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Context: In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories. IRENE will retrieve the information from a laterally modulated monaural grooved sound source without touching the medium itself, but cannot read vertically modulated information. This excludes grooved recordings such as cylinders and some radio transcriptions that feature a hill-and-dale format of recording, and stereophonic or quadraphonic grooved recordings, which utilize a combination of the two as well as supersonic encoding for quadraphonic.
Question: Who is Irene?
Answer: scanning machine for disc records
Question: Where was IRENE developed?
Answer: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories
Question: What is the primary use of IRENE?
Answer: retrieve the information
Question: Can IRENE read vertically modulated information?
Answer: cannot read vertically modulated information
Question: Does IRENE require the ability to touch the media?
Answer: without touching the medium |
Context: Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.
Question: What store did Parkson buy in 2011?
Answer: Centro Department Store
Question: Where did Centro open it's first store of 2014?
Answer: Medan
Question: Who did Lotte partner with?
Answer: Ciputra Group
Question: Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located?
Answer: Ciputra World Jakarta complex
Question: What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase?
Answer: Lotte Mart
Question: What store did Parkson sell in 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Centro open it's first store of 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who didn't Lotte partner with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where isn't the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Makro re-labeled as before it's purchase?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Quotient groups and subgroups together form a way of describing every group by its presentation: any group is the quotient of the free group over the generators of the group, quotiented by the subgroup of relations. The dihedral group D4, for example, can be generated by two elements r and f (for example, r = r1, the right rotation and f = fv the vertical (or any other) reflection), which means that every symmetry of the square is a finite composition of these two symmetries or their inverses. Together with the relations
Question: What groups can be combined to describe every group?
Answer: is the quotient of the free group over the generators of the group
Question: What group can be the quotient of the free group over the generators of the group?
Answer: any group
Question: What is a finite composition of two symmetries or their inverses?
Answer: every symmetry of the square
Question: What do quotient groups describe by themselves?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What presentation describes every group?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many elements does the dihedral group generate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What of a square is an infinite composition?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which two elements does D4 generate?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Of much greater importance is the division of the city into 62 barrios: neighbourhoods or wards. Many of the city's barrios—such as Sayago, Ituzaingó and Pocitos—were previously geographically separate settlements, later absorbed by the growth of the city. Others grew up around certain industrial sites, including the salt-curing works of Villa del Cerro and the tanneries in Nuevo París. Each barrio has its own identity, geographic location and socio-cultural activities. A neighbourhood of great significance is Ciudad Vieja, that was surrounded by a protective wall until 1829. This area contains most important buildings of the colonial era and early decades of independence.
Question: What had many of the city's barrios previously been?
Answer: geographically separate settlements
Question: What is a neighborhood of great significance?
Answer: Ciudad Vieja
Question: What surrounded the neighborhood of Ciudad Vieja?
Answer: a protective wall |
Context: However, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (except for the Basque Country and Navarre, which were recognized in the Spanish democratic constitution as charter territories drawing from historical reasons) and then distributed to the Autonomous Communities.
Question: How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy?
Answer: the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements.
Question: Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution?
Answer: Basque Country and Navarre
Question: Where are the main taxes taken?
Answer: Madrid
Question: How did they ignore the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to communism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which cities aren't recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Socialist Constitution?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where are the main taxes ignored?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Other supportive evidence includes: a ≥20% difference in peak expiratory flow rate on at least three days in a week for at least two weeks, a ≥20% improvement of peak flow following treatment with either salbutamol, inhaled corticosteroids or prednisone, or a ≥20% decrease in peak flow following exposure to a trigger. Testing peak expiratory flow is more variable than spirometry, however, and thus not recommended for routine diagnosis. It may be useful for daily self-monitoring in those with moderate to severe disease and for checking the effectiveness of new medications. It may also be helpful in guiding treatment in those with acute exacerbations.
Question: What is the rate that is used in most of the evidence?
Answer: ≥20%
Question: What is more variable than spirometry but not recommended?
Answer: . Testing peak expiratory flow
Question: What is not as stable as prednisone for a routine diagnosis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one instance when testing with prednisone is useful?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When may prednisone also be helpful in spirometry?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of a group think prednisone is helpful for treatment in acute cases?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of people in acute cases use salbutamol?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Compared to children, adolescents are more likely to question others' assertions, and less likely to accept facts as absolute truths. Through experience outside the family circle, they learn that rules they were taught as absolute are in fact relativistic. They begin to differentiate between rules instituted out of common sense—not touching a hot stove—and those that are based on culturally-relative standards (codes of etiquette, not dating until a certain age), a delineation that younger children do not make. This can lead to a period of questioning authority in all domains.
Question: Are children or adolescents more likely to question assertions and less likely to accept facts?
Answer: adolescents
Question: Is not dating until a certain age a common sense or culturally-relative standard?
Answer: culturally-relative
Question: Is refraining from touching a hot stoce a common sense or culturally-relative standard?
Answer: common sense |
Context: The definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal". The Council of Trent decreed: "If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema."
Question: Is it believed that Mary carried no transgression which would require blame ?
Answer: makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin
Question: How did the Church view Mary in regards to her personal sins ?
Answer: the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal
Question: What important announcement was made by the ecumenical council in regards to the decision on Mary ?
Answer: let him be anathema."
Question: What was the name of the ecumenical council that made the decision ?
Answer: The Council of Trent
Question: What this a definition say Mary was free from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who says Mary was only free from Original Sin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who said that all men were capable of avoiding all sins throughout their life?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who declared that God did not give Mary a special privilege?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The character of the seed coat bears a definite relation to that of the fruit. They protect the embryo and aid in dissemination; they may also directly promote germination. Among plants with indehiscent fruits, in general, the fruit provides protection for the embryo and secures dissemination. In this case, the seed coat is only slightly developed. If the fruit is dehiscent and the seed is exposed, in general, the seed-coat is well developed, and must discharge the functions otherwise executed by the fruit.
Question: The appearance of the seed coat bears a definite relation to that of what?
Answer: the fruit
Question: What does the seed coat protect?
Answer: embryo
Question: What does the fruit of the flower secure?
Answer: dissemination
Question: How developed is the seed coat when it's used for dissemination?
Answer: slightly
Question: What is the embryo character related to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do dehiscent fruits directly promote?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the exposed seed protect?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the embryo in an indehiscent fruit secure?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What must a indehiscent fruit do that is usually done by the fruit?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres (180 and 900 per million square miles) at these times. Many of the stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. An Orthodox church—Trinity Church, opened in 2004 at the Russian Bellingshausen Station—is manned year-round by one or two priests, who are similarly rotated every year.
Question: Who has research stations in Antarctica?
Answer: Several governments
Question: What is the span of population density per million square kilometers of researchers in Antarctica?
Answer: between 70 and 350
Question: About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica?
Answer: one-year
Question: What station has an Orthodox church representative?
Answer: Bellingshausen Station
Question: When did the Trinity Church begin its posting at Bellinshausen station?
Answer: 2004
Question: Who maintains perminent settlements on the continent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Antartcic Church closed in 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where are there 5,000 year round residents?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many people are conducting research on nearby islands in the winter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many people are conducting research on nearby islands in the summer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the population density of the surrounding islands?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did Trinity Orthodox open?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What station opened Trinity Orthodox?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records.
Question: What famous music producer became CEO of Epic Records?
Answer: L.A. Reid
Question: Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music?
Answer: Doug Morris
Question: In what year did he become the CEO of Sony Music?
Answer: 2011
Question: Who became the CEO of RCA Records?
Answer: Peter Edge
Question: What labels did RCA disband in 2011?
Answer: Arista, J Records and Jive Records
Question: Morris Doug became CEO in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Warner Music underwent a restructuring after whose arrival?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Under Morris, multiple artists from Jive did what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Edge Peter became the new CEO of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Arista closed down what group?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: He invited a Roman Catholic priest, Father Anselm Strittmatter, O.S.B., to visit him for consultation. Von Neumann reportedly said in explanation that Pascal had a point, referring to Pascal's Wager. Father Strittmatter administered the last sacraments to him. Some of von Neumann's friends (such as Abraham Pais and Oskar Morgenstern) said they had always believed him to be "completely agnostic." "Of this deathbed conversion, Morgenstern told Heims, "He was of course completely agnostic all his life, and then he suddenly turned Catholic—it doesn't agree with anything whatsoever in his attitude, outlook and thinking when he was healthy." Father Strittmatter recalled that von Neumann did not receive much peace or comfort from it, as he still remained terrified of death.
Question: Who administered the last sacrament to von Neumann?
Answer: Father Strittmatter
Question: Did the last sacrament ease von Neumann?
Answer: did not receive much peace or comfort from it, as he still remained terrified of death
Question: Was there conflict of faith and beliefs at the end of von NEumann's life?
Answer: he suddenly turned Catholic—it doesn't agree with anything whatsoever in his attitude, outlook and thinking when he was healthy
Question: What did Oskar Morgenstern feel about von Neumann's beliefs?
Answer: always believed him to be "completely agnostic." |
Context: The Majapahit Empire was an Indianised kingdom based in eastern Java from 1293 to around 1500. Its greatest ruler was Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked the empire's peak when it dominated other kingdoms in the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali. Various sources such as the Nagarakertagama also mention that its influence spanned over parts of Sulawesi, Maluku, and some areas of western New Guinea and the Philippines, making it the largest empire to ever exist in Southeast Asian history.
Question: Which Indianised kingdom was based in eastern java?
Answer: The Majapahit Empire
Question: Which ruler reigned between 1350 to 1389?
Answer: Hayam Wuruk
Question: How long did the Majapahit Empire last?
Answer: 1293 to around 1500
Question: How far did the Majapahit Empire's influence stretch?
Answer: parts of Sulawesi, Maluku, and some areas of western New Guinea and the Philippines
Question: What kingdom was established in 1500?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the Majapahit Empire based in 1293 BC?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ruler came to power in 1389?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When wa the Majapahit Empire dominated by other kingdoms?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the largest empire in Asian history?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Devolution issues under the Scotland Act 1998, Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
Question: The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom holds Supremacy in what jurisdictions?
Answer: England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland
Question: What is the high court in Scotland that has supremacy on criminal matters?
Answer: the High Court of Justiciary
Question: What legislation established the Supremacy of the Supreme Court of the UK?
