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Context: The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.":24 In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins.
Question: In what time span were the theories to integrate molecular genetic with Darwinian evolution developed?
Answer: the 1930s and 1940s
Question: What are the theories that integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution called?
Answer: the modern evolutionary synthesis
Question: Who proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?
Answer: George C. Williams
Question: What is the definition of the concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?
Answer: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency."
Question: Who popularized ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution?
Answer: Richard Dawkins
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Context: Much of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of "determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him a response, called fatwa, a legal opinion (the religious law of Islam covers civil as well as religious matters). The mufti (professor of legal opinions) took this question, studied it, researched it intensively in the sacred scriptures, in order to find a solution to it. This process of scholarly research was called ijtihād, literally, the exertion of one's efforts to the utmost limit."
Question: What determination of the study of law was held to much debate?
Answer: whether certain opinions of law were orthodox
Question: What is the Islamic term for issuing a legal opinion?
Answer: fatwa
Question: What type of matters are covered through Islamic law?
Answer: civil as well as religious
Question: What is ijtihad?
Answer: process of scholarly research
Question: What determination of the study of law was never scrutinized?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the non-Islamic term for issuing a legal opinion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of matters are covered through non-Islamic law?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the opposite of ijtihad?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What isn't the translation of ijtihad?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The US-built ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic programmable computer built in the US. Although the ENIAC was similar to the Colossus it was much faster and more flexible. It was unambiguously a Turing-complete device and could compute any problem that would fit into its memory. Like the Colossus, a "program" on the ENIAC was defined by the states of its patch cables and switches, a far cry from the stored program electronic machines that came later. Once a program was written, it had to be mechanically set into the machine with manual resetting of plugs and switches.
Question: The US-buils ENIAC stands for what?
Answer: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
Question: What was the first electronic programmable computer built in the United States?
Answer: ENIAC
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Context: Melbourne has the largest tram network in the world which had its origins in the city's 1880s land boom. In 2013–2014, 176.9 million passenger trips were made by tram. Melbourne's is Australia's only tram network to comprise more than a single line and consists of 250 km (155.3 mi) of track, 487 trams, 25 routes, and 1,763 tram stops. Around 80 per cent of Melbourne's tram network shares road space with other vehicles, while the rest of the network is separated or are light rail routes. Melbourne's trams are recognised as iconic cultural assets and a tourist attraction. Heritage trams operate on the free City Circle route, intended for visitors to Melbourne, and heritage restaurant trams travel through the city and surrounding areas during the evening. Melbourne is currently building 50 new E Class trams with some already in service in 2014. The E Class trams are about 30 metres long and are superior to the C2 class tram of similar length. Melbourne's bus network consists of almost 300 routes which mainly service the outer suburbs and fill the gaps in the network between rail and tram services. 127.6 million passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses in 2013–2014, an increase of 10.2 percent on the previous year.
Question: What are the origins of Melbourne's tram network?
Answer: the city's 1880s land boom
Question: How many passenger trips were made by tram in Melbourne between 2013-2014?
Answer: 176.9 million
Question: How many tram stops are on Melbourne's tram network?
Answer: 1,763
Question: How many routes does Melbourne's bus network consist of?
Answer: almost 300
Question: How many passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses in 2013-2014
Answer: 127.6 million
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Context: The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlake's "Draught of the Cherokee Country" in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. (Tennessee County was the predecessor to current-day Montgomery County and Robertson County.) When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.
Question: Which governor is given credit for the name Tennessee as it is now spelled?
Answer: James Glen
Question: Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular?
Answer: Draught of the Cherokee Country
Question: Which state created a county called Tennessee in 1788?
Answer: North Carolina
Question: Which two Tennessee counties cover the area that comprised North Carolina's Tennessee County?
Answer: Montgomery County and Robertson County
Question: In which year did a constitutional convention meet to form a new state out of the unincorporated territory that would become Tennessee?
Answer: 1796
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Context: European maps continued to show this hypothesized land until Captain James Cook's ships, HMS Resolution and Adventure, crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774. Cook came within about 120 km (75 mi) of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of field ice in January 1773. The first confirmed sighting of Antarctica can be narrowed down to the crews of ships captained by three individuals. According to various organizations (the National Science Foundation, NASA, the University of California, San Diego, and other sources), ships captained by three men sighted Antarctica or its ice shelf in 1820: von Bellingshausen (a captain in the Imperial Russian Navy), Edward Bransfield (a captain in the Royal Navy), and Nathaniel Palmer (a sealer out of Stonington, Connecticut). The expedition led by von Bellingshausen and Lazarev on the ships Vostok and Mirny reached a point within 32 km (20 mi) from Queen Maud's Land and recorded the sight of an ice shelf at 69°21′28″S 2°14′50″W / 69.35778°S 2.24722°W / -69.35778; -2.24722, which became known as the Fimbul ice shelf. This happened three days before Bransfield sighted land, and ten months before Palmer did so in November 1820. The first documented landing on Antarctica was by the American sealer John Davis, apparently at Hughes Bay, near Cape Charles, in West Antarctica on 7 February 1821, although some historians dispute this claim. The first recorded and confirmed landing was at Cape Adair in 1895.
Question: When did Cook's ships cross the Antarctic circle?
Answer: 17 January 1773
Question: What kept Captain Cook from getting too close to Antarctica?
Answer: field ice
Question: How many men sighted Antarctica in 1820?
Answer: three
Question: How close did von Bellingshausen and Lazarev come to Antarctica?
Answer: 32 km
Question: When was the first recorded landing on Antarctica?
Answer: 1895
Question: Who's ship crossed the Antarctic Circle in the 17th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ships did Cook use to circle the Antarctic Circle?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who sighted Antarctica or its ice shelf in the 18th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ships were captained by Bransfield and Lazarev?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who sighted land ten months before Bransfield?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ships crossed the Arctic Circle on 17 January 1773?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What crossed the Antarctic Circle in December 1774?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who came within 120 mi of the Antarctic coast in 1773?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did three might sight in 1802?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What ice shelf was spotted within 32 mi from Queen Maud's Land?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Railroads have been an important method of transportation in Montana since the 1880s. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three east-west transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. Today, the BNSF Railway is the state's largest railroad, its main transcontinental route incorporating the former Great Northern main line across the state. Montana RailLink, a privately held Class II railroad, operates former Northern Pacific trackage in western Montana.
Question: What is the states largest railway?
Answer: BNSF Railway
Question: How long have railroads been important since in Montana
Answer: 1880s
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Context: One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession. After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry. Since the increase of oil prices in the 2000s, the petroleum industry has again increased its share of the local economy.
Question: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?
Answer: 1986
Question: Why did Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?
Answer: the nationwide recession
Question: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try to diversify it's economy?
Answer: reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry
Question: The petroleum industry has become a larger part of Houston's economy again for what reason?
Answer: the increase of oil prices in the 2000s
Question: What caused population growth to decline in the 1980s?
Answer: oil prices fell
Question: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?
Answer: Space Shuttle Challenger
Question: When did Houston suffer an economic decline?
Answer: late 1980s
Question: What did Houston focus on after the 1990s recession to improve its economy?
Answer: aerospace and health care
Question: When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?
Answer: 2000s
Question: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger succeed after launch?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why didn't Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try not to diversify it's economy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The petroleum industry did not become a larger part of Houston's economy again for what reason?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages. This assumed to have originated in approximately the mid-first millennium BCE in Iron Age northern Europe.
Question: Which language tree groups Dutch with English?
Answer: Indo-European
Question: What group of languages have to comply with Grimm's law?
Answer: Germanic
Question: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?
Answer: Iron Age
Question: Along with Grimm's law, what's the other rule for Germanic-sounding speech called?
Answer: Verner's law
Question: What does a language need to share with the group in order to be classified as Germanic?
Answer: common ancestor
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Context: Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times after its debut at the 1974 Contest. In 2005, Greece won with the song "My Number One", performed by Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou. The song received 230 points with 10 sets of 12 points from Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Albania, Cyprus, Serbia & Montenegro, Sweden and Germany and also became a smash hit in different countries and especially in Greece. The 51st Eurovision Song Contest was held in Athens at the Olympic Indoor Hall of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Maroussi, with hosted by Maria Menounos and Sakis Rouvas.
Question: How many time has Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest?
Answer: 35
Question: In what year did Greece win the Eurovision Song Contest?
Answer: 2005
Question: What Greek song won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005?
Answer: My Number One
Question: Who performed the song, My Number One, in the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest?
Answer: Elena Paparizou
Question: Where was the 51st Eurovision Song Contest held?
Answer: Athens
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Context: Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time. In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year.
Question: Who did Harper Lee become childhood friends with?
Answer: Truman Capote
Question: What year did Harper Lee pack up to go live in New York City?
Answer: 1950
Question: What job did Harper Lee start in New York City?
Answer: reservation clerk
Question: Which state did Harper Lee spend her childhood?
Answer: Alabama
Question: What year was Harper Lee born?
Answer: 1926
Question: Who was the famous writer Lee became close friends with?
Answer: Truman Capote
Question: Where did Lee attend college?
Answer: Huntingdon College
Question: Where did Lee attend law school?
Answer: University of Alabama
Question: What publishing company bought To Kill a Mockingbird?
Answer: J. B. Lippincott
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Context: Internet cafés that provide net access, office applications and multiplayer gaming are also a common sight in the country, while mobile internet on 3G and 4G- LTE cellphone networks and Wi-Fi connections can be found almost everywhere. 3G/4G mobile internet usage has been on a sharp increase in recent years, with a 340% increase between August 2011 and August 2012. The United Nations International Telecommunication Union ranks Greece among the top 30 countries with a highly developed information and communications infrastructure.
Question: In recent years, what usage has risen dramatically?
Answer: 3G/4G mobile internet
Question: How much did internet usage increase in one year?
Answer: 340%
Question: Where does Greece rank in the work with communications?
