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Context: In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnation." The demonstrations coincided with a visit to Ukraine by Soviet President Gorbachev. On February 26, 1989, between 20,000 and 30,000 people participated in an unsanctioned ecumenical memorial service in Lviv, marking the anniversary of the death of 19th Century Ukrainian artist and nationalist Taras Shevchenko.
Question: What were people protesting in Kiev during the last part of February?
Answer: election laws
Question: Who did the protesters want to resign?
Answer: Volodymyr Scherbytsky
Question: What was Scherbytsky's nickname?
Answer: the mastodon of stagnation
Question: Who visited the Ukraine while the protests were taking place?
Answer: Gorbachev
Question: How many people attended the service in Lviv?
Answer: between 20,000 and 30,000 |
Context: In South Africa, a "two apex" system existed from 1994 to 2013. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) was created in 1994 and replaced the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa as the highest court of appeal in non-constitutional matters. The SCA is subordinate to the Constitutional Court, which is the highest court in matters involving the interpretation and application of the Constitution. But in August 2013 the Constitution was amended to make the Constitutional Court the country's single apex court, superior to the SCA in all matters, both constitutional and non-constitutional.
Question: South Africa used what type of system to determine it's high courts until 2013?
Answer: "two apex"
Question: When was the Supreme Court of Appeal created?
Answer: 1994
Question: What court in South Africa has authority over the SCA?
Answer: the Constitutional Court
Question: When did the Constitutional Court become the highest court in South Africa in all matters?
Answer: August 2013
Question: What existed from 1993 to 2014?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was created in 2013 to replace the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was amended in August 1994?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Constitutional Court subordinate to?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament. Then, the presiding officer makes a formal, but simple statement to the house, acquainting each house that royal assent has been granted to the acts mentioned. Thus, unlike the granting of royal assent by the monarch in person or by Royal Commissioners, the method created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 does not require both houses to meet jointly for the purpose of receiving the notice of royal assent. The standard text of the letters patent is set out in The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992, with minor amendments in 2000. In practice this remains the standard method, a fact that is belied by the wording of the letters patent for the appointment of the Royal Commissioners and by the wording of the letters patent for the granting of royal assent in writing under the 1967 Act ("... And forasmuch as We cannot at this time be present in the Higher House of Our said Parliament being the accustomed place for giving Our Royal Assent...").
Question: What is unique about the method used for assention allowed by the Royal Assent Act 1967?
Answer: does not require both houses to meet jointly
Question: How is assent granted under the Royal Assent Act 1967?
Answer: by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament
Question: Which document formats the letters patent?
Answer: The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992
Question: In which year were minor amendments made to the Crown Office Order?
Answer: 2000
Question: In the Royal Assent Act 1968, royal assent can be granted how?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The presiding officer makes an informal statement to whom?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which method requires both houses to meet jointly?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which act allows the sovereign to grant assent verbally?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.
Question: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?
Answer: late 18th century
Question: What transliteration system is most common today?
Answer: IAST
Question: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?
Answer: since 1888
Question: What is used in transliteration for computer systems?
Answer: ASCII
Question: What transliteration scheme is often used on the internet?
Answer: ITRANS
Question: What Greek alphabet has been transliterated since the 18th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What system was commonly used in the 18th century to transliterate Sanskrit?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What academic standard had been used before 1888?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What software can only be used on Unicode-aware web browsers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What system of transliteration is not commonly used on the internet or e-mail?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: "I did not doubt that a Franco-German war must take place before the construction of a United Germany could be realised." Bismarck also knew that France should be the aggressor in the conflict to bring the southern German states to side with Prussia, hence giving Germans numerical superiority. Many Germans also viewed the French as the traditional destabilizer of Europe, and sought to weaken France to prevent further breaches of the peace.
Question: In which country was a war against France condsidered desirable?
Answer: Prussia
Question: What was the overarching Prussian motive in starting a war with France?
Answer: unification of a great German empire
Question: Who had no doubts that a Franco-German war was totally necessary?
Answer: Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
Question: Who did Bismarck feel needed to be viewed as the aggressor in the conflict?
Answer: France
Question: In bringing the southern German states to align with Prussia, what tactical outcome was achieved?
Answer: Germans numerical superiority |
Context: Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a particular region or regions. In Spain, the Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians, spearheaded a historic movement to have their national specificity recognized, crystallizing in the "historical communities" such as Navarre, Galicia, Catalonia, and the Basque Country. They have more powers than the later expanded arrangement for other Spanish regions, or the Spain of the autonomous communities (called also the "coffee for everyone" arrangement), partly to deal with their separate identity and to appease peripheral nationalist leanings, partly out of respect to specific rights they had held earlier in history. However, strictly speaking Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.
Question: What does every component state of federation possess?
Answer: the same powers
Question: Asymmetric federalism exist when?
Answer: where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do
Question: What cities in Spain are in the historic movement?
Answer: Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians
Question: Is Spain apart of federalism?
Answer: Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.
Question: What does no components state of federation possess?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does every component state of federation not possess?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Symmetric federalism exist when?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why is Spain a part of federalism?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Physical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.
Question: Does excersice have any role on cognitive brain function?
Answer: has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain.
Question: What positive things can happen to your brain when you excersise?
Answer: increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus
Question: Is a child who excercies likely to perform better in school?
Answer: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance
Question: What type of excercise has shown the best benefit for the brain?
Answer: aerobic exercises
Question: What has many cognitive drawbacks and effects on the brain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of nonaerobic exercises have benefits on the brain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What negative things can happen to your brain when you excersise?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The effects of exercise on memory do not have important implications for what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What causes decreased oxygen and nutrient delivery?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory. Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of friendship between the two powers. Nevertheless, while most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians. Austria lost over three million subjects, about one-fifth of her total population, as a result of these territorial changes. Although fighting in Iberia continued, the War of the Fifth Coalition would be the last major conflict on the European continent for the next three years.
Question: When was the Treaty of Schönbrunn signed?
Answer: October 1809
Question: The goal of Metternich and Archduke Charles regarding the Treaty of Schönbrunn was to attempt the preservation of what?
Answer: the Habsburg Empire
Question: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, what territory was given to the Poles?
Answer: Galicia
Question: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, who received the Salzburg area of the Tyrol?
Answer: the Bavarians
Question: Approximately how many subjects did Austria lose as the result of the changes brought about by the Treaty of Schönbrunn?
Answer: three million |
Context: Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the creators of flying machines that are generally called vimanas. The "Brihat-Samhita" of the mathematician Varahamihira says: "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others....." .
Question: What does "sarvajnaa yavanaa" mean?
Answer: the all-knowing Yavanas
Question: Who said "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so."?
Answer: The Mahabharata
Question: Who wrote the Brihat-Samhita?
Answer: Varahamihira
Question: Who said "The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy."
Answer: The Mahabharata
Question: Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...."
Answer: Varahamihira |
Context: Differences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denominations and not others. While the Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on August 28, if they follow the Julian calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Theotokos, one of their 12 Great Feasts. Protestants do not celebrate this, or any other Marian feasts.
Question: On what date does the Catholic Church celebrate the Feast of the Assumption?
Answer: August 15
Question: What do Eastern Catholics call the Feast of the Assumption?
Answer: Dormition of the Theotokos
Question: On what date of the Julian calendar do Eastern Catholics celebrate the Domition of the Theotokos?
Answer: August 28
Question: How many Great Feasts does the Eastern Orthodox Church celebrate?
Answer: 12
Question: Do Protestants celebrate Marian feasts or not?
Answer: do not
Question: What is the name of the first Feast attended by Mary?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Mary attend the Feast of Assumption?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Mary attend the Dormition of the Theotokos?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When Mary finished attending all of the Feasts, what were the Feasts referred to as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Mary not get to go to Feast with?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections. One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it and the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal. However, immediately following the elections, the government ended the house arrest of the democracy advocate and leader of the National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, and her ability to move freely around the country is considered an important test of the military's movement toward more openness. After unexpected reforms in 2011, NLD senior leaders have decided to register as a political party and to field candidates in future by-elections.
Question: What was the name of the winning unit in the 2010 elections in Burma ?
Answer: The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party
Question: Were the elections held in an unbiased manner Burma in 2010 ?
Answer: Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections.
Question: What were some of the opinions foreign advisers stated about the Burma 2010 elections ?
Answer: One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it
Question: What was the Burmese official decision concerning the legitimacy of National League for Democracy in 2010 ?
Answer: the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal |
Context: Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channel or 2×16 bit), or sometimes the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP parameters (48 kHz, 2×16 bit). Compression ratios with this latter reference are higher, which demonstrates the problem with use of the term compression ratio for lossy encoders.
Question: What defines the compression efficiency of encoders?
Answer: bit rate
Question: Compression ratio depends on the sample rate and bit depth of which signal?
Answer: input
Question: What does CD stand for?
Answer: Compact Disc
Question: What can CD parameters be used as references for?
Answer: compression ratios
Question: Other than CD parameters, what else can be used as parameter references?
Answer: Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP |
Context: Since regaining independence, Estonia has pursued a foreign policy of close co-operation with its Western European partners. The two most important policy objectives in this regard have been accession into NATO and the European Union, achieved in March and May 2004 respectively. Estonia's international realignment toward the West has been accompanied by a general deterioration in relations with Russia, most recently demonstrated by the protest triggered by the controversial relocation of the Bronze Soldier World War II memorial in Tallinn.
Question: What type of foreign policy has Estonia sought after getting their independence?
Answer: close co-operation
Question: What were the most important foreign policy priorities?
Answer: accession into NATO and the European Union
Question: What trend has accompanied Estonia's cooperation with Western powers?
Answer: deterioration in relations with Russia |
Context: People are usually well informed about their health status, the positive and negative effects of their behaviour on their health and their use of health care services. Yet their perceptions of their health can differ from what administrative and examination-based data show about levels of illness within populations. Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services. Only one third of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal (Kasmel et al., 2004). This is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting and reflects the relatively adverse situation of the country in terms of mortality and selected morbidity.
