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Context: Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selborne, quoted a man's story about swallows being found in a chalk cliff collapse "while he was a schoolboy at Brighthelmstone", though the man denied being an eyewitness. However, he also writes that "as to swallows being found in a torpid state during the winter in the Isle of Wight or any part of this country, I never heard any such account worth attending to", and that if early swallows "happen to find frost and snow they immediately withdraw for a time—a circumstance this much more in favour of hiding than migration", since he doubts they would "return for a week or two to warmer latitudes". Question: Which bird did Aristotle believe hibernated? Answer: swallows Question: Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist? Answer: 1878 Question: Who wrote 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows? Answer: Elliott Coues Question: Who wrote "The Natural History of Selborne"? Answer: Gilbert White
Context: The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-Hispanic white population declined 3 percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade. Question: What percentage of the city's population is Caucasian? Answer: 44% Question: What percentage of the city's population is African-American? Answer: 25.5% Question: What ethnicity is growing the quickest in New York City? Answer: Asians Question: What percentage of the population identifies as Hispanic? Answer: 28.6% Question: By what percentage did the non-Hispanic white population decrease? Answer: 3 Question: As of 2010, what percentage made up white people in NYC? Answer: 44 Question: Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC? Answer: the Civil War Question: Which race of people made it the highest growing ethnicity between 2000-2010 in NYC? Answer: Asians Question: What percentage of Africans make up NYC? Answer: 25.5
Context: In Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and the various denominations still manage the school as patrons or trustees. The state owns the school property, which is vested in the trustees in perpetuity. The model was adopted to make state schools more acceptable to a largely conservative society of the time. Question: In what decade were community schools conceived? Answer: 1970s Question: Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found? Answer: The state Question: In what decade weren't community schools conceived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade were community schools closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rents the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who owns the land on which Scotish comprehensive schools are found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools aren't found? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Myocardial infarction in the setting of plaque results from underlying atherosclerosis. Inflammation is known to be an important step in the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive but nonspecific marker for inflammation. Elevated CRP blood levels, especially measured with high-sensitivity assays, can predict the risk of MI, as well as stroke and development of diabetes. Moreover, some drugs for MI might also reduce CRP levels. The use of high-sensitivity CRP assays as a means of screening the general population is advised against, but it may be used optionally at the physician's discretion in those who already present with other risk factors or known coronary artery disease. Whether CRP plays a direct role in atherosclerosis remains uncertain. Question: The setting of plaque is called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: CRP is known to play a direct role in what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What specific marker indicates inflammation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Drugs for MI tend to raise what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of screening is generally recommended? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The region is well known for its Golconda and Hyderabad painting styles which are branches of Deccani painting. Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the Vijayanagara paintings of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style. The Hyderabad style originated in the 17th century under the Nizams. Highly influenced by Mughal painting, this style makes use of bright colours and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes and jewellery. Question: Golconda is a type of what kind of painting? Answer: Deccani painting Question: In what century did Golconda painting develop? Answer: 16th century Question: What type of colors would one generally find in Golconda painting? Answer: luminous gold and white Question: In what century did Hyderabad style painting develop? Answer: 17th century Question: What types of scenes does Hyderabad style painting generally contain? Answer: regional landscape, culture, costumes and jewellery
Context: On 24 August, Pravda and Izvestia carried news of the non-secret portions of the Pact, complete with the now infamous front-page picture of Molotov signing the treaty, with a smiling Stalin looking on. The news was met with utter shock and surprise by government leaders and media worldwide, most of whom were aware only of the British–French–Soviet negotiations that had taken place for months. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was received with shock by Nazi Germany's allies, notably Japan, by the Comintern and foreign communist parties, and by Jewish communities all around the world. So, that day, German diplomat Hans von Herwarth, whose grandmother was Jewish, informed Guido Relli, an Italian diplomat, and American chargé d'affaires Charles Bohlen on the secret protocol regarding vital interests in the countries' allotted "spheres of influence", without revealing the annexation rights for "territorial and political rearrangement". Question: Which diplomat leaked information about the secret agreements? Answer: Hans von Herwarth Question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the signing of the agreement? Answer: Japan Question: How long had the tripartite discussions been taking place? Answer: place for months Question: Which diplomat never leaked information about the secret agreements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which diplomat leaked information about the public agreements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which ally of Germany was least surprised by the signing of the agreement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the scrapping of the agreement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long hadn't the tripartite discussions been taking place? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC). Question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934? Answer: $670 million Question: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934? Answer: 5,200,000 acres Question: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do? Answer: hunt migratory birds Question: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps? Answer: hunters Question: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps? Answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission Question: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act? Answer: $670 million Question: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase? Answer: 5,200,000 acres Question: What do the Duck Stamps serve as? Answer: license to hunt migratory birds Question: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters? Answer: eighty-seven Question: Who manages distribution of funds? Answer: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC) Question: In what year was the MBCC created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is needed to enter MBCC areas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the MBCC buy a significant number of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of hunters belong to the MBCC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is required to work at the MBCC? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder. Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public. Question: Who was the 'father of modern policing'? Answer: Peel Question: Whose philosophy influenced Peel? Answer: Jeremy Bentham Question: What political position did Bentham think police should have? Answer: neutral Question: How did Peel standardize police? Answer: as an official paid profession Question: How did Peel organize police? Answer: in a civilian fashion Question: Who was the 'mother of modern policing'? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose philosophy repelled Peel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What political position did Bentham think police shouldn't have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Peel specialize police? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Peel disorganize police? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986, which left London as the only large metropolis in the world without a central administration. In 2000, London-wide government was restored, with the creation of the Greater London Authority. To celebrate the start of the 21st century, the Millennium Dome, London Eye and Millennium Bridge were constructed. On 6 July 2005 London was awarded the 2012 Summer Olympics, making London the first city to stage the Olympic Games three times. In January 2015, Greater London's population was estimated to be 8.63 million, the highest level since 1939. Question: What were the Millennium Dome, the London Eye, and the Millennium Bridge created to honor? Answer: the start of the 21st century Question: What government entity was abolished in 1986? Answer: The Greater London Council Question: London was honored with what in July, 2005? Answer: awarded the 2012 Summer Olympics Question: What replaced the long-abolished Greater London Council in 2000? Answer: the Greater London Authority Question: The population of Greater London in January 2015 was its greatest since what year? Answer: 1939
Context: The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being built by the Russians at Mamelon, located on a hill in front of the Malakoff. Several weeks of fighting saw little change in the front line, and the Mamelon remained in Russian hands. Question: What did the French believe was instrumental in their defense? Answer: the Malakoff Question: Where was the Russians building a new fort? Answer: Mamelon Question: Mamelon is found on a hill in front of what suburban commune? Answer: Malakoff Question: After fighting for weeks, what did the Russians continue to have control over? Answer: the Mamelon
Context: Almost two thousand years after Plato, René Descartes also proposed a geometrically based alternative theory of atomism, without the problematic nothing–everything dichotomy of void and atom. Although Descartes agreed with the contemporary position, that a vacuum does not occur in nature, the success of his namesake coordinate system and more implicitly, the spatial–corporeal component of his metaphysics would come to define the philosophically modern notion of empty space as a quantified extension of volume. By the ancient definition however, directional information and magnitude were conceptually distinct. With the acquiescence of Cartesian mechanical philosophy to the "brute fact" of action at a distance, and at length, its successful reification by force fields and ever more sophisticated geometric structure, the anachronism of empty space widened until "a seething ferment" of quantum activity in the 20th century filled the vacuum with a virtual pleroma. Question: What did Descartes believe about vacuums in nature? Answer: that a vacuum does not occur in nature Question: Whose work with metaphysics would come to define the notion of empty space? Answer: Descartes Question: What philosophy combined with Descartes to push quantum activity in the 20th century? Answer: Cartesian mechanical philosophy Question: What dichotomy did Descartes center his theory around? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What position did Plato agree with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Plato believe a vaccuum did not occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What philosophy was behind Plato's understanding of a vacuum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Plato's discoveries about atomism come to define about empty space? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to the Statistical Institute of Catalonia in 2008 the Catalan language is the second most commonly used in Catalonia, after Spanish, as a native or self-defining language. The Generalitat of Catalunya spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories. Question: What is the second most often spoken language is Catalonia? Answer: Catalan Question: What is the most used language in Catalonia? Answer: Spanish Question: What is the type designation of Catalan in Catalonia? Answer: native Question: What group spends money to promote the language? Answer: The Generalitat of Catalunya Question: What language is promoted in Catalonia? Answer: Catalan
Context: The World Bank collects a range of data on corruption, including survey responses from over 100,000 firms worldwide and a set of indicators of governance and institutional quality. Moreover, one of the six dimensions of governance measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators is Control of Corruption, which is defined as "the extent to which power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as 'capture' of the state by elites and private interests." While the definition itself is fairly precise, the data aggregated into the Worldwide Governance Indicators is based on any available polling: questions range from "is corruption a serious problem?" to measures of public access to information, and not consistent across countries. Despite these weaknesses, the global coverage of these datasets has led to their widespread adoption, most notably by the Millennium Challenge Corporation. Question: How many firms throughout the world have been surveyed by the World Bank in regards to its corruption study? Answer: over 100,000 Question: How many dimensions of governance are measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators? Answer: six Question: One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what? Answer: Control of Corruption Question: Which organization is most notable for adopting the global coverage of these studies? Answer: Millennium Challenge Corporation
