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A647 road The A647 is an A road in West Yorkshire, England that begins in Leeds and ends in Halifax. The road is long. Route The road begins at the Armley Gyratory and goes via Armley, by-passes Stanningley and Pudsey, then onwards via Thornbury to the edge of Bradford city centre. The road then becomes part of the Bradford's Inner Ring Road (Croft Street) heading through Great Horton and up to Queensbury ( above sea level) before heading down hill via Boothtown to Halifax town centre. History In June 2016 the CS1 Cycle Superhighway opened from Bradford to Leeds, for the most part following the corridor of the A647. However unlike similarly-named schemes in the Netherlands and London, this route relies on allocated lane space within the vehicle carriageway which has led to criticism over its effectiveness from cycling and transport consultants. Stanningley bypass The road is a stretch of dual carriageway on the western edge of Leeds. It was built in the 1970s to ease traffic congestion along Stanningley Road, forming part of the Leeds Outer Ring Road. Prior to this the A647 passed through the centre of Stanningley along the line of the present B6157. It is notable for the fact that it had Britain's first High Occupancy Vehicle Lane (HOV lane). References Category:Roads in Yorkshire Category:Transport in West Yorkshire Category:Transport in Leeds |
Omar Vizquel Omar Enrique Vizquel González (; born April 24, 1967), nicknamed "Little O", is a Venezuelan former professional baseball shortstop. During his 24-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, Vizquel played for the Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, San Francisco Giants, Texas Rangers, Chicago White Sox, and Toronto Blue Jays. In Venezuela he played for Leones del Caracas. From 2014 to 2017, he was the Detroit Tigers' first-base, infield and baserunning coach. He is currently the manager for the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican League. Widely considered one of baseball's all-time best fielding shortstops, Vizquel won eleven Gold Glove Awards, including nine consecutive from 1993–2001. Among shortstops, his .985 fielding percentage is tied for highest all-time, he is the all-time leader in games played, and the all-time leader in double plays turned. Vizquel tied Cal Ripken, Jr.'s American League record for most consecutive games at shortstop without an error (95, between September 26, 1999 and July 21, 2000), since surpassed. Vizquel is the all-time hits leader among players from Venezuela (2,877; 43rd all-time), and the shortstop with the third-most hits all time, behind Derek Jeter and Honus Wagner. Vizquel is the sacrifice hit leader of the live-ball era. At the time of his retirement, Vizquel was the oldest player in the Major Leagues, and the only active player with service time in the 1980s. He is one of only 29 players in baseball history to play in Major League games in four decades, and the only one who played shortstop. On May 7, 2012, Vizquel became the oldest player to play at shortstop in the Major League history, surpassing Bobby Wallace, who played 12 games with the St. Louis Cardinals at the age of 44 in 1918. Professional career Seattle Mariners Vizquel started his career with the Leones del Caracas of the Venezuelan Winter League together with Tony Armas, Bo Díaz and Andrés Galarraga. He learned to switch hit from Bill Plummer who managed Vizquel with the Leones del Caracas, in 1986-87 and 1988-89, and coached and managed the Mariners. Originally signed by the Mariners as a non-drafted free agent in 1984, Vizquel made his Major League debut on April 3, 1989. Batting ninth in the lineup, he went 0-for-3 while making five assists, a double play and an error in a 3-2 loss to the Oakland Athletics. Three nights later, he collected his first career hit in the third inning against Storm Davis with a single, later scoring on a Darnell Coles double, although the Mariners lost 11-3 to the Athletics. Cleveland Indians At the end of the 1993 season, Vizquel was traded by the Mariners to the Indians for Félix Fermín, Reggie Jefferson, and cash. During Vizquel's career in Cleveland, the Indians made it to the World Series twice, losing to the Atlanta Braves in 1995 and to the Florida Marlins in 1997. Vizquel is a lifetime .250 hitter in 57 postseason games. Vizquel won nine consecutive Gold Gloves with the Mariners and Indians, starting with his first in 1993 with Seattle and continuing until 2001. Alex Rodriguez broke Vizquel's streak and won the award in 2002. Vizquel won two additional Gold Gloves in 2005 and 2006 with the San Francisco Giants. In 1999, Vizquel hit over .300 and scored 100 runs for the first time in his career, finishing the season with a .333 batting average and 112 runs scored for an Indians team that scored a league-leading 1,009 runs. Vizquel hit second in the line-up between lead-off man Kenny Lofton and third-place hitter Alomar in the most productive offensive line-up in Cleveland baseball history. This line-up |
also included power hitters Jim Thome and Manny Ramirez. On August 5, 2001, Vizquel hit a three-run triple in the ninth inning against the Seattle Mariners to tie the game 14–14, capping a comeback from a 14–2 deficit. The Indians went on to win 15–14 in eleven innings, tying the record for the largest comeback win in history. Vizquel reached career highs in 2002 hitting 14 homers and 72 RBI, but his success was interrupted by the need for surgery on his right knee. He tied the 2002 All-Star Game 7–7 with an RBI triple in the eighth inning. As a result of his knee injury in 2002 and a follow-up operation, he appeared in only 64 games in 2003. In a game on May 27, 2003, Vizquel had a straight steal of home against the Detroit Tigers. He caught Tigers pitcher Steve Avery by surprise and made it home without a throw. Vizquel returned in 2004 to hit .291 in 148 games. At the end of the season, Vizquel was signed by the Giants as a free agent. San Francisco Giants On June 23, 2007 the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame inducted Vizquel, along with former Giants outfielder Matty Alou, into its Hall of Fame during an on-field, pre-game ceremony. For the 13th and final time, Vizquel finished in the top ten in sacrifice hits, having 14 to finish 2nd along with John Maine behind Juan Pierre. Vizquel underwent arthroscopic knee surgery on February 27, 2008. He started the 2008 season on the disabled list and played in his first game on May 10. Vizquel stole home for the second time in his career against Oakland Athletics pitcher Greg Smith on June 13. Vizquel won the Hutch Award and the Willie Mac Award, and was a finalist for the Heart & Hustle Award. Only two other players, Dave Dravecky and Craig Biggio, have won more than one of these awards, although Willie McCovey himself won the Hutch Award before having the Willie Mac Award named for him. Vizquel was Greg Maddux's 3000th strikeout victim on July 26, 2005. Texas Rangers On January 21, 2009, Vizquel signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers and made the team's major league roster. He served mainly as a backup middle infielder. In 62 games with the Rangers, he had 47 hits, 17 runs, 14 RBIs with a .266 batting average and a .660 OPS to go with 27 strikeouts and 13 walks. In each of the three positions (shortstop, third base, second base) he played with the team, he made no errors. He played 27 games at shortstop for 196.2 innings, making 32 putouts and 76 assists with 22 double plays turned; he appeared in 20 games at third base for 101 innings, having five putouts and 22 assists, while making 23 putouts and 49 assists at second base. Chicago White Sox On November 23, 2009, Vizquel agreed to a one-year contract with the Chicago White Sox worth $1.4 million. After making the deal official, former shortstop and White Sox legend Luis Aparicio asked that his number 11 be temporarily "unretired" for Vizquel during the 2010 season, mostly due to the fact that White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén — like Vizquel and Aparicio, a Venezuelan shortstop — had rights to #13, the number Vizquel has worn through his career. On May 25, 2010, Vizquel became the shortstop with the second most hits all time, behind Derek Jeter. On June 25, he hit his first home run of 2010, putting him on the short list of players who have hit |
home runs in four different decades (with Ted Williams, Willie McCovey, and Rickey Henderson). On November 2, 2010, Vizquel signed a one-year deal to remain in Chicago. On April 3, 2011, Vizquel got a single for his 2,800th career hit. Despite being well into his forties, Vizquel was still regarded as one of the better defensive shortstops in the game and seen by his former White Sox teammates as one of the most physically fit. Toronto Blue Jays Vizquel signed a 1-year minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays for the 2012 season. He made the team out of spring training, and made his first appearance on Opening Day, against his former club, the Cleveland Indians. His first start came on April 22, against the Kansas City Royals. Vizquel was ejected from a game against the Texas Rangers on May 1, arguing with the home plate umpire from the bench. Vizquel jokingly danced to mock the umpire before exiting the dugout. Vizquel hinted at retirement upon the conclusion of the 2012 season. Despite being 45 years of age and appearing in only five games at that point in the season with the Blue Jays, he stated "I feel excited about coming to the ballpark. Maybe not every day, because there are going to be some days you're going to be sore. But I still feel I want to be here. I want to compete." In a game against the Detroit Tigers on July 27, Vizquel hit his first two extra-base hits of the season, a double and triple. Vizquel became the third oldest player to hit a triple (behind Julio Franco and Nick Altrock) and became the oldest player in major league history to hit a double and a triple in the same game. In the first game of a day-night doubleheader against the New York Yankees on September 19, Vizquel recorded his 2,874th career hit, passing Babe Ruth for 41st all-time. In the final game of the 2012 season, Brett Lawrie wore a #17 jersey as opposed to his usual #13. This allowed Vizquel to wear #13 (the number he wore through most of his career) when he played his final game on October 3, 2012. Vizquel went 1 for 3, hitting a single in his last at bat, the 2,877th hit of his career moving him ahead of Mel Ott for 40th position on the all-time hits list. Vizquel retired after the season and was the last position player born in the 1960s, as well as the last to play in the 1980s, to retire. Coaching Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim On January 30, 2013, Vizquel was hired by the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim to become a co-infield coach with Bobby Knoop, to replace Dick Schofield, whose contract was not renewed for 2013. Detroit Tigers On November 18, 2013, the Detroit Tigers named Vizquel as their new first-base coach, replacing Rafael Belliard. Under manager Brad Ausmus, Vizquel also served as the Tigers infield and baserunning instructor. Following the dismissal of Ausmus after the 2017 season, Vizquel interviewed for the vacant manager's position, but was passed over in favor of Ron Gardenhire. Chicago White Sox On November 2017 Vizquel returned to the White Sox organization to manage their Class A-Advanced team, the Winston-Salem Dash. In December 2018 Vizquel was promoted to manage the White Sox' Class AA team, the Birmingham Barons. Toros de Tijuana On December 2, 2019, Vizquel was named as the new manager for the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican League for the 2020 season. Personal life Vizquel is active in community service, having |
served as an honorary spokesperson for "Young Audiences", an arts education organization in Cleveland, and "Schools Now", which raises funds through the sale of entertainment booklets. Following the 1999 Vargas mudslide disaster that killed 25,000 in his native Venezuela, Vizquel volunteered for the relief effort and helped raise over $500,000 for the cause. Vizquel has held various charitable events in downtown Cleveland such as Tribe Jam, where he and some other teammates get together with each other or with retired singers and sing some of their favorite songs. His 2002 autobiography, Omar!: My Life on and Off the Field, which he co-wrote with Bob Dyer, spent four weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List. It was released in paperback in 2003. Vizquel is referenced in an episode of The Simpsons entitled "Bart's Friend Falls in Love" (May 1992). In the episode, Bart takes a distracted Milhouse's Carl Yastrzemski baseball card in exchange for one of Vizquel with the head cut out. Vizquel married Nicole, a Seattle native, in 1992. They later divorced, and Vizquel married Blanca Garcia in July 2014. Feud with José Mesa A long-running and well-publicized feud erupted between Vizquel and former teammate and friend José Mesa. In 2002, following the publication of his autobiography, Omar! My Life On and Off the Field, Vizquel criticized Mesa's performance in Game 7 of the 1997 World Series: "The eyes of the world were focused on every move we made. Unfortunately, Jose's own eyes were vacant. Completely empty. Nobody home. You could almost see right through him. Not long after I looked into his vacant eyes, he blew the save and the Marlins tied the game." Mesa reacted furiously, pledging to hit Vizquel upon every subsequent opportunity: "Even my little boy told me to get him. If I face him 10 more times, I'll hit him 10 times. I want to kill him." On June 12, 2002, Mesa hit Vizquel with a pitch in the ninth inning. Mesa was not ejected and finished the game. They did not face each other again until 2006; by then, Vizquel was with the San Francisco Giants and Mesa was playing for the Colorado Rockies. When Vizquel came to bat against Mesa in Denver on April 22, Mesa hit him again. Meeting three more times in 2006, however, Vizquel escaped being hit by his former teammate, with two groundouts and an RBI single. Vizquel batted .333 (7-for-21) against Mesa before Mesa's retirement in 2007. Baseball records and accomplishments Defense All-time leader in double plays made while playing shortstop 11-time Gold Glove recipient Oldest shortstop recipient of the Gold Glove (age 38 in 2005, and again at age 39 in 2006) Highest career fielding percentage by a shortstop (0.9846) with at least 1,000 games played Lowest number of errors in a season by a shortstop (tie) (3 in the 2000 season) 6th in assists all-time, 3rd in assists at SS all-time Offense All-time leader in hits by a player from Venezuela The 47th major league player to reach 2,800 career hits (April 3, 2011) At retirement was the second-most hits by an active (roster) player behind Derek Jeter, was the category leader for the 2008 and a portion of the 2009 seasons, 47th all-time At retirement had the most singles by an active (roster) player, 20th all-time At retirement had the most at-bats by an active (roster) player, 19th all-time Fifth all-time in sacrifice hits plus sacrifice flies behind Eddie Collins, Jake Daubert, Stuffy McInnis and Willie Keeler All-time leader in sacrifice hits in the live-ball era, and four-time league leader (1997, 1999, 2004 |
& 2005) Likely 5th to 7th all-time in sacrifice hits after accounting for the 1954 statistical change (40th all-time without adjustment) At retirement, had the second-most sacrifice flies by an active (roster) player behind Alex Rodriguez, 50th all-time (tie) At retirement had the third most stolen bases by an active (roster) player behind Juan Pierre and Carl Crawford, 68th all-time American League record holder (tie) for most hits in a nine-inning game: Vizquel hit six on August 31, 2004 Second-most hits while playing shortstop (behind Derek Jeter) Fourth-most runs while playing shortstop all-time (behind Herman Long, Derek Jeter and Bill Dahlen) Seventh-most stolen bases while playing shortstop all-time (behind Bert Campaneris, Ozzie Smith, Herman Long, Luis Aparicio, Honus Wagner, and Bill Dahlen) At retirement had most seasons by active player as a batting title qualifier with isolated power (extra bases per at-bat) under .100, with 12 43rd all-time in career hits (2,877) Overall 2nd all time in games played at shortstop At retirement had played the most games by an active (roster) player, 14th all-time 3-time All-Star (1998, 1999 & 2002) Won 2 American League Championships (with Cleveland, 1995, 1997) Won 6 American League Central Division Championships (with Cleveland, 1995–99, 2001) Won the Hutch Award (1996), the only non-American player ever to do so Won the Willie Mac Award (2006) for spirit and leadership Finalist for the Heart & Hustle Award (2007) for embodying "the values, spirit and tradition of the game" Captain of Venezuelan World Baseball Classic team (2006) Member of the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame Inducted into the Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame (2014) Selected as one of the 4 greatest Indians in franchise history for the 2015 All Star Game's "Franchise 4"(2015) See also Cleveland Indians award winners and league leaders List of Gold Glove middle infield duos List of Major League Baseball career assists leaders List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders List of Major League Baseball career games played leaders List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders List of Major League Baseball career singles leaders List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela List of Major League Baseball players who played in four decades List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders Seattle Mariners award winners and league leaders Notes Sources "Vizquel an artist at work" by Jeff Passan, Yahoo! Sports, May 24, 2006. "Older players make final bids for Hall of Fame" by Mel Antonen, USA TODAY, July 27, 2006. "Last call for the Hall" by Gary Kaufman, Salon.com, July 26, 2000. "ALL SYSTEMS O!" by Bill Livingston, The Plain Dealer, September 26, 2004. Omar Vizquel and Bob Dyer (2002). Omar!: My Life on and Off the Field. Gray & Company Publishers. . Hits/runs/games-while-playing-shortstop calculated using statistics at BaseballReference.com. References External links Reaches 2500 hits Guitar Mania — Vizquel's painted guitar photos Article mentioning MLB record of the fewest errors by a shortstop in a season A sample chapter from the book Omar! by Omar Vizquel and Bob Dyer Category:1967 births Category:American League All-Stars Category:Bellingham Mariners players Category:Butte Copper Kings players Category:Calgary Cannons players Category:Charlotte Knights players Category:Chicago White Sox players Category:Cleveland Indians players Category:Detroit Tigers coaches Category:Fresno Grizzlies players Category:Gold Glove Award winners Category:Lake County Captains players Category:Leones del Caracas players Category:Living people Category:Major League Baseball first base coaches Category:Major League Baseball players from Venezuela Category:Major League Baseball shortstops Category:Sportspeople from Caracas Category:Salinas Spurs players Category:San Bernardino Spirit players Category:San Francisco Giants players Category:San Jose Giants players Category:Seattle Mariners players |
Category:Texas Rangers players Category:Toronto Blue Jays players Category:Venezuelan baseball coaches Category:Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Canada Category:Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States Category:Vermont Mariners players Category:Wausau Timbers players Category:World Baseball Classic managers Category:2006 World Baseball Classic players |
10-in-1 food parcel The 10-in-1 food parcel, commonly known as the 10-in-1 ration was a field ration prepared for soldiers of the United States Army, intended to provide one meal for 10 men. Development Although the possibility of packing the B ration in units of ten was suggested early in the Second World War, progress on such an arrangement did not begin until 1943 when the Mountain ration, Jungle ration, and 5-in-1 rations were discontinued. The success of the British "Composite 14-in-1 ration" during the North African campaign in 1942 and the movement to classify field rations into four categories added incentive for development of the 10-in-1 ration. A guide to its rapid development was furnished in the following 1943 definition: "A small-group field ration [shall be] composed of components of the standard field ration type B (modified to reduce bulk and weight) packed in basic packages of five complete rations each. . . . The inner and outer packages are to be proof against water, vapor, moisture, and chemical agents. They are to be of such shape and dimensions as to be suitable for either animal-pack or man-carry, and sufficiently sturdy as to material and construction to withstand normal handling and transportation in motor vehicles, on pack animals or by individual portage." Specification requirements were quickly published, and the ration was standardized as the replacement for other group rations such as the 5-in-1 ration. Although superseding the 5-in-1, the 10-in-1 was essentially two 5-in-1s packed in one unit. Within such a combination, a greater variety of contents was possible; the number of "menus" was increased to five, compared to the three-menu arrangement of the 5-in-1. In ensuing war years, several revisions were made to the original specification, but their intended purpose of providing one day's food for ten men, remained unaltered. Within the daily plan, complete group meals were specified for breakfast and supper while a partial dinner unit was provided for the luncheon meal. A typical menu included such canned items as butter-substitute spread, soluble coffee, pudding, meat units, jam, evaporated milk, and vegetables as well as biscuits, cereal, beverages, candy, salt, and sugar. Accessory items were can opener, toilet paper, soap, towels, and water-purification (Halazone) tablets. The partial dinner unit was enclosed in a cellophane bag-in-carton for easy distribution to the individual soldier for his noontime meal. Within the unit were biscuits, a confection, beverage powder, sugar, gum, and a can opener. These items were provided on the theory that an individual "snack" was sufficient for midday meals, when there would be neither time nor opportunity to prepare the ration for group feeding. Revision The similarity of the partial unit to the K ration was a chief reason for the proposed revision of the 10-in-1 in 1945. The revised 10-in-1 was intended for use during and after the 1945 planned attack on Japan during World War II. It was planned to eliminate the unit ration concept, and to assemble the entire ration on the basis of three group meals rather than two group meals and one individual luncheon package. Although it was recognized that the overall weight of the ration would be increased thereby, it was felt that the added weight would be offset by the increased acceptability and nutritional value which a greater variety of components would provide. The end of the war prevented realization of such a plan in the 10-in-1, leaving a surplus of food. Through the form of CARE Packages, the humanitarian group CARE provided a means to transfer the ration surplus to those starving in Europe. Over 300 million rations, costing about |
85 cents each, were procured under the 10-in-1 title from mid-1943 to the end of World War II. No other group ration was procured during that period. Hence, in actuality as well as nomenclature, "Ration, 10-in-1" was the final small-group ration of World War II. Notes Category:Military food of the United States |
Ividia havanensis Ividia havanensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. Description The shell attains a length of 2 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the following locations: Gulf of Mexico (Florida) Caribbean Sea (Colombia, Cuba, Virgin Islands) Atlantic Ocean (Northeast Brazil) References External links To Encyclopedia of Life To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection To ITIS Gastropods.com: Miralda havanensis; retrieved : 7 November 2011 Category:Pyramidellidae Category:Gastropods described in 1933 |
Lucas Dillon Sir Lucas Dillon (1 January 1530 – 1592; also called Luke Dillon) was a leading Irish barrister and judge of the Elizabethan era who held the offices of Attorney General for Ireland and Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer. He was held in high regard by Queen Elizabeth I, although his enemies accused him of corruption and maladministration. He was the father of James Dillon, 1st Earl of Roscommon. His tomb, which has the curious local nickname "the jealous man and woman", can still be seen at Newton Abbey near Trim. Background and early career He was born at Newtown, near Trim in County Meath, son of Sir Robert Dillon, Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas, and his wife Elizabeth Barnewall of Crickstown. Sir Robert Dillon, later Lord Chief Justice, was his second cousin. He entered Middle Temple in 1561, was called to the Bar, and then returned to Ireland to practice law. His rise in the legal profession was rapid: he became Principal Solicitor for Ireland in 1565 and Attorney General in the following year. He sat in the Irish House of Commons as MP for Meath in the Parliament of 1568-71. He bought an estate at Moymet, near Trim, County Meath, where he built Moymet Castle, which is now a ruin. Elevation to the Bench In 1570 he succeeded his father-in-law James Bathe as Chief Baron, rather against the wishes of the Irish ruling class, most of whom would have preferred the second Baron of the Exchequer, Robert Cusack. The final decision rested with Queen Elizabeth I, who wrote that while she heard very good reports of Cusack, Dillon had the stronger claim. Cusack's supporters praised him as "a true Protestant", whereas Dillon was known to incline privately to the Roman Catholic faith. However the English Crown, while it made intermittent efforts to appoint judges of strongly Protestant views, would as a rule accept outward adherence to the Church of Ireland as sufficient evidence of loyalty, and Dillon's private religious opinions, which were shared by several of his colleagues, were thus not a bar to advancement. Judicial career Until his last years, Dillon was held in high regard by the English Crown. Sir William Gerard, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, described him as an energetic reformer, who was diligent in attending the Privy Council and the Court of Castle Chamber (the Irish equivalent of Star Chamber). He was said to be one of the few judges of real eminence in Ireland, at a time when the quality of most Irish judges was compared unfavourably to that of a junior English barrister. He was particularly close to Sir Henry Sidney, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, who called him "my faithful Dillon", and knighted him. He was one of Sidney's few influential supporters during the so-called "cess controversy", the much resented attempt to impose a tax for the upkeep of military garrisons on the gentry of the Pale. He played a considerable part in putting down the Desmond Rebellions and the rebellion of William Nugent. Nicholas Nugent His reputation suffered greatly through his conduct as a judge of the trial of the rebel William Nugent's uncle Nicholas Nugent for treason in 1582. Nicholas had recently been appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and the trial of a senior judge on such a charge was without precedent. There was a long and bitter feud between the two families: Lucas' cousin Robert reportedly hoped to succeed Nugent as Chief Justice, and the fact that among the charges was an accusation that Nugent had plotted to kill both Dillons |