Question: What survey results complement on data on health status?
Answer: self-reporting at the household level
Question: What number of Portuguese adults rated their health as good or very good?
Answer: one third |
Context: Later, during the Koine Greek period, the aspirated and voiceless stops /tʰ d/ of Attic Greek lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives, yielding /θ ð/ in Medieval and Modern Greek.
Question: Attic Greek lenited to what?
Answer: voiceless and voiced fricatives
Question: The lenited Attic Greek yielded /θ ð/ in what periods?
Answer: Medieval and Modern Greek
Question: Arctic Greek yielded what other versions of the Greek language?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During what period did unaspirated and voiceless stops lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What represents unaspirated and voiceless stops?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Arctic Greek lenited to what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: 2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept of "Dirty Dutch", electro house subgenre characterized by very abrasive leads and darker arpeggios, with prominent DJs Chuckie, Hardwell, Laidback Luke, Afrojack, R3hab, Bingo Players, Quintino, Alvaro, Cedric Gervais, 2G, etc. Elsewhere, fusion genres derivative of 2000s progressive house returned to prominence, especially with the help of DJs Calvin Harris, Eric Prydz, Mat Zo, Above & Beyond and Fonzerelli in Europe, Deadmau5, Kaskade, Steve Aoki, Porter Robinson and Wolfgang Gartner in the US and Canada. The growing popularity of such artists led to the emergence of electro house and progressive house blended sounds in popular music, such as singles Lady Gaga's "Marry the Night", The Black Eyed Peas' "The Best One Yet (The Boy)" and the will.i.am and Britney Spears "Scream & Shout". Big room house found increasing popularity since 2010, particularly through international dance music festivals such as Tomorrowland, Ultra Music Festival, and Electric Daisy Carnival.
Question: What was different about swedish progressive house music?
Answer: snare-less
Question: Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio?
Answer: Swedish House Mafia
Question: What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?
Answer: Dirty Dutch
Question: Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song "Marry the Night" by what popular artist?
Answer: Lady Gaga
Question: Big room house has found increasing popularity since what year?
Answer: 2010
Question: What was different about US progressive house music?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Sebastian Ingrosso, Aswell, and Steve Spears formed what successful trio?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker houses?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song "Swedish House" by what popular artist?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Big room house has found increasing arpeggios since what year?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In an interview with Talk magazine in late 1999, Schwarzenegger was asked if he thought of running for office. He replied, "I think about it many times. The possibility is there, because I feel it inside." The Hollywood Reporter claimed shortly after that Schwarzenegger sought to end speculation that he might run for governor of California. Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger said, "I'm in show business – I am in the middle of my career. Why would I go away from that and jump into something else?"
Question: What year did Schwarzenegger's interview with Talk magazine take place?
Answer: 1999
Question: Which media source said Schwarzenegger was trying to deal with rumors that he might run for governor of California?
Answer: The Hollywood Reporter |
Context: Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated by finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal for fastening leather. Wool cloth and linen might have become available during the later Neolithic, as suggested by finds of perforated stones which (depending on size) may have served as spindle whorls or loom weights. The clothing worn in the Neolithic Age might be similar to that worn by Ötzi the Iceman, although he was not Neolithic (since he belonged to the later Copper age).
Question: What did early humans use to make clothing?
Answer: animal skins
Question: What evidence suggested that humans used animal products for clothing?
Answer: finds of large numbers of bone and antler pins
Question: What were perforated stones used for?
Answer: spindle whorls or loom weights
Question: What famous figure of the Copper Age wore clothes similar to the Neolithic Era?
Answer: Ötzi the Iceman
Question: What did early humans use to make bones?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What evidence suggested that humans used copperl products for clothing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were perforated antlers used for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What famous figure of the Copper Age wore clothes similar to the Copper age?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What might have become available during the Copper age?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in testing. More significantly, non-functional dimensions of quality (how it is supposed to be versus what it is supposed to do)—usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability—can be highly subjective; something that constitutes sufficient value to one person may be intolerable to another.
Question: What is the primary issue with running software testing?
Answer: testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible
Question: What types of software bugs are difficult to find during testing?
Answer: defects that occur infrequently
Question: What other non-functional dimensions can cause software to underperform and cause other problems?
Answer: usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability
Question: What is the secondary problem with running software testing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Defects that occur frequently are how easy to find?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are examples of functional dimensions of quality?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the issue with the functional dimensions of quality?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deep-water port were accelerated. The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel. By 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800, almost doubling from a decade before. African-Americans formed a large part of the city's population, numbering 23,929 people, or nearly one-third of the residents.
Question: What event caused an increase in effort to promote the Houston port?
Answer: hurricane
Question: Where was oil found that promoted the development of the oil industry in Houston?
Answer: Spindletop
Question: Near what Texas city is the Spindletop oil field located?
Answer: Beaumont
Question: Who approved the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?
Answer: President Theodore Roosevelt
Question: In what year did Houston's population reach 78,000?
Answer: 1910
Question: What event caused an decrease in effort to promote the Houston port?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was oil found that promoted the development of the cotton industry in Houston?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Near what Oklahoma city is the Spindletop oil field located?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who rejected the improvement project for the Houston ship channel?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Houston's population reach 98,000?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder.
Question: What was the name of the Los Angeles-based team added in 2013?
Answer: Kiss
Question: Along with Paul Stanley, who owned the Los Angeles Kiss?
Answer: Gene Simmons
Question: Other than the Los Angeles Kiss, what expansion team entered in the league in 2013?
Answer: Portland Thunder
Question: Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group?
Answer: Kiss |
Context: Companies with limited resources may choose to engage in only a few of these activities, while larger organizations may employ a full spectrum of communications. Since it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills, communications professionals often specialize in one or two of these areas but usually have at least a working knowledge of most of them. By far, the most important qualifications communications professionals can possess are excellent writing ability, good 'people' skills, and the capacity to think critically and strategically.
Question: Why do communications professionals typically specialize in only one or two areas of communication?
Answer: it is difficult to develop such a broad range of skills
Question: What is one of the most important qualifications for a communications professional to have?
Answer: excellent writing ability
Question: What kind of companies may engage in only a few types of communications?
Answer: Companies with limited resources
Question: Good people skills is a qualification that is important to what profession?
Answer: communications
Question: It is not necessary to have critical and strategical thinking abilities to do what job?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: All companies or organizations employ a full spectrum of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: One of the least important qualifications to be a communications professional is what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is always able to master a broad range of skills?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Besides excellent writing abilities and good 'people' skills, all company employees should have what other skill?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Franco-Austrian War in Italy, and in the Franco-Mexican War. However, following the "Seven Weeks War" between Prussia and Austria four years earlier, it had been calculated that the French Army could field only 288,000 men to face the Prussian Army when perhaps 1,000,000 would be required. Under Marshal Adolphe Niel, urgent reforms were made. Universal conscription (rather than by ballot, as previously) and a shorter period of service gave increased numbers of reservists, who would swell the army to a planned strength of 800,000 on mobilisation. Those who for any reason were not conscripted were to be enrolled in the Garde Mobile, a militia with a nominal strength of 400,000. However, the Franco-Prussian War broke out before these reforms could be completely implemented. The mobilisation of reservists was chaotic and resulted in large numbers of stragglers, while the Garde Mobile were generally untrained and often mutinous.
Question: In peacetime, what the approximate number of French soldiers?
Answer: 400,000
Question: Veterans of the French Army had prviously fought in which war in Italy?
Answer: the Franco-Austrian War
Question: The "Seven Weeks War" was between which two countries?
Answer: Prussia and Austria
Question: Who reformed the low numbers of troops by implementing universal conscription?
Answer: Marshal Adolphe Niel
Question: If a citizen was for some reason not conscripted, in what militia were they were registered?
Answer: the Garde Mobile |
Context: IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Offering" is to cut costs of managing whether to use Linux or Apple relative to Windows. There will be no necessity for companies to pay Microsoft for its licenses for operating systems since the operating systems will no longer rely on software which is Windows-based. One alternative to Microsoft's office document formats is the Open Document Format software, whose development IBM supports. It is going to be used for several tasks like: word processing, presentations, along with collaboration with Lotus Notes, instant messaging and blog tools as well as an Internet Explorer competitor – the Mozilla Firefox web browser. IBM plans to install Open Client on 5% of its desktop PCs. The Linux offering has been made available as the IBM Client for Smart Work product on the Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux platforms.
Question: What will Open Client Offering run on?
Answer: Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X
Question: What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft?
Answer: Open Document Format software
Question: What percentage of its desktop PCs does IBM plan to install Open Client on to?
Answer: 5%
Question: Which platforms did IBM begin offering the IBM Client for Smart Work on?
Answer: Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Question: What web browser does the Open Document Format have compatibility with?
Answer: Mozilla Firefox
Question: What does using Apple's Mac OS X help to cut according to Microsoft?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do you need to pay Microsoft if you use Open Client Offering software?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an alternative to using Linux document formats?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of its PC's does IBM want to install Firefox on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two platforms is Microsoft offering the Linux client for Smart Work on?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Once the coastal assault had succeeded, Eisenhower insisted on retaining personal control over the land battle strategy, and was immersed in the command and supply of multiple assaults through France on Germany. Field Marshal Montgomery insisted priority be given to his 21st Army Group's attack being made in the north, while Generals Bradley (12th U.S. Army Group) and Devers (Sixth U.S. Army Group) insisted they be given priority in the center and south of the front (respectively). Eisenhower worked tirelessly to address the demands of the rival commanders to optimize Allied forces, often by giving them tactical, though sometimes ineffective, latitude; many historians conclude this delayed the Allied victory in Europe. However, due to Eisenhower's persistence, the pivotal supply port at Antwerp was successfully, albeit belatedly, opened in late 1944, and victory became a more distinct probability.
