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Context: For multicellular organisms, typically the embryo is engineered which grows into the adult genetically modified organism. However, the genomes of cells in an adult organism can be edited using gene therapy techniques to treat genetic diseases.
Question: For what sort of organisms is the embryo normally engineered?
Answer: multicellular organisms
Question: What techniques can be used to alter the genomes of an adult organism to treat genetic disease?
Answer: gene therapy techniques
Question: What part of the organism is usually created which becomes a developed genetically altered organism?
Answer: the embryo
Question: What can be changed in an adult organism using gene therapy techniques?
Answer: the genomes of cells
Question: What can be treated using genetic engineering?
Answer: genetic diseases
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Context: Under the provisions of the 1833 India Act, control of Saint Helena was passed from the East India Company to the British Crown, becoming a crown colony. Subsequent administrative cost-cutting triggered the start of a long-term population decline whereby those who could afford to do so tended to leave the island for better opportunities elsewhere. The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steam ships not reliant on trade winds, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional South Atlantic shipping lanes to a route via the Red Sea (which, prior to the building of the Suez Canal, involved a short overland section). These factors contributed to a decline in the number of ships calling at the island from 1,100 in 1855 to only 288 in 1889.
Question: What act gave control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?
Answer: 1833 India Act
Question: Who turned over control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?
Answer: East India Company
Question: During the latter half of the 19th century what ships became prevalent that weren't dependent on trade winds?
Answer: steam ships
Question: How many ships were going to the island in 1855?
Answer: 1,100
Question: By 1889 how many ships were going to the island?
Answer: 288
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Context: In the context of trademarks, this expansion has been driven by international efforts to harmonise the definition of "trademark", as exemplified by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified in 1994, which formalized regulations for IP rights that had been handled by common law, or not at all, in member states. Pursuant to TRIPs, any sign which is "capable of distinguishing" the products or services of one business from the products or services of another business is capable of constituting a trademark.
Question: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified?
Answer: 1994
Question: What type of law handled IP rights before 1994 in TRIP signatories?
Answer: common law
Question: What type of IP did the TRIP agreement harmonize the definition of?
Answer: trademark
Question: What is any sign which is capable of distinguishing one business's product from another business's?
Answer: a trademark
Question: What type of law handled IP rights after 1994?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of IP did the TRIP agreement muddied the definition of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a sign that is often shared between one business and another?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Before TRIP how was a trademark defined?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The predominant school of thought in the 13th century was the Thomistic reconciliation of the teachings of Aristotle with Christian theology. The Condemnation of 1277, enacted at the University of Paris, placed restrictions on ideas that could be interpreted as heretical; restrictions that had implication for Aristotelian thought. An alternative was presented by William of Ockham, who insisted that the world of reason and the world of faith had to be kept apart. Ockham introduced the principle of parsimony – or Occam's razor – whereby a simple theory is preferred to a more complex one, and speculation on unobservable phenomena is avoided.
Question: Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 13th century?
Answer: Thomistic
Question: Where was the Condemnation of 1277 enacted?
Answer: University of Paris
Question: Which philosopher believed that reason and faith were to be kept separate?
Answer: William of Ockham
Question: What is the common name for William of Ockham's principle of parsimony?
Answer: Occam's razor
Question: On what types of ideas did the Condemnation of 1277 place restrictions?
Answer: heretical
Question: Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 12th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the Condemnation of 1727 enacted?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which philosopher believed that reason and faith were to be kept together?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the uncommon name for William of Ockham's principle of parsimony?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what types of ideas did the Condemnation of 1272 place restrictions?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.
Question: What was the new currency in Bermuda as of 1970?
Answer: Bermudian dollar
Question: The Bermudian dollar is equal to what other currency and can be used interchangeably?
Answer: US dollar
Question: Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth II.
Question: Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?
Answer: Bermuda Monetary Authority
Question: Where can you see a permanent exhibition of Bermuda currency?
Answer: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum
Question: What did the country switch in 1907?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What currency did Bermuda switch to in 1907?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who do the US notes carry the image of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the Naval Dockyard Royal Museum hold a permanent collection of?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone. The Latin translation of his philosophical novel, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.
Question: What was 'Abubacer' normally called?
Answer: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail
Question: What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?
Answer: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail
Question: What was Ibn Tufail's religion?
Answer: Muslim
Question: What was Ibn Tufail's ethnicity?
Answer: Andalusian
Question: When did Ibn Tufail live?
Answer: 12th century CE
Question: When was John Locke's essay written?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Edward Pococke the Younger's religion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was John Locke from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Ibn Tufail publish in 1671?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Hayy ibn Yaqdhan mean?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Glass-ceramic materials share many properties with both non-crystalline glass and crystalline ceramics. They are formed as a glass, and then partially crystallized by heat treatment. For example, the microstructure of whiteware ceramics frequently contains both amorphous and crystalline phases. Crystalline grains are often embedded within a non-crystalline intergranular phase of grain boundaries. When applied to whiteware ceramics, vitreous means the material has an extremely low permeability to liquids, often but not always water, when determined by a specified test regime.
Question: What word means that ceramics don't absorb liquids?
Answer: vitreous
Question: What hardens glass-ceramics?
Answer: heat treatment
Question: What materials do glass ceramics have a lot in common with?
Answer: non-crystalline glass and crystalline ceramics
Question: What word means that ceramics don't absorb crystalline?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What hardens liquids?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What materials do test regimes have a lot in common with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is water often embedded within?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are permeability materials formed as?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam). The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan. The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small band of the Lenape, in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders (about $1000 in 2006); a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.
Question: On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs?
Answer: Governors Island
Question: On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?
Answer: Manhattan Island
Question: In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam?
Answer: 1625
Question: What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?
Answer: Peter Minuit
Question: In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan?
Answer: 1626
Question: New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year?
Answer: 1624
Question: What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island?
Answer: 1625
Question: What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ?
Answer: glass beads
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Context: The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Nigeria and transferred him to the SCSL for trial in The Hague. In 2006, the government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to address the causes and crimes of the civil war.
Question: The 2005 elections were known as what?
Answer: the most free and fair in Liberian history
Question: Who is ellen johnson sirleaf?
Answer: a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance
Question: Who was elected the first female president of Africa?
Answer: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Question: Movement For democracy in Liberia requested the extradition of whom"
Answer: Taylor from Nigeria
Question: What was created to address the causes of civil war?
Answer: Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Question: What elections saw the defeat of Sirleaf?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was Taylor extradited from Nigeria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the first non-African president in Africa?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was created to address the inauguration of Sirleaf?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was transferred from The Hague for trial in the NIgeria?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The Licchavis from the Indo-Gangetic plain migrated north and defeated the Kiratas, establishing the Licchavi dynasty. During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery in Sankhu masquerading as Koliyas. From Sankhu, they migrated to Yambu and Yengal (Lanjagwal and Manjupattan) and established the first permanent Buddhist monasteries of Kathmandu. This created the basis of Newar Buddhism, which is the only surviving Sanskrit-based Buddhist tradition in the world. With their migration, Yambu was called Koligram and Yengal was called Dakshin Koligram during most of the Licchavi era.
Question: Who won the war between the Licchavis and the Kiratas?
Answer: Licchavis
Question: Who did the migrating Shakyas pretend to be?
Answer: Koliyas
Question: What sect of Buddhism is the only remaining one based in Sanskrit?
Answer: Newar
Question: Who killed the Shakyas?
Answer: Virudhaka
Question: Under the Licchavi dynasty, what name was typically used to refer to Yengal?
Answer: Dakshin Koligram
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Context: Furthermore, the amount of time adolescents spend on work and leisure activities varies greatly by culture as a result of cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors. American teenagers spend less time in school or working and more time on leisure activities—which include playing sports, socializing, and caring for their appearance—than do adolescents in many other countries. These differences may be influenced by cultural values of education and the amount of responsibility adolescents are expected to assume in their family or community.
Question: Do American teenagers spend more or less time in shool than adolescents in other countires?
Answer: less
Question: Do American teenagers spend more or less time on leisure activities than adolescents in other countries?
Answer: more
Question: Does the amount of time adolescents spend on work and leisure vary from culture to culture or reman relatively constant?
Answer: varies greatly
Question: What are two potential reasons that adolescents in different cultures spend varying time on work and leisure activities?
Answer: cultural norms and expectations, as well as various socioeconomic factors
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Context: The developments during World War II continued for a short time into the post-war period as well. In particular the U.S. Army set up a huge air defence network around its larger cities based on radar-guided 90 mm and 120 mm guns. US efforts continued into the 1950s with the 75 mm Skysweeper system, an almost fully automated system including the radar, computers, power, and auto-loading gun on a single powered platform. The Skysweeper replaced all smaller guns then in use in the Army, notably the 40 mm Bofors. In Europe NATO's Allied Command Europe developed an integrated air defence system, NATO Air Defence Ground Environment (NADGE), that later became the NATO Integrated Air Defence System.
Question: Which military set up a large air defence network surrounding its larger cities?
Answer: the U.S. Army
Question: What US system was created in the 1950s that included radar and computers?
Answer: the 75 mm Skysweeper system
Question: The Skysweeper replaced the small guns that the Army was using, including which one?
Answer: the 40 mm Bofors
Question: What does NADGE stand for?
Answer: NATO Air Defence Ground Environment
Question: What did NADGE become?
