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New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange The National Petroleum Exchange was a resource exchange in New York City founded in 1882. In 1883 the National Petroleum Exchange and the New York Mining Stock Exchange were consolidated, becoming the New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange. After several other exchange mergers with competitors, the exchange became the Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange of New York, which in 1885 became the Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York. History On December 18, 1882, the National Petroleum Exchange was opened. Sales that day equated to 150,000 barrels. On March 24, 1883, the New-York Mining and National Petroleum Exchange had a membership of 479. In 1883 the National Petroleum Exchange and the New York Mining Stock Exchange were consolidated, at which point Charles G. Wilson was elected president and held the office until 1900. The new exchange was named the New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange. By December 1883, the New York Times wrote that "much interest" was being shown in a proposed consolidation between the competing New-York Petroleum Exchange and the New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange. The matter was voted on by both exchange members on December 22, 1883. At the vote, members of the New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange largely favored consolidation. However, the New-York Petroleum Exchange saw 269 in favor and 250 against, out of a total membership of around 688. Afterwards, a joint committee of three members from each Exchange was proposed, for the drafting of a new constitution and by-laws prior to any consolidation. On March 11, 1884, it was reported that the governing board of the New-York Mining Stock and National Petroleum Exchange had voted against consolidation 29 to 2. One of the reasons given was that that National Exchange treasury contained $204,000, while the New-York Petroleum Exchange only had $74,570. However, a resolution was passed that members of the New-York Petroleum Exchange could joined the National Exchange. The New-York Mining and National Petroleum Exchange merged with the competing New-York Petroleum Exchange and Stock Board on February 28, 1885. After several other exchange merges with competitors such as the Miscellaneous Security Board, the exchange became known as the Consolidated Stock and Petroleum Exchange of New York. See also List of former stock exchanges in the Americas List of stock exchange mergers in the Americas List of stock exchanges Economy of New York City References External links Category:Companies based in New York City Category:Economy of New York City Category:1882 establishments in New York (state) Category:1925 disestablishments in New York (state) Category:Former stock exchanges in the United States |
Jörg Berger Jörg Berger (13 October 1944 – 23 June 2010) was a German football manager and player, who last managed Arminia Bielefeld. Career As an active he played for 1.FC Lok Leipzig. Coaching career In 1970, Berger was forced to retire due to a muscle injury and started his managing career after the studying at the DHfK Leipzig. Berger was a reputable manager in East Germany who was planned to manage the East Germany national football team as successor of longtime manager Georg Buschner some day. Berger managed the youth team of the GDR. In 1979, he used a match in Yugoslavia to flee to West Germany. He signed with Second Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98. As a GDR refugee he suffered many threats by the East German secret police Stasi. He survived being poisoned whilst managing KSV Hessen Kassel in the mid-1980s. Evidence of the threats to his life were not available until 1990 when Germany was reunified, after which he was able to search his Stasi files. He was renowned as a great motivator, helping clubs threatened with relegation, but with little chance to build up teams over a longer period. Berger became the ’’fireman’’ of the Bundesliga after he twice failed to gain promotion to the Bundesliga with KSV Hessen Kassel, ending up in fourth position in the Second division of the Bundesliga (1984 and 1985). His greatest achievements were two third positions with Eintracht Frankfurt in 1990 and with FC Schalke 04 in 1996. He was replaced as manager of Schalke by Huub Stevens in October 1996 shortly before they won the UEFA Cup in 1997. Berger's last big success was reaching the DFB-Pokal final with Alemannia Aachen, a side from the Second division of the Bundesliga. However his contract was cancelled, by mutual agreement, after they lost to the then current champions (SV Werder Bremen) and failed to gain promotion to the Bundesliga. From 17 November 2004 until 14 August 2005, he was the manager of FC Hansa Rostock. He was fired after a 1–4 defeat by TSV 1860 München. On 18 May 2009, was named as the new Head Coach from DSC Arminia Bielefeld. His contract ran until 30 June 2009. He left the club on this date. Personal life Berger was the father of three children. In 2002, he had to interrupt his time as Alemannia Aachen manager due to an operation on an intestinal tumour. In 2005, he was operated on again, this time on liver metastasis. He released his biography "Meine zwei Halbzeiten: Ein Leben in Ost und West" (English: My Two Halves: A Life in the East and in the West) over the Leipzig based Rowohlt Verlag in March 2009. Berger died on 23 June 2010 of an enteric tumor. See also List of Eastern Bloc defectors References External links Jörg Berger at eintracht-archiv.de Jörg Berger Died Category:1944 births Category:2010 deaths Category:Sportspeople from Gdynia Category:People from West Prussia Category:German football managers Category:German footballers Category:East German footballers Category:East German defectors Category:East German football managers Category:1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig players Category:Fortuna Düsseldorf managers Category:Hannover 96 managers Category:SC Freiburg managers Category:SV Darmstadt 98 managers Category:Eintracht Frankfurt managers Category:1. FC Köln managers Category:FC Schalke 04 managers Category:FC Basel managers Category:Karlsruher SC managers Category:Bursaspor managers Category:KSV Hessen Kassel managers Category:Alemannia Aachen managers Category:F.C. Hansa Rostock managers Category:Arminia Bielefeld managers Category:Bundesliga managers Category:Expatriate football managers in Switzerland Category:Expatriate football managers in Turkey Category:Deaths from cancer in Germany Category:Deaths from colorectal cancer Category:2. Bundesliga managers Category:East German emigrants to West Germany Category:DDR-Oberliga players Category:Association football forwards |
Stoneyetts Hospital Stoneyetts Hospital (also Stoneyetts Certified Institution for Mental Defectives) was a psychiatric hospital located in Moodiesburn, near Glasgow. It operated from 1913 to 1992. History Stoneyetts was chartered in 1910 and designed by Glasgow Parish Council's Master of Works, Robert Tannock, with the foundation stone being laid by council chairman James Cunningham on 23 May 1912. The hospital was built on a 46½ acre site, purchased by the council from the District Lunacy Board, at East Muckcroft within the "Woodilee estate"; the total cost of the project was £45,000 (including a cost of £70 per bed). The facility contained six 50-bed brick villas; official, administrative and laundry blocks; housing for staff; and a hall with various workrooms that accommodated 320 people (the functions of the hospital buildings and rooms would change over the years). Cunningham conducted the opening ceremony on 6 June 1913. Originally intended for the treatment of people with epilepsy, Stoneyetts was the first Poor Law epileptic colony in Scotland and the only Scottish hospital ever built for epileptic individuals. A remote location was chosen to shield patients from the general public. Following the passing of the Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1913, Stoneyetts became a facility for intellectually disabled people – then termed "mental defectives" – who had been held in asylums for the insane. As well as housing civilians, Stoneyetts received convicts who had been deemed mentally "defective"; Glasgow Govan MP Neil Maclean disapproved of "young lads, guilty merely of a little horse-play or a boyish escapade" being held at the institution. The facility faced problems with overcrowding: arrangements were made with Falkirk Parish Council for patients to be cared for at Blinkbonny Home, and the remaining residents were transferred to the new Lennox Castle Hospital by December 1936. Following restoration, Stoneyetts was re-opened as a unit for certified mental patients on 7 August 1937. The revised unit was headed by chief physician Dr Alexander Dick. Its first admissions were a number of Woodilee Hospital residents, owing to recent weather damage to that facility. Regular entertainment was provided for patients and staff: a cinema showing was supplied weekly, while the "Stoneyetts Concert Party" consisted of the kitchen staff and two female patients. With the inception of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948, Stoneyetts was linked with Woodilee and Gartloch hospitals under a single board of management. In 1954 there were 340 staffed beds. Improvements to the facility were carried out in 1950, at a cost of £6,800. These included an extension to the laundry, the addition of verandas to two of the villas and the erection of a designated patients' cafeteria. A television set was installed in May 1953, courtesy of Sir John Stirling-Maxwell, and a new oil-fired boiler was implemented in the late 1960s. The institution was upgraded and modernised circa 1975. A number of proposed improvements to the hospital were thwarted by the health board's inability to gain sufficient funding over the years. In 1989, a £9,700 minibus was presented to Stoneyetts by the Parks and Recreation Charities Club. By the early 1970s there was a changing emphasis toward psychogeriatric care at Stoneyetts. The institution became home to numerous Woodilee Hospital residents following the discovery of severe structural defects in the fabric of that facility's buildings on 13 March 1987 (dubbed "Black Friday" by Lenzie residents). In 1988, patients at Stoneyetts ranged in age from 33 to 87, and included people with schizophrenia, new chronic sick, long-term geriatrics, and residents being prepared for rehabilitation. Three years later, patients were aged 40 to 98. As of October 1991, the hospital had |
180 beds and 260 staff members. Two local streets were laid that share the "Stoneyetts" name: Stoneyetts Road in Moodiesburn, and Stoneyetts Drive within Woodilee Village, Lenzie. Closure Stoneyetts was in serious need of funding by mid 1989; a fundraiser was organised at the Knights of St Columba social club in Moodiesburn. In May 1991, however, NHS Greater Glasgow announced its plans to close institution, with a view to transfer patients and staff to other locations. Proponents for its closure described the facility's accommodation as "outdated" and "sub-standard". Tom Clarke, MP for Monklands West, led the opposition against closure. Hospital workers feared that Stoneyetts was being intentionally run down to justify its termination; the Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE) had produced a catalogue of complaints against the institution in 1986, citing cockroach and mould infestation, dilapidated surroundings, and staff shortages. Unions threatened to occupy the facility and organise a work-in if the plans went ahead. Despite union opposition, as well as public outcry and protesting by workers, Scottish Health Minister, Michael Forsyth, announced his approval of the closure plans on 24 October 1991. COHSE official Jim Devine described Forsyth's ruling as "an affront to democracy", while Tom Clarke called it a "ruthless decision made on commercial not caring grounds". Clarke demanded a probe into the hospital's closure. Operations at Stoneyetts officially ceased on 19 February 1992. Aftermath NHS Greater Glasgow retained ownership of the land and allowed local players to continue running the hospital's bowling venue after the main buildings were demolished. The desolate area became a popular location for vandalism, fly tipping and underage drinking; concerns were raised with regard to children playing on the site, particularly due to the presence of discarded hypodermic needles. Locals regularly walked their dogs in the less decayed sections. On 25 September 1999, an 11-year-old boy died after falling 50 feet from a tree in the woods. In October 2001, the Stoneyetts area again became the cause of public unrest when the Scottish Prison Service expressed interest in purchasing the former hospital grounds to build a jail there. Several elements of the hospital site remained into the 2010s, such as a tree outline of the grounds, largely overgrown roads, unpowered street lighting, a disused football pitch, and building remnants including an accessible basement. The nearby Stoneyetts Cottages still stand, despite being secluded from the site by the intersecting 2011 M80 motorway extension. In November 2016, the Stoneyetts land was put up for sale as a residential development site. The following year Miller Homes purchased the area for 291 planned homes, while agreeing to retain Stoneyetts Bowling Club and much of the surrounding woodland; adjacent land by the entrance was procured by Persimmon for 60 proposed builds. Persimmon gained clearance from North Lanarkshire Council in November 2018, while Miller received permission in February 2019. References External links Stoneyetts Hospital, Glasgow at The National Archives Stoneyetts Bowling Club Glasgow at Historic Hospitals Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1913 Category:1913 establishments in Scotland Category:1992 disestablishments in Scotland Category:Hospitals established in 1913 Category:Former psychiatric hospitals in Scotland Category:History of North Lanarkshire Category:Defunct hospitals in Scotland Category:History of mental health in the United Kingdom |
Fermoy Barracks Fermoy Barracks () was a military installation in Fermoy, County Cork. History The East Barracks were designed and built by Abraham Hargrave on a site provided by John Anderson between 1801 and 1806. In June 1808 Sir Arthur Wellesley used the barracks as an assembly point from where 9,000 troops would depart for the Cove of Cork and then sail for Portugal to take part in the Peninsular War. The West Barracks and military hospital were added to the complex in 1809. The barracks were burnt to the ground by a group of Irish Republican Army irregulars after the British Army left in 1922. The site subsequently became known as "the showgrounds" and is now occupied by Fermoy Rugby Club. References Category:Barracks in the Republic of Ireland |
Zeisls Hiob Zeisls Hiob (English: Zeisl's Job) is a completion by Jan Duszyński and Miron Hakenbeck of the unfinished opera Hiob commenced by Erich Zeisl in 1939. It was premiered by the Bavarian State Opera in 2014. Background The opera is based on Joseph Roth's novel, Job – The Story of a Simple Man, itself inspired by the biblical book of Job. In July 1939, a dramatization of the novel was arranged in Paris in honour of Roth (who had died in May 1939) and Zeisl, who had recently arrived in Paris in flight from Nazi Germany, wrote some incidental music for this production. This inspired him to create a complete opera based on Roth's work, for which he persuaded his friend Hans Kafka (1902—1974) to write a libretto. Zeisl composed the first act by 1940, by which time he was now living in New York. Kafka was not able to produce the libretto for Act II until 1957. Zeisl completed the composition of this, but died in 1959. Interest in the composer following the 50th anniversary of his death led to 2009 and 2010 student performances of excerpts from the opera in Rostock and Vienna. In 2013 the Bavarian State Opera decided to commission a completion of the opera by the Polish composer Jan Duszyński and the librettist Miron Hakenbeck. This version was premièred in Munich under the title Zeisls Hiob on 19 July 2014. Roles The information in this section is taken from the Bavarian State Opera castlist. Synopsis Act I takes place in Russia before World War I. Mendel Singer teaches Jewish children in a shtetl. His four children bring him problems; the youngest, Menuchim, is disabled. His daughter Mirjam has affairs with cossack soldiers, and his other two sons are liable for conscription into the Russian Army. His son Schemaria escapes conscription by fleeing to the United States, and Mendel decides to follow him with his own family; but he is forced to leave Menuchim behind. Act II takes place in America. The war has broken out and Mendel has lost touch with Menuchim and with his other son, Jonas, who has joined the Russian army. Mirjam has a nervous breakdown, Mendel is oppressed by guilt about Menuchim, and Mendel's wife Deborah reproaches him for their sad condition. However, during the Passover seder meal, at the point where traditionally the prophet Elijah is anticipated, Menuchim enters. He has discovered music, and this has cured him – he is now a composer. Sources Notes Sources Bayerische Staatsoper (2014a). "Zeisls Hiob: Synopsis" on Bayerische Staatsoper (Bavarian State Opera) website, accessed 1 February 2015. (In German). Bayerische Staatsoper (2014b). "Cast list: Zeisls Hiob" on Bayerische Staatsoper (Bavarian State Opera) website, accessed 1 February 2015. (In German). Cole, Malcolm S. (2014). A Miracle in Munich: The Bavarian State Opera Premieres Zeisls Hiob. Orel Foundation website, accessed 1 February 2015. Category:Operas Category:2014 operas Category:German-language operas Category:Operas set in Russia Category:Operas set in the United States Category:Unfinished operas Category:Operas completed by others |
Jarebice (Loznica) Jarebice is a village in the municipality of Loznica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of people. References Category:Populated places in Mačva District |
Bob Stransky Robert J. Stransky (born January 30, 1936) was an American football player. He grew up in Yankton, South Dakota, and attended the University of Colorado where he played college football at the tailback and safety positions for the Colorado Buffaloes football team from 1956 to 1957. He finished the 1957 season ranked second in the country with 1,097 rushing yards, and he was selected by the Football Writers Association of America and the International News Service as a first-team back on their respective 1957 College Football All-America Teams. He later played professional football in the Canadian Football League as a halfback for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (1958) and BC Lions (1959). He was inducted into the University of Colorado Athletic Hall of Fame in 2010. References Category:1936 births Category:American football halfbacks Category:Colorado Buffaloes football players Category:Winnipeg Blue Bombers players Category:BC Lions players Category:Players of American football from South Dakota Category:People from Yankton, South Dakota Category:Living people |
2017–18 Basketball Bundesliga The 2017–18 Basketball Bundesliga, known as the easyCredit BBL for sponsorship reasons, was the 52nd season of the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL), the top-tier level of professional club basketball in Germany. The defending champion was Brose Bamberg. The regular season started on 29 September 2017 and ended 1 May 2018. Bayern Munich won their fourth title and qualified for the 2018–19 EuroLeague. Notable occurrences For the first time in BBL history, two windows for FIBA national team play were planned in which the competition stopped. These were in November 2017 and February 2018. A number of nine teams participated in European club competitions this season, the highest number ever in German basketball history. Teams Promotion and relegation Relegated from BBL Rasta Vechta and Phoenix Hagen were relegated from the BBL after the 2016–17 season, as they finished in the last two places. Promoted from ProA Mitteldeutscher BC and Rockets got promoted from the 2016–17 ProA. Arenas and locations Regular season In the regular season, teams played against each other two times home-and-away in a round-robin format. The first eight teams advanced to the playoffs. The last two placed teams were relegated to the ProA for next season. The regular season started on 29 September 2017 and concluded 1 May 2018. Standings Results Playoffs All three rounds of the playoffs are played in a best-of-five format, with the higher seeded team playing the first, third and fifth game at home. Awards and statistics Major award winners Statistical leaders All-Star Game The 2018 BBL All-Star Game was played in the Lokhalle in Göttingen on 13 January 2018. Team International won the game 145–132 over Team National. Peyton Siva was named Most Valuable Player of the game. Injured player. REP Player selected as replacement. Clubs in European competitions See also 2018 BBL-Pokal References External links Official website Category:Basketball Bundesliga seasons German 1 |
NMIS NMIS (acronym for Network Management Information System) is an open-source network management system that was first released in 1998. Licensed free of charge under the GNU General Public License the software has been implemented globally and is used by over 130,000 organisations around the world. Originally written by Keith Sinclair (http://sins.com.au/nmis) and with later substantial input from Eric Greenwood, the intellectual property for NMIS was purchased by commercial open source software company Opmantek in early 2011 under a stated commitment to keep “NMIS free and lead the community to rapidly advance the product”. NMISv8 was released by Opmantek shortly after and remains free and open source. Additional modules and support provided by Opmantek are available to extend the capabilities of NMIS. History NMIS started as an SNMP polling and statistics viewer front-end to Tobias Oetiker's RRDTool. At the time RRDTool and MRTG did not include a front or back end to handle SNMP polling and to display resulting information in a web interface. NMIS was written to fill in the gaps in existing available products and provide one system which met a large number of requirements of network managers. NMIS was developed to be proactive, provide reporting, and give the status of the network "at a glance" by Keith Sinclair in 1998. Mr Sinclair released the code as open source and nurtured community involvement. Eric Greenwood became a major contributor in 2004 and is acknowledged as a co-founder. In 2011 the intellectual property rights to NMIS were acquired by Opmantek. Opmantek has added significant development to the free NMIS product while creating numerous commercial modules which they license for a fee. Overview NMIS performs multiple network management functions from the OSI Model and International Organization for Standardization FCAPS model, these being - Fault, Configuration, Accounting and/or Administration, and Performance. These metrics provide valuable capabilities and features for fault and performance management, which in turn are useful for many other aspects of network and business management. NMIS monitors the status and performance of an organization's IT environment, assists in rectification and identification of faults and provides valuable information for IT departments to plan expenditure and IT changes. The NMIS business rules engine classifies events on their business impact, not just the technical nature. The rules engine is extremely powerful; however, it can be configured in minutes for a network with a small number of devices to hours for networks with large numbers of devices. NMIS uses a single poll for performance and fault data, which reduces the bandwidth of the network management traffic and increase the performance of the network management system. The returning data creates real-time performance monitoring and graphing. When NMIS probes are deployed throughout the network, the network can be managed easily to avoid bottlenecks and enable zero cost redundancy. Both the front and back ends of NMIS are highly extensible and features are easy to add. Custom statics can be gathered for any metric available on a device. NMIS is very popular within Telecommunications carrier organizations and Managed Service Providers (MSP's) and is used by IT staff as a key business management and improvement tool. Features Sophisticated business rules engine - NMIS classifies events on their business impact, not their technical nature – the rules engine takes a short time to configure and then it's custom to your operating environment. Add opEvents to even automate the event remediation of event management. Pre-configured out-of-the-box solution: NMIS currently supports 10,000 vendors out of the box. The simple set-up allows for network management to occur quickly. Visible operational impact - Operations can see how device performance is impacting the |
