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Context: One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002. Question: What caused high unemployment on the island? Answer: loss of full passports Question: Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island? Answer: King George VI Question: What year did King George VI visit the island? Answer: 1947 Question: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena? Answer: 1957 Question: Prince Andrews, son of Prince Phillip visited in what year? Answer: 1984
Context: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state. Question: What country has been regarded as a potential new addition to the United States? Answer: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States Question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current political relationship? Answer: 54% Question: What percentage of voters supported statehood? Answer: 61% Question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that the United States act on these results? Answer: December 11, 2012 Question: What would be an ideal reaction from the United States, according to Puerto Rico? Answer: end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state Question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to the United States? Answer: Puerto Rico Question: What percentages of voters expressed unhappiness with the current political relationship between the U.S. and Puerto Rico? Answer: 54% Question: When did the legislature of Puerto Rico request that they be considered for statehood? Answer: December 11, 2012 Question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current territorial relationship? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of voters supported Congress? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that voters act on these results? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would be an ideal reaction from voters, according to Peurto Rico? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to Canada? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sessions for West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel. Determined to "undermine the commercial", he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill, dancehall, acid house, and industrial music. Primarily inspired by architecture, West's perfectionist tendencies led him to contact producer Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach. Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album's music and live television performances. Yeezus, West's sixth album, was released June 18, 2013 to rave reviews from critics. It became the rapper's sixth consecutive number one debut, but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales. Def Jam issued "Black Skinhead" to radio in July 2013 as the album's lead single. On September 6, 2013, Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him along the way. Question: Where did Kanye begin production on his sixth album? Answer: Paris Question: What became the name of his sixth studio album? Answer: Yeezus Question: Who did Kanye tour alongside of in order to promote the efforts of Yeezus? Answer: Kendrick Lamar Question: In what year did Kanye West begin working on his sixth album? Answer: 2013 Question: What was the inspiration behind Kanye West's decision to call Rick Rubin? Answer: architecture Question: What was the name of Kanye's sixth album? Answer: Yeezus Question: On what date was Yeezus released? Answer: June 18, 2013 Question: What artist did Kanye go on tour with while promoting album number six? Answer: Kendrick Lamar
Context: Food is passed from the kitchen to the stube, where the dining room table is placed. Some meals are communal, such as fondue, where a pot is set in the middle of the table for each person to dip into. Other meals are still served in a traditional manner on carved wooden plates. Furniture has been traditionally elaborately carved and in many Alpine countries carpentry skills are passed from generation to generation. Question: The food is passed from the kitchen to where? Answer: the stube Question: Where is the dining room table placed? Answer: the stube Question: Traditionally, what are meals served on? Answer: carved wooden plates Question: How is furniture traditionally carved? Answer: elaborately
Context: In 1901 the accession of Edward VII saw new life breathed into the palace. The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries redecorated in the Belle époque cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel King Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work. Question: In what year did Edward VII ascend to the throne? Answer: 1901 Question: Kind Edward VII and Queen Alexandra's friends were know as what? Answer: "the Marlborough House Set" Question: Some thought that King Edward VII's redecoration choices were at odds with whose prior work? Answer: Nash's Question: Which king commissioned massive redecoration in the Belle Epoque cream and gold color scheme? Answer: King Edward Question: What were the group of friends of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra called? Answer: the Marlborough House Set Question: What was at odds with Nash's original work in the palace? Answer: King Edward's heavy redecorations Question: When did King Edward VII take the throne? Answer: 1901 Question: What colors were used in the redecorations overseen by King Edward VII? Answer: Belle époque cream and gold Question: What year did Edward VII decline to ascend to the throne? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which king commissioned minor redecoration in the Belle Epoque cream and silver color scheme? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the group of people that King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra avoided called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What supported Nash's original work in the palace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What colors were avoided in the redecorations overseen by King Edward VI? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: South West Africa became known as Namibia by the UN when the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968. In 1978 the UN Security Council passed UN Resolution 435 which planned a transition toward independence for Namibia. Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia. As a result, Cuba agreed to pull back its troops in southern Angola sent to support the MPLA in its war for control of Angola with UNITA. Question: What was Namibia previously called? Answer: South West Africa Question: What date did Namibia get it's official name? Answer: 12 June 1968 Question: What was the resolution that granted Namibia it's name? Answer: Resolution 2372 (XXII) Question: How long did it take for South Africa to agree to the implantation of Namibia's new name? Answer: 1988 Question: The diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola, and Cuba was observed by the USSR and what other country? Answer: USA Question: On what date in 1978 did the UN Security Council pass Resolution 2372? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year had Cuba sent troops to Angola? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year had the MPLA formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since what year had UNITA controlled Angola? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Among which countries had been trying to persuade South Africa to give Namibia independence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: H 2 is produced in chemistry and biology laboratories, often as a by-product of other reactions; in industry for the hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates; and in nature as a means of expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions. Question: How does nature produce H2? Answer: expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions Question: How do labs produce H2? Answer: by-product of other reactions
Context: Law and finance have long been driving forces in the economy. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks, as well as offices for international companies such as Genworth Financial, CapitalOne, Philip Morris USA, and numerous other banks and brokerages. Richmond is also home to four of the largest law firms in the United States: Hunton & Williams, McGuireWoods, Williams Mullen, and LeClairRyan. Another law firm with a major Richmond presence is Troutman Sanders, which merged with Richmond-based Mays & Valentine LLP in 2001. Question: What federal court is located in Richmond? Answer: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit Question: Along with Philip Morris and CapitalOne, what prominent corporation is present in Richmond? Answer: Genworth Financial Question: What type of business is LeClairRyan? Answer: law firms Question: When did the Troutman Sanders-Mays & Valentine LLP merger occur? Answer: 2001 Question: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist in the United States? Answer: 12
Context: In seasons ten and eleven, a further round was added in Las Vegas, where the contestants perform in groups based on a theme, followed by one final solo round to determine the semi-finalists. At the end of this stage of the competition, 24 to 36 contestants are selected to move on to the semi-final stage. In season twelve the Las Vegas round became a Sudden Death round, where the judges had to choose five guys and five girls each night (four nights) to make the top twenty. In season thirteen, a new round called "Hollywood or Home" was added, where if the judges were uncertain about some contestants, those contestants were required to perform soon after landing in Los Angeles, and those who failed to impress were sent back home before they reached Hollywood. Question: In what city did contestants perform an additional round in seasons ten and eleven? Answer: Las Vegas Question: What was the Las Vegas round called in season twelve? Answer: Sudden Death Question: In which season was the "Hollywood or Home" round added to the competition? Answer: twelve
Context: Historically, the paper was not overtly pro-Tory or Whig, but has been a long time bastion of the English Establishment and empire. The Times adopted a stance described as "peculiarly detached" at the 1945 general election; although it was increasingly critical of the Conservative Party's campaign, it did not advocate a vote for any one party. However, the newspaper reverted to the Tories for the next election five years later. It supported the Conservatives for the subsequent three elections, followed by support for both the Conservatives and the Liberal Party for the next five elections, expressly supporting a Con-Lib coalition in 1974. The paper then backed the Conservatives solidly until 1997, when it declined to make any party endorsement but supported individual (primarily Eurosceptic) candidates. Question: At the 1945 general election, The Times adopted a stance that was referred to by what name? Answer: peculiarly detached Question: After 1945, The Times supported what party for 5 years afterwards? Answer: Tory Question: What kind of political coalition did The Times support in 1974? Answer: Con-Lib coalition Question: From the 1970s until 1997, The Times supported what political party? Answer: Conservatives Question: After 1997, The Times declined from making any party endorsements however, they supported individual candidates known by what name? Answer: Eurosceptic
Context: The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber. Question: What is the central bank of Liberia responsible for? Answer: printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar Question: What is Liberia considered around the world economically? Answer: one of the world's poorest countries Question: What is Liberia's employment rate? Answer: 15% Question: The GDP peaked in 1980 at what amount? Answer: US$496 Question: What does Liberia's economy heavily depends on? Answer: foreign aid Question: What is responsible for printing $1.154 billion Liberian dollars each year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Liberia's rate of isolation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has The Central Bank of Liberia depended heavily on historically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Liberian dollar equal to 496 US dollars? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the GDP per capita of Liberia in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects. The rise of the profession of industrial design is usually placed here. Following this lead, the Bauhaus school, founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919, redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history, viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis—the apex—of art, craft, and technology. Question: At what century's start did revivalist fall into disfavor? Answer: 20th Question: What new type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time? Answer: Modern Architecture Question: When did the Deutscher Werkbund get its start? Answer: 1907 Question: What was the point of the Deutscher Werkbund? Answer: to produce better quality machine made objects Question: In 1919 what school opened in Weimar, Germany? Answer: the Bauhaus school Question: At what century's end did revivalist fall into disfavor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What old type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Deutscher Werkbund end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What started in 1970? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1919 what business opened in Weimar, Germany? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,597 students in fall 2014; an additional 3,371 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for a total enrollment of 26,968 students across the three campuses. The university overall employed 2,663 faculty members in fall 2012. Question: How many people attended the University of Kansas at its Edwards and Lawrence locations in the fall semester of 2014? Answer: 23,597 Question: In the autumn of 2014, how many people attended the University of Kansas's Medical Center? Answer: 3,371 Question: How many students attended the University of Kansas combined in fall of 2014? Answer: 26,968 Question: How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2012? Answer: 2,663 Question: How many people attended the University of Kansas at its Edwards and Lawrence locations in the winter semester of 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the spring of 2014, how many people attended the University of Kansas's Medical Center? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many students attended the University of Kansas combined in fall of 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many education professionals were working at KU in the fall of 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many students were working at KU in the fall of 2012? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Later fresco replaced the more labor-intensive technique of mosaic in Western-Europe, although mosaics were sometimes used as decoration on medieval cathedrals. The Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings in Székesfehérvár (Alba Regia) had a mosaic decoration in the apse. It was probably a work of Venetian or Ravennese craftsmen, executed in the first decades of the 11th century. The mosaic was almost totally destroyed together with the basilica in the 17th century. The Golden Gate of the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague got its name from the golden 14th-century mosaic of the Last Judgement above the portal. It was executed by Venetian craftsmen. Question: What would replace the labor intensive technique of mosaic? Answer: fresco Question: When was the the mosaic at the Royal Basilica of Hungarian Kings destroyed? Answer: the 17th century Question: Who created the Last judgement mosaic in the St. Vitus Cathedral? Answer: Venetian craftsmen Question: What is the Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings also known as? Answer: Alba Regia Question: Where is the Royal Basilica of the Hungarian kings? Answer: Székesfehérvár