Answer: the NATO Integrated Air Defence System
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Context: The kingdom grew to its largest extent under Mithridates VI, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Lesser Armenia, the Bosporan Kingdom, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. Mithridates VI, himself of mixed Persian and Greek ancestry, presented himself as the protector of the Greeks against the 'barbarians' of Rome styling himself as "King Mithridates Eupator Dionysus." and as the "great liberator". Mithridates also depicted himself with the anastole hairstyle of Alexander and used the symbolism of Herakles whom the Macedonian kings claimed descend from. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic wars, Pontus was defeated, part of it was incorporated into the Roman Republic as the province Bithynia and Pontus and the eastern half survived as a client kingdom.
Question: Who ruled when the Kingdom of Pontus' was at it's biggest?
Answer: Mithridates VI
Question: Who called themselves King Mithridates Eupator Dionysus?
Answer: Mithridates VI
Question: What hairstyle did Mithridates IV copy from Alexander?
Answer: anastole
Question: Who did the Macedoniankings claim Mithridates IV descended from?
Answer: Herakles
Question: Pontus was defeated in what wars?
Answer: Mithridatic
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Context: Archaeological discovery shows that "Nanjing Man" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.
Question: How long ago did "Nanjing Man" live?
Answer: more than 500 thousand years ago
Question: What vessel was found 5000 years ago?
Answer: Zun, a kind of wine vessel
Question: When was the the fort of Yuecheng built?
Answer: 473 BC
Question: How long had Nanjing been the capital city of Yangzhou?
Answer: about 400 years
Question: When was the Wu state created?
Answer: the late period of Shang dynasty
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Context: The English concentrated on the spirit of the events of Christ's life, not the literality of events. They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation. They wanted to create in themselves that environment that allowed Jesus to fulfill His divine mission, insofar as they were able. At the center of this environment was love: the love that Christ showed for humanity in becoming human. Christ's love reveals the mercy of God and His care for His creation. English Dominican mystics sought through this love to become images of God. Love led to spiritual growth that, in turn, reflected an increase in love for God and humanity. This increase in universal love allowed men's wills to conform to God's will, just as Christ's will submitted to the Father's will.
Question: The English Dominican Order focused primarily on what?
Answer: the events of Christ's life
Question: What did the English Order not care about?
Answer: the stigmata
Question: The English Dominican Order wanted to put what at the center of their study of Christ?
Answer: love
Question: What does Christ's love reveal to humanity?
Answer: the mercy of God
Question: What does love lead to according to English mystics?
Answer: spiritual growth
Question: What did the French Dominican order focus primarily on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the English Dominican Order expect and seek the appearance of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the English Dominican Order not want to create in themselves?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the French Dominican Order want to put at the the center of their study of Christ?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does love lead to according to French mystics?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance. A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life.
Question: Who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion, and ignorance?
Answer: a Buddha
Question: A Buddha is no longer bound by what?
Answer: Samsara
Question: What do unawakend people experience?
Answer: suffering
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Context: The In-no-cho filled the void left by the decline of Fujiwara power. Rather than being banished, the Fujiwara were mostly retained in their old positions of civil dictator and minister of the center while being bypassed in decision making. In time, many of the Fujiwara were replaced, mostly by members of the rising Minamoto family. While the Fujiwara fell into disputes among themselves and formed northern and southern factions, the insei system allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over the throne. The period from 1086 to 1156 was the age of supremacy of the In-no-cho and of the rise of the military class throughout the country. Military might rather than civil authority dominated the government.
Question: The decline of the Fujiwara's governmental power was filled by what?
Answer: In-no-cho
Question: The members of what clan gradually replaced the Fujiwaras?
Answer: Minamoto
Question: What allowed the paternal line of the imperial family to gain influence over royal succession?
Answer: insei system
Question: The In-no-cho was prominent during what years?
Answer: 1086 to 1156
Question: Who left a void for the Fujiwara to fill?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did the emperor banish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was sought out in decision making?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other family was replaced by the Fujiwara?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The government broadened land ownership by returning land that had been sold to large landowners in the late Ming period by families unable to pay the land tax. To give people more incentives to participate in the market, they reduced the tax burden in comparison with the late Ming, and replaced the corvée system with a head tax used to hire laborers. The administration of the Grand Canal was made more efficient, and transport opened to private merchants. A system of monitoring grain prices eliminated severe shortages, and enabled the price of rice to rise slowly and smoothly through the 18th century. Wary of the power of wealthy merchants, Qing rulers limited their trading licenses and usually refused them permission to open new mines, except in poor areas. These restrictions on domestic resource exploration, as well as on foreign trade, are held by some scholars as a cause of the Great Divergence, by which the Western world overtook China economically.
Question: What did the Qing do to reform land ownership?
Answer: reduced the tax burden
Question: What happened to the price of rice during the 18th century?
Answer: rise slowly and smoothly
Question: What was the Great Divergence?
Answer: Western world overtook China economically
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Context: A group is called finite if it has a finite number of elements. The number of elements is called the order of the group. An important class is the symmetric groups SN, the groups of permutations of N letters. For example, the symmetric group on 3 letters S3 is the group consisting of all possible orderings of the three letters ABC, i.e. contains the elements ABC, ACB, ..., up to CBA, in total 6 (or 3 factorial) elements. This class is fundamental insofar as any finite group can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group SN for a suitable integer N (Cayley's theorem). Parallel to the group of symmetries of the square above, S3 can also be interpreted as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle.
Question: What does a finite group include?
Answer: a finite number of elements
Question: What is the number of elements in a group named?
Answer: the order of the group
Question: What type of class has a finite group that can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group?
Answer: fundamental
Question: What can be described as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle?
Answer: S3
Question: What is called the order of the group?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does a finite number of elements include?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can a subgroup of a symmetric group SN can be expressed as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the group of symmetries of a S3?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Paris is located in northern central France. By road it is 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of London, 287 kilometres (178 mi) south of Calais, 305 kilometres (190 mi) south-west of Brussels, 774 kilometres (481 mi) north of Marseille, 385 kilometres (239 mi) north-east of Nantes, and 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-east of Rouen. Paris is located in the north-bending arc of the river Seine and includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream of the city, established around 7600 BC. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft). Montmartre gained its name from the martyrdom of Saint Denis, first bishop of Paris, atop the Mons Martyrum, "Martyr's mound", in 250.
Question: Where in France is Paris located?
Answer: northern central
Question: How many kilometers is it away from London?
Answer: 450
Question: What major river is located in Paris?
Answer: Seine
Question: What is the largest island in Paris?
Answer: Île de la Cité
Question: What is the largest hill in Paris?
Answer: Montmartre
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Context: Five nights later, Birmingham was hit by 369 bombers from KG 54, KG 26, and KG 55. By the end of November, 1,100 bombers were available for night raids. An average of 200 were able to strike per night. This weight of attack went on for two months, with the Luftwaffe dropping 13,900 short tons (12,600 t) of bombs. In November 1940, 6,000 sorties and 23 major attacks (more than 100 tons of bombs dropped) were flown. Two heavy (50 short tons (45 t) of bombs) attacks were also flown. In December, only 11 major and five heavy attacks were made.
Question: How many bombers hit Birmingham?
Answer: 369
Question: For how many months did the night raids continue for?
Answer: two months
Question: How many tons of bombs had to be dropped to be considered a major attack?
Answer: more than 100 tons of bombs dropped
Question: December saw how many attacks?
Answer: only 11 major and five heavy attacks
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Context: In the late 14th century, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vytautas the Great reformed the Grand Duchy's army: instead of calling all men to arms, he created forces comprising professional warriors—bajorai ("nobles"; see the cognate "boyar"). As there were not enough nobles, Vytautas trained suitable men, relieving them of labor on the land and of other duties; for their military service to the Grand Duke, they were granted land that was worked by hired men (veldams). The newly formed noble families generally took up, as their family names, the Lithuanian pagan given names of their ennobled ancestors; this was the case with the Goštautai, Radvilos, Astikai, Kęsgailos and others. These families were granted their coats of arms under the Union of Horodlo (1413).
Question: WHo reformed the grand duchy army?
Answer: Vytautas the Great
Question: vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors?
Answer: bajorai
Question: What names did the newly formed noble families take afteR?
Answer: Lithuanian pagan given names of their ennobled ancestors
Question: What is an example of noble family name?
Answer: Goštautai,
Question: Who gave the coat of arms to others?
Answer: Union of Horodlo
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Context: But in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of "The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will venture to call 'humanism', for the time has come to create a word for such a beautiful and necessary thing". The latter part of the 18th and the early 19th centuries saw the creation of numerous grass-roots "philanthropic" and benevolent societies dedicated to human betterment and the spreading of knowledge (some Christian, some not). After the French Revolution, the idea that human virtue could be created by human reason alone independently from traditional religious institutions, attributed by opponents of the Revolution to Enlightenment philosophes such as Rousseau, was violently attacked by influential religious and political conservatives, such as Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre, as a deification or idolatry of humanity. Humanism began to acquire a negative sense. The Oxford English Dictionary records the use of the word "humanism" by an English clergyman in 1812 to indicate those who believe in the "mere humanity" (as opposed to the divine nature) of Christ, i.e., Unitarians and Deists. In this polarised atmosphere, in which established ecclesiastical bodies tended to circle the wagons and reflexively oppose political and social reforms like extending the franchise, universal schooling, and the like, liberal reformers and radicals embraced the idea of Humanism as an alternative religion of humanity. The anarchist Proudhon (best known for declaring that "property is theft") used the word "humanism" to describe a "culte, déification de l’humanité" ("worship, deification of humanity") and Ernest Renan in L’avenir de la science: pensées de 1848 ("The Future of Knowledge: Thoughts on 1848") (1848–49), states: "It is my deep conviction that pure humanism will be the religion of the future, that is, the cult of all that pertains to humanity—all of life, sanctified and raised to the level of a moral value."