health of a single device, a group of devices or of the whole network. Add opCharts to see these impacts on topological maps. Automated health live baselining - NMIS measures a baseline of availability, response time and performance, and automatically shows the changes when compared to the previous period baseline. Add in opTrend to intelligently identify outliers to your baselines. Massively scalable - From the largest distributed global environments down to a single office implementation, NMIS handles the data, rules, and presentation. If you add in opHA there is no limit to what you can manage. Customizable alert escalation procedures - NMIS allows for customised alert escalation to suit your business. Escalate events based on your organisational structure, operational hours or chain of command. Add opEvents to even automate the event remediation of event management. Performance Management Faults and Events Real-time monitoring Operational Tools Management Reporting Extensive list of supported devices Business Rules Engine Notification and Escalation Distributed Monitoring Hardware requirements NMIS can run in both physical and virtual environments. Smaller networks can be monitored using workstation PCs. Server hardware with 2GB of RAM is usually sufficient for up to 1000 managed devices (even with 32 ports on each). 1000 managed devices may take 20 GB of storage. Large numbers of devices can be managed by implementing NMIS on more powerful machines or by leveraging NMIS distributed polling and setting up multiple NMIS pollers in a master/slave design. Ultimately, NMIS is very efficient but the hardware specification of the required server will vary depending on what is being managed, how often information is collected, and how many devices are managed. Recommended requirements: Quad-core CPU 8 GB RAM 60 GB HDD Network card Software Requirement NMIS has been developed in Perl and runs natively on Linux, performing best as a 64-bit multithreaded application. It is commonly used on 64bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or other F/OSS equivalents such as CentOS or Debian. There is also notable activity with NMIS on Ubuntu and BSD. The software is available online as source code (with installer script) or as a Virtual appliance. The Virtual Appliance is compiled as a .OVA image and can be run through any major virtualization product such as VirtualBox or VMWare. It comes with NMIS, Open-AudIT, CentOS and Apache installed and requires no additional configuration. See also Comparison of network monitoring systems References External links Opmantek homepage NMIS Product Page NMIS Documentation NMIS on Github Category:Network management Category:System administration Category:Computer network analysis Category:Network performance Category:Free network management software |
Speedway World Championship The World Championship of Speedway is an international competition between the highest-ranked motorcycle speedway riders of the world, run under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). Today, this official FIM championship is organised as a series of Speedway Grand Prix events, where points are awarded according to performance in the event and tallied up at the end of each season. However, up to 1994, it was run as a single-night event after qualifying rounds during the season, leading up to a big final of 20 heats, where points were awarded according to riders' heat placings and then tallied up at the end. Before the World Championship received its formal recognition from the ACU and the FIM in 1936, other unofficial Speedway World Championships were staged between 1931 and 1935, in Europe, South America and Australasia. Organization 1931 to 1935 – Unofficial Championships 1930/31, Argentina, S.America. A.J.Hunting's 'International Speedway Ltd' staged a "World's Championship Series" at one of their Buenos Aires tracks during the second season of Dirt Track racing in Argentina. Culminating in February 1931, it was run as a series of eliminating match races between local and visiting British, USA and Australian riders. 1931 to 1935, Paris, France. An Anglo-French promotion syndicate ran an annual Dirt Track “ Championnat du Monde” (World Championship,) for five years at the Buffalo Velodrome, Paris between 1931 and '35. The format usually comprised 9 riders drawn from Europe and the UK scene, (3 per race,) across 13 heats, Semi's and Finals. 1931 England. In 1931 the Promoters Association initiated a match race competition for the ‘Individual World Championship’ matching first the top Australian rider against the best Englishman over a 'best of three' series. A month later that winner next met another challenger for his world title. After the event was raced however, the SCB refused to recognise the title, and it subsequently became the 'British Individual Championship', - but the season's winner held still the trophy inscribed "World Champion" ! 1933, 1934, Australia. A Johnny Hoskins'-led Anglo/Australian promotion staged a 'World's Championship Final' at the Sydney Showground Speedway (Speedway Royal) on 4 March 1933 following qualifying rounds in Perth (Claremont Speedway) on 2 December 1932, Adelaide (Wayville Showground) on 2 January, Melbourne (Exhibition Speedway) on 28 January, and Sydney (Royal) on 18 February. A squad of 7 riders, 5 Australian and 2 English, competed over 7 races (3 riders per race,) the top point scorer, English rider Harry Whitfield, becoming World Champion. The riders who qualified for the Final were Lionel Van Praag, Bluey Wilkinson, Dicky Smythe, Billy Lamont and Jack Chapman (Australia), with Harry Whitfield and Jack Ormston from England. The 1934 event was cancelled after the initial qualifying meeting was rained off. 1936 to 1954 – ACU (FICM) Championships Wembley, London. With minor modifications, the general system stayed the same from the first official championship. There were initial qualifying rounds, where the riders raced in heats of four to score points against each other (3 for first place, 2 for second place, 1 for third place). The final qualifying round was called the Championship Round, and it consisted of seven to ten meetings, though no one participated in all of them. The 16 who scored the most points then qualified for the World Championship Final at Wembley, where the heat system was again used - this time with a total of 20 heats of four riders, each rider racing five heats, and every rider meeting each other at some point during the competition. The same points system was used, and the rider with the |
most points won. From 1936 to 1938 bonus points were carried over from the Championship Round. This was scrapped when the World Championship resumed after the War in 1949. 1955 to 1994 – FIM Championships Wembley and beyond. In 1955, the World final organisers recognised that it was no longer practical for the foreigners to travel to the Championship round races in Britain, and so a system with zonal qualification races was invented. The Nordic countries Finland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway had their own qualifiers, Austria, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia had the "continental" qualifiers, and the best riders met for European Championships - all organised in roughly the same way as the World final was before. The Championship Round for British, Australian and New Zealand racers, however, was kept until 1960, after which the first World Final outside London was staged in Sweden, in '61. Finals in Poland, and later USA, Germany Denmark and Holland followed, the number of British & Commonwealth participants reducing over time, quotas from each nation/continent varying dependent upon which nation hosted the championship final. 1995 to present – SGPs Grand Prix Series. Gradually, it became apparent that the single-night event was getting obsolete, and a Grand Prix series similar to that used in Formula One and MotoGP was implemented in 1995 - while the system with qualifiers and a final was now used to qualify riders for the next Grand Prix series. Initially, there were six races, in Poland, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Denmark and Great Britain. The old system with everyone racing each other was still used, however, except that the four best riders qualified for a final heat which would determine who won the individual event (and score maximum points). Points were awarded as follows: 25 for the winner, then 20, 18, 16, 14, 13, 12, 11, 9, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, and 1 for 16th This system was used until 1998, when FIM invented another system. Instead of 16 riders racing for points and trying to qualify for a final, there would now be 24 riders, divided into two classes. The eight best would be directly qualified for the so-called Main Event, while the sixteen others would be knocked out if they finished out of the top two in 4-rider heats on two occasions - while they would go through if they finished inside the top two on two occasions. This resulted in 10 heats, where eight proceeded to the Main Event, where exactly the same system was applied to give eight riders to a semi-final. The semi-finals were then two heats of four, where the top two qualified for a final and the others raced off in a consolation final. This system meant that the point system had to be revised, with 5th place getting 15 points, 6th 14, 8th 10, and after that 8, 8, 7, 7, etc. Places after 8th place were awarded according to the time a rider was knocked out and, secondly, according to position in the last heat he rode in. This system went largely unchanged until 2004 (with the consolation final having been abolished in 2002), although the number of GP events was increased to ten in 2002 and then changed back to 9 in 2003 and 2004. However, the system was viewed by many as too complicated, and for the 2005 Speedway Grand Prix season the system used from 1995 to 1997 was back, but with one minor modification; points gained in the heats would now count for the aggregate standings, and the top eight riders would qualify for two |
semi-final heats, just like the 1998–2004 system. History Dirt track pioneers Businessman A.J. Hunting was a dirt track speedway pioneer, promoting first in Australia in 1926, then Gt.Britain in '28, but it was in his second season in Argentina, at the Huracan Stadium, Buenos Aires in 1930/31, that he ran his first, and the world's first, World Championship competition. Arranged over a season-long series of eliminating Match Races, America's Sprouts Elder was the first Championship winner. In the following European season of the same year Australian Billy Lamont took the “Championnat du Monde” in Paris, followed by fellow countryman Arthur "Bluey" Wilkinson the next year. But these two stars of the Dirt Track could only manage podium places behind Brit Harry Whitfield when a 'World's Championship' was staged on their home soil in 1933. Meanwhile in the UK Jack Parker had replaced Aussie Vic Huxley as the 'Individual World Champion' but after the event the Speedway Control Board refused to honour the title put up by the promotion. Englishman Claude Rye took the Paris title twice before the Wembley event subsequently emerged in 1936. Humble beginnings The British pride themselves on organising the official World Championship, having hosted the first fifteen ACU/FIM-sanctioned events, - all in Wembley Stadium. These were from 1936, when Australian Lionel Van Praag won the title, to 1938 and from 1949 to 1960. 1937 saw Americans Jack Milne, Wilbur Lamoreaux and Cordy Milne swept the podium for the first win for America and the only time Riders from one country took all 3 top positions. It was also the last American victory until 1981. Commonwealth countries dominated, with the UK, Australia and New Zealand taking four titles each up to 1959, including the first two time and back to back winner, Australia's Jack Young who won in 1951 and 1952. The first non-English-speaking victor came in 1956, when the Swede Ove Fundin won the first of his five titles. The late 1950s and 1960s were dominated by Fundin along with the two New Zealanders Ronnie Moore (two titles) and Barry Briggs (four titles), and Englishman Peter Craven (two titles). Mauger's era Then, at the 1966 World Championship in Gothenburg Ivan Mauger, a 26-year-old New Zealander who had had a slow breakthrough in British league speedway, made his debut. He finished fourth, but won two out of five races, and showed potential by winning the European final (without Swedes) at Wembley. And he lived up to it. He raced until the age of 39, winning six World titles, including three in a row from 1968 to 1970 - including nine successive races in finals events. After 1970, though, he showed himself to be more human, as Ole Olsen took over - winning in Göteborg in 1971 and eventually taking three titles. However, Mauger had the last laugh of the two - winning the last final that they both competed in, at Chorzów in 1979, when he scored 14 out of 15 possible points to win the final ahead of Pole Zenon Plech. Danes take over After American Bruce Penhall won twice in 1981 and 1982 - the latter being the first and only time a World Championship race has been hosted in the United States, in Los Angeles - it was time for Denmark to ascend the world control of speedway. Earlier on, only Ole Olsen had won World titles, in 1971, 1975 and 1978, but a new generation was growing up, led by Erik Gundersen and Hans Nielsen who occupied the first two places at Gothenburg in 1984. And, in fact, there were two Danes on |
top of the table in each and every World final from 1984 to 1989 - a somewhat extraordinary record. Gundersen and Nielsen took three titles each as the Danes won six successive and seven out of eight titles from 1984 to 1991. However, the forced retirement of Gundersen in 1989 following a horrific crash in the Speedway World Team Cup Final in Bradford, followed by 1991 champion Jan O. Pedersen in 1992, both prematurely because of serious injuries, weakened Danish speedway somewhat, as only Nielsen held the class required to win the World Championship. He did in 1995, the first year of the Speedway Grand Prix series - scoring 103 points and winning one of six races (fellow Dane Tommy Knudsen actually won two, but was too inconsistent and finished tenth), fifteen points more than his nearest opponent. He was pipped to the title by two points by America's Billy Hamill in 1996, and although he continued racing till 1999 and was still winning Grand Prix's, he never threatened the top. Speedway Grand Prix The previous, single meeting World Final, was held in the UK or Europe, except in 1982 when it was in the USA. The Speedway Grand Prix series events have to date been staged in the UK, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. It was Sweden, represented by Tony Rickardsson, the 1994 champion, who took over. Rickardsson won four titles from 1998 to 2002, only interrupted by Mark Loram in 2000. Englishman Loram has the dubious honour of being the first (and so far only) SGP World Champion not to win a Grand Prix during his championship year, though his consistency in reaching the Semi-final at each event and being runner-up in the first 2 rounds saw him score enough points to defeat Hamill and Rickardsson. Although Dane Nicki Pedersen and Australian Jason Crump won in 2003 and 2004 respectively, Rickardsson was hampered by injury and unlucky draws through many of the Grand Prix races and was often in contention for the title. The 2005 Speedway Grand Prix series, however, saw Rickardsson return, taking his sixth victory to equal the record of Ivan Mauger. The 2006 Grand Prix was again won by Jason Crump who amassed a total of 188 points to lead the field throughout the championship. Rickardsson announced his retirement from the sport half way through the 2006 campaign. In 2007, Nicki Pedersen once again regained the title he first won in 2003, with a total of 196 points, while Leigh Adams finished his nearest rival on 153. Nicki Pedersen won the 2008 series for a third time, while Jason Crump picked up the silver medal, and Pole Thomasz Gollob finished third. Crump would win his third title in 2009 before Gollob became just the second Polish rider to win the world title in 2010 following on from Jerzy Szczakiel's surprise win in 1973. American Greg Hancock, the 1997 champion, won his second championship in 2011 at the age of 41 to become the oldest champion, while Australia added another World Crown when Chris Holder raced to the 2012 championship with 160 points to defeat Pedersen on 152 and Hancock on 148. Tai Woffinden gave England its first champion since Mark Loram when he won the SGP in 2013, while Greg Hancock proved age is no barrier when he won the 2014 World Championship at the age of 44. In 2015 Woffinden would again win the World Championship despite a late season surge from 45 year old Hancock. Table of winners See also Speedway World Championship Classification World Under-21 Championship References Speedway Champions Speedway, Longtrack and |
Icespeedway History Individual Category:Events at Wembley Stadium Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1931 Category:1931 establishments in Argentina |
Osvaldo Sánchez Osvaldo Sánchez (born 9 January 1911, date of death unknown) was a Chilean boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1928 Summer Olympics. References Category:1911 births Category:Year of death missing Category:Chilean male boxers Category:Olympic boxers of Chile Category:Boxers at the 1928 Summer Olympics Category:Place of birth missing |
Novooleksandrivka Novooleksandrivka may refer to the following places in Ukraine: Novooleksandrivka, Popasna Raion, a village in Luhansk Oblast Novooleksandrivka, Oleksandrivka Raion, a village in Donetsk Oblast |
Koor Koor may refer to: Koor, Indonesia, a village in West Papua, Indonesia Koor, Rajasthan, a village in India KOOR, an American radio station See also Coor (disambiguation) Koore (disambiguation) Kur (disambiguation) |
Mawlid al-Barzanjī Mawlid al-Barzanjī () is the popular name of one of the most important and universally accepted panegyrics of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Arabic vernacular. The complete title of the work is, “‘Iqd al-Jawhar fī Mawlid al-Nabiy al-Azhar (عقد الجوهر فى مولد النبي الأزهر) – The Jewelled Necklace of the Resplendent Prophet’s Birth”. It is work of the poet and Islamic jurist of the city of Medina Jaʿfar b. Ḥasan al-Barzanjī. The Mawlid genre The work is highly revered and widely recited by Sunni Muslims around the world. In South East Asia and South Africa, the term “Barzanji” is synonymous with the word “Mawlid”, which is essentially a colourful celebration and spiritual display of deep love of the Prophet Muḥammad. This is done through poetic description of his blessed conception and birth, the miraculous exploits and significant events in his life, and description of his internal and external disposition. It is closed with a sublime supplication seeking the fulfilment of needs of the ephemeral world here and the pleasures of the everlasting abode in the Hereafter. Public approval The work has a central place during the annual commemoration of the advent of Muḥammad which, according to majority consensus, was on the 12th day of the Islamic month of Rabī al-Awwal. In the Muslim households of Asia and Africa, it is also recited to solicit Divine blessings on special occasions such us the birth of a child, moving into a new house, opening of a new business, and even at the time of death - for the hallmark of a believer is to rejoice in God’s blessing (i.e. the birth of Muḥammad) than to lament a loss (of a loved one). It also serves to remind the believer that no loss is greater than the loss of Muḥammad. Yet, he continues to live in the hearts and minds of the faithful. Scholarly acceptance The acceptance of the work amongst the scholarly elite is demonstrated by the numerous commentaries upon it composed by accomplished scholars including the author’s descendant, Ja’far ibn Ismā’īl al-Barzanjī (d. 1317 AH / 1899 CE), the Highest Juridical Authority (Muftī) of the Shafites in Medina. Another prominent commentator was Muhammad ‘Ulaysh (d. 1299 AH/1881 CE) , the Highest Juridical Authority (Muftī) of the Malikites in Egypt. A further popular commentary was by the Sundanese scholar, Muḥammad Nawawī al-Bantānī (d. 1316 AH/1898 CE) , a Shāfi’ī jurist and sūfi who settled in Mecca. The titles of some of the commentaries are as follows: al-Barzanji, al-Kawkab al-anwār ‘alā ‘iqd al-jawhar fī mawlid al-nabī al-azhar. ‘Ulaysh, al-Qawl al-munjī ‘alā mawlid al-Barzanjī al-Bantānī, Madārij al-ṣu‘ūd ilā iktisā’ al-burūd Popular refrain The work is the source of the popular refrain chanted in Mawlid gatherings around the globe: عَطِّرِ ٱللّٰهُمَّ قَبْرَہُ ٱلْكَرِيمْ ، بِعَرْفٍ شَذِيٍّ مِنْ صَلاَةٍ وَتَسْلِيْم ٱللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ ‘Aṭṭir Allāhumma qabrahu l-karīm / bi-‘arfin shadhiyyin min ṣalātin wa-taslīm Allāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik alaihi wa-‘alā ālihi O Allāh, perfume his noble grave / with the fragrant scent of blessings and peace O Allāh, honour, bestow peace, and shower blessings upon him and his family Contents of Mawlid al-Barzanjī The contents of the Mawlid al-Barzanjī in English is as follows : The Prophet’s Lineage Before His Birth Preternatural Occurrences His Childhood ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and Abū Ṭālib Adulthood His Marriage Resolving a Dispute The Beginning of Prophethood The First Believers The Year of Sadness The Night Journey The Prophet Presenting Himself to the Tribes The Emigration The Cave Surāqa The Story of Umm Maʿbad Medina His Inward and Outward Perfection and Beauty The Seal of Prophethood His |
Love for the Poor Closing Supplication References Category:Islamic literature |
Ballinknockane Ballinknockane is the location of a National Monument in County Kerry, Ireland. Location Ballinknockane is located west of Mount Brandon and south of the Brandon Stream; it is northeast of Murreagh. Description The national monument consists of a cillín (calluragh), an unconsecrated burial ground. Nearby is a cashel (stone ringfort) with souterrain (underground storage tunnel) and several hut sites. Hut sites include: Cloghaunnageragh ("Sheep Hut") Cloghaunglass ("Green Hut") Lisnagraigue References Category:Buildings and structures in County Kerry Category:Tourist attractions in County Kerry Category:National Monuments in County Kerry |
2016 Brown Bears football team The 2016 Brown Bears football team represented Brown University in the 2016 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by 19th-year head coach Phil Estes and played their home games at Brown Stadium. They are a member of the Ivy League. They finished the season 4–6, 3–4 in Ivy League play to finish in a tie for fourth place. Schedule Source: Schedule References Brown Category:Brown Bears football seasons Brown Bears football |
Ser o Parecer "Ser o Parecer/ Ser ou Parecer" (English: "To Be or to Seem") are two songs recorded by Mexican group RBD for their third Spanish album, Celestial (2006) and for their third Portuguese album, Celestial (Versão Brasil) (2006). They were produced by Carlos Lara and Armando Ávila. It was released as the album's lead single on September 18, 2006 and Portuguese version in two days later. In the United States, the Spanish version peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot Latin Songs for two consecutive weeks. Song information "Ser o Parecer" and "Ser Ou Parecer" narrate a classic story of unrequited love, it tells of a girl who has fallen for a guy who never pays any attention to her. The lyrics of the songs describe the girl's unsuccessful attempts to catch the guy's attention and "despertar el interés vacío," or "awaken the empty interest." Chart performance "Ser o Parecer" debuted and peaked at number eighty-four on the US Billboard Hot 100 on the week ending December 16, 2006. On the Billboard Hot Latin Songs, "Ser o Parecer" entered at number five on the week ending October 28, 2006. In its six week within the chart, the song climbed to the top position of the Latin Songs on the week ending December 2, 2006, topping the chart for two consecutive weeks. "Ser o Parecer" charted on the top 10 on the Latin Songs for fifteen consecutive weeks, from October 2006 to February 2007. Music video On October 2, 2006, EMI announced that the music video accompaniment to the song (Spanish version) was finished. EMI Televisa Music released the music video on YouTube. It was directed by Esteban Madrazo and shot in São Paulo, Brazil during their Brazilian Tour 2006. The music video features all of the members of the band in trashy, post-grunge attire. The video illustrates how the members changed from virtual unknowns to international superstars. In addition, it features CGI monster-like creatures on the streets along with the group. Awards Chart performance Notes External links Category:2006 singles Category:Billboard Hot Latin Songs number-one singles Category:RBD songs Category:Spanish-language songs Category:Songs written by Armando Ávila Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Song recordings produced by Armando Ávila |