Question: What unit did Montgomery command?
Answer: 21st Army Group
Question: What general commanded the 12th US Army Group?
Answer: Bradley
Question: Who was the Sixth US Army Group's commander?
Answer: Devers
Question: What geographic portion of the front did the Sixth US Army Group operate on?
Answer: south
Question: What supply port was opened late in 1944?
Answer: Antwerp |
Context: The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were established by religious orders at the summits of many of the main passes. The most important passes are the Col de l'Iseran (the highest), the Brenner Pass, the Mont-Cenis, the Great St. Bernard Pass, the Col de Tende, the Gotthard Pass, the Semmering Pass, and the Stelvio Pass.
Question: What have been crossed for war and commerce?
Answer: The Alps
Question: What was established during medieval periods by religious orders?
Answer: hospices
Question: Where were hospices established?
Answer: the summits of many of the main passes
Question: What is the highest of the most important passes of the Alps?
Answer: Col de l'Iseran |
Context: Namibia conducts a census every ten years. After independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991, further rounds followed in 2001 and 2011. The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia on the census reference night, wherever they happen to be. This is called the de facto method. For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas. These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well.
Question: How often does Namibia conduct a census?
Answer: every ten years
Question: When was the first Population and Housing Census in Namibia?
Answer: 1991
Question: What is it called when the census counts every person wherever they are the night of the census?
Answer: de facto method
Question: How many enumeration areas are there in Namibia?
Answer: 4,042
Question: The enumeration areas in Namibia do not overlap with what in order to get reliable data?
Answer: constituency boundaries
Question: How were people counted in Namibia prior to 1991?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many enumeration areas are there in a typical nation using the de facto method?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many census workers were there in the 1991 Population and Housing Census?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: North of central Hyderabad lie Hussain Sagar, Tank Bund Road, Rani Gunj and the Secunderabad Railway Station. Most of the city's parks and recreational centres, such as Sanjeevaiah Park, Indira Park, Lumbini Park, NTR Gardens, the Buddha statue and Tankbund Park are located here. In the northwest part of the city there are upscale residential and commercial areas such as Banjara Hills, Jubilee Hills, Begumpet, Khairatabad and Miyapur. The northern end contains industrial areas such as Sanathnagar, Moosapet, Balanagar, Patancheru and Chanda Nagar. The northeast end is dotted with residential areas. In the eastern part of the city lie many defence research centres and Ramoji Film City. The "Cyberabad" area in the southwest and west of the city has grown rapidly since the 1990s. It is home to information technology and bio-pharmaceutical companies and to landmarks such as Hyderabad Airport, Osman Sagar, Himayath Sagar and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park.
Question: Where in Hyderabad is the Secunderabad Railway Station?
Answer: North of central Hyderabad
Question: In what region of Hyderabad city is Jubilee Hills located?
Answer: the northwest part
Question: Where in Hyderabad would one find defence centres?
Answer: the eastern part
Question: What area in Hyderabad contains the Hyderabad Airport?
Answer: Cyberabad
Question: Cyberabad contains a national park, what is it?
Answer: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park |
Context: Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager. West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago.
Question: What subject did Kanye's mother teach at her university?
Answer: English
Question: What Georgia city was Kanye West born?
Answer: Atlanta
Question: What was the name of the business that Kanye West helped fund in 2006?
Answer: Good Water Store and Café
Question: Where did Kanye West's mother work before becoming his manager?
Answer: Chicago State University
Question: What was the name of Kanye West's high school?
Answer: Polaris High School |
Context: Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes. There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.
Question: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?
Answer: St. Helena
Question: Anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign were sometimes celebrated in an effort to disrupt what?
Answer: royal celebrations
Question: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?
Answer: the Bourbon regime
Question: Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?
Answer: rosettes |
Context: In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in other words there are no absolute objects. The formulations of the general theory of relativity, unlike those of classical mechanics, do not share a standard, i.e., there is no single formulation paired with transformations. As such the covariance group of the general theory of relativity is just the covariance group of every theory.
Question: The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes what?
Answer: all differentiable transformations
Question: What else besides invariance, or symmetry and group part ways in relativistic physics?
Answer: the covariance group
Question: Which theory does the relativity depart from?
Answer: classical mechanics
Question: What are not pair with transformations in the theory of relativity?
Answer: single formulation
Question: The covariance group of the general theory of relativity is the covariance group of how many theories?
Answer: every
Question: What groups do do not coincide in the classical case?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What groups coincide in relative physics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is absolute according to the theory of relativity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What theory does relativity coincide with?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in "Upgrade" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install. The "full version software" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued. In lieu of full version, a specialized "System Builder" SKU was introduced. The "System Builder" SKU replaced the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) SKU, which was only allowed to be used on PCs meant for resale, but added a "Personal Use License" exemption that officially allowed its purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers.
Question: What restrictions do Windows upgrade licenses have?
Answer: require an existing version of Windows to install
Question: What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software?
Answer: specialized "System Builder" SKU
Question: What did the System Builder SKU take the place of?
Answer: (OEM) SKU
Question: What does OEM stand for?
Answer: original equipment manufacturer
Question: What did the Personal Use License allow?
Answer: purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers
Question: What restrictions don't Windows upgrade licenses have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Windows offer in place of a preview version of the software?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the System Builder SUK take the place of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does OME stand for
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Personal Use License disallow?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Intergender singles bouts were first fought on a national level in the 1990s. This began with Luna Vachon, who faced men in ECW and WWF. Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship. While it is a rare feat in WWE, in TNA, ODB participates in singles intergender matches. Also, ODB's kayfabe husband and tag team partner Eric Young held the Knockouts Tag Team Championship for a record 478 days before it was stripped by Brooke Hogan because Young was a male.
Question: When were intergender singles bouts fought on a national scale?
Answer: 1990s
Question: Who was the first woman to hold a belt that wasn't exclusive to women?
Answer: Chyna
Question: What was the record before it was stripped?
Answer: 478 days
Question: Who stripped the previous record?
Answer: Brooke Hogan |
Context: Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.
Question: hat years did the Spanish rule Guam?
Answer: 1668–1898
Question: What religion was the general population converted to?
Answer: Roman Catholicism
Question: Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?
Answer: Easter and Christmas
Question: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?
Answer: Malayo-Polynesian
Question: What was pre-contact Chamorro cuisine based on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What language did the Chamorro speak pre-contact?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the catalogo alfabetico de apellidos published?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the batu game created?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the chonka game created?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Early Muslim armies stayed in encampments away from cities because Umar feared that they might get attracted to wealth and luxury. In the process, they might turn away from the worship of God and start accumulating wealth and establishing dynasties. When Uthman ibn al-Affan became very old, Marwan I, a relative of Muawiyah I, slipped into the vacuum, became his secretary, slowly assumed more control and relaxed some of these restrictions. Marwan I had previously been excluded from positions of responsibility. In 656, Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, the son of Abu Bakr, the adopted son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the great grandfather of Ja'far al-Sadiq, showed some Egyptians the house of Uthman ibn al-Affan. Later the Egyptians ended up killing Uthman ibn al-Affan.
Question: What group murdered Uthman ibn al-Affan?
Answer: Egyptians
Question: Who was Marwan I related to?
Answer: Muawiyah I
Question: Who adopted Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?
Answer: Ali ibn Abi Talib
Question: Who was the great grandson of Muhammad ibn Ali Bakr?
Answer: Ja'far al-Sadiq
Question: Who feared that Muslim armies would turn away from wealth?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did early Muslim armies stay inside of cities?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who murdered the Egyptians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who assumed power when Marwan I became very old?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the son of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. Victoria believed the rumours. She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora", because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System. At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin. Conroy, the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora. When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen. At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. Melbourne".
Question: What year did Victorias reputation begin to suffer?
Answer: 1839
Question: What was the job of lady Flora Hastings in Victorias household?
Answer: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting
Question: What health issue did Flora hastings develope that began to ruin Victorias reputation?
Answer: an abdominal growth
Question: What was Flora hastings abdominal growth rumored to be?
Answer: an out-of-wedlock pregnancy
Question: Who was rumored to be the father of Flora Hastings "pregnancy"?
Answer: Sir John Conroy
Question: What lady in waiting was at the heart of a 1839 court scandal?
Answer: Lady Flora Hastings
Question: What was the cause of Lady Flora's death in July?
Answer: large tumour on her liver
Question: With whom did Lady Flora consipire against Queen Victoria?
Answer: Conroy and the Duchess of Kent
Question: What was Queen Victoria called after Lady Flora's death due?
Answer: Mrs. Melbourne
Question: Who, in Victoria's court, was accused of having a pregnancy outside of mariage?
Answer: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings
Question: Who was believed to be the father of Lady Flor's "baby"?
Answer: Sir John Conroy
Question: What did Victoria think of Lady Flora?
Answer: despised
Question: Why did Victoria hate Sir Conroy and Lady Flora?
Answer: the Kensington System
Question: What was actually the cause of Lady Flora's "pregnancy"?
Answer: large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen
Question: What year did Victorias reputation begin to recover?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the job of sir Flora Hastings in Victorias household?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What health issue did Flora hastings develop that began to help Victorias reputation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What wasn't Flora hastings abdominal growth rumored to be?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was rumored to be the mother of Flora Hastings "pregnancy"?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Over 600,000 students are enrolled in New York City's over 120 higher education institutions, the highest number of any city in the United States, including over half million in the City University of New York (CUNY) system alone in 2014. In 2005, three out of five Manhattan residents were college graduates, and one out of four had a postgraduate degree, forming one of the highest concentrations of highly educated people in any American city. New York City is home to such notable private universities as Barnard College, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Fordham University, New York University, New York Institute of Technology, Pace University, and Yeshiva University. The public CUNY system is one of the largest universities in the nation, comprising 24 institutions across all five boroughs: senior colleges, community colleges, and other graduate/professional schools. The public State University of New York (SUNY) system also serves New York City, as well as the rest of the state. The city also has other smaller private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions, such as St. John's University, The Juilliard School, Manhattan College, The College of Mount Saint Vincent, The New School, Pratt Institute, The School of Visual Arts, The King's College, and Wagner College.
