text
stringlengths 4
6.1k
|
|---|
Arkansas Highway 145 Highway 145 (AR 145, Ark. 145, and Hwy. 145) is designation for four state highways in Northeast Arkansas. The highways are maintained by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT). Two segments were created as state highways in the 1930s to provide system connectivity; with two others added and extended during the 1960s and 1970s during a period of state highway system expansion. Route description The ARDOT maintains Highway 115 like all other parts of the state highway system. As a part of these responsibilities, the Department tracks the volume of traffic using its roads in surveys using a metric called average annual daily traffic (AADT). ARDOT estimates the traffic level for a segment of roadway for any average day of the year in these surveys. As of 2018, the peak AADT on the highway was 4,600 vehicles per day (VPD) near the northern terminus in McCrory. All other segments were below 1,000 VPD, with most counts below 400 VPD. For reference, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classifies roads with fewer than 400 vehicles per day as a very low volume local road. No segment of Highway 145 has been listed as part of the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. AR 269 to McCrory Highway 145 begins at a skewed intersection with Highway 269 just west of US Highway 49 (US 49) in the eastern part of Woodruff County. The highway runs west as a section line road through a rural part of the county dominated by row agriculture. Highway 145 turns north before crossing a segment of Bayou DeView known as Reddon Lake, one of the major waterways in the region. The highway continues north through unincorporated communities Beards and Deview before entering the small city of McCrory. Highway 145 becomes Edmonds Avenue in McCrory, running north to an intersection with US Highway 64 Business (US 64B, Raney Avenue), and forming a brief concurrency to Poplar Avenue. After the concurrency ends, Highway 145 crosses the Union Pacific Railway tracks and enters the McCrory Commercial Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. North of downtown McCrory, Highway 145 passes through a residential area before an intersection with US 64, with the roadway continuing north as Highway 17 to Newport. Woodruff/Jackson counties Highway 145 begins in the northeast corner of Woodruff County at Highway 37. The highway runs due east as a section line road through a rural area, passing the unincorporated community of Duffy before turning north and entering Jackson County. Now a north-south section line road, Highway 145 terminates at Highway 42 near McFadden. Cache River Highway 145 begins at Highway 37 north of the small town of Beedeville and runs west as a section line road. The highway crosses the Cache River, one of the Ramsar wetlands of international importance, and briefly becomes the northern boundary of the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge before turning northeast and running through the unincorporated community of Blackville. Highway 145 continues due north, passing near Remmel before terminating at Highway 14 west of Amagon. Tuckerman to Jackson CR 85 Highway 145 begins at Highway 367 in Tuckerman as Estelle Street in a residential area. The highway turns due north, running as a section line road into rural Jackson County. The highway runs north to a dirt road intersection with Jackson County Road 85 (CR 85, Decker Store Road/Paw Paw Road) near Centerville, where the route terminates near the Black River. History The first segment of Highway 145 was created in 1931 between |
Highway 14 and Highway 37, with the segment between Highway 42 and Highway 37 created in 1935. On February 29, 1956, the Arkansas State Highway Commission (ASHC) designated a third segment of Highway 145 along a newly constructed road between US 64 at Fair Oaks and Penrose parallel to the St. Louis Southwestern Railway tracks. The designation was extended to Highway 39 at Hillemann on October 5, 1960, but this extension was renumbered to Highway 39 (present-day US 49) on December 2, 1964. A third segment was created from US 64 (present-day US 64B) in McCrory to south on November 23, 1966. It was extended northward to the current northern terminus at Highway 17 when a new US 64 bypass was constructed around Patterson and McCrory on January 24, 1968. The route was extended south to the current southern terminus at Highway 269 on April 25, 1973 pursuant to Act 9 of 1973 by the Arkansas General Assembly. The act directed county judges and legislators to designate up to of county roads as state highways in each county. A fourth segment of Highway 145 beginning in Tuckerman was created on February 27, 1974. Major intersections Mile markers reset at concurrencies. See also References External links 145 Category:Transportation in Woodruff County, Arkansas Category:Transportation in Jackson County, Arkansas |
List of Australian railway companies While railways in some states were briefly operated as private companies, railways of Australia have historically operated as Government instrumentalities. The earlier form of a single state government railway department in each state no longer exists - with complex relationships developed by state and federal government corporations operating in multiple locations and across borders between states. They are further divided into 'above' and 'below' rail companies - track owners, and train operators. Some companies are both. Track and Train Aurizon Genesee & Wyoming Australia (South Australian rural branch lines, Tarcoola-Darwin line) Metro Trains Melbourne (manager of suburban trackage owned by VicTrack) Queensland Rail TasRail V/Line (manages all Victorian track owned by VicTrack, except the suburban and interstate networks) Track Only Arc Infrastructure (Western Australia) Australian Rail Track Corporation (interstate network) John Holland Rail (Country Regional Rail Network in New South Wales) RailCorp (urban passenger lines in Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong area, other New South Wales lines are controlled or maintained under contract by Australian Rail Track Corporation and John Holland Rail) VicTrack (owner of Victorian network) Train Only Suburban Queensland Rail (City network) Sydney Trains TransAdelaide Transperth Trains Regional Great Southern Rail NSW TrainLink Queensland Rail (Traveltrain) Transwa V/Line Freight Genesee & Wyoming Australia Pacific National Qube Logistics SCT Logistics Southern Shorthaul Railroad TransVolution Watco Australia Bowmans Rail Heavy Haul BHP Fortescue Metals Group Rio Tinto Group Roy Hill Tourist and Heritage List of heritage railways in Australia Rolling stock hire CFCL Australia Consolidated Rail Leasing Greentrains TransVolution Equipment Manufacturers Bombardier Transportation Downer Rail UGL Rail Alstom See also Rail transport in Australia List of former Australian railway companies External links Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government: Organisation of Australia's Railways * |
Ajloun Ajloun (, ‘Ajlūn), also spelled Ajlun, is the capital town of the Ajloun Governorate, a hilly town in the north of Jordan, located 76 kilometers (around 47 miles) north west of Amman. It is noted for its impressive ruins of the 12th-century Ajloun Castle. The Ajlun Governorate has a population of over 176,080 widespread in 27 villages and towns over an area of about 420 km². The population is mainly composed of the following Muslim tribes: Al-Qudah (AlQudah), Al-Share, Al-Zghoul, Al-Momani, Al-Smadi, Al-Shwayyat, Al-Freihat, Al-Khatatbah, Alnawateer, Al-Karraz, and others. Rabadi, Haddad, Iwais, Eisouh and Muqattash (which was split from Rabadi) are the main indigenous Christian tribes in Ajloun. Although Christians are a minority in the overall governorate, they form about more than half of the population in Ajloun city; most Christians reside in Ajloun city along with Muslims of the Al-Smadi tribe. Other tribes are distributed in the other districts of the governorate. Ajloun Governorate has four seats in the national parliament, one of which is dedicated for the indigenous Christian minority. Districts of Metropolitan Ajloun There are five districts in the Greater Ajloun Municipality: Demographics According to the Jordan national census of 2015, the population of the town of Ajloun was 9990. For Ajloun Governorate as a whole, the population was about 176,080 in 2015. Muslims make up the majority of Ajloun's population. They live alongside the indigenous Christian population. The governorate of Ajloun is highly agricultural, as the population distribution tells. Geography There is a theory that the town's name is connected with the Moabite King Eglon mentioned in the Bible, though the precise derivation is obscure. Ajlun Castle is located on the site of an old monastery. It was renovated as a fort in 1184 by Izz al-Din Usama, a general in the army of Saladin. The castle controlled traffic along the road connecting Damascus and Egypt. The fortress marks the furthest limit of Frankish incursions during the Crusades. The Mamluks added a prominent tower to the castle. It was captured by the Mongols in 1260 and was partially destroyed in the process. Great damage was done by the Galilee earthquake of 1837 and the 1927 Jericho earthquake. Located in the center of Ajloun is the Great Ajlun Mosque. This mosque is one of the oldest extant in Jordan and dates back around 800 years. This edifice was previously a Byzantine Christian church; there have been reports of Greek writing in the oldest sections. The prayer tower is called "the filter" by some locals (referring to a cigarette filter, because half of the tower was built over a square tower, most likely a Church bell tower). In 2007 work began on improving the mosque to allow tourists to visit it. There are also reports that when the west wall fell apart in the heavy rains and snow in January 2013 a Bible and crosses were found in the old section. Tell Mar Elias is located just outside the city limits. This site contains Byzantine church mosaics which were uncovered during the summer months for tourists. T tohis location for Saint Elijah (Mar Elias) has been a shrine for centuries – people would go there and walk around the shrine singing ancient songs to cure a disease called "Rigeh". There are folk songs they sang for this visit. However, prior to the Pope's visit in 2000. A scholar on both Mar Elias and Ajlun Castle is Mohammad Abu-Abeileh in Jordan. The Ajloun Forest Reserve is also located nearby. The whole area had been reputed to be the largest forested area in the Middle East – however, the |