Context: While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed. Question: What two sources of energy use do DST proponents say are reduced by the time change? Answer: lighting and heating Question: What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons? Answer: equal Question: Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday? Answer: after Question: Is it the supporters or opponents of Daylight Saving Time who say it significantly reduces energy use? Answer: Supporters
Context: Under British administration, Myanmar was the second-wealthiest country in South-East Asia. It had been the world's largest exporter of rice. Myanmar also had a wealth of natural and labour resources. British Burma began exporting crude oil in 1853, making it one of the earliest petroleum producers in the world. It produced 75% of the world's teak and had a highly literate population. The wealth was however, mainly concentrated in the hands of Europeans. In 1930s, agricultural production fell dramatically as international rice prices declined, and did not recover for several decades. Question: In terms of finance, when being ruled by the English, where did Burma stand ? Answer: Under British administration, Myanmar was the second-wealthiest country in South-East Asia. Question: What was Burma's greatest export during that time of English rule ? Answer: rice Question: What did Myanmar do that made it know to be one of the originals in a particular finance producing endeavor ? Answer: Burma began exporting crude oil in 1853, making it one of the earliest petroleum producers in the world. Question: What wood product was produced primarily in Myanmar during British rule ? Answer: 75% of the world's teak Question: What notable quality made Burma stand out from other South East Asian countries ? Answer: a highly literate population
Context: In physics, energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. The "ability of a system to perform work" is a common description, but it is difficult to give one single comprehensive definition of energy because of its many forms. For instance, in SI units, energy is measured in joules, and one joule is defined "mechanically", being the energy transferred to an object by the mechanical work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton.[note 1] However, there are many other definitions of energy, depending on the context, such as thermal energy, radiant energy, electromagnetic, nuclear, etc., where definitions are derived that are the most convenient. Question: What is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms? Answer: energy Question: In SI units, energy is measured in what measurement? Answer: joules Question: Mechanically, one joule is defined as what? Answer: the energy transferred to an object by the mechanical work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton Question: What is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms in biology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In SI units, what is measured in watts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: electronuclear is a definition of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many meters of chemical work is required? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What definitions are there for types of energy, regardless of context? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Napoleon maintained strict, efficient work habits, prioritizing what needed to be done. He cheated at cards, but repaid the losses; he had to win at everything he attempted. He kept relays of staff and secretaries at work. Unlike many generals, Napoleon did not examine history to ask what Hannibal or Alexander or anyone else did in a similar situation. Critics said he won many battles simply because of luck; Napoleon responded, "Give me lucky generals," aware that "luck" comes to leaders who recognize opportunity, and seize it. Dwyer argues that Napoleon's victories at Austerlitz and Jena in 1805-06 heightened his sense of self-grandiosity, leaving him even more certain of his destiny and invincibility. By the Russian campaign in 1812, however, Napoleon seems to have lost his verve. With crisis after crisis at hand, he rarely rose to the occasion. Some historians have suggested a physical deterioration, but others note that an impaired Napoleon was still a brilliant general. Question: According to critics, what was the reason Napoleon won many battles? Answer: luck Question: When did Napoleon win victories at Austerlitz and Jena? Answer: 1805-06 Question: In what year did the Russian campaign take place? Answer: 1812 Question: Who argues that Napoleon's triumphs at Austerlitz and Jena increased his self-grandiosity? Answer: Dwyer Question: What did Napoleon do at cards, though he repaid losses? Answer: cheated
Context: Arts & Sciences at Washington University comprises three divisions: the College of Arts & Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, and University College in Arts & Sciences. Barbara Schaal is Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Sciences. James E. McLeod was the Vice Chancellor for Students and Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences; according to a University news release he died at the University's Barnes-Jewish Hospital on Tuesday, September 6, 2011 of renal failure as a result of a two-year-long struggle with cancer. Richard J. Smith is Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Question: How many divisions make up Arts & Sciences at Washington University? Answer: three divisions Question: Who is the Dean of Faculty of Arts & Sciences at Washington University? Answer: Barbara Schaal Question: What positions did James Mcleod hold at Washington University? Answer: Vice Chancellor for Students and Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences Question: When did James Mcleod pass away? Answer: September 6, 2011 Question: What position does Richard J. Smith hold at Washington University? Answer: Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Question: In what year did Barbara Schaal become the Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Jame E. McLeod become Vice Chancellor for Students? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Jame E. McLeod become Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the current Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the current Vice Chancellor for Students? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Washington National Records Center (WNRC), located in Suitland, Maryland is a large warehouse type facility which stores federal records which are still under the control of the creating agency. Federal government agencies pay a yearly fee for storage at the facility. In accordance with federal records schedules, documents at WNRC are transferred to the legal custody of the National Archives after a certain point (this usually involves a relocation of the records to College Park). Temporary records at WNRC are either retained for a fee or destroyed after retention times has elapsed. WNRC also offers research services and maintains a small research room. Question: Where is The Washington National Records Center located? Answer: Suitland, Maryland Question: What does The Washington National Records Center primarily store? Answer: federal records Question: After staying at the WNRC, where are records transferred to? Answer: the National Archives Question: What happens to temporary records at the WNRC if they are not retrieved by the end of the retention times? Answer: destroyed Question: Beyond the storage of federal records, what service does the WNRC provide? Answer: research Question: In what city and state are the National Archives located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do researchers pay for storage at the National Archives? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When do researchers transfer documents to the WNRC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of room is maintained by the National Archives? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has control of the records stored by researchers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities' unwillingness to prosecute those responsible. From October 26–28, the Zelenyi Svit (Friends of the Earth – Ukraine) environmental association held its founding congress, and on October 27 the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating the special status of party and other official organizations. Question: How many factories had strikes on October 26? Answer: twenty Question: Where were the strikes? Answer: Lviv Question: What were the strikes in protest against? Answer: police brutality
Context: Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference. Question: When did the torch arrive in Canberra? Answer: April 24 Question: Who received the flame from Chinese officials in Canberra? Answer: Agnes Shea Question: What did Agnes Shea give to the Chinese in return? Answer: a message stick Question: Who publicly argued at a press conference? Answer: Australian and Chinese officials Question: Where was the relay held in Australia? Answer: Canberra Question: How many kilometers was the route in Australia? Answer: 16 Question: What was the location of the beginning of the Olympic torch route in Australia? Answer: Reconciliation Place Question: Who kept the demonstrators separated? Answer: Australian Federal Police. Question: What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials? Answer: Agnes Shea
Context: In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism. Question: By tradition, when a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family she raises her children to be which type of Jew? Answer: Ashkenazi Jews Question: When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity? Answer: children inherit a Sephardic identity Question: A convert generally follows which practice? Answer: the practice of the beth din that converted him or her
Context: Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am) with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall during the season. Lows occasionally fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C). Question: What is Miami's Köppen climate classification? Answer: Am Question: What type of weather does Miami have in the summer? Answer: hot and humid Question: In degrees Celsius, what is the average January temperature in Miami? Answer: 19.6 Question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the normal range of high temperatures in Miami? Answer: 70–77 Question: In degrees Celsius, what temperature does Miami rarely see? Answer: 2 Question: What isn't Miami's Köppen climate classification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of weather doesn't Miami have in the summer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In degrees Celsius, what isn't the average January temperature in Miami? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the normal range of low temperatures in Miami? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In degrees Celsius, what temperature does Miami always see? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest "the rotation of the heavens and the flow of rivers" and make "austere old men blaze with illicit passions". She and her clients are portrayed as undermining the natural order of gods, mankind and destiny. A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia. Question: Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus? Answer: Sextus Pompeius Question: What witch was reputed to be able to stop the rotation of the heavens? Answer: Erichtho Question: What natural order was Erichtho accused of undermining? Answer: order of gods Question: How was Erichtho portrayed? Answer: stereotypical witch Question: From what country did Erichtho come? Answer: Thessaly