Question: During which period was the philosophy of humanism next updated?
Answer: French Enlightenment
Question: What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time?
Answer: idolatry of humanity
Question: Who continued to support the belief system despite its critics?
Answer: liberal reformers and radicals
Question: Who felt that humanism would surely be a major "religion" today?
Answer: Ernest Renan
Question: Which period was the philosophy of humanism banned?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the criticism of Humanism made by magicians of the time?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who continued to end the belief system despite its critics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who felt that humanism would surely be a minor "religion" today?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What idea was never attacked?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities. The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998. (Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959.)
Question: What does the Inner City Press now focus on?
Answer: national issues
Question: Who is the Riverdale Press's editor?
Answer: Bernard Stein
Question: When did Stein win a Pulitzer?
Answer: 1998
Question: Why did Stein win a Pulitzer?
Answer: for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues
Question: Where did Stein graduate from?
Answer: the Bronx High School of Science
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Context: Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.
Question: What was rarely used?
Answer: brisure
Question: Where did the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe?
Answer: Poland
Question: Where did men get their coat of arms usually?
Answer: their fathers
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Context: In February 1853, the British government of Lord Aberdeen, the prime minister, re-appointed Stratford Canning as British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.:110 Having resigned the ambassadorship in January, he had been replaced by Colonel Rose as chargé d'affaires. Lord Stratford then turned around and sailed back to Constantinople, arriving there on 5 April 1853. There he convinced the Sultan to reject the Russian treaty proposal, as compromising the independence of the Turks. The Leader of the Opposition in the British House of Commons, Benjamin Disraeli, blamed Aberdeen and Stratford's actions for making war inevitable, thus starting the process which would eventually force the Aberdeen government to resign in January 1855, over the war.
Question: Who was the Prime Minister of the British Government in 1853?
Answer: Lord Aberdeen
Question: Who did Aberdeen appoint the position of British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire to?
Answer: Stratford Canning
Question: Who replaced Stratford Canning after he first resigned as British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire ?
Answer: Colonel Rose
Question: After resigning where did Stratford Canning sail off to?
Answer: Constantinople
Question: Who did Stratford Canning convince to turn down the treaty proposal?
Answer: Sultan
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Context: The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance, and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. Organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents because the cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes in their parents' cells. In asexually reproducing organisms, the offspring will be a genetic copy or clone of the parent organism. In sexually reproducing organisms, a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produces cells called gametes or germ cells that are haploid, or contain only one copy of each gene.:20.2 The gametes produced by females are called eggs or ova, and those produced by males are called sperm. Two gametes fuse to form a diploid fertilized egg, a single cell that has two sets of genes, with one copy of each gene from the mother and one from the father.:20
Question: The duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for what?
Answer: molecular inheritance
Question: Why do organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents?
Answer: cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes in their parents' cells
Question: In what type of organism will the offspring be a genetic copy or clone of the parent organism?
Answer: In asexually reproducing organisms
Question: In what type of organism will a specialized form of cell division called meiosis produce cells called gametes?
Answer: In sexually reproducing organisms
Question: What are the gametes produced by females called?
Answer: eggs or ova
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Context: The lifestyle of an adolescent in a given culture is profoundly shaped by the roles and responsibilities he or she is expected to assume. The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior. For instance, adolescents in certain cultures are expected to contribute significantly to household chores and responsibilities. Household chores are frequently divided into self-care tasks and family-care tasks. However, specific household responsibilities for adolescents may vary by culture, family type, and adolescent age. Some research has shown that adolescent participation in family work and routines has a positive influence on the development of an adolescent's feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others.
Question: Does adolescent participation in family work and routines have a positive or negative influence on feelings of self-worth, care, and concern for others?
Answer: positive
Question: What is one large determining factor in normative adolescent behavior?
Answer: The extent to which an adolescent is expected to share family responsibilities
Question: How are household chores frequently divided?
Answer: self-care tasks and family-care tasks
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Context: By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.
Question: What county is Tuscon located in?
Answer: Pima County
Question: What was the population of Tuscon in 2006?
Answer: 535,000
Question: what were veterans in need of after World War I?
Answer: respiratory therapy
Question: What did the U.S. Veterans Administration build around 1910?
Answer: Veterans Hospital
Question: What was the population of Tuscon in 1940?
Answer: 36,818
Question: What was Tucson's population in 1900?
Answer: 7,531
Question: What was Tucson's population in 1910?
Answer: 13,913
Question: What was Tucson's population in 1920?
Answer: 20,292
Question: What was Tucson's population in 1940?
Answer: 36,818
Question: What was Tucson's population in 2006?
Answer: 535,000
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Context: The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.
Question: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?
Answer: kit
Question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?
Answer: An athletic supporter and protective cup
Question: Who wears clothing that easily sets them apart from everyone else on the field?
Answer: goalkeeper
Question: wearing anything that could be dangerous is what?
Answer: forbidden
Question: What is not required but can be chosen to protect a player from head injuries?
Answer: Headgear
Question: What is the equipment a player wears never called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is highly recommended by medical experts for female players?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who wears clothing that matches everyone else on the field?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Wearing anything that could be dangerous is never what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is required to protect a player from head injuries?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Waste management including sewage treatment, the linked processes of deforestation and soil degradation, and climate change or global warming are the major environmental problems in Nigeria. Waste management presents problems in a mega city like Lagos and other major Nigerian cities which are linked with economic development, population growth and the inability of municipal councils to manage the resulting rise in industrial and domestic waste. This huge waste management problem is also attributable to unsustainable environmental management lifestyles of Kubwa Community in the Federal Capital Territory, where there are habits of indiscriminate disposal of waste, dumping of waste along or into the canals, sewerage systems that are channels for water flows, etc.
Question: What is the largest Nigerian city?
Answer: Lagos
Question: What type of groups have been failing to keep up with waste management in Nigeria?
Answer: municipal councils
Question: What Nigerian community has the worst unsustainable waste management?
Answer: Kubwa Community
Question: What territory is Kubwa Community in?
Answer: Federal Capital Territory
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Context: The Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.
Question: What is the fourth of the Buddha's Four Noble Truths?
Answer: The Noble Eightfold Path
Question: What is the purpose of the Noble Eightfold Path?
Answer: lead to the cessation of dukkha
Question: What are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path?
Answer: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration
Question: The Noble Eightfold Path is which of Buddha's Truths?
Answer: the fourth
Question: The fourth truth consists of how many factors?
Answer: Eight
Question: What is the end goal of the Fourth Truth?
Answer: the cessation of dukkha
Question: What is one of the eight factors?
Answer: Right Action
Question: The Noble Eightfold Path is which Noble Truth?
Answer: the fourth
Question: The noble Eightfold path is a set of how many inerconnected factors?
Answer: eight
Question: When the eight factors are developed together, is leads to the cessation of what?
Answer: dukkha
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Context: Meanwhile, in January 1968, Nasser commenced the War of Attrition to reclaim territory captured by Israel, ordering attacks against Israeli positions east of the then-blockaded Suez Canal. In March, Nasser offered Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement arms and funds after their performance against Israeli forces in the Battle of Karameh that month. He also advised Arafat to think of peace with Israel and the establishment of a Palestinian state comprising the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Nasser effectively ceded his leadership of the "Palestine issue" to Arafat.
Question: What was the endeavor to reclaim territory from Israel called?
Answer: War of Attrition
Question: In what year did the War of Attrition begin?
Answer: 1968
Question: Who led the Fatah movement?
Answer: Yasser Arafat
Question: In what battle had the Fatah movement distinguished itself?
Answer: Battle of Karameh
Question: To whom did Nasser give authority to deal with Israel?
Answer: Arafat
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Context: In response to pro-Tibet and pro-human rights protests, the Chinese media focused on the more disruptive protesters, referring for example to "a very small number of 'Tibet independence' secessionists and a handful of so-called human rights-minded NGO activists" intent on "disrupting and sabotaging the Beijing Olympic Games". However, the Chinese media published articles about crowds supporting the torch relay.
Question: What did the Chinese media focus on as far as human rights protesters?
Answer: the more disruptive protesters
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Context: Communism remained an important focus especially during the 1950s and 1960s. Colonialism and racism were important issues that arose. In general, there was a marked trend towards a pragmatic approach to political issues, rather than a philosophical one. Much academic debate regarded one or both of two pragmatic topics: how (or whether) to apply utilitarianism to problems of political policy, or how (or whether) to apply economic models (such as rational choice theory) to political issues. The rise of feminism, LGBT social movements and the end of colonial rule and of the political exclusion of such minorities as African Americans and sexual minorities in the developed world has led to feminist, postcolonial, and multicultural thought becoming significant. This led to a challenge to the social contract by philosophers Charles W. Mills in his book The Racial Contract and Carole Patemen in her book The Sexual Contract that the social contract excluded persons of colour and women respectively.
Question: What remained an important focus during the 1950s and 1960s?
