to cry for a while without you holding him.\nLet others care for your baby while you do something completely frivolous for yourself in the real world. Get out of the house for a while.\nDon’t guilt trip yourself about this too much. You didn’t do anything to cause your baby’s colic.\nRemember that this period in your baby’s life doesn’t last forever. You will get past this difficult stage.\nDon’t go it alone! Seek support and help wherever you find it.\nThe following charity helpline may be useful:-\nCRY-SIS is a support group for families with excessively crying, sleepless, and demanding children. Their helpline is available every day from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Tel: 08451 228 669. The CRY-SIS website (www.cry-sis.org.uk) also contains useful information.\nThe stated aims remain ‘to be efficient and effective in providing self-help and support to families with excessively crying, sleepless and demanding babies’\nWhen to Worry About Colic\nDon’t hesitate to bring your baby to the GP to be rechecked for a possible medical cause of his crying, especially if:\n*The baby is not feeding well and the weight is not following the same centile line.\n*He has symptoms of a possible medical problem (e.g., fever, lethargy, decreased feeding)\n*You are so distressed that you are worried you could hurt him\n*The colic persists for more than 5 months\n2 Comments\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on August 13, 2013 in Training and Advice\nTags: children's health, Health, Infantile colic\nTHE PINK DRAGON IS REVEALED\n29 Jul\nSince I have let out the secret concerning the dragons in the garden I have been asking the Dragon experts (children < 4yrs) a little more about what they see and the general consensus is that the most visible dragons are pink, blue or purple. I was a little surprised as I had not seen any of these.\nThen…..\nThe other evening I was sitting quietly finishing off my paperwork and there was a knock on the window – yes you are right it was Denis and who was with him but a PINK dragon. I was a bit surprised and opened the door to meet his companion. ” This is my friend Polly. I haven’t seen her for ages but she called around and asked if I knew a doctor who wasn’t frightened of Dragons and could see her and I thought you would just the doctor,”said Denis.\n“Do come in and tell me what the problem is” I said\nPolly started to cry real dragon tears, ” I have lost all my dragon scales and I can’t stop scratching as my skin is so…..oo itchy and now none of my friends want to play with me except Denis”\n“Oh Polly don’t be too sad I am sure I can help you.” I looked carefully at her skin and the worst patches were behind her knees and elbows and in other creases including under her chin. “Doctors call this eczema which is sometimes caused by allergy but often we don’t know why. We must try and help you but you will have to listen very carefully and do what I say:-\nFirstly you will have to stop using soaps, bubble baths or anything like that.\nThen I will give you some special soft Dragon cream ( an emollient such as Ultrabase, Diprobase, Dermol , Epaderm or Cetraban ) which comes either in a big pot or a bottle with a pump. It is VERY important that you don’t put your claws in the pot because if you do you will get germs in the cream and cream with germs in will make your skin much worse especially as the skin is so cracked. It is your cream and it is only you ,Polly that can use it so, Denis you cannot share it. Perhaps you could put a sticker on pot with your name on.\nIf you have a pot you can use the handle of a spoon or spatula to scoop it out and put on your skin. You will need help from your mummy to put it on the places you can’t reach. Always put the dragon cream on in the direction of tour scales( in humans the direction of the hair) and don’t rub up and down because it will make you itch more. Perhaps you can play some quiet music or watch one of your favourite videos whilst she does it just something to make you feel calm and happy.\nYou must put this cream over the whole body and use plenty of it and do this 3 or even 4 times a day. If you feel itchy put some more on and perhaps you can have a small tube or pot to put on by yourself.\nAlso you can use this as a soap and in the shower or bath.\nhttp://www.eczema.org/uploads/BAhbBlsHOgZmIjUyMDEzLzA2LzI4LzIxXzE4XzI5XzIzNF9FbW9sbGllbnRzX0p1bmVfMjAxMy5wZGY?format=pdf. (Eczema fact sheet\nThe next very important thing is TAP don’t SCRATCH so that this skin doesn’t break and become very sore. To remind you I will teach you a song.\nSing after me:\n( post man pat tune)\nTap don’t scratch , tap don’t scratch,\ntap don’t scratch with an Itchy feeling\nall the dragons singiing\nAnd the itch is healing\nAnd Polly is a really happy dragon\nNow I have also noticed that some of the patches are very very bad so I am going to give you some SPECIAL DRAGON CREAM (steroid cream) in a smaller tube. This cream you must use very carefully only putting on small amounts twice a day and stop when the patch looks better.\nIf you follow this you will find that gradually your skin will get better and be softer and back to green just like your mummy’s and Denis’s skin.\nTake this paper(prescription ) to the pharmacy and come back next week to tell me how you are getting on. “\nThen Denis and Polly turned around and hand in hand danced down the garden singing their new song………\nFor more information about eczema: http://www.eczema.org/factsheets\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on July 29, 2013 in Training and Advice\nTags: children's health, Eczema, Health, pink dragon, skin\nHave you seen the Dragons in the surgery garden?\n18 Jul\nDon’t worry I haven’t lost the plot – read on\nIntroduction\nMany people have talked about fairies at the bottom of the garden but I want to tell you about the dragons at the bottom of the surgery garden. You may be surprised at my letting out this long guarded secret but I felt it was time to let the secret out! They are very friendly and the young dragons often play with fox cubs and cats from next door. I have to say they only come out when all the patients and infact all the staff have gone home. I hadn’t told anyone and poor Dr Livingston got such a shock when they appeared one night when she was busy working after surgery had finished. I think she thought she was back in Wales as there are so many there but they are red and talk Welsh. The dragons in the garden are green and you can easily miss them.\nI first came across red dragons in Wales : they are so important that the flag of Wales (Cymru) is a red dragon!!! ( Y Ddraig Goch) and has been for many years ( 1,184 years to be precise) ever since the red dragon conquered the white dragon .