should have disqualified them from sitting as judges at his trial. The conviction and execution of Nugent caused grave public disquiet, (although he did at least have the benefit of trial by jury), and led to a claim that Irish born judges were incapable of administering impartial justice. Later years Dillon was by now acquiring enemies, but he also had friends, including the new Lord Deputy, Sir John Perrot. He was spoken of as a likely Lord Chancellor of Ireland, although his critics said that he was too corrupt to be suitable for the post. Elizabeth I herself thought highly of him and at one point was said to have offered him the office of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. If the offer was made, it seems that his enemies had enough influence to block it. As some consolation for his failure to attain higher office he was made Seneschal of West Kilkenny. As Perrot's Deputyship became increasingly embattled, Dillon, his ally, was also attacked: Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin accused him of recusancy, a very serious charge to make against a servant of the Crown, and informed the London government that he was "very corrupt". William Nugent, who had received a royal pardon for his rebellion against the Crown, made a concerted attack on Sir Robert Dillon, who was by now Lord Chief Justice, and for a time had him suspended from office. Lucas was also attacked, and the stress of defending himself against charges of corruption is said to have hastened his death, although he was in any case an old man by the standards of the time, and had been in ill- health for some years. "The tomb of the jealous man and woman" He died in Dublin, and was buried beside his first wife Jane at Newtown Abbey, near Trim. Their tomb, which still exists, has the interesting nickname "the tomb of the jealous man and woman", although the origin of the nickname is unclear. One suggestion is that it originates from the fact that the effigies of Lucas and Jane are separated by a sword of state, which may suggest an estrangement between the couple. Family Dillon married firstly Jane Bathe, daughter of his predecessor Chief Baron James Bathe and his second wife Elizabeth Burnell, by whom he had twelve children, seven sons and five daughters, including - James, who became 1st Earl of Roscommon in 1622 Henry, of Kentstown, County Meath Roger, of King's County Genet Eleanor Margaret Anne. Lucas married secondly in 1578 Marion Sherle, widow of Sir Christopher Barnewall of Turvey; Eleanor, one of her many daughters by her first marriage, married her stepfather's son James Dillon. Lucas' daughter Genet married Christopher Plunkett, 9th Baron Killeen and was the mother of Luke Plunkett, 1st Earl of Fingall Sir Nicholas Plunkett Patrick Plunkett, Bishop of Ardagh and later Bishop of Meath Genet, who married Richard Nugent, 1st Earl of Westmeath. Mary, who married firstly James O'Ferrall and secondly Sir Richard Browne, Lord Mayor of Dublin. His daughter Eleanor married Robert Rochfort of Kilbryde, County Meath, and had issue: they were ancestors of the prominent Rochfort family. Her sister Margaret married John Sarsfield and Anne married Richard Plunkett. His widow died in 1607 and was buried beside her first husband in Lusk church. Reputation Lucas Dillon's record as a judge and as a statesman has received somewhat mixed opinions from historians. Elrington Ball points to the charges of corruption made against him and his questionable conduct of the Nugent trial. Crawford on the other hand praises his talent and energy, points to the high |
regard most Crown officials had for him, and argues that the charges of corruption made against him were partisan in nature. It is significant that Queen Elizabeth, who was noted for her skill in choosing good public servants, thought highly of him. Notes References Ball, F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921 John Murray London 1926 Vol.1 Crawford, Jon G. A Star Chamber Court in Ireland- the Court of Castle Chamber 1571–1621 Four Courts Press Dublin 2005 Category:Principal Solicitors for Ireland Category:1592 deaths Category:16th-century Irish politicians Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:People from County Meath Category:Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Meath constituencies Category:Attorneys-General for Ireland Category:People of Elizabethan Ireland Category:Irish MPs 1569–1571 Category:Chief Barons of the Irish Exchequer Category:1530 births |
Elachista obtusella Elachista obtusella is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Sruoga in 2008. It is found in Nepal. The habitat consists of pine forests. The wingspan is about 7.2 mm. The forewings are pale greyish brown, mottled by brownish grey tipped scales. There are dark brown scales beyond the middle of the wing, forming two irregular spots near the costal and tornal margins. The same scales are found in the apical area, where they form an elongate spot. The hindwings are dark brown. Adults have been recorded on wing in early March. Etymology The species name refers to the peculiarly blunt apex of the saccus and is derived from Latin obtusus (meaning blunt, dull). References Category:Moths described in 2008 obtusella Category:Moths of Asia |
Picayune School District The Picayune School District is a public school district based in Picayune, Mississippi (USA). The district is located in southwestern Pearl River County and extends into a small portion of Hancock County. The superintendent is Dean Shaw. The assistant superintendent is Brent Harrell. Schools High School Picayune Memorial High School (9-12) Junior High School Picayune Junior High School (7-8) Elementary Schools Nicholson Elementary School (K-6) Roseland Park Elementary School (K-6) South Side Upper Elementary School (K-3) South Side Lower Elementary School (4-6) West Side Elementary School (K-6) Other Schools Early Head Start Center for Alternative Education Demographics 2006-07 school year There were a total of 3,808 students enrolled in the Picayune School District during the 2006-2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 49% female and 51% male. The racial makeup of the district was 30.17% African American, 66.44% White, 2.63% Hispanic, 0.42% Asian, and 0.34% Native American. 54.3% of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch. Previous school years Accountability statistics See also List of school districts in Mississippi References External links Picayune School District Category:Education in Pearl River County, Mississippi Category:Education in Hancock County, Mississippi Category:School districts in Mississippi |
Lysias Lysias (; ; c. 445 BC – c. 380 BC) was a logographer (speech writer) in Ancient Greece. He was one of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third century BC. Life According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus and the author of the life ascribed to Plutarch, Lysias was born in 459 BC, which would accord with a tradition that Lysias reached, or passed, the age of eighty. This date was evidently obtained by reckoning back from the foundation of Thurii (444 BC), since there was a tradition that Lysias had gone there at the age of fifteen. Modern critics, in general, place his birth later, c. 445 BC, and place the trip to Thurii around 430 BC. Cephalus, his father, was a native of Syracuse, and on the invitation of Pericles had settled at Athens. The opening scene of Plato's Republic is set at the house of his eldest son, Polemarchus, in Piraeus. The tone of the picture warrants the inference that the Sicilian family were well known to Plato, and that their houses must often have been hospitable to such gatherings. Further, Plato's Phaedrus opens with Phaedrus coming from conversation with Lysias at the house of Epicrates of Athens: he meets Socrates, with whom he will read and discuss the speech of Lysias he heard. At Thurii, the colony newly planted on the Tarentine Gulf, the boy may have seen Herodotus, now a man in middle life, and a friendship may have grown up between them. There, too, Lysias is said to have commenced his studies in rhetoric—doubtless under a master of the Sicilian school possibly, as tradition said, under Tisias, the pupil of Corax, whose name is associated with the first attempt to formulate rhetoric as an art. The Athenian invasion of Sicily in 415-3 BC during the Peloponnesian War would ultimately create difficulties for Lysias's family, especially when the campaign ended in a devastating defeat for Athens. The continued attempt to link Lysias to the famous names of the era is illustrated by the ancient ascription to Lysias of a rhetorical exercise purporting to be a speech in which the captive Athenian general Nicias appealed for mercy to the Sicilians. The terrible blow to Athens quickened the energies of an anti-Athenian faction at Thurii. Lysias and his elder brother Polemarchus, with three hundred other persons, were accused of Atticizing. They were driven from Thurii and settled at Athens (412 BC). Lysias and Polemarchus were rich men, having inherited property from their father, Cephalus; and Lysias claims that, though merely resident aliens, they discharged public services with a liberality which shamed many of those who enjoyed the franchise (Against Eratosthenes xii.20). The fact that they owned house property shows that they were classed as isoteleis (), i.e. foreigners who paid only the same tax as citizens, being exempt from the special tax (μετοίκιον) on resident aliens. Polemarchus occupied a house in Athens itself, Lysias another in the Piraeus, near which was their shield factory, employing a hundred and twenty skilled slaves. In 404 the Thirty Tyrants were established at Athens under the protection of a Spartan garrison. One of their earliest measures was an attack upon the resident aliens, who were represented as disaffected to the new government. Lysias and Polemarchus were on a list of ten singled out to be the first victims. Polemarchus was arrested, and compelled to drink hemlock. Lysias had a narrow escape, with the help of a large bribe. He slipped by a back-door out of the house |
in which he was a prisoner, and took a boat to Megara. It appears that he had rendered valuable services to the exiles during the reign of the tyrants, and in 403 Thrasybulus proposed that these services should be recognised by the bestowal of the citizenship. The Boule, however, had not yet been reconstituted, and hence the measure could not be introduced to the ecclesia by the requisite preliminary resolution (προβούλευμα). On this ground it was successfully opposed. During his later years Lysias—now probably a comparatively poor man owing to the rapacity of the tyrants and his own generosity to the Athenian exiles—appears as a hard-working member of a new profession—that of logographer, writer of speeches to be delivered in the law-courts. The thirty-four extant are but a small fraction. From 403 to about 380 BC his industry must have been incessant. The notices of his personal life in these years are scanty. In 403 he came forward as the accuser of Eratosthenes, one of the Thirty Tyrants. This was his only direct contact with Athenian politics. The story that he wrote a defence for Socrates, which the latter declined to use, probably arose from a confusion. Several years after the death of Socrates the sophist Polycrates composed a declamation against him, to which Lysias replied. A more authentic tradition represents Lysias as having spoken his own Olympiacus at the Olympic festival of 388 BC, to which Dionysius I of Syracuse had sent a magnificent embassy. Tents embroidered with gold were pitched within the sacred enclosure; and the wealth of Dionysius was vividly shown by the number of chariots which he had entered. Lysias lifted up his voice to denounce Dionysius as, next to Artaxerxes, the worst enemy of Hellas, and to impress upon the assembled Greeks that one of their foremost duties was to deliver Sicily from a hateful oppression. The latest work of Lysias which we can date (a fragment of a speech For Pherenicus) belongs to 381 or 380 BC. He probably died in or soon after 380 BC. Style Lysias displays literary tact, humour, and attention to character in his extant speeches, and is famous for using his skill to conceal his art. It was obviously desirable that a speech written for delivery by a client should be suitable to his age, station and circumstances. Lysias was the first to make this adaptation really artistic. His language is crafted to flow easily, in contrast to his predecessor Antiphon's pursuit of majestic emphasis, to his pupil (and close follower in many respects) Isaeus' more conspicuous display of artistry and more strictly logical manner of argumentation, and later to the forceful oratory of Demosthenes. Translated into terms of ancient criticism, he became the model of the plain style (: genus tenue or subtile). Greek and then Roman critics distinguished three styles of rhetorical composition—the grand (or elaborate), the plain and the middle, the plain being nearest to the language of daily life. Greek rhetoric began in the grand style; then Lysias set an exquisite pattern of the plain; and Demosthenes might be considered as having effected an almost ideal compromise. The vocabulary of Lysias is relatively simple and would later be regarded as a model of pure diction for Atticists. Most of the rhetorical figures are sparingly used—except such as consist in the parallelism or opposition of clauses. The taste of the day not yet emancipated from the influence of the Sicilian rhetoric probably demanded a large use of antithesis. Lysias excels in vivid description; he has also the knack of marking the speaker's character by light touches. |
The structure of his sentences varies a good deal according to the dignity of the subject. He has equal command over the periodic style (κατεστραμμένη λέξις) and the non-periodic or continuous (εἰρομένη, διαλελυμένη). His disposition of his subject-matter is always simple. The speech has usually four parts: introduction (προοίμιον), narrative of facts (διήγησις), proofs (πίστεις), which may be either external, as from witnesses, or internal, derived from argument on the facts, and, lastly, conclusion (ἐπίλογος). It is in the introduction and the narrative that Lysias is seen at his best. In his greatest extant speech—that Against Eratosthenes—and also in the fragmentary Olympiacus, he has pathos and fire; but these were not characteristic qualities of his work. In Cicero's judgment (De Orat. iii. 7, 28) Demosthenes was peculiarly distinguished by force (vis), Aeschines by resonance (sonitus); Hypereides by acuteness (acumen); Isocrates by sweetness (suavitas); the distinction which he assigns to Lysias is subtilitas, an Attic refinement—which, as he elsewhere says (Brutus, 16, 64) is often joined to an admirable vigour (lacerti). Nor was it oratory alone to which Lysias rendered service; his work had an important effect on all subsequent Greek prose, by showing how perfect elegance could be joined to plainness. Here, in his artistic use of familiar idiom, he might fairly be called the Euripides of Attic prose. His style has attracted interest from modern readers, because it is employed in describing scenes from the everyday life of Athens. Works Table of extant speeches From Lysias we have thirty-four speeches. Three fragmentary ones have come down under the name of Lysias; one hundred and twenty-seven more, now lost, are known from smaller fragments or from titles. In the Augustan age four hundred and twenty-five works bore his name, of which more than two hundred were allowed as genuine by the critics. The table below shows the name of the speech (in the ordered listed in the Lamb translation), the suggested date of the speech, the primary rhetorical mode, the main point of the speech, and comments. Forensic is synonymous with judicial and denotes speeches made in law courts. Epideictic is ceremonial and involves the praise or, less often, the criticism, of the subject. Deliberative denotes speeches made in legislatures. Notes (e.g., A1, B3, etc.) refer to the list of qualifications below the table. NOTES "A": FORENSIC, RELATING TO PUBLIC CASES Relating to Offences directly against the State (); such as treason, malversation in office, embezzlement of public moneys. Cases relating to Unconstitutional Procedure () Cases relating to *Claims for Money withheld from the State (). Cases relating to a Scrutiny (δοκιμασία); especially the Scrutiny, by the Senate, of Officials Designate Cases relating to Military Offences () Cases relating to Murder or Intent to Murder () Cases relating to Impiety () NOTES "B": FORENSIC, RELATING TO PRIVATE CASES Action for Libel (δίκη κακηγορίας) Action by a Ward against a Guardian () Trial of a Claim to Property (διαδικασία) Answer to a Special Plea () Miscellaneous To his Companions, a Complaint of Slanders, viii. (certainly spurious). The speech attributed to Lysias in Plato's Phaedrus 230e–234. This speech has generally been regarded as Plato's own work; but the certainty of this conclusion will be doubted by those who observe: the elaborate preparations made in the dialogue for a recital of the erōtikos which shall be verbally exact, the closeness of the criticism made upon it. If the satirist were merely analysing his own composition, such criticism would have little point. Lysias is the earliest writer who is known to have composed erōtikoi; it is as representing both rhetoric and a false erōs |
that he is the object of attack in the Phaedrus. Stylistic differences between the speech and the rest of the Phaedrus have also been taken to suggest that the speech was genuine. Fragments Three hundred and fifty-five of these are collected by Hermann Sauppe, Oratores Attici, ii. 170–216. Two hundred and fifty-two of them represent one hundred and twenty-seven speeches of known title; and of six the fragments are comparatively large. Of these, the fragmentary speech For Pherenicus belongs to 381 or 380 BC, and is thus the latest known work of Lysias. In literary and historical interest, the first place among the extant speeches of Lysias belongs to that Against Eratosthenes (403 BC), one of the Thirty Tyrants, whom Lysias arraigns as the murderer of his brother Polemarchus. The speech is an eloquent and vivid picture of the reign of terror which the Thirty established at Athens; the concluding appeal, to both parties among the citizens, is specially powerful. Next in importance is the speech Against Agoratus (388 BC), one of our chief authorities for the internal history of Athens during the months which immediately followed; the defeat at Aegospotami. The Olympiacus (388 BC) is a brilliant fragment, expressing the spirit of the festival at Olympia, and exhorting Greeks to unite against their common foes. The Plea for the Constitution (403 BC) is interesting for the manner in which it argues that the well-being of Athens—now stripped of empire—is bound up with the maintenance of democratic principles. The speech For Mantitheus (392 BC) is a graceful and animated portrait, of a young Athenian hippeus, making a spirited defence of his honor against the charge of disloyalty. The defence For the Invalid is a humorous character-sketch. The speech Against Pancleon illustrates the intimate relations between Athens and Plataea, while it gives us some picturesque glimpses of Athenian town life. The defence of the person who had, been charged with destroying a mona, or sacred olive, places us amidst the country life of Attica. And the speech Against Theomnestus deserves attention for its curious evidence of the way in which the ordinary vocabulary of Athens had changed between 600 and 400 BC. Notes References Editions by Aldus (Editio princeps, Venice, 1513) with variorum notes, by J. J. Reiske (1772) Immanuel Bekker (1823) W. S. Dobson (1828) in Oratores Attici Johann Georg Baiter and Hermann Sauppe, Oratores Attici, vol. 1, Zurich, 1839, pp. 59 ff. C. Scheibe (1852) T. Thalheim (1901, Teubner series, with bibliography) – PDF C. G. Cobet (4th ed., by J. J. Hartman, 1905) , Oxford Classical Texts, 1912 W. R. M. Lamb, Loeb Classical Library, 1930 Umberto Albini, Greek text and Italian translation, Florence: Sansoni, 1955 Louis Gernet and , Collection Budé, 2 vols., 1959–1962 Enrico Medda, Greek text and Italian translation, 2 vols., Milan: BUR, 1992–1995 Christopher Carey, Oxford Classical Texts, 2007 Editions of select speeches by J. H. Bremi (1845) R. Rauchenstein (1848, revised by C. Fuhr, 1880–1881) H. Frohberger (1866–1871) H. van Herwerden (1863) Andreas Weidner (1888) Evelyn Shirley Shuckburgh (1882) – PDF F. J. Snell, Epitaphios, Clarendon Press, (1887) A. Westermann and W. Binder (1887–1890) G. P. Bristol (1892) M. H. Morgan (1895) – PDF W. H. Wait (1898) – PDF C. D. Adams (1905) – PDF There is a special lexicon to Lysias by D. H. Holmes (Bonn, 1895, online). See also Jebb's Attic Orators (1893, vol. 1, vol. 2) and Selections from the Attic Orators (2nd ed.; 1st ed. online). The first volume of a full commentary on the speeches is S. C. Todd, A Commentary on Lysias, Speeches 1–11. Oxford: Oxford |
University Press, 2007. Pp. ix, 783. . Further reading Bateman, John J. 1958. "Lysias and the Law." Transactions of the American Philological Association 89:276–285. Dover, Kenneth J., ed. 1968. Lysias and the Corpus Lysiacum. Berkeley and Los Angeles: California Univ. Press. Figueira, T. 1986. "Sitopolai and Sitophylakes in Lysias’ “Against the Graindealers”: Governmental Intervention in the Athenian Economy." Phoenix 40:149–171. Gagarin, Michael. 2001. "Women’s Voices in Attic Oratory." In Making Silence Speak. Women’s Voices in Greek Literature and Society. Edited by L. McClure and A. Lardinois, 161–176. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. Griffith-Williams, Brenda. 2013. Violence in Court: Law and Rhetoric in Athenian and English Assault Cases. Greece and Rome 60.1: 89-100. Lateiner, Donald. 1981. "An Analysis of Lysias’ Political Defense Speeches." Rivista storica dell’Antichità 11:147–160. Loening, Thomas C. 1981. "The Autobiographical Speeches of Lysias and the Biographical Tradition." Hermes 109:280–294. Rydberg-Cox, Jeff. 2005. "Talking about Violence: Clustered Participles in the Speeches of Lysias." Literary and Linguistic Computing 20.2: 219–235. Shear, Julia L. 2013. "Their Memories Will Never Grow Old: The Politics of Remembrance in the Athenian Funeral Orations." Classical Quarterly 63.2: 511-536. Wolpert, Andrew. 2002. "Lysias 18 and Athenian Memory of Civil War." Transactions of the American Philological Association 132.1-2: 109-126. External links The Speeches of Lysias - links to online translations Category:Attic orators Category:Sicilian Greeks Category:Metics in Classical Athens Category:5th-century BC Greek people Category:4th-century BC Greek people Category:440s BC births Category:380s BC deaths |
Picher, Germany Picher is a municipality in the district of Ludwigslust-Parchim in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Picher's population is 748 (as of June 2006). Geography Picher is located in northern end of the Griesen area, a forested zone that is in between the rivers Sude, Elde and Elbe. The closest full size city is Ludwiglust, about 12 km away. Picher is close to the A 24 freeway connecting Berlin and Hamburg. A smaller nearby town called Bresegard has part of its full name (Bresegard bei Picher) from Picher. This town has traditionally been associated with Picher, first being part of Picher's eclessiastical territory, and also as a way of differentiating itself from the other Bresegard (Bresegard bei Eldena). History This area of Germany (Mecklenburg) was once occupied by Slavic peoples. Starting in the 11th century the local western Slavic populace began intermixing with incoming German settlers. Several centuries later the area was considered completely "Germanized". Picher was mentioned in 1291 for the first time as "Pychere" and initially belonged to the County of Dannenberg, but by the 14th century it had become part of the County of Schwerin. A church in 13th century Picher is mentioned 1319 for the first time. This church was destroyed, replaced and expanded repeatedly. By 1875 the church in Picher was considered quite old; it was decided to replace the structure with a brand new edifice in the neogothic style. Picher was part of the area initially captured or occupied by American troops at the end of World War Two. In other words, Picher was on the American side of the line of contact between American Soviet forces. Due to previous agreements by the Allied powers, this part of Germany was transferred to Soviet control some several weeks after American occupation. As a remote village Picher did not suffer war time destruction. Since Medieval times Picher had a rural church center, first Catholic and later Lutheran. Still standing and operating in Picher is a large Brick Gothic revival Lutheran church, which was built in the 1870s. During Picher's time as a town in East Germany the cemetery surrounding the Picher church had most of its headstones removed and/or destroyed under authority from local government officials. Since German Reunification some families have restored markers, some using a single family name headstone as a catch-all replacement. References External links History of the church and description of the organ Category:Ludwigslust-Parchim Category:Bezirk Schwerin |
-ose The suffix -ose ( or ) is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugars. This Latin suffix means "full of", "abounding in", "given to", or "like". Numerous systems exist to name specific sugars more descriptively. Monosaccharides, the simplest sugars, may be named according to the number of carbon atoms in each molecule of the sugar: pentose is a five-carbon monosaccharide, and hexose is a six-carbon monosaccharide. Aldehyde monosaccharides may be called aldoses; ketone monosaccharides may be called ketoses. Larger sugars such as disaccharides and polysaccharides can be named to reflect their qualities. Lactose, a disaccharide found in milk, gets its name from the Latin word for milk combined with the sugar suffix; its name means "milk sugar". The polysaccharide that makes up plant starch is named amylose, or "starch sugar"; see amyl. There are these theories about the origin of the -ose suffix:- Derived from glucose, an important hexose whose name came from Greek γλυκύς = "sweet". Derived from sucrose, whose name came from Latin sucrum = "sugar" plus the common Latin adjective-forming suffix -ōsus; Latin sucrosus would mean "sugary". References ose |
Humane Research Trust The Humane Research Trust (HRT) is a British medical research charity with the aim of spreading the practice of humane research. They work with scientists as well as students to further the commitment of non-animal based research. The HRT began life in 1961, after two years of discussions between the National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS), the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Vivisection (SSPV), and the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), as "The Lawson Tait Memorial Trust". These discussions were chaired by Wilfred Risdon, Secretary of the NAVS, who also became Secretary of the new Trust, set up to honour the memory of the Scottish surgeon and anti-vivisectionist, Robert Lawson Tait (1845-1899). The Trust started with capital of £5,000, donated by the three participating Societies, with the intention of awarding “substantial” annual prizes to teams of researchers who published results that would do away with the ‘necessity’ “so often quoted by the apologists in the past as a ‘regrettable necessity’” for the use of living animals in their own line of research. After Risdon's death in 1967, the Trust became the Lawson Tait Medical and Scientific Research Trust. A few years later, “Diehard anti-vivisectionists [who] were unable to bring themselves to agree to a Trust that would do business with any scientist involved in any way with animal research … [w]ith the help of the Commissioner of Charity, the Trustees of the Lawson Tait formed the Humane Research Trust in 1974 to give the wider scope that was needed while retaining the original aims. This was very much welcomed by many far-sighted supporters of the Lawson Tait and has encouraged many lay people, not necessarily involved in the anti-vivisection scene, to applaud and support the HRT.” See also Animal testing References External links Official site Category:Health charities in the United Kingdom |
Gornyak Gornyak may refer to: Places Gornyak Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the town of district significance of Gornyak in Loktevsky District of Altai Krai, Russia is incorporated as Gornyak (inhabited locality), several inhabited localities in Russia Sports FC Gornyak, a soccer team from Aktobe Province, Kazakhstan FC Gornyak Gramoteino, a soccer team from Kemerovo Oblast, Russia FC Gornyak Kachkanar, a soccer team from Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia FC Gornyak Kushva (1992–1997), a defunct soccer team from Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia FC Gornyak Uchaly, a soccer team from the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia Gornyak Rudny, an ice hockey team from Kazakhstan See also Gornik (disambiguation) Hirnyk (disambiguation) |