area was largely deforested by the Turks to secure fuel for their railroad to Mecca. Climate Ajloun, has a mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). The average annual temperature is , and around of precipitation falls annually. Topography The Ajlun mountains are famous for their lush vegetation and thick green forests and a good place for hikes. Its highest mountain peaks reach around 1268 meters above sea level and Ajloun mountains receive a few snow storms every year usually in winter season from December to March. It's one of the country's most beautiful regions. Ajlun has a Mediterranean weather rainy and snowy in winter season and pleasant in the summer time. Notable people Shaher Momani, Mathematics Professor (2009-present) at University of Jordan, grew up and educated in Ajloun. Landmarks Ajloun Castle Tell Mar Elias Great Ajloun Mosque Ajloun Holy Spirit Church Shrine for Al-Khadir (St. George) Birthplace of the Prophet Elijah (at Listib) Gallery References http://www.visitjordan.com/visitjordan_cms/MajorAttractions/Ajlun/HistoryCulture/tabid/173/Default.aspx Further reading External links Jordan Tourism Board Middle East Travel Guide Ajlun Discussion Forum Category:Populated places in Ajloun Governorate |
Type 2 Ka-Mi The was the first amphibious tank of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). The Type 2 Ka-Mi was based on the Imperial Japanese Army's Type 95 Ha-Go light tank with major modifications. History and development As early as 1928, the Japanese Army had been developing amphibious tanks and created several experimental models such as the Sumida Amphibious Armored Car (AMP), SR I-Go, SR II Ro-Go, SR III Ha-Go, which were produced only as one-off prototypes for concept testing in the 1930s. Each of the SR series were 3.6 to 7 tonne amphibious tanks with a 2 to 3 man crew, and armed with machine guns. In 1940, the Imperial Japanese Navy took over development of amphibious vehicles. Mitisubishi used the knowledge gained from the SR program and the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank as a base. The Type 1 Mi-Sha a/k/a/ "Type 1 Floating Tank Ka-Mi" was the first IJN prototype produced. The Type 1 led to the development of the Type 2 Ka-Mi being produced in 1942. The Type 2 Ka-Mi was designed for the IJN's Special Naval Landing Forces for the amphibious invasion of Pacific Islands without adequate port facilities, and for various special operations missions. The Type 2 Ka-Mi tanks were organized into "several amphibious tank units". Beginning in 1942, only 182 to 184 units of this tank were built. Design The Type 2 Ka-Mi was based on the army's Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, but with an all-welded hull with rubber seals in place of the riveted armor. It was intended to be water-tight. Large, hollow pontoons made from steel plates were attached to the front glacis plate and rear decking to give the necessary buoyancy. The front pontoon was internally divided into two "symmetrical sections" and each one was divided into three separate watertight compartments to minimize the effects of damage from flooding and shellfire. The pontoons were attached by a system of "small clips" with a release inside the tank, to be engaged once it landed for ground combat operations. Its gun turret had a high-velocity Type 1 37 mm gun and a coaxial Type 97 light machine gun. A second Type 97 light machine gun was located in the tank's bow. The tank was capable of attaining speeds of 10 km/h in the water with a range of 140 km through two propellers situated at the rear of the hull, powered by the tank's engine. Steering was in the control of the tank commander, who operated a pair of rudders from the turret through cables. The crew included an onboard mechanic. It was the "best designed amphibious tank of the war". Combat record The Type 2 Ka-Mi came into active service after the initial campaigns of World War II, and thus for the most part was too late to be used in its original design mission of amphibious landings. Many units were assigned to naval garrison detachments in the South Pacific Mandate and in the Netherlands East Indies. The Type 2 Ka-Mi was first used in combat on Guadalcanal in late 1942. Later they were encountered by the United States Marine Corps in the Marshall Islands and Mariana Islands, particularly on Saipan, where they supported the Yokosuka Base Special Naval Landing Force (SNLF) in its failed amphibious operation. They were also used during the fighting on the Philippine island of Leyte in late 1944 when they supported the 101st SNLF at Ormoc Gulf. According to Ralph Zumbro in his book "Tank Aces", several Ka-Mi were destroyed by US Army LVT-1s off the coast of Leyte during history's only amphibious tank vs. |
amphibious tank action; this is doubtful however, as most Ka-Mi tanks were destroyed after they came ashore. A handful more were captured by US Army troops on Luzon in 1945, as well as several others captured by Australian and Commonwealth troops. Surviving vehicles The Kubinka Tank Museum in Moscow, Russia has a Type 2 Ka-Mi on display, complete with its front and rear pontoons. A near complete hull is located near the airport in Babeldaob, Palau. Another specimen is located in Koror, Palau. The latter is notable in that there is still a heavy anti aircraft machine gun mounted on the rear pontoon. These two tanks were once located in the center of Babeldaop Island in the late 1980s. They had actually been buried by the Japanese either to keep them out of American hands after their surrender, or as defensive fortifications. After the war they were unearthed by locals. They were subsequently moved, one to the Old Communications center south of the airport, and one to Koror as part of war memorial displays. See also DD tank - World War II British tank flotation system T-38 - World War II, Soviet amphibious tank Notes References External links Taki's Imperial Japanese Army Page - Akira Takizawa WWII vehicles WWII Drawings Kubinka Tank Museum 2 Ka-Mi Category:Light tanks of Japan Category:Amphibious tanks Category:History of the tank |
Llombai Llombai is a municipality in the comarca of Ribera Alta in the Valencian Community, Spain. Category:Municipalities in the Province of Valencia Category:Ribera Alta (comarca) Category:Populated places in the Province of Valencia |
Engelbrecht Cave Engelbrecht Cave (also known as North Terrace Cave, Vansittarts Cave and 5L19 & 5L20) is a cave system in the Australian state of South Australia consisting of a sinkhole with two major passages located under the Mount Gambier urban area. It is owned by the local government area of City of Mount Gambier and has been developed as a tourism venue. Its dry extent is notable as a show cave while its water-filled extent is notable as two separate cave diving sites. Description The cave is located on a parcel of open land within the residential area bounded to the north by Jubilee Highway West (the name used for the Princess Highway within Mount Gambier) and by the following roads on its west, south and east sides - Ehret Street, Chute Street and Victoria Terrace. The cave consists of a collapsed area known as a sinkhole with two main passages - one running in an easterly direction and one running in a westerly direction. The east passage which extends about from the doline's opening, leads to a lake where a water-filled passage leads to an air chamber. The west passage which extends about , is only accessible by cave diving for the majority of its length and includes a major air chamber is located immediately below Jubilee Highway West. The ground level at street level adjoining the cave is above sea level while the water level throughout the cave system is above sea level. Access to the cave within Mount Gambier's street system is via Chute Street. Naming The site is named after Carl Engelbrecht, a German immigrant who settled in Mount Gambier during the 19th century. The cave is also known as Engelbrecht's Cave, North Terrace Cave and Vansittarts Cave. The Cave Divers Association of Australia (CDAA) refers to the flooded portion of eastern passage as Engelbrechts Cave - East and to the flooded portion of western passage as Engelbrechts Cave - West . The Cave Exploration Group (South Australia) Incorporated (CEGSA) has classified the cave as being two sites and has identified both using its unique numbering system. The passage running in the easterly direction is numbered as 5L-19 while the passage running in the westerly direction is 5L-20. Geological description The cave is located in a limestone known as Gambier Limestone which was formed between 35 and 45 million years ago and has an estimated thickness of about at the cave itself. The topsoil surrounding the cave is volcanic in origin and dates back to the last eruption of the Mount Gambier volcano from between 2,800 and 26,000 years ago. History The cave was first described in writing published by Julian Tenison-Woods in 1865 where the name Vansittarts Cave was first used. In 1864, the cave was reportedly explored by four men in a canoe. In 1933, their story was told to the Mount Gambier newspaper, The Border Watch, by one of the participants, Charles Grosser who was aged seven years in 1864. Grosser described the journey within the cave as follows:I was only nine or ten years of age at the time, but I can clearly remember how the current caught the canoe and carried us along as soon as we got into the stream. We must have gone 200 yards, travelling directly towards the Blue Lake. The stream took several turns, and the current was so strong that we had considerable difficulty in getting back…However, one source points out that the description of the cave in 1864 does not match the cave system surveyed in 1986. In 1885, Carl Engelbrecht purchased a flour |