Context: The functional interpretation of the term "rule of law", consistent with the traditional English meaning, contrasts the "rule of law" with the "rule of man." According to the functional view, a society in which government officers have a great deal of discretion has a low degree of "rule of law", whereas a society in which government officers have little discretion has a high degree of "rule of law". Upholding the rule of law can sometimes require the punishment of those who commit offenses that are justifiable under natural law but not statutory law. The rule of law is thus somewhat at odds with flexibility, even when flexibility may be preferable. Question: According to the functional interpretation, what principle is opposite of the rule of man? Answer: rule of law Question: What level of discretion do governments with a high degree of the "rule of law" have? Answer: little Question: What level of discretion do governments with a low degree of the "rule of law" have? Answer: a great deal Question: What happens to those that do not follow to the rule of law? Answer: punishment Question: What fights against the rule of law? Answer: flexibility Question: What does a Society have a high degree of if its government officers have a great deal of discretion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a society have a low degree of if its government officials have little disctetion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is necessary for offenses that are justifiable unter statutory law but not natural law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is flexibility compatible with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport, which acts as a hub, providing connecting flights with regional carriers to St. Barthélemy. Several international airlines and domestic Caribbean airlines operate in this sector. Question: What is the name of the airport in St. Barts? Answer: Gustaf III Question: Where is the airport located on the island? Answer: the north coast Question: What is the name of the nearest large commercial airport? Answer: Princess Juliana International Airport Question: What Island is the nearest major airport located on? Answer: Sint Maarten Question: What other than small commercial aircraft can land at the airport on St. Barts? Answer: charters Question: Which side of the island does the Princess Juliana International Airport lie on Saint Maarten? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of planes most commonly land at Princess Juliana International Airport? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which types of airlines are most common landing at Princess Juliana International Airport? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many domestic Caribbean airlines are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many small regional commercial airlines land at Gustaf III Airport? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: AAA battalions were also used to help suppress ground targets. Their larger 90 mm M3 gun would prove, as did the eighty-eight, to make an excellent anti-tank gun as well, and was widely used late in the war in this role. Also available to the Americans at the start of the war was the 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun, which was the most powerful AA gun with an impressive 60,000 ft (18 km) altitude capability. No 120 M1 was ever fired at an enemy aircraft. The 90 mm and 120 mm guns would continue to be used into the 1950s. Question: What was also utilized to control ground targets? Answer: AAA battalions Question: Along with the 88, what other AAA battalion gun made a good anti-tank weapon? Answer: 90 mm M3 gun Question: What did the Americans use at the beginning of the war? Answer: 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun Question: What was the altitude range in feet of the stratosphere gun? Answer: 60,000 ft Question: What decade were the 90 and 120 millimeter guns used until? Answer: 1950s
Context: Scotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976. Question: When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland? Answer: 1976 Question: What constituent countries of the United Kingdom's licensing laws were notably flexible? Answer: Scotland's and Northern Ireland's
Context: The newer micro-USB receptacles are designed for a minimum rated lifetime of 10,000 cycles of insertion and removal between the receptacle and plug, compared to 1,500 for the standard USB and 5,000 for the mini-USB receptacle. Features intended to accomplish include, a locking device was added and the leaf-spring was moved from the jack to the plug, so that the most-stressed part is on the cable side of the connection. This change was made so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear instead of the more expensive micro-USB device. However the idea that these changes did in fact make the connector more durable in real world use has been widely disputed, with many contending that they are in fact, much less durable. Question: What are the newer micro-USB receptacles designed for? Answer: a minimum rated lifetime of 10,000 cycles of insertion Question: What is the minimum rated lifetime for the standard USB receptacle? Answer: 1,500 Question: After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where? Answer: on the cable side of the connection Question: Why was the change made for the USB device? Answer: so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear
Context: Universal owned the rights to the "Oswald the Lucky Rabbit" character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald, and their films had enjoyed a successful theatrical run. After Charles Mintz had unsuccessfully demanded that Disney accept a lower fee for producing the property, Mintz produced the films with his own group of animators. Instead, Disney and Iwerks created Mickey Mouse who in 1928 stared in the first "sync" sound animated short, Steamboat Willie. This moment effectively launched Walt Disney Studios' foothold, while Universal became a minor player in film animation. Universal subsequently severed its link to Mintz and formed its own in-house animation studio to produce Oswald cartoons headed by Walter Lantz. Question: Along with Walt Disney, who created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit? Answer: Ub Iwerks Question: Who owned the rights to Oswald? Answer: Universal Question: Who produced an Oswald the Lucky Rabbit motion picture? Answer: Charles Mintz Question: What character did Walt Disney create in 1928? Answer: Mickey Mouse Question: What was the first animated short with synchronized sound? Answer: Steamboat Willie Question: Who owned the rights to Oswald the Rabbit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created Oswald with Ib Uwerks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was created in 1829 by Disney and Iwerks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first 1982 animated short? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Walt Disney a minor player in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN. In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasaki and Amano were awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in physics for their work. In 1995, Alberto Barbieri at the Cardiff University Laboratory (GB) investigated the efficiency and reliability of high-brightness LEDs and demonstrated a "transparent contact" LED using indium tin oxide (ITO) on (AlGaInP/GaAs). Question: What color LED was demonstrated in 1994? Answer: blue Question: Who demonstrated the first blue LED? Answer: Shuji Nakamura Question: What did Nakamura, Akasaki, and Amano receive for their work? Answer: 2014 Nobel prize in physics Question: Who investigated the efficiency of high-brightness LED at Cardiff University in 1995? Answer: Alberto Barbieri Question: What substance did Barbieri use in his work with high-brightness LED? Answer: indium tin oxide Question: What color non-LED was demonstrated in 1994? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who demonstrated the first red LED? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Nakamura, Akasaki, and Amano receive for their study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who investigated the efficiency of low-brightness LED at Cardiff University in 1995? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What substance did Barbieri use in his work with low-brightness LED? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905. Question: Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister? Answer: parliamentarians and legal scholars Question: Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy? Answer: George II and George III Question: During whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents? Answer: Benjamin Disraeli Question: When was the position of prime minister finally formalized? Answer: 1905 Question: Who tried to prove the exitence of the Prime Minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What monarch gave more power to the prime minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was loyal to the Commons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prime minster was mentally ill? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As in the other Western Romance languages, the main plural expression is the suffix -s, which may create morphological alternations similar to the ones found in gender inflection, albeit more rarely. The most important one is the addition of -o- before certain consonant groups, a phonetic phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: el pols/els polsos ("the pulse"/"the pulses") vs. la pols/les pols ("the dust"/"the dusts"). Question: What is the usual way to make a plural? Answer: suffix -s Question: What can the addition of the suffix -s produce? Answer: morphological alternations Question: To what are these morphological changes similar? Answer: gender inflection Question: What is an important plural alternation? Answer: addition of -o-
Context: Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while President, but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment. On the other hand, both Jefferson and Madison attended religious services at the Capitol. Years before the ratification of the Constitution, Madison contended "Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large, still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body." After retiring from the presidency, Madison wrote of "total separation of the church from the state." " "Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt in the Constitution of the United States," Madison wrote, and he declared, "practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both, and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States." In a letter to Edward Livingston Madison further expanded, "We are teaching the world the great truth that Govts. do better without Kings & Nobles than with them. The merit will be doubled by the other lesson that Religion flourishes in greater purity, without than with the aid of Govt." Madison's original draft of the Bill of Rights had included provisions binding the States, as well as the Federal Government, from an establishment of religion, but the House did not pass them.[citation needed] Question: Whose conceptions of separation have long been argued over? Answer: Jefferson and James Madison's Question: What did Jefferson refuse to issue, when it was sent to him by Congress during his presidency? Answer: Proclamations of Thanksgiving Question: How many religious proclamations did Madison issue while President? Answer: four Question: Where did both Jefferson and Madison attend religious services? Answer: at the Capitol Question: What is essential to the purity of both religion and civil government? Answer: practical distinction Question: Whose conceptions of separation have long been agreed with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Jefferson approve to issue, when it was sent to him by Congress during his presidency? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many non-religious proclamations did Madison issue while President? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With the mixture of radio friendly AC tunes with some rock and pop fare also landing on the pop charts, mainstream songs won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play. Part of the reason why more and more hot AC stations are forced to change is that less and less new music fits their bill; most new rock is too alternative for mainstream radio and most new pop is now influenced heavily by dance-pop and electronic dance music. Question: Who have hot AC format radio stations had to change the music they play? Answer: less and less new music fits their bill Question: By what two genres are modern pop songs heavily influenced? Answer: dance-pop and electronic dance music Question: Why is new rock not suitable for mainstream radio? Answer: too alternative
Context: By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the Treaty of Payne's Landing promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time. Question: What was an issue in the early 1800's Answer: Indian removal was a significant issue Question: What did congress pass in 1830 Answer: In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act Question: Who did Seminoles harbor Answer: runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles Question: What was the name of the treaty of 1832 Answer: Treaty of Payne's Landing Question: What did Paynes Landing promiss Answer: the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time. Question: What people weren't an issue in 1800s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region of the US were Indians welcomed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was passed in 1840? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were known as the White Seminoles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the Treaty of Payne's landing removed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Odrysian Kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes under the kings of the powerful Odrysian tribe centered around the region of Thrace. Various parts of Thrace were under Macedonian rule under Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, Lysimachus, Ptolemy II, and Philip V but were also often ruled by their own kings. The Thracians and Agrianes were widely used by Alexander as peltasts and light cavalry, forming about one fifth of his army. The Diadochi also used Thracian mercenaries in their armies and they were also used as colonists. The Odrysians used Greek as the language of administration and of the nobility. The nobility also adopted Greek fashions in dress, ornament and military equipment, spreading it to the other tribes. Thracian kings were among the first to be Hellenized. Question: What region was the center of the Odrysian Kingdom? Answer: Thrace Question: Who used Thracians and Agrianes as light cavalry? Answer: Alexander Question: What fraction of Alexander's army was made up of Thracians and Agrianes? Answer: one fifth Question: What language was spoken by the Odrysians? Answer: Greek Question: Which kings wre among the first to be Hellenized? Answer: Thracian