Context: Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP. High and low surrogate code points are not valid by themselves. Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points). The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value. Question: What are code points in the range U+D800-U+DBFF known as? Answer: high-surrogate code points Question: What are code points in the range U+DC00-U+DFFF known as? Answer: low-surrogate code points Question: what is another name for a high-surrogate code point? Answer: leading surrogate Question: what is another name for a low-surrogate code point? Answer: trailing surrogate Question: What is known as a character's scalar value? Answer: the range of code points that are available for use as characters Question: What is a low-surrogate followed by a high-surrogate called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for a surrogate pair? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many points are represented inside of BMP? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which kinds of code points are valid by themselves? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the individual number of code points called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Ministry of Health is responsible for developing health policy as well as managing the SNS. Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery. Decentralization efforts have aimed at shifting financial and management responsibility to the regional level. In practice, however, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care. Question: What is the Ministry of Health responsible for? Answer: developing health policy as well as managing the SNS Question: How many regional health administrations exist in Portugal? Answer: Five Question: What are the regional health administrations in charge of? Answer: implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery
Context: Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotional energy during face-to-face interactions. Emotional energy is considered to be a feeling of confidence to take action and a boldness that one experiences when they are charged up from the collective effervescence generated during group gatherings that reach high levels of intensity. Question: Who came up with the interaction ritual theory? Answer: Randall Collins Question: From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived? Answer: totemic rituals Question: In addition to Durkheim, whose work influenced the development of interaction ritual theory? Answer: Goffman Question: What is the term for a feeling of confidence to take action? Answer: Emotional energy Question: What is the term for the energy generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals? Answer: collective effervescence Question: Who rejected the interaction ritual theory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what work of Durkheim's wasn't interaction ritual theory derived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In addition to Durkheim, whose work didn't influence the development of interaction ritual theory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for a feeling of confidence to not take action? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for the energy not generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Protestants reject the Roman Catholic Church's doctrine that it is the one true church, believing in the invisible church, which consists of all who profess faith in Jesus Christ. Some Protestant denominations are less accepting of other denominations, and the basic orthodoxy of some is questioned by most of the others. Individual denominations also have formed over very subtle theological differences. Other denominations are simply regional or ethnic expressions of the same beliefs. Because the five solas are the main tenets of the Protestant faith, non-denominational groups and organizations are also considered Protestant. Question: What type of church do Protestants believe in? Answer: the invisible church Question: Who comprises the invisible church? Answer: all who profess faith in Jesus Christ Question: What is the name of the main principles of Protestantism? Answer: the five solas Question: What other entities are also considered to be Protestant? Answer: non-denominational groups and organizations Question: What Catholic doctrine do Protestants not believe in? Answer: it is the one true church
Context: Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the "Toughest Track in the South" and "The Action Track", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin. Question: When did the RIR begin to host the Capital City 400? Answer: 1962 Question: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR? Answer: 2009 Question: In what direction does one travel from Richmond to reach Southside Speedway? Answer: southwest Question: What is the shape of Southside Speedway? Answer: oval Question: Along with "The Action Track," what is a nickname of Southside Speedway? Answer: Toughest Track in the South
Context: For example, one might refer to the A above middle C as a', A4, or 440 Hz. In standard Western equal temperament, the notion of pitch is insensitive to "spelling": the description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as A4; in other temperaments, these may be distinct pitches. Human perception of musical intervals is approximately logarithmic with respect to fundamental frequency: the perceived interval between the pitches "A220" and "A440" is the same as the perceived interval between the pitches A440 and A880. Motivated by this logarithmic perception, music theorists sometimes represent pitches using a numerical scale based on the logarithm of fundamental frequency. For example, one can adopt the widely used MIDI standard to map fundamental frequency, f, to a real number, p, as follows Question: The notion of pitch is insensitive to what? Answer: spelling Question: The description "G4 double sharp" refers to the same pitch as what? Answer: A4 Question: Human perception of musical intervals is approximately what? Answer: logarithmic Question: Music theorist represent pitches using what kind of scale? Answer: numerical
Context: The government of the City of Miami (proper) uses the mayor-commissioner type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners which are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances, adopt regulations, and exercise all powers conferred upon the city in the city charter. The mayor is elected at large and appoints a city manager. The City of Miami is governed by Mayor Tomás Regalado and 5 City commissioners which oversee the five districts in the City. The commission's regular meetings are held at Miami City Hall, which is located at 3500 Pan American Drive on Dinner Key in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove . Question: Under what government system does Miami operate? Answer: mayor-commissioner Question: How many members are on the city commission? Answer: five Question: Who is the Mayor of Miami? Answer: Tomás Regalado Question: What is the street address of Miami City Hall? Answer: 3500 Pan American Drive Question: In what neighborhood is Miami City Hall located? Answer: Coconut Grove Question: Under what government system doesn't Miami operate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many members aren't on the city commission? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who isn't the Mayor of Miami? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the street address of Miami City Hall? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what neighborhood is Miami City Hall not located? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history. Question: Which philosopher of the Muslim world is considered an important author of work on evolution? Answer: al-Jahiz Question: Ibn al-Haytham can be known by another name, what is it? Answer: Alhazen Question: What type of work is Ibn al-Haytham known to have pioneered? Answer: phenomenology and the philosophy of science Question: Who is considered to have been the one that founded Illuminationist philosophy? Answer: Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi Question: Which philosopher in the Muslim world championed inductive logic in their works? Answer: Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Question: Who is credited with further developing Illuinationist philosophy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What natural philosophy did Tufail ctiticize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What logic did AlpBiruni criticize? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern British history between a monarch and a Prime Minister". Every Tuesday for four and a half years from September 1940, the two men met privately for lunch to discuss the war in secret and with frankness. Question: Who was Winston Churchill's predecessor? Answer: Neville Chamberlain Question: What position did Churchill hold? Answer: Prime Minister Question: What day of the week did Churchill and the King meet? Answer: Tuesday Question: Who did Churchill appoint to Cabinet that the King did not like? Answer: Lord Beaverbrook Question: Who was Lord Halifax in 1940? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Lord Beaverbrook in 1940? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month and year did the war start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who replaced Winston Churchill as Prime Minister? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Electrical contacts may carry a "T" rating symbol indicating that they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps. For a 100-watt, 120-volt general-service lamp, the current stabilizes in about 0.10 seconds, and the lamp reaches 90% of its full brightness after about 0.13 seconds. Question: What determines the resistance of a filament? Answer: temperature Question: What does a "T" rating symbol on an electrical contact mean? Answer: they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps Question: How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness? Answer: 0.13 seconds Question: How does the cold resistance of tungsten filament lamps compare to the hot resistance? Answer: The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance Question: What is the resistance of a typical lit 100-watt incandescent bulb? Answer: 144 ohms Question: What does not determine the actual resistance of a filament? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a "T' rating symbol on an electrical contact not mean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long does it take a typical 60-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the resistance of a typical lit 60 watt bulb? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Later interpretations of Avicenna's philosophy split into three different schools; those (such as al-Tusi) who continued to apply his philosophy as a system to interpret later political events and scientific advances; those (such as al-Razi) who considered Avicenna's theological works in isolation from his wider philosophical concerns; and those (such as al-Ghazali) who selectively used parts of his philosophy to support their own attempts to gain greater spiritual insights through a variety of mystical means. It was the theological interpretation championed by those such as al-Razi which eventually came to predominate in the madrasahs. Question: Which interpretation of Avicenna's work was more taught in Islamic schools? Answer: al-Razi Question: Interpretations of Avicenna's work split into how many different schools? Answer: three Question: Who used only parts of Avicenna's works to support their own great spiritual insights? Answer: al-Ghazali Question: Who used Avicenna's work to help understand future political events? Answer: al-Tusi Question: What are Islamic schools also known as? Answer: madrasahs Question: Who's philosophy was spilt into 4 different schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which interpretation of Avicenna's work was banned in Islamic schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did al-Tusi believe Avicenna's theological works were isolated from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's philosophy did Avicenna use to gain greater spiritual insight? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which interpretation of Avicenna's work was less taught in Islamic schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Misinterpretations of Avicenna's work split into how many different schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who used only parts of Avicenna's works to reject their own great spiritual insights? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who used Avicenna's work to help understand past political events? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are Islamic schools not known as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Polarization is predictable from an antenna's geometry, although in some cases it is not at all obvious (such as for the quad antenna). An antenna's linear polarization is generally along the direction (as viewed from the receiving location) of the antenna's currents when such a direction can be defined. For instance, a vertical whip antenna or Wi-Fi antenna vertically oriented will transmit and receive in the vertical polarization. Antennas with horizontal elements, such as most rooftop TV antennas in the United States, are horizontally polarized (broadcast TV in the U.S. usually uses horizontal polarization). Even when the antenna system has a vertical orientation, such as an array of horizontal dipole antennas, the polarization is in the horizontal direction corresponding to the current flow. The polarization of a commercial antenna is an essential specification. Question: Whats predictable about an antenna's geometry? Answer: Polarization Question: What is a more complicated type of polarization from an antenna's geometry? Answer: quad antenna Question: The polarization of what antenna is essential specification? Answer: commercial antenna Question: Most rooftop antenna's are polarized in which direction? Answer: horizontal