Question: About how many students attend schools in the City University of New York system?
Answer: half million
Question: What fraction of Manhattan residents graduated from college?
Answer: three out of five
Question: What fraction of Manhattan residents have graduate degrees?
Answer: one out of four
Question: The City University of New York system consists of how many institutions?
Answer: 24
Question: How many students in New York partcipate in higher education?
Answer: 600,000 |
Context: Chopin has figured extensively in Polish literature, both in serious critical studies of his life and music and in fictional treatments. The earliest manifestation was probably an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich. French writers on Chopin (apart from Sand) have included Marcel Proust and André Gide; and he has also featured in works of Gottfried Benn and Boris Pasternak. There are numerous biographies of Chopin in English (see bibliography for some of these).
Question: An 1830 sonnet was written about Chopin by what man?
Answer: Leon Ulrich
Question: Aside from George Sands what two French authors have written about Chopin?
Answer: Marcel Proust and André Gide
Question: Leon Ulrich wrote about Chopin in what format?
Answer: sonnet
Question: What is the earliest sighting of Chopin in Polish Literature?
Answer: sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich
Question: When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?
Answer: 1830
Question: In addition to Polish and French, what other language has numerous biogrpahies of Chopin?
Answer: English |
Context: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park.
Question: In what borough is the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts located?
Answer: Manhattan
Question: In what part of Manhattan can you find Lincoln Square?
Answer: Upper West Side
Question: In what square is the theater named after Lee Strasberg located?
Answer: Union Square
Question: At what institution of higher education is the Tisch School of the Arts located?
Answer: New York University
Question: In what New York park can one find performances at no cost?
Answer: Central Park |
Context: A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification".
Question: What origin was Leto?
Answer: Lydian
Question: Where was Leto worshipped?
Answer: Asia Minor
Question: What is the origin of Sibyl?
Answer: Anatolia |
Context: Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time. An unidentified settlement named 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mouth/estuaries of the Tamar) is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia and is presumed to be located in the area of the modern city.
Question: What is the name of the location cited by Ptolemy that is believed to have been located near modern Plymouth?
Answer: TAMARI OSTIA
Question: Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found?
Answer: Mount Batten
Question: What does 'TAMARI OSTIA' mean?
Answer: mouth/estuaries of the Tamar |
Context: After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before the war and became the leaders of the postwar Republican Party and its legislators. Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.
Question: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?
Answer: 26%
Question: Freeman became the leaders of what party in Charleston?
Answer: postwar Republican Party
Question: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination?
Answer: poverty
Question: For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston?
Answer: city's reconstruction
Question: Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction?
Answer: Confederacy
Question: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1886 were Freemen?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Freeman never became the leaders of what party in Charleston?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What else did freed slaves face in prewar Charleston besides discrimination?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: For what did the Federal forces leave Charleston?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which side was defeated in the war after Reconstruction?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person.
Question: When did Napoleon's invasion of Portugal begin?
Answer: 17 October 1807
Question: How many troops did Napoleon send to begin the invasion of Portugal?
Answer: 24,000
Question: Who did Napoleon select to lead the troops sent to invade Portugal?
Answer: General Junot
Question: The invasion of Portugal was the beginning of what six-year conflict?
Answer: the Peninsular War
Question: How many troops did Marshal Murat lead into Spain?
Answer: 120,000 |
Context: The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts.
Question: What current affects the environment of Saint Helena?
Answer: Benguela Current
Question: On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?
Answer: 5–6 |
Context: Some organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment. Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphates). After one day, one gram of bacteria can encrust themselves with nine grams of uranyl phosphate crystals; this creates the possibility that these organisms could be used in bioremediation to decontaminate uranium-polluted water. The proteobacterium Geobacter has also been shown to bioremediate uranium in ground water. The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices increases uranium content in the roots of its symbiotic plant.
Question: What microorganism can notably absorb a very high concentrate of uranium?
Answer: Citrobacter
Question: What lichen is known to absorb a uranium concentration nearly 300 times higher than the amount in the environment?
Answer: Trapelia involuta
Question: What is given to Citrobacter to cause it to absorb uranyl ions?
Answer: glycerol phosphate
Question: What protobacterium notably bioremediates ground water uranium?
Answer: Geobacter
Question: What fungus is known to cause uranium content in its symbiotic plant roots to increase?
Answer: Glomus intraradices
Question: What macroorganism can notably absorb a very high concentrate of uranium?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What lichen is known to absorb a uranium concentration nearly 400 times higher than the amount in the environment?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is taken from Citrobacter to cause it to absorb uranyl ions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What protobacterium never bioremediates ground water uranium?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What fungus is known to cause uranium content in its symbiotic plant roots to decrease?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Several influential people of the time, including Bell, viewed deafness as something that should be eradicated, and also believed that with resources and effort they could teach the deaf to speak and avoid the use of sign language, thus enabling their integration within the wider society from which many were often being excluded. In several schools, children were mistreated, for example by having their hands tied behind their backs so they could not communicate by signing—the only language they knew—in an attempt to force them to attempt oral communication. Owing to his efforts to suppress the teaching of sign language, Bell is often viewed negatively by those embracing Deaf culture.
Question: Bell's goal was to instruct the deaf to speak and not use what?
Answer: sign language
Question: What would happen so some children's hands in schools?
Answer: tied behind their backs
Question: In what light to many pro-deaf people see Bell?
Answer: negative
Question: What was the only language many deaf people had?
Answer: signing |
Context: Freemasonry, as it exists in various forms all over the world, has a membership estimated by the United Grand Lodge of England at around six million worldwide. The fraternity is administratively organised into independent Grand Lodges (or sometimes Grand Orients), each of which governs its own Masonic jurisdiction, which consists of subordinate (or constituent) Lodges. The largest single jurisdiction, in terms of membership, is the United Grand Lodge of England (with a membership estimated at around a quarter million). The Grand Lodge of Scotland and Grand Lodge of Ireland (taken together) have approximately 150,000 members. In the United States total membership is just under two million.
Question: How large is the membership of Freemasonry?
Answer: around six million worldwide
Question: What is the largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?
Answer: United Grand Lodge of England
Question: How many members does the UGLE have?
Answer: around a quarter million
Question: What are the membership numbers of the United States?
Answer: just under two million
Question: How many members does the Grand Lodge of Scotland and the Grand Lodge of Ireland have, together?
Answer: 150,000
Question: How many members are in Freemasonry?
Answer: around six million worldwide
Question: What lodge has the single largest single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?
Answer: the United Grand Lodge of England
Question: How many members are in the Grand Lodge of England?
Answer: around a quarter million
Question: The Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland have how many member?
Answer: approximately 150,000 members
Question: The United States has how many Freemason members?
Answer: just under two million
Question: How many people lost membership of Freemasonry?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the only single jurisdiction of Freemasonry?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many members does the UGLE lose every year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many members left the United States?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many dogs are in the Grand Lodge of England?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time. They failed in qualification for the 1974, leading to Ramsey's dismissal, and 1978 FIFA World Cups. Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage.
Question: A defeat by which team eliminated England from the 1970 FIFA World Cup?
Answer: West Germany
Question: What was the final score of England's last match of the 1970 FIFA World Cup?
Answer: 3–2
Question: In which year did England fail to qualify for the FIFA World Cup resulting in Ramsey's dismissal?
Answer: 1974
Question: Where did the 1970 FIFA World Cup take place?
Answer: Mexico
Question: Where did the 1982 FIFA World Cup take place?
Answer: Spain
Question: In what year was Ron Greenwood born?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what country was the World Cup played in 1974?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the World Cup played in 1974?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was one of the teams England's football team played in the 1982 World Cup games?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Ron Greenwood take over leadership of England's football team?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Through its program of need-based financial aid, Yale commits to meet the full demonstrated financial need of all applicants. Most financial aid is in the form of grants and scholarships that do not need to be paid back to the university, and the average need-based aid grant for the Class of 2017 was $46,395. 15% of Yale College students are expected to have no parental contribution, and about 50% receive some form of financial aid. About 16% of the Class of 2013 had some form of student loan debt at graduation, with an average debt of $13,000 among borrowers.
Question: What kind of system is Yale's financial aid?
Answer: need-based
Question: How is most financial aid obtained at Yale?
Answer: grants and scholarships
Question: What was the average need of financial aid at Yale for the Class of 2017?
Answer: $46,395
Question: What percent of students at Yale are thought to have no parental help?
Answer: 15%
Question: What was the average debt of student loan borrowers from the class of 2013?
Answer: $13,000
Question: What kind of system isn't Yale's financial aid?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is least financial aid obtained at Yale?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the average need of financial aid at Yale for the Class of 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percent of students at Yale are thought to have all parental help?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the average debt of student loan borrowers from the class of 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1950s. The Ontario Rugby Football Union, the last amateur organization to compete for the trophy, withdrew from competition in 1954. The move ushered in the modern era of Canadian professional football.
Question: Who donated a championship trophy for Canadian football teams in 1909?
Answer: Albert Grey
Question: When did professional teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship?
Answer: 1940s and early 1950s
Question: Which trophy was awarded to a Canadian football champion beginning in 1909?
Answer: Grey Cup
Question: Which was the last amateur team to compete for the Canadian football championship?
Answer: Ontario Rugby Football Union
Question: What government position was held by the man who donated the Grey Cup to Canadian football?