\nThe story as written by Nennius a monk tells how young boy visited and revealed to King Vortigern, last of the Celtic kings of Britain that he had seen two serpents, one white and one red, who had been hidden deep underground fighting with fierce shrieking until finally the red one summoned his strength and drove the white one away.\nThe story is then explained by the mysterious child: “the two serpents are two dragons; the red serpent is your dragon, but the white serpent is the dragon of the people who occupy several provinces and districts of Britain, even almost from sea to sea: at length, however, our people shall rise and drive away the Saxon race from beyond the sea, whence they originally came.” The King then left North Wales where this event took place and built a castle in the South (on the Welsh/English border ) it was thought to be Caerwent, in Monmouthshire now part of Gwent.\nIt’s interesting that in February 2003 during his enthronement at Canterbury Cathedral Archbishop Rowan Williams ( a welshman from Monmouth wore hand-woven gold silk robes bearing a gold and silver clasp that showed the white dragon of England and the red dragon of Wales to symbolise the peace between the two countries.\nThe red dragons are very friendly now but do tend to breathe more fire if England is playing rugby against Wales!!\nStory strictly for children ( adults can only read under child guidance)\nHere’s a picture of the family in the garden. If you can’t see them because of their green colour ask a 3/4 year old because they always manage to find them and some children have seen blue and purple ones aswell!\nIntroduction\nThe family of dragons that live in the garden are Denis(means friendly) who is 5 years of age, his mother Daphne(because she was born under the laurel tree) and father Derek ( meaning ruler) and Dolcie ( means sweet one)who is just 6 months. I don’t know how they ended up living in the surgery garden but they do have a slightly Irish accent and they are green so perhaps Liz or Mary the nurse had something to do with it!\nAlso Derek’s brother is called Declan…..makes you wonder!\nThe Day Denis Dragon couldn’t breathe fire.\nOne evening last week when the sun was shining I was busily working and I suddenly heard a tap at the window. At first I thought it was the cat at the door miaowing for milk but when I looked up I saw Denis Dragon looking very sad. I thought he had probably kicked his ball over the wall whilst playing with the cat and he wanted me to get it. I opened the doors to the garden and said , “What’s the matter Denis ?”\n“Dr . Bayer I can’t br….br…. breathe fire.\nIt was poor Denis, he was wheezing (not the cat miaowing) and he was very breathless and no fire was coming from his mouth. That is very serious for a dragon because breathing fire is very important to heat their food and keep themselves warm and keep dangerous creatures away.\nThe next thing his mother Daphne was scampering up the garden and looking very worried.\n“Come inside both of you and don’t worry Denis I have a special steam machine which will make you better in no time and don’t be frightened because its a bit noisy. It sounds like Thomas the Tank Engine warming up before he trundles off to see Edward and Henry along the track.” I said\nWe walked slowly to the back room and I listened to Denis’s chest , counted his pulse on his wrist and how fast he was breathing and put a funny machine on his finger- it pinched a bit and the lights came on and numbers started appearing and I told Denis that I was measuring his Oxygen. It wasn’t long before I had set up the steam machine (adults call it a nebuliser)by squeezing some special medicine out of a tiny plastic bottle into a into a little cup and connecting by a tube to the machine. “Are you sitting comfortably,Denis?” I said and Denis shuffled a bit and held his mummy’s claw. I put the mask over his nose and mouth (a special one as dragons have big noses) and I switched the machine on. His mummy stayed with him all the time and as the steam puffed out Denis slowly felt much better and after we stopped the machine after about 5 minutes Denis was so happy to be feeling better that he gave a huge puff of fire so much that my tea nearly boiled out of the mug!\nHere is a picture of a little boy on a nebuliser\n” Now Denis that’s not the end of story, because your mummy has told me that for a little while she has noticed that you have been getting more and more tired, the fire you have been blowing has been getting less and less and at night you have been coughing all the time . It has been worse since the trees and flowers have been in flower showering out pollen. Also she noticed that when you were racing with the cat and fox cubs that you were nearly always last and were not wanting to play with them anymore. I think you have got something called asthma.\nHuman being children come to the surgery with this all the time and when we give them special medicine which they have to breathe in they get better and can play happily with their friends and start running as fast as their friends again and for young dragons they can breathe fire more easily.\nThe breathing medicines are called inhalers, because breathing in is called inhaling and the one I will give you is a blue one: it is called Ventolin and is called a reliever because it makes you better.\nYou must be very senlsible and never play games squirting it in the air and you don’t have to try it out first just shake it and you will hear the liquid in it swishing about.\nIt is very important that you use these inhalers whenever your chest feels tight and you need to give one to your teacher in case you start wheezing in school and remember to take it with you when you go out anywhere.\nThis only relieves you for a short while and at this time of the year your chest will easily get tight so I think it is a good idea to take something to prevent or stop you getting wheezy.\nGuess what we can give you another inhaler to do this and what do you think it’s a called? ”\nDenis thought for a while , “is it a stopper?” said Denis.\nNot quite I said. Try again, I said it prevents wheezing that’s a clue.\n“I know it’s a preventer” shouted out Denis nearly singeing my hair with the fire he breathed out in excitement.\nYou must take this in the morning before school and when you get home in the evening.\nThere is just one thing I must show you with before I teach you to use the inhaler. When children including dragon children try to breathe in with the inhaler it is so hard a bit like when you were a baby and it was hard to drink out of a cup so we have special thing called an aerochamber and this makes it much easier. When you use the aerochamber your breathing will be much better and mummy will be very happy to see you much better and will give an extra special bear hug.