Answer: Constitutional Reform Act 2005
Question: When did this act go into affect?
Answer: 1 October 2009
Question: What body previously had judicial supremacy in the UK prior to this?
Answer: House of Lords
Question: The Constitutional Reform Act of 2009 established what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What went into effect in 2005?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What issues were addressed under the Scotland Act of 1989?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the first judicial body in the United Kingdom?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is the Supreme court the ultimate court for criminal and judicial matters?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Holes through a PCB are typically drilled with small-diameter drill bits made of solid coated tungsten carbide. Coated tungsten carbide is recommended since many board materials are very abrasive and drilling must be high RPM and high feed to be cost effective. Drill bits must also remain sharp so as not to mar or tear the traces. Drilling with high-speed-steel is simply not feasible since the drill bits will dull quickly and thus tear the copper and ruin the boards. The drilling is performed by automated drilling machines with placement controlled by a drill tape or drill file. These computer-generated files are also called numerically controlled drill (NCD) files or "Excellon files". The drill file describes the location and size of each drilled hole.
Question: What kind of drill bit do you need to drill holes in a PCB?
Answer: coated tungsten carbide
Question: What kind of material sometimes used for drilling will lose sharpness quickly if used for PCBs?
Answer: high-speed-steel
Question: What property do PCBs have that makes them tough to drill through?
Answer: abrasive
Question: What does the "NCD" in "NCD files" mean?
Answer: numerically controlled drill
Question: What's another name for NCD files that has an "x" in it?
Answer: Excellon files
Question: Holes through a PBC are drilled how?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Drill bits must remain dull why?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Drilling with high-speed-steel is feasible why?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The dull file describes what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Drilling must be low RPM and high feed to be what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Jeffrey Long and Rick Kittles give a long critique of the application of FST to human populations in their 2003 paper "Human Genetic Diversity and the Nonexistence of Biological Races". They find that the figure of 85% is misleading because it implies that all human populations contain on average 85% of all genetic diversity. They claim that this does not correctly reflect human population history, because it treats all human groups as independent. A more realistic portrayal of the way human groups are related is to understand that some human groups are parental to other groups and that these groups represent paraphyletic groups to their descent groups. For example, under the recent African origin theory the human population in Africa is paraphyletic to all other human groups because it represents the ancestral group from which all non-African populations derive, but more than that, non-African groups only derive from a small non-representative sample of this African population. This means that all non-African groups are more closely related to each other and to some African groups (probably east Africans) than they are to others, and further that the migration out of Africa represented a genetic bottleneck, with much of the diversity that existed in Africa not being carried out of Africa by the emigrating groups. This view produces a version of human population movements that do not result in all human populations being independent; but rather, produces a series of dilutions of diversity the further from Africa any population lives, each founding event representing a genetic subset of its parental population. Long and Kittles find that rather than 85% of human genetic diversity existing in all human populations, about 100% of human diversity exists in a single African population, whereas only about 70% of human genetic diversity exists in a population derived from New Guinea. Long and Kittles argued that this still produces a global human population that is genetically homogeneous compared to other mammalian populations.
Question: What two researchers gave a long critique regarding the application of FST to human populations in 2003?
Answer: Jeffrey Long and Rick Kittles
Question: What do Long and Kittles think of the implication that human populations contain on average 85% of all genetic diversity?
Answer: misleading
Question: Non-African groups of human population may only drive from what type of sample of the African population?
Answer: non-representative
Question: What type of bottleneck did the migration out of Africa represent?
Answer: genetic
Question: How much human genetic diversity exists in a single African population?
Answer: 100% |
Context: One usage—the more common among linguists—refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect. According to this definition, any variety of a language constitutes "a dialect", including any standard varieties.
Question: What is the common definition of dialect?
Answer: a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers
Question: What is the term dialect most often applied to?
Answer: regional speech patterns
Question: Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect?
Answer: social class
Question: What is a term for a dialect particular to a social class?
Answer: sociolect
Question: What do you call a dialect particular to a certain ethnicity?
Answer: ethnolect
Question: What can a region that is associated with a particular social class be called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can a region that is associated with a particular ethnic group be called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can a ethnolect that is associated with a particular regional dialect be called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does any variety of a linguist constitute?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which use is least common among linguists?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, "What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzińska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, "My tragedy". Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.
Question: Who was the host of the gathering where Frédéric was introduced to George Sand?
Answer: Marie d'Agoult
Question: What did Frédéric label the place in which he placed Maria and her mother's letters about the unlikely marriage?
Answer: My tragedy
Question: Who did George Sand write to when admitting having a strong affection for Frédéric?
Answer: Grzymała
Question: What is the name of the author Chopin met at a gathering put on by Marie d'Agoult?
Answer: George Sand
Question: What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska?
Answer: his poor health
Question: What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother?
Answer: My tragedy
Question: Who hosted the party whre Chopin met George Sand?
Answer: Marie d'Agoult
Question: What year did Maria Wodzińska's mother tell Chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter?
Answer: 1837
Question: What did Chopin write on the package that contained letters from Maria and her mother?
Answer: My tragedy
Question: Who did Sand confide to in a letter about her feelings for Chopin in June, 1838?
Answer: Grzymała |
Context: Rescue efforts performed by the Chinese government were praised by western media, especially in comparison with Myanmar's blockage of foreign aid during Cyclone Nargis, as well as China's previous performance during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. China's openness during the media coverage of the Sichuan earthquake led a professor at the Peking University to say, “This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards”. Los Angeles Times praised China's media coverage of the quake of being "democratic".
Question: What did a professor at the Peking University say about the handling of the earthquake?
Answer: This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards
Question: What did Myanmar block after Cyclone Nargis?
Answer: foreign aid
Question: What did a Peking professor say about Chinese media coverage?
Answer: up to international standards
Question: Who praised Chinese media coverage as being democratic?
Answer: Los Angeles Times
Question: In which previous catastrophe not live up to international standards?
Answer: 1976 Tangshan earthquake |
Context: The introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the Minister for Education and the community college vested in the local Education and Training Board. Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model, but community schools have tended to be entirely new foundations.
Question: What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?
Answer: the denominational basis of the schools
Question: What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?
Answer: Community colleges
Question: What didn't the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the community school system add to the comprehensive school model?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the community school system remove from the uncomprehensive school model?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a term for a grouping of local schools that can exist independently?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a term for a grouping of global schools that cannot exist independently?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.
Question: Who controlled the country prior to 1984?
Answer: a revolutionary council
Question: When were the first multi-party elections held?
Answer: 1994
Question: What led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War?
Answer: An army uprising
Question: When was the president ousted?
Answer: June 1999
Question: Who was elected president in the 2000 election?
Answer: Kumba Ialá |
Context: The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whaling era, which lasted until 1966, the population of that island varied from over 1,000 in the summer (over 2,000 in some years) to some 200 in the winter. Most of the whalers were Norwegian, with an increasing proportion of Britons. The settlements included Grytviken, Leith Harbour, King Edward Point, Stromness, Husvik, Prince Olav Harbour, Ocean Harbour and Godthul. Managers and other senior officers of the whaling stations often lived together with their families. Among them was the founder of Grytviken, Captain Carl Anton Larsen, a prominent Norwegian whaler and explorer who, along with his family, adopted British citizenship in 1910.
Question: Where did the first semi-permanent residents of the Antarctic area live?
Answer: South Georgia
Question: What was the profession of the residents of South Georgia?
Answer: sealers
Question: In what year did the sealers start staying on South Georgia?
Answer: 1786
Question: What was the nationality of most whalers?
Answer: Norwegian
Question: When did explorer Carl Anton Larsen become a British citizen?
Answer: 1910
Question: Who were the first permenat residents of regions near Antarctica?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the first perminant settlment established on South Georgia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who settled South Georgia in 1966?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What settlements were established on Antarctica?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What British citizens established Grtviken on Antarctica?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who were the first permanent inhabitants of Antarctica?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What lasted until 1696?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the Norwegian settlements?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Captain Anon Carl Larsen found?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who adopted British citizenship in 1901?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Queen contributed music directly to the films Flash Gordon (1980), with "Flash" as the theme song, and Highlander (the original 1986 film), with "A Kind of Magic", "One Year of Love", "Who Wants to Live Forever", "Hammer to Fall", and the theme "Princes of the Universe", which was also used as the theme of the Highlander TV series (1992–1998). In the United States, "Bohemian Rhapsody" was re-released as a single in 1992 after appearing in the comedy film Wayne's World. The single subsequently reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 (with "The Show Must Go On" as the first track on the single) and helped rekindle the band's popularity in North America.
Question: Which 1980 movie contained song contributions from Queen?
Answer: Flash Gordon
Question: Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song?
Answer: Highlander
Question: In what year was Bohemian Rhapsody re-released in the US?
Answer: 1992
Question: How high did the 1992 Bohemian Rhapsody chart?
Answer: two |
Context: The primacy of the composer's written score has also led, today, to a relatively minor role played by improvisation in classical music, in sharp contrast to the practice of musicians who lived during the baroque, classical and romantic era. Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque and early romantic eras, yet lessened strongly during the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries. During the classical era, Mozart and Beethoven often improvised the cadenzas to their piano concertos (and thereby encouraged others to do so), but they also provided written cadenzas for use by other soloists. In opera, the practice of singing strictly by the score, i.e. come scritto, was famously propagated by soprano Maria Callas, who called this practice 'straitjacketing' and implied that it allows the intention of the composer to be understood better, especially during studying the music for the first time.
Question: When was improvisation in classical music performance common?
Answer: the Baroque and early romantic eras
Question: When did improvisation begin to lessened strongly?
Answer: the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries
Question: What part did Mozart and Beethoven often improvise?
Answer: the cadenzas to their piano concertos
Question: What is the name for the practice of singing strictly by the score in opera?
Answer: come scritto
Question: Who strongly supposed ome scritto?
Answer: soprano Maria Callas |
Context: The data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early divergence between North American and Central American plus South American populations. Hypotheses which posit that invasions subsequent to the Clovis culture overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas were ruled out.
Question: What does the data indicate about the population the individual was from?
Answer: directly ancestral
Question: What populations is the individual closely related to?
Answer: present North American Native American
Question: What type of divergence is implicated to have occurred between North American and South American populations?
Answer: early
Question: Theories that there were invasions which overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas have been what?
