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Context: In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories, which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part.
Question: RAM cache memory is slower than what?
Answer: registers |
Context: Several churches and monasteries were built inside, or close to, the city of Utrecht. The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress. The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire. The choir and transept were finished from 1320 and were followed then by the ambitious Dom tower. The last part to be constructed was the central nave, from 1420. By that time, however, the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished, the construction of the central nave being suspended before the planned flying buttresses could be finished. Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht: St. Salvator's Church (demolished in the 16th century), on the Dom square, dating back to the early 8th century. Saint John (Janskerk), originating in 1040; Saint Peter, building started in 1039 and Saint Mary's church building started around 1090 (demolished in the early 19th century, cloister survives). Besides these churches the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.
Question: What was the Most dominant Cathedral in Utrecht
Answer: The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress
Question: What began in 1254
Answer: The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire
Question: Was the cathedral finished
Answer: the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished
Question: How many collegiate churches existed in Utecht besides the cathedral
Answer: Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht
Question: What else was housed in the city
Answer: the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.
Question: What was Utrecht built around?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: construction on what church began in the 12th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of the Chathedral of Saint Martin was finished in the 13th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was construction completed on the Cathedral of Saint Martin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What church were demolished in the 1600's
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Crimean War (1853–1856) was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. The financial burden of the war led the Ottoman state to issue foreign loans amounting to 5 million pounds sterling on 4 August 1854. The war caused an exodus of the Crimean Tatars, about 200,000 of whom moved to the Ottoman Empire in continuing waves of emigration. Toward the end of the Caucasian Wars, 90% of the Circassians were ethnically cleansed and exiled from their homelands in the Caucasus and fled to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the settlement of 500,000 to 700,000 Circassians in Turkey.[page needed] Some Circassian organisations give much higher numbers, totaling 1–1.5 million deported or killed.
Question: During what years did the Crimean War take place?
Answer: 1853–1856
Question: On what date did the Ottoman empire issue foreign loans to deal with the cost of the war?
Answer: 4 August 1854
Question: Roughly 200,000 individuals of what group left Crimea during the war?
Answer: Crimean Tatars
Question: Roughly 90% of what group were pushed from their homes or ethnically cleansed during the Caucasian Wars?
Answer: Circassians
Question: Where did Circassians settle to when leaving their homes in the Caucasus?
Answer: Turkey |
Context: These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste. Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves.
Question: What is sulfate-reducing bacteria accountable for?
Answer: the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury
Question: What is the by-product of non-repiratory anaerobes?
Answer: ethanol
Question: How can anaerobes adjust to the surrounding environment?
Answer: can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors |
Context: In 2008 renewable energy accounted for 8% of the country's total energy consumption, a rise from the 7.2% it accounted for in 2006, but still below the EU average of 10% in 2008. 10% of the country's renewable energy comes from solar power, while most comes from biomass and waste recycling. In line with the European Commission's Directive on Renewable Energy, Greece aims to get 18% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020. In 2013 and for several months, Greece produced more than 20% of its electricity from renewable energy sources and hydroelectric power plants. Greece currently does not have any nuclear power plants in operation, however in 2009 the Academy of Athens suggested that research in the possibility of Greek nuclear power plants begin.
Question: How much of Greece's energy consumption came from renewable sources in 2008?
Answer: 8%
Question: What was EU average amount of energy from renewable sources in 2008?
Answer: 10%
Question: Where does most of Greece's renewable energy come from?
Answer: biomass and waste recycling
Question: How much of Greece's energy is targeted to be from renewable sources by 2020?
Answer: 18%
Question: Who suggested research into the possibility of a Greek nuclear power plant should begin?
Answer: Academy of Athens
Question: How much of Greece's energy consumption was eliminated from renewable sources in 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was EU's lowest amount of energy from renewable sources in 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is most of Greece's renewable energy ruined?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much of Greece's energy is targeted to be reduced from renewable sources by 2020?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who suggested research into the possibility of a Greek nuclear power plant should end?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. The year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.
Question: What has been the primary purpose of wood for millennia other than fuel?
Answer: construction material
Question: What is often made of wood that provides shelter to people?
Answer: houses
Question: For clues about the climate of a place, we can look at variation in isotopic abundances or what other thing?
Answer: tree-ring widths
Question: What could be made out of wood that could be used to fight off attackers?
Answer: weapons
Question: What category of items often constructed from wood does a chair belong to?
Answer: furniture |
Context: Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.
Question: After her second solo album, what other entertainment venture did Beyonce explore?
Answer: acting
Question: Which artist did Beyonce marry?
Answer: Jay Z
Question: To set the record for Grammys, how many did Beyonce win?
Answer: six
Question: For what movie did Beyonce receive her first Golden Globe nomination?
Answer: Dreamgirls
Question: When did Beyonce take a hiatus in her career and take control of her management?
Answer: 2010
Question: Which album was darker in tone from her previous work?
Answer: Beyoncé
Question: After what movie portraying Etta James, did Beyonce create Sasha Fierce?
Answer: Cadillac Records
Question: When did Destiny's Child end their group act?
Answer: June 2005
Question: What was the name of Beyoncé's second solo album?
Answer: B'Day
Question: What was Beyoncé's first acting job, in 2006?
Answer: Dreamgirls
Question: Who is Beyoncé married to?
Answer: Jay Z
Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's alter-ego?
Answer: Sasha Fierce |
Context: The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.
Question: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?
Answer: Bermuda
Question: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?
Answer: Cape Hatteras
Question: Who was the first governor of Charleston?
Answer: William Sayle
Question: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?
Answer: Earl of Shaftesbury
Question: The settlement was relocated east to what river?
Answer: Ashley River
Question: Where did Charleston's original settlers not come from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Bermuda is located near which South Carolina town?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the last governor of Charleston?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'weak port towne'?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The settlement was relocated west to what river?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, more often through monetary, while, parochialism which is also known as parish pump politics relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest.For instance in Irish politics, populist left wing political parties will often apply these terms to mainstream establisment political parties and will cite the many cases of Corruption in Ireland, such as the Irish Banking crisis, which found evidence of bribery, cronyism and collusion, where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with.
Question: What is it called when a person is dishonest or corrupt for his own gain?
Answer: Gombeenism
Question: Parish pump politics is also called what?
Answer: parochialism
Question: Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion?
Answer: Irish Banking crisis
Question: Politicians who were at the end of their political careers were offered what kind of position with companies they were involved with politically?
Answer: senior management or committee position |
Context: Natural phonology is a theory based on the publications of its proponent David Stampe in 1969 and (more explicitly) in 1979. In this view, phonology is based on a set of universal phonological processes that interact with one another; which ones are active and which are suppressed is language-specific. Rather than acting on segments, phonological processes act on distinctive features within prosodic groups. Prosodic groups can be as small as a part of a syllable or as large as an entire utterance. Phonological processes are unordered with respect to each other and apply simultaneously (though the output of one process may be the input to another). The second most prominent natural phonologist is Patricia Donegan (Stampe's wife); there are many natural phonologists in Europe, and a few in the U.S., such as Geoffrey Nathan. The principles of natural phonology were extended to morphology by Wolfgang U. Dressler, who founded natural morphology.
Question: Whose publications started the theory of Natural phonology?
Answer: David Stampe
Question: According to Stampe what is phonology based on?
Answer: a set of universal phonological processes
Question: Aside from being active what other condition can the universal phonological processes exist in?
Answer: suppressed
Question: Who is the number two natural phonologist?
Answer: Patricia Donegan
Question: Who was the founder of natural morphology?
Answer: Wolfgang U. Dressler
Question: Whose publications started the theory of universal input?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: According to Stampe what is universal input based on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Aside from being active what other condition can the natural morphology exist in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is the number two universal processor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the founder of active utterance?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many of these technologies, such as the Media space, are not as widely used today as videoconferencing but were still an important area of research. The first dedicated systems started to appear in the market as ISDN networks were expanding throughout the world. One of the first commercial videoconferencing systems sold to companies came from PictureTel Corp., which had an Initial Public Offering in November, 1984.
Question: In what decade was digital telephony transmission made possible?
Answer: the 1980s
Question: What is the minimum bit rate for compressed video and audio transmission?
Answer: 128 kilobits/s
Question: What is an example of an early form of digital video and audio communication?
Answer: the Media space
Question: In what form did the first dedicated videoconferencing system appear as?
Answer: ISDN networks
Question: What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system?
Answer: PictureTel Corp.
Question: When did video and audio transmission come into being?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In November, 1984, what else was being researched?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other minimum bit rate is not as widely used as videoconferencing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What started to appear as the Media space was expanding world wide?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did the first compressed video transmission that was sold sold come from?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit. Some of these dielectrics are polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3. Well known pre-preg materials used in the PCB industry are FR-2 (phenolic cotton paper), FR-3 (cotton paper and epoxy), FR-4 (woven glass and epoxy), FR-5 (woven glass and epoxy), FR-6 (matte glass and polyester), G-10 (woven glass and epoxy), CEM-1 (cotton paper and epoxy), CEM-2 (cotton paper and epoxy), CEM-3 (non-woven glass and epoxy), CEM-4 (woven glass and epoxy), CEM-5 (woven glass and polyester). Thermal expansion is an important consideration especially with ball grid array (BGA) and naked die technologies, and glass fiber offers the best dimensional stability.
Question: What's the common name of polytetrafluoroethylene?
Answer: Teflon
Question: What pre-preg material is designated by "FR-2"?
Answer: phenolic cotton paper
Question: To what type of packaging is thermal expansion particularly critical?
Answer: ball grid array
Question: What material delivers optimum dimensional stability?
Answer: glass fiber
Question: What dielectric is matte glass and polyester?
Answer: FR-6
Question: Thermal closure is an important what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: There is only one dielectric that can be chosen to do what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: FR-A is one of the what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The ball gasket array (BGA) is an important what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: An unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[citation needed] Familicide was frequently deployed in obtaining power and can be traced particularly during the time of the Yaroslavichi rule (sons of Yaroslav) when the established system was skipped in the establishment of Vladimir II Monomakh as the Grand Prince of Kiev,[clarification needed] in turn creating major squabbles between Olegovichi from Chernihiv, Monomakhs from Pereyaslav, Izyaslavichi from Turov/Volhynia, and Polotsk Princes.[citation needed]
Question: What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented?
Answer: rota system
Question: What did the rota system do?
Answer: power was transferred to the eldest member
Question: What was often deployed when trying to gain power?