mill located nearby and converted it into a whiskey distillery. Engelbrecht used the cave for disposal of waste such as “slimper” (“ a caustic by-product of the distillery process”) and bottles. In May 1929, the land on which the cave is located was purchased by the then District Council of Mount Gambier. In 1940, the cave was sealed after being inspected by one of the councillors. In 1964, the district council invited expressions of interest for “investigations for tourist potential of the cave.” One investigate include a team of four divers including “the well-known Dave Burchell” who carried out an exploratory dive with the following outcome:After digging their way through 100 years of rubbish and entering a dark muddy passage, a relatively small lake was discovered with a very silty floor, which was only 17 feet deep. Their report to the council was not suitable for tourist development. In 1979, the Lions Club of Mount Gambier commenced a project of beautifying the cave with the associated works taking three years to complete with the expense of $10,000. In 1995, Engelbrecht Cave was added to the South Australian Heritage Register. Present day The cave is operated on behalf of the City of Mount Gambier as a show cave by a private operator. The facility includes a café, a tour desk, an accessway into the cave system including viewing platforms at the lakes in both passages, toilets and range of open spaces with varying degrees of shelter for picnics and associated activities. The operator also offers guided tours of the dry sections of both cave passages. Access for cave diving is limited as follows: those wishing to dive the eastern passage need to have the CDAA Cave grade while those wishing to dive the western passage need to have the CDAA Advanced Cave grade. References External links Engelbrecht Cave official website Cave Diving Engelbrecht West- Mount Gambier, South Australia video Category:Limestone Coast Category:Caves of South Australia Category:Show caves in Australia Category:Underwater diving sites in Australia Category:South Australian Heritage Register Category:Mount Gambier, South Australia |
Triangle Metro Zoo Triangle Metro Zoo (originally Zoo Fauna) was a privately owned and operated zoo that was open from 1998 until 2006. It was located in Wake Forest, North Carolina, United States. History The zoo originated from Larry Seibel's long experience in breeding exotic animals, and was opened in 1998. It was situated in a heavily forested area astride a small stream. Its name derives from the area of North Carolina in which the zoo was located, which is called "the Triangle" because it comprises the three larger cities of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill. Shortly after the zoo opened in 1998, the barn containing the gift shop and restrooms burned down, and was never rebuilt. The owner cited lack of facilities at the zoo due to this fire, which prevented him from putting up a permanent sign on Capital Boulevard, as one of many factors that led to the lack of funds for the zoo and its eventual closure. Seibel closed the zoo in February 2006, citing money and personal problems, as well as encroaching development that would require him to fence the entire property. After the zoo closed, the Bengal tiger Raja, who Seibel and staff had rescued from neglectful owners, was moved to the Carnivore Preservation Trust in Pittsboro, North Carolina after having first been quarantined at the North Carolina Zoo. Other animals were transferred to various private collections and zoos. Animals The zoo was home to some 500 animals representing 85 species. Mammals at the zoo included a Bengal tiger, blackbuck, Himalayan moon bears, camels, capybara, caracals, coati, donkeys, fallow deer, red kangaroos, lemurs, lions, llama, scimitar oryx, muntjac, sloths, servals, and zebras. Birds at the zoo included chickens, sarus cranes, red-crowned cranes, blue-and-gold macaws, scarlet macaws, military macaws, doves, emu, ostriches, pheasants, pigeons, toucans. Reptiles at the zoo included leopard geckos, bearded dragons, and various species of skinks and snakes. Notes External links Archived website Category:Zoos in North Carolina Category:Buildings and structures in Wake County, North Carolina Category:Former zoos Category:Zoos established in 1998 Category:Zoos disestablished in 2006 |
Casteilla Casteilla or Estany del Castellar is a lake in Pyrénées-Orientales, Pyrénées, France. At an elevation of 2280 m, its surface area is 0.05 km². Category:Lakes of Pyrénées-Orientales |
Feetham Feetham is a hamlet opposite Low Row in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, England. The origin of the place-name is from Old Norse and means place at the riverside meadows; it appears as Fytun in 1242. References External links Category:Villages in North Yorkshire Category:Swaledale |
Liam Devlin Liam Devlin is a protagonist and recurring character in the novels of Jack Higgins. "Liam Devlin" is a pseudonym and his real name is never revealed. Fictional biography Early life Liam Devlin is described as being born in County Down, Northern Ireland, and having attended Trinity College, Dublin. However, during a visit to Belfast, he witnesses his elderly uncle, a Catholic priest, being assaulted by a Protestant mob. When the members of the Irish Republican Army attempt to defend the church building, Devlin picks up a gun and joins them. Devlin later receives the assignment to hunt down and assassinate two British informers who have fled to America. He succeeds and is later described by a Scotland Yard detective as "the most cold blooded executioner the movement has seen since Collins and his murder squad". During the Spanish Civil War, Devlin volunteers for the Connolly Column and is later captured by Falangist forces. While in a detention camp, he is recruited by Germany's military intelligence service, the Abwehr. During an intelligence mission inside the neutral Irish Free State, he is captured after a gunfight with the Garda Síochána, but later escapes from hospital in Dublin. The incident has left him with bullet scar on the forehead. Kidnapping Churchill In the 1975 novel The Eagle Has Landed, Devlin has recovered from his wounds and is teaching Irish language literature at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. He is then approached by Colonel Radl of the Abwehr and recruited into a secret mission to kidnap Winston Churchill. He is parachuted near the Northern Ireland border and makes his way into England, posing as an Irish veteran of the British Army. While scouting for the arrival of German paratroopers in Norfolk, Devlin poses as a stereotypical "bog Irishman." He also meets and falls in love with Molly Prior, a young girl from the village of Studley Constable. He subsequently saves her from a would-be rapist and introduces her to the poetry of Antoine Ó Raifteiri. Soon after, they make love. When the German soldiers commanded by Col. Kurt Steiner arrive, they pose as Free Polish troops. Molly is overjoyed, believing that Devlin is still in the British Army and not a black marketeer like she had previously thought. However, one of the paratroopers is killed while trying to rescue a child of the village in an accident and his German uniform is seen by the villagers. As a result, the villagers and their priest are taken hostage and hidden in the village's Roman Catholic church. The priest's sister is able to escape and inform a nearby unit of the United States Army. Although enraged and betrayed when she learns of Devlin's true loyalties, Molly has no desire to see him killed by the Americans. When she warns him, however, he refuses to flee and says that he is going to the church to die alongside the Germans. Before he leaves, he insists that he is not a traitor, but a man serving his country. He has also left a letter on the mantle expressing his love for her and saying goodbye. When the Americans arrive, Col. Steiner releases the hostages so that they will not be caught in the crossfire. After a violent gunfight, Molly arrives and reveals a secret tunnel out of the church. Col. Steiner, however, slips back into the village and is officially killed while trying to gun down Churchill, who is later revealed to have been a decoy. Devlin and the last surviving member of Steiner's unit are rescued at the seaside by a German E-boat. Rescuing Steiner |
In the later novel The Eagle Has Flown, Steiner is revealed to have survived. Devlin, who is hiding in Lisbon and planning to escape to America, is persuaded by SS Gen. Walter Schellenberg, then chief of the Ausland-SD, to rescue Steiner from the Tower of London. After they return to Germany, Devlin and Steiner prevent Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler from seizing control of the Reich. In the aftermath, Himmler orders Schellenberg to murder them. Instead, Schellenberg arranges their escape to the neutral Irish Free State. The novel ending states that Devlin now lives in a cottage in County Mayo and that he and Steiner remain friends. Other appearances As well as appearing in The Eagle Has Landed and The Eagle Has Flown, Devlin also appears as a major character in the Higgins novels Touch the Devil and Confessional. In other novels, Devlin has made cameo appearances as a mentor to Sean Dillon (in Drink with the Devil, The President's Daughter and Day of Reckoning) and Martin Brosnan (in Eye of the Storm). In other media Film In the film version of The Eagle Has Landed (1976), Liam Devlin was portrayed by Donald Sutherland. Television In the television version of Confessional (1989), Liam Devlin was portrayed by Keith Carradine. References External links Category:Novels about terrorism Category:Novels by Jack Higgins Category:Literary characters introduced in 1975 Category:Characters in British novels of the 20th century Category:Fictional Irish people |