The Best Man (How I Met Your Mother) "The Best Man" is the premiere episode of the seventh season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother and the 137th episode overall. It aired on September 19, 2011. Plot Ted is called in to speak to Barney before his wedding to a mystery bride. Barney wonders if should have gone with "the other tie", as this is the "tie" he'll have to "wear" for the rest of his life. Barney fear that this will be the worst wedding of all time. Ted responds by saying that they have already been to the worst wedding ever: Punchy's. In September 2011, the gang attended Punchy's wedding, with Ted as the best man. Ted reveals that he had become infamous for crying each time his high school friends ask him to make a toast at their weddings, so he is determined to make his wedding toast perfect. Meanwhile, Lily and Marshall are not prepared to reveal Lily's pregnancy. At the wedding, Lily gets Marshall to consume all her drinks; Marshall becomes extremely drunk as a result. After seeing all the couples with babies, though, they become convinced that they should reveal Lily's pregnancy to the group. Robin pokes Barney about not calling Nora. Lily realizes that Robin still has feelings for Barney and encourages her to tell him. Robin denies it, and is prepared to tell Barney that there is nothing between them when he pulls her onto the dance-floor, proving Lily right. Barney receives a call from Nora, whom he reveals he actually called multiple times. Robin feeds him the words that she had intended to say to him and Barney succeeds at convincing Nora to meet him again. Ted reveals to Robin that he is losing faith that he will find "the one", now that all his high-school friends have families he is still alone. Robin convinces Ted not to lose hope. When Marshall and Lily reveal her pregnancy to the group, Ted becomes emotional and cries during his toast. Marshall stands up for Ted, saying that Ted's tears are because he is happy that Lily is pregnant. However, his words are unclear and Punchy's wife Kelly assumes that he is referring to her and reveals that she is also pregnant. Kelly's news causes a fight between Punchy's family and her family. Returning to Barney's wedding, Ted assures Barney that he has chosen the right tie when Lily enters the room to inform Ted that Barney's bride-to-be has asked to see him. As Ted leaves the room, Lily questions Barney over the choice of the actual tie he is wearing, making him change. Reception Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club rated the episode at A, praising the episode as the mark of "professionals at work both in front of and behind the camera, demonstrating impeccable timing, delivering moments of real emotion, and never forgetting what makes them funny." References External links Category:How I Met Your Mother (season 7) episodes Category:2011 American television episodes |
South Sudan–United States relations South Sudan–United States relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of South Sudan and the United States of America. Country comparison History The United States officially recognized South Sudan on 9 July 2011, the same day they declared independence. The United States Embassy in Juba, South Sudan, was first established on the same day with the former consulate that had been opened in 2005 in Juba being upgraded to the status of an embassy. The chief of mission was Chargé d'Affaires R. Barrie Walkley, pending the appointment of an ambassador to South Sudan. On 19 October 2011, Susan D. Page was confirmed as the first United States ambassador to South Sudan. In 2012, President Obama found that the United States could provide military assistance and equipment to South Sudan. This was soon followed by a team of five American officers to advise the South Sudanese military. Obama named Donald E. Booth as his special envoy for Sudan and South Sudan on 28 August 2013. In December 2016, USA drafted a resolution, that failed to pass, which would have implemented an arms embargo and more sanctions, due to signs in South Sudan of possible genocide. UN alliterated this by warning South Sudan of possible genocide. In 2017, the USA's UN ambassador, Nikki Haley, criticized South Sudan for creating a "man made" famine. Relations Under Donald Trump While South Sudan has not been its own sovereign country for a long time, President Salva Kiir has established rapport with the United States. Then-President of the United States Barack Obama recognized South Sudan the day it declared independence from Sudan, and current President Donald Trump fostered relations with Kiir even before he won the presidency in 2016. While relations between the two countries have changed from support to subtle threats recently, the United States has been open about both the right to self-determination and insistence that humanitarian aid to South Sudanese affected by the civil war reach its victims. In August 2016, when Donald Trump was campaigning for the United States presidency, the South Sudanese government led an attack on Western aid workers, which included American humanitarians. Following this attack, the U.S. and other countries in the U.N. Security Council moved to provide “4,000 more U.N. helmets to secure the capital.” While Donald Trump has shifted views on leadership and the status quo in South Sudan many times, the Obama administration was key to the self-determination of the South Sudanese people. In November 2016, when Donald Trump became President of the United States, many nations did not welcome the change. South Sudan, on the other hand, was pleased. At the time, South Sudan had dealt with almost three years of civil war and viewed Trump’s victory as a new and possible way to end the conflict. New U.S. policies on South Sudan were something that Tor Deng Mawien, a South Sudanese presidential advisor on decentralization affairs, was “looking forward” to. In March 2016, before Trump had won the election, South Sudanese leader Salva Kiir called Trump to wish him success, saying that if he was elected the two countries would work closely to gain back the mutual trust lost when Barack Obama was president. While Kiir congratulated Trump on his victory, U.S. ambassador to South Sudan stated that, “there is no expectation that the United States government will change its foreign policy in South Sudan despite the election of Trump. Many South Sudanese supported Trump, believing that his presidency would result in Trump working towards a solution to end the civil war rather than its own interests. However, many |
South Sudanese viewed Obama’s presidency as “lukewarm” and “doing either no good or bad to the people of South Sudan.” The South Sudanese are “already in despair, so all we can hope for is a positive response from Trump.” In October 2017, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley was the first senior member of Donald Trump’s administration to visit South Sudan. At this point, South Sudan had been in a civil war for around four years, and according to Haley, “The United States was at a crossroads and that every decision going forward was going to be based on [South Sudanese President Salva Kiir’s] actions.” Haley also expressed that Americans were disappointed in Kiir’s leadership in South Sudan. In addition to pressure from the U.S., the United Nations alleged ethnic cleansing on behalf of Kiir’s government and a “fertile ground” for genocide, which Kiir’s government denied. Trump imposed sanctions on three South Sudanese in September 2017 and expressed that the way to regain trust of the government is through providing care for affected citizens. The U.S. demanded that Kiir let “full and consistent humanitarian aid access” into the country, as well as an unspecified timeline of Kiir’s actions, to further positive relations between the two countries. In December 2018, Donald Trump officiated a highly controversial relocation of the U.S. embassy in Israel, moving it from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Following the decision, a foreign newspaper published a report saying that South Sudan “lauded” (strongly supported) the decision. In addition, it was said that a South Sudanese embassy had congratulated both Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on the decision, and a high-ranking South Sudanese presidential aide had spoken to the newspaper supporting Trump’s decision. However, an official statement said otherwise. According to the South Sudan Presidential Press Unit, the government “will not make any specific statement or take any position on the decision of President Trump.” The government also views the newspaper that published the report as “fabricated and absolutely false.” South Sudan also expressed that their main priority is to find an inclusive solution to their country’s conflict, not the affairs of other countries. In December 2018, Donald Trump proposed a new Africa strategy, being very specific on South Sudan. The country ended a violent five-year-long civil war in October after President Salva Kiir signed a peace deal with his enemy Riek Machar in an attempt to provide lasting peace. The United States had given millions of dollars to South Sudan either in aid or from the sale of oil, a move that Trump reviewed to make sure that “our aid does not prolong the conflict or facilitate predatory behavior,” said his National Security Advisor John Bolton. Bolton called the South Sudanese government “led by the same morally bankrupt leaders, who perpetuate the horrific violence in immense human suffering in South Sudan.” He said that countries that receive money from the U.S. must invest in beneficial programs such as health and education, and promote fiscal transparency and the rule of law. Countries must also not commit “gross human rights abuses” and in general protect the welfare of their citizens. Previously, the South Sudanese government had dismissed or even disregarded sanctions against government officials and money laundering. In response to this and South Sudan’s indifferent neighbors, Trump threatened to blacklist financial institutions that ignored sanctions, and sent another official sanction to South Sudan. Fiscally, these dealings are connected to China, a sore spot for Trump. The US proposed a “Prosper Africa” policy where Trump will try to motivate leaders to choose “high-quality, transparent, inclusive, and sustainable foreign investment |
projects, including those from the United States”. Contrastingly, Trump believes that China gains financially from corrupt regimes in the region, furthering their feud. Historically, South Sudan seems to ignore international criticism and sanctions, much to the dismay of Trump and other leaders worldwide. Ranking U.S. Embassy staff Ambassador – Susan D. Page Embassies The U.S. Embassy in South Sudan is located in Juba. South Sudan maintains a diplomatic mission in Washington, D.C. References Category:Bilateral relations of the United States United States |
Four eyes Four eyes may refer to: A derogatory slang for people who wear glasses Four Eyes, comic book Four Eyes!, television show Cryptoptila immersana, a moth with the common name four eyes or ivy leafroller See also Four (disambiguation) Eye (disambiguation) |
John Rigby Hale Sir John Rigby Hale (17 September 1923 – 12 August 1999) was a British historian and translator, best known for his Renaissance studies. Biography Hale was born in Ashford, Kent. He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford (B.A., 1948, M.A., 1953). He also attended Johns Hopkins University and Harvard University (1948–49). He was a Fellow of the British Academy and Emeritus Professor of Italian History at University College, London, where he was head of the Italian Department from 1970 until his retirement in 1988. His first position was as Fellow and Tutor in Modern History at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1949 to 1964. After this he became the first Professor of History at Warwick University where he remained till 1970. He taught at a number of other universities including Cornell and the University of California. He was a Trustee of the National Gallery, London, from 1973 to 1980, becoming Chairman from 1974. He was made a Knight Bachelor on 20 August 1984. In 1992, he suffered a severe stroke that caused aphasia. He died seven years later in Twickenham, after which his wife, the journalist Sheila Hale, wrote a book about his final years titled The Man Who Lost His Language. Works Author Napoleon: the Story of his Life, London, Faber and Faber, 1954. England and the Italian Renaissance: the Growth of Interest in its History and Art, London, Faber and Faber, 1954. 4th edition, new introduction and bibliographical update by Edward Chaney, Oxford, Blackwell, 2005. Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy, London, English Universities Press, 1961. The Art of War and Renaissance England, Washington, Folger Shakespeare Library, 1961. Renaissance, New York, Time Life Education, 1965. Renaissance exploration, New York, W. W. Norton, 1968. Renaissance Europe, 1480–1520, London: Collins, 1971. Italian Renaissance Painting from Masaccio to Titian, New York: Dutton, 1977. Florence and the Medici: the Pattern of Control, London, Thames and Hudson, 1977. Renaissance Fortification: Art or Engineering?, London, Thames and Hudson, 1977. War and Society in Renaissance Europe, Leicester, Fontana Paperbacks, 1985. Artists and warfare in the Renaissance, Yale University Press, 1990. The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance (1993) Translator Mandragola: a comedy, by Niccolò Machiavelli, Fantasy Press, 1957. Literary Works: Mandragola, Clizia, A dialogue on language, and Belfagor: with selections from the private correspondence, by Niccolò Machiavelli. Edited and translated by J. R. Hale, London, New York, Oxford University Press, 1961. The Travel Journal of Antonio de Beatis: Germany, Switzerland, the Low Countries, France and Italy, 1517–1518, translated from the Italian by J. R. Hale and J. M. A. Lindon. Edited by J. R. Hale. London, Hakluyt Society, c. 1979. Editor "The Italian Journal of Samuel Rogers" edited by J. R Hale, with an account of Rogers' life and travel in Italy in 1814–21. Faber and Faber 1956. History of Italy and History of Florence. Translated by Cecil Grayson. Edited and abridged with an introduction by John Rigby Hale. New York, Washington Square Press, 1964. Certain Discourses Military, Ithaca, New York, Published for the Folger Shakespeare Library by Cornell University Press, 1964. Europe in the Late Middle Ages. Edited by John Rigby Hale, J. R. L. Highfield and B. Smalley. Northwestern University Press, 1965. The Evolution of British Historiography: from Bacon to Namier. London, Melbourne, Macmillan, 1967. Renaissance Venice, London, Faber and Faber. 1973. A Concise Encyclopaedia of the Italian Renaissance, New York, Oxford University Press, 1981. The Thames and Hudson Encyclopedia of the Italian Renaissance, New York, Thames and Hudson, 1981. Renaissance War Studies, London, Hambledon Press, 1983. External links "John Rigby Hale" in Proceedings of the British Academy, volume 111, 2002, pp. 531–552, |
full obituary. [www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituaries-professor-sir-john-hale-1113564.html "Obituaries: Professor Sir John Hale"]The Independent, 19 August 1999 by Michael Mallett Category:1923 births Category:1999 deaths Category:Knights Bachelor Category:Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford Category:Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford Category:People associated with the National Gallery, London Category:Academics of University College London Category:Academics of the University of Warwick Category:Fellows of the British Academy Category:20th-century English historians Category:English male non-fiction writers |
Anca gas field The Anca gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2010 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2018 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Anca gas field are around 442 billion cubic feet (12.6 km³), and production is slated to be around 88 million cubic feet/day (2.4×106m³) in 2018. References Category:Black Sea energy Category:Natural gas fields in Romania |
Lydie Err Lydie Err (born 23 April 1949, in Pétange) is a Luxembourgish politician. She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) in 1984, representing Circonscription Sud. She was re-elected in 1989, 1994, 1999, and 2004. From 1989 until 1991, she sat as one of the two Vice-Presidents of the Chamber. She entered the Juncker-Poos Ministry in 1998 as a Secretary of State. She remained for one year, before the CSV-LSAP coalition collapsed in the wake of the LSAP's 1999 election defeat. References Category:Government ministers of Luxembourg Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg from Sud Category:Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party politicians Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:People from Pétange Category:Women government ministers of Luxembourg Category:20th-century women politicians Category:21st-century women politicians |
Kurt Krieger Kurt Ferdinand Krieger (September 16, 1926 in Traisen, Austria – August 16, 1970 in St. Louis, Missouri), nicknamed "Dutch", was a Major League Baseball player who played pitcher from to . Kurt is the first person born in Austria to play Major League Baseball. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals. External links Category:1926 births Category:1970 deaths Category:Major League Baseball pitchers Category:Major League Baseball players from Austria Category:St. Louis Cardinals players Category:Washington University Bears baseball players |
Signals intelligence by alliances, nations and industries For the unifying conceptual and technical factors in this intelligence discipline, see Signals intelligence. For specific collection platforms, see SIGINT Operational Platforms by nation for current collection systems, and for context, see SIGINT in Modern History. For a complete hierarchical list of related articles, see the intelligence cycle management hierarchy. Signals intelligence by alliances nations and industries, many organizations, national or not, are responsible for communications security as well as SIGINT; the organization makes codes and ciphers that it hopes opponents cannot break. There is a synergy between the two components; there is a saying among cryptologists that no one is qualified to create a cipher unless they have successfully cryptanalyzed a cipher of equivalent complexity. Many US and allied SIGINT activities are considered Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI), and carry the special security marking, "HANDLE THROUGH COMINT CHANNELS ONLY", which is abbreviated as a suffix to the security classification. SECRET SIGINT material would be marked (S-CCO). For exceptionally sensitive TOP SECRET material, there might be an additional codeword, such as (TS-CCO-RABID). UKUSA Agreement SIGINT and security procedures are closely coordinated under what is called the UKUSA Community, which includes Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It is widely rumored that those five nations cooperate in a major SIGINT activity codenamed ECHELON. Of the UKUSA partners, NSA is the US element, Britain's is the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). Canada has the Communications Security Establishment and a few other small groups. Australia puts these activities in the Australian Signals Directorate. New Zealand has the Government Communications Security Bureau. ECHELON It is fair to say that there is something called ECHELON, and it is very large. There is no unclassified definition of what it really does, and there are conflicting unofficial reports on its capabilities and operations. Duncan Campbell is the source of much information, but many of his claims have been challenged by independent sources. It is a 2000 report, and his claims that NSA has published no details of its operations is not the case in 2007. Another extensive report is that of the European Parliament in 2001. Campbell himself refined his definitions a year later. His "strict" definition of ECHELON is that it is a satellite interception component of the partners of the UKUSA Agreement. Even among the UKUSA members, according to Campbell, there may be other satellite interception stations not called ECHELON, probably in Australia and possibly in Great Britain. It is generally accepted that ECHELON is a cooperative system, principally among the UKUSA Agreement partners, to intercept satellite, microwave, and other communications around the world, searching for information of interest to its members. The geographic distribution of the members allows much more effective worldwide coverage. This article does not replace the separate ECHELON Wikipedia article, but will complement it. Campbell cites Jeffrey Richelson as defining, in the 4th edition of The American Intelligence Establishment, an "official" list of "third party" participants in ECHELON (or perhaps the UKUSA SIGINT alliance) as Norway, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Austria, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. Campbell further indicated that US payments to Norway and Denmark were stopped in 1992, and those countries intended to do their own satellite interception. There are also conflicting reports about the relationship, if any, between ECHELON and US government warrantless monitoring wanted by the George W. Bush administration. Many reports focus on ECHELON's capability to intercept signals transmitted through free space, such as microwave and communications satellites. Given that much of the world's communications have moved to optical fiber cables, which are difficult but |
not impossible to intercept. Much ECHELON specification is based on clues, such as noting the geographic location of various large satellite receiving antennas, then plotting the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the parabolic "dish" of the antenna. These can be correlated with the known positions of communications satellites to project that the antenna is intended to receive the signals of a particular satellite. Other countries may be cooperating with the UKUSA countries, including Ireland and Switzerland. There are also conflicting reports about France cooperating with ECHELON, but also operating an independent capability. Confirmation of ECHELON Two internal NSA newsletters from January 2011 and July 2012, published as part of the Snowden-revelations by the website The Intercept on August 3, 2015, for the first time confirmed that NSA used the codeword ECHELON and provided some details about the scope of the program: ECHELON was part of an umbrella program codenamed FROSTING, which was established by the NSA in 1966 to collect and process data from communications satellites. FROSTING had two sub-programs: TRANSIENT: for intercepting of Soviet satellites ECHELON: for intercepting of Intelsat satellites A first satellite ground station for the ECHELON collection program was built in 1971 at a military firing and training center near Yakima, Washington. The facility, which was codenamed JACKKNIFE, became fully operational in May 1973 and was connected with NSA headquarters at Fort Meade by a 75-baud secure teletype orderwire channel. NATO Communications and data exchange electronics are intended to be interoperable among NATO members, although not all countries will share sensitive data. Tactical information usually will be shared. ASEAN and related groups The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) consists of ten countries of the region: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Brunei and Laos. Five of the ten countries have concerns with Islamic terrorism, and most are also concerned with piracy. Formed in 1967, the countries also shared several decades of concern over Communist threats. Their cooperation improved over time, although there still was support from outside powers. Given Singapore's small but potent military, it made basing arrangements in Singapore, in Malaysia and the Philippines. Thailand and Malaysia have a good record working together against the Communist Party of Malaysia. For some years, the ASEAN countries have held annual intelligence summits. It is unclear, however, if intelligence ties preceded or followed the development of military relationships. The author poses the challenge, "Do arrangements such as ECHELON exist outside the relationships between "great" powers? Literature shows that broad relationships exist among regional powers for various reasons. In the case of ASEAN, states brought together to fight communist insurgency find that they can maximize security by cooperating in covert operations and intelligence sharing." Technology has accelerated ASEAN intelligence cooperation. For example, Malaysia and Singapore jointly monitor the South China Sea electronically. It is reasonable to assume that the less sensitive aspects of SIGINT, such as Direction finding are part of that surveillance. Other sources include the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) of Australia, Great Britain, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia, which includes three members of the UKUSA alliance with strong national SIGINT organizations. Spurred by terrorism concerns, the ASEAN states, in May 2002, agreed on an Action Plan that provided for enhanced cooperation in intelligence sharing and coordination of anti-terror laws. In August 2002, ASEAN and the United States issued a “Joint Declaration . . . to Combat International Terrorism," which was followed by an ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) meeting on terrorism, to be jointly sponsored by Malaysia in the US. The US proposed that a regional counterterrorism training center be established in Malaysia. |