Answer: ruled out |
Context: Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area. If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one. (In 1849, for example, the Grand Lodge of New York split into two rival factions, each claiming to be the legitimate Grand Lodge. Other Grand Lodges had to choose between them until the schism was healed.) Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).
Question: What is Exclusive Jurisdiction?
Answer: only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area
Question: What happens if two Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area?
Answer: the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them
Question: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to share jurisdiction?
Answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived
Question: If two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to waive Exclusive Jurisdiction, who must the other Grand Lodges recognize?
Answer: recognise both
Question: What must other Grand Lodges do if two over-lapping Grand Lodges cannot agree to share the territory?
Answer: choose between them
Question: What concept only recognizes one Grand Lodge in a given geographical area?
Answer: Exclusive Jurisdiction
Question: In what year did the Grand Lodge of New York Split into two separate rival factions?
Answer: 1849
Question: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived?
Answer: when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction
Question: What is Excluded Jurisdiction?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happens if no Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to not share jurisdiction?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What concept only recognizes several Grand Lodges in a given geographical area?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did the Grand Lodge of New York Split into three separate rival factions?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.
Question: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?
Answer: Yugoslavia
Question: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?
Answer: 1967
Question: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?
Answer: 1967
Question: Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?
Answer: Tito
Question: In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes?
Answer: 1967 |
Context: There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.
Question: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?
Answer: 17
Question: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?
Answer: International Football Association Board (IFAB)
Question: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?
Answer: flexibility
Question: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
Answer: FIFA
Question: How many laws are excluded from the official Laws of the Game?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who avoids the Laws of the Game?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do broad terms in the laws help eliminate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who doesn't read the Laws of the Game?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many people follow the official Laws of the Game?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: When power is lost in a traction elevator system, all elevators will initially come to a halt. One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down. People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly. Once all cars have successfully returned, the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service. The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby. In order to help prevent entrapment, when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down.
Question: What sequence of events happens when the power shuts off in a traction elevator and the elevators all stop?
Answer: One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down
Question: What do any passengers experience at this point?
Answer: People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly
Question: After all cars go to the lobby, what is the next step?
Answer: the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service
Question: How are the selected cars then readied for passengers?
Answer: The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby
Question: What is a safety feature to prevent entrapment?
Answer: when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down |
Context: On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extravehicular activity (EVA), also known as a spacewalk, while keeping the cabin pressurized so that the capsule's electronics wouldn't overheat. Leonov performed the first-ever EVA as part of the mission. A fatality was narrowly avoided when Leonov's spacesuit expanded in the vacuum of space, preventing him from re-entering the airlock. In order to overcome this, he had to partially depressurize his spacesuit to a potentially dangerous level. He succeeded in safely re-entering the ship, but he and Belyayev faced further challenges when the spacecraft's atmospheric controls flooded the cabin with 45% pure oxygen, which had to be lowered to acceptable levels before re-entry. The reentry involved two more challenges: an improperly timed retrorocket firing caused the Voskhod 2 to land 386 kilometers (240 mi) off its designated target area, the town of Perm; and the instrument compartment's failure to detach from the descent apparatus caused the spacecraft to become unstable during reentry.
Question: The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?
Answer: March 18, 1965
Question: Who was the first person to take a spacewalk?
Answer: Alexey Leonov
Question: Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed?
Answer: Alexey Leonov |
Context: President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.
Question: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?
Answer: Mexico
Question: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?
Answer: 1935
Question: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?
Answer: Roosevelt
Question: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?
Answer: Mexican
Question: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?
Answer: white |
Context: According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum. David Lister in The Independent states that Lee's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more, and her silence "makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart". Despite her discouragement, a rising number of tourists made to Monroeville a destination, hoping to see Lee's inspiration for the book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic "Hell, no!"
Question: How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book?
Answer: like Scripture
Question: What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town?
Answer: Mockingbird groupies |
Context: Most definitions of sexual orientation include a psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component, which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s. Some people prefer simply to follow an individual's self-definition or identity. Scientific and professional understanding is that "the core attractions that form the basis for adult sexual orientation typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence". Sexual orientation differs from sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.
Question: What do the majority of defintions surronding sexual orientation include?
Answer: psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component
Question: What does a behaviorial component focus on when defining sexual orientation?
Answer: focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s.
Question: What do other people use to determine a persons sexual idenity?
Answer: an individual's self-definition
Question: When do scientists and professions agree that sexual orientation shows in a person?
Answer: typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence
Question: What is the difference between sexual idenity and sexual orientation?
Answer: sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self. |
Context: Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby". The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale.
Question: Who were the main characters in Stover at Yale?
Answer: Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell
Question: What F. Scott Fitzgerald novel is Yale a part of?
Answer: The Great Gatsby
Question: What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News?
Answer: Nick Carraway
Question: What football playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale?
Answer: Tom Buchanan
Question: Who wrote the novel Stover at Yale?
Answer: Owen Johnson
Question: Who were the side characters in Stover at Yale?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What F. Scott Fitzgerald novel is Yale not a part of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What character in The Great Gatsby read editorials for the Yale News?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What baseball playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who read the novel Stover at Yale?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some insects display a rudimentary sense of numbers, such as the solitary wasps that prey upon a single species. The mother wasp lays her eggs in individual cells and provides each egg with a number of live caterpillars on which the young feed when hatched. Some species of wasp always provide five, others twelve, and others as high as twenty-four caterpillars per cell. The number of caterpillars is different among species, but always the same for each sex of larva. The male solitary wasp in the genus Eumenes is smaller than the female, so the mother of one species supplies him with only five caterpillars; the larger female receives ten caterpillars in her cell.
Question: Insects have what kind of sense of numbers?
Answer: rudimentary
Question: Which insect displays a rudimentary sense of numbers?
Answer: solitary wasps
Question: What kind of species does a solitary wasp prey upon?
Answer: single
Question: What does the mother wasp provide for her eggs when they hatch?
Answer: caterpillars
Question: Is the male solitary wasp bigger or smaller than the female solitary wasp?
Answer: smaller |
Context: Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under 5 years of age as they may increase dehydration. A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water. Plain water may be used if more specific and effective ORT preparations are unavailable or are not palatable. Additionally, a mix of both plain water and drinks perhaps too rich in sugar and salt can alternatively be given to the same person, with the goal of providing a medium amount of sodium overall. A nasogastric tube can be used in young children to administer fluids if warranted.
Question: What are not recommended for younger kids because it can casue more dehydration?
Answer: Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices
Question: Why are sodas and high sugar fruit juices not recommended?
Answer: A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water
Question: What can be used to give fluids when they can not drink?
Answer: A nasogastric tube
Question: What can be used to give fluids if drinks are too rich in sugar?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is plain water not recommended for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why are plain water and ORT preparations not recommended?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can be given with the goal of providing specific ORT preparations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does plain water do in the gut?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A route through Beringia is seen as more likely than the Solutrean hypothesis. Kashani et al. 2012 state that "The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians. Taking into account that C4c is deeply rooted in the Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny and is indubitably of Asian origin, the finding that C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories definitively dismisses the controversial hypothesis of an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America."
Question: What is more likely than the Solutrean hypothesis?
Answer: route through Beringia
Question: What supports a scenario of dual origin for Paleo-Indians?
Answer: similarities in ages and geographical distributions
Question: What is C4c deeply rooted in the Asian portion of?
Answer: the mtDNA phylogeny
Question: When did Kashani and others make their statement regarding the similarities for C4c distributions?
Answer: 2012
Question: Because C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories means what controversial hypothesis may be dismissed?
Answer: an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America |
Context: In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football. Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015.
Question: What was the original name of the Arsenal team?
Answer: Dial Square
Question: When was Arsenal originally formed?
Answer: 1886
Question: When did Arsenal become based in Highbury?
Answer: 1913
Question: In what year did Arsenal move to Holloway?
Answer: 2006
Question: How does Forbe's believe the Arsenal club was worth in 2015?
Answer: $1.3 billion
Question: Where did Arsenal play in 1886?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What team has the biggest fanbase in the world?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much are the Tottenham Hotspurs worth as of 2015?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what stadium do the Tottenham Hotspur play?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who founded the Tottenham Hotspur?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: While the largest European-American population in Montana overall is German, pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. Farmers of Irish, Scots, and English roots also settled in Montana. The historically mining-oriented communities of western Montana such as Butte have a wider range of European-American ethnicity; Finns, Eastern Europeans and especially Irish settlers left an indelible mark on the area, as well as people originally from British mining regions such as Cornwall, Devon and Wales. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English and Scots-Irish descent.[citation needed]
Question: What is the largest European-American race in Montana?
Answer: German
Question: What was Helena originally founded as?
Answer: a mining camp |
Context: Arnold Schwarzenegger has been involved with the Special Olympics for many years after they were founded by his ex-mother-in-law, Eunice Kennedy Shriver. In 2007, Schwarzenegger was the official spokesperson for the Special Olympics which were held in Shanghai, China. Schwarzenegger believes that quality school opportunities should be made available to children who might not normally be able to access them. In 1995, he founded the Inner City Games Foundation (ICG) which provides cultural, educational and community enrichment programming to youth. ICG is active in 15 cities around the country and serves over 250,000 children in over 400 schools countrywide. He has also been involved with After-School All-Stars, and founded the Los Angeles branch in 2002. ASAS is an after school program provider, educating youth about health, fitness and nutrition.
Question: What nonprofit did Schwarzenegger found in 1995?
Answer: the Inner City Games Foundation
Question: Schwarzenegger was the spokesperson for the Special Olympic games held in what city in China?
Answer: Shanghai
Question: About how many schools across the country is ICG active in?
Answer: 400 |
Context: The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE), and New Iranian (since 900 CE). Of the Old Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran), Parthian, and Bactrian.
Question: What is another term meaning Iranian languages?
Answer: Iranic languages
Question: What are the Iranic languages a subgroup of?
Answer: Indo-Iranian languages
Question: What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of?
Answer: Indo-European language family
Question: When did the change from Old Iranian to Middle Iranian occur?
Answer: 400 BCE
Question: What is an example of a Sassanid language?