Sriranjani (actress) Mangalagiri Sriranjani, better known as Sriranjani senior (Telugu: శ్రీరంజని) (1906-1939), was a Telugu theatre and film actress and singer. She is the elder sister of actress Sriranjani (junior) and mother of director M. Mallikharjuna Rao. She was born in Murikipudi in Narasaraopet Taluk Andhra Pradesh in 1939. She was a major singing star in the 1930s. She became famous for her record albums and audio releases of plays by the Gramophone Company of India. She was a stage actress in Krishna Vilasa Nataka Samajam that produced mythological plays. She is known for her portrayal of male roles, e.g. Krishna, Abhimanyu, Satyavan. She made her début in Telugu cinema in 1934 with Lava Kusha (1934) directed by C. Pullayya. She then appeared in Shri Krishna Leelalu (1935) and Mayabazaar (1936). Filmography Vande Mataram (1939) Vara Vikrayam (1939) Sarangadhara (1937) (actor and singer) Sasirekha Parinayam (1936) Sati Tulasi (1936) Sri Krishna Leelalu (1935) Silver King (1935) Lava Kusa (1934) References Nata Ratnalu, Mikkilineni Radhakrishna Murthy, Second edition, 2002. Luminaries of 20th Century, Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, 2005. External links Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema Category:Telugu actresses Category:Indian stage actresses Category:1906 births Category:1939 deaths Category:Indian film actresses Category:20th-century Indian actresses Category:Indian female film singers Category:Singers from Andhra Pradesh Category:20th-century Indian singers Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh Category:Actresses in Telugu theatre Category:20th-century Indian women singers Category:Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh Category:Women musicians from Andhra Pradesh |
Elips The group “Elips” was formed in 1986. The first concert was held in March, 1986. The first members were: Soon Vardan Mamikonyan left the group and Aram Petrosyan (Batya) became the drummer of the group. In a short period of time the group gained popularity in Armenia and gave numerous concerts. Already in summer 1986 “Elips” went on tours to Latvia, where they played together with a Riga group “Pilligrim”. Simultaneously with the fame, the group gained the hatred of the Soviet party nomenclature and already in the end of the year 1986, it was prohibited and was announced as an anti-Soviet group. In spite of this fact the group went on giving underground concerts becoming more and more popular. Attitude of the soviet authorities led to the use of impudent (for that period of time) songs “Gorbachyov.....”, “politbureau....”, in lyrics of which the soviet authorities were criticized openly. In 1987 simultaneously with changes many rock-festivals, rock-concerts were organized, the first rock-records appeared. “Elips” participated practically in all the festivals in Armenia, gave concerts in different Armenian regions. The stadiums were full of fans. The creative activity of the group lasted till 1992, when its members went to war as volunteers to defend and liberate their homeland. During 1992-1994 “Elips” sometimes in the periods of war actions managed to give concerts and take part in few for that time festivals. After the war the group went on with concerts, creative activities up to 1999, afterwards it was interrupted up to the year 2009. For that 20 and more years the group members were: The repertoire of the group consists of more than 60 songs written and performed in the period of the years 1986-1999. The group plays in the style of hard rock. The group took part in the following festivals: The group gave concerts practically in all the regions of Armenia, went on tours to the republics of Baltic, Chechen – Ingushetia. At present the group works on the album “Elips 20 years later”. Soon the presentation of DVD version of this album will be held. External links Elips on MySpace YouTube Category:Armenian rock music groups Category:Armenian rock musicians Category:Soviet rock music groups |
Slobodan Janković (footballer, born 1981) Slobodan Janković (; born 29 August 1981) is a Serbian football goalkeeper who plays for Napredak Kruševac. Honours Mladost Lučani Serbian First League: 2013–14 Napredak Kruševac Serbian First League: 2015–16 References External links Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Valjevo Category:Association football goalkeepers Category:Serbian footballers Category:FK Budućnost Valjevo players Category:FK Bežanija players Category:FK BSK Borča players Category:FK Napredak Kruševac players Category:FK Mladost Lučani players Category:Serbian First League players Category:Serbian SuperLiga players |
Tom Jok Tuth "Tom" Jok (born 1 January 1997) is a Sudanese born Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Jok attended Elsternwick Primary School after moving to Australia from Sudan as a young boy before moving to St Kevin’s College. There, he was a star in the 1st XVIII Australian rules football team for a number of years in multiple roles. He continued to play football for St Kevin's Old Boys, winning the VAFA flag whilst also playing for the Collingwood VFL side. Jok trained alongside St Kilda during the off season, winning their 2 km time trial and gaining praise from player Dan Hannebury. Following this, he was selected at pick #8 in the 2019 Rookie draft. He made his senior debut against Collingwood in Round 23 of the 2019 season. Jok was delisted by the Essendon Football Club after only one year, managing to play just the one AFL match. Jok is now coaching the gypsies at SKOB in what General described as a "fantastic appointment" References External links Category:Essendon Football Club players Category:South Sudanese emigrants to Australia Category:1997 births Category:Living people Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia) |
Ricardo Hernán Pagés Ricardo Hernán Pagés (born May 2, 1973 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for Comunicaciones of the Primera B Metropolitana in Argentina. Teams Chacarita Juniors 1991-1995 Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy 1995-1996 Chacarita Juniors 1996-1999 Quilmes 2000-2001 Lanús 2001-2002 LDU Quito 2002 Shandong Luneng 2003 Deportivo Español 2003 Instituto de Córdoba 2004-2005 Banfield 2005-2007 Belgrano de Córdoba 2007 Deportes Melipilla 2008 Temperley 2009-2010 Comunicaciones 2010–2011 References Profile at BDFA Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Argentine footballers Category:Argentine expatriate footballers Category:Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy footballers Category:Chacarita Juniors footballers Category:Club Atlético Belgrano footballers Category:Instituto footballers Category:Quilmes footballers Category:Banfield footballers Category:Club Atlético Lanús footballers Category:L.D.U. Quito footballers Category:Deportes Melipilla footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in Chile Category:Expatriate footballers in China Category:Expatriate footballers in Ecuador Category:Association football defenders |
Edgar Alfred Holloway Edgar Alfred Holloway (1870 – 1941) was an illustrator of children's books. Biography Holloway was born in Doncaster, Yorkshire. He became a war artist during the Boer War. He excelled in military uniform portraits and he worked extensively for Gale and Polden producing military uniform pictures for their postcard series. His illustrations have subsequently been reprinted in books on British army uniforms. Holloway contributed illustrations to the Boy's Own Paper and Young England magazine and illustrated numerous children's books - mostly adventure books for boys. In 1911 he was living at 35 Milton Road, Hanwell, Middlesex, with his wife Mildred Kate Holloway, son Francis Gilbert Holloway (18) and daughter Leila Mildred Holloway (14). His occupation was stated as painter artist. Holloway emigrated to Australia in 1930 and illustrated a number of books for the Cornstalk Publishing Company in Sydney. He died in the Sydney suburb of Burwood, in 1941. Between 1930 - 1941 Edgar married Eva Margaret and went on to do paintings for the Consolation magazine. Picture Books by Holloway ABC of Jolly Jack, London, Gale & Polden, ca. 1920. Soldiers of Many Lands, London, Gale & Polden, 1917. A wounded soldier is found by a rescue dog who alerts the nurse and ambulancemen of their whereabouts. Coloured chromolithograph, 1904 Other Works illustrated by Holloway Owen Vaughan (Owen Rhoscom), Lone Tree Lode, London: Duckworth & Co.,1913. W.E. Cule, Rodborough School, Pilgrim Press, 1915. D.E. Alarcon, D. Pedro, The Three-Cornered Hat. Cornstalk Publishing Company, Sydney, 1925. Mary Grant Bruce, Hugh Stanford's Luck. Cornstalk Publishing Company, Sydney, 1925. E. V. Tims (David Roseler). Lawrence, Prince of Mecca. Cornstalk Publishing Company, Sydney, 1927. E. V. Tims (David Roseler). The Valley of Adventure. Cornstalk Publishing Company, Sydney, 1929. References External links The Canadian Anglo-Boer War Museum Anne S. K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library collection of 43 water-colors by Holloway painted for Gale and Polden depicting British regimental uniforms, 1909-1916. Category:1870 births Category:1941 deaths Category:19th-century war artists Category:Artists from Bradford Category:British children's book illustrators Category:British illustrators Category:British war artists Category:English emigrants to Australia |
Gamō Ujisato was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku and Azuchi–Momoyama periods. The heir and son of Gamō Katahide, lord of Hino Castle in Ōmi Province, he later held Matsusaka (Ise Province) and finally Aizuwakamatsu Castle in Mutsu Province. He also controlled Obama Castle through one of his retainers, Gamō Chūzaemon. Early life Ujisato, known in his childhood as , was born in Hino, in the Gamō district of Ōmi Province in 1556. In 1568, Oda Nobunaga, who was en route to Kyoto, defeated the Rokkaku clan, who were the masters of Tsuruchiyo's father, . Upon the Rokkaku clan's defeat, Katahide as a former influential vassal, pledged loyalty to Nobunaga, and became an Oda retainer. However, the price of Katahide's pledge was giving up his son as a hostage, and so Tsuruchiyo was taken to Gifu, then the Oda clan's headquarters. Tsuruchiyo's sagacity impressed Nobunaga, and soon, the young man had his manhood rite in Gifu, taking the name . In the summer of 1569, Utahide took part in his first campaign, during Nobunaga's subjugation of Kitabatake Tomomasa of Kizukuri Castle. For his distinction in battle, Nobunaga gave his daughter Fuyuhime in marriage to Utahide, affectionately referring to Utahide as "my little son-in-law." At the same time, he was allowed to return to his father's castle at Hino. Though Fuyuhime was still young at this point, she is said to have later matured into a stunningly beautiful woman. . Family Father: Gamō Katahide Mother: Okiri no Kata Wife: Fuyuhime (1561–1641) Children: Takehime married Nanbu Toshinao by Fuyuhime Sekihime married Maeda Toshimasa by Fuyuhime Gamō Ujitoshi by Fuyuhime Gamō Hideyuki by Fuyuhime Major campaigns under Nobunaga In 1570, Utahide fought at the Battle of Anegawa, and later that same year, joined his father in the Oda assault on the Asakura clan of Echizen Province. The two led a force of 1,000 men as the vanguard of Shibata Katsuie's army. The total number of men under Katsuie's overall command at that battle totaled 5,000. Of those 5,000, the number under Katsuie's command totaled 600, so this may give some impression of the importance of the Gamō family. Following the betrayal of Azai Nagamasa, Utahide assisted in Nobunaga's withdrawal by taking him into his own Hino Castle, and facilitating his escape to Gifu from there. In recognition of this feat, Nobunaga gave Utahide and his father a stipend increase, and posted them to southern Omi, under the command of Shibata Katsuie. The Gamō would see action against the Asakura once more, in 1573. In 1575, upon Katsuie's posting to Kitanoshō Castle, the Gamō, ruling from their castle at Hino, came under Nobunaga's direct command, serving as hatamoto. In 1581, he participated in the Siege of Hijiyama. Nobunaga's assassination and Hideyoshi's rise When Nobunaga was assassinated in 1582, Utahide was with his father, who had been posted as warden of Azuchi Castle. Together, the two sheltered Nobunaga's wife and children in Hino Castle, saving their lives. In the same year, Utahide submitted to Hashiba Hideyoshi. The following year, he joined Hideyoshi's attack on Takigawa Kazumasu, as well as the Battle of Shizugatake, and received the title of . In this year, his son Tsuruchiyo (Gamō Hideyuki) was born. Following his siege of Oda Nobukatsu during the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1585, he received Matsusaka, in the southern section of Ise Province, as his fief (rated at 120,000 koku). (The main castle of this fief was .). After taking part in the subjugation of Kii Province and Kyushu in 1585, Utahide took the name of "Ujisato." Soon after, due to the influence of |
Takayama Ukon, he received a Christian baptism in Osaka, and took the baptismal name of Leo. Career under Hideyoshi, and later life In 1588, construction was completed on , where he immediately moved. Ujisato took part in all of Hideyoshi's subsequent campaigns: the Siege of Odawara (1590), the pacification of Ōshū (Mutsu and Dewa Provinces) (1590), and the Japanese invasions of Korea. For his role in the pacification of Ōshū, he received a 420,000 koku fief with its headquarters at Kurokawa Castle in Aizu. He renamed the castle Wakamatsu, the name which even the town retains to this day. In preparation for the Japanese invasions of Korea, Ujisato proceeded in 1592 to Hideyoshi's base in Nagoya in Hizen Province. He fell ill there, coughing up blood in early 1593. From Nagoya, he headed first to Aizu, and then to Fushimi, where the Gamō family's mansion was almost complete. Hideyoshi himself would visit the mansion twice after its completion Ujisato died at age 40, at Fushimi Castle. Though his family would lose Aizu soon after with Hideyuki's transfer to Utsunomiya, the Gamō would later be returned to Aizu by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Notes References and further reading Arai Masayoshi , Nihonshi jiten . Tokyo: Ōbunsha , 1987, p. 91. Noguchi Shin'ichi , Aizu-han . Tokyo: Gendai Shokan , 2005. External links Further reading Category:1556 births Category:1595 deaths Category:Daimyo Category:Japanese Roman Catholics Category:Gamō clan Category:Oda retainers Category:Deified Japanese people |
Susan Mosier Susan Kay Mosier, M.D. (born July 10, 1959) is the current Secretary of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, since December 2014. On November 13, 2014, Kansas Governor Sam Brownback named Dr. Mosier as the Interim Secretary, replacing Dr. Robert Moser, who stepped down at the end of November. Mosier was a Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 67th district. Her term began in 2011 and she resigned her seat, effective February 1, 2012, to accept the position director of Medicaid in the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Mosier is an ophthalmologist and former owner of Mosier Eye Care in Manhattan, Kansas; she closed her practice when appointed Medicaid director for Kansas. She is board certified and has specialties in two areas: eye surgery and refractive surgical procedures. Record Mosier sponsored four bills and eleven resolutions in the 2011 session. She sponsored two resolutions in the 2012 session before resigning. Same-Sex Marriage Once Mosier assumed the office of Secretary of KDHE, her name was substituted for Dr. Moser's in the Marie v. Moser case. Committee membership Mosier served on four legislative committees in 2011: Insurance Joint Committee on Heath Policy Oversight Health and Human Services Financial Institutions In 2011, she was assigned to the Special Committee on Financial Institutions and Insurance. Campaign donors Mosier's 2010 campaign was 73% donor-funded and 27% self-funded. References External links Kansas Legislature - Susan Mosier Project Vote Smart profile Campaign contributions: Kansas Department of Health and Environment Category:Members of the Kansas House of Representatives Category:Living people Category:Kansas Republicans Category:Women state legislators in Kansas Category:Politicians from Manhattan, Kansas Category:Kansas State University alumni Category:McCombs School of Business alumni Category:University of Kansas alumni Category:University of Iowa alumni Category:American ophthalmologists Category:1959 births Category:Women ophthalmologists |
DWSS-AM DWSS (1494 kHz Metro Manila) is a blocktimer AM station owned by Supreme Broadcasting System, a subsidiary of FBS Radio Network in the Philippines. The station's studio is located at Paragon Plaza Condominium, EDSA corner Reliance Streets, Mandaluyong City, while its transmitter is located at Malanday, Valenzuela City (co-shared with sister station DWBL, and DZRH). Profile In the 1970s, the station began its broadcast as DWEE owned by Radio One Complex, featuring music programs. The station's studios was situated at the now Philippine Christian University campus in Taft Avenue, Manila. In 1991, Ultrasonic Broadcasting System bought the station and changed its callsign to DWLR. Its studios were relocated to SYSU Bldg. in Quezon City. In 1993, the call sign was changed to DWSS, airing Christian music under the name 1494 K-LOVE. Considering the owner's strong family religious background, this was their 1st venture into religious programming, way before Saved began airing on Energy FM years later. In 1996, Manny Luzon took over the station's operations and revamped DWSS as a blocktime station. In 2004, it was sold to FBS Radio Network, in exchange of the latter's stations in Dagupan and Cebu. Due to ownership restrictions, FBS uses the franchise of Supreme Broadcasting System for DWSS. It was once home of Nar Pineda, Ducky Paredes, Ruben Ilagan and other Powerhouse Broadcasters since the demise of DZXQ in March 2011, as well as the Tagalog-languaged broadcast of Family Radio during evenings. References Category:FBS Radio Network DWSS |
Barique Barique is a town in Saint Patrick Parish, Grenada. It is located at the northern end of the island. References Category:Populated places in Grenada |
Renewable energy in the Netherlands Despite the historic usage of wind power to drain water and grind grain, the Netherlands today lags behind most EU countries in the production of energy from renewable sources. The leading renewable sources in the country are biomass, wind, solar and both geothermal and aerothermal power (mostly from ground source and air source heat pumps). In 2018, the Netherlands produced only 7% of its total energy from renewables, a small rise from 5.5% in 2014 and just 1% in 1990 and making it the last among the EU countries. That year, decisions were taken to replace natural gas as the main energy source in the Netherlands with increased electrification being a major part of this process. The low take up of renewable energy may be partially explained by the flat and often sub-sea level landscape and subsequent limits to hydropower resources, although hydro poor resource countries such as Denmark have still managed to make renewables the focus of their energy needs. In 2015, Dutch wind turbines had a total nameplate capacity of 3,431 MW. Wind and solar power installations had a record breaking year during 2015 and this may move the Netherlands closer to its target of 37% of electricity production coming from renewables by 2020. As of 2017, a number of large offshore windfarms have either come online (Gemini wind farm) or have been granted authorisation (Borssele 1 and 2, and Borssele 3 and 4 wind farms). Most of the tiny contribution made to electricity generation by hydroelectricity came from three power plants. A large part of the renewable electricity sold in the Netherlands comes from Norway, a country which generates almost all its electricity from hydropower plants. In the Netherlands, household consumers can choose to buy renewable electricity. Since 2008, the amount of renewable energy used by household users has been increasing, rising from 38% in 2008 to 41% by 2009. and up to 44% by mid 2010. One area in which the Netherlands is a relative leader is in the adoption of electric plug in vehicles. In 2019 PEV vehicles in the Netherlands represented 15% of car sales, making it the world's second highest share after Norway. Electric vehicles are able to run on renewable electricity with zero emissions and have the potential to provide grid power storage facilities. Energy consumption by sector All EU countries as well as Iceland and Norway submitted National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) to outline the steps taken, and projected progress by each country between 2010 and 2020 to meet the Renewable Energy Directive targets for each country. Each plan contains a detailed breakdown of each country's current renewable energy usage and plans for future developments. According to projections by the Dutch submission in 2020 the gross final energy consumption in the Netherlands by sector breaks down as follows: *After adjustments. Using the unadjusted NREAP data approximately half of energy consumption (52.8%) is used in the heating and cooling sector. The heating and cooling sector (also known as the thermal sector) includes domestic heating and air conditioning, industrial processes such as furnaces and any use of heat generally. The next largest share is the electricity sector at 24.7%, followed by the transport sector at 22.5%. Total annual energy consumption before adjustments for aviation is projected to be 52,088 ktoe (52.million tonnes of oil equivalent) by 2020. In order to meet the Netherlands overall target for 14.5% (or 14% using the slightly different renewable energy directive calculation methodology) use of renewable energy in Gross final energy consumption by 2020 (it was just 2.5% in 2005) targets have |
been set for each sector. Renewable energy targets for the year 2020 by sector are: 8.7% in the heating and cooling sector, 37% in the electricity sector and 10.3% in the transport sector. Recent trends in renewable energy The Netherlands has a minimum target of 14% of renewable energy use by 2020. The sectoral targets for 2020 break down into national targets of 8.7% in the heating and cooling sector, 37% in the electricity sector and 10.3% in the transport sector although these figures may be slightly different from those implied by the minimum trajectory path. The following table shows the actual results recorded of renewable energy use by sector: Actual overall renewable energy use grew from 4.3% in 2009 to 5.5% by 2014. The minimum trajectory planned for 2013-2014 was 5.9% and for 2015-2016 7.6% of total energy use. The Netherlands is regarded as amongst the most likely countries to miss 2020 national renewable energy targets as outlined by the Renewable Energy Directive. Sources Wind power 2016 was a record year for new wind turbine installations totalling 887 MW bringing the totalled installed capacity to 4,328 MW by year end. 691 MW of the new installations were offshore. The Dutch government has a target of 6,000 MW of onshore wind power by 2020 and 4,450 MW of offshore wind power by 2023. In 2017, the Netherlands had 2294 wind turbines. The wind capacity installed at end 2017 will, in a normal wind year, produced 9% of electricity, when the equivalent value for Germany was 16.1% and Portugal 14%. Solar power By 2017 year end cumulative installed capacity of solar PV power reached a preliminary estimate of 2,749 MW with 700 MW added in that year alone. Whilst the Netherlands saw its capacity grow by the fourth highest in Europe during 2017 its installed capacity per inhabitant remained relatively low at 160.9 Watts per inhabitant compared to the European average of 208.3 Watts per inhabitant. Biomass Sources of biomass in the Netherlands include the biogenic fraction of waste that is burned in waste incineration plants. Waste wood is also collected for use in the Netherlands and other EU countries. Manure is used to produce biogas and wood pellets are co-fired in electricity plants. 590 kton of pellets were imported, mostly from the United States of America and around 140 kton from Dutch sources contributing 12 to 13 PJ of primary energy to co-firing in energy plants in 2013–2014. Biofuels are produced in the Netherlands for both domestic and export markets. Rapeseed and corn crops were hardly used in 2014 to produce biofuels in Holland with reasons cited being the high price of corn and resistance to using food crops for fuel production. Rapeseed is used for well over 1% of the imported biofuels (biodiesel) while corn is used for 11% (bioethanol). Germany was the largest supplier of rape seed in 2014 (53%), followed by Romania (13%). For corn the largest supplier in 2014 was Ukraine (39%), followed by France (24%). Some maize fodder is fermented for biofuel production in Holland. Biomass produced 76,657 TJ of energy for final consumption in 2013. The largest share was destined for the heat sector at 42,886TJ followed by the electricity sector at 21, 649T J and then the transport sector with 12,123TJ. Hydroelectricity Due to its flat landscape the Netherlands has only very limited hydroelectric resources. In 2014 hydroelectricity produced just 112 Gwh of power out of a total electricity production from all sources of 103,418 GWh. Heat Pumps − An interesting source of heat recovery used in the Netherlands is sourced from freshly |
milked milk, or warm milk. However at 0.3% of total renewable energy production (2010 figures) this source is not likely to accelerate energy transition in the country. Warm milk is still not mentioned in the EU Renewable Energy Directive, nor in international energy statistics and so is not included is gross final consumption figures. It does however provide Dutch farmers with plenty of hot water. − In 2010, 740,000 dairy cows (about half of the country's total) provided 277 TJ of heat energy avoiding 18,000 tons of CO2 emissions. According to industry sources for every litre of milk cooled, 0.7 litres of warm water is produced. Water pumped through the plate heat exchanger reaches 50 °C to 55 °C. The energy recovered from 1000 litres of milk per day over a year generates heat equal to: 13,100 kWh of electrical energy, 1,900 litres of oil, 1,650 m³ of natural gas or 950 kg of propane gas. Climate change According to the ex Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende, the Netherlands use annually 1–1.5 billion € (0.3% of national income) to protect against the risks of the sea level rise. Many areas are under sea level in the Netherlands and are protected by dam and dikes. The Netherlands supported in 2010 raising the European Union emission restrictions from 20% to 30%; however, the Netherlands has only committed to reaching the minimum 14% goal for itself. Historical trends The main sources of renewable energy up to 2018 were from biomass and wind power. Solar power increased rapidly in recent years and is poised to overtake biomass. Total renewable energy use was just 1.1% of overall energy use in 1990. This increased to 15% in 2018. The electricity sector first overtook the heating and cooling sector in 2005 in terms of total renewable energy use. See also Wind power in the Netherlands Solar power in the Netherlands Hydroelectric power in the Netherlands Electricity sector in the Netherlands Energy in the Netherlands External links European Commission National Renewable Energy Action Plans European Commission renewable energy Progress Reports European Commission National Energy Efficiency Action Plans References |
Hexachloroethane Hexachloroethane, also known as perchloroethane (PCA), C2Cl6, is a white crystalline solid at room temperature with a camphor-like odor. It has been used by the military in smoke compositions, such as base-eject smoke munitions (smoke grenades). Manufacture Hexachloroethane is a byproduct of many industrial chlorination processes. It is currently being manufactured directly in India. The overall reaction is shown below. This reaction occurs stepwise. C2H6 + 6 Cl2 → C2Cl6 + 6 HCl Applications Hexachloroethane has been used in the formulation of extreme pressure lubricants. It has also been used as a chain transfer agent in the emulsion polymerization of propylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. Hexachloroethane has been used as an anthelmintic in veterinary medicine, a rubber accelerator, a component of fungicidal and insecticidal formulations as well as a moth repellant and a plasticizer for cellulose esters. Smoke grenades, called hexachloroethane (HCE) smoke or HC smoke, utilize a mixture containing roughly equal parts of HCE and zinc oxide and approximately 6% granular aluminium. These smokes are toxic, which is attributed to the production of zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Hexachloroethane has been used in the manufacture of degassing pellets to remove hydrogen gas bubbles from molten aluminum in aluminum foundries. This use, as well as similar uses in magnesium, is being phased out in the European Union. It was phased out as early as 1999 in the United States. Toxicity Hexachlorethane is not particularly toxic when taken orally, but is considered to be quite toxic by skin adsorption. The primary effect is depression of the central nervous system. The IDLH is given as 300 ppm and the OSHA PEL is 1 ppm (skin). It is reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogen. References External links US Government Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ToxFAQs for Hexachloroethane US CDC NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Scorecard.org chemical profile US EPA Hexachloroethane fact sheet Category:Chloroalkanes Category:IARC Group 2B carcinogens |