Context: On 12 January 1953, he was appointed Patriarch of Venice and, accordingly, raised to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca by Pope Pius XII. Roncalli left France for Venice on 23 February 1953 stopping briefly in Milan and then to Rome. On 15 March 1953, he took possession of his new diocese in Venice. As a sign of his esteem, the President of France, Vincent Auriol, claimed the ancient privilege possessed by French monarchs and bestowed the red biretta on Roncalli at a ceremony in the Élysée Palace. It was around this time that he, with the aid of Monsignor Bruno Heim, formed his coat of arms with a lion of Saint Mark on a white ground. Auriol also awarded Roncalli three months later with the award of Commander of the Legion of Honour. Question: When was he appointed Patriarch of Venice? Answer: 12 January 1953 Question: Pope Pius XII raised him to what rank? Answer: Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca Question: When did he leave France for Venice? Answer: 23 February 1953 Question: When did he take up his new diocese in Venice? Answer: 15 March 1953 Question: Who was the President of France in 1953? Answer: Vincent Auriol Question: When was Pope Pius XII appointed Patriarch of Venice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rank was Pope Pius XII raised to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did Pope Pius XII leave France to go to Venice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Pope Pius XII take possession of the diocese in Venice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the President of France give to Pope Piux XII as a sign of esteem? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata). Question: What are some other names the Dutch Republic is known by? Answer: the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata) Question: The Dutch Republic was a republic of Europe during what time? Answer: from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795 Question: What republics did the Dutch Republic come before? Answer: Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands Question: What is also known as the Republic of the seventeen United Netherlands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did part of Spain separate from the Netherlands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Batavian Repulic preceded what other Republic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Kingdom of the Netherlands later known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year marked the beginning of the existence of the Spanish Republic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What republics did the Spanish kingdom come before? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some other names the Batvian Republic is known by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what period was the Kingdom of Holland a republic of Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Name one name the Batvian Republic is also known as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death." Question: Who cautioned "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death"? Answer: Gregory of Tours Question: Literate men acknowledged Virgil as a master poet despite what empire collapsing? Answer: Western Roman Question: Did literate men acknowledge Virgil as a master or novice poet? Answer: master Question: What was Gregory of Tours profession? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Gregory of Tours live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who related to the fables in Virgil's work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did Gregory of Tours write in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees. Question: Where are the origins of Freemasonry? Answer: local fraternities of stonemasons Question: What were the fraternaties of stonemasons origionally responsible for? Answer: regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients Question: Where did the degrees of Freemasonry derived from? Answer: the three grades of medieval craft guilds Question: What are the degrees of Freemasonry? Answer: Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason Question: Freemasons trace their origins to what? Answer: the local fraternities of stonemasons Question: How many grades are there in medieval craft guilds? Answer: three grades Question: Craft Freemasonry is also known as what? Answer: Blue Lodge Question: Members of Craft Masonry are called what? Answer: Freemasons or Masons Question: Where did Freemasonry end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the fraternities of stonemasons avoiding responsibility for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are no longer the degrees of Freemasonry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many kings are there in medieval craft guilds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Craft Freemasonry forbidden as being known as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations. Question: What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP? Answer: $500 billion Question: What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity? Answer: $1 trillion Question: When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's? Answer: 2014 Question: What is the largest economy in Africa? Answer: Nigeria Question: What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio? Answer: 11 percent
Context: The Times features news for the first half of the paper, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section with world news normally following this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register, containing obituaries, Court & Social section, and related material. The sport section is at the end of the main paper. The Times current prices are £1.20 for the daily edition and £1.50 for the Saturday edition. Question: The Times features what in the first half of its newspaper? Answer: news Question: What section begins after the first half of The Times newspaper? Answer: Opinion/Comment section Question: What is The Times current price for the daily edition? Answer: £1.20 Question: What feature begins on the centre spread of The Times? Answer: business pages Question: What section is featured at the end of the main paper of The Times? Answer: sport section
Context: Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutations). Other mutations can be neutral if they lead to amino acid sequence changes, but the protein still functions similarly with the new amino acid (e.g. conservative mutations). Many mutations, however, are deleterious or even lethal, and are removed from populations by natural selection. Genetic disorders are the result of deleterious mutations and can be due to spontaneous mutation in the affected individual, or can be inherited. Finally, a small fraction of mutations are beneficial, improving the organism's fitness and are extremely important for evolution, since their directional selection leads to adaptive evolution.:7.6 Question: What are mutations that have no effect on an organism's phenotype called? Answer: silent mutations Question: What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called? Answer: synonymous mutations Question: What are mutations that lead to amino acid sequence changes but leave the protein functioning similarly called? Answer: conservative mutations Question: What is a result of deleterious mutations? Answer: Genetic disorders Question: What does the directional selection of beneficial mutations lead to? Answer: adaptive evolution
Context: By the definition most commonly used by linguists, any linguistic variety can be considered a "dialect" of some language—"everybody speaks a dialect". According to that interpretation, the criteria above merely serve to distinguish whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or dialects of different languages. Question: According to most linguistics, who speaks a dialect? Answer: everybody Question: What do only a few linguists believe people speak? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to the least used definition, what does everyone speak? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are used to distinguish between two varieties of different languages only? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the criteria believe everybody speaks? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. Question: What are natural and social sciences a subcategory of? Answer: The history of science Question: What is the history of arts and humanities called? Answer: the history of scholarship Question: What kind of phenomena does science study? Answer: real world Question: Intellectual history and social history are used in what? Answer: Historiography of science
Context: St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated by Samskrita Bharati. In Australia, the Sydney private boys' high school Sydney Grammar School offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the Higher School Certificate. Question: What English school offers Sanskrit as a language study? Answer: St James Junior School Question: Since what date has Sanskrit been offered as a language option in the U.S.? Answer: September 2009 Question: What is the credit towards in study in the U.S.? Answer: Foreign Language Question: Who coordinates the study program of Samskritam as a Foreign Language? Answer: Samskrita Bharati. Question: What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study? Answer: Sydney Grammar School Question: What does St. Johns Junior School in London offer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where have high school students been allowed to receive credits toward a Foreign Language since 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What school years in Australia are students required to study Sanskrit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who coordinated Sanskrit as a foreign language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a student get at the Sydney private middle school for studying Sanskrit? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor. Various other components of armor protected the samurai's body. The helmet kabuto was an important part of the samurai's armor. Samurai armor changed and developed as the methods of samurai warfare changed over the centuries. The known last use of samurai armor occurring in 1877 during the satsuma rebellion. As the last samurai rebellion was crushed, Japan modernized its defenses and turned to a national conscription army that used uniforms. Question: Why were there armor changes in the 1500s? Answer: the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection Question: What type of armor was replaced? Answer: kozane dou Question: What new type of armor replaced the old? Answer: plate armor Question: What was the new armor called? Answer: Tosei-gusoku Question: When was samurai armor last used? Answer: 1877
Context: Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra. Question: Which continent is the highest in elevation? Answer: Antarctica Question: What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica? Answer: 200 mm Question: What is the average coldest temperature? Answer: −63 °C Question: What is the coldest recorded temperature? Answer: −89.2 °C Question: Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica? Answer: tundra Question: What is on average is the coldest, wetest, and windiest continent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What coninent has lowest average elevation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where has the temperature reached 89.2 degress Celsius Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many humans live in Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of organism can not be found in Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continent has only 200 in of annual precipitation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where has the temperature reached -89.2°F? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many permanent residents are living in research stations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the yearly average temperature in Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The securitization markets supported by the shadow banking system started to close down in the spring of 2007 and nearly shut-down in the fall of 2008. More than a third of the private credit markets thus became unavailable as a source of funds. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume." The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions." Question: When did the securitization markets supported by the shadow banking systems start to close down? Answer: spring of 2007 Question: When did the securitization markets supported by the shadow banking system nearly shut-down completely? Answer: fall of 2008 Question: How much of the private credit markets become unavailable as a source of funds? Answer: More than a third Question: What is the firm who reported that the traditional banking system does not have capital to close the gap as of June 2009? Answer: Brookings Institution Question: How many years would of strong profit would it take to generate enough capital to support additional lending? Answer: a number of years
Context: Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved. In many cases, these early pavings were made from naturally occurring "bituminous rock", such as at Ritchie Mines in Macfarlan in Ritchie County, West Virginia from 1852 to 1873. In 1876, asphalt-based paving was used to pave Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, in time for the celebration of the national centennial. Asphalt/bitumen was also used for flooring, paving and waterproofing of baths and swimming pools during the early 20th century, following similar trends in Europe. Question: Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US? Answer: 1870 Question: In front of what NJ building was the street paved with asphalt in 1870? Answer: City Hall Question: What natural substance was used in early road pavings? Answer: bituminous rock Question: From what Virginia mines was asphalt obtained for early street pavings? Answer: Ritchie Mines Question: For what purpose was asphalt used in swimming pools and baths? Answer: waterproofing Question: Ever since 1773, roads in the United States have been paved with what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have been paved with asphalt since at least 1920? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Ritchie Mines used to waterproof during the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was New York's, Pennsylvania Avenue paved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was NJ City Hall used for during the early 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The strictest definition of "plant" includes only the "land plants" or embryophytes, which include seed plants (gymnosperms, including the pines, and flowering plants) and the free-sporing cryptogams including ferns, clubmosses, liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Embryophytes are multicellular eukaryotes descended from an ancestor that obtained its energy from sunlight by photosynthesis. They have life cycles with alternating haploid and diploid phases. The sexual haploid phase of embryophytes, known as the gametophyte, nurtures the developing diploid embryo sporophyte within its tissues for at least part of its life, even in the seed plants, where the gametophyte itself is nurtured by its parent sporophyte. Other groups of organisms that were previously studied by botanists include bacteria (now studied in bacteriology), fungi (mycology) – including lichen-forming fungi (lichenology), non-chlorophyte algae (phycology), and viruses (virology). However, attention is still given to these groups by botanists, and fungi (including lichens) and photosynthetic protists are usually covered in introductory botany courses. Question: What is the scientific name for seed plants? Answer: gymnosperms Question: What is the study of algae called? Answer: phycology Question: What two phases are included in the life cycles of embryophytes? Answer: haploid and diploid