Answer: among the top 30 countries
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Context: In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to form a separate Union-aligned state). Following the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter in April and Lincoln's call for troops from Tennessee and other states in response, Governor Isham Harris began military mobilization, submitted an ordinance of secession to the General Assembly, and made direct overtures to the Confederate government. The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. On June 8, 1861, with people in Middle Tennessee having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum calling for secession, becoming the last state to do so.
Question: Which Tennessee governor championed secession in February of 1861?
Answer: Isham Harris
Question: Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession?
Answer: East Tennessee
Question: What percentage of voters voted against secession in Tennessee's February 1861 referendum?
Answer: 54
Question: On which date did Tennessee enter a military alliance with the Confederacy?
Answer: May 7, 1861
Question: Which region of Tennessee swung in favor of secession in the June 1861 referendum?
Answer: Middle Tennessee
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Context: The remainder was the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in the period—but had not yet separated. The first nonmarine sediments in the rift that marks the initial break-up of Pangea—which separated New Jersey from Morocco—are of Late Triassic age; in the U.S., these thick sediments comprise the Newark Supergroup. Because of the limited shoreline of one super-continental mass, Triassic marine deposits are globally relatively rare; despite their prominence in Western Europe, where the Triassic was first studied. In North America, for example, marine deposits are limited to a few exposures in the west. Thus Triassic stratigraphy is mostly based on organisms living in lagoons and hypersaline environments, such as Estheria crustaceans and terrestrial vertebrates.
Question: Which ocean name is translated to mean "all the sea?"
Answer: Panthalassa
Question: What process obscures information aboutt he ocean during the Triassic period from inspection?
Answer: subduction of oceanic plates
Question: What was occurring to Pangaea in the late Triassic?
Answer: Pangaea was rifting
Question: Which sediements in the US are an indication of the break up of Pangaea?
Answer: Newark Supergroup
Question: What type of terrestrial animals are found from the Triassic period?
Answer: terrestrial vertebrates
Question: What can still be found in the deep-sea from the Trissic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What continent ripped apart during the Triassic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What indicates when New Jersy seperated from Rhode Island?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What stratigraphy is mostly based on non-saline organisms?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu. Kanmu first tried to move the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, but a series of disasters befell the city, prompting the emperor to relocate the capital a second time, to Heian. The Heian Period is considered a high point in Japanese culture that later generations have always admired. The period is also noted for the rise of the samurai class, which would eventually take power and start the feudal period of Japan.
Question: What was the name of the period before the Heian era?
Answer: Nara
Question: The Heian period began in what year?
Answer: 794 A.D
Question: What warrior class rose during the Heian era?
Answer: samurai
Question: Heian-kyo is now what present-day city?
Answer: Kyōto
Question: What was the name of the emperor who moved Japan's capital to Heian?
Answer: Kanmu
Question: When did the Nara period begin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the capital of Japan prior to 794 A.D.?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Emperor Kanmu try to move the capital after Heian-kyo?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why have later generations always admired the Nara period?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What class declined in the Heian-kyo period?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: On May 21, 2014, JPMorgan Chase announced that it was injecting $100 million over five years into Detroit's economy, providing development funding for a variety of projects that would increase employment. It is the largest commitment made to any one city by the nation's biggest bank.[citation needed] Of the $100 million, $50 million will go toward development projects, $25 million will go toward city blight removal, $12.5 million will go for job training, $7 million will go for small businesses in the city, and $5.5 million will go toward the M-1 light rail project. On May 19, 2015, JPMorgan Chase announced that it has invested $32 million for two redevelopment projects in the city's Capitol Park district, the Capitol Park Lofts (the former Capitol Park Building) and the Detroit Savings Bank building at 1212 Griswold. Those investments are separate from Chase's five-year, $100-million commitment.
Question: Which bank announced an investment into Detroit in 2014?
Answer: JPMorgan Chase
Question: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to blight removal?
Answer: $25 million
Question: How much of JPMorgan's investment will go to job training?
Answer: $12.5 million
Question: How much did JPMorgan announce in additional investment into Detroit in 2015?
Answer: $32 million
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Context: Clodius formed armed gangs that terrorised the city and eventually began to attack Pompey's followers, who in response funded counter-gangs formed by Titus Annius Milo. The political alliance of the triumvirate was crumbling. Domitius Ahenobarbus ran for the consulship in 55 BC promising to take Caesar's command from him. Eventually, the triumvirate was renewed at Lucca. Pompey and Crassus were promised the consulship in 55 BC, and Caesar's term as governor was extended for five years. Crassus led an ill-fated expedition with legions led by his son, Caesar's lieutenant, against the Kingdom of Parthia. This resulted in his defeat and death at the Battle of Carrhae. Finally, Pompey's wife, Julia, who was Caesar's daughter, died in childbirth. This event severed the last remaining bond between Pompey and Caesar.
Question: Who was responsible for the attacks on followers of Pompey?
Answer: Clodius
Question: What political position were Pompey and Crassus assured they would receive in 55 BC?
Answer: consul
Question: What caused the death of Julius Caesar's female offspring?
Answer: childbirth
Question: Which individual ran for consul in 55 BC?
Answer: Domitius Ahenobarbus
Question: Who was responsible for an expedition against the Parthian Kingdom?
Answer: Crassus
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Context: The first truth explains the nature of dukkha. Dukkha is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:
Question: What does the first of the Four Noble Truths explain?
Answer: the nature of dukkha
Question: What is Dukkha?
Answer: "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc.
Question: What does the first truth cover?
Answer: Dukkha
Question: What is another word for Dukkha?
Answer: suffering
Question: What is another nature of Dukkha?
Answer: anxiety
Question: How many aspects are there to Dukkha?
Answer: three
Question: Dukkha can be translated as what word in regards to unhappiness?
Answer: unsatisfactoriness
Question: Suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness, and unease is the translation of what word?
Answer: Dukkha
Question: How many aspects does dukkha have?
Answer: three
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Context: When endothermy first appeared in the evolution of mammals is uncertain. Modern monotremes have lower body temperatures and more variable metabolic rates than marsupials and placentals, but there is evidence that some of their ancestors, perhaps including ancestors of the therians, may have had body temperatures like those of modern therians. Some of the evidence found so far suggests that Triassic cynodonts had fairly high metabolic rates, but it is not conclusive. For small animals, an insulative covering like fur is necessary for the maintenance of a high and stable body temperature.
Question: Which group of animal has a lower body temperature that marsupials and placentals?
Answer: monotremes
Question: Which time period is suggested that cynodonts had a high metabolic rate?
Answer: Triassic
Question: Why is it necessary for smaller animals to have an insulative covering?
Answer: maintenance of a high and stable body temperature
Question: What does evidence found suggest about monotremes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do therians need to maintain a stable body temperature?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do small animals have compared to therians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What suggests that monotremes have high metabolic rates?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do placentals use their fur covering for?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: One example of omnidirectional antennas is the very common vertical antenna or whip antenna consisting of a metal rod (often, but not always, a quarter of a wavelength long). A dipole antenna is similar but consists of two such conductors extending in opposite directions, with a total length that is often, but not always, a half of a wavelength long. Dipoles are typically oriented horizontally in which case they are weakly directional: signals are reasonably well radiated toward or received from all directions with the exception of the direction along the conductor itself; this region is called the antenna blind cone or null.
Question: What is the main element of an omnidirectional antenna?
Answer: metal rod
Question: What type of antenna would most likely be a half a wavelength long?
Answer: dipole
Question: In which direction would you expect to find a dipole?
Answer: horizontally
Question: What is meant by the area where signals cannot be accepted well along the conductor?
Answer: null
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Context: In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the College, was known to Kent and Ashford Councils and their consultants but concealed from the public. One commentator observed that Imperial's scheme reflected "the state of democracy in Kent, the transformation of a renowned scientific college into a grasping, highly aggressive, neo-corporate institution, and the defence of the status of an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – throughout England, not just Wye – against rampant greed backed by the connivance of two important local authorities. Wye College campus was finally closed in September 2009.
Question: When did Imperial announce their science park program at the Wye Campus?
Answer: December 2005
Question: When did Imperial abandon their science park program?
Answer: September 2006
Question: When was the Wye College campus closed?
Answer: September 2009
Question: Where was Imperial planning on launching their science park program?
Answer: the Wye campus
Question: Where was Imperial's science park programme located?
Answer: Wye campus
Question: When was the science park programme abandoned?
Answer: September 2006
Question: How much money could the science park programme have raised for the college?
Answer: £110m
Question: Who did not know about the potential revenue that the programme could have raised initially?
Answer: the public
Question: What was closed on September 2009?
Answer: Wye College campus
Question: When did Imperial announce a science lab programme?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What programme was started in September of 2006?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what campus was the science park program built?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What scientific college developed an Area of Outstanding Natural Beuty?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The family of instruments used, especially in orchestras, grew. A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear. Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes. The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical era) grew to be over 100. Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8, for example, has been performed with over 150 instrumentalists and choirs of over 400.
Question: To what number did the size of the orchestra grow to?
Answer: 100
Question: What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?
Answer: over 400
Question: What size orchestras have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?
Answer: over 150
Question: What allowed Brass instruments to play a wider range of notes?
Answer: rotary valves
Question: What array of instrument grew wider?
Answer: percussion
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Context: There are eleven Renaissance allegorical statues on public fountains in the Old Town. Nearly all the 16th century fountains, except the Zähringer fountain which was created by Hans Hiltbrand, are the work of the Fribourg master Hans Gieng. One of the more interesting fountains is the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese German: Child Eater Fountain but often translated Ogre Fountain) which is claimed to represent a Jew, the Greek god Chronos or a Fastnacht figure that scares disobedient children.
Question: Where are the statues at in the Old Town?
Answer: public fountains
Question: Who does the Kindlifresserbrunnen scare?
Answer: disobedient children.
Question: Who created all the statues except the Zahringer fountain?
Answer: Hans Hiltbrand
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Context: The foundation trust invests undistributed assets, with the exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries where the foundation is attempting to relieve poverty. These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world. In response to press criticism, the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.
