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Context: From circa 1932 until 1977, General Electric polluted the Housatonic River with PCBs discharges from the General Electric plant at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, made by Monsanto was the primary contaminant of the pollution. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the Housatonic River are found in Woods Pond in Lenox, Massachusetts, just south of Pittsfield, where they have been measured up to 110 mg/kg in the sediment. About 50% of all the PCBs currently in the river are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam. This is estimated to be about 11,000 pounds of PCBs. Former filled oxbows are also polluted. Waterfowl and fish who live in and around the river contain significant levels of PCBs and can present health risks if consumed. Question: Which river did GE pollute with PCBs from its plant in Pittsfield, MA? Answer: Housatonic River Question: What were the primary contaminants contained in the pollution discharged into the Housatonic River? Answer: Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260 Question: Which company produced the Aroctor 1254 and Aroctor 1260? Answer: Monsanto Question: How many pounds of PCBs are estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam? Answer: 11,000 Question: How high have the levels of PCBs in the sediments behind Woods Pond dam been measured at? Answer: 110 mg/kg Question: In what year was Monsanto founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much Aroclor 1254 was found in Pittsfield? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Monsanto create Aroclor 1260? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many pounds of PCBs are found in Pittsfield? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much PCBs is found in waterfowl and fish in the Housatonic River? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Plymouth is the regional television centre of BBC South West. A team of journalists are headquartered at Plymouth for the ITV West Country regional station, after a merger with ITV West forced ITV Westcountry to close on 16 February 2009. The main local newspapers serving Plymouth are The Herald and Western Morning News with Radio Plymouth , BBC Radio Devon, Heart South West , and Pirate FM being the main local radio stations. Question: What television station has its regional headquarters in Plymouth? Answer: BBC South West Question: What regional ITV station serves Plymouth? Answer: ITV West Country Question: On what date did ITV Westcountry cease to operate? Answer: 16 February 2009 Question: With what channel did ITV Westcountry merge? Answer: ITV West Question: What BBC radio station operates in Plymouth? Answer: BBC Radio Devon
Context: In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the time cost between 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year. This was unaffordable for most South African citizens, and so the South African government committed to providing ARVs at prices closer to what people could afford. To do so, they would need to ignore the patents on drugs and produce generics within the country (using a compulsory license), or import them from abroad. After international protest in favour of public health rights (including the collection of 250,000 signatures by MSF), the governments of several developed countries (including The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US) backed the South African government, and the case was dropped in April of that year. Question: How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost? Answer: 10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year Question: Who brought litigation to South Africa? Answer: 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies Question: How many signatures were collected by MSF? Answer: 250,000 signatures Question: When was litigation brought to South Africa? Answer: March 2001 Question: Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped? Answer: The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US Question: How many companies sued South Africa for its Medicines Act? Answer: 40 Question: South Africa's Medicines Act allowed for the generic production of what kind of drugs? Answer: antiretroviral Question: How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly? Answer: between 10,000 and 15,000 USD Question: How many signatures were collected supporting public health rights? Answer: 250,000 Question: How much did treatment for each patient in ARV cost? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who brought litigation to the ARV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many signatures were collected by ARV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was litigation brought to ARV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Renewable energy is also the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources. As the cost of renewable power falls, the scope of economically viable applications increases. Renewable technologies are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity. Where "oil-fired generation is the predominant power generation source (e.g. on islands, off-grid and in some countries) a lower-cost renewable solution almost always exists today". As of 2012, renewable power generation technologies accounted for around half of all new power generation capacity additions globally. In 2011, additions included 41 gigawatt (GW) of new wind power capacity, 30 GW of PV, 25 GW of hydro-electricity, 6 GW of biomass, 0.5 GW of CSP, and 0.1 GW of geothermal power. Question: What is the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources? Answer: Renewable energy Question: What happens as the scope of economically viable applications increases? Answer: the cost of renewable power falls Question: What are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity? Answer: Renewable technologies Question: What is the most economic solution for old grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens as the scope of economically viable applications decreases? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't happen as the scope of economically viable applications increases? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are now often the most economic solution for old generating capacity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are not often the most economic solution for new generating capacity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp with its tail to warn it. When that happens both the shrimp and goby fish quickly retreat into the burrow. Different species of gobies (Elacatinus spp.) also exhibit mutualistic behavior through cleaning up ectoparasites in other fish. Question: What species does this shrimp have a relationship with? Answer: the goby fish Question: What part of the fish is used to signal danger? Answer: its tail Question: What organism digs a burrow in the sand then touches the goby fish with its tail? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the species of goby that both lives with a shrimp and cleans up ectoparasites on other fish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What behavior does the goby exhibit when it does not live with the shrimp? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What behavior does the shrimp exhibit when it does not live with the goby? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When a goby fish goes blind what does it become vulnerable to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Valencia is a bilingual city: Valencian and Spanish are the two official languages. Spanish is official in all of Spain, whereas Valencian is official in the Valencian Country, as well as in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, where it receives the name of Catalan. Despite the differentiated denomination, the distinct dialectal traits and political tension between Catalonia and the Valencian Country, Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible and are considered two varieties of the same language. Valencian has been historically repressed in favour of Spanish. The effects have been more noticeable in the city proper, whereas the language has remained active in the rural and metropolitan areas. After the Castille-Aragon unification, a Spanish-speaking elite established itself in the city. In more recent history, the establishment of Franco's military and administrative apparatus in Valencia further excluded Valencian from public life. Valencian recovered its official status, prestige and use in education after the transition to democracy in 1978. However, due to industrialisation in recent decades, Valencia has attracted immigration from other regions in Spain, and hence there is also a demographic factor for its declining social use. Due to a combination of these reasons, Valencia has become the bastion of anti-Catalan blaverism, which celebrates Valencian as merely folkloric, but rejects the existing standard which was adapted from Catalan orthography. Spanish is currently the predominant language in the city proper but, thanks to the education system, most Valencians have basic knowledge of both Spanish and Valencian, and either can be used in the city. Valencia is therefore the second biggest Catalan-speaking city after Barcelona. Institutional buildings and streets are named in Valencian. The city is also home to many pro-Valencian political and civil organisations. Furthermore, education entirely in Valencian is offered in more than 70 state-owned schools in the city, as well as by the University of Valencia across all disciplines. Question: How many official languages does Valencia have? Answer: two Question: What is very similar to Valencian and is considered another variety of the same language? Answer: Catalan Question: What language is official in Valencia besides Valencian? Answer: Spanish Question: How many schools offer education completely in Valencian? Answer: more than 70 Question: When did Valencian regain its offical status? Answer: 1978
Context: Known during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to recruit support for the system. Also that month, Peter Moore, former president of Sega of America, joined Microsoft. On August 12, 2003, ATI signed on to produce the graphic processing unit for the new console, a deal which was publicly announced two days later. Before the launch of the Xbox 360, several Alpha development kits were spotted using Apple's Power Mac G5 hardware. This was because the system's PowerPC 970 processor running the same PowerPC architecture that the Xbox 360 would eventually run under IBM's Xenon processor. The cores of the Xenon processor were developed using a slightly modified version of the PlayStation 3's Cell Processor PPE architecture. According to David Shippy and Mickie Phipps, the IBM employees were "hiding" their work from Sony and Toshiba, IBM's partners in developing the Cell Processor. Jeff Minter created the music visualization program Neon which is included with the Xbox 360. Question: What Microsoft executive was in charge of 360 development? Answer: J Allard Question: What manufacturer was enlisted to design the 360's graphics processor? Answer: ATI Question: Where did Peter Moor work before being recruited to help on the 360? Answer: Sega of America Question: Original 360 Alpha dev kits used what existing system's hardware? Answer: Apple's Power Mac G5 Question: What CPU did the 360 use? Answer: IBM's Xenon processor Question: Where is the Microsoft headquarters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who replaced Peter Moore as the president of Sega? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the names of the IBM employees that hid their work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many ATI developers worked on the graphic processing unit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Apple hardware did Alpha kits use after the launch of the Xbox 360? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Deep house's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingers's relatively jazzy, soulful recordings "Mystery of Love" (1985) and "Can You Feel It?" (1986). According to author Richie Unterberger, it moved house music away from its "posthuman tendencies back towards the lush" soulful sound of early disco music. Question: what producer was the first to produce deep house? Answer: Mr Fingers Question: where was producer mr. fingers' from? Answer: Chicago Question: when was mr. fingers' "mystery of love" released? Answer: 1985 Question: when was mr. fingers' "can you feel it?" released? Answer: 1986 Question: What producer was the first to produce deep sound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was producer Mr. Unterberger from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Mr. Unterberger's "Mystery of Lover" released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Mr. Unterberger's "Can You Feel It?" released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be traced to early disco music? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'". With episodic memory, individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthday parties and weddings. Question: How does short term memory encode information? Answer: acoustically Question: How does long term memory encode information? Answer: semantically Question: What is episodic memory? Answer: "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where' Question: If someone where to recall a wedding they had went to a year before, which type of memory would be used? Answer: episodic memory, Question: What did Baddeleys test subjects have touble doing? Answer: recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings Question: What year did Baddeley discover episodic memory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Baddeley have difficulty recalling? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the defiition of the part of short-term memory known as episodic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The short-term memory which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where' is episodic what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of short-term memory allows people to recall specific events? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embrace far more stringent halachic practices than their predecessors, most notably in matters of Kashrut and Passover dietary laws, where the strictest possible interpretation becomes a religious requirement, even where the Talmud explicitly prefers a more lenient position, and even where a more lenient position was practiced by prior generations. Question: what is the name of the movement of liberalism? Answer: Haskalah Question: what sometimes prefers a more lenient position on Dietray laws? Answer: Talmud Question: previous generations typically praciced a more lenient position in regard to what? Answer: dietary laws Question: What are dietary laws known as? Answer: halachic practices Question: What has not been challenged by scholars? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has a lot of resemblance today as it did in the middle ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened as a reaction to the conservatism movement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not a religious requirement regarding dietary laws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What explicitly prefers a more stricter position regarding Passover dietary laws? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early "republics" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as early as the 6th century BCE and persisted in some areas until the 4th century CE. The educated speech at that time was Sanskrit, while the languages of the general population of northern India are referred to as Prakrits. Many of the sixteen kingdoms had coalesced to four major ones by 500/400 BCE, by the time of Gautama Buddha. These four were Vatsa, Avanti, Kosala, and Magadha. The Life of Gautam Budhha was mainly associated with these four kingdoms. Question: Where was the Vajji confederation located? Answer: Vaishali Question: How early did the small republic states exist in India? Answer: 6th century BCE Question: Until what century did the republic states endure in India? Answer: 4th century CE Question: In what language did the educated Indian speak? Answer: Sanskrit Question: What was the general population's common language ? Answer: Prakrits