Grant Stewart (musician) Grant Stewart (born June 4, 1971) is a Canadian jazz saxophonist. Life and career Stewart was born in Toronto, Ontario on June 4, 1971. His father was a part-time jazz guitarist. Aged ten, Stewart played on alto sax solos from saxophonists Charlie Parker, Coleman Hawkins, and Wardell Gray that had been transcribed by his father. "By his early teens, Stewart had already found performance experience with such artists as Pat LaBarbera and Bob Mover". By 18 he "was leading a quartet in Toronto, including for a regular gig at C'est What café and pub"; and he moved to New York City when he was 19. In New York, Stewart first played with guitarist Peter Bernstein and saxophonist Jesse Davis. He then began playing at Smalls Jazz Club from when it opened in 1993. His younger brother, Philip, has been a drummer in Stewart's bands since 2005. For his 2007 recording Young at Heart, Stewart chose some challenging compositions, including by Elmo Hope and Neal Hefti, as well as originals. On Around the Corner in 2010, Stewart also played soprano sax. Playing style Stewart plays "steady swinging, muscular hard bop". His sound is "lean and sinewy, yet flush with lyricism, humor and rhythmic possibilities, much like tenor icons Dexter Gordon and Sonny Rollins, to whom Stewart is frequently compared". Discography An asterisk (*) indicates that the year is that of release. As leader/co-leader As sideman References Category:1971 births Category:Canadian jazz saxophonists Category:Male saxophonists Category:Criss Cross Jazz artists Category:Living people Category:21st-century saxophonists Category:21st-century Canadian male musicians Category:Male jazz musicians |
Nickel Plate Road 763 Nickel Plate Road No. 763 is a 2-8-4 S-2 Class Berkshire locomotive. It was built in August 1944 by the Lima Locomotive Works in Lima, Ohio, as the ninth engine of its class. It is a high powered fast freight locomotive that carried perishables between Chicago and Buffalo, New York. 763 was retired from service on the NKP and is currently awaiting restoration at the Age of Steam Roundhouse Original career Nickel Plate 763's career consisted of pulling fast freights of perishables between Chicago and Buffalo. Pulling trains at up to 70 MPH, these engines gained their reputation as high speed brutes on the track. Many EMD locomotives tried and failed to out do the Berks. In 1958, due to lowering part supplies and the demand for more cheap and efficient motive power, the Nickel Plate removed all of its S-2's from service and sat dormant. The sister engine of 763, 765 was recommissioned to provide steam heat to a streamlined passenger train, and was the last Berkshire under steam for the Nickel Plate. Retirement Number 763 was ultimately retired at the end of 1958, and sat for nearly 2 years with the label of "stored serviceable" until 1960, when most of the Berkshires on the Nickel Plate were sent to scrap yards. Six berks were preserved, including 763. The 763 was put in a museum until in 1966, when the Norfolk & Western, NKP's new owner moved her to outdoor display at Wasena Park in Roanoke, Virginia. AFT Plan and Fall Through In 1976, 763 was moved to New Jersey for a possible overhaul as it was a contending locomotive to pull the American Freedom Train. Once the engine arrived it was to be checked over and restored to working condition and double head with no. 755. However, this plan fell through and 763 was sent back to Roanoke with Southern Pacific 4449 being chosen instead. Back In Roanoke to Present After the AFT fall through, NKP 763 was returned to Roanoke, where it was placed on display at the Virginia Museum of Transportation. The VMT ended up selling 763 to Jerry Jacobson, president of the Age of Steam Roundhouse and then CEO of Ohio Central Railroad for $125,000. In 2007, Jacobson returned 763 to her home state Ohio. The 763 is currently on static display awaiting restoration at the Age of Steam Roundhouse in Sugarcreek, Ohio. 763's restoration will cost more than $1,000,000. References Age Of Steam Roundhouse Nickel Plate Road Technical and Historical Society Trains Magazine Article 763 Purchase Trains Magazine 763 On the Move Roanoke Times: Track Change For NKP 763 See also Nickel Plate Road NKP 759 NKP 765 NKP 779 Age of Steam Roundhouse Category:2-8-4 locomotives Category:Nickel Plate Road locomotives Category:Individual locomotives of the United States Category:Preserved steam locomotives of the United States Category:Standard gauge locomotives of the United States Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1944 Category:Lima locomotives |
Wallace's hawk-eagle Wallace's hawk-eagle (Nisaetus nanus earlier under the genus Spizaetus) is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is among the smallest eagles in the world at about long and weighing (about the size of a peregrine falcon). It is named after Alfred Russel Wallace, a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. References External links BirdLife Species Factsheet. Category:Nisaetus Category:Birds described in 1868 Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
James Graeffe James Graeffe (7 July 1921 – 1994) was a Belgian speed skater. He competed in three events at the 1936 Winter Olympics. References Category:1921 births Category:1994 deaths Category:Belgian male speed skaters Category:Olympic speed skaters of Belgium Category:Speed skaters at the 1936 Winter Olympics Category:Place of birth missing |
William J.D. Escher William Julius D. ("Bill") Escher (1931 – May 12, 2014) was an aerospace engineer involved in the early development of the United States rocket programs and long time aerospace industry visionary. He was an internationally recognized expert in the field of high-speed airbreathing propulsion and hypersonic flight. He was a long been a proponent of combined-cycle propulsion systems for space access and his visionary 'Synerjet' concept is industry recognized. He wrote over a hundred technical papers on this subject and others such as hydrogen energy and lunar exploration. He had a long career in aerospace spanning more that 60 years. While in the Army and assigned to the Naval Research Lab (NRL), he was a countdown officer for the Vanguard rocket program in 1957. He was later employed by NASA (Lewis, Marshall, and Headquarters), Marquardt, Kaiser-Marquart, North American Rockwell and Rocketdyne, Astronautics Corporation of America, University of Toronto, Escher Technology Assoc., Escher-Foster Technology Assoc., SAIC, and SpaceWorks. He was also one of the co-founders and long time members of the Space Propulsion Synergy Team (SPST). He was the author of the SAE book entitled "Synerjet Engine: Airbreathing/Rocket Combined-Cycle Propulsion for Tomorrow's Space Transports." In 1988, he was awarded the prestigious AIAA George M. Low Space Transportation Award for excellence in the field of space transportation. His Low award citation reads: "For outstanding and sustained contributions to the field of space transportation, from Vanguard to Spaceliner, and for tirelessly promoting a vision for low cost, reliable access to space based on the Synerjet combined-cycle engine." He held a Bachelor of Science in Engineering degree from George Washington University, having earlier undertaken studies in mechanical engineering at Cornell University and Cleveland State University. At Cornell, he served as the president and experimental committee chairman of the Cornell Rocket Society. He also conducted graduate studies at the University of Southern California and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. External links AIAA: William J Escher, SAIC, Region II - South East, Greater Huntsville George M. Low Space Transportation Award, 2002. Amazon The Synerjet Engine Airbreathing Combined Cycle Propulsion for Tomorrow's Space Transports. NASA NTRS A US History of Airbreathing/Rocket Combined-Cycle (RBCC) Propulsion for Powering Future Aerospace Transports, with a Look Ahead to the Year 2020. AIAA The seven operating modes of the Supercharged Ejector Scramjet (SESJ) combined-cycle engine. NASA NTRS Spaceliner Class Operability Gains Via Combined Airbreathing/ Rocket Propulsion: Summarizing an Operational Assessment of Highly Reusable Space Transports. NASA NTRS Marquardt's Mach 4.5 Supercharged Ejector Ramjet (SERJ) High-Performance Aircraft Engine Project: Unfulfilled Aspirations Ca.1970. SpaceWorks Enterprises, Inc. SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) Announces the Addition of Mr. William "Bill" Escher to Engineering Staff. SpaceWorks Enterprises, Inc. The Hypersonic ETO Space Transporter as an Enabling Element for Acquiring Commercial Human-rated Space Transportation Capabilities. AIAA Aerospace America, March 2008. AIAA Synerjet for Earth/orbit propulsion - Revisiting the 1966 NASA/Marquardt composite (airbreathing/rocket) propulsion system study (NAS7-377). Category:1931 births Category:2014 deaths Category:George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni Category:NASA people Category:American aerospace engineers Category:Cleveland State University alumni Category:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni |
Myra Taylor Myra Taylor may refer to: Myra Taylor (singer) (1917–2011), American jazz singer Myra Taylor (scriptwriter) (born 1937), British sitcom writer Myra Louise Taylor (1881–1939), Canadian nurse |
L'Astrolabe (2016 icebreaker) LAstrolabe is a French icebreaker that is used to bring personnel and supplies to the Dumont d'Urville Station in Antarctica. The vessel, built by Chantiers Piriou and delivered in September 2017, replaced the 1986-built vessel of the same name. Development and construction In June 2015, the Ministry of Overseas France awarded the construction of a 50 million Euro polar logistics vessel to the Chantiers Piriou from Concarneau in Brittany. The vessel, based on a concept developed by French naval architecture company Marine Assistance, combines the functions of the two existing French ships it replaced: the 1966-built patrol vessel L'Albatros and the 1986-built icebreaker L'Astrolabe. The new vessel is owned and operated by the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (TAAF) administration, the French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV) and the French Navy. Since Chantiers Piriou had no experience of building an ice-going vessel, the French shipyard joined forces with the Finnish engineering company Aker Arctic in order to be able to bid against foreign shipyards such as the German Nordic Yards. Later, Aker Arctic was also chosen to carry out basic design and ice model testing for the vessel. Since the Chantiers Piriou shipyard was fully booked with ship orders from the French Navy, the construction of the hull was subcontracted to a Polish shipyard. The production of the vessel began on 16 December at CRIST in Gdynia, Poland. On 22 December 2016, approximately one year later, the vessel was floated out from the dry dock. The unfinished vessel was then towed to France for final outfitting. The ship, which was given the name LAstrolabe after her predecessor on 12 July, was delivered in September 2017. Career LAstrolabe was deployed in the Indian Ocean in 2017, and carried out her first resupply mission to the Dumont d'Urville Station in Adélie Land, Antarctica, in 2018. In November 2019, a major defect in the ship's propeller forced LAstrolabe to cancel the resupply mission to France’s Antarctic research stations. French expeditioners, cargo and supplies will instead be carried on the Australian icebreaker Aurora Australis which was made available by the Australian Antarctic Division. Design LAstrolabe is long and , making the new vessel somewhat larger than her predecessor. The vessel can carry 1,200tons of cargo and has accommodation for up to 60 personnel, which includes the crew of the vessel. She can also accommodate a helicopter belowdecks. The vessel is powered by four Wärtsilä 8L20 medium-speed diesel engines driving two stainless steel controllable pitch propellers. She is also fitted with selective catalytic reduction units to reduce NOx emissions and comply with IMO Tier III emission regulations. LAstrolabe is classified by Bureau Veritas. Her ice class, Icebreaker 5, means that she is allowed to operate independently in medium first-year-ice up to thick during the summer and autumn and up to thick during the winter and spring. The vessel is also allowed to ram ice at a speed of , but the ramming shall not be repeated if the ice does not fail at the first attempt. References Category:2016 ships Category:Icebreakers of France Category:Research vessels of France |
Imeretinsky Kurort railway station Imeretinsky Kurort railway station () is a railway station of the North Caucasus Railway, a subsidiary of Russian Railways, located in Adler District of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. History The station was built for the 2014 Winter Olympics as Olympic Park and was the main transport hub of Olympic Park, the coastal cluster. During the Olympics, 26 pairs of trains departed daily from the station to Krasnaya Polyana railway station where the remainder of the Olympic events occurred. 15 March 2016 the station was renamed Imeretinsky Kurort. Trains Tuapse — Olympic Park Sochi — Olympic Park Roza Khutor — Olympic Park Gallery References Category:Railway stations in Sochi Category:Railway stations in Russia opened in 2013 Category:2014 Winter Olympics |
Leandro Marchetti Leandro Marchetti (born 20 December 1974) is an Argentine fencer. He competed in the individual foil events at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics. References Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Argentine male fencers Category:Argentine foil fencers Category:Olympic fencers of Argentina Category:Fencers at the 1996 Summer Olympics Category:Fencers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Pan American Games medalists in fencing Category:Pan American Games bronze medalists for Argentina Category:Fencers at the 1995 Pan American Games |
Broad Sound Channel Inner Range Lights The Broad Sound Channel Inner Range Lights were a pair of lighthouses in Boston Harbor. They were removed around 1950 when the channel they helped to mark was superseded by a parallel channel to the north. History The range marked by these lights formed part of a three-leg channel leading from the ocean. Prior to dredging there were two main routes: a southern route past Boston Light and through the narrows south of Lovells Island, and a northern route entering from Broad Sound past Deer Island and across President Roads. The outermost leg of this latter route, the Broad Sound Channel, was divided into the North Channel and South Channel by a rise. In 1897 the innermost leg of these routes was marked with the Spectacle Island Range Lights; the remainder of the northern route was marked in 1903, with the route through the South Channel indicated by the Lovells Island Range Lights, and the Broad Sound Channel Inner Range marking the turn to the west and across the south of President Roads. The last consisted of a pair of wooden, conical towers, also on the northern portion of Spectacle Island adjacent to the Spectacle Island range; both were equipped with fourth-order Fresnel lenses. A new frame keeper's house was built. Given the proximity of the two sets of lights, they were all tended by the same keeper, with the other house occupied by his assistant. The towers were red at first but were repainted white by the next year. Unsurprisingly, with four lights in such a small area they were often confused with one another. By 1913 it was decided that the Spectacle Island range was unneeded, and notice was given of its discontinuance. This was met by complaints from shipping interests who mistakenly believed that the Broad Sound range was being removed. Removal proceeded and the 1903 lights were left standing alone. By this time a new North Channel was being dredged, and it came to be the preferred route. Therefore, when Fort Standish was being rebuilt in 1939, the Lovells Island lights were removed, leaving the Broad Sound Channel lights as the only markers for any part of the old route other than buoys marking specific shoals. The lights were finally discontinued and removed around 1950. Fill from the Big Dig has been used to expand and raise the island, eliminating every trace of the old lights. References Category:Lighthouses completed in 1903 Category:Lighthouses in Boston |
Hotel Helvetia & Bristol Hotel Helvetia & Bristol is a five-star boutique hotel in Florence, Italy. It is managed by Starhotels Group and is a member of the Leading Hotels of the World. Location The hotel is set in heart of the Historic Centre of Florence, named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. It lies between Piazza della Repubblica and Via de' Tornabuoni. The entrance is located on Via dei Pescioni and the main façade overlooks Piazza Strozzi. Ponte Vecchio, Florence Cathedral and Piazza della Signoria are located within walking distance. History The palazzo that houses the hotel dates to the late 19th century. Originally created to attract the wealthy aristocrats of Victorian England, the inner-city townhouse hosted artists and European royalty including Igor Stravinsky, Giorgio de Chirico, and members of Danish Royal Family and Dutch monarchy. Bar and restaurant The hotel houses Bar Bibendum and Hostaria Bibendum. References External links Official Website Category:Hotels in Florence |
93rd meridian west The meridian 93° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Gulf of Mexico, Central America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 93rd meridian west forms a great circle with the 87th meridian east. From Pole to Pole Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 93rd meridian west passes through: {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" width="120" | Co-ordinates ! scope="col" | Country, territory or sea ! scope="col" | Notes |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Arctic Ocean | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |- | ! scope="row" | | Nunavut — Axel Heiberg Island |-valign="top" | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Norwegian Bay | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just east of Cornwall Island, Nunavut, (at ) |- | ! scope="row" | | Nunavut — Devon Island |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Wellington Channel | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Parry Channel | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Barrow Strait |- | ! scope="row" | | Nunavut — Somerset Island |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Boothia | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |- | ! scope="row" | | Nunavut — mainland |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Hudson Bay | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |-valign="top" | ! scope="row" | | Manitoba Ontario — from |-valign="top" | ! scope="row" | | Minnesota, passing through Saint Paul (at ) Iowa — from Missouri — from Arkansas — from Louisiana — from |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Gulf of Mexico | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |-valign="top" | ! scope="row" | | Tabasco Chiapas — from |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Pacific Ocean | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |- | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | ! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Southern Ocean | style="background:#b0e0e6;" | |- | ! scope="row" | Antarctica | Unclaimed territory |- |} See also 92nd meridian west 94th meridian west w093 meridian west |