Question: What does the Trust invest
Answer: The foundation trust invests undistributed assets
Question: What is the goal of the Trust investments
Answer: exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment
Question: What are some of the negatives of the investments
Answer: its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries
Question: What type of company's are critiscized
Answer: These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world
Question: As a result of the critics what did the company announce
Answer: the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review
Question: What is the exclusive goal of the developing world trust?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the company invest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the company decide to review its lack of sales in the developing world?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What policy did the company cancel after 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In absolute terms, the planet has lost 52% of its biodiversity since 1970 according to a 2014 study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that "the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago". Of that number, 39% accounts for the terrestrial wildlife gone, 39% for the marine wildlife gone, and 76% for the freshwater wildlife gone. Biodiversity took the biggest hit in Latin America, plummeting 83 percent. High-income countries showed a 10% increase in biodiversity, which was canceled out by a loss in low-income countries. This is despite the fact that high-income countries use five times the ecological resources of low-income countries, which was explained as a result of process whereby wealthy nations are outsourcing resource depletion to poorer nations, which are suffering the greatest ecosystem losses.
Question: What percentage of biodiversity has the planet lost since 1970
Answer: 52%
Question: What year was they study done by the World Wildlife Fund?
Answer: 2014
Question: What percentage accounts for the terrestrial wildlife gone?
Answer: 39%
Question: What percentage accounts for the marine wildlife gone?
Answer: 39%
Question: What percentage accounts for the freshwater wildlife gone?
Answer: 76%
Question: What percentage of biodiversity has the planet lost since 2014?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was the study canceled by World Wildlife Fund?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage accounts for the low-income countries gone?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage accounts for the wealthy nations gone?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage accounts for the Latin America freshwater wildlife gone?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In Mark, Jesus is crucified along with two rebels, and the day goes dark for three hours. Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies. The curtain of the Temple is torn in two. Matthew follows Mark, adding an earthquake and the resurrection of saints. Luke also follows Mark, though he describes the rebels as common criminals, one of whom defends Jesus, who in turn promises that he (Jesus) and the criminal will be together in paradise. Luke portrays Jesus as impassive in the face of his crucifixion. John includes several of the same elements as those found in Mark, though they are treated differently.
Question: Who was crucified with Jesus per Mark?
Answer: two rebels
Question: How does Mark say Jesus' life ends?
Answer: Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies
Question: what natural disaster is mention when Jesus died?
Answer: an earthquake
Question: What does Luke say one of the rebels does?
Answer: promises that he (Jesus) and the criminal will be together in paradise
Question: How does Luke make Jesus seem at his Crucifixion?
Answer: impassive
Question: How long were the two rebels hanging on crosses?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How was one criminal treated when crucified compared to the other?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did one of the criminals do before he died from being crucified?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened to the clothes one of the criminals was wearing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How did the criminals react to their own crucifixion?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.
Question: The Expansion of Germany by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?
Answer: Ostsiedlung
Question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?
Answer: Catholic German Teutonic Knights
Question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?
Answer: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples
Question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?
Answer: 17th or early 18th century
Question: Who is a famous German that name has Slavic origins?
Answer: Karl von Clausewitz
Question: When was the Prussian language extinct?
Answer: 17th or early 18th century
Question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?
Answer: were assimilated into German culture
Question: Who led the German expansion?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers
Question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?
Answer: Karl von Clausewitz
Question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?
Answer: Massive German settlement
Question: What language was extinct by the 1700 or early 1800's
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who conquered the Catholic German Teutonic Knights?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who held back the German expansion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the German aristocracy known as?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. "FEELS" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to "help a person become whole." This work is in part the product of cooperation between Chinese government organizations and the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China.
Question: Who established the FEELS model in China?
Answer: Xie Bangxiu
Question: What does "FEELS" stand for?
Answer: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher
Question: What is the purpose of the FEELS model?
Answer: It is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to "help a person become whole."
Question: What entities are working together to promote the FEELS model?
Answer: Chinese government organizations and the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China
Question: Who established the HEELS model in China?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does "HEELS" stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What entities are working together to promote the HEELS model?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In paintings, Mary is traditionally portrayed in blue. This tradition can trace its origin to the Byzantine Empire, from c.500 AD, where blue was "the colour of an empress". A more practical explanation for the use of this colour is that in Medieval and Renaissance Europe, the blue pigment was derived from the rock lapis lazuli, a stone imported from Afghanistan of greater value than gold. Beyond a painter's retainer, patrons were expected to purchase any gold or lapis lazuli to be used in the painting. Hence, it was an expression of devotion and glorification to swathe the Virgin in gowns of blue.
Question: Which color is traditionally used to portray Mary in paintings?
Answer: blue
Question: What rock was used as the source of blue pigment in paints in Medieval and Renaissance Europe?
Answer: lapis lazuli
Question: From which country was lapis lazuli imported?
Answer: Afghanistan
Question: Lapis lazuli was thought to be more valuable than which precious metal?
Answer: gold
Question: Which ancient empire is thought to have started the tradition of portraying Mary in paintings using the color blue?
Answer: Byzantine Empire
Question: What color does Mary like to paint with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did Mary visit the Byzantine Empire?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of Mary's favorite stone?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country were the travelers from that brought Mary the lapis lazuli?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Mary use to trade for the lapis lazuli?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: BYU has 21 NCAA varsity teams. Nineteen of these teams played mainly in the Mountain West Conference from its inception in 1999 until the school left that conference in 2011. Prior to that time BYU teams competed in the Western Athletic Conference. All teams are named the "Cougars", and Cosmo the Cougar has been the school's mascot since 1953. The school's fight song is the Cougar Fight Song. Because many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years (men when they're 18, women when 19), BYU athletes are often older on average than other schools' players. The NCAA allows students to serve missions for two years without subtracting that time from their eligibility period. This has caused minor controversy, but is largely recognized as not lending the school any significant advantage, since players receive no athletic and little physical training during their missions. BYU has also received attention from sports networks for refusal to play games on Sunday, as well as expelling players due to honor code violations. Beginning in the 2011 season, BYU football competes in college football as an independent. In addition, most other sports now compete in the West Coast Conference. Teams in swimming and diving and indoor track and field for both men and women joined the men's volleyball program in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. For outdoor track and field, the Cougars became an Independent. Softball returned to the Western Athletic Conference, but spent only one season in the WAC; the team moved to the Pacific Coast Softball Conference after the 2012 season. The softball program may move again after the 2013 season; the July 2013 return of Pacific to the WCC will enable that conference to add softball as an official sport.
Question: How many NCAA varsity teams does BYU have?
Answer: 21
Question: What is the name of BYU's fight song?
Answer: Cougar Fight Song
Question: Why are many BYU athletes older than other schools' players?
Answer: many of its players serve on full-time missions for two years
Question: When does BYU refuse to play athletic games that got the attention of the sports networks?
Answer: Sunday
Question: What violation can lead to a player being expelled from a sports team?
Answer: honor code
Question: What does BYU have 19 of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do 21 teams play in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has been the mascot of BYU since 1935?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do women do at age 18?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do men do at age 19?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.
Question: Who had the least amount of backers, between Kerry and Dean?
Answer: Kerry
Question: Which state was expected to show the least amount of support for Kerry going into the caucuses, before Iowa?
Answer: New Hampshire
Question: What act showed that Kerry's fight for the White House was in trouble?
Answer: he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan
Question: Who took over for Jim Jordon, when he was fired?
Answer: Mary Beth Cahill
Question: What regulation did Kerry not follow to try to save his campaign?
Answer: mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign
Question: What did Ted Kennedy have fewer of than Kerry in 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Ted Kennedy's position in the superdelegate race in 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What states did Ted Kennedy lead in in 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was one area that Kennedy was seen as being weak in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What position was held by Jim Jordan when he was fired by Bill Bradley?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterised by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period, and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an improved water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. About one half of the population is connected to sanitary sewers.
Question: What basic part of civilization has been characterized by achievement and challenges?
Answer: Drinking water supply and sanitation
Question: From 1990 to 2010 what was improvement in piped water supply to urban areas?
Answer: 89% to 100%
Question: From 1990 to 2010 what was improvement in piped water supply to rural areas?
Answer: 39% to 93%
Question: Currently how much of Egypt's population is connected to sanitary sewers?
Answer: 99%
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Context: Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting, and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states, and empires.
Question: What were many of the indigenous people of the Americas traditionally?
Answer: hunter-gatherers
Question: What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice?
Answer: aquaculture and agriculture
Question: What remains as a testament to the time and work the indigenous people spent cultivating the flora of the Americas?
Answer: agricultural endowment
Question: What did many of the societies practice a mix of?
Answer: farming, hunting, and gathering
Question: Large cities, chiefdoms, monuments and empires were just some of the things created by which peoples?
Answer: indigenous
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Context: The 2008 Sichuan earthquake or the Great Sichuan earthquake, measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw, and occurred at 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time at epicenter (06:28:01 UTC) on May 12 in Sichuan province, killed 69,197 people and left 18,222 missing.
Question: In what year did the earthquake in Sichuan occur?
Answer: 2008
Question: What was the earthquake named?
Answer: the Great Sichuan earthquake
Question: How many people were killed as a result?
Answer: 69,197
Question: What year did the Sichuan earthquake take place?
Answer: 2008
Question: What did the quake measure?
Answer: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
Question: What day did the earthquake occur?
Answer: May 12
Question: What time of the day did the quake happen?
Answer: 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time
Question: How many people died?
Answer: 69,197
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Context: According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance. It was provided with a door which turned on a hinge, and could be opened with a sort of key; the city gate was on a larger scale, and seems to have been double. The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."
Question: What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?
Answer: was scarce
Question: How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?
Answer: into blocks and seals
Question: What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?
Answer: Brick
Question: What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?
Answer: tower-like
Question: What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?
Answer: objects that were deposited under them
Question: What suggested that stone was common?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who claims stone was common in Sumeria since it was used for seals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where were towers built from stone?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: In 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols. However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) launched an invasion into Tibet.
Question: Which ruler took Western Xia under their control?
Answer: Genghis Khan
Question: Who was Genghis Khan's successor?
Answer: Ögedei Khan
Question: What years did Ögedei Khan rule?