Context: The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists. There are texts written entirely in Old Akkadian dating from c. 2500 BC. Use of Old Akkadian was at its peak during the rule of Sargon the Great (c. 2270–2215 BC), but even then most administrative tablets continued to be written in Sumerian, the language used by the scribes. Gelb and Westenholz differentiate three stages of Old Akkadian: that of the pre-Sargonic era, that of the Akkadian empire, and that of the "Neo-Sumerian Renaissance" that followed it. Akkadian and Sumerian coexisted as vernacular languages for about one thousand years, but by around 1800 BC, Sumerian was becoming more of a literary language familiar mainly only to scholars and scribes. Thorkild Jacobsen has argued that there is little break in historical continuity between the pre- and post-Sargon periods, and that too much emphasis has been placed on the perception of a "Semitic vs. Sumerian" conflict. However, it is certain that Akkadian was also briefly imposed on neighboring parts of Elam that were previously conquered by Sargon. Question: Where is the Semetic Akkadian language first found? Answer: proper names of the kings of Kish Question: Where is the Semetic Akkadian language found preserved after 2800 BC? Answer: king lists Question: During whose rule was the use of Old Akkadian at its peak? Answer: Sargon the Great Question: What language did scribes use over Akkadian? Answer: Sumerian Question: How long did Akkadian and Sumerian coexist as spoken languages? Answer: about one thousand years Question: What language was used only to make the king lists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language was used for the kings list in the 28th century BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was written in the 25th century BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's reign ended in the 22nd century BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a literary language by the 18th century BC? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor. This rheostat (see picture) was enclosed within a cylindrical container about the size and shape of a cake. This was mounted upright or sideways on the cab wall and operated via a projecting handle, which was able to slide around the top half of the cylinder. Question: Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what? Answer: automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop Question: Many earlier built freight elevators were controlled by what? Answer: switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes Question: How were most elevators built before 1939 powered? Answer: by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor Question: A rheostat is the size and shape of what? Answer: a cake Question: Where was the rheostat mounted? Answer: upright or sideways on the cab wall
Context: The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the "first" and "second" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success. Question: What book by Adam Smith was published in 1776? Answer: Wealth of Nations Question: The growth of trade between the US and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm whose views? Answer: Smith Question: In the 'second' British Empire period, Britain refocused on which areas? Answer: Asia, the Pacific and later Africa Question: What had been Britain's most populous overseas possession? Answer: British America Question: Who argued that colonies were redundant? Answer: Adam Smith
Context: More commonly, in cases where there are three or more parties, no one party is likely to gain power alone, and parties work with each other to form coalition governments. This has been an emerging trend in the politics of the Republic of Ireland since the 1980s and is almost always the case in Germany on national and state level, and in most constituencies at the communal level. Furthermore, since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition (usually of the Independence Party and one other (often the Social Democratic Alliance). A similar situation exists in the Republic of Ireland; since 1989, no one party has held power on its own. Since then, numerous coalition governments have been formed. These coalitions have been exclusively led by one of either Fianna Fáil or Fine Gael. Political change is often easier with a coalition government than in one-party or two-party dominant systems.[dubious – discuss] If factions in a two-party system are in fundamental disagreement on policy goals, or even principles, they can be slow to make policy changes, which appears to be the case now in the U.S. with power split between Democrats and Republicans. Still coalition governments struggle, sometimes for years, to change policy and often fail altogether, post World War II France and Italy being prime examples. When one party in a two-party system controls all elective branches, however, policy changes can be both swift and significant. Democrats Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt and Lyndon Johnson were beneficiaries of such fortuitous circumstances, as were Republicans as far removed in time as Abraham Lincoln and Ronald Reagan. Barack Obama briefly had such an advantage between 2009 and 2011. Question: In which case are parties not likely to gain power on their own? Answer: in cases where there are three or more parties Question: Is Ireland ever not led by a coalition Government? Answer: since the forming of the Republic of Iceland there has never been a government not led by a coalition Question: Since what date has Ireland not been led by a single power? Answer: 1989 Question: When is political change easier? Answer: Political change is often easier with a coalition government Question: What are prime examples coalition governments that struggle to change policy? Answer: post World War II France and Italy Question: What do parties work to form when one party gains power? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long as the Republic of Ireland had a dominant party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country usually has a dominant party at the national and state level? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country has always had a dominant party in power since it was formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two countries have usually been able to make swift policy changes since WW II? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this year, according to the authorities." The system became operational in the China region that same month. The global navigation system should be finished by 2020. As of December 2012, 16 satellites for BeiDou-2 have been launched, 14 of them are in service. Question: When did the Beidou system begin operating in China? Answer: December 2011 Question: When is it projected that the global navigation system will be finished? Answer: by 2020 Question: As of December 2012, how many satellites had been launched for the BeiDou-2 system? Answer: 16 Question: Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational? Answer: 14 Question: During which month of 2012 did the system begin operations in China? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During June of what year did the system begin operations in China? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month did the system begin operations in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the system begin operations in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many satellites have been launched as of November, 2013? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term "post-punk" was first used by journalists in the late 1970s to describe groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas. Many of these artists, initially inspired by punk's DIY ethic and energy, ultimately became disillusioned with the style and movement, feeling that it had fallen into commercial formula, rock convention and self-parody. They repudiated its populist claims to accessibility and raw simplicity, instead seeing an opportunity to break with musical tradition, subvert commonplaces and challenge audiences. Artists moved beyonds punk's focus on the concerns of a largely white, male, working class population and abandoned its continued reliance on established rock and roll tropes, such as three-chord progressions and Chuck Berry-based guitar riffs. These artists instead defined punk as "an imperative to constant change", believing that "radical content demands radical form". Question: Who coined the term post-punk? Answer: journalists in the late 1970s Question: What dis the new term, post-punk, cover? Answer: groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas Question: What inspired early post-punk artists? Answer: punk's DIY ethic and energy Question: Why did post-punk fall out of love with punk? Answer: commercial formula, rock convention and self-parody Question: What did the new post-punk artists believe? Answer: "radical content demands radical form" Question: Who were the first to use the term "post-punk"? Answer: journalists Question: When was "post-punk" first used to start describing artists? Answer: late 1970s Question: What were many post-punk artists originally inspired by? Answer: punk's DIY ethic and energy Question: How many chords did standard punk songs typically use? Answer: three Question: What did post-punk artists feel there was an imperative to constantly do? Answer: change Question: Who was falsely rumored to have coined the term post-punk? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were the artists not initially inspired? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many chords are never used in punk music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did post-punk artists have difficulty with supporting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the term punk first used? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended from future international matches based on red cards or accumulated yellows in a specified period. Caps and goals scored also count towards a player's career records. In 2004, FIFA ruled that substitutions by a team be limited to six per match in international friendlies, in response to criticism that such matches were becoming increasingly farcical with managers making as many as 11 substitutions per match. Question: What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with? Answer: team selection and tactics Question: What can happen to players who get red or yellow cards in friendlies? Answer: suspended from future international matches Question: What kind of record do players' goals in friendlies count for? Answer: career Question: When did FIFA decide to limit substitutions in international friendlies? Answer: 2004 Question: What absurd number of substitutions had some international teams been making in friendlies before 2004? Answer: 11 Question: What do club Friendly's give team managers a chance to experiment with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can use Friendly's to assess the ability of different teams and clubs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled that unlimited substitutions were allowed in international Friendly's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was making as many as eleven substitutions per tournament? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color cards determine whether players can participate in league games? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Xinhua and CCTV quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests, to a greater extent than most Western media, but did not quote any alternate viewpoints, providing no coverage of support for the protests by some ordinary citizens in Western countries. It quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays, to a greater extent than Western media, but not those who, like Marie-José Pérec, expressed understanding and support for the protestors. The Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mentioned the "smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets", of cheering and supportive Londoners. Xinhua said that protesters were "radicals" who "trampled human rights" and whose activities were condemned by "the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit". Question: Xinhua and CCTV focused on people who what? Answer: condemned the protests Question: Which athlete was ignored by media for supporting the protesters? Answer: Marie-José Pérec Question: What did Xinhua call protesters? Answer: radicals Question: Which athlete showed support for the people protesting? Answer: Marie-José Pérec Question: Which publication said that protesters were trampling human rights? Answer: Xinhua
Context: At these higher altitudes, the plants tend to form isolated cushions. In the Alps, several species of flowering plants have been recorded above 4,000 m (13,120 ft), including Ranunculus glacialis, Androsace alpina and Saxifraga biflora. The Eritrichium nanum, commonly known as the King of the Alps, is the most elusive of the alpine flowers, growing on rocky ridges at 2,600 to 3,750 m (8,530 to 12,303 ft). Perhaps the best known of the alpine plants is the Edelweiss which grows in rocky areas and can be found at altitudes as low as 1,400 m (4,593 ft) and as high as 3,400 m (11,155 ft). The plants that grow at the highest altitudes have adapted to conditions by specialization such as growing in rock screes that give protection from winds. Question: What do the plants tend to form at higher altitudes? Answer: isolated cushions Question: Ranunculus glacialis have been recorded to have been found how far in the alps? Answer: above 4,000 m Question: What is Eritrichium nanum commonly known as? Answer: the King of the Alps Question: What is the best known of the alpine plants? Answer: Edelweiss
Context: Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year. Both ports are located on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world. Question: How many ports does Oklahoma have? Answer: Two Question: Which port in Oklahoma handles international cargo? Answer: Tulsa Port of Catoosa Question: Where is the furthest-inland oceangoing port in the US? Answer: Tulsa Question: How many tons of cargo does the Tulsa Port of Catoosa ship annually? Answer: over two million Question: What connects the two Oklahoma ports? Answer: the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System
Context: Kathmandu has a larger proportion of tea drinkers than coffee drinkers. Tea is widely served but is extremely weak by western standards. It is richer and contains tea leaves boiled with milk, sugar and spices. Alcohol is widely drunk, and there are numerous local variants of alcoholic beverages. Drinking and driving is illegal, and authorities have a zero tolerance policy. Ailaa and thwon (alcohol made from rice) are the alcoholic beverages of Kathmandu, found in all the local bhattis (alcohol serving eateries). Chhyaang, tongba (fermented millet or barley) and rakshi are alcoholic beverages from other parts of Nepal which are found in Kathmandu. However, shops and bars in Kathmandu widely sell western and Nepali beers. Question: What beverage is consumed by more people in Kathmandu, coffee or tea? Answer: tea Question: How might a western traveler find the tea served in Kathmandu? Answer: extremely weak Question: What is used to make thwon? Answer: rice Question: What are bhattis? Answer: alcohol serving eateries Question: What goes through a fermentation process to create tongba? Answer: millet or barley