Context: He moved rapidly. First, he promoted Confucian orthodoxy and reversed what he saw as his father's laxness by cracking down on unorthodox sects and by decapitating an anti-Manchu writer his father had pardoned. In 1723 he outlawed Christianity and expelled Christian missionaries, though some were allowed to remain in the capital. Next, he moved to control the government. He expanded his father's system of Palace Memorials which brought frank and detailed reports on local conditions directly to the throne without being intercepted by the bureaucracy, and created a small Grand Council of personal advisors which eventually grew into the emperor's de facto cabinet for the rest of the dynasty. He shrewdly filled key positions with Manchu and Han Chinese officials who depended on his patronage. When he began to realize that the financial crisis was even greater than he had thought, Yongzheng rejected his father's lenient approach to local landowning elites and mounted a campaign to enforce collection of the land tax. The increased revenues were to be used for "money to nourish honesty" among local officials and for local irrigation, schools, roads, and charity. Although these reforms were effective in the north, in the south and lower Yangzi valley, where Kangxi had wooed the elites, there were long established networks of officials and landowners. Yongzheng dispatched experienced Manchu commissioners to penetrate the thickets of falsified land registers and coded account books, but they were met with tricks, passivity, and even violence. The fiscal crisis persisted. Question: Who did Yongzheng behead? Answer: anti-Manchu writer Question: What religion did Yongzheng ban? Answer: Christianity Question: When did Yongzheng ban christianity? Answer: 1723 Question: What did Yongzheng crack down on? Answer: collection of the land tax
Context: From his diagrams of a small number of particles interacting in spacetime, Feynman could then model all of physics in terms of the spins of those particles and the range of coupling of the fundamental forces. Feynman attempted an explanation of the strong interactions governing nucleons scattering called the parton model. The parton model emerged as a complement to the quark model developed by his Caltech colleague Murray Gell-Mann. The relationship between the two models was murky; Gell-Mann referred to Feynman's partons derisively as "put-ons". In the mid-1960s, physicists believed that quarks were just a bookkeeping device for symmetry numbers, not real particles, as the statistics of the Omega-minus particle, if it were interpreted as three identical strange quarks bound together, seemed impossible if quarks were real. The Stanford linear accelerator deep inelastic scattering experiments of the late 1960s showed, analogously to Ernest Rutherford's experiment of scattering alpha particles on gold nuclei in 1911, that nucleons (protons and neutrons) contained point-like particles that scattered electrons. It was natural to identify these with quarks, but Feynman's parton model attempted to interpret the experimental data in a way that did not introduce additional hypotheses. For example, the data showed that some 45% of the energy momentum was carried by electrically-neutral particles in the nucleon. These electrically-neutral particles are now seen to be the gluons that carry the forces between the quarks and carry also the three-valued color quantum number that solves the Omega-minus problem. Feynman did not dispute the quark model; for example, when the fifth quark was discovered in 1977, Feynman immediately pointed out to his students that the discovery implied the existence of a sixth quark, which was discovered in the decade after his death. Question: What model did Murray Gell-Mann develop? Answer: quark model Question: What model did Feynman produce to complement the quark model? Answer: parton model Question: Quarks were thought of as what in the 1960s? Answer: not real particles Question: Which scientist experimented with blasting alpha particles at the nuclei of gold? Answer: Ernest Rutherford Question: After the fifth quark was discovered, Feynman said what had to also exist? Answer: sixth quark Question: What model did Murray Gell-Mann oppose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What model did Feynman produce to go against the quark model? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were quarks thought of in the 1990s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which scientist experimented with blasting alpha particles at the nuclei of silver? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was discovered after the seventh quark? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay. Balboa Park encompasses several mesas and canyons to the northeast, surrounded by older, dense urban communities including Hillcrest and North Park. To the east and southeast lie City Heights, the College Area, and Southeast San Diego. To the north lies Mission Valley and Interstate 8. The communities north of the valley and freeway, and south of Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, include Clairemont, Kearny Mesa, Tierrasanta, and Navajo. Stretching north from Miramar are the northern suburbs of Mira Mesa, Scripps Ranch, Rancho Peñasquitos, and Rancho Bernardo. The far northeast portion of the city encompasses Lake Hodges and the San Pasqual Valley, which holds an agricultural preserve. Carmel Valley and Del Mar Heights occupy the northwest corner of the city. To their south are Torrey Pines State Reserve and the business center of the Golden Triangle. Further south are the beach and coastal communities of La Jolla, Pacific Beach, Mission Beach, and Ocean Beach. Point Loma occupies the peninsula across San Diego Bay from downtown. The communities of South San Diego, such as San Ysidro and Otay Mesa, are located next to the Mexico–United States border, and are physically separated from the rest of the city by the cities of National City and Chula Vista. A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city. Question: What community covers the area from Downtown San Diego to the peninsula? Answer: Point Loma Question: Where is Otay Mesa found within the city? Answer: next to the Mexico–United States border Question: What is the only coastal community in San Diego without the word "beach" in its name? Answer: La Jolla Question: Which valley is encompassed by the most northeast portion of San Diego? Answer: San Pasqual Valley Question: What community covers the area from Downtown San Francisco to the peninsula? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Otay Mesa found outside the city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only coastal community in San Francisco without the word "beach" in its name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only coastal community in San Diego with the word "beach" in its name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which valley is encompassed by the most southeast portion of San Diego? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent of Roman religious law. Newly municipal Sabratha built a Capitolium near its existing temple to Liber Pater and Serapis. Autonomy and concord were official policy, but new foundations by Roman citizens or their Romanised allies were likely to follow Roman cultic models. Romanisation offered distinct political and practical advantages, especially to local elites. All the known effigies from the 2nd century AD forum at Cuicul are of emperors or Concordia. By the middle of the 1st century AD, Gaulish Vertault seems to have abandoned its native cultic sacrifice of horses and dogs in favour of a newly established, Romanised cult nearby: by the end of that century, Sabratha’s so-called tophet was no longer in use. Colonial and later Imperial provincial dedications to Rome's Capitoline Triad were a logical choice, not a centralised legal requirement. Major cult centres to "non-Roman" deities continued to prosper: notable examples include the magnificent Alexandrian Serapium, the temple of Aesculapeus at Pergamum and Apollo's sacred wood at Antioch. Question: From what were countries in the empire free? Answer: Roman religious law Question: What were Rome's policies in regards to foreign peoples? Answer: inclusionist policies Question: What was Rome's policy towards government? Answer: Autonomy and concord Question: What did foreign cults gradually begin to display in similarity to Roman cults? Answer: Romanised Question: What was Rome not demanding of in religion of foreign areas of the empire? Answer: centralised legal requirement
Context: The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500. Question: What was the lifespan of Theodore Hesburgh? Answer: 1917–2015 Question: During what years was Theodor Hesburgh president of Notre Dame? Answer: 1952–87 Question: In the time that Hesburgh was president of Notre Dame by what factor did the operating budget increase? Answer: 18 Question: What was the size of the Notre Dame endowment when Theodore Hesburgh became president? Answer: $9 million Question: How many faculty members were at Notre Dame when Hesburgh left the role of president? Answer: 950
Context: NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February, featuring the Daytona 500, and ends all three Series in November at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Daytona also has the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend around Independence Day in July. The 24 Hours of Daytona is one of the world's most prestigious endurance auto races. The Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and Grand Prix of Miami have held IndyCar races as well. Question: What is headquartered in Daytona Answer: NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February Question: Name another race in florida Answer: Daytona also has the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend around Independence Day in July Question: What is the 24 hours of Daytona Answer: The 24 Hours of Daytona is one of the world's most prestigious endurance auto races Question: What does St Pete feature for a race Answer: The Grand Prix of St. Petersburg Question: What car related sport is headquartered outside of Daytona Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other race takes place outside of Daytona? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the 48 hours of Daytona Answer: Unanswerable Question: What locations do not hold Indy car races? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What series ends in March? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Under ordinary conditions on Earth, elemental hydrogen exists as the diatomic gas, H2. However, hydrogen gas is very rare in the Earth's atmosphere (1 ppm by volume) because of its light weight, which enables it to escape from Earth's gravity more easily than heavier gases. However, hydrogen is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, mostly in the form of chemical compounds such as hydrocarbons and water. Hydrogen gas is produced by some bacteria and algae and is a natural component of flatus, as is methane, itself a hydrogen source of increasing importance. Question: How abundant is hydrogen on the earths surface? Answer: third most abundant Question: what produces hydrogen gas? Answer: bacteria and algae
Context: On January 8, 2006, while Schwarzenegger was riding his Harley Davidson motorcycle in Los Angeles, with his son Patrick in the sidecar, another driver backed into the street he was riding on, causing him and his son to collide with the car at a low speed. While his son and the other driver were unharmed, the governor sustained a minor injury to his lip, requiring 15 stitches. "No citations were issued", said Officer Jason Lee, a Los Angeles Police Department spokesman. Schwarzenegger did not obtain his motorcycle license until July 3, 2006. Question: Which of Schwarzenegger's sons was with him when he had a motorcycle accident in 2006? Answer: Patrick
Context: Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that "after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them." Wang and Nyima state that, despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there, these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces. However, there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet. John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan, which the Marquis Mu Ying (沐英) was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu. Langlois notes that by October 1379, Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals. Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390. Question: When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet? Answer: the 14th century Question: When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell? Answer: November 1378 Question: How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture? Answer: 30,000 Question: How many animals did Mu Ying capture? Answer: 200,000 Question: Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into Sichuan? Answer: Ming general Qu Neng
Context: Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944. Question: What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century? Answer: embarkation Question: In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role? Answer: the Crimean war Question: What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port? Answer: the Great War Question: What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment? Answer: POWs Question: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe? Answer: 1944