Answer: The Governor General of Canada
Question: Who donated the Grey cup in 2009
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did amateur teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the first amateur team to compete for the Canadian football championship?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Gov. Gen. of Ottawa to donate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What amateur team won a championship in 1954?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Ontario Rugby Football Union established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who donated a championship trophy for the Governor General of Canada?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What position was held by the Ontario Rugby Football Union?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the last professional team to compete for the trophy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did amateur teams dominate the Canadian football championship?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Iran received access to the Internet in 1993. According to 2014 census, around 40% of the population of Iran are Internet users. Iran ranks 24th among countries by number of Internet users. According to the statistics provided by the web information company of Alexa, Google Search and Yahoo! are the most used search engines in Iran. Over 80% of the users of Telegram, a cloud-based instant messaging service, are from Iran. Instagram is the most popular online social networking service in Iran. Direct access to Facebook has been blocked in Iran since the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, due to organization of the opposition movements on the website; but however, Facebook has around 12 to 17 million users in Iran who are using virtual private networks and proxy servers to access the website. Around 90% of Iran's e-commerce takes place on the Iranian online store of Digikala, which has around 750,000 visitors per day and more than 2.3 million subscribers. Digikala is the most visited online store in the Middle East, and ranks 4th among the most visited websites in Iran.
Question: When did the Internet arrive in Iran?
Answer: 1993
Question: What percentage of Iran's population were internet users in 2014?
Answer: around 40%
Question: What is Iran's most popular online social network?
Answer: Instagram
Question: What percentage of cloud-based instant messaging platform Telegram's users are from Iran?
Answer: Over 80%
Question: What site is responsible for around 90% of Iran's online e-commerce?
Answer: Digikala |
Context: While the terms "institute of technology" and "polytechnic" are synonymous, the preference concerning which one is the preferred term varies from country to country.[citation needed]
Question: What word means the same thing as "institute of technology"?
Answer: polytechnic |
Context: In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.
Question: How long had Atlantic City held a monopoly on casino gambling?
Answer: 40-year
Question: Who said that the state would consider a referendum to end the monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling?
Answer: Governor Christie
Question: When did Governor Christie say that the state would consider a referendum?
Answer: September 2014
Question: How much was casino revenue in 2006?
Answer: $5.2 billion
Question: How much was casino revenue in 2013?
Answer: $2.9 billion |
Context: By the end of the regal period Rome had developed into a city-state, with a large plebeian, artisan class excluded from the old patrician gentes and from the state priesthoods. The city had commercial and political treaties with its neighbours; according to tradition, Rome's Etruscan connections established a temple to Minerva on the predominantly plebeian Aventine; she became part of a new Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, installed in a Capitoline temple, built in an Etruscan style and dedicated in a new September festival, Epulum Jovis. These are supposedly the first Roman deities whose images were adorned, as if noble guests, at their own inaugural banquet.
Question: At the end of the regal period, what class was kept out of the state political and priesthood arenas?
Answer: plebeian
Question: With whom did Rome have alliances at the end of the regal period?
Answer: neighbours
Question: What goddess became a part of the Capitoline triad?
Answer: Minerva
Question: In what style was the temple to Minerva built?
Answer: Etruscan
Question: What gods were in the Capitoline triad?
Answer: Jupiter, Juno and Minerva |
Context: Consistent with Calvin's political ideas, Protestants created both the English and the American democracies. In seventeenth-century England, the most important persons and events in this process were the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, John Milton, John Locke, the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Act of Settlement. Later, the British took their democratic ideals to their colonies, e.g. Australia, New Zealand, and India. In North America, Plymouth Colony (Pilgrim Fathers; 1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628) practised democratic self-rule and separation of powers. These Congregationalists were convinced that the democratic form of government was the will of God. The Mayflower Compact was a social contract.
Question: Whose democracies were created by Protestants?
Answer: the English and the American democracies
Question: Other than the U.S., to what colonies did the British export their democratic beliefs?
Answer: Australia, New Zealand, and India
Question: What democratic principles were followed by the Plymouth Colony?
Answer: self-rule and separation of powers
Question: What group believed that democracy was the will of God?
Answer: Congregationalists
Question: What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers?
Answer: Massachusetts Bay Colony |
Context: The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout the Quran, is conspicuous in many of the earlier Meccan suras, in which relatively short verses throw the rhyming words into prominence. The effectiveness of such a form is evident for instance in Sura 81, and there can be no doubt that these passages impressed the conscience of the hearers. Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion. Later sections also preserve this form but the style is more expository.
Question: What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect?
Answer: rhymed prose
Question: Which suras in the Quran are particularly rhythmic?
Answer: earlier Meccan suras
Question: What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?
Answer: subject of discussion
Question: Which parts of the Quran are the least poetic?
Answer: Later
Question: What description of the reading in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its unpoetic aspect?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which suras in the Quran are particularly non-rhythmic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What often stays the same along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which parts of the Quran are the most poetic?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Because of its simple atomic structure, consisting only of a proton and an electron, the hydrogen atom, together with the spectrum of light produced from it or absorbed by it, has been central to the development of the theory of atomic structure. Furthermore, the corresponding simplicity of the hydrogen molecule and the corresponding cation H+
2 allowed fuller understanding of the nature of the chemical bond, which followed shortly after the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom had been developed in the mid-1920s.
Question: What is the hydrogen atom made up of?
Answer: a proton and an electron
Question: What theory is the hydrogen atom a big part of?
Answer: atomic structure
Question: When was the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom developed?
Answer: 1920s |
Context: An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.
Question: What did the analysis show mixed results for?
Answer: growth of the Internet
Question: What was disrupted by Internet growth for the press?
Answer: traditional sources of funding
Question: How much has new types of Internet journalism replaced what has been lost in the press?
Answer: a tiny fraction |
Context: American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition.
Question: How many nominations has American Idol received for Outstanding Reality Competition Program?
Answer: 9
Question: What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol?
Answer: Bruce Gower
Question: How many total Emmy Awards has American Idol won?
Answer: 8
Question: What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?
Answer: Idol Gives Back
Question: How many times was American Idol nominated for an Emmy?
Answer: nine
Question: What award did American Idol win for its Idol Gives Back charity work?
Answer: Governor's Award in 2007 |
Context: The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.
Question: The medieval city is a foundation of what family?
Answer: Zähringer
Question: When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?
Answer: 12th century
Question: Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?
Answer: Upper Burgundy
Question: What year was Bern founded?
Answer: 1191
Question: Who founded Bern?
Answer: Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen |
Context: In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes the universal Church in a very special way by associating with himself as cardinals the most select persons only, and appoint to each church most eminently upright and competent shepherds; and this the more so, because our Lord Jesus Christ will require at his hands the blood of the sheep of Christ that perish through the evil government of shepherds who are negligent and forgetful of their office."
Question: In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals?
Answer: 1563
Question: Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent?
Answer: Pope Pius IV
Question: In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write in regards to the selection of Cardinals?
Answer: 1563
Question: Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year?
Answer: Pope Pius IV
Question: What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who led the Ecumenical Council of Thames?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did the historic council determine that the College of Cardinals should select as cardinals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did our Lord Jesus Christ not require according to the Council of Trent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who would not be negligent or forgetful of their office?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start, which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives. The first topless Page 3 model appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn; she was tagged as a "Birthday Suit Girl" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun. A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses. Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic. Lamb expressed some regret at introducing the feature, although denied it was sexist. A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire, was the first to ban the paper from its public library, shortly after Page 3 began, because of its excessive sexual content. This decision was reversed after a sustained campaign by the newspaper itself lasting 16 months, and the election of a Labour-led council in 1971.
Question: What did Lamb employ as an important theme from the beginning of the paper?
Answer: Sex
Question: When did the first Page 3 model appear topless?
Answer: 17 November 1970
Question: Who was the first Page 3 topless model?
Answer: Stephanie Rahn
Question: Who was the first to prohibit the paper from being in its library?
Answer: A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire
Question: When was the library ban reversed?
Answer: 1971 |
Context: Homosexuality was decriminalised in Bermuda with the passage of the Stubbs Bill in May 1994. Legislation was introduced by Private Members Bill by PLP MP Wayne Furbert to amend the Human Rights Act of Bermuda to disallow Same Sex Marriage under the Act in February 2016. The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions. Both measures were in response to a decision by His Hon Mr. Justice Ian Kawaley, Chief Justice of Bermuda's earlier ruling that same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.
Question: When was homosexuality legalized in Bermuda?
Answer: May 1994.
Question: What occurred in February of 2016?
Answer: The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions
Question: What did the Chief Justice decide?
Answer: same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.
Question: What happened due to the Stubbs Bill in February 1994?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Wayne Kawaley wish to do in 2016?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the OAB government do in 2016?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Hon Mr. Justice Ian Furbert's earlier ruling state?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1913, his father was elevated to the nobility for his service to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by Emperor Franz Joseph. The Neumann family thus acquired the hereditary appellation Margittai, meaning of Marghita. The family had no connection with the town; the appellation was chosen in reference to Margaret, as was those chosen coat of arms depicting three marguerites. Neumann János became Margittai Neumann János (John Neumann of Marghita), which he later changed to the German Johann von Neumann.
Question: In what year was Von Neumann's father elevated to nobility?
Answer: 1913
Question: What Emperor elevated Von Neumann's father to nobility?
Answer: Emperor Franz Joseph
Question: What town did Von Neumann's family become associated when elevated to nobility?
Answer: Marghita
Question: What was Von Neumann's given name as member of Austro-Hungarian nobility?