Answer: Middle Persian
Question: What stage of Iranian languages from 400 BCE to 900 CE includes old Persian?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What stage of Iranian language was in use until 400 BCE and included Parthian and Bactrian?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the change from old Iranian to new Iranian occur?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where are the old Iranian languages Parthian and Bactrian from?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing. This housing boom has increased house prices and rents, as well as the availability of all types of housing. Subdivision regularly occurs in the outer areas of Melbourne, with numerous developers offering house and land packages. However, after 10 years[when?] of planning policies to encourage medium-density and high-density development in existing areas with greater access to public transport and other services, Melbourne's middle and outer-ring suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment.
Question: What is generating high demand for housing in Melbourne?
Answer: high population growth
Question: What effect has the housing boom had on house prices and rents?
Answer: increased
Question: Which of Melbourne's suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment in recent years?
Answer: middle and outer-ring
Question: What types of surburban development did Melbourne policies promote?
Answer: medium-density and high-density |
Context: Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of Torah and Talmud for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men and women. From the Rhineland to Riga to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, and spoke Yiddish in their secular lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now encompasses not just Orthodoxy and Hasidism, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and somehow retained a sense of Jewishness. Although a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association. Broadly speaking, a Jew is one who associates culturally with Jews, supports Jewish institutions, reads Jewish books and periodicals, attends Jewish movies and theater, travels to Israel, visits historical synagogues, and so forth. It is a definition that applies to Jewish culture in general, and to Ashkenazi Yiddishkeit in particular.
Question: Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by what concept?
Answer: Yiddishkeit
Question: What does Yiddishkeit mean in the Yiddish language?
Answer: "Jewishness"
Question: In the past most Jews prayed in what language?
Answer: liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew
Question: In the past, while most Jews prayed in one language, they used which other language in their secular lives?
Answer: Yiddish
Question: Is there a larger or smaller number of Jews that speak Yiddish today than in the past?
Answer: a far smaller number of Jews still speak Yiddish |
Context: The city is home to several colleges and universities. Oklahoma City University, formerly known as Epworth University, was founded by the United Methodist Church on September 1, 1904 and is renowned for its performing arts, science, mass communications, business, law, and athletic programs. OCU has its main campus in the north-central section of the city, near the city's chinatown area. OCU Law is located in the Midtown district near downtown, in the old Central High School building.
Question: What was the original name of Oklahoma City University?
Answer: Epworth University
Question: When was the university founded?
Answer: September 1, 1904 |
Context: The growth of the Internet, and particularly distributed search engines like Kazaa and Gnutella, have represented a challenge for copyright policy. The Recording Industry Association of America, in particular, has been on the front lines of the fight against copyright infringement, which the industry calls "piracy". The industry has had victories against some services, including a highly publicized case against the file-sharing company Napster, and some people have been prosecuted for sharing files in violation of copyright. The electronic age has seen an increase in the attempt to use software-based digital rights management tools to restrict the copying and use of digitally based works. Laws such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act have been enacted, that use criminal law to prevent any circumvention of software used to enforce digital rights management systems. Equivalent provisions, to prevent circumvention of copyright protection have existed in EU for some time, and are being expanded in, for example, Article 6 and 7 the Copyright Directive. Other examples are Article 7 of the Software Directive of 1991 (91/250/EEC), and the Conditional Access Directive of 1998 (98/84/EEC). This can hinder legal uses, affecting public domain works, limitations and exceptions to copyright, or uses allowed by the copyright holder. Some copyleft licenses, like GNU GPL 3, are designed to counter that. Laws may permit circumvention under specific conditions like when it is necessary to achieve interoperability with the circumventor's program, or for accessibility reasons; however, distribution of circumvention tools or instructions may be illegal.
Question: What does the recording industry call piracy?
Answer: copyright infringement
Question: What type of company was Napster?
Answer: file-sharing
Question: What law enforces digital rights management systems?
Answer: Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Question: Which articles of the EU Copyright Directive address circumvention of copyright protection?
Answer: Article 6 and 7
Question: When was the Conditional Access Directive passed in the EU?
Answer: 1998
Question: The growth of what has strengthened copyright policy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What industry did not have success against the file sharing company Napster?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has seen a decrease in the use of digital rights management tools?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an example of a civil law to prevent circumvention of software used to enforce digital rights
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can copyleft license hinder?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass "low church" as well as "high church" clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855–1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic.
Question: When was neo-Gothic popularized by influential figures?
Answer: during the second quarter of the 19th century
Question: In Britain after 1837, what was the Gothic revival known as?
Answer: Victorian Gothic
Question: During what years was the High Victorian Gothic period in Britain?
Answer: 1855–1885
Question: What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the revival of Anglo Catholic ideas?
Answer: the Oxford Movement
Question: Besides ecclesiastical and civic architecture, what other style of architecture did influential figures of the 19th century prefer to use Victorian Gothic for?
Answer: institutional architecture
Question: When was neo-Gothic forgotten by influential figures?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the Gothic death known as in Britain after 1827?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was the High Victorian Gothic period in Africa?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the end of Anglo Catholic ideas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other style of architecture did influential figures of the 14th century prefer to use Victorian Gothic for?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
Question: What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?
Answer: reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg
Question: What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?
Answer: Kaliningrad
Question: How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?
Answer: violent and aggressive
Question: In what year was Konigsberg renamed as Kaliningrad?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are examples of how the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast treatment of Germans?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the city centre of Kaliningrad start to be rebuilt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which year did the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast start to emigrate there?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety of instruments and were able to read music expertly. These traits set Jenkins musicians apart and helped land some of them positions in big bands with Duke Ellington and Count Basie. William "Cat" Anderson, Jabbo Smith, and Freddie Green are but a few of the alumni from the Jenkins Orphanage band who became professional musicians in some of the best bands of the day. Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success. At the Colored Waif's Home Brass Band in New Orleans, for example, a young trumpeter named Louis Armstrong first began to draw attention.
Question: What year was the Jenkins Orphanage created?
Answer: 1891
Question: What Charleston Reverend established the Jenkins Orphanage?
Answer: Daniel J. Jenkins
Question: What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage accept?
Answer: donations of musical instruments
Question: Whose graduates tutored many boys from the Jenkins Orphanage?
Answer: Avery Institute Graduates
Question: What city was Louis Armstrong from?
Answer: New Orleans
Question: What year was the Jenkins Orphanage closed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Charleston Reverend closed the Jenkins Orphanage?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage reject?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whose graduates tutored many girls from the Jenkins Orphanage?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What city wasn't Louis Armstrong from?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a metastable isotope is in an excited state and will return to the ground state by emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray. 61Zn has three excited states and 73Zn has two. The isotopes 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn and 78Zn each have only one excited state.
Question: How many radioisotopes of zinc have been discovered?
Answer: Several dozen
Question: What is the longest half life of the isotopes?
Answer: 243.66
Question: What does the superscript m represent?
Answer: metastable isotope
Question: How many excited states does 61Zn have?
Answer: three
Question: How many excited states does 73Zn have?
Answer: two
Question: What is the most long lived radio isotope?
Answer: 65Zn
Question: What is the half life of 72Zn?
Answer: 46.5 hours
Question: How many nuclear isomers does zinc have?
Answer: 10
Question: What does the superscript "m" indicate?
Answer: metastable isotope
Question: What does a metastable isotope do to return to ground state from an excited state?
Answer: emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray
Question: How many radioisotopes of zinc have been hidden?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the only half life of the isotopes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many boring states does 61Zn have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many nuclear isomers does zinc avoid?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
Question: What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?
Answer: multidimensional scaling
Question: Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
Answer: arousal
Question: What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
Answer: arousal
Question: What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative?
Answer: valence
Question: What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?
Answer: core affect
Question: What do psychologists use to non-visually map emotional experiences?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with valence, what is the other of the three dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What isn't the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the term for the degree to which an non-emotional experience feels positive or negative?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What component of non-emotion provides its perceived energy?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Seattle (i/siˈætəl/) is a West Coast seaport city and the seat of King County. With an estimated 662,400 residents as of 2015[update], Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013 it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States, and remained in the top five in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The Seattle metropolitan area of around 3.6 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canada–United States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the third largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015.
Question: Of which Washington county is Seattle the center?
Answer: King County
Question: By 2015 what was Seattle's population?
Answer: 662,400
Question: By what time was Seattle the most rapidly growing city in the US?
Answer: July 2013
Question: How far away is the Canadian border from Seattle?
Answer: 100 miles
Question: What is Seattle's ranking in North America in terms of container processing?
Answer: third largest |
Context: Although night air defence was causing greater concern before the war, it was not at the forefront of RAF planning. Most of the resources went into planning for daylight fighter defences. The difficulty RAF bombers had navigating in darkness, led the British to believe German bombers would suffer the same problems and would be unable to reach and identify their targets. There was also a mentality in all air forces that, if they could carry out effective operations by day, night missions and their disadvantages could be avoided.
Question: What did the RAF put most of their resources into?
Answer: daylight fighter defences
Question: RAF bombers had trouble flying at night, so the British believe the Germans would do what?
Answer: suffer the same problems
Question: Britain believe German bombers would be unable to reach and identify what?
Answer: targets
Question: What did the Air Force believe they could avoid if they carried out effective day missions?
Answer: night missions and their disadvantages |
Context: Much of Tucson's economic development has been centered on the development of the University of Arizona, which is currently the second largest employer in the city. Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, located on the southeastern edge of the city, also provides many jobs for Tucson residents. Its presence, as well as the presence of the US Army Intelligence Center (Fort Huachuca, the largest employer in the region in nearby Sierra Vista), has led to the development of a significant number of high-tech industries, including government contractors, in the area. The city of Tucson is also a major hub for the Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route that links the Los Angeles ports with the South/Southeast regions of the country.
Question: What is the second-largest employer in Tucson?
Answer: University of Arizona
Question: Where is the US Army Intelligence Center?
Answer: Sierra Vista
Question: What railroad route passes through Tucson?
Answer: Union Pacific Railroad's Sunset Route
Question: Where does the Sunset Route connect to the west coast?
Answer: Los Angeles ports |
Context: Southern Italy (Magna Graecia) and south-eastern Sicily had been colonized by the Greeks during the 8th century. In 4th century Sicily the leading Greek city and hegemon was Syracuse. During the Hellenistic period the leading figure in Sicily was Agathocles of Syracuse (361 – 289 BCE) who seized the city with an army of mercenaries in 317 BCE. Agathocles extended his power throughout most of the Greek cities in Sicily, fought a long war with the Carthaginians, at one point invading Tunisia in 310 and defeating a Carthaginian army there. This was the first time a European force had invaded the region. After this war he controlled most of south-east Sicily and had himself proclaimed king, in imitation of the Hellenistic monarchs of the east. Agathocles then invaded Italy (c. 300 BCE) in defense of Tarentum against the Bruttians and Romans, but was unsuccessful.
