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Context: After over a dozen more subpar seasons, in 1981 the Cubs hired GM Dallas Green from Philadelphia to turn around the franchise. Green had managed the 1980 Phillies to the World Series title. One of his early GM moves brought in a young Phillies minor-league 3rd baseman named Ryne Sandberg, along with Larry Bowa for Iván DeJesús. The 1983 Cubs had finished 71–91 under Lee Elia, who was fired before the season ended by Green. Green continued the culture of change and overhauled the Cubs roster, front-office and coaching staff prior to 1984. Jim Frey was hired to manage the 1984 Cubs, with Don Zimmer coaching 3rd base and Billy Connors serving as pitching coach. Question: What year did the Cubs hire GM Dallas Green? Answer: 1981 Question: Where was GM Dallas Green from? Answer: Philadelphia Question: What team had Dallas Green managed in 1980? Answer: Phillies
Context: Von Neumann was born Neumann János Lajos (in Hungarian the family name comes first), Hebrew name Yonah, in Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to wealthy Jewish parents of the Haskalah. He was the eldest of three children. He had two younger brothers: Michael, born in 1907, and Nicholas, who was born in 1911. His father, Neumann Miksa (Max Neumann) was a banker, who held a doctorate in law. He had moved to Budapest from Pécs at the end of the 1880s. Miksa's father and grandfather were both born in Ond (now part of the town of Szerencs), Zemplén County, northern Hungary. John's mother was Kann Margit (Margaret Kann); her parents were Jakab Kann and Katalin Meisels. Three generations of the Kann family lived in spacious apartments above the Kann-Heller offices in Budapest; von Neumann's family occupied an 18-room apartment on the top floor. Question: Where was Von Neumann born? Answer: Budapest Question: Did Von Neumann have any siblings? Answer: two younger brothers Question: What occupation did Von Neumann father hold? Answer: banker Question: When did Von Neuman's father move from Pecs to Budapest? Answer: end of the 1880s Question: What was Von Neumann's mother's name? Answer: Kann Margit
Context: Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings. Question: What were the two proto-political parties? Answer: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party Question: In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin? Answer: 1816 Question: What did the founding fathers not intend American politics to become? Answer: partisan Question: Who were the leaders of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties? Answer: Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison Question: What did James Madison intend the mindset of the Federalist Party to be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Federalist Party founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the Democratic-Republican Party split? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the period called after the Federalist Party was created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long was James Madison involved with the Federalist Party? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Lester Brown has argued that "a world facing the prospect of economically disruptive climate change can no longer justify subsidies to expand the burning of coal and oil. Shifting these subsidies to the development of climate-benign energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate." The International Solar Energy Society advocates "leveling the playing field" by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D, in which the fossil fuel and nuclear power receive the largest share of financial support. Question: What group advocates leveling the playing field? Answer: International Solar Energy Society Question: How does the International Solar Energy Society propse to level the playing field? Answer: by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D Question: What is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate? Answer: development of climate-benign energy sources Question: What group rejects leveling the playing field? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does the International Solar Energy Society propose to not level the playing field? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the key to not stabilizing the earth's climate? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In astronomy, Al-Battani improved the measurements of Hipparchus, preserved in the translation of Ptolemy's Hè Megalè Syntaxis (The great treatise) translated as Almagest. Al-Battani also improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-Battani, Ibn al-Haytham, Averroes and the Maragha astronomers such as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi and Ibn al-Shatir are similar to Copernican heliocentric model. Heliocentric theories may have also been discussed by several other Muslim astronomers such as Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi, Abu-Rayhan Biruni, Abu Said al-Sijzi, Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, and Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī. Question: Whose work did Al-Battani improve? Answer: Hipparchus Question: What does He Megale Syntaxis mean? Answer: The great treatise Question: Which measurement did Al-Battani improve upon? Answer: the Earth's axis Question: The geocentric model is similar to what other model? Answer: Copernican heliocentric model
Context: Namibia has free education for both Primary and secondary education levels. Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 secondary. In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools. The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8% of the GDP being spent on education. Curriculum development, educational research, and professional development of teachers is centrally organised by the National Institute for Educational Development (NIED) in Okahandja. Question: What is the cost of primary and secondary education in Namibia? Answer: free Question: How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in primary school? Answer: 400,325 Question: How many Namibian students were recorded in 1998 in secondary schools? Answer: 115,237 Question: What was the pupil-teacher ratio in Namibia in 1999? Answer: 32:1 Question: What develops the curriculum as well as other educational resources in Namibia? Answer: National Institute for Educational Development Question: What is the capital of Namibia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many teachers are there in Namibia in primary and secondary schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of Namibia's GDP is spent on defense? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the pupil-teacher ratio in 2000? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the population of Okahandja? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Pain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. Psychological factors such as social support, hypnotic suggestion, excitement, or distraction can significantly affect pain's intensity or unpleasantness. In some arguments put forth in physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia debates, pain has been used as an argument to permit terminally ill patients to end their lives. Question: What is the most common reason people go to the doctor in first world countries? Answer: Pain Question: How can pain effect a person's quality of life and general functioning? Answer: interfere Question: Excitement and distraction are what type of factors which affect pain's intensity? Answer: Psychological Question: What has pain sometimes been used as an argument to allow terminally ill patients the right to do? Answer: end their lives Question: What is a developed symptom in most medical conditions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are social suggestion, hypnotic excitement and distraction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has been used in argument for patient-assisted suicide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most common reason for physician euthanasia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place. Question: When does the Premier League have its playing season? Answer: During the course of a season (from August to May) Question: How many games does each club play each season? Answer: each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Question: How many points does each club receive for each win? Answer: Teams receive three points for a win Question: Which criteria is used to rank the clubs? Answer: Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. Question: How is a tie for the championship handled? Answer: If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. Question: How many clubs are currently in the Premier League? Answer: 20 Question: Which month marks the start of a Premier League season? Answer: May Question: How many times does each club play every other club? Answer: twice Question: How many total games does each club in the Premier League play per season? Answer: 38 Question: How many clubs are in the Premier Championship League? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A Premier League season runs from May to when? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During which months does a Premier Championship League take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Each team plays the others three times during the course of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Each season, the 38 clubs in the Premier League play a total of how many games? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s, and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line, mainly because of objections from cab operators to the type of tracks which – although they were laid to the Irish national railway gauge of 5 ft 3in – protruded from the road surface.[citation needed] Question: How many tram systems were in Cork? Answer: two Question: Who wanted to develop a horse drawn tram system? Answer: George Francis Train Question: When did the Cork Tramway Company start a horse driven tram system? Answer: 1872 Question: Why did the Cork Tramway Company stop operations? Answer: Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line Question: Why did the cab operators not like the tracks? Answer: protruded from the road surface Question: Who opposed a horse drawn tram in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of tram was built in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who built the horse drawn tram in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Cork Corporation give permission for in 1875? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company did George Francis Train work for in 1872? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did George Francis Train arrive in Cork? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How tall was George Francis Train? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did George Francis Train refuse to extend the line? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the attachment sit when the horses were hitched to the tram? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Later in Sri Lanka, the Dhammapada was championed as a unifying scripture. Question: In Sri Lanka, what was determined to be the best unifying scripture? Answer: Dhammapada Question: There have been attempts to create a single text with all the main ideas of what religion? Answer: Buddhism Question: condensed study texts where created in what tradition? Answer: Theravada
Context: The other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered a "dialect," as it is the dominant language in a particular state or region, whether in terms of social or political status, official status, predominance or prevalence, or all of the above. Meanwhile, the "dialects" subordinate to the standard language are generally not variations on the standard language but rather separate (but often related) languages in and of themselves. For example, most of the various regional Romance languages of Italy, often colloquially referred to as Italian "dialects," are, in fact, not actually derived from modern standard Italian, but rather evolved from Vulgar Latin separately and individually from one another and independently of standard Italian, long prior to the diffusion of a national standardized language throughout what is now Italy. These various Latin-derived regional languages are therefore, in a linguistic sense, not truly "dialects" of the standard Italian language, but are instead better defined as their own separate languages. Conversely, with the spread of standard Italian throughout Italy in the 20th century, various regional versions or varieties of standard Italian developed, generally as a mix of the national standard Italian with local regional languages and local accents. These variations on standard Italian, known as regional Italian, would more appropriately be called "dialects" in accordance with the first linguistic definition of "dialect," as they are in fact derived partially or mostly from standard Italian. Question: What is the other definition of the term dialect? Answer: a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language Question: How does a dialect stand in relation to the standard language? Answer: subordinate to the standard language Question: The regional Romance languages in what country are sometimes referred to as dialects? Answer: Italy Question: What are 20th century variations on standard Italian called? Answer: regional Italian Question: From what language did the regional Romance languages of Italy derive? Answer: Latin Question: Which variation of Italian are known as national Italian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which language spread throughout Italy during the 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are 19th century variations of standard Italian known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are 20th century variations of standard English known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which languages of the 19th century evolved from Vulgar Latin? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Measuring corruption statistically is difficult if not impossible due to the illicit nature of the transaction and imprecise definitions of corruption. While "corruption" indices first appeared in 1995 with the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI, all of these metrics address different proxies for corruption, such as public perceptions of the extent of the problem. Question: Why is it difficult to measure corruption? Answer: imprecise definitions of corruption Question: When did indices on corruption first appear? Answer: 1995 Question: What was the first index on corruption, in 1995? Answer: the Corruption Perceptions Index CPI