Accompanying the Anti-Terrorism Center is an intelligence-sharing agreement among Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Thailand, a first meeting of which was held in Manila in January 2003. An obvious question, without a simple answer, is how much SIGINT capabilities these countries have. Some of these countries are reluctant to get too close to the US, involving nationalist issues in the Philippines and Islamic parties in Malaysia and Indonesia. Singapore, among the regional nations, seems most comfortable in exchanging intelligence information with the US, especially receiving SIGINT in return for HUMINT. Singapore has established sharing between the US PACOM Joint Intelligence Center and Singapore’s Joint Counterterrorism Center, and Singapore also is leading in accepting US goals for maritime security, with a Strategic Goods Control law in January 2003. That law made Singapore the first major port to meet US homeland security rules for cargo. Singapore wants more US X-ray equipment, and possibly MASINT sensors. US relations to ASEAN or other groups may be more domestically acceptable, in countries suspicious of the US, than bilateral arrangements. There are obvious reasons for regional nations wanting US intelligence support, including SIGINT. Nevertheless, the eagerness of the US to help against Islamic groups strikes at local sensitivities. Other coalitions UN and other, often ad hoc international coalitions have no predefined SIGINT interoperability; establishing even basic communications interoperabilities is one of the first and most urgent tasks of any coalition. National SIGINT Australia Australia's main organization is in the Australian Signals Directorate. It operates collection stations for multilateral and national use. Australia has systems interoperable with UKUSA, and ECHELON. Canada Canada has the Communications Security Establishment and several other groups, especially military tactical groups. Canada has systems interoperable with NATO nations, UKUSA, and ECHELON. China China's main SIGINT effort is in the Technical Department, or Third Department of the General Staff Department of the Central Military Commission, with additional capabilities, primarily domestic, in the Ministry of State Security (MSS). SIGINT stations, therefore, are scattered through the country, for domestic as well as international interception. Prof. Desmond Ball, of the Australian National University, described the largest stations as the main Technical Department SIGINT net control station on the northwest outskirts of Beijing large complex near Lake Kinghathu in the extreme northeast corner of China Some Western analyses of the third Department claim it maintains a staff of more than 130,000, though this figure cannot be independently confirmed. As opposed to other major powers, China focuses its SIGINT activities on its region rather than the world. Ball wrote, in the 1980s, that China has several dozen SIGINT stations aimed at Russia, Japan, Taiwan, Southeast Asia and India, as well as internal communications. Of the stations apparently targeting Russia, there are sites at Jilemutu and Jixi in the northeast, and at Erlian and Hami near the Mongolian border. Two Russian-facing sites in Xinjiang (Sinkiang), at Qitai and Korla may be operated jointly with resources from the US CIA's Office of SIGINT Operations, probably focused on missile and space activity. Other stations aimed at South and Southeast Asia are on a net controlled by Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan. There is a large facility at Dayi, and, according to Ball, "numerous" small posts along the Indian border. Other significant facilities are located near Shenyang, near Jinan and in Nanjing and Shanghai. Additional stations are in the Fujian and Guangdong military districts opposite Taiwan. On Hainan Island, near Vietnam, there is a naval SIGINT facility that monitors the South China sea, and a ground station targeting US and Russian satellites. China also has ship and aircraft platforms in this area, |
under the South Sea Fleet headquarters at Zhanjiang immediately north of the island. Targeting here seems to have an ELINT as well as COMINT flavor. There are also truck-mounted mobile ground systems, as well as ship, aircraft, and limited satellite capability. There are at least 10 intelligence-gathering auxiliary vessels. As of the late 1990s, the Chinese did not appear to be trying to monitor the US Pacific Command to the same extent as does Russia. Whether they will attempt to do so depends, in part, on the status of Taiwan. Cuba While Cuba had traditionally been a Soviet client, it both has been developing indigenous capabilities, including equipment design and manufacture, as well as having Chinese-operated stations on its soil. Within the Cuban intelligence ministry, a Counter-Electronic Warfare Department was established in 1997, at the same level as the Technical Department and the Foreign Intelligence Department. In 1992, a tactically oriented Counter-Electronic Warfare Department was created. The national intelligence organization also runs electronic warfare and SIGINT for the Air Force and Navy. Russia and China, at various times, have operated or are operating intercept stations in Cuba, as well as Cuban-operated facilities. The largest and best-known, Lourdes SIGINT Station, was shut down by Russia in 2001, along with the Russian station at Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam. Four ground stations (q.v.) are in Cuba, two of which are operated by China. Denmark Denmark is a NATO member and thus has access to a wide range of SIGINT equipment and techniques. A journal article (information from abstract on Ingentaconnect) from 2001 states that all four countries of Scandinavia, including NATO members Denmark and Norway, and neutral Sweden and Finland, cooperated in collecting SIGINT on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Norway and Denmark did not allow American personnel in their intercept centers, but did receive American financial and technical help. The author suggests Sweden, while neutral, cooperated with US and UK intelligence in the early stages, and possibly later, in the Cold War. The Danish Sigint service, Forsvarets Central Radio, was also active at the same time, and fed the U.S. data from 8 stations located from Greenland to Bornholm.US funds from the 1950 agreement were cut off, to Norway and Denmark, in 1992, and those two countries planned to do their own satellite interception. The Pusher HF/DF system used by Denmark is not designed for satellite but for terrestrial interception; it is not clear what, if any, effect that the reported US funds cutoff had on the Pusher system output. The Danish periodical, Ekstra Bladet, on September 18, 1999, published an article titled "WHERE THE SPIES ARE LISTENING—Take a walk with us through the most secretive secrets of the FE (the Intelligence Agency of the Danish Armed Forces). The authors describe a visit to an apparent SIGINT collection facility, called Sandagergård, at Aflandshage south of Copenhagen. Sandagergård is operated by the Danish intelligence agency. According to the article, Denmark has participated, since 1947, in ECHELON. Denmark participates in the global surveillance system known today as UKUSA, and known in the press as Echelon. The agreement was reached with Cdr. P .A. Mørch, then second in command of FE, with the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS), predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The CIA was formed by the National Security Act of 1947, and, by 1947, the OSS had been dissolved although there were interim agencies that might have negotiated an agreement. The agreement was that the Americans were to supply the equipment free of charge. Denmark's payment was to allow a large American ear to listen in on everything |
that was intercepted by Denmark's FE agents. In 1950, the agreement was formalized by Commander Finn Haugsted and Minister of Defense Rasmus 'Jetfighter' Hansen. The article cites Cdr. Mørch's memoirs as the source, and says he refers to the Danish SIGINT organization as 'the Social Democrat's Child'. Under the agreement, the US was to supply the technical equipment, while Denmark would supply the land and staff. In 1999, however, Frank Jensen, the Social Democratic Minister of Justice and former Minister of Research (responsible for Denmark's telecommunications) denied knowledge of ECHELON. When the journalists visited the Sandagergård facility, they saw a Pusher HF/DF system, which is a smaller version of the Wullenweber intercept & direction-finding antenna, and two radomes. Discarded paper and packing materials identified shipments of products from IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation, Microsoft and Unisys. They also identified a SIGINT post at Skibsbylejren near Hjørring. This report clearly shows that Denmark operates SIGINT equipment. It cannot be determined, from this information alone, if the operation is for Danish use only, in support of NATO, or indeed part of ECHELON. Denmark hosts the regional NATO command for the Baltic Approaches (BALTAP) from a base at Karup. In September 1999, Minister for Defense Hans Hækkerup said Denmark cooperates with other countries on surveillance, but would not identify the countries or agencies. According to the authors, the US 650th MI Group is the sole point of contact to NATO. Finland During the Soviet era, Finland, while neutral, was reported to be cooperating with the other Scandinavian countries in obtaining SIGINT on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. France The French intelligence agency DGSE has responsibility for national-level SIGINT, including a ship and the currently inactive aircraft. There are multiple land-based sites. A French Army publications mentions Emeraude as an apparently tactical SIGINT "listening module". Press reports suggest there is another system, nicknamed Frenchelon in the press, run by DGSE and possibly providing economic intelligence to French industry. Germany After the end of the Cold War, Germany treated military-related SIGINT differently from other nations, making it a part of the defense-wide electronic warfare organization rather than an intelligence organization. The first unit was set up in Osnabruck in 1957. In 1959, German and Dutch SIGINT personnel met to establish a long-standing, especially close cooperation. Today Germany operates many different SIGINT platforms. Greece Greece's main SIGINT organization is Branch E of the national (civilian) intelligence service, Ethniki ypiresia pliroforion (EYP). Branch E reports to the Deputy Director General A, who reports to the Director General . The military has limited tactical capabilities, interoperable with NATO. A 12-day major exercise in Greece, Trial Spartan Hammer (TSH) ‘06, involved 2,000 personnel from 14 NATO countries and 15 NATO agencies, including the SIGINT & ESM working group (SEWG) under the NATO Joint Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Capability Group. It was the second NATO joint Signal Intelligence/Electronic Warfare (SIGINT/EW) demonstration. Canadian Forces involved included the Electronic Warfare Centre (CFEWC), HMCS Iroquois, 772 EW Squadron, the Joint Intelligence Fusion Capability and the Directorate of Space Development. Hungary Hungary's signals intelligence agency is called "Nemzetbiztonsági Szakszolgálat" (National Security Special Service). It is under the control of the Minister for the Interior and provides signals intelligence services to the police, the national intelligence service, the counter-intelligence service, the military national security service and the prosecutors' offices. India India is implementing AWACS and SIGINT using the Israeli Aircraft Industries Phalcon, which will be installed in Russian Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft, the same aircraft used for Russia's own A-50 AWACS India's main SIGINT directorate operates within the Ministry of Defense. Ireland The Irish Defence Forces |
Communications and Information Services Corps (CIS) and Directorate of Military Intelligence are responsible for SIGINT and cyber surveillance in Ireland, supported by the Garda Síochána (Irish National Police) Crime & Security Branch (CSB). The Republic of Ireland operates a policy of military neutrality. However, it is understood that the military and police intelligence agencies in Ireland cooperate with the ECHELON network, sharing information and receiving information in return. Israel SIGINT operations in Israel are run by Unit 8200, which sits under the command of the Israeli Intelligence Corps. Japan In 1996, Japan created its first post-WWII major intelligence organization, the Defense Intelligence Headquarters (DIH). Its SIGINT Division is the largest in the organization, with a Ground Self Defense Force unit in Ichigawa, targeting North Korea. The Division also has two Wullenweber intercept and direction finding, as well as offices in Kobunato (in Niigata Prefecture), Oi (in Saitama Prefecture), Tachiarai (in Fukushima Prefecture), and Kikaijima (in Kagoshima Prefecture). Jordan Beginning in the 1990s, and according to William Arkin with a declaration of Jordan as a combat zone for U.S. personnel on September 19, 2001, there has been increasing intelligence cooperation between the US and Jordan. Arkin states there are permanent US SIGINT ground stations now in Jordan. New Zealand The Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) is responsible for signals intelligence and was established in 1977, with responsibility for Communications and Technical Security as well as SIGINT. Computer security (COMSEC) responsibilities were added later. Predecessor organizations included the New Zealand Communications Security Committee (NZCSC), created after WWII, from the Prime Minister's Department, and the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence. While New Zealand had SIGINT functions before WWII, in 1955, the function was organized into the New Zealand Combined Signals Organisation (NZCSO), under the Deputy Chief of Naval Staff. The technology security (TECSEC) function of the Government, which essentially involves the provision of protection from eavesdropping or "bugging", was undertaken by the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service and the Ministry of Defence, prior to the formation of the GCSB. Those capabilities were however limited, and the role was passed to GCSB upon its formation. During the mid-1970s (74-76) two separate reviews were conducted into the SIGINT and COMSEC activities of the New Zealand Government. One of the aims of the COMSEC study was to investigate the possibility of establishing vital operating standards and a capability to produce national cryptographic key material. Formally established on 1 September 1977, the GCSB was located within the Ministry of Defence for reasons of cover. "The fact of" GCSB was disclosed, in 1980, to the Cabinet and Opposition Leader, but with SIGINT functions excluded. Only in 1984 was the SIGINT function of GCSB announced by the Prime Minister. In 1982, the HF radio interception and Direction finding station at Tangimoana was opened. After a number of reviews in the late 1980s, GCSB was separated from the Defence Ministry, reporting directly to the Prime Minister in 1989. This act coincided with the creation of the satellite communications interception station at Waihopai, near Blenheim. According to Nicky Hager, New Zealand is part of ECHELON via the UKUSA Agreement. Norway Norway, a NATO member, was reported to be cooperating with the other Scandinavian countries in obtaining SIGINT on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. According to Campbell, there were two bilateral agreements for a SIGINT alliance between Norway in the US, one in 1954 and the next in 1979. US funding, however, ceased in 1992, and Campbell said that the Norwegians planned to begin their own satellite interception. Russia Russia's approximate counterpart to NSA is the FSO's Special Communications Service |
of Russia, the successor of FAPSI. Additional capabilities are in the GRU Sixth Directorate and with cooperation with the Communications Security Headquarters of the Federal Security Service (FSB). There was a FSO-GRU surveillance facility at the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen’s Ras Karma military airbase, near QaDub on Socotra Island, opposite to the coast of Somalia at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden in the Indian Ocean. This facility allows intercept of signals from Afghanistan and Diego Garcia. Tupolev Tu-142M-Z ‘Bear,’ Beriev A-50 ‘Mainstay’ and IL-38 ‘May’ surveillance aircraft operate from bases in Syria, South Yemen, and Cuba. Ports also support Russian SIGINT "trawlers", or, more correctly, small intelligence collection vessels. Russia had operated large SIGINT stations in Cuba and Vietnam until 2001, but the chief of the General Staff, Anatoly Kvashnin, while the station in Lourdes, Cuba had been vital during the cold war "Now, the military-political situation has changed and there has been a qualitative leap in military equipment. With that money we can buy and launch 20 communication, intelligence and information satellites, and buy up to 100 sophisticated radars," Given US SIGINT satellite launches typically are quoted in the billion-dollar range, this seems an odd calculation. Vietnam found the Cam Ranh Bay station useful for information on Chinese movements in the South China Sea. While Russia took some equipment back with them, it is not known how much capability the Vietnamese still have. There have been a number of reports that the US helped, using SIGINT satellites, Russian fighters to target and shoot down the Chechen leader, Dzhokhar Dudayev in April 1996. Spain Spain operates both a SIGINT ship and a SIGINT aircraft in an apparently strategic function. Its submarines have SIGINT, at least for targeting. The air component is a 707 variant, modified by Israel and equipped with Israeli and Spanish electronics. As well as an Elta EL/L-8300 SIGINT system, the aircraft has a Tamam Stabilised Long Range Observation System (SLOS) high-resolution TV camera and recording systems. The SLOS is reported to have a range of at least 62 miles (100 km). The aircraft has been reported around the western edge of North Africa, the Western Sahara and the Mediterranean. Spain has been reported to have acquired an ex-East German AGI, which it may operate in cooperation with its SIGINT aircraft. The vessel concerned is the 1,900 ton renamed Alerta. In East German service, she had extensive antennas and a large radome. Based in Cartagena, the SIGINT work is reportedly by two Israeli companies and a Spanish firm. A different source says that the SIGINT equipment is Russian. A Saturn 35 satellite antenna has been, according to Spanish sources, added. Its submarines have at least tactical SIGINT. Spanish boats have the domestically produced Indra BLQ-355, which may have been exported. With its participation in the EADS consortium, Spain obtains access to new technologies. Spain appears to be developing a coordinated SIGINT approach using submarine, ship, and aircraft platforms. Sweden In 1942, Swedish SIGINT successes were such that it was split out from the General Staff's intelligence branch and made autonomous. At the end of WWII, it was suggested that of European nations, Sweden's SIGINT was second only to Great Britain's. Sweden's Defence Radio Institute, while neutral, was reported to be cooperating with the other Scandinavian countries in obtaining SIGINT on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Switzerland A number of reports suggest Switzerland both has its own SIGINT but may cooperate with ECHELON. In the spring of 2000, Swisscom announced that it was selling its satellite earth stations, in Leuk, Geneva, Basel and Zurich, to |
a US firm, Verestar. Swisscom announced in spring 2000 that it would withdraw from the satellite industry to "concentrate on its core activities....The Swiss military sees the purchase of the satellite stations by the US as a potential threat to national security, arguing that the infrastructure could be used for spying." Verestar is a major European provider of Internet Exchange Points. The article suggested Switzerland has independent capability. "Switzerland has been conducting its own satellite project since 1993, dubbed Satos 3. Initiated by security chief Peter Regli, it is similar to the Echelon project, but on a much smaller scale. Regli's successor continues to develop the project with the objective of developing a network capable of dealing with "threats from technology, terrorism and nuclear weapons". United Kingdom The major SIGINT organization of Great Britain is the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). The various military components have tactical SIGINT elements. MI-5, the counterespionage organisation, also has specialised SIGINT capability for detecting receivers as well as illegal transmitters. Britain is trying to find a balance between the very real "special relationship" with the US and the UKUSA partners, and still having a significant European role. Transnational terrorism, as well as multinational organized crime, have led to increased sharing among domestic security organizations. In the case of Britain, this is the Security Service MI5 with France's DST, Germany's BFV and the other domestic agencies in the so-called Club of Berne. Britain and France Cooperation with France, by any other government, because the multiple intelligence agencies do not coordinate well with each other. There is no equivalent of the British Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) or US Intelligence Board (USIB). While priorities do come from a national Comité Interministériel du Renseignement, there is no central information and analysis coordination. The particular structure of the French government hurts centralization, because the President and Prime Minister both would want control. Nevertheless, British and French intelligence, perhaps more on the foreign side, sometimes work closely, as an extension of the relationship formed when the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) helped the French Resistance. The relationship was strengthened when the French President, Mitterrand, ordered the French intelligence services to assist Britain in the Falklands conflict. France helped track an Argentine ship that was thought to be attempting to obtain additional French-made Exocet missiles. The most important ELINT and radar MASINT cooperation between Britain and France was detailed radar information on the French Exocet anti-shipping missile, which had already sunk HMS Sheffield and threatened other ships. While the Argentines had only five Exocets, each could sink a ship, and they were attempting to obtain more. Mitterrand's analyst disclosed several comments from Mitterrand during the Falklands war, specifically dealing with the British request for detailed information on the Exocet, so electronic countermeasures (ECM) could be planned to misdirect it. Mitterrand, according to his analyst, said, "I had a difference of opinion to settle with the Iron Lady. What an impossible woman, that Thatcher! “With her four nuclear submarines on mission in the southern Atlantic, she threatens to launch the atomic weapon against Argentina — unless I supply her with the secret codes that render deaf and blind the missiles we have sold to the Argentineans. Margaret has given me very precise instructions on the telephone." Thatcher had already been surprised by an offer of French assistance. Again according to the analyst, Jacques Attali, his former aide, said that Mitterrand called her on the day after the Argentine invasion and told her: "I am with you." Mitterrand told his analyst "She is furious. She blames me personally for this new Trafalgar . . |
. I have been forced to yield. She has them now, the [Exocet radar] codes. If our customers find out that the French wreck the weapons they sell, it’s not going to reflect well on our exports." While the highest levels of government may cooperate, and there is a good working relationship with the French domestic service, DST, there is less mutual aid between GCHQ and the French SIGINT organization in the DGSE. Part of this is that French and British targeting is different, with France focused on the Francophone countries of the world. The French also are suspicious of British ties to the NSA. During the Falklands war and on matters of counterterrorism, there has been effective SIGINT cooperation. It is not known if Britain will receive information from the French experimental Essaim. Britain and Germany There is HUMINT cooperation between German and British intelligence services. United States The National Security Agency (NSA) is the major SIGINT organization of the US, with other SIGINT activities in other parts of the intelligence community. There is SIGINT capability in several other agencies, often concerned with just one aspect, such as collection or tactical use. US military forces all have tactical SIGINT and COMSEC (Communications Security) units. The director of NSA wears a "second hat" as the director of the Central Security Service, which coordinates the military operations, which may both make use of national resources (i.e., TENCAP, or Tactical Exploitation of National Intelligence Capabilities) or provide data to the strategic analysts elsewhere in the intelligence community. There is a limited cryptanalytic capability, principally aimed at domestic criminals, in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). CIA has some joint activities with NSA, which may include the covert or clandestine placement of SIGINT sensors. US doctrine includes a flexible interface between the strategic and tactical, in military operations. Under the TENCAP program, warfighters can benefit from systems intended for the national intelligence level. Under the complementary Tactical Intelligence and Related Activities (TIARA) programs, tactical units acquiring information of interest to the national level can feed it up the chain to the appropriate organizations. The interaction of the US intelligence community, especially COMINT, for domestic law enforcement and counterterrorism is extremely complex, balancing civil liberties versus security needs. There is no consensus on this balance and the matter is very controversial. The SIGINT industry A variety of firms build SIGINT equipment, and the various government agencies typically have strong in-house prototyping. In the US, the major manufacturers are easy enough to find at trade shows such as that of the Armed Forces Communications-Electronics Association (AFCEA), but details are often scanty until there is a meeting at which classified information can be exchanged. Several firms, however, do have a much higher profile. One challenge, especially in the US where there are many mergers and acquisitions, and in Europe where a consortium model is more common, is keeping track of the names of manufacturers. As one example, the microwave surveillance systems business of Watkins-Johnson, a SIGINT electronics vendor with a long history, was acquired in 1995 by Condor Systems. Watkins-Johnson refocused to make its core business the manufacture of components. Condor Systems, in turn, was acquired by EDO Reconnaissance and Surveillance Systems Inc.(EDO RSS). An actual piece of equipment, however, might still have a Watkins-Johnson label. Boeing A very large aerospace industry and defense industry vendor, Boeing makes many systems, including the 707 platform on which the US E-3 AWACS is built, and the 767 platform for Japan's AWACS. It is building the P-8 replacement for the P-3 maritime patrol aircraft, and has proposed a SIGINT |