Answer: Communism
Question: There was a marked trend towards what type of approach to political issues?
Answer: pragmatic approach
Question: Who wrote The Racial Contract?
Answer: Charles W. Mills
Question: Who wrote The Sexual Contract?
Answer: Carole Patemen
Question: What was a political exclusion in the 1950's and 1960's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the trend towards dealing with racism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did utilitarianism lead to in the developed world?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Communism mention about who was excluded in society?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was one approach to the debate about colonialism?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In 1962, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially-sponsored prayer or religious recitations in public schools. In Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), the Court, by a vote of 6-1, determined it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and require its recitation in public schools, even when the prayer is non-denominational and students may excuse themselves from participation. (The prayer required by the New York State Board of Regents prior to the Court's decision consisted of: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country. Amen.") As the Court stated:
Question: When did the Supreme Court address the issue of officially sponsored prayer in public schools?
Answer: 1962
Question: What was the case in 1962 where the Supreme Court addressed the issue of officially sponsored school prayer?
Answer: Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421
Question: By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an official school prayer?
Answer: 6-1
Question: Even if a prayer is non-denominational it's still considered what?
Answer: unconstitutional
Question: When did the Supreme Court address the issue of unofficially sponsored prayer in public schools?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the case in 1962 where the Supreme Court addressed the issue of unofficially sponsored school prayer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: By what vote did the Supreme Court determine it unconstitutional for state official to compose an unofficial school prayer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Even if a prayer is denominational it's still considered what?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments, since their home equity had disappeared. This caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate, ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender.
Question: Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?
Answer: California Attorney General Jerry Brown
Question: What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments?
Answer: adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)
Question: What happened to home equity when housing prices decreased?
Answer: disappeared
Question: Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated?
Answer: Office of Thrift Supervision
Question: What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have?
Answer: weak credit
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Context: Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s. Aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells, several thermochemical processes have also been explored. One such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures (2,300–2,600 °C or 4,200–4,700 °F). Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods. Thermochemical cycles characterized by the decomposition and regeneration of reactants present another avenue for hydrogen production. The Solzinc process under development at the Weizmann Institute uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide (ZnO) at temperatures above 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). This initial reaction produces pure zinc, which can subsequently be reacted with water to produce hydrogen.
Question: What is the name of the process under development at the Weizmann Institute?
Answer: The Solzinc process
Question: The Solznic process produces what?
Answer: pure zinc
Question: What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s?
Answer: Hydrogen production technologies
Question: What is one of the thermochemical processes that has been explored besides electrolysis?
Answer: uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures
Question: What is the name of the process being developed by the Weizmann Institute?
Answer: Solzinc process
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Context: Flares can also be used by the military to mark positions, usually for targeting, but laser-guided and GPS weapons have eliminated this need for the most part.
Question: What can be used by military for targeting?
Answer: Flares
Question: What has eliminated the need for flares on a battlefield?
Answer: laser-guided and GPS weapons
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Context: In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that researchers would not be likely to discover the process (the U.S. reclassification program). An audit indicated that more than one third withdrawn since 1999 did not contain sensitive information. The program was originally scheduled to end in 2007.
Question: When was the reclassification program originally intended to end?
Answer: 2007
Question: How was the reclassification of documents in '06 revealed?
Answer: public hearing
Question: In what year was the Archivist of the US hired?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the reclassification program created?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Archivist of the US and researchers have between them?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Archivist and researchers plan to withdraw in the name of national security?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Would NARA be likely to find out about the researchers reclassification program?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.
Question: By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
Answer: 1975
Question: What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?
Answer: neighbourhood comprehensives
Question: Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what?
Answer: comprehensive schools
Question: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?
Answer: Sandwell and Dudley
Question: By what year didn't the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: By what year did the 21-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What didn't secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Grammar schools that closed were converted to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '60s?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of Tibet Area (Ü-Tsang). The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913 without recognition by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang, China. The region maintained its autonomy until 1951 when, following the Battle of Chamdo, Tibet became incorporated into the People's Republic of China, and the previous Tibetan government was abolished in 1959 after a failed uprising. Today, China governs western and central Tibet as the Tibet Autonomous Region while the eastern areas are now mostly ethnic autonomous prefectures within Sichuan, Qinghai and other neighbouring provinces. There are tensions regarding Tibet's political status and dissident groups that are active in exile. It is also said that Tibetan activists in Tibet have been arrested or tortured.
Question: In what year was the Tibetan government abolished?
Answer: 1959
Question: In what year did Xinhai revolt against the Qing dynasty?
Answer: 1912
Question: Where is the Tibet Autonomous Region?
Answer: western and central Tibet
Question: Which battle led to Tibet's incorporation into the People's Republic of China?
Answer: Battle of Chamdo
Question: What year did the Qing Revolution take place?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What region declared independence in 1912?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Tibet become incorporated into in 1915?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was abolished in 1599?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: What little there was, started with Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80), and Claude Nicolas Ledoux's Barriere des Bonshommes (1785–89). First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that sought to discern the principles of the Greeks instead of their mere practices. It would take until Laboustre's Neo-Grec of the second Empire for the Greek revival to flower briefly in France.
Question: What is the earliest example of Greek architecture in France?
Answer: Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80
Question: How concerned was France with Greek architecture?
Answer: Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French
Question: Who's influence brought about Greek revival in France?
Answer: Laboustre
Question: In which wave of neoclassical was the greek revival in France?
Answer: second Empire
Question: Who consider first-hand evidence of Greek architecture very important?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What sought to discern the practices of the Greeks?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What revival flourished in France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What started with the crypt of Claude Nicholas Ludoux?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal, 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad.
Question: There may be Iron Age findings near Hyderabad, what age are they thought to be from?
Answer: 500 BCE
Question: What was the Hyderabad region known as under the Chalukya dynasty?
Answer: Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill")
Question: What time period did the Chalukya dynasty rule the Hyderabad region?
Answer: 624 CE to 1075 CE
Question: When did the Calukya empire split into four?
Answer: the 11th century
Question: What was the capital of Golkonda in the mid 12th century?
Answer: Warangal
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Context: There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly through the Internet, the colors are typically pre-converted to 8-bit RGB channels for additional storage savings with the assumption that it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen. As an added benefit to the original broadcasters, the losses of the pre-conversion essentially make these files unsuitable for professional TV re-broadcasting.
Question: Is there a single standard for HDTV color support?
Answer: no
Question: Before being converted to RGB, colors are ususally broadcasted using what color space?
Answer: YUV
Question: Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what?
Answer: a RGB color space
Question: When transmitted over the internet, colors are typically to what?
Answer: 8-bit RGB channels
Question: What assumption is made with colors being transmitted over the internet?
Answer: it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen
Question: Is there a single standard for SDTV color support?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Before being converted to RGB, colors are not usually broadcasted using what color space?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Colors are typically broadcast using UUV and then converted to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When transmitted over the internet, black and white are typically to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What assumption is made with colors being transmitted not over the internet?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Videophone calls (also: videocalls, video chat as well as Skype and Skyping in verb form), differ from videoconferencing in that they expect to serve individuals, not groups. However that distinction has become increasingly blurred with technology improvements such as increased bandwidth and sophisticated software clients that can allow for multiple parties on a call. In general everyday usage the term videoconferencing is now frequently used instead of videocall for point-to-point calls between two units. Both videophone calls and videoconferencing are also now commonly referred to as a video link.
Question: Videophone calls are different from videoconferencing in what way?
Answer: serve individuals, not groups
Question: What is an example of a videophone call program?
Answer: Skype
Question: What term is more used today to refer to calls between two units?
Answer: videoconferencing
Question: What are videoconferencing calls now more commonly known as?
Answer: a video link
Question: What is another name for videophone calls?
Answer: video chat
Question: What technology serves sophisticated software clients and not groups?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How does increased bandwidth differ from point-to-point calls?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an example of a teleconferencing program?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are software clients and multiple parties commonly called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of call is another name for point-to-point chat?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought.
Question: What four types of thought developed during the period of late mahayna buddhism?
Answer: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic
Question: What was the latest thought type?
Answer: Buddhist Logic
Question: In India the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were Madhyamaka and what else?
Answer: Yogacara
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Context: Biographers Blundy and Lycett believed that he was "a populist at heart." Throughout Libya, crowds of supporters would turn up to public events at which he appeared; described as "spontaneous demonstrations" by the government, there are recorded instances of groups being coerced or paid to attend. He was typically late to public events, and would sometimes not show up at all. Although Bianco thought he had a "gift for oratory", he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famed for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches, which typically involved criticising Israel and the U.S.
Question: Who referred to Gaddafi as a populist?
Answer: Blundy and Lycett
Question: Who stated that Gaddafi was a gifted speaker?
Answer: Bianco
Question: Who noted that Gaddafi made long speeches?
Answer: Daniel Kawczynski
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Context: Inline hockey was first played in 1995 and has also become more and more popular in the last years. The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championships. Namibia is the home for one of the toughest footraces in the world, the Namibian ultra marathon. The most famous athlete from Namibia is Frankie Fredericks, sprinter (100 and 200 m). He won four Olympic silver medals (1992, 1996) and also has medals from several World Athletics Championships. He is also known for humanitarian activities in Namibia and beyond.
Question: What popular sport was first played in Namibia in 1995?
Answer: Inline hockey
Question: Which team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championship?