\nInfact here are the instructions shown by a friendly bear. I think dragon children like teddy bears to cuddle aswell!\nClick on link……\nhttp://frx.com/pi/AeroChamberPlusFlow-VuSmall-Medium_PI.pdf\n2 Comments\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on July 18, 2013 in Training and Advice\nTags: Asthma, children's health, dragon, Health, nebuliser, preventer, reliever\nRotavirus\n10 Jun\nImmunisation against rotavirus\nThere is an effective vaccine against rotavirus. The vaccine has been used in many countries and has been shown to be safe and effective.\nIn the UK it has now been decided to routinely vaccinate babies against rotavirus. From July 2013 babies will receive drops (by mouth) to help prevent rotavirus. These drops will be given at 2 and 3 months old. The vaccines will be given at the same time as their other routine vaccinations.\nUK vaccination programme\nThe oral vaccine is expected to halve the number of cases of vomiting and diarrhoea caused by rotavirus and lead to 70% fewer hospital stays.\nThe following sites will tell you more\nhttps://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/public-health-england/series/rotavirus-vaccination-progarmme-for-infants\nhttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/193102/DoH_8387_Rotavirus_A5_leaflet_06_accessible.pdf\nWhat is rotavirus?\nAround 18,000 children are thought to be admitted to hospital each year in England and Wales because of rotavirus infection. Most children with rotavirus infection do not need admission to hospital. About 1 child in 10 who has rotavirus infection needs to be admitted to hospital.\nRotavirus is a viral infection that can cause gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is an infection of the gut (intestines) which usually causes symptoms of being sick (vomiting) and diarrhoea. In most cases the infection clears within a few days, but sometimes takes longer. The main risk is a lack of fluid in the body (dehydration) and so the main treatment is to give your child lots to drink. It mainly affects young children, especially children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.\nWith vomiting and diarrhoea, there is a risk of your child becoming lacking in fluid in their body (dehydrated). You should consult a doctor quickly if you suspect that your child is becoming dehydrated. Mild dehydration is common and is usually easily and quickly treated by drinking lots of fluids. Severe dehydration can be fatal unless quickly treated because the organs of the body need a certain amount of fluid to work normally.\nSymptoms of dehydration – associated with any cause of gastroenteritis\nIn children symptoms include passing little urine, a dry mouth, a dry tongue and lips, fewer tears when crying, sunken eyes, weakness, being irritable or having no energy.\nSymptoms also include drowsiness, pale or mottled skin, cold hands or feet, very few wet nappies, and fast (but often shallow) breathing. This is a medical emergency and immediate medical attention.\nFluids to prevent dehydration\nYou should encourage your child to drink plenty. The aim is to prevent dehydration. The fluid lost in what they bring up (their vomit) and/or their diarrhoea needs to be replaced. Your child should continue with their normal diet and usual drinks. In addition, they should also be encouraged to drink extra fluids. However, avoid fruit juices or fizzy drinks, as these can make diarrhoea worse.\nIf your child is mildly dehydrated, this may be treated by giving them rehydration drinks. Your doctor or nurse will advise about how to make up the drinks and about how much to give. This can depend on the age and the weight of your child. If you are breast-feeding, you should continue with this during this time. Otherwise, don’t give your child any other drinks unless the doctor or nurse has said that this is OK. It is important that your child is rehydrated before they have any solid food.\nBabies under 6 months old are at increased risk of dehydration. You should seek medical advice if they develop gastroenteritis. Breast or bottle feeds should be encouraged as normal. You may find that your baby’s demand for feeds increases. You may also be advised to give extra fluids (either water or rehydration drinks) in between feeds.\nRehydration drinks may be advised by a healthcare professional for children not drinking enough or with severe diarrhoea and vomiting; especially if they have passed six or more very loose stools (faeces) or vomited three or more times in the previous 24 hours. They are made from sachets available from pharmacies and on prescription. You should be given instructions about how much to give. Rehydration drinks provide a perfect balance of water, salts, and sugar. The small amount of sugar and salt helps water to be absorbed better from the gut (intestines) into the body. Do not use home-made salt/sugar drinks, as the quantity of salt and sugar has to be exact.\nIf your child vomits, wait 5-10 minutes and then start giving drinks again, but more slowly (for example, a spoonful every 2-3 minutes). Use of a syringe can help in younger children who may not be able to take sips.\nNote: if you suspect that your child is dehydrated, or is becoming dehydrated, you should seek medical advice urgently.\nSometimes a child may need to be admitted to hospital for treatment if they are dehydrated. Treatment in hospital usually involves giving rehydration solution via a special tube called a nasogastric tube. This tube passes through your child’s nose, down their throat and directly into their stomach. An alternative treatment is with fluids given directly into a vein (intravenous fluids).\nEat as normally as possible once any dehydration has been treated\nCorrecting any dehydration is the first priority. However, if your child is not dehydrated (most cases), or once any dehydration has been corrected, then encourage your child to have their normal diet. Do not ‘starve’ a child with rotavirus infection. This used to be advised but is now known to be wrong.\nBreast-fed babies should continue to be breast-fed if they will take it. This will usually be in addition to extra rehydration drinks (described above).\nBottle-fed babies should be fed with their normal full-strength feeds if they will take it. Again, this will usually be in addition to extra rehydration drinks (described above).\nOlder children – offer them some food every now and then. However, if he or she does not want to eat, that is fine. Drinks are the most important, and food can wait until the appetite returns.