Context: The Gurkhas, a martial tribe, came to power in Nepal in the year 1768. They consolidated their military power and began to expand their territory. Gradually, the Gorkhas annexed Sirmour and Shimla. With the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa, Gorkhas laid siege to Kangra. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs. However, Gurkhas could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1809. After the defeat, the Gurkhas began to expand towards the south of the state. However, Raja Ram Singh, Raja of Siba State managed to capture the fort of Siba from the remnants of Lahore Darbar in Samvat 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War. They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj. The British gradually emerged as the paramount power. In the revolt of 1857, or first Indian war of independence, arising from a number of grievances against the British, the people of the hill states were not as politically active as were those in other parts of the country. They and their rulers, with the exception of Bushahr, remained more or less inactive. Some, including the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami, rendered help to the British government during the revolt. Question: When did the Gurkhas come into power? Answer: 1768 Question: Where did the Gurkhas come into power? Answer: Nepal Question: Who lead the Gorkas to siege Kangra? Answer: Amar Singh Thapa Question: In 1806 who did Gorkas defeat with the help of provincial chiefs? Answer: Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, Question: Who rendered help to the British government during the revolt? Answer: rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami Question: In what year did Kangra come to power in Nepal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the Chamba doing with territory in Nepal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who led the Dhami when they laid siege to Kangra? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was in control of Lahore Darbar in 1809? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the first Bilaspur war for independence against the British? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Mean speeds vary greatly, but is typically around 1 m (3 ft) per day. There may be no motion in stagnant areas; for example, in parts of Alaska, trees can establish themselves on surface sediment deposits. In other cases, glaciers can move as fast as 20–30 m (70–100 ft) per day, such as in Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ (Greenlandic: Sermeq Kujalleq). Velocity increases with increasing slope, increasing thickness, increasing snowfall, increasing longitudinal confinement, increasing basal temperature, increasing meltwater production and reduced bed hardness. Question: In what area of Greenland can glaciers move 20-30m per day? Answer: Jakobshavn Isbræ Question: Increasing slope, thickness, snowfall, longitudinal confinement, basal temperature, and meltwater production result in increased what? Answer: Velocity Question: How far do glaciers generally move per day? Answer: 1 m (3 ft) Question: Why are some glaciers stagnant in Alaska? Answer: trees can establish themselves on surface sediment deposits Question: What typically moves at around 3 meters a day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What grows on moving glaciers in Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes some glaciers stagnant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes increased thickness? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Hellenistic Egypt, the mathematician Euclid laid down the foundations of mathematical rigor and introduced the concepts of definition, axiom, theorem and proof still in use today in his Elements, considered the most influential textbook ever written. Archimedes, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, is credited with using the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of Pi. He is also known in physics for laying the foundations of hydrostatics, statics, and the explanation of the principle of the lever. Question: Who wrote the book Elements? Answer: Euclid Question: What was contained within the book Elements? Answer: the foundations of mathematical rigor Question: Who was able to determine the the area under a parabola? Answer: Archimedes Question: What method did Archimedes employ to determine the area under a parabola? Answer: exhaustion Question: Which mathematical figure did Archimedes approximate? Answer: Pi
Context: The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand. Question: What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers? Answer: Mayflower Question: What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton? Answer: 1620 Question: How many crew members out of every five on the RMS Titanic were Sotonians? Answer: Four Question: What company operated passenger ships across the Atlantic, including the RMS Queen Elizabeth? Answer: Cunard Question: In what year did Southampton Container Terminals open? Answer: 1968
Context: The dictatorship of Franco forbade political parties and began a harsh ideological and cultural repression countenanced and sometimes even led by the Church. The financial markets were destabilised, causing a severe economic crisis that led to rationing. A black market in rationed goods existed for over a decade. The Francoist administrations of Valencia silenced publicity of the catastrophic consequences of the floods of 1949 with the attendant dozens of deaths, but could not do the same after the even more tragic flood of 1957 when the river Turia overflowed its banks again, killing many Valencians (officially, eighty-one died; the actual figure is not known). To prevent further disasters, the river was eventually diverted to a new course. The old river bed was abandoned for years, and successive Francoist mayors proposed making it a motorway, but that option was finally rejected with the advent of democracy and fervent neighbourhood protests. The river was divided in two at the western city limits (Plan Sur de Valencia), and diverted southwards along a new course that skirts the city, before meeting the Mediterranean. The old course of the river continues, dry, through the city centre, almost to the sea. The old riverbed is now a verdant sunken park called the 'Garden of the Turia' (Jardí del Túria or Jardín del Turia) that allows cyclists and pedestrians to traverse much of the city without the use of roads; overhead bridges carry motor traffic across the park. Question: Whose regime prohibited political parties? Answer: Franco Question: According to official figures, how many died in the flood of 1957? Answer: eighty-one Question: What river flooded in 1957? Answer: Turia Question: What park is located in the previous river bed? Answer: Garden of the Turia Question: What suggested use for the river bed was rejected? Answer: motorway
Context: Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. Third, the Earth is at aphelion in July (i.e., the Earth is farthest from the Sun in the Antarctic winter), and the Earth is at perihelion in January (i.e., the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Antarctic summer). The orbital distance contributes to a colder Antarctic winter (and a warmer Antarctic summer) but the first two effects have more impact. Question: Which of the the poles is colder? Answer: Antarctica Question: How high is the continent of Antarctica above sea level? Answer: 3,000 m Question: How does the Arctic Ocean warm the Arctic? Answer: warmth is transferred Question: What contributes to the Antarctic cold? Answer: orbital distance Question: What does temperature do with elevation? Answer: decreases Question: What is one reason the Actric colder than Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How far above sea level is the Arctic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What increases with elevation in the tropasphere? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does the Arctic Ocean warm Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many reasons are given for the Arctic being colder than Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continent is 3,000 ft above sea level? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the distance orbital contribute to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continent is 9,800 m above sea level? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had failed in generating mass public participation. In the new movement, Nasser attempted to incorporate more citizens, approved by local-level party committees, in order to solidify popular backing for his government. The NU would select a nominee for the presidential election whose name would be provided for public approval. Question: In what year did Egypt get a new constitution? Answer: 1956 Question: What was the political party arrangement of the new constitution? Answer: single-party system Question: What was the dominant political party? Answer: National Union Question: From what group did the National Union originate? Answer: Liberation Rally Question: Who did Nasser want more involved in his new political order? Answer: citizens
Context: Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi. Question: Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law? Answer: General Khalid Question: When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born? Answer: 1970 Question: What was the maiden surname of Gaddafi's second wife? Answer: el-Brasai Question: What tribe did Safia Farkash belong to? Answer: Obeidat Question: When did Khamis Gaddafi die? Answer: 2011
Context: The Pro Electron standard, the European Electronic Component Manufacturers Association part numbering scheme, begins with two letters: the first gives the semiconductor type (A for germanium, B for silicon, and C for materials like GaAs); the second letter denotes the intended use (A for diode, C for general-purpose transistor, etc.). A 3-digit sequence number (or one letter then 2 digits, for industrial types) follows. With early devices this indicated the case type. Suffixes may be used, with a letter (e.g. "C" often means high hFE, such as in: BC549C) or other codes may follow to show gain (e.g. BC327-25) or voltage rating (e.g. BUK854-800A). The more common prefixes are: Question: What is the Pro Electron standard? Answer: European Electronic Component Manufacturers Association part numbering scheme Question: How many letters does the part numbering scheme begin with? Answer: two letters Question: What is the first letter in the part numbering scheme? Answer: the semiconductor type Question: What is the second letter in the part numbering scheme? Answer: the intended use Question: What follows the 2 letters in the part numbering scheme? Answer: A 3-digit sequence number Question: What is the most common semiconductor type? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most common intended use for transistors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kinds of transistor are more likely to use a suffix? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What devices are more likely to have a code with a voltage rating? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most common reason to have a suffix on a device's number? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous "Give me Liberty or Give me Death" speech in St. John's Church in Richmond, crucial for deciding Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and setting the course for revolution and independence. On April 18, 1780, the state capital was moved from the colonial capital of Williamsburg to Richmond, to provide a more centralized location for Virginia's increasing westerly population, as well as to isolate the capital from British attack. The latter motive proved to be in vain, and in 1781, under the command of Benedict Arnold, Richmond was burned by British troops, causing Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee as the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, defended the city. Question: What did Patrick Henry's famous speech persuade Virginians to send delegates to? Answer: First Continental Congress Question: What was the capital of Virginia prior to Richmond? Answer: Williamsburg Question: What general led the troops that burned Richmond? Answer: Benedict Arnold Question: Who led the militia that defended Richmond? Answer: Sampson Mathews Question: Who was the governor of Virginia in 1781? Answer: Thomas Jefferson
Context: On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed] In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed] Question: Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act? Answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt Question: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act? Answer: 16 March 1934 Question: What does the Act require all hunters over the age of sixteen to do? Answer: an annual stamp purchase Question: What do 98% of all the funds generated by the stamp sales go to? Answer: the purchase or lease of wetland habitat Question: How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds? Answer: one third Question: What act was signed in 1934? Answer: Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act Question: What President signed this act? Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt Question: What is the requirement of the act? Answer: annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen Question: What do the stamps depict? Answer: wildlife artwork Question: What percentage of the endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp Funds. Answer: one third Question: In what year was the US Postal Service created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What President founded the US Postal Service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date was the National Wildlife Refuge System created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of the waterfowl in the US were endangered in 1934? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the minimum age needed to take part in the US Postal Service stamp art contest? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some historians estimate the number of magnates as 1% of the number of szlachta. Out of approx. one million szlachta, tens of thousands of families, only 200–300 persons could be classed as great magnates with country-wide possessions and influence, and 30–40 of them could be viewed as those with significant impact on Poland's politics. Question: Historians estimate how much of magnates make up szlachta? Answer: 1% Question: Out of one million szlachtas how many were magnates? Answer: 200–300 Question: Out of one million how many people could be viewed with significant impact politically? Answer: 30–40