Question: What was Southern Italy refered to as?
Answer: Magna Graecia
Question: Southern Italy and south-eastern Sicily were colonized by the Greeks in what century?
Answer: 8th
Question: Who was the leading figure in Sicily during the Hellenistic period?
Answer: Agathocles of Syracuse
Question: In 310 Agathocles invaded Tunisia and defeated what army?
Answer: Carthaginian
Question: In defense of Tarentum, when did Agathocles attack Italy?
Answer: 300 BCE |
Context: Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients.
Question: What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo?
Answer: Hospital Vilardebó
Question: Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after?
Answer: Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche
Question: When did the Hospital Vilardebo open?
Answer: 21 May 1880
Question: How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?
Answer: 1,500 inpatients |
Context: Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto's voyage of 1455, the 1479–1480 voyage by Flemish-French trader Eustache de la Fosse, and Diogo Cão. In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.
Question: When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage?
Answer: 1455
Question: When was Eustache de la Fosse's voyage?
Answer: 1479–1480
Question: What was the name of the Portuguese explorer?
Answer: Diogo Cão
Question: What river did Diogo Cao reach in the 1480's?
Answer: Congo River
Question: What country is about 4200 km from Guinea-Bissau?
Answer: Angola |
Context: In an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues. In these sessions they have answered questions as fundamental as, "What are human rights?", "Who determines what are human rights?", and "What should take precedence, human or communal rights?" In 2007, the Eritrean government also banned female genital mutilation. In Regional Assemblies and religious circles, Eritreans themselves speak out continuously against the use of female circumcision. They cite health concerns and individual freedom as being of primary concern when they say this. Furthermore, they implore rural peoples to cast away this ancient cultural practice. Additionally, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009. The group consists of ordinary citizens and some people close to the government.
Question: Why have Eritrean government officials participated in numerous meetings with NGO representatives?
Answer: In an attempt at reform
Question: What did the Eritrean government ban in 2007?
Answer: female genital mutilation
Question: What new movement is aimed at opening dialogue between the government and opposition?
Answer: Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea
Question: Who, along with ordinary citizens, makes up the Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea?
Answer: some people close to the government
Question: What are the main concerns Eritreans speak about in terms of female circumcision?
Answer: health concerns and individual freedom
Question: In what year did attempts at reform in Eritrea begin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was Citizens for Democratic Rights formed in Eretria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What new cultural practice are people trying to do away with in Eretria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ancient cultural practice occurs in urban areas?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The last ruler from the Ptolemaic line was Cleopatra VII, who committed suicide following the burial of her lover Mark Antony who had died in her arms (from a self-inflicted stab wound), after Octavian had captured Alexandria and her mercenary forces had fled. The Ptolemies faced rebellions of native Egyptians often caused by an unwanted regime and were involved in foreign and civil wars that led to the decline of the kingdom and its annexation by Rome. Nevertheless, Hellenistic culture continued to thrive in Egypt well after the Muslim conquest.
Question: Who was last ruler of Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: Cleopatra VII
Question: Who captured Alexandria, ending Ptolemaic rule?
Answer: Octavian
Question: How did Mark Anthony's love die?
Answer: suicide
Question: What culture annexed Egypt?
Answer: Rome |
Context: The Pāli Tipitaka, which means "three baskets", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrinal clarification. The Sutta Pitaka contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka contains material often described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha's teachings.
Question: What means "three baskets"?
Answer: Pāli Tipitaka
Question: What does the "three baskets" refer to?
Answer: the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka
Question: What contains disciplinary rules for Buddhist Monks and nuns?
Answer: Vinaya Pitaka
Question: What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha?
Answer: the Sutta Pitaka
Question: What contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha teachings?
Answer: Abhidhamma Pitaka |
Context: Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but eventually spreading widely throughout Europe, a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great magician. Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years, arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves. Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd.
Question: Where did the tradition start which regarded Virgil as a great magician?
Answer: Naples
Question: How long did legends of Virgil's magical powers remain popular?
Answer: over two hundred years
Question: What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?
Answer: fferyllydd
Question: Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?
Answer: medieval Wales
Question: When did Virgil's reputation as a great magician begin?
Answer: 12th century
Question: Where did the tradition of seeing Virgil as a great magician last the longest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long did it take for the legends of Virgil's magic powers to spread through Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Virgil write his poetry?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of the world did Virgil write the most about?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were Virgil's works the most popular?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does". To assess intensity, the patient may be asked to locate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all, and 10 the worst pain they have ever felt. Quality can be established by having the patient complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire indicating which words best describe their pain.
Question: What is the most reliable measure of pain?
Answer: person's self-report
Question: What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate?
Answer: severity
Question: What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968?
Answer: definition of pain
Question: What scale might a patient be asked to locate their pain on?
Answer: 0 to 10
Question: What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate?
Answer: which words best describe their pain
Question: What is a person's health care report?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who defined pain in 1986?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the definition Margo McCaffery gave for pain in 1986?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the number range on the McCaffery Pain scale?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1957, the state of Arkansas refused to honor a federal court order to integrate their public school system stemming from the Brown decision. Eisenhower demanded that Arkansas governor Orval Faubus obey the court order. When Faubus balked, the president placed the Arkansas National Guard under federal control and sent in the 101st Airborne Division. They escorted and protected nine black students' entry to Little Rock Central High School, an all-white public school, for the first time since the Reconstruction Era. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote to Eisenhower to thank him for his actions, writing "The overwhelming majority of southerners, Negro and white, stand firmly behind your resolute action to restore law and order in Little Rock".
Question: What state refused to integrate its schools in 1957?
Answer: Arkansas
Question: What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation?
Answer: 101st Airborne Division
Question: What Arkansas militia unit did Eisenhower federalize in 1957?
Answer: Arkansas National Guard
Question: Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957?
Answer: Orval Faubus
Question: How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School?
Answer: nine |
Context: By 1885, a new summer retreat was contemplated. That summer, the Bells had a vacation on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, spending time at the small village of Baddeck. Returning in 1886, Bell started building an estate on a point across from Baddeck, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. By 1889, a large house, christened The Lodge was completed and two years later, a larger complex of buildings, including a new laboratory, were begun that the Bells would name Beinn Bhreagh (Gaelic: beautiful mountain) after Bell's ancestral Scottish highlands.[N 21] Bell also built the Bell Boatyard on the estate, employing up to 40 people building experimental craft as well as wartime lifeboats and workboats for the Royal Canadian Navy and pleasure craft for the Bell family. An enthusiastic boater, Bell and his family sailed or rowed a long series of vessels on Bras d'Or Lake, ordering additional vessels from the H.W. Embree and Sons boatyard in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia. In his final, and some of his most productive years, Bell split his residency between Washington, D.C., where he and his family initially resided for most of the year, and at Beinn Bhreagh where they spent increasing amounts of time.
Question: What Island in Nova Scotia did the Bells go to in 1885?
Answer: Breton Island
Question: In 1886, what lake did Bell start building a house near?
Answer: Bras d'Or
Question: What did the Bells call the house completed in 1889?
Answer: The Lodge
Question: How many people worked for the Bell Boatyard?
Answer: 40 |
Context: The Late Triassic spans from 237 million to 200 million years ago. Following the bloom of the Middle Triassic, the Late Triassic featured frequent heat spells, as well as moderate precipitation (10-20 inches per year). The recent warming led to a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolve, as well as pterosaurs. All this climatic change, however, resulted in a large die-out known as the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, in which all archosaurs (excluding ancient crocodiles), most synapsids, and almost all large amphibians went extinct, as well as 34% of marine life in the fourth mass extinction event of the world. The cause is debatable.
Question: What was the span of the Late Triassic?
Answer: 237 million to 200 million years
Question: Besides moderate precipitation, what weather conditions did the Late Triassic have?
Answer: heat spells
Question: When did the first dinosaurs evolve?
Answer: Triassic
Question: According to theory, what did climate change in the Late Triassic cause?
Answer: Triassic-Jurassic extinction
Question: What was the only archosaur to survive the fourth mass extinction?
Answer: crocodiles
Question: Besides moderate precipitation, what weather conditions did the Late Triassic not have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What lead to the demise of a certain segment of reptilian evolution?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What resulted in a relatively small die-out known as the Triassic Jurassic extinction event?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What survived the Triassic Jurassic extinction event?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: 34% of marine life survived what extinction event?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing expeditions in the Weddell Sea. Antarctic krill, which congregate in large schools, is the keystone species of the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean, and is an important food organism for whales, seals, leopard seals, fur seals, squid, icefish, penguins, albatrosses and many other birds.
Question: What animal was greatly hunted during the 18th and 19th centuries?
Answer: Antarctic fur seal
Question: For whom is the Weddell seal named ?
Answer: Sir James Weddell
Question: What did Sir James Weddell command?
Answer: British sealing expeditions
Question: What is a very important species in the Southern Ocean?
Answer: Antarctic krill
Question: Why is the krill so important to the Antarctic area?
Answer: important food
Question: What animal was heavily hunted in the 18 and 1900's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What seal is named after the commander of American sealing expoditions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What whaler had a seal named after him?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the keystone species of the Arctic Ocean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What bird do leapard seals feed on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was hunted during 1819?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What countries did the 1819 sealers come from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is named after James Sir Weddell?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was James Sir Weddell commander of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to some 2,300 square kilometres (888 sq mi), was incorporated into Russia by Stalin at the end of World War II. For this reason the borders between Estonia and Russia are still not defined.
Question: What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Lativa?
Answer: 267 kilometers
Question: What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Russia?
Answer: 290 kilometers
Question: What document established the border between Russia and Estonia?
Answer: the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty |
Context: In Argentina, the most representative Carnival performed is the so-called Murga, although other famous Carnivals, more like Brazil's, are held in Argentine Mesopotamia and the North-East. Gualeguaychú in the east of Entre Ríos province is the most important Carnival city and has one of the largest parades. It adopts a musical background similar to Brazilian or Uruguayan Carnival. Corrientes is another city with a Carnival tradition. Chamame is a popular musical style. In all major cities and many towns throughout the country, Carnival is celebrated.