Answer: 1229–1241
Question: Who invaded Tibet?
Answer: Ögedei Khan
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Context: Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "Congress was deprived of all legislative power over mere opinion, but was left free to reach actions which were in violation of social duties or subversive of good order." Considering this, the court ruled that outlawing polygamy was constitutional.
Question: When did Jefferson's letter enter American jurisprudence?
Answer: 1878
Question: What was the case that used Jefferson's letter?
Answer: Reynolds v. U.S.
Question: What was the topic of Reynolds v. U.S.?
Answer: Mormon polygamy
Question: What was the court seeking, in using Jefferson's letter?
Answer: legal definition for the word religion
Question: What did the court rule outlawing polygamy was?
Answer: constitutional
Question: When did Jefferson's letter not enter American jurisprudence?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the case that denied Jefferson's letter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the court seeking, in not using Jefferson's letter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the topic of Meynolds v. U.S.?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the court rule not outlawing polygamy was?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Rome's government, politics and religion were dominated by an educated, male, landowning military aristocracy. Approximately half Rome's population were slave or free non-citizens. Most others were plebeians, the lowest class of Roman citizens. Less than a quarter of adult males had voting rights; far fewer could actually exercise them. Women had no vote. However, all official business was conducted under the divine gaze and auspices, in the name of the senate and people of Rome. "In a very real sense the senate was the caretaker of the Romans’ relationship with the divine, just as it was the caretaker of their relationship with other humans".
Question: What male group dominated all aspects of Rome?
Answer: aristocracy
Question: Of what class was more than half of Rome's population?
Answer: slave or free non-citizens
Question: What was the lowest class of Roman citizens?
Answer: plebeians
Question: How many adult males were able to vote in Rome?
Answer: Less than a quarter
Question: What organization was Rome's official caretaker?
Answer: the senate
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Context: In 1913, Elmer McCollum discovered the first vitamins, fat-soluble vitamin A, and water-soluble vitamin B (in 1915; now known to be a complex of several water-soluble vitamins) and named vitamin C as the then-unknown substance preventing scurvy. Lafayette Mendel and Thomas Osborne also performed pioneering work on vitamins A and B. In 1919, Sir Edward Mellanby incorrectly identified rickets as a vitamin A deficiency because he could cure it in dogs with cod liver oil. In 1922, McCollum destroyed the vitamin A in cod liver oil, but found that it still cured rickets. Also in 1922, H.M. Evans and L.S. Bishop discover vitamin E as essential for rat pregnancy, originally calling it "food factor X" until 1925.
Question: What was notable about the discovered vitamin A?
Answer: fat-soluble
Question: Which property was vitamin B found to have?
Answer: water-soluble
Question: Which disease was vitamin C claimed to help prevent?
Answer: scurvy
Question: What was cod liver oil able to help cure in dogs?
Answer: rickets
Question: What was referred to as "food factor X"?
Answer: vitamin E
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Context: The assembly of the tribes (i.e. the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes, the voting would end. While it did not pass many laws, the Comitia Tributa did elect quaestors, curule aediles, and military tribunes. The Plebeian Council was identical to the assembly of the tribes, but excluded the patricians (the elite who could trace their ancestry to the founding of Rome). They elected their own officers, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles. Usually a plebeian tribune would preside over the assembly. This assembly passed most laws, and could also act as a court of appeal.
Question: How many tribes were considered to be in the Comitia Tributa?
Answer: 35 tribes
Question: How were the assembly of tribes segregated into specific tribes?
Answer: geographical subdivisions
Question: What assembly was responsible for the election of quaestors?
Answer: the Comitia Tributa
Question: When would the assembly of tribes cease voting?
Answer: Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes
Question: Who would be responsible for the election of a plebeian tribune?
Answer: a plebeian
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Context: When talking about genome composition, one should distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the big differences on contents structure they have. In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85–90%) is non-repetitive DNA, which means coding DNA mainly forms it, while non-coding regions only take a small part. On the contrary, eukaryotes have the feature of exon-intron organization of protein coding genes; the variation of repetitive DNA content in eukaryotes is also extremely high. In mammals and plants, the major part of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA.
Question: What two types of organisms have remarkable differences in their genomic composition?
Answer: prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Question: What type of organizing can be observed in eukaryote genomes?
Answer: exon-intron
Question: In what types of eukaryotes is there a large amount of non-coding DNA?
Answer: mammals and plants
Question: What should you distinguish between when talking about gene coding?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much of the genome is non-repetitive DNA in eukaryotes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a major part of contents structure made of in non-coding regions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organization feature do prokaryotes have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What area do mammals and plants have differences in?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Montevideo has a very rich architectural heritage and an impressive number of writers, artists, and musicians. Uruguayan tango is a unique form of dance that originated in the neighbourhoods of Montevideo towards the end of the 1800s. Tango, candombe and murga are the three main styles of music in this city. The city is also the centre of the cinema of Uruguay, which includes commercial, documentary and experimental films. There are two movie theatre companies running seven cinemas, around ten independent ones and four art film cinemas in the city. The theatre of Uruguay is admired inside and outside Uruguayan borders. The Solís Theatre is the most prominent theatre in Uruguay and the oldest in South America. There are several notable theatrical companies and thousands of professional actors and amateurs. Montevideo playwrights produce dozens of works each year; of major note are Mauricio Rosencof, Ana Magnabosco and Ricardo Prieto.
Question: What unique form of dance originated in the neighbourhods of Montevideo?
Answer: Uruguayan tango
Question: Tango, candombe and murga are three main styles of what?
Answer: music
Question: How many movie theater companies are there in Montevideo?
Answer: two
Question: What is the most prominent theater in Uruguay?
Answer: The Solís Theatre
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Context: One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight." Because they do not examine the source code, there are situations when a tester writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only one test case, or leaves some parts of the program untested.
Question: What is one huge advantage to using the black-box method?
Answer: no programming knowledge is required
Question: What can black-box testing sometimes be referred to with the in-ability to see the code?
Answer: like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight.
Question: What is a good reason to have testers and developers separate?
Answer: tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality
Question: What knowledge is required for the black box technique?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Black-box coding has been compared to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Some parts of the program can remain untested because the what law is not examined?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Testers and developers are kept together for what reason?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Common agreement about the day's layout or schedule confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule has generally been chosen over ad hoc efforts to get up earlier. The advantages of coordination are so great that many people ignore whether DST is in effect by altering their nominal work schedules to coordinate with television broadcasts or daylight. DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker; workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark. Since DST is applied to many varying communities, its effects may be very different depending on their culture, light levels, geography, and climate; that is why it is hard to make generalized conclusions about the absolute effects of the practice. Some areas may adopt DST simply as a matter of coordination with others rather than for any direct benefits.
Question: Most people agree that a standardized schedule by DST is more practical than trying to do what in the morning on our own?
Answer: get up earlier
Question: What electronic device might people work their schedules around instead of paying close attention to DST?
Answer: television
Question: During what season is DST usually not observed because of the detriments of dark mornings?
Answer: winter
Question: What indirect benefit of DST might cause some areas to observe it even though they don't get any direct benefits like cost or energy savings?
Answer: coordination with others
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Context: From the American Civil War until the mid-20th century, Philadelphia was a bastion of the Republican Party, which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war (Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856). After the Great Depression, Democratic registrations increased, but the city was not carried by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in his landslide victory of 1932 (in which Pennsylvania was one of the few states won by Republican Herbert Hoover). Four years later, however, voter turnout surged and the city finally flipped to the Democrats. Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote in 1936. The city has remained loyally Democratic in every presidential election since. It is now one of the most Democratic in the country; in 2008, Democrat Barack Obama drew 83% of the city's vote. Obama's win was even greater in 2012, capturing 85% of the vote.
Question: What party dominated until the mid-20th century
Answer: Republican Party
Question: What happened in Philadelphia in 1856?
Answer: Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856
Question: When did the Democrats take the city?
Answer: 1936
Question: Who won the most votes in the city in '08?
Answer: Barack Obama
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Context: Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to these data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data contained in the database (although restrictions may exist that limit access to particular data). The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrieval of large quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized.
Question: How is data accessed?
Answer: by a "database management system" (DBMS)
Question: A DBMS consists of what?
Answer: an integrated set of computer software
Question: How much data can a DBMS store?
Answer: large quantities
Question: What does a database refer to informally?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What requires a user to use more than one database?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What allows the entry, storage and retrieval of only small quantities of information?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much data is typically lost by a DBMS?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. However, Western, South Asian, African, and Middle Eastern cultures, in general, regard consumption of dog meat as taboo. In some places, however, such as in rural areas of Poland, dog fat is believed to have medicinal properties—being good for the lungs for instance. Dog meat is also consumed in some parts of Switzerland. Proponents of eating dog meat have argued that placing a distinction between livestock and dogs is western hypocrisy, and that there is no difference with eating the meat of different animals.
Question: Where do some people eat dogs?
Answer: East Asian countries
Question: In addition to others, Western culture considers eating dog meat as what?
Answer: taboo.
Question: In rural Poland areas, what is considered medicinal for lungs?
Answer: dog fat
Question: What do people who eat dog meat consider Western culture, since people there do eat many different animals?
Answer: western hypocrisy
Question: The West, South Asia and Middle East think eating dogs is what?
Answer: taboo
Question: Dog fat in some parts of Poland is thought to have what?
Answer: medicinal properties
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Context: Winters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987.
Question: What are Tucson's typical winter high temperatures?
Answer: between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C)
Question: What are Tucson's typical winter low temperatures?
Answer: between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C)
Question: What do Tucson's hard freeze temperatures dip to?
Answer: the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C)
Question: How much snow did Tucson get on Feb 20, 2013?
Answer: 2.0 inches
Question: When had Tucson last had as much snow as 2013?
Answer: 1987
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Context: The earth deity had power over the ghostly world, and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle. The older tales mentioned two dragons who were perhaps intentionally conflated. A female dragon named Delphyne (δελφύς, "womb"), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon (τύφειν, "to smoke"), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python. Python was the good daemon (ἀγαθὸς δαίμων) of the temple as it appears in Minoan religion, but she was represented as a dragon, as often happens in Northern European folklore as well as in the East.