Context: In 1858, the French emperor Napoleon III successfully gained the possession, in the name of the French government, of Longwood House and the lands around it, last residence of Napoleon I (who died there in 1821). It is still French property, administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Question: Which french emperor gained possession of Longwood house and the land surrounding it? Answer: Napoleon III Question: What year did the French Emperor Napoleon III take control of Longwood house? Answer: 1858 Question: Who was the last resident of Longwood house before Napoleon III took it over? Answer: Napoleon I Question: Who has authority over Longwood house? Answer: French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Context: The first areas of the brain to be pruned are those involving primary functions, such as motor and sensory areas. The areas of the brain involved in more complex processes lose matter later in development. These include the lateral and prefrontal cortices, among other regions. Some of the most developmentally significant changes in the brain occur in the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in decision making and cognitive control, as well as other higher cognitive functions. During adolescence, myelination and synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex increases, improving the efficiency of information processing, and neural connections between the prefrontal cortex and other regions of the brain are strengthened. This leads to better evaluation of risks and rewards, as well as improved control over impulses. Specifically, developments in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are important for controlling impulses and planning ahead, while development in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex is important for decision making. Changes in the orbitofrontal cortex are important for evaluating rewards and risks. Question: Which part of the brain is involved in decision making and cognitive control? Answer: prefrontal cortex Question: Which area of the brain is important for controlling impulses and planning ahead? Answer: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Question: Which part of the brain is important for evaluating rewards and risks? Answer: orbitofrontal cortex Question: Which are the first areas to be pruned during puberty? Answer: those involving primary functions Question: Motor and sensory skills are examples of what kind of brain function? Answer: primary
Context: Paul VI was the first pope to receive an Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Michael Ramsey in official audience as Head of Church, after the private audience visit of Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher to Pope John XXIII on 2 December 1960. Ramsey met Paul three times during his visit and opened the Anglican Centre in Rome to increase their mutual knowledge. He praised Paul VI[e] and his contributions in the service of unity. Paul replied that "by entering into our house, you are entering your own house, we are happy to open our door and heart to you." The two Church leaders signed a common declaration, which put an end to the disputes of the past and outlined a common agenda for the future. Question: Who was the first pope to meet with an Anglican Archbishop as an official Head of Church since 1960? Answer: Paul VI Question: Who was Archbishop of Canterbury during Paul VI papacy? Answer: Michael Ramsey Question: How many times did Archbishop Ramsey meet with Paul VI? Answer: three Question: What center did Archbishop Ramsey open in Rome to improve Anglican and Catholic relations? Answer: Anglican Centre Question: In what Italian center was the Anglican center opened in by Archbishop Ramsey? Answer: Rome
Context: Much of the colonial administration belonged to this club, which had been formed by the Duke of Wellington. Meadows' terminology must represent usage by that administration. If not the first use of the terms, the letter to the Times was certainly one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary to the general public. They became immediately popular, supplanting "Levant" and "East Indies," which gradually receded to minor usages and then began to change meaning. Question: What was one of the earliest presentations of this vocabulary? Answer: the letter to the Times Question: What was said must represent usage by that administration? Answer: Meadows' terminology Question: Who had formed the club that contained much of the colonial administration? Answer: Duke of Wellington
Context: By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hill which became known as the "Mountain of Martyrs" (Mons Martyrum), eventually "Montmartre". His burial place became an important religious shrine; the Basilica of Saint-Denis was built there and became the burial place of the French Kings. Question: What was Paris known as in Latin? Answer: Parisius Question: In what century was Christianity introduced? Answer: 3rd Question: Who brought Christianity to Paris? Answer: Saint Denis Question: What is the name of Saint Denis burial place? Answer: Basilica of Saint-Denis Question: Where was Saint Denis beheaded? Answer: Mountain of Martyrs
Context: Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον). The latter means wood (a live tree, timber or an object constructed of wood); in earlier forms of Greek, the former term meant an upright stake or pole, but in Koine Greek it was used also to mean a cross. The Latin word crux was also applied to objects other than a cross. Question: What kind of cross is generally believed that Jesus was crucified on? Answer: traditional two-beamed cross Question: What cross do Jehovah Witnesses claim Jesus was crucified on? Answer: single upright stake Question: What causes the different accounts of the cross used? Answer: The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous Question: What latin word was used to describe the cross used? Answer: crux Question: Why was there doubt about the Latin word? Answer: crux was also applied to objects other than a cross Question: What terms did Jehovah's Witnesses use to describe a cross? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the definition of koine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What objects were the word gibbet also applied to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the nature of the words Jehovah's Witnesses use to describe wood? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did Jehovah's Witnesses base their religious writings on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions, promising fewer redundancies if he acquired the newspaper. He assured IPC that he would publish a "straightforward, honest newspaper" which would continue to support Labour. IPC, under pressure from the unions, rejected Maxwell's offer, and Murdoch bought the paper for £800,000, to be paid in instalments. He would later remark: "I am constantly amazed at the ease with which I entered British newspapers." Question: What did the prospective owner of the paper promise? Answer: fewer redundancies Question: How did the prospective publisher describe the newspaper he would produce? Answer: a "straightforward, honest newspaper" Question: Which party would the newspaper endorse? Answer: Labour Question: What was the price paid for the newspaper? Answer: £800,000 Question: Whose offer to buy the paper was turned down? Answer: Maxwell's offer
Context: Many species of the second major avialan lineage to diversify, the Euornithes (meaning "true birds", because they include the ancestors of modern birds), were semi-aquatic and specialized in eating fish and other small aquatic organisms. Unlike the enantiornithes, which dominated land-based and arboreal habitats, most early euornithes lacked perching adaptations and seem to have included shorebird-like species, waders, and swimming and diving species. The later included the superficially gull-like Ichthyornis, the Hesperornithiformes, which became so well adapted to hunting fish in marine environments that they lost the ability to fly and became primarily aquatic. The early euornithes also saw the development of many traits associated with modern birds, like strongly keeled breastbones, toothless, beaked portions of their jaws (though most non-avian euornithes retained teeth in other parts of the jaws). Euornithes also included the first avialans to develop true pygostyle and a fully mobile fan of tail feathers, which may have replaced the "hind wing" as the primary mode of aerial maneuverability and braking in flight. Question: What does Euornithes mean? Answer: true birds Question: Why does Euornithes mean "true birds?" Answer: because they include the ancestors of modern birds Question: What group became the first avialans to develop true pygostyle and a fully mobile fan of tail feathers? Answer: Euornithes Question: What may have replaced the "hind wing" as the primary mode of aerial maneuverability? Answer: fully mobile fan of tail feathers
Context: Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to wildfire, and the rates of fire have increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas. Question: What trees are protected along the coast of San Diego? Answer: Torrey pine Question: What drought-resistant shrub is San Diego known for? Answer: chaparral Question: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Diego? Answer: low elevations Question: What disadvantage comes along with sage scrub habitats? Answer: prone to wildfire Question: How is San Diego able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons? Answer: The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats Question: What trees are protected along the coast of San Francisco? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What drought-resistant shrub is San Francisco known for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where can one find the most sage scrub in San Francisco? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What advantage comes along with sage scrub habitats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is San Francisco able to offer everything from tidal marsh to canyons? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Major corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone and International Paper, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group, based in Knoxville; Eastman Chemical Company, based in Kingsport; the North American headquarters of Nissan Motor Company, based in Franklin; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Financial, based in Nashville; and Unum, based in Chattanooga. Tennessee is also the location of the Volkswagen factory in Chattanooga, a $2 billion polysilicon production facility by Wacker Chemie in Bradley County, and a $1.2 billion polysilicon production facility by Hemlock Semiconductor in Clarksville. Question: Where in Tennessee is the headquarters of International Paper? Answer: Memphis Question: Where is Nissan Motor Company's headquarters in the United States? Answer: Franklin Question: Which company has a $2 billion production plant in Bradley County? Answer: Wacker Chemie Question: Hemlock Semiconductor produces electronic components in which Tennessee city? Answer: Clarksville Question: Which major global shipping company is based in Memphis? Answer: FedEx
Context: CD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality of the writing drive, and storage conditions. However, testing has demonstrated such degradation of some discs in as little as 18 months under normal storage conditions. This failure is known as disc rot, for which there are several, mostly environmental, reasons. Question: How long are CDs expected to last? Answer: 20 to 100 years Question: What can cause sudden disc degradation? Answer: disc rot Question: Are CDs meant for permanent or temporary use? Answer: permanent Question: What can the aluminium on a disc cause reading errors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does disc rot allow CD-Rs to last for years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are CD-Rs considered temporary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company discovered disc rot? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of environment is best for a CD-R? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations. He made countering every federal crime a top priority, including the prevention of terrorism, countering foreign intelligence operations, addressing cyber security threats, other high-tech crimes, protecting civil rights, combating public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime. Question: What FBI agent was killed during attacks on the World Trade Center? Answer: Leonard W. Hatton Jr Question: What tower was Leonard W. Hatton Jr attempting to evacuate? Answer: South Tower Question: What did the FBI's new director want? Answer: re-engineering Question: What was the new head of the FBI's top priority? Answer: countering every federal crime Question: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer? Answer: structure and operations Question: What CIA agent was killed during the attacks on the World Trade Center? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Hatton trying to do in the North Tower of the World Trade Center? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was sworn in as FBI Director a week after the attacks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a low priority for Mueller? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Mueller not try to protect? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1964, Paul VI created a Secretariat for non-Christians, later renamed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and a year later a new Secretariat (later Pontifical Council) for Dialogue with Non-Believers. This latter was in 1993 incorporated by Pope John Paul II in the Pontifical Council for Culture, which he had established in 1982. In 1971, Paul VI created a papal office for economic development and catastrophic assistance. To foster common bonds with all persons of good will, he decreed an annual peace day to be celebrated on January first of every year. Trying to improve the condition of Christians behind the Iron Curtain, Paul VI engaged in dialogue with Communist authorities at several levels, receiving Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Podgorny in 1966 and 1967 in the Vatican. The situation of the Church in Hungary, Poland and Romania, improved during his pontificate. Question: Who established the Pontifical Council for Culture? Answer: Pope John Paul II Question: What organization did Paul VI create to address non believers by the church? Answer: Secretariat for non-Christians Question: What was the Secretariat for non-believers eventually renamed? Answer: Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue Question: What Prime Minister did Paul VI attempt to interact with in order to help Catholics in Communist countries? Answer: Andrei Gromyko Question: What is celebrated by the Catholic church on January 1 of every year? Answer: peace day