Answer: Familicide
Question: What was the name of the conventional system that was implemented?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the rota system not do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was not deployed when trying to gain power?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who developed familicide?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who improved relations between the Olegovichi and Monomakhs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On August 23, 1991,[a] Nintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a redesigned version of the Super Famicom, in North America for US$199. The SNES was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland in April 1992 for GB£150, with a German release following a few weeks later. Most of the PAL region versions of the console use the Japanese Super Famicom design, except for labeling and the length of the joypad leads. The Playtronic Super NES in Brazil, although PAL, uses the North American design. Both the NES and SNES were released in Brazil in 1993 by Playtronic, a joint venture between the toy company Estrela and consumer electronics company Gradiente.
Question: How much did the SNES cost in the US?
Answer: US$199
Question: How much did the SNES cost in the UK?
Answer: GB£150
Question: When was the SNES released in the UK?
Answer: April 1992
Question: When was the SNES released in Brazil?
Answer: 1993
Question: Which company distributed the SNES in Brazil?
Answer: Playtronic
Question: What was a redesign of the Super NES?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did the Super Famicom cost in Germany?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did the Playtronic cost in the UK and Ireland?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of design did the Playtronic Super NES use in Ireland?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What venture released the Super Famicom in Brazil in 1991?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In a channel transupport system, several proteins form a contiguous channel traversing the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria. It is a simple system, which consists of only three protein subunits: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify]. This secretion system transports various molecules, from ions, drugs, to proteins of various sizes (20 - 900 kDa). The molecules secreted vary in size from the small Escherichia coli peptide colicin V, (10 kDa) to the Pseudomonas fluorescens cell adhesion protein LapA of 900 kDa.
Question: What happens in a chennel transupport system?
Answer: several proteins form a contiguous channel traversing the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria
Question: What three protien subunites are in the chennel transupport system?
Answer: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify]
Question: What does this secretion system transport?
Answer: various molecules, from ions, drugs, to proteins of various sizes |
Context: Many of London's pubs are known to have been used by famous people, but in some cases, such as the association between Samuel Johnson and Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese, this is speculative, based on little more than the fact that the person is known to have lived nearby. However, Charles Dickens is known to have visited the Cheshire Cheese, the Prospect of Whitby, Ye Olde Cock Tavern and many others. Samuel Pepys is also associated with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cock Tavern.
Question: What pub was associated with Samuel Johnson, perhaps erroneously?
Answer: Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese
Question: Along with the Prospect of Whitby, what pub was Samuel Pepys associated with?
Answer: the Cock Tavern
Question: What writer was known to visit both the Cheshire Cheese and the Prospect of Whitby?
Answer: Charles Dickens
Question: Along with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cheshire Cheese, what pub did Dickens visit?
Answer: Ye Olde Cock Tavern |
Context: The first large, diverse lineage of short-tailed avialans to evolve were the enantiornithes, or "opposite birds", so named because the construction of their shoulder bones was in reverse to that of modern birds. Enantiornithes occupied a wide array of ecological niches, from sand-probing shorebirds and fish-eaters to tree-dwelling forms and seed-eaters. While they were the dominant group of avialans during the Cretaceous period, enantiornithes became extinct along with many other dinosaur groups at the end of the Mesozoic era.
Question: What were the first large, diverse lineage of short-tailed avialans to evolve?
Answer: enantiornithes
Question: Because of the construction of their shoulder bones, what were the enantiornithes called?
Answer: opposite birds
Question: What was the dominant group of avialans during the Cretaceous period?
Answer: enantiornithes
Question: When did enantiornithes become extinct?
Answer: end of the Mesozoic era |
Context: In practical terms, a computer program may be just a few instructions or extend to many millions of instructions, as do the programs for word processors and web browsers for example. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions per second (gigaflops) and rarely makes a mistake over many years of operation. Large computer programs consisting of several million instructions may take teams of programmers years to write, and due to the complexity of the task almost certainly contain errors.
Question: Billions of instructions per second are called what in computer terms?
Answer: (gigaflops) |
Context: The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.
Question: What kind of infringement resulted from sharing MP3s?
Answer: copyright
Question: What name did the record companies associate with MP3 file sharing?
Answer: music piracy
Question: Who was the target of the record companies?
Answer: Napster
Question: What happened to Napster?
Answer: shut down and later sold |
Context: The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay south and southwest of the Thames; and the smallest, Kentish region lay southeast of the Thames, a small corner of England. The Kentish region, settled by the Jutes from Jutland, has the scantiest literary remains.
Question: Along with West Saxon, Northumbrian and Mercian, what was one of the four main dialects of Old English?
Answer: Kentish
Question: What is a term that collectively refers to Northumbrian and Mercian?
Answer: Anglian
Question: Geographically, what river was Northumbria north of?
Answer: Humber
Question: What river was the Mercian region south of?
Answer: Humber
Question: Which of the Old English dialects covered the smallest geograhical region?
Answer: Kentish
Question: What were the four main dialects of Old German?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two dialects were replaced with Anglian?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What region was south of the Thames and north of the Humber River?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What region has the most literary remains?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono said that women were coerced into brothels run by Japan's wartime military. Other Japanese leaders have apologized, including former Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in 2001. In 2007, then-Prime Minister Shinzō Abe claimed: "The fact is, there is no evidence to prove there was coercion."
Question: How many women are believed to have been sexual slaves for the Japenese Army?
Answer: 200,000
Question: In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal?
Answer: 35
Question: In 2001 which Japanese Prime <Minister apologized for the brothels.
Answer: Junichiro Koizumi
Question: In 2007 which Japenese Prime Minister said there was no proof of coercion of women to be sexual slaves?
Answer: Shinzō Abe
Question: Where were the sexual slave women mostly from?
Answer: Korea and China |
Context: After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships. Under Compton’s leadership, enrollment at the University grew dramatically, fueled primarily by World War II veterans' use of their GI Bill benefits.
Question: What role did Arthur Holly Compton serve at Washington University?
Answer: chancellor
Question: Who reestablished Washington University's football team?
Answer: Arthur Holly Compton
Question: What helped lead to the increase of enrollment at Washington University during Arthur Holly Compton's term as chancellor?
Answer: World War II veterans' use of their GI Bill benefits
Question: What declaration did Arthur Holly Compton make about athletics at Washington University?
Answer: athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" basis with no athletic scholarships.
Question: Where did Arthur Holly Compton work before returning to Washington University?
Answer: the University of Chicago
Question: Who was Washington University's eight chancellor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Washington University's first football program get shut down?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did World War II start?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What position did Arthur Holly Compton have at the University of Chicago?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the University of Chicago get founded?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.
Question: By 1931, what percentage of the world’s Jews were Ashkenazi Jews?
Answer: 92 percent
Question: From the 11th century until 1931, the population of Ashkenazi Jews grew by what percent?
Answer: three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent
Question: Who made rough calculations and implied that Ashkenazi Jews make up less than 74% of the Jewish population worldwide?
Answer: Sergio DellaPergola
Question: The present-day population of Ashkenazi Jews is thought to be between which two numbers?
Answer: 10 million and 11.2 million
Question: How many Jews were there in the world just prior to the Holocaust?
Answer: 16.7 million |
Context: The Russians eventually offered battle outside Moscow on 7 September: the Battle of Borodino resulted in approximately 44,000 Russian and 35,000 French dead, wounded or captured, and may have been the bloodiest day of battle in history up to that point in time. Although the French had won, the Russian army had accepted, and withstood, the major battle Napoleon had hoped would be decisive. Napoleon's own account was: "The most terrible of all my battles was the one before Moscow. The French showed themselves to be worthy of victory, but the Russians showed themselves worthy of being invincible."
Question: Outside what city did the Battle of Borodino occur?
Answer: Moscow
Question: On what date did the Battle of Borodino take place?
Answer: 7 September
Question: Approximately how many Russians were hurt, killed, or captured in the Battle of Borodino?
Answer: 44,000
Question: Around how many French were killed, injured, or taken prisoner in the Battle of Borodino?
Answer: 35,000
Question: Who won the Battle of Borodino?
Answer: the French |
Context: In the early 1880s, Kanehiro Takaki observed that Japanese sailors (whose diets consisted almost entirely of white rice) developed beriberi (or endemic neuritis, a disease causing heart problems and paralysis), but British sailors and Japanese naval officers did not. Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the diets of Japanese sailors prevented the disease, (not because of the increased protein as Takaki supposed but because it introduced a few parts per million of thiamine to the diet, later understood as a cure).
Question: What was the main component of Japanese sailor's diet?
Answer: white rice
Question: What is the scientific term for beriberi?
Answer: endemic neuritis
Question: What major symptom other than heart problems did beriberi cause?
Answer: paralysis
Question: Who made the observation that the Japanese sailor's diet was the cause for them developing beriberi?
Answer: Kanehiro Takaki
Question: What was introduced to the diet on a molecular level that prevented the sailors from contracting the disease?
Answer: thiamine |
Context: Constantius, renewing his previous policies favoring the Arians, banished Athanasius from Alexandria once again. This was followed, in 356, by an attempt to arrest Athanasius during a vigil service. Athanasius fled to Upper Egypt, where he stayed in several monasteries and other houses. During this period, Athanasius completed his work Four Orations against the Arians and defended his own recent conduct in the Apology to Constantius and Apology for His Flight. Constantius's persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the new Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist.
Question: Who had a policy of condemning Athanasius?
Answer: the Arians
Question: What was Athanasius doing the next time an arrest was attempted?
Answer: a vigil service
Question: Where did Athanasius flee to after this attempt?
Answer: Upper Egypt
Question: What did he write during this time?
Answer: Four Orations against the Arians
Question: In which work did he refer to Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist?
Answer: History of the Arians
Question: Who had a policy of agreeing with Athanasius?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Athanasius doing the first time an arrest was attempted?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Athanasius flee to before this attempt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did he paint during this time?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as Mormon missionaries. (Men typically serve for two-years, while women serve for 18 months.) An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, since "a significant portion" of the cost of operating the university is subsidized by the church's tithing funds.
Question: For what reason to many student's postpone their enrollment to BYU?
Answer: to serve as Mormon missionaries
Question: What is the source of much of BYU's funding?
Answer: the church's tithing funds
Question: How many women at BYU do missionary work?
Answer: 33 percent
Question: What is the average amount of time men serve as missionaries?
Answer: two-years
Question: What is the basis of the behavioral code at BYU?
Answer: LDS teachings
Question: What is a significant portion of the BYU's operating costs subsidized by?
Answer: the church's tithing funds
Question: What percentage of men delay their BYU enrollment to serve as a Mormon missionary?
Answer: 88
Question: What percentage of women delay their BYU enrollment to serve as a Mormon missionary?
Answer: 33
Question: How does the cost of attending BYU compare to the cost of attending similar universities?