Context: Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the standard was made under the responsibilities of Leon van de Kerkhof (Layer I) and Gerhard Stoll (Layer II). Question: What was only incorporated into Layer III and not Layers I or II? Answer: filter bank Question: Who was the chair that oversaw the editing of the standard? Answer: Professor Musmann Question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer I? Answer: Leon van de Kerkhof Question: Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer II? Answer: Gerhard Stoll
Context: In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Security was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense.[citation needed] Question: What new agency did Bush create after 9/11? Answer: Department of Homeland Security Question: When was the DHS created? Answer: November 2002 Question: What other massive agency's creation was the DHS compared to? Answer: the Department of Defense Question: What did the DHS focus on? Answer: domestic efforts to prevent future attacks Question: What did the Bush administration do instead of military efforts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Bush agency was created before 9/11? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the armed forces consolidated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which administration created the Department of Defense? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan. Question: What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world? Answer: vernacular buildings Question: Why did the economy begin to expand? Answer: a surplus in production Question: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were made? Answer: trial and error Question: What is a popular type of architecture that still exists around the planet? Answer: vernacular Question: In what environment were many of the first human settlements? Answer: rural Question: What sort of an effect did a growing economy have on human settlements? Answer: urbanization Question: At what speed did urban settlements sometimes expand? Answer: rapidly Question: What type of buildings are not built mostly through out the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the economy stop expanding? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were not made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what environment were many of the latest human settlements? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The CJK ideographs currently have codes only for their precomposed form. Still, most of those ideographs comprise simpler elements (often called radicals in English), so in principle, Unicode could have decomposed them, as it did with Hangul. This would have greatly reduced the number of required code points, while allowing the display of virtually every conceivable ideograph (which might do away with some of the problems caused by Han unification). A similar idea is used by some input methods, such as Cangjie and Wubi. However, attempts to do this for character encoding have stumbled over the fact that ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly as Hangul does. Question: The CJK ideographs comprise simpler elements called what in English? Answer: radicals Question: Why have ideographs been unable to be simplified like Hangul? Answer: ideographs do not decompose as simply or as regularly Question: What would be the benefit of Unicode decomposing ideographs? Answer: greatly reduced the number of required code points Question: What ideographs do not have codes for their precomposed form yet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are precomposed forms called in English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are called radicals in Hangul? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Unicode do to CJK ideographs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decomposes regularly in Wubi? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There was also widespread vote rigging, with the French expelling thousands of Somalis before the referendum reached the polls. The majority of those who voted no were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, Vice President of the Government Council. Harbi was killed in a plane crash two years later. Djibouti finally gained its independence from France in 1977, and Hassan Gouled Aptidon, a Somali who had campaigned for a yes vote in the referendum of 1958, eventually wound up as Djibouti's first president (1977–1991). Question: What was Djibouti called in 1958? Answer: French Somaliland Question: In what year did Somalia become independent? Answer: 1960 Question: What was Mahmoud Harbi's title? Answer: Vice President of the Government Council Question: When did Djibouti achieve independence? Answer: 1977 Question: Who was the first president of Djibouti? Answer: Hassan Gouled Aptidon
Context: The apparently sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record initially posed such a problem for the theory of evolution that it was called an "abominable mystery" by Charles Darwin. However, the fossil record has considerably grown since the time of Darwin, and recently discovered angiosperm fossils such as Archaefructus, along with further discoveries of fossil gymnosperms, suggest how angiosperm characteristics may have been acquired in a series of steps. Several groups of extinct gymnosperms, in particular seed ferns, have been proposed as the ancestors of flowering plants, but there is no continuous fossil evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved. Some older fossils, such as the upper Triassic Sanmiguelia, have been suggested. Based on current evidence, some propose that the ancestors of the angiosperms diverged from an unknown group of gymnosperms in the Triassic period (245–202 million years ago). Fossil angiosperm-like pollen from the Middle Triassic (247.2–242.0 Ma) suggests an older date for their origin. A close relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes, proposed on the basis of morphological evidence, has more recently been disputed on the basis of molecular evidence that suggest gnetophytes are instead more closely related to other gymnosperms.[citation needed] Question: What did Charles Darwin call the sudden appearance of nearly modern flowers in the fossil record? Answer: abominable mystery Question: What type of fossil is the recently discovered Archaefructus? Answer: angiosperm Question: What fossil evidence is lacking when it comes to flowers? Answer: evidence showing exactly how flowers evolved Question: From what period does fossilized pollen suggest an older date for angiosperm origin? Answer: Middle Triassic Question: What relationship proposed on the basis of morphological evidence has recently been disputed? Answer: relationship between angiosperms and gnetophytes Question: What was ancestors of angiosperms suddenly appearing called by Charles Darwin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have several groups of Archaefructus been proposed to be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is missing to show how ancestors of angiosperms diverged from an unknown group? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why has the relationship between gnetophytes and gymnosperms been disputed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of fossil is the recently discovered Sanmiguelia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1713 Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal emperor, appointed Asif Jah I to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty. Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. The death of Asif Jah I in 1748 resulted in a period of political unrest as his sons, backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces, contended for the throne. The accession of Asif Jah II, who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the treaty of Masulipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent. Question: What position did Farrukhsiyar hold? Answer: emperor Question: Who was the Viceroy of the Deccan under Farrukhsiyar? Answer: Asif Jah I Question: What official title did the Viceroy of Deccan hold? Answer: Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm) Question: In what year was Mubariz Khan defeated by Asif Jah I? Answer: 1724 Question: What did Asif Jah I rename Deccan Suba to? Answer: Hyderabad Deccan
Context: Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Australia by an American president, his friend Lyndon B. Johnson. Holt's government introduced the Migration Act 1966, which effectively dismantled the White Australia Policy and increased access to non-European migrants, including refugees fleeing the Vietnam War. Holt also called the 1967 Referendum which removed the discriminatory clause in the Australian Constitution which excluded Aboriginal Australians from being counted in the census – the referendum was one of the few to be overwhelmingly endorsed by the Australian electorate (over 90% voted 'yes'). By the end of 1967, the Liberals' initially popular support for the war in Vietnam was causing increasing public protest. Question: Government under whom experienced the conversion to decimal currency? Answer: Holt Question: Which of Holt's stances received some public opposition? Answer: commitment to the growing War in Vietnam Question: Which Referendum allowed Indigenous Australians to be counted in the Census? Answer: 1967 Referendum Question: What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum? Answer: 90% Question: Government under whom experienced the conversion to the referendum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Holt's stances received popular support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Referendum allowed Vietnam to be counted in the Census? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What overwhelming percent of Aboriginal Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the the Migration Act 1966 expand? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Under a banner of "reducing public drunkenness" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed to have a low alcohol content, as the local water was often unsafe. Even the evangelical church and temperance movements of the day viewed the drinking of beer very much as a secondary evil and a normal accompaniment to a meal. The freely available beer was thus intended to wean the drinkers off the evils of gin, or so the thinking went. Question: What law allowed the existence of beer houses? Answer: Beer Act of 1830 Question: In what way did small beer differ from regular beer? Answer: low alcohol content Question: What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer? Answer: gin Question: What was the intention behind the passage of the Beer Act of 1830? Answer: reducing public drunkenness
Context: Cotton lisle is a finely-spun, tightly twisted type of cotton that is noted for being strong and durable. Lisle is composed of two strands that have each been twisted an extra twist per inch than ordinary yarns and combined to create a single thread. The yarn is spun so that it is compact and solid. This cotton is used mainly for underwear, stockings, and gloves. Colors applied to this yarn are noted for being more brilliant than colors applied to softer yarn. This type of thread was first made in the city of Lisle, France (now Lille), hence its name. Question: What is a fine, tightly twisted type of cotton fabric? Answer: Cotton lisle Question: What is lisle considered to be as a fabric? Answer: strong and durable Question: What does extra twisting of lisle thread produce? Answer: single thread Question: Where was the lisle thread originally made? Answer: Lisle, France Question: How is color perceived to be for lisle in comparison to softer yarns? Answer: more brilliant Question: What is a fine, tightly twisted type of cotton glove? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is lisle considered to be as a city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does extra twisting of gloves produce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were gloves originally made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is color perceived to be for gloves in comparison with stockings? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind." Question: What holy document takes the view of Mary back to the creation of man and woman ? Answer: papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus Question: What specific part the Bible does this document reference for Mary ? Answer: Genesis 3:15 Question: According to the document what did the forebears already have knowledge of before Mary came about ? Answer: the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence Question: Where was Mary represented (according to the Holy document ) on the vessel that wandered the sea for forty days and forty nights ? Answer: in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world Question: What holy document says Mary was present in Eden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who would Mary never be completely triumphant over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did God have foreshading of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Moses see from earth to heaven? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed. Question: How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton? Answer: 630 Question: In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton? Answer: 2,000 Question: Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids? Answer: thousands