Context: Prior Zelda games have employed a theme of two separate, yet connected, worlds. In A Link to the Past, Link travels between a "Light World" and a "Dark World"; in Ocarina of Time, as well as in Oracle of Ages, Link travels between two different time periods. The Zelda team sought to reuse this motif in the series' latest installment. It was suggested that Link transform into a wolf, much like he metamorphoses into a rabbit in the Dark World of A Link to the Past.[m] The story of the game was created by Aonuma, and later underwent several changes by scenario writers Mitsuhiro Takano and Aya Kyogoku. Takano created the script for the story scenes, while Kyogoku and Takayuki Ikkaku handled the actual in-game script. Aonuma left his team working on the new idea while he directed The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance. When he returned, he found the Twilight Princess team struggling. Emphasis on the parallel worlds and the wolf transformation had made Link's character unbelievable. Aonuma also felt the gameplay lacked the caliber of innovation found in Phantom Hourglass, which was being developed with touch controls for the Nintendo DS. At the same time, the Wii was under development with the code name "Revolution". Miyamoto thought that the Revolution's pointing device, the Wii Remote, was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda, and suggested that Aonuma consider using it.[n] Question: What does Link morph into in A Link to the Past? Answer: rabbit Question: Aonuma left the Twilight Princess development team to work on which other game? Answer: The Minish Cap Question: What was the working name for the Wii prior to release? Answer: Revolution Question: Who proposed that the Wii Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess? Answer: Miyamoto Question: Who created the script for the story scenes? Answer: Mitsuhiro Takano Question: What device seemed well-suited for Link's arrow shooting ability? Answer: Wii Remote Question: What does Zelda morph into in A Link to the Past? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aonuma left the A Link to the Past development team to work on which other game? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the working name for A Link to the Past prior to release? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who proposed that the Game Boy Advance Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created the scripts for the Game Boy Advance? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt and east of Greece. Question: What is the official name of Cypus? Answer: Republic of Cyprus Question: Where is Cyprus located? Answer: Eastern Mediterranean Sea Question: What countries are nearby Cyprus? Answer: Syria and Turkey Question: What is Cyprus' affiliation with the European Union? Answer: member state Question: Is Cyprus an island country or land-locked country? Answer: island country Question: What does Cyprus rank in terms of size in the Mediterranean? Answer: third largest Question: Which country is north of Cyprus? Answer: Turkey
Context: The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval guns, making them highly effective. The versatility of the carrier was demonstrated in November 1940 when HMS Illustrious launched a long-range strike on the Italian fleet at their base in Taranto, signalling the beginning of the effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes. This operation incapacitated three of the six battleships at a cost of two torpedo bombers. World War II in the Pacific Ocean involved clashes between aircraft carrier fleets. The 1941 Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was a clear illustration of the power projection capability afforded by a large force of modern carriers. Concentrating six carriers in a single unit turned naval history about, as no other nation had fielded anything comparable. However, the vulnerability of carriers compared to traditional battleships when forced into a gun-range encounter was quickly illustrated by the sinking of HMS Glorious by German battleships during the Norwegian campaign in 1940. Question: What dramatically changed naval combat in World War II? Answer: The aircraft carrier Question: What drove the advent of carrier-launched aircraft as focal weapons? Answer: the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness Question: Why were carrier-launched aircraft more effective than naval guns? Answer: They had higher range and precision Question: What was signalled in 1940 when HMS Illustrious launched an strike on an Italian fleet? Answer: the beginning of the effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes Question: What event showed the vulnerability of carriers when forced into gun-range enounters? Answer: the sinking of HMS Glorious by German battleships Question: What dramatically changed naval combat in World War I? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What drove the advent of carrier-launched aircraft as secondary weapons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were carrier-launched aircraft less effective than naval guns? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was signalled in 1904 when HMS Illustrious launched an strike on an Italian fleet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event didn't show the vulnerability of carriers when forced into gun-range enounters? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: World literature was enriched by the works of Edmund Spenser, John Milton, John Bunyan, John Donne, John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, William Wordsworth, Jonathan Swift, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edgar Allan Poe, Matthew Arnold, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Theodor Fontane, Washington Irving, Robert Browning, Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë, Charles Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thomas Stearns Eliot, John Galsworthy, Thomas Mann, William Faulkner, John Updike, and many others. Question: What did John Milton do for world literature? Answer: enrich Question: Samuel Taylor is listed as enriching what? Answer: World literature Question: What women writers were listed as contributors to world literature? Answer: Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë Question: Edgar Allen Poe added value to literature in what area? Answer: World
Context: Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white LEDs since the emission spectrum is much narrower, characteristic of quantum confined states. There are two types of schemes for QD excitation. One uses photo excitation with a primary light source LED (typically blue or UV LEDs are used). The other is direct electrical excitation first demonstrated by Alivisatos et al. Question: What nanocrystals possess unique optical properties? Answer: Quantum dots Question: Quantum Dot LEDs can do what special skill? Answer: create almost any color on the CIE diagram Question: The narrowing of the emission spectrum in Quantum Dot LEDs allows them to do what? Answer: better color rendering Question: How many types of schemes are there in Quantum Dot LED excitation? Answer: two Question: What non-nanocrystals possess unique optical properties? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Quantum Dot LEDs don't do what special skill? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The narrowing of the emission spectrum in Quantum Dot LEDs disallows them to do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many types of schemes are there in non-Quantum Dot LED excitation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still vital in marginal climates, especially those unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture.[citation needed] For example, Inuit people in the Arctic trap and hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear. Question: What was a significant contributor to the human food supply? Answer: hunting Question: What did the supplementary meat from hunting include? Answer: protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather Question: What was the leather from hunting used for? Answer: clothing Question: Rocks and spears are examples of some of man's earliest what? Answer: hunting weapons Question: Where is hunting still vital? Answer: marginal climates Question: Hunt was a significant contributor to what? Answer: human food supply Question: Where is hunting still vital? Answer: marginal climates Question: Why is hunting still vital in marginal climates? Answer: unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture Question: How are the skins of sea mammals useful for people in the Arctic trap? Answer: make kayaks, clothing, and footwear Question: What did development of agriculture significantly contribute to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Inuit people first develop in the Arctic when meat was scarce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would the Inuit people use to decorate their clothing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would the Inuit women sometimes use to make jewelry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the preferred weapon of the Inuit people for hunting? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Masonic lodges existed in Iraq as early as 1917, when the first lodge under the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) was opened. Nine lodges under UGLE existed by the 1950s, and a Scottish lodge was formed in 1923. However, the position changed following the revolution, and all lodges were forced to close in 1965. This position was later reinforced under Saddam Hussein; the death penalty was "prescribed" for those who "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations." Question: How long have Masonic Lodges been in Iraq? Answer: as early as 1917 Question: How many lodges existed in Iraq in the 1950s? Answer: Nine Question: What is the greatest penalty that a Freemason in Iraq could face now? Answer: the death penalty Question: When were all the lodges in Iraq forced to close? Answer: 1965 Question: When was a Scottish Lodge formed in Iraq? Answer: 1923 Question: When did Masonic lodges start in Iraq? Answer: 1917 Question: Who opened the first Lodge in Iraq? Answer: the United Grand Lodge of England Question: When was the first Scottish Masonic lodge opened in Iraq? Answer: 1923 Question: All Masonic lodges were forced to close in Iraq in what year? Answer: 1965 Question: Who introduced the death penalty to Freemasons living in Iraq? Answer: Saddam Hussein Question: How long have Masonic Lodges been banned in Iraq? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many lodges existed in Iraq in the 1350s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the greatest reward that a Freemason in Iraq could face now? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was a Russian Lodge formed in Iraq? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who opened the only Lodge in Iraq? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Beijing accepted the aid of the Tzu Chi Foundation from Taiwan late on May 13. Tzu Chi was the first force from outside the People's Republic of China to join the rescue effort. China stated it would gratefully accept international help to cope with the quake. Question: What Foundation wanted to aid Beijing? Answer: the Tzu Chi Foundation Question: Where was the foundation based? Answer: Taiwan Question: When did Beijing agree to aid from Taiwan? Answer: late on May 13 Question: What was the first group from outside China to join in the relief operation? Answer: Tzu Chi Foundation Question: What did China say they would accept? Answer: international help Question: What did China need help for? Answer: cope with the quake
Context: The permanent snow cover necessary for glacier formation is affected by factors such as the degree of slope on the land, amount of snowfall and the winds. Glaciers can be found in all latitudes except from 20° to 27° north and south of the equator where the presence of the descending limb of the Hadley circulation lowers precipitation so much that with high insolation snow lines reach above 6,500 m (21,330 ft). Between 19˚N and 19˚S, however, precipitation is higher and the mountains above 5,000 m (16,400 ft) usually have permanent snow. Question: Do glaciers require permanent snow or only temporary coverage? Answer: permanent snow cover Question: Between which north latitudes are glaciers not found? Answer: 20° to 27° north Question: Between which latitudes to mountains tend to have permanent snow? Answer: 19˚N and 19˚S Question: Why do mountains between 19N and 19S tend to have snow? Answer: precipitation is higher Question: What affects the perminant ice layer needed for glaciers to form? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be found in every country from 20 degrees to 27 degess north and south of the equator? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what lattitudes does the Hadley circulation rais percipitation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what latitudes does low percipitation lead to permanent snow? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights. Although both acts were much weaker than subsequent civil rights legislation, they constituted the first significant civil rights acts since 1875. Question: Who did Eisenhower tell DC officials to integrate? Answer: school children Question: What was the first civil rights act proposed to Congress by Eisenhower? Answer: Civil Rights Act of 1957 Question: In what year did Eisenhower propose his second civil rights act? Answer: 1960 Question: What sort of commission did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 establish? Answer: Civil Rights Commission Question: Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office? Answer: Justice