Punyakante Wijenaike Punyakante Wijenaike (born Colombo, 1933) is a Sri Lankan writer. She has been described as "one of the most underestimated fiction writers currently at work in the English language." Work Wijenaike writes primarily in English, including fiction, short stories and anthologies. Her first collection of short stories, The Third Woman, was published in 1963. Since then she has published four collections of short stories and six novels, with more than 100 stories published in newspapers, journals and anthologies in Sri Lanka and abroad, and has had her works broadcast in Sri Lanka and on the BBC. Although she has spent most of her life in Colombo, she initially used rural villages as her theme, only later turning to urban themes. Her writings highlight "the tyranny of community or a group towards its weaker ". Her 1998 novel, An Enemy within, uncovers "the mask that tend to hide the reality of present times." Her novel Giraya was adapted into a teledrama by Independent Television Network of Sri Lanka. Awards and recognition Women of Achievement Award, 1985 Kala Suri Class 1 (literary achievement), conferred by the Government of Sri Lanka, 1988 1994 Gratiaen Prize for her novel Amulet 1996, joint winner of the Commonwealth Short Story Competition for Radio Ten of her works are held by the U.S. Library of Congress. Books Novels 1998: An Enemy Within, uncovers 2011: Giraya Amulet The Waiting Earth 2010: When Guns Fall Silent The Rebel 2009: That deep silence To Follow the Sun Unbinding: A Story of Rebirth and Other Stories Anoma 1972: The Betel Wine Short stories 2004: Missing in Action;Sunset Years 1963: The Third Women Personal life She is the daughter of Justin Kotalawela, a business man and senator of Colombo and his wife Millicent da Silva. Her brother is Deshamanya Lalith Kotelawala. She spent most of her life in Colombo, where she has published all of her works. References External links http://www.loc.gov/acq/ovop/delhi/salrp/punyakantewijenaike.html https://prezi.com/otgp8p9cvhxy/punyakante-wijenaike-anoma/ Category:People from Colombo Category:1933 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century Sri Lankan writers Category:20th-century Sri Lankan women writers Category:21st-century Sri Lankan writers Category:21st-century Sri Lankan women writers |
Kermia felina Kermia felina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae. Description The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 10 mm. The shell is decussated by longitudinal and revolving sculpture. It is yellowish white, with chestnut short longitudinal strigations upon the granules, often upon every alternate rib, interrupted by a central white space, and again painted towards the base. Sometimes this coloring is broken up and more or less dispersed over the surface. Distribution This species occurs off Taiwan, Samoa and Queensland, Australia. References Reeve, L.A. 1843. Monograph of the genus Pleurotoma. pls 1–18 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1. Kuroda, T. & Habe, T. 1952. Checklist and bibliography of the Recent Mollusca of Japan. Tokyo : Leo W. Stach 210 pp. Powell, A.W.B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1–23 Cernohorsky, W.O. (1978a) Tropical Pacific Marine Shells. Pacific Publications, Sydney and New York, 352 pp. page(s): 161, pl. 57 fig. 12 External links Gastropods.com: Kermia felina felina Category:Gastropods described in 1843 |
Limousin horse The Limousin horse was a French breed of horse. It is now extinct. References Category:Extinct horse breeds |
Eveleen Mary Weldon Severn Eveleen Mary Weldon Severn (1882–1942), of Chicago, Illinois, was a philatelist who pioneered in breaking of the "glass ceiling" encountered by women in the ranks of philately, and founded the first women’s stamp club. She was the husband of Charles Esterly Severn. Philatelic literature Eveleen Severn served at Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News in a number of positions, starting in 1929 and finally becoming its editor. Severn used her position at Mekeel’s to attract women into the ranks of philately. Women’s rights Up until the 1930s, philately was generally regarded as a "man’s" hobby and women were, in most cases, excluded or at least not encouraged to participate. Eveleen Severn was a crusader for the inclusion of women into philatelic circles, and was one of the founders of Chicago Woman's Stamp Club, the first stamp club exclusively for women. The club was founded on May 13, 1930, and Eveleen Severn was named president. Continuing her activism for women’s rights, Eveleen Severn applied for membership at the Chicago Philatelic Society, was accepted, and became the first woman member of the society. Philatelic activity Eveleen Severn was a member of the American Philatelic Society and served on various committees. In 1940 she was on the committee that presented the first Luff Award, and she was responsible for recommending that the society establish the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame for deceased philatelists who had made outstanding contributions to philately. At the Severn-Wylie-Jewett Company, which owned Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News, she assumed the role of president on the death of her husband Charles Esterly Severn. She eventually was appointed editor and continued in that role until she died. Honors and awards Eveleen Severn was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1942. See also Philately Philatelic literature References Eveleen Mary Weldon Severn Category:1882 births Category:1942 deaths Category:Philatelic literature Category:American philatelists Category:People from Chicago Category:American Philatelic Society Category:Women philatelists |
Jón Arnór Stefánsson Jón Arnór Stefánsson (born September 21, 1982) is an Icelandic professional basketball player who plays for KR of the Domino's League, and a former member of the Icelandic national team. He won the FIBA EuroCup title in 2005 with Dynamo Saint Petersburg. He was a member of the NBA's Dallas Mavericks from 2003 to 2004, but he spent the whole season on the injury list and never played a regular season or playoff game with them. On April 30, 2017, he won the Icelandic championship for the third time with KR and was named the 2017 playoffs MVP. On April 28, 2018, Jón Arnór won his fourth Icelandic championship after KR defeated Tindastóll in the Úrvalsdeild finals. In November 2018, Jón announced that he would retire after the 2018-2019 season. On 4 May 2019 he won his 5th national championship after KR beat ÍR in the Úrvalsdeild finals 3-2. High school career Jón Arnór attended Artesia High School in Lakewood, California from 1999 to 2000. His stay was cut short when allegations rose that he and teammate Jack Michael Martínez had been illegally recruited by coach Wayne Merino. In the end Artesia basketball program was stripped of two championships and Merino, Artesia coach of thirteen seasons, was fired. Jón returned to KR in time for the 2000 Úrvalsdeild karla playoffs and helped the club win the national championship. Professional career Career statistics Euroleague |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2006–07 | style="text-align:left;"| Lottomatica | 6 || 0 || 18.2 || .359 || .133 || .800 || 1.8 || .8 || 1.0 || .0 || 6.3 || 2.8 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2007–08 | style="text-align:left;"| Lottomatica | 15 || 5 || 25.5 || .386 || .311 || .796 || 2.3 || 1.3 || 1.1 || .0 || 10.0 || 7.7 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2014–15 | style="text-align:left;"| Unicaja | 20 || 3 || 13.1 || .396 || .286 || .600 || .6 || 1.2 || .2 || .0 || 5.1 || 1.6 |- class="sortbottom" | style="text-align:left;"| Career | style="text-align:left;"| | 41 || 8 || 18.4 || .386 || .280 || .750 || 1.4 || 1.2 || .6 || .0 || 7.1 || 4.0 National team career Jón Arnór played 100 games for the Icelandic men's national basketball team from 2000 to 2019, appearing in EuroBasket 2015 and EuroBasket 2017. He retired after Iceland's 91-67 victory against Portugal on 21 February 2019, where he led all scorers with 17 points. Awards and accomplishments Club honours FIBA Europe League:2004–05 Italian Basketball Cup: 2006 Icelandic championship: 2000, 2009, 2017, 2018, 2019 Icelandic Basketball Cup: 2017 Icelandic Company Cup: 2008 Individual awards Icelandic Sportsperson of the Year : 2014 Icelandic Basketball Player of the Year : 2002-2005, 2007-2010, 2012–2015 Úrvalsdeild Domestic Player of the Year : 2002, 2009, 2017 Úrvalsdeild Domestic All-First Team : 2001, 2002, 2009, 2017 Úrvalsdeild Men's Playoffs MVP (2) : 2009, 2017 Icelandic Cup MVP: 2017 FIBA EuroCup All-Star Day : (2005) Personal life Jón Arnór was born in Skövde, Sweden, to Icelandic parents. He is the brother of handballer and Olympic silver medalist Ólafur Stefánsson and former footballer Eggert Stefánsson who played with Fram in Úrvalsdeild karla. References External links Jón Stefánsson at acb.com Jón Stefánsson at eurobasket.com Jón Stefánsson at euroleague.net Jón Stefánsson at kki.is Jón Stefánsson at legabasket.it Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Baloncesto Málaga players Category:Basket Napoli players Category:Basket Zaragoza players Category:BC Dynamo Saint Petersburg players Category:CB Granada players Category:Expatriate basketball people in Italy Category:Expatriate basketball people in Russia Jón Arnór Stefánsson Jón Arnór Stefánsson Jón Arnór Stefánsson Jón Arnór Stefánsson Jón Arnór Stefánsson Jón Arnór Stefánsson Category:Lega Basket Serie |