Qamar ud-Din Qamar ud-Din, or Kamaruddin etc. is a Muslim male or female name or (in modern usage) surname. In Arabic, Qamar ud-Din (قمر الدين) means "Moon of the Religion", and also refers to an apricot-based beverage. It may refer to: Men Kamaru Usman, MMA fighter, current UFC Welterweight Champion Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat, Mongol ruler of Moghulistan between 1368 and 1392 Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I (1671–1748), founder of the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Hyderabad Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi (1906–1981), Pakistani religious leader and politician Qamaruddin Khan, original name of Bismillah Khan (1916–2006), Indian shehnai player Raja Petra Kamarudin (born 1950), British-Malysian journalist Kamaruddin Jaafar (born 1951), Malaysian politician Suhaimi Kamaruddin, Malaysian politician Haziq Kamaruddin (born 1993), Malaysian Olympic archer Kamarul Afiq Kamaruddin (born 1986), Malaysian footballer Kamarudin Meranun, Malaysian businessman Women Qamar Aden Ali (1957–2009), Somali politician Zuraida Kamaruddin (born 1958), Malaysian politician Other Qamar al-Din, a Syrian apricot drink popular during the month of Ramadan See also Quammruddin Nagar, town in the Indian state of Delhi Category:Arabic feminine given names Category:Arabic masculine given names |
List of Absolutely Fabulous episodes The following is a list of episodes for the British sitcom Absolutely Fabulous that originally ran from 1992 to 1995 for three series, with a two-part special in 1996. It returned in 2001 for two more series until 2003 along with specials in 2002, 2003 and 2004 (and a short Comic Relief sketch in 2005). Three more specials aired from 2011 to 2012 (plus a short Sport Relief sketch). There have been a total of 39 episodes. Series overview Episode list Series 1 (1992) Series 2 (1994) Series 3 (1995) Series 4 (2001) Series 5 (2003) 20th anniversary (2011–12) Other media Prior to the third series, a dramatized behind-the-scenes special was broadcast on 6 January 1995. The special was titled 'How to Be Absolutely Fabulous' and featured Jennifer Saunders as she enters the BBC studio in which the woman at reception is unaware of who Saunders is. Unable to convince the receptionist that she is in fact Edina for the series, Saunders, along with the camera crew runs up to the Absolutely Fabulous office, despite being refused access from the receptionist. Once in the office, Saunders talks about the origins of the series. The special features clips from the series. A second special, released in 1998 and titled 'Absolutely Fabulous: A Life' features Edina and her mother as she and a camera crew are filming the story of Edina's life in a documentary. The setting for the documentary is in the charity shop in which her mother works. Edina talks about her surroundings in the charity shop, a setting that she is unaccustomed to and certainly is not to her taste. She also reminisces about her life. The special features clips from the series. A behind-the-scenes special documentary, "The Story Of Absolutely Fabulous", was broadcast on 2 January 2004. The special gives a definitive account of the history of the series. Charity specials A Comic Relief sketch was broadcast on 11 March 2005 which sees Edina and Patsy reluctantly accompany Emma Bunton to the taping of Comic Relief at the BBC Television Centre. Inside, a member of the production staff can't find Emma's name on the list of presenters, prompting Edina to suggest they check again under Queen Noor or Lulu. Emma and Edina bicker in a dressing room when Edina insists that the point of Emma's participation should be to gain greater exposure for herself. Edina urges Emma to lobby director and Comic Relief founder Richard Curtis for a role in one of his films. When Richard visits the dressing room to apologise for Emma having been left off the list, Edina and Patsy fail to recognise him and ask him to fetch Richard straightaway. Emma angrily writes a cheque to the charity and storms off. When the production staffer returns to collect Emma (now scheduled to appear after Graham Norton), Edina and Patsy first conceal (in the dressing room) and then loudly acknowledge (on-stage, live, during the Comic Relief special) Emma's departure. Patsy is struck by stage fright while Edina attempts a song. Once Patsy wets herself, both are quickly shooed from the stage by a horrified Graham. Guest stars include Emma Bunton, Richard Curtis, Graham Norton and Miranda Hart. A Sport Relief special was broadcast on 23 March 2012 and follows Edina as she is busy training for a Sport Relief charity function with Emma Bunton with disastrous results while Patsy fills in for her downstairs in a meeting with Stella McCartney. Patsy ends up taking the credit for Edina's idea to feature Kate Moss and David Gandy in the magazine, but |
the only condition is that Patsy must not let Edina anywhere near the shoot. In the gym upstairs, Edina boxes with David Haye and she and Emma end up fighting. Emma punches Edina who ends up getting wheeled through the hotel bar on a stretcher. Guest stars include Llewella Gideon, Kate Moss, Stella McCartney, Emma Bunton, David Gandy, Colin Jackson, Linford Christie and David Haye. Notes 1:.The 20th Anniversary specials have been mistakenly referred to as the sixth series, but were not produced as such. The 20th Anniversary does appear above in the series overview table under the "Series" section, this is only due to the fact that these episodes did not directly follow a series, like the previous four specials have done, therefore, they cannot be placed in the "Special(s)" section. References External links Category:Absolutely Fabulous Category:BBC-related lists Category:Lists of British sitcom television series episodes |
Zabłocie, Łask County Zabłocie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Widawa, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Widawa, south-west of Łask, and south-west of the regional capital Łódź. References Category:Villages in Łask County |
Man with a Vision Man with a Vision may refer to: "Man with a Vision" (song), a 1990 song by Seven Man with a Vision (album), a 1992 album by John Parr |
Chalcides ocellatus Chalcides ocellatus, or ocellated skink (also known as eyed skink or gongilo) is a species of skink found in Greece, southern Italy, Malta, and parts of northern Africa. UAE, Israel, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. As an adult, it generally reaches about 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in) of length with a 22 to 39 g weight and has a small head, cylindrical body, and five toes on each foot. They are very agile and are often found in arid areas. It is strongly related to Chalcides colosii, and C. colosii was formerly considered a subspecies of C. ocellatus. C. ocellatus is notable for the presence of ocelli and for its wide variety of coloration patterns. It preys on various insects, including those with hard exoskeletons, arachnids, and small lizards, including its own young. In captivity it also eats sweet fruits, boiled eggs and pieces of meat. Females of the species give birth to 2-6 live young through viviparity. Chalcides ocellatus is considered to be a generalist species and can be found in a wide variety of environments, such as farmland and gravel deserts around the Mediterranean coast. Its main escape tactic from predators is to run behind vegetation, most likely because it is not suited to run very fast. Its limbs are somewhat short, but not adapted for fossorial movement. References External links Photos and Information Morphology of C. ocellatus from Digimorph, an NSF Digital Library at UT-Austin Category:Chalcides Category:Lizards of Europe Category:Skinks of Africa Category:Reptiles of Pakistan Category:Reptiles described in 1775 |
F-segment The F-segment is the largest of the European segments for passenger cars, and always belongs to "luxury cars". The equivalent categories are full-size luxury sedan (or "large luxury sedan") in the United States, luxury saloon (or "luxury limousine") in the United Kingdom, and Oberklasse in Germany. Characteristics F-segment is a niche of the European market (approx. 0.3%) and the range is limited to only a few models. Most F-segment cars use a sedan body style, however some have been produced as wagons/estates or have a hatchback rear door. Extended wheelbase variants of these cars are common, as many of the luxury features are placed for the rear-seat occupants. In some markets (depending on the manufacturer), short wheelbase models are excluded completely, and only long wheelbase variants are sold. Ultra-luxury cars are also included in F-segment. Current models The five highest selling F-segment cars in Europe are the Tesla Model S, the Mercedes-Benz S-Class, BMW 7 Series, Porsche Panamera, and Audi A8. European sales figures Asia The first F-segment car from an Asian manufacturer for an outside market was the 1989 Lexus LS400. Before the debut of luxury orientated Japanese manufacturers such as Lexus or Infiniti, most flagship models were limited for Japan only. Examples included the Toyota Century, Nissan President and Mitsubishi Debonair. In South Korea, early F-segment cars were the result of partnerships with long-established manufacturers, for example the 1994 Daewoo Arcadia (a re-badged Honda Legend), the 1997 SsangYong Chairman (based on the Mercedes-Benz E-Class) and the 1999 Hyundai Equus (based on the Mitsubishi_Proudia/Dignity). More recent F-segment cars from South Korea include the Genesis G90 and the Kia K9. Europe The lineage of Mercedes-Benz's current F-segment car begins with the 1951 Mercedes-Benz W187. The W187 was replaced by the Mercedes-Benz W180 (nicknamed "Ponton") in 1954, which was replaced by the Mercedes-Benz W111 in 1959, which was replaced by the Mercedes-Benz W108 in 1965. The W108 was replaced by the Mercedes-Benz S-Class in 1972, which has been produced for six generations and remains in production today. Jaguar's first F-segment car was the 1951 Jaguar Mark VII. The Mark VII was replaced by the 1956 Jaguar Mark VIII, then the 1959 Jaguar Mark IX and the 1961 Jaguar Mark X, which was renamed the "Jaguar 420G" in 1966. The 420G was replaced by the Jaguar XJ in 1968, which has been produced for four generations and remains in production today. The 1952–1963 BMW 501/502 sedans are predecessors to BMW's current line of F-segment cars. The successor to the 501/502 was the BMW New Six (also known as E3), introduced in 1977. The E3 was replaced by the BMW 7 Series in 1978, which has been produced for six generations and remains in production today. The Maserati Quattroporte was released in 1963 and is currently in its sixth generation. The first F-segment car from Audi was the 1988 Audi V8. The Audi V8 was replaced by the Audi A8 in 1994, which has been produced for four generations and remains in production today. United States F-segment cars are known as "full-size luxury cars" in the United States, and form part of the full-size car category (along with non-luxury large cars and the smaller E-segment cars). See also Car classifications Limousine Luxury car References Category:Euro car segments Category:Luxury vehicles |
Neil Labatte Neil Labatte (born April 24, 1957) is a former professional ice hockey. Labatte played 26 games in the National Hockey League for the St. Louis Blues and also played for the Salt Lake Golden Eagles of the Central Hockey League. Labatte was born in Don Mills, Ontario, Canada. Education Labatte majored in mathematics from 1974 through 1976 at Brown University and played with Brown University's hockey team in 1976. He studied at the University of Utah from 1983 to 1989, receiving bachelor's and master's degrees in finance. Labatte is also a graduate of the ICD-Rotman Directors Education Program of the Institute of Corporate Directors and University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management. Hockey career As a youth, Labatte played in the 1970 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Don Mills. Labatte was drafted 27th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1977 NHL Amateur Draft and 33rd overall by the Edmonton Oilers in the 1977 WHA Amateur Draft. He played in 26 regular season games in the NHL with St. Louis, scoring two assists. He also played in the Central Hockey League for the Salt Lake Golden Eagles. He retired in 1982 and enrolled to the University of Utah. Business career Labatte has been in the real estate industry for over 35 years and is the founder of Global Dimension Capital, Inc., a hotel and real estate advisor formed in 2007 for the purpose of investing capital in hotel and real estate acquisitions and developments. Labatte also became co-chairman of the NHL Alumni Association alongside Glenn Healy. References External links Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:Brown Bears men's ice hockey players Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen Category:Edmonton Oilers (WHA) draft picks Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario Category:St. Louis Blues draft picks Category:St. Louis Blues players Category:Salt Lake Golden Eagles (CHL) players Category:Sportspeople from Toronto Category:Toronto Marlboros players |
Thomas Curtis Thomas Pelham Curtis (January 9, 1873 – May 23, 1944) was an American athlete and the winner of the 110 metres hurdles at the 1896 Summer Olympics. Curtis, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology student of electrical engineering, travelled to Athens as a member of the Boston Athletic Association. At the first day of the first modern Olympic Games, Curtis advanced to the 100 metres final by winning his heat with a time of 12.2 seconds. He later withdrew from that race to prepare for the 110 metres hurdles final, which was his main event at the Olympics. That competition turned into a personal race between Curtis and Grantley Goulding from Great Britain after Frantz Reichel and William Welles Hoyt withdrew. At the start Curtis gained a small lead, but Goulding reached him at the first hurdle. At the last hurdle, Goulding was leading, but Curtis managed to throw himself to the line first. The officials stated that Curtis had won by 5 centimetres. Both athletes had a time of 17.6 seconds. As an eager amateur photographer, Curtis made many valuable pictures in Athens. He served as captain in the Massachusetts National Guard and was a military aide to Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge in World War I. He also participated in the development of the toaster and published several humorous memories about the first modern Olympic Games. The most famous of them is High Hurdles and White Gloves (1932). References External links Some of Curtis' memories about the first modern Olympic Games Category:1873 births Category:1944 deaths Category:American male hurdlers Category:American male sprinters Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1896 Summer Olympics Category:19th-century sportsmen Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field Category:Olympic track and field athletes of the United States Category:Medalists at the 1896 Summer Olympics Category:Massachusetts National Guard personnel |
Qarah Kand, Charuymaq Qarah Kand () is a village in Charuymaq-e Sharqi Rural District, Shadian District, Charuymaq County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 85, in 17 families. References Category:Populated places in Charuymaq County |
Inge Koch (statistician) Inge Koch is an Australian statistician, author, and advocate for gender diversity in mathematics. Koch is the author of Analysis of Multivariate and High-Dimensional Data (1993), and is a Professor in Statistics at the University of Western Australia. Previously, she has worked as an Associate Professor at University of Adelaide and taught statistics at the University of New South Wales. From 2015 to 2019, she was the Executive Director of Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute (AMSI)’s Choose Maths Program, encouraging girls and young women to participate in mathematics. In 2004, she cofounded the Girls Do the Maths movement at the University of New South Wales. Koch completed her PhD in Statistics at the Australian National University in 1991. Her dissertation, Theoretical Problems in Image Analysis, was supervised by Peter Gavin Hall. She completed an MSc at the University of Oxford, and her M.Phil at the University of London. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Australian statisticians Category:Women statisticians Category:Australian National University alumni Category:University of Adelaide faculty Category:University of New South Wales faculty Category:University of Western Australia faculty Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford Category:Alumni of the University of London |
Forde Forde may refer to: Forde (surname) Forde Abbey, Dorset, England Forde Inquiry, 1999 report on child abuse presented to the government of Queensland, Australia Forde, Australian Capital Territory, suburb in Canberra, Australia Division of Forde, Electoral Division in Queensland, Australia Forde Ministry, thirty-second Australian Commonwealth ministry, 6–13 July 1945 Seaforde, a village in County Down, Northern Ireland (named for a family called Forde) See also Ford (disambiguation) Førde (disambiguation) Fforde |
Qutb Qutb, Qutub, Kutb, Kutub or Kotb (), means 'axis', 'pivot' or 'pole'. Qutb can refer to celestial movements and used as an astronomical term or a spiritual symbol. In Sufism, a Qutb is the perfect human being, al-Insān al-Kāmil (The Universal Man), who leads the saintly hierarchy. The Qutb is the Sufi spiritual leader that has a divine connection with God and passes knowledge on which makes him central to, or the axis of, Sufism, but he is unknown to the world. There are five Qutbs per era and they are infallible and trusted spiritual leaders. They are only revealed to a select group of mystics because there is a "human need for direct knowledge of God". According to the Institute of Ismaili Studies, "In mystical literature, such as the writings of al–Tirmidhi, Abd al–Razzaq and Ibn Arabi (d. 1240), [Qutb] refers to the most perfect human being who is thought to be the universal leader of all saints, to mediate between the divine and the human and whose presence is deemed necessary for the existence of the world." Scriptural evidence In the teachings of Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, there is evidence to suggest that the Qutb is the head of the saintly hierarchy which provides scriptural evidence to support the belief in the qutb. The hadīth attributed to Ibn Mas‘ūd has been used as proof that a qutb exists. Temporal Qutb and cosmic Qutb Temporal Qutb There are two different conceptions of the Qutb in Sufism: temporal Qutb and cosmic Qutb. The temporal and cosmic qutb are connected which guarantees that God is present in the world at all times. The temporal qutb is known as "the helper" or al-ghawth and is located in a person on Earth. The cosmic qutb is manifested in the temporal qutb as a virtue which can be traced back to al-Hallādj. The temporal qutb is the spiritual leader for the earth-bound saints. It is said that all beings - secret, animate, and inanimate - must give the qutb their pledge which gives him great authority. The only beings exempt from this are al-afrād, which belong to the angels; the djinn, who are under the jurisdiction of Khadir; and those who belong to the tenth stratum of ridjālal-ghayb. Due to the nature of the Qutb, the location where he resides, whether temporal or cosmic, is questionable. It is thought by most that the Qutb is corporeally or spiritually present in Mecca at the Ka'ba, which is referred to as his maqām. Cosmic Qutb The cosmic Qutb is the Axis of the Universe in a higher dimension from which originates the power (ultimately from Allah) of the temporal Qutb. The cosmic hierarchy of the Qutb The cosmic hierarchy is the way that the spiritual power is ensured to exist through the cosmos. Two descriptions of the hierarchy come from notable Sufis. The first is Ali Hujwiri's divine court. There are three hundred akhyār (“excellent ones”), forty abdāl (“substitutes”), seven abrār (“piously devoted ones”), four awtād (“pillars”) three nuqabā (“leaders”) and one qutb. The second version is Ibn Arabī’s which has a different, more exclusive structure. There are eight nujabā (“nobles”), twelve nuqabā, seven abdāl, four awtād, two a’immah (“guides”), and the qutb. People named Qutb For those named Qutb ad-Din, with many variant transliterations, see Qutb ad-Din Buildings Qutb complex, a group of monuments and buildings at Mehrauli in Delhi, India Qutb Minar, a tall brick minaret in Delhi, India References Category:Arabic masculine given names Category:Sufism |
Xian Hui Xian Hui (; Xiao'erjing: ; born March 1958) is a Chinese female politician of Hui ethnic heritage. She is serving as Chairwoman (Governor) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from July 2016. Along with Bu Xiaolin of Inner Mongolia and Shen Yiqin of Guizhou, Xian Hui is one of only three women to hold a provincial government leadership position in China, as of 2016. Career Xian Hui was born in Dingxi prefecture, Gansu on March 1958. During Down to the Countryside Movement, she became a Sent-down youth in Dingxi, performing manual labour. Between 1978 and 1981, she joined one of the first batches of students to be admitted to post-secondary education following the Cultural Revolution and took up studies in Chinese literature at the Minzu University of China. After university, she returned to her home province, and began working in the provincial United Front Work Department, where she would rise steadily through its career ladder and serve until 2005, eventually rising to head the old cadres bureau and the deputy head of the Gansu United Front Department. In 2003, Xian was appointed as deputy head of the party's Organization Department of Gansu. In March 2007, Xian was named vice-governor. She was named to the provincial party standing committee in April 2012. In May 2015, she became executive vice-governor; she served until July 2016. On July 3, 2016, Xian was named Chairwoman of Ningxia, a region bordering Gansu. Xian's ascension to the Chairwoman's office marked the only known instance in the history of the People's Republic during which one woman succeeded another woman in a leading provincial party or government position. She was confirmed as government by the regional People's Congress on September 19, 2016. References Category:Living people Category:1958 births Category:Communist Party of China politicians from Gansu Category:People's Republic of China politicians from Gansu Category:People from Dingxi Category:Political office-holders in Ningxia Category:Hui people Category:Chinese women in politics Category:Lanzhou University alumni Category:Minzu University of China alumni Category:Members of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Category:21st-century women politicians Category:Members of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China |
TV5 Užice TV5 Užice () is a Serbian television network aired locally to the city of Užice in Western Serbia. It is privately owned and the most watched local network in Užice. History TV5 first aired in July 1994. At the time, the Yugoslavia civil war was ranging. With a democratic change in government, the end of war and oppression against Serbia, the network was able to grow again. Today TV5 has around 650,000 potential viewers. The most watched programmes are news and current affairs. Programming TV5 Užice produces two news bulletins daily, at 7.00PM and 10.00PM. Some other news and current affairs programmes include Info press, Sport 2000, The Hague Tribunal. The network also airs international shows, documentaries, cartoons and movies. 40% of the air time is dedicated to news and current affairs, 40% to educational programmes and 20% to entertainment programmes. External links http://www.tv5.rs/ Category:Television stations in Serbia Category:Television channels and stations established in 1994 Category:Media in Užice |
Ernst van Altena Ernst Rudolf van Altena (11 December 1933, Amsterdam – 15 June 1999, Landsmeer) was a Dutch poet, writer and translator. He was best known for his translations of chansons by Jacques Brel. Category:1933 births Category:1999 deaths Category:20th-century Dutch poets Category:20th-century Dutch male writers Category:20th-century translators Category:Dutch male poets Category:Writers from Amsterdam Category:French–Dutch translators |
Banī 'Obeīd Banī 'Obeīd is one of the districts of Irbid governorate, Jordan. References Category:Districts of Jordan |
James Nelthorpe James Nelthorpe (1675–1734), of Lynford, Norfolk, was a British landowner and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1728 to 1734. Nelthorpe was baptized on 17 November 1675, the son of Edward Nelthorpe of St. Mary Abchurch, London and his wife Mary. He was educated at Merchant Taylors School in 1687. In 1717 he acquired the manor of Lynford from Sir Charles Turner, 1st Baronet where he built Lynford Hall. Sir Robert Walpole often spent a night there on his way to Houghton. Nelthorpe was returned as Member of Parliament for Tiverton, at a by election on 1 March 1728, probably on Walpole’s recommendation. He voted consistently with the Administration, except when he was absent on the excise bill. Nelthorpe died unmarried on 20 April 1734, after the dissolution of Parliament but shortly before the 1734 British general election. He left a natural son, James Nelthorpe, to the guardianship of Walpole. He was known as ‘Rugged Nelthorpe’ because of his pride and ill-nature’ References Category:1675 births Category:1734 deaths Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies Category:British MPs 1727–1734 |
Action of 17 November 1917 The Action of 17 November 1917 was a naval battle of the First World War. The action was fought between a German U-boat and two United States Navy destroyers in the North Atlantic Ocean. Action Based in Queenstown, Ireland, USS Fanning and her sister destroyer USS Nicholson patrolled the eastern waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Their mission was to escort convoys and rescue survivors of sunken merchant ships as well as to seek out and destroy German U-boats. While escorting the eight vessel convoy OQ-20 eastbound, the two destroyers made contact with an enemy submarine. With Arthur S. Carpender commanding, at 4:10 on 17 November 1917, Coxswain Daniel David Loomis of the Fanning sighted U-58, commanded by Kapitänleutnant Gustav Amberger, when the U-boat had surfaced to extend her periscope. The German submarine lined up for a shot at the British merchant steamer SS Welshman and almost immediately Officer of the Deck Lieutenant William O. Henry ordered the destroyer to make circles and engage. At 4:00 Fanning dropped three depth charges, scoring a hit which shook up the U-boat well. Then USS Nicholson joined in the fighting, commanded by Frank Berrien, and dropped another depth charge herself. The Americans spotted U-58 when it surfaced, and Fanning fired three shots with her stern gun. Nicholson struck the U-boat with at least one shot from her bow gun. The Germans unsuccessfully returned fire and surrendered at around 4:30. American fire had hit the submarine near its diving planes, making the ship unmanueverable. Kapitänleutnant Amberger ordered the ballast tanks blown and the submarine went up. Charges also knocked out the main generator aboard the Fanning. If U-58 had surfaced in a battle ready position, Fanning would have surely been attacked and possibly sunk. The German submariners surrendered and Fanning maneuvered to take prisoners. That ended the action with an American victory. The Fanning and Nicholsons sinking of U-58 was one of only a few engagements of World War I in which U.S. Navy warships sank an enemy submarine. Also the first time U.S. ships sank a submarine in combat. Lieutenant William O. Henry and Coxswain Daniel Lommis both received a Navy Cross for their actions during their encounter with U-58. Fanning and Nicholson continued the war escorting and patrolling the North Atlantic, making several more inconclusive contacts with German submarines. Thirty-eight of the 40 crew members of the U-58 survived to become prisoners of war in the United States. See also Action of 15 August 1915 Action of 4 May 1917 Action of 15 October 1917 Action of 8 May 1918 References ^ "Lieutenant Commander Abraham DeSomer, USN (Retired), (1884–1974)". Online Library of Selected Images. U.S. Naval History & Heritage Command. 13 December 2006. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-d/a-dsomr1.htm. Retrieved on 2009-03-29. ^ "Tells Whole Story of Sinking U-Boat" (link to PDF). The New York Times. December 30, 1917. https://www.nytimes.com/1917/12/30/archives/tells-whole-story-of-sinking-uboat-destroyers-fanning-and-nicholson.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-29. Bibliography External links Category:Naval battles of World War I involving Germany Category:Naval battles of World War I involving the United States Category:Atlantic operations of World War I Category:Conflicts in 1917 Category:November 1917 events |
Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Nelson County, North Dakota. It is managed under Devils Lake Wetland Management District. References Refuge directory listing Oh Ranger: Rose Lake National Wildlife Refuge Category:National Wildlife Refuges in North Dakota Category:Protected areas of Nelson County, North Dakota |
Arvi Malmivaara Arvi Einar Malmivaara (23 May 1885 – 30 August 1970; surname until 1906 Malmberg) was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1935 to 1939, representing the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL). He was also active in the Lapua Movement. He was born in Kiuruvesi, and obtained the degree of Philosophiae Magister in 1910. He was working as a teacher of a theological discipline and of drawing at Lapua's school of social sciences during 1909-1919. From 1913 to 1918 he was also a leader of this school. He worked as a parish priest in Kuusankoski in 1919-1923, and from 1923 to 1928, and then was a parish priest in Ylistaro during the period of 1928-1958. From 1939 to 1958 he worked in Provincial Council of Lapua. He participated in Presidential elections in Finland in 1937, 1940, 1943. From 2 September 1935 to 31 August 1939 he was a member of Finish Parliament from Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) in Vaasa. Malmivaara ornamented the inner sanctuary of church in Valkeala Jesus in Gethsemane. Personal life He was the son of Wilhelmi Malmivaara, a member of Parliament, and Karin Rajander. He was married to Ruusa Emilia Sarparanta during 1909-1936 and later from 1937 to Agnes Charlotta Isaksson. He died in Seinäjoki. References Category:1885 births Category:1970 deaths Category:People from Kiuruvesi Category:People from Kuopio Province (Grand Duchy of Finland) Category:Finnish Lutheran priests Category:Patriotic People's Movement (Finland) politicians Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1933–36) Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1936–39) Category:University of Helsinki alumni |
Afarsia Afarsia is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. Species Listed alphabetically: Afarsia antoninae (Lukhtanov, 1999) Afarsia ashretha (Evans, 1925) Afarsia hanna (Evans, 1932) Afarsia iris (Lang, 1884) Afarsia jurii (Tshikolovets, 1997) Afarsia morgiana (Kirby, 1871) Afarsia neoiris (Tshikolovets, 1997) Afarsia omotoi (Forster, 1972) Afarsia rutilans (Staudinger, 1886) Afarsia sieversii (Christoph, 1873) References External links Category:Polyommatini Category:Lycaenidae genera |
Human Behaviour "Human Behaviour" is a song by Icelandic recording artist Björk, released in June 1993 as the lead single from her debut studio album Debut. Produced by Björk's longtime collaborator Nellee Hooper, it reflects upon human nature and emotion from a non-human animal's point of view. The song and music video were inspired by British broadcaster and naturalist David Attenborough. Critics praised "Human Behaviour" and called it a highlight of Debut. The song was an underground smash that peaked at number two on the dance charts and reached number 36 on the UK Singles Chart. Its music video was directed by Michel Gondry and is the first time he and Björk collaborated. The music video, like the song, is a story about the relation between humans and animals from the animal's point of view. Background and inspiration "Human Behaviour" was written by Nellee Hooper and Björk, and was produced by Hooper. The song was first written in 1988 when Björk was still the leading singer of The Sugarcubes, but she decided not to release it with the band. "Human Behaviour" features a "bouncing riff" sampled from Antônio Carlos Jobim, with "its syncopated beat consigned to a venerable orchestral instrument, the timpani." The song was inspired by David Attenborough documentaries and by the relation between humans and animals. Björk explained to Rolling Stone, talking about the inspiration for the song: "'Human Behaviour' is an animal's point of view on humans. And the animals are definitely supposed to win in the end." On a recent question and answer session with fans on The Guardian website, Björk revealed more information about the writing of the song: "I wrote it I was referring to my childhood and probably talking about how I felt more comfortable on my own walking outside singing and stuff than hanging out with humans..." The song was also inspired by the riff from Ray Brown Orchestra's "Go Down Dying". This is the first song on the "Isobel song cycle", a transcendental cycle in Björk's discography which goes from "Human Behaviour" to "Wanderlust" (2007). The B-side contained in the cassette edition of the single is the reggae-influenced "Atlantic", which was produced and written by Björk. Its lyrics talks about Björk's family: "My son has eight grandmothers and eight grandfathers and it's about the love and the complications of that". Music video The music video was directed by Michel Gondry, and this was the first time he and Björk collaborated. Björk talked about the video in an interview with Rolling Stone: The video is a loose take on the children's tale "Goldilocks and the Three Bears", with visuals inspired by Yuri Norstein's animated film Hedgehog in the Fog. The video has several elements that are present in Gondry's first feature film Human Nature. Synopsis As the video starts, a car approaches a hedgehog while the animal tries to cross a country road. The video's style is a surreal, almost Papier-mâché style with a combination of practical effects and forced perspective shifts. Images of a toy-made bear approaching a human Hunter in a threatening way are shown. As Björk starts to sing, she appears in a small cabin while sitting at a table, seemingly eating. Meanwhile, in the forest, the hedgehog manages not to get hit by the car and approaches the Hunter, who is now lying on the ground. As Björk continues to sing, she appears walking in the forest, seemingly followed by the bear. A frame shows a nest full of Björk-like humans trapped in a pupa. When the bear and the singer meet, the animal makes the motion of |
roaring at her. She starts to fly through the forest, and during the flight she clings to a tree. The tree collapses, she falls down near the Hunter still lying supine on the ground, and she appears on the ground having the same dimensions of the hedgehog. Then, the situation of the opening frames is repeated, as Björk tries to cross the road and manages not to get hit by the car, driven by the Bear. In the following scenes, she sings in a river in the middle of the forest. While she contemplates the sky, the Moon appears to emanate pulsations, and the perspective shifts to what appears to be a moth. Now on the moon, the singer is shown dressed as an astronaut, while she's planting a Soviet flag. Björk appears to fall down from the Moon, and seemingly falls down in the Bear's throat, however she keeps singing even in the animal's stomach. During the breakdown, she dances in her hut tapping and looking at a bulb, while a moth falls down in her plate. Scenes of the bear attacking and dragging the Hunter are shown. As the video fades out, the singer continues singing in the stomach of the bear. Reception The video was well received by music critics, which complimented its originality. Critics praised also the chemistry between Gondry and Björk: "The imagery of 'Human Behaviour' is a web of various physical, in-camera effects that Gondry uses throughout his film career. Models, composites, screen projections (all featured in image eight), and lighting (see image two) abound in Björk's emotional woodlands. Colors are deep and saturated. In addition to his unique perceptions of Björk's music, Gondry's art of storytelling are unique to the music video world. 'Human Behaviour' is a story of predator and prey. In search of food, a bear clomps through a forest in the evening. A rugged hunter stalks the woods in pursuit of his game. Björk, as narrator and character(s) of her own story, flees from the bear. Numerous times the bear almost succeeds: in one attempt he drives a car, and almost hits Björk. In the end, Björk flies down the throat of the bear, and rests in his stomach. The hunter also meets his demise. The video is a classic; a vivid story rendered in Gondry and Björk's surreal playground." In 1993, Rolling Stone included the Music Video in The Top 100 Music Video of all Time list, at number 96. The video received six nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards of 1994 including Best Female Video, Best New Artist in a Video, Breakthrough Video, Best Direction, Best Special Effects and Best Art Direction, winning none. The video was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, Short Form losing to Peter Gabriel's "Steam". In 2009, the video was nominated for another MTV Video Music Awards in the Best Video (That Should Have Won a Moonman) category, losing to "Sabotage", by the Beastie Boys. Critical reception The song was well received by music critics. For AllMusic's Heather Pares, the song's "dramatic percussion provides a perfect showcase for her wide-ranging voice". The New York Times described the lyrics of "Human Behaviour" as a "parallel between the beastliness of humanity and the bestiality of nature. Impact The song was parodied on the PBS show Bill Nye the Science Guy as "Cross Pollination," with lyrics concerning plants. Although the original vocal melody was not used, the music is unmistakably an attempt to spoof the backing of "Human Behaviour". The music video was riffed by Beavis and Butt-head in the episode |
"Closing Time." It was used in the 10th episode of the second season of Gilmore Girls. The song can be heard when the Gilmore girls see the perfect snowman has been destroyed after "The Bracebridge Dinner". It has been included in the series' soundtrack Our Little Corner of the World: Music from Gilmore Girls (2002). Live performances Björk promoted the song by a series of TV appearances. She performed the song and "Big Time Sensuality" on MTV's Most Wanted while dressed in a pink skirt and yellow tee, accompanied by a Hammond Organ and Tablas. On 13 October 1993 she performed a set of three songs, including "Come to Me" and "The Anchor Song" on Planeta Rock. The song was part of her MTV Unplugged setlist, and was performed with a harpsichord solely. She also performed the song and was also interviewed on an October 1993 episode of the then-new talk show Late Night with Conan O’Brien. At the 1994 Roskilde Festival, Björk joined Underworld on stage to perform the Underworld remix of the song. Björk performed the song in all of her tour. During the Vespertine World Tour, the song featured a more electronic arrangement accompanied by a more classical Orchestra. During the Volta Tour, the song was performed only once and featured a brass arrangement. She performed a new flute arrangement of the song during the Utopia Tour. Track listings For a complete list of official releases : Official Björk's Discography at 77island Versions Acoustic Bassheads Edit (Bassheads) "Close to Human" Mix (Speedy J.) Deep Behaviour (Dimitri From Paris) Dom T. Mix (Dom T.) Le French Touch (Dimitri From Paris) Live From 6A - Conan O'Brien Live - Glastonbury 1994 Underworld Mix (Underworld) Underworld Mix Short Edit (Underworld) Underworld Dub (Underworld) Underworld Dub 2 (Underworld) Underground Behaviour (Dimitri From Paris) Underground Behaviour Dub (Dimitri From Paris) Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References External links Complete list of Human Behaviour versions at discogs.com Human Behaviour webpage Category:1993 singles Category:Björk songs Category:Debut singles Category:Music videos directed by Michel Gondry Category:Songs written by Björk Category:Songs about bears Category:Songs written by Nellee Hooper Category:Song recordings produced by Nellee Hooper Category:One Little Indian Records singles Category:1993 songs Category:Number-one singles in Iceland |
Cleiton Xavier Cleiton Ribeiro Xavier (; born 23 March 1983) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Vitória. He is known by his powerful and accurate free kicks, dribbling skills and passes. Club career In his early career, Cleiton Xavier played for CSA and Internacional, and was loaned out various times. Palmeiras In early 2009, Palmeiras signed Cleiton from the relegated Figueirense. Cleiton Xavier proved he had good talent in Palmeiras's first matches in the Libertadores Cup and in the São Paulo State Championship. On 29 April 2009 Cleiton Xavier scored an 87th minute away-goal against Colo-Colo in the Libertadores Cup that secured Palmeiras' progression to the knockout stages of the tournament, it was a very long-range shot inside the goalkeeper's left angle. Later in the Série A alongside teammate Diego Souza, Cleiton Xavier made an outstanding season with Palmeiras, leading the competition for 19 rounds, however Palmeiras finished 5th due to losses in the final matches and did not qualify for the Libertadores Cup. Cleiton Xavier was elected the 3rd best player of the season, even though he had an injury. In 2010, Cleiton Xavier remained with Palmeiras and also started well the year. He participated in Palmeiras's first ten goals in the São Paulo State Championship. Metalist Kharkiv On 14 July 2010, Cleiton Xavier transferred to FC Metalist Kharkiv for €4.5 million. In 2013, he became popular for scoring a fastest equalizing goal from the starting line after the restart of the match against local league rival, Chornomorets. He then inspired them to a 3 – 1 victory which boosted their chances to qualify for next season Champions League campaign in which the victory lift them above another local rival who competing for the same spot, Dynamo Kyiv. Club statistics Honours Internacional Rio Grande do Sul State League: 2003, 2004 Figueirense Santa Catarina State League: 2008 Palmeiras Copa do Brasil: 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro: 2016 Vitória Campeonato Baiano: 2017 References External links figueirense.com Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:Brazilian footballers Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in Ukraine Category:Centro Sportivo Alagoano players Category:Sport Club Internacional players Category:Sport Club do Recife players Category:Brasiliense Futebol Clube players Category:Sociedade Esportiva do Gama players Category:Marília Atlético Clube players Category:Figueirense FC players Category:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players Category:FC Metalist Kharkiv players Category:Esporte Clube Vitória players Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Category:Ukrainian Premier League players Category:People from Alagoas Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine Category:Pan American Games medalists in football Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil Category:Association football midfielders Category:Footballers at the 2003 Pan American Games |
Tim Prinsen Tim Prinsen (born March 1, 1971) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman who is currently the running backs coach for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted fourth overall by the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the 1997 CFL Draft and played three seasons for the team, including a Grey Cup win in 1999. He then played for his hometown Eskimos for five seasons where he won his second championship in 2003. He played college football for the North Dakota Fighting Sioux. References External links Edmonton Eskimos profile page Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:Canadian football offensive linemen Category:Edmonton Eskimos coaches Category:Edmonton Eskimos players Category:Grey Cup champions Category:Hamilton Tiger-Cats players Category:North Dakota Fighting Hawks football players Category:Players of Canadian football from Alberta Category:Sportspeople from Edmonton Category:Alberta Golden Bears football coaches Category:Saskatchewan Roughriders coaches |
2009 Cincinnati mayoral election The 2009 Cincinnati mayoral election took place on November 3, 2009, to elect the Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio. Usually a nonpartisan primary is held where the top two candidates move on to the general election, however, incumbent mayor Mark Mallory and Brad Wenstrup were the only two candidates to file, so no primary election was held. General election References Category:Mayoral elections in Cincinnati Category:2009 Ohio elections Cincinnati |
Lyle Overbay Lyle Stefan Overbay (born January 28, 1977) is an American former professional baseball first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Toronto Blue Jays, Pittsburgh Pirates, Atlanta Braves, New York Yankees, and Milwaukee Brewers from 2001 through 2014. College career Overbay attended the University of Nevada, Reno, where he played college baseball for the Nevada Wolf Pack baseball team. Professional career Draft and minors Overbay was selected by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 18th round of the 1999 MLB draft. While playing in the farm system, he was named Diamondbacks minor league player of the year. Arizona Diamondbacks Overbay made his Major League debut on September 19, 2001. Overbay appeared in 2 games getting one hit out of 2 plate appearances during his brief stint in the majors in 2001. He was also part of the Diamondbacks' postseason roster to serve as a backup first baseman and eventually won the World Series over the Yankees. During the 2002 season, Overbay played mostly in the minors and only played in 10 games in the majors. Overbay first played with the Diamondbacks as the full-time first baseman in 2003. He played in 86 games, batting .276 with 28 RBI and 4 home runs. He was sent down to Triple-A Tucson in June, but was called up in September to be part of the 40-man roster expansion. He was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers during the off-season. Milwaukee Brewers Overbay was acquired by the Milwaukee Brewers on December 1, 2003, in a trade that sent Richie Sexson and Shane Nance to Arizona for Overbay, Craig Counsell, Junior Spivey, Chris Capuano, Chad Moeller, and Jorge de la Rosa. During the 2004 season, Overbay batted .301 with 16 home runs, 87 RBI, and a major league-leading 53 doubles. In 2005, Overbay hit 19 home runs, surpassing his 2004 total of 16. On July 23, he had a career high 6 RBI against the Cincinnati Reds, hitting two home runs, including a grand slam. This feat was also the most in a season by a Brewer. He played very well against the Reds, batting .431 with 6 home runs and 18 RBI. He was traded to the Blue Jays in the off-season. He was a fan favorite in Milwaukee. When Overbay stepped up to plate, fans would do the "O chant." Fans would raise their hands over their heads in an "O" symbol – some brought cardboard cut outs of the letter "O" – and would chant a prolonged "O" sound to honor Overbay. Overbay said of the chant, "The "O" chant doesn't break my concentration. Sometimes it gets me too pumped up because I want to come through and give the fans something to cheer about, instead of just chanting. But overall, I think it's cool that I get that treatment from Brewers fans." Toronto Blue Jays On December 7, 2005, Overbay was traded from the Brewers along with pitching prospect Ty Taubenheim to the Toronto Blue Jays in exchange for outfielder Gabe Gross and pitchers Dave Bush and Zach Jackson. Although the trade was acknowledged as a needed acquisition for the Blue Jays, Overbay did not have the statistical impact hoped for, at least beyond 2006. From 2007 to 2008, Overbay statistically trailed Bush in the sabermetric categories wins above replacement player and value over replacement player. On July 5, 2006, Overbay was named American League Player of the Week after hitting .423 and hitting four home runs during the week of June 26 to July 2, 2006. In 2006, he had a career season, batting .312 |
with 22 home runs, 92 RBI and 181 hits, which were all career-highs. He also had 46 doubles, which was tenth among the major leagues. On January 15, 2007, the Toronto Blue Jays signed Overbay to a four-year contract, buying out his final two arbitration-eligible years, and his first two years of free agency, with a $24 million contract. On June 4, 2007, Overbay was hit by a pitch in the sixth inning of a game against the Chicago White Sox. The pitch was a high and inside fastball that ran in and hit Lyle in the hand, breaking three bones in his hand. He was on the disabled list until July 13, 2007, rejoining the Blue Jays after the All-Star break. After his return, he struggled at the plate, especially with hitting for power. Overbay set a new team record on May 25, 2008 by reaching base in his 12th consecutive plate appearance after walking on a full count in the second inning. The previous record holder was Tony Fernández who reached base 11 straight times. That season, he was criticized by fans for his penchant to ground into double plays. He finished 2008 tied for seventh overall in this category, with 24. Overbay is also one of only 15 players to hit into an unassisted triple play, serving up Asdrúbal Cabrera of the Cleveland Indians on May 12, 2008. On June 8, 2009, Overbay was again named American League Player of the Week after leading the Major League in both batting average and slugging. He was also named the 2009 American Legion Graduate of the Year. Pittsburgh Pirates On December 14, 2010, Overbay signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates. After batting .227 with eight home runs and 37 RBIs in 103 games, he was designated for assignment on August 1, 2011, and released on August 5. Second stint with the Arizona Diamondbacks On August 13, Overbay re-signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks, replacing the injured Xavier Nady. The Diamondbacks paired Overbay with Paul Goldschmidt, who Overbay mentored. On December 8, 2011, Overbay signed a one-year deal with the Diamondbacks. He was used mostly as a pinch hitter. On July 30, Arizona designated Overbay for assignment. They then released him on August 3. Atlanta Braves On August 20, 2012, the Atlanta Braves signed Overbay to a minor league contract. He was called up when the rosters expanded on September 1, 2012. Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees On January 13, 2013, the Boston Red Sox announced that Overbay had been signed to a minor league contract with an invitation to major league spring training. He was released by the Red Sox on March 26, 2013, and signed by the New York Yankees to a 3-day minor league deal later that day. On March 31, the Yankees added Overbay to their 25-man active roster. On May 10, 2013, Overbay went 4-for-5 with 2 doubles, a 2-run home run, 5 runs batted in, and 2 runs scored in an 11–6 win over the Kansas City Royals at Kauffman Stadium. On June 3, he made his first career start in right field. On June 26, the Yankees announced that Mark Teixeira was going to undergo season-ending wrist surgery, allowing Overbay to be the everyday first baseman for the remainder of the season. After the team signed Mark Reynolds on August 15, who had been released by the Cleveland Indians several days prior, Overbay and Reynolds platooned at first base for the remainder of the season, with the left-handed hitting Overbay usually starting against right-handed pitchers. Second stint with the Milwaukee Brewers On January 20, |
2014, Overbay agreed to a minor league contract with the Milwaukee Brewers that contained an invite to spring training. Overbay made the Brewers regular season roster, announced March 23, and will play first base for the Brewers alongside Mark Reynolds, the team's other first baseman. Coincidentally, these same two players played for the Yankees at the same time in the previous season. Manager Ron Roenicke cited Overbay's good defense skills at first base and his veteran status in making his decision. On May 19, 2014, Overbay made his first career pitching appearance against his old team, the Atlanta Braves. With two outs in the bottom of the 8th inning of a 9-3 game, he was called upon to get the final out. He faced only one batter (Ryan Doumit), getting the needed out on a popup to the shortstop Jean Segura. Overbay finished the 2014 season batting .233 in 121 games, with 4 home runs and 35 RBI. On October 1, he told MLB Radio Network that he was "99.9 percent sure" he would retire. Career statistics In 1587 games over 14 seasons, Overbay posted a .266 batting average (1355-for-5102) with 645 runs, 356 doubles, 12 triples, 151 home runs, 675 RBI, 638 bases on balls, .347 on-base percentage and .429 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .995 fielding percentage as a first baseman and also played several games at right field. Personal life Overbay is married to Sarah Overbay and has six children. Overbay is a Christian. See also List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders References External links Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:American expatriate baseball players in Canada Category:Arizona Diamondbacks players Category:Milwaukee Brewers players Category:Toronto Blue Jays players Category:Pittsburgh Pirates players Category:Atlanta Braves players Category:New York Yankees players Category:Nevada Wolf Pack baseball players Category:Missoula Osprey players Category:South Bend Silver Hawks players Category:El Paso Diablos players Category:Tucson Sidewinders players Category:New Hampshire Fisher Cats players Category:Gwinnett Braves players Category:All-Star Futures Game players Category:Baseball players from Washington (state) Category:Major League Baseball first basemen Category:People from Centralia, Washington Category:American Christians |
Dunkirk High School Dunkirk High School (DHS) is a public high school located in Dunkirk, New York. It is situated on 6th Street, a few blocks from the city downtown. The High School enrolls 616 students in grades 9 through 12. School overview Dunkirk High School serves as the only public High School in the city. The school enrolls 603 students in grades 9 through 12. The ethnic break-down is as follow: White 51%, Hispanic (mostly Puerto Rican) 39%, Black 9% and Asian 1%. The faculty is composed by 60 classroom teachers. The graduation rate is 71%. Sports activities Bowling Basketball Wrestling Cross Country Golf Indoor Track Outdoor Track Soccer Swimming Tennis Cheerleading Softball Volleyball Football Baseball References Category:Public high schools in New York (state) Category:Schools in Chautauqua County, New York |