variant. See discussion of this aircraft under SIGINT EADS Consortium European Aeronautic Defence and Space CompanyEADS N.V. (EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation, formed by the merger on 10 July 2000 of Aérospatiale-Matra of France, Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) of Spain, and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG (DASA) of Germany. The combined organizations, especially the French and German components, have extensive military electronics experience. Elbit Systems This Israeli firm, with worldwide strategic partners, owns all of the former Israeli military electronics manufacturer, Tadiran. It has US manufacturing operations, which sometimes create US export control restrictions. Elbit is teamed with Thales Group to produce the UK's standard UAV. General Dynamics A diversified US military contractor, it divested itself of aviation lines of business and now concentrates on land and naval systems. General Dynamics C4 Systems, in Scottsdale, AZ, makes SIGINT products including the Army's Prophet ground SIGINT system. GTE GTE Government Systems is now part of General Dynamics. GTE merged its communications operations with Verizon HARVESTER A British firm that makes the "HARVESTER family of SIGINT database applications (that) provide unique and cost-effective solutions to a wide range of collection requirements" has a website that can serve as a basic tutorial on the technical aspects of what SIGINT systems collect. Israel Aerospace Industries Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) (formerly Israel Aircraft Industries), is the largest defense contractor in Israel. It sells worldwide, although the United States has, on occasion, blocked a sale, which included US technology, to a nation the US considered unfriendly. Within the context of SIGINT and related ISTAR product is the airborne Phalcon system, often described as an AWACS radar and battle management system, but having significant ELINT capabilities. Based on an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar and antenna, the Phalcon fuses data from the radar, but also IFF, COMINT and ELINT sensors. When the supplemental sensors detect an item of interest, the system control computer begins an active search for more information from other on-board and ground-based sensors. First exhibited in 1993, full Phalcon, other than one on an Israeli 707, has been sold to Chile and India (Ilyushin Il-76 platform), although a sale to the People's Republic of China was blocked by the US. A subset was sold to South Africa, and a miniaturized version will be installed in Israeli Gulfstream G550 SIGINT aircraft. This will include S- and L-band radars, as well as passive sensors. Narus Another firm is Narus, which started as a security vendor for very large telecommunications and Internet service providers, has a product called the "NarusInsight Intercept Suite (NIS) enables capture of packet-level, flow-level, and application-level usage information along with complete session packets for forensic analysis, surveillance, or for satisfying regulatory compliance." Narus' CEO was interviewed about the general subject of cyberwarfare, perhaps an even broader problem than SIGINT. Oslan, when asked to describe cyberwarfare, said "This is my opinion only, but I think that what would constitute an act of war over the Internet would be something that maliciously, directly cripples a country’s ability to function. If somebody brought down our electrical infrastructure and crippled our economy, I think that would be an act of war. How we could treat that, government to government, is a policy question. You are not using guns and bullets anymore. What is the appropriate response as your armies move from physical entities to virtual entities?" If one continued the military metaphor here, the armies, whether physical or virtual, need intelligence. Large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) increasingly believe that "deep packet inspection" is required to protect their internal infrastructure, as well as their customers, from malicious |
hacking and computer crime. The same type of tools with legitimate ISP security applications also have COMINT interception and analysis capability. Northrop Grumman A major US defense industry player, Northrop Grumman makes a variety of sensors, as well as the Global Hawk UAV, which uses Raytheon SIGINT electronics. The EuroHawk variant of this UAV has SIGINT electronics from EADS. Racal A British company founded in 1950, Racal is now part of Thales Group. Raytheon A major US defense contractor, Raytheon's own materials identify it as the SIGINT contractor for the Global Hawk Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). See further discussion of this product under Aircraft Platforms. Swedish-South African-EADS A consortium of Swedish CelsiusTech (formerly Saab Technologies) and Grintek Ewation, the latter a South African partnership with the European EADS consortium. Through their common international trademark Monitoring, Reconnaissance, Counter Measures (MRCM) they field a full range of SIGINT technologies. Thales Thales Group is a French electronics company involved in, among others, defense and security markets. It was earlier called Thomson-CSF, but changed its name after acquiring Racal. Its ownership is split among the Government of France, Alcatel-Lucent, and Dassault Group. Its joint venture to build the British Watchkeeper WK450 UAV, UAV Tactical Systems, is 51% majority owned by Israeli company Elbit Systems and Thales UK. US participation in Elbit imposes some US export controls. References Category:Applications of cryptography Category:Intelligence gathering disciplines Category:Signals intelligence |
James Minor Quarles James Minor Quarles (February 8, 1823 – March 3, 1901) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 8th congressional district. Biography Quarles was born near Louisa Court House in Louisa County, Virginia, son of Garrett Minor and Mary Johnson Poindexter Quarles. He attended the common schools, and in 1833 moved to Kentucky with his father, who settled in Christian County. He completed preparatory studies, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He commenced practice in Clarksville, Tennessee. He married Mary Walker Thomas and they had twelve children. Career In 1853, Quarles was elected to the tenth judicial circuit, and he served until 1859 when he resigned, having been elected to the U.S. Thirty-sixth Congress as a member of the Opposition Party. He was a U.S. Representative from March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1861. During the Civil War, Quarles served in the Confederate Army brigade of his brother, Brigadier General William A. Quarles, until the close of the war. He then moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1872 and continued the practice of law. He was elected a judge of the criminal court in 1878, and he served until 1882 when he resigned and again resumed his law practice. Death Quarles died in Nashville and is interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery. References External links Category:1823 births Category:1901 deaths Category:People from Louisa County, Virginia Category:Opposition Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee Category:Confederate States Army officers Category:People of Tennessee in the American Civil War Category:19th-century American politicians |
Loyalty (Birdman song) "Loyalty" is a song by American rapper Birdman. The song features Young Money/Cash Money artists Lil Wayne and Tyga. It is about loyalty and not forgetting where one has come from. The song is produced by Kane Beatz, and the single's B-side "Pop That" is a title track on Lil Wayne's mixtape No Ceilings. An official remix was released October 22, 2010 which featured Tyga, Brisco, Mack Maine, Lil Twist, Bow Wow and Cory Gunz. Music video The official music video for "Loyalty" was released to MTV on June 16, 2010. The video was shot before Lil Wayne went to jail on a gun charge. The video was shot in front of a green screen and includes cameos from Drake, Mack Maine, Lil Chuckee, and Short Dawg all wearing diapers. The video features backdrops of Tyga's hometown Compton, Birdman's and Lil Wayne's hometown of New Orleans and their adopted town Miami. Remix A remix was released by Birdman featuring Cash Money artists Tyga, Brisco, Mack Maine, Bow Wow, Lil Twist, and Cory Gunz. Track listing iTunes single digital download "Loyalty" (featuring Lil Wayne & Tyga) - 3:57 iTunes Loyalty EP digital download "Loyalty" (Birdman featuring Lil Wayne & Tyga) - 3:57 "Pop That" (Lil Wayne featuring Birdman) - 3:16 "Loyalty" (Music Video) Charts References Category:2010 singles Category:Birdman (rapper) songs Category:Lil Wayne songs Category:Tyga songs Category:Cash Money Records singles Category:Songs written by Lil Wayne Category:Song recordings produced by Kane Beatz Category:2010 songs Category:Songs written by Kane Beatz Category:Songs written by Tyga Category:Songs written by Birdman (rapper) |
Raleigh County Schools Raleigh County Schools is a public school district in Raleigh County, West Virginia, located at 105 Adair Street, in the county seat of Beckley, West Virginia. The current superintendent is David Price. Schools Bradley Elementary School Clear Fork District Elementary Coal City Elementary Crab Orchard Elementary (closed in the spring 2018) Cranberry-Prosperity Elementary Crescent Elementary Daniels Elementary Fairdale Elementary School Ghent Elementary Hollywood Elementary Lester Elementary (closed in the spring of 2018) Mabscott Elementary Maxwell Hill Elementary Stanaford Elementary School Shady Spring Elementary Sophia-Soak Creek Elementary (closed in the spring of 2018) Marsh Fork Elementary Stratton Elementary Beckley Elementary Ridgeview Elementary (opened in the fall of 2018, the schools Crab Orchard, Sophia-Soak Creek, and Lester Elementary) Trap Hill Middle School Park Middle School Shady Spring Middle School Independence Middle School Beckley-Stratton Middle School Independence High School Liberty High School Shady Spring High Woodrow Wilson High School Academy Of Careers And Technology Raleigh-Boone Technical Center Notable alumni Nick Rahall, former United States Congressman Chris Sarandon, actor Morgan Spurlock, filmmaker Tamar Slay, former NBA player for the New Jersey Nets and Charlotte Bobcats Rob Ashford, Broadway choreographer/Tony Award Winner Jon McBride, First and only West Virginian Astronaut Doug Legursky, Former NFL player Hulett C. Smith, 27th Governor of West Virginia Jim Justice, Billionaire, Owner of The Greenbrier resort and 36th Governor of West Virginia References Category:School districts in West Virginia Category:West Virginia school stubs |
Pashaki Pashaki or Pashki (), also rendered as Pashakh, may refer to: Bala Mahalleh-ye Pashaki Pain Mahalleh-ye Pashaki |
Mossovet Theatre Mossovet State Academic Theatre (Государственный академический театр имени Театр Моссовета) is one of the oldest theatres of Moscow, opened in 1923 and based at Bolshaya Sadovaya, 16. History Mossovet Theater was created in 1923 by the theatre entrepreneur S.I.Prokofiev, first as the Theater of Moscow Provincial Council of Trade Unions (MGSPS). In 1925–1940 it was led by E.O. Lyubimov-Lanskoy and in 1938 changed its name to the Theatre of Moscow City Council (Teatr Moscovskovo soveta) later to be shortened to its present form. The theatre progressed greatly during the reign of actor and direstor Yury Zavadsky (the protégé of Konstantin Stanislavski) which started in 1940 and lasted up to 1977. In those years the Mossovet became home to such Soviet stage stars as Vera Maretskaya, Nikolai Mordvinov, Faina Ranevskaya, Lyubov Orlova, Rostislav Plyatt, Boris Ivanov, Georgiy Zhzhonov, Gennady Bortnikov, Mikhail Kozakov, Yury Kuzmenkov. In 1964 the theatre for its artistic achievements was given the Academic Theatre status. With the arrival of Pavel Khomsky in the mid-1970s the Mossovet Theatre started to experiment, using several scenes: In the Foyer, the Small Scene and the (120 seats-strong) Under the Roof scene – the latter opened in 1990 with the premier of Pyotr Fomenko's Kaligula. The theatre's Main scene (894 seats) features mostly classical adaptations, along with productions of contemporary directors (Pavel Khomsky, Yuri Eremin, Andrey Konchalovsky, Nina Tchusova and others). At the present, the Mossovet troupe includes Margarita Terekhova, Sergey Yursky, Olga Ostroumova, Valentin Gaft, Alexander Domogarov, Evgeniy Steblov, Alexander Filippenko, Alexander Lenkov, Olga Kabo, Gosha Kutsenko, Evgenya Kryukova, Valery Yaryomenko, Ekaterina Guseva and Margarita Shubina, among many others. Troupe Past Valeriya Dementyeva (1923–1933) Stepan Kuznetsov (1923–1935) Tatyana Pelttser (1923 – 1930, 1931 – 1934, 1938 – 1940) Nikolay Firsov (1923–1940) Boris Volkov (1924–1940) Yelena Shatrova (1924–1925) Boris Babochkin (1925–1927) Sergey Godzi (1926–1976) Tamara Oganezova (1925–1976) Nikolay Litvinov (1926–1930) Nina Knyagninskaya (1928) Alexander Viner (1928) Raisa Karelina-Raich (1933–1948) Nikolay Yakushenko (1934–1935) Vladimir Zeldin (1935–1938) Olga Viklandt (1935–1949) Nikolay Parfyonov (1935–1989) Arkady Vovsy (1936–1938) Sergey Dneprov (1936–1953) Pavel Geraga (1939–1968) Vera Maretskaya (1940–1978) Ivan Pelttser (1940–1946) Boris Olenin (1937 – 1938, 1942) Alexander Shatov (1938–1946) Nikolay Mordvinov (1940–1966) Boris Lavrov (1941–1978) Olga Yakunina (1942–1986) Mikhail Nazvanov (1942–1950) Rostislav Plyatt (1943–1989) Sergey Tseits (1943–1994) Vsevolod Sanayev (1943–1946) Osip Abdulov (1943–1953) Sara Bregman (1944–1982) Boris Ivanov (1944–2002) Konstantin Mikhaylov (1944–1988) Lyudmila Shaposhnikova (1944–2003) Alexander Gorbatov (1944–1949) Boris Novikov (1948) Anatoly Adoskin (1948 – 1961, 1968) Ethel Kovenskaya (1949–1972) Faina Ranevskaya (1949 – 1955, 1963 – 1984) Mikhail Sidorkin (1949–1963) Mikhail Pogorzhelsky (1949–1995) Alla Sevastyanova (1949–1963) Georgy Slabinyak (1950–1976) Elena Starodomskaya (1950–1959) Varvara Soshalskaya-Rozalion (1950–1991) Valentina Serova (1951–1959) Tamara Thernova (1953–1991) Mikhail Lvov (1954–1989) Lyubov Orlova (1955–1975) Elvira Brunovaskaya (1957–1999) Vadim Kucherovsky (1957–1964) Rudolf Rudin (1958–1962) Vadim Beroyev (1958–1972) Tatyana Talyzina (1958) Serafima Birman (1959–1977) Gennady Nekrasov (1960–1985) Iya Savvina (1960–1977) Nikolai Afonin (1961–2008) Nikolai Burlyayev (1961–1966) Vladimir Seleznyov (1962–1971) Oleg Anofriev (1962–1973) Irina Kvitinskaya (1962–2004) Gennady Bortnikov (1963–2007) Valery Zolotukhin (1963–1964) Vladimir Shibankov (1963–1964) Vladimir Dyomin (1964–1974) Yuriy Kuzmenkov (1964–2011) Galina Vanuyshkina (1964–1985) Leonid Markov (1966 – 1986, 1987 – 1991) Zemphira Tsakhilova (1966–1975) Georgy Zhzhyonov (1968–2005) Irina Kalinovskaya (1969–1973) Vyatcheslav Persiyanov-Dubrov (1970–1974) Marina Neyolova (1973–1974) Vladimir Konkin (1973–1974) Yan Arlazorov (1974–1989) Igor Starygin (1974–1983) Sergey Prokhanov (1974–1990) Aristarkh Livanov (1977–1986) Irina Muravyova (1977–1991) Lyudmila Drebneva (1978–1989) Natalya Medvedeva (1979–1981) Natalya Tenyakova (1979–1989) Andrey Nikolayev (1981–1994) Boris Nevzorov (1984–1986) Yulia Zhzhyonova (1984–2005) Pavel Khomsky (1985) Svetlana Shershneva (1985) Nikolai Prokopovich (1986–2005) Vitaly Solomin (1987–1988) Dmitry Prodanov (1987–1997) Irina Klimova (1988 – 1993, 1999) Nikolay Baskanchin (1992–2008) Aleksey Shkatov (1992–1995) Yevgeniya Kryukova (1993) Dmitry Osherov (1994–2008) Present Vladimir Sulimov (1960) Tatyana Bestayeva (1961) Nina |
Drobysheva (1962) Margarita Terekhova (1964 – 1983, 1987) Alexander Lenkov (1965) Leonid Senchenko (1966) Evgeniy Steblov (1969) Nelly Pshennaya (1969) Leonid Fomin (1972) Margarita Yudina (1972) Valentina Kareva (1973) Georgiy Taratorkin (1974) Larisa Naumkina (1975) Vladimir Goryushin (1977) Olga Anokhina (1977) Alexey Shmarinov (1977) Sergey Yursky (1978) Viktor Gordeev (1979) Valery Storozhik (1979) Larisa Kuznetsova (1980) Yelena Beroyeva (1981) Boris Khimichev (1982) Stepan Starichkov (1983) Vera Kanshina (1983) Andrey Sergeev (1983) Olga Ostroumova (1983) Elena Valyushkina (1984) Valery Yaryomenko (1986) Alexander Bobrovsky (1986) Margarita Shubina (1989) Yuri Tcherkasov (1990) Dmitry Zhuravlyov (1990) Gennady Korotkov (1992) Dmitry Beroyev (1993) Alexander Yatsko (1993) Olga Mokhovaya (1993) Marina Kondratyeva (1994) Alexander Domogarov (1995) Anatoly Vasilyev (1995) Tatyana Rodionova (1995) Alexander Domogarov (1995) Dmitry Shcherbina (1995) Alexander Pashutin (1996) Alyona Galliardt (1996) Olga Kabo (2002) Mikhail Shults (2002) Oleg Kuznetsov (2003) Yekaterina Guseva (2003) Anna Garnova (2003) Liliya Volkova (2004) Tatyana Khramova (2004) Alina Gudareva (2006) Lyudmila Svitova (2007) Mikhail Filippov (2008) Gosha Kutsenko (2008) Olga Sukhareva (2009) Vladislav Bokovin (2010) Nil Kropalov (2012) References External links Category:Theatres in Moscow Category:Theatre companies in Russia Category:1923 establishments in Russia |
1964 Gabonese parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Gabon on 12 April 1964. The elections were originally scheduled to be held during the week of an abortive coup, but President Leon M'ba of the Gabonese Democratic Bloc (BDG) dissolved the National Assembly and rescheduled them for 12 April. Despite widespread lack of free speech and intimidation of voters, the opposition still garnered 45% of the vote. Background The elections were originally to be held the week of an abortive coup. As a result of the coup, M'ba dissolved the National Assembly and rescheduled them for 12 April. Upon insistence of the French government, M'ba allowed opposition candidates to run, which it claimed was the main reason for the coup. However, opposition leaders were barred from participating because of their involvement in the coup, and known anti-M'ba organizers were deported to remote parts of the country. Campaign The Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG) practically disappeared from the political scene, as many of its leaders had been jailed because of the coup, and M'ba's opposition was composed of parties that lacked national focus and maintained only regional or pro-democracy platforms. The two major factions of this were the one who supported Aubame and one who was headed by a trade union leader Conduct M'ba was known to have bribed voters with banknotes, and serious electoral irregularities were reported. France closely followed the elections, deporting a Peace Corps teacher. The French military still maintained a presence in the country, which may have been intimidating voters, and also distributed leaflets and supported M'ba by other means. Results Despite issues with the elections, the opposition received 45% of the vote and 16 of 47 seats in the National Assembly, while the BDG received 55% of the vote and 31 seats. The opposition disputed the results, and held strikes across the country, though these did not have a sizeable impact on business. References 1964 Category:1964 elections in Africa Category:1964 in Gabon |
Primary School Evaluation Test (Malaysia) Primary School Achievement Test, also known as Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (commonly abbreviated as UPSR; Malay), is a national examination taken by all students in Malaysia at the end of their sixth year in primary school before they leave for secondary school. It is prepared and examined by the Malaysian Examinations Syndicate (Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia), an agency that constitutes the Ministry of Education. Starting from 2016, students in national schools (sekolah kebangsaan) are required to take six subjects. Students in Chinese and Tamil national-type schools (sekolah jenis kebangsaan) are required to take two additional language subjects, totalling eight subjects. Multiple choice questions are tested using a standardised optical answer sheet that uses optical mark recognition for detecting answers. This exam is held annually on the first Monday of September. The score is calculated based on a bell curve, thus the passing grade is reflected by the yearly performance. Subjects The subjects that are taken in this exam include: Bahasa Malaysia (Pemahaman or Malay Comprehension) Bahasa Malaysia (Penulisan or Malay Writing) Mathematics Science English (Comprehension) English (Writing) Chinese (Pemahaman or Chinese Comprehension) - Compulsory for Chinese school students only Chinese (Penulisan or Chinese Writing) - Compulsory for Chinese school students only Tamil (Pemahaman or Tamil Comprehension) - Compulsory for Tamil school students only Tamil (Penulisan or Tamil Writing) - Compulsory for Tamil school students only Each of the two Bahasa Malaysia subjects is offered at two different levels: the harder SK level and the easier SJK level, due to the difference in the Bahasa Malaysia syllabus taught in SK and SJK. However, SJK students may opt to sit for the SK paper with permission from their schools. Mathematics The mathematics examination is divided into two papers, paper 1 and paper 2. Starting from 2016,the exam is one hour long for each paper. Paper 1 is a multiple choice paper and consists of forty questions, all have a one-point score value. Paper 2 is the subjective area of Maths. There are 15 questions here in total, the first five questions have a three-point score value, questions 6-10 have a four-point score value, and the last five have a five-point score value. Questions that are frequently asked in this exam are fractions, subtraction, multiplication, division, addition, area and volume, mass, perimeter, decimal points, average, data, digit numbers, percentage, money, time, date and duration. Science Starting from 2016, the science examination is divided into two papers, paper 1 and paper 2. Each paper lasts for an hour. For paper 1, students are given 40 multiple choice questions with a weight of one mark each. For paper 2, students answer subjective questions. In the subjective paper, there are eight questions and each question has 3 to 5 sub-questions which carry 1 to 3 marks depending on the question. The total weight that can be given here is 40. When one adds the score of both papers, that person must multiply it by 1.25 to get the grand total. The first batch who took this exam were the candidates sitting for the UPSR year 1997. Examining and result After the completion of all exams, the examination papers will be brought to centres across the country to be evaluated. The distribution of papers across all the states can be random or otherwise, according to the wishes of the invigilator. All objective answer sheets are examined by computer, and all subjective answer sheets are marked by professional examiners. After completion the examination of all papers, the marks will be registered into an online system. A council will be called to ascertain the specific |