A players Category:Liga ACB players Category:Pallacanestro Treviso players Category:Pallacanestro Virtus Roma players Category:Shooting guards Category:Small forwards Jón Arnór Stefánsson Category:Swedish men's basketball players Category:Swedish people of Icelandic descent Jón Arnór Stefánsson Category:Valencia Basket players |
Annika Taylor Annika Taylor (born 4 June 1993) is a cross-country skier with joint British and American nationality. Early life and education Born in Truckee, California, Taylor is the daughter of Betsy and Peter Taylor. She holds British and American citizenship as her father is originally from the United Kingdom. She has been cross-country skiing since the age of 2 and racing since the age of 5. As a junior, she raced for California's Auburn Ski Club and the Far West Nordic Ski Education Association, winning three CNISSF State Championships and notching three top-10 finishes at the USSA Junior Championships. After graduating from Truckee High School, she attended the University of New Hampshire. She raced for the New Hampshire Wildcats skiing team from 2011 to 2015, while pursuing a degree in chemistry and graduating in 2015 May. Skiing career 2012-2013 season In 2013 January, Taylor won the 15 km free mass start at Colby College Winter Carnival, which is her first FIS race win of her career. 2013-2014 season In 2013 November, she changed her nationality from the United States to the United Kingdom. In 2014 January, her first racing for British came at the Swiss National Championships in Leysin. In 2014 February, she competed in the 2014 FIS U23 Cross-Country World Championships at Val di Fiemme, her best result was 35th in the Skiathlon. 2014-2015 season In 2015 February, she won the 5 km free at Middlebury College Winter Carnival, which is her second FIS race win of her career. In 2015 March, she competed in the 2015 NCAA Skiing Championships at Lake Placid. She raced to 7th in the 15 km classic, the mark earned her All-American status. 2015-2016 season After graduating from university in 2015 May, she started skiing full-time and continued skiing for British National Team. At the same time, she joined the Sugar Bowl Academy, which is based in Norden. In 2015 November, she made her FIS Cross-Country World Cup debut in Ruka, placed 50th in the Sprint classic. In 2016 February, she competed in the 2016 FIS U23 Cross-Country World Championships at Râșnov, her best result was 30th in the 10 km free. At the end of 2016 season, she competed in the 2016 Ski Tour Canada, placed 42nd overall. 2016-2017 season In 2016 May, she moved to Lillehammer and joined the Team Coop Talent, which is the elite branch off of the Lillehammer SK. In 2017 February, she competed in the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2017 at Lahti, her best result was 38th in the sprint freestyle and 30 km freestyle mass start. Cross-country skiing results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games World Championships World Cup Season standings References Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:People from Truckee, California Category:American female cross-country skiers Category:British female cross-country skiers Category:American people of English descent Category:New Hampshire Wildcats athletes Category:Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic cross-country skiers of Great Britain |
Photoworks Annual Photoworks Annual is a British magazine which specialises in art photography, published by Photoworks. The magazine was established in 2003 as Photoworks and was published biannually until 2013 when it became an annual publication and obtained its current name. The magazine is published by Photoworks, a Brighton based organization for contemporary photography. The magazine was edited by Gordon MacDonald until he stood down in 2011. The magazine is supported by the Arts Council of England. External links Review of inaugural new-format issue at Photomonitor Category:Annual magazines Category:Biannual magazines Category:British arts magazines Category:English-language magazines Category:Magazines established in 2003 Category:Photography magazines |
Boyd, Kentucky Boyd is an unincorporated community in Harrison County, Kentucky, in the United States. History A post office called Boyd's Station was established in 1854. It was renamed Boyd in 1880, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1957. The community was named for Andrew Boyd, an early settler. References Category:Unincorporated communities in Harrison County, Kentucky Category:Unincorporated communities in Kentucky |
Sigurd Halling Sigurd Halling (20 July 1866 – 25 July 1938) was a Norwegian educator. He was born in Lom to Honoratus Halling and Marie Henrikke Bomhoff, and was an uncle of Else Halling. He graduated as cand.theol. from the University in Christiania in 1892. He worked as teacher and headmaster at various schools in Kristiania. From 1907 he was in charge of both Otto Anderssen's private school and the Conradi Sisters' girl school. These were united and renamed to Halling's School. He was the principal teacher for prince Olav from 1913 to 1921. He was decorated as Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1921. References Category:1866 births Category:1938 deaths Category:People from Lom Category:University of Oslo alumni Category:Norwegian principals |
Lieselotte Feikes Lieselotte Feikes (born 1923 in Viersen) is a German chemist. She is known for her work in the leather chemistry and the development of wastewater treatment processes. Life Starting in 1943, Feikes studied chemistry at the Halle University at the Institute of Karl Ziegler and at the Heidelberg University. She earned her doctorate with Margot Becke-Goehring at the Heidelberg University. In 1953, she joined the Carl Freudenberg Werke in Weinheim. She headed the leather laboratory for 20 years and developed wastewater treatment processes for wastewater treatment plants. Since the beginning of the 1970's, she was responsible for environmental protection in the company. In 1983, she wrote the book "Ökologische Probleme der Lederindustrie". She was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for her services to environmental protection. Selected publications Awards She received the following awards: 1979 Yearly prize of the Verein für Gerberei-Chemie 1984 Honorary member of the Verein Österreichischer Ledertechniker 1986 Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1986 Arthur Wilson Memorial Lecture References Category:German women chemists Category:German chemists Category:Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Category:1923 births Category:Living people |
Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan (born in Languedoc, 11 July 1941) is a French and Nigerien anthropologist, and Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Marseilles. He is also Emeritus Director of Research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris and associate professor at University Abdou Moumouni in Niamey, Niger. Background Olivier de Sardan comes from an aristocratic background in Languedoc in southern France, and was educated in Paris where his father was posted as a civil servant. He has seven children and has been married more than once. Olivier de Sardan studied political science and anthropology in France from the late 1950s, gaining a Diplôme at the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po, 1961), Licence in Sociology from the Sorbonne (1963), and in 1967 his PhD (Doctorat de 3e cycle) in anthropology (ethnologie) supervised by R. Bastide. His Doctorat d’état was directed by Jean Rouch and Georges Balandier and awarded in 1982. He was a leading activist against the Vietnam war, and participated in the May 1968 demonstrations in France. For his doctoral work, he studied social change among the Wogo people in Niger, after first being recruited by Jean Rouch to conduct fieldwork with this group over a year in 1965. Over time his close observations of the Songhay-Zarma people have informed other projects, on more general topics, but all grounded in empirical researches in Africa: anthropology of development, medical anthropology, anthropology of bureaucracies, and, more generally, an anthropology of public actions and of the delivery of public and collective goods and services in Africa. Known as an unconventional anthropologist, he had many collaborations with sociologists, historians or political scientists, and has produced innovative concepts such as "local modes of governance" and "practical norms". He helped found, and was first President of, APAD - the Association Euro-Africaine pour l’Anthropologie du Changement social et du Développement and its journal. He established LASDEL in Niamey (Laboratoire d’études et de recherches sur les dynamiques sociales et le développement local). He obtained citizenship of Niger in 1999. Research contributions Olivier de Sardan's first fieldwork was a classic anthropological investigation of a particular society, the Wogo along the banks and islands of the Niger River in Western Niger. Several later books describe the language and culture of the broader Songhay-Zarma populations of this region, including their therapeutic practices and former slavery relations. He and the visual anthropologist Jean Rouch are probably the foremost ethnographers of western Niger. Olivier de Sardan has also made significant contributions to the understanding of social change and development on African societies, through empirical observation in Niger, Benin, Mali and other countries in Africa (but also including the Lozère region in France). After fifteen years he moved away from classic ethnographic description of small scale society to observe how modernity and western influences are incorporated into, and subverted by, African societies - particularly through public and collective services delivery, and by development aid. In his 1995 book (Olivier de Sardan, 1995, English version 2005) he significantly enhanced the field of anthropology of development, advocating for a "fundamental" and non-normative anthropology of development (and not only an "applied" one), being attentive to the drifts, unintended effects and implementations gaps of development projects, describing the various perceptions and logics of development 'actors' and stakeholders in Africa and how they related to existing socio-political structures. The techniques of international development aid, especially "participation", came under scrutiny and he set out some of the key features of anthropological investigation of development impacts. A further volume (2000) was the first |