\nMedication is not usually needed\nYou should not give medicines to stop diarrhoea to children under 12 years old. They are unsafe to give to children, due to possible serious complications. However, you can give paracetamol or ibuprofen to ease a high temperature (fever) or headache.\nHow is rotavirus spread?\nRotavirus is present in the gut (intestines) of an infected person and can pass out in their diarrhoea. It is easily spread from an infected person to another by close contact. This is often because the virus is on the infected person’s hands after they have been to the toilet. For smaller children who wear nappies, it may be spread by the hands of the person changing the infected child’s nappy. Surfaces or objects touched by the infected person can also allow the virus to spread. The virus can be passed on if the infected person prepares food. Outbreaks of rotavirus that affect many people can occur – for example, in nurseries or schools.\nNB Although this is advise in a case of Rotavirus the same advice should be followed in all cases of gastroenteritis.\nLeave a comment\nPosted by 102theavnuesurgery on June 10, 2013 in Training and Advice\nTags: children, children's health, gastroenteritis, health benefits, immunisation, Rotavirus, vaccine\n← Older posts\nCommon Tags\n111 999 Alzheimer's disease angina Anti-ageing Asthma blood pressure Bowel Cancer breast cancer cancer Cardiac arrest Carers CCG Chest pain children children's health cholesterol chronic illness CPR CQC Dementia Dengue fever Depression diabetes Ealing Ecil elderly exercise Falls Food France General Practise Glass test GP Health Health Alerts health benefits health prevention Heart Heart disease heart failure Hospice hypertension IAPT IBS immunisation Infectious disease Infertility lifestyle loneliness measles meditation Mencap Mental health mindfulness MMR Mosquito NHS Obesity Osteoporosis ovarian cancer overweight palliative care PPG Prescription Red flags Samaritans smoking stress stroke Sudden cardiac death TCM Travel Clinics vaccination yoga\nBlog Stats\n43,164 hits\nApril 2019\nM\nT\nW\nT\nF\nS\nS\

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OTCCAN20|PIP-Code : 3295722||EAN : 5010605106026\nIn Stock\nClick on stars to rate this product\nAdd\nWrite a review\nTweet\nFree Delivery On This item\nQuantity\nRRP : £5.10\n£2.95\n£2.15\nAdd to basket\nCanesten Antifungal Cream treats fungal skin infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, fungal nappy rash and fungal sweat rash.\nRead more about this product »\nDescription\nDirections\nIngredients\nCautions\nPatient Information\nReviews\nCanesten Antifungal Cream\nCanesten Antifungal Cream treats fungal skin infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, fungal nappy rash and fungal sweat rash. It is also be used to relieve irritation of the vulva (external thrush) or the end of the penis, which may be associated with thrush.\nThe active ingredient in Canesten Antifungal Cream is clotrimazole, an antifungal agent that fights the cause of fungal skin infections.\nIf the feet are infected, they should be washed and dried thoroughly, especially between the toes, before applying the cream.\nCanesten Antifungal Cream should be applied thinly and evenly to the affected areas two or three times daily and rubbed in gently.\nA strip of cream (½ cm long) is enough to treat an area of about the size of the hand.\nThe duration of the treatment depends upon the type of infection. Generally a minimum of two weeks is required, although up to four weeks may be necessary.\nIf you have athlete's foot, it may help to use an antifungal dusting powder as well. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to recommend one.\nThe symptoms of skin infection, such as itching or soreness, should improve within a few days of treatment although signs such as redness and scaling may take longer to disappear. If symptoms persist, consult your doctor.\nActive Ingredient: Clotrimazole 1% w/w.\nOther Ingredients: Benzyl Alcohol, Polysorbate 60, Sorbitan Stearate, Cetyl Palmitate, Cetostearyl Alcohol, Octyldodecanol and Purified Water.\nThis product contains cetostearyl alcohol which may cause local skin irritation (e.g. rash, itching or redness).\nAs with other creams, Canesten Antifungal Cream may reduce the effectiveness of rubber contraceptives, such as condoms or diaphragms. Consequently, if you are using this cream on the vulva or penis, you should use alternative precautions for at least five days after using this product.\nIf you are pregnant, breastfeeding or trying for a baby, tell your doctor or midwife before using Canesten Antifungal Cream. If you have informed your doctor or midwife already, follow his/her instructions carefully.\nDo not use Canesten Antifungal Cream:\nIf you (or your baby if treating nappy rash) are allergic (hypersensitive) to clotrimazole or any of the other ingredients, including cetostearyl alcohol, of Canesten Antifungal Cream.\nAlways read the product information. Click on the link below to view the Patient Information Leaflet. Requires Adobe Reader – if you cannot open the file, please click here to download.\nPatient Information Leaflet\nAverage rating (0 reviews) Write a Review\nWrite a reviewClose\nWe’re sorry, we are not able to process your request because of following errors. Please rectify them:\nPlease enter Name.\nPlease enter Email Address.\nPlease enter valid Email Address.\nPlease enter Title.\nPlease enter Comments.\nPlease type the 6 characters you see in the picture.\nName*\nEmail Address*\nTitle*\nComments*\nRating*\nClick on stars to rate this product.\nPicture\nCharacters*\nSubmit\nProducts you may also consider\nSaveup to 39%\nCanesten Cream 20g\n£3.09\nRRP :£5.10\nAdd\nSaveup to 27%\nCanesten Dual Action 1% w/w Cream 15g\n£2.99\nRRP :£4.15\nAdd\nSaveup to 25%\nDaktarin Cream 15g\n£3.09\nRRP :£4.13\nAdd\nSaveup to 16%\nCanesten Dermatological Spray 40ml\n£7.49\nRRP :£8.97\nAdd\nYour recent history\nSaveup to 42%\nCanesten Antifungal Cream 20g\n£2.95\nRRP :£5.10\nAdd\nNewsletter Subscribe\nFollow us on\nCustomer Services\nAbout UsDeliveryPharmacy InformationHealth AdviceContact UsFeedbackReturns\nShopping Assistant\nSpecial OffersShop By BrandShop By CategoriesDelivery InformationTerms & ConditionsPrivacy & Cookie Policy\nCategories\nMedicinesVitaminsFood & DrinkBeautyBabyFragrancesPet CareMobilitySexualGifts\nContact\nSend\nWhat is this?\nOnline Pharmacy\nTerms and Conditions\nPrivacy Policy\nSitemap\nNewsletter\nReturns\nFAQs\nCookie Policy\nMHRA\nUnwanted Medicines\nRepeat Prescription Advice\nClaiming Free Prescriptions?\nPublic Health Campaigns\nCopyright © Chemist.net 2019, all rights reserved.