Context: Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century. Question: Was the power of the 5 countries constant? Answer: relative power of these five nations fluctuated Question: What countries found their economic growth in early 20th century? Answer: United Kingdom and Prussia Question: Which of the 5 powers were beginning to stagnate in early 20th century? Answer: Russia and Austria-Hungary Question: What agreement replaced the Congress of Vienna? Answer: Eight-Nation Alliance Question: What conflict was this agreement in opposition of? Answer: Boxer Rebellion in China. Question: During the Risorgimento, what had changed since the Congress of Vienna? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were other states doing through the political power process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the US seeking to do after the Meiji Restoration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What nation alliance was formed to be against the Meiji Restoration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the balance of world power consist of after 1900? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Banking has traditionally been one of the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay: the country was once dubbed "the Switzerland of America", mainly for its banking sector and stability, although that stability has been threatened in the 21st century by the recent global economic climate. The largest bank in Uruguay is Banco Republica (BROU), based in Montevideo. Almost 20 private banks, most of them branches of international banks, operate in the country (Banco Santander, ABN AMRO, Citibank, Lloyds TSB, among others). There are also a myriad of brokers and financial-services bureaus, among them Ficus Capital, Galfin Sociedad de Bolsa, Europa Sociedad de Bolsa, Darío Cukier, GBU, Hordeñana & Asociados Sociedad de Bolsa, etc. Question: What has traditionally been the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay? Answer: Banking Question: Uruguay was once dubbed as what? Answer: the Switzerland of America Question: What is the largest bank in Uruguay? Answer: Banco Republica Question: Where is Banco Republica based in? Answer: Montevideo
Context: In the 1950s some British pubs would offer "a pie and a pint", with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the proprietor's wife during the lunchtime opening hours. The ploughman's lunch became popular in the late 1960s. In the late 1960s "chicken in a basket", a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin, in a wicker basket became popular due to its convenience. Question: During what decade did some British pubs provide "a pie and a pint"? Answer: 1950s Question: In what decade was the ploughman's lunch often consumed in pubs? Answer: 1960s Question: What decade saw the popularity of "chicken in a basket"? Answer: 1960s Question: What was "chicken in a basket" served in? Answer: a wicker basket Question: Along with chicken, what food was included in "chicken in a basket"? Answer: chips
Context: The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations. Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Paleolithic era. Question: What affects the climate in Europe? Answer: The altitude and size of the range Question: What type of animal lives inn the higher peaks? Answer: ibex Question: What plant grows in the rocky areas of the range? Answer: Edelweiss Question: Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes as far back to what era? Answer: Paleolithic era
Context: Carnival has been celebrated for centuries. The tradition was likely established under Venetian rule around the 16th century. It may have been influenced by Greek traditions, such as festivities for deities such as Dionysus. The celebration originally involved dressing in costumes and holding masked balls or visiting friends. In the twentieth century it became an organized event held during the 10 days preceding Lent (according to the Greek Orthodox calendar). The festival is celebrated almost exclusively in the city of Limassol. Question: How long has Carnival been celebrated? Answer: centuries Question: Under whose rule was Carnival established in the 16th century? Answer: Venetian Question: Dionysus was a deity in whose tradition? Answer: Greek Question: In what century did the Carnival become an organized event? Answer: twentieth Question: What city almost exclusively celebrates the Carnival? Answer: Limassol
Context: In a chapter of The Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, von Neumann deeply analyzed the so-called measurement problem. He concluded that the entire physical universe could be made subject to the universal wave function. Since something "outside the calculation" was needed to collapse the wave function, von Neumann concluded that the collapse was caused by the consciousness of the experimenter (although this view was accepted by Eugene Wigner, the Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation never gained acceptance amongst the majority of physicists). Question: What results came from von Neumann's deep analysis of the measurement problem? Answer: physical universe could be made subject to the universal wave function Question: What "outside of calculation" variable could initiate collapse in von Neumann's conclusion? Answer: consciousness of the experimenter Question: Were von Neumann's conclusions of collapse of entire universe cause accepted widely? Answer: Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation never gained acceptance amongst the majority of physicists
Context: Prayer plays a significant role among many believers. Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God. He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Prayer often also includes supplication and asking forgiveness. God is often believed to be forgiving. For example, a hadith states God would replace a sinless people with one who sinned but still asked repentance. Christian theologian Alister McGrath writes that there are good reasons to suggest that a "personal god" is integral to the Christian outlook, but that one has to understand it is an analogy. "To say that God is like a person is to affirm the divine ability and willingness to relate to others. This does not imply that God is human, or located at a specific point in the universe." Question: What is a muslims life purpose? Answer: to worship God Question: What aspect does Alister McGrath argue is important in Christianity? Answer: a "personal god" Question: What does prayer usually include in Islam? Answer: forgiveness Question: What type of God is the Muslim God? Answer: forgiving Question: What does Alister McGrath write about the existence of the muslim god? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of role does a personal god play with Alister McGrath? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the purpose of life for Christians? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of an intermediary in Islam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two things the worship of God includes? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England in 1990. The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money. The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position. Question: Why did Greg Dyke of London Weekend Television meet with representatives of the biggest five English football clubs in 1990? Answer: The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Question: Why did Dyke only want the larger clubs featured on national television? Answer: Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television Question: Did the five clubs think this was a good idea? Answer: The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it Question: Were talks held with the Football Association to see if they were okay with this plan? Answer: David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea Question: Who was the London Weekend Television's managing director? Answer: Greg Dyke Question: In which year did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs? Answer: 1990 Question: In which country did the managing director meet with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs? Answer: England Question: Which Arsenal representative held talks with the Football Association about getting their backing for the new league? Answer: David Dein Question: What did the Football Association want to do through building a relationship with the new league? Answer: weaken the Football League's position Question: Who is the managing director of The Football League? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did David Dein meet with the "big five" clubs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1990, who met with representatives from the big five Football Association? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Dyke believe about the smaller clubs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which clubs decided it wasn't a good idea? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun. He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an ageing readership. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were mostly selected for their availability rather than their ability. Question: What position did Larry Lamb take with the Sun? Answer: editor Question: What type of view did Lamb have of the Mirror? Answer: scathing Question: What did Lamb and Murdoch believe to be the best indicator of newspaper quality? Answer: its sales Question: What position did Lamb formerly hold at the Mirror? Answer: senior sub-editor Question: How many reporters did Lamb hire for the Mirror's initial staff? Answer: about 125
Context: On 1 April, Alexander addressed the Sénat conservateur. Long docile to Napoleon, under Talleyrand's prodding it had turned against him. Alexander told the Sénat that the Allies were fighting against Napoleon, not France, and they were prepared to offer honorable peace terms if Napoleon were removed from power. The next day, the Sénat passed the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur ("Emperor's Demise Act"), which declared Napoleon deposed. Napoleon had advanced as far as Fontainebleau when he learned that Paris was lost. When Napoleon proposed the army march on the capital, his senior officers and marshals mutinied. On 4 April, led by Ney, they confronted Napoleon. Napoleon asserted the army would follow him, and Ney replied the army would follow its generals. While the ordinary soldiers and regimental officers wanted to fight on, without any senior officers or marshals any prospective invasion of Paris would have been impossible. Bowing to the inevitable, on 4 April Napoleon abdicated in favour of his son, with Marie-Louise as regent. However, the Allies refused to accept this under prodding from Alexander, who feared that Napoleon might find an excuse to retake the throne. Napoleon was then forced to announce his unconditional abdication only two days later. Question: On what date did Alexander speak to the Sénat conservateur? Answer: 1 April Question: The Sénat conservateur became hostile to Napoleon due to whose efforts? Answer: Talleyrand's Question: What was the act passed by the Sénat conservateur that deposed Napoleon? Answer: the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur Question: Where had Napoleon advanced to when he received word that Paris was lost? Answer: Fontainebleau Question: What did Napoleon's senior officers and marshals do when he suggested they march on Paris? Answer: mutinied
Context: Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day Hungary (except the western part) and other Central European territories. He then laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but failed to take the city. In 1532, he made another attack on Vienna, but was repulsed in the Siege of Güns. Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire. In the east, the Ottoman Turks took Baghdad from the Persians in 1535, gaining control of Mesopotamia and naval access to the Persian Gulf. In 1555, the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans, a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). By this partitioning of the Caucasus as signed in the Peace of Amasya, Western Armenia, and Western Georgia fell into Ottoman hands, while Dagestan, Eastern Armenia, Eastern Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained Persian. Question: During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive? Answer: 1520–1566 Question: In what year did Suleiman the Magnificent capture Belgrade? Answer: 1521 Question: Suleiman the Magnificent had an important victory in what battle in 1526? Answer: Battle of Mohács Question: After a victorious battle in 1526 in what present-day nation was Turkish rule expanded to? Answer: Hungary Question: In what siege was Suleiman the Magnificent stopped when attacking Vienna in 1532? Answer: the Siege of Güns
Context: There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all. Question: What part of a dog can be straight, curly or cork-screwed? Answer: tails Question: What does a dog communicate with its tail? Answer: emotional state Question: What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed? Answer: tails