Context: Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing emergency aid and humanitarian response teams to disasters across the world. Israel's humanitarian efforts officially began in 1958, with the establishment of MASHAV, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Agency for International Development Cooperation. Question: How much does Israel spend on foreign aid? Answer: less than 0.1% Question: When was MASHAV established? Answer: 1958 Question: Israel has a history of providing what? Answer: emergency aid
Context: The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 (22nd largest in the UK out of 165). It also employs 3,000 staff with an annual income of around £160 million. It was founded in 1992 from Polytechnic South West (formerly Plymouth Polytechnic) following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. It has courses in maritime business, marine engineering, marine biology and Earth, ocean and environmental sciences, surf science, shipping and logistics. The university formed a joint venture with the fellow Devonian University of Exeter in 2000, establishing the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry. The college is ranked 8th out of 30 universities in the UK in 2011 for medicine. Its dental school was established in 2006, which also provides free dental care in an attempt to improve access to dental care in the South West. Question: How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth? Answer: 25,895 Question: Where does the University of Plymouth rank among British institutions of higher education in terms of number of enrolled students? Answer: 22nd Question: How many staff members work for the University of Plymouth? Answer: 3,000 Question: About how much are the staff of the University of Plymouth paid yearly in total? Answer: £160 million Question: In what year was the University of Plymouth established? Answer: 1992
Context: The dominant northern and high elevation conifer is the red spruce (Picea rubens), which grows from near sea level to above 4,000 ft (1,200 m) above sea level (asl) in northern New England and southeastern Canada. It also grows southward along the Appalachian crest to the highest elevations of the southern Appalachians, as in North Carolina and Tennessee. In the central Appalachians it is usually confined above 3,000 ft (900 m) asl, except for a few cold valleys in which it reaches lower elevations. In the southern Appalachians it is restricted to higher elevations. Another species is the black spruce (Picea mariana), which extends farthest north of any conifer in North America, is found at high elevations in the northern Appalachians, and in bogs as far south as Pennsylvania. Question: What is the asl height of the red spruce in the cold valleys? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How high does the black spruce grow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does the red spruce grow in Pennsylvania? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How far south can red spruces be found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which part of Canada are black spruces found in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions. Question: What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena? Answer: A broad operational definition Question: What is the broad operational definition of a gene? Answer: a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products Question: What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by? Answer: their specific DNA loci Question: What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by? Answer: their functional products (proteins or RNA) Question: What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions? Answer: regulatory elements
Context: Estonia won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2001 with the song "Everybody" performed by Tanel Padar and Dave Benton. In 2002, Estonia hosted the event. Maarja-Liis Ilus has competed for Estonia on two occasions (1996 and 1997), while Eda-Ines Etti, Koit Toome and Evelin Samuel owe their popularity partly to the Eurovision Song Contest. Lenna Kuurmaa is a very popular singer in Europe[citation needed], with her band Vanilla Ninja. "Rändajad" by Urban Symphony, was the first ever song in Estonian to chart in the UK, Belgium, and Switzerland. Question: What year did Estonia win the Eurovision Song Contest? Answer: 2001 Question: Who performed the song "Everybody"? Answer: Tanel Padar and Dave Benton Question: What year did Estonia host the Eurovision Song Contest? Answer: 2002 Question: What performer has represented Estonia two different times? Answer: Maarja-Liis Ilus Question: What was the first ever Estonian song to hit the popular European charts? Answer: "Rändajad" by Urban Symphony
Context: In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) were in mining and 6,389 (41.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 109,358. In the tertiary sector; 11,396 or 10.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 10,293 or 9.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5,090 or 4.7% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7,302 or 6.7% were in the information industry, 8,437 or 7.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 10,660 or 9.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,338 or 4.9% were in education and 17,903 or 16.4% were in health care. Question: How many full time jobs were there in 2008? Answer: 125,037. Question: How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture? Answer: 184 Question: How many jobs in the primary sector were in forestry or lumber production? Answer: 19 Question: How many jobs are in the secondary sector? Answer: 15,476 Question: How many jobs are in the tertiary secotr? Answer: 109,358
Context: The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the "workshop of the world". The British Empire expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. Domestically, political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise. During this century, the population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, causing significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions. Question: When did the Thirteen Colonies become independent from Britain? Answer: 1783 Question: Which war caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies? Answer: American War of Independence Question: In which wars was France defeated? Answer: the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars Question: What did Pax Britannica mean? Answer: British Peace Question: When was Britain called the "workshop of the world"? Answer: 1851
Context: American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justification for inequalities present in the status quo. In reaction, conflict theory was developed, which was based in part on the philosophies of Karl Marx. Conflict theorists saw society as an arena in which different groups compete for control over resources. Symbolic interactionism also came to be regarded as central to sociological thinking. Erving Goffman saw social interactions as a stage performance, with individuals preparing "backstage" and attempting to control their audience through impression management. While these theories are currently prominent in sociological thought, other approaches exist, including feminist theory, post-structuralism, rational choice theory, and postmodernism. Question: Who was the major proponent of American sociology? Answer: Talcott Parsons Question: What did Parsons believe made a functional society? Answer: structural integration Question: What was the problem with the views of Parsons? Answer: inequalities present in the status quo Question: What idea from Karl Marx was used to combat the problems with structural integration? Answer: conflict theory Question: What is the main belief of conflict theory? Answer: different groups compete for control over resources
Context: Bell's father was invited by Sarah Fuller, principal of the Boston School for Deaf Mutes (which continues today as the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf), in Boston, Massachusetts, to introduce the Visible Speech System by providing training for Fuller's instructors, but he declined the post in favor of his son. Traveling to Boston in April 1871, Bell proved successful in training the school's instructors. He was subsequently asked to repeat the program at the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts. Question: Who ran the Boston School for Deaf Mutes? Answer: Sarah Fuller Question: What name does the Boston School for Deaf Mutes go by now? Answer: the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf Question: What month did Bell go to Boston? Answer: April Question: Bell trained who in Boston? Answer: instructors Question: What city was the American Asylum in? Answer: Hartford
Context: Frederick Lynch, the author of Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action, did a study on white males that said they were victims of reverse discrimination. Lynch explains that these white men felt frustrated and unfairly victimized by affirmative action. Shelby Steele, another author against affirmative action, wanted to see affirmative action go back to its original meaning of enforcing equal opportunity. He argued that blacks had to take full responsibility in their education and in maintaining a job. Steele believes that there is still a long way to go in America to reach our goals of eradicating discrimination. Question: What book did Frederick Lynch author? Answer: Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action Question: What did white males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action? Answer: reverse discrimination Question: What moral position does Shelby Steele hold? Answer: against affirmative action Question: What does Shelby Steele believe that the true concept of affirmative action is? Answer: enforcing equal opportunity Question: What book did Frederick Lynch burn? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did black males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What moral position does Shelby Steele disagree with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Shelby Steele believe that the false concept of affirmative action is? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The distances passengers need to move within a large airport can be substantial. It is common for airports to provide moving walkways and buses. The Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport has a tram that takes people through the concourses and baggage claim. Major airports with more than one terminal offer inter-terminal transportation, such as Mexico City International Airport, where the domestic building of Terminal 1 is connected by Aerotrén to Terminal 2, on the other side of the airport. Question: It is common for airports to provide moving walkways and what? Answer: buses Question: What airport has a tram that takes people through the concourses and baggage claim? Answer: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Question: Name one airport that offers inter-terminal transportation. Answer: Mexico City International Airport Question: How far is the distance passengers need to move between buses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What airport has a bus that takes people through concourses and baggage claim? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it common for airports with a tram to offer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is the domestic building of Terminal 1 connected at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International airport? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What airport offers a moving walkway to baggage claim? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Architectural classicism is heavily represented in all districts of the city, particularly in Downtown, the Fan, and the Museum District. Several notable classical architects have designed buildings in Richmond. The Virginia State Capitol was designed by Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau in 1785. It is the second-oldest US statehouse in continuous use (after Maryland's) and was the first US government building built in the neo-classical style of architecture, setting the trend for other state houses and the federal government buildings (including the White House and The Capitol) in Washington, D.C. Robert Mills designed Monumental Church on Broad Street. Adjoining it is the 1845 Egyptian Building, one of the few Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States. Question: What state has the oldest capital building used continuously since it was built? Answer: Maryland Question: What architectural style was used to design the Virginia State Capitol? Answer: neo-classical Question: What notable federal government buildings were designed in the neoclassical style? Answer: White House and The Capitol Question: What is the architectural style of the 1845 Egyptian Building? Answer: Egyptian Revival Question: Who were the designers of the Virginia State Capitol? Answer: Thomas Jefferson and Charles-Louis Clérisseau
Context: Datta (2005) shows that, following the collapse of militaristic Boulangism in the late 1880s, the Napoleonic legend was divorced from party politics and revived in popular culture. Concentrating on two plays and two novels from the period—Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne (1893), Maurice Barrès's Les Déracinés (1897), Edmond Rostand's L'Aiglon (1900), and André de Lorde and Gyp's Napoléonette (1913) Datta examines how writers and critics of the Belle Époque exploited the Napoleonic legend for diverse political and cultural ends. Question: When did militaristic Boulangism collapse? Answer: the late 1880s Question: What year was Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne written? Answer: 1893 Question: What year was Maurice Barrès's Les Déracinés written? Answer: 1897 Question: In what year was Edmond Rostand's L'Aiglon written? Answer: 1900 Question: In what year was André de Lorde and Gyp's Napoléonette written? Answer: 1913
Context: An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services. AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly have paid billions of dollars in federal settlements over allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses. Some prominent medical schools have since tightened rules on faculty acceptance of such payments by drug companies. Question: Who conduced an investigation on doctors? Answer: ProPublica Question: Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies? Answer: AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly Question: How much was discovered to have been paid to doctors by drug companies? Answer: more than $500,000 Question: What was the reason these companies have to pay fines? Answer: allegations that they paid doctors to promote drugs for unapproved uses Question: How many doctors have been paid by varies companies? Answer: at least 21 Question: A ProPublica study found that some doctors were being paid how much money for speeches? Answer: more than $500,000 Question: Half of the top earners were mostly in what field? Answer: psychiatry Question: Drug manufacturers paid off doctors a total of how much money? Answer: $2 billion Question: Who conducted an investigation on drugs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Billions of drugs have been paid why which companies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was discovered to have been paid to drug companies by doctors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the reason these doctors have to pay fines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many companies have been paid by various doctors? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: European Dutch remained the literary language until the start of the 1920s, when under pressure of Afrikaner nationalism the local "African" Dutch was preferred over the written, European-based standard. In 1925, section 137 of the 1909 constitution of the Union of South Africa was amended by Act 8 of 1925, stating "the word Dutch in article 137 [...] is hereby declared to include Afrikaans". The constitution of 1983 only listed English and Afrikaans as official languages. It is estimated that between 90% to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin. Question: In what decade did European Dutch yield to the local dialect in South Africa? Answer: 1920s Question: At the high end, what percentage of Afrikaans words come from Dutch? Answer: 95% Question: What South African document from 1983 doesn't list Dutch as an official language? Answer: constitution Question: What section of the constitution was changed by Act 8 of 1925 to include Afrikaans with Dutch? Answer: 137 Question: What pressure influenced the shift in South Africa from the use of European Dutch in the 1920s? Answer: Afrikaner nationalism