Answer: Women's inline hockey National Team
Question: What is the toughest footrace around the world?
Answer: Namibian ultra marathon
Question: Who is the most famous athlete from Namibia?
Answer: Frankie Fredericks
Question: What sport does the most famous Namibian athlete participate in?
Answer: sprinter
Question: When was the Women's inline hockey National Team first formed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which country won the women's 2008 FIRS World Championships?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the first Namibian ultra marathon first held?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Olympic silver medals did Frankie Fredericks win at the 1992 Olympics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many medals has Frankie Fredericks won at World Athletic Championships?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among others, are regarded by critics as having been influenced by Chopin's use of national modes and idioms. Alexander Scriabin was devoted to the music of Chopin, and his early published works include nineteen mazurkas, as well as numerous études and preludes; his teacher Nikolai Zverev drilled him in Chopin's works to improve his virtuosity as a performer. In the 20th century, composers who paid homage to (or in some cases parodied) the music of Chopin included George Crumb, Bohuslav Martinů, Darius Milhaud, Igor Stravinsky and Heitor Villa-Lobos.
Question: According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?
Answer: Karol Szymanowski
Question: Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?
Answer: national modes and idioms
Question: Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?
Answer: Nikolai Zverev
Question: Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?
Answer: Karol Szymanowski
Question: Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?
Answer: Alexander Scriabin
Question: Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?
Answer: Nikolai Zverev
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Context: The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Census Bureau notes that these classifications are socio-political constructs and should not be interpreted as scientific or anthropological. Most African Americans also have European ancestry in varying amounts; a lesser proportion have some Native American ancestry. For instance, genetic studies of African Americans show an ancestry that is on average 17–18% European.
Question: How does the U.S. census define "black" Americans?
Answer: having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa
Question: What classification are given?
Answer: socio-political constructs
Question: What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry?
Answer: 17–18%
Question: What is the Census definition not based on?
Answer: scientific or anthropological
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Context: Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution. Smaller organizations, on the other hand, often focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or developing formulations. Often, collaborative agreements between research organizations and large pharmaceutical companies are formed to explore the potential of new drug substances. More recently, multi-nationals are increasingly relying on contract research organizations to manage drug development.
Question: Why are collaborative agreements important?
Answer: to explore the potential of new drug substances
Question: How do large corporations show vertical integration?
Answer: participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution
Question: What are large companies relying on outside organizations for?
Answer: to manage drug development
Question: What are smaller organizations responsible for?
Answer: focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or developing formulations
Question: What type of integration do large corporations often do?
Answer: vertical
Question: What type of integration do smaller organizations do?
Answer: a specific aspect
Question: What type of agreements are made to research potential new drugs?
Answer: collaborative agreements
Question: What type of organizations are multinational corporations increasingly rely on?
Answer: contract research
Question: Why is collaborative distribution important?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do large corporations show multi-nationals integration?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are large companies relying on outside marketing for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are smaller drugs responsible for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of integration do large drugs often do?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The university's Medical Center and University Hospital are located in Kansas City, Kansas. The Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas, in the Kansas City metropolitan area. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons and Topeka, and branches of the University of Kansas School of Medicine in Wichita and Salina. The university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities.
Question: In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's medical school?
Answer: Wichita and Salina
Question: What organization does KU belong to?
Answer: the Association of American Universities
Question: How many insititutions comprise the Association of American Universities' membership?
Answer: 62
Question: In what city can KU's hospital be found?
Answer: Kansas City
Question: In what city can KU's Edwards campus be found?
Answer: Overland Park
Question: In what two cities are there satellite locations for KU's law school?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organization doesn't KU belong to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many insititutions rejected the Association of American Universities' membership?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what city can KU's law school be found?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what city can't KU's Edwards campus be found?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; French: Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (French: les Forces canadiennes, FC), is the unified armed force of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces."
Question: What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Forces armées canadiennes
Question: What law constitutes the CAF?
Answer: the National Defence Act
Question: Who are the CAF supposed to protect?
Answer: Her Majesty
Question: What does CF stand for in this context?
Answer: Forces canadiennes
Question: What does CFA stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the Canadian Armed Forces Act state?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What act names the leader of the les cnadiennes Forces as Her Majesty?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Italian name of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What law constitutes the CEF?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who aren't the CAF supposed to protect?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does COF stand for in this context?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, "It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female." Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, asserted that "Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers." According to Fouz-Hernández, subsequent female singers such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, the Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, and Pink were like her "daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her." Time magazine included her in the list of the "25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century", where she became one of only two singers to be included, alongside Aretha Franklin. She also topped VH1's lists of "100 Greatest Women in Music" and "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era".
Question: Who changed the dynamics of the singers back to mostly female?
Answer: Madonna
Question: Who is the director of the curator of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum?
Answer: Howard Kramer
Question: A lot of modern pop artist grew up listening to whom?
Answer: Madonna,
Question: Who included Madonna as the most powerful woman of the century?
Answer: Time magazine
Question: Who is the other woman who earned the title?
Answer: Aretha Franklin
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Context: New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.
Question: Who first suggested daylight saving?
Answer: George Hudson
Question: From what country did George Hudson hail?
Answer: New Zealand
Question: In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?
Answer: 1895
Question: Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?
Answer: Germany
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Context: The earliest recorded account of a circadian process dates from the 4th century B.C.E., when Androsthenes, a ship captain serving under Alexander the Great, described diurnal leaf movements of the tamarind tree. The observation of a circadian or diurnal process in humans is mentioned in Chinese medical texts dated to around the 13th century, including the Noon and Midnight Manual and the Mnemonic Rhyme to Aid in the Selection of Acu-points According to the Diurnal Cycle, the Day of the Month and the Season of the Year.
Question: What is the earliest recorded instance of circadian rhythm?
Answer: 4th century B.C.E
Question: What ship captain described daily leaf movements?
Answer: Androsthenes
Question: What tree leaves did Androsthenes describe?
Answer: tamarind
Question: What type of Chinese texts mention circadian process in humans?
Answer: medical
Question: When did the Chinese use diurnal rhythms to remember Acu-points?
Answer: 13th century
Question: What was first recorded in 400 BC?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Alexander the great described?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What philosophers first described the diurnal process in humans?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was first described in medical texts during the 1300s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Androsthenes use the noon and midnight manual for?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In 1914, advertising executive Albert Lasker obtained a large block of the club's shares and before the 1916 season assumed majority ownership of the franchise. Lasker brought in a wealthy partner, Charles Weeghman, the proprietor of a popular chain of lunch counters who had previously owned the Chicago Whales of the short-lived Federal League. As principal owners, the pair moved the club from the West Side Grounds to the much newer Weeghman Park, which had been constructed for the Whales only two years earlier, where they remain to this day. The Cubs responded by winning a pennant in the war-shortened season of 1918, where they played a part in another team's curse: the Boston Red Sox defeated Grover Cleveland Alexander's Cubs four games to two in the 1918 World Series, Boston's last Series championship until 2004.
Question: Who obtained a large block of the Cub's shares in 1914?
Answer: Albert Lasker
Question: Who assumed majority ownership of the Cubs franchise by the 1916 season?
Answer: Albert Lasker
Question: Who did Albert Lasker bring in to be his partner of the Chicago Cubs?
Answer: Charles Weeghman
Question: Where did the Cubs move to after leaving the West Side Grounds?
Answer: Weeghman Park
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Context: The republic was a confederation of seven provinces, which had their own governments and were very independent, and a number of so-called Generality Lands. The latter were governed directly by the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government. The States General were seated in The Hague and consisted of representatives of each of the seven provinces. The provinces of the republic were, in official feudal order:
Question: The Dutch Republic consisted of how many provinces?
Answer: seven
Question: Who were the Generality Lands governed by?
Answer: the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch), the federal government
Question: The States General was made up of what?
Answer: representatives of each of the seven provinces
Question: In what order was The Hague arranged?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was a confederation of the federal government?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many governments did the Dutch Republic consist of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the feudal order made up of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the federal government seated?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: After the Council, Paul VI contributed in two ways to the continued growth of ecumenical dialogue. The separated brothers and sisters, as he called them, were not able to contribute to the Council as invited observers. After the Council, many of them took initiative to seek out their Catholic counterparts and the Pope in Rome, who welcomed such visits. But the Catholic Church itself recognized from the many previous ecumenical encounters, that much needed to be done within, to be an open partner for ecumenism. To those who are entrusted the highest and deepest truth and therefore, so Paul VI, believed that he had the most difficult part to communicate. Ecumenical dialogue, in the view of Paul VI, requires from a Catholic the whole person: one's entire reason, will, and heart. Paul VI, like Pius XII before him, was reluctant to give in on a lowest possible point. And yet, Paul felt compelled to admit his ardent Gospel-based desire to be everything to everybody and to help all people Being the successor of Peter, he felt the words of Christ, "Do you love me more" like a sharp knife penetrating to the marrow of his soul. These words meant to Paul VI love without limits, and they underscore the Church's fundamental approach to ecumenism.
Question: In what city did the pope encourage visits from Catholics from other countries?
Answer: Rome
Question: In how many ways did Paul VI contribute to an ecumenical dialogue between Catholics?
Answer: two
Question: In Paul VI's view what does the Catholic ecumenical dialogue require from someone?
Answer: whole person
Question: How much of the person is needed to fully engage in a ecumenical dialogue according to Paul VI?