The Yardbirds The Yardbirds are an English rock band, formed in London in 1963. The band's core lineup featured vocalist and harmonica player Keith Relf, drummer Jim McCarty, rhythm guitarist/bassist Chris Dreja and bassist/producer Paul Samwell-Smith. The band is known for starting the careers of three of rock's most famous guitarists, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck, all of whom ranked in the top five of Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 greatest guitarists. The band had a string of hits throughout the mid-1960s, including "For Your Love", "Heart Full of Soul", "Shapes of Things" and "Over Under Sideways Down". Originally a blues-based band noted for their signature "rave-up" instrumental breaks, the Yardbirds broadened their range into pop, pioneering psychedelic rock and early hard rock; and contributed to many electric guitar innovations of the mid-1960s. Some rock critics and historians also cite their influence on the later punk rock, progressive rock, and heavy metal trends. Following the band's split in 1968, Relf and McCarty formed Renaissance and guitarist Jimmy Page formed Led Zeppelin. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. They were included at number 89 in Rolling Stone's list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time", and ranked number 37 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock. The Yardbirds reformed in the 1990s, featuring drummer Jim McCarty and rhythm guitarist/bassist Chris Dreja as the only original members of the band. Dreja left the band in 2012, leaving McCarty as the sole original member of the band present in the lineup. History Beginnings The band formed in the south-west London suburbs in 1963. Relf and Samwell-Smith were originally in a band named the Metropolitan Blues Quartet. After being joined by Dreja, McCarty and Top Topham, they performed at Kingston Art School in late May 1963 as a backup band for Cyril Davies. Following a couple of gigs in September 1963 as the Blue-Sounds, they changed their name to the Yardbirds. McCarty claims that Relf was the first to use the name, who may have gotten it from Jack Kerouac's novel On the Road, where it referred to rail yard hobos. He adds that Topham identified it as a nickname for jazz saxophonist Charlie "Yardbird" Parker. The quintet achieved notice on the burgeoning British rhythm and blues scene when they took over as the house band at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, succeeding the Rolling Stones. Their repertoire drew from the Chicago blues of Howlin' Wolf, Muddy Waters, Bo Diddley, Sonny Boy Williamson II and Elmore James, including "Smokestack Lightning", "Good Morning Little School Girl", "Boom Boom", "I Wish You Would", "Rollin' and Tumblin'", "Got Love if You Want It" and "I'm a Man". Original lead guitarist Topham left and was replaced by Eric Clapton in October 1963. Crawdaddy Club impresario Giorgio Gomelsky became the Yardbirds manager and first record producer. Under Gomelsky's guidance the Yardbirds toured Britain as the back-up band for blues legend Sonny Boy Williamson II in December 1963 and early 1964, recording live tracks on 8 December and other dates. The recordings would be released two years later during the height of the Yardbirds popularity on the album Sonny Boy Williamson and the Yardbirds. After the tours with Williamson, the Yardbirds signed to EMI's Columbia label in February 1964, and recorded more live tracks 20 March at the legendary Marquee Club in London. The resulting album of mostly American blues and R&B covers, Five Live Yardbirds, was released by Columbia nine months later, and it failed to enter the UK albums charts. Over time Five Live gained |
stature as one of the few quality live recordings of the era, and as a historical document of both the British "rock and roll boom" in the 1960s and Clapton's time in the band. Breakthrough success and Clapton departure The Clapton line-up recorded two singles, the blues "I Wish You Would" and "Good Morning, School Girl", before the band scored its first major hit with "For Your Love", a Graham Gouldman composition with a prominent harpsichord part by Brian Auger. "For Your Love" hit the top of the charts in the UK and Canada and reached number six in the United States, but it displeased Clapton, a blues purist whose vision extended beyond three-minute singles. Frustrated by the commercial approach, he abruptly left the band on 25 March 1965, the day the single was released. Soon Clapton joined John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, but not before he recommended Jimmy Page, a prominent young session guitarist, to replace him. Content with his lucrative sessions work, and worried about both his health and the politics of Clapton's departure, Page in turn recommended his friend Jeff Beck. Beck played his first gig with the Yardbirds only two days after Clapton's departure. Jeff Beck's tenure; pioneers of British psychedelia Beck's explorations of fuzz tone, reverb, feedback, sustain, distortion and hammer-on soloing fitted well into the increasingly raw style of British beat music. The Yardbirds began to experiment with eclectic arrangements reminiscent of Gregorian chants and various European and Asian styles while Beck infused a pervasive Middle Eastern influence into the mix. Beck was voted No. 1 lead guitarist of 1966 in the British music magazine Beat Instrumental. The Beck-era Yardbirds produced a number of groundbreaking recordings. These included the hit singles "Heart Full of Soul", "Evil Hearted You"/"Still I'm Sad", a cover of Bo Diddley's "I'm a Man" (US only), "Shapes of Things" and "Over Under Sideways Down", and the Yardbirds album (known popularly as Roger the Engineer). Beck's fuzz-tone guitar riff on "Heart Full of Soul" helped to introduce Indian-influenced guitar stylings to the pop charts in the summer of 1965. The follow-up, the reverb-laden "Evil Hearted You", furthered the Eastern influence, while its B-side, "Still I'm Sad", featured the band chanting like Gregorian monks. The Diddley cover, "I'm a Man", was hard blues rock, featured the Yardbirds' signature "rave-up", where the tempo shifted to double time and Relf's harmonica and Beck's scratching guitar raced to a climax before falling back into the original beat. The band embarked on their first US tour in late August 1965. A pair of albums were put together for the US market: For Your Love and Having a Rave Up, half of which came from the earlier Five Live Yardbirds album, combined with new tracks such as "You're a Better Man Than I" and "Train Kept A-Rollin'", both recorded with legendary producer Sam Phillips at Sun Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, during the first US tour. There were three more US tours during Beck's time with the band, and a brief European tour in April 1966. The single "Shapes of Things", released in February 1966, "can justifiably be classified as the first psychedelic rock classic", according to music journalist Ritchie Unterberger and heralded the coming of British psychedelia three months before the Beatles' "Paperback Writer" B-side "Rain". Reaching number three on the UK charts and 11 in the US, "Shapes" was also the Yardbirds' first self-penned hit, the previous three UK A-sides having been written by Gouldman. Relf's vague anti-war protest lyrics and Beck's feedback-driven, Middle Eastern-influenced solo reflected the band's increasing embrace of psychedelia, as did the |
B-side "You're A Better Man Than I" and the follow-up single, "Over Under Sideways Down". The latter was released in May and featuring more quixotic lyrics by Relf and another Eastern-inspired guitar line by Beck. The "Over Under Sideways Down" sessions were held in April 1966 and produced the album Yardbirds. It was commonly referred to as "Roger the Engineer", which were the words scrawled under a cartoon by Dreja of engineer Roger Cameron that appears on the cover of the UK release. In the US, an abridged version of the album, minus the cartoon cover art, was released as Over Under Sideways Down. The recording session marked the Yardbirds' split with their manager, Giorgio Gomelsky, as writer Simon Napier-Bell took over management and shared production credit with Samwell-Smith. The band, led by Relf and McCarty, eschewed cover material, writing the entire album themselves. They were allotted "a whole week" to record the album, according to Dreja, resulting in a "crammed" albeit eclectic mix of blues, hard rock, monkish chanting ("Turn into Earth", "Ever Since the World Began") and African tribal rhythms ("Hot House of Omagararshid"). Beck's guitar lines were a unifying constant throughout. Roger the Engineer was ranked at number 350 on Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". The Beck/Page line-up Roger the Engineer was released in June 1966. Soon afterwards, Samwell-Smith quit the band at a drunken gig at Queen's College in Oxford and embarked on a career as a record producer. Jimmy Page, who was at the show, agreed that night to play bass until rhythm guitarist Dreja could rehearse on the instrument. The band toured with Page on bass, and Beck and Dreja on guitars, playing dates in Paris, the UK, the Midwestern US and the California coast. Beck fell ill late in the latter tour, and was hospitalised in San Francisco. Page took over as lead guitarist at the Carousel Ballroom (San Francisco) on 25 August and Dreja switched to bass. Beck stayed in San Francisco to recuperate with his girlfriend Mary Hughes, while the rest of the band completed the tour. After the Yardbirds reunited in London, Dreja remained on bass and the group's dual lead guitar attack was born. The Beck–Page lead guitar tandem created the avant garde psychedelic rock single "Happenings Ten Years Time Ago" (with future Led Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones on bass instead of Dreja), which the band recorded in July and September 1966. The single's UK B-side was "Psycho Daisies", two minutes of embryonic garage punk sludge featuring Beck on vocals and lead guitar, and Page on bass. The single's B-side in the US, "The Nazz Are Blue", also features a rare lead vocal by Beck. The Yardbirds also recorded "Stroll On", a reworking of Tiny Bradshaw's "Train Kept A-Rollin'", recorded for Michelangelo Antonioni's critically acclaimed film Blow-Up. Relf changed the song's lyrics and title to avoid having to seek permission from the copyright holder. Their appearance in the film, about a hip fashion photographer (played by David Hemmings) undergoing an existential crisis in Swinging London, came after the Who declined and the In-Crowd were unable to attend the filming. Andy Warhol "Factory" band The Velvet Underground were also considered for the part but were unable to acquire UK work permits. Director Antonioni instructed Beck to smash his guitar in emulation of the Who's Pete Townshend. The guitar that Beck destroys in the film was a cheap Höfner instrument. The Beck–Page line-up recorded little else in the studio. No live recordings of the dual-lead guitar lineup have surfaced, except for "Great Shakes", a commercial recorded |
for Great Shakes milkshakes using the opening riff of "Over Under Sideways Down", included on the 1992 Little Games Sessions & More compilation. One recording made by Beck and Page in May 1966, just weeks before Page joined the Yardbirds, was "Beck's Bolero". This piece was inspired by Ravel's "Bolero" and credited to Page (although Beck also claims to have written the song), with John Paul Jones on bass, Keith Moon on drums and Nicky Hopkins on piano. Around the time of this session, the idea of a "supergroup" involving Beck, Page, Moon and Who bassist John Entwistle originated, with Entwistle suggesting it would "go over like a lead balloon" and Moon quipping that they could call the band "Lead Zeppelin". Although all the musicians remained with their respective bands, Page recalled the conversation in 1968 when deciding on the name for Led Zeppelin. "Beck's Bolero" was first released in 1967 as the B-side of Beck's first solo single, "Hi Ho Silver Lining", and was included the following year on the Jeff Beck Group's debut album, Truth. The "swinging London" scene depicted in Blow-Up was evolving towards psychedelic London but the Yardbirds kept up a frenetic touring schedule upon their return. They opened for the Rolling Stones' 1966 UK tour (with Ike & Tina Turner, Peter Jay and Long John Baldry also on the bill), released the "Happenings" single, shot their scenes in Blow-Up, and then headed back to the US for a show at the Fillmore West in San Francisco, and a slot on American Bandstand host Dick Clark's "Caravan of Stars" tour, which they joined in Texas. After a few shows with the Caravan, Beck stormed out and headed back to San Francisco and Mary Hughes. The band, still in Texas, continued on the Dick Clark tour as a quartet, with Page as sole lead guitarist. They caught up with Beck in late November, at which point Beck officially left the band. Beck's lack of professionalism, his temper, Relf's drunkenness, the gruelling and unrewarding Dick Clark Caravan, and other pressures were cited, none of which involved Beck actually being fired. Beck's official departure was announced on 30 November in the US. The Yardbirds finished their remaining US dates with Page as sole lead guitarist and headed back to the UK for more shows scheduled by Napier-Bell. Beck continued as a solo artist. Final days: the Page era Page subsequently introduced playing the instrument with a cello bow (suggested to him by violinist David McCallum, Sr.) and the combination of a wah-wah pedal in addition to a distortion fuzzbox. Other innovations included the use of a taped noise loop in live settings (on the psychedelic dirge "Glimpses") and open-tuned guitar to enhance the sitar-like sounds the Yardbirds were known for. Meanwhile, the act's commercial fortunes were declining. "Happenings Ten Years Time Ago" had only reached No. 30 on the US Hot 100 and had fared worse in Britain. The band dropped Napier-Bell and entered into a partnership with Columbia Records hit-making producer, Mickie Most, known for his work with the Animals, Herman's Hermits and Scottish singer Donovan, yet this move failed to reignite their chart success. After the disappointing sales of "Happenings", the single "Little Games" released in March 1967 flopped so badly in the UK (where it was backed by "Puzzles") that EMI did not release another Yardbirds record there until after the band broke up. A 1968 UK release of the "Goodnight Sweet Josephine" single was planned but cancelled. A version of Tony Hazzard's "Ha Ha Said the Clown" – on which only Relf performed – backed |
by the Relf–McCarty original "Tinker Tailor, Soldier Sailor", was the band's last single to enter the US top 50, peaking at No. 44 on the Billboard charts in the summer of 1967. Epic compiled the six earlier A-side hits and B-sides ("New York City Blues", "Still I'm Sad") with the heaviest material from For Your Love ("I'm Not Talking") and Having a Rave Up ("Smokestack Lightning"), and released The Yardbirds Greatest Hits in the US in March 1967. The album featured the first appearance of "Happenings" and "Shapes of Things" on an album. Although it omitted "Psycho Daisies", which had only been released in the UK as a B-side, Greatest Hits described to the Yardbirds' growing American audience an almost complete picture of "what made the Yardbirds a great band", according to AllMusic critic Bruce Eder. In the description of author Greg Russo, the compilation also presented young garage rock musicians of the psychedelic era with a handy textbook of the band's work during 1965–66. Greatest Hits was the Yardbirds' best-selling US album release, peaking at No. 28 on the Billboard charts. The band spent the first half of 1967 touring Australia, New Zealand, Denmark and France (including a stop in Cannes to help promote Blow-Up). They also played a handful of shows in the UK in June, before heading to Vancouver to begin their fourth tour of North America with Page. Their final album, Little Games, was released in July 1967, again only in the US. It was a commercial and critical non-entity. A cover of Harry Nilsson's "Ten Little Indians" charted briefly in the United States. The Yardbirds spent much of the rest of that year touring in the US with new manager Peter Grant, their live shows becoming heavier and more experimental. The band rarely played their 1967 Most-produced singles on stage, preferring to mix the Beck-era hits with blues standards and experimental psychedelia such as "Glimpses", a Page-written piece from Little Games featuring bowed guitars, pre-recorded noise loops and a hypnotic wah-wah guitar groove. They also covered the Velvet Underground ("I'm Waiting for the Man") and Bob Dylan ("Most Likely You Go Your Way And I'll Go Mine") and American folk singer Jake Holmes, whose "Dazed and Confused", with overhauled arrangement by Page and lyrics modified by Relf, was shaped in fall of 1967 and a live fixture of the final American tour in 1968. "Dazed and Confused" went down so well that Page selected it for the first Led Zeppelin record, on which it appears with further revised lyrics and Page credited as writer. (Page and Holmes would settle on an "Inspired by" credit for Holmes in 2011). By 1968, the psychedelic blues rock of Cream and the Jimi Hendrix Experience was enormously popular, yet Relf and McCarty wished to pursue a style influenced by folk and classical music. Page wanted to continue with the kind of "heavy" music for which Led Zeppelin would become iconic. Dreja was developing an interest in photography. By March, Relf and McCarty had decided to leave but were persuaded by the other two to stay at least for one more American tour. The band's final single was recorded in January and released two months later. Reflecting the divergences of the band members and their producer, the A-side, "Goodnight Sweet Josephine", was another Mickie Most-produced pop single, while the B-side, "Think About It", featured a proto-Zeppelin Page riff and snippets of the "Dazed and Confused" guitar solo. It failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100. A concert and some album tracks were recorded in New York City in March |
and early April (including the unreleased song "Knowing That I'm Losing You", an early version of a track that would be re-recorded by Led Zeppelin as "Tangerine"). All were shelved at the band's request, but after Led Zeppelin became successful Epic tried to release the concert material as Live Yardbirds: Featuring Jimmy Page. The album was quickly withdrawn after Page's lawyers filed an injunction. The Yardbirds played their final shows on 31 May and 1 June at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and on 4 and 5 June at the Spring Fair at the Montgomery International Speedway in Alabama. The Los Angeles shows were documented in the bootleg release Last Rave-Up in L.A. The Yardbirds announced the departure of Relf and McCarty in a press release on 12 June ("Two Yardbirds Fly") and returned home to play one last show, on 7 July 1968, at the College of Technology in Luton, Bedfordshire, supported by the Linton Grae Sound. Rolling Stone magazine announced the break-up by saying that Page "intends to go into solo recording work". The Yardbirds, The New Yardbirds and Led Zeppelin Page and Dreja, with a tour of Scandinavia scheduled for late summer 1968, saw the break-up as an opportunity to put a new lineup together with Page as producer and Grant as manager. Page initially described his vision for the new band as "a new sort of collage of sound" that would include mellotron keyboard while still featuring the guitar. Procol Harum's B.J. Wilson, Paul Francis and session man Clem Cattini, who had guested on more than a few Yardbirds tracks under Most's supervision, were considered as drummers. Young vocalist and composer Terry Reid was asked to replace Relf but declined because of a new recording contract with Most and recommended the then-unknown Robert Plant. Plant, in turn, recommended his childhood friend John Bonham as a drummer. Bassist/keyboardist/arranger John Paul Jones – who had worked with Page on countless sessions, including several with the Yardbirds – approached Page and offered his services; Dreja bowed out to pursue a career as a rock photographer. Rehearsals began in mid-August 1968; in early September, Page's revised Yardbirds embarked as the New Yardbirds on the Scandinavian tour, after which the band returned to the UK to produce the debut Led Zeppelin album. While Page's new roster still played a few songs from the Yardbirds' canon – usually "Train Kept a-Rollin'," "Dazed and Confused" or "For Your Love" and snatches of Beck's "Shapes of Things" solo – a name (and identity) change was in order in October 1968. They appeared on contracts, promotional material, ticket stubs and other collateral as "The Yardbirds" or "The New Yardbirds" for three shows in October 1968, with the Marquee Club date reported as the Yardbirds' "farewell London appearance" and the Liverpool University show 19 Oct announced as the Yardbirds' "last ever appearance". This may have been motivated, at least in part, by a cease-and-desist order from Dreja, who claimed that he maintained legal rights to "The Yardbirds" name, although most sources indicate that Page and Grant fully intended to change the name after they returned from Scandinavia with or without the nudge from Dreja. From 19 October 1968 onwards, they were Led Zeppelin, the name taken from The Who bandmembers Moon and Entwistle's "lead balloon" discussion of the "supergroup" that had played on the "Beck's Bolero" sessions in May 1966. The spelling of "lead" was changed to avoid confusion over the pronunciation. This effectively marked the end of the Yardbirds for the next 24 years. After the Yardbirds Relf and McCarty formed an acoustic rock |
band called Together and then Renaissance, which recorded two albums for Island Records over a two-year period. McCarty formed the band Shoot in 1973. Relf, after producing albums for Medicine Head (with whom he also played bass) and Saturnalia, resurfaced in 1975 with a new quartet, Armageddon; a hybrid of heavy metal, hard rock and folk influences, which now included former Renaissance bandmate Louis Cennamo, drummer Bobby Caldwell (previously a member of Captain Beyond and Johnny Winter), and guitarist Martin Pugh (from Steamhammer, Rod Stewart's An Old Raincoat Won't Ever Let You Down, and most recently in 7th Order). They recorded one promising album before Relf died in an electrical accident in his home studio on 14 May 1976. In 1977, Illusion was formed, featuring a reunited lineup of the original Renaissance, including McCarty and Keith's sister Jane Relf. In the 1980s McCarty, Dreja and Samwell-Smith formed a short-lived but fun Yardbirds semi-reunion called Box of Frogs, which occasionally included Beck and Page plus various friends with whom they had all recorded over the years. They recorded two albums for Epic, the self-titled "Box of Frogs" (1984) and "Strange Land" (1986). McCarty was also part of 'The British Invasion All-Stars' with members of Procol Harum, The Creation, the Nashville Teens, the Downliners Sect and The Pretty Things. Phil May and Dick Taylor of the Pretty Things, together with McCarty, recorded two albums in Chicago as the Pretty Things-Yardbirds Blues Band – The Chicago Blues Tapes 1991 and Wine, Women, Whiskey, both produced by George Paulus. The Yardbirds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992. Nearly all the original surviving musicians who had been part of the band's heyday, including Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page, appeared at the ceremony. (Original lead guitarist Top Topham was not included.) Eric Clapton, whose Hall of Fame induction was the first of three, was unable to attend because of his obligations while recording and working on a show for the MTV Unplugged series. Accepting the induction on behalf of the late Keith Relf were his wife April and son Danny. Reformation In 1992, Peter Barton from Rock Artist Management contacted Jim McCarty about the prospect of reforming the Yardbirds. McCarty was interested but only if Chris Dreja would agree, but at the time he thought it highly unlikely that Dreja would want to tour again. Barton then contacted Dreja, who agreed to give it a try. Their debut gig was booked at the Marquee Club in London along with the newly reformed Animals. It was a great success. The lineup featured John Idan handling bass and lead vocals. Barton managed the band and booked all their dates for over a decade; he still works with the band on occasion. In 2003, a new album, Birdland, was released under the Yardbirds name on the Favored Nations label by a lineup including Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty and new members Gypie Mayo (lead guitar, backing vocals), John Idan (bass, lead vocals) and Alan Glen (harmonica, backing vocals), which consisted of a mixture of new material mostly penned by McCarty and re-recordings of some of their greatest hits, with guest appearances by Joe Satriani, Steve Vai, Slash, Brian May, Steve Lukather, Jeff "Skunk" Baxter, John Rzeznik, Martin Ditchum and Simon McCarty. Also, Jeff Beck reunited with his former bandmates on the song "My Blind Life". And then there was the rare and improbable guest appearance on stage in 2005 by their first guitarist from the 1960s, Top Topham. Since the release of Birdland, Mayo was replaced briefly by Jerry Donahue, and subsequently in 2005 |
by the then 20-year-old Ben King, while Glen has been replaced by Billy Boy Miskimmin from Nine Below Zero fame. In 2007 the Yardbirds released a live CD, recorded on 19 July 2006, entitled Live at B.B. King Blues Club (Favored Nations), featuring the McCarty, Dreja, Idan, King and Miskimmin line-up. The first episode of the 2007/08 season for The Simpsons featured the Yardbirds' "I'm A Man" from the CD Live at B.B. King Blues Club (Favored Nations). According to his website, Idan resigned from the Yardbirds in August 2008, although his last gig with them was on Friday 24 April 2009, when they headlined the first concert in the new Live Room venue at Twickenham rugby stadium. This was also Glen's last gig with the band after temporarily standing in when Miskimmin was unavailable. Idan and Glen were replaced by Andy Mitchell (lead vocals, harmonica, acoustic guitar) and David Smale (bass, backing vocals), brother of the virtuoso guitarist Jonathan Smale. Dreja sat out the US spring 2012 tour to recover from an illness. It was announced in 2013 that he was leaving the band for medical reasons and would be replaced by original Yardbirds guitarist Topham. McCarty announced in December 2014 that the current lineup of the Yardbirds had disbanded. He told fans in an email that he would be "working on solo ventures and other Yardbirds projects in 2015.” This has been proven to be untrue as the Yardbirds are on tour as of 2015. In May 2015 Topham left the band and was replaced by Earl Slick, though Slick never played a gig with the band. In August 2015, it was announced they would play the Eel Pie Club in Twickenham, west London on 17 October with a line-up of Jim McCarty, John Idan, Ben King, David Smale and Billyboy Miskimmin. On 12 August 2015, it was announced that Boston-based guitarist Johnny A. would become the newest member of the Yardbirds for their North American tour running from 30 October to 22 November 2015. Johnny A. continued to tour as The Yardbirds lead guitarist throughout 2016, 2017 and 2018 performing a total of 110 shows before departing. Johnny A.'s last show with The Yardbirds was on 23 June 2018 at The Egyptian Theater, Park City, Utah. Former Ram Jam harmonica player Myke Scavone joined the band at the end of 2015. On 15 April 2016, the band played at the Under the Bridge venue in London with a line-up of Jim McCarty, John Idan, Johnny A, Kenny Aaronson, and Billyboy Miskimmin. Godfrey Townsend replaces Johnny A in July 2018. Townsend had previously toured with John Entwistle, Alan Parsons and as musical director the past 10 years with the Happy Together tours. Musical style Along with John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, The Yardbirds were part of the British blues scene of the 1960s. As the blues rock genre developed, some acts like Chicken Shack were playing a louder and more aggressive style, while the Yardbirds emphasized instrumental textures and extended instrumental improvisations. They covered blues classics like Howlin' Wolf's Smokestack Lightning (1956) and Bo Diddley's I'm a Man (1955) which had a repetitive structure where instrumental solos were brief breaks between repetition of verses. The Yardbirds often extended these instrumental sections into "heavy jams". Members Current members Jim McCarty – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1963–1968, 1995–present) John Idan – lead vocals (1995–2009, 2015–present), lead guitar (1992–1994), bass (1994–2009), rhythm guitar (2015–present) Kenny Aaronson – bass (2015–present) Myke Scavone – harmonica, percussion, backing vocals (2015–present) Godfrey Townsend – lead guitar (2018–present) Discography Five Live Yardbirds (1964) For Your Love (1965) Having |
a Rave Up with The Yardbirds (1965) Roger the Engineer (1966) Little Games (1967) Birdland (2003) See also Freakbeat Swinging London References Citations Sources External links Category:British Invasion artists Category:British rhythm and blues boom musicians Category:Charly Records artists Category:English blues rock musical groups Category:Eric Clapton Category:Musical groups established in 1963 Category:Musical groups from London Category:British psychedelic rock music groups Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1968 Category:Musical groups reestablished in 1992 Category:Jimmy Page Category:Musical quintets |