Answer: Margittai Neumann János |
Context: The Greek kingdom of Bactria began as a breakaway satrapy of the Seleucid empire, which, because of the size of the empire, had significant freedom from central control. Between 255-246 BCE, the governor of Bactria, Sogdiana and Margiana (most of present-day Afghanistan), one Diodotus, took this process to its logical extreme and declared himself king. Diodotus II, son of Diodotus, was overthrown in about 230 BC by Euthydemus, possibly the satrap of Sogdiana, who then started his own dynasty. In c. 210 BC, the Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by a resurgent Seleucid empire under Antiochus III. While victorious in the field, it seems Antiochus came to realise that there were advantages in the status quo (perhaps sensing that Bactria could not be governed from Syria), and married one of his daughters to Euthydemus's son, thus legitimising the Greco-Bactria dynasty. Soon afterwards the Greco-Bactrian kingdom seems to have expanded, possibly taking advantage of the defeat of the Parthian king Arsaces II by Antiochus.
Question: Bactria was led by what king from 255-246 BCE?
Answer: Diodotus
Question: When was Diodotus II overthrown?
Answer: 230 BC
Question: What leader overthrew Diodotus II?
Answer: Euthydemus
Question: The Greco-Bactrian kingdom was invaded by what Seleucid leader?
Answer: Antiochus III
Question: Antiochus III married his daughter off to whose son?
Answer: Euthydemus |
Context: Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times. An additional Spanish-language newspapers, Diario Las Americas also serve Miami. The Miami Herald is Miami's primary newspaper with over a million readers and is headquartered in Downtown in Herald Plaza. Several other student newspapers from the local universities, such as the oldest, the University of Miami's The Miami Hurricane, Florida International University's The Beacon, Miami-Dade College's The Metropolis, Barry University's The Buccaneer, amongst others. Many neighborhoods and neighboring areas also have their own local newspapers such as the Aventura News, Coral Gables Tribune, Biscayne Bay Tribune, and the Palmetto Bay News.
Question: In what neighborhood of Miami is Miami New Times based?
Answer: Midtown
Question: What neighborhood houses the headquarters of Miami Today?
Answer: Brickell
Question: Approximately how many people read The Miami Herald?
Answer: million
Question: For what university is The Beacon the student newspaper?
Answer: Florida International
Question: What is the name of the student newspaper at Barry University?
Answer: The Buccaneer
Question: In what neighborhood of Miami isn't Miami New Times based?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What neighborhood no longer houses the headquarters of Miami Today?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: For what university isn't The Beacon the student newspaper?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Approximately how many people write The Miami Herald?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What isn't the name of the student newspaper at Barry University?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Hayek disapproved of the notion of 'social justice'. He compared the market to a game in which 'there is no point in calling the outcome just or unjust' and argued that 'social justice is an empty phrase with no determinable content'; likewise "the results of the individual's efforts are necessarily unpredictable, and the question as to whether the resulting distribution of incomes is just has no meaning". He generally regarded government redistribution of income or capital as an unacceptable intrusion upon individual freedom: "the principle of distributive justice, once introduced, would not be fulfilled until the whole of society was organized in accordance with it. This would produce a kind of society which in all essential respects would be the opposite of a free society."
Question: What concept did Hayek dislike?
Answer: social justice
Question: How did Hayek feel regarding income distribution?
Answer: there is no point in calling the outcome just or unjust
Question: What reason does Hayek provide for differences in income distribution not being a matter of just or unjust?
Answer: the results of the individual's efforts are necessarily unpredictable
Question: According to Hayek, a society in which income is redistributed is what?
Answer: the opposite of a free society |
Context: In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the "Flying Chair", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring.
Question: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?
Answer: Gaetano Genovese
Question: At what location was the "Flying Chair" installed in 1845?
Answer: Royal Palace of Caserta
Question: What type of wood was used on the inside ?
Answer: maple
Question: What controlled the traction?
Answer: a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels
Question: What did the safety system consist of?
Answer: a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring |
Context: Urban heat islands (UHI) are metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than that of the surrounding environment. The higher temperatures are a result of increased absorption of the Solar light by urban materials such as asphalt and concrete, which have lower albedos and higher heat capacities than those in the natural environment. A straightforward method of counteracting the UHI effect is to paint buildings and roads white and plant trees. Using these methods, a hypothetical "cool communities" program in Los Angeles has projected that urban temperatures could be reduced by approximately 3 °C at an estimated cost of US$1 billion, giving estimated total annual benefits of US$530 million from reduced air-conditioning costs and healthcare savings.
Question: UHI is an abbreviation of what?
Answer: Urban heat islands
Question: A program in Los Angeles believes that with $1 billion, city temperatures could be reduced by approximately how many degrees in Celsius?
Answer: 3
Question: What are the metropolitan areas with higher temperatures than the surrounding areas called?
Answer: Urban heat islands
Question: What materials absorb sunlight and create higher temperatures than natural materials?
Answer: asphalt and concrete
Question: What is a way to reduce the high temperatures created in urban heat islands?
Answer: paint buildings and roads white and plant trees |
Context: The contacts gained through university and American Assembly fund-raising activities would later become important supporters in Eisenhower's bid for the Republican party nomination and the presidency. Meanwhile, Columbia University's liberal faculty members became disenchanted with the university president's ties to oilmen and businessmen, including Leonard McCollum, the president of Continental Oil; Frank Abrams, the chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey; Bob Kleberg, the president of the King Ranch; H. J. Porter, a Texas oil executive; Bob Woodruff, the president of the Coca-Cola Corporation; and Clarence Francis, the chairman of General Foods.
Question: Aside from his university work, where did Eisenhower gain useful contacts?
Answer: American Assembly
Question: What Continental Oil leader was Eisenhower tied to?
Answer: Leonard McCollum
Question: What was the political orientation of Columbia's teachers?
Answer: liberal
Question: What state was Frank Abrams' oil company located in?
Answer: New Jersey
Question: From where did H.J. Porter hale?
Answer: Texas |
Context: The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as barsat, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October.
Question: When do monsoons traditionally happen in Punjab?
Answer: by May
Question: When did Punjab's weather pattern become unpredictable?
Answer: since the early 1970s
Question: How hot do newspapers say it has gotten in Punjab?
Answer: 51 °C
Question: What was the record heat spike in Multan?
Answer: 54 °C
Question: When was the record heat spike in Multan?
Answer: June 1993
Question: When did the first monsoon appear in Punjab?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the temperature in May?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the highest temperature recorded during a barsat?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The onset of what appears in October?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Official estimates rarely go under what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the United States, 25 Hz, a once-common industrial power frequency is used on Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system at 12 kV on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C. and New York City and on the Keystone Corridor between Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. SEPTA's 25 Hz traction power system uses the same 12 kV voltage on the catenary in Northeast Philadelphia. This allows for the trains to operate on both the Amtrak and SEPTA power systems. Apart from having an identical catenary voltage, the power distribution systems of Amtrak and SEPTA are very different. The Amtrak power distribution system has a 138 kV transmission network that provides power to substations which then transform the voltage to 12 kV to feed the catenary system. The SEPTA power distribution system uses a 2:1 ratio autotransformer system, with the catenary fed at 12 kV and a return feeder wire fed at 24 kV. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad used an 11 kV system between New York City and New Haven, Connecticut which was converted to 12.5 kV 60 Hz in 1987.
Question: What frequency was typically used on US Amtrak?
Answer: 25 Hz
Question: What voltage does SEPTA system use?
Answer: 12 kV voltage
Question: What specification is similar for both Amtrak and Septa systems?
Answer: catenary voltage
Question: When was a 11kV system of NY, New Haven and Hartford was converted to 12.5 kV?
Answer: 1987
Question: The Northeast Corridor connects Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and what city?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Keystone Corridor connects Washington, D.C. and what city?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What uses a 1:2 ratio autotransformer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad converted to a 11 kV system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What uses a catenary fed at 24 kV?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Semi-additive is the most common process: The unpatterned board has a thin layer of copper already on it. A reverse mask is then applied. (Unlike a subtractive process mask, this mask exposes those parts of the substrate that will eventually become the traces.) Additional copper is then plated onto the board in the unmasked areas; copper may be plated to any desired weight. Tin-lead or other surface platings are then applied. The mask is stripped away and a brief etching step removes the now-exposed bare original copper laminate from the board, isolating the individual traces. Some single-sided boards which have plated-through holes are made in this way. General Electric made consumer radio sets in the late 1960s using additive boards.
Question: In the semi-additive process, what do the areas exposed by the mask become at the end?
Answer: traces
Question: What metal is used to plate the unmasked parts of the board in the semi-additive method?
Answer: copper
Question: After the mask comes off of the board, what step takes off the original plating?
Answer: etching
Question: What company used to make radios with additive boards in the mid-20th century?
Answer: General Electric
Question: What weight of plating is possible with copper?
Answer: any
Question: Fully additive is the most common what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Additional silver is plated onto what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who made consumer radio sets in the late 1940s using additive boards?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The patterned board has a thin layer of what already on it?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The influence of science also began appearing more commonly in poetry and literature during the Enlightenment. Some poetry became infused with scientific metaphor and imagery, while other poems were written directly about scientific topics. Sir Richard Blackmore committed the Newtonian system to verse in Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books (1712). After Newton's death in 1727, poems were composed in his honour for decades. James Thomson (1700–1748) penned his "Poem to the Memory of Newton," which mourned the loss of Newton, but also praised his science and legacy.
Question: Who wrote "Poem to the Memory of Newton?"
Answer: James Thomson
Question: In what year did Newton die?
Answer: 1727
Question: Whose death in 1727 prompted poems to be written in his honour for decades?
Answer: Newton
Question: Who wrote Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books?
Answer: Sir Richard Blackmore
Question: In what year was Creation, a Philosophical Poem in Seven Books written?
Answer: 1712 |
Context: The city's total area is 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2). 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this is water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine. The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.
Question: What is the total area of New York City in square miles?
Answer: 468.9
Question: In square miles, how much of the city's total area is composed of water?
Answer: 164.1
Question: In square miles, how much of the city's total area is land?
Answer: 304.8
Question: What is the name of New York City's highest point?
Answer: Todt Hill
Question: On what island is New York City's highest point located?