Answer: whole
Question: To what historical figure can the words "Do you love me more" be attributed?
Answer: Christ
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Context: Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, an economic recession led to increased unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of Iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it.
Question: What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation?
Answer: 1973
Question: What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973?
Answer: economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency
Question: Iran's inflation led to what in 1975-1976?
Answer: an economic recession
Question: Why did millions of youth migrate to the urban areas of Iran in the mid 1970s?
Answer: construction jobs
Question: Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime?
Answer: millions of youth who had migrated to the cities
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Context: Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.
Question: How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have?
Answer: four
Question: What is another term for voice-aspirated?
Answer: breathy-voiced
Question: Which distinction has Punjabi lost?
Answer: breathy-voiced consonants
Question: What languages have unaspirated stops?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Sanskrit has a three-way distinction in what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened to result in a toneless system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an example of a two-way distinction in stops?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The style of Japanese professional wrestling (puroresu) is again different. With its origins in traditional American style of wrestling and still being under the same genre, it has become an entity in itself. Despite the similarity to its American counterpart in that the outcome of the matches remains predetermined, the phenomena are different in the form of the psychology and presentation of the sport; it is treated as a full contact combat sport as it mixes hard hitting martial arts strikes with shoot style submission holds, while in the U.S. it is rather more regarded as an entertainment show. Wrestlers incorporate kicks and strikes from martial arts disciplines, and a strong emphasis is placed on submission wrestling, and unlike the use of involved storylines in the U.S., they are not as intricate in Japan, more emphasis is placed on the concept of Fighting Spirit, meaning the Wrestlers display of physical and mental stamina are valued a lot more than theatrics. Many of Japan's wrestlers including top stars such as Shinya Hashimoto, Riki Choshu and Keiji Mutoh came from a legitimate martial arts background and many Japanese wrestlers in the 1990s began to pursue careers in mixed martial arts organizations such as Pancrase and Shooto which at the time retained the original look of puroresu, but were actual competitions.
Question: How is Japanese wrestling similar to American?
Answer: outcome of the matches remains predetermined
Question: How does Japanese wrestling differ?
Answer: the form of the psychology and presentation of the sport
Question: What does Japanese wrestling combine?
Answer: hard hitting martial arts strikes with shoot style submission holds
Question: What is the emphasis placed on in Japanese wrestling?
Answer: Fighting Spirit
Question: What is a common background for a Japanese wrestler?
Answer: legitimate martial arts
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Context: Airports may also contain premium and VIP services. The premium and VIP services may include express check-in and dedicated check-in counters. These services are usually reserved for First and Business class passengers, premium frequent flyers, and members of the airline's clubs. Premium services may sometimes be open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program. This can sometimes be part of a reciprocal deal, as when multiple airlines are part of the same alliance, or as a ploy to attract premium customers away from rival airlines.
Question: What are some services that are offered by VIP services?
Answer: express check-in and dedicated check-in counters
Question: These services are usually reserved for what class of passengers?
Answer: First and Business class
Question: What type of services are sometimes open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program?
Answer: Premium services
Question: What do rival airlines offer to customers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are First and Business class services?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are two groups that are usually in the frequent flyer program?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What services are always available to passengers who fly with more than one airline?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does an airline want to attract regular passengers from?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: European cultural ideas and institutions began to follow colonial expansion into other parts of the world. There was also a rise, especially toward the end of the era, of nationalism in music (echoing, in some cases, political sentiments of the time), as composers such as Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Antonín Dvořák echoed traditional music of their homelands in their compositions.
Question: What did European cultural ideas follow?
Answer: colonial expansion
Question: What type of music rose toward the end of the era?
Answer: nationalism
Question: What did nationalism in music sometime echo?
Answer: political sentiments of the time
Question: Edvard Grieg and Antonin Dvorak used what kind of music in their compositions?
Answer: traditional music of their homelands
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Context: The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights. The names of knightly genealogiae only came to be associated with heraldic devices later in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The Polish clan name and cry ritualized the ius militare, i.e., the power to command an army; and they had been used some time before 1244 to define knightly status. (Górecki 1992, pp. 183–185).
Question: WHat is the earliest surviving use of the clan name of the polish knights?
Answer: documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure
Question: WHn did the knightly genealogiae associate with heraldic devices?
Answer: Middle Ages and in the early modern period
Question: The polish anem and cry ritualized what?
Answer: the ius militare,
Question: In 1244 the power to command and army had been used to do what?
Answer: define knightly status
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Context: In military affairs, the use of infantry with specialised roles increased. Along with the still-dominant heavy cavalry, armies often included mounted and infantry crossbowmen, as well as sappers and engineers. Crossbows, which had been known in Late Antiquity, increased in use partly because of the increase in siege warfare in the 10th and 11th centuries.[AB] The increasing use of crossbows during the 12th and 13th centuries led to the use of closed-face helmets, heavy body armour, as well as horse armour. Gunpowder was known in Europe by the mid-13th century with a recorded use in European warfare by the English against the Scots in 1304, although it was merely used as an explosive and not as a weapon. Cannon were being used for sieges in the 1320s, and hand-held guns were in use by the 1360s.
Question: In what century did Europeans become aware of gunpowder?
Answer: 13th
Question: Who was recorded as using gunpowder in 1304?
Answer: the English
Question: Against whom was gunpowder used in 1304?
Answer: the Scots
Question: In what decade were siege cannon known to have been used?
Answer: 1320s
Question: What led to the increased use of armor in the 12th century?
Answer: The increasing use of crossbows
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Context: From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of observation posts to report hostile aircraft flying over Britain. Initially radar was used for airspace surveillance to detect approaching hostile aircraft. However, the German Würzburg radar was capable of providing data suitable for controlling AA guns and the British AA No 1 Mk 1 GL radar was designed to be used on AA gun positions.
Question: How many different countries developed radar starting in the 1930s?
Answer: eight
Question: Where was the Observer Corps based?
Answer: Britain
Question: When was the Observer Corps formed?
Answer: 1925
Question: What did the Observer Corps observe and report on?
Answer: hostile aircraft flying over Britain
Question: What was originally used to see hostile aircraft approaching?
Answer: radar
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Context: Very low sounds are also produced in various species of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea and Neuroptera. These low sounds are simply the sounds made by the insect's movement. Through microscopic stridulatory structures located on the insect's muscles and joints, the normal sounds of the insect moving are amplified and can be used to warn or communicate with other insects. Most sound-making insects also have tympanal organs that can perceive airborne sounds. Some species in Hemiptera, such as the corixids (water boatmen), are known to communicate via underwater sounds. Most insects are also able to sense vibrations transmitted through surfaces.
Question: What sound volume is produced by Coleoptera?
Answer: low
Question: Low insect sounds are made by the insect's what?
Answer: movement
Question: Low insect sounds can be heard through what?
Answer: microscopic stridulatory structures
Question: Insect moving sounds are used to warn and do what with other insects?
Answer: communicate
Question: Corixids are able to communicate with what type of sounds?
Answer: underwater
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Context: The rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south led to conflict and volatile relationships with the Khazars and other neighbors on the Pontic steppe. The Khazars dominated the Black Sea steppe during the 8th century, trading and frequently allying with the Byzantine Empire against Persians and Arabs. In the late 8th century, the collapse of the Göktürk Khaganate led the Magyars and the Pechenegs, Ugric and Turkic peoples from Central Asia, to migrate west into the steppe region, leading to military conflict, disruption of trade, and instability within the Khazar Khaganate. The Rus' and Slavs had earlier allied with the Khazars against Arab raids on the Caucasus, but they increasingly worked against them to secure control of the trade routes.
Question: What led to constant problems with the Khazars?
Answer: rapid expansion of the Rus' to the south
Question: Which area did the Khazars rule over?
Answer: Black Sea steppe
Question: Who were allies with the Khazars?
Answer: Byzantine Empire
Question: Who were common enimies to both the Khazars and Byzantine Empire?
Answer: Persians and Arabs
Question: What led to intermittent problems for the Khazars?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had rapid expand to the north?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which area did the Khazars relinquish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who ruled the Black Sea steppe during the 800's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who were the common allies to both the Khazarsand the Byzantine Empire?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In order to view MUSE encoded discs, it was necessary to have a MUSE decoder in addition to a compatible player. There are televisions with MUSE decoding built-in and set top tuners with decoders that can provide the proper MUSE input. Equipment prices were high, especially for early HDTVs which generally eclipsed US$10,000, and even in Japan the market for MUSE was tiny. Players and discs were never officially sold in North America, although several distributors imported MUSE discs along with other import titles. Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Lawrence of Arabia, A League of Their Own, Bugsy, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Bram Stoker's Dracula and Chaplin were among the theatrical releases available on MUSE LDs. Several documentaries, including one about Formula One at Japan's Suzuka Circuit were also released.
Question: What was the price for early HDTVs?
Answer: US$10,000
Question: Did MUSE have a large or small target market, even in Japan?
Answer: tiny
Question: What were some movies that were released on MUSE LaserDiscs?
Answer: Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Lawrence of Arabia, A League of Their Own, Bugsy, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Bram Stoker's Dracula and Chaplin
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Context: The Ottoman economic mind was closely related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it was to get rich resources of revenues by making the productive classes prosperous. The ultimate aim was to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects to prevent the emergence of social disorder and to keep the traditional organization of the society intact.
Question: The economic goal of the state was to serve as what for the ruler?