Question: Which Carnival in Argentina is the most representative of the nature of the Carnival?
Answer: Murga
Question: What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival?
Answer: Gualeguaychú
Question: What kind of tradition does the city of Corrientes have?
Answer: Carnival
Question: What is Chamame?
Answer: popular musical style.
Question: Where is Carnival celebrated?
Answer: In all major cities and many towns throughout the country |
Context: Larger SAMs may be deployed in fixed launchers, but can be towed/re-deployed at will. The SAMs launched by individuals are known in the United States as the Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS). MANPADS of the former Soviet Union have been exported around the World, and can be found in use by many armed forces. Targets for non-ManPAD SAMs will usually be acquired by air-search radar, then tracked before/while a SAM is "locked-on" and then fired. Potential targets, if they are military aircraft, will be identified as friend or foe before being engaged. The developments in the latest and relatively cheap short-range missiles have begun to replace autocannons in this role.
Question: What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will?
Answer: Larger SAMs
Question: What are the SAMs called that are launched by individuals in the US?
Answer: MANPADS
Question: What does MANPADS mean?
Answer: Man-Portable Air Defence Systems
Question: How are targets aquired for non-ManPAD SAMs?
Answer: air-search radar
Question: Short range missiles are replacing what weapons?
Answer: autocannons |
Context: It should be noted that although 6-month-olds can recall information over the short-term, they have difficulty recalling the temporal order of information. It is only by 9 months of age that infants can recall the actions of a two-step sequence in the correct temporal order - that is, recalling step 1 and then step 2. In other words, when asked to imitate a two-step action sequence (such as putting a toy car in the base and pushing in the plunger to make the toy roll to the other end), 9-month-olds tend to imitate the actions of the sequence in the correct order (step 1 and then step 2). Younger infants (6-month-olds) can only recall one step of a two-step sequence. Researchers have suggested that these age differences are probably due to the fact that the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed at the age of 6-months.
Question: Does a 6 month old have short term memory?
Answer: can recall information over the short-term
Question: What age can an infabt recall steps in an order?
Answer: 9 months of age
Question: What part of a two step sequence can a 6 month old remember?
Answer: one step of a two-step sequence
Question: What part of the brain is not fully developed in infants which can cause the memory differences in ages?
Answer: the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the frontal components of the neural network are not fully developed
Question: It should be noted that although 6-month-olds cannot recall information over what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: they have no difficulty recalling the temporal order of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of a two step sequence can a 16 month old remember?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of the brain is fully developed in infants which can cause the memory differences in ages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Researchers have suggested that these age similarities are probably due to what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some rock formations in the path of a glacier are sculpted into small hills called roche moutonnée, or "sheepback" rock. Roche moutonnée are elongated, rounded, and asymmetrical bedrock knobs that can be produced by glacier erosion. They range in length from less than a meter to several hundred meters long. Roche moutonnée have a gentle slope on their up-glacier sides and a steep to vertical face on their down-glacier sides. The glacier abrades the smooth slope on the upstream side as it flows along, but tears loose and carries away rock from the downstream side via plucking.
Question: What is another name for roche moutonnee?
Answer: "sheepback" rock
Question: What are roche moutonnee?
Answer: elongated, rounded, and asymmetrical bedrock knobs that can be produced by glacier erosion
Question: How large are roche moutonnee?
Answer: less than a meter to several hundred meters long
Question: What shape do roche moutonnee have on their "up" side?
Answer: gentle slope
Question: What shape do roche moutonnee have on their "down" side?
Answer: steep to vertical face
Question: what are ice formations made by glaciers called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are short round bedrock knobs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are steep on their upside and and gentle on their down side?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is smooth on the downstream side?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On 8 February 1963, a military coup in Iraq led by a Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance toppled Qasim, who was subsequently shot dead. Abdel Salam Aref, a Nasserist, was chosen to be the new president. A similar alliance toppled the Syrian government on 8 March. On 14 March, the new Iraqi and Syrian governments sent Nasser delegations to push for a new Arab union. At the meeting, Nasser lambasted the Ba'athists for "facilitating" Syria's split from the UAR, and asserted that he was the "leader of the Arabs". A transitional unity agreement stipulating a federal system was signed by the parties on 17 April and the new union was set to be established in May 1965. However, the agreement fell apart weeks later when Syria's Ba'athists purged Nasser's supporters from the officers corps. A failed counter-coup by a Nasserist colonel followed, after which Nasser condemned the Ba'athists as "fascists".
Question: What groups completed a coup in Iraq?
Answer: Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance
Question: Who became the new Iraqi president after the coup?
Answer: Abdel Salam Aref
Question: What caused the agreement to fail?
Answer: Syria's Ba'athists purged Nasser's supporters
Question: How did Nasser describe the Ba'athists?
Answer: fascists |
Context: The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches which became the 1st code of Eastern Catholic Canon Law.
Question: When was the original Code of Canon Law published?
Answer: 1917
Question: For which part of the Roman Catholic Church was the first Code published?
Answer: the Roman Rite
Question: During what years was the Second Vatican Council held?
Answer: 1962 - 1965
Question: For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983?
Answer: the Roman Rite
Question: When was the first Code produced for Eastern Churches?
Answer: 1990
Question: What was published prior to 1917?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the code of Canon Law written for all five rates?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What counsel ended in 1962?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was published specifically for the Eastern right in 1983?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the second coat of Eastern Catholic canon law published?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational technology (also called e-learning) had grown at 14 times the rate of traditional learning.[clarification needed] Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods. Cost of education has been an issue throughout history, and a major political issue in most countries today. Online courses often can be more expensive than face-to-face classes. Out of 182 colleges surveyed in 2009 nearly half said tuition for online courses was higher than for campus based ones. Many large university institutions are now starting to offer free or almost free full courses such as Harvard, MIT and Berkeley teaming up to form edX. Other universities offering open education are Stanford, Princeton, Duke, Johns Hopkins, Edinburgh, U. Penn, U. Michigan, U. Virginia, U. Washington, and Caltech. It has been called the biggest change in the way we learn since the printing press. Despite favorable studies on effectiveness, many people may still desire to choose traditional campus education for social and cultural reasons.
Question: In what year did e-learning jump 14 times over traditional leaning?
Answer: 2012
Question: Which form of education looks to be the dominant form i the coming years?
Answer: Open education
Question: What has been a constant issue with education for as long as education has been around itself?
Answer: Cost of education
Question: Which type of schooling can be most expensive?
Answer: Online courses
Question: What happened in 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What grew at 10 times the rate of traditional learning?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is slow to become the dominant form of education?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did surveys show in 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What schools do not offer free education?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On April 18, 1985, a few months after taking his Senate seat, Kerry and Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa traveled to Nicaragua and met the country's president, Daniel Ortega. Though Ortega had won internationally certified elections, the trip was criticized because Ortega and his leftist Sandinista government had strong ties to Cuba and the USSR and were accused of human rights abuses. The Sandinista government was opposed by the right-wing CIA-backed rebels known as the Contras. While in Nicaragua, Kerry and Harkin talked to people on both sides of the conflict. Through the senators, Ortega offered a cease-fire agreement in exchange for the U.S. dropping support of the Contras. The offer was denounced by the Reagan administration as a "propaganda initiative" designed to influence a House vote on a $14 million Contra aid package, but Kerry said "I am willing..... to take the risk in the effort to put to test the good faith of the Sandinistas." The House voted down the Contra aid, but Ortega flew to Moscow to accept a $200 million loan the next day, which in part prompted the House to pass a larger $27 million aid package six weeks later.
Question: When did Kerry visit Nicaragua?
Answer: April 18, 1985
Question: Who did Kerry visit Nicaragua with?
Answer: Senator Tom Harkin
Question: Where was Tom Harkin from?
Answer: Iowa
Question: Who did Kerry visit in Nicaragua?
Answer: Daniel Ortega
Question: What was criticized about Ortega's administration?
Answer: strong ties to Cuba and the USSR and were accused of human rights abuses |
Context: Audio data compression, not to be confused with dynamic range compression, has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data. Audio compression algorithms are implemented in software as audio codecs. Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity and are used in numerous audio applications. These algorithms almost all rely on psychoacoustics to eliminate less audible or meaningful sounds, thereby reducing the space required to store or transmit them.
Question: What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data?
Answer: Audio data compression
Question: What is inserted in software as audio codecs?
Answer: Audio compression algorithms
Question: What compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity?
Answer: Lossy
Question: What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of software?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is inserted in psychoacoustics as audio codecs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What compression algorithms provide higher compression at the transmission?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do algorithms rely on to eliminate requirements?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does audio data compression have the potential to reduce the dynamic range of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The willingness to question previously held truths and search for new answers resulted in a period of major scientific advancements, now known as the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution is traditionally held by most historians to have begun in 1543, when the books De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius, and also De Revolutionibus, by the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, were first printed. The thesis of Copernicus' book was that the Earth moved around the Sun. The period culminated with the publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Isaac Newton, representative of the unprecedented growth of scientific publications throughout Europe.
Question: What was the Scientific Revolution?
Answer: a period of major scientific advancements
Question: What year is considered to be the beginning of the Scientific Revolution?
Answer: 1543
Question: What book by Andreas Vesalius was published in 1543?
Answer: De humani corporis fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body)
Question: What was the focus of De Revolutionibus by Nicolaus Copernicus?
Answer: the Earth moved around the Sun
Question: What book was printed by Isaac Newton in 1687?
Answer: Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica |
Context: Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.
Question: Where can a temple of the Jain faith be found?
Answer: Gyaneshwar
Question: Kathmandu valley is home to about how many Baha'i?
Answer: 300
Question: Where is the Baha'i national office located in Nepal?
Answer: Shantinagar, Baneshwor
Question: About what percentage of the Nepali population follows Islam?
Answer: 4.2
Question: About how many Christian houses of worship exist in Kathmandu?
Answer: 170 |
Context: The metaphysics in Mīmāṃsā school consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines and the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God. Rather, it held that the soul is eternal omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, then focussed on the epistemology and metaphysics of dharma. To them, dharma meant rituals and duties, not devas (gods), because devas existed only in name. The Mīmāṃsākas held that the Vedas are "eternal authorless infallible", that Vedic vidhi (injunctions) and mantras in rituals are prescriptive karya (actions), and the rituals are of primary importance and merit. They considered the Upanishads and other self-knowledge, spirituality-related texts to be of secondary importance, a philosophical view that the Vedanta school disagreed with.