2019-04-24T04:23:39Z

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13 Brain Boosting Supplements\nLive Fit Strong Healthy\nFollow Me On\nHome\nPersonal Training\nTraining Rates\nReferral\nClient Checkin\nNutritional Solutions\nResources\nWarmup\nHot Topics\nCool Stuff!\nReal Healthy Recipies\nClean 15 & Dirdy Dozen\nMacroNutrient Calculator\nIdeal Body Weight Calc\nPN's Food Encyclopedia\nRecipes for Good Health\nThrive Marketplace\nFood Alergy Testing\nShin Splints\nBack Pain Solutions\nTestimonials\nRead Testimonials\nLeave a Testimonial\nAbout\nMy Book Shelf\nFitness Workouts\n13 Supplement Recommendations to Boost Brain Power\nVitamin D3 - 2000-4000 daily international units (IU)\npreferably from a highly absorbable liquid source, such as a spray or an oil. Used for everything from boosting hormone levels to promoting bone health. But there are actually receptors for Vitamin D in the central nervous system and in the hippocampus (memory and spatial recognition) region of your brain. In these areas, Vitamin D not only protects neurons, but also regulates enzymes in your brain and cerebrospinal fluid that are involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and nerve growth. One recent study investigating Vitamin D and cognitive function found that the lower your Vitamin D levels, the more negative your performance is on mental tests. Another study fund that people with lower vitamin D levels have slower ability to process information – with this effect even more pronounced in individuals older than 60. To get the memory-enhancement effect of increased Vitamin D (especially if you live in a northern climate or get limited sun exposure) include a few teaspoons of cod liver oil frequently in your diet, eat beef and butter, have calf’s liver now and then. When it comes to Vitamin D, there can be a law of diminishing returns, so I highly recommend you pair Vitamin D testing with your intake, and keep your levels between 40 and 80 ng/ml. Finally, if you’re a vegetarian or vegan or eating inadequate amounts of fat, do not just take a bunch of D, because it can be toxic unless you pair it with A and K.\nVitamin K2 - 100 Micro-grams\nYour brain contains one of the highest concentrations of vitamin K2 in your entire body, and it is in this area of your body that Vitamin K2 prevents free radical damage to neurons and contributes to the production of the protective “myelin” sheets around your brain cells. A very important supplement for vegans and vegetarians. Also great for it’s bone building, brain building, and crucial for a healthy heart. But the fact is, unless you are vegan or vegetarian, or you have a serious deficiency or disease that requires K2 intake, you’re better off getting your K2 from natural sources such as grass-fed beef, fermented dairy products (like kefir) and natto (a fermented soybean derivative).\nArachidonic acid\nOne of the most abundant fatty acids in the brain, and is crucial for neurological health, since it helps build the cell membranes in your hippocampus, helps protect your brain from free radical damage, and activates proteins that are responsible for growth and repair of neurons in your brain. In one study, 18 month old infants who were given arachidonic acid supplements for 17 weeks showed significant improvements in intelligence, and in adults impaired arachidonic acid metabolism or insufficient arachidonic acid intake is linked to brain issues such as Alzheimer’s and bipolar disorder.Readily available in food sources, including Tilapia, catfish, yellowtail and mackerel (sushi anyone?), fatty cuts of meat, duck, eggs and dairy. If you want a better brain, you should frequently go out of your way to get your chompers on fatty foods. Incidentally, this highlights a reason why very active women need to be careful not to let their body fat levels fall too low if they plan on having children. Hip and butt fat are full of the the specific omega-3 fatty acids and DHA necessary for major brain development during the development of a baby, and if women are low on body fat and low in DHA, this will severely compromise intelligence in the baby.\nPhosphatidylserine - 100mg\nFound in abundance in neural tissue, where it serves as a structural component of cell membranes, and acts to increase your available acetylcholine levels, which means it can increase alertness, and dopamine/glutamate levels in your brain. Phosphatidylserine has been shown to improve memory and spatial recognition, and may also improve cognitive performance and memory in humans, Shown to be beneficial in decreasing progression of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Although you can find phosphatidylserine in supplement and pill forms (especially in the form of krill oil), it tends to be expensive, especially when you consider that you can get it in fairly high levels in seafood, particularly herring and mackerel. Perhaps you’re seeing a pattern here that it might be a good idea to become a fan of sushi and sashimi if you’re aren’t already including in your diet – or at least start getting some good canned herring or mackerel to put on your salad every now and again.\nFish Oil - 2-10g\nAs you learned in the last chapter, signals used in thought, memory and processing bounce around in your brain and get transferred from one brain cell (neuron) to another via a point called a synapse, where the signals cross a physical channel before moving on to the next neuron. The walls that these signals need to pass through are comprised of cell membranes made up of about 20% essential fatty acids – like the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. Specifically, these Omega-3 fatty acids may make the membrane that holds these channels more elastic, making it easier for the channels to change shape and for signals to propagate throughout your nervous system. With inadequate Omega-3 fatty acids, these channels lose flexibility and electrical impulses become hindered. Inadequate fatty acids may also harm the function of structures called G-proteins, which are the inside the cell membrane and of vital importance to the transmission of signals between brain cells. With as little as 2 grams per day, the use of omega-3 fatty acids like fish oil may also reduce severity of dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer’s, brain atrophy and cognitive decline, while simultaneously improving mental function. Don’t waste your money on cheap, ethyl-ester forms of fish oil that you’ll find in most supplements. Instead, pair 1-2 grams of a daily dose of triglyceride based fish oil with regular intake of cold-water fish like mackerel, herring, anchovies or sardines. It’s also a good idea to consume a fish oil that includes antioxidants such as astaxanthin, Vitamin D and Vitamin E, and to also step up dark, leafy green and dark fruit intake, or include a good antioxidant supplement. This is all the more important if you decide to “mega-dose” with 8-10g of fish oil per day.