Answer: consolidation and extension of the ruler's power
Question: In what regions concepts was the Ottoman economic system based on?
Answer: the Middle East
Question: What was a way to reach the economic goals of the Ottoman economic system?
Answer: making the productive classes prosperous
Question: What was the final goal of the state economic system?
Answer: to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects
Question: What did the state economic system hope to avoid?
Answer: the emergence of social disorder
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Context: The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era.
Question: What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?
Answer: Haydn
Question: Haydn is classified as typical of what era?
Answer: Classical
Question: Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?
Answer: Beethoven
Question: Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue?
Answer: Brahms
Question: Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what?
Answer: era
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Context: The Late Bronze Age (from 1700 to 1200 BCE) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years. Here we have an apotropaic situation, where a god originally bringing the plague was invoked to end it. Aplu, meaning the son of, was a title given to the god Nergal, who was linked to the Babylonian god of the sun Shamash. Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god (δεινὸς θεός) who brings death and disease with his arrows, but who can also heal, possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods. In Iliad, his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus, the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats. All these functions, including the function of the healer-god Paean, who seems to have Mycenean origin, are fused in the cult of Apollo.
Question: What age ran from 1700 to 1200 BCE?
Answer: The Late Bronze Age
Question: Who was a god of plague?
Answer: Hittite and Hurrian Aplu
Question: What word means "the son of?"
Answer: Aplu
Question: Who is the mouse God?
Answer: Apollo Smintheus
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Context: The government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government), representing the Union of India, and the State governments. Later, a third tier was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. In the current arrangement, The Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution delimits the subjects of each level of governmental jurisdiction, dividing them into three lists:
Question: What is the government of India based on?
Answer: tiered system
Question: What is a tiered system?
Answer: the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers
Question: What was the constitution originally provided for?
Answer: two-tier system of government
Question: When the third tiere was added on, what is it in form of?
Answer: Panchayats and Municipalities
Question: What isn't the government of India based on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What isn't a tiered system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the constitution originally not provided for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the constitution never provided for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When the third tiere was taken off, what is it in form of?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued).
Question: In addition to playing music, what other function can the iPod perform?
Answer: data storage
Question: What is the smallest data capacity for an iPod product?
Answer: 2 GB
Question: What is the largest data capacity for an iPod product?
Answer: 128 GB
Question: Which iPod product features the smallest data storage capacity?
Answer: iPod Shuffle
Question: Which current iPod product features the largest data storage capacity?
Answer: iPod Touch
Question: What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?
Answer: 2 GB
Question: What's the storage capacity for the iPod Touch?
Answer: 128 GB
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Context: The tour in March 1987[citation needed] of Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour boosted house in the UK. Following the number-one success of MARRS' "Pump Up The Volume" in October, the years 1987 to 1989 also saw UK acts such as The Beatmasters, Krush, Coldcut, Yazz, Bomb The Bass, S-Express, and Italy's Black Box opening the doors to a house music onslaught on the UK charts. Early British house music quickly set itself apart from the original Chicago house sound;[citation needed] many of the early hits were based on sample montage, rap was often used for vocals (far more than in the US),[citation needed] and humor was frequently an important element.
Question: what tour boosted house in the UK in the late 80s?
Answer: Knuckles, Jefferson, Fingers Inc. (Heard) and Adonis as the DJ International Tour
Question: when did the DJ International Tour take place?
Answer: March 1987
Question: what was the name of MARRS' number-one single in October 1987?
Answer: "Pump Up The Volume"
Question: what was frequently an important element of UK house music?
Answer: humor
Question: Sample montages were a key difference between british house music and what?
Answer: the original Chicago house sound
Question: What tour boosted house in the US in the late 80s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Chicago Tour take place?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of MARRS's number-one single in October 1989?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was frequently an important element of US house music?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was not used for vocals?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last reaction described produces a Gilman reagent. These can undergo substitution with alkyl halides to form coupling products; as such, they are important in the field of organic synthesis. Copper(I) acetylide is highly shock-sensitive but is an intermediate in reactions such as the Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling and the Sonogashira coupling. Conjugate addition to enones and carbocupration of alkynes can also be achieved with organocopper compounds. Copper(I) forms a variety of weak complexes with alkenes and carbon monoxide, especially in the presence of amine ligands.
Question: What are compounds that have a carbon-copper bond called?
Answer: organocopper compounds
Question: What does organocopper compounds reactions toward oxygen form?
Answer: copper(I) oxide
Question: What is produced when copper compounds are treated with organolithium reagents?
Answer: Gilman reagent
Question: Coupling products can be made by substituting Gilman reagent with what?
Answer: alkyl halides
Question: Which form of copper is shock sensitive?
Answer: Copper(I) acetylide
Question: What are compounds that have a black-copper bond called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does organocopper compounds reactions toward water form?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is destroyed when copper compounds are treated with organolithium reagents?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which form of copper is time sensitive?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed] While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises, and many pubs now comprise one large room. However the modern importance of dining in pubs encourages some establishments to maintain distinct rooms or areas.
Question: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?
Answer: the 1960s and 1970s
Question: What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar?
Answer: removal of the dividing wall or partition
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Context: For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States had used these weapons operationally during World War II, and it could use them again against the Soviet Union, laying waste its cities and military centers. Since the Americans had a much larger air force than the Soviet Union, and the United States maintained advance air bases near Soviet territory, in 1947 Stalin ordered the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in order to counter the perceived American threat.
Question: How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII?
Answer: 27 million
Question: The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year?
Answer: 1941
Question: Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb?
Answer: 1949
Question: In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs?
Answer: 1947
Question: What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union?
Answer: air force
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Context: The Paymaster General Act 1782 ended the post as a lucrative sinecure. Previously, Paymasters had been able to draw on money from HM Treasury at their discretion. Now they were required to put the money they had requested to withdraw from the Treasury into the Bank of England, from where it was to be withdrawn for specific purposes. The Treasury would receive monthly statements of the Paymaster's balance at the Bank. This act was repealed by Shelburne's administration, but the act that replaced it repeated verbatim almost the whole text of the Burke Act.
Question: Where had Paymasters been able to get money from directly until 1782?
Answer: HM Treasury
Question: After 1782, where would money from Paymasters' withdrawal requests go?
Answer: the Bank of England
Question: Whose administration repealed the Paymaster General Act?
Answer: Shelburne
Question: When was the Paymaster General Act passed?
Answer: 1782
Question: When did Paymasters begin to get money directly from the HM treasury?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who could no longer make withdrawal requests to the Bank of England after 1782?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How often could paymasters make withdrawals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which administration proposed the Paymaster act?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Paymaster Act allowed Paymasters to withdraw funds from what source at their own discretion?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: The Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors such as Bhagabhadra also held court at Besnagar, modern Vidisha in Eastern Malwa. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. There were ten Shunga rulers. The empire is noted for its numerous wars with both foreign and indigenous powers. They fought battles with the Kalingas, Satavahanas, the Indo-Greeks, and possibly the Panchalas and Mathuras. Art, education, philosophy, and other forms of learning flowered during this period including small terracotta images, larger stone sculptures, and architectural monuments such as the Stupa at Bharhut, and the renowned Great Stupa at Sanchi. The Shunga rulers helped to establish the tradition of royal sponsorship of learning and art. The script used by the empire was a variant of Brahmi and was used to write the Sanskrit language. The Shunga Empire played an imperative role in patronizing Indian culture at a time when some of the most important developments in Hindu thought were taking place.
Question: What was the time span of the Shunga Empire?
Answer: 187 to 78 BCE
Question: Who founded the Shuga empire after the fall of the Maurya empire?
Answer: Pushyamitra Shunga
Question: How long did Pushyamitra Shunga rule?
Answer: 36 years
Question: What script variant was used to write the Sanskrit language?
Answer: Brahmi
Question: What tradition did Shunga rulers help begin?
Answer: sponsorship of learning and art
|
Context: Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time of the report, 2001) due to low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population. The cost of a gallon of gas in urban Alaska today is usually 30–60¢ higher than the national average; prices in rural areas are generally significantly higher but vary widely depending on transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure and many other factors.
Question: Why were alternative energy sources judged uneconomical in 2001?
Answer: low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population
Question: How much does gas cost in Alaska, in comparison to the national average?
Answer: 30–60¢ higher
Question: What are some reasons why gas prices may vary in Alaska, especially?
Answer: transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure
Question: What does Alaska's economy heavily rely on?
Answer: diesel fuel
Question: What purpose does diesel fuel have in Alaska?
Answer: heating, transportation, electric power and light
Question: Why were alternative energy sources judged uneconomical in 2010?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why were alternative energy sources judged economical in 2001?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much does gas cost in Alaska, in comparison to the international average?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are some reasons why gas prices may be stable in Alaska, especially?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Alaska's economy not rely on?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: Several famous people have Ashkenazi as a surname, such as Vladimir Ashkenazy. However, most people with this surname hail from within Sephardic communities, particularly from the Syrian Jewish community. The Sephardic carriers of the surname would have some Ashkenazi ancestors since the surname was adopted by families who were initially of Ashkenazic origins who moved to Sephardi countries and joined those communities. Ashkenazi would be formally adopted as the family surname having started off as a nickname imposed by their adopted communities. Some have shortened the name to Ash.
Question: Most people with the surname Ashkenazi, hail from which particular community?
Answer: Syrian Jewish community
Question: Some people with the surname shorten it to what?