Context: While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989. Question: Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact? Answer: NATO Question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment? Answer: Czechoslovakia Question: What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress? Answer: Solidarity Question: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment? Answer: Czechoslovakia Question: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively? Answer: 1989 Question: What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact? Answer: Solidarity Question: There was direct confrontation between the Warsaw Pact and which organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact economic deployment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who functioned successfully when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Easter Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the Albanian revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1992, the university drafted a new Statement on Academic Freedom, specifying that limitations may be placed upon "expression with students or in public that: (1) contradicts or opposes, rather than analyzes or discusses, fundamental Church doctrine or policy; (2) deliberately attacks or derides the Church or its general leaders; or (3) violates the Honor Code because the expression is dishonest, illegal, unchaste, profane, or unduly disrespectful of others." These restrictions have caused some controversy as several professors have been disciplined according to the new rule. The American Association of University Professors has claimed that "infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly poor." The new rules have not affected BYU's accreditation, as the university's chosen accrediting body allows "religious colleges and universities to place limitations on academic freedom so long as they publish those limitations candidly", according to associate academic vice president Jim Gordon. The AAUP's concern was not with restrictions on the faculty member's religious expression but with a failure, as alleged by the faculty member and AAUP, that the restrictions had not been adequately specified in advance by BYU: "The AAUP requires that any doctrinal limitations on academic freedom be laid out clearly in writing. We [AAUP] concluded that BYU had failed to do so adequately." Question: In what year did BYU draft a new Statement on Academic Freedom? Answer: 1992 Question: The new Statement on Academic Freedom allows students to analyze and discuss Church doctrine but does not allow student expressions that do what? Answer: contradicts or opposes Question: What cannot be violated because the expression is dishonest according to the new Statement on Academic Freedom? Answer: Honor Code Question: How many professors have been disciplined according to the new Statement on Academic Freedom? Answer: several Question: Who claimed that infringements on academic freedom are distressingly common and that the climate for academic freedom is distressingly por? Answer: The American Association of University Professors Question: What did the university draft in 1929? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Association of American University Professors claim? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the new rules have an effect on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organization was Jim Gordon the president of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does AUAP stand for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Botany was greatly stimulated by the appearance of the first "modern" text book, Matthias Schleiden's Grundzüge der Wissenschaftlichen Botanik, published in English in 1849 as Principles of Scientific Botany. Schleiden was a microscopist and an early plant anatomist who co-founded the cell theory with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow and was among the first to grasp the significance of the cell nucleus that had been described by Robert Brown in 1831. In 1855, Adolf Fick formulated Fick's laws that enabled the calculation of the rates of molecular diffusion in biological systems. Question: What was the first modern text book? Answer: Grundzüge der Wissenschaftlichen Botanik Question: What was Schleiden's profession? Answer: microscopist Question: What theory did Schleiden co-found? Answer: cell theory Question: What do Fick's laws do? Answer: calculation of the rates of molecular diffusion
Context: The Norfolk Island Group Nepean Island is also home to breeding seabirds. The providence petrel was hunted to local extinction by the beginning of the 19th century, but has shown signs of returning to breed on Phillip Island. Other seabirds breeding there include the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel, wedge-tailed shearwater, Australasian gannet, red-tailed tropicbird and grey ternlet. The sooty tern (known locally as the whale bird) has traditionally been subject to seasonal egg harvesting by Norfolk Islanders. Question: What island in the Norfolk Island Group is home to breeding seabirds? Answer: Nepean Island Question: What near extinct bird of Norfolk Island has shown signs of population increase? Answer: The providence petrel Question: Where has the providence petrel been seen breeding on Norfolk Island? Answer: Phillip Island Question: What other types of petrels breed on Phillip Island? Answer: the white-necked petrel, Kermadec petrel Question: What is the sooty tern known as on Norfolk Island? Answer: the whale bird Question: What island in the Norfolk Island Group is home to bioluminescent seabirds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What near extinct bird of Norfolk Island has shown signs of population decrease? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where has the providence petrel never been seen breeding on Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other types of petrels are extinct on Phillip Island? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Local artists and bands rose to prominence in the 1960s and 70s including: the MC5, The Stooges, Bob Seger, Amboy Dukes featuring Ted Nugent, Mitch Ryder and The Detroit Wheels, Rare Earth, Alice Cooper, and Suzi Quatro. The group Kiss emphasized the city's connection with rock in the song Detroit Rock City and the movie produced in 1999. In the 1980s, Detroit was an important center of the hardcore punk rock underground with many nationally known bands coming out of the city and its suburbs, such as The Necros, The Meatmen, and Negative Approach. Question: What music genre was big in Detroit in the 1980s? Answer: hardcore punk rock underground Question: What year did the movie about Kiss come out? Answer: 1999 Question: In which decades did bands like MC5 and Rare Earth become big in Detroit? Answer: 1960s and 70s
Context: In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, his wife Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson and her son Lloyd Osbourne sailed on the Janet Nicoll, a trading steamer owned by Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, New Zealand, which operated between Sydney and Auckland and into the central Pacific. The Janet Nicoll visited three of the Ellice Islands; while Fanny records that they made landfall at Funafuti, Niutao and Nanumea, Jane Resture suggests that it was more likely they landed at Nukufetau rather than Funafuti. An account of this voyage was written by Fanny Stevenson and published under the title The Cruise of the Janet Nichol, together with photographs taken by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne. Question: What writer visited the Tuvalu Islands in 1890? Answer: Robert Louis Stevenson Question: When did Robert Louis Stevenson sail on the ship Janet Nicoll? Answer: 1890 Question: What type of ship was the Janet Nicoll? Answer: trading steamer Question: Who recorded the trip aboard the Janet Nicoll? Answer: Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson Question: What was the title of the travel book written by Fanny Vandegrift Stevenson? Answer: The Cruise of the Janet Nichol
Context: In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records. Question: What album did Queen release in 1982? Answer: Hot Space Question: Where did Queen record their 1982 album? Answer: Munich Question: What was the name of Freddie Mercury's personal manager? Answer: Paul Prenter Question: Queen left what label before signing with EMI? Answer: Elektra Records Question: On which season of Saturday Night Live did Queen perform? Answer: the eighth season
Context: There are two broad categories of public funding, direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect, which includes broadcasting time on state media, use of the mail service or supplies. According to the Comparative Data from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, out of a sample of over 180 nations, 25% of nations provide no direct or indirect public funding, 58% provide direct public funding and 60% of nations provide indirect public funding. Some countries provide both direct and indirect public funding to political parties. Funding may be equal for all parties or depend on the results of previous elections or the number of candidates participating in an election. Frequently parties rely on a mix of private and public funding and are required to disclose their finances to the Election management body. Question: What are the two categories of public funding? Answer: direct, which entails a monetary transfer to a party, and indirect Question: Which percentage of nations provide no direct or indirect public funding? Answer: 25% Question: What percentage of nations provide direct funding? Answer: 58% Question: Are parties required to reveal their funding? Answer: required to disclose their finances to the Election management body. Question: What percentage of nations provide indirect funding? Answer: 60% Question: What is one type of political party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do you have to broadcast on if you are a member of a direct party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people know about the ACE Electoral Knowledge network? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many known political parties are there worldwide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of information do over 180 parties disclose to the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The iPod has also been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music. Question: What period of music did the iPod help bring to a close? Answer: the Album Era Question: In which industry did the iPod have a major impact? Answer: music industry Question: What did the iPod promote that prompted a big change in the music industry? Answer: digital music storage Question: The ease of collecting singles with the iPod and iTunes is credited with ending what "era" in pop music? Answer: the Album Era
Context: In the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a portion of this energy. Question: What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems? Answer: 50 Question: How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations? Answer: 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) Question: How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations? Answer: 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) Question: What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems? Answer: Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies
Context: The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a "Nation of Poets" and a "Nation of Bards" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence. Question: Somali food contains influences from what region? Answer: Southeast Asian Question: Along with textiles, wood carving and pottery, what ancient cultural activity still dominates Somalia today? Answer: monumental architecture Question: Who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"? Answer: Margaret Laurence Question: Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"? Answer: Canadian Question: What is the profession of the individual who referred to Somalia as a "Nation of Bards"? Answer: novelist
Context: By 1976, Queen were back in the studio recording A Day at the Races, which is often regarded as a sequel album to A Night at the Opera. It again borrowed the name of a Marx Brothers movie, and its cover was similar to that of A Night at the Opera, a variation on the same Queen Crest. The most recognisable of the Marx Brothers, Groucho Marx, invited Queen to visit him in his Los Angeles home in March 1977; there the band thanked him in person, and performed "'39" a cappella. Musically, A Day at the Races was by both fans' and critics' standards a strong effort, reaching number one in the UK and Japan, and number five in the US. The major hit on the album was "Somebody to Love", a gospel-inspired song in which Mercury, May, and Taylor multi-tracked their voices to create a 100-voice gospel choir. The song went to number two in the UK, and number thirteen in the US. The album also featured one of the band's heaviest songs, May's "Tie Your Mother Down", which became a staple of their live shows. Question: What Queen album was released in 1976? Answer: A Day at the Races Question: What was the major hit from Queen's 1976 album? Answer: Somebody to Love Question: Which heavy Queen song is a favorite at live shows? Answer: Tie Your Mother Down Question: Which comedian invited Queen to visit him in 1977? Answer: Groucho Marx Question: Which Queen members layered their voices on Somebody to Love? Answer: Mercury, May, and Taylor
Context: When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853, fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities. The ensuing Crimean War (1854–56), which involved new techniques of modern warfare, and was the only global war fought between Britain and another imperial power during the Pax Britannica, was a resounding defeat for Russia. The situation remained unresolved in Central Asia for two more decades, with Britain annexing Baluchistan in 1876 and Russia annexing Kirghizia, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. For a while it appeared that another war would be inevitable, but the two countries reached an agreement on their respective spheres of influence in the region in 1878 and on all outstanding matters in 1907 with the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente. The destruction of the Russian Navy by the Japanese at the Battle of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 also limited its threat to the British. Question: When did Russia invade the Turkish Balkans? Answer: 1853 Question: What was took place in 1854-1856? Answer: Crimean War Question: Who lost the Crimean War? Answer: Russia Question: When did Britain take over Baluchistan? Answer: 1876 Question: Which country took over Kazakhstan? Answer: Russia