Answer: less expensive
Question: What do all students at BYU agree to abstain from consuming?
Answer: drugs and alcohol
Question: What do 33% of male students do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do 88% of female students do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do men typically spend 18 months doing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do women typically spend 24 months doing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do subsidized funds do to the cost of an education at BYU?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Newtown Creek, a 3.5-mile (6-kilometer) a long estuary that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities. One of the most heavily used bodies of water in the Port of New York and New Jersey, it had been one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country, containing years of discarded toxins, an estimated 30 million US gallons (110,000 m3) of spilled oil, including the Greenpoint oil spill, raw sewage from New York City's sewer system, and other accumulation.
Question: How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?
Answer: 6
Question: How many cubic meters of oil is supposed to be in Newtown Creek?
Answer: 110,000
Question: What notable accidental fossil fuel discharge occurred at Newtown Creek?
Answer: the Greenpoint oil spill |
Context: Capacity building is an ongoing problem experienced by NPOs for a number of reasons. Most rely on external funding (government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations) to maintain their operations and changes in these sources of revenue may influence the reliability or predictability with which the organization can hire and retain staff, sustain facilities, create programs, or maintain tax-exempt status. For example, a university that sells research to for-profit companies may have tax exemption problems. In addition, unreliable funding, long hours and low pay can result in employee retention problems. During 2009, the US government acknowledged this critical need by the inclusion of the Nonprofit Capacity Building Program in the Serve America Act. Further efforts to quantify the scope of the sector and propose policy solutions for community benefit were included in the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act, proposed during 2010.
Question: What are ways that a charitable foundation receives money for it's cause?
Answer: government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations
Question: What type of funding do charitable organizations typically rely on?
Answer: external funding
Question: What are some problems that affect employee retention and volunteers?
Answer: unreliable funding, long hours and low pay
Question: What legislation did the US introduce to try and help the NPOs?
Answer: Nonprofit Capacity Building Program
Question: When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted?
Answer: 2010
Question: Who is external funding an ongoing problem for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What problem did NPO's have in 2010?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are some things that affect government funds and grants?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did organizations take part in proposing in 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are two areas that experience problems when Community Solutions has a change in funding?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptures, where Israel offered praise with instruments by God's own command (2 Chronicles 29:25). The shofar is the only temple instrument still being used today in the synagogue, and it is only used from Rosh Chodesh Elul through the end of Yom Kippur. The shofar is used by itself, without any vocal accompaniment, and is limited to a very strictly defined set of sounds and specific places in the synagogue service.
Question: What is the name of the philosopher who praised music without instruments?
Answer: Philo
Question: What did Philo's views on the absence of instruments clash with?
Answer: Jewish scriptures
Question: What is the one instrument still in use today by the synagogue?
Answer: shofar
Question: The shofar stops being used at the end of what Jewish event?
Answer: Yom Kippur
Question: How is the shofar used?
Answer: by itself, without any vocal accompaniment
Question: Who popularized Greek chant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Philo promote in 20 BCE?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who taught that a capella was the best form of whorship?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who commanded Christians to offer praise with instruments?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of accompaniment is used with the shofar?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Greek philosopher Philo born?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Jewish chant is still being used today in the synagogue?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During what periods of time is silent singing used in the synagogue?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is silent singing used when practiced in a synagogue service?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Rosh Chodesh Elul write about that became popular?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Capacitors, especially ceramic capacitors, and older designs such as paper capacitors, can absorb sound waves resulting in a microphonic effect. Vibration moves the plates, causing the capacitance to vary, in turn inducing AC current. Some dielectrics also generate piezoelectricity. The resulting interference is especially problematic in audio applications, potentially causing feedback or unintended recording. In the reverse microphonic effect, the varying electric field between the capacitor plates exerts a physical force, moving them as a speaker. This can generate audible sound, but drains energy and stresses the dielectric and the electrolyte, if any.
Question: What is the effect called when capacitors absorb sound waves?
Answer: microphonic effect
Question: What value of a capacitor is varied when vibration moves the conducting plates?
Answer: the capacitance
Question: What sort of current is induced when the capacitance of a capacitor is altered?
Answer: AC current
Question: In what type of applications is piezeoelectricity especially problematic?
Answer: audio applications
Question: What is it called when a changing electric field existing between the conductive plates of a capacitor physically moves them?
Answer: the reverse microphonic effect
Question: What is the effect called when capacitors don't absorb sound waves?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What value of a capacitor is not varied when vibration moves the conducting plates?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What sort of current is induced when the capacitance of a capacitor is unaltered?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what type of applications is piezeoelectricity never problematic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is it called when a changing electric field existing between the conductive plates of a capacitor keeps them still?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as "The Biggest Picture Ever Made." Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up "Camp Hollywood" in Northwest Alaska, where they lived during the duration of the filming. Louis B. Mayer spared no expense in spite of the remote location, going so far as to hire the chef from the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood to prepare meals.
Question: Which Alaskan native starred in a film also set in Alaska?
Answer: Ray Mala
Question: Where did actors on the set of The Magnificent live during their stay in Alaska?
Answer: "Camp Hollywood"
Question: In what area of Alaska was Camp Hollywood located?
Answer: Northwest
Question: Which chef was hired to prepare meals for the actors in The Magnificent?
Answer: from the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood
Question: Which Alaskan native starred in a film not set in Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: here didn't actors on the set of The Magnificent live during their stay in Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what area of Alaska wasn't Camp Hollywood located?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what area of Alaska was Camp Alaska located?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which chef was fired to prepare meals for the actors in The Magnificent?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Unlike animals, many plant cells, particularly those of the parenchyma, do not terminally differentiate, remaining totipotent with the ability to give rise to a new individual plant. Exceptions include highly lignified cells, the sclerenchyma and xylem which are dead at maturity, and the phloem sieve tubes which lack nuclei. While plants use many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, an alternative hypothesis is that plants set their gene expression patterns using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their developmental fate.
Question: Does cell division end in plants?
Answer: remaining totipotent
Question: What happens when a plant remains totipotent?
Answer: ability to give rise to a new individual plant
Question: Why do phloem sieve tubes stop forming?
Answer: lack nuclei
Question: Why are plants able to stop and start dividing cells?
Answer: information from the environment
Question: Are lignified cells able to continue dividing?
Answer: dead at maturity |
Context: The rivalries between the Arab tribes had caused unrest in the provinces outside Syria, most notably in the Second Muslim Civil War of 680–692 CE and the Berber Revolt of 740–743 CE. During the Second Civil War, leadership of the Umayyad clan shifted from the Sufyanid branch of the family to the Marwanid branch. As the constant campaigning exhausted the resources and manpower of the state, the Umayyads, weakened by the Third Muslim Civil War of 744–747 CE, were finally toppled by the Abbasid Revolution in 750 CE/132 AH. A branch of the family fled across North Africa to Al-Andalus, where they established the Caliphate of Córdoba, which lasted until 1031 before falling due to the Fitna of al-Ándalus.
Question: In what year CE did the Second Muslim Civil War end?
Answer: 692
Question: During what period did the Berber Revolt occur?
Answer: 740–743 CE
Question: What branch took over Umayyad leadership during the Second Civil War?
Answer: Marwanid
Question: What caused unrest in the provinces inside Syria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what years did the First Muslim Civil War occur?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did leadership shift from the Marwanid branch to the Sufyanid branch?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was the Caliphate of Cordoba started?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What war strengthened the Umayyads?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers. At one point, its product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names. These models competed against Macintosh clones, hardware manufactured by third parties that ran Apple's System 7. This succeeded in increasing the Macintosh's market share somewhat, and provided cheaper hardware for consumers, but hurt Apple financially as existing Apple customers began to buy cheaper clones which cannibalized the sales of Apple's higher-margin Macintosh systems, yet Apple still shouldered the burden of developing the Mac OS platform.
Question: What did Apple's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?
Answer: confused potential buyers
Question: What was the hardware manufactured by third parties for Apple's System 7 known as?
Answer: Macintosh clones
Question: What did the Macintosh clones provide for consumers?
Answer: cheaper hardware
Question: What did Macintosh clones succeed in increasing for Macintosh?
Answer: market share
Question: Who did the Macintosh clones hurt financially?
Answer: Apple
Question: What did Microsoft's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the hardware manufactured by third parties for Apple's System 6 known as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Microsoft clones provide for consumers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Macintosh clones succeed in decreasing for Macintosh?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did the Macintosh clones help financially?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Astronomy: The first textual mention of astronomical concepts comes from the Vedas, religious literature of India. According to Sarma (2008): "One finds in the Rigveda intelligent speculations about the genesis of the universe from nonexistence, the configuration of the universe, the spherical self-supporting earth, and the year of 360 days divided into 12 equal parts of 30 days each with a periodical intercalary month.". The first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani, written by Bhāskara in the 12th century, cover topics such as: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies; lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; conjunctions of the planets with each other; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars; and the patas of the sun and moon. The 13 chapters of the second part cover the nature of the sphere, as well as significant astronomical and trigonometric calculations based on it.
Question: Which text was the first to have concepts of astronomy in it?
Answer: the Vedas
Question: Who wrote the first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani?
Answer: Bhāskara
Question: In what time period was the Siddhanta Shiromani written?
Answer: 12th century
Question: The second section of the Siddhanta Shiromani has how many chapters?
Answer: 13
Question: What topic does the second part of the Siddhanta Shiromani contain?
Answer: the nature of the sphere |
Context: In a series of famous papers, von Neumann made spectacular contributions to measure theory. The work of Banach had implied that the problem of measure has a positive solution if n = 1 or n = 2 and a negative solution in all other cases. Von Neumann's work argued that the "problem is essentially group-theoretic in character, and that, in particular, for the solvability of the problem of measure the ordinary algebraic concept of solvability of a group is relevant. Thus, according to von Neumann, it is the change of group that makes a difference, not the change of space."
Question: In what way did von Neumann make spectacular contributions to measure theory?
Answer: In a series of famous papers
Question: What concept was relevant to the solvability of the problem of measure?
Answer: algebraic concept of solvability of a group is relevant
Question: According to von Neumann what is the most important part of the problem of measure?
Answer: change of group that makes a difference, not the change of space |
Context: The Hanoverian king George II of Great Britain was passionately devoted to his family’s continental holdings, but his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas. If war against France for colonial expansion was to be resumed, then Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack. France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain, but it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.
Question: What was the house of king George II?
Answer: Hanover
Question: Name two diverse geographies that king George II had to protect.
Answer: his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas
Question: How anxious was France to assist Prussia to take over Hanover?
Answer: it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.
Question: Why would France want to invade Hanover?
Answer: France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain
Question: What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed?