Context: Mary resided in "her own house"[Lk.1:56] in Nazareth in Galilee, possibly with her parents, and during her betrothal — the first stage of a Jewish marriage — the angel Gabriel announced to her that she was to be the mother of the promised Messiah by conceiving him through the Holy Spirit, and she responded, "I am the handmaid of the Lord. Let it be done unto me according to your word." After a number of months, when Joseph was told of her conception in a dream by "an angel of the Lord", he planned to divorce her; but the angel told him to not hesitate to take her as his wife, which Joseph did, thereby formally completing the wedding rites.[Mt 1:18-25] Question: What is the first stage of Jewish marriage? Answer: betrothal Question: Which angel announced to Mary that she was to be the mother of the Messiah? Answer: Gabriel Question: What did Joseph plan to do when told of Mary's coneption in a dream? Answer: divorce her Question: Where did Mary live when she was visited by the angel Gabriel? Answer: in Nazareth in Galilee Question: In his dream, who told Joseph about Mary's conception? Answer: an angel of the Lord Question: What is the last stage of Jewish marriage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What angel did Joseph meet before he had the dream? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Joseph born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Joseph live when he was visited by the angel Gabriel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Joseph conceived? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The English held the city for 16 months and defeated several attempts to expel them. English soldiers advanced as far as Requena on the road to Madrid. After the victory of the Bourbons at the Battle of Almansa on 25 April 1707, the English army evacuated Valencia and Philip V ordered the repeal of the privileges of Valencia as punishment for the kingdom's support of Charles of Austria. By the Nueva Planta decrees (Decretos de Nueva Planta) the ancient Charters of Valencia were abolished and the city was governed by the Castilian Charter. The Bourbon forces burned important cities like Xativa, where pictures of the Spanish Bourbons in public places are hung upside down as a protest to this day. The capital of the Kingdom of Valencia was moved to Orihuela, an outrage to the citizens of Valencia. Philip ordered the Cortes to meet with the Viceroy of Valencia, Cardinal Luis de Belluga, who opposed the change of capital because of the proximity of Orihuela, a religious, cultural and now political centre, to Murcia (capital of another viceroyalty and his diocese). Because of his hatred of the city of Orihuela, which had bombarded and looted Valencia during the War of Succession, the cardinal resigned the viceroyalty in protest against the actions of Philip, who finally relented and returned the capital to Valencia. Question: How long did the English occupy Valencia? Answer: 16 months Question: At what battle were the Bourbons victorious? Answer: Battle of Almansa Question: Who ordered Valencia punished for supporting Charles? Answer: Philip V Question: What abolished Valencia's ancient charters? Answer: Nueva Planta decrees Question: Who resigned in protest against Philip? Answer: Cardinal Luis de Belluga
Context: The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tramways. A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built, but in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path. In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s. Question: Why was the Somerset county Canal built Answer: to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce Question: What was in use along the canal Answer: several tramways Question: What was never built Answer: A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built Question: What was laid on the path to Midford Answer: in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path Question: Who purchased the tramway in 1871 Answer: In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s Question: Who built the Somerset Coal Canal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year had it been planned to build a branch to Midford? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year were the several tramways completed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Paulton established? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and at age 62, was the oldest man elected President since James Buchanan in 1856 (President Truman stood at 64 in 1948 as the incumbent president at the time of his election four years earlier). Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover). Question: How old was Truman in 1948? Answer: 64 Question: In what century was Eisenhower born? Answer: 19th Question: Who was the oldest man to become President prior to Eisenhower? Answer: James Buchanan Question: How many times had Eisenhower been elected to office prior to becoming president? Answer: never Question: What did Eisenhower have in common with presidents Taylor, Grant, Taft and Hoover? Answer: did not have prior elected office
Context: The campus also houses several performing arts facilities. The de Jong Concert Hall seats 1282 people and is named for Gerrit de Jong Jr. The Pardoe Theatre is named for T. Earl and Kathryn Pardoe. Students use its stage in a variety of theatre experiments, as well as for Pardoe Series performances. It seats 500 people, and has quite a large stage with a proscenium opening of 19 by 55 feet (17 m). The Margetts Theatre was named for Philip N. Margetts, a prominent Utah theatre figure. A smaller, black box theater, it allows a variety of seating and staging formats. It seats 125, and measures 30 by 50 feet (15 m). The Nelke Theatre, named for one of BYU's first drama teachers, is used largely for instruction in experimental theater. It seats 280. Question: How many people does the de Jong Concert Hall seat? Answer: 1282 Question: What building is named after Earl and Kathryn Pardoe? Answer: The Pardoe Theatre Question: What building was named after prominent Utah theater figure Philip N. Margetts? Answer: The Margetts Theatre Question: Who was the Nelke Theatre named for? Answer: one of BYU's first drama teachers Question: What type of theater is Nelke Theatre primarily used for? Answer: experimental Question: What is named after T. Earl and Gerrit de Jong Jr.? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What theater has a proscenium opening of 19m? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What theater was named for Kathryn N. Margetts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is named after Kathryn de Jong Jr.? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels are funded by advertisements and subscription. Question: How often are people required to remit the TV license fee? Answer: annually Question: How do the BBC's non-domestic channels generate revenue? Answer: advertisements and subscription Question: How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it that subscriptions pay for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to Apocryphal writings, at some time soon after her death, her incorrupt body was assumed directly into Heaven, to be reunited with her soul, and the apostles thereupon found the tomb empty; this is known in Christian teaching as the Assumption. Question: Which angel appeared to Mary? Answer: Gabriel Question: What happened to Mary's body at death? Answer: assumed directly into Heaven Question: What did Gabriel announce to Mary at the Annunciation? Answer: her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus Question: How was Mary related to Jesus? Answer: mother of Jesus Question: Which goespel begins its story of Mary with the Annunciation? Answer: Gospel of Luke Question: Where did Mary meet Gabriel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Gabriel first meet Jesus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who else was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state was the tomb in when the angel Gabriel found it? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century churches. Below one of the churches (referred to as the Center Church on-the-Green) lies a 17th-century crypt, which is open to visitors. Some of the more famous burials include the first wife of Benedict Arnold and the aunt and grandmother of President Rutherford B. Hayes; Hayes visited the crypt while President in 1880. The Old Campus of Yale University is located next to the Green, and includes Connecticut Hall, Yale's oldest building and a National Historic Landmark. The Hillhouse Avenue area, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a part of Yale's campus, has been called a walkable museum, due to its 19th-century mansions and street scape; Charles Dickens is said to have called Hillhouse Avenue "the most beautiful street in America" when visiting the city in 1868. Question: How many properties in New Haven are featured on the National Register of Historic Places? Answer: 59 Question: In 1868, which famous author is reported to have declared New Haven's Hillhouse Avenue to be "the most beautiful street in America?" Answer: Charles Dickens Question: Of the three churches flanking New Haven Green, which is home to a notorious 17th century crypt? Answer: Center Church on-the-Green Question: What famous American traitor has a first wife buried in a 17th century crypt in a New Haven church flanking New Haven Green? Answer: Benedict Arnold Question: What structure of Yale University, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, holds the distinction of being the oldest building on campus? Answer: Connecticut Hall Question: According to the National Register of Historic Places how many historical sites are there in New Haven? Answer: 59 Question: In what year was the famous The New Haven Green founded? Answer: 1638 Question: What tourist spot can be found directly underneath the New Haven Green? Answer: a 17th-century crypt Question: Yale University also contains a historical site within it campus, the name of it? Answer: Hillhouse Avenue
Context: The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available in the direction of an uncritical and over-optimistic interpretation of air strength. When Göring decided against continuing Wever's original heavy bomber programme in 1937, the Reichsmarschall's own explanation was that Hitler wanted to know only how many bombers there were, not how many engines each had. In July 1939, Göring arranged a display of the Luftwaffe's most advanced equipment at Rechlin, to give the impression the air force was more prepared for a strategic air war than was actually the case. Question: What was the major cause of the separation between the Luftwaffe and the other military structure? Answer: communications gap Question: What did Goring do because of his fear of Hitler? Answer: misrepresent what information Question: What year did Goring display the Luftwaffe's advanced equipment? Answer: 1939 Question: In what city did Goring display the advance equipment? Answer: Rechlin Question: Who's bombing program did Goring abandon in 1939? Answer: Wever
Context: The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican). The Bronx was thus the only borough not carried by the successful Republican re-election campaigns of Mayors Rudolph Giuliani in 1997 and Michael Bloomberg in 2005. The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%. Question: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914? Answer: Fiorello La Guardia Question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 1997? Answer: Rudolph Giuliani Question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 2005? Answer: Michael Bloomberg Question: What party was Hillquit? Answer: Socialist Question: How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917? Answer: over 31%
Context: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, letter case may indicate the relationship between objects with uppercase letters often representing "superior" objects (e.g. X could be a set containing the generic member x). Engineering design drawings are typically labelled entirely in upper-case letters, which are easier to distinguish than lowercase, especially when space restrictions require that the lettering be small. Question: What is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by conventions of a particular discipline? Answer: Letter case Question: Which kind of purpose is uppercase reserved for in orthography? Answer: special Question: Which is the most common variant of case in text? Answer: lowercase Question: Engineering design drawings typically utiilze which case of letter in labeling? Answer: upper-case Question: Why are uppercase letters preferred often times when space is restricted? Answer: easier to distinguish than lowercase
Context: Avoidance of triggers is a key component of improving control and preventing attacks. The most common triggers include allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke (passive smoke) may reduce the effectiveness of medications such as corticosteroids. Laws that limit smoking decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma. Dust mite control measures, including air filtration, chemicals to kill mites, vacuuming, mattress covers and others methods had no effect on asthma symptoms. Overall, exercise is beneficial in people with stable asthma. Yoga could provide small improvements in quality of life and symptoms in people with asthma. Question: What is a key component of control and preventing asthma attacks? Answer: Avoidance of triggers Question: What are some of the more common triggers? Answer: allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods Question: What can reduce the effectiveness of medications? Answer: Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke Question: What did law that limit smoking accomplish? Answer: decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma Question: What type of exercise can provide small improvements? Answer: Yoga Question: What is a main way people can prevent reactions to dust mites? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The two most common things used with corticosteroids? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do sulfite-containing foods reduce the effectiveness of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decreases the number of people who are hospitalized for passive smoke exposure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What methods have no effect on smokers quality of life? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder was published and became a huge success. After taking English classes at Santa Monica College in California, he earned a BA by correspondence from the University of Wisconsin–Superior, where he graduated with a degree in international marketing of fitness and business administration in 1979. Question: What's the title of Schwarzenegger's 1977 book? Answer: Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder Question: At what college did Schwarzenegger study but not receive his degree? Answer: Santa Monica College