Context: Napoleon's noble, moderately affluent background afforded him greater opportunities to study than were available to a typical Corsican of the time. In January 1779, he was enrolled at a religious school in Autun. In May, he was admitted to a military academy at Brienne-le-Château. His first language was Corsican, and he always spoke French with a marked Corsican accent and never learned to spell French properly. He was teased by other students for his accent and applied himself to reading. An examiner observed that Napoleon "has always been distinguished for his application in mathematics. He is fairly well acquainted with history and geography... This boy would make an excellent sailor."[note 3] Question: When did Napoleon begin religious schooling in Autun? Answer: January 1779 Question: Where was the first military academy Napoleon attended located? Answer: Brienne-le-Château Question: What was Napoleon's first language? Answer: Corsican Question: Why did other students often tease Napoleon? Answer: his accent Question: According to a school examiner, Napoleon was best at which academic subject? Answer: mathematics
Context: In the early 20th century, Carl von Voit and Max Rubner independently measured caloric energy expenditure in different species of animals, applying principles of physics in nutrition. In 1906, Edith G. Willcock and Frederick Hopkins showed that the amino acid tryptophan aids the well-being of mice but it did not assure their growth. In the middle of twelve years of attempts to isolate them, Hopkins said in a 1906 lecture that "unsuspected dietetic factors," other than calories, protein, and minerals, are needed to prevent deficiency diseases. In 1907, Stephen M. Babcock and Edwin B. Hart conducted the single-grain experiment, which took nearly four years to complete. Question: What was measured in the early 20th century? Answer: caloric energy expenditure Question: What did Carl von Voit and Max Rubner apply to nutrition in order to receive their results? Answer: principles of physics Question: Which amino acid can assist with the well - being of mice but not necessarily their growth? Answer: tryptophan Question: What did Hopkins believe was required other than calories, protein and minerals to help prevent deficiency diseases? Answer: unsuspected dietetic factors Question: Which experiment related to diet was conducted that required four years to complete? Answer: single-grain experiment
Context: The administration of Lord North (1770–1782) tried to defeat the colonist rebellion by military force. British and American forces clashed in 1775 and, in 1776, came the American Declaration of Independence. Burke was appalled by celebrations in Britain of the defeat of the Americans at New York and Pennsylvania. He claimed the English national character was being changed by this authoritarianism. Burke wrote: "As to the good people of England, they seem to partake every day more and more of the Character of that administration which they have been induced to tolerate. I am satisfied, that within a few years there has been a great Change in the National Character. We seem no longer that eager, inquisitive, jealous, fiery people, which we have been formerly". Question: When did Lord North take office? Answer: 1770 Question: When did Lord North leave office? Answer: 1782 Question: Which victories against the Americans did the British celebrate? Answer: New York and Pennsylvania Question: How did Burke feel about the British celebrating victories against the Americans? Answer: appalled Question: When was the American Declaration of Independence issued? Answer: 1776 Question: When was Lord North born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Lord North feel about the British celebrations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What states were the Americans victorious over Britain in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Burke claim authoritarianism was being changed by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was published in 1775? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Asia, the spread of Buddhism led to large-scale ongoing translation efforts spanning well over a thousand years. The Tangut Empire was especially efficient in such efforts; exploiting the then newly invented block printing, and with the full support of the government (contemporary sources describe the Emperor and his mother personally contributing to the translation effort, alongside sages of various nationalities), the Tanguts took mere decades to translate volumes that had taken the Chinese centuries to render.[citation needed] Question: Where did Buddhism spread? Answer: Asia Question: Buddhism's spread led to what large-scale effort? Answer: translation Question: How long did the translation effort take? Answer: well over a thousand years Question: What Empire was especially good at translation? Answer: The Tangut Empire Question: What were the Tanguts able to do in only decades that took the Chinese centuries? Answer: translate volumes Question: Where did Buddhism end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What small-scale effort was led to by the spread of Buddhism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did the translation effort stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Empire was not good at translation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the Tanguts not able to do that took the Chinese centuries? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bacteria are easily grown on nutrient agar, a form of solid medium that supplies carbohydrates and proteins necessary for growth of a bacterium, along with copious amounts of water. A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from other colonies or melded together into a "lawn". The size, color, shape and form of a colony is characteristic of the bacterial species, its specific genetic makeup (its strain), and the environment that supports its growth. Other ingredients are often added to the plate to aid in identification. Plates may contain substances that permit the growth of some bacteria and not others, or that change color in response to certain bacteria and not others. Bacteriological plates such as these are commonly used in the clinical identification of infectious bacterium. Microbial culture may also be used in the identification of viruses: the medium in this case being cells grown in culture that the virus can infect, and then alter or kill. In the case of viral identification, a region of dead cells results from viral growth, and is called a "plaque". Eukaryotic parasites may also be grown in culture as a means of identifying a particular agent. Question: What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? Answer: Microbiological Question: What type of medium is provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture? Answer: growth Question: What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on? Answer: nutrient agar Question: What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate? Answer: a colony Question: What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called? Answer: a "plaque" Question: What type of hammer is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of medium is not typically provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are most pathogenic bacteria unable to grow on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it called when an invisible mound forms on the surface of a plate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a planet of dead cells resulting from viral growth called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Lancashire has a mostly comprehensive system with four state grammar schools. Not including sixth form colleges, there are 77 state schools (not including Burnley's new schools) and 24 independent schools. The Clitheroe area has secondary modern schools. Sixth form provision is limited at most schools in most districts, with only Fylde and Lancaster districts having mostly sixth forms at schools. The rest depend on FE colleges and sixth form colleges, where they exist. South Ribble has the largest school population and Fylde the smallest (only three schools). Burnley's schools have had a new broom and have essentially been knocked down and started again in 2006. There are many Church of England and Catholic faith schools in Lancashire. Question: How many state grammar schools are in Lancashire? Answer: four Question: How many state schools are in Lancashire? Answer: 77 Question: How many independant schools are in Lancashire? Answer: 24 Question: Who has the largest school population? Answer: South Ribble Question: Who has the smallest school population? Answer: Fylde Question: How many sixth form colleges are there in Lancashire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many schools are there in total in the Clitheroe area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What's the size of the South Ribble school population? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Church of England established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Catholic faith schools are there in Lancashire? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those novel items immediately and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Dogs have advanced memory skills. A study documented the learning and memory capabilities of a border collie, "Chaser", who had learned the names and could associate by verbal command over 1,000 words. Dogs are able to read and react appropriately to human body language such as gesturing and pointing, and to understand human voice commands. Dogs demonstrate a theory of mind by engaging in deception. A study showed compelling evidence that Australian dingos can outperform domestic dogs in non-social problem-solving experiment, indicating that domestic dogs may have lost much of their original problem-solving abilities once they joined humans. Another study indicated that after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Modern domestic dogs use humans to solve their problems for them. Question: What is the name of the dog that could ID over 200 things? Answer: Rico Question: What is the name of the Border collie that knew over 1000 words? Answer: Chaser Question: In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things? Answer: gesturing and pointing Question: What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment? Answer: Australian dingos Question: What is one thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for? Answer: to solve their problems for them. Question: Perceiving information and retaining it is what? Answer: intelligence Question: How many labels does Rico the dog know? Answer: over 200 Question: What kind of memory skills do dogs have? Answer: advanced Question: How many words did Chaser know? Answer: over 1,000
Context: In the Papal States, which existed until 1870, Jews were required to live only in specified neighborhoods called ghettos. In the 19th and (before the end of World War II) 20th centuries, the Roman Catholic Church adhered to a distinction between "good antisemitism" and "bad antisemitism". The "bad" kind promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent. This was considered un-Christian because the Christian message was intended for all of humanity regardless of ethnicity; anyone could become a Christian. The "good" kind criticized alleged Jewish conspiracies to control newspapers, banks, and other institutions, to care only about accumulation of wealth, etc. Question: When did the Papal States exist? Answer: until 1870 Question: In the Papal States, what is the name for the specified neighborhoods where Jews were required to live? Answer: ghettos Question: What promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent? Answer: bad antisemitism Question: What existed after 1870? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were Jews required to live outside of in the Papal States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not make a distinction between "good" and "bad" antisemitism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What conspiracies were alleged about the Catholic Church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the "bad" kind of antisemitism not promote? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Coffeehouses were especially important to the spread of knowledge during the Enlightenment because they created a unique environment in which people from many different walks of life gathered and shared ideas. They were frequently criticized by nobles who feared the possibility of an environment in which class and its accompanying titles and privileges were disregarded. Such an environment was especially intimidating to monarchs who derived much of their power from the disparity between classes of people. If classes were to join together under the influence of Enlightenment thinking, they might recognize the all-encompassing oppression and abuses of their monarchs and, because of their size, might be able to carry out successful revolts. Monarchs also resented the idea of their subjects convening as one to discuss political matters, especially those concerning foreign affairs - rulers thought political affairs to be their business only, a result of their supposed divine right to rule. Question: Which venue created a unique environment in which people from many different walks of life could gather and share ideas? Answer: Coffeehouses Question: Coffehouses were criticized by which group of people, fearing the possiblity of an environmentin which class was disregarded? Answer: nobles Question: What societal group derived much of their power from the disparity between classes of people? Answer: Monarchs Question: Which societal group believed they held a divine right to rule and resented the idea of their subjects convening to discuss political matters? Answer: Monarchs
Context: Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an organism's genes are essential. In bacteria, an estimated 250–400 genes are essential for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, which is less than 10% of their genes. Half of these genes are orthologs in both organisms and are largely involved in protein synthesis. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the number of essential genes is slightly higher, at 1000 genes (~20% of their genes). Although the number is more difficult to measure in higher eukaryotes, mice and humans are estimated to have around 2000 essential genes (~10% of their genes). Question: What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism? Answer: Essential genes Question: What does the definition of essential genes assume an absence of? Answer: environmental stress Question: How many genes are essential for Escherichia coli? Answer: 250–400 Question: What fraction of Escherichia coli's essential genes are orthologs? Answer: Half Question: How many essential genes does Saccharomyces cerevisiae have? Answer: 1000 genes