Context: Canadian bitumen does not differ substantially from oils such as Venezuelan extra-heavy and Mexican heavy oil in chemical composition, and the real difficulty is moving the extremely viscous bitumen through oil pipelines to the refinery. Many modern oil refineries are extremely sophisticated and can process non-upgraded bitumen directly into products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and refined asphalt without any preprocessing. This is particularly common in areas such as the US Gulf coast, where refineries were designed to process Venezuelan and Mexican oil, and in areas such as the US Midwest where refineries were rebuilt to process heavy oil as domestic light oil production declined. Given the choice, such heavy oil refineries usually prefer to buy bitumen rather than synthetic oil because the cost is lower, and in some cases because they prefer to produce more diesel fuel and less gasoline. By 2015 Canadian production and exports of non-upgraded bitumen exceeded that of synthetic crude oil at over 1.3 million barrels (210×10^3 m3) per day, of which about 65% was exported to the United States. Question: What property of bitumen makes it difficult to move through pipelines? Answer: extremely viscous Question: What industry is capable of refining bitumen directly into gasoline without preprocessing? Answer: modern oil refineries Question: Why do refineries like to buy bitumen instead of synthetic oil? Answer: cost is lower Question: How much Canadian bitumen was exported to the US by 2015? Answer: 65% Question: What type of oils does Canadian bitumen differ substantially from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Other than Mexican extra-heavy oil, what type of oil does Canadian bitumen not differ greatly from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Other than Venezuelan-light oil, what type of oil does Canadian bitumen not differ greatly from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of oils does American bitumen not differ substantially from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what areas is this uncommon? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As an academic field, history of science began with the publication of William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (first published in 1837). A more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and the Isis journal (founded in 1912). Sarton exemplified the early 20th-century view of the history of science as the history of great men and great ideas. He shared with many of his contemporaries a Whiggish belief in history as a record of the advances and delays in the march of progress. The history of science was not a recognized subfield of American history in this period, and most of the work was carried out by interested scientists and physicians rather than professional historians. With the work of I. Bernard Cohen at Harvard, the history of science became an established subdiscipline of history after 1945. Question: What text is the foundation of the study of the history of science? Answer: History of the Inductive Sciences Question: Who wrote a more professional version of History of the Inductive Sciences? Answer: George Sarton's Question: What was the history of science during the 20th century? Answer: the history of great men and great ideas Question: How could Sarton's ideas be described? Answer: Whiggish Question: Who studied the history of science? Answer: interested scientists and physicians
Context: The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers originate from a lake (Tib: Tso Mapham) in Western Tibet, near Mount Kailash. The mountain is a holy pilgrimage site for both Hindus and Tibetans. The Hindus consider the mountain to be the abode of Lord Shiva. The Tibetan name for Mt. Kailash is Khang Rinpoche. Tibet has numerous high-altitude lakes referred to in Tibetan as tso or co. These include Qinghai Lake, Lake Manasarovar, Namtso, Pangong Tso, Yamdrok Lake, Siling Co, Lhamo La-tso, Lumajangdong Co, Lake Puma Yumco, Lake Paiku, Lake Rakshastal, Dagze Co and Dong Co. The Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor) is the largest lake in the People's Republic of China. Question: Which mountain is a holy pilgrimage for both Hindus and Tibetans? Answer: Mount Kailash Question: Who do Hindus believe lives in Mount Kailash? Answer: Lord Shiva Question: What is the Tibetan name for Mount Kailash? Answer: Khang Rinpoche Question: Which lake is the largest in China? Answer: Qinghai Lake Question: What mountain is a holy site for Hindus and Indus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do the Tibetans consider Mount Kailash to be the abode of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Hindu name for Mt. Kailash? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the Hindu words for high-altitude lakes? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Between the third and fourth sessions the pope announced reforms in the areas of Roman Curia, revision of Canon Law, regulations for mixed marriages involving several faiths, and birth control issues. He opened the final session of the council, concelebrating with bishops from countries where the Church was persecuted. Several texts proposed for his approval had to be changed. But all texts were finally agreed upon. The Council was concluded on 8 December 1965, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. Question: What did Paul VI enact between the third and fourth ecumenical sessions? Answer: reforms Question: What does the Catholic church considered "mixed" in a "mixed marriage"? Answer: faiths Question: What is celebrated in the Catholic calendar the 8 of December? Answer: the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. Question: In what year was Paul Vi's final counsel session? Answer: 1965 Question: With whom did Paul VI celebrate surviving persecution in other countries? Answer: bishops
Context: The Samoan islands have been produced by vulcanism, the source of which is the Samoa hotspot which is probably the result of a mantle plume. While all of the islands have volcanic origins, only Savai'i, the western most island in Samoa, is volcanically active with the most recent eruptions in Mt Matavanu (1905–1911), Mata o le Afi (1902) and Mauga Afi (1725). The highest point in Samoa is Mt Silisili, at 1858 m (6,096 ft). The Saleaula lava fields situated on the central north coast of Savai'i are the result of the Mt Matavanu eruptions which left 50 km² (20 sq mi) of solidified lava. Question: What natural process formed the land masses that would become the Samoan islands? Answer: vulcanism Question: Which of the Samoan islands has active volcanoes? Answer: Savai'i Question: What's the name of the highest peak in Samoa? Answer: Mt Silisili, Question: How many meters is 6,096 feet? Answer: 1858 Question: What volcano created the Saleaula lava fields? Answer: Mt Matavanu Question: What is the source of solidified lava on Mata o le Afi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is different about Mauga Afi compared to the other islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the highest point in Mauga Afi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was a mantle plume discovered near Magua Alfi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Mata o le Afi probably the result of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto themselves". In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar puts it: "more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself." Question: Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what? Answer: counts Question: The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what? Answer: life Question: The rules are a perfect springboard for what? Answer: higher attainments Question: Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what? Answer: islands unto themselves
Context: In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it lacked S-Video and RGB output, and it was among the last major SNES-related releases in the region. A similarly redesigned Super Famicom Jr. was released in Japan at around the same time. Question: How much did the SNS-101 cost in the US? Answer: US$99 Question: What game was bundled with the SNS-101? Answer: Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island Question: What features were removed in the SNS-101? Answer: S-Video and RGB output Question: What redesigned console was released in Japan at the time of the SNS-101? Answer: Super Famicom Jr. Question: When was the SNS-101 released in the US? Answer: October 1997 Question: How much did the Super Famicom Jr. cost in North America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was missing from the Super Famicom Jr.? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the NES-101 model include? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the NES-101 released in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many new releases were offered for the Super Famicom Jr.? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1578 king Stefan Batory created the Crown Tribunal in order to reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court. This placed much of the monarch's juridical power in the hands of the elected szlachta deputies, further strengthening the nobility class. In 1581 the Crown Tribunal was joined by a counterpart in Lithuania, the Lithuanian Tribunal. Question: The crown tribunal was created when? Answer: 1578 Question: Who created the crown tribunal? Answer: king Stefan Batory Question: What was the crown tribunal supposed to do? Answer: reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court Question: Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal? Answer: the nobility class Question: WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually? Answer: Lithuanian Tribunal
Context: Genome composition is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome, which should include genome size, proportions of non-repetitive DNA and repetitive DNA in details. By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome. Question: What is the term that accounts for the constituents of the haploid genome? Answer: Genome composition Question: What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about? Answer: evolutionary history Question: What is the history of a genome used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should be included in the history of a genome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can scientists learn by comparing repetitive DNA and genome size? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is used to describe the history of DNA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By comparing repetitive DNA, what can scientists understand the history of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples. Question: Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'? Answer: Nigeria Question: How many people live in Nigeria? Answer: 182 million Question: How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world? Answer: seventh Question: How many languages are spoken by Nigerians? Answer: over 500 Question: What is Nigeria's official language? Answer: English
Context: On November 2, 2014, the Cubs announced that Joe Maddon had signed a five-year contract to be the 54th manager in team history. On December 10, 2014, Maddon announced that the team had signed free agent Jon Lester to a 6-year, $155 million contract. Many other trades and acquisitions occurred during the off season. The opening day lineup for the Cubs contained five new players including rookie right fielder Jorge Soler. Rookies Kris Bryant and Addison Russell were in the starting lineup by mid-April, and rookie Kyle Schwarber was added in mid-June. The Cubs finished the 2015 season with a record of 97–65, third best in the majors. On October 7, in the 2015 National League Wild Card Game, Jake Arrieta pitched a complete game shutout and the Cubs defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates 4–0. Question: When did the Cubs announce that Joe Maddon had signed a five-year contract to be the 54th manager? Answer: November 2, 2014 Question: Who did the team sign on December 10, 2014 as a free agent? Answer: Jon Lester Question: How much was Jon Lester's contract worth? Answer: $155 million Question: What was the record the Cubs finished with during the 2015 season? Answer: 97–65
Context: By knowing the underlying concepts of how the software works, the tester makes better-informed testing choices while testing the software from outside. Typically, a grey-box tester will be permitted to set up an isolated testing environment with activities such as seeding a database. The tester can observe the state of the product being tested after performing certain actions such as executing SQL statements against the database and then executing queries to ensure that the expected changes have been reflected. Grey-box testing implements intelligent test scenarios, based on limited information. This will particularly apply to data type handling, exception handling, and so on. Question: What dopes a typical grey-box tester sets up? Answer: an isolated testing environment Question: What does the tester execute while performing certain actions? Answer: SQL statements Question: What does a grey-box tester implement when they have limited information? Answer: intelligent test scenarios Question: Knowing the overlying concepts of how software works helps testers how? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A black-box tester will usually be able to set up what type of testing environment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the tester execute while preforming certain queries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Based on lengthy information, what does grey-box testing implement? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located. Question: When was Houston founded? Answer: 1836 Question: Where is Allen's Landing? Answer: Buffalo Bayou Question: When was the City of Houston incorporated? Answer: June 5, 1837 Question: For whom was Houston named? Answer: Sam Houston Question: For what battle was Sam Houston known as commander? Answer: Battle of San Jacinto Question: Where is Fallan's Landing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What used to be known as Allan's Landing Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1837? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the City of Houston unincorporated? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge of the specific causative agent. Conclusions about the cause of the disease are based upon the likelihood that a patient came in contact with a particular agent, the presence of a microbe in a community, and other epidemiological considerations. Given sufficient effort, all known infectious agents can be specifically identified. The benefits of identification, however, are often greatly outweighed by the cost, as often there is no specific treatment, the cause is obvious, or the outcome of an infection is benign. Question: What does diagnosis of an infectious sometimes involve identifying? Answer: an infectious agent either directly or indirectly Question: Many minor infectious diseases are diagnosed by what type of presentation? Answer: clinical Question: How are minor infectious diseases treated? Answer: without knowledge of the specific causative agent Question: What can be identified given sufficient effort? Answer: all known infectious agents Question: Why is it often not worth bothering to identify an infectious agent? Answer: greatly outweighed by the cost Question: What does diagnosis of an infectious always involve ignoring? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are many minor infectious diseases diagnosed illegally? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are all infectious diseases treated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be identified given no effort? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is it always worth it to identify an infectious agent? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Meanwhile, Begin's government provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank, increasing friction with the Palestinians in that area. The Basic Law: Jerusalem, the Capital of Israel, passed in 1980, was believed by some to reaffirm Israel's 1967 annexation of Jerusalem by government decree, and reignited international controversy over the status of the city. No Israeli legislation has defined the territory of Israel and no act specifically included East Jerusalem therein. The position of the majority of UN member states is reflected in numerous resolutions declaring that actions taken by Israel to settle its citizens in the West Bank, and impose its laws and administration on East Jerusalem, are illegal and have no validity. In 1981 Israel annexed the Golan Heights, although annexation was not recognized internationally. Question: When did Israel annex the Golan Heights? Answer: 1981 Question: What is the Capital of Israel? Answer: Jerusalem Question: Who provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank? Answer: Begin's government