Richard Fisch Richard Fisch (1926–2011) was an American psychiatrist best known for his pioneering work in brief therapy. Dick Fisch graduated from Colby College, studied for a year at Columbia University School of Anthropology, and then entered the New York Medical College where he graduated in 1954. Dr. Fisch completed a Psychiatric Residency at the Sheppard Pratt Health System, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center in 1958. While at Sheppard Pratt, he was heavily influenced by Harry Stack Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory of Behavior and had his first indirect contact with Don D. Jackson who would later bring him to the Mental Research Institute (MRI) in Palo Alto, CA. MRI "became the go-to place for any therapist who wanted to be on the cutting edge of psychotherapy research and practice. Fostering a climate of almost untrammeled experimentalism, MRI started the first formal training program in family therapy, produced some of the seminal early papers and books in the field, and became a place where some of the field's leading figures - Paul Watzlawick, Richard Fisch, Jules Riskin, Virginia Satir, Salvador Minuchin, R.D. Laing, Irvin D. Yalom, Cloe Madanes - came to work or just hang out". While at MRI, he additionally worked with John Weakland, Jay Haley, Paul Watzlawick, Virginia Satir, and many other prominent figures in the development of family therapy, brief therapy, systems theory and communication theory. In 1965, in a memo to Don Jackson, dated September 15, 1965, Fisch proposed creation of a research project that would "provide imaginative, well planned, brief therapy and at the same time permit a more thorough study if the effectiveness of this approach. With the backing of Don Jackson, MRI's Brief Therapy Center as founded by Fisch, John Weakland, Paul Watzlawick, and Art Bodin. The Brief Therapy Center was central to the emergence of Brief Therapy approaches that have radically changed the practice of psychotherapy. Publications Fisch, R. (1963). [Review of M. Grotjahn, Psychoanalysis and family neurosis.] Family Process. Fisch, R. (1964). Home visits in a private psychiatric practice. Family Process, 3, 114-126. Fisch, R. (1965). Resistance to change in the psychiatric community. Archives of General *Psychiatry, 13, 359-366. Fisch, R. (1975). The treatment of women with low sexual desire. In M. I. Lief (Ed.), Medical aspects of human sexuality. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. Fisch, R. (1977). Sometimes its better for the right hand not to know what the left hand is doing. In P. Papp (Ed.), Family therapy: Full length case studies. New York: Gardner Press. Fisch, R. (1978). [Review of J. Haley, Problem solving therapy.] Family Process, 17. Fisch, R. (1982). Erickson's impact on brief psychotherapy. In J. Zeig (Ed.), Ericksonian approaches to hypnosis and psychotherapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Fisch, R. (1988). Training in the brief therapy model. In H. A. Liddle (Ed.), Handbook of family therapy training and supervision. New York: Guilford Press. Fisch, R. (1989). I’ve had my share. In J. A. Kottler & D. S. Blau (Eds.), The imperfect therapist. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fisch, R. (1990). The broader implications of Milton H. Ericksons work. In S. Lankton (Ed.), Ericksonian Monographs,7. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Fisch, R. (1990). Problem solving psychotherapy. In J. Zeig & W. M. Munion (Eds.), What is psychotherapy? Contemporary perspectives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fisch, R. (1994). Basic elements in the brief therapies. In M. F. Hoyt (Ed.), Constructive therapies. New York: Guilford Press. Fisch, R. (1994). Case commentary: A woman with chronic anxiety. In S. Lankton & K. Erickson, (Eds.), The essence of a single session success: Ericksonian monographs, No. 9. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Fisch, R. (1994). The essence of Ericksonian methodsup for grabs. In J. |
K. Zeig (Ed.), Ericksonian methods: The essence of the story. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Fisch, R., Watzlawick, P., Weakland, J. H., & Bodin, A. M. (1972). On unbecoming family therapists. In A. Ferber, M. - Mendelsohn, & A. Napier (Eds.), The book of family therapy. New York: Science House. [Also in P. Watzlawick & J. H. Weakland (Eds.), The interactional view. New York: W. W. Norton, 1977.] Fisch, R., & Weakland, J. H. (1976). A case of hyperactivity resolved by brief psychotherapy. In D. M. Ross & S. A. Ross (Eds.), Hyperactivity: Research, theory and action. New York: John Wiley. Fisch, R., & Weakland, J. H. (1984). Cases that don't make sense: Brief strategic treatment in medical practice. Family Systems Medicine, 2(2), 125-136. Fisch, R., & Weakland, J. H. (1985). The strategic approach. In S. Henao & N. P. Grose (Eds.), Principles of family systems in family medicine. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Fisch, R., & Weakland, J. H. (1992). Brief therapyMRI style. In S. Budman, et al. (Eds.), The first session in brief therapy. New York: Guilford Press. Fisch, R., Weakland, J. H., Schlanger, K., & Watzlawick, P. (1992). El Mental Research Institute cumple 33 anos: Hacia donde va? Perspectivas Sistemicas, 5(21), 4-6. Fisch, R., Weakland, J. H., & Segal, L. (1982). The tactics of change: Doing therapy briefly. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. [Also in the following foreign editions: Change: La Tattiche del Cambiamento. Rome: Casa Editrice Astrolabio, 1983; La Tactica del Cambio. Barcelona: Editorial Herder, 1984; Tokyo: Kongo Shuppan, in press; Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, in press; Stockholm: Bokforlaget Naturoch Kultur, in press.] Fisch, R., Weakland, J., Watzlawick, P., Segal, L., Hoebel, F., & Deardorff, C. (1975). Learning brief therapy: an introductory manual. Palo Alto: Mental Research Institute. Fisch, R., deShazer, S., & Ray, W. (2000). A little friction can be fun: A dialogue between Richard *Fisch and Steve deShazer. (2 audiotape). The Hinks-Delcrest Institute, Toronto, Canada. Fisch, R., Ray, W., & Schlanger, K. (1996). MRI Then & Now: Brief Therapy in Context. (2 audiotapes). AAMFT Convention Tapes Ray, W., & Fisch, R. (1995). On John Weakland (With Richard Fisch). AAMFT Family Therapy News, 26 (5), October,5 Schlanger, K., Weakland, J., Fisch, R., & Watzlawick, P. (1992). MRI: con 30 años de historia, adónde va? Perspectivas sistémicas, April/May, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Watzlawick, P., Weakland, J. H., & Fisch, R. (1974). Change: Principles of problem formation and problem resolution. New York: W. W. Norton. [Also the following foreign editions: Lösungen; zur Theorie und Praxis menschlichen Wandels. Bern, Stuttgart & Vienna: Hans Huber Medical Publisher, 1974 (2nd ed., 1979); Change. Sulla formazione e la soluzione dei problemi. Rome: Astrolabio, 1974; Het kan anders. Over het onderkennen en oplossen van menselijke problemen. Deventer (Holland): Van Loghum Slaterus, 1974; Changements. Paradoxes et psychothérapie.Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1974; Cambio. Formación y solución de los problemas humanos. Barcelona: Editorial Herder, 1976; Mudança: Principios de formacão e resolucão de problemas. São Paulo: Editorial Cultrix, 1977;Forandring: Att stalla och losa problem. Stockholm: Natur & Kultur, 1978; Muutoksen avaimet. Jyväskylä (Finland): Gummerus, 1979; Shinui: Ekronot shel yetzirat beayot ufitrona. Tel-Aviv: Sifriat Poalim, 1979;Forandring: Prinsipper for hvordan problemer oppstar og hvordan de loses. Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1980; Valtozas. Budapest: Gondolat, 1990; Henka no genri. Tokyo: Hosei University Press, 1992.] Watzlawick, P., Weakland, J., & Fisch, J. (1974). Change: Principles of Problem Formation & Problem Resolution, 1974,NY: W.W. Norton. Fisch, R., Weakland, J., & Segal, L. (1982). The Tactics of Change Doing Therapy Briefly, 1982, San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass. Fisch, R., Weakland, J., Watzlawick, P., & Bodin, A. (1972). On Unbecoming Family Therapists, (With R. Fisch, P.Watzlawick, & A. Bodin) in The Book of |
Family Therapy, pp. 597–617. Weakland, Fisch, R., Watzlawick, P., & Bodin, A. (1974). Brief Therapy: Focused Problem Resolution (with R. Fisch, P.Watzlawick & A. Bodin), Family Process, 13, 141-168. Weakland, J., & Fisch, R. (1976). Brief Therapy (With R. Fisch), in Hyperactivity: Research, Theory & Action, D. Ross & S. Ross, Eds. NY: Wiley, pp. 176–182. Weakland, J., Fisch, R., Watzlawick, P. (1984). Kurztherapie: Ein umfassender Ansatz, in Das Buch der Familientherapie, ed. by Martin R. Textor. Fachbuchhandlung fur Psychologie, Frankfurt, pp. 50–64. Weakland, J. & Fisch, R. (1984). Cases that Don't Make Sense: Brief Strategic Treatment in Medical Practice (with R.Fisch), Family Systems Medicine, (2) 2, 125-136. Fisch, R., Weakland, J., Watzlawick, P., & Schlanger, K. (1992). El Mental Research Institute cumple años: hacia donde va? Perspectivas Sistemicas (Buenos Aires), (5) 21, 4-6. Fisch, R., & Weakland, J. (1992). Brief Therapy − MRI Style (with R. Fisch). In The First Session in Brief Therapy, S. Budman, M. Hoyt, & S. Friedman, eds., NY, Guilford Publications, pp. 306–323. Bavelas, J., Weakland, J., Haley, J., Fisch, R., & Wilder, C. (1998). A conversation about beginnings, in W. Ray, & S.deShazer (Eds.), Evolving Brief Therapies, Iowa City: IA: Geist & Russell, 1998, pp. 3–43. Notes External links https://web.archive.org/web/20070416091816/http://www.mri.org/dondjackson/ Official Website http://www.mri.org Category:1920 births Category:2011 deaths Category:American psychiatrists Category:Family therapists Category:American systems scientists Category:Communication theorists Category:20th-century American physicians |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine () is the Ukrainian government authority that oversees the foreign relations of Ukraine. Historical overlook Originally the Ministry was established as the General Secretariat of Nationalities as part of the General Secretariat of Ukraine and was headed by the federalist Serhiy Yefremov. Due to the Soviet intervention the office was reformed into a ministry on December 22, 1917. About the same time another government was formed, the Soviet, that proclaimed the Ukrainian government to be counter-revolutionary. The Ukrainian Soviet government also reorganized its office on March 1, 1918. In 1923 the office was liquidated by the government of Soviet Union and reinstated in 1944, twenty years later. The first Soviet representatives were not much of a notice until the appointment of the Bulgarian native Christian Rakovsky in 1919. General overview The ministry is located in Ukraine's capital Kiev in the city's historic uppertown district, located in close proximity to the recently rebuilt St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery. The building of the ministry is also located on the Mykhailiv Square, named for the monastery and next to the park Volodymyrska Hill. The nomination of the Foreign Minister is done by the President of Ukraine, unlike most nominations of Cabinet Minister which are done by the Prime Minister of Ukraine. All minister nominations have to be approved by the Ukrainian Parliament. Vadym Prystaiko is the current Minister. Office of National Commission of Ukraine For UNESCO Ukraine has been a member of UNESCO since May 12, 1954. From December 1962 Ukraine had established its permanent representation in the organization currently served by the Ambassador of Ukraine to France. The National Commission of Ukraine for UNESCO was created as part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by the Presidential decree #212/1996 on March 26, 1996. The Chair of the National Commission of Ukraine for UNESCO is Sergiy Kyslytsya. The permanent representative of Ukraine to UNESCO is the Ambassador to France Kostyantyn Volodymyrovych Tymoshenko. Ukraine has 14 academic departments cooperating with UNESCO as well as 63 schools associated with the organization. List of Ministers Officials before 1924 General Secretary of Nationalities (June 28 - December 22, 1917) Serhiy Yefremov (Socialist-Federalist) (June 28 - July 17, 1917) Oleksandr Shulhin (Socialist-Federalist) (July 17 - December 22, 1917) People's Secretary of Nationalities (December 14, 1917 - March 1, 1918) Sergei Bakinsky (Bolshevik) (December 14, 1917 - March 1, 1918) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (December 22, 1917 - May 1920) Oleksandr Shulhin (Socialist-Federalist) (December 22, 1917 - January 24, 1918) Vsevolod Holubovych (Socialist-Revolutionary) (January 24 - March 3, 1918) Mykola Liubynsky (Socialist-Revolutionary) (March 3 - April 28, 1918) Mykola Vasylenko (Association of Ukrainian Progressionists) (April 30 - May 20, 1918) Dmytro Doroshenko (Socialist-Federalist) (May 20 - November 14, 1918) Georgiy Afanasyev (November 14 - December 14, 1918) Volodymyr Chekhivsky (Ukrainian Menshevik) (December 26, 1918 - February 11, 1919) Kostiantyn Matsiyevych (February 13 - March 1919) Volodymyr Temnytsky (Social Democrat) (April - August 1919) Andriy Livytskyi (Ukrainian Menshevik) (August 1919 - May 1920) People's Secretaries of Foreign Affairs (March 1, 1918 - July 1923) Volodymyr Zatonsky (Bolshevik) (March 1–4, 1918) Mykola Skrypnyk (Bolshevik) (March 8 - April 18, 1918) Christian Rakovsky (Bolshevik) (January - July 1919) Christian Rakovsky (Bolshevik) (March 1920 - July 1923) State Secretaries of Foreign Affairs of Western Ukraine (November 1918 - February 1923) Vasyl Paneiko (National Democrat) (November 1918 - January 1919) Lonhyn Tsehelsky (National Democrat) (January - February 1919) Mykhailo Lozynsky (March - April 1919) Stepan Vytvytskyi (National Democrat) (April 1919 - February 1920) Kost Levytsky (National Democrat) (1920 - February 1923) Officials after |
World War II People's Commissars of Foreign Affairs Oleksandr Korniychuk (February - July 1944) Dmitry Manuilsky (July 1944 - March 15, 1946) Ministers of Foreign Affairs Dmitry Manuilsky (March 15, 1946 - 1952) Anatoliy Baranovsky (June 10, 1952 - June 17, 1953) Luka Palamarchuk (June 17, 1953 - May 11, 1954) Luka Palamarchuk (May 11, 1954 - August 13, 1965) Dmytro Bilokolos (March 16, 1966 - June 11, 1970) Georgiy Shevel (August 10, 1970 - November 18, 1980) Volodymyr Martynenko (November 18, 1980 - December 28, 1984) Volodymyr Kravets (December 28, 1984 - July 27, 1990) Anatoliy Zlenko (July 27, 1990 - August 24, 1991) Ministers of Foreign Affairs (post-Soviet) Anatoliy Zlenko (August 24, 1991 - August 25, 1994) Hennadiy Udovenko (August 25, 1994 - September 16, 1994) Hennadiy Udovenko (September 16, 1994 - April 17, 1998) Borys Tarasiuk (April 17, 1998 - September 29, 2000) Anatoliy Zlenko (October 2, 2000 - September 2, 2003) Kostyantyn Gryshchenko (September 2, 2003 - February 3, 2005) Borys Tarasiuk (February 4, 2005 - December 1, 2006) Borys Tarasiuk (December 5, 2006 - January 30, 2007) Volodymyr Ohryzko (January 31, 2007 - March 21, 2007) Arseniy Yatseniuk (March 21, 2007 - December 18, 2007) Volodymyr Ohryzko (December 18, 2007 - March 3, 2009) Petro Poroshenko (October 9, 2009 - March 11, 2010) Kostyantyn Gryshchenko (March 11, 2010 - December 24, 2012) Leonid Kozhara (December 24, 2012 - February 23, 2014) Andrii Deshchytsia (February 27, 2014 - June 19, 2014) Pavlo Klimkin (June 19, 2014 - 29 August 2019) Vadym Prystaiko (29 August 2019 - ) See also Diplomatic missions of Ukraine List of national leaders of Ukraine Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations References External links Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine on YouTube Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine on Facebook Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine on VK Foreign affairs Category:Foreign relations of Ukraine Ukraine Category:National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine Foreign Affairs |
Farman A.2 __NOTOC__ The Farman F.160 A.2 (sometimes referred only as the A.2 from the French military specification A = reconnaissance 2 = two-seater) was a 1920s French sesquiplane designed as a military reconnaissance and observation aircraft. Only one was built. Development The open-cockpit tandem two-seat sesquiplane was displayed at the 1924 Paris Salon de l'Aeronautique. It was designed to minimise drag and the wide-chord wing was faired into the top of the fuselage and the aircraft was carefully faired. The aircraft did not meet performance expectations and was scrapped, and the F.160 designation was reused for a biplane bomber developed from the Farman F.60 Goliath. Specifications References Notes Bibliography Category:1920s French military reconnaissance aircraft A.2 Category:Sesquiplanes |
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12) The twelfth season of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit premiered in the United States on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) on September 22, 2010, and concluded on May 18, 2011. This was the first season that the show did not air alongside the original Law & Order. Episodes initially aired on Wednesdays between 9pm/8c and 10pm/9c Eastern except for the season premiere which aired from 9pm/8c to 11pm/10c. After the winter hiatus, SVU returned with another two-hour showing on January 5, 2011, before the broadcast time switched to the 10pm/9c time slot the following week. At the end of the season, Neal Baer resigned his position as showrunner. After the season finale, Christopher Meloni, BD Wong, and Tamara Tunie left the principal cast. Production For the first eleven years of Law & Order: SVU, the set had been located in New Jersey, at NBC's Central Archives building in North Bergen. Faced with losing the state's 20 percent tax incentive, the show moved to New York City into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that was occupied by the original Law & Order series. After the fourth episode of the season, the original New Jersey set was no longer used. Outdoor filming was halted on January 26, 2011, due to a blizzard. Production resumed in the Chelsea Piers studio. This season's third episode focused on an investigation involving a rape kit, which took Detective Olivia Benson (Hargitay) from New York City to Los Angeles to meet Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Rex Winters (Skeet Ulrich). The episode was shot while Hargitay was in Los Angeles for the Primetime Emmy Awards in August 2010, and aired September 29, before the Law & Order: LA premiere on NBC. Neal Baer left Law & Order: SVU at the end of the season, after serving eleven years (seasons 2–12) as showrunner. He chose not to renew his NBC contract, instead signing a three–year deal with CBS Studios. Cast changes and returning characters Australian newspaper Courier-Mail reported in February 2010 that season twelve would be Christopher Meloni's last, after his comment to the reporter that "I think 12 years is enough, a good number" was misunderstood. Meloni later clarified that, at the time, he had one year left on his contract and the show had not been picked up. He also said "[i]t wasn't [the reporter's] fault", and that he would continue on the show as long as it is picked up. When asked in an interview if Mariska Hargitay could envision doing the show without him, she said, "Oh man, it breaks my heart to even think about it. I just love that man and I love acting with him, and I think it's our chemistry that makes the show what it is. So I don't even want to think about it". On April 12, 2010, NBC officially picked up SVU for a twelfth season with Meloni and Hargitay returning as part of the one-year deal they struck with NBC before production began on season 11, which included an option for a second year. The two started shooting new episodes in June and July 2010. Hargitay expressed interest in her character having a baby this season, saying, "A boyfriend! A baby! I don't even have to get married. I just want a baby! Give me a baby!". On June 23, 2010, Michael Ausiello reported that Paula Patton was in "advanced talks" to join the show, as a permanent ADA. TV Guide later confirmed that Patton would play Assistant District Attorney Mikka Von in multiple episodes, |
beginning with the fifth episode. She was set to fill the ADA slot left vacant by both Stephanie March (Alexandra Cabot) and guest star Sharon Stone (Jo Marlowe). Patton appeared in a single episode, but dropped out to film Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol. Her role was replaced by Melissa Sagemiller as ADA Gillian Hardwicke. Sagemiller and Mariska Hargitay previously worked together on the SVU season one episode "Russian Love Poem", in which Sagemiller played a victim. "There's something in my past, a personal connection that we have, something that she did for me and a family member who she helped out ... She's not aware of it yet [but] it becomes revealed in the next several episodes", Sagemiller said. ADA Hardwicke's background was never revealed. Her personality, Sagemiller says, is front and center. "She's tough ... she has a heart, she just gets what she wants." Sagemiller also added, "She sticks to the letter of the law, sometimes to a fault, but in the end I think she always does the right thing". Christine Lahti returned as EADA Sonya Paxton in the ninth episode "Gray". Paxton, previously exposed as an alcoholic in season 11, had apparently conquered her drinking problem. Baer told TVGuide.com, "She has a huge scene where she faces off with Stabler". Her character was later killed in the seventeenth episode. Diane Neal returned as ADA Casey Novak for the episode "Reparations". Neal had previously made her last appearance in the ninth-season finale, in which her character was censured for violating due process in a rape case. Cast Main cast Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson Richard Belzer as Sergeant John Munch Ice-T as Detective Fin Tutuola BD Wong as Dr. George Huang Tamara Tunie as ME Dr. Melinda Warner Dann Florek as Captain Don Cragen Special guest star Diane Neal as ADA Casey Novak (Episode 21) Recurring cast Guest stars Henry Ian Cusick played a graphic artist named Erik Weber in the first two episodes. Joan Cusack played the mother of two missing girls in the first episode. Jennifer Love Hewitt played a rape victim afraid to leave her house in the episode "Behave". Baer told TVGuide.com, "One of the reasons we wanted to do this episode is because it addresses Mariska Hargitay's passion for rape kits, which can help gather evidence to convict the rapists. But for some reason these kits have been sitting around unopened in cities all over the country." Skeet Ulrich guest-starred in the same episode as his Law & Order: LA character, Detective Rex Winters. Gloria Reuben guest starred as US Attorney Christine Danielson in the fourth episode "Merchandise", in which the death of a girl who was struck by a car reveals a child trafficking and slavery ring. Baer said of her appearance, "We're bringing back characters we love this season." David Krumholtz guest starred in the fifth episode "Wet" with actress Rosemary Harris. Krumholtz played an expert on toxic mushrooms who is involved in the same murder investigation that involved Harris' character. Paula Patton, who was originally cast in the role of ADA, also makes a guest appearance as ADA Mikka Von. In the episode, her character is fired because she sent a defense attorney on vacation in order to give the detectives more time in finding who actually committed the murder. In the sixth episode "Branded", Michael Gladis and Kevin Alejandro played two of a trio of rape victims. "They have been branded and sodomized by someone", revealed Baer, who said the show posed the questions, "is there a connection between these |
men, and what nut case is on the loose?" David Alan Grier played defense attorney Jeremy Swift. Jason Wiles also joined Gladis, Alejandro, and Grier in the episode. Wiles played Alexander Gammon, who becomes a rapist's target. Maria Bello appeared in the season's seventh episode "Trophy" as Vivian Arliss. After identifying an ex-convict as the prime suspect for the rape and murder of a girl, Benson discovers that Arliss' mother was raped by the same man. Arliss leaves her son Calvin (Charlie Tahan) in Benson's custody to find the boy's father. She later appeared in tenth episode "Rescue". Marcia Gay Harden returned in the season's eighth episode "Penetration" as FBI Agent Dana Lewis. Agent Lewis is raped while undercover, and her rapist has a connection to one of her previous undercover operations in "Raw". Drea de Matteo guest starred as Sondra in the eleventh episode "Pop", as a pregnant battered wife whose abuser also beats her son from another marriage. Matteo said in an interview that she had not read the script prior to accepting the role and explained that, "I just knew that they wanted me to do something on the show and I'm a fan of the show, I was really excited to be on this show. This is like a New York staple. It's part of our culture here". Olympia Dukakis also guest-starred in that episode as an attorney named Debby Marsh, who is hired to represent the son (Al Calderon) of Sondra. Taryn Manning guest starred in the twelfth episode, "Possessed", portraying a woman who years earlier had been coerced into porn. Peyton List also guest starred as the young version of Taryn Manning's onscreen character, Larissa Welsh. They filmed scenes in December 2010. Jeremy Irons guest starred in "Mask" as Dr. Cap Jackson, a sex therapist who runs a sex addiction rehab clinic. "We're elated to work with an actor of Jeremy's caliber", Baer said. "He brings depth, intelligence and charisma to all his varied roles and we couldn't be luckier to have him guest-star on SVU." A.J. Cook guest starred in the same episode as Irons, and Cook portrayed OBGYN Debbie Shields, the lesbian lover of the daughter of Irons' character. Baer mentioned that "[h]er character is brutally attacked." Shohreh Aghdashloo guest starred as Detective Saliyah "Sunny" Qadri, an employee of the Brooklyn DA's office in the episode "Dirty". Colm Feore played a wealthy sexual predator named Jordan Hayes in the episode "Flight". Feore said of his character: "Harder is the psychology of a guy who gets his kicks from taking advantage of young women, girls really to be brutally honest. [It's tough] asking yourself what kind of a guy it is who needs to satisfy his desires, such as they are, with innocence". Debra Messing guest starred in the episode, "Pursuit", as a TV journalist who becomes the target of a stalker. Baer described her character as "[a] ballsy television journalist who sets out to nail pedophiles". LuAnn de Lesseps played a socialite who makes a gruesome discovery in the episode, "Bully". Executive producer Dan Truly described her character as a "slightly deranged, out of control artist". For her role, she had to pose semi-nude, for which she said she felt comfortable doing as it was "tasteful". The episode also featured guest appearances from Kate Burton and opera singer Renée Fleming. Rose McGowan guest starred as another kind of temptress in the episode "Bombshell". Baer said, "Rose plays a grifter named Cassandra who strikes swinging men who frequent sex clubs. And we're very excited to have her." Ryan Hurst also guest starred. Elizabeth |
Mitchell, signed for a "horrifying" guest role in the episode "Totem". She guest starred alongside returning guest star Jeremy Irons, who appeared earlier in the season as Dr. Cap Jackson. Elizabeth played an unmarried piano teacher who was the last person to see one of her students alive. For the first time, the series dealt with a case in which a woman is suspected of sexually assaulting and murdering a child. Because of the rarity of this offense, Dr. Jackson is called in to consult with Benson and Stabler because he has studied women who have committed this type of crime. Diane Neal, who portrayed ADA Casey Novak from the fifth season until the end of the ninth season, reprised her role for the episode "Reparations" along with Law & Order: LA actor Terrence Howard, whose character (DDA Joe Dekker) comes to New York to defend his cousin. This episode was the second crossover-episode with Law & Order: LA of the season. Lori Singer played Dede, a mother whose baby is kidnapped in the episode "Bang". John Stamos guest starred in the same episode playing an adoption attorney with a secret passion. Rita Wilson played Bree Mazelon, the protective mother of a teen (Sterling Beaumon) under investigation in the episode, "Delinquent". Episodes References External links Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Season 12 at TVGuide.com Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Season 12 at TV.com Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Season 12 – TV IV Season 12 episodes at IMDb.com Category:2010 American television seasons Category:2011 American television seasons 12 |