Context: The driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU are the liberalized electricity markets and the RES Directive. According to the directive the EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed and therefore a "guarantee of origin" must be issued (article 15). Environmental organisations are using the voluntary market to create new renewables and improving sustainability of the existing power production. In the US the main tool to track and stimulate voluntary actions is Green-e program managed by Center for Resource Solutions. In Europe the main voluntary tool used by the NGOs to promote sustainable electricity production is EKOenergy label. Question: What is the driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU? Answer: liberalized electricity markets Question: What states that EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed? Answer: RES Directive Question: In the US, what is the main tool to track and stimulate voluntary actions? Answer: Green-e program Question: What is the driving force behind voluntary green electricity outside of the EU? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What states that EU Member States must not ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: n the US, what is not the main tool to track and stimulate voluntary actions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against France, but against the revolutionaries governing her. Burke said: "It is not France extending a foreign empire over other nations: it is a sect aiming at universal empire, and beginning with the conquest of France". Question: What did Burke think the war with France was against? Answer: an "armed doctrine" Question: Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned? Answer: France Question: What kind of empire did Burke think the French revolutionaries wanted? Answer: universal Question: Who did Burke think the war was against, rather than France as a whole? Answer: the revolutionaries governing her Question: What type of doctrine did Burke propose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country did Burke want partitioned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of empire did Burke think Europe would become? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Burke say France was trying to extend? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. Chengdu and Mianyang are the production centers for textiles and electronics products. Deyang, Panzhihua, and Yibin are the production centers for machinery, metallurgical industries, and wine, respectively. Sichuan's wine production accounted for 21.9% of the country’s total production in 2000. Question: What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan? Answer: coal, energy, iron and steel Question: What areas are major areas of production for textiles and electronics? Answer: Chengdu and Mianyang Question: How much of China's wine did Sichuan produce in 2000? Answer: 21.9% Question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its machinery production? Answer: Deyang Question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its metallurgical industries? Answer: Panzhihua Question: What is a major industrial center of Asia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of Asia's wine did Sichuan produce in 2000? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is produced in Chengdu besides machinery? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is produced in Yibin besides textiles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some major industrial outputs of food? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What areas are major building materials for textiles and electronics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of Chinas wine did light industrial sectors produce in 2000? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which city in Sichuan is known for its building materials? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which city in Yibin is known for its metallurgical industries? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membranes, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA). Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division). Question: What is able to prevent AA from being released from membranes? Answer: Omega-3 EPA Question: The conversion of omega-6 DGLA to AA is able to help regulate which process? Answer: the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2 Question: What kind of process is the conversion of DGLA to AA? Answer: desaturation Question: What is an example of a hormone other than insulin that is able to control the enzyme delta-5-desaturase? Answer: glucagon Question: What is the scientific name for cell division? Answer: mitosis
Context: The Directorate of Analysis produces all-source intelligence investigation on key foreign and intercontinental issues relating to powerful and sometimes anti-government sensitive topics. It has four regional analytic groups, six groups for transnational issues, and three focus on policy, collection, and staff support. There is an office dedicated to Iraq, and regional analytical Offices covering the Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis, the Office of Russian and European Analysis, and the Office of Asian Pacific, Asian Pacific, Latin American, and African Analysis and African Analysis. Question: Who produces all source intelligence investigations? Answer: The Directorate of Analysis Question: How many regional analytic groups does the Directorate of Analysis have? Answer: four Question: How many groups does the Directorate of Analysis have for transnational issues? Answer: six Question: The Directorate of Analysis has an office dedicated to what country? Answer: Iraq Question: How many groups of the Directorate of Analysis focus on policy, collection and staff support? Answer: three
Context: Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality. Question: What is always used the same way across fields? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is poorly defined besides matter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does matter do in chemistry that it does not do in physics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the combination of mass and matter called in chemistry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What speed does matter travel at in physics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, who supported the Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, which, however, most probably did not outlive its founder and ruler. This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former territory of this realm with Carantania being the oldest of them. Very old also are the Principality of Nitra and the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia). In this period, there existed central Slavic groups and states such as the Balaton Principality, but the subsequent expansion of the Magyars, as well as the Germanisation of Austria, separated the northern and southern Slavs. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681, the Slavic language Old Bulgarian became the main and official of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world. Question: When did Samo become the ruler of the first known Slav state? Answer: the 7th century Question: What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe? Answer: Samo Question: What is the oldest Slav state in Central Europe? Answer: Carantania Question: When was the first Bulgarian Empire founded? Answer: 681 Question: Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world? Answer: Slavic literacy and Christianity Question: Who supported the Avar rulers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What outlived the first Slav ruler? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the first known Avar state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became the official language of an empire in 681? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Carantania founded? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats. Question: Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA? Answer: Tandem repeats Question: What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA? Answer: satellite DNA and microsatellites Question: What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals? Answer: interspersed repeats. Question: In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes interspersed repeats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two examples of interspersed repeats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much satellite DNA is found in the genome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is gene conversion caused by? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1948, Eisenhower became President of Columbia University, an Ivy League university in New York City. The assignment was described as not being a good fit in either direction. During that year Eisenhower's memoir, Crusade in Europe, was published. Critics regarded it as one of the finest U.S. military memoirs, and it was a major financial success as well. Eisenhower's profit on the book was substantially aided by an unprecedented ruling by the U.S. Department of the Treasury that Eisenhower was not a professional writer, but rather, marketing the lifetime asset of his experiences, and thus he only had to pay capital gains tax on his $635,000 advance instead of the much higher personal tax rate. This ruling saved Eisenhower about $400,000. Question: What position did Eisenhower occupy in 1948? Answer: President of Columbia University Question: Where is Columbia University located? Answer: New York City Question: What was the title of Eisenhower's memoir? Answer: Crusade in Europe Question: What group of schools did Columbia University belong to? Answer: Ivy League Question: What body ruled the Eisenhower was not a professional writer? Answer: Department of the Treasury
Context: As the Industrial Revolution spread across Europe, chemists and manufacturers sought new red dyes that could be used for large-scale manufacture of textiles. One popular color imported into Europe from Turkey and India in the 18th and early 19th century was Turkey red, known in France as rouge d'Adrinople. Beginning in the 1740s, this bright red color was used to dye or print cotton textiles in England, the Netherlands and France. Turkey red used madder as the colorant, but the process was longer and more complicated, involving multiple soaking of the fabrics in lye, olive oil, sheep's dung, and other ingredients. The fabric was more expensive but resulted in a fine bright and lasting red, similar to carmine, perfectly suited to cotton. The fabric was widely exported from Europe to Africa, the Middle East and America. In 19th century America, it was widely used in making the traditional patchwork quilt. Question: What was Turkey red called in France? Answer: rouge d'Adrinople Question: In what years did Turkey red begin to be used to dye cotton in England? Answer: the 1740s Question: What did turkey red get its color from? Answer: madder Question: What other pigment was Turkey red compared to? Answer: carmine Question: In what century did quilts in America commonly use Turkey red? Answer: 19th Question: What was red known as in Turkey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What popular color was imported from France in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What began in 1740? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was cotton widely used for in 19th century Europe? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior to a full withdrawal once France agreed to pay a five billion franc war indemnity. At the same time, Prussian forces were concentrated in the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. An exodus occurred from Paris as some 200,000 people, predominantly middle-class, went to the countryside. Question: What did the Prussian Army hold in Paris on 17 February? Answer: a brief victory parade Question: Under what provision was the Prussian Army permitted to have a victory parade? Answer: the terms of the armistice Question: To hounour the armistice, Bismarck allowed train loads of what into Paris? Answer: food Question: France had to consent to pay how much in war indemnity? Answer: five billion franc Question: An ensuing mass exodus from Paris saw how many people head for the countryside? Answer: 200,000
Context: In the final days of World War II in Yugoslavia, units of the Partisans were responsible for atrocities after the repatriations of Bleiburg, and accusations of culpability were later raised at the Yugoslav leadership under Tito. At the time, Josip Broz Tito repeatedly issued calls for surrender to the retreating column, offering amnesty and attempting to avoid a disorderly surrender. On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting "in the sternest language" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court. Question: Who offered amnesty to the retreatig column? Answer: Tito Question: Who dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters prohibiting the execution of prisoners of war? Answer: Tito Question: In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities? Answer: Partisans Question: What did Tito offer to the retreating column? Answer: amnesty Question: Where were possible suspects transferred to? Answer: military court.
Context: The Allied army relocated without problems to the south and the heavy artillery was brought ashore with batteries and connecting trenches built so that by 10 October some batteries were ready and by 17 October—when the bombardment commenced—126 guns were firing, 53 of them French.:430 The fleet at the same time engaged the shore batteries. The British bombardment worked better than the French, who had smaller caliber guns. The fleet suffered high casualties during the day. The British wanted to attack that afternoon, but the French wanted to defer the attack. A postponement was agreed, but on the next day the French were still not ready. By 19 October the Russians had transferred some heavy guns to the southern defenses and outgunned the allies.:431 Question: When did the continuous attack start? Answer: 17 October Question: When the continuous attack started, how many guns were firing? Answer: 126 guns Question: Who was not ready to start the attack? Answer: the French Question: Who was outgunned due to heavy guns at a southern defense? Answer: the allies Question: Who wanted to commence with the attack during the afternoon? Answer: The British
Context: Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants. Others argue that the ESA may encourage preemptive habitat destruction by landowners who fear losing the use of their land because of the presence of an endangered species; known colloquially as "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up." One example of such perverse incentives is the case of a forest owner who, in response to ESA listing of the red-cockaded woodpecker, increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat. While no studies have shown that the Act's negative effects, in total, exceed the positive effects, many economists believe that finding a way to reduce such perverse incentives would lead to more effective protection of endangered species. Question: How many species are currently listed? Answer: over 2,000 Question: What is the success rate of the list and the Endangered Species Act initiatives? Answer: 1% Question: What is the name given to the act of pre-emptive habitat destruction by landowners fearing a protected species? Answer: "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up." Question: How did a land owner impact the protected red-cockaded woodpecker species? Answer: increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat Question: Less than how many species are still listed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long has the ESA been using the "Shoot, Shovel, and Shut-up" method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have studies shown the negative effects outweigh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for the ESA's practices? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the success rate of Shoot, Shovel, and Shut-Up? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data). To achieve this a backup operation is done occasionally or continuously, where each desired database state (i.e., the values of its data and their embedding in database's data structures) is kept within dedicated backup files (many techniques exist to do this effectively). When this state is needed, i.e., when it is decided by a database administrator to bring the database back to this state (e.g., by specifying this state by a desired point in time when the database was in this state), these files are utilized to restore that state. Question: Name a reason to take a database backward in time? Answer: database is found corrupted Question: Is each database backup kept in the same file? Answer: dedicated backup files Question: Who can restore a database that has been corrupted? Answer: database administrator Question: What parameter is requiret to restore a database? Answer: desired point in time Question: What is not a reason to take a database backward in time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of file has no dedicated ones involved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can restore a database that has been deleted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can't be restored to a previous date? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What operation can be done only once per year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya. Question: Iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor? Answer: Proto-Iranian Question: From what languages does the word Aryao come? Answer: Persian and Sanskrit Question: What is any language that descends from ancestral Persian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word is derived from Sanskrit and Arya? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Arya is derived from what ancestral language? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades with many fields contributing including psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history, sociology, and even computer science. The numerous theories that attempt to explain the origin, neurobiology, experience, and function of emotions have only fostered more intense research on this topic. Current areas of research in the concept of emotion include the development of materials that stimulate and elicit emotion. In addition PET scans and fMRI scans help study the affective processes in the brain. It also is influenced by hormones and neurotransmitters such as dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, oxytocin, cortisol and GABA. Question: Along with psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history and sociology, what field has engaged in research on emotion? Answer: computer science Question: Along with dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, cortisol and oxytocin, what neurotransmitter or hormone influences emotion? Answer: GABA Question: Along with the experience, function and origin of emotion, what aspect of emotion does current research attempt to explain? Answer: neurobiology Question: Along with psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, medicine, history and sociology, what field has disengaged in research on emotion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, cortisol and oxytocin, what neurotransmitter or hormone do not influence emotion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with the experience, function and origin of emotion, what aspect of emotion does current research not attempt to explain? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year. Question: Where are the Everglades in relation to Miami? Answer: east Question: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move? Answer: west Question: What is the northern terminus of Biscayne Bay? Answer: Lake Okeechobee Question: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Stream from Miami's coast? Answer: 24 Question: In meters, what is the average height above sea level of the Miami area? Answer: 1.8 Question: Where aren't the Everglades in relation to Miami? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction wouldn't one move? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the southern terminus of Biscayne Bay? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Mountain from Miami's coast? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In meters, what is the average weight above sea level of the Miami area? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In addition to the sports he played at Yale, Kerry is described by Sports Illustrated, among others, as an "avid cyclist", primarily riding on a road bike. Prior to his presidential bid, Kerry was known to have participated in several long-distance rides (centuries). Even during his many campaigns, he was reported to have visited bicycle stores in both his home state and elsewhere. His staff requested recumbent stationary bikes for his hotel rooms. He has also been a snowboarder, windsurfer, and sailor. Question: Who said Kerry is an 'avid cyclist'? Answer: Sports Illustrated Question: What type of bicycle does Kerry prefer? Answer: a road bike Question: What are 'centuries' in bicycling? Answer: long-distance rides Question: What bicycles did Kerry use while campaigning? Answer: recumbent stationary bikes for his hotel rooms Question: What other sports does Kerry participate in? Answer: snowboarder, windsurfer, and sailor
Context: Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award." Question: Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role? Answer: Academics Question: In which video was it the most obvious? Answer: "Like a Prayer Question: Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever? Answer: MTV Question: When was Madonna awarded the accolade? Answer: 2003
Context: In November 2013 MGM and the McClory estate formally settled the issue with Danjaq, LLC—sister company of Eon Productions—with MGM acquiring the full copyright film rights to the concept of Spectre and all of the characters associated with it. With the acquisition of the film rights and the organisation's re-introduction to the series' continuity, the SPECTRE acronym was discarded and the organisation reimagined as "Spectre". Question: Who ended up with ownership of Spectre? Answer: MGM Question: What was Spectre's original name? Answer: SPECTRE Question: Which company is Danjaq, LLC associated with? Answer: Eon Productions Question: In what year were rights to Spectre worked out? Answer: 2013 Question: Which film studio won the full copyright film rights to Spectre? Answer: MGM Question: How was the Spectre acronym originally written? Answer: Spectre Question: What is the name of the LLC sister company of Eon Productions? Answer: Danjaq Question: Which two parties settled the issue in November 2003? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who got partial film rights to Spectre? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The McClintock estate settled the issue with whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is a brother company to Eon Productions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the "Big Three". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a "trusteeship of the powerful" and were recognized as the Allied "Big Four" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the "Four Policemen" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council. Question: When did World War II start? Answer: 1939 Question: How many groups were involved in conflict of World War II? Answer: two alliances Question: Who made up the Axis powers? Answer: Germany, Italy and Japan Question: Who were the winners of World War II? Answer: Allies Question: The winners of World War II along with France were allotted permanent seats for what organization? Answer: United Nations Security Council Question: What trusteeship of the powerful started in 1939? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who made up the permanent seats alliances since 1937? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Germany, Italy and Japan and France recognized as by the UN in 1942? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were four alliances in WWII referred to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was part of the inclusion powers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display. Question: What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes? Answer: UTC Question: By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor? Answer: time zone differences Question: In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC? Answer: operating systems Question: Where do computers usually use UTC? Answer: internally Question: What time would a computer probably use for the clock display? Answer: local time
Context: Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelligence agencies. In the U.S., a controversial National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Modern ISPs integrate a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment into their networks, which then feeds the data to law-enforcement/intelligence networks (such as DCSNet in the United States, or SORM in Russia) allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time. Question: What are ISPs subject to monitoring by in some countries? Answer: intelligence agencies Question: What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.? Answer: PRISM Question: What does PRISM do? Answer: provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic Question: What do ISPs integrate into their network to provide information to intelligence agencies? Answer: a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment Question: What do DCSnet in the US and SORM in Russia do? Answer: allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time Question: What are ISPs not legally required to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What this PRISM stopped the national security agency for doing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who objects to PRISM Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do ISPs remove from their networks to discourage intelligence agencies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do many people say violates the First Amendment? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1913 the Zliten mosaic, a Roman mosaic famous for its many scenes from gladiatorial contests, hunting and everyday life, was discovered in the Libyan town of Zliten. In 2000 archaeologists working in Leptis Magna, Libya, uncovered a 30 ft length of five colorful mosaics created during the 1st or 2nd century AD. The mosaics show a warrior in combat with a deer, four young men wrestling a wild bull to the ground, and a gladiator resting in a state of fatigue, staring at his slain opponent. The mosaics decorated the walls of a cold plunge pool in a bath house within a Roman villa. The gladiator mosaic is noted by scholars as one of the finest examples of mosaic art ever seen — a "masterpiece comparable in quality with the Alexander Mosaic in Pompeii." Question: What scenes are depicted on the Zliten mosaic? Answer: gladiatorial contests Question: When was the Zliten mosaic discovered? Answer: 1913 Question: The mosaics uncovered in Libya were from which century? Answer: 1st or 2nd century AD Question: How long was the mural discovered in Libya? Answer: 30 ft Question: The gladiator mosaic is on par with the Alexander mosaic in which city? Answer: Pompeii
Context: “The roots of all our modern academic fields can be found within the pages of literature.” Literature in all its forms can be seen as written records, whether the literature itself be factual or fictional, it is still quite possible to decipher facts through things like characters’ actions and words or the authors’ style of writing and the intent behind the words. The plot is for more than just entertainment purposes; within it lies information about economics, psychology, science, religions, politics, cultures, and social depth. Studying and analyzing literature becomes very important in terms of learning about our history. Through the study of past literature we are able to learn about how society has evolved and about the societal norms during each of the different periods all throughout history. This can even help us to understand references made in more modern literature because authors often make references to Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments. Not only is there literature written on each of the aforementioned topics themselves, and how they have evolved throughout history (like a book about the history of economics or a book about evolution and science, for example) but we can also learn about these things in fictional works. Authors often include historical moments in their works, like when Lord Byron talks about the Spanish and the French in ‘‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: Canto I’’ and expresses his opinions through his character Childe Harold. Through literature we are able to continuously uncover new information about history. It is easy to see how all academic fields have roots in literature. Information became easier to pass down from generation to generation once we began to write it down. Eventually everything was written down, from things like home remedies and cures for illness, or how to build shelter to traditions and religious practices. From there people were able to study literature, improve on ideas, further our knowledge, and academic fields such as the medical field or trades could be started. In much the same way as the literature that we study today continue to be updated as we continue to evolve and learn more and more. Question: Literature, regardless of how the definition is applied, can be interpreted as what? Answer: written records Question: We can learn what by carefully examining our literature? Answer: our history Question: Who wrote "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I"? Answer: Lord Byron Question: Passing information down through generations was made easier when our society did what? Answer: once we began to write it down Question: Authors of literature frequently reference what antecedents? Answer: Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments Question: Literature in most forms can be seen as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The plot is only for what purpose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do authors also reference besides Roman mythology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Lord Bryon write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In "Childe Harold's Pilgimage: Cano I," Lord Byron talks about the Portuguese and what other groups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be seen as written logs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides entertainment and philosophy, what information is in a plot? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what type of literature do authors make reference to Roman mythology and other old texts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who talks about the Spanish and Portuguese in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the main character in "Childe Harold's: Canto I?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do we learn about from studying and analyzing history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Childe Harold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who does Lord Bryon talk about besides the Greek and Spanish in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimige: Canto I?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are we able to continuously able to uncover new information about through history? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative, terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative, with the case and number of the adjective(s) always agreeing with that of the noun (except in the terminative, essive, abessive and comitative, where there is agreement only for the number, the adjective being in the genitive form). Thus the illative for kollane maja ("a yellow house") is kollasesse majja ("into a yellow house"), but the terminative is kollase majani ("as far as a yellow house"). With respect to the Proto-Finnic language, elision has occurred; thus, the actual case marker may be absent, but the stem is changed, cf. maja – majja and the Pohjanmaa dialect of Finnish maja – majahan. Question: What language lacks gendered nouns and pronouns? Answer: Estonian Question: In the nominative, genitive, partitive, illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative cases what always agrees with the noun in number and case? Answer: adjectives Question: What language relies on gendered nouns and pronouns? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In nominative cases what never agrees with the noun in number and case? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is "a yellow house" in Finnish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many cases to verbs decline? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that possess a set of inherited characteristics that distinguishes them from other animals within the same species. Modern dog breeds are non-scientific classifications of dogs kept by modern kennel clubs. Question: Natural selection and what makes certain dogs behave certain ways? Answer: selective breeding Question: What distinguishes different types of dogs from one another? Answer: breed Question: Who keeps classifications of different dog breeds? Answer: modern kennel clubs. Question: What is responsible for different dog types and breeds today? Answer: natural selection and selective breeding Question: Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what? Answer: breeds Question: Modern dog breeds are what type of classification which is maintained by modern kennel clubs? Answer: non-scientific
Context: Nuclear claims between the U.S. and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these nuclear tests linger. Project 4.1 was a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Bikini Atoll exposed to radioactive fallout. From 1956 to August 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshallese Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear weapon testing. Question: What was the name of the US study of nuclear fallout on Bikini Atoll? Answer: Project 4.1 Question: When did the United States begin to pay compensation to Marshall Islanders for nuclear weapon exposure? Answer: 1956 Question: In millions of dollars, how much money did the United States pay out in nuclear testing compensation to Marshall Island residents between 1956 and 1998? Answer: 759
Context: HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature. Question: Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 are examples of what? Answer: an HDTV-capable digital video recorder Question: Some cable boxes are capable of doing what? Answer: receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format Question: What restriction does W-VHS recordings have? Answer: analog only Question: What does D-VHS stand for? Answer: Digital-VHS or Data-VHS Question: Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 aren't examples of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Some cable boxes can't be capable of doing what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What restriction does W-VHS recordings not have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does DVD stand for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 20 September 2013, Queen + Adam Lambert performed at the iHeartRadio Music Festival at the MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas. On 6 March 2014, the band announced on Good Morning America that Queen + Adam Lambert will tour North America in Summer 2014. The band will also tour Australia and New Zealand in August/September 2014. In an interview with Rolling Stone, May and Taylor said that although the tour with Lambert is a limited thing, they are open to him becoming an official member, and cutting new material with him. Question: When did Queen + Adam Lambert perform at the iHeartRadio Music Festival? Answer: 20 September 2013 Question: Where was the iHeartRadio Music Festival held in 2013? Answer: MGM Grand Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas Question: On what show did Queen announce they would be touring with Adam Lambert? Answer: Good Morning America Question: When was the first Queen tour with Adam Lambert scheduled? Answer: Summer 2014 Question: Who did Queen members say they were open to making a regular member of the band in 2014? Answer: Lambert
Context: An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used. The negative aspect is the maintenance and short life problems caused by the commutator. Such motors are used in devices such as food mixers and power tools which are used only intermittently, and often have high starting-torque demands. Multiple taps on the field coil provide (imprecise) stepped speed control. Household blenders that advertise many speeds frequently combine a field coil with several taps and a diode that can be inserted in series with the motor (causing the motor to run on half-wave rectified AC). Universal motors also lend themselves to electronic speed control and, as such, are an ideal choice for devices like domestic washing machines. The motor can be used to agitate the drum (both forwards and in reverse) by switching the field winding with respect to the armature. Question: What kind of motor can employ both AC and DC? Answer: universal Question: What component of a universal motor is most likely to fail? Answer: commutator Question: When is torque most important in universal motor applications? Answer: starting Question: Switching the field winding in washing machines causes the drum to agitate how? Answer: forwards and in reverse Question: How is stepped speed control achieved? Answer: Multiple taps on the field coil provide Question: What kind of motor can employ both DC and DC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What component of a universal motor is most likely to not fail? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is torque least important in universal motor applications? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Switching the field winding out of washing machines causes the drum to agitate how? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ideas for affirmative action came as early as the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) in which a former slave population lacked the skills and resources for sustainable living. In 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman proposed to divide the land and goods from Georgia and grant it to families of color which became the "Forty acres and a mule" policy. The proposal was never widely adopted due to strong political opposition. Nearly a century later (1950s-1960s), policies to assist classes of individuals reemerged during the Civil Rights Movement. The civil rights guarantees came through the interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The decisions came to be known as affirmative action in which mandatory, as well as voluntary programs, affirmed the civil rights of people of color. Furthermore, these affirmative action programs protected people of color from the present effects stemming from past discrimination. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy became the first to utilize the term "affirmative action" in Executive Order 10925 to ensure that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." This executive order realized the government's intent to create equal opportunities for all qualified people. This executive order was eventually amended and superseded by Lyndon B. Johnson's Executive Order 11246 which prevented discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin by organizations which received federal contracts and subcontracts. In 1967, the order was amended to include sex as well. The Reagan administration was opposed to the affirmative action requirements of Executive Order 11246, but these contemplated changes[which?] faced bi-partisan opposition in Congress. Question: When did the Reconstruction Era end? Answer: 1877 Question: Who proposed that land be divided and split up among families of color? Answer: General William Tecumseh Sherman Question: What was the policy of dividing land among families of color referred to as? Answer: Forty acres and a mule Question: Which part of the constitution was the basis for policies that were developed during the Civil Rights Movement? Answer: Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment Question: Who was the first person to utilize the term "affirmative action"? Answer: President John F. Kennedy Question: When did the Deconstruction Era end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Deconstruction Era start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who proposed that land be divided and split up among white families? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the last person to utilize the term "affirmative action"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Similar to the CD versus LP sound quality debates common in the audiophile community, some videophiles argue that LaserDisc maintains a "smoother", more "film-like", natural image while DVD still looks slightly more artificial. Early DVD demo discs often had compression or encoding problems, lending additional support to such claims at the time. However, the video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of LaserDisc are substantially less than that of DVDs, making DVDs appear sharper and clearer to most viewers. Question: Which format is considered to look most realistic, LaserDisc or DVD? Answer: LaserDisc Question: Which format, LaserDisc or DVD, is said to appear sharper and clearer to most viewers? Answer: DVDs Question: What features do LaserDiscs lack in, causing DVDs to appear sharper and clearer? Answer: video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth
Context: Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Oblast) and Lithuania (the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region). The city of Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province largely evacuated during the war, but several hundreds of thousands died during the years 1944–46 and the remainder were subsequently expelled. Question: What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II? Answer: Poland and the Soviet Union Question: What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946? Answer: Kaliningrad Question: What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad? Answer: evacuated during the war Question: In what year did the Potsdam Conference occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what country was Kaliningrad in 1946? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did World War II start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was one of the countries that defeated Nazi Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To what country were the German population expelled? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party. He is instrumental in devising and implementing his party's strategy on the floor with respect to promoting or opposing legislation. He is kept constantly informed as to the status of legislative business and as to the sentiment of his party respecting particular legislation under consideration. Such information is derived in part from the floor leader's contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization. Question: Who plays an influential role in the formation of party policy? Answer: A party's floor leader Question: In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation? Answer: guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party Question: How are floor leaders kept informed of legislative status? Answer: contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization Question: What does the whip organization play a role in forming in conjunction with party leaders? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What programs are resisted by the whip organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the whip organization devise and implement for the party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the whip organization kept constantly informed about? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What committees does the whip organization oversee? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Somerton took over from Ilchester as the county town in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366. The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns (including the county town of Taunton, which has no town council but instead is the chief settlement of the county's only borough). The largest urban areas in terms of population are Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Taunton, Yeovil and Bridgwater. Many settlements developed because of their strategic importance in relation to geographical features, such as river crossings or valleys in ranges of hills. Examples include Axbridge on the River Axe, Castle Cary on the River Cary, North Petherton on the River Parrett, and Ilminster, where there was a crossing point on the River Isle. Midsomer Norton lies on the River Somer; while the Wellow Brook and the Fosse Way Roman road run through Radstock. Chard is the most southerly town in Somerset, and at an altitude of 121 m (397 ft) it is also the highest. Question: When did Somerton take over from Ilchester as the county town Answer: in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366 Question: How many cities and towns in Somerset Answer: The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns Question: The largest populations of the county Answer: in terms of population are Bath, Weston-super-Mare, Taunton, Yeovil and Bridgwater Question: What was the strategic purpose to settle this area Answer: strategic importance in relation to geographical features, such as river crossings or valleys in ranges of hills Question: Most Southernly town of somerset Answer: Chard is the most southerly town in Somerset, and at an altitude of 121 m (397 ft) it is also the highest Question: In which year was Taunton established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the average altitude of Taunton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the largest Urban area in Somerton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most northerly town in Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the average altitude of Axbridge? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population, which includes African Americans. Out of the 16.0%, 4.0% (741,879) were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American. During the early 1900s, black people made up nearly half of the state's population. In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the Great Migration, in waves from 1910 to 1940, and again starting in the later 1940s. They moved for jobs, better education for their children and the chance to vote and participate in society. By 1960 the proportion of African Americans in the state had declined to 18%. Conversely large numbers of northern whites moved to the state.[citation needed] Today, large concentrations of black residents can be found in northern and central Florida. Aside from blacks descended from African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins, especially in the Miami/South Florida area. In 2010, Florida had the highest percentage of West Indians in the United States, with 2.0% (378,926) from Haitian ancestry, and 1.3% (236,950) Jamaican. All other (non-Hispanic) Caribbean nations were well below 0.1% of Florida residents. Question: What percentage of Florida was African american in 2010 Answer: As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population Question: what percentage of florida was black in the early 1900's Answer: During the early 1900s, black people made up nearly half of the state's population Question: What did many black migrate from florida Answer: response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities Question: Where does the African population in florida have ancestry roots Answer: African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins Question: What percentage of Florida was African American in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Florida was black in the late 1900s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1960 the population of African Americans increased by what percent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Jamaicans were in Florida in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Southern and Eastern Florida have the highest population of what race? Answer: Unanswerable