marks for the grade of each subject (the standard mark for an 'A' grade is 80 and above, however, should the year's cohort perform badly, the marks may be lowered to 70+ and above for an 'A'). It also may be 85+ for an A.The results are then printed and distributed to the education department of every district. Usually, the results are announced on the last Thursday of the school year (it is the second-last day of school for all states except Terengganu, Kelantan,Kedah and Johor where it is the final day of school for the year), but in some years, it is published during the school holidays. A new grading scheme was introduced in 2016 as below: A: 80-100 B: 65-79 C: 50-64 D: 40-49 E: 0-39 Grade E is the only failing grade for all subjects. Format change In 2016, several changes were made to the format of all the important subjects : Pemahaman The Pemahaman paper has 2 sections, A and B. Section A has 20 objective questions for 40 marks and Section B has 5 questions for 60 marks.This exam lasted for 1 hour and 15 minutes. Penulisan The new format for Penulisan consists of three sections, namely A, B and C. The time allowed is one hour and fifteen minutes. For section A, a picture will be given. Then, pupils must build five compound sentences based on the picture. The marks allocated for this section is 20. Occasionally, however, pictures might not be provided and to substitute that, candidates might be asked to write sentences about a graph, a mind map, multiple images, or a time table. For section B, candidates must write a review about the stimulus given to be written on the UPSR paper. The marks allocated for this section is 30 marks. For Section C, The student must choose one out of two questions and write an essay of between 60 and 100 words.The marks allocated for this section is 50 marks. English English now has Comprehension and Writing papers, unlike the previous single paper. The questions in the Comprehension paper are grouped into two sections: A with 20 multiple choice questions dealing with Grammar, Vocabulary and Comprehension; and B with 5 questions, dealing with Social expressions, Comprehension, and HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) 2014 UPSR paper leak On 10 September 2014, the Examinations Syndicate had made a statement stating that instead of the Science paper(018, 028, 038) being sat the next day, it would be postponed to 30 September. The reason given for the postponement was due to the fact that the question paper was leaked on social media. A few days later, another statement had been made saying that the English paper(014) has also been leaked and will be sat on the same day. About a week later, the Education Ministry announced that the Tamil(036, 037) and Maths (Paper 1(015/1, 025/1, 035/1)) papers were also found to be hacked, and would be sat on 9 October. See also Education in Malaysia Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia (STPM) Ujian Nasional External links Malaysian Ministry of Education official website References Category:Standardized tests Category:Education in Malaysia |
Belair Stable Museum (Bowie, Maryland) The Belair Stable Museum is located at 2835 Belair Drive in Bowie, Maryland. It is operated by the City of Bowie, Maryland. The building once housed the Belair Stud Farm until 1957 when the Woodward family sold the Belair Estate to Levitt & Sons for the construction of Belair at Bowie. This U-shaped sandstone equine stable was built in 1907 for James T. Woodward, then owner of the Belair Mansion. The elaborate stable building reflects Belair's long and distinguished association with thoroughbred horse racing and breeding. The stable sits on located about 1000 feet northeast of the Belair Mansion. Once part of the large estate, the stable building is now surrounded by residential development. The building itself is a U-shaped structure with a -story main block and single-story flanking wings, forming an open exercise yard to the center. Further reading References External links Belair Stable Museum in the City of Bowie, Maryland National Register of Historic Places The City of Bowie, Maryland Belair Stable Historical Marker Category:Buildings and structures in Bowie, Maryland Category:Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Category:Museums in Prince George's County, Maryland Category:Sports museums in Maryland Category:Equestrian museums in the United States Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1907 Category:National Register of Historic Places in Prince George's County, Maryland |
Esumi Esumi may refer to: , Japanese model, actress and writer Esumi Station, a railway station in Susami, Nishimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan Category:Japanese-language surnames |
2015 ATP Shenzhen Open The 2015 ATP Shenzhen Open was a professional men's tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament, and part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2015 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Shenzhen Longgang Tennis Centre in Shenzhen, China from September 28 to October 4. Singles main draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of September 21, 2015 Other Entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Bai Yan Wu Di Zhang Ze The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Matthew Ebden Hiroki Moriya Takuto Niki Zhang Zhizhen Withdrawals Before the tournament Pablo Andújar →replaced by Hyeon Chung Borna Ćorić →replaced by Austin Krajicek Martin Kližan →replaced by James Duckworth Philipp Kohlschreiber →replaced by Go Soeda Donald Young →replaced by John Millman During the tournament Adrian Mannarino (Right Hip Impingement) Retirements Victor Estrella Burgos (Upper Back Injury) Ernests Gulbis (Right Wrist Injury) Doubles main draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings are as of September 21, 2015 Other entrants The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: Bai Yan / Wu Di Gong Maoxin / Michael Venus Champions Singles Tomáš Berdych def. Guillermo García-López 6-3,7-6(9-7) Doubles Jonathan Erlich / Colin Fleming def. Chris Guccione / André Sá 6-1,6-7(3-7),[10-6] References External links Official site ATP Shenzhen Open ATP Shenzhen Open ATP Shenzhen Open ATP Shenzhen Open |
Delay-action bomb A delay-action bomb is an aerial bomb designed to explode some time after impact, with the bomb's fuzes set to delay the explosion for times ranging from very brief to several weeks. Short delays were used to allow the bomb to penetrate before exploding: "a delay action bomb striking the roof of a tall building will penetrate through several floors before bursting". A short delay would also prevent a fighter-bomber or ground-attack aircraft getting caught in the blast of its own bomb after a low-altitude attack. Longer delays were intended to disrupt salvage and other activities, to spread terror in areas where there could still be live bombs and to attack bomb disposal workers. Such bombs were used widely by British, American, and German forces during World War II. One use was to hamper and delay reconstruction and repair of bombed airfields. Towards the end of the war both British and German bombs became de facto mines, with a secondary fuze mechanism activated by light tilting or magnets to kill those trying to disarm them. See also Anti-handling device Bomb disposal Danger UXB, a 1979 British ITV television series set during the Second World War Laydown delivery (nuclear weapons) Time bomb References Sources Category:Aerial bombs |
Hankyu Hanshin Hotels is a chain of hotels headquartered in Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan. It is a subsidiary of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings. As of today, it has 46 properties (opened or announced) in Japan, 19 directly operated and 27 under franchise management. History The origins of the business can be traced back to 1926, when Ichizō Kobayashi, the founder of Hankyu Railway acquired the Takarazuka Hotel in Takarazuka. On August 8, 1964, the New Hankyu Hotel opened in Umeda, Osaka, incorporated with Hankyu Umeda Station. On May 26, 2000, Daiichi Hotel Ltd. went bankrupt after applying for the Corporate Rehabilitation Law. On November 1, 2001, Hankyu Corporation invested 1 billion yen to purchase the Daiichi Hotels Group. Following its acquisition in 2002, it became a subsidiary of Hankyu Hotels. On April 1, 2005, Hankyu-Daiichi Hotels Company Ltd. and Hotel New Hankyu Group was merged to become Hankyu-Daiichi Hotels Group. On October 1, 2006, Hankyu Holdings became the wholly owning parent company of Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd. and the holdings were renamed Hankyu Hanshin Holdings, Inc. Hankyu-Daiichi Hotels also changed the legal name to Hankyu Hanshin-Daiichi Hotels Co., Ltd. on the same day. Group hotels Japan Hankyu Hotels Kantō Tokyo Ginza Creston Hotel (Chūō) Kansai Hyōgo Prefecture Takarazuka Hotel (Takarazuka) Kyoto Prefecture Hotel New Hankyu Kyoto (Kyoto) Osaka Prefecture Hotel Hankyu International (Osaka) Hotel New Hankyu Osaka (Osaka) Hotel New Hankyu Annex (Osaka) Senri Hankyu Hotel (Toyonaka) Hotel Hankyu Expo Park (Suita) Shikoku Kōchi Prefecture The Crown Palais New Hankyu Kochi (Kōchi) Hanshin Hotels Kansai Osaka Prefecture Hotel Hanshin Osaka (Osaka) Hotel Hanshin Annex Osaka (Osaka) Remm Remm is the brand name for city hotels. Kantō Tokyo Remm Hibiya (Chiyoda) Remm Akihabara (Chiyoda) Remm Roppongi (Minato) Remm Tokyo Kyobashi (Chūō) Kansai Osaka Prefecture Remm Shin-Osaka (Osaka) Kyūshū Kagoshima Prefecture Remm Kagoshima (Kagoshima) Daiichi Hotels Tōhoku Yamagata Prefecture Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Tsuruoka (Tsuruoka) Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Yonezawa (Yonezawa) Kantō Kanagawa Prefecture Daiichi Inn Shonan (Fujisawa) Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Tokyo (Minato) Daiichi Hotel Annex (Chiyoda) Daiichi Hotel Tokyo Seafort (Shinagawa) Daiichi Hotel Ryogoku (Sumida) Daiichi Inn Ikebukuro (Toshima) Kichijōji Daiichi Hotel (Musashino) Chūbu Aichi Prefecture Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Nishiki (Nagoya) Toyama Prefecture Toyama Daiichi Hotel (Toyama) Daiichi Inn Shinminato (Imizu) Kansai Osaka Prefecture Osaka Daiichi Hotel (Osaka) Shiga Prefecture Hotel Boston Plaza Kusatsu (Kusatsu) Chūgoku Yamaguchi Prefecture Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Shimonoseki (Shimonoseki) Shikoku Ehime Prefecture Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Matsuyama (Matsuyama) Imabari International Hotel (Imabari) Kagawa Prefecture Takamatsu International Hotel (Takamatsu) Others Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Iwanuma Resort (Iwanuma) Tokyo Daiichi Hotel Shin-Shirakawa (Shirakawa) Hotel Ours Inn Hankyu (Shinagawa) Umeda OS Hotel (Osaka) Arima Kirari (Kobe) Amanohashidate Hotel (Miyazu) Hotel Royal Hill Fukuchiyama & Spa (Fukuchiyama) Hotel Bay Gulls (Tajiri, Sennan District, Osaka) Hotel Ichibata: (Matsue) Kure Hankyu Hotel: (Kure) JR Hotel Clement Takamatsu: (Takamatsu) JR Hotel Clement Tokushima: (Tokushima) Gallery See also Hankyu Hanshin Holdings References External links Category:Companies based in Osaka Prefecture Category:Hospitality companies of Japan Category:Hotel chains in Japan Category:Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Category:Japanese brands |
William J. Bradley William James Lee Bradley (May 5, 1852 – October 13, 1916) was an American patternmaker, engineer, businessman and Republican Party politician who served as Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly and President of the New Jersey Senate. Biography Bradley was born in Sharptown, Maryland on May 5, 1852, the oldest child of Thomas Dryden Badley and Margaret Matilda Morris. After the Civil War, his family moved to Wilmington, Delaware and then to Camden, New Jersey. In Camden he worked as a receiver at the Storey Cotton Company. In 1873 he joined the American Dredging Company of Philadelphia as a patternmaker, and rose through the ranks to become Chief Engineer and later General Superintendent of the Camden yards. In 1895 he designed the hydraulic dredge Delaware, and supervised its construction—on time and below budget—in a collaborative effort with the Bucyrus Steam Shovel & Dredge Company. Bradley became president of American Dredging in April 1908 on the death of his predecessor, L. Y. Schermerhorn. Bradley's political career began in 1892, when he was elected to the Camden City Council. He was also elected to the General Assembly and was re-elected four times. He was named Speaker of the Assembly for the 1901 and 1902 sessions. In 1902 he was elected to the State Senate, serving three terms for Camden County. He was chosen as President of the Senate in 1905 and 1906. Bradley was one of the few politicians in state history to hold the leadership posts in both the Assembly and the Senate. In 1911, Bradley diverged from his Republican colleagues, supporting a number of legislative reforms favored by Governor Woodrow Wilson. In retaliation, Republican party leadership defeated his renomination to the Senate. Bradley died on October 13, 1916 following an emergency operation for uremic poisoning at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. His widow received the following condolences from President Wilson: "My dear Mrs Bradley, It is with genuine grief that I have heard of the death of your husband. I learned in my association with him at Trenton to respect his character and judgment very deeply, and I feel that in him we have lost a man of high principle and great public usefulness. I felt that I could not deny myself this expression of admiration and deep regret. Cordially and sincerely yours, Woodrow Wilson." References External links William J. Bradley at The Political Graveyard Category:1852 births Category:1916 deaths Category:19th-century American engineers Category:New Jersey Republicans Category:Speakers of the New Jersey General Assembly Category:Patternmakers (industrial) Category:Politicians from Camden, New Jersey Category:Presidents of the New Jersey Senate Category:19th-century American politicians Category:Engineers from New Jersey |
Acrobasis frankella Acrobasis frankella is a species of snout moth in the genus Acrobasis. It was described by Roesler in 1975. It is found in China. References Category:Moths described in 1975 Category:Acrobasis Category:Moths of China |
Expo-daero Expo-daero() is the road connecting Dolsan Intersection in Dolsan-eup, Yeosu, South Jeolla and Seongsangyo in Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon, South Jeolla. The all section is part of National Route 17, and from Deogyang Intersection to end of road is part of Local Route 22. This road was opened to traffic on 12 April 2012 for Expo 2012. History 20 January 2012: opened to temporary traffic (17.36 km; Sora-myeon, Yeosu – Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon) 12 April 2012: opened to traffic (38.8 km) List of Facilities (■): Motorway (자동차전용도로; Jadongcha Jeonyong Doro) IC: Interchange (나들목; Nadeulmok) IS: Intersection (교차로; Gyocharo) 3-IS: 3-way Intersection (삼거리; Samgeori) 4-IS: 4-way Intersection (사거리; Sageori) BR: Big Bridge (대교; Daegyo) br: bridge (교; Gyo) TN: tunnel (터널; Teoneol) References Category:Roads in South Jeolla Category:Yeosu Category:Suncheon |
Ward No. 1 (Dhaka South City Corporation) Ward No. 1 Dhaka South City Corporation () is an administrative division of Dhaka South City Corporation in zone 1, which formally known as ward no. 24 of Dhaka City Corporation. It's located in Khilgaon police station of Dhaka City. It forms a city corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of Bangladesh Jatiyo Sangshad constituency Dhaka-9. Overview The ward covers Block A and B in Khilgaon police station in Dhaka. The boundaries of the ward are: Goran is in the east, Malibage is in the west, Taltola choudhury para is in the north and Basabo area is in the south. Election highlights Election result References External links Official website Category:Wards of Dhaka South City Corporation |
List of newspapers in Maryland This is a list of newspapers in Maryland. Daily and weekly newspapers (currently published) Defunct See also List of newspapers in Maryland in the 18th century Ethnic press in Baltimore Maryland media List of radio stations in Maryland List of television stations in Maryland Media of locales in Maryland: Baltimore, College Park, Cumberland, Frederick, Gaithersburg Journalism: :Category:Journalists from Maryland University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of Journalism in College Park Maryland literature Fake news websites in the United States References Bibliography (+ List of titles 50+ years old) George C. Keidel. The Earliest German Newspapers of Baltimore: An Essay. Washington: Privately printed, 1927 External links (Directory ceased in 2017) (Includes Maryland newspapers) Images |
Mutafariq Chahan Mutafariq Chahan is a town and union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. References Category:Populated places in Dera Ghazi Khan District Category:Union councils of Dera Ghazi Khan District |
1930 Monaco Grand Prix The 1930 Monaco Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Circuit de Monaco on 6 April 1930. Frenchman René Dreyfus won the race in a privateer Bugatti, ahead of the works Bugattis of Louis Chiron and Guy Bouriat. The race was somewhat marred by allegations of race-fixing. Entries Starting grid Note: grid slots were determined by drawing lots (Bowes, Ferrari and Frankl had provisionally been due to start on the first, third and fourth row, respectively). Classification Race References External links Monaco Category:Monaco Grand Prix Grand Prix |
Murano, Toronto Murano Condominiums, is a two-tower residential high-rise condominium complex located alongside Bay Street, near the intersection of College Street in the Discovery District of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Construction of the North tower (37 Grosvenor Street) was completed in the winter of 2008/9. The South tower (38 Grenville Street) was completed in 2010. The North and South towers are joined by a two-storey podium with planned retail and recreational facilities, including a roof-top garden and glass public art feature. Architecture Designed by Peter Clewes of architectsAlliance, Murano was marketed as a "fusion of art, architecture and glass." Toronto City Planning stated that the Murano, together with the neighboring Burano, has "significantly contributed to the improvement of the streetscape and the public realm." Comparable Toronto structures designed by Clewes include SP!RE and Casa Condominio Residenza. Construction Problems Since late 2010, panes of balcony glass have shattered and fallen to the street below. An occurrence on one of Toronto's hottest days on record (6 July 2012) resulted in the closure of Grosvenor Street and St. Vincent Lane. The North tower lobby entrance was condemned by the City of Toronto pending the resolution of this problem. More glass fell on August 1 at 3 am and at midday. Police closed the northbound lane of Bay between Grosvenor and Grenville Streets, expecting the closure to be for a week. For the first time, glass fell from the South Tower on August 15 at 11:30 AM, injuring a woman by slicing her wrist and leaving a puddle of blood where she was treated. “We don’t know why it’s happening, and continues to happen,” said Jim Laughlin, the city's deputy chief building inspector. The developers replaced all tempered glass with laminated glass on balconies on both towers, and sealed the balconies. The sealing of the balconies resulted in a $20 million class action lawsuit by residents and owners of the condominiums against the developers, builders and architects in 2012. References External links Official Website Category:Residential skyscrapers in Toronto |
Paracambi Paracambi () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 43,011 (2005) and its area is 179 km². Notable births Maicon Santos, professional football player References Category:Municipalities in Rio de Janeiro (state) |
Śląsko Śląsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipsko, within Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Warsaw. References Category:Villages in Lipsko County |
Harvey's duiker The Harvey's red duiker (Cephalophus harveyi) is one of 19 species of duiker found in Tanzania and scattered through Kenya, southern Somalia and possibly central Ethiopia. Harvey's duikers are roughly 40 cm (15 in) tall at the shoulder and weigh around 15 kg (33 lb), on average. They have mostly chestnut coats, but their legs and faces are black. Harvey's duikers live in mountain and lowland forest, where they eat leaves, twigs, fruit, insects, birds eggs, and carrion. Although this duiker is not endangered, it is dependent on protected forestland. As of 2008, this species is of least concern. References Harvey's duiker Category:Fauna of East Africa Category:Mammals of Kenya Category:Mammals of Tanzania Harvey's duiker |
L'Ambiance Plaza collapse The L'Ambiance Plaza collapse was one of the worst disasters in modern Connecticut history. L'Ambiance Plaza was a 16-story residential project under construction in Bridgeport, Connecticut at the corner of Washington Avenue and Coleman Street. Its partially erect frame completely collapsed on April 23, 1987, killing 28 construction workers. Failure was possibly due to high concrete stresses on the floor slabs by the placement process resulting in cracking, ending in a type of punch-through failure. Several observers suggested the collapse was preventable and highlighted the deficiencies of the lift slab construction technique. This collapse prompted a major nationwide federal investigation into lift slab construction as well as a temporary moratorium on its use in Connecticut. In November 1988, less than two years after the disaster, a $41 million settlement of all legal claims arising from a disaster was achieved through mediation, avoiding years of potential litigation. Two judges–Robert C. Zampano of U.S. District Court and Frank S. Meadow of Connecticut Superior Court—mediated the dispute "through informal conferences among nearly 100 lawyers representing the victims' families and 40 contractors and subcontractors." See also Structural failure Catastrophic failure Progressive collapse References External links Category:1987 disasters in the United States Category:1987 in Connecticut Category:Buildings and structures in Bridgeport, Connecticut Category:Building collapses in the United States Category:Disasters in Connecticut Category:Construction accidents in the United States Category:History of Bridgeport, Connecticut |
Cordycipitaceae The Cordycipitaceae are a family of parasitic fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes and order Hypocreales. The family was first published in 1969 by mycologist Hanns Kreisel, but the naming was invalid according to the code of International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. It was validly published in 2007. Description Cordycipitaceae species have stromata or subicula that are pallid or brightly pigmented and fleshy. Their perithecia are superficial to completely immersed in the substrate, and oriented at right angles to the surface of the stroma. The asci are cylindrical with a thickened ascus tip. Ascospores are usually cylindrical, contain multiple septa, and disarticulate into part-spores or remain intact at maturity. Genera Akanthomyces Ascopolyporus Beauveria – anamorph Beejasamuha Cordyceps Coremiopsis Engyodontium – anamorph Gibellula Hyperdermium Insecticola Isaria – anamorph Lecanicillium – anamorph Microhilum – anamorph Phytocordyceps Pseudogibellula Rotiferophthora Simplicillium – anamorph Torrubiella References External links Category:Cordycipitaceae Category:Ascomycota families |
Salva Díez Salvador Díez Zapata (born April 21, 1963 in Albelda de Iregua, Spain) is a retired Spanish professional basketball player. Clubs 1982–83: Saski Baskonia 1983–84: Tizona Burgos 1985–89: CB 1939 Canarias 1989–93: Valencia BC 1993–97: FC Barcelona 1997–00: CB Sevilla 2000–01: Benfica 2001–03: CB Clavijo Awards Liga ACB (3): 1994–95, 1995–96,1996–97 Copa del Rey (1): 1993–94 References ACB Profile Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:Spanish men's basketball players Category:Liga ACB players Category:Valencia Basket players Category:Real Betis Baloncesto players Category:FC Barcelona Bàsquet players Category:Saski Baskonia players Category:CB Canarias players Category:Point guards Category:Riojan people |
Sean Earley Sean Earley (May 7, 1953 - May, 1992) was an American artist who resided mostly in the state of Texas. In addition to his fine art, mostly oil on canvas, he worked as a commercial illustrator. His work has appeared in the Texas Monthly and has been exhibited at the Whitney Museum and Houston Texas' Alternative Museum. He is widely thought to have died of complications from AIDS. Today, Todd and Lola Lott of Dallas, TX have the largest collection of Earley's paintings. The Lott's collection includes the entire Presidential Composite Series; 46 presidential portraits from Washington to Reagan. The largest collection outside of Texas is at Bridgewater Fine Arts in New York City. References External links Leaving A Legacy - The Sean Earley Retrospective at Boyd Sean Earley - Bridgewater Fine Arts Category:1953 births Category:1992 deaths Category:Artists from Texas Category:AIDS-related deaths in Texas |