Question: Who was the adversary of Zeus in the titanomachy?
Answer: Typhon
Question: Who did the narrator confuse with Phyton?
Answer: Typhon
Question: Who was represented as a dragon?
Answer: Python
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Context: West, alongside his mother, founded the "Kanye West Foundation" in Chicago in 2003, tasked with a mission to battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education. In 2007, the West and the Foundation partnered with Strong American Schools as part of their "Ed in '08" campaign. As spokesman for the campaign, West appeared in a series of PSAs for the organization, and hosted an inaugural benefit concert in August of that year.
Question: With the help of his mom, what foundation did Kanye create early in his career?
Answer: Kanye West Foundation
Question: What is the goal of the Kanye West Foundation?
Answer: battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education
Question: What was founded by Kanye West and his mother?
Answer: Kanye West Foundation
Question: In What year did the Kanye West Foundation Partner with Strong American Schools?
Answer: 2007
Question: Where was the "Kanye West Foundation" founded?
Answer: Chicago
Question: What other mission besides dropout and illiteracy rates did the Kanye West Foundation seek to improve?
Answer: music education
Question: What campaign did the Kanye West Foundation partner with in 2007?
Answer: "Ed in '08"
Question: In what month was the inaugural concert held for the "Ed in '08" campaign?
Answer: August
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Context: In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet. On Aug 18, 2011, as part of its effort in cognitive computing, IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses. These microprocessors do not use von Neumann architecture, and they consume less memory and power.
Question: What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?
Answer: Project Big Green
Question: Secure Blue was launched in what year?
Answer: 2006
Question: What type of hardware is Secure Blue?
Answer: encryption hardware
Question: Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?
Answer: Sam Palmisano
Question: What framework did IBM announce on March 1, 2011?
Answer: Smarter Computing framework
Question: How much did it cost for IBM to produce Secure Blue?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Sam Palmisano make a speech in 2006?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What agenda was presented by von Neumann in 2006 at the Council on Foreign Relations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of chips were created by Smarter Computing in 2006?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of framework was announced by von Neumann in 2006?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Medicine, which was dominated by the Hippocratic tradition, saw new advances under Praxagoras of Kos, who theorized that blood traveled through the veins. Herophilos (335–280 BC) was the first to base his conclusions on dissection of the human body, animal vivisection and to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system, liver and other key organs. Influenced by Philinus of Cos (fl. 250), a student of Herophilos, a new medical sect emerged, the Empiric school, which was based on strict observation and rejected unseen causes of the Dogmatic school.
Question: Who theorized that blood traveled through the veins?
Answer: Praxagoras of Kos
Question: Who was the first to finalize his conclusions with dissections of cadevers?
Answer: Herophilos
Question: Which school of medicine was based on strict observation?
Answer: Empiric
Question: Who was the first to provide accurate descriptions of the nervous system?
Answer: Herophilos
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Context: The continuing decline influenced further changes for season 14, including the loss of Coca-Cola as the show's major sponsor, and a decision to only broadcast one, two-hour show per week during the top 12 rounds (with results from the previous week integrated into the performance show, rather than having a separate results show). On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of American Idol would be its last. Despite these changes, the show's ratings would decline more sharply. The fourteenth season finale was the lowest-rated finale ever, with an average of only 8.03 million viewers watching the finale.
Question: What drink company ended its relationship with American Idol during season 14?
Answer: Coca-Cola
Question: How many people watched American Idols finale in season 14?
Answer: 8.03 million
Question: After what season will American Idol be cancelled?
Answer: 15
Question: When did Fox announce the following season would be Idol's last?
Answer: May 11, 2015
Question: How many people watched the season 14 finale?
Answer: 8.03 million
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Context: Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.
Question: In what year was Ali killed?
Answer: 661
Question: Who killed Ali?
Answer: Kharijite partisan
Question: Who made peace with Muawiyah I?
Answer: Hasan ibn Ali
Question: Where was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty?
Answer: Damascus
Question: When was a Kharijite partisan killed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the First Imam for the Shias?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who followed the conditions of the agreement?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who refused to hand over power to Muawiyah?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was regarded as a fool?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The formation of the ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, has proven difficult to model precisely. Current models suggest that the matter density in the outer regions of the Solar System was too low to account for the formation of such large bodies from the traditionally accepted method of core accretion, and various hypotheses have been advanced to explain their formation. One is that the ice giants were not formed by core accretion but from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc and later had their atmospheres blasted away by radiation from a nearby massive OB star.
Question: What could have blasted Neptune and Uranus's atmosphere with radiation, aiding in creation?
Answer: nearby massive OB star
Question: What is too low to account for the formation of Neptune?
Answer: matter density
Question: If Neptune was formed from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc, what was it not formed by?
Answer: core accretion
Question: What didn't blast Neptune and Uranus's atmosphere with radiation, aiding in creation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is too high to account for the formation of Neptune?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: If Neptune wasn't formed from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc, what was it formed by?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Some opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects and that it fails to achieve its goals. They argue that it hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages groups to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they are not. It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within minority groups at the expense of the disenfranchised within better-off groups (such as lower-class whites and Asians).There has recently been a strong push among American states to ban racial or gender preferences in university admissions, in reaction to the controversial and unprecedented decision in Grutter v. Bollinger. In 2006, nearly 60% of Michigan voters decided to ban affirmative action in university admissions. Michigan joined California, Florida, Texas, and Washington in banning the use of race or sex in admissions considerations. Some opponents believe, among other things, that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of people who belong to a group it's supposed to help, therefore making affirmative action counter-productive. Furthermore, opponents of affirmative action claim that these policies dehumanize individuals and applicants to jobs or school are judged as members of a group without consideration for the individual person.
Question: Other than failing to achieve its goal, what else do opponents to affirmative action claim it has?
Answer: undesirable side-effects
Question: Other than benefiting more privileged people within minority groups, what is another argument against affirmative action?
Answer: may increase racial tension
Question: When was there a vote regarding affirmative action in Michigan?
Answer: 2006
Question: How many Michigan voters elected to ban affirmative action for university admissions?
Answer: 60%
Question: Which court case featured an unprecedented and controversial decision?
Answer: Grutter v. Bollinger
Question: Other than failing to achieve its goal, what else do people who agree with affirmative action claim it has?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Other than benefiting more privileged people outside of minority groups, what is another argument against affirmative action?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was there a vote not regarding affirmative action in Michigan?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Michigan voters elected to support affirmative action for university admissions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which court case featured an uncontroversial decision?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: More than half of habitat for listed species is on non-federal property, owned by citizens, states, local governments, tribal governments and private organizations. Before the law was amended in 1982, a listed species could be taken only for scientific or research purposes. The amendment created a permit process to circumvent the take prohibition called a Habitat Conservation Plan or HCP to give incentives to non-federal land managers and private landowners to help protect listed and unlisted species, while allowing economic development that may harm ("take") the species.
Question: Who owns the majority of critical habitat?
Answer: non-federal property, owned by citizens, states, local governments, tribal governments and private organizations
Question: What program gives incentives to private landowners to protect species on their land?
Answer: Habitat Conservation Plan
Question: Before the amendment in 1982, under what situations could a listed species be displaced?
Answer: only for scientific or research purposes
Question: What fraction of habitat for listed species is owned by citizens?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who created the 1982 amendment?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was it decided species could be taken for scientific purposes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What purpose does the HCP state listed species cannot be taken for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can economic development not do under HCP?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his control in 198 and the Temple was repaired and provided with money and tribute. Antiochus IV Epiphanes sacked Jerusalem and looted the Temple in 169 BCE after disturbances in Judea during his abortive invasion of Egypt. Antiochus then banned key Jewish religious rites and traditions in Judea. He may have been attempting to Hellenize the region and unify his empire and the Jewish resistance to this eventually led to an escalation of violence. Whatever the case, tensions between pro and anti-Seleucid Jewish factions led to the 174–135 BCE Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus (whose victory is celebrated in the Jewish festival of Hanukkah).
Question: What was the Jewish elite class called?
Answer: the Tobiads
Question: Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader?
Answer: Antiochus III
Question: When did Jerusalem fall to Antiochus III?
Answer: 198
Question: What victorious uprising is celebrated in the Jewish festival Hanukkah?
Answer: Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus
Question: What years were the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus?
Answer: 174–135 BCE
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Context: On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts and criticism of the monarchy. Manuel II of Portugal became the new king, but was eventually overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution, which abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal. Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic. These conditions would lead to the failed Monarchy of the North, 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and the creation of the National Dictatorship (Ditadura Nacional).
Question: On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?
Answer: 1 February 1908
Question: Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt?
Answer: on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902
Question: Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king?
Answer: Manuel II of Portugal
Question: On what day was King Manuel II overthrown?
Answer: 5 October 1910
Question: During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest?
Answer: Political instability and economic weaknesses
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Context: The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as an advisory body to the Administrator. The last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island was Lisle Snell. Other ministers included: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development; Minister for Finance; Minister for Cultural Heritage and Community Services; and Minister for Environment.
Question: The Assembly of Norfolk Island is made of how many seats?
Answer: nine
Question: What method of voting does Norfolk Island use for it's Assembly?
Answer: a "weighted first past the post system"
Question: Four members of the Assembly made up what Council, responsible for devising policy for Norfolk Island?
Answer: Executive
Question: Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?
Answer: Lisle Snell
Question: What is the official name for the Minister in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?
Answer: Minister for Tourism, Industry and Development
Question: How many seats does the Assembly of Norfolk Island eliminate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What method of voting does Norfolk Island forbid for it's Assembly?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Council do three members of the Assembly consist of that are responsible for devising policy for Norfolk Island?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the only Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the official name for the King in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.
Question: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed?
Answer: public buildings
Question: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?
Answer: 1850s and 1860s
Question: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event?
Answer: gold rush
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Context: A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life."
Question: What is Adrian Moreira's job title?
Answer: senior vice president for adult music
Question: For what company does Adrian Moreira work?