\nMCT’s (from coconut oil)\nWhen your body burns fatty acids as a fuel, it produces an end-product called Acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is then converted into ketones, which are a fuel that is preferentially used by your brain. At high enough levels of blood ketones, you begin to experience significant cognitive boosts and an increase in focus. One of the quickest ways to generate ketones from fatty acids is via the use of a special kind of fat called medium chain triglycerides, or MCT’s (9). While you can get ample MCT’s from coconut oil, you can get them in an even more purified and concentrated form from liquid MCT oil. MCT’s are easy to use. You can blend several tablespoons of MCT oil with the coffee recipe you’ll find below or you can eat a couple tablespoons of coconut oil in the mid-morning or the mid-afternoon. Too many MCT’s can easily cause an upset stomach, so start small, and gradually titrate your dosage up. Interestingly, although at the time of this writing, it has yet to be approved by the FDA, a special kind of ketone called “BHB” is sold in the form of beta-hydroxy-butyrate salts and can instantly increase levels of blood ketones without you needing to consume any fat at all.\nCaffeine - 100mg\nAbout the amount you’ll get in a cup of black coffee, has been proven to improve memory recall. Caffeine’s psychostimulatory effects are primarily because it blocks a receptor in your central nervous system that is responsible for binding a compound called adenosine. When you inhibit adenosine, you get increased activity of dopamine and glutamate, two feel-good, alertness-increasing brain-stimulating compounds. More caffeine is not better, since higher doses may decrease blood flow to your brain, and you can quickly build up tolerance. Furthermore, at least three caffeine-induced disorders are recognized by the American Psychiatric Association: caffeine intoxication, caffeine-induced sleep disorder and caffeine-induced anxiety disorder. Choose fresh coffee from arabica beans, and not coffee powders or substitutes, since cheap coffee and coffee knock-offs are high in mycotoxins, which ironically give you fuzzy thinking. Once every few weeks, switch to decaf to avoid building up any caffeine tolerance.\nL-Theanine\nOne of the major amino acid components in green tea and black tea, and it appears that it has a role to play in reducing stress and anxiety. Specifically, L-Theanine blocks glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in your brain, and in doing so can increase alpha brain wave activity, boost cognitive ability and provide a calming effect. So not only can L-Theanine help you sleep, but it also assists with relaxed focus. Mix L-Theanine with caffeine to experience the combination of a slight “pick-me-up” from caffeine with the improved focus and mood from L-Theanine. The three best sources for theanine are green tea (edible green tea), the Neuroscience Travacor supplement, and delta-E, a powdered supplement that can be added to water.\nL-Phenylalanine\nAn amino acid that is converted into L-tyrosine. L-tyrosine in turn is converted into L-Dopa, which is further converted into dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline) – the primary chemicals in your body responsible for increasing alertness and focus. L-Phenylalanine can achieve this effect without throwing your HPA axis off kilter.\nCreatine - 5g\nNot only has strength and power-enhancing effects, but can also be a very effective nootropic. Creatine can have a neuroprotective effect by slowing down neuronal cell death, and can also increase levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate, improve memory and learning, assist with depression, and suppress steep spikes in serotonin. This is especially important news for vegans and vegetarians, who may find that by consuming adequate dietary fats combined with creatine, they can stave off much of the cognitive fuzziness that can accompany a plant-based diet. Most studies on creatine use a “loading protocol” of 0.3g/kg bodyweight for 5-7 days followed by 5g of creatine per day after that. However, if you’re already eating meat, as little as 2g daily is enough supplementation to maintain average stores of creatine.\nCarnitine - 750mg-2,000mg/day (split into two daily doses)\nAnother precursor to acetylcholine, and plays a variety of roles within your brain, including synthesis and stabilization of cell membranes, regulation of neural genes and proteins, better function of the “mitochondria” (the energy powerhouse of the cell), protection from free radical damage to the brain, better transmission of acetylcholine, and enhanced glucose uptake to the brain. Carnitine has been shown to be very effective in alleviating the side-effects of aging, such as neurological decline and chronic fatigue, and also improving insulin sensitivity and blood vessel health. It has beneficial effects on neurons, repairing them from damage induced by some states such as high blood sugar. Carnitine also increases fat burning and mitochondrial respiration. So you get a brain buzz, along with more energy when you use the stuff prior to workouts. Both this and creatine would be good supplements to use if you’re doing lots of strength training or explosive exercise, and want to kill two birds with one stone.\nAlpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) - 300-600mg\nA fatty acid that can protect neurological decline with age, and can also be used as a treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Alpha lipoic acid can easily cross the blood-brain barrier (a wall of tiny vessels and structural cells that protect your brain), and pass into the brain to have these neuroprotective effects. ALA has been shown to reduce oxidative damage in neuronal cells, increase the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate in your synapses, and increase dopamine and acetycholine availability.\nHuperzine\nAn “acetylcholinesterase inhibitor”, which means you get more of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine rushing around in your brain. You call these type of compounds “cholinomimetics“. Acetylcholine is a very important neurotransmitter that is found in many nootropics, and the foundation of several smart drugs is to simply halt breakdown of acetylcholine, or maximize production of acetylcholine (also known as aceytlcholine agonists). Studies have shown that Huperzine supplementation has neuroprotective effects and enhances cognitive function in animals and humans – but what most people don’t know is that there are natural herbal sources of Huperzine. For example, in Chinese herbal medicine, an herb called “Club Moss” is used slow progression of Alzheimer’s. Guess what the active ingredient in Club Moss is? That’s right – Huperzine. Be very careful if you’re going to order Club Moss. Most Chinese herbs sit in big bins in China for several years and get old, ineffective, and sprayed with toxic ethylene oxide. TianChi is the only Chinese adaptogenic herb complex that I’ve found which actually has effective doses Club Moss, along with a cocktail of other brain-boosting ingredients – including citicholine, which is one of the best ways to acetylcholine. It’s spendy but in my opinion well worth it. I take one packet of TianChi on an empty stomach every morning, and if you were going to do one thing that you could feel instantly in your brain, this would be it.\nPowered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.\nGet Started

2019-04-19T08:28:40Z