Context: Air quality in Boston is generally very good: during the ten-year period 2004–2013, there were only 4 days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA. Question: How is the air quality in Boston? Answer: generally very good Question: How many days between 2004 and 2013 was the air unhealthy? Answer: 4 days Question: Who determined that the air quality was unhealthy on those 4 days? Answer: the EPA
Context: A wrestler can win by knockout (sometimes referred to as a referee stoppage) if they do not resort to submission holds, but stills pummels their opponent to the point that they are unconscious or are unable to intelligently defend themselves. To check for a knockout in this manner, a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face; if the wrestler does not react in any way, the referee will award the victory to the other wrestler. If all the active wrestlers in a match are down inside the ring at the same time, the referee will begin a count (usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan). If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Any participant who stands up in time will end the count for everyone else. In a Last Man Standing match, this form of a knockout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee will count when one or more wrestlers are down, and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count doesn't stop the count for another wrestler who is still down. Question: How does a referee check for a knockout? Answer: a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face Question: What happens if all wrestlers are down? Answer: If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Question: If all wrestlers are down, how long do they have to rise? Answer: usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan Question: What kind of match has to end in a knockout? Answer: Last Man Standing Question: What is another name for a knockout? Answer: referee stoppage
Context: Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves. In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age. This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970. With these two stipulations, the Pope filled several positions with younger bishops and cardinals, and further internationalized the Roman Curia in light of several resignations due to age. Question: At what age were cardinals restricted by Paul Vi from participating in conclaves? Answer: eighty Question: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI? Answer: 75 Question: At what age were cardinals subsequently required to retire in an edict issued in 1970? Answer: 75 Question: What did Paul VI over hall with age and retirement restrictions? Answer: papal elections Question: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued? Answer: 1966
Context: The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority. Question: What airport provides service to the City to Charleston? Answer: Charleston International Airport Question: The Charleston International Airport is located in what city? Answer: North Charleston Question: How far is the airport from downtown Charleston? Answer: 12 miles (20 km) Question: Charleston Executive Airport is located where? Answer: the John's Island section of the city of Charleston Question: What military base is located near the airport? Answer: Charleston Air Force Base Question: What airport provides no service to the City to Charleston? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Charleston International Airport isn't located in what city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How far is the airport from uptown Charleston? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Charleston Executive Airport isn't located where? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What military base is located nowhere near the airport? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon. Question: What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs? Answer: furniture Question: What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with? Answer: wooden spoon Question: Which parts of tools are sometimes made out of wood? Answer: handles Question: What pieces of furniture that most people use every night can be made out of wood? Answer: beds Question: What special wooden utensils do many people use to eat Chinese takeout? Answer: chopsticks
Context: Although the advance in the Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the Battle of Imphal, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In the middle of 1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded northern Burma from Yunnan province. They captured a fortified position at Mount Song. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon rains, the NCAC had secured a vital airfield at Myitkyina (August 1944), which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over "The Hump". Question: What battle was the advance in the Arakan halted to release troops for? Answer: Battle of Imphal Question: Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma? Answer: Chindits Question: When did the Chinese invade northern Burma? Answer: middle of 1944 Question: What fortified position was captured by the Chinese Expeditionary Force? Answer: Mount Song Question: What airfield was taken by the NCAC in August, 1944? Answer: Myitkyina
Context: The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 2006. These were grouped in 1,229 genera, 153 families and 29 orders. In 2008 the IUCN completed a five-year, 1,700-scientist Global Mammal Assessment for its IUCN Red List, which counted 5,488 accepted species. Question: Who coined the name "mammal" from the scientific name Mammalia? Answer: Carl Linnaeus Question: What do all female mammals have in common when they have children? Answer: nurse their young with milk Question: How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006? Answer: 5,416 Question: How many families did mammals consist of as of 2006? Answer: 153 families Question: What term did IUCN coin in 1758? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1758 how many mammal species were known? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was completed by Carl Linnaeus in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was the IUCN Red List grouped? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many accepted species are there according to Carl Linnaeus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While Brazil was fighting the US through the WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism against a heavily subsidized cotton industry, a group of four least-developed African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali – also known as "Cotton-4" have been the leading protagonist for the reduction of US cotton subsidies through negotiations. The four introduced a "Sectoral Initiative in Favour of Cotton", presented by Burkina Faso's President Blaise Compaoré during the Trade Negotiations Committee on 10 June 2003. Question: What was Brazil's argument against the US cotton industry? Answer: heavily subsidized Question: What are the African countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali referred to as in the cotton industry? Answer: Cotton-4 Question: What has the Cotton-4 been in regards to the US cotton subsidies? Answer: leading protagonist Question: What could the US do that would please the foreign cotton industry concerning cotton subsidies? Answer: reduction Question: What organization has Brazil tried to use to curb US cotton subsidies? Answer: WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism Question: What was Brazil's argument against Chad's cotton industry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the Cotton-4 been in regards to the cotton industry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What could the US do that would please the WTO concerning cotton subsidies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organization has the US tried to use to curb Brazilian subsidies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were cotton subsidies introduced? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Alps are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain. Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere causes the temperature to decrease (see adiabatic lapse rate). The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry warm air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, where it expands in volume at the cost of a proportionate loss of temperature, often accompanied by precipitation in the form of snow or rain. The height of the Alps is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and a dry south because moisture is sucked from the air as it flows over the high peaks. Question: What are a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher-elevation terrain? Answer: The Alps Question: Elevations around the world that have a cold climate similar to that of the polar region have been called what? Answer: Alpine Question: What causes the temperature to decrease? Answer: A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere Question: What is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and dry south? Answer: The height of the Alps
Context: Droney's health was poor and Kerry had decided to run for his position in the 1978 election should Droney drop out. However, Droney was re-elected and his health improved; he went on to re-assume many of the duties that he had delegated to Kerry. Kerry thus decided to leave, departing in 1979 with assistant DA Roanne Sragow to set up their own law firm. Kerry also worked as a commentator for WCVB-TV and co-founded a bakery, Kilvert & Forbes Ltd., with businessman and former Kennedy aide K. Dun Gifford. Question: When did Kerry consider running for president if Droney didn't? Answer: 1978 Question: When did Kerry leave the DA's office? Answer: 1979 Question: Who left the DA's office with Kerry? Answer: Roanne Sragow Question: What bakery did Kerry co-found? Answer: Kilvert & Forbes Ltd. Question: Who did Kerry start a bakery with? Answer: K. Dun Gifford
Context: The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned GNSS systems are deployed, the users will benefit from the use of a total constellation of 75+ satellites, which will significantly improve all the aspects of positioning, especially availability of the signals in so-called urban canyons. The general designer of the COMPASS navigation system is Sun Jiadong, who is also the general designer of its predecessor, the original BeiDou navigation system. Question: What are the ranging signals of the BeiDou system based on? Answer: the CDMA principle Question: What positioning levels will the BeiDou system offer? Answer: open and restricted (military) Question: Where will the public service for the BeiDou system be available? Answer: globally to general users Question: Who designed the COMPASS navigation system? Answer: Sun Jiadong Question: How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use? Answer: 75+ satellites Question: Which signals are based on the ABCD principle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The ranging signals have a simple structure and are based on which principle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The ranging signals, based on the Galileo principle, have what type of structure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who designed the COMPASS international trade system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which system is the predecessor of the GNSS system? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The success of American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history". The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be "the most impactful show in the history of television". It has become a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars. According to Billboard magazine, in its first ten years, "Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols, including Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Ruben Studdard, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut." Question: How many Billboard hits did American Idol produce in its first ten years? Answer: 345 Question: Who called American Idol "the most impactful show in the history of television"? Answer: a rival TV executive Question: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol? Answer: Fantasia Question: How many Billboard chart toppers did American Idol contestants have within the first ten seasons? Answer: 345 Question: Who said that American Idol is "the most impactful show in the history of televsion? Answer: a rival TV executive

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