Answer: RCA Music Group
Question: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?
Answer: Corey Moss
Question: Where was Corey Moss' article published?
Answer: MTV's website
Question: When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?
Answer: after the hits had become established
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Context: Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already.
Question: What law did Australia make about incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: prohibited them already
Question: How is the United States treating incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs
Question: What does the acronym CCFL refer to?
Answer: cold cathode fluorescent lamps
Question: What does the acronym CFL refer to?
Answer: compact fluorescent lamps
Question: What does the acronym LED refer to?
Answer: light-emitting diode
Question: What type of bulb has not been replaced in many application by other types of electric light?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is India treating incandescent light bulbs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the acronym CCFL not refer to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the acronym LED not refer to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the acronym CFL not refer to?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contemporary scholarship. They rejected claims of the absolute divine authorship of the Torah, declaring only biblical laws concerning ethics to be binding, and stated that the rest of halakha (Jewish law) need not be viewed as normative for Jews in wider society. (see Reform Judaism).
Question: When can the roots of orthodox judaism be traced to?
Answer: 19th century
Question: When did the German Jewry seek to reform Jewish belief?
Answer: early 19th century
Question: what did orthodox jews seek to modernize?
Answer: education
Question: what did the German Jewry reject about the Torah?
Answer: absolute divine authorship
Question: Which century can the roots of Orthodox Judaism trace back to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Roman Jewry attempt to reform Jewish beliefs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the German Jewry attempt in response to the middle ages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who made the claim that the Torah had divine authorship?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of the Torah was considered non-binding?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13,000,000 sq mi (33,670,000 km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.
Question: The United Kingdom ruled what empire?
Answer: British
Question: Which empire was the largest in history, at its height?
Answer: British
Question: When did 458 million people live in the British Empire?
Answer: 1922
Question: How much of the world's population did the British Empire rule in 1922?
Answer: one-fifth
Question: How many square miles did the British Empire rule in 1922?
Answer: 13,000,000
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Context: In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, both houses of Congress passed measures reaffirming their support for the pledge, and condemning the panel's ruling. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, where the case was ultimately overturned in June 2004, solely on procedural grounds not related to the substantive constitutional issue. Rather, a five-justice majority held that Newdow, a non-custodial parent suing on behalf of his daughter, lacked standing to sue.
Question: How many judges were on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional?
Answer: three
Question: When did the three judge panel make their ruling?
Answer: 2002
Question: What did both houses of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?
Answer: the Pledge of Allegiance
Question: Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow overturned?
Answer: procedural grounds
Question: What did the five-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked?
Answer: standing to sue
Question: How many judges weren't on the panel which held the Pledge of Allegiance in California public schools was unconstitutional?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the three judge panel fail to make their ruling?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did neither house of Congress pass measures reaffirming their support for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow not overturned?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the six-justice majority hold that Newdow lacked?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee; names the members of the Democratic Leadership Council; chairs the Policy Committee; and heads the Steering Committee. Examples of other assignments are making "recommendations to the Speaker on all Democratic Members who shall serve as conferees" and nominating party members to the Committees on Rules and House Administration. Republican rules identify generally comparable functions for their top party leader.
Question: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader chair?
Answer: Policy Committee
Question: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader head?
Answer: Steering Committee
Question: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what campaign membership do they have?
Answer: Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
Question: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what leadership members do they appoint?
Answer: Democratic Leadership Council
Question: What kind of responsibilities does the Policy Committee have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who can the Policy Committee call the meetings of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What committee does the Policy Committee oversee?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: To what council does the Policy Committee name members to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where can the Policy Committee nominate party members to?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods.
Question: Where are Greek States believed to have been settled ?
Answer: Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea
Question: Which two bodies of water are believed to be central to the establishment of the Greek society ?
Answer: Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas
Question: When was the emergence of the Greek spoken dialect believed to have started ?
Answer: the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.
Question: Where have the centers of culture been located for the Grecian world historically ?
Answer: The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods.
Question: What other culture did the Greek states share boarders with ?
Answer: these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century
Question: Where have Egyptian colonies been historically established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two seas have the Egyptian people always lived close to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long has the Egyptian language been spoken?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what century was the Egyptian empire prominent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are two cities associated with the formation of Egyptian culture?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which two seas have been least central to Greek history?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During which prehistoric age was the Latin language invented?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which city in modern Turkey was once a minor center of Greek culture?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What tenth century empire had roughly the same extent as ancient Greece's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which area of South Africa has hosted Greek communities in the past?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which two seas have been least central to Greek history?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During which prehistoric age was the Greek language rejected?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which city in modern Iran was once a major center of Greek culture?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which area of North Africa has hosted Irish communities in the past?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What twelfth century empire had roughly the same extent as ancient Greece's?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: During the first four days of the war, the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory. On 9 June, Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt's citizens of their country's defeat. He announced his resignation on television later that day, and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin, who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post. Hundreds of thousands of sympathizers poured into the streets in mass demonstrations throughout Egypt and across the Arab world rejecting his resignation, chanting, "We are your soldiers, Gamal!" Nasser retracted his decision the next day.
Question: What propaganda were Arab media broadcasting at the beginning of the war?
Answer: imminent Arab victory
Question: What day did Nasser announce Egypt's defeat?
Answer: 9 June
Question: What did Nasser do about his position as President?
Answer: announced his resignation
Question: Who rejected Nasser's offer to become the new president?
Answer: Zakaria Mohieddin
Question: What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations?
Answer: retracted his decision
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Context: Under the direction of recording engineer C. Robert Fine, Mercury Records initiated a minimalist single microphone monaural recording technique in 1951. The first record, a Chicago Symphony Orchestra performance of Pictures at an Exhibition, conducted by Rafael Kubelik, was described as "being in the living presence of the orchestra" by The New York Times music critic. The series of records was then named Mercury Living Presence. In 1955, Mercury began three-channel stereo recordings, still based on the principle of the single microphone. The center (single) microphone was of paramount importance, with the two side mics adding depth and space. Record masters were cut directly from a three-track to two-track mixdown console, with all editing of the master tapes done on the original three-tracks. In 1961, Mercury enhanced this technique with three-microphone stereo recordings using 35 mm magnetic film instead of half-inch tape for recording. The greater thickness and width of 35 mm magnetic film prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response. The Mercury Living Presence recordings were remastered to CD in the 1990s by the original producer, Wilma Cozart Fine, using the same method of 3-to-2 mix directly to the master recorder.
Question: For which company did C. Robert Fine work for?
Answer: Mercury Records
Question: What benefits were found in using the 35mm magnetic film?
Answer: prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response
Question: Who developed the 3-to-2 mix to create lifelike recordings?
Answer: Mercury
Question: Which microphone hold the most importance in 3 microphone recording?
Answer: The center
Question: In which year did Mercury begin 3 channel stereo recording?
Answer: 1955
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Context: Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.
Question: What is the thalamus a part of?
Answer: the diencephalon
Question: Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
Answer: Cannon
Question: What creatures did Bard experiment on?
Answer: animals
Question: Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?
Answer: physiological
Question: What is the thalamus not a part of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who argued that an unemotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What creatures did Bard never experiment on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon after being processed?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a secret group of dissenting officers. According to secondhand reports, Nasser convincingly denied the allegations. Abdel Hadi was also hesitant to take drastic measures against the army, especially in front of its chief of staff, who was present during the interrogation, and subsequently released Nasser. The interrogation pushed Nasser to speed up his group's activities.
Question: What people had a coup around the time Nasser returned to Egypt?
Answer: Syrian
Question: Who questioned Nasser?
Answer: Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel
Question: What was Nasser's reaction to the questions he was asked?
Answer: convincingly denied the allegations
Question: What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?
Answer: speed up his group's activities
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Context: Nevertheless, the Fujiwara were not demoted by Daigo but actually became stronger during his reign. Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger shōen and greater wealth during the early tenth century. By the early Heian period, the shōen had obtained legal status, and the large religious establishments sought clear titles in perpetuity, waiver of taxes, and immunity from government inspection of the shōen they held. Those people who worked the land found it advantageous to transfer title to shōen holders in return for a share of the harvest. People and lands were increasingly beyond central control and taxation, a de facto return to conditions before the Taika Reform.
Question: What type of property obtained legal status during the early Heian period?
Answer: shōen
Question: Farm laborers traded titles to shoen holders in exchange for what?
Answer: a share of the harvest
Question: The Fujiwara and other noble families became richer during which century?
Answer: early tenth century
Question: Who was demoted during the reign of Deigo?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was central control growing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who's shoen and wealth were declining?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What reform moved control of people and land from the central government?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: when did religious establishments obtain legal status?
Answer: Unanswerable
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Context: The Romans under Nero Claudius Drusus established a military outpost belonging to the Germania Superior Roman province at Strasbourg's current location, and named it Argentoratum. (Hence the town is commonly called Argentina in medieval Latin.) The name "Argentoratum" was first mentioned in 12 BC and the city celebrated its 2,000th birthday in 1988. "Argentorate" as the toponym of the Gaulish settlement preceded it before being Latinized, but it is not known by how long. The Roman camp was destroyed by fire and rebuilt six times between the first and the fifth centuries AD: in 70, 97, 235, 355, in the last quarter of the fourth century, and in the early years of the fifth century. It was under Trajan and after the fire of 97 that Argentoratum received its most extended and fortified shape. From the year 90 on, the Legio VIII Augusta was permanently stationed in the Roman camp of Argentoratum. It then included a cavalry section and covered an area of approximately 20 hectares. Other Roman legions temporarily stationed in Argentoratum were the Legio XIV Gemina and the Legio XXI Rapax, the latter during the reign of Nero.
Question: What was Strasbourg called in 12 BC?
Answer: Argentoratum
Question: What was the Roman camp destroyed by?
Answer: fire
Question: Who was leading the Romans at Argentoratum?
Answer: Nero Claudius Drusus
Question: After what year was the Legio VIII Augusta permanently stationed in Argentoratum?
Answer: year 90
Question: How many times was Argentoratum rebuilt during the first and fifth centuries AD?