Context: "Poultry" is a term used for any kind of domesticated bird, captive-raised for its utility, and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl (Galliformes) and waterfowl (Anseriformes). "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food. The Encyclopædia Britannica lists the same bird groups but also includes guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons). In R. D. Crawford's Poultry breeding and genetics, squabs are omitted but Japanese quail and common pheasant are added to the list, the latter frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild. In his 1848 classic book on poultry, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management, Edmund Dixon included chapters on the peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams. In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is often used near-synonymously with "domesticated chicken" (Gallus gallus), or with "poultry" or even just "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl". Both words are also used for the flesh of these birds. Poultry can be distinguished from "game", defined as wild birds or mammals hunted for food or sport, a word also used to describe the flesh of these when eaten. Question: What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry? Answer: guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons) Question: Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics? Answer: R. D. Crawford Question: What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ? Answer: frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild. Question: Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ? Answer: peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams Question: Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls? Answer: many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl Question: What is the Japanese term for young pigeons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book did D. R. Crawford write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book was written in 1884? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Japanese term for "domesticated chicken?" Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only type of bird listed in the Encyclopedia Britannica as poultry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the jailed author of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country has no birds that are considered poultry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word means the opposite of poultry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote the 1842 classic book on poultry, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food, books or other small freight loads rather than passengers. They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors. they usually do not have the same safety features found in passenger elevators, like various ropes for redundancy. they have a lower capacity, and they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall. there's a control panel at every stop, that mimics the ones found in passenger elevators, like calling, door control, floor selection. Question: What are small freight elevators used for things such as food, called? Answer: Dumbwaiters Question: What rooms are dumbwaiters frequently used in? Answer: They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors Question: What is a safety feature found in passenger elevators they generally do not have? Answer: various ropes for redundancy Question: What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters? Answer: they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall Question: What features do they have that mimic passenger elevators? Answer: calling, door control, floor selection
Context: Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia. Question: What sport do the Washington Redskins play? Answer: Football Question: What sport do the Richmond Kickers compete in? Answer: soccer Question: With what Major League Baseball team are the Richmond Flying Squirrels associated? Answer: San Francisco Giants Question: What is the home ground of the Richmond Kickers? Answer: City Stadium Question: Where did the Richmond Braves move to? Answer: Georgia
Context: Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls, which are typically functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols. Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose "territory" they usually reside and attend weekly services they refer to as "meetings" as scheduled by congregation elders. The meetings are largely devoted to study of Watch Tower Society literature and the Bible. The format of the meetings is established by the religion's headquarters, and the subject matter for most meetings is the same worldwide. Congregations meet for two sessions each week comprising five distinct meetings that total about three-and-a-half hours, typically gathering mid-week (three meetings) and on the weekend (two meetings). Prior to 2009, congregations met three times each week; these meetings were condensed, with the intention that members dedicate an evening for "family worship". Gatherings are opened and closed with kingdom songs (hymns) and brief prayers. Twice each year, Witnesses from a number of congregations that form a "circuit" gather for a one-day assembly. Larger groups of congregations meet once a year for a three-day "regional convention", usually at rented stadiums or auditoriums. Their most important and solemn event is the commemoration of the "Lord's Evening Meal", or "Memorial of Christ's Death" on the date of the Jewish Passover. Question: Where do Jehovah Witnesses meet for worship and study? Answer: Kingdom Halls Question: How are Jehovah Witnesses assigned to congregations? Answer: "territory" they usually reside Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses refer to their weekly services as? Answer: meetings Question: How often did Jehovah Witnesses congregations meet prior to 2009? Answer: three times each week Question: What are Jehovah Witnesses' gatherings opened and closed with? Answer: songs (hymns) and brief prayers Question: How many witnesses are there at each Kingdom Hall? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many "circuits" are there of Kingdom Halls? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What takes place during "family worship" typically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many regular meetings does each Kingdom Hall have during the Jehovah's Witnesses annual three-day "regional convention"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Prior to 2009 how many Kingdom Hall meeting were held during the weekends? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects. Question: What two dialects does Western Catalan include? Answer: Northwestern Catalan and Valencian Question: How many dialects are in the eastern group? Answer: four Question: To what division does Central Catalan belong? Answer: Eastern block Question: What other divisions can be made of dialects? Answer: subdialects Question: What block does Northwestern Catalan and Valencian belong to? Answer: Western Catalan
Context: In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2007[update], Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state subsidies, that include foodstuffs and especially gasoline, totaling more than $84 billion in 2008 for the energy sector alone. In 2010, the economic reform plan was approved by parliament to cut subsidies gradually and replace them with targeted social assistance. The objective is to move towards free market prices in a 5-year period and increase productivity and social justice. Question: By 2007, Iran's crude oil exports resulted in how much of its foreign exchange currency? Answer: $70 billion Question: What is a main cause of Iran's constant budget deficits? Answer: large-scale state subsidies Question: In 2008, how much was Iran's state subsidy in its energy sector? Answer: more than $84 billion Question: What year did Iran pass an economic reform plan that would replace subsidies with targeted social assistance programs? Answer: 2010 Question: How much of Iran's budget came from oil and natural gas reserves in 2006? Answer: about 45%
Context: The English word scientist is relatively recent—first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves natural philosophers. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity (for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages (for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, and Roger Bacon), the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries. Question: Who coined the word "scientist"? Answer: William Whewell Question: When was the word "scientist" created? Answer: 19th century Question: What are people who study nature called? Answer: natural philosophers Question: Ibn al-Haytham and Roger Bacon were scientists in which time period? Answer: the Middle Ages Question: When was the beginning of modern science considered to be? Answer: the scientific revolution
Context: The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA, Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger. The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures. As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business, virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract. In 1964 MCA formed Universal City Studios, Inc., merging the motion pictures and television arms of Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions (officially renamed as Universal Television in 1966). And so, with MCA in charge, Universal became a full-blown, A-film movie studio, with leading actors and directors under contract; offering slick, commercial films; and a studio tour subsidiary launched in 1964. Television production made up much of the studio's output, with Universal heavily committed, in particular, to deals with NBC (which later merged with Universal to form NBC Universal; see below) providing up to half of all prime time shows for several seasons. An innovation during this period championed by Universal was the made-for-television movie. Question: In what year did MCA take over Universal? Answer: 1962 Question: What company did MCA create in 1964? Answer: Universal City Studios, Inc. Question: What new name was given to Revue Productions in 1966? Answer: Universal Television Question: What was the company formed by the merger of Universal and NBC? Answer: NBC Universal Question: When did Universal inaugurate its studio tour subsidiary? Answer: 1964 Question: What did MAC, Inc. do in 1962? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What name did the company revert to after the MAC takeover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did MCA form in 1966? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions renamed in 1966? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What television network did MCA later merge with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Darwin's barnacle studies convinced him that variation arose constantly and not just in response to changed circumstances. In 1854, he completed the last part of his Beagle-related writing and began working full-time on evolution. His thinking changed from the view that species formed in isolated populations only, as on islands, to an emphasis on speciation without isolation; that is, he saw increasing specialisation within large stable populations as continuously exploiting new ecological niches. He conducted empirical research focusing on difficulties with his theory. He studied the developmental and anatomical differences between different breeds of many domestic animals, became actively involved in fancy pigeon breeding, and experimented (with the help of his son Francis) on ways that plant seeds and animals might disperse across oceans to colonise distant islands. By 1856, his theory was much more sophisticated, with a mass of supporting evidence. Question: What creatures did Darwin study that made him believe variation arose constantly? Answer: barnacle Question: In what year did Darwin begin to work on his evolution theory full-time? Answer: 1854 Question: Which bird species did Darwin become extremely interested in studying? Answer: fancy pigeon Question: By which year had Darwin's theory become more complex and supported by a lot of evidence? Answer: 1856 Question: What species did Darwin study for dispersal across oceans> Answer: plant seeds and animals
Context: Digimon was first conceived as a virtual pet toy in the vein of Tamagotchis and, as such, took influence from Tamagotchis' cute and round designs. The small areas of the screens (16 by 16 pixels) meant that character designers had to create monsters whose forms would be easily recognizable. As such, many of the early Digimon—including Tyrannomon, the first one ever created—were based on dinosaurs. Many further designs were created by Kenji Watanabe, who was brought in to help with the "X-Antibody" creatures and art for the Digimon collectible card game. Watanabe was one influenced by American comics, which were beginning to gain popularity in Japan, and as such began to make his characters look stronger and "cool." The character creation process, however, has for most of the franchise's history been collaborative and reliant on conversation and brainstorming. Question: What kind of toy were the original Digimon? Answer: virtual pet toy Question: What kind of creatures where the early digimon patterned after? Answer: dinosaurs Question: What properties of american comics were the later generations of digimon trying to capture? Answer: stronger and "cool." Question: Who was the designer responsible for the westernization of Digimon character design? Answer: Kenji Watanabe Question: What was the name of the original Digimon character? Answer: Tyrannomon Question: What was the screen size of the Digimon toy? Answer: 16 by 16 pixels Question: What animals were the digimon based off of? Answer: dinosaurs Question: Who was the designer of the Digimon card game? Answer: Kenji Watanabe Question: How did Watanabe get his influence? Answer: American comics Question: What was originally based on an actual pet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Many of the most popular Digimon on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What American media influenced the first Digimon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were becoming unpopular in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has mostly been in individual process throughout the franchise history? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On September 6, 2006, Sony announced that PAL region PlayStation 3 launch would be delayed until March 2007, because of a shortage of materials used in the Blu-ray drive. At the Tokyo Game Show on September 22, 2006, Sony announced that it would include an HDMI port on the 20 GB system, but a chrome trim, flash card readers, silver logo and Wi-Fi would not be included. Also, the launch price of the Japanese 20 GB model was reduced by over 20%, and the 60 GB model was announced for an open pricing scheme in Japan. During the event, Sony showed 27 playable PS3 games running on final hardware. Question: Which region experience a setback that pushed back the release of the PlayStation 3? Answer: PAL Question: What part of the system was Sony having trouble getting supplies for? Answer: Blu-ray drive Question: Which Japanese PS3 model got a 20%-plus price cut before hitting the market? Answer: 20 GB model Question: Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with an open pricing scheme? Answer: Japan Question: How many playable games did the PlayStation 3 by the time it arrived at the 2006 Tokyo Game Show? Answer: 27 Question: A shortage of what delayed the PS4 launch in what region? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The PS4 launch in the PAL region was delayed until what date? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At the Tokyo Game Show Sony showed how many playable PS4 games? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The launch price of the Japanese 60 GB model was reduced by how much? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What game show took place on September 12, 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which region experience a setback that moved up the release of the PlayStation 3? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of the system was Sony having an easy time getting supplies for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Japanese PS3 model got a 10%-plus price cut before hitting the market? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with a closed pricing scheme? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many playable games did the PlayStation 3 by the time it arrived at the 2005 Tokyo Game Show? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To continue evacuating a chamber indefinitely without requiring infinite growth, a compartment of the vacuum can be repeatedly closed off, exhausted, and expanded again. This is the principle behind positive displacement pumps, like the manual water pump for example. Inside the pump, a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity to create a vacuum. Because of the pressure differential, some fluid from the chamber (or the well, in our example) is pushed into the pump's small cavity. The pump's cavity is then sealed from the chamber, opened to the atmosphere, and squeezed back to a minute size. Question: Repeatedly closing off a compartment of a vacuum allows what? Answer: continue evacuating a chamber indefinitely without requiring infinite growth Question: How is a vacuum created inside of a manual water pump? Answer: a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity Question: Why is fluid in a manual pump pushed into the pumps cavity when a small sealed cavity is expanded? Answer: Because of the pressure differential Question: What are pumps based off principle of sealed compartment pulling,pushing and expanding called? Answer: displacement pumps Question: What does repeatedly putting water into the atmosphere manually allow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is a vacuum created in the atmosphere? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of growth happens when fluid enters the atmosphere? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What expands outside the pump? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What size is the vacuum in the pump? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Mobile telecommunications and radio broadcasting help to fight corruption, especially in developing regions like Africa, where other forms of communications are limited. In India, the anti-corruption bureau fights against corruption, and a new ombudsman bill called Jan Lokpal Bill is being prepared. Question: Radio broadcasts and what help deter corruption? Answer: Mobile telecommunications Question: What country is used as an example for limited forms of communications? Answer: Africa Question: Who works against corruption in India? Answer: the anti-corruption bureau Question: What new ombudsman bill is being readied in India? Answer: Jan Lokpal Bill
Context: Subtractive methods remove copper from an entirely copper-coated board to leave only the desired copper pattern. In additive methods the pattern is electroplated onto a bare substrate using a complex process. The advantage of the additive method is that less material is needed and less waste is produced. In the full additive process the bare laminate is covered with a photosensitive film which is imaged (exposed to light through a mask and then developed which removes the unexposed film). The exposed areas are sensitized in a chemical bath, usually containing palladium and similar to that used for through hole plating which makes the exposed area capable of bonding metal ions. The laminate is then plated with copper in the sensitized areas. When the mask is stripped, the PCB is finished. Question: Do additive or subtractive methods use less raw materials? Answer: additive Question: What chemical element is often present in the bath used to sensitive exposed film after it's been imaged? Answer: palladium Question: What object is used to expose selected parts of the photosensitive film to light? Answer: mask Question: In subtractive methods, what metal covers the board and is then partially removed? Answer: copper Question: In the additive method, which parts of the laminate are plated with copper? Answer: sensitized areas Question: The advantage of the subtractive method is that less what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Bare laminate is placed on top of photosensitive film in what process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The exposed areas are sensitized using plutonium in what process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The laminate is plated with silver during what process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When the PCB is stripped, what is finished? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Martorana church (decorated around 1143) looked originally even more Byzantine although important parts were later demolished. The dome mosaic is similar to that of the Cappella Palatina, with Christ enthroned in the middle and four bowed, elongated angels. The Greek inscriptions, decorative patterns, and evangelists in the squinches are obviously executed by the same Greek masters who worked on the Cappella Palatina. The mosaic depicting Roger II of Sicily, dressed in Byzantine imperial robes and receiving the crown by Christ, was originally in the demolished narthex together with another panel, the Theotokos with Georgios of Antiochia, the founder of the church. Question: When was the Martorana church decorated? Answer: around 1143 Question: Who is featured in the mosaic at the Martorana church? Answer: Christ Question: The Martorana church was likely decorated by the same greek masters who decorated which church? Answer: the Cappella Palatina Question: Who was the founder of the Martorana church? Answer: Georgios of Antiochia Question: Who is receiving a crown from christ in the mosaic originally in the narthex? Answer: Roger II
Context: In one-party systems, one political party is legally allowed to hold effective power. Although minor parties may sometimes be allowed, they are legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. This party may not always be identical to the government, although sometimes positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government. North Korea and China are examples; others can be found in Fascist states, such as Nazi Germany between 1934 and 1945. The one-party system is thus usually equated with dictatorships and tyranny. Question: In what systems is the political party allowed to legally hold effective power? Answer: one-party systems Question: What are North Korea and China examples of? Answer: positions within the party may in fact be more important than positions within the government Question: What is the one-party system often compared with? Answer: dictatorships and tyranny Question: When was Nazi Germany in a one-party system? Answer: 1934 and 1945 Question: What kind of leadership must the dominant party accept in China? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what years did North Korea move to a one party system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are minor parties often compared to due to their influence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are minor parties usually identical to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what country were minor party positions more important? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 11th Street is in two parts. It is interrupted by the block containing Grace Church between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. East 11th streets runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall. West 11th Street runs from Broadway to West Street. 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the location of the Old Grapevine tavern from the 1700s to its demolition in the early 20th century. Question: Which street runs from Broadway to West Street? Answer: West 11th Street Question: When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished? Answer: early 20th century Question: 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what tavern from the 1700s? Answer: Old Grapevine Question: What church interuppts 11th Street between Broadway and Fourth Avenue? Answer: Grace Church
Context: The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918. The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The war caused the disintegration of four empires—the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian ones—as well as radical change in the European and West Asian maps. The Allied powers before 1917 are referred to as the Triple Entente, and the Central Powers are referred to as the Triple Alliance. Question: When did the first World War begin? Answer: 1914 Question: Who led the Allied powers? Answer: British Empire, France, Russia Question: Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire?? Answer: Japan and the United States Question: What were the Allied powers referred to before 1917? Answer: Triple Entente Question: How many Empires did the war cause destruction to? Answer: four empires
Context: UNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly. Question: When did UNFPA begin its work? Answer: 1969 Question: What was UNFPA's original name? Answer: United Nations Fund for Population Activities Question: When did the organization change its name? Answer: 1987 Question: UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body? Answer: United Nations Development Fund Question: When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly? Answer: 1971 Question: Why did UNFPA never change their name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What authority was never involved with UNFPA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the United Nations General Assembly disband? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the United Nations Fund not known for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: These types of intermediaries do not host or transmit infringing content, themselves, but may be regarded in some courts as encouraging, enabling or facilitating infringement by users. These intermediaries may include the author, publishers and marketers of peer-to-peer networking software, and the websites that allow users to download such software. In the case of the BitTorrent protocol, intermediaries may include the torrent tracker and any websites or search engines which facilitate access to torrent files. Torrent files don't contain copyrighted content, but they may make reference to files that do, and they may point to trackers which coordinate the sharing of those files. Some torrent indexing and search sites, such as The Pirate Bay, now encourage the use of magnet links, instead of direct links to torrent files, creating another layer of indirection; using such links, torrent files are obtained from other peers, rather than from a particular website. Question: What do certain type of intermediaries NOT do? Answer: host or transmit infringing content Question: What protocol do intermediaries use that include a torrent tracker? Answer: BitTorrent Question: What do Torrent files NOT contain? Answer: copyrighted content Question: What is a torrent site that uses magnet links to share peer-to-peer? Answer: The Pirate Bay Question: What do certain type of intermediaries do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What protocol do intermediaries not use that include a torrent tracker? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What protocol do intermediaries use that exclude a torrent tracker? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Torrent files contain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a torrent site that uses magnet links to block peer-to-peer? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Question: What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to the Mississippi River? Answer: Treaty of Paris Question: What three major tribes occupied these formerly British territories? Answer: Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw Question: When was the Battle of Wabash fought? Answer: 1791 Question: What was the decisive battle in the Northwest territories against the native population there? Answer: the Battle of Fallen Timbers Question: When was this deciding battle fought? Answer: 1794 Question: What treaty ceded territory to the UK extending west to the Mississippi River? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What three major tribes occupied these formerly French territories? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Battle of Washburn fought? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the decisive battle in the Southeast territories against the native population there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was this deciding battle postponed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Panelization is a procedure whereby a number of PCBs are grouped for manufacturing onto a larger board - the panel. Usually a panel consists of a single design but sometimes multiple designs are mixed on a single panel. There are two types of panels: assembly panels - often called arrays - and bare board manufacturing panels. The assemblers often mount components on panels rather than single PCBs because this is efficient. The bare board manufactures always uses panels, not only for efficiency, but because of the requirements the plating process. Thus a manufacturing panel can consist of a grouping of individual PCBs or of arrays, depending on what must be delivered. Question: What process groups PCBs before transfer to a panel? Answer: Panelization Question: Is it more common for panels to have a single design or many designs? Answer: a single design Question: What type of panels can also be referred to as an "array?' Answer: assembly panels Question: Besides assembly panels, what's the other type of panel? Answer: bare board manufacturing panels Question: What step of the bare board manufacture would be impossible if panels weren't always used? Answer: the plating process Question: Usually a panel consists of multiple designs, but sometimes what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The two types of portals are what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Depending on what must be discussed, a manufacturing panel can consist of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Assemblers often mount components on portals rather than single PCBs why? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Burnside rules closely resembling American Football that were incorporated in 1903 by The ORFU, was an effort to distinguish it from a more rugby-oriented game. The Burnside Rules had teams reduced to 12 men per side, introduced the Snap-Back system, required the offensive team to gain 10 yards on three downs, eliminated the Throw-In from the sidelines, allowed only six men on the line, stated that all goals by kicking were to be worth two points and the opposition was to line up 10 yards from the defenders on all kicks. The rules were an attempt to standardize the rules throughout the country. The CIRFU, QRFU and CRU refused to adopt the new rules at first. Forward passes were not allowed in the Canadian game until 1929, and touchdowns, which had been five points, were increased to six points in 1956, in both cases several decades after the Americans had adopted the same changes. The primary differences between the Canadian and American games stem from rule changes that the American side of the border adopted but the Canadian side did not (originally, both sides had three downs, goal posts on the goal lines and unlimited forward motion, but the American side modified these rules and the Canadians did not). The Canadian field width was one rule that was not based on American rules, as the Canadian game played in wider fields and stadiums that were not as narrow as the American stadiums. Question: Which Canadian football rules did the ORFU adopt in 1903? Answer: Burnside Question: Which three Canadian football unions resisted the Burnside Rules? Answer: CIRFU, QRFU and CRU Question: In which year did forward passes become acceptable in Canadian football? Answer: 1929 Question: Which style of North American football changed the rules of their game the most from their earliest versions? Answer: American Question: When were the American rules incorporated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the CIRFU create Burnside rules? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the American game allow forward passes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Canadian side reduce teams to per side? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What difference did the Canadian side adopt before the American side? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients. Question: What Act forbade misbranded drugs? Answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act Question: What caused a Tetanus outbreak? Answer: contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin Question: What act allowed premarket approval for drugs? Answer: The Biologics Control Act of 1902 Question: When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented? Answer: 1906 Question: Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers? Answer: Supreme Court Question: What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs? Answer: Biologics Control Act of 1902 Question: What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs? Answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act Question: In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed? Answer: 1906 Question: What Act forbade misbranded laws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What caused a law outbreak? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act allowed premarket approval for laws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Pure Food And Laws Act get implemented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who restricted the federal drug powers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The climatic changes of the late Jurassic and Cretaceous provided for further adaptive radiation. The Jurassic was the height of archosaur diversity, and the first birds and eutherian mammals also appeared. Angiosperms radiated sometime in the early Cretaceous, first in the tropics, but the even temperature gradient allowed them to spread toward the poles throughout the period. By the end of the Cretaceous, angiosperms dominated tree floras in many areas, although some evidence suggests that biomass was still dominated by cycad and ferns until after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction. Question: What event produced further adaptations during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods? Answer: climatic changes Question: When was the top of archosaur diversity? Answer: Jurassic Question: What species spread towards the poles during the Jurassic? Answer: Angiosperms Question: What species dominated many tree floras by the end of the Cretaceous period? Answer: angiosperms Question: What types of species are thought to still have been dominate until after the extinction? Answer: cycad and ferns Question: What event stunted adaptions during the Jurassic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the bottom of archosaur diversity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The temperature gradient prevented what land species growth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prevented the spread of angiosperms towards the poles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of species are thought to have died before the extinction? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Baptists are individuals who comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, elders and deacons. Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity. Question: What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers? Answer: Baptists Question: Soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation what examples of what? Answer: tenets of Baptist churches Question: What two ministerial offices do Baptists recognize? Answer: elders and deacons Question: Baptist churches are widely considered to be what? Answer: Protestant churches Question: What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for non-believers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two ministerial offices do Baptists no longer recognize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Baptist churches are rarely considered to be what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group never visits Protestant churches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What church includes salvation through faith and reason? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.67 km2 (19.56 sq mi). The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (Patan) with which it today forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur Municipality and to the east by Madyapur Thimi Municipality. To the north the urban area extends into several Village Development Committees. However, the urban agglomeration extends well beyond the neighboring municipalities, e. g. to Bhaktapur and just about covers the entire Kathmandu valley. Question: What river is south of Kathmandu? Answer: Bagmati Question: What geographic portion of the Kathmandu Valley houses Kathmandu? Answer: northwestern Question: About how many feet above sea level is Kathmandu? Answer: 4,600 Question: How large is Kathmandu in terms of square miles? Answer: 19.56 Question: Where does the Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City stand in relation to the Bagmati River? Answer: south
Context: Biomass for heat and power is a fully mature technology which offers a ready disposal mechanism for municipal, agricultural, and industrial organic wastes. However, the industry has remained relatively stagnant over the decade to 2007, even though demand for biomass (mostly wood) continues to grow in many developing countries. One of the problems of biomass is that material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants, leading to severe health and environmental consequences, although improved cook stove programmes are alleviating some of these effects. First-generation biomass technologies can be economically competitive, but may still require deployment support to overcome public acceptance and small-scale issues. Question: What is one problem with biomass? Answer: material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants Question: What can be economically competetive but may still require deployment support? Answer: First-generation biomass technologies Question: What is a fully maturing technology which offer a ready disposal mechanismm? Answer: Biomass for heat and power Question: What is one good thing about biomass? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be economically competetive but not still require deployment support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a fully maturing technology which dont' offer a ready disposal mechanismm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can not be economically competetive but may still require deployment support? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The law of criminal procedure in the United States consists of a massive overlay of federal constitutional case law interwoven with the federal and state statutes that actually provide the foundation for the creation and operation of law enforcement agencies and prison systems as well as the proceedings in criminal trials. Due to the perennial inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and convicts, the federal judiciary gradually developed the exclusionary rule as a method to enforce such rights. In turn, the exclusionary rule spawned a family of judge-made remedies for the abuse of law enforcement powers, of which the most famous is the Miranda warning. The writ of habeas corpus is often used by suspects and convicts to challenge their detention, while the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Bivens actions are used by suspects to recover tort damages for police brutality. Question: What makes up the law of criminal procedure? Answer: federal constitutional case law interwoven with the federal and state statutes Question: What did the exclusionary rule provide for? Answer: inability of legislatures in the U.S. to enact statutes that would actually force law enforcement officers to respect the constitutional rights Question: What might a suspect use to challenge their detention? Answer: writ of habeas corpus Question: What must a police officer recite to a suspect upon arrest/ Answer: Miranda warning Question: What acts cover tort damages from police brutality cases? Answer: Civil Rights Act of 1871 and Bivens actions Question: What have US legislatures been able to enact successfully? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rule did the federal judiciary overturn? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Miranda warning penned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do convicts use the Miranda warning for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was rescinded in 1871? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The papacy further refined the practice in the Mass in the Late Middle Ages, holding that the clergy alone was allowed to partake of the wine in the Eucharist. This further distanced the secular laity from the clergy. The laity continued the practices of pilgrimages, veneration of relics, and belief in the power of the Devil. Mystics such as Meister Eckhart (d. 1327) and Thomas à Kempis (d. 1471) wrote works that taught the laity to focus on their inner spiritual life, which laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Besides mysticism, belief in witches and witchcraft became widespread, and by the late 15th century the Church had begun to lend credence to populist fears of witchcraft with its condemnation of witches in 1484 and the publication in 1486 of the Malleus Maleficarum, the most popular handbook for witch-hunters. Question: In the Late Middle Ages, who was allowed to drink wine at Mass? Answer: the clergy Question: When did Thomas à Kempis die? Answer: 1471 Question: In what year did the Church condemn witches? Answer: 1484 Question: In what year was the Malleus Maleficarum published? Answer: 1486 Question: What was the Malleus Maleficarum? Answer: handbook for witch-hunters
Context: Beginning with the 2003 season, the AFL made a deal with NBC to televise league games, which was renewed for another two years in 2005. In conjunction with this, the league moved the beginning of the season from May to February (the week after the NFL's Super Bowl) and scheduled most of its games on Sunday instead of Friday or Saturday as it had in the past. In 2006, because of the XX Winter Olympic Games, the Stanley Cup playoffs and the Daytona 500, NBC scaled back from weekly coverage to scattered coverage during the regular season, but committed to a full playoff schedule ending with the 20th ArenaBowl. NBC and the Arena Football League officially severed ties on June 30, 2006, having failed to reach a new broadcast deal. Las Vegas owner Jim Ferraro stated during a radio interview that the reason why a deal failed is because ESPN refused to show highlights or even mention a product being broadcast on NBC. Question: In what month did the AFL season originally begin? Answer: May Question: After the TV deal, when was the start of the AFL season moved to? Answer: February Question: What days were AFL games traditionally played on before the TV deal? Answer: Friday or Saturday Question: When were most of the AFL's games played after the TV deal? Answer: Sunday Question: On what date did the business relationship between the AFL and NBC end? Answer: June 30, 2006
Context: When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher Voltaire titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration. Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet. The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper Al Gihad reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded. On 12 December, the new king, Farouk, issued a decree restoring the constitution. Question: What school did Nasser attend in Cairo? Answer: al-Nahda al-Masria Question: What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper? Answer: Voltaire, the Man of Freedom Question: What was the issue Nasser led a protest against? Answer: British rule Question: How many protestors were killed in the demonstration? Answer: Two Question: What did King Farouk restore after the demonstrations? Answer: constitution
Context: The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, nicknamed Baby, was the world's first stored-program computer. It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester by Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill, and ran its first program on 21 June 1948. It was designed as a testbed for the Williams tube the first random-access digital storage device. Although the computer was considered "small and primitive" by the standards of its time, it was the first working machine to contain all of the elements essential to a modern electronic computer. As soon as the SSEM had demonstrated the feasibility of its design, a project was initiated at the university to develop it into a more usable computer, the Manchester Mark 1. Question: What was the nickname of the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine? Answer: Baby Question: What was the first stored-program computer in the world? Answer: The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine Question: Where was the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine built? Answer: Victoria University of Manchester Question: Who built the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine? Answer: Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill Question: When did the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine run its first program? Answer: 21 June 1948
Context: Systematic botany is part of systematic biology, which is concerned with the range and diversity of organisms and their relationships, particularly as determined by their evolutionary history. It involves, or is related to, biological classification, scientific taxonomy and phylogenetics. Biological classification is the method by which botanists group organisms into categories such as genera or species. Biological classification is a form of scientific taxonomy. Modern taxonomy is rooted in the work of Carl Linnaeus, who grouped species according to shared physical characteristics. These groupings have since been revised to align better with the Darwinian principle of common descent – grouping organisms by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics. While scientists do not always agree on how to classify organisms, molecular phylogenetics, which uses DNA sequences as data, has driven many recent revisions along evolutionary lines and is likely to continue to do so. The dominant classification system is called Linnaean taxonomy. It includes ranks and binomial nomenclature. The nomenclature of botanical organisms is codified in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and administered by the International Botanical Congress. Question: How did Linnaeus group organisms? Answer: shared physical characteristics Question: How did Darwin change the grouping pioneered by Linnaeus? Answer: by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics Question: How are grouping determined currently? Answer: DNA sequences Question: Who maintains a standard of grouping for naming purposes? Answer: International Botanical Congress.