Lava Lake Institute for Science and Conservation The Lava Lake Institute for Science and Conservation is a not-for-profit organization with a mission to increase scientific knowledge and advance conservation in the Pioneer Mountains (Idaho) and Craters of the Moon National Monument region of south-central Idaho. The Institute is engaged in research and conservation projects. Founding The Institute was established in 2004 by Brian and Kathleen Bean, owners of Lava Lake Ranch who had conducted research and habitat restoration projects on their own deeded and leased public lands. As their own conservation programs increased in size and scope, they recognized the need for an independent non-profit that would promote and conduct scientific research and implement more ambitious conservation projects throughout the region. Projects The major project areas of the Lava Lake Institute include land conservation, scientific research, education, and collaboration with partners. Examples of the Institute's work include: Initiated study of pronghorn migration in the Pioneer Mountains - Craters of the Moon landscape with multiple partners. In partnership with BLM and other entities, initiated and supported ecological inventories and experimental research conducted by independent scientists. Established Lava Lake Research Fund to formalize commitment to supporting scientific research. Conducted a workshop and lecture program with ethno-botanist Gary Paul Nabhan for local community leaders, ranchers and educators to address conservation issues related to local food production. Conducted outreach and education efforts to inform students, scientists, and natural resource management professionals about our work. Developed relationships and partnerships with non-profit organizations dedicated to conservation (The Nature Conservancy, Wood River Land Trust, Idaho Conservation League, The Conservation Fund, Sawtooth Science Institute), professional scientists (University of Idaho, Idaho State University, New Mexico State University, Princeton University, Brigham Young University- Idaho), and land managers (Bureau of Land Management, United States Forest Service, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, National Park Service). Developed GIS database to house and make use of ecological data generated through inventory efforts and scientific research. References Category:Non-profit organizations based in Idaho Category:Conservation organizations based in the United States |
Jay Cutler (bodybuilder) Jason Isaac Cutler (born August 3, 1973) is an American IFBB professional bodybuilder. He is a four-time Mr. Olympia winner (2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010). Biography Cutler worked in his brother's concrete construction business, Cutler Bros. Concrete, from the age of 11. He began training when he was 18 years old as a senior at Wachusett Regional High School. He graduated from Quinsigamond Community College in 1993 with a degree in criminal justice, intending to work as a corrections officer for a maximum security prison. He was inspired to enter bodybuilding after meeting personal trainer Marcos Rodriguez. Cutler excelled in bodybuilding, desiring to be one of the largest competitors ever, and took his first overall win in 1993 at the Iron Bodies Invitational. His first contest was the 1992 Gold's Gym Worcester Bodybuilding Championships, at which he took second place. As he established a name for himself in the bodybuilding scene, he often appeared in bodybuilding-related videos including Battle for the Olympia 2001, a pre-contest documentary video directed by Mitsuru Okabe that highlighted many competitors as they prepared for the 2001 Mr. Olympia Competition. He went on to win consecutive Arnold Classic titles in 2002, 2003, and 2004, and placed second to Ronnie Coleman in the Mr. Olympia competition four times before claiming the title for the first time in 2006. At the 2001 Mr. Olympia, Cutler tested positive for banned diuretics, but sued and had his second-place finish reinstated. Cutler won the Olympia for a second consecutive year in 2007. He became the third Mr. Olympia in history (after Arnold Schwarzenegger and Franco Columbu) to win the title in non-consecutive years after defeating the reigning champion Dexter Jackson in 2009. In 2010, he won his fourth Mr. Olympia title, defeating Phil Heath. In 2011, Cutler was runner-up to Heath at the Mr. Olympia. In 2012, Cutler was unable to compete at the Mr. Olympia due to a biceps injury. Cutler competed in the 2013 Olympia and placed 6th. Cutler has since focused on his business venture, Cutler Nutrition, which specializes in bodybuilding nutritional supplements, in addition to his social media presence. Personal life Cutler resides in Las Vegas, Nevada. He has been featured on the cover of several fitness magazines such as Muscle and Fitness, Flex, and Muscular Development. Stats Height: Off Season Weight: Competition Weight: Upper Arm Size: Chest Size: Thigh Size: Waist Size: Calf Size: Bodybuilding titles 1993 NPC Iron Bodies Invitational – Teenage & Men's Middleweight 1993 NPC Teen Nationals – Middleweight 1995 NPC U.S. Tournament of Champions – Men's Middleweight and Overall 2000 IFBB Night of Champions 2002 Arnold Classic 2003 Arnold Classic 2003 Ironman Pro Invitational 2003 San Francisco Pro Invitational 2003 Dutch Grand Prix. 2003 British Grand Prix 2004 Arnold Classic 2006 Austrian Grand Prix 2006 Romanian Grand Prix 2006 Dutch Grand Prix 2006 Mr. Olympia 2007 Mr. Olympia 2009 Mr. Olympia 2010 Mr. Olympia Competitive placings 1992 Gold Gym Worcester Bodybuilding Championships – 2nd 1996 NPC Nationals, 1st place Heavyweight (earned IFBB pro card) 1998 IFBB Night of Champions – 11th 1999 Arnold Schwarzenegger Classic – 4th 1999 IFBB Ironman Pro Invitational – 3rd 1999 Mr. Olympia – 14th 2000 English Grand Prix – 2nd 2000 Joe Weider's World Pro Cup – 2nd 2000 Mr. Olympia – 8th 2000 Mr. Olympia Rome – 2nd 2001 Mr. Olympia – 2nd 2003 Mr. Olympia – 2nd 2003 Russian Grand Prix – 2nd 2003 GNC Show of Strength – 2nd 2004 Mr. Olympia – 2nd 2005 Mr. Olympia – 2nd 2006 Mr. Olympia – 1st 2007 Mr. Olympia – 1st 2008 Mr. |
Olympia – 2nd 2009 Mr. Olympia – 1st 2010 Mr. Olympia – 1st 2011 Mr. Olympia – 2nd 2011 Sheru Classic – 2nd 2013 Mr. Olympia – 6th DVDs Jay Cutler – A Cut Above (Filmed in 1999, released in 2002) Jay Cutler – New Improved and Beyond (2004) Jay Cutler – Ripped to Shreds (2005) Jay Cutler – One Step Closer (2006) Jay Cutler – From Jay to Z (2008) Jay Cutler – Undisputed (2010) Jay Cutler – The Ultimate Beef: A Massive Life in Bodybuilding (2010) Jay Cutler – My House (2011) Jay Cutler – Living Large (2013) Books CEO MUSCLE – Jay Cutler's No Nonsense Guide To Successful Bodybuilding See also List of male professional bodybuilders References External links JayCutler.com – official site | colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| Mr. Olympia |- | style="width:50%; text-align:center;"| Preceded by:Dexter Jackson | style="width:30%; text-align:center;"| Succeeded by:Phil Heath Category:American bodybuilders Category:1973 births Category:Living people Category:Professional bodybuilders Category:People from Sterling, Massachusetts |
Earth's Children {{Infobox Novel series | name = Earth's Children | image = | image_caption = | books = 'Volumes:The Clan of the Cave BearThe Valley of HorsesThe Mammoth HuntersThe Plains of PassageThe Shelters of StoneThe Land of Painted Caves | author = Jean M. Auel | country = United States | language = English | genre = epic novelhistorical fictionspeculative fiction | publisher = | pub_date = 1980-2011 | media_type = Print (hardback & paperback) | pages = | preceded_by = }}Earth's Children is a series of epic historical fiction novels written by Jean M. Auel set circa 30,000 years before present. There are six novels in the series. Auel had previously mentioned in interviews that there would be a seventh novel, but publicity announcements for the sixth confirmed it would be the final book in the sequence. The series is set in Europe during the Upper Paleolithic era, after the date of the first ceramics discovered, but before the last advance of glaciers. The books focus on the period of co-existence between Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals. As a whole, the series is a tale of personal discovery: coming-of-age, invention, cultural complexities, and, beginning with the second book, explicit romantic sex. It tells the story of Ayla, an orphaned Cro-Magnon girl who is adopted and raised by a tribe of Neanderthals and who later embarks on a journey to find the Others (her own kind), meeting along the way her romantic interest and supporting co-protagonist, Jondalar. The story arc in part comprises a travel tale, in which the two lovers journey from the region of Ukraine to Jondalar's home in what is now France, along an indirect route up the Danube River valley. In the third and fourth works, they meet various groups of Cro-Magnons and encounter their culture and technology. The couple finally return to southwestern France and Jondalar's people in the fifth novel. The series includes a highly detailed focus on botany, herbology, herbal medicine, archaeology and anthropology, but it also features substantial amounts of romance, coming-of-age crises, and—employing significant literary license—the attribution of certain advances and inventions to the protagonists. In addition, Auel's series incorporates a number of recent archeological and anthropological theories. It also suggested the notion of Sapiens-Neanderthal interbreeding. The author's treatment of unconventional sexual practices (which are central to her hypothesized nature-centered religions) has earned the series a top twenty place on the American Library Association's list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–1999. The books The Clan of the Cave Bear The first book, The Clan of the Cave Bear was released in September 1980 and is a story of personal development set in pre-historic southern Europe during the current Ice Age but before the last glacial period. It introduces the reader to a wide variety of diverse topics, including herbal medicine and anthropological-archeological reasoning. The book introduces Ayla, a young girl belonging to the titular clan who looks nothing like her peers, especially with her long, golden hair. The Valley of Horses The Valley of Horses was released in September 1982. Ayla, cast out of the Clan, has been forced to follow the advice given her in the first book by her dying foster-mother Iza. She goes in search of "the Others"—that is, people like herself: European Cro-Magnon Homo sapiens, or early-modern humans, returned west and north to Europe after an incubation period of tens of millennia in the near and far east. The Mammoth Hunters The third book in the series, The Mammoth Hunters, was released in fall 1985. It details Ayla's personal growth as she learns to cope |
with a society of widely disparate individuals and their unpredictable behaviors, mysterious motivations, and habits. The Plains of Passage The Plains of Passage was released in November 1990. Ayla and Jondalar travel west, back to Zelandonii territory, encountering dangers from both nature and humans along the way. Her interactions often force the people around her to take a broader view and be more accepting of new ideas. The Shelters of Stone The Shelters of Stone was released on 30 April 2002. Ayla and Jondalar reach the Ninth Cave of the Zelandonii, Jondalar's home, and prepare to marry and have a child. Unfortunately, nothing is ever simple, especially for a woman with Ayla's background. The Land of Painted Caves The Land of Painted Caves, a sixth and final installment in the Earth Children's series was published on March 29, 2011. Author Jean M. Auel is quoted in September 2010 saying that in the book Ayla is now about 25 years old and training to become a spiritual leader of the Zelandonii. Her training includes a series of harrowing journeys. The setting Since the stories take place during the Würm glaciation, populations are small in number and are surviving mostly in hunter-gatherer fashion. Prior to the discovery of metals, the primary materials used for tools are leather, wood, bone, horn, and flint. People In Auel's series, two cultures vie for resources, space, and survival: the Clan, which is what Neanderthals call themselves, and the Cro-Magnons (whom Ayla, with her Clan upbringing, generally refers to as "The Others"). The races are fairly different in culture, society and technology, but with some overlap: both depend on flint for their tools; both recognize the importance of fire and use it; both hunt and gather. Physiologically, the Clan are heavier and broader but also shorter than the people of The Others. They are very slow to embrace change and to innovate, and they still chase after animals to spear them directly, whereas the Cro-Magnons are enthusiastic about innovation and have moved on to projectile spears. The Clan's tools, clothing, and household implements are similarly less refined and sometimes less effective than those of their Cro-Magnon counterparts, whose implements and other goods are more technologically sophisticated. The Clan's reluctance to change is depicted by Auel as a function of their cognition; they are presented as dependent upon their racial-genetic memory. The average Clan child needs only be 'reminded' of a thing to know it permanently, though skilled tasks still require repetitive practice. Furthermore, the need to encode everything into a child's brain has increased the average Neanderthal head size to the point that, by the time of the first novel, women of the Clan are having trouble giving birth to their large-headed babies—a sign that their evolutionary strategy has run its course. The "Flatheads", as "The Others" pejoratively call the Neanderthals (owing to their distinctive back-sloping foreheads), also have a far more limited vocal repertoire than The Others, and largely communicate instead via a gestural sign language, although spoken words are sometimes used to add emphasis to the gestures. Auel describes this language as being quite nuanced, especially as bodily posture, facial expression and other physical actions — in short, body language — can expedite and expand upon the basic vocabulary of the hand signals. A Cro-Magnon observing Ayla demonstrating a translation characterizes the language as dancelike and elegant. For this reason, Clan members are highly adept at reading body language and cannot be deceived by lying; while one can spell an untruth with one's hands, one's posture will give it away. Consequently, the idea of telling |
an untruth is alien to Clan culture, a fact that Ayla needs time to conceptualize and understand. However, a Clan member can "refrain from mentioning" something she would prefer other people did not know, even though residual clues would probably reveal that something was being concealed. Cultural conventions, Auel suggests, would cause other Clan members to ignore the concealment out of sheer courtesy, though, again, Ayla has trouble grasping this concept. Finally, the wider Clan possesses not only a colloquial, everyday "localized" language, but also a more formal "ancient" or "spirit language," used to converse with ancestors and understood by every Clan member, anywhere. This language facilitates easy communication at inter-regional meetings of normally separated groups and does not require the multilingualism that the Others must acquire. This "spirit language" has no spoken words apart from personal names, and its users generally refer to themselves in the third person. In Auel's context, our human ancestors, The Cro-Magnon "Others," generally look upon the "Flatheads" as animals, hardly better than bears (the lack of vocal language is a primary factor in this verdict). The Clan, for their part, seem to have no strong opinions about the Others other than considering their spoken language as babbling and a sign of their lack of intellect. Otherwise, they have concluded it is best simply to avoid the Cro-Magnon men. Accurate to current DNA evidence, Auel depicts Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals as able to interbreed. The mixed-race children are generally not favorably regarded by either group. As in many historical cultures, malformed Clan children are routinely subjected to exposure, while the Others may allow such children to live but prejudicially label them as 'abominations'. Such children and their experiences enter the plotline in several books of the series. "Children of mixed spirits", as the Cro-Magnons call them, are mis-matched combinations of both Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal phenotypes physiologically as they are genetic hybrids, with some traits (like facial features) appearing blurred or distorted when compared side-by-side. Of the five mixed-race people depicted in the series, only one has had the restricted vocal range of the Clan (Rydag, from The Mammoth Hunters), and all but one has been seen using Clan sign language, the sole exception being the difficult and disconsolate self-loathing Brukeval (who is in clear psychological denial about his ancestry), in The Shelters of Stone.The vocal range of one of the mixed-race persons is as of yet unknown because she was only a baby when we meet her in The Clan of the Cave Bear. Organization "The Clan" is an overarching term; every Neanderthal is a member of the Clan. Organizationally, they live in smaller tribes, also called "clans" but named after the man who leads them; for instance, Ayla is adopted into Brun's clan. Later, when Brun steps down and, as is traditional, passes leadership of the clan on to the son of his mate, it becomes known as Broud's clan. Every seven years, Clans from the immediate area meet in a Clan Gathering; the only one Auel has depicted consisted of approximately 250 people. The Clan is mostly patriarchal: women cannot hunt, make hunting tools, lead a Clan or become a Mog-ur (a spiritual leader or shaman). But men cannot become medicine women, a job that is almost as prestigious as clan leader. Unlike other women, whose status depends on the status of their mates, a medicine woman has status in her own right and can, if her line is illustrious enough, even outrank the leader's mate. "The Earth Children" is an overarching term; their primary allegiances are to their people and their caves. Each |
culture has a name for itself (Zelandonii, for instance, means "Children of the Great Earth Mother who live in the Southwest") and may subdivide into smaller Caves or Camps (the Twenty-Ninth Cave of the Zelandonii, the Lion Camp of the Mamutoi). Curiously, however, most Other culture names includes their word for Great Earth Mother: Doni in Zelandonii, Mut in Mamutoi ("Children of the Great Earth Mother who hunt Mammoths"), Gaea in Sungaea (translation unknown), etc. Their culture is far more egalitarian, with different twists and customs at every hand; Mamutoi Camps, for instance, are co-ruled by headmen and headwomen who are biological, or adoptive, siblings, and the Sharamudoi, a people that lives half-on and -off the Great Mother River, form complex co-mate systems between river couples (Ramudoi) and land couples (Shamudoi). Each entire people generally gathers for Summer Meetings every year, during which a number of important ceremonies, such as the Matrimonial, take place. Religion The Clan worships animal spirits, most notably Ursus the Cave Bear, for, as is related in one of the best known Clan legends, it was the Spirit of the Great Cave Bear that taught the Clan to wear fur, live in caves, and store up reserves during the seasons of abundance in order to survive the winter. The honoring of Ursus is what binds the Clan together as a people, and it is for this reason that the Bear Ceremony, and Feast of Ursus which follows it, held at the Clan Gathering are the highest religious rituals of the Clan. As described in Chapter 22 of Clan of the Cave Bear when Brun's clan chanced to see a living cave bear on their way to the Clan Gathering, "But it was more than the tremendous size of the animal that held the clan spellbound. This was Ursus, the personification of the Clan itself. He was their kin, and more, he embodied their very essence. His bones alone were so sacred they could ward off any evil. The kinship they felt was a spiritual tie, far more meaningful than any physical one. It was through his spirit that all clans were united into one and meaning was given to the Gathering they had traveled so far to attend. It was his essence that made them Clan, the Clan of the Cave Bear." The Clan's animal spirits are always male. However, in the early days of the Clan, weather spirits such as Wind and Rain—spirits whose worship is so ancient that Creb had to use deep meditation to find them in the Clan memories—bore female names. Goov, Creb's apprentice, also speculates that Ayla's totem may be the Cave Lioness, rather than the Cave Lion, although this would be unprecedented in the Clan. In the ancient days when the weather spirits were honored, roles within the Clan had not yet become so markedly differentiated by sex—for example, women still hunted alongside the men when they didn't have little children who needed their care. At this time, women were also the ones in charge of the spiritual life of the Clan. Because they once controlled access to the spirit world, and because the ceremonies involved begging the Clan spirits in what could be considered an unmanly fashion, Clan tradition holds that should a woman see one of the men's religious ceremonies, the clan in which this occurred would suffer disaster. When a ceremony invoking the weather spirits is held to sanction Ayla's hunting, especially strong protection was required for the men, both to guard against the presence of a female at the ceremony and because the ancient spirits were |
feared as much as they were honored in the days when they were worshiped. Ayla's subsequent accidental observation of one of the highest ceremonies at the Clan Gathering is interpreted by Creb to foretell doom for the entire Clan of the Cave Bear, as those ceremonies have meaning for all the clans of the Clan, even those not present at the Gathering. All Clan members are assigned a totem at birth, and boys are marked with that totem's ritual tattoo as part of the ceremony that marks their passage from child to man following their first major hunting kill. People are also believed to possess personality traits similar to those of their totem spirit; Broud, quick-tempered, stubborn and unpredictable like a woolly rhinoceros (his totem spirit) is a prime example. Totems are also responsible for pregnancy; a woman's moon time is believed to be her totem fighting off the presences of marauding male totems; for this reason, women's totems are almost invariably weaker than those of men and women may not associate with men during menstruation. Should the male totem prove stronger, the woman will become pregnant. If the totem is not strong enough by itself, it may ask for the help of one or more other totems, in which case it may be one of the other totems that leaves behind an impregnating essence. It is considered especially lucky for a boy to have the same totem as the mate of his mother. Totems are assigned by Mog-urs, men whose talent is understanding the world of spirits. Each individual Clan has its own Mog-ur'', but one - the one in the clan which Ayla joins - is traditionally recognized as being first among them. The Clan also believe that, if someone survives a cave bear attack, it means that person is now under the protection of Ursus and may claim the Cave Bear as their totem, in addition to the totem they were assigned in early childhood. Unlike other Clan totems, there is no specific mark for the Cave Bear and the Cave Bear is believed not to play a role in the conception, although it may be called on to help subdue a woman's unusually strong totem. In "Clan of the Cave Bear", two people, Creb and a man injured by a cave bear at a Clan Gathering, are described as being "chosen" in this way. The Others worship the Great Earth Mother, and to some extent the Moon, her Fair Celestial Mate. The Great Earth Mother goes by many names, depending on the language, but is worshipped unconditionally as the source of all bounty, and carved depictions of her proliferate. Faith and guidance are administered by spiritual leaders of both sexes, with different names depending on the language. Among most of the peoples described, Those Who Serve abandon their personal names in favor of the name of their people and god. (The Mamutoi are the only depicted exception so far: only the Mamut of the Lion Camp, who is first amongst his priesthood due to his age and spiritual power, no longer uses any name but Mamut—mostly because no one remembers his original name!) To avoid confusion, among the Zelandonii they generally take appendices after their cave (e.g. Zelandoni of the Ninth Cave, First Acolyte to the Zelandonii of the Second Cave, etc.), leading Ayla to muse that they have traded their names for counting words, i.e. numbers. As with the Clan, one among Those Who Serve is generally acknowledged (or elected) First. Sex and reproduction Whether accurately or not, Auel has incorporated sex into her prehistoric |
culture in a number of unique ways. While neither Clan nor Other society requires monogamy, a major difference is that in the former, sex can be treated as a purely physical need, whereas in the latter, it is always imbued with something of the sacred. For the Others, nothing is more abhorrent than the idea of sex without consent, and sexual rituals form a significant part of their culture. Among the Clan, there exists a hand sign that only men can make and only women can receive, instructing the female in question to present for sexual intercourse. Any man of the Clan (a male who has made his first hunting kill) may give this instruction to any woman of the Clan (a female who has passed menarche), should he feel the need to "relieve his needs," regardless of marital status. (The female's state of arousal is never addressed directly, but since Clan women are able to flirt with men using seductive and inviting body language, enjoyment of the act is not unknown.) Because the Clan believes babies are created by the Totems and have no concept of any connection between copulation and conception, lines of descent are matrilineal, but any children a man's mate bears are considered his heirs (especially in regards to the son of the leader's mate becoming the future leader), and he is expected to provide for her family and train her sons to hunt. Who is mated to whom is decided solely by the men, though wise leaders do of course take the prospective bride's feelings into account; the few Clans depicted average less than fifty members, and even one discordant pairing can cause trouble. Sexual maturity is the subject of semi-religious customs among the Others, both of which take place at Summer Meetings. Every year, women volunteer to become sexual tutors to boys who have reached maturity; the name of their office changes from culture to culture, but they are generally furnished with some distinguishing marking, often the Mother's sacred color red (red dye on the soles of the feet for the Mamutoi; a red fringe among the Zelandonii). These women are often pregnant by the end of the summer, which is believed to be the Great Earth Mother smiling upon their piety. Young women who have reached menarche, on the other hand, are the subject of a far more formal ceremony called First Rites, in which she is ritually deflowered by a man (often specially chosen by her friends and family). Both these relationships are meant to be solely physical, and social contact between the involved parties is frowned upon for at least a year afterwards. Finally, during "Mother Festivals" which take place at various times of the year, men and women are free to copulate with whomever they choose. Once again, these polygamous practices blur the lines of heredity, and descent is generally traced only through one's mother. However, certain familial resemblances have been noticed (for instance, Jondalar looks almost identical to Dalanar, his mother's spouse at the time of Jondalar's conception), which has led to the belief that the Great Earth Mother chooses the "spirit" or "essence" of a nearby man to impregnate the woman with. Ayla's more accurate belief that children are the result of sexual activity is treated with skepticism among the Others: their women are seldom celibate, which makes the connection between sex and pregnancy harder to isolate. Homosexual relationships are portrayed as acceptable, if rare. The Zelandonii religious order features at least one homosexual male with a male partner. References External links Category:Neanderthals in fiction Category:Novels about religion |
Category:Book series introduced in 1980 |
Subsets and Splits