Republican Party of Puerto Rico The Republican Party of Puerto Rico () is the local affiliate of the national United States Republican Party in Puerto Rico. The affiliation started in 1903. The party does not participate in the November elections mandated by the Constitution of Puerto Rico for local registered political parties because it is not a registered party in Puerto Rico for local electoral purposes. Instead, the party holds its own elections to select the Puerto Rico delegates to the Republican National Convention and holds presidential primaries on the last Sunday of February. The Republican Party of Puerto Rico's ideology supports statehood for Puerto Rico. Congresswoman Jenniffer González-Colón, resident commissioner of Puerto Rico, is the current local party chairperson. The local affiliate is based in San Juan, Puerto Rico. History The origin of the Republican Party of Puerto Rico can be traced to the aftermath of the Spanish–American War. Once the Spanish–American War came to an end in 1898, Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States. At that point, the former Spanish colonial-era parties that existed in Puerto Rico were forced to redefine themselves given the new political reality created by the change in sovereignty. On 4 July 1899, the dissenting wing of one of such parties, the Partido Autonomista (Autonomist Party), which had just formed Partido Autonomista Ortodoxo in 1897, founded a party with an ideology of annexation to the United States and called it Partido Republicano de Puerto Rico (Republican Party of Puerto Rico). This new party favored joining the United States as a federated state and was led by Dr. José Celso Barbosa. In 1903 the Republican Party of Puerto Rico affiliated itself with the U.S. Republican Party. In 1924 Partido Republicano de Puerto Rico split into two factions: one faction joined with the Union Party to form the Alianza (The Alliance), a pro-autonomy group, and the other faction, renamed itself Partido Republicano Puro (Pure Republican Party) and joined with the Socialist Party to form the pro-statehood Coalición (The Coalition). The 1924 split brought Partido Republicano de Puerto Rico to an end, and Coalición became the de facto pro-statehood ideology. Ideology The Republican Party of Puerto Rico believes in equal and full citizenship rights for U.S. citizens of Puerto Rico, and that this can only be achieved through statehood for Puerto Rico. Republican presidential primaries 2016 results See also Democratic Party (Puerto Rico) Republican Party (United States) Republican Party of Puerto Rico (1899) References Notes External links Republican Party of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Statehood Student Association Category:Political parties established in 1903 Puerto Rico Category:Statehood movement in Puerto Rico Category:Political parties in Puerto Rico |
Multiplayer BattleTech: EGA Multiplayer BattleTech was a PC MMORPG BattleTech game developed by Kesmai and featured on the now defunct GEnie online gaming network. Gameplay It featured a text-based chat component for roleplaying, team development and battle planning and a 3D battle simulator component. The game engine was based on a heavily modified version of the original MechWarrior. Multiplayer BattleTech was followed by Multiplayer Battletech: Solaris. Reception Computer Gaming World in 1993 stated that "Fans of MechWarrior will not want to miss this next generation of the classic simulation ... both addicting and satisfying". A 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game four stars out of five, stating that "The licensed BattleTech universe is put to good use here ... the long-term satisfaction of role-playing combined with the quick-playing thrill of a simulation". In June 1994 Multiplayer BattleTech won Computer Gaming Worlds "Online Game of the Year" award. The editors called it "a simulation that looks like Activision's classic MechWarrior, but performs significantly better with real human 'mech pilots on your flanks." References Category:1992 video games Category:DOS games Category:DOS-only games Category:Multiplayer online games Category:BattleTech games Category:Video games based on miniatures games Category:Video games developed in the United States |
Islands of Africa The islands of Africa are a major geographical sub-region of Africa, and represent a distinct demographic and historical cultural sphere of influence on the continent. Introduction The islands of Africa can be subdivided into Indian Ocean Islands and Atlantic Ocean Islands. The largest number of islands of Africa are found in the Indian Ocean, with the sovereign island nations of Comoros, Seychelles, Mauritius and Madagascar located off the southeastern seaboard of Africa being the most notable. The French overseas territories of Mayotte and Réunion are also located nearby. The medium-sized islands of Zanzibar and Lamu of Tanzania and Kenya, respectively, are also located in the Indian Ocean, in addition to smaller islands off the coasts of other continental countries. In the Atlantic seaboard, the largest islands are Cape Verde off the coast of West Africa and Sao Tome and Principe off the southwestern seaboard. In the Atlantic Ocean, the island of Malabo and other smaller islands of Equatorial Guinea are also notable. The Canary Islands and other territories of Spain are present in the Mediterranean Sea in the north Atlantic Ocean, and the British possessions of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and Tristan da Cunha are located off the southwestern seaboard of the continent. Geology All of the islands of Africa, except for Madagascar, are classified as small islands under the UNESCO classification system for all islands under . Madagascar, in contrast, at is the fourth-largest island in the world. In line with most characteristics of small islands, the islands of Africa with the exception of Madagascar are almost all volcanic in origin, high in structure, with low coral elevation, with some surface water resources and undergo variable weather conditions, with occasional destructive tropical cyclones. Geography and history Sovereign island nations Indian Ocean islands There are four sovereign island nations located in the Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles. These countries have interrelated histories and populations over hundreds of years of interaction. These islands, in addition to the French territories of Réunion and Mayotte make up the membership of the Indian Ocean Commission. Each of the sovereign Indian Ocean nations have complex population histories with Southeast Asian exploration and settlement, Arab trade and the Bantu migrations each playing a crucial role before later European colonization. The French settled the largest island of the Indian Ocean (and the fourth-largest globally), Madagascar, along with a group of smaller islands nearby, namely Réunion and the Comoros. Madagascar became part of the French colonial empire following two military campaigns against the Kingdom of Madagascar, which it initiated after persuading Britain to relinquish its interests in the island in exchange for control of Zanzibar off the coast of Tanganyika, an important island hub of the spices trade. The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. Atlantic Ocean islands There are two sovereign island nations in the Atlantic Ocean: São Tomé and Príncipe and Cape Verde. Both islands share some historical and demographic features, especially in relation to their uses as transit points during the Atlantic slave trade. Neither São Tomé and Príncipe nor Cape Verde were inhabited before European colonization in the wake of the Atlantic slave trade. European dependencies and territories Both Spain and France retain possession of a number of territories in Africa in the form of islands in the Mediterranean Sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the case of Spain, and in the Indian Ocean in the case of France. Italy, the United Kingdom and Portugal also |
retain possession of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean. The Canary Islands, as well as Ceuta and Melilla and the Plazas de soberania islands in the Mediterranean Sea off the northern coast of Morocco, have long been in Spanish possession since the Reconquista, although Morocco continues to challenge Spain's authority over some of the islands. Following the independence of Comoros from France, the island of Mayotte voted in 1975 to remain a French territory, and in 2011 attained the status of a French department, along with Réunion which has held that status since the 1950s. Comoros continues to challenge France's possession of Mayotte, and Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles also variously dispute France's possession of its Îles Éparses, or other scattered islands of the Indian Ocean. The United Kingdom also retains territories in the form of Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha off Africa's western seaboard in the Atlantic Ocean, as does Portugal with the islands of Madeira north of the Canary Islands and Italy with the islands of Lampedusa and Lampione off the northern coast of Tunisia. Other Many continental African countries also include many islands within their territories. Some of these islands have witnessed rising secessionist movements, most notably the islands of Zanzibar in Tanzania and Lamu in Kenya. other Somalia is also home to a large number of islands, including Bajuuni island and many more Demographics The total population of inhabitants of the islands of Africa is estimated at a little over 30 million, with the bulk of the population of the islands of Africa residing in Madagascar. Culture The islands of Africa share many cultural traits due to similar settlement and population histories. Most of the creole languages of Africa developed on the islands of Africa, and the development of the Swahili language and Malagasy language, both of which incorporate various Arabic, Persian, Bantu and Southeast Asian (in the case of Malagasy) elements, took place mostly on the Indian Ocean islands. The musical innovations of many islands of Africa from contact between Asian, European and African instruments and styles are also popular on continental Africa, most notably those of the Music of Cape Verde and Music of Zanzibar. See also List of islands of Africa References |
Shanker Shanker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Albert Shanker (1928–1997), president of the American Federation of Teachers Ram Shanker (1985–), Singaporean footballer Sasi Shanker, Indian film director Achalesh Shanker, Military Leader See also Shankar (disambiguation) |
Desktop Architect Desktop Architect is a third-party replacement for the Desktop Themes control panel in Windows 95, 98, ME and 2000. It is also fully compatible with Windows XP and Vista. However, in Vista, the startup sound does not work, and the Network Neighborhood icon has to be changed manually. It is not known at this time if this program works with Windows 7. On Windows 8.1 (Pro 64-bit) the fonts may be garbled to the point the system is rendered unusable. Changing the desktop colors (windows borders, 3D object bevels, scrollbar, etc.) do work, but the problem with text display is hard to correct since all Windows' and its applications screens are affected, and even rebooting or rolling back to a previous system restore point may be difficult. Caution is advised; since Desktop Architect allows the user to select which changes to apply, making small changes and testing the results in steps, like marking only the Colors checkbox, is recommended. Features Appearance Appearance allows users to customize the Windows Classic theme by changing the colour of various objects, such as scrollbars, active and inactive windows, menu bar, message box, window borders, window frame, selected items, font colours, 3D objects, and a few other things as well. Wallpaper Users can change the desktop wallpaper image. Sounds Systems sounds can be customized and changed. Default sounds can be removed, or can be changed to a different sound file. When browsing for sound files users can preview the sound. Icons Users can change the system icons, or restore default icons. These include folder icons, printers, My Documents, My Computer, Recycle Bin, Network Neighborhood, and more. It can also import and install 3rd party icon packages. Pointers The mouse pointers can be changed with custom cursor files, or restored to default cursors. Animated cursors can be used, also. Screen Savers Screen savers can be changed or imported, and saved with the theme file. Wizards Desktop Architect has two wizards, the Theme Package Wizard, and the Theme Install Wizard. The Theme Package Wizard compresses the theme into a zip file for distribution. The Theme Install Wizard imports and installs themes downloaded from another source. Theme Scheduler This features allows user to have themes automatically set at a specific time of year. Requirements Desktop Architect requires version 4.2 or higher of the comctl32.dll, which is located in the computers system folder. It also requires 64MB of RAM and 16-bit 1024x768 Video graphics. References Category:Windows-only software |
Athletics at the 2009 Pacific Mini Games Athletics competitions at the 2009 Pacific Mini Games were held at the Bank of the Cook Islands National Stadium in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, between September 22–26, 2009. A total of 41 events were contested, 21 by men and 20 by women. Medal summary Medal winners and their results were published on the Oceania Athletics Association webpage by Bob Snow. Complete results can also be found on the Oceania Athletics Association, and on the Cook Islands Sports and National Olympic Committee webpages. Men Women Medal table (unofficial) Participation The official start list contains 175 athletes from 17 countries. However, in the result lists, the announced 9 athletes from Guam did not appear, but only athletes from the following 16 countries: (21) (31) (25) (7) (2) (5) / (18) (7) (1) (4) (5) (13) (15) (5) (3) / (4) Notes Medals were not awarded to place-getters in events where insufficient competitors took part. Five events (Men: 3,000 metre Steeplechase, 4 × 400 metre Relay and Octathlon; Women: 10,000 metre and 4 × 100 metre Relay) had only three competitors, and one event (Women's 4 × 400 metre Relay) had only two competitors. As recorded in the list of medal winners on the official website, those events with three competitors had no bronze medal awarded, and the event with two competitors had no silver or bronze awarded (: While the athletes' names on the official website's list of medal winners appear correct, their recorded nationalities are mismatched in some cases. e.g. New Caledonians are listed as from Federated States of Micronesia, Fijians are listed as from Niue). References External links Pacific Mini Games 2009 - Athletics Pacific Games Council Oceania Athletics Association Category:Athletics at the Pacific Mini Games Category:Athletics in the Cook Islands Pacific Mini Games Category:2009 in Cook Islands sport Category:2009 Pacific Mini Games |
Mirandela Mirandela () is a city and a municipality in northeastern Portugal. The city itself has a population of about 15,000. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 23,850, in an area of 658.96 km². Mirandela is famous for its cuisine, particularly the alheiras. A round of the European Jetski Championship is held on the Tua River every Summer. The city has two campuses of higher education institutions - one belonging to the public Bragança Polytechnic Institute and one belonging to the private Instituto Piaget. History The settlements of Mirandela date back to the pre-historical period, but primarily relate to a period of Roman occupation. During this era, the main settlement of Mirandela was a Roman civitas, known then as Caladunum. There are abundant vestiges of the Roman occupation in Castelo Velho, São Martinho, Mourel and Prado Pequeno, that include copper coins from the reign of Emperor Tiberius. At this time the civitas was located in the region of São Martinho, but there are conflicting references as to the location of the main settlement, and when it was moved. Ernesto de Sales, referenced three documents that localized the Christian village near São Martinho (even as another document in 1258 disputed the existence of the village of Mirandela in or near this region): a charter, written by King Sancho I to Garcia Mendes, in 1198, to a location in Vilar de Maçada; a charter, written by King Afonso III conceded on 25 May 1250 to Mirandela; and a receipt made by notary in Mirandela, on 27 March 1275. It is clear, from the documents of King Denis, at the time when he was elaborating the defenses of the city of Guarda (2 September 1282), the transfer of the town of Mirandela to hilltop of mount São Miguel (where a small hermitage chapel existed at the time) had likely already occurred. This location was easily defendable and dominated the view of the fertile lands and river access. King Afonso III granted a foral (charter) on 25 May 1250. The magistrate of Mirandela at the time governed a region that included Torre de D. Chama, Frechas, Sesulfe, Nozelos, Vilas Boas, Vale de Asnes and Cortiços. This document was expanded and elaborated by King Denis of Portugal, when he issued an updated foral on 7 March 1291, that also stipulated that every villager, who was able to do so, contribute a horse and arms and annual stipend on São Miguel day, in September. King Denis also ordered the construction of protective walls around the main settlement and keep to support military needs. By the beginning of the 16th century, there were no remnants of a castle or walls. The castle was then describe as having three gates (Santo António, Santiago and Portela) and small doorway (São José), in addition to a traitors-gate near Quebra-Costas. It also included battlements and interior keep, near the prison block, that served as the royal residence, on his return. The Távora family was donated Mirandela around 1301, when King Denis signed over its title to Branca Lourenço, remaining in this hereditary clan until Francisco de Assis de Távora (1721-1759). The new foral later outlined the geographic divisions of the municipality. Between 1530 and 1835, the municipality of Mirandela included the following 44 places and 9 estates: Abambres, Ala, Alvites, Avantes, Brinço, Cabanelas, Caravelas, Carvalhais, Cedães, Cedainhos, Chelas, Contins, Freixeda, Mascarenhas, Miradeses, Mirandela, Pousadas, Quintas, São Salvados, Val de Lobo, Val de Salgueiro, Valtelhas, Vila Nova, Vila Verde and Vilar de Ledra. Similarly, between 1512 and 1871, the region underwent a series of territorial divisions that included the creation |
(and eventual suppression) of the municipalities of Torre de Chama, Frechas, Vale de Asnes, Abreiro, Lamas de Orelhão. Torre de Chama would be the most discontinuous: it was created 1287 by King Denis, but suppressed on 12 September, later to be resuscitated on 4 May 1512 by King Manuel, and then extinguished in 1855. A royal decree on 18 July 1835, preceded another territorial division that caused the elimination of various parishes and municipalities: Mirandela was left with 40 parishes (that included Cedainhos and Vale da Sancha). By 1884, the municipality of Mirandela had the established geographic boundaries. The town of Mirandela was elevated to the status of city on 28 June 1984. Railway Until 2009, Mirandela was served by the Tua line - a narrow gauge railway which ran from Bragança to Tua. The section north of Mirandela to Bragança closed in the early 1990s; the line to Tua closed in 2009. However, until 2018 a short section of the line north of Mirandela was still open to local passenger services as the Metro de Mirandela. Geography The municipality is bordered by the municipalities of Murça, Valpaços, Vinhais, Bragança, Macedo de Cavaleiros, Vila Flor and Carrazeda de Ansiães, and is located in the district of Bragança. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 30 civil parishes (freguesias): Abambres Abreiro Aguieiras Alvites Avantos e Romeu Avidagos, Navalho e Pereira Barcel, Marmelos e Valverde da Gestosa Bouça Cabanelas Caravelas Carvalhais Cedães Cobro Fradizela Franco e Vila Boa Frechas Freixeda e Vila Verde Lamas de Orelhão Mascarenhas Mirandela Múrias Passos São Pedro Velho São Salvador Suçães Torre de Dona Chama Vale de Asnes Vale de Gouvinhas Vale de Salgueiro Vale de Telhas Gallery References External links Municipality official website Photos from Mirandela School of Communication, Administration and Tourism - Bragança Polytechnic Institute official website Category:Municipalities of Bragança District Category:Cities in Portugal Category:Populated places in Bragança District |
Långnäs Långnäs is a port in Lumparland on the eastern mainland of Åland, about 30 km over the road away from Åland's capital Mariehamn. Road ferries to Kumlinge (Snäckö) and Galtby via Föglö (Överö) and Kökar start here. In the early 1960s, Silja Line built a ferry terminal in Långnäs, designed by architect Bengt Lundsten. The terminal was in use 1965-1975 and was then closed and removed in 1993. A new terminal was built in 1999 to accommodate the large cruiseferries on the Stockholm—Turku route. It is used as an alternative to Mariehamn harbour on connections with little passenger traffic to and from Åland. In 1999, European Union legislation outlawed the sale of duty-free goods on ferry cruises within the EU, but Åland's tax privileges provide a legal exemption for ships that call at a port in Åland. As duty-free sales are a considerable source of revenue for the ferry shipping companies, the major routes between the Stockholm region (Kapellskär and Stockholm) and southern Finland (Turku and Helsinki) include a stop there. Category:Transport in the Åland Islands Category:Economy of the Åland Islands Category:Buildings and structures in the Åland Islands |
Contact analysis (cryptanalysis) In cryptanalysis, contact analysis is the study of the frequency with which certain symbols precede or follow other symbols. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers. Contact analysis is based on the fact that, in any sample of any written language, certain symbols appear adjacent to other symbols with varying frequencies. Moreover, these frequencies are roughly the same for almost all samples of that language, even when the distribution of the symbols themselves differs significantly from normal. This is true regardless of whether the symbols being used are words or letters. In some ciphers, these properties of the natural language plaintext are preserved in the ciphertext, and have the potential to be exploited in a ciphertext-only attack. Although in a sense contact analysis can be considered a type of frequency analysis, most discussions of frequency analysis concern themselves with the simple probabilities of the symbols in the text: or Contact analysis is based on the conditional probability that certain letters will precede or succeed other letters: , or , or even , where and are subsets of the alphabet being used. Where frequency analysis is based on first-order statistics, contact analysis is based on second or third-order statistics. External links Statistical Distributions of English Text Category:Cryptographic attacks |
Goh Wei Ming Kevin Goh Wei Ming (born 7 July 1983) is a chess International Master from Singapore. He is a seven-time Singaporean national champion (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013 and 2017) and has represented Singapore in the Chess Olympiad since 2004. In 2000 he won the boys under-18 section at the 1st ASEAN Age Group Chess Championships in Vũng Tàu, Vietnam. At the 2005 Southeast Asian Games, Goh won two bronze medals, in the men's standard individual event and in the teams' one. In 2010 he played in Singapore the first game of an exhibition blitz match between top Singaporean players and Garry Kasparov. In March 2011, he won the First Saturday GM Tournament in Budapest, Hungary. Books References External links ChessBase.com - Chess News - Goh Weiming Ready for war over the board IM Kevin Goh's Chess Site SCN Articles by IM Goh Wei Ming Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:Singapore chess players Category:Chess International Masters Category:Chess Olympiad competitors Category:Chess writers Category:Singaporean people of Chinese descent Category:Southeast Asian Games bronze medalists for Singapore Category:Southeast Asian Games medalists in chess Category:Competitors at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games |
List of listed buildings in Glasserton, Dumfries and Galloway This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Glasserton in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. List |} Key See also List of listed buildings in Dumfries and Galloway Notes References All entries, addresses and coordinates are based on data from Historic Scotland. This data falls under the Open Government Licence Glasserton |
Hunton, Kent Hunton is a civil parish and village near the town of Maidstone in Kent, England. History In the 1870s, Hunton was described like this: The village stands near the river Beult, 3 miles E by S of Yalding r. station, and 4½ SW by S of Maidstone; was once a market town; and has a post office under Staplehurst. The parish comprises 2,061 acres. The village's first recorded name was Huntindone in the eleventh century. Its name comes from Old English hunta 'huntsman' and dun 'hill' - 'Hill of the Huntsman'. The parish was frequently referred to in ancient deeds as Huntington. The name change to Hunton suggests tun meaning "village". "Hunton fell within the Hundred of Twyford. Its 19th century Registration District & Poor Law Union was Maidstone." The Village Within the parish there are two schools. Hunton Church of England Primary School, which was built in 1963 and located at Bishops Lane, is small and rural and was rated Good by Ofsted in 2016. It is an 'Outstanding' Church of England school. The other is Hunton & Linton Pre-School, in the Village Hall. There is also a Language Service based in Hunton, 'Kent Language Services' which provides tuition for business or tourism. Businesses include a building company, grocers, a gardening company and a pub; 'The White House'. There are more shops and pubs in nearby villages. The village has a ‘Pop Up’ shop, selling produce either grown or made by Hunton residents. The shop consists of a small stall, which is mobile and can change venue, although it tends to be held in the Village Club. The shop opens for a few hours on different dates along with the Pop Up Cafe. There are a few farms in the area that sell fresh produce and monthly markets are held in Yalding and East Farleigh. Milebush Farm Pick Your Own is in the area just West of Hunton which has a fruit and vegetable shop. There is no longer a post office in Hunton but there is in the surrounding villages of Yalding, Marden and Coxheath, the village does have three post boxes. There is a local government and parish council. Hunton Herald is a local monthly publication with news, articles, events an adverts about Hunton. Historical buildings There are 71 listed buildings in the Parish of Hunton. Four buildings are grade listed II*; Stonewall Farmhouse Mounting Block and Garden Wall to East, Buston Manor, Buston Manor Barn and Granary. St Mary's Church is a Grade I listed building, there is also St Mary's Cemetery there. The Church of St Mary was Listed (English Heritage Legacy ID: 432265) on 23 May 1967. The history provided in that document includes this background information: "Parish church. Late C11 or C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, and 1866. Restored 1876 by Ewan Christian. Uncoursed ragstone rubble with plain tile roof. West tower, nave, south aisle, south porch, chancel with south chapel and north vestry. West tower: C13". Renovations and modifications were completed in subsequent centuries. A marble tablet on the nave wall is dedicated to Sir Henry Campbell- Bannerman who died in 1908. In 1871 the Liberal politician Henry Campbell-Bannerman inherited the estate of Hunton Lodge or Court Lodge (now Hunton Court) from his wife's uncle, Henry Bannerman, but did not take possession until 1894 on the death of an aunt who was using the mansion. In the meantime, Campbell-Bannerman and his wife used other homes as a country residence, including the nearby house at Gennings Park, living there until 1887. The Lodge/Court was Grade II Listed on 25 July 1952. |