Context: On June 14, 1987, about 5,000 people gathered again at Freedom Monument in Riga, and laid flowers to commemorate the anniversary of Stalin's mass deportation of Latvians in 1941. This was the first large demonstration in the Baltic republics to commemorate the anniversary of an event contrary to official Soviet history. The authorities did not crack down on demonstrators, which encouraged more and larger demonstrations throughout the Baltic States. The next major anniversary after the August 23 Molotov Pact demonstration was on November 18, the date of Latvia’s independence in 1918. On November 18, 1987, hundreds of police and civilian militiamen cordoned off the central square to prevent any demonstration at Freedom Monument, but thousands lined the streets of Riga in silent protest regardless. Question: Where did the demonstrators meet in June of 1987? Answer: Freedom Monument Question: Where is Freedom Monument? Answer: Riga Question: What did the protesters do? Answer: laid flowers Question: Who were the protesters remembering? Answer: Latvians Question: Where did further protests take place? Answer: Baltic States
Context: A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins; and argots. Question: Along with grammar and pronunciation, what distinguishes a dialect? Answer: vocabulary Question: If only the pronunciation differs from the standard language, what term is sometimes used? Answer: accent Question: What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary? Answer: jargons Question: Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety? Answer: argots Question: In which ways do dialects remain undistinguished? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with jargon and pronunciation, how is a dialect distinguished? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with slang and grammar, how is a dialect distinguished? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are a few examples of varieties in prosody? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for differences in slang? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic. The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when Syria seceded, thus ending the union. During most of its existence, the United Arab Republic was also in a loose confederation with North Yemen (or the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen), known as the United Arab States. In 1959, the All-Palestine Government of the Gaza Strip, an Egyptian client state, was absorbed into the United Arab Republic under the pretext of Arab union, and was never restored. Question: In what year did Egypt and Syria Form a sovereign union? Answer: 1958 Question: What was the sovereign union with Syria known? Answer: United Arab Republic Question: How long did the union with Syria last? Answer: 1961
Context: Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839, ninety-seven in 1849, ninety-one in 1859, and 138 in 1855." With so many candidates competing for the speakership, it is not at all clear that one of the defeated lawmakers then assumed the mantle of "minority leader." The Democratic minority from 1861 to 1875 was so completely disorganized that they did not "nominate a candidate for Speaker in two of these seven Congresses and nominated no man more than once in the other five. The defeated candidates were not automatically looked to for leadership." Question: What made identifying House leadership difficult? Answer: Internal party disunity Question: How many candidates was typical in early fields for speaker? Answer: at least twenty different candidates Question: From 1861 to 1875 how many times was Dmocratic minority speaker not nominated? Answer: two of these seven Congresses Question: What atmosphere was most prevalent in congress from 1834 through 1859? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Democratic minority make more difficult in 1834? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Democrats assume the role of in 1855? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were Democrats not automatically looked to for in 1834? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many candidates were there from 1861-1875 for speaker? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Disagreements over the island's relationship with Australia were put in sharper relief by a 2006 review undertaken by the Australian government. Under the more radical of two models proposed in the review, the island's legislative assembly would have been reduced to the status of a local council. However, in December 2006, citing the "significant disruption" that changes to the governance would impose on the island's economy, the Australian government ended the review leaving the existing governance arrangements unaltered. Question: How many models did Australia propose to Norfolk Island's legislative assembly? Answer: two Question: What would the more severe of the proposed plans threaten to reduce Norfolk Island's assembly to? Answer: a local council Question: When did the Australian government end their review on Norfolk Island? Answer: December 2006 Question: The Australian government said that changes to Norfolk Island's government would cause what? Answer: significant disruption Question: How many models did Australia end as part of Norfolk Island's legislative assembly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would the more severe of the proposed plans threaten to promote Norfolk Island's assembly to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the European government end their review on Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Australian government say that changes to Norfolk Island's government would not cause? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Resource mismanagement is a particular problem with NPOs because the employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization. For example, an employee may start a new program without disclosing its complete liabilities. The employee may be rewarded for improving the NPO's reputation, making other employees happy, and attracting new donors. Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization but not recorded anywhere constitute accounting fraud. But even indirect liabilities negatively affect the financial sustainability of the NPO, and the NPO will have financial problems unless strict controls are instated. Some commentators have also argued that receiving significant funding from large for-profit corporations can ultimately alter the NPO's functions. Question: What is a major hurdle of the financial aspect of an NPO? Answer: Resource mismanagement Question: How is resource mismanagement allowed to happen so easily? Answer: employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization Question: How can an NPO help to prevent financial problems? Answer: strict controls Question: What can constitute accounting fraud when nothing is recorded? Answer: Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization Question: What can a large influx of money from a for-profit company do to an organization? Answer: alter the NPO's functions Question: Why is making employees happy a problem with NPO's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can an employee do with the organization's reputation without disclosing donors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are three ways a commentator is rewarded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can a for-profit organization prevent financial problems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can large corporations attracting donors do to a NPO? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hayek had a long-standing and close friendship with philosopher of science Karl Popper, also from Vienna. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski." (See Hacohen, 2000). Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper and, in 1982, said that "ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology". Popper also participated in the inaugural meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society. Their friendship and mutual admiration, however, do not change the fact that there are important differences between their ideas. Question: Which fellow Vienna native was Hayek friends with? Answer: Karl Popper Question: Who is the only exception from whom Hayek claims to have learned more than he did from Popper? Answer: Alfred Tarski Question: Hayek dedicated many of his papers to Popper based on a dedication Popper made to him in which of his work? Answer: Conjectures and Refutations Question: Which of Popper's works was the first to grasp Hayek's attention? Answer: Logik der Forschung Question: Popper was present for which notable Mont Pelerin Society event? Answer: the inaugural meeting
Context: A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life and interest in committing even to those unchosen roles that he or she occupies. Foreclosure is when a person has not chosen extensively in the past, but seems willing to commit to some relevant values, goals, or roles in the future. Moratorium is when a person displays a kind of flightiness, ready to make choices but unable to commit to them. Finally, achievement is when a person makes identity choices and commits to them. Question: What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments? Answer: relative weakness or relative strength Question: What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment? Answer: identity diffusion Question: What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future? Answer: identity foreclosure Question: What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit? Answer: identity moratorium Question: What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices? Answer: identity achievement Question: What is both relatively weak or relatively strong? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the permutation when a person embraces exploration and commitment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a permutation when a person is not ready to make a commitment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a permutation when a person cannot make an identity choice wants to commit to them? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church. Question: On what date did the peace conference on Staten Island occur? Answer: September 11, 1776 Question: Who was the British representative at the Conference House meeting? Answer: Lord Howe Question: What notable catastrophe took place under the British occupation? Answer: Great Fire of New York Question: In what modern-day borough did the Great Fire happen? Answer: Manhattan Question: What noted religious building was destroyed in the Great Fire? Answer: Trinity Church Question: Who was the English general who met with Benjamin Franklin on Septermber 11, 1776? Answer: Lord Howe Question: Which natural disaster happened after English occupation of Lower Manhattan? Answer: the Great Fire of New York
Context: The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondary starch source, such as maize (corn), rice or sugar, often being termed an adjunct, especially when used as a lower-cost substitute for malted barley. Less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghum and cassava root in Africa, and potato in Brazil, and agave in Mexico, among others. The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill. Question: What causes fermentation during the brewing process when making a beer? Answer: yeast Question: Which ingredient gives beer its flavor? Answer: hops Question: What vegetable is sometimes used as a grain source for beer in Brazil? Answer: potato Question: What is a popular grain source for brewing beer in Mexico? Answer: agave Question: In a recipe, what would you call the list of each source of starch in beer? Answer: the grain bill Question: What are several widely used starch sources that are used and found in various countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the bill grain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the basic ingredients of water? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does starch turn into when fermented in addition to carbon? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups. Question: When did the US send troops to the Philippines to battle terrorists? Answer: January 2002 Question: Terrorists in the Philippines were linked to what larger terrorist organization? Answer: al-Qaida Question: Where did anti-terrorist fighting take place? Answer: the Sulu Archipelago Question: How many troops did the US initially send to the Philippines? Answer: 1,200 Question: What was the name of the Philippine terrorist group the US was sent to help combat? Answer: Abu Sayyaf Question: When did the UK send troops to the Philippines to battle terrorists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Terrorists in the Koreas were linked to what larger terrorist organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did terrorist fighting take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many troops did the US initially send to the Koreas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the Philippine terrorist group the UK was sent to help combat? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation, Fritz Klein developed the Klein sexual orientation grid (KSOG), a multidimensional scale for describing sexual orientation. Introduced in Klein's book The Bisexual Option, the KSOG uses a 7-point scale to assess seven different dimensions of sexuality at three different points in an individual's life: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what would you choose if it were completely your choice). Question: What does KSOG stand for? Answer: Klein sexual orientation grid Question: Who invented the KSOG? Answer: Fritz Klein Question: Why did pritz klein come up with the KSOG? Answer: response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation Question: What kind of scale does the KSOG use? Answer: a 7-point scale Question: What three points in life does the KSOG evaluate? Answer: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what would you choose if it were completely your choice).