Question: What type of doctrines are contained in the Mimamsa school?
Answer: atheistic and theistic
Question: How did the Mimamsa school view the soul?
Answer: eternal
Question: What was the focus of the Mimamsa school of philosophy?
Answer: dharma
Question: How did the Mimamsa school consider dharma?
Answer: rituals and duties
Question: What school disagreed with the principles of the Mimamsa school?
Answer: Vedanta school
Question: What type of doctrine does Mimamsa not have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What school focuses on the existence of God?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Mimamsa rejected the epistemology and metaphysics of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What school agreed with the Mimamsa's understanding of Upanishads?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Mimamsakas consider as of equal importance as the rituals?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In other cases, such as New Zealand and Canada, treaties allowed native peoples to maintain a minimum amount of autonomy. In the case of indigenous Australians, unlike with the Māori of New Zealand, no treaty was ever entered into with the indigenous peoples entitling the Europeans to land ownership, under the doctrine of terra nullius (later overturned by Mabo v Queensland, establishing the concept of native title well after colonization was already a fait accompli). Such treaties between colonizers and indigenous peoples are an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century, the treaties being discussed have international standing as has been stated in a treaty study by the UN.
Question: What were native peoples able to maintain a minimum amount of through treaties?
Answer: autonomy
Question: What indigenous people of New Zealand entered into a treaty entitling Europeans to land ownership?
Answer: Māori
Question: What doctrine was overturned by Mabo v Queensland establishing the concept of native title?
Answer: terra nullius
Question: The concept of native title was established by what court case?
Answer: Mabo v Queensland
Question: Treaties between indigenous peoples and what other groups formed an important part of political discourse in the late 20th and early 21st century?
Answer: colonizers |
Context: Although the majority of journeys involving central London are made by public transport, car travel is common in the suburbs. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (in the suburbs), and the outer orbital motorway (the M25, outside the built-up area) encircle the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routes—but very few motorways penetrate into inner London. A plan for a comprehensive network of motorways throughout the city (the Ringways Plan) was prepared in the 1960s but was mostly cancelled in the early 1970s. The M25 is the longest ring-road motorway in the world at 121.5 mi (195.5 km) long. The A1 and M1 connect London to Leeds, and Newcastle and Edinburgh.
Question: What type of roadway is widely recognizable in the center of London?
Answer: The inner ring road
Question: What failed plan to install a major network of roadways within the City of London were eventually scrapped in the 1970s?
Answer: the Ringways Plan
Question: London is connected to Leeds, Newcastle, and Edinburgh through what motorways?
Answer: The A1 and M1
Question: How long is the M25 motorway?
Answer: 121.5 mi (195.5 km)
Question: Automobile transportation is primarily used in what areas of London?
Answer: the suburbs |
Context: In May 1778, Burke supported a parliamentary motion revising restrictions on Irish trade. His constituents, citizens of the great trading city of Bristol, however urged Burke to oppose free trade with Ireland. Burke resisted their protestations and said: "If, from this conduct, I shall forfeit their suffrages at an ensuing election, it will stand on record an example to future representatives of the Commons of England, that one man at least had dared to resist the desires of his constituents when his judgment assured him they were wrong".
Question: What country did Burke propose restricting trade with?
Answer: Ireland
Question: What city did Burke represent in parliament?
Answer: Bristol
Question: When did Burke make a motion to restrict Irish trade?
Answer: May 1778
Question: What was Bristol's most important industry?
Answer: trading
Question: What country did Burke wish to decrease trade with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What city supported Burke's decisions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was trade with Ireland originally restricted?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did Burke say he acquiesced to his constituents?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Under the Köppen climate classification, Philadelphia falls in the northern periphery of the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa). Summers are typically hot and muggy, fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is cold. Snowfall is highly variable, with some winters bringing only light snow and others bringing several major snowstorms, with the normal seasonal snowfall standing at 22.4 in (57 cm); snow in November or April is rare, and a sustained snow cover is rare. Precipitation is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to twelve wet days per month, at an average annual rate of 41.5 inches (1,050 mm), but historically ranging from 29.31 in (744 mm) in 1922 to 64.33 in (1,634 mm) in 2011. The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when 8.02 in (204 mm) fell at Philadelphia International Airport.
Question: What climate zone does Philadelphia fall under?
Answer: humid subtropical climate zone
Question: What is the summer weather like?
Answer: hot and muggy
Question: What is the normal snowfall?
Answer: 22.4 in
Question: How much rain does Philly get on average?
Answer: 41.5 inches
Question: What is the most rain in one day?
Answer: 8.02 in |
Context: In June 2014, state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a news story further characterizing Windows 8 as a threat to national security. The story featured an interview with Ni Guangnan, who stated that operating systems could aggregate "sensitive user information" that could be used to "understand the conditions and activities of our national economy and society", and alleged that per documents leaked by Edward Snowden, the U.S. government had worked with Microsoft to retrieve encrypted information. Yang Min, a computer scientist at Fudan University, also stated that "the security features of Windows 8 are basically to the benefit of Microsoft, allowing them control of the users' data, and that poses a big challenge to the national strategy for information security." Microsoft denied the claims in a number of posts on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo, which stated that the company had never "assisted any government in an attack of another government or clients" or provided client data to the U.S. government, never "provided any government the authority to directly visit" or placed any backdoors in its products and services, and that it had never concealed government requests for client data.
Question: What does CCTV stand for?
Answer: China Central Television
Question: What is the name of the Chinese social network?
Answer: Sina Weibo
Question: Who claimed that the Window 8 OS could gather sensitive user information?
Answer: Ni Guangnan
Question: Where did Yang Min practice as a computer scientiest?
Answer: Fudan University
Question: What doesn't CCTV stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does CTCV stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What isn't the name of the Chinese social network?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who claimed that the Window 9 OS could gather sensitive user information?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where didn't Yang Min practice as a computer scientest?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720. The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries). The city's average household size was 2.3 persons. At the time of the 2011 UK census, the ethnic composition of Plymouth's population was 96.2% White (of 92.9% was White British), with the largest minority ethnic group being Chinese at 0.5%. The white Irish ethnic group saw the largest decline in its share of the population since the 2001 Census (-24%), while the Other Asian and Black African had the largest increases (360% and 351% respectively). This excludes the two new ethnic groups added to the 2011 census of Gypsy or Irish Traveller and Arab. The population rose rapidly during the second half of the 19th century, but declined by over 1.6% from 1931 to 1951.
Question: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2011?
Answer: 256,384
Question: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2001?
Answer: 240,720
Question: How many people did the Plymouth unitary authority gain between 2001 and 2011?
Answer: 15,664
Question: What was the average number of people in a Plymouth household?
Answer: 2.3
Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents in 2011 were of Chinese ancestry?
Answer: 0.5 |
Context: Gorbachev again refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. Instead he sacked both Republics' Communist Party Leaders: On May 21, 1988, Karen Demirchian was replaced by Suren Harutyunyan as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia. However, Harutyunyan quickly decided to run before the nationalist wind and on May 28, allowed Armenians to unfurl the red-blue-gold First Armenian Republic flag for the first time in almost 70 years. On June 15, 1988, the Armenian Supreme Soviet adopted a resolution formally approving the idea of Nagorno Karabakh joining Armenia. Armenia, formerly one of the most loyal Republics, had suddenly turned into the leading rebel republic. On July 5, 1988, when a contingent of troops was sent in to remove demonstrators by force from Yerevan's Zvartnots International Airport, shots were fired and one student protester was killed. In September, further large demonstrations in Yerevan led to the deployment of armored vehicles. In the autumn of 1988 almost all the 200,000 Azerbaijani minority in Armenia was expelled by Armenian Nationalists, with over 100 killed in the process – this, after the Sumgait pogrom earlier that year carried out by Azerbaijanis against ethnic Armenians and subsequent expulsion of all Armenians from Azerbaijan. On November 25, 1988, a military commandant took control of Yerevan as the Soviet government moved to prevent further ethnic violence.
Question: How many protesters died in the airport violence?
Answer: one
Question: Who banned the Azerbaijani people from Armenia?
Answer: Nationalists
Question: Who had been previously removed from Azerbaijan?
Answer: Armenians
Question: Who took charge of Yerevan in November of 1988?
Answer: a military commandant |
Context: The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes.
Question: What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?
Answer: Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes
Question: In higher eukaryotes, what has an inverse relationship with genome size?
Answer: proportion of non-repetitive DNA
Question: What is the size of non-repetitive DNA divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?
Answer: genome size
Question: How is protein coding calculated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are two examples of higher eukaryotes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does having more protein coding genes not mean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1919, the frustrations caused by delays to Irish home rule led members of Sinn Féin, a pro-independence party that had won a majority of the Irish seats at Westminster in the 1918 British general election, to establish an Irish assembly in Dublin, at which Irish independence was declared. The Irish Republican Army simultaneously began a guerrilla war against the British administration. The Anglo-Irish War ended in 1921 with a stalemate and the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, creating the Irish Free State, a Dominion within the British Empire, with effective internal independence but still constitutionally linked with the British Crown. Northern Ireland, consisting of six of the 32 Irish counties which had been established as a devolved region under the 1920 Government of Ireland Act, immediately exercised its option under the treaty to retain its existing status within the United Kingdom.
Question: When did Ireland establish their own assembly?
Answer: 1919
Question: What political party established Ireland's assembly?
Answer: Sinn Féin
Question: When did the Anglo-Irish War end?
Answer: 1921
Question: What treaty was signed after the Anglo-Irish War?
Answer: Anglo-Irish Treaty
Question: How many counties of Ireland are in Northern Ireland?
Answer: six |
Context: where is the maximum possible exposure that does not lead to a clipped or bloomed camera output. Typically, the lower limit of the saturation speed is determined by the sensor itself, but with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter, the saturation speed can be increased. The factor 78 is chosen such that exposure settings based on a standard light meter and an 18-percent reflective surface will result in an image with a grey level of 18%/√2 = 12.7% of saturation. The factor √2 indicates that there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface.
Question: What does the sensor usually determine?
Answer: lower limit of the saturation speed
Question: How can the saturation speed be increased?