The property remained in the Bannerman family until 2008. An April 2008 report in The Times stated that the property included "mature parkland peppered with fine trees [and the home] ... which retains the character of a Edwardian stately home. The service courts are highly picturesque, with the stables and coach house in lovely pink and black chequer brick". A report in August 2019, with photographs, indicated that major renovations and modernization had been completed since 2008, "including the restoration and colour-matching of the decorative plasterwork and gilding and the repair and restoration of water-damaged wall murals". The Hunton Village Club building dates back to the 1800s, originally believed to be a meeting house and school for young ladies and was once owned by the Hunton Court Estate. Today, the club is run by volunteers to hold events for the village and serves drinks. Hunton Village Hall was built in 1926 and retains many of its original features. The building is used for events such as weddings and parties today. Around 1986 it was reported to be named a "working-men's" club. Transport Transport in Hunton consists of a bus route through the village, the 26 and 26A Nu-Ventre buses travel to either Maidstone or Goudhurst. There is no train station in Hunton but there are two nearby; Paddock Wood and Marden station. Geography The River Beult runs along the south and west border of Hunton and splits into the River Medway at Yalding. The physical environment of Hunton is mainly green space and is very rural. There are many farms across the Parish, including Milebush, Bramling Oast Amsbury, Hammonds Cheveney, Willamette Oast Amsbury, Barn Hill and North Park. Many of these farms have Oast Houses, which are common in Kent. Housing The total number of houses has increased over time; in 1831 there were 137 recorded, 202 in 1961 and 256 in 2011. Out of 702 residents, 690 were living in households and 12 in communal establishments reported by the 2011 census. The houses in Benstead Close were originally Council owned but are now private. The type of properties in the area are mainly large detached historical homes and cottages. Next to Hunton CEP School there are almshouses owned by the church. Demography Population The earliest record of Hunton's population was 582, in 1801. The highest population recorded there was 934 in 1891. The population at the 2011 Census was 702, with 342 males and 360 females in the parish. The population time series of Hunton shows this fluctuation over 200 years. Ethnicity The 2011 Census reported that out of the total 702 residents, 654 were White; English//Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British, 21 were White; Other White, 11 White; Gypsy/Irish Traveller, 6 White; Irish, 5 Mixed/Multiple Ethnic Groups; White and Black African and 5 Other. For eight other ethnic groups, no residents were recorded. Occupational structure According to 1881 census data, the majority of occupations within the parish were agricultural. The different occupations can be seen in the graph below for both females and males. Many female roles were classed as 'unspecified'. The 2011 census data shows occupations are much more diverse and similar in numbers today. Female and male occupations are more alike. Females living in Hunton are mainly in professional or secretarial occupations. The majority of males work in managerial, skilled trades and professional occupations. References External links Hunton, Kent Genealogy Category:Villages in Kent Category:Civil parishes in Kent |
Wielkopole, Jędrzejów County Wielkopole is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Słupia, west of Jędrzejów, and south-west of the regional capital Kielce. References Category:Villages in Jędrzejów County |
David Glover (disambiguation) David Glover is a geneticist. David Glover may also refer to: David Delano Glover (1868–1952), politician David Carr Glover (1925–1988), American pianist David Glover (The Inbetweeners) David Glover (actor) (1927–2015), English television actor |
Gumira Gumira is a village in the Chipinge district of Manicaland, Zimbabwe, halfway between Chipinge and Chiredzi. The village has an abundance of water for possible irrigation from the Save River and very fertile soils. There is a primary school (Gumira Primary School) and a clinic (Gumira Clinic), along with some stores, including the Mandhlaami Bottle Store. Category:Populated places in Manicaland Province Category:Populated places in Zimbabwe |
Todd Kalis Todd Alexander Kalis (born May 10, 1965) is a former American football player in the National Football League (NFL). He was an offensive lineman for the Minnesota Vikings (1988–1993), the Pittsburgh Steelers (1994) and the Cincinnati Bengals (1995). After starting his final (36) with Arizona State University which included three Bowl Game appearances (Holiday, Rose and Freedom), Kalis was the 17th offensive lineman (the fifth guard) in the fourth-round (108th pick) of the Minnesota Vikings in the 1988 NFL Draft. Early life Kalis was born in Stillwater, Minnesota. He spent his early childhood there before moving with his father, mother and two sisters to Hudson, Wisconsin. Shortly thereafter he moved again to Phoenix where he attended Thunderbird High School and lettered in football, tennis and track and field. Playing career Kalis was heavily recruited out of high school for football and tennis. He accepted an offer from head coach Darryl Rogers to play at Arizona State University. Kalis preferred to stay in his hometown which allowed his parents the opportunity to attend his home games on Saturday nights in Tempe, Arizona. Kalis redshirted his freshman season in 1983 with the Sun Devils playing defensive end. In 1984 Kalis met with head coach Darryl Rogers prior to the start of spring practice. Kalis was told by Rogers he would be moved to the offensive line following the conclusion of spring practice if he did not secure either a first or second string position. Kalis contemplated the conversation and returned the next day to tell head coach Darryl Rogers to move him to the offense immediately. Kalis believed Rogers had already made up his mind to move him to the offensive line so Kalis decided not to wait to get a head start on the new position. Kalis participated in the 1984 spring practice sessions as an offensive tackle. In 1985 Arizona State University hired head coach John Cooper. Prior to the spring practice sessions Kalis was asked by offensive line coach Tom Freeman to move to the right guard position. Kalis competed and won the first string right guard position and started every game for the Sun Devils in 1985. The Sun Devils completed the season with an 8–3 record and an invitation to play in the 1985 Holiday Bowl against the Arkansas Razorbacks at Jack Murphy Stadium. On December 22, 1985 Arizona State lost to the Arkansas Razorbacks 18-17. The 1986 Arizona State University football season proved to be a very historic year for the Sun Devils. Arizona State finished the regular season with a record of 9–1–1 and won the Pac-10 Conference title and received an invitation to play the Michigan Wolverines in the 1987 Rose Bowl. On January 1, 1987 in front of a crowd of 103,168 the Sun Devils defeated Michigan 22–15. ASU finished the season ranked 4th by the Associated Press and 5th by United Press International. Kalis was a starting member of the Sun Devil offensive line that averaged 208 yards per game. In 1987 ASU football team finished the season with a 7–4–1 record and an invitation to play Air Force in the 1987 Freedom Bowl. The Sun Devils defeated Air Force 33–28 on December 30, 1987 in Anaheim Stadium and finished the season ranked 20th by the Associated Press. Kalis finished his four-year letterman career at ASU with (36) consecutive starts, 33 regular season and 3 bowl games. Minnesota Vikings 1988-1993 During his rookie season in 1988, head coach Jerry Burns assigned Kalis the responsibility of providing back-up assistance to both starting right tackle Tim Irwin (14-year NFL veteran) and left |
tackle Gary Zimmerman (Hall of Fame 2008). The Vikings finished the regular season 11–5 and reached the NFL playoffs as a NFC Wild Card team and beat the Los Angeles Rams 28-17 on December 26, 1988. The following week the Vikings met the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Division Playoffs on January 1, 1989 at Candlestick Park and lost the game 34–9. The San Francisco 49ers went on to win Super Bowl XXIII. The Minnesota Vikings finished the season 2nd in the NFC Central Division. In 1989 Kalis was given the opportunity to compete for the starting right guard position on the offensive line. He was successful and started every 1989 regular season game as well as the 1990 playoff game versus the San Francisco 49ers. Kalis joined fellow starting offensive lineman Tim Irwin (right tackle), Kirk Lowdermilk (center), Randall McDaniel (left guard/Hall of Fame 2009) and Gary Zimmerman (left tackle/Hall of Fame 2008). On January 6, 1990 the Vikings met the San Francisco 49ers in the 1989 NFC Divisional Playoffs at Candlestick Park and lost 41–13. The San Francisco 49ers went on to win Super Bowl XXIV. The Minnesota Vikings finished the season with a record of 10–6 and 1st in the NFC Central Division. The 1990 football season proved to be a disappointing year for the Minnesota Vikings. Kalis started all (16) regular season games but the team failed to reach the NFL Playoffs. The Vikings finished the season 6-10 despite having a five-game winning streak in November and early December. The team went on to finish the season with a four-game losing streak which included the New York Giants, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Los Angeles Raiders and San Francisco 49ers. The Minnesota Vikings finished the season 2nd in the NFC Central Division. The 1991 football season record improved to 8–8 but would be Jerry Burns last as head coach. Kalis shared the starting responsibilities at the right guard position throughout the season with Brian Habib. The Minnesota Vikings finished the season 3rd in the NFC Central Division. 1992 Kalis suffered a potentially career ending knee injury during a pre-season game versus the Washington Redskins. Kalis rehabilitated the injury throughout the 1992 season and did not return to action. Under the leadership of new head coach Dennis Green the Vikings went on to earn a playoff spot in the NFC Wild Card game versus the Washington Redskins. On January 2, 1993 the Vikings played the Washington Redskins at the Metrodome in Minnesota and even though the Vikings had the home field advantage, they lost the game 24–7. The Minnesota Vikings finished the season with a record of 11–5 and 1st in the NFC Central Division. The 1993 season was a year of recovery for Kalis. Following an extensive rehabilitation regimen due to the knee injury from the previous year, Kalis battled and recaptured the starting right guard position. As the season progressed so did his play and the Vikings returned to the NFC playoffs for the fourth time during his six-year tenure as a Viking. The team finished 9–7 and secured a Wild Card Playoff berth. On January 9, 1994 the Vikings played against the New York Giants at Giants Stadium with Jim McMahon as their starting quarterback. The Vikings lost the game 17–10 and Kalis played his last game as a Minnesota Viking. The Minnesota Vikings finished the season 2nd in the NFC Central Division. Pittsburgh Steelers 1994 During the off season prior to the 1994 regular season Kalis worked with his agent G. Bruce Allen to find a new NFL home. On May 20, 1994 he |
signed a new three-year contract and began his career with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He competed and won the right guard position and joined fellow starting offensive lineman Leon Searcy (right tackle), Dermontti Dawson (center/Hall of Fame 2012), Duval Love (left guard), John Jackson (left tackle). On November 20, 1994 the Steelers faced the Miami Dolphins in week (12) of the regular season. The Steelers lost the game in overtime 16-13 and also lost Kalis for the rest of the season due to a broken ankle suffered in overtime while completing a downfield block for running back Barry Foster. The Steelers finished the season 12-4-0, won the AFC Central Division title and defeated the Cleveland Browns 29-9 on January 7, 1995 in the AFC Division Playoff game at Three Rivers Stadium. On January 15, 1995 the Steelers faced the San Diego Chargers in the AFC Conference Championship Game. Late in the fourth quarter the Steelers marched from their own 17-yard line to the San Diego 3 to put themselves in position for a potential winning touchdown. However, on fourth down, Chargers linebacker Dennis Gibson sealed the victory by tipping away Neil O'Donnell's pass intended for running back Barry Foster. The San Diego Chargers won the game 17-13 and went on to lose 49-26 to the San Francisco 49ers in Super Bowl XXIX. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished 1st in the AFC Central Division. Cincinnati Bengals 1995 Kalis began the 1995 season by attending training camp in Latrobe, Pennsylvania with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was returning from a season ending ankle surgery and was surprised to find himself being asked to play the left guard position during the pre-season. He started all (4) pre-season games at left guard due to an illness that Tom Newberry had battled throughout training camp. On the last day of training camp Kalis was released by the Steelers. Two days later he was in Cincinnati signing a new contract with the Bengals. Kalis saw limited action early in the season at both left and right guard. Kalis replaced Bruce Kozerski as the starting right guard when Kozerski suffered a season/career ending ankle injury. Kalis was the starting right guard for the Cincinnati Bengals for the last game ever played at Cleveland Municipal Stadium on December 17, 1995. At the time it was believed to be the last Cleveland Browns game ever to be played in Cleveland. Kalis was on the field when a time out was called by the officials to allow the Bengals to relocate to the other end of the field. The officials wanted to create more distance between the Bengals players and the fans who had already begun to tear seats out of the stadium and throw them onto the field. Kalis started his final NFL football game on December 24, 1995 beating the Minnesota Vikings 27-24 at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Cincinnati Bengals finished the season with a record of 7-9 and 2nd in the AFC Central Division. NFL Alumni Kalis began his work with the NFL Alumni, a 501 (c) (3) non-profit organization after being voted President of the Pittsburgh Chapter in June 2000. In 2002, he became a member of the Board of Directors, in 2003 Chairman, Board of Chapter Presidents and in 2004 Vice-Chairman, Board of Directors. On January 31, 2017 he resigned as chapter President after hosting the NFL Alumni's #1 charity golf tournament for 16 years and chapter sporting clays event for 10 years. During his tenure as chapter President the Pittsburgh Chapter raised over 3 million net dollars for numerous Western Pennsylvania charitable organizations. The events |
were held annually to support the organizations motto of “Caring for Kids”. Pigskin dreams Kalis is co-author of Pigskin Dreams - The People, Places and Events that Forged the Character of the NFL's Greatest Players. The book is a collection of stories based on personal interviews conducted by Kalis highlighting the early influences that helped develop the character of some of the greatest Pro Football Hall of Fame players. Bobby Bell, Mel Blount, Dick Butkus, Larry Csonka, Len Dawson, Dan Dierdorf, Mike Ditka, Tony Dorsett, Franco Harris, Deacon Jones, Leroy Kelly, Paul Krause, Howie Long, Anthony Munoz, Ozzie Newsome, Merlin Olsen, Mel Renfro, Mike Singletary, Bart Starr, Johnny Unitas, Kellen Winslow and Steve Young. Foreword by Don Shula, additional support provided by NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, Garth Brooks, Bill Johnson, Art Rooney II and Bob Costas. Life after football Following his retirement from the NFL, Kalis began his career in business with positions in sales, marketing and business development. He is a graduate of Arizona State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics. Kalis also co-hosted a local Pittsburgh television sports show called “The Steelers Huddle” in 2002 and 2003. He also enjoys speaking on numerous subjects including character and the history of American football. He currently resides in Mars, Pennsylvania with his wife Kristen and three youngest children. Kyle Kalis, his oldest son, was an offensive lineman for the University of Michigan 2012-16, the NFL Washington Redskins and Indianapolis Colts in 2017 and the Cleveland Browns in 2018. References Category:Living people Category:1965 births Category:People from Stillwater, Minnesota Category:Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona Category:American football offensive guards Category:Arizona State Sun Devils football players Category:Minnesota Vikings players Category:Pittsburgh Steelers players Category:Cincinnati Bengals players |
Ageratina occidentalis Ageratina occidentalis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name western snakeroot or western eupatorium. It is native to the western United States where it grows in several types of habitat. It is found in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Utah. Ageratina occidentalis is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing fuzzy green or purple stems to a maximum height near 70 centimeters. The glandular leaves are triangular with serrated edges. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of fuzzy flower heads containing long, protruding disc florets in shades of white, pink, and blue. There are no ray florets. The fruit is an achene a few millimeters long with a rough, bristly pappus. Etymology Ageratina is derived from Greek meaning 'un-aging', in reference to the flowers keeping their color for a long time. This name was used by Dioscorides for a number of different plants. References External links United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile occidentalis Category:Plants described in 1833 Category:Flora of the Western United States |
Heðin Mortensen Heðin Mortensen (born April 7, 1946) is a Faroese politician for the (Social Democratic Party). He was mayor of the Municipality of Tórshavn from January 1, 2005 to December 31st, 2016. Mortensen was born in Trongisvágur. He worked as a mechanic from 1961 to 1978, when he became an insurance agent for The Faroe Insurance Company (). He headed the Tórshavn Rowing Club from 1973 to 1979, the Tórshavn Athletics Association () from 1975 to 1978, and the Faroese Athletics Association () from 1980 to 2000. He was also the chair of the Tórshavn Theater Society from 1996 to 2003. He has been a supervisory board member of the power company SEV since 1973 and was its director from 1993 to 1997. In politics, Mortensen became a member of the Tórshavn municipal council in 1973. He served as deputy mayor from 2001 to 2005 before becoming mayor. He was a member of the Union Party from 1988 to 2004. As a member of the Union Party, Mortensen was also active in politics at the national level. He intermittently participated in the Faroese Parliament as a deputy representative from 1989 to 1991 and in 1993. He later served in the Faroese Parliament as a representative from the South Streymoy () district from 1998 to 2004. He became a deputy representative again in 2008, but this time for the Social Democratic Party. In 2015 he was elected to the Faroese Parliament as a member of the Social Democratic Party. Mortensen has received numerous Nordic honors for his involvement in sports. He was named a knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1991, and a knight 1st class of the same order in 2003. Mortensen is a supporter of whaling in the Faroe Islands. References Category:Members of the Løgting Category:People from Trongisvágur Category:1946 births Category:Living people |
Thomas Richards (mayor) Thomas S. Richards (born July 8, 1943) is an American lawyer, business executive and politician who served as the 68th Mayor of Rochester, New York. Past career From 1972 until 1991 Richards worked in the law firm Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle (now Nixon Peabody) where he specialized in civil litigation and served at various times as the managing partner and chairman of the management committee. In 1991 he joined Rochester Gas & Electric Corp. as general counsel. He later served as senior vice president for corporate services, senior vice president for finance and as president and chief operating officer. From 1998 until 2002 he was the chairman, president and chief executive officer of RGS Energy Group, the parent company of Rochester Gas & Electric. From 2006 to 2010 he was the corporation counsel of the City of Rochester. On October 28, 2010, he was appointed Deputy Mayor of the City of Rochester and inaugurated interim mayor on January 1, 2011. On January 18, 2011, Richards resigned to ensure he could run in a special election without violating terms of the Hatch Act, which could have jeopardized federal funding. 2011 Special Election On February 5, 2011, Richards was officially nominated by the Democratic committee of Rochester to be the party's candidate in the special mayoral election scheduled for March 29. Richards won the election with 48.48% of the vote to former Mayor Bill Johnson's 41.72%. Re-election Campaign Richards announced on February 6, 2013 that he would run for re-election for a full term as Rochester mayor. He lost the Democratic primary to City Council President Lovely A. Warren 57% to 42%. The defeat was considered an upset, as Richards was better funded and led in the pre-vote polling. Richards ended his active campaign and endorsed Warren, but was kept as the chosen candidate on the Independence and Working Families lines. The Independence Party created the grass roots Turn Out for Tom campaign. In response, Richards stated that he would serve if re-elected mayor but denied having any contact with the Independence Party campaign. Richards lost the election to Warren 55% to 39%. Political Legacy Richards political career may be remembered for his time as corporation counsel for the City of Rochester under the Duffy administration. This included the selling of the Fast Ferry, the redevelopment of the Midtown Plaza site which included buying the former shopping center, its demolition and the deals to bring in PAETEC (now Windstream) as the anchor tenant of the new development. He also helped sort out many financial difficulties at the Port of Rochester after the Fast Ferry ceased operations, with High Falls, and with local sports teams and landmarks. Richards negotiated a health care agreement with ambulance provider Rural Metro, settled labor contracts and repaired relationships with the city's unions. Under Richards as mayor projects such as the building of Rochester's new train station, the building of a new RGRTA bus terminal, the Charlotte Marina Project and the filling in of the east side of the Inner Loop were started. Development of the Midtown project continued. After office It was announced on March, 3rd 2014 that Richards was appointed to and will be chairman of the Rochester City School District volunteer board overseeing a $1.3 billion city school modernization program. Personal Richards is a graduate of Bucknell University and Cornell University Law School, and served in the U.S. Navy. Richards is a trustee of the University of Rochester and of George Eastman House. References Category:1943 births Category:Mayors of Rochester, New York Category:George Eastman House people Category:Living people Category:Lawyers from Rochester, New |
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