Context: Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire around 800, including northern Italy and Rome, brought on a brief period of stability and unity in Francia. This created opportunities for Jewish merchants to settle again north of the Alps. Charlemagne granted the Jews freedoms similar to those once enjoyed under the Roman Empire. In addition, Jews from southern Italy, fleeing religious persecution, began to move into central Europe.[citation needed] Returning to Frankish lands, many Jewish merchants took up occupations in finance and commerce, including money lending, or usury. (Church legislation banned Christians from lending money in exchange for interest.) From Charlemagne's time to the present, Jewish life in northern Europe is well documented. By the 11th century, when Rashi of Troyes wrote his commentaries, Jews in what came to be known as "Ashkenaz" were known for their halakhic learning, and Talmudic studies. They were criticized by Sephardim and other Jewish scholars in Islamic lands for their lack of expertise in Jewish jurisprudence (dinim) and general ignorance of Hebrew linguistics and literature. Yiddish emerged as a result of language contact with various High German vernaculars in the medieval period. It was written with Hebrew letters, and heavily influenced by Hebrew and Aramaic. Question: Did Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire bring about a brief period of upheaval or stability in Francia? Answer: a brief period of stability Question: Charlemagne's expansion of the Frankish empire created opportunities for Jewish merchants to settle where? Answer: north of the Alps Question: Charlemagne granted the Jews freedoms similar to those enjoyed under which previous empire? Answer: Roman Empire Question: When Jews began to return to Frankish lands many took up occupations in which two fields? Answer: finance and commerce Question: Which language emerged as a result of language contact with various High German vernaculars during the medieval period? Answer: Yiddish
Context: The terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called bitumen. Geologists often prefer the term bitumen. Common usage often refers to various forms of asphalt/bitumen as "tar", such as at the La Brea Tar Pits. Another archaic term for asphalt/bitumen is "pitch". Question: How are the words bitumen and asphalt frequently used? Answer: interchangeably Question: Where is bitumen the usual term for refined residue from crude oils? Answer: United States Question: What is asphalt called outside of the US? Answer: bitumen Question: What group likes the term bitumen instead of asphalt? Answer: Geologists Question: What is a naming term for asphalt? Answer: tar Question: The term asphalt is often preferred by who? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Tar is an archaic term for what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Pitch and what other term are often used interchangeably? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Another way to say asphalt tar is to simply say what ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the substance usually called outside of the La Brea Tar Pits? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White—including one per cent White Irish—3.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race. Question: What race makes up the vast majority of Southampton's population? Answer: White Question: What percentage of the population of Southampton is Black, according to the 2001 Census? Answer: 1.0 Question: Going by the 2001 Census, what percentage of Southampton's population is of mixed race? Answer: 1.5 Question: What percentage of the white population did the 2001 Census show were White Irish? Answer: one Question: According to the 2001 Census, what race comprises 3.8% of people living in Southampton? Answer: South Asian
Context: At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit, both films received Academy Award nominations, and Anne was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Richard Burton), Best Actress (Geneviève Bujold), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Quayle). Wallis retired from Universal after making the film Rooster Cogburn (1975), a sequel to True Grit (1969), which Wallis had produced at Paramount. Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne, reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film, and Katharine Hepburn, their only film together. The film was only a moderate success. Question: Who produced Anne of the Thousand Days? Answer: Hal B. Wallis Question: Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on? Answer: Maxwell Anderson Question: In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made? Answer: 1971 Question: Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod? Answer: Richard Burton Question: What was the name of the sequel to True Grit produced by Universal? Answer: Rooster Cogburn Question: What company did B. Hal Wallis work at before Universal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company did B. Hal Wallis work at after Paramount? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did May of the Thousand Days come out? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Anne, Queen of Scots come out? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 1969 film was a sequel to True Grit? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: TB infection begins when the mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they invade and replicate within endosomes of alveolar macrophages. Macrophages identify the bacterium as foreign and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. During this process, the bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored temporarily in a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. The phagosome then combines with a lysosome to create a phagolysosome. In the phagolysosome, the cell attempts to use reactive oxygen species and acid to kill the bacterium. However, M. tuberculosis has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances. M. tuberculosis is able to reproduce inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell. Question: What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection? Answer: pulmonary alveoli Question: What's the process by which macrophages try to get rid of the TB bacterium? Answer: phagocytosis Question: What do you get when you combine a lysosome and a phagosome? Answer: a phagolysosome Question: What does the M. tuberculosis bacterium have that protects it from being affected by toxins? Answer: mycolic acid capsule Question: What vesicle is the temporary holding room for the M. tuberculosis bacterium during phagocytosis? Answer: phagosome Question: What replicates inside the pulmonary alveoli? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What begins when the endosomes reach the pulmonary alveoli? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do the bacterium identify? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What envelopes the macrophage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the combination of a lysosome and a phagolysosome create? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a "theocratic organization", reflecting their belief that it is God's "visible organization" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[note 1] all of whom profess to be of the "anointed" class with a hope of heavenly life—based in the Watch Tower Society's Brooklyn headquarters. There is no election for membership; new members are selected by the existing body. Until late 2012, the Governing Body described itself as the representative and "spokesman" for God's "faithful and discreet slave class" (approximately 10,000 self-professed "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses). At the 2012 Annual Meeting of the Watch Tower Society, the "faithful and discreet slave" was defined as referring to the Governing Body only. The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities. It appoints all branch committee members and traveling overseers, after they have been recommended by local branches, with traveling overseers supervising circuits of congregations within their jurisdictions. Traveling overseers appoint local elders and ministerial servants, and while branch offices may appoint regional committees for matters such as Kingdom Hall construction or disaster relief. Question: How are Jehovah Witnesses organized? Answer: hierarchically Question: What does the theocratic organization of Jehovah Witnesses reflect on Earth? Answer: God's "visible organization" Question: What gender are all the members of the Governing Body? Answer: male Question: How many members does the Governing Body consist of? Answer: seven Question: Who does the Governing Body direct? Answer: several committees Question: How many Governing Body members were there in late 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many self-professed "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses were there as of 2012 in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many traveling overseers are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many circuits of congregations make up the Jehovah's Witnesses organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many "anointed" Jehovah's Witnesses were there as of 2014? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Russians sent a fleet to Sinop in northern Anatolia. In the Battle of Sinop on 30 November 1853 they destroyed a patrol squadron of Ottoman frigates and corvettes while they were anchored in port. Public opinion in the UK and France was outraged and demanded war. Sinop provided the United Kingdom and France with the casus belli ("cause for war") for declaring war against Russia. On 28 March 1854, after Russia ignored an Anglo-French ultimatum to withdraw from the Danubian Principalities, the UK and France formally declared war. Question: What battle took place on November 30, 1853? Answer: Battle of Sinop Question: What did the Russian send to Sinop? Answer: a fleet Question: While anchored in the port, what did the Russians destroy? Answer: a patrol squadron of Ottoman frigates and corvettes Question: What did Battle of Sinop provide for France and the U.K? Answer: cause for war Question: When did the Russia disregard the ultimatum to leave the Danubian Principalities? Answer: 28 March 1854
Context: The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries. This organization developed a scribal bureaucracy (known as "men of the pen") as a distinct group, partly highly trained ulama, which developed into a professional body. The effectiveness of this professional financial body stands behind the success of many great Ottoman statesmen. Question: Two of the most developed economic organizations under the Ottoman Empire were what? Answer: the treasury and chancery Question: What were the scribes of the chancery known as? Answer: men of the pen Question: Part of the scribal bureaucracy were trained what? Answer: ulama Question: What did the scribal bureaucracy become? Answer: a professional body Question: The Ottoman Empire had the most developed economic organizations among Islamic Governments until which century? Answer: the 17th century
Context: Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. Question: Who noted that cranes traveled from Scythia to the Nile? Answer: Aristotle Question: Who repeats Aristotle's observations? Answer: Pliny the Elder Question: Where did Pliny the Elder repeat Aristotle's observations? Answer: in his Historia Naturalis Question: What kind of bird did Aristotle and Pliny the Elder write about? Answer: cranes
Context: Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. Question: Which political practice did Montesquieu originate? Answer: Separation of powers Question: How many divisions of the government did Montesquieu call for? Answer: three Question: What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers? Answer: United States Constitution Question: What kind of oversight does the separation of powers help to promote? Answer: checks and balances Question: What was the doctrine called that allowed the three branches of government to check the powers of each other? Answer: separation of powers Question: What originates in the writings of the Legislative powers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who urged for a government with four individual branches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which doctrine did the US call for three separate branches of government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which philosophy was a great influence on the Legislative branch of government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which document was greatly influenced by the idea of a constitutional government? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, SAP HANA, and IBM DB2. A database is not generally portable across different DBMSs, but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one DBMS. Database management systems are often classified according to the database model that they support; the most popular database systems since the 1980s have all supported the relational model as represented by the SQL language.[disputed – discuss] Sometimes a DBMS is loosely referred to as a 'database'. Question: What does DBMS stand for? Answer: database management system Question: What is the purpose of a DBMS? Answer: to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases Question: How are DBMSs classified? Answer: according to the database model that they support Question: What is the most popular DBMS? Answer: SQL language Question: What does DBMS stand against? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a DBMS designed to avoid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is generally portable across different DBMSs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the least popular DBMS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did popular database systems stop releasing updates? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown. Question: What dominant hair color is to believed to be prevalent among Greeks Answer: conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown Question: Which colors lay outside of the nor for those of Greek descent ? Answer: significant minorities having black and blonde hair Question: What eye color is believed to be the norm among Greeks ? Answer: 57.4% dark brown Question: What eye color shows the least presence among those of Greek heritage ? Answer: 14.6% blue/green Question: What dominant hair color is not believed to be prevalent among Greeks Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which colors lay outside of the nor for those of French descent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What eye color is not believed to be the norm among Greeks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What eye color shows the most presence among those of Greek heritage Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) above sea level. The only major areas of lower land are in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys, which form the Amu Darya. Dushanbe is located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley. Question: What is the smalled nation in the Central Asia area? Answer: Tajikistan Question: Where exactly is Tajikistan? Answer: between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°) Question: What mountian range runs through Tajikistan? Answer: the Pamir range Question: What area is under sea level? Answer: in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys Question: Where is Dushanbe located? Answer: on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley Question: Which country is the largest nation in Central Asia by area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is covered by valleys of the Pamir range? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has more than eighty percent of the country above sea level? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The major areas of what are in the south? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which valleys form the Amika Darya? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Montana has a larger Native American population numerically and percentage-wise than most U.S. states. Although the state ranked 45th in population (according to the 2010 U.S. Census), it ranked 19th in total native people population. Native people constituted 6.5 percent of the state's total population, the sixth highest percentage of all 50 states. Montana has three counties in which Native Americans are a majority: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. Other counties with large Native American populations include Blaine, Cascade, Hill, Missoula, and Yellowstone counties. The state's Native American population grew by 27.9 percent between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose just 1.6 percent), and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7 percent), Havre (13.0 percent), Great Falls (5.0 percent), Billings (4.4 percent), and Anaconda (3.1 percent) had the greatest percentage of Native American residents in 2010. Billings (4,619), Great Falls (2,942), Missoula (1,838), Havre (1,210), and Polson (706) have the most Native Americans living there. The state's seven reservations include more than twelve distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups. Question: What percentage of the population in Montana are Native peoples? Answer: 6.5 percent Question: What three counties are Native Americans a majority? Answer: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt Question: Between what years did the Native population increase by 27.9% Answer: 1980 and 1990
Context: The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakistani Punjab. From west to east, these are: the Indus, Jhelum, Beas, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Nearly 60% of Pakistan's population lives in the Punjab. It is the nation's only province that touches every other province; it also surrounds the federal enclave of the national capital city at Islamabad. In the acronym P-A-K-I-S-T-A-N, the P is for Punjab. Question: Which province in Pakistan borders the other 3 provinces? Answer: Punjab Question: What is Pakistan's capital? Answer: Islamabad Question: How many rivers are in Punjab, Pakistan? Answer: five Question: What is the easternmost river in Punjab? Answer: Sutlej Question: How much of Pakistan's population lives in Punjab? Answer: Nearly 60% Question: What is Faisalabad the capital of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many rivers are in Multan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the Pakistan population resides in Sargodha? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the P in the acronym Punjab represent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the S in Pakistan stand for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most Indian and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive. Question: Aspiration and preaspiration are used in what? Answer: phonetics Question: Aspirated consonants are what in English? Answer: allophones Question: What are two language types where the difference is contrastive? Answer: Indian and East Asian Question: What creates a strong burst of breath? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are aspirated consonants in the Asian language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Allophones are similar in what two languages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What accompanies the opening of some obstruents? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What uses a weak burst of breath? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The principal battles of the stalemate include the Battle of Bloody Ridge (18 August–15 September 1951), the Battle of the Punchbowl (31 August-21 September 1951), the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge (13 September–15 October 1951), the Battle of Old Baldy (26 June–4 August 1952), the Battle of White Horse (6–15 October 1952), the Battle of Triangle Hill (14 October–25 November 1952), the Battle of Hill Eerie (21 March–21 June 1952), the sieges of Outpost Harry (10–18 June 1953), the Battle of the Hook (28–29 May 1953), the Battle of Pork Chop Hill (23 March–16 July 1953), and the Battle of Kumsong (13–27 July 1953). Question: When was the Battle of White Horse? Answer: 6–15 October 1952 Question: What year was the Battle of Bloody Ridge? Answer: 1951 Question: What was the shortest of the major battles fought during the stalemate? Answer: the Battle of the Hook
Context: The genocide was implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and massacre. There was local Armenian resistance in the region, developed against the activities of the Ottoman Empire. The events of 1915 to 1917 are regarded by Armenians and the vast majority of Western historians to have been state-sponsored mass killings, or genocide. Question: What do the Armenians see the events of 1915-1917 as? Answer: state-sponsored mass killings, or genocide Question: How many phases were there to the Armenian Genocide? Answer: two phases Question: What did the first phase of the Armenian Genocide involve? Answer: killing of the able-bodied male population Question: What did the second phase of the Armenian Genocide involve? Answer: deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm Question: Where did the Armenian Genocide death marches push the deportees to? Answer: Syrian desert
Context: Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously. Question: When was the German Mediatisation? Answer: 1795 to 1814 Question: When were the mediatisation changes confirmed? Answer: The 1815 Congress of Vienna Question: Which kingdom acquired some Thuringian territory? Answer: the Kingdom of Prussia Question: Who led the unification of Germany in 1871? Answer: Prussian-led Question: Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 1? Answer: Weimar Question: When was the German Mediatisation unknown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the Mediatisation changes denied? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which kingdom lost some Thuringian territory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who stopped the unification of Germany in 1871? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 3? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The climate has become warmer in Montana and continues to do so. The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold spells. Previously these cold spells had killed off bark beetles which are now attacking the forests of western Montana. The combination of warmer weather, attack by beetles, and mismanagement during past years has led to a substantial increase in the severity of forest fires in Montana. According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, portions of Montana will experience a 200-percent increase in area burned by wildfires, and an 80-percent increase in related air pollution. Question: In what year did many cities in Montana set heat records? Answer: 2007 Question: What month was the hottest ever recorded? Answer: July Question: What problem has substantially increased in its severity? Answer: forest fires
Context: In Asia, various Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates controlled the Asian sphere. In Japan, the Edo period from 1600 to 1868 is also referred to as the early modern period. And in Korea, from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong is referred to as the early modern period. In the Americas, Native Americans had built a large and varied civilization, including the Aztec Empire and alliance, the Inca civilization, the Mayan Empire and cities, and the Chibcha Confederation. In the west, the European kingdoms and movements were in a movement of reformation and expansion. Russia reached the Pacific coast in 1647 and consolidated its control over the Russian Far East in the 19th century. Question: Who controlled the Asian Sphere during the period between 1600-1868? Answer: Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates Question: What is the period between 1600-1868 referred to as? Answer: the Edo period Question: What is the Edo period also known as? Answer: the early modern period Question: What is time is considered the "Modern Period" in Korea? Answer: from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong Question: Name one of the tribes Native Americans established in the Americas. Answer: Aztec Empire Question: What two groups controlled the Asian Sphere? Answer: Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates Question: What time is referred to as the Edo period? Answer: 1600 to 1868 Question: What is the 'Early Modern period" known as in Japan? Answer: the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong Question: Name one of the tribes Native Americans formed in the Americas? Answer: Aztec Empire
Context: Most of the Korean Presbyterian denominations share the same name in Korean, 대한예수교장로회 (literally means the Presbyterian Church of Korea or PCK), tracing its roots to the United Presbyterian Assembly before its long history of disputes and schisms. The Presbyterian schism began with the controversy in relation to the Japanese shrine worship enforced during the Japanese colonial period and the establishment of a minor division (Koryu-pa, 고려파, later The Koshin Presbyterian Church in Korea, Koshin 고신) in 1952. And in 1953 the second schism happened when the theological orientation of the Chosun Seminary (later Hanshin University) founded in 1947 could not be tolerated in the PCK and another minor group (The Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea, Kijang, 기장) was separated. The last major schism had to do with the issue of whether the PCK should join the WCC. The controversy divided the PCK into two denominations, The Presbyterian Church of Korea (Tonghap, 통합) and The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong, 합동) in 1959. All major seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage from the Pyung Yang Theological Seminary, therefore, not only Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary and Chongsin University which are related to PCK but also Hanshin University of PROK all celebrated the 100th class in 2007, 100 years from the first graduates of Pyung Yang Theological Seminary. Question: Most of the churches in Korea carry the same name, what is it? Answer: Presbyterian Church of Korea Question: What year did the second schism take place? Answer: 1953 Question: What was the main reason for the latest schism? Answer: whether the PCK should join the WCC Question: What year was the Chosun Seminary founded? Answer: 1947 Question: In what year did the Korean church celebrate the 100th class? Answer: 2007 Question: What caused the third schism to happen in 1953? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Hanshin University, formerly known as Presbyterian Church of Korea, founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Chosun Seminary, later known as United Presbyterian Assembly, founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In was year was the PCK divided into three denominations because of a controversy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From where do all minor seminaries associated with each denomination claim heritage? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city of Richmond operates 28 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and eight high schools, serving a total student population of 24,000 students. There is one Governor's School in the city − the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies. In 2008, it was named as one of Newsweek magazine's 18 "public elite" high schools, and in 2012, it was rated #16 of America's best high schools overall. Richmond's public school district also runs one of Virginia's four public charter schools, the Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts, which was founded in 2010. Question: How many high schools are there in Richmond? Answer: eight Question: How many primary and secondary school students attend school in Richmond? Answer: 24,000 Question: For whom is the Governor's School in Richmond named? Answer: Maggie L. Walker Question: Where was Richmond's Governor's School rated by Newsweek in 2012? Answer: 16 Question: When did Patrick Henry School of Science and Arts open its doors? Answer: 2010
Context: In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child. Released on November 15, 2004, in the US and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, Destiny Fulfilled included the singles "Lose My Breath" and "Soldier", which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. The group released their first compilation album Number 1's on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006. Question: Destiny's Child's final album was named what? Answer: Destiny Fulfilled Question: Destiny's Child got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in what year? Answer: 2006 Question: In what year did Beyonce embark on her Dangerously in Love tour of Europe? Answer: November 2003 Question: What was the name of the final album of Destiny's Child? Answer: Destiny Fulfilled Question: It was announced that Destiny's Child would disban in what European city? Answer: Barcelona Question: When did Destiny's Child get their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame? Answer: March 2006 Question: What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003? Answer: Dangerously in Love Tour Question: Who did Beyoncé tour with for the Verizon Lades First Tour? Answer: Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys Question: What major event did Beyoncé perform at on February 1, 2004? Answer: Super Bowl XXXVIII Question: What is the name of the final studio album from Destiny's Child? Answer: Destiny Fulfilled.
Context: The Old Swiss Confederacy had acquired a reputation of invincibility during these earlier wars, but expansion of the federation suffered a setback in 1515 with the Swiss defeat in the Battle of Marignano. This ended the so-called "heroic" epoch of Swiss history. The success of Zwingli's Reformation in some cantons led to inter-cantonal religious conflicts in 1529 and 1531 (Wars of Kappel). It was not until more than one hundred years after these internal wars that, in 1648, under the Peace of Westphalia, European countries recognized Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its neutrality. Question: Which Battle was the first to interrupt the seeming invincibility of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1515? Answer: Battle of Marignano Question: What inter-cantonal conflicts resulted in the Wars of Kappel? Answer: religious Question: In what year did European countries first recognize Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire? Answer: 1648 Question: In what two years were the Wars of Kappel? Answer: 1529 and 1531 Question: Under the Peace of Westphalia, who finally recognized Switzerland's neutrality? Answer: European countries
Context: The Egyptians were one of the first major civilisations to codify design elements in art and architecture. Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate is a pigment used by Egyptians for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings. Egyptian civilisation is renowned for its colossal pyramids, temples and monumental tombs. Well-known examples are the Pyramid of Djoser designed by ancient architect and engineer Imhotep, the Sphinx, and the temple of Abu Simbel. Modern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as diverse as any works in the world art scene, from the vernacular architecture of Hassan Fathy and Ramses Wissa Wassef, to Mahmoud Mokhtar's sculptures, to the distinctive Coptic iconography of Isaac Fanous. The Cairo Opera House serves as the main performing arts venue in the Egyptian capital. Question: What color was frequently used in Egyptian designs? Answer: Egyptian blue Question: What art required adherence to rigid code? Answer: wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs Question: What is the main performing arts venue in Egyptian capital? Answer: The Cairo Opera House Question: Who designed the Pyramid of Djoser? Answer: Imhotep