Answer: Ash
Question: What famous person is mentioned as having the surname Ashkenazi?
Answer: Vladimir Ashkenazy
|
Context: The UN ultimately created a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which was signed by the United States, USSR, and the United Kingdom on January 27, 1967 and went into force the following October 10.
Question: The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date?
Answer: January 27, 1967
|
Context: Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways," Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last more than 1200 hours. In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to execute use of a dynamo).
Question: When did Edison begin research into incandescent lighting?
Answer: 1878
Question: With what material did Edison make his first filament?
Answer: carbon
Question: How long did Edison's light burn during his first successful test in 1879?
Answer: 13.5 hours
Question: What type of wood did Edison use in his improved filament?
Answer: bamboo
Question: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?
Answer: Columbia
Question: Who began research into developing a practical incandescent lamp?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who filed his first patent application in 1890?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Edison turn refuse to use after his experiment with platinum and other metals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of material was not used in the US patent for an electric lamp in November 1879?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of material did Edison use that could not last more than 1200 hours?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: At times a character may "turn", altering their face/heel alignment. This may be an abrupt, surprising event, or it may slowly build up over time. It almost always is accomplished with a markable change in behavior on the part of the character. Some turns become defining points in a wrestler's career, as was the case when Hulk Hogan turned heel after being a top face for over a decade. Others may have no noticeable effect on the character's status. If a character repeatedly switches between being a face and heel, this lessens the effect of such turns, and may result in apathy from the audience. Vince McMahon is a good example of having more heel and face turns than anyone in WWE history.
Question: What might a character do with their persona?
Answer: turn
Question: What did Hulk Hogan become?
Answer: heel
Question: Who has the most turns in the WWE?
Answer: Vince McMahon
|
Context: The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January.
Question: The Rajpath was constructed similarly to what famous Parisian street?
Answer: the Champs-Élysées
Question: What is the name of the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India in New Delhi?
Answer: The Rajpath
Question: On what boulevard does the Republic Day parade take place each year?
Answer: The Rajpath
Question: What annual parade takes place on the Rajpath each January?
Answer: Republic Day parade
Question: On which date is the annual Republic Day parade held in New Delhi?
Answer: 26 January
|
Context: The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.
Question: In what years did the Great Famine occur?
Answer: 1315–17
Question: What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures?
Answer: the Little Ice Age
Question: What period preceded the Little Ice Age?
Answer: the Medieval Warm Period
Question: Along with 1317–21, what span saw extreme rains in Europe?
Answer: 1313–14
Question: In what century did the European average annual temperature decrease?
Answer: 14th
|
Context: The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an international authority and standard defining organization on color and lighting. Publishing widely used standard metrics such as various CIE color spaces and the color rendering index.
Question: What does the CIE stand for?
Answer: International Commission on Illumination
|
Context: There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Fourth of July period. They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.
Question: What event occurs on New Year's Eve?
Answer: First Night
Question: Where is the annual Boston Arts festival?
Answer: Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park
Question: Where are Italian Summer feasts held?
Answer: the North End
Question: Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts?
Answer: Catholic saints
Question: How long are the Harbor-Fest festivities?
Answer: week-long
|
Context: The U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) and the European E-Commerce Directive (2000) provide online intermediaries with limited statutory immunity from liability for copyright infringement. Online intermediaries hosting content that infringes copyright are not liable, so long as they do not know about it and take actions once the infringing content is brought to their attention. In U.S. law this is characterized as "safe harbor" provisions. Under European law, the governing principles for Internet Service Providers are "mere conduit", meaning that they are neutral 'pipes' with no knowledge of what they are carrying; and 'no obligation to monitor' meaning that they cannot be given a general mandate by governments to monitor content. These two principles are a barrier for certain forms of online copyright enforcement and they were the reason behind an attempt to amend the European Telecoms Package in 2009 to support new measures against copyright infringement.
Question: What law enacted in the U.S. in 1998 gave online intermediaries limited statutory immunity?
Answer: Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Question: How is this law characterized in the U.S.?
Answer: safe harbor
Question: In the E.U., what are the governing principles for ISP's?
Answer: mere conduit
Question: What is it called when intermediaries cannot be given an order by governments to monitor what happens on their services?
Answer: no obligation to monitor
Question: What was attempted to be amended in 2009 to support new ways to prevent copyright infringement?
Answer: European Telecoms Package
Question: What law rejected in the U.S. in 1998 gave online intermediaries limited statutory immunity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is this law characterized in the U.N.?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the E.U., what aren't the governing principles for ISP's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is it called when intermediaries cannot be given an order by governments to ignore what happens on their services?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was attempted to be amended in 2007 to support new ways to prevent copyright infringement?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: Tourism has been a key factor in economic development for many Southeast Asian countries, especially Cambodia. According to UNESCO, "tourism, if correctly conceived, can be a tremendous development tool and an effective means of preserving the cultural diversity of our planet." Since the early 1990s, "even the non-ASEAN nations such as Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Burma, where the income derived from tourism is low, are attempting to expand their own tourism industries." In 1995, Singapore was the regional leader in tourism receipts relative to GDP at over 8%. By 1998, those receipts had dropped to less than 6% of GDP while Thailand and Lao PDR increased receipts to over 7%. Since 2000, Cambodia has surpassed all other ASEAN countries and generated almost 15% of its GDP from tourism in 2006.
Question: Of the Southeast Asian countries, which one's key economic development is based on Tourism?
Answer: Cambodia
Question: According to which entity can tourism be a tremendous development tool & means to preserving the cultural diversity of the planet?
Answer: UNESCO
Question: Who was the regional leader in tourism in 1995?
Answer: Singapore
Question: From 2000, Cambodia has surpassed other ASEAN countries in generating GDP on which sector?
Answer: tourism
Question: Who discourages tourism in ordr to preserve cultural diversity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What industry is strong in Cambodia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Singapore the world leader in tourism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has Cambodia fallen behind othe ASEAN countries for?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: On April 15, 2013, two Chechen Islamist brothers exploded two bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264.
Question: On what date did bombs go off at the Boston marathon?
Answer: April 15, 2013
Question: At what point of the Marathon were the bombs exploded?
Answer: near the finish line
Question: How many fatalities were there at the marathon?
Answer: three
Question: About how many people were injured in the explosion?
Answer: 264
|
Context: Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III was allowed to crown himself "King in Prussia" in 1701. The new kingdom ruled by the Hohenzollern dynasty became known as the Kingdom of Prussia. The designation "Kingdom of Prussia" was gradually applied to the various lands of Brandenburg-Prussia. To differentiate from the larger entity, the former Duchy of Prussia became known as Altpreußen ("Old Prussia"), the province of Prussia, or "East Prussia".
Question: Brandenburg was part of what dominating force?
Answer: Holy Roman Empire
Question: What jurisdiction was the Prussian lands under?
Answer: Teutonic Order
Question: Who elected there self as King of Prussia in 1701?
Answer: Frederick III
Question: What did the former Duchy of Prussia become known as?
Answer: Altpreußen ("Old Prussia")
Question: In what year was Emperor Leopold I crowned?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the War of the Spanish Succession?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had been the last leader of the Duchy of Prussia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the Duchy of Prussia become known as East Prussia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was one of the Teutonic Order grandmasters?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and the elevation angle, which together gave the height of the aircraft. These were complex instruments and various other methods were also used. The HRF was soon joined by the Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI), this was marked with elevation angles and height lines overlaid with fuse length curves, using the height reported by the HRF operator, the necessary fuse length could be read off.
Question: What helped with better fuse setting?
Answer: range measurement
Question: What was the first model of HRF (Height Range Finder) used by the British?
Answer: Barr & Stroud UB2
Question: The HRF measured target distance and what else?
Answer: elevation angle
Question: What was the HRF used with to set fuses?
Answer: Height/Fuse Indicator (HFI)
Question: The fuse length could be set using height reported by whom?
Answer: HRF operator
|
Context: A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to "put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357" or to "add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595." The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers.
Question: How many numbers can a cell of a computer's memory hold?
Answer: a single number
Question: What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?
Answer: the software's
|
Context: Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as a valid representation of human biological diversity, except for forensic anthropologists. He asked, "If races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them?" He concluded:
Question: What morphological features do forensic anthropologists draw on?
Answer: highly heritable
Question: What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body?
Answer: cranial
Question: Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid?
Answer: Norman Sauer
Question: What group still uses race as a valid means to represent human biological diversity?
Answer: forensic anthropologists
Question: What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying?
Answer: races
|
Context: Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.
Question: How many times did Barcelona win the Copa del Rey?
Answer: 25
Question: What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?
Answer: Real Madrid
Question: What team did Barcelona beat to win 2008-09 Champions League title?
Answer: Manchester United
Question: Which Spanish team did Barcelona defeat to win the Supercopa de Espana?
Answer: Athletic Bilbao
Question: When Barcelona won 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, what first time feat did they accomplish?
Answer: sextuple
|
Context: The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for example, brent geese Branta bernicla migrating from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Wadden Sea travel via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea rather than directly across the Arctic Ocean and northern Scandinavia.
Question: What do water birds avoid while migrating?
Answer: a large area of land without bodies of water
Question: Where do brent geese migrate from?
Answer: the Taymyr Peninsula
Question: Where do brent geese migrate to?
Answer: the Wadden Sea
Question: How do brent geese migrate?
Answer: via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea
|
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