Answer: six times
Question: In what year did the Romans establish a military outpost?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year were the Legio XIV Gemina Roman Legions first stationed in Argentoratum?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the Legio XXI Rapax Roman Legions first stationed in Argentoratum?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was Nero made emperor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: For how many years was Argentorate made the toponym of the Gaulish settlement?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: Pioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "laser disc player", although the "LaserDisc" logo displayed clearly on the device. In 1981, "LaserDisc" was used exclusively for the medium itself, although the official name was "LaserVision" (as seen at the beginning of many LaserDisc releases just before the start of the film). However, as Pioneer reminded numerous video magazines and stores in 1984, LaserDisc was a trademarked word, standing only for LaserVision products manufactured for sale by Pioneer Video or Pioneer Electronics. A 1984 Ray Charles ad for the LD-700 player bore the term "Pioneer LaserDisc brand videodisc player". From 1981 until the early 1990s, all properly licensed discs carried the LaserVision name and logo, even Pioneer Artists titles.
Question: Which company joined a 50/50 partnership with MCA in 1977?
Answer: Pioneer Electronics
Question: In what year was the first Universal-Pioneer player released?
Answer: 1980
Question: What was the name of the first Universal-Pioneer player?
Answer: the VP-1000
Question: Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984?
Answer: Ray Charles
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Context: In the north, substantial efforts were made against Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sunderland, which were large ports on the English east coast. On 9 April 1941 Luftflotte 2 dropped 150 tons of high explosives and 50,000 incendiaries from 120 bombers in a five-hour attack. Sewer, rail, docklands, and electric installations were damaged. In Sunderland on 25 April, Luftflotte 2 sent 60 bombers which dropped 80 tons of high explosive and 9,000 incendiaries. Much damage was done. A further attack on the Clyde, this time at Greenock, took place on 6 and 7 May. However, as with the attacks in the south, the Germans failed to prevent maritime movements or cripple industry in the regions.
Question: What were two large ports on the English east coast in the North?
Answer: Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sunderland
Question: How many bombers were used in a five-hour attack?
Answer: 120
Question: Sunderland saw how many incendiaries used against it on 25 April?
Answer: 9,000 incendiaries
Question: What was the result of the German attacks?
Answer: the Germans failed to prevent maritime movements or cripple industry in the regions
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Context: Once again his spirits were raised when the unit under his command received orders overseas to France. This time his wishes were thwarted when the armistice was signed, just a week before departure. Completely missing out on the warfront left him depressed and bitter for a time, despite being given the Distinguished Service Medal for his work at home.[citation needed] In World War II, rivals who had combat service in the first great war (led by Gen. Bernard Montgomery) sought to denigrate Eisenhower for his previous lack of combat duty, despite his stateside experience establishing a camp, completely equipped, for thousands of troops, and developing a full combat training schedule.
Question: How long before Eisenhower was to be transferred to France did World War I end?
Answer: week
Question: What decoration did Eisenhower receive as a result of his First World War service?
Answer: Distinguished Service Medal
Question: What notable Second World War commander disparaged Eisenhower for his lack of combat experience?
Answer: Montgomery
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Context: This means that a 5% reduction in operating voltage will more than double the life of the bulb, at the expense of reducing its light output by about 16%. This may be a very acceptable trade off for a light bulb that is in a difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings). Long-life bulbs take advantage of this trade-off. Since the value of the electric power they consume is much more than the value of the lamp, general service lamps emphasize efficiency over long operating life. The objective is to minimize the cost of light, not the cost of lamps. Early bulbs had a life of up to 2500 hours, but in 1924 a cartel agreed to limit life to 1000 hours. When this was exposed in 1953, General Electric and other leading American manufacturers were banned from limiting the life.
Question: What level of voltage reduction is required to double the life of an incandescent bulb?
Answer: a 5% reduction in operating voltage
Question: When did light bulb manufacturers establish a cartel to limit bulb life?
Answer: 1924
Question: When did authorities break up the light bulb cartel?
Answer: 1953
Question: What was the artificially low limit on bulb life placed by the cartel?
Answer: 1000 hours
Question: What is an example of a good application for a long-life bulb?
Answer: difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings)
Question: What level f voltage reduction is required to triple the life of an incandescent bulb?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an unacceptable trade off foe a light bulb in a difficult to access location?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do general service lamps not emphasize over long operating life?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened to light companies and American manufactures in 1964?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings.
Question: What dashes do not represent changes in rank?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: The spiritual tradition of Dominic's Order is punctuated not only by charity, study and preaching, but also by instances of mystical union. The Dominican emphasis on learning and on charity distinguishes it from other monastic and mendicant orders. As the order first developed on the European continent, learning continued to be emphasized by these friars and their sisters in Christ. These religious also struggled for a deeply personal, intimate relationship with God. When the order reached England, many of these attributes were kept, but the English gave the order additional, specialized characteristics. This topic is discussed below.
Question: The tradition of the Dominican Order includes what?
Answer: charity
Question: What is one area the Dominican Order puts emphasis on?
Answer: learning
Question: What is one way that the Dominican Order differentiates itself from other religious orders?
Answer: charity
Question: In what country did some of the Dominican Order attributes change?
Answer: England
Question: What is the spiritual tradition of Dominic's order not only punctuated by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What order does not include mystical union?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What order was first developed on the Asian continent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country did some of the Dominican Order not attribute change to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the friars and sisters in Christ not struggle with?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot, out of the centre of the city, for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer, Princess Obreskoff. Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind.
Question: Who did Chopin play for while she sang?
Answer: Delfina Potocka
Question: In 1849 where did Chopin live?
Answer: Chaillot
Question: Who was anonymously paying for Chopin's apartment?
Answer: Princess Obreskoff
Question: When did Chopin return to Paris?
Answer: November
Question: Chopin accompanied which singer for friends?
Answer: Delfina Potocka
Question: Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?
Answer: Chaillot
Question: Who paid for Chopin's apartment in Chaillot?
Answer: Princess Obreskoff.
Question: When did Jenny Lind visit Chopin?
Answer: June 1849
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Context: Indigenous population in Peru make up around 45%. Native Peruvian traditions and customs have shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today. Cultural citizenship—or what Renato Rosaldo has called, "the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru. This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence.
Question: What percentage of Peru's population is indigenous?
Answer: 45%
Question: What has shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today?
Answer: Native Peruvian traditions
Question: What is not very well developed in Peru?
Answer: Cultural citizenship
Question: What regions suffer from state-sponsored abuse and violence?
Answer: Amazonian
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Context: In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). National average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.
Question: How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?
Answer: 181,973
Question: How many grad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?
Answer: 20,014
Question: How many professional degree college students were in Oklahoma in 2007?
Answer: 4,395
Question: How many of Oklahoma's 2007 undergrads completed their degree?
Answer: 18,892
Question: How many of Oklahoma's 2007 grad students completed their degree?
Answer: 5,386
|
Context: The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavids, whose rulers were of mamluk Turk origin, and longer subsequently under the Turkish Seljuk and Khwarezmian empires. These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianized identity with them. The result of the adoption and patronage of Persian culture by Turkish rulers was the development of a distinct Turko-Persian tradition.
Question: What tribes migranted en masse to the Iranian plateau in the 10th Century?
Answer: Turkic tribes
Question: Where did these Turkic tribes come from before the migrated into Iran in the 10th Century?
Answer: Central Asia
Question: The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army?
Answer: mamluks (slave-warriors)
Question: In what year did the Ghaznavids briefly control large portions of Iran?
Answer: 999
Question: How were the Ghaznavids different from the original Turkics that migrated into Iran?
Answer: These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership
|
Context: Von Neumann founded the field of continuous geometry. It followed his path-breaking work on rings of operators. In mathematics, continuous geometry is an analogue of complex projective geometry, where instead of the dimension of a subspace being in a discrete set 0, 1, ..., n, it can be an element of the unit interval [0,1]. Von Neumann was motivated by his discovery of von Neumann algebras with a dimension function taking a continuous range of dimensions, and the first example of a continuous geometry other than projective space was the projections of the hyperfinite type II factor.
Question: What field did Von Neuman establish?
Answer: continuous geometry.
Question: What is the distinction of continuous geometry?
Answer: instead of the dimension of a subspace being in a discrete set 0, 1, ..., n, it can be an element of the unit interval
Question: What was the first example of continuous geometry?
Answer: projections of the hyperfinite type II factor
|
Context: After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square. Charles Terry and John Low remained at the original landing location and reestablished their old land claim and called it "New York", but renamed "New York Alki" in April 1853, from a Chinook word meaning, roughly, "by and by" or "someday". For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, but in time Alki was abandoned and its residents moved across the bay to join the rest of the settlers.
Question: What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square?
Answer: Denny Party
Question: by what name did Charles Terry and John Low first name their settlement?
Answer: New York
Question: What was the Chinook enhanced name of Terry and Low's settlement?
Answer: New York Alki
Question: What site was eventually abandoned when the settlers moved back in with Denny?
Answer: New York Alki
Question: When was New York Alki established?
Answer: April 1853
|
Context: In 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826–1905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind". He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); different cultures, or different "folk ideas" (Völkergedanken), are local modifications of the elementary ideas. This view paved the way for the modern understanding of culture. Franz Boas (1858–1942) was trained in this tradition, and he brought it with him when he left Germany for the United States.
Question: According to Bastian, what did he believe all human societies shared?
Answer: elementary ideas
Question: What was the name of the person argued for "The psychic unity of mankind"?
Answer: Adolf Bastian
Question: Who trained under Bastian's ideas on culture?
Answer: Franz Boas
Question: What did Adolf Bastian believe all human societies ignored?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who argued for "The psychic separation of mankind"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who first taught Bastian's ideas on culture?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Hungarian term means "folk ideas"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What view did not have a paved way for modern understanding?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: New Haven is repeatedly referenced by Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgerald's literary classic The Great Gatsby, as well as by fellow fictional Yale alumnus C. Montgomery Burns, a character from The Simpsons television show. A fictional native of New Haven is Alex Welch from the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Icelandic Flock. The TV show Gilmore Girls is set (but not filmed) in New Haven and at Yale University, as are scenes in the film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008).