Context: After World War II, Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish immigration limits, as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels. The Haganah joined Irgun and Lehi in an armed struggle against British rule. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of Jewish Holocaust survivors and refugees sought a new life far from their destroyed communities in Europe. The Yishuv attempted to bring these refugees to Palestine but many were turned away or rounded up and placed in detention camps in Atlit and Cyprus by the British. Escalating violence culminated with the 1946 King David Hotel bombing which Bruce Hoffman characterized as one of the "most lethal terrorist incidents of the twentieth century". In 1947, the British government announced it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine, stating it was unable to arrive at a solution acceptable to both Arabs and Jews. Question: What country experienced conflict with the Jewish community after World War II? Answer: Britain Question: When was the King David Hotel bombing? Answer: 1946 Question: When did the British government announce it would withdraw from Mandatory Palestine? Answer: 1947
Context: A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today. Question: Why did the Grand Orient de France conclude that Freemasonry shouldn't require religious belief? Answer: Freemasonry was not a religion Question: What was removed from the Freemasonry constitution? Answer: existence of God and the immortality of the soul Question: Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France? Answer: United Grand Lodge of England Question: What was a possible condition that made the United Grand Lodge of England withdraw it's recognition of the Grand Orient de France? Answer: political tension between France and Britain Question: How was the belief of the existance of God and the immortal soul replaced in the constitution? Answer: Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity Question: What year was it ruled that Freemasonry was not a religion? Answer: 1875 Question: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England? Answer: Grand Orient of France Question: What was a motivation of the Grand Lodge of England's objection? Answer: political tension between France and Britain Question: Who disputed the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils? Answer: Grand Orient de France Question: Why did the Grand Orient de France conclude that Freemasonry should require religious belief? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was added to the Freemasonry constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who maintained permanent recognition with the Grand Orient de France? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was the belief of the existence of God and the immortal soul explained in the constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was it ruled that Freemasonry was a religion? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Safety testing of mine shaft elevator rails is routinely undertaken. The method involves destructive testing of a segment of the cable. The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds. Each end of the segment is then secured in a large, hydraulic stretching machine. The segment is then placed under increasing load to the point of failure. Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled and a report is produced. The report is then analyzed to determine whether or not the entire rail is safe to use. Question: What part of the mine shaft requires routine testing? Answer: elevator rails Question: What type of testing is done to the an area of the cable? Answer: destructive testing Question: What is the first step in destructive testing? Answer: The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds Question: Afterwards, what type of machine is the segment secured in? Answer: hydraulic stretching machine Question: What types of information are collected in the process? Answer: Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled
Context: By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat). Question: What street in Islington was named for a pub run by Mr Ball? Answer: Balls Pond Road Question: On what street was the Grecian Saloon located? Answer: City Road Question: What pub was the home of the Grecian Saloon? Answer: The Eagle Question: What is rhyming slang for 'coat'? Answer: weasel Question: In what century did saloons become established? Answer: 18th
Context: Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual information about Virgil, some of their evidence can be shown to rely on inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing; thus, Virgil's biographical tradition remains problematic. Question: Who was Virgil's editor? Answer: Varius Question: Whose two commentaries were incorporated into Virgil's biography by Suetonius? Answer: Servius and Donatus Question: What do the comentaries rely on for some of their information about Virgil? Answer: inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing Question: Is Virgil's biographical tradition easily researched or is it problematic? Answer: problematic Question: Who edited Donatus' commentaries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people did Virgil write biographies about? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Varius most famous for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote a biography of Servius? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote the most about Virgil? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly (which succeeded the previous Assembly) by popular vote. Question: When did the Federal District receive more power? Answer: 1987 Question: When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District? Answer: 1997 Question: How is the leader of Mexico City now established? Answer: popular vote Question: What gave the Federal District more autonomy? Answer: first Statute of Government
Context: Memories of the Nazi occupation were still strong, and the rearmament of Germany was feared by France too. On 30 August 1954 French Parliament rejected the EDC, thus ensuring its failure and blocking a major objective of US policy towards Europe: to associate Germany militarily with the West. The US Department of State started to elaborate alternatives: Germany would be invited to join NATO or, in the case of French obstructionism, strategies to circumvent a French veto would be implemented in order to obtain a German rearmament outside NATO. Question: Which NATO country feared a unified and rearmed Germany? Answer: France Question: Memories of what occupation were fading by 1954? Answer: Unanswerable Question: France had no fear of what country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which parliament rejected the EDC on 30 April 1954? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which country wanted to keep Germany militarily against the West? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Criminal Court, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Universal Postal Union, World Bank, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Community, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, International Organization for Standardization, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, International Mathematical Olympiad. The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the Apollo-Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975. Question: For which mission did NASA astronauts first learn Russian? Answer: Apollo-Soyuz Question: When did Apollo-Soyuz fly? Answer: 1975 Question: What are Russian astronauts called? Answer: cosmonauts Question: What math competition has Russian as an official language? Answer: International Mathematical Olympiad Question: When was the International Space Station launched into space? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the IMF created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the UN take part in launching in 1975? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organization supports NASA astronauts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organization first began taking donations in 1975? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2000, Apple released the Power Mac G4 Cube, their first desktop since the discontinued Power Macintosh G3, to slot between the iMac G3 and the Power Mac G4. Even with its innovative design, it was initially priced US$200 higher than the comparably-equipped and more-expandable base Power Mac G4, while also not including a monitor, making it too expensive and resulting in slow sales. Apple sold just 29,000 Cubes in Q4 of 2000 which was one third of expectations, compared to 308,000 Macs during that same quarter, and Cube sales dropped to 12,000 units in Q1 of 2001. A price drop and hardware upgrades could not offset the earlier perception of the Cube's reduced value compared to the iMac and Power Mac G4 lineup, and it was discontinued in July 2001. Question: What desktop did Apple release after the discontinued Power Macintosh G3? Answer: Power Mac G4 Cube Question: Why were sales of the Power Mac G4 Cube slow? Answer: too expensive Question: What did the Power Mac G4 have trouble overcoming after they dropped their price and upgraded their hardware? Answer: earlier perception Question: When was the Power Mac G4 discontinued? Answer: July 2001 Question: How did the actual sales of the G4's compare to the sales expectations? Answer: one third of expectations Question: What desktop did Apple release after the discontinued Power Macintosh G2? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were sales of the Power Mac G5 Cube slow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Power Mac G5 have trouble overcoming after they dropped their price and upgraded their hardware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Power Mac G5 discontinued? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the actual sales of the G5's compare to the sales expectations? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Ismailis differ from Twelvers because they had living imams for centuries after the last Twelver Imam went into concealment. They followed Isma'il ibn Jafar, elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim, as the rightful Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Ismailis believe that whether Imam Ismail did or did not die before Imam Ja'far, he had passed on the mantle of the imamate to his son Muḥammad ibn Ismail as the next imam. Thus, their line of imams is as follows (the years of their individual imamats during the Common Era are given in brackets): Question: How do Ismailis differ from Twelvers? Answer: living imams Question: Who is the elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim? Answer: Isma'il ibn Jafar Question: Who is the father of Isma'il ibn Jafar? Answer: Ja'far al-Sadiq Question: What did Imam Ismail pass on to his son? Answer: mantle of the imamate
Context: In several nations, rulers welcomed leaders of the Enlightenment at court and asked them to help design laws and programs to reform the system, typically to build stronger national states. These rulers are called "enlightened despots" by historians. They included Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, Leopold II of Tuscany, and Joseph II of Austria. Joseph was over-enthusiastic, announcing so many reforms that had so little support that revolts broke out and his regime became a comedy of errors and nearly all his programs were reversed. Senior ministers Pombal in Portugal and Struensee in Denmark also governed according to Enlightenment ideals. In Poland, the model constitution of 1791 expressed Enlightenment ideals, but was in effect for only one year as the nation was partitioned among its neighbors. More enduring were the cultural achievements, which created a nationalist spirit in Poland. Question: Leaders of the Enlightenment that helped design laws and programs to reform the court system are called what by historians? Answer: enlightened despots Question: Which enlightened despot was so over-enthusiastic that revolts broke out and nearly all of his programs were reversed? Answer: Joseph II of Austria Question: In what country was the model constitution of 1791 in effect for only one year? Answer: Poland Question: From what country was Enlightenment leader Catherine the Great? Answer: Russia
Context: Jack Brickhouse manned the Cubs radio and especially the TV booth for parts of five decades, the 34-season span from 1948 to 1981. He covered the games with a level of enthusiasm that often seemed unjustified by the team's poor performance on the field for many of those years. His trademark call "Hey Hey!" always followed a home run. That expression is spelled out in large letters vertically on both foul pole screens at Wrigley Field. "Whoo-boy!" and "Wheeee!" and "Oh, brother!" were among his other pet expressions. When he approached retirement age, he personally recommended his successor. Question: Who manned the Cubs radio and TV booth for parts of five decades? Answer: Jack Brickhouse Question: What was Jack Brickhouse's trademark call? Answer: Hey Hey! Question: What did Jack Brickhouse do when he approached his retirement age? Answer: he personally recommended his successor
Context: Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts. Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526. Other expeditions by Spanish and English ships followed. The islands derive their name from British explorer John Marshall, who visited in 1788. The islands were historically known by the inhabitants as "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Question: Who were the original settlers of the area that became the Marshall Islands? Answer: Micronesian colonists Question: How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands? Answer: traditional stick charts Question: In what year did a European explorer first see the Marshall Islands? Answer: 1526 Question: Which explorer first saw the Marshall Islands? Answer: Alonso de Salazar Question: For whom are the Marshall Islands named? Answer: John Marshall Question: During what span were the Marshall Islands first settled? Answer: 2nd millennium BC Question: In what decade did Europeans first visit the Marshall Islands? Answer: 1520s Question: In what month and year did a European first arrive at the Marshall Islands? Answer: August 1526 Question: After whom are the Marshall Islands named? Answer: John Marshall
Context: The 2000 U.S. Census in the write-in response category had a code listing which standardizes the placement of various write-in responses for automatic placement within the framework of the U.S. Census's enumerated races. Whereas most responses can be distinguished as falling into one of the five enumerated races, there remains some write-in responses which fall into the "Mixture" heading which cannot be racially categorized. These include "Bi Racial, Combination, Everything, Many, Mixed, Multi National, Multiple, Several and Various". Question: What does the "mixture" heading mean? Answer: cannot be racially categorized Question: What year did the US Census write in response category have a code-listing? Answer: 2000 Question: Bi-racial would be coded as what? Answer: Mixture Question: How many race options were there? Answer: five enumerated races Question: What did the 1990 census have in the write-in response category? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the code listing destandardize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What heading can be racially categorized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the census have eight enumerated races? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many race options did the Canadian census have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with eight B.S. degrees offered. Additionally, the college offers five-year dual degree programs with the Colleges of Arts and Letters and of Business awarding additional B.A. and Master of Business Administration (MBA) degrees, respectively. Question: In what year was the College of Engineering at Notre Dame formed? Answer: 1920 Question: Before the creation of the College of Engineering similar studies were carried out at which Notre Dame college? Answer: the College of Science Question: How many departments are within the Stinson-Remick Hall of Engineering? Answer: five Question: How many BS level degrees are offered in the College of Engineering at Notre Dame? Answer: eight Question: The College of Science began to offer civil engineering courses beginning at what time at Notre Dame? Answer: the 1870s