study of development aid "brokers" situated between local societies and international aid agencies. More recent work concern local powers and decentralization in the context of stratified societies in Africa (Olivier de Sardan and Tidjani Alou, 2009), political corruption among state actors in cash-starved African contexts (Blundo and Olivier de Sardan, 2006) and the ethnography of elections (Olivier de Sardan, 2015). He has also contributed to insert medical anthropology into health policy and system research (HPSR), analyzing health service delivery in West Africa and the interactions between patients and health workers (Jaffré and Olivier de Sardan 2003), and developing an empirical approach of public health policies in Sahelian countries (Olivier de Sardan & Ridde, 2015). His latest work focuses on African public policies and administrations. He is particularly interested in "traveling models" (standardized health and development policies) and their confrontation with local contexts ("pragmatic contexts"), a major aspect of which is the "practical norms" that regulate the "non-observant behaviors" of civil servants, i.e. informal regulations of routine practices that deviate from official norms (De Herdt and Olivier de Sardan, 2015; Olivier de Sardan and Piccoli, 2018). It is also within this framework that he co-edited with Bierschenk a book on "States at work". Olivier de Sardan has also authored a reference book on anthropological method and epistemological issues (2008, translated in English 2015). He has strong views on the need to conduct rigorous and long term fieldwork, and he has developed with Thomas Bierschenk an innovative procedure for team research and collective fieldwork in anthropology (the ECRIS canvas). Honours Prize Ester Boserup, University of Copenhagen, 2014 Chevalier de la légion d'honneur de la République française, 2013 Doctorate honoris causa, Université de Liège, 2012 Festschrift volume, published 2007 (Biershenk T, G Blundo, Y Jaffre and M Tidjani Alou (eds.). 2007. Une anthropologie entre rigueur et engagement: essais autour de l'œuvre de Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan. Paris: Karthala.) Chevalier des palmes académiques de la République du Niger, 2004 Key publications In English Books Olivier de Sardan, J.P. et Piccoli, E. (eds). 2018. Cash Transfers in Context. An anthropological perspective Berghahn De Herdt, T. and J-P. *Olivier de Sardan (eds.). Real governance and practical norms in Sub-Saharan Africa. The game of the rules. Routledge, 2015 Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 2015. Epistemology, fieldwork and anthropology. Palgrave. Bierschenk, T. and J-P. Olivier de Sardan (eds.). 2014. States at Work. The Dynamics of African Bureaucracies. Brill. Blundo G. and Olivier de Sardan J.-P. (eds) 2006. Everyday corruption and the state: citizens and public officials in Africa. London: Zed Books. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 2005. Anthropology and development. Understanding contemporary social change. London: Zed Books. Articles 2019 -"How to study bureaucracies ethnographically" (with T. Bierschenk), Critique of Anthropology 39 (2) :243-257 2017 - "Travelling models and the challenge of pragmatic contexts and practical norms: the case of maternal health” » (with A. Diarra & M. Moha), Health Research Policy and Systems, 15 (suppt 1) : 60 (DOI: 10.1186/s12961-017-0213-9) 2016 - "For an Anthropology of Gaps, Discrepancies and Contradictions”, Antropologia 3, 1: 111-131 2016 - "Rivalries of proximity beyond the household in Niger: political elites and the baab-izey pattern”, Africa, 87(1), 120-136 2013 - "Embeddedness and informal norms: Institutionnalisms and anthropology", Critique of Anthropology 33(3): 280-299. 2011 - "The eight modes of local governance in West Africa", IDS Bulletin 42(2): 22-31. 2009 - "State bureaucracy and government in West Francophone Africa. Empirical Diagnosis, Historical Perspective", in Blundo and Lemeur (eds), pp. 39–71. 2005 - "Classic Ethnology and the Socio-Anthropology of Public Spaces New Themes and Old Methods in European African Studies",Africa Spectrum 40 (3):485-497. 1999 - "African corruption in |
the context of globalization", in Fardon, Binsbergen (van) & Dijk (van) (eds.). Modernity on a shoestring. Dimensions of globalization, consumption and development in Africa and beyond. London, Eidos : 247-268. 1999 - "A moral economy of corruption in Africa ?", The Journal of Modern African Studies 37 (1) : 25-52. 1998 - "Illness entities in West Africa", Anthropology and Medicine 5 (2) : 193-217. 1997 - [with T. Bierschenk], "Local powers in the absence of the State. Configurations of local political power and their relations with the state in rural Central African Republic", Review of Modern African Studies : 441-468. 1997 - [with T. Bierschenk], "ECRIS: rapid collective inquiry for the identification of conflicts and strategic groups", Human Organization 56 (2) : 238-244. 1992 - "Occultism and the ethnographic "I". The exoticizing of magic from Durkheim to "postmodern" anthropology", Critique of Anthropology 12(1) : 5-25. 1988 - "Peasant logics and development projects logics", Sociologia Ruralis 28 (2-3) : 216-228. 1983 - "On film and the ethnographic real", Current Anthropology 24 (4). 1983 - "The songhay-zarma female slave", in Robertson & Klein (eds.). Women and slavery in Africa. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press : 130-141. 1978 - "Marriage among the Wogo", in Seddon (ed.). Relations of production. London, F. Cass : 357-389. In French Books Olivier de Sardan J.-P.(ed) 2015. Élections au village. Une ethnographie de la culture électorale au Niger. Paris: Karthala. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. and V. Ridde (eds) 2015. Une politique publique de santé et ses contradictions. La gratuité des soins au Burkina Faso, au Mali et au Niger. Paris: Karthala. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. and M. Tidjani Alou (eds) 2009. Les pouvoirs locaux au Niger (Tome 1 : en attendant la décentralisation). Paris: Karthala. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 2008. La rigueur du qualitatif. Les contraintes empiriques de l’interprétation socioanthropologique. Louvain-La-Neuve: Bruylant. review Blundo G. and Olivier de Sardan J.-P. (eds.) 2003. Pratiques de la description. Paris: Éditions de l’EHESS (Enquête, vol. 3) Jaffré, J. and Olivier de Sardan J.-P. (eds.) 2003. Une médecine inhospitalière. Les difficiles relations entre soignants et soignés dans cinq capitales d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Paris: Karthala. Bierschenk T., J.-P. Chauveau & J.-P. Olivier de Sardan (eds.) 2000. Courtiers en développement: Les villages africains en quête de projets. Paris: Editions Karthala. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. and Y. Jaffré (eds.). 1999. La construction sociale des maladies. Les entités nosologiques populaires en Afrique de l'Ouest. Paris: PUF. review Bierschenk T. and Olivier de Sardan J.-P. (eds.) 1998. Les pouvoirs au village: le Bénin rural entre démocratisation et decentralisation. Paris: Karthala. reviews Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 1995. Anthropologie et développement : essai en socio-anthropologie du changement social. Paris: Karthala. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. and E. Paquot (eds.) 1991. D'un savoir à l'autre: les agents de développement comme médiateurs. Paris, GRET- Ministère de la Coopération. P. Boiral, J.F. Lantéri, and Olivier de Sardan J.-P. (eds.). 1985. Paysans, experts et chercheurs en Afrique noire: sciences sociales et développement rural. Paris: Karthala. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 1984. Les sociétés songhay-zarma (chefs, guerriers, esclaves, paysans...). Paris: Karthala. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 1982. Concepts et conceptions songhay-zarma (histoire, culture, société). Paris: Nubia. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 1976. Quand nos pères étaient captifs (récits paysans du Niger). Paris: Nubia. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 1969. Système des relations économiques et sociales chez les Wogo du Niger. Paris: Institut d'ethnologie. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 1969. Les voleurs d'hommes (notes sur l'histoire des Kurtey). Paris-Niamey: Études Nigériennes. Olivier de Sardan J.-P. 1965. Les Wogos du Niger. Paris-Niamey: Études Nigériennes. References External links Category:French anthropologists Category:1941 births Category:Living people Category:French emigrants to Niger |
Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken Frederick Louis (; