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Context: Two battle-hardened Australian divisions were steaming from the Mid-East for Singapore. Churchill wanted them diverted to Burma, but Curtin insisted on a return to Australia. In early 1942 elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy proposed an invasion of Australia. The Japanese Army opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia from the United States via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific. The Japanese decided upon a seaborne invasion of Port Moresby, capital of the Australian Territory of Papua which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese bomber aircraft. Question: How many Australian divisions steamed from the Mid-East for Singapore? Answer: Two Question: Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to? Answer: Burma Question: What Japanese group opposed an invasion of Australia? Answer: Japanese Army Question: What was the capital of Papua? Answer: Port Moresby Question: What country did Japan isolate Australia from with a blockade? Answer: United States
Context: A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created. Question: What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered? Answer: 2011 Question: In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found? Answer: New Brunswick Question: If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood? Answer: carbon dating Question: How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick? Answer: 395 to 400
Context: In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a wide variety of situations), but a wider range of clothing styles are available for females. Males are typically allowed to bare their chests in a greater variety of public places. It is generally acceptable for a woman to wear traditionally male clothing, while the converse is unusual. Question: What is an example of clothing that was once seen as exclusively for males? Answer: Trousers Question: What gender's clothing is often more practical? Answer: Male Question: What can males typically bare in more places? Answer: their chests Question: What would be unlikely to raise eyebrows if a woman were to wear it? Answer: male clothing Question: What is a common opinion about men wearing women's clothing? Answer: unusual Question: What clothing is exclusively for males? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Female clothing is often more what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Males are typically not allowed to show what in public places Answer: Unanswerable Question: It is generally not acceptable for women to wear what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In Western society skirts dresses and neckties are typically seen as what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hunting and gathering was presumably the subsistence strategy employed by human societies beginning some 1.8 million years ago, by Homo erectus, and from its appearance some 0.2 million years ago by Homo sapiens. It remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Mesolithic period some 10,000 years ago, and after this was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Neolithic Revolution. Question: When did human populations begin using hunting-gathering? Answer: 1.8 million years ago Question: What phase of human used subsistence strategies to find food? Answer: Homo erectus Question: When did Homo sapiens begin using subsistence gathering? Answer: 0.2 million years ago Question: When did hunting-gathering begin to fade from use? Answer: 10,000 years ago Question: What began replacing hunting-gathering at the end of the Mesolithic period? Answer: Neolithic Revolution Question: What remained the only mode of subsistence until the end of the Paleolithic period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was replaced only gradually with the spread of the Mesolithic Revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Neolithic Period ended how many years ago? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which revolution spread rapidly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which subsistence strategy started with the Neolithic Revolution? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2006, a study by Behar et al., based on what was at that time high-resolution analysis of haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", that were "likely from a Hebrew/Levantine mtDNA pool" originating in the Middle East in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. Additionally, Behar et al. suggested that the rest of Ashkenazi mtDNA is originated from ~150 women, and that most of those were also likely of Middle Eastern origin. In reference specifically to Haplogroup K, they suggested that although it is common throughout western Eurasia, "the observed global pattern of distribution renders very unlikely the possibility that the four aforementioned founder lineages entered the Ashkenazi mtDNA pool via gene flow from a European host population". Question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that what percentage of the current Ashkenazi population was descended from "founder lineages"? Answer: 40% Question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from how many women? Answer: from just four women Question: The women that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended from are also known as what? Answer: founder lineages Question: The founder lineages were likely from what type of mtDNA pool? Answer: Hebrew/Levantine
Context: Though there is no doubt that the demographic crisis of the 14th century caused a dramatic fall in production and commerce in absolute terms, there has been a vigorous historical debate over whether the decline was greater than the fall in population. While the older orthodoxy held that the artistic output of the Renaissance was a result of greater opulence, more recent studies have suggested that there might have been a so-called 'depression of the Renaissance'. In spite of convincing arguments for the case, the statistical evidence is simply too incomplete for a definite conclusion to be made. Question: What caused the decrease in commerce and production in the 14th century? Answer: demographic crisis Question: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance was a time of great opulence? Answer: depression of the Renaissance Question: What type of evidence is too incomplete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance? Answer: statistical Question: What is posited as the cause of increased artistic output during the Renaissance? Answer: greater opulence Question: What caused the increase in commerce and production in the 14th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance wasn't a time of great opulence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the alternative to the theory that the Renaissance was a time of no opulence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of evidence is too complete for a decision to be made between the two theories of the Renaissance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is posited as the cause of decreased artistic output during the Renaissance? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In addition, like most Slavic languages, the Shtokavian verb also has one of two aspects: perfective or imperfective. Most verbs come in pairs, with the perfective verb being created out of the imperfective by adding a prefix or making a stem change. The imperfective aspect typically indicates that the action is unfinished, in progress, or repetitive; while the perfective aspect typically denotes that the action was completed, instantaneous, or of limited duration. Some Štokavian tenses (namely, aorist and imperfect) favor a particular aspect (but they are rarer or absent in Čakavian and Kajkavian). Actually, aspects "compensate" for the relative lack of tenses, because aspect of the verb determines whether the act is completed or in progress in the referred time. Question: Which tense indicates that an action hasn't finished? Answer: imperfective Question: Which two states do Shtokavian verbs have? Answer: perfective or imperfective Question: When is the perspective aspect of a verb used? Answer: action was completed, instantaneous, or of limited duration Question: What are two aspects the Kajkavian verb has? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do prefixes come in usually? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the stem change created out of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do some Shtokavian verbs favor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do limited duration actions compensate for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In The Open Society and Its Enemies and The Poverty of Historicism, Popper developed a critique of historicism and a defence of the "Open Society". Popper considered historicism to be the theory that history develops inexorably and necessarily according to knowable general laws towards a determinate end. He argued that this view is the principal theoretical presupposition underpinning most forms of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. He argued that historicism is founded upon mistaken assumptions regarding the nature of scientific law and prediction. Since the growth of human knowledge is a causal factor in the evolution of human history, and since "no society can predict, scientifically, its own future states of knowledge", it follows, he argued, that there can be no predictive science of human history. For Popper, metaphysical and historical indeterminism go hand in hand. Question: Which of Popper's works criticized the idea that history has an inexorable developmental path? Answer: The Poverty of Historicism Question: What is the term for the view that there are discoverable general laws constraining history's development? Answer: historicism Question: What political forms did Popper believe historicism supported? Answer: authoritarianism and totalitarianism Question: What unpredictable feature of the world did Popper say refuted historicism? Answer: the growth of human knowledge Question: In what book did Popper defend historicism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who criticized the "Open Society"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Einstein consider historicism to be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Popper argue is founded on correct assumptions regarding the nature of scientific law and prediction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can predict its own future states of knowledge? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Color Orange democracy group, led by Danish sculptor Jens Galschiøt, originally planned to join the Hong Kong Alliance relay and paint the "Pillar of Shame", a structure he built in Hong Kong to commemorate the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. However, Galschiøt and two other people were denied entry to Hong Kong on April 26, 2008 due to "immigration reasons" and were forced to leave Hong Kong. In response, Lee Cheuk Yan, vice chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, said, "It's outrageous that the government is willing to sacrifice the image of Hong Kong because of the torch relay." Hollywood actress Mia Farrow was also briefly questioned at the Hong Kong airport though officials allowed her to enter. She later gave a speech criticizing China's relations with Sudan in Hong Kong, as there was also a small minority of people protesting about China's role in the crisis of Darfur. Legislator Cheung Man Kwong have also said the government's decision allowing Farrow to enter while denying others is a double standard and a violation to Hong Kong's one country, two systems policy. Question: Which group did Jens Galschiøt lead? Answer: The Color Orange democracy group Question: What did Galschiøt construct in Hong Kong in reference to the Tiananmen Square protests? Answer: Pillar of Shame Question: Galschiøt and two fellow protesters were denied to entry to Hong Kong for what reason? Answer: immigration reasons Question: Which American actress was questioned at the Hong Kong airport? Answer: Mia Farrow Question: A legislator said that by allowing Farrow to enter Hong Kong while denying others was a violation to what policy? Answer: one country, two systems Question: What group did Jens Galschiøt lead? Answer: The Color Orange Question: What structure did Jens Galschiøt build to monumentalize the Tianamen Square protests in 1989? Answer: Pillar of Shame Question: Why was Jens Galschiøt made to leave Hong Kong? Answer: immigration reasons Question: Which actress from America was initially held and then gave a speech about China and Sudan? Answer: Mia Farrow
Context: In Japan, the Mayor of Nagano, Shoichi Washizawa said that it has become a "great nuisance" for the city to host the torch relay prior to the Nagano leg. Washizawa's aides said the mayor's remark was not criticism about the relay itself but about the potential disruptions and confusion surrounding it.　A city employee of the Nagano City Office ridiculed the protests in Europe, he said "They are doing something foolish", in a televised interview. Nagano City officially apologized later and explained what he had wanted to say was "Such violent protests were not easy to accept". Also citing concerns about protests as well as the recent violence in Tibet, a major Buddhist temple in Nagano cancelled its plans to host the opening stage of the Olympic torch relay, this temple was vandalised by an un-identified person the day after in apparent revenge, Question: Who was the mayor of Nagano? Answer: Shoichi Washizawa Question: How did Washizawa refer to the city having the torch relay? Answer: great nuisance Question: What was vandalized after a relay event was cancelled there? Answer: a major Buddhist temple Question: Who was the mayor of Nagano? Answer: Shoichi Washizawa Question: What did he call the opportunity for Nagano to host the torch event? Answer: great nuisance Question: Where was the inital opening ceremony to be held in Nagano? Answer: a major Buddhist temple
Context: In the past, a certain misconception sometimes led to the mistranslation of "szlachta" as "gentry" rather than "nobility".:206 :xvi This mistaken practice began due to the economic status of some szlachta members being inferior to that of the nobility in other European countries (see also Estates of the Realm regarding wealth and nobility). The szlachta included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals with a noble lineage, no land, no castle, no money, no village, and no peasants.:xvi Question: Why did the mistranslation of szlachta come about? Answer: included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals Question: Who was inferior of the other, European countries or szlachta? Answer: szlachta
Context: In September 1940, during the Second World War, pro-Gaullist French officers took control of Ubangi-Shari and General Leclerc established his headquarters for the Free French Forces in Bangui. In 1946 Barthélémy Boganda was elected with 9,000 votes to the French National Assembly, becoming the first representative for CAR in the French government. Boganda maintained a political stance against racism and the colonial regime but gradually became disheartened with the French political system and returned to CAR to establish the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN) in 1950. Question: During what war did French officers setup headquarters in CAR? Answer: Second World War Question: Who was elected in 1946 as the first representative? Answer: Barthélémy Boganda Question: How many votes did Boganda get? Answer: 9,000 votes Question: What was Bogandas platform that he ran for? Answer: political stance against racism Question: What caused Boganda to leave his elected post? Answer: disheartened with the French political system Question: Where did the Ubangi-Shari establish their headquarters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was elected in 1950 to become the first CAR representative in the French government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many votes did General Leclerc get in the election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the political position of General Leclerc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Barthelemy Boganda establish in September 1940? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The adolescent growth spurt is a rapid increase in the individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience their growth spurt about two years later, on average, than females. During their peak height velocity (the time of most rapid growth), adolescents grow at a growth rate nearly identical to that of a toddler—about 4 inches (10.3 cm) a year for males and 3.5 inches (9 cm) for females. In addition to changes in height, adolescents also experience a significant increase in weight (Marshall, 1978). The weight gained during adolescence constitutes nearly half of one's adult body weight. Teenage and early adult males may continue to gain natural muscle growth even after puberty. Question: Do males or females experience growth spurts first? Answer: females Question: How much later on average do males experience their growth spurt? Answer: two years later Question: What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a male adolescent? Answer: 4 inches (10.3 cm) a year Question: What is the growth rate during peak height velocity for a female adolescent? Answer: 3.5 inches (9 cm) Question: Growth rates during adolescent are comparible to those of what other life stage? Answer: toddler
Context: One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, which the host supplies to them. These worms were discovered in the late 1980s at the hydrothermal vents near the Galapagos Islands and have since been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in all of the world's oceans. Question: When were the worms found? Answer: the late 1980s Question: What does the bacteria give the worm? Answer: nutrition Question: What land is near the worms' first known location? Answer: the Galapagos Islands Question: From where do the host obtain the hydrogen sulfide or methane? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the Galapagos Islands discovered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the relationship between the siboglinid tube worms and the hydrothermal vents? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the symbiotic bacteria discovered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does the symbiotic bacteria get nutrition from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Deuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes the anus forms first, with the mouth developing secondarily. In most protostomes, cells simply fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm, called schizocoelous development, but in deuterostomes, it forms through invagination of the endoderm, called enterocoelic pouching. Deuterostome embryos undergo radial cleavage during cell division, while protostomes undergo spiral cleavage. Question: What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common? Answer: both groups possess a complete digestive tract Question: In which group does the anus form first, with the mouth developing secondarily? Answer: deuterostomes Question: What is the process in which cells fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm called? Answer: schizocoelous development Question: What is the process in which the mesoderm is formed through invagination of the endoderm called? Answer: enterocoelic pouching Question: What do deuterostome embryos undergo during cell division? Answer: radial cleavage
Context: In 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem "Mont Blanc", Byron wrote "The Prisoner of Chillon" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scenery overwhelming, conceived the idea for the novel Frankenstein in her villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm. When Coleridge travelled to Chamonix, he declaimed, in defiance of Shelley, who had signed himself "Atheos" in the guestbook of the Hotel de Londres near Montenvers, "Who would be, who could be an atheist in this valley of wonders". By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region. Question: Percy and Mary Shelley were inspired by what region's scenery? Answer: Geneva Question: What poem did Shelley write during the visits to Geneva? Answer: Mont Blanc Question: When did scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the Alpine region? Answer: the mid-19th century
Context: While the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's army farther off on a distant plateau south of the town of Spicheren, and took this as a sign of Frossard's retreat. Ignoring Moltke's plan again, both German armies attacked Frossard's French 2nd Corps, fortified between Spicheren and Forbach. Question: Who commanded the French army at the battle of Worth? Answer: General MacMahon Question: Which German divisison did MacMahon engage? Answer: German 3rd Army Question: Who commanded the German 1st Army? Answer: Steinmetz Question: What did a German patrol spot that led them to believe that Frossard had retreated? Answer: decoy fires Question: Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard? Answer: Moltke's
Context: Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. Question: Who is the most well know kef artist? Answer: Richard Hagopian Question: What type of music had the biggest impact on the kef of the Vosbikian Band? Answer: American Big Band Jazz Question: Who were some Armenian pop artists? Answer: Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian Question: When did Armenian pop music become popular? Answer: the 1960s and 1970s
Context: Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in a band named Smile. Freddie Mercury (then known by his birth name of Farrokh "Freddie" Bulsara) was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques. Mercury joined the band in 1970, suggested "Queen" as a new band name, and adopted his familiar stage name. John Deacon was recruited prior to recording their eponymous debut album in 1973. Queen first charted in the UK with their second album, Queen II, in 1974, but it was the release of Sheer Heart Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 which brought them international success. The latter featured "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks and popularised the music video. Their 1977 album, News of the World, contained "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. Their performance at 1985's Live Aid is ranked among the greatest in rock history by various music publications, with a 2005 industry poll ranking it the best. In 1991, Mercury died of bronchopneumonia, a complication of AIDS, and Deacon retired in 1997. Since then, May and Taylor have occasionally performed together, including with Paul Rodgers (2004–09) and with Adam Lambert (since 2011). In November 2014, Queen released a new album, Queen Forever, featuring vocals from the late Mercury. Question: What was the name of Brian May and Roger Taylor's band before Queen? Answer: Smile Question: What was the stage name adopted by Farrokh Bulsara? Answer: Freddie Mercury Question: What was the name of the album Queen released in 2014? Answer: Queen Forever Question: What was the name of Queen's 1977 album? Answer: News of the World Question: In what year did Freddie Mercury die? Answer: 1991
Context: The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions (NCQLP) offers the Lighting Certification Examination which tests rudimentary lighting design principles. Individuals who pass this exam become ‘Lighting Certified’ and may append the abbreviation LC to their name. This certification process is one of three national (U.S.) examinations (the others are CLEP and CLMC) in the lighting industry and is open not only to designers, but to lighting equipment manufacturers, electric utility employees, etc. Question: Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination? Answer: NCQLP Question: What does NCQLP stand for? Answer: The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions Question: Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified? Answer: LC Question: What other national examinations are available? Answer: CLEP and CLMC
Context: By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness. The plebeians demanded relief, but the senators refused to address their situation. The result was the final plebeian secession. The plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill. To end the secession, a dictator was appointed. The dictator passed a law (the Lex Hortensia), which ended the requirement that the patrician senators must agree before any bill could be considered by the Plebeian Council. This was not the first law to require that an act of the Plebeian Council have the full force of law. The Plebeian Council acquired this power during a modification to the original Valerian law in 449 BC. The significance of this law was in the fact that it robbed the patricians of their final weapon over the plebeians. The result was that control over the state fell, not onto the shoulders of voters, but to the new plebeian nobility. Question: What was the economic status of your typical plebeian in 287 BC? Answer: poor Question: Who refused to concern themselves with the plebeians debt situation? Answer: senators Question: What law was passed that allowed the Plebeian Council to consider a bill without the approval of the patrician senators? Answer: the Lex Hortensia Question: What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to? Answer: the final plebeian secession
Context: Since the angel Gabriel had told Mary (according to Luke 1:36) that Elizabeth—having previously been barren—was then miraculously pregnant, Mary hurried to see Elizabeth, who was living with her husband Zechariah in "Hebron, in the hill country of Judah". Mary arrived at the house and greeted Elizabeth who called Mary "the mother of my Lord", and Mary spoke the words of praise that later became known as the Magnificat from her first word in the Latin version.[Luke 1:46-55] After about three months, Mary returned to her own house.[Lk 1:56-57] Question: What language did Mary speak? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Mary first meet the angel Gabriel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Elizabeth first meet Zechariah? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did Elizabeth speak? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the angel Gabriel tell Elizabeth whom Mary was? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Even the Zhonghua Zihai does not include characters in the Chinese family of scripts created to represent non-Chinese languages. Characters formed by Chinese principles in other languages include the roughly 1,500 Japanese-made kokuji given in the Kokuji no Jiten, the Korean-made gukja, the over 10,000 Sawndip characters still in use in Guangxi, and the almost 20,000 Nôm characters formerly used in Vietnam.[citation needed] More divergent descendents of Chinese script include Tangut script, which created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes but different formation principles to Chinese characters. Question: What does not include characters in the Chinese family? Answer: Zhonghua Zihai Question: What is formed by Chinese principles? Answer: Characters Question: What created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes? Answer: Tangut script
Context: The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm-wracked, shark infested waters, using a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States. Question: Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous? Answer: most famous escapee Question: After Duquesne made his way to St. George, what did he do? Answer: stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland Question: After settling in the US, what did Duquesne do? Answer: became a spy for Germany in both World Wars Question: What was Captain Joubert Fritz Duquesne serving a sentence for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sentence was Captain Joubert Fritz Duquesne serving? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who escaped on 25 June 1942? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1924? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 1 July 1967, BBC Two became the first television channel in Europe to broadcast regularly in colour, using the West German PAL system that is still in use today although being gradually superseded by digital systems. (BBC One and ITV began 625-line colour broadcasts simultaneously on 15 November 1969). Unlike other terrestrial channels, BBC Two does not have soap opera or standard news programming, but a range of programmes intended to be eclectic and diverse (although if a programme has high audience ratings it is often eventually repositioned to BBC One). The different remit of BBC2 allowed its first controller, Sir David Attenborough to commission the first heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon. Question: What was the first station to show programs in color? Answer: BBC Two Question: When did the other two major British stations start color programming? Answer: 15 November 1969 Question: What types of programs were not shown on BBC Two? Answer: soap opera or standard news programming Question: Who was the first controller of BBC2? Answer: Sir David Attenborough Question: What kinds of programs did Attenborough favor? Answer: documentaries Question: What happened on 1 July 1969? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did BBC One and ITV begin on 15 November 1967? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who commissioned Horizon and The Ascent of Civilisation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does BBC Two air along with soap operas and standard news programming? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Southampton had an estimated 236,900 people living within the city boundary in 2011. There is a sizeable Polish population in the city, with estimates as high as 20,000. Question: In 2011, what was the estimated population of Southampton inside city limits? Answer: 236,900 Question: What nationality of people makes up a large portion of Southampton residents? Answer: Polish Question: What's the highest estimate of the Polish population of the city of Southampton? Answer: 20,000
Context: In 2014, the airport received 15 new boarding bridges, totalling 28 in all. This was the main requirement made by the federal government, which transferred the operation of the terminal to the Inframerica Group after an auction. The group invested R$750 million in the project. In the same year, the number of parking spaces doubled, reaching three thousand. The airport's entrance have a new rooftop cover and a new access road. Furthermore, a VIP room was created on Terminal 1's third floor. The investments resulted an increase the capacity of Brasília's airport from approximately 15 million passengers per year to 21 million by 2014. Brasília has direct flights to all states of Brazil and direct international flights to Atlanta, Buenos Aires, Lisbon, Miami, Panama City, and Paris. Question: How many boarding bridges does Brasilia's airport have? Answer: 28 Question: When did the number of boarding bridges at Brasilia's airport nearly double? Answer: 2014 Question: What company now runs Brasilia's airport? Answer: Inframerica Group Question: Besides boarding bridges, what also doubled in 2014 at Brasilia's airport? Answer: the number of parking spaces Question: What is Brasilia's airport's annual passenger capacity after 2014's improvements? Answer: 21 million Question: How many boarding bridges did Miami recieve in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the boarding bridges increase to in Buenos Aires in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was transferred to Paris after an auction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the amount of passengers double to in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company runs the VIP room? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 14 July, Iraqi army officers Abdel Karim Qasim and Abdel Salam Aref overthrew the Iraqi monarchy and, the next day, Iraqi prime minister and Nasser's chief Arab antagonist, Nuri al-Said, was killed. Nasser recognized the new government and stated that "any attack on Iraq was tantamount to an attack on the UAR". On 15 July, US marines landed in Lebanon, and British special forces in Jordan, upon the request of those countries' governments to prevent them from falling to pro-Nasser forces. Nasser felt that the revolution in Iraq left the road for pan-Arab unity unblocked. On 19 July, for the first time, he declared that he was opting for full Arab union, although he had no plan to merge Iraq with the UAR. While most members of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) favored Iraqi-UAR unity, Qasim sought to keep Iraq independent and resented Nasser's large popular base in the country. Question: What two men overthrew the Iraqi monarchy? Answer: Abdel Karim Qasim and Abdel Salam Aref Question: What anti-Nasser Iraqi was assassinated? Answer: Nuri al-Said Question: Where did US Marines land? Answer: Lebanon Question: Why did Jordan and Lebanon seek outside aid? Answer: to prevent them from falling to pro-Nasser forces Question: How did Nasser see the prospects for Arab unity? Answer: unblocked
Context: Israeli cuisine includes local dishes as well as dishes brought to the country by Jewish immigrants from the diaspora. Since the establishment of the State in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli fusion cuisine has developed. Roughly half of the Israeli-Jewish population attests to keeping kosher at home. Kosher restaurants, though rare in the 1960s, make up around 25% of the total as of 2015[update], perhaps reflecting the largely secular values of those who dine out. Hotel restaurants are much more likely to serve kosher food. The non-kosher retail market was traditionally sparse, but grew rapidly and considerably following the influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe and Russia during the 1990s. Together with non-kosher fish, rabbits and ostriches, pork—often called "white meat" in Israel—is produced and consumed, though it is forbidden by both Judaism and Islam. Question: When was Israeli fusion cuisine first developed? Answer: 1948 Question: Kosher restaurants make up what percent of total restaurants? Answer: 25% Question: What is pork often called in Israel? Answer: white meat
Context: An upgrade to Windows 8 known as Windows 8.1 was officially announced by Microsoft on May 14, 2013. Following a presentation devoted to the upgrade at Build 2013, a public beta version of the upgrade was released on June 26, 2013. Windows 8.1 was released to OEM hardware partners on August 27, 2013, and released publicly as a free download through Windows Store on October 17, 2013. Volume license customers and subscribers to MSDN Plus and TechNet Plus were initially unable to obtain the RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson said the policy was changed to allow Microsoft to work with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability." However, after criticism, Microsoft reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013. Question: When was Windows 8.1 introduced? Answer: May 14, 2013 Question: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 8.1? Answer: June 26, 2013 Question: When did MSDN and TechNet users gain access to Windows 8.1? Answer: September 9, 2013 Question: When was Windows 9.1 introduced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Windows 8.1 scrapped? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 9.1? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Microsoft release the alpha version of Windows 8.1? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did MSDN and TechNet users gain access to Windows 9.1? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Of his eight encyclicals, Pope Paul VI is best known for his encyclical Humanae vitae (Of Human Life, subtitled On the Regulation of Birth), published on 25 July 1968. In this encyclical he reaffirmed the Catholic Church's traditional view of marriage and marital relations and a continued condemnation of artificial birth control. There were two Papal committees and numerous independent experts looking into the latest advancement of science and medicine on the question of artificial birth control. which were noted by the Pope in his encyclical The expressed views of Paul VI reflected the teachings of his predecessors, especially Pius XI, Pius XII and John XXIII and never changed, as he repeatedly stated them in the first few years of his Pontificate Question: Which one of Paul Vi's encyclicals best known in Catholic history? Answer: Humanae vitae Question: What did Paul VI's Humanae Vitae condemn? Answer: artificial birth control Question: What type of birth control is condemned by the Catholic church? Answer: artificial Question: How many encyclicals did Paul VI publish? Answer: eight Question: What does Humanae Vitae mean? Answer: Of Human Life
Context: The most notable cricket club in Cork is Cork County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1874. Although located within the Munster jurisdiction, the club plays in the Leinster Senior League. The club plays at the Mardyke, a ground which has hosted three first-class matches in 1947, 1961 and 1973. All three involved Ireland playing Scotland. The Cork Cricket Academy operates within the city, with the stated aim of introducing the sport to schools in the city and county. Cork's other main cricket club, Harlequins Cricket Club, play close to Cork Airport. Question: What's the most famous cricket club in Cork? Answer: Cork County Cricket Club Question: When was the Cork County Cricket Club established? Answer: 1874 Question: Which league does the Cork County Cricket Club belong to? Answer: Leinster Senior League Question: Which first-class matches were hosted at Mardyke? Answer: 1947, 1961 and 1973 Question: Which teams played in the three first class matches? Answer: Ireland playing Scotland Question: What Cricket club was formed in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did The Cricket club host matches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Harlequins Cricket Club formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What jurisdiction is the Harlequins Cricket Club located in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What league does the Harlequins Cricket Club play in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what years were first class matches held close to Cork Airport? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does the Harlequins Cricket Club want to introduce the sport to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many Baptist churches choose to affiliate with organizational groups that provide fellowship without control. The largest such group is the Southern Baptist Convention. There also are a substantial number of smaller cooperative groups. Finally, there are Baptist churches that choose to remain autonomous and independent of any denomination, organization, or association. It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are independent and self-governing, and if so the term 'Baptist denomination' may be considered somewhat incongruous. Question: What is the largest fellowship without control? Answer: Southern Baptist Convention Question: It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are what? Answer: independent and self-governing Question: What term is considered somewhat incongrous is a self-governing church? Answer: Baptist denomination Question: What is the smallest fellowship without control? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What churches never become autonomous? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has never been suggested as a primary Baptist principle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is not considered to be incongruous? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city is drained by three rivers; the West, Mill, and Quinnipiac, named in order from west to east. The West River discharges into West Haven Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge into New Haven Harbor. Both harbors are embayments of Long Island Sound. In addition, several smaller streams flow through the city's neighborhoods, including Wintergreen Brook, the Beaver Ponds Outlet, Wilmot Brook, Belden Brook, and Prospect Creek. Not all of these small streams have continuous flow year-round. Question: By how many rivers is the city of New Haven drained? Answer: three Question: Which New Haven river releases into West Haven Harbor? Answer: West River Question: Into what local body of water do the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge? Answer: New Haven Harbor Question: Into what larger waterway do the West Haven Harbor and New Haven Harbor recess as embayments? Answer: Long Island Sound Question: What is the name of the western river in the city of New Haven? Answer: the West Question: The eastern river bears the name of the Native American Tribes that once live in New Haven, what is the name? Answer: Quinnipiac Question: The two eastern rivers meets in which of New Haven Harbor? Answer: New Haven Harbor Question: These two harbors are part of what estuary? Answer: Long Island Sound. Question: Are all of New Haven's smaller stream active through all four seasons? Answer: Not all of these small streams
Context: Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the 2003 California recall election for Governor of California on the August 6, 2003 episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy immediately became national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the "Governator" (referring to The Terminator movies, see above) and "The Running Man" (the name of another one of his films), and calling the recall election "Total Recall" (yet another movie starring Schwarzenegger). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates, and appeared in only one debate on September 24, 2003. Question: The episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno where Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy for Governor aired on what date? Answer: August 6, 2003 Question: How many debates did Schwarzenegger participate in before the 2003 California recall election? Answer: one
Context: Since the 1970s, an important focus of study has been the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica. In 1985, three British scientists working on data they had gathered at Halley Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf discovered the existence of a hole in this layer. It was eventually determined that the destruction of the ozone was caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emitted by human products. With the ban of CFCs in the Montreal Protocol of 1989, climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070. Question: What has been an important atmospheric study since the 1970s? Answer: ozone layer Question: Where in Antarctica is Halley Station? Answer: Brunt Ice Shelf Question: When did scientists discover the hole in the ozone layer? Answer: 1985 Question: What chemical was discovered to have caused the hole in the ozone? Answer: chlorofluorocarbons Question: What agreement banned the use of CFC s? Answer: Montreal Protocol Question: What was studied in 1970? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was discovered in 1985 in the ozone at the Brunt Station on the Halley Ice Shelf? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does CCF stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were banned in 1998? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will happen to the ozone by 2050? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ to female scholars, giving information on 1,075 of them. More recently, the scholar Mohammad Akram Nadwi, currently a researcher from the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, has written 40 volumes on the muḥaddithāt (the women scholars of ḥadīth), and found at least 8,000 of them. Question: What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 1200s? Answer: less than one percent Question: How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1400s? Answer: over 8,000 Question: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students? Answer: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ Question: How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami? Answer: 1,075 Question: What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 2000s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1600s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic male students? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many male students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since. Question: What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s? Answer: large-scale development projects Question: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s? Answer: 5% Question: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994? Answer: 50% Question: How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc? Answer: 46% Question: When did oil revenues rapidly decline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What enabled the government to finance small development projects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was financed by rising forestry revenues? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What contributed to an excess of revenues? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was inflation at its lowest point? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: IR data transmission is also employed in short-range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistants. These devices usually conform to standards published by IrDA, the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulated, i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data. The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric current. It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful for indoor use in areas of high population density. IR does not penetrate walls and so does not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote controls to command appliances. Infrared remote control protocols like RC-5, SIRC, are used to communicate with infrared. Question: What is the IrDA? Answer: the Infrared Data Association Question: What does the acronym LEDs stand for? Answer: light-emitting diodes Question: What is a term for when something is switched on and off? Answer: modulated Question: What device is used to transform infrared radiation into an electric current? Answer: silicon photodiode Question: Why does infrared not cause trouble for devices in adjacent rooms? Answer: IR does not penetrate walls Question: What term means filtering out slowly to change infrared radiation from ambient light? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What device changes infrared radiation to standards published by the Ir DA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What devices use IR data transmission in short range communication to command appliances? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Name the devices that use IrDA to emit infrared radiation that is focused by a plastic lens into a narrow beam. Answer: Unanswerable Question: What infrared remote control protocols are used in areas of high population density? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jehovah's Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake!, and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship. They reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire, which they consider to be unscriptural doctrines. They do not observe Christmas, Easter, birthdays or other holidays and customs they consider to have pagan origins incompatible with Christianity. Adherents commonly refer to their body of beliefs as "the truth" and consider themselves to be "in the truth". They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses. Congregational disciplinary actions include disfellowshipping, their term for formal expulsion and shunning. Baptized individuals who formally leave are considered disassociated and are also shunned. Disfellowshipped and disassociated individuals may eventually be reinstated if deemed repentant. Question: What are Jehovah witnesses best known for? Answer: their door-to-door preaching Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses refuse? Answer: military service and blood transfusions Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the name Jehovah vital for? Answer: proper worship Question: Why do Jehovah Witnesses reject inherent immortality of the soul, hellfire and Trinitarianism? Answer: they consider to be unscriptural doctrines Question: Why don't Jehovah Witnesses celebrate the usual holidays and customs? Answer: they consider to have pagan origins Question: What in one of the Christian religions that observes Christmas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the Christian religions that celebrates Easter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the Christian religions which believes in Trinitarianism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which a Christian religion that allows blood transfusions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a religion that doesn't limit social interactions with non-believers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law." Under this broad statement of competence, local governments can justify a wide range of activities. For instance, many municipalities develop and expand the economic infrastructure of their communities through the development of industrial trading estates. Question: Municipalities have how many major policy responsibilities? Answer: local governments can justify Question: What article grants the municipalities "the right to regulate on their own responsibility all the affairs of the local community within the limits set by law. Answer: Article 28(2) Question: Under Article 28(2) local governments can justify what? Answer: a wide range of activities Question: What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure? Answer: development Question: Who have three major policy responsibilities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is federal government responsible for administering? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Programs run by the state or federal government typically relate to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Local governments are limited by which article? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What guarantees state and federal governments their rights? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Cenozoic era, specifically about 25 million years ago during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, the continental climate became favorable to the evolution of grasslands. Existing forest biomes declined and grasslands became much more widespread. The grasslands provided a new niche for mammals, including many ungulates and glires, that switched from browsing diets to grazing diets. Traditionally, the spread of grasslands and the development of grazers have been strongly linked. However, an examination of mammalian teeth suggests that it is the open, gritty habitat and not the grass itself which is linked to diet changes in mammals, giving rise to the "grit, not grass" hypothesis. Question: about how long ago did the climate become favorable? Answer: about 25 million years ago Question: what animals did the grasslands provide a new home for? Answer: mammals Question: what diet did the mammals switch to from browsing diets? Answer: grazing diets Question: the spread of grasslands and what have been strongly linked? Answer: development of grazers Question: How many years ago did the Cenozoic era start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what era did ungulates start eating a browsing diet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what era did mammals develop teeth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what era did forest biomes start to grow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Cenozoic era end? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Increasing knowledge of plant anatomy, morphology and life cycles led to the realisation that there were more natural affinities between plants than the artificial sexual system of Linnaeus had indicated. Adanson (1763), de Jussieu (1789), and Candolle (1819) all proposed various alternative natural systems of classification that grouped plants using a wider range of shared characters and were widely followed. The Candollean system reflected his ideas of the progression of morphological complexity and the later classification by Bentham and Hooker, which was influential until the mid-19th century, was influenced by Candolle's approach. Darwin's publication of the Origin of Species in 1859 and his concept of common descent required modifications to the Candollean system to reflect evolutionary relationships as distinct from mere morphological similarity. Question: What led scientists to believe that plants should be classified according to something other than just sexual system? Answer: Increasing knowledge of plant anatomy Question: In what year to Candolle introduce the Candollean system? Answer: 1819 Question: On what did Candolle base his classification system? Answer: morphological complexity Question: What did Darwin introduce that changed classification systems? Answer: concept of common descent
Context: People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country. Question: What people form the largest ethnic group in the city? Answer: People of Irish descent Question: What percentage of the city's population is Irish? Answer: 15.8% Question: What is the second largest ethnic group in the city? Answer: Italians Question: What percentage of the citys population is italian? Answer: 8.3% Question: How many Chinese Americans lived in Boston City proper in 2013? Answer: Over 27,000
Context: One of the more prominent landmarks downtown is the Crystal Bridge at the Myriad Botanical Gardens, a large downtown urban park. Designed by I. M. Pei, the Crystal Bridge is a tropical conservatory in the area. The park has an amphitheater, known as the Water Stage. In 2007, following a renovation of the stage, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park relocated to the Myriad Gardens. The Myriad Gardens will undergo a massive renovation in conjunction with the recently built Devon Tower directly north of it. Question: Who designed the bridge? Answer: I. M. Pei Question: What is the name of the amphitheater located inside the Botanical Gardens? Answer: Water Stage
Context: The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—"Messianic Jews"). Question: Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what? Answer: Messiah Question: What village did Jesus come from? Answer: Galilean village Question: Where was the Galilean village? Answer: Nazareth Question: Where is Nazareth located? Answer: northern Israel Question: Who does Judaism accept as the Messiah? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for Christian in the Galilean village? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which religion agrees that Jesus is the Messiah? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which religion does not accept Yehudim as the Messiah? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which religion does not accept Notzri as the Messiah? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language.[citation needed] Researchers at the International Auxiliary Language Association extracted words and affixes that they considered to be part of Interlingua's vocabulary. In theory, speakers of the Western languages would understand written or spoken Interlingua immediately, without prior study, since their own languages were its dialects. This has often turned out to be true, especially, but not solely, for speakers of the Romance languages and educated speakers of English. Interlingua has also been found to assist in the learning of other languages. In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand. It should be noted, however, that the vocabulary of Interlingua extends beyond the Western language families. Question: What language could all Western languages be considered dialects of? Answer: Interlingua Question: Researchers at what organization study and develop Interlingua? Answer: International Auxiliary Language Association Question: What was the nationality of high school students who learned Interlingua in a notable linguistic experiment? Answer: Swedish Question: Along with Italian and Spanish, what language could Swedish Interlingua learners translate? Answer: Portuguese Question: Along with Standard Average European, from what concept was Interlingua derived? Answer: the international scientific vocabulary Question: Which language was developed to aid Eastern civilization languages in acting as dialects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the language that was created to help Western languages act as English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has Interlingua been found to be a detriment to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to one study, students learning Spanish were able to translate passages from which languages that other students could not? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which languages' vocabulary does not reach beyond the Western family of languages? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process. Question: What was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called? Answer: Chicago Pile-1 Question: On what date was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially? Answer: 2 December 1942 Question: What project was Fermi working for? Answer: Manhattan Question: On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created? Answer: University of Chicago Question: How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1? Answer: 53 Question: What was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What project wasn't Fermi working for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-11 created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-21? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As of the 2000 United States census, there were 276,093 persons (July 2008 estimate was 380,173) and 61,371 families residing in Raleigh. The population density was 2,409.2 people per square mile (930.2/km²). There were 120,699 housing units at an average density of 1,053.2 per square mile (406.7/km²). The racial composition of the city was: 63.31% White, 27.80% Black or African American, 7.01% Hispanic or Latino American, 3.38% Asian American, 0.36% Native American, 0.04% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 3.24% some other race, and 1.88% two or more races. Question: How many families lived in Raleigh in 2000? Answer: 61,371 Question: What is the population density of Raleigh? Answer: 2,409.2 people per square mile Question: How many housing units were in Raleigh? Answer: 120,699 housing Question: What percentage of people in Raleigh are white? Answer: 63.31% Question: How many Native Hawaiian are in Raleigh? Answer: 0.04% Question: How many families moved out of Raleigh in 2000? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many housing units were destroyed in Raleigh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Native Americans left Raleigh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage are three or more races? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the June 2008 estimated population? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: North Carolina Museum of Art, occupying a large suburban campus on Blue Ridge Road near the North Carolina State Fairgrounds, maintains one of the premier public art collections located between Washington, D.C., and Atlanta. In addition to its extensive collections of American Art, European Art and ancient art, the museum recently has hosted major exhibitions featuring Auguste Rodin (in 2000) and Claude Monet (in 2006-07), each attracting more than 200,000 visitors. Unlike most prominent public museums, the North Carolina Museum of Art acquired a large number of the works in its permanent collection through purchases with public funds. The museum's outdoor park is one of the largest such art parks in the country. The museum facility underwent a major expansion which greatly expanded the exhibit space that was completed in 2010. The 127,000 sf new expansion is designed by NYC architect Thomas Phifer and Partners. Question: What is the North Carolina Museum of Art near? Answer: North Carolina State Fairgrounds Question: What type of art is in the Museum of Art? Answer: American Art, European Art and ancient art, Question: When was the Auguste Rodine exhibit? Answer: 2000 Question: How many people attended the Monet exhibit? Answer: 200,000 Question: How did the museum get the artworks they have? Answer: public funds Question: What is the North Carolina Museum of Art far away from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What exhibit was in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people attended the da Vinci exhibit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the exhibit closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What architect from Missouri completed the museum? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state. Victoria felt "sick at heart" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; "It really makes me shudder", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, "when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one." Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Kaiser. Question: Who did Victorias eldest daughter marry? Answer: Prince Frederick William of Prussia Question: Where did Victoria's oldest daughter get married? Answer: London Question: How old was Princess Victoria when she agreed to marry the Prince? Answer: 14 Question: How old was Princess Victoria when she was married? Answer: 17 Question: Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married? Answer: Germany Question: Who did Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17? Answer: Prince Frederick William of Prussia Question: How old was Princess Victoria when she became engaged to Prince Frederick? Answer: 14 Question: Where did Princess Victoria and her husband leave for after their marriage? Answer: Germany Question: What was the name of Queen Victoria's first grandchild? Answer: Wilhelm Question: What position did Wilhelm later hold in Germany? Answer: last German Kaiser Question: When was Victoria's oldest daughter married? Answer: Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt Question: How old was Victoria's oldest daughter when she was amrried? Answer: 17 Question: What did Queen Victoria hope for the marriage between her daughter and Prince Frederick William? Answer: liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state Question: Who was the Queen's first grandchild? Answer: Wilhelm Question: What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria? Answer: the last German Kaiser Question: Who did Victorias youngest daughter marry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Victoria's youngest daughter get married? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was Princess Victoria when she agreed to divorce the Prince? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was Princess Victoria when she wasn't married? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who didn't Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many other databases have application software that accesses the database on behalf of end-users, without exposing the DBMS interface directly. Application programmers may use a wire protocol directly, or more likely through an application programming interface. Database designers and database administrators interact with the DBMS through dedicated interfaces to build and maintain the applications' databases, and thus need some more knowledge and understanding about how DBMSs operate and the DBMSs' external interfaces and tuning parameters. Question: How are many databases accessed? Answer: application software Question: How do administrators work with the DBMS? Answer: through dedicated interfaces Question: What is a way for programmers to use the DBMS? Answer: wire protocol Question: How are no databases accessed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do administrators no longer work with the DBMS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a way for programmers to avoid DBMS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not typically allowed to interact with a DBMS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who needs less knowledge and understanding about how DBMSs operate? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: For example, The London Review of 1861 (Telford and Barber, unsigned) in reviewing several works by Rawlinson, Layard and others, defined themselves as making: Question: When was the London Review? Answer: 1861 Question: Rawlinson, Layard and others were reviewed in what? Answer: The London Review of 1861 Question: Who wrote The London Review of 1861? Answer: (Telford and Barber
Context: Mon, who form 2% of the population, are ethno-linguistically related to the Khmer. Overseas Indians are 2%. The remainder are Kachin, Chin, Rohingya, Anglo-Indians, Gurkha, Nepali and other ethnic minorities. Included in this group are the Anglo-Burmese. Once forming a large and influential community, the Anglo-Burmese left the country in steady streams from 1958 onwards, principally to Australia and the UK. It is estimated that 52,000 Anglo-Burmese remain in Myanmar. As of 2009[update], 110,000 Burmese refugees were living in refugee camps in Thailand. Question: What percentage of people in Burma are related by linguistically lines to the Khmer. Answer: 2% of the population, are ethno-linguistically related to the Khmer Question: Which community previously held a persuasive authority on the Burmese population? Answer: Anglo-Burmese Question: When did a mass migration of the community that previously held a persuasive authority on the Burmese population start? Answer: 1958 onwards Question: Where did the majority of these people end up after Burma ? Answer: principally to Australia and the UK
Context: Later, von Neumann suggested a new method of linear programming, using the homogeneous linear system of Gordan (1873), which was later popularized by Karmarkar's algorithm. Von Neumann's method used a pivoting algorithm between simplices, with the pivoting decision determined by a nonnegative least squares subproblem with a convexity constraint (projecting the zero-vector onto the convex hull of the active simplex). Von Neumann's algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming. Question: What was the new method of linear programming that von Neumann suggested? Answer: homogeneous linear system of Gordan Question: What did von Neuman's method use? Answer: pivoting algorithm between simplices Question: What was von Neumann's method known to be the first of? Answer: algorithm was the first interior point method of linear programming.
Context: By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas. Question: What commodity was Houston known for in 1860? Answer: cotton Question: What type of roads converged in Houston? Answer: rail lines Question: Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters? Answer: General John Bankhead Magruder Question: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ? Answer: Battle of Galveston Question: What was Houston known for by 1890? Answer: railroad center of Texas Question: What commodity was Houston not known for in 1860? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of roads didn't converge in Houston? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which WWII general used Houston as a headquarters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what war was Houston used as an organization point ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Houston known for by 1810? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme Court, including by the U.S. government, have argued that some state constitutional amendments relating to the modern conception of separation of church and state (Blaine Amendments) were motivated by and intended to enact anti-Catholicism. Question: What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's untethered to? Answer: anything in the text of the constitution Question: What is the profession of Philip Hamburger? Answer: professor Question: What school is Philip Hamburger associated with? Answer: Columbia Law school Question: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is rooted in? Answer: American anti-Catholicism Question: What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state known as? Answer: Blaine Amendments Question: What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's tethered to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the profession of Philip Hamburger? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What school is Philip Hamburger disassociated with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is not rooted in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state never known as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. However, the term 'proton' is sometimes used loosely and metaphorically to refer to positively charged or cationic hydrogen attached to other species in this fashion, and as such is denoted "H+" without any implication that any single protons exist freely as a species. Question: What is another term for a bare proton? Answer: H+
Context: The greatest number of surviving Gothic buildings are churches. These range from tiny chapels to large cathedrals, and although many have been extended and altered in different styles, a large number remain either substantially intact or sympathetically restored, demonstrating the form, character and decoration of Gothic architecture. The Gothic style is most particularly associated with the great cathedrals of Northern France, the Low Countries, England and Spain, with other fine examples occurring across Europe. Question: What type of structures remaining today have the largest amount of examples of the Gothic style? Answer: churches Question: What is one region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with? Answer: Northern France Question: What is another region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with? Answer: the Low Countries Question: What is one country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with? Answer: England Question: What is another country with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with? Answer: Spain Question: What type of structures remaining today have the only examples of the Gothic style? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one region with which the Gothic style is distinctly forbidden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country no longer has examples of Gothic buildings? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. Question: Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country? Answer: 0.5 Question: On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located? Answer: Africa Question: What is Gabon's ranking? Answer: 119th Question: What is South Africa's ranking? Answer: 121st Question: What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? Answer: Gabon and South Africa Question: Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "high development" country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On which continent are all 23 of the low development countries located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Pabon's ranking? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is North Africa's ranking? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist. Question: What aspects of buildings did science and engineering have an effect on? Answer: proportions and structure Question: Who still could handle the structural calculations for designing at that time? Answer: generalist Question: What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aspects of buildings did science not have an effect on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who still couldn't handle the structural calculations for designing at that time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling causes them to question the beliefs with which they have been raised, which for many children is what the novel does. McWhorter writes of Lee, "for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual—by its very existence an act of protest."[note 4] Author James McBride calls Lee brilliant but stops short of calling her brave: "I think by calling Harper Lee brave you kind of absolve yourself of your own racism ... She certainly set the standards in terms of how these issues need to be discussed, but in many ways I feel ... the moral bar's been lowered. And that's really distressing. We need a thousand Atticus Finches." McBride, however, defends the book's sentimentality, and the way Lee approaches the story with "honesty and integrity". Question: According to Diane McWhorter, every child in the South had to face what? Answer: the harsh reality of inequality Question: McWhorter wrote that the existance of the book was what? Answer: an act of protest
Context: A. A. Luce and John Foster are other subjectivists. Luce, in Sense without Matter (1954), attempts to bring Berkeley up to date by modernizing his vocabulary and putting the issues he faced in modern terms, and treats the Biblical account of matter and the psychology of perception and nature. Foster's The Case for Idealism argues that the physical world is the logical creation of natural, non-logical constraints on human sense-experience. Foster's latest defense of his views is in his book A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism. Question: What sort of thinkers were Foster and Luce? Answer: subjectivists Question: What book was written by A.A. Luce? Answer: Sense without Matter Question: What year saw the publication of Sense without Matter? Answer: 1954 Question: Who wrote A World for Us: The Case for Phenomenalistic Idealism? Answer: Foster Question: Whose work is Sense without Matter regarded as updating? Answer: Berkeley Question: When was The Case for Idealism published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Berkeley write in 1954? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aspect of Berkeley's writing did Foster modernize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Foster publish after A World For Us? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose work does Foster update? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments and water spill is easily attributable in terms of the trajectory of the cup, irregularities in its structure, angle of its impact on the floor, etc. However, applying the same event in reverse, it is difficult to explain why the various pieces of the cup should fly up into the human hand and reassemble precisely into the shape of a cup, or why the water should position itself entirely within the cup. The causes of the resultant structure and shape of the cup and the encapsulation of the water by the hand within the cup are not easily attributable, as neither hand nor floor can achieve such formations of the cup or water. This asymmetry is perceivable on account of two features: i) the relationship between the agent capacities of the human hand (i.e., what it is and is not capable of and what it is for) and non-animal agency (i.e., what floors are and are not capable of and what they are for) and ii) that the pieces of cup came to possess exactly the nature and number of those of a cup before assembling. In short, such asymmetry is attributable to the relationship between temporal direction on the one hand and the implications of form and functional capacity on the other. Question: How can asymmetry of causation be observed? Answer: in a non-arbitrary way Question: How many features of asymmetry in the cup example can be viewed? Answer: two Question: Asymmetry is attributable to a relation of what kind of direction? Answer: temporal Question: What else, besides direction, is asymmetry attributable to? Answer: implications of form and functional capacity Question: What can be observed in an arbitrary way? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many examples of symetry can be observed in the cup example? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Symmetry is atributable to a ralationship of what kind of direction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What else besides direction is symmetry attributed to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: Question: Who describes an experiment with swallows? Answer: Bewick Question: Where did this experiment take place? Answer: Britain Question: How did the experiment succeed? Answer: they remained warm and dry through the winters Question: How long did the birds stay alive? Answer: several years
Context: The origins of the szlachta are shrouded in obscurity and mystery and have been the subject of a variety of theories.:207 Traditionally, its members were owners of landed property, often in the form of "manor farms" or so-called folwarks. The nobility negotiated substantial and increasing political and legal privileges for itself throughout its entire history until the decline of the Polish Commonwealth in the late 18th century. Question: What is another name for folwarks? Answer: manor farms Question: Were the szlachta obscure and mysterious or obvious and proud. Answer: obscurity and mystery Question: Around what time was the decline of the polish common wealth. Answer: late 18th century Question: WHat did the commonwealth increase before it declined. Answer: political and legal privileges
Context: Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertainty as to estimates of sea level change relative to the islands of Tuvalu was reflected in the conclusions made in 2002 from the available data. The 2011 report of the Pacific Climate Change Science Program published by the Australian Government, concludes: "The sea-level rise near Tuvalu measured by satellite altimeters since 1993 is about 5 mm (0.2 in) per year." Question: What subject is arguable concerning Tuvalu? Answer: sea level Question: What was the amount of sea level change on Tuvalu estimated by the 2011 report? Answer: 5 mm Question: What device was used to produce the measurements of sea level change on Tuvalu? Answer: satellite Question: Prior to what year were the reports used to assess sea level rise? Answer: pre-1993 Question: What is assumed about the sea level reports and records of Tuvalu? Answer: degree of uncertainty
Context: Genetics compression algorithms are the latest generation of lossless algorithms that compress data (typically sequences of nucleotides) using both conventional compression algorithms and genetic algorithms adapted to the specific datatype. In 2012, a team of scientists from Johns Hopkins University published a genetic compression algorithm that does not use a reference genome for compression. HAPZIPPER was tailored for HapMap data and achieves over 20-fold compression (95% reduction in file size), providing 2- to 4-fold better compression and in much faster time than the leading general-purpose compression utilities. For this, Chanda, Elhaik, and Bader introduced MAF based encoding (MAFE), which reduces the heterogeneity of the dataset by sorting SNPs by their minor allele frequency, thus homogenizing the dataset. Other algorithms in 2009 and 2013 (DNAZip and GenomeZip) have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold—allowing 6 billion basepair diploid human genomes to be stored in 2.5 megabytes (relative to a reference genome or averaged over many genomes). Question: What are the latest generation of lossless algorithms? Answer: Genetics Question: What encoding reduces the heterogeneity of a dataset by sorting SNPs? Answer: MAFE Question: What two algorithms have compression ratios of up to 1200-fold? Answer: DNAZip and GenomeZip Question: What are the latest generation of DNAZip and GEnomeZip? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What encoding reduces the heterogenelty of a dataset by sorting megabytes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two algorithms have allele frequency of up to 1200-fold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What provides 2- to 4- fold better heterogenelty than the leading gemeral-purpose compression utilities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who published a genetic compression algorithm that does not use diploids? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cities not served by road, sea, or river can be reached only by air, foot, dogsled, or snowmachine, accounting for Alaska's extremely well developed bush air services—an Alaskan novelty. Anchorage and, to a lesser extent Fairbanks, is served by many major airlines. Because of limited highway access, air travel remains the most efficient form of transportation in and out of the state. Anchorage recently completed extensive remodeling and construction at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport to help accommodate the upsurge in tourism (in 2012-2013, Alaska received almost 2 million visitors). Question: Which two cities are served by major airlines? Answer: Anchorage and, to a lesser extent Fairbanks Question: What is the most efficient means of transportation into and out of Alaska? Answer: air travel Question: How many visitors came to Alaska between 2012-2013? Answer: almost 2 million Question: Which three cities are served by major airlines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two cities are unserved by major airlines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two cities are served by minor airlines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most inefficient means of transportation into and out of Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many visitors came to Alaska between 2012-2014? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy. All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architecture. Question: The New Delhi town plan was chosen primarily to symbolize what? Answer: British power and supremacy Question: The New Delhi town plan was influenced by what type of architecture? Answer: Hindu and Islamic Question: What town plan was chosen with the chief consideration of displaying British power and superiority? Answer: The New Delhi town plan Question: What is one type of architecture that heavily influenced the New Delhi town plan? Answer: Hindu
Context: The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a "chevet". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral. Question: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery? Answer: The eastern arm Question: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to? Answer: the Virgin Mary Question: What shape does the eastern end often exhibit in France? Answer: polygonal Question: What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as? Answer: chevet Question: In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what? Answer: the sanctuary Question: Which arm in England would generally show no distinct sections? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a projecting Lady Chapel meant to harm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What shape does the eastern end rarely exhibit in France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the sphere of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Rookie Starlin Castro debuted in early May (2010) as the starting shortstop. However, the club played poorly in the early season, finding themselves 10 games under .500 at the end of June. In addition, long-time ace Carlos Zambrano was pulled from a game against the White Sox on June 25 after a tirade and shoving match with Derrek Lee, and was suspended indefinitely by Jim Hendry, who called the conduct "unacceptable." On August 22, Lou Piniella, who had already announced his retirement at the end of the season, announced that he would leave the Cubs prematurely to take care of his sick mother. Mike Quade took over as the interim manager for the final 37 games of the year. Despite being well out of playoff contention the Cubs went 24–13 under Quade, the best record in baseball during that 37 game stretch, earning Quade to have the interim tag removed on October 19. Question: Who debuted as the starting shortstop in early May 2010? Answer: Starlin Castro Question: When did Starlin Castro debut as the starting shortstop? Answer: early May (2010) Question: Who announced on August 22nd they were leaving the Cubs prematurely? Answer: Lou Piniella Question: Why did Lou Piniella leave the cubs prematurely? Answer: take care of his sick mother
Context: At the end of the Balkan Wars, the extent of Greece's territory and population had increased. In the following years, the struggle between King Constantine I and charismatic Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the country's foreign policy on the eve of World War I dominated the country's political scene, and divided the country into two opposing groups. During parts of the First World War, Greece had two governments; a royalist pro-German government in Athens and a Venizelist pro-Britain one in Thessaloniki. The two governments were united in 1917, when Greece officially entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente. Question: What divided Greece into two political groups? Answer: the country's foreign policy Question: How many governments did Greece have in World War 1? Answer: two Question: When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight? Answer: the Triple Entente Question: Greece's multiple governments came together in what year? Answer: 1917
Context: Despite its initial opposition to the closures, until 1997, the newspaper repeatedly called for the implementation of further Thatcherite policies, such as Royal Mail privatisation,[verification needed] and social security cutbacks, with leaders such as "Peter Lilley is right, we can't carry on like this",[verification needed] The paper showed hostility to the EU and approval of public spending cuts, tax cuts, and promotion of right-wing ministers to the cabinet, with leaders such as "More of the Redwood, not Deadwood". Question: What types of policies did The Sun support? Answer: Thatcherite policies Question: What is an example of a Thatcherite policy? Answer: Royal Mail privatisation Question: What was The Sun's stance toward the EU? Answer: The paper showed hostility Question: What's another thing the paper showed hostility to? Answer: promotion of right-wing ministers to the cabinet Question: What was The Sun's initial stance toward the closures? Answer: opposition
Context: The rugby union team The Rock is the Eastern Canadian entry in the Americas Rugby Championship. The Rock play their home games at Swilers Rugby Park, as did the Rugby Canada Super League champions for 2005 and 2006, the Newfoundland Rock. The city hosted a Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Canada and the USA on 12 August 2006, where the Canadians heavily defeated the USA 56–7 to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals in France. The 2007 age-grade Rugby Canada National Championship Festival was held in the city. Question: Where do The Rock play their home games at? Answer: Swilers Rugby Park Question: Who won the the Rugby Canada Super League championship in 2005? Answer: Newfoundland Rock Question: In what country was the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals? Answer: France Question: In what year did Canada beat USA 56–7 in a Rugby World Cup qualifying match? Answer: 2006 Question: In what year did France host the Rugby World Cup finals? Answer: 2007 Question: What did the Rock loose in 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who hosted the qualifying match between Canada and Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What finals were held in St. Johns in 2007? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Old Dutch naturally evolved into Middle Dutch. The year 1150 is often cited as the time of the discontinuity, but it actually marks a time of profuse Dutch writing and during this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed. There was at that time no overarching standard language; Middle Dutch is rather a collective name for a number of closely related dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. But they were all mutually intelligible. In fact, since Dutch is a rather conservative language, the various literary works of that time today are often very readable for modern-day speakers. Question: What language did Middle Dutch come from? Answer: Old Dutch Question: What year do some researchers say marked the point when Old Dutch morphed? Answer: 1150 Question: Rather than a single language, what group sharing origins in Old Dutch does the term "Middle Dutch" refer to? Answer: closely related dialects Question: Would a text written in Middle Dutch be readable or unintelligible for a Dutch speaker today? Answer: readable
Context: In 2008, following the death of West's mother, the foundation was rechristened "The Dr. Donda West Foundation." The foundation ceased operations in 2011. Question: What was the Kanye West Foundation renamed to in 2008? Answer: The Dr. Donda West Foundation Question: What year did the foundation end its run? Answer: 2011 Question: In what year did Kanye West's mother pass away? Answer: 2008 Question: Kanye's foundation was changed to what name following his mother's death? Answer: The Dr. Donda West Foundation Question: What year did the foundation stop operating? Answer: 2008
Context: Teenager Sanjaya Malakar was the season's most talked-about contestant for his unusual hairdo, and for managing to survive elimination for many weeks due in part to the weblog Vote for the Worst and satellite radio personality Howard Stern, who both encouraged fans to vote for him. However, on April 18, Sanjaya was voted off. Question: Who was the most discussed singer in American Idols sixth season? Answer: Sanjaya Malakar Question: What celebrity asked his fans to vote for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol? Answer: Howard Stern Question: What is the name of the blog that tried to rally votes for Sanjaya Malakar on American Idol? Answer: Vote for the Worst Question: What date was Sanjaya Malakar eliminated on American Idol? Answer: April 18 Question: What season six American Idol contestant was known for his strange hairstyles? Answer: Sanjaya Malakar Question: Which contestant was talked about more than any other this season? Answer: Sanjaya Malakar Question: What was the main reason Sanjaya garnered such attention? Answer: hair Question: Which weblog helped Sanjaya survive elimination week over and over again? Answer: Vote for the Worst Question: Which shock jock urged people to vote for Sanjaya? Answer: Howard Stern Question: When was Sanjaya eliminated? Answer: April 18
Context: The value judgement definition of literature considers it to exclusively include writing that possesses high quality or distinction, forming part of the so-called belles-lettres ('fine writing') tradition. This is the definition used in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–11) when it classifies literature as "the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing." However, this has the result that there is no objective definition of what constitutes "literature"; anything can be literature, and anything which is universally regarded as literature has the potential to be excluded, since value-judgements can change over time. Question: What is the main component of the qualitative judgment definition of literature? Answer: writing that possesses high quality or distinction Question: What French term for value-based literature literally translates as "fine writing?" Answer: belles-lettres Question: Encyclopedia Britannica defined literature in its 1911 editions how? Answer: "the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing." Question: What effect does the evolving definition of literature have? Answer: anything which is universally regarded as literature has the potential to be excluded Question: What is the meaning of the Spanish term, "belles-lettres?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does the Encyclopedia Britannia Tenth Edition classify literature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Value-decisions can do what over time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What years does the Encyclopedia Brittanica Tenth Edition cover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What forms part of the so-called belles-lettres law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Italian term means "fine writing?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does the 1901 Encyclopedia Britannica define "literature?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what way can value-judgments not change? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which edition of the World Book Encyclopedia uses the value judgment definition of "literature?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the definition of value judgement first used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What tradition does the value judgement definition form all of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the Eleventh Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica written? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How often do value-judgments change? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed] Question: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau? Answer: The Compacts of Free Association Question: What is the benefit of the Compacts of Free Association? Answer: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories) Question: What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association? Answer: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement Question: Which Pacific Island is closest to the Republic of the Marshall Islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From which Pacific Island nation does Gaum gain the most population? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From which Pacific Island country does Guam gain the least population? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Federated States of Micronesia has more citizens from which Pacific Island nation over any other? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Pacific Islands culture is most culturally similar to Guam? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells. Question: Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available? Answer: areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation Question: What is the process called that can increase solar energy in areas further away from the earth's equator? Answer: photovoltaics Question: Why does time have an effect of the amount of available solar energy? Answer: during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb Question: What effect does cloud coverage have on the amount of solar energy available? Answer: clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells
Context: In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations. Question: What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to make up for the loss of United States funding for the UNFPA? Answer: America Question: What kind of organization is Friends of UNFPA? Answer: nonprofit Question: What was Friends of UNFPA's previous name? Answer: Americans for UNFPA Question: What type of United States funding does Friends of UNFPA try to replace? Answer: federal funding Question: Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money? Answer: private donations Question: What is one country in which nonprofit organizations try to increase the loss of funding for the UNFPA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of organization is not friends of UNFPA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organization is mainly funded through public donations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country has never been involved with UNFPA? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD. It is not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status, however; it encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category. Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org, so one can find organizations of all sorts in either of these domains, as well as other top-level domains including newer, more specific ones which may apply to particular sorts of organizations such as .museum for museums or .coop for cooperatives. Organizations might also register by the appropriate country code top-level domain for their country. Question: What does .org on a URL mean? Answer: organizations that didn't fit anywhere else Question: Are only NPOs allowed to use .org? Answer: not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status Question: What is included in the list of organizations allowed to use .org? Answer: encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category Question: Is there an agency that decides if someone is using the domain designation incorrectly? Answer: Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org Question: What new domain designation should a museum use? Answer: .museum Question: What does tld in a URL mean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group is .org designated specifically for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other groups fit into the domain tld? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What restrictions are there enforced on tld? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can governments register by in their country? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some możni (Magnates) descending from past tribal dynasties regarded themselves as co-proprietors of Piast realms, even though the Piasts attempted to deprive them of their independence. These możni (Magnates) constantly sought to undermine princely authority.:75, 76 In Gall Anonym's chronicle, there is noted the nobility's alarm when the Palatine Sieciech "elevated those of a lower class over those who were noble born" entrusting them with state offices. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 149) Question: What did some Mozni regard themselves with? Answer: co-proprietors of Piast realms Question: What did the magnates do to the Piasts realms? Answer: attempted to deprive them of their independence Question: Who constantly sought to undermine princely authority? Answer: możni
Context: The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities. After the 10th century, Persian language, alongside Arabic, was used for the scientific, philosophical, historical, musical, and medical works, whereas the important Iranian writers, such as Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb od Din Shirazi, and Biruni, had major contributions in the scientific writing. Question: What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked? Answer: the Islamic Golden Age Question: When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith? Answer: by the 10th and 11th centuries Question: Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age? Answer: Iran Question: Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing? Answer: scientific writing
Context: Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number of industrial and construction processes. Question: What is a source for the particles in paper? Answer: wood Question: What is a common use for paper? Answer: writing Question: What is the last step in paper production? Answer: drying Question: What is a thick material produced by pressing cellulose fibers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what type of fibers are rags made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What fails to be a versatile material and has few uses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is writing produced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a source for the non-particles in paper? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an uncommon use for paper? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the last step in wood production? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Milton Friedman created the concept of monetarism. Monetarism focuses on using the supply and demand of money as a method for controlling economic activity. In the 1970s, monetarism has adapted into supply-side economics which advocates reducing taxes as a means to increase the amount of money available for economic expansion. Question: What did John Maynard Keynes want to separate? Answer: microeconomics and macroeconomics Question: What concept did Milton Friedman propose after World War II? Answer: monetarism Question: How did monaterism aim to control the economy? Answer: using the supply and demand of money Question: In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into? Answer: supply-side economics Question: How did supply-side economics try to increase the amount of money in the market? Answer: reducing taxes
Context: Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy. Question: What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall not exist"? Answer: Puerto Rico's Question: What US state prohibits the death penalty in its constitution? Answer: Michigan Question: How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty? Answer: eleven Question: Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses still be committed in Puerto Rico? Answer: federal Question: What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall definitely exist"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What US state allows the death penalty in its constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many UK towns have passed laws outlawing the death penalty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses never be committed in Puerto Rico? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to make distinctions among fuzzy sets of traits, others in the scientific community suggest that the idea of race often is used in a naive or simplistic way,[page needed] and argue that, among humans, race has no taxonomic significance by pointing out that all living humans belong to the same species, Homo sapiens, and subspecies, Homo sapiens sapiens. Question: What do all living humans belong to? Answer: the same species Question: What species are all humans? Answer: Homo sapiens Question: Race has no taxonomic significance among whom? Answer: humans Question: What set of traits do some scientists use race to make distinctions among? Answer: fuzzy Question: How do scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race? Answer: in widely differing ways
Context: Another format, rhythmic AC, in addition to playing all the popular hot and soft AC music, past and present, places a heavy emphasis on disco as well as 1980s and 1990s dance hits, such as those by Amber, C&C Music Factory and Black Box, and includes dance remixes of pop songs, such as the Soul Solution mix of Toni Braxton's "Unbreak My Heart". Question: Who performed the song "Unbreak My Heart"? Answer: Toni Braxton Question: What is the name of a notable dance artist along with C&C Music Factory and Black Box? Answer: Amber Question: What radio station format plays soft AC, hot AC, disco and dance? Answer: rhythmic AC Question: What artist notably remixed "Unbreak My Heart"? Answer: Soul Solution
Context: For "closed systems" with no external source or sink of energy, the first law of thermodynamics states that a system's energy is constant unless energy is transferred in or out by mechanical work or heat, and that no energy is lost in transfer. This means that it is impossible to create or destroy energy. While heat can always be fully converted into work in a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, for cyclic processes of practical interest in heat engines the second law of thermodynamics states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat. This creates a limit to the amount of heat energy that can do work in a cyclic process, a limit called the available energy. Mechanical and other forms of energy can be transformed in the other direction into thermal energy without such limitations. The total energy of a system can be calculated by adding up all forms of energy in the system. Question: How can the total energy of a system be calculated? Answer: by adding up all forms of energy in the system Question: The limit to the amount of heat energy that can do work in a cyclic process is known as what? Answer: available energy Question: What can be fully converted into work in a reversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas? Answer: heat Question: What states that the system doing work always loses some energy as waste heat? Answer: second law of thermodynamics Question: How can the partial energy of a system be calculated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The limit to the amount of cold energy that can do work in a cyclic process is known as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be fully converted into work in a reversible isothermal contraction of an ideal gas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What states that the system doing work always gains some energy as waste heat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What states for "open systems" with no external source or sink of energy,that a system's energy is constant unless energy is transferred in or out by mechanical work or heat Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Society in the Japanese "Tokugawa period" (Edo society), unlike the shogunates before it, was based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The daimyo, or lords, were at the top, followed by the warrior-caste of samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below. In some parts of the country, particularly smaller regions, daimyo and samurai were more or less identical, since daimyo might be trained as samurai, and samurai might act as local lords. Otherwise, the largely inflexible nature of this social stratification system unleashed disruptive forces over time. Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value. As a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time. This often led to numerous confrontations between noble but impoverished samurai and well-to-do peasants, ranging from simple local disturbances to much bigger rebellions. None, however, proved compelling enough to seriously challenge the established order until the arrival of foreign powers. Question: What was society based on during the Tukugawa period? Answer: strict class hierarchy Question: Strict class hierarchy was established by who? Answer: Toyotomi Hideyoshi Question: What group were considered to be at the top of the Strict Class Hierarchy? Answer: The daimyo, or lords Question: How were taxes charged during the Tukugawa period? Answer: set at fixed amounts Question: What effect did having taxes charged at a fixed amount have on it's revenue? Answer: tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time. Question: What is the Tokugawa period also known as? Answer: Edo society Question: What was society in the Tokugawa period based in? Answer: strict class hierarchy Question: What group was considered at the top of the Strict Class Society? Answer: The daimyo, or lords, Question: How were taxes charged in the Tokugawa period? Answer: set at fixed amounts Question: What effect did the way the taxes were charged have on it's revenue. Answer: revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time.
Context: The stemmatic method's final step is emendatio, also sometimes referred to as "conjectural emendation." But in fact, the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process. Some of the method's rules that are designed to reduce the exercise of editorial judgment do not necessarily produce the correct result. For example, where there are more than two witnesses at the same level of the tree, normally the critic will select the dominant reading. However, it may be no more than fortuitous that more witnesses have survived that present a particular reading. A plausible reading that occurs less often may, nevertheless, be the correct one. Question: What is the last step in the stemmatic method? Answer: emendatio Question: At what point can a critic using the stemmatic become less concerned with critical analysis? Answer: the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process Question: Why may the dominant reading may be the weaker reading? Answer: , it may be no more than fortuitous that more witnesses have survived that present a particular reading Question: What is the first step in the stemmatic method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What judgement produces the correct result? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which reading does the critic select when there are only two witnesses at the same tree? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A reading that occurs left often is always considered what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey. Question: What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey? Answer: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School Question: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school? Answer: the Pope Question: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a charity school? Answer: 1179 Question: The choirboys of the abbey are trained where? Answer: Westminster Abbey Choir School Question: What are also in the precincts of Eastminster Abbey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a vanity school? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a vanity school? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The altar boys of the abbey are trained where? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One of the primary elements of the culture of the Enlightenment was the rise of the public sphere, a "realm of communication marked by new arenas of debate, more open and accessible forms of urban public space and sociability, and an explosion of print culture," in the late 17th century and 18th century. Elements of the public sphere included: it was egalitarian, it discussed the domain of "common concern," and argument was founded on reason. Habermas uses the term "common concern" to describe those areas of political/social knowledge and discussion that were previously the exclusive territory of the state and religious authorities, now open to critical examination by the public sphere. The values of this bourgeois public sphere included holding reason to be supreme, considering everything to be open to criticism (the public sphere is critical), and the opposition of secrecy of all sorts. Question: How was the public sphere defined? Answer: realm of communication marked by new arenas of debate, more open and accessible forms of urban public space and sociability, and an explosion of print culture Question: During what centuries was the rise of the public sphere? Answer: late 17th century and 18th century Question: The argument of the public sphere was founded on what? Answer: reason Question: What term did Habermas give to describe the areas of political/social knowledge and discussion that were previously exlusive territory of the state and religious authorities? Answer: common concern Question: The values of the bourgeois public sphere included holding reason to the supreme, considering everything open to criticism, and the opposition of what? Answer: secrecy of all sorts
Context: The most popular sports played in Hyderabad are cricket and association football. At the professional level, the city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 National Games of India, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the 2004 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open women's tennis tournament, the 2007 Military World Games, the 2009 World Badminton Championships and the 2009 IBSF World Snooker Championship. The city hosts a number of venues suitable for professional competition such as the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex for field hockey, the G. M. C. Balayogi Stadium in Gachibowli for athletics and football, and for cricket, the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium and Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, home ground of the Hyderabad Cricket Association. Hyderabad has hosted many international cricket matches, including matches in the 1987 and the 1996 ICC Cricket World Cups. The Hyderabad cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy—a first-class cricket tournament among India's states and cities. Hyderabad is also home to the Indian Premier League franchise Sunrisers Hyderabad. A previous franchise was the Deccan Chargers, which won the 2009 Indian Premier League held in South Africa. Question: Two of the most popular sports played in Hyderabad include association football, what is the other? Answer: cricket Question: What two world championships were held in Hyderabad in 2009? Answer: the 2009 World Badminton Championships and the 2009 IBSF World Snooker Championship Question: What sport is played at the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex? Answer: field hockey Question: Where is the G.M.C. Balayohi Stadium located? Answer: Gachibowli Question: What is the home stadium of the Hyderabad cricket association? Answer: Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium
Context: The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages. However, this definition becomes problematic in the case of dialect continua, in which it may be the case that dialect B is mutually intelligible with both dialect A and dialect C but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible with each other. In this case the criterion of mutual intelligibility makes it impossible to decide whether A and C are dialects of the same language or not. Cases may also arise in which a speaker of dialect X can understand a speaker of dialect Y, but not vice versa; the mutual intelligibility criterion flounders here as well. Question: What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects? Answer: mutual intelligibility Question: What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible? Answer: dialect continua Question: What is the definition of mutual intelligibility? Answer: if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other Question: Which is the most uncommon and purely linguistic criterion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for two dialects of different languages that are intertwined? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What occurs when dialect A B and C are all mutual intelligible with another? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which is the most uncommon criterion for being a dialect of the same language? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Korean still uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian", though the Greek form Kurisudo 그리스도 has now replaced the old Sino-Korean Kidok, which refers to Christ himself. Question: What is the Korean word for Christian? Answer: 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do Question: Which term referred to Jesus himself? Answer: Sino-Korean Kidok Question: What is the modern term for Sino-Korean Kidok? Answer: Kurisudo 그리스도 Question: Which term refers to Greek himself? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which language no longer uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Korean form of Kurisudo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Greek form of Kidok-kyo-do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which term has been replaced by Sino-Korean Kidok? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 metres (590 ft) in some of Paris' peripheral quarters, yet for some of the city's more central quarters, even older building-height laws still remain in effect. The 210 metres (690 ft) Montparnasse tower was both Paris and France's tallest building until 1973, but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction. A new project for La Defense, called Hermitage Plaza, launched in 2009, proposes to build two towers, 85 and 86 stories or 320 metres high, which would be the tallest buildings in the European Union, just slightly shorter than the Eiffel Tower. They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project. Question: What is the current height limitation in Paris in central areas? Answer: 50 m Question: Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building? Answer: Montparnasse Question: What is the name of the project for La Defense called that has not yet been started? Answer: Hermitage Plaza Question: When was the Hermitage Plaza launched? Answer: 2009 Question: How many towers were planned to be built? Answer: two
Context: The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) has adopted the Book of Confessions, which reflects the inclusion of other Reformed confessions in addition to the Westminster Standards. These other documents include ancient creedal statements (the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed), 16th-century Reformed confessions (the Scots Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism, the Second Helvetic Confession), and 20th century documents (The Theological Declaration of Barmen, Confession of 1967 and A Brief Statement of Faith). Question: Which book has the Presbyterian church of America adopted? Answer: Book of Confessions Question: The Book of Confessions reflects the inclusion of another confession, what is it called? Answer: Westminster Standards Question: Which statements did these other documents include from the Westminster Standards? Answer: the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed Question: I what year was the The Theological Declaration of Barmen document created? Answer: 1967 Question: Which book has the Theological Declaration of Barmen adopted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which book has the Heidelberg Catechism adopted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which book has the Apostles' Creed adopted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which book has the Nicene Creed adopted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which book has the Second Helvetic Confession adopted? Answer: Unanswerable