Answer: Staten Island
Question: How many square miles in NYC?
Answer: 468.9
Question: How many square miles are water in NYC?
Answer: 164.1
Question: How many square miles are land in NYC?
Answer: 304.8
Question: The highest peak in the city is what location?
Answer: Todt Hill
Question: How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil?
Answer: 409.8 |
Context: An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions:
Question: When did Gautama Buddha discover the Middle Way?
Answer: prior to his enlightenment
Question: An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?
Answer: the Middle Way
Question: Guatama discovered the middle path before his what?
Answer: enlightenment |
Context: Water splitting, in which water is decomposed into its component protons, electrons, and oxygen, occurs in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms. Some such organisms, including the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria, have evolved a second step in the dark reactions in which protons and electrons are reduced to form H2 gas by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast. Efforts have been undertaken to genetically modify cyanobacterial hydrogenases to efficiently synthesize H2 gas even in the presence of oxygen. Efforts have also been undertaken with genetically modified alga in a bioreactor.
Question: What is the decomposition of water into its components called?
Answer: Water splitting
Question: Where does water splitting occur?
Answer: in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms
Question: What organisms can form H2 gas?
Answer: alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria
Question: How are these gases formed?
Answer: by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast |
Context: Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.
Question: Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world?
Answer: Paris
Question: How many passengers did Paris see in 2014?
Answer: 96.5 million
Question: What is the oldest air port in Paris?
Answer: Paris-Le Bourget |
Context: This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, were sometimes purpose-built, but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. Following this concept, light aircraft carriers built by the US, such as USS Independence, represented a larger, more "militarized" version of the escort carrier. Although with similar complement to Escort carriers, they had the advantage of speed from their converted cruiser hulls. The UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier was designed for building quickly by civilian shipyards and with an expected service life of about 3 years. They served the Royal Navy during the war and was the hull design chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war until the 1980s. Emergencies also spurred the creation or conversion of highly unconventional aircraft carriers. CAM ships, were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long range German aircraft.
Question: What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Bogue?
Answer: Escort
Question: What type of aircraft was the USS Independence?
Answer: light
Question: What advantage did light carriers have over escort carriers?
Answer: speed
Question: What was the expected serice life of the UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier?
Answer: 3 years
Question: Who did the UK 1941 Design Light Fleet Carriers serve during the war?
Answer: Royal Navy
Question: What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Vogue?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of tank was the USS Independence?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What advantage did heavy carriers have over escort carriers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the expected service life of the UK 1924 Design Light Fleet Carrier?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did the UK 1941 Design Heavy Fleet Carriers serve during the war?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: As of 2015 a variety of murals from internationally recognized street artists have appeared throughout the city as a result of the efforts of Art Whino and RVA Magazine with The Richmond Mural Project and the RVA Street Art Festival. Artists who have produced work in the city as a result of these festivals include ROA, Pixel Pancho, Gaia, Aryz, Alexis Diaz, Ever Siempre, Jaz, 2501, Natalia Rak, Pose MSK, Vizie, Jeff Soto, Mark Jenkins, Etam Cru- and local artists Hamilton Glass, Nils Westergard, and El Kamino. Both festivals are expected to continue this year with artists such as Ron English slated to produce work.
Question: Along with Hamilton Glass and El Kamino, who is a mural artist local to Richmond?
Answer: Nils Westergard
Question: What periodical has attempted to attract internationally known mural artists to Richmond?
Answer: RVA
Question: What Richmond street art gathering has brought mural artists to the city?
Answer: RVA Street Art Festival |
Context: Strong, royalty-based nation states rose throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula: Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the period strengthened royal control over their kingdoms and were extremely hard on the peasantry. Kings profited from warfare that extended royal legislation and increased the lands they directly controlled. Paying for the wars required that methods of taxation become more effective and efficient, and the rate of taxation often increased. The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority.
Question: Along with Aragon and Castile, what Christian kingdom was present on the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: Portugal
Question: Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period?
Answer: Paying for the wars
Question: What English representative body provided consent for royal taxation?
Answer: Parliament
Question: What French body was similar in purpose to the English Parliament?
Answer: Estates General
Question: What social class was harmed by the lengthy wars of this era?
Answer: the peasantry |
Context: The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA).
Question: How many pages of secret documents were microfilmed?
Answer: 9,800 pages
Question: Near the end of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?
Answer: Thuringia
Question: What did Wendell B. Blancke investigate at the end of the war?
Answer: Exploitation German Archives
Question: Why did Karl von Loesch bury the microfilm?
Answer: personal insurance for his future well-being
Question: Where was Karl von Löesch transferred to after he turned over the documents?
Answer: the American zone
Question: How many pages of public documents were microfilmed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Near the start of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Wendell B. Blancke investigate at the start of the war?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did Karl von Loesch destroy the microfilm?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was Karl von Löesch transferred to after he destoyed over the documents?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1
Question: Where do organisms inherit their genes from?
Answer: from their parents
Question: How much of an asexual organism's genome is inherited from its parents?
Answer: a complete copy
Question: How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?
Answer: two copies of each chromosome
Question: How many sets of chromosomes does a sexual organism inherit from each parent?
Answer: one complete set from each parent
Question: Why do sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome?
Answer: because they inherit one complete set from each parent |
Context: Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.
Question: What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?
Answer: Some other race
Question: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?
Answer: 2010
Question: There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?
Answer: Some other race
Question: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?
Answer: the American Community Survey |
Context: ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency.
Question: What was the name given to the proposal?
Answer: ASPEC
Question: What did the joint proposal provide?
Answer: the highest coding efficiency
Question: Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal?
Answer: AT&T Bell Laboratories |
Context: Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's Behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. Psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow introduced a positive, humanistic psychology in response to what they viewed as the overly pessimistic view of psychoanalysis in the early 1960s. Other sources include the philosophies of existentialism and phenomenology.
Question: Who wotked with Carl Rogers on humanistic phycology?
Answer: Abraham Maslow
Question: What is human phycology?
Answer: psychological perspective
Question: In what century did humanistic phycology rise in prominence?
Answer: 20th century
Question: They introduced it in response to what?
Answer: psychoanalysis
Question: Who worked with Carl Rogers on animal psychology?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does humanistic psychology seek to misunderstand?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What century did humanistic psychology lose popularity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What philosophies are now discredited?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was not accepted in their pursuits of psychoanalysis?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In many societies, beer is the most popular alcoholic drink. Various social traditions and activities are associated with beer drinking, such as playing cards, darts, or other pub games; attending beer festivals; engaging in zythology (the study of beer); visiting a series of pubs in one evening; visiting breweries; beer-oriented tourism; or rating beer. Drinking games, such as beer pong, are also popular. A relatively new profession is that of the beer sommelier, who informs restaurant patrons about beers and food pairings.
Question: What is the term used for the study of beer?
Answer: zythology
Question: What is a professional called at a restaurant who advises customers about beer and food pairs?
Answer: beer sommelier
Question: What is a popular drinking game where beer is often considered?
Answer: beer pong
Question: What is the most popular alcoholic drink in most societies?
Answer: beer
Question: What is the most popular drink in society?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What new profession deals with food?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the study of beer and food called?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Birds have wings which are more or less developed depending on the species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moas and elephant birds. Wings, which evolved from forelimbs, give most birds the ability to fly, although further speciation has led to some flightless birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species of birds. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly the aforementioned flightless penguins, and also members of the duck family, have also evolved for swimming. Birds, specifically Darwin's finches, played an important part in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
Question: What makes birds uniquely adapted for flight?
Answer: digestive and respiratory systems
Question: What type of bird particularly played an important part in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
Answer: Darwin's finches
Question: Which part of the bird developed from forelimbs?
Answer: Wings |
Context: The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters should be sounded together and where they should be kept separate, etc. It may be said that this discipline studies the laws and methods of the proper recitation of the Quran and covers three main areas: the proper pronunciation of consonants and vowels (the articulation of the Quranic phonemes), the rules of pause in recitation and of resumption of recitation, and the musical and melodious features of recitation.
Question: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited?
Answer: tajwid
Question: Tajwid deals with what aspect of the phonemes in the Quran?
Answer: pronunciation
Question: Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of articulating Quranic verses?
Answer: pause in recitation
Question: Rhythm is an example of which features of Quranic recitation covered by tajwid?
Answer: musical and melodious
Question: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is incorrectly recited?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly unrecited?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of inarticulating Quranic verses?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Tajwid deals with what aspect of the phonemes in the Bible?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Rhythm is an example of which features of Quranic recitation uncovered by tajwid?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977, which also included Bernardin Gantin from Benin, Africa. This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978. Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]
Question: How many future popes did Paul VI create first as cardinals?
Answer: three
Question: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?
Answer: Joseph Ratzinger
Question: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?
Answer: Karol Wojtyła
Question: In what year did Paul VI die?
Answer: 1978
Question: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?
Answer: John Paul I |
Context: Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in certain types of machine bearings. Zinc is the primary metal used in making American one cent coins since 1982. The zinc core is coated with a thin layer of copper to give the impression of a copper coin. In 1994, 33,200 tonnes (36,600 short tons) of zinc were used to produce 13.6 billion pennies in the United States.
Question: What has zinc replaced in pipe organs?
Answer: lead/tin alloy
Question: Zinc, copper and aluminum alloys have use in what part of machinery?
Answer: machine bearings
Question: Zinc in the main metal used in making which american currency?
Answer: one cent coins
Question: What is zinc coated with to influence the look of pennies?