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season Archives - Feet First Podiatry, LLC\nFeet First Podiatry, LLC\nSearch\nPrimary Menu\nSkip to content\nHome\nMeet Our Doctors\nAbout Our Practice\nAreas of Expertise\nHours and Location\nNew Patient Forms\nSearch for:\nTag Archives: season\nCold and Flu Season is Upon Us…\nJanuary 7, 2015 dadamovsky\nCold and Flu: Need to Know Facts and Myths\nCold and flu season is upon us, a time of year that sends many Americans scrambling to refresh their stockpiles of tissues, hand sanitizer and chicken soup. In all, it’s estimated that Americans suffer from 1 billion colds a year, about 2-4 each year for adults and 6-12 annually for children ages 6-12.\nInfluenza, meanwhile, impacts about 5 percent to 20 percent of the population every year.1 Both colds and flu are caused by viruses and they can cause many of the same symptoms …\nSo how do you know if you have a cold or the flu?\nYour doctor can perform a test to let you know, if necessary, but generally speaking a cold will be milder than the flu and is more likely to cause a runny or stuffy nose. Flu, on the other hand, is more likely to lead to fever, body aches, extreme fatigue and cough. Typically only the flu can lead to serious health complications like pneumonia or bacterial infections — colds will generally be less severe.\nAs common as these illnesses are — virtually everyone has had a cold or the flu at some point in their life — there’s still a lot of misinformation out there. Here we’ve compiled a list of some common myths and facts about colds and flus to help clear up the confusion and offer you some tips for getting, and staying, well this season.\n7 Common Cold and Flu Myths\nMyth #1: Feed a Fever, Starve a Cold, or Vice Versa\nSome say you should feed a fever, starve a cold. Others believe it’s the cold you feed and the fever you starve. Either way, you don’t ever want to “starve” yourself when you’re sick, as your body needs nutrients to keep functioning.\nThat said, when you have a fever or cold you probably won’t feel like eating much anyway, and this may help your body direct its energy toward your immune system and fighting off the illness. During a cold, you need to eat healthy foods, like vegetable juice and broths, to help fight off the illness, but you shouldn’t force yourself to do so, and you should definitely avoid overeating.\nFor the most part, it’s ok to listen to your body when it comes to eating when you have a cold or the flu. If you’re hungry, choose a nutritious snack to give your body energy and always make sure you’re drinking plenty of fluids. If you’re not hungry, it’s ok to skip a meal or two, but make sure you don’t go too long without at least a light snack. And no matter what, drink plenty of fluids regularly.\nMyth #2: Antibiotics Help\nColds and the flu are caused by viruses … and viruses are not impacted by antibiotics. So taking one will not help you get over a cold or the flu faster. Instead, every time you take antibiotics more bacteria in your body may become resistant to the drugs.\nA new study found that patients of doctors who over-prescribe antibiotics may actually develop drug resistance that lasts up to a year, putting them at risk of antibiotic-resistant infections and also increase the chances they could spread drug-resistant bacteria in their community.2\nThe only time antibiotics should be used is in the case of a secondary bacterial infection. Otherwise, typical colds and flu usually go away on their own and should not be treated with antibiotics.\nMyth #3: The Flu Shot Guarantees You Won’t Get the Flu\nThe flu vaccine only protects against a select group of flu viruses, not all of them, so the effectiveness of the flu shot depends on how well the viruses chosen for the vaccine match up with the flu viruses circulating in your area. Your age and immune system function can also impact the flu shot’s effectiveness.\nAccording to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):\n“Overall, in years when the vaccine and circulating viruses are well-matched, influenza vaccines can be expected to reduce laboratory-confirmed influenza by approximately 70% to 90% in healthy adults under 65 years of age…\nIn years when the vaccine strains are not well matched to circulating strains, vaccine effectiveness can be variably reduced.”3\nThey continue:\n“The vaccine may also be lower among persons with chronic medical conditions and among the elderly, as compared to healthy young adults and children. In addition, estimates of vaccine effectiveness vary, based on the specificity of the outcome that is being measured in the study.”4\nUnfortunately, the only way to know for sure how effective any year’s flu vaccine will be is to wait for the statistics to be revealed after the season is over.\nMyth #4: You Can Get the Flu from the Flu Shot\nFlu shots contain an inactivated (killed) virus, so you cannot get the flu from a flu shot. You may, however, experience symptoms such as fever, nausea and body aches.\nThe nasal spray form of the flu vaccine, on the other hand, contains a weakened live virus. Although it’s said this weakened virus will not cause the same severe symptoms that ordinary flu virus can, rare cases of transmitting flu viruses to others after receiving a nasal spray flu vaccine have been reported. Flu-like symptoms, including sore throat, cough, headache, muscle aches and fever may also occur.5\nMyth #5: If You Get the Flu Shot Too Early, It Won’t Last All Season\nThe flu shot is designed to be effective all season, so if you do choose to get one there’s no reason to wait. As the CDC notes:\n“Flu vaccination provides protection against the influenza strains contained in the vaccine that will last for the whole season. Vaccination can begin as soon as vaccine is available. Studies do not show a benefit of receiving more than one dose of vaccine during a flu season, even among elderly persons with weakened immune systems.”6\nMyth #6: You’re More Likely to Catch a Cold or Flu on an Airplane\nThere’s a general feeling that breathing the air on airplanes is akin to sucking up a Petri dish full of various germs. In reality, it’s not nearly that bad.\nUniversity of California, San Francisco researchers found that flying in a plane that uses recirculated air throughout the cabin led to no more colds than did flying in a plane with 100 percent fresh air ventilation.7 Further, Boeing reports that the High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters used to filter cabin air have a greater than 99 percent efficiency in removing bacteria and viruses from the air.8\nSo while you may be more likely to catch a cold or flu if you’re in close quarters with others who are sick (as you definitely are on a plane), the risk of getting sick on a plane ride is likely similar to any other situation where you’re around a lot of other people in a public place.\nMyth #7: Stomach Flu is the Same as the “Seasonal Flu”\nThe stomach flu, the kind that causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, is not the same as the flu you commonly catch in the winter. Stomach flu is typically caused by noroviruses and is sometimes referred to as viral gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines). Seasonal flu, on the other hand, is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus.\nAnd Now for the Facts …\n1. You Can’t Catch a Cold From Going Outside Without a Coat …\n… or with wet hair (not that we recommend doing either of these in the dead of winter). You catch a cold or the flu by being exposed to the virus, either from a person who coughs or sneezes or by touching an object with the virus on it.\nMost often, flu viruses are spread person to person from coughing and sneezing and breathing in the virus from the air, while cold viruses are often picked up when an infected person transfers germs onto an object (doorknob, pen, TV remote control, etc.) that you then handle. Once the germ is on your hands it can gain entrance to your body if you touch your eyes, nose or mouth.\nJust because you’re exposed to a virus does not mean you’ll get sick, however. Whether or not the virus can take hold in your body depends on your immune system’s ability to fight off the pathogen.\nMost often, flu viruses are spread person to person from coughing and sneezing and breathing in the virus from the air, while cold viruses are often picked up when an infected person transfers germs onto an object (doorknob, pen, TV remote control, etc.) that you then handle. Once the germ is on your hands it can gain entrance to your body if you touch your eyes, nose or mouth. Just because you’re exposed to a virus does not mean you’ll get sick, however. Whether or not the virus can take hold in your body depends on your immune system’s ability to fight off the pathogen.\n2. Colds and Flu Typically Go Away on Their Own\nIn most cases colds and flu are mild illnesses that require only rest and plenty of fluids for you to recover. Generally speaking, they do not require medical care or antiviral drugs, which are sometimes given for the flu.\nThere are a few exceptions, especially for the flu, however. Young children, those over 65, pregnant women and people with asthma or diabetes are at an increased risk of flu complications, and may want to see their health care provider if flu-like symptoms occur. If you’re suffering from a cold or flu and have difficulty breathing, dizziness, severe vomiting, or high fever, or if you are not able to drink enough fluids, you should seek medical help immediately.\nAlso seek medical care if your symptoms get worse instead of better, or last an unusually long time.\nFlu typically goes away in three to five days while colds generally last seven to 10.\n3. Chicken Soup IS Good for Colds and Flu\nDid your mom or grandma always make you chicken soup to help you recover from a cold? It turns out there is some truth behind this old wives’ tale. In fact, researchers from the University of Nebraska Medical Center found that chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties that are soothing for colds and flu.\nIn their lab study, chicken soup inhibited the movement of neutrophils, white blood cells released by viral infections that stimulate the release of mucous. The researchers concluded:9\n“The present study, therefore, suggests that chicken soup may contain a number of substances with beneficial medicinal activity. A mild anti-inflammatory effect could be one mechanism by which the soup could result in the mitigation of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections.”\nSo in this case it turns out mom and grandma knew best all along.\n4. Regular Exercise Can Keep Colds Away\nIt’s long been known that exercise is beneficial for immune system function, but now a new study revealed that people who exercise regularly may cut their risk of getting a cold nearly in half.10 Further, in the event you do get sick, your symptoms will likely be less severe if you’re normally an active person.\nSo keeping your fitness level up even in the cold of winter is every bit as important as eating right, sleeping well and keeping your stress levels in check for helping to ward off illness.\n5. Hand-Washing is One of the BEST Ways to Avoid Colds and Flu\nIt’s deceivingly simple, but washing your hands — vigorously for about 20 seconds — is one of the best ways to avoiding getting a cold or the flu.\nIn fact, the World Health Organization points out that washing your hands often makes you 24 percent less likely to catch a respiratory illness and up to 50 percent less likely to get a stomach bug.11\nAlong with washing your own hands, make sure your kids learn the importance of hand-washing, both at home and at school, too.\n6. Honey Can Soothe Your Cough\nIf you’re struggling with a bad cough, a spoonful of honey may be even better than a dose of cough medicine.\nResearchers found that children given a spoonful of buckwheat honey mixed into a non-caffeinated drink before bed coughed less and slept as well as or better than kids given a commercial cough medicine.12\nSo if you’re coughing, mixing a spoonful of honey into a cup of herbal tea may provide some soothing relief. But remember, infants under 1 year of age should not be given honey due to botulism risks.\nSources:\n1. CDC.gov Seasonal Influenza, Q&A\n2. BMJ. 2010 May 18;340:c2096.\n3&4. CDC.gov Seasonal Flu Vaccination\n5. CDC.gov 2010-2011 Seasonal Influenza (Flu) Vaccine Safety\n6. CDC.gov Seasonal Influenza (Flu) Q&A\n7. UCSF New Office July 22, 2002 “Recirculated airplane cabin air does not cause more colds”\n8. Boeing.com Commercial Airplanes, Cabin Air Quality\n9 Chest. 2000 Oct;118(4):1150-7.\n10. British Journal of Sports Medicine November 1, 2010\n11. USAToday.com January 21, 2009 “The science of hand washing to ward off cold, flu bugs”\n12. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine December 2007;161(12):1140-1146.\n13. http://www.cncahealth.com/explore/learn/general-health/cold-and-flu-need-to-know-facts-and-myths\nactivecoldcold and flu seasoncoughingfluheadachehealthymedicineseasonsicksneezingwash your hands\nLOCATIONS\nST.CHARLES, MO\n2318 highway 94 South Outer Road\nSt. Charles, MO 63303\nWENTZVILLE, MO\n1021 Wentzville Pkwy\nWentzville, MO 63385\n(Scheduling now)\nGREENVILLE, IL\n200 Health Care Dr,\nGreenville, IL 62246\nPhone: 636-477-7300\nFax: 636-922-0884\nTOLL FREE: 888-557-8333\nRequest an Appointment\nSubmit this form today to request an appointment and one of our team members will be contacting you between business hours. (9am-5pm)\nThank you!\n* indicates required field\nFirst Name:*\nMiddle Initial:\nLast Name:*\nPatient Date of Birth:*\nPrimary Phone Number:*\nPatient Address:*\nEmail:\nInsurance Carrier:*\nInsurance ID:*\nGroup Number:\nRelationship to Card Holder:*\nSelf\nSpouse\nChild\nLife Partner\nOther\nReason For Visit:*\nAppointment Urgency:*\nNext Available\n1-2 Days\n1-2 Weeks\nWithin 1 Month\nPreferred Doctor:*\nDr. Adamovsky\nDr. Timko\nDr. Visser\nPreferred Location:*\nSt. Charles, MO\nWentzville, MO\nGreenville, IL\nPreferred Day of the Week:*\nMonday\nTuesday\nWednesday\nThursday\nFriday\nPreferred Appointment Time:*\nMorning\nAfternoon\nHow Did You Hear About Us?*\nCAPTCHA Code:*\nPatient Care with an Emphasis on Attention to Detail is Our Priority.\nFeet First Blog\nTour Our Office\nSuccess Stories\nOnline Store\nTake a Survey about Feet First Podiatry\nFollow Us!\n.\nSearch for:\nhttp://www.feetfirstpodiatry.com/\nMeta\nLog in\nEntries RSS\nComments RSS\nWordPress.org\nProudly powered by WordPress

2019-04-25T12:41:21Z

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