Answer: Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack |
Context: Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".
Question: What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?
Answer: tuberculosis
Question: What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics?
Answer: overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance
Question: In which century were antibiotics first introduced?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
Answer: World Health Organization
Question: What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics?
Answer: anyone, of any age, in any country
Question: In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine?
Answer: 20th
Question: What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis?
Answer: vaccination
Question: What does there medicines do for livestock?
Answer: develop resistance
Question: What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??
Answer: World Health Organization
Question: Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause?
Answer: antibiotic resistance
Question: When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?
Answer: develop resistance
Question: What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?
Answer: World Health Organization
Question: What regions in the world does this apply in?
Answer: every region of the world
Question: When were antibiotics created?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?
Answer: tuberculosis
Question: Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?
Answer: livestock raising
Question: What is a common problem in antibiotic use?
Answer: antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
Question: What is one disease that has been widespread thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one issue that can arise from overuse of predictions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which century was tuberculosis first introduced?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organization called bacteria a 'serious threat?'
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other medicine worked along antibiotics to classify diseases like tuberculosis?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Prussia was almost completely expelled by the communist regimes. During the war and for some time thereafter 45 camps were established for about 200,000-250,000 forced labourers, the vast majority of whom were deported to the Soviet Union, including the Gulag camp system. The largest camp with about 48,000 inmates was established at Deutsch Eylau (Iława). Orphaned children who were left behind in the zone occupied by the Soviet Union were referred to as Wolf children.
Question: How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945?
Answer: 800,000
Question: Around how many camps were set up by the Germans during the way?
Answer: 45 camps
Question: How many forced labourers were in the largest camp?
Answer: 48,000
Question: What were the children that were left behind in East Prussia that was occupied by the Russians referred to as?
Answer: Wolf children
Question: How many Germans were prevented from returning to East Prussia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Wolf children were there?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many forced labourers were there in the smallest camp?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the smallest camp established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the first forced labour camp established?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily, and German sometimes. Many Russian novels of the 19th century, e.g. Leo Tolstoy's (Лев Толсто́й) War and Peace, contain entire paragraphs and even pages in French with no translation given, with an assumption that educated readers would not need one.
Question: Where did Russian get specialized vocabulary from?
Answer: the languages of Western Europe
Question: What second language was common among Russian nobles by 1800?
Answer: French
Question: What third language was common among Russian nobles by 1800?
Answer: German
Question: Who wrote 'War and Peace'?
Answer: Leo Tolstoy
Question: What language often appeared in Russian novels without translation?
Answer: French
Question: In what year did Peter the Great come to power?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Peter the Great write in 1800?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Peter the Great's goal for writing War and Peace?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Germans immigrated to France in 1800?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Tolstoy write to reform Germany?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers. The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The Barranquilla Carnival includes several parades on Friday and Saturday nights beginning on 11 January and ending with a six-day non-stop festival, beginning the Wednesday prior to Ash Wednesday and ending Tuesday midnight. Other celebrations occur in villages along the lower Magdalena River in northern Colombia, and in Pasto, Nariño (see Blacks and Whites' Carnival) in the south of the country. In the early 20th century, attempts to introduce Carnival in Bogotá were rejected by the government. The Bogotá Carnival was renewed in the 21st century.
Question: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?
Answer: in small/unimportant towns
Question: The uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla is now recognized as what?
Answer: one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Question: How many days does the non-stop festival go?
Answer: six
Question: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?
Answer: the government |
Context: The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or breaking. The electrical contacts in a USB connector are protected by an adjacent plastic tongue, and the entire connecting assembly is usually protected by an enclosing metal sheath.
Question: Standard connectors were designed to be what?
Answer: robust
Question: Why were standard connectors designed to be so robust?
Answer: the connectors would be used more frequently
Question: What as a drawback of previous connectors?
Answer: Many previous connector designs were fragile
Question: How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected?
Answer: by an adjacent plastic tongue
Question: How is the entire connecting assembly of a USB connector protected?
Answer: by an enclosing metal sheath |
Context: Tajiks began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1939 and during World War II around 260,000 Tajik citizens fought against Germany, Finland and Japan. Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) of Tajikistan's 1,530,000 citizens were killed during World War II. Following the war and Stalin's reign attempts were made to further expand the agriculture and industry of Tajikistan. During 1957–58 Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign focused attention on Tajikistan, where living conditions, education and industry lagged behind the other Soviet Republics. In the 1980s, Tajikistan had the lowest household saving rate in the USSR, the lowest percentage of households in the two top per capita income groups, and the lowest rate of university graduates per 1000 people. By the late 1980s Tajik nationalists were calling for increased rights. Real disturbances did not occur within the republic until 1990. The following year, the Soviet Union collapsed, and Tajikistan declared its independence.
Question: When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army?
Answer: 1939
Question: How many Tajik troops fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during WWII?
Answer: 260,000 Tajik
Question: What percent of Tajiks were killed during the war?
Answer: Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)
Question: What was not developing as fast as other Soviet Republics?
Answer: living conditions, education and industry
Question: Who began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1929?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Tajik citizens fought against Germany, France, and what country?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whose living conditions, education, and industry outpaced the other Soviet Republics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had the highest household saving rate in the USSR?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: By the late 1970s, Tajik nationalists were calling for what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that is used throughout the main text, which deals with matters of morphology, syntax and semantics.
Question: What type of grammar was phonology first a part of?
Answer: Sanskrit
Question: What is the name of ancient Sanskrit grammar?
Answer: Ashtadhyayi
Question: Who first composed the Ashtadhyayi?
Answer: Pāṇini
Question: During what time period did Panini do his work?
Answer: 4th century BC
Question: What other text was related to the Ashtadhyayi?
Answer: the Shiva Sutras
Question: What type of grammar were phenomes first a part of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of ancient phenome grammar?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who first composed the Sanskrit language?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During what time period did the Sanskrit language begin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other text was related to morphology?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The racial preferences debate related to admission to US colleges and universities reflects competing notions of the mission of colleges: "To what extent should they pursue scholarly excellence, to what extent civic goods, and how should these purposes be balanced?". Scholars such as Ronald Dworkin have asserted that no college applicant has a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities. In this view, admission is not an honor bestowed to reward superior merit but rather a way to advance the mission as each university defines it. If diversity is a goal of the university and their racial preferences do not discriminate against applicants based on hatred or contempt, then affirmative action can be judged acceptable based on the criteria related to the mission the university sets for itself.
Question: What does the racial preferences debate indicate about universities and colleges?
Answer: competing notions of the mission of colleges
Question: What claim did Ronald Dworkin make about the expectations that a college application should not have?
Answer: a right to expect that a university will design its admissions policies in a way that prizes any particular set of qualities
Question: What does Ronald Dworkin believe admission should represent?
Answer: a way to advance the mission as each university defines it
Question: When can affirmative action be judged to be acceptable in terms of admissions?
Answer: If diversity is a goal of the university and their racial preferences do not discriminate
Question: What does the racial preferences debate not indicate about universities and colleges?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What claim did Ronald Dworkin make about the expectations that a college application should have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When can affirmative action be judged to be unacceptable in terms of admissions?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Despite yet another offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, Feynman rejected the Institute on the grounds that there were no teaching duties: Feynman felt that students were a source of inspiration and teaching was a diversion during uncreative spells. Because of this, the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University jointly offered him a package whereby he could teach at the university and also be at the institute.[citation needed] Feynman instead accepted an offer from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)—and as he says in his book Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman!—because a desire to live in a mild climate had firmly fixed itself in his mind while he was installing tire chains on his car in the middle of a snowstorm in Ithaca.
Question: Why did Feynman decide to turn down an offer from the Institute of Advanced Study?
Answer: no teaching duties
Question: Where did Feynman receive much inspiration?
Answer: students
Question: The Institute of Advanced Study and which other university colluded together to get Feynman a position?
Answer: Princeton University
Question: Ultimately Feynman decided to take a job at which college?
Answer: California Institute of Technology
Question: In which city did Feynman find himself affixing tire chains?
Answer: Ithaca
Question: Why did Feynman decide to accept all offers from the Institute of Advanced Study?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Feynman receive no inspiration?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What university forbid Feynman from being on campus?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What college did Feynman end up living in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which city did Feynman get lost in after affixing tire chains?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In their first meeting after the election the group's Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name "The Labour Party" formally (15 February 1906). Keir Hardie, who had taken a leading role in getting the party established, was elected as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (in effect, the Leader), although only by one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots. In the party's early years the Independent Labour Party (ILP) provided much of its activist base as the party did not have individual membership until 1918 but operated as a conglomerate of affiliated bodies. The Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement.
Question: Who overturned the Taft Vale judgement?
Answer: Liberal Government
Question: Who was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party?
Answer: Keir Hardie
Question: How many votes did Keir Hardie win by?
Answer: one vote
Question: Who was Keir Hardie's opponent?
Answer: David Shackleton
Question: What name did the group adopt during their last meeting?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What name did the group adopt before 1906?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had not helped the party to become established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What provided the party's activist base in the party's later years?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was one of the last acts of the new Liberal Government?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Historically, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect Microsoft Windows users. Mac OS X has a smaller usage share compared to Microsoft Windows (roughly 5% and 92%, respectively), but it also has traditionally more secure UNIX roots. Worms, as well as potential vulnerabilities, were noted in February 2006, which led some industry analysts and anti-virus companies to issue warnings that Apple's Mac OS X is not immune to malware. Increasing market share coincided with additional reports of a variety of attacks. Apple releases security updates for its software. In early 2011, Mac OS X experienced a large increase in malware attacks, and malware such as Mac Defender, MacProtector, and MacGuard were seen as an increasing problem for Mac users. At first, the malware installer required the user to enter the administrative password, but later versions were able to install without user input. Initially, Apple support staff were instructed not to assist in the removal of the malware or admit the existence of the malware issue, but as the malware spread, a support document was issued. Apple announced an OS X update to fix the problem. An estimated 100,000 users were affected.
Question: Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS X compared to Microsoft Windows?
Answer: malware and spyware
Question: When did Mac OS X experience a large increase in malware attacks?
Answer: early 2011
Question: How was Mac's malware seen by many Mac users in 2011?
Answer: an increasing problem
Question: What were Apple support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?
Answer: the removal
Question: How many users were affected by the increase in malware?
Answer: 100,000
Question: Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS XX compared to Microsoft Windows?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Mac OS X experience a large decrease in malware attacks?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How was Mac's malware seen by many Mac users in 2012?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were Microsoft support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many users were affected by the decrease in malware?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Darwin continued to research and extensively revise his theory while focusing on his main work of publishing the scientific results of the Beagle voyage. He tentatively wrote of his ideas to Lyell in January 1842; then in June he roughed out a 35-page "Pencil Sketch" of his theory. Darwin began correspondence about his theorising with the botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker in January 1844, and by July had rounded out his "sketch" into a 230-page "Essay", to be expanded with his research results and published if he died prematurely.