Answer: with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter
Question: What is indicated by the factor √2?
Answer: there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface
Question: What can too much exposure lead to?
Answer: clipped or bloomed camera output
Question: The lower limit of saturation speed leads to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the amplifier prevent from increasing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why is the factor of 78 avoided?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: A grey level of 12.7 results in what saturation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the upper limit of saturation determined by?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony. The Crown strengthened its political and economic ties to Bermuda, and the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished.
Question: What event caused major changes in Bermuda?
Answer: end of the war
Question: Why did defence infrastructure become the major source of Bermuda's economy?
Answer: buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda,
Question: How does the British crown view Bermuda?
Answer: a base more than a colony
Question: What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons?
Answer: the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished
Question: What colony caused profound change to the end of the war?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What infrastructure was built up in the 19th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Bermuda consider London to be more than a colony?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In his Science of Logic (1812–1814) Hegel argues that finite qualities are not fully "real" because they depend on other finite qualities to determine them. Qualitative infinity, on the other hand, would be more self-determining and hence more fully real. Similarly finite natural things are less "real"—because they are less self-determining—than spiritual things like morally responsible people, ethical communities and God. So any doctrine, such as materialism, that asserts that finite qualities or natural objects are fully real is mistaken.
Question: When was Science of Logic written?
Answer: 1812–1814
Question: Who was the author of Science of Logic?
Answer: Hegel
Question: Why did Hegel believe natural things are less real than spiritual things?
Answer: less self-determining
Question: Along with God and morally responsible people, what is an example of a spiritual thing to Hegel?
Answer: ethical communities
Question: What is an example of a school of thought Hegel believed to be wrong?
Answer: materialism
Question: Why did Hegel argue that finite qualities were real?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Hegel born?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Hegel die?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which doctrine did Hegel support?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are examples of natural things?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (Museo Valenciano de la Ilustracion y la Modernidad), and the Institute of Modern Art (Instituto Valenciano de Arte Moderno). The various productions of Santiago Calatrava, a renowned structural engineer, architect, and sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela have contributed to Valencia's international reputation. These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of the Old City (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability and tourism is continually increasing.
Question: During what period has Valencia had a cultural surge?
Answer: the last thirty years
Question: Which structural engineer's work has helped Valencia's reputation?
Answer: Santiago Calatrava
Question: Which architect other than Calatrava has helped Valencia's reputation?
Answer: Félix Candela
Question: What part of Valencia is undergoing improvements?
Answer: Old City |
Context: The fact that the 1912 exhibition had been curated to show the successive stages through which Cubism had transited, and that Du "Cubisme" had been published for the occasion, indicates the artists' intention of making their work comprehensible to a wide audience (art critics, art collectors, art dealers and the general public). Undoubtedly, due to the great success of the exhibition, Cubism became recognized as a tendency, genre or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal: a new avant-garde movement.
Question: What did the 1912 exhiibtion of Cubism show?
Answer: indicates the artists' intention of making their work comprehensible to a wide audience
Question: What did the 1912 exhibtion of Cubism not show?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of audience did the exhibition not appeal to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What came out of the exhibit failing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did not become a genre after the exhibition?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What wasn't a new avant-garde style?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists. According to this view, the General Baptists shared similarities with Dutch Waterlander Mennonites (one of many Anabaptist groups) including believer's baptism only, religious liberty, separation of church and state, and Arminian views of salvation, predestination and original sin. Representative writers including A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley wrote that among some contemporary Baptist scholars who emphasize the faith of the community over soul liberty, the Anabaptist influence theory is making a comeback.
Question: Who was thought to be influenced by continental Anabaptists?
Answer: early seventeenth-century Baptists
Question: Early seventeenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?
Answer: continental Anabaptists
Question: General Baptists shared similarities with who?
Answer: Dutch Waterlander Mennonites
Question: Who are two representative writers?
Answer: A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley
Question: What were the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites?
Answer: one of many Anabaptist groups
Question: Who was thought to be controlled by continental Anabaptists?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Early sixteenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Anabaptists shared similarities with who?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites avoid?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What theory lost credibility?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues and to review a recent report by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) that had uncovered accounting discrepancies within the two entities. The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as many of the committee members refused to accept the report and instead rebuked OFHEO for their attempt at regulation. Some believe this was an early warning to the systemic risk that the growing market in subprime mortgages posed to the U.S. financial system that went unheeded.
Question: Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?
Answer: Bush administration
Question: Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)
Question: On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: September 10, 2003
Question: What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation
Question: Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: House Financial Services Committee |
Context: Tacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – "The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form of any human countenance." Germania 40: mox vehiculum et vestis et, si credere velis, numen ipsum secreto lacu abluitur – "Afterwards the car, the vestments, and, if you like to believe it, the divinity herself, are purified in a secret lake."
Question: Who wrote the Germania?
Answer: Tacitus
Question: What do the Germans feel it inconsistent to confine gods within?
Answer: walls
Question: Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance?
Answer: human
Question: When is the car used in the ritual purified?
Answer: Afterwards
Question: Where is the divinity herself purified?
Answer: a secret lake |
Context: Also in 2005, Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds (a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks), based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name (Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film). It starred Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning, and, as with past Spielberg films, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) provided the visual effects. Unlike E.T. and Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which depicted friendly alien visitors, War of the Worlds featured violent invaders. The film was another huge box office smash, grossing over $591 million worldwide.
Question: Which studios produced Spielberg's 'War of the Worlds'?
Answer: Paramount and DreamWorks
Question: Who wrote the 'War of the Worlds' book?
Answer: H. G. Wells
Question: When was the first 'War of the Worlds' movie released?
Answer: 1953
Question: Who did the visual effects for 'War of the Worlds'?
Answer: Industrial Light & Magic
Question: How much did 'War of the Worlds' earn?
Answer: over $591 million worldwide
Question: In what year was the novel War of the Worlds published?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the first film Industrial Light & Magic did the visual effects for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did War of the Worlds earn in the US?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did War of the Worlds earn overseas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Dakota Fanning's first movie?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some commentators have defined reverse discrimination as a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority.[non-primary source needed] Many argue that reverse discrimination results from affirmative action policies and that these policies are just another form of discrimination no different from examples in the past. People like Ward Connerly assert that affirmative action requires the very discrimination it is seeking to eliminate. According to these opponents, this contradiction might make affirmative action counter-productive. One argument for reverse discrimination is the idea that affirmative action encourages mediocrity and incompetence. Job positions would not be offered to the applicants who are the most qualified, but to applicants with a special trait such as a certain race, ethnicity, or gender. For example, opponents say affirmative action causes unprepared applicants to be accepted in highly demanding educational institutions or jobs which result in eventual failure (see, for example, Richard Sander's study of affirmative action in Law School, bar exam and eventual performance at law firms). Other opponents say that affirmative action lowers the bar and so denies those who strive for excellence on their own merit and the sense of real achievement. Opponents of affirmative action suggest that merit should be the primary factor considered in applying for job positions, college, graduate school, etc.
Question: What is a definition of reverse discrimination?
Answer: a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority
Question: What do some commentators claim the irony of policies resulting from affirmative action is?
Answer: these policies are just another form of discrimination
Question: Who is an example of someone that states that affirmative action is another form of discrimination?
Answer: Ward Connerly
Question: What does the opposition of affirmative action believe should be the main key in determining acceptance in employment or education?
Answer: merit
Question: An argument against affirmative action is that it encourages what?
Answer: mediocrity and incompetence
Question: What is a definition of discrimination?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do some commentators reject the irony of policies resulting from affirmative action is?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is an example of someone that states that affirmative action is not another form of discrimination?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the opposition of affirmative action believe should be the main key in determining acceptance in unemployment?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: An argument against affirmative action is that it discourages what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French "avoir" and "être". Spanish only retains "haber" and has done away with "ser" in forming compound tenses. However, when it comes to phonological structures, Italian and Spanish have undergone less change than French, with the result that some native speakers of Italian and Spanish may attain a degree of mutual comprehension that permits extensive communication.[citation needed]
Question: What Italian word is similar to the French word "avoir"?
Answer: avere
Question: What French word is similar to the Italian word "essere"?
Answer: être
Question: What two languages have the possibility for significant mutual intelligibility?
Answer: Italian and Spanish
Question: Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian?
Answer: body parts
Question: When forming compound tenses in Spanish, what auxiliary is no longer used?
Answer: sere
Question: In Italian and French which words are very different while the same words are similar in Spanish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which two languages have undergone more change than French regarding phonological structures?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Spanish word is similar to the Italian word avere?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Spanish word is similar to the Italian word essere?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Italian term is similar to avoir?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: For any animal, survival requires maintaining a variety of parameters of bodily state within a limited range of variation: these include temperature, water content, salt concentration in the bloodstream, blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others. The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body—the milieu intérieur, as pioneering physiologist Claude Bernard called it—is known as homeostasis (Greek for "standing still"). Maintaining homeostasis is a crucial function of the brain. The basic principle that underlies homeostasis is negative feedback: any time a parameter diverges from its set-point, sensors generate an error signal that evokes a response that causes the parameter to shift back toward its optimum value. (This principle is widely used in engineering, for example in the control of temperature using a thermostat.)
Question: Homeostasis is defined as what?
Answer: The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body
Question: Homeostasis is Greek for what phrase?
Answer: "standing still"
Question: The milieu interieur term was used by what physiologist?
Answer: Claude Bernard
Question: Homeostasis is like what household tool?
Answer: a thermostat. |
Context: It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully, its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions, whether springing from faith or from civic pride. A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches.
Question: What is an example of where the Gothic style is expressed most strongly?
Answer: churches and cathedrals
Question: Where do the emotions which traits of the Gothic style represent, originate from?
Answer: faith or from civic pride
Question: A great number of what type of buildings still remain from this period today?
Answer: ecclesiastical
Question: With what organization are many Gothic cathedral listed with as World Heritage Sites?
Answer: UNESCO
Question: Why are larger cathedrals and churches associated with the Gothic style?
Answer: larger churches are considered priceless works of art
Question: Where is the Gothic style expressed least strongly?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the emotions which traits of the Gothic style diminish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the only style of building that still remains from this period today?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: With what organization are many Gothic cathedrals unlisted as World Heritage Sites?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why are only smaller cathedrals and churches associated with the Gothic style?
Answer: Unanswerable |
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