Question: In what Fitzgerald classic does the fictional protagonist make repeated references to New Haven?
Answer: The Great Gatsby
Question: Who is the fictional Yale University alumnus, and ostensible former resident of New Haven, featured on The Simpsons?
Answer: C. Montgomery Burns
Question: What fictional New Haven resident is featured in the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and a Curious Iceland Flock?
Answer: Alex Welch
Question: At what New Haven university is The Gilmore Girls hypothetically set, at least in part?
Answer: Yale
Question: The city of New Haven was often referenced several time by a character in a very popular novel which name was?
Answer: The Great Gatsby
Question: The Simpson has a character that was set to graduated from Yale University, can you guess his name?
Answer: Montgomery Burns
Question: What relations does the television show Gilmore Girls have to New Haven city?
Answer: is set (but not filmed) in New Haven
|
Context: Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ranges, because of the lack of stopover or feeding sites, or the lack of thermal columns for broad-winged birds.
Question: What route does a migrating bird usually follow?
Answer: an hooked or arched line
Question: What geographical barriers to land birds try to avoid?
Answer: large water bodies or high mountain ranges
Question: Why do migrating land birds avoid large water bodies or mountain ranges?
Answer: the lack of stopover or feeding sites
Question: Why do broad winged birds avoid geographical barriers?
Answer: lack of thermal columns
|
Context: On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing "temporary entry" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.
Question: In 1944 who called on all Yuboslavs to come together under Tito's leadership?
Answer: King Peter II
Question: With whom did Tito sign an agreement on September 28 1944?
Answer: Soviet Union
Question: Who were allowed "temporary entry" into Yugoslav territory?
Answer: Soviet troops
Question: Who assisted in operations in ortheastern areas of Yugoslavia?
Answer: Red Army
Question: Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines?
Answer: the Partisans
|
Context: The PlayStation 3 Slim received extremely positive reviews as well as a boost in sales; less than 24 hours after its announcement, PS3 Slim took the number-one bestseller spot on Amazon.com in the video games section for fifteen consecutive days. It regained the number-one position again one day later. PS3 Slim also received praise from PC World giving it a 90 out of 100 praising its new repackaging and the new value it brings at a lower price as well as praising its quietness and the reduction in its power consumption. This is in stark contrast to the original PS3's launch in which it was given position number-eight on their "The Top 21 Tech Screwups of 2006" list.
Question: With a day of its release, on what website did the PS3 Slim become the number-one bestseller?
Answer: Amazon.com
Question: For how many consecutive days did the PS3 Slim hold the number-one spot on Amazon.com?
Answer: fifteen
Question: What score did the PS3 Slim earn from PC World?
Answer: 90 out of 100
Question: PC World's rave review of the PS3 Slim was a complete turnaround from their thoughts on what older model console?
Answer: PS3
Question: Along with the PS Slim's value, quietness, and lower power usage, what superficial quality did PC World praise?
Answer: repackaging
Question: With a week of its release, on what website did the PS3 Slim become the number-one bestseller?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: For how many consecutive days did the PS4 Slim hold the number-one spot on Amazon.com?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What score did the PS4 Slim earn from PC World?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: PC World's rave review of the PS3 Slim was a complete turnaround from their thoughts on what newer model console?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with the PS Slim's value, quietness, and high power usage, what superficial quality did PC World praise?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: The strength of beers has climbed during the later years of the 20th century. Vetter 33, a 10.5% abv (33 degrees Plato, hence Vetter "33") doppelbock, was listed in the 1994 Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest beer at that time, though Samichlaus, by the Swiss brewer Hürlimann, had also been listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the strongest at 14% abv. Since then, some brewers have used champagne yeasts to increase the alcohol content of their beers. Samuel Adams reached 20% abv with Millennium, and then surpassed that amount to 25.6% abv with Utopias. The strongest beer brewed in Britain was Baz's Super Brew by Parish Brewery, a 23% abv beer. In September 2011, the Scottish brewery BrewDog produced Ghost Deer, which, at 28%, they claim to be the world's strongest beer produced by fermentation alone.
Question: How much alcohol is contained in the beer Vetter 33?
Answer: 10.5%
Question: What was the strongest beer in 1994 according to the Guinness Book of World Records?
Answer: Vetter 33
Question: What brewing company produced the beer Millennium?
Answer: Samuel Adams
Question: What year did the brewing company BrewDog start producing a beer called Ghost Deer?
Answer: 2011
Question: What do brewing companies sometimes use to give more alcohol content to their beer?
Answer: champagne yeasts
Question: What beer has a 10.5% volume by alcohol?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the strongest beer in the 1949 Guinness Book of World Records?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage abv did Adams Samuel first reach by using champagne yeasts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the abv of Utopias that was brewed in Britain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was produced in September of 2001?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: In November 2012, a referendum resulted in 54 percent of respondents voting to reject the current status under the territorial clause of the U.S. Constitution, while a second question resulted in 61 percent of voters identifying statehood as the preferred alternative to the current territorial status. The 2012 referendum was by far the most successful referendum for statehood advocates and support for statehood has risen in each successive popular referendum. However, more than one in four voters abstained from answering the question on the preferred alternative status. Statehood opponents have argued that the statehood option garnered only 45 percent of the votes if abstentions are included. If abstentions are considered, the result of the referendum is much closer to 44 percent for statehood, a number that falls under the 50 percent majority mark.
Question: What percentage of voters rejected the status of territory?
Answer: 54 percent
Question: What percentage of voters preferred statehood?
Answer: 61 percent
Question: What percentage of voters abstained from voting on a preferred alternative status?
Answer: one in four voters
Question: What argument do those opposing statehood use?
Answer: the statehood option garnered only 45 percent of the votes if abstentions are included
Question: What percentage of voters rejected the status of a statehood?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of voters preferred the territorial clause?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of voters abstained from voting on a majority percent status?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What argument do those opposing the territorial clause use?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the most inclusive referendum?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area. There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed. As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory (which is often slow compared to the ALU and control units) greatly increases the computer's speed.
Question: What part of the computer has memory cells called registers?
Answer: The CPU
Question: What is the typical range of registers for a CPU?
Answer: two and one hundred registers
|
Context: Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil" and would "cause division". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased".
Question: Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: the Governing Body
Question: What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?
Answer: dissent
Question: What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings?
Answer: expelled and shunned
Question: Why should the counsel received from the Governing Body be trusted?
Answer: part of "God's organization"
Question: Who do Jehovah's Witnesses believe introduced independent thinking?
Answer: Satan the Devil
Question: What religion accommodates members who question its teachings?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What religion encourages its adherents to think critically?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What religion treats those who want to engage in independent thinking in a loving way?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What religion wouldn't think of expelling someone merely because they have questions about what the church teaches?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% of the Bronx's vote in 1948 against 55% for Pres. Harry Truman, the winning Democrat, and 17% for Henry A. Wallace of the Progressives. It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.)
Question: Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?
Answer: Al Smith
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Hughes get?
Answer: 42.6%
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?
Answer: 42.6%
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Benson get?
Answer: 7.3%
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1948 did Truman get?
Answer: 55%
|
Context: In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK.
Question: What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year?
Answer: the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
Question: Joining farmers, what other kind of workers opposed SDST?
Answer: postal workers
Question: What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST?
Answer: northern regions
|
Context: In recent years a number of well-known tourism-related organizations have placed Greek destinations in the top of their lists. In 2009 Lonely Planet ranked Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, the world's fifth best "Ultimate Party Town", alongside cities such as Montreal and Dubai, while in 2011 the island of Santorini was voted as the best island in the world by Travel + Leisure. The neighbouring island of Mykonos was ranked as the 5th best island Europe. Thessaloniki was the European Youth Capital in 2014.
Question: What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the top of?
Answer: their lists
Question: What Greek city was rated the world's fifth best ultimate party town by 2009's Lonely Planet?
Answer: Thessaloniki
Question: What distinction does the city of Thessaloniki have in regards to size in Greece?
Answer: the country's second-largest city
Question: What did Travel+Leisure vote the island of Santorini as in 2011?
Answer: best island in the world
Question: What island was ranked as the 5th best in Europe?
Answer: Mykonos
Question: What have a number of tourism-related organizations placed Greek destinations at the bottom of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Greek city was rated the world's worst ultimate party town by 2008's Lonely Planet?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What distinction does the city of Thessaloniki not have in regards to size in Greece?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Travel+Leisure vote the island of Santorini as in 2005?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What island was ranked as the most dangerous in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
|
Context: In the following two decades after Sianis' ill will, the Cubs played mostly forgettable baseball, finishing among the worst teams in the National League on an almost annual basis. Longtime infielder/manager Phil Cavarretta, who had been a key player during the '45 season, was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the team was unlikely to finish above fifth place. Although shortstop Ernie Banks would become one of the star players in the league during the next decade, finding help for him proved a difficult task, as quality players such as Hank Sauer were few and far between. This, combined with poor ownership decisions such as the College of Coaches, and the ill-fated trade of future Hall of Famer Lou Brock to the Cardinals for pitcher Ernie Broglio (who won only 7 games over the next three seasons), hampered on-field performance.
Question: Who had been a key player in the 1945 season?
Answer: Phil Cavarretta
Question: What season was Phil Cavarretta a key player for the Cubs?
Answer: the '45 season
Question: Who was fired during spring training in 1954 after admitting the Cubs were unlikely to finish above fifth place?
Answer: Phil Cavarretta
|
Context: The Soviets kept the details and true appearance of the Vostok capsule secret until the April 1965 Moscow Economic Exhibition, where it was first displayed without its aerodynamic nose cone concealing the spherical capsule. The "Vostok spaceship" had been first displayed at the July 1961 Tushino air show, mounted on its launch vehicle's third stage, with the nose cone in place. A tail section with eight fins was also added, in an apparent attempt to confuse western observers. This spurious tail section also appeared on official commemorative stamps and a documentary.
Question: At what event was the Vostok spaceship first displayed to the public ?
Answer: July 1961 Tushino air show
|
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