Question: What was the name of Darwin's 35-page writing of his theory?
Answer: "Pencil Sketch"
Question: Which botanist did Darwin begin a correspondence with about his theories?
Answer: Joseph Dalton Hooker
Question: How many pages had Darwin's sketch grown to in 1844?
Answer: 230-page
Question: What information was Darwin's essay based on?
Answer: scientific results of the Beagle voyage
Question: Who did Darwin write his ideas to in 1842?
Answer: Lyell |
Context: No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree. If the rings are narrow, more of them are required than where they are wide. As the tree gets larger, the sapwood must necessarily become thinner or increase materially in volume. Sapwood is thicker in the upper portion of the trunk of a tree than near the base, because the age and the diameter of the upper sections are less.
Question: What part of a tree is the cross-sectional area of the sapwood approximately proportional to?
Answer: crown
Question: Are more rings necessary if they're narrow or wide?
Answer: narrow
Question: As a tree grows bigger, if the sapwood layer doesn't increase in volume, what will it become?
Answer: thinner
Question: In what part of the tree trunk is the sapwood layer thinnest?
Answer: near the base
Question: Along with the smaller diameter of the upper trunk, what factor leads to thinner sapwood higher up a tree?
Answer: age |
Context: In 1970, CBS Records revived the Embassy Records imprint in UK and Europe, which had been defunct since CBS had taken control of Embassy's parent company, Oriole, in 1964. The purpose of the revived Embassy imprint was to release budget reissues of albums that had originally been released in the United States on Columbia Records (or its subsidiaries). Many albums, by artists as diverse as Andy Williams, Johnny Cash, Barbra Streisand, the Byrds, Tammy Wynette, Laura Nyro and Sly & the Family Stone were issued on Embassy, before the label was once again discontinued in 1980.
Question: In 1980, CBS Records revived what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: CBS had taken control of Oriole's parent company in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The purpose of the revived Oriole imprint was what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which label was once again discontinued in 1990?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Few albums were issued on what label before it was discontinued?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Israeli literature is primarily poetry and prose written in Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language since the mid-19th century, although a small body of literature is published in other languages, such as English. By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited in the National Library of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2001, the law was amended to include audio and video recordings, and other non-print media. In 2013, 91 percent of the 7,863 books transferred to the library were in Hebrew. The Hebrew Book Week is held each June and features book fairs, public readings, and appearances by Israeli authors around the country. During the week, Israel's top literary award, the Sapir Prize, is presented.[citation needed]
Question: Israeli literature is primarily written in what?
Answer: Hebrew
Question: When is the Hebrew Book Week held?
Answer: June
Question: What is Israel's top literary reward?
Answer: the Sapir Prize |
Context: At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.
Question: Which room has the famous balcony used by the royals?
Answer: Centre Room
Question: What is the main theme of the Centre Room?
Answer: Chinese
Question: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?
Answer: Queen Mary
Question: The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?
Answer: 1873
Question: The Principle Corridor features which type of doors?
Answer: mirrored doors
Question: Which room feature the famous balcony?
Answer: Centre Room
Question: Which designer did Queen Mary work with to enhance the Centre Room?
Answer: Sir Charles Allom
Question: The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?
Answer: mirrored doors
Question: What year were the lacquer doors brought from Brighton?
Answer: 1873
Question: Which room has the infamous balcony forbidden by the royals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the secondary theme of the Centre Room?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Queen ruined the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1930s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which room avoids the famous balcony?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which designer did Queen Mary fire to enhance the Centre Room?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternatively to modify wood, for example by adding components to wood, new more advanced products will appear on the marketplace. Moisture content electronic monitoring can also enhance next generation wood protection.
Question: What could we monitor electronically that could help inform new methods of wood protection?
Answer: Moisture content
Question: Development in the wood manufacturing industry include using lignin to make what substance?
Answer: glue
Question: Instead of rubber, what important part of a car might someday be replaced by components of wood?
Answer: tire
Question: What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear?
Answer: high strength fabrics
Question: In addition to extracting components from wood, what might scientist do by adding components, for example, to make innovative products?
Answer: modify wood |
Context: The Mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The City Council is a unicameral body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries. Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three consecutive-term limit, but can resume after a four-year break. The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.
Question: How many members are on the NYC city council?
Answer: 51
Question: How many terms can the mayjor of NYC serve in total?
Answer: three
Question: What is the duration of a New York City councilperson's term?
Answer: four-year
Question: How many councilors sit on the City Council?
Answer: 51
Question: How many terms in a row can a person serve as mayor?
Answer: three
Question: What is the official journal of New York City?
Answer: the City Record
Question: If someone serves three consecutive terms as mayor and wants to run again, how many years must they wait?
Answer: four |
Context: Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his existing company's offices at 330 West 42nd Street, New York City, he officially held the titles of editor, managing editor, and business manager, with Abraham Goodman officially listed as publisher.
Question: Who originally founded Marvel Comics?
Answer: Martin Goodman
Question: What was the original name of Marvel Comics?
Answer: Timely Publications
Question: When was Marvel founded?
Answer: 1939
Question: In what city was Marvel based when it was founded?
Answer: New York City
Question: What was Abraham Goodman's official title when Marvel was founded?
Answer: publisher
Question: When was Martin Goodman born?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Timely Publications originally called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who created the western pulp genre?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Timely Publications become Marvel Comics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who decided to rename Timely Publications to Marvel Comics?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. The last is the greatest evil". By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government".
Question: Whose ascendancy did Burke think was malignant?
Answer: Protestant
Question: What did Burke call corporate tyranny in India?
Answer: Indianism
Question: Which continent did Jacobinism affect?
Answer: Europe
Question: When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?
Answer: March 1796
Question: What did Burke think was the worst threat in 1795?
Answer: Jacobinism
Question: What did Burke think was overrated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who practiced Protestant ascendency?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Burke initially call Indianism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Burke decide Indianism was not as great of an issue?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Burke never changed his mind on which ideology, which he called "the greatest evil"?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]
Question: What is a WISP?
Answer: wireless Internet service provider
Question: What technology is part of a WISP?
Answer: commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment
Question: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over?
Answer: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands
Question: What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?
Answer: wireless networking
Question: What is a wired Internet service provider?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What operates unlicensed frequencies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is designed to operate under open 900 MHz
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: W ISP do not operate in what band?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 – 16 December 1936), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (25 March 1864 – 14 January 1918), was a Slovene. His parents were married on 21 January 1891. After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather Martin Javeršek in the Slovenian village of Podsreda, he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec, he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905. In 1907 he moved out of the rural environment and started working as a machinist's apprentice in Sisak. There, he became aware of the labour movement and celebrated 1 May – Labour Day for the first time. In 1910, he joined the union of metallurgy workers and at the same time the Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia. Between 1911 and 1913, Broz worked for shorter periods in Kamnik (1911–1912, factory "Titan"), Cenkov, Munich and Mannheim, where he worked for the Benz car factory; then he went to Wiener Neustadt, Austria, and worked as a test driver for Daimler.
Question: Where was Josip Broz born?
Answer: Kumrovec
Question: In what year was Broz born?
Answer: 1892
Question: What ethnicity was Broz's father?
Answer: Croat
Question: What ethnicity was Broz's mother?
Answer: Slovene
Question: What grade did he fail?
Answer: 2nd |
Context: Architectural design competitions are used by an organisation that plans to build a new building or refurbish an existing building. They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks. A competition typically asks for architects and/or designers to submit a design proposal in response to a given Brief. The winning design will then be selected by an independent jury panel of design professionals and client representatives. The independence of the jury is vital to the fair conduct of a competition.
Question: What are events that a company can sponsor when it is planning a new construction project or redesigning an existing one?
Answer: Architectural design competitions
Question: What is provided to guide entrants in an architectural competition?
Answer: Brief
Question: What kinds of people generally make up the panels which judge architecture competitions?
Answer: design professionals and client representatives
Question: What is necessary for the integrity of a design competition?
Answer: independence of the jury
Question: What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions?
Answer: public realm artworks
Question: What are events that a company can't sponsor when it is planning a new construction project or redesigning an existing one?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is not provided to guide entrants in an architectural competition?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kinds of people never make up the panels which judge architecture competitions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is unnecessary for the integrity of a design competition?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of artistic production can no longer be supported by design competitions?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System, of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals. Manhattan hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court, Appellate Division while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department. There are also several extrajudicial administrative courts, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System.
Question: What numbered department of the Supreme Court is located in Brooklyn?
Answer: Second
Question: In what borough is the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court located?
Answer: Manhattan
Question: What branch of government are the administrative courts a part of?
Answer: executive |
Context: On 6 April 1941, German forces, with Hungarian and Italian assistance, launched an invasion of Yugoslavia. On 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia, and Tito responded by forming a Military Committee within the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party. Attacked from all sides, the armed forces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia quickly crumbled. On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade. They quickly agreed to end military resistance. On 1 May 1941, Tito issued a pamphlet calling on the people to unite in a battle against the occupation. On 27 June 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito Commander in Chief of all project national liberation military forces. On 1 July 1941, the Comintern sent precise instructions calling for immediate action.
Question: When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia?
Answer: 6 April 1941
Question: Which king fled the country in 1941?
Answer: King Peter II
Question: What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941?
Answer: pamphlet
Question: What position was Tito appointed to in 1941 by the Central Committee?
Answer: Chief of all project national liberation military forces.
Question: In 1941, where did representatives of the government and military meet with German officials?
Answer: Belgrade |
Context: Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for Internazionale. However, new heroes emerged, such as Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert, Luis Enrique and Rivaldo, and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998. In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and Rivaldo became the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded European Footballer of the Year. Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Núñez resigning in 2000.
Question: How long did Ronaldo remain with Barcelona?
Answer: short time
Question: When did Barcelona win a Copa del Rey and La Liga double?
Answer: 1998
Question: When was the centenari of Barcelona celebrated?
Answer: 1999
Question: What title did Barcelona win in 1999?
Answer: Primera División
Question: Which Barcelona player was the fourth to win European Footballer of the Year?
Answer: Rivaldo |
Context: It is forbidden for the Divine Leader not to be from the family of Muhammad.[citation needed] According to Ali al-Ridha, since it is obligatory to obey him, there should be a sign to clearly indicate the Divine Leader. That sign is his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad and his clear appointment so that the people could distinguish him from others, and be clearly guided toward him. Otherwise others are nobler than Muhammad's offspring and they are to be followed and obeyed; and the offspring of Muhammad are obedient and subject to the offspring of Muhammad’s enemies such as Abi Jahl or Ibn Abi Ma’eet.[original research?] However, Muhammad is much nobler than others to be in charge and to be obeyed. Moreover, once the prophethood of Muhammad is testified they would obey him, no one would hesitate to follow his offspring and this would not be hard for anyone. While to follow the offspring of the corrupted families is difficult.[original research?] And that is maybe why the basic characteristic of Muhammad and other prophets was their nobility.[original research?] For none of them, it is said, were originated from a disgraced family.[citation needed] It is believed that all Muhammad's ancestors up to Adam were true Muslims. [a][citation needed] Jesus was also from a pious family, as it is mentioned in Quran that after his birth, people said to Mary: O sister of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."[b][improper synthesis?]
Question: What is the basic characteristis of Muhammad and the prophets?
Answer: their nobility
Question: What religion were all of Muhammad's ancestors?
Answer: Muslims
Question: Who does the Quran say was also from a pious family?
Answer: Jesus
Question: What is forbidden for the Divine Leader?
Answer: not to be from the family of Muhammad
Question: What is the sign that indicates the Divine Leader?
Answer: his well-known ties of kinship with Muhammad |
Context: Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intelligence: adolescents do not improve substantially on IQ tests since their scores are relative to others in their same age group, and relative standing usually does not change—everyone matures at approximately the same rate in this way.
Question: How is wisdom defined?
Answer: capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience
Question: Wisdom increases between age fourteen and what?
Answer: twenty-five
Question: Is wisdom the same thing as intelligence?
Answer: not
Question: Do adolescents perform significantly better on IQ tests than other age groups?
Answer: not
Question: What word is defined as the capacity for insight and judgement that is developed through experience?
Answer: Wisdom |
Context: Although an alloy is technically an impure metal, when referring to alloys, the term "impurities" usually denotes those elements which are not desired. These impurities are often found in the base metals or the solutes, but they may also be introduced during the alloying process. For instance, sulfur is a common impurity in steel. Sulfur combines readily with iron to form iron sulfide, which is very brittle, creating weak spots in the steel. Lithium, sodium and calcium are common impurities in aluminium alloys, which can have adverse effects on the structural integrity of castings. Conversely, otherwise pure-metals that simply contain unwanted impurities are often called "impure metals" and are not usually referred to as alloys. Oxygen, present in the air, readily combines with most metals to form metal oxides; especially at higher temperatures encountered during alloying. Great care is often taken during the alloying process to remove excess impurities, using fluxes, chemical additives, or other methods of extractive metallurgy.
Question: What is a characteristic of iron sulfide?
Answer: very brittle
Question: What makes pure metals impure metals?
Answer: unwanted impurities
Question: What are the three common impurities in aluminum alloys?
Answer: Lithium, sodium and calcium
Question: Using fluxes and chemical additives during the alloying process does what?
Answer: remove excess impurities
Question: What is the term for desired elements in an alloy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a rare impurity in steel?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Lithium, sodium and what other elements are common in steel?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Chemical what are used during alloying to add impurities?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What element from the air does not easily combined with most metals?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to 8 divisions (1 mechanized infantry, 2 armored, and 5 infantry), but increased the number of brigades from 7 to 18 (1 airborne, 1 armored, 2 mechanized infantry, and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not set well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. No reduction, however, in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968.
Question: Who was the Secretary of Defense in 1967?
Answer: Robert McNamara
Question: How many divisions did the Secretary of Defense cut the original 15 down to?
Answer: 8
Question: How many brigades did the Secretary of Defense increase the number to?
Answer: 18
Question: Who was the President of Defense in 1967?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many division did the Secretary of Defense cut the original 10 down to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many brigades did the Secretary of Defense decrease the number to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What suggestions did the states have regarding increase of division?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did the federal government reorganize their forces?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conception of history). Later Marxists developed the notion of dialectical materialism which characterized later Marxist philosophy and method.
Question: What type of materialism defined the Marxist philosophy?
Answer: dialectical materialism
Question: When was Karl Marx born?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Friedrich Engels born?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which era of Marxists rejected the notion of dialectical materialism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was Karl Marx's enemy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of materialism did not define the Marxist philosophy?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: According to Pew Research, 7% of the population identifies as Christian; 4% as Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions, including Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and East Asian religions. However, according to a US State Department's 2010 international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population. Independent researchers put the Muslim population at 6 to 10% of the population[citation needed]. Jehovah's Witnesses have been present since 1914 and have about 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon publishing in 16 languages. A tiny Jewish community in Rangoon had a synagogue but no resident rabbi to conduct services.
Question: What part of the populace does not identify with conformists religious majority?
Answer: 7% of the population identifies as Christian; 4% as Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions
Question: Are these percentages an accurate estimate of nonconformists religious groups ?
Answer: international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population.
Question: How many dwelling are dedicated to the worship of the faith Jehovah's Witnesses ?
Answer: 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon
Question: How many dialects are the publications distributed by the Jehovah Witness available in ?
Answer: 16 languages
Question: What problem presented itself to the Jewish locale in Rangoon ?
Answer: a synagogue but no resident rabbi to conduct services |
Context: Von Neumann introduced the study of rings of operators, through the von Neumann algebras. A von Neumann algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator. The von Neumann bicommutant theorem shows that the analytic definition is equivalent to a purely algebraic definition as an algebra of symmetries. The direct integral was introduced in 1949 by John von Neumann. One of von Neumann's analyses was to reduce the classification of von Neumann algebras on separable Hilbert spaces to the classification of factors.
Question: What is von Neumann algebra?
Answer: algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator
Question: What does the von Neumann bicommutant theorem show?
Answer: the analytic definition is equivalent to a purely algebraic definition as an algebra of symmetries.
Question: When was direct integral introduced by von Neumann?
Answer: 1949
Question: What was introduced in von Neumann algebras?
Answer: study of rings of operators |
Context: As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture, the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's "Charleston Rag" and later James P. Johnson's "The Charleston", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s. "Ballin' the Jack", which was a popular dance in the years before "The Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.
Question: Who wrote the "Charleston"?
Answer: Chris Smith
Question: What decade was the Charleston dance popular nationally?
Answer: 1920s
Question: Who created the song "Charleston Rag"?
Answer: Eubie Blake
Question: Which Charleston community had a large influence on jazz music?
Answer: the Gullah community
Question: Geechee dances are associated with the music of what type of worker?
Answer: dock workers
Question: Who never wrote the "Charleston"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What decade wasn't the Charleston dance popular nationally?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who hated the song "Charleston Rag"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Charleston community had a small influence on jazz music?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Geechee dances aren't associated with the music of what type of worker?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some organisms have multiple copies of chromosomes: diploid, triploid, tetraploid and so on. In classical genetics, in a sexually reproducing organism (typically eukarya) the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell and the genome is a full set of chromosomes in a diploid cell. The halving of the genetic material in gametes is accomplished by the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. In haploid organisms, including cells of bacteria, archaea, and in organelles including mitochondria and chloroplasts, or viruses, that similarly contain genes, the single or set of circular or linear chains of DNA (or RNA for some viruses), likewise constitute the genome. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean what is stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA (i.e., the "nuclear genome") but can also be applied to what is stored within organelles that contain their own DNA, as with the "mitochondrial genome" or the "chloroplast genome". Additionally, the genome can comprise non-chromosomal genetic elements such as viruses, plasmids, and transposable elements.
Question: A gamate has how many chromosomes relative to a somatic cell?
Answer: half
Question: What process splits the chromosome between gametes?
Answer: meiosis
Question: What are two cellular organelles which contain genetic material?
Answer: mitochondria and chloroplasts
Question: What are examples of terms used to describe a virus type?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many chromosomes do the organelles have compared to the chloroplasts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is halving genetic material in linear chains of DNA accomplished?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one thing the term transposable elements can be applied to mean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What three non-chromosomal genetic elements can bacteria comprise?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Another objection is that it is not always possible to demonstrate falsehood definitively, especially if one is using statistical criteria to evaluate a null hypothesis. More generally it is not always clear, if evidence contradicts a hypothesis, that this is a sign of flaws in the hypothesis rather than of flaws in the evidence. However, this is a misunderstanding of what Popper's philosophy of science sets out to do. Rather than offering a set of instructions that merely need to be followed diligently to achieve science, Popper makes it clear in The Logic of Scientific Discovery that his belief is that the resolution of conflicts between hypotheses and observations can only be a matter of the collective judgment of scientists, in each individual case.
Question: What kind of criteria frequently used in science complicates the definitiveness of some hypotheses' falsification?
Answer: statistical
Question: What other flaws complicate the problem of identifying faulty scientific hypotheses?
Answer: flaws in the evidence
Question: According to Popper, what resolves conflicting hypotheses and observations in the long run?
Answer: the collective judgment of scientists
Question: What is always possible to do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is always clear if evidence contradicts a hypothesis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who wrote a set of instructions that merely need to be followed diligently to achieve science?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a matter of the judgement of a single scientist?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a sign of flaws in the evidence?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Antibiotics are screened for any negative effects on humans or other mammals before approval for clinical use, and are usually considered safe and most are well tolerated. However, some antibiotics have been associated with a range of adverse side effects. Side-effects range from mild to very serious depending on the antibiotics used, the microbial organisms targeted, and the individual patient. Side effects may reflect the pharmacological or toxicological properties of the antibiotic or may involve hypersensitivity reactions or anaphylaxis. Safety profiles of newer drugs are often not as well established as for those that have a long history of use. Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis. Common side-effects include diarrhea, resulting from disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora, resulting, for example, in overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium difficile. Antibacterials can also affect the vaginal flora, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area. Additional side-effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid. Some scientists have hypothesized that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota and this has been associated with chronic disease.
Question: What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics?
Answer: fever and nausea
Question: What causes diarrhea?
Answer: disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora
Question: What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area?
Answer: yeast
Question: What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage?
Answer: a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid
Question: What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics?
Answer: alter the host microbiota
Question: What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans?
Answer: negative effects
Question: What do antibiotics need approval for?
Answer: clinical use
Question: What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used?
Answer: microbial organisms
Question: Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect?
Answer: Adverse effects
Question: What was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics?
Answer: host microbiota
Question: Why are antibiotics checked before use?
Answer: negative effects on humans or other mammals
Question: Name some adverse effects?
Answer: fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
Question: Name some side-effects?
Answer: diarrhea
Question: What can happen to vaginal flora?
Answer: overgrowth of yeast
Question: What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs?
Answer: Additional side-effects
Question: What are two examples of anitbacterials caused by some antibiotics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What causes anaphylaxis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one possible side effect of antibiotics that do not have a side effect of tendon damage?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are antibiotics screened for on microbiota and chronic disease?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Increasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement. Shramana gave rise to the concept of the cycle of birth and death, the concept of samsara, and the concept of liberation. Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions.
Question: What did the shramana movements challenge?
Answer: orthodoxy of rituals
Question: Who was the founder of Jainism?
Answer: Mahavira
Question: What prominent icon founded Buddhism?
Answer: Buddha
Question: What path did Buddha find to soothe the strictness of Sramana religions?
Answer: Middle Way
Question: What belief system taught the idea of samsara?
Answer: Shramana |
Context: In June 2009, many of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed an EC-sponsored Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), agreeing to make most data-enabled mobile phones marketed in the European Union compatible with a common External Power Supply (EPS). The EU's common EPS specification (EN 62684:2010) references the USB Battery Charging standard and is similar to the GSMA/OMTP and Chinese charging solutions. In January 2011, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) released its version of the (EU's) common EPS standard as IEC 62684:2011.
Question: When did many of the largest mobile phone manufacturers sign an EC-sponsored MoU?
Answer: June 2009
Question: What did the MoU make the manufacturers agree to do?
Answer: to make most data-enabled mobile phones marketed in the European Union compatible with a common External Power Supply
Question: When did the IEC release its version of the common EPS standard as IEC 62684:2011?
Answer: January 2011 |
Context: Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclaim. Of these modern writers, Nuruddin Farah is probably the most celebrated. Books such as From a Crooked Rib and Links are considered important literary achievements, works which have earned Farah, among other accolades, the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Farah Mohamed Jama Awl is another prominent Somali writer who is perhaps best known for his Dervish era novel, Ignorance is the enemy of love. Young upstart Nadifa Mohamed was also awarded the 2010 Betty Trask Prize. Additionally, Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' is considered by many to be the greatest living Somali poet, and several of his works have been translated internationally.
Question: When did Somalis begin to render their language using the Latin alphabet?
Answer: 1972
Question: Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer?
Answer: Nuruddin Farah
Question: In what year did Nuruddin Farah win the Neustadt International Prize for Literature?
Answer: 1998
Question: Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love?
Answer: Farah Mohamed Jama Awl
Question: Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize?
Answer: Nadifa Mohamed |
Context: In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves forward or backward, off of this platform to a two footed landing (post flight segment). Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength. The post flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos or somersaults, and/or twisting movements. A round-off entry vault, called a Yurchenko, is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics. When performing a yurchenko, gymnasts "round-off" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard). From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards and executes a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting table. The gymnast then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations. The post flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet.
Question: How long is the run way in vaulting?
Answer: 25 metres (82 ft)
Question: How man feet do vaulters land on?
Answer: a two footed landing
Question: What determines where a vaulter starts on the runway?
Answer: their height and strength
Question: What is a round-off entry vault called?
Answer: Yurchenko
Question: What is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics?
Answer: yurchenko
Question: What factors in to a gymnast's score?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do gymnasts do while waiting for their turn?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What vault leaves gymnasts in a hand stand?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what kind of events do gymnasts jump through fire?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the most dangerous vault in elite gymnastics?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The superior god of Oeselians as described by Henry of Latvia was called Tharapita. According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa (Latin: Vironia), mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel, Saaremaa The name Taarapita has been interpreted as "Taara, help!"/"Thor, help!" (Taara a(v)ita in Estonian) or "Taara keeper"/"Thor keeper" (Taara pidaja) Taara is associated with the Scandinavian god Thor. The story of Tharapita's or Taara's flight from Vironia to Saaremaa has been associated with a major meteor disaster estimated to have happened in 660 ± 85 BC that formed Kaali crater in Saaremaa.
Question: What god did the Oeselians worship?
Answer: Tharapita
Question: Who described Tharapita?
Answer: Henry of Latvia
Question: Where was Tharapita born in his legend story?
Answer: on a forested mountain in Virumaa
Question: What famous Viking God is associated with Tharapita?
Answer: Thor
Question: What event formed a crater in Saaremaa?
Answer: meteor disaster |
Context: In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in the Balearic Islands must be "cantam" in all fields. Another feature of the Balearic standard is the non-ending in the 1st person singular present indicative: jo compr ('I buy'), jo tem ('I fear'), jo dorm ('I sleep').
Question: Where is IEC's standard used?
Answer: the Balearic Islands
Question: How is the standard used there?
Answer: adapted for the Balearic dialect
Question: What is a first person singular feature of the Balearic standard?
Answer: non-ending |
Context: Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant that the British attempt to quell the uprising was supported by the Muslim Malay majority, on the understanding that once the insurgency had been quelled, independence would be granted. The Malayan Emergency, as it was called, began in 1948 and lasted until 1960, but by 1957, Britain felt confident enough to grant independence to the Federation of Malaya within the Commonwealth. In 1963, the 11 states of the federation together with Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo joined to form Malaysia, but in 1965 Chinese-majority Singapore was expelled from the union following tensions between the Malay and Chinese populations. Brunei, which had been a British protectorate since 1888, declined to join the union and maintained its status until independence in 1984.
Question: When did the Malayan Emergency begin?
Answer: 1948
Question: When did Britain give the Federation of Malaya its independence?
Answer: 1957
Question: When did Singapore leave the Federation of Malaya?
Answer: 1965
Question: What race was the majority of Singapore's population?
Answer: Chinese
Question: When did Brunei get its independence?
Answer: 1984 |
Context: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.
Question: Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season?
Answer: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.
Question: Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?
Answer: Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260
Question: How many players have achieved 100 goals?
Answer: Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark
Question: How many different players have won the top scorer title?
Answer: 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.
Question: Who has the record for scoring the most goals in single season?
Answer: Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.
Question: To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?
Answer: the top Premier League scorer
Question: Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League?
Answer: 260
Question: How many players have 100 goals or more in the Premier League?
Answer: Twenty-four
Question: How many different players have won or shared the top scorer title in the Premier League?
Answer: 14
Question: Who had scored four overall scoring titles as of the 2006 season?
Answer: Thierry Henry
Question: Which award is given to the lowest Premier League scorer each year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who holds the record for least Premier League goals with 260?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who holds the record for most Premier League goals with 27?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many goals did Thierry Henry score when he won his fifth scoring title?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with Theirry Henry, who else holds the record for most goals in a season?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidate to become an accepted scholar in the community. A regular curriculum includes courses in Arabic, tafsir (Qur'anic interpretation), sharīʻah (Islamic law), hadiths (recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad), mantiq (logic), and Muslim history. In the Ottoman Empire, during the Early Modern Period, the study of hadiths was introduced by Süleyman I. Depending on the educational demands, some madaris also offer additional advanced courses in Arabic literature, English and other foreign languages, as well as science and world history. Ottoman madaris along with religious teachings also taught "styles of writing, grammary, syntax, poetry, composition, natural sciences, political sciences, and etiquette."
Question: What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash?
Answer: Islamic institutions
Question: What is taught through a hifz class or set of classes?
Answer: memorization of the Qur'an
Question: What is shariah?
Answer: Islamic law
Question: What is the discipline taught in mantiq courses?
Answer: logic
Question: What set of courses does someone need to take for preparation to be considered as a scholar?
Answer: ʻālim
Question: What is the Spanish connotative understanding of the word madrash?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is never taught through a hifz class or set of classes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the opposite of shariah?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the discipline not taught in mantiq courses?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What set of beliefs does someone need to have to be considered as a scholar?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and according to him, there were three superpowers: the British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union. But by the mid-1950s the British Empire lost its superpower status, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's superpowers.[nb 2] The term middle power has emerged for those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs. Regional powers are those whose influence is generally confined to their region of the world.
Question: What is a superpower?
Answer: nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world
Question: Who first used the term superpower?
Answer: William T.R. Fox
Question: Who were the three original superpowers?
Answer: British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union
Question: Who lost their superpower status in 1950s?
Answer: British Empire
Question: What are middle powers?
Answer: those nations which exercise a degree of global influence, but are insufficient to be decisive on international affairs
Question: Who first used the term overwhelming influence?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the regional powers according to William T. R. Fox?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Soviet Union lose its superpower status?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many original middle powers are there?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which nations have a degree of overwhelming power but are not decisive internationally?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the United States Congress were nonpartisan. Washington also warned against political parties during his Farewell Address. In the United States, the unicameral legislature of Nebraska is nonpartisan but is elected and votes on informal party lines. In Canada, the territorial legislatures of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are nonpartisan. In New Zealand, Tokelau has a nonpartisan parliament. Many city and county governments[vague] are nonpartisan. Nonpartisan elections and modes of governance are common outside of state institutions. Unless there are legal prohibitions against political parties, factions within nonpartisan systems often evolve into political parties.
Question: Do official political parties exist in a nonpartisan system?
Answer: In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist
Question: Was the administration of George Washington nonpartisan?
Answer: The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the United States Congress were nonpartisan.
Question: What did Washington warn against during his farewell address?
Answer: political parties
Question: What do factions within nonpartisan systems evolve into?
Answer: political parties
Question: What restrictions are there on candidates when there are no political parties?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What attitude did George Washington have on legal restrictions in office?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How does the legislature take office in Tokelau?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is another action the legislature of Tokelau is able to do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the Northwest Territories warn against?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the Modern Orthodox subgroup of Orthodox Judaism tends to be far more conservative, with roughly half describing themselves as political conservatives, and are mostly Republican Party supporters. Modern Orthodox Jews, compared to both the non-Orthodox American Jewry and the Haredi and Hasidic Jewry, also tend to have a stronger connection to Israel due to their attachment to Zionism.
Question: Orthodox Jews subsciribing to modern orthodoxy tend to be what political alignment typically?
Answer: right-wing
Question: half of orthodox judiasm tends to lean to what political ideaology?
Answer: conservative
Question: What political party is mostly supported by orthodox jews?
Answer: Republican
Question: Haredi and Hasidic Jewry have a stronger connection to what country?
Answer: Israel
Question: Haredi and Hasidic Jewry have an attachment to what movement?
Answer: Zionism
Question: Which group that subscribes to modern orthodoxy are seen to be far more left-wing than non-orthodox Jews?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which group of Jews are neither conservative or liberal?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which group of Jews show no supporter of either political party?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which country have the Haredi and the Hasidic Jewry disowned?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which movement have the Haredi and Hasidic Jewry severed ties with?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. Sets of three nucleotides, known as codons, each correspond to a specific amino acid.:6 Additionally, a "start codon", and three "stop codons" indicate the beginning and end of the protein coding region. There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons) and only 20 standard amino acids; hence the code is redundant and multiple codons can specify the same amino acid. The correspondence between codons and amino acids is nearly universal among all known living organisms.