Answer: thin layer of copper
Question: What has zinc been replaced with in pipe organs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is zinc coated with to influence the look of dimes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the only metal used in American currency?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the only metal used in pipe organs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Gorbachev also radically expanded the scope of Glasnost, stating that no subject was off-limits for open discussion in the media. Even so, the cautious Soviet intelligentsia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said. For the first time, the Communist Party leader had appealed over the heads of Central Committee members for the people's support in exchange for expansion of liberties. The tactic proved successful: Within two years political reform could no longer be sidetracked by Party "conservatives." An unintended consequence was that having saved reform, Gorbachev's move ultimately killed the very system it was designed to save.
Question: Whose support did Gorbachev seek in order to increase liberties?
Answer: the people's
Question: What party was Gorbachev in charge of?
Answer: Communist
Question: What group wanted to stop reforms?
Answer: "conservatives." |
Context: According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.
Question: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?
Answer: tied around
Question: What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?
Answer: deteriorate
Question: Who has identified needles from about 30,000 B.C.?
Answer: Archeologists
Question: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?
Answer: a prehistoric cave
Question: What dates back to 36,000 BP?
Answer: Dyed flax fibers
Question: The earliest clothing was pinned to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Clothing material deteriorates slowly compared to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where have we not yet found flax fibers
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Archaeologists have found early metal needles from when?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Between October 14–16, 1964, Leonid Brezhnev and a small cadre of high-ranking Communist Party officials, deposed Khrushchev as Soviet government leader a day after Voskhod 1 landed, in what was called the "Wednesday conspiracy". The new political leaders, along with Korolev, ended the technologically troublesome Voskhod program, cancelling Voskhod 3 and 4, which were in the planning stages, and started concentrating on the race to the Moon. Voskhod 2 would end up being Korolev's final achievement before his death on January 14, 1966, as it would become the last of the many space firsts that demonstrated the USSR's domination in spacecraft technology during the early 1960s. According to historian Asif Siddiqi, Korolev's accomplishments marked "the absolute zenith of the Soviet space program, one never, ever attained since." There would be a two-year pause in Soviet piloted space flights while Voskhod's replacement, the Soyuz spacecraft, was designed and developed.
Question: Korolev died on what date?
Answer: January 14, 1966 |
Context: Boston has a continental climate with some maritime influence, and using the −3 °C (27 °F) coldest month (January) isotherm, the city lies within the transition zone from a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) to a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), although the suburbs north and west of the city are significantly colder in winter and solidly fall under the latter categorization; the city lies at the transition between USDA plant hardiness zones 6b (most of the city) and 7a (Downtown, South Boston, and East Boston neighborhoods). Summers are typically warm to hot, rainy, and humid, while winters oscillate between periods of cold rain and snow, with cold temperatures. Spring and fall are usually mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction and jet stream positioning. Prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. The hottest month is July, with a mean temperature of 73.4 °F (23.0 °C). The coldest month is January, with a mean of 29.0 °F (−1.7 °C). Periods exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) in summer and below freezing in winter are not uncommon but rarely extended, with about 13 and 25 days per year seeing each, respectively. The most recent sub-0 °F (−18 °C) reading occurring on February 14, 2016 when the temperature dipped down to −9 °F (−23 °C), the coldest reading since 1957. In addition, several decades may pass between 100 °F (38 °C) readings, with the most recent such occurrence on July 22, 2011 when the temperature reached 103 °F (39 °C). The city's average window for freezing temperatures is November 9 through April 5.[c] Official temperature records have ranged from −18 °F (−28 °C) on February 9, 1934, up to 104 °F (40 °C) on July 4, 1911; the record cold daily maximum is 2 °F (−17 °C) on December 30, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 83 °F (28 °C) on August 2, 1975.
Question: Most of the city lies in which USDA plant hardiness zone?
Answer: 6b
Question: What minimizes the influence of the Atlantic ocean on Bostons weather?
Answer: Prevailing wind patterns
Question: What is the hottest month in Boston?
Answer: July
Question: What is the coldest month in Boston?
Answer: January |
Context: The standard PlayStation 3 version of the XrossMediaBar (pronounced Cross Media Bar, or abbreviated XMB) includes nine categories of options. These are: Users, Settings, Photo, Music, Video, TV/Video Services, Game, Network, PlayStation Network and Friends (similar to the PlayStation Portable media bar). TheTV/Video Services category is for services like Netflix and/or if PlayTV or torne is installed; the first category in this section is "My Channels", which lets users download various streaming services, including Sony's own streaming services Crackle and PlayStation Vue. By default, the What's New section of PlayStation Network is displayed when the system starts up. PS3 includes the ability to store various master and secondary user profiles, manage and explore photos with or without a musical slide show, play music and copy audio CD tracks to an attached data storage device, play movies and video files from the hard disk drive, an optical disc (Blu-ray Disc or DVD-Video) or an optional USB mass storage or Flash card, compatibility for a USB keyboard and mouse and a web browser supporting compatible-file download function. Additionally, UPnP media will appear in the respective audio/video/photo categories if a compatible media server or DLNA server is detected on the local network. The Friends menu allows mail with emoticon and attached picture features and video chat which requires an optional PlayStation Eye or EyeToy webcam. The Network menu allows online shopping through the PlayStation Store and connectivity to PlayStation Portable via Remote Play.
Question: How is "XrossMediaBar" abbreviated?
Answer: XMB
Question: How many options categories display in the standard PS3 XrossMediaBar?
Answer: nine
Question: One of Sony's streaming services is the PlayStation Vue; what's the other one called?
Answer: Crackle
Question: When you start up your PS3, what's the first section of the PS Network you see?
Answer: What's New
Question: What menu would you use to set up a video chat?
Answer: Friends
Question: What is displayed when the system shuts down?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: PS4 is able to store what kind of profiles?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: PS4 has what kind of optional storage?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: PS4 is compatible with what kind of keyboard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is "XrossMediaBar" unabbreviated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many options categories display in the standard PS4 XrossMediaBar?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: One of Sony's streaming services is the PlayStation Rue; what's the other one called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When you start up your PS3, what's the last section of the PS Network you see?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What menu would you use to set up an audio chat?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Tucson is known for being a trailblazer in voluntary partial publicly financed campaigns. Since 1985, both mayoral and council candidates have been eligible to receive matching public funds from the city. To become eligible, council candidates must receive 200 donations of $10 or more (300 for a mayoral candidate). Candidates must then agree to spending limits equal to 33¢ for every registered Tucson voter, or $79,222 in 2005 (the corresponding figures for mayor are 64¢ per registered voter, or $142,271 in 2003). In return, candidates receive matching funds from the city at a 1:1 ratio of public money to private donations. The only other limitation is that candidates may not exceed 75% of the limit by the date of the primary. Many cities, such as San Francisco and New York City, have copied this system, albeit with more complex spending and matching formulas.
Question: When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding?
Answer: 1985
Question: What is the spending limit for Tucson city council candidates to get public funding?
Answer: 33¢ for every registered Tucson voter
Question: What is the spending limit for Tucson mayoral candidates to get public funding?
Answer: 64¢ per registered voter
Question: What major cities later adopted Tucson's city council public funding system?
Answer: San Francisco and New York City
Question: How many $10+ donations must Tucson city council candidates receive to get public funding?
Answer: 200 |
Context: A three-year civil war followed his death. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), a kingdom between the Rhine and Rhone rivers was created for Lothair to go with his lands in Italy, and his imperial title was recognised. Louis the German was in control of Bavaria and the eastern lands in modern-day Germany. Charles the Bald received the western Frankish lands, comprising most of modern-day France. Charlemagne's grandsons and great-grandsons divided their kingdoms between their descendants, eventually causing all internal cohesion to be lost.[N] In 987 the Carolingian dynasty was replaced in the western lands, with the crowning of Hugh Capet (r. 987–996) as king.[O][P] In the eastern lands the dynasty had died out earlier, in 911, with the death of Louis the Child, and the selection of the unrelated Conrad I (r. 911–918) as king.
Question: How many years did the civil war after the death of Louis the Pious last?
Answer: three
Question: Between what two rivers did Lothair receive a kingdom?
Answer: the Rhine and Rhone
Question: In what modern country were Louis the German's lands?
Answer: Germany
Question: In what modern country were Charles the Bald's lands?
Answer: France
Question: When did Louis the Child die?
Answer: 911 |
Context: In recent years significant quantities of offshore natural gas have been discovered in the area known as Aphrodite in Cyprus' exclusive economic zone (EEZ), about 175 kilometres (109 miles) south of Limassol at 33°5′40″N and 32°59′0″E. However, Turkey's offshore drilling companies have accessed both natural gas and oil resources since 2013. Cyprus demarcated its maritime border with Egypt in 2003, and with Lebanon in 2007. Cyprus and Israel demarcated their maritime border in 2010, and in August 2011, the US-based firm Noble Energy entered into a production-sharing agreement with the Cypriot government regarding the block's commercial development.
Question: What resource has been discovered offshore in recent years?
Answer: natural gas
Question: With what two countries did Cyprus first demarcate its maritime border?
Answer: Egypt in 2003, and with Lebanon in 2007
Question: Which country did Cyprus demarcate its maritime border in 2010?
Answer: Israel
Question: What is the name of the US-based firm in a production-sharing agreement with Cyprus?
Answer: Noble Energy |
Context: A molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fatty acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically found as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturated depending on the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains bonded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the location of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds; these are rare in nature and in foods from natural sources; they are typically created in an industrial process called (partial) hydrogenation. There are nine kilocalories in each gram of fat. Fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid, catalpic acid, eleostearic acid and punicic acid, in addition to providing energy, represent potent immune modulatory molecules.
Question: Dietary fat can be said to consist of fatty acids bonded to which molecule?
Answer: glycerol
Question: How many glycerol backbones does a triglyceride contain?
Answer: one
Question: What needs to be examined to determine whether a fat can be classified as saturated or unsaturated?
Answer: the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved
Question: Which element is present that is bonded to all of the carbons in a saturated fat?
Answer: hydrogen
Question: What kind of fat can a trans fat be categorized as?
Answer: unsaturated fat |
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