Context: Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, living the life of the monks, devoting himself to the composition of a group of writings; "Apology to Constantius", the "Apology for his Flight", the "Letter to the Monks", and the "History of the Arians". Question: Where did Athanasius remain for 6 years while living as a monk? Answer: Upper Egypt Question: What is name of one of the compositions composed by Athanasius while he lived as a monk? Answer: Letter to the Monks Question: Who took over after Athanasius? Answer: George of Cappadocia Question: Who influenced George of Cappadocia to become the new ruler? Answer: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople Question: Who was appointed to rule the see of Alexandria? Answer: George of Cappadocia Question: To where did Saint Athanasius withdraw? Answer: the desert of Upper Egypt Question: How long did he spend in the desert? Answer: six years Question: What is one thing he wrote during this time? Answer: Apology to Constantius Question: Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia? Answer: the Eusebian faction at Constantinople Question: Who wrote "Gratitude for his Flight"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote "Future of the Arians"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote "Gratitude to Constantius"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced. Only a few older men remained after the British Crown took over the government of the island from the East India Company in 1834. The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town. There were also a very few Indian lascars who worked under the harbour master. Question: When did Imported Chinese labor arrive? Answer: 1810 Question: How many imported Chinese laborers were there at the peak of importation? Answer: 618 Question: What year did importation of Chinese Laborers peak? Answer: 1818
Context: In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit-margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in the U.S. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the U.S. once again, starting with Sam's Club and Wal-Mart. Staples, the largest office-supply retailer in the U.S., and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the U.S., became Dell retail partners later that same year. Question: What decade did Dell sell electronics through big box stores? Answer: 1990s Question: what year did Dell stop selling products through physical retailers? Answer: 1994 Question: What store did Dell sell electronics at in 2003? Answer: Sears Question: What year did Dell begin selling products at retailers again? Answer: 2007 Question: Who is the largest electronics retailer in the US? Answer: Best Buy Question: What decade didn't Dell sell electronics through big box stores? Answer: Unanswerable Question: what year did Dell start selling products through physical retailers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What store did Dell sell electronics at in 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Dell stop selling products at retailers again? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the smallest electronics retailer in the US? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the fall of Napoleon, not only was Napoleonic Code retained by conquered countries including the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany, but has been used as the basis of certain parts of law outside Europe including the Dominican Republic, the US state of Louisiana and the Canadian province of Quebec. The memory of Napoleon in Poland is favorable, for his support for independence and opposition to Russia, his legal code, the abolition of serfdom, and the introduction of modern middle class bureaucracies. Question: After the fall of Napoleon, many countries retained what system of law? Answer: Napoleonic Code Question: Outside Europe, Napoleonic Code has been used as the basis for certain parts of what? Answer: law Question: How can the memory of Napoleon in Poland be characterized as? Answer: favorable Question: Poland views Napoleon in a positive light partially based on his opposition to what country? Answer: Russia Question: One reason Poland views Napoleon favorably is due to his abolition of what form of indentured servitude? Answer: serfdom
Context: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This leaves less room for practices such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles lend themselves to the song form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can attain a high level of complexity. Question: How is European art music distinguished from non-European and popular music? Answer: its system of staff notation Question: What method is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches, tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music? Answer: Western staff notation Question: What popular styles practice improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation? Answer: jazz and blues Question: Since it is written down, classical music can attain a high level of what? Answer: complexity Question: How is European art music distinguished from many other musical forms? Answer: its system of staff notation Question: How long has the system of staff notation been in use? Answer: since about the 16th century Question: Jazz and blues use ad libitum and what other ornamentation? Answer: improvisation Question: Classic music can a attain a high level of what? Answer: complexity
Context: The Carolingian dynasty, as the successors to Charles Martel are known, officially took control of the kingdoms of Austrasia and Neustria in a coup of 753 led by Pippin III (r. 752–768). A contemporary chronicle claims that Pippin sought, and gained, authority for this coup from Pope Stephen II (pope 752–757). Pippin's takeover was reinforced with propaganda that portrayed the Merovingians as inept or cruel rulers, exalted the accomplishments of Charles Martel, and circulated stories of the family's great piety. At the time of his death in 768, Pippin left his kingdom in the hands of his two sons, Charles (r. 768–814) and Carloman (r. 768–771). When Carloman died of natural causes, Charles blocked the succession of Carloman's young son and installed himself as the king of the united Austrasia and Neustria. Charles, more often known as Charles the Great or Charlemagne, embarked upon a programme of systematic expansion in 774 that unified a large portion of Europe, eventually controlling modern-day France, northern Italy, and Saxony. In the wars that lasted beyond 800, he rewarded allies with war booty and command over parcels of land. In 774, Charlemagne conquered the Lombards, which freed the papacy from the fear of Lombard conquest and marked the beginnings of the Papal States.[L] Question: What dynasty consisted of descendants of Charles Martel? Answer: Carolingian Question: In what year did the Carolingians take over Neustria? Answer: 753 Question: Who led the coup that gained control over Austrasia? Answer: Pippin III Question: When did Stephen II become pope? Answer: 752 Question: Along with Charles, who was the son of Pippin? Answer: Carloman
Context: Another residence was maintained at Lake Bled, while the grounds at Karađorđevo were the site of "diplomatic hunts". By 1974 the Yugoslav President had at his disposal 32 official residences, larger and small, the yacht Galeb ("seagull"), a Boeing 727 as the presidential airplane, and the Blue Train. After Tito's death the presidential Boeing 727 was sold to Aviogenex, the Galeb remained docked in Montenegro, while the Blue Train was stored in a Serbian train shed for over two decades. While Tito was the person who held the office of president for by far the longest period, the associated property was not private and much of it continues to be in use by Yugoslav successor states, as public property, or maintained at the disposal of high-ranking officials. Question: The grounds at what location were the site of "diplomatic hunts"? Answer: Karađorđevo Question: What was the name of the yacht the Yugoslav president had at his disposal? Answer: Galeb Question: What company bought the presidential Boeing 727 after Tito's death? Answer: Aviogenex Question: Where was the Galeb docked after Tito's death? Answer: Montenegro Question: What is the English translation of Galeb? Answer: seagull
Context: Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species. Question: What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins? Answer: 2010s Question: Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years? Answer: 40,000 Question: What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to? Answer: Eurasia Question: What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot? Answer: starch-rich Question: What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from? Answer: extensive genetic studies
Context: On January 27, 1967, the same day the US and USSR signed the Outer Space Treaty, the crew of the first manned Apollo mission, Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee, were killed in a fire that swept through their spacecraft cabin during a ground test, less than a month before the planned February 21 launch. An investigative board determined the fire was probably caused by an electrical spark, and quickly grew out of control, fed by the spacecraft's pure oxygen atmosphere. Crew escape was made impossible by inability to open the plug door hatch cover against the greater-than-atmospheric internal pressure. The board also found design and construction flaws in the spacecraft, and procedural failings, including failure to appreciate the hazard of the pure-oxygen atmosphere, as well as inadequate safety procedures. All these flaws had to be corrected over the next twenty-two months until the first piloted flight could be made. Mercury and Gemini veteran Grissom had been a favored choice of Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, to make the first piloted landing. Question: The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the US and the USSR on what date? Answer: January 27, 1967 Question: What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch? Answer: electrical spark Question: Who were the three people who died on the first Apollo mission before launch? Answer: Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee
Context: The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. Question: The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? Answer: national performance and ranking Question: Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development? Answer: Western Question: The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development? Answer: global Question: Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? Answer: egalitarianism Question: The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first case in which the court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state, having interpreted the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as applying the Bill of Rights to the states as well as the federal legislature. Citing Jefferson, the court concluded that "The First Amendment has erected a wall between church and state. That wall must be kept high and impregnable. We could not approve the slightest breach." Question: When was the centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution made explicit? Answer: 1947 Question: What case was the concept relevant? Answer: Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 Question: What was the topic of the Everson v. Board of Education? Answer: government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools Question: What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the first instance of? Answer: court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state Question: How must the wall separating church and state be kept? Answer: high and impregnable Question: When was the centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution not made explicit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What case wasn't the concept relevant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't the topic of the Everson v. Board of Education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the second instance of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How mustn't the wall separating church and state be kept? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chapter XI deals with evidence from biogeography, starting with the observation that differences in flora and fauna from separate regions cannot be explained by environmental differences alone; South America, Africa, and Australia all have regions with similar climates at similar latitudes, but those regions have very different plants and animals. The species found in one area of a continent are more closely allied with species found in other regions of that same continent than to species found on other continents. Darwin noted that barriers to migration played an important role in the differences between the species of different regions. The coastal sea life of the Atlantic and Pacific sides of Central America had almost no species in common even though the Isthmus of Panama was only a few miles wide. His explanation was a combination of migration and descent with modification. He went on to say: "On this principle of inheritance with modification, we can understand how it is that sections of genera, whole genera, and even families are confined to the same areas, as is so commonly and notoriously the case." Darwin explained how a volcanic island formed a few hundred miles from a continent might be colonised by a few species from that continent. These species would become modified over time, but would still be related to species found on the continent, and Darwin observed that this was a common pattern. Darwin discussed ways that species could be dispersed across oceans to colonise islands, many of which he had investigated experimentally. Question: Why couldn't differences in flora and fauna be explained by differences in regions alone? Answer: South America, Africa, and Australia all have regions with similar climates at similar latitudes, but those regions have very different plants and animals Question: What did Darwin consider that could explain why different regions could have such different species when they are close together? Answer: barriers to migration played an important role in the differences between the species of different regions. Question: What was the combination of effects that Darwin considered the most important in determining the differences in species that evolved separately in similar environments? Answer: His explanation was a combination of migration and descent with modification.
Context: On July 20, 2009, Sports Business Journal reported that the AFL owed approximately $14 million to its creditors and were considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. In early August 2009, numerous media outlets began reporting that the AFL was folding permanently and would file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The league released a statement on August 4 to the effect that while the league was not folding, it was suspending league operations indefinitely. Despite this, several of the league's creditors filed papers to force a Chapter 7 liquidation if the league did not do so voluntarily. This request was granted on August 7, though converted to a Chapter 11 reorganization on August 26. Question: On what date was it reported that the AFL was considering bankruptcy? Answer: July 20, 2009 Question: What publication reported that the Arena Football League was thinking about filing bankruptcy? Answer: Sports Business Journal Question: How much debt was the AFL reported to have as of July 20, 2009? Answer: $14 million Question: What type of bankruptcy was the league reportedly thinking about filing in July 2009? Answer: Chapter 11 Question: On what date did the AFL announce that it was not shutting down? Answer: August 4
Context: Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food. The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat. Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma, and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation, with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007. Question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing natural gas? Answer: third Question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture? Answer: 27th Question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing wheat? Answer: 5th Question: How many Fortune 500 companies are based in Oklahoma? Answer: Four Question: How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma? Answer: six
Context: Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this application is that it can organize photos into groups according to various criteria. Notable categorizations are colors, ages, or facial expressions of the people in the photos. Slideshows can be viewed with the application, along with music and playlists. The software was updated with the release of system software version 3.40 allowing users to upload and browse photos on Facebook and Picasa. Question: What application lets PS3 users view and organize photographs? Answer: Photo Gallery Question: What version of PS3 contained Photo Gallery? Answer: 2.60 Question: After version 3.4, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site? Answer: Facebook Question: Is Photo Gallery automatically or separately installed? Answer: separately Question: Photo Gallery includes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software? Answer: facial expressions Question: What allows you to view photos on PS4? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Photo Gallery takes up 150 what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What application was introduced in software version 1.60? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What version allows users to upload photos on Snapchat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What application lets PS3 users view and disorganize photographs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What version of PS2 contained Photo Gallery? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After version 4.30, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Is Video Gallery automatically or separately installed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Photo Gallery excludes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire's territories on the European continent. It initiated the conquest of North Africa, with the addition of Algeria and Egypt to the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Starting with the loss of Greece in 1821 and Algeria in 1830, Ottoman naval power and control over the Empire's distant overseas territories began to decline. Sultan Abdülaziz (reigned 1861–1876) attempted to reestablish a strong Ottoman navy, building the largest fleet after those of Britain and France. The shipyard at Barrow, England, built its first submarine in 1886 for the Ottoman Empire. Question: On what continent did the Ottoman Navy contribute most? Answer: European continent Question: What region did the Ottoman Navy conquer in the early 16th century? Answer: North Africa Question: Egypt was added to the Ottoman Empire in what year? Answer: 1517 Question: In what year did the Ottoman empire lose Greece? Answer: 1821 Question: The Ottoman empire lost what territory in 1830? Answer: Algeria

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