Question: What specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein?
Answer: The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA
Question: What are sets of three nucleotides known as?
Answer: codons
Question: What does each codon correspond to?
Answer: a specific amino acid
Question: What indicates the beginning and end of the protein coding region?
Answer: a "start codon", and three "stop codons"
Question: How many possible codons are there?
Answer: There are 64 possible codons (four possible nucleotides at each of three positions, hence 43 possible codons) |
Context: While there is no convincing evidence for meditation in pre-Buddhist early Brahminic texts, Wynne argues that formless meditation originated in the Brahminic or Shramanic tradition, based on strong parallels between Upanishadic cosmological statements and the meditative goals of the two teachers of the Buddha as recorded in the early Buddhist texts. He mentions less likely possibilities as well. Having argued that the cosmological statements in the Upanishads also reflect a contemplative tradition, he argues that the Nasadiya Sukta contains evidence for a contemplative tradition, even as early as the late Rig Vedic period.
Question: In pre-buddhist early Brahminic texts there is no evidence for what?
Answer: meditation
Question: The upanishads statements reflect what type of tradition?
Answer: contemplative
Question: What contains evidence for a contemplative tradition?
Answer: Nasadiya Sukta |
Context: One of the more prominent contestants this year was Chris Medina, whose story of caring for his brain-damaged fiancée received widespread coverage. Medina was cut in the Top 40 round. Casey Abrams, who suffers from ulcerative colitis, was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show. The judges used their one save on Abrams on the Top 11, and as a result this was the first season that 11 finalists went on tour instead of 10. In the following week, Naima Adedapo and Thia Megia were both eliminated the following week.
Question: Which contestant had a fiancé that had suffered brain damage?
Answer: Chris Medina
Question: In which round was Chris Medina eliminated n season ten of American Idol?
Answer: Top 40
Question: Which season ten contestant was in the hospital instead of at the Top 13 results show?
Answer: Casey Abrams
Question: Which contestants did the judges save on season ten of American Idol?
Answer: Casey Abrams
Question: Which contestant cared for his brain-damaged fiancee?
Answer: Chris Medina
Question: When was Medina eliminated from the competition?
Answer: Top 40 round
Question: Which contestant suffered from ulcerative colitis?
Answer: Casey Abrams
Question: Which show did Abrams miss because he was in the hospital?
Answer: Top 13 result show |
Context: Bomber crews already had some experience with these types of systems due to the deployment of the Lorenz beam, a commercial blind-landing aid which allowed aircraft to land at night or in bad weather. The Germans developed the short-range Lorenz system into the Knickebein aid, a system which used two Lorenz beams with much stronger signal transmissions. The concept was the same as the Lorenz system. Two aerials were rotated for the two converging beams which were pointed to cross directly over the target. The German bombers would attach themselves to either beam and fly along it until they started to pick up the signal from the other beam. When a continuous sound was heard from the second beam the crew knew they were above the target and began dropping their bombs.
Question: What did the Lorenz beam allow aircraft to do?
Answer: land at night or in bad weather
Question: The Germans developed the Lorenz into what system?
Answer: Knickebein
Question: The Knickebein was the same as the Lorenz but used how many beams?
Answer: two Lorenz beams
Question: The Germans flew along one beam until they picked up the second beam the sound telling them when to start doing what?
Answer: dropping their bombs |
Context: Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color LEDs should have profound influence on the fundamental method that we use to produce and control light color. However, before this type of LED can play a role on the market, several technical problems must be solved. These include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with rising temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. Such problems inhibit and may preclude industrial use. Thus, many new package designs aimed at solving this problem have been proposed and their results are now being reproduced by researchers and scientists.
Question: Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of white light?
Answer: to form light of different colors
Question: What problem must be solved before multi-color LEDs can play a role in the market?
Answer: power decays exponentially with rising temperature
Question: What problem results when rising temperatures decays power?
Answer: substantial change in color stability
Question: Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of red light?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What problem must be solved before non-multi-color LEDs can play a role in the market?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What problem results when lowering temperatures decays power?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The most popular contestants are usually not revealed in the results show. Instead, typically the three contestants (two in later rounds) who received the lowest number of votes are called to the center of the stage. One of these three is usually sent to safety; however the two remaining are not necessarily the bottom two. The contestant with the fewest votes is then revealed and eliminated from the competition. A montage of the eliminated contestant's time on the show is played and they give their final performance. However, in season six, during the series' first ever Idol Gives Back episode, no contestant was eliminated, but on the following week, two were sent home. Moreover, starting in season eight, the judges may overturn viewers' decision with a "Judges' Save" if they unanimously agree to. "The save" can only be used once, and only up through the top five. In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons, a double elimination then took place in the week following the activation of the save, but in the eleventh and thirteenth seasons, a regular single elimination took place. The save was not activated in the twelfth season and consequently, a non-elimination took place in the week after its expiration with the votes then carrying over into the following week.
Question: In what season was the "Judges Save" introduced to give contestants a second chance?
Answer: eight
Question: How many time can the judges save be used each season?
Answer: once
Question: When three are called, one is often sent to what?
Answer: safety
Question: Which season was the Idol Gives Back episode?
Answer: season six |
Context: In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Jack the Groove", and several further house hits reached the top ten that year. Stock Aitken Waterman's productions for Mel and Kim, including the number-one hit "Respectable", added elements of house to their previous Europop sound, and session group Mirage scored top-ten hits with "Jack Mix II" and "Jack Mix IV", medleys of previous electro and Europop hits rearranged in a house style. Key labels in the rise of house music in the UK included:
Question: What was the first house single to hit #1 in the UK?
Answer: Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body"
Question: What year did "Jack Your Body" hit #1 in the UK?
Answer: 1987
Question: Who had a hit single with "jack the groove"?
Answer: Raze
Question: what group's productions for Mel and Kim added elements of house to the europop sound?
Answer: Stock Aitken Waterman
Question: what was the name of mel and kim's number-one hit single in the UK?
Answer: Respectable
Question: What was the first house single to hit #2 in the UK?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did "Jack Your Body" hit #2 in the UK?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had a hit single with Mel and Kim?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What groups productions for Mel and Kim added elements of house to the Hurley sound?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of Mel and Kim's number-one hit single in Chicago?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1967, both nations faced serious challenges that brought their programs to temporary halts. Both had been rushing at full-speed toward the first piloted flights of Apollo and Soyuz, without paying due diligence to growing design and manufacturing problems. The results proved fatal to both pioneering crews.
Question: Both crews were killed on which spacecraft missions in 1967?
Answer: Apollo and Soyuz |
Context: In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary "start" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current. When the secondary (start) winding is placed at an angle with respect to the primary (run) winding, a rotating electric field is created. The force of the rotational field is not constant, but is sufficient to start the rotor spinning. When the rotor comes close to operating speed, a centrifugal switch (or current-sensitive relay in series with the main winding) disconnects the capacitor. The start capacitor is typically mounted to the side of the motor housing. These are called capacitor-start motors, that have relatively high starting torque. Typically they can have up-to four times as much starting torque than a split-phase motor and are used on applications such as compressors, pressure washers and any small device requiring high starting torques.
Question: What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding?
Answer: a rotational motion on the rotor
Question: What sort of capacitors are used on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor?
Answer: series non-polarized starting capacitor
Question: What does the capacitor on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor do?
Answer: introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current
Question: What does the centrifugal switch do the capacitor when the rotor achieves operating speed?
Answer: disconnects the capacitor
Question: Where is the start capacitor commonly mounted?
Answer: to the side of the motor housing
Question: What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What sort of capacitors are never used on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What doesn't the capacitor on the second winding of a squirrel cage motor do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is the start capacitor commonly mounted?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The southern Essonne department specialises in science and technology, and the south-eastern Val-de-Marne, with its wholesale Rungis food market, specialises in food processing and beverages. The Paris region's manufacturing decline is quickly being replaced by eco-industries: these employ about 100,000 workers. In 2011, while only 56,927 construction workers worked in Paris itself, its metropolitan area employed 246,639, in an activity centred largely around the Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378) and Hauts-de-Seine (37,303) departments and the new business-park centres appearing there.
Question: What does the southern Essonne department specialize in?
Answer: science and technology
Question: What does south-eastern Val-de-Marne specialize in?
Answer: food processing and beverages
Question: How many construction workers worked in Paris in 2011?
Answer: 56,927
Question: How many construction workers were employed in the metropolitan area?
Answer: 246,639 |
Context: In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.
Question: What celebration did Arsenal have in the 2011-12 season?
Answer: 125th year anniversary
Question: What do the 15 oak leaves on the anniversary crest indicate?
Answer: founding members
Question: What dates are depicted on the Arsenal anniversary crest?
Answer: 1886 and 2011
Question: What motto is shown on the Arsenal club anniversary crest?
Answer: Forward
Question: Where did the Arsenal team wear the anniversary crest?
Answer: on their jerseys
Question: How many founding fathers were there of Arsenal?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is on top of the crest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What color are the letters of "Forward"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What color are the laurel leaves on the crest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What color are the oak leaves?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the "metaperspective of self", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical contexts such as anorexia nervosa. (Saunderson and O'Kane, 2005). Harré also conceptualises components of self/identity – the "person" (the unique being I am to myself and others) along with aspects of self (including a totality of attributes including beliefs about one's characteristics including life history), and the personal characteristics displayed to others.
Question: Whose definition of identity closely follows Erikson's?
Answer: Laing's
Question: One person's perception of another's perception is an example of what concept?
Answer: metaperspective of self
Question: The person, aspects of self, and personal characteristics displayed to others are components of what?
Answer: self/identity
Question: Whose definition of identity closely follows Liang's
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What concept is one person's perception of their own perception and example?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What term includes characteristics displayed towards others?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What components of the experience itself did Erickson emphasize?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is help others view you an important part of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation is similar to other countries in Northern Europe. The former Prime Minister of Estonia, Andrus Ansip, is also Europe's longest-serving Prime Minister (from 2005 until 2014). The current Estonian Prime Minister is Taavi Rõivas, who is the former Minister of Social Affairs and the head of the Estonian Reform Party.
Question: Who is the leader of Estonia's government?
Answer: the Prime Minister of Estonia
Question: What political structure aids the Prime Minister?
Answer: a multi-party system
Question: The political scene of Estonia is similar to other countries in what continent?
Answer: Northern Europe
Question: Who is Europe's longest serving Prime Minister?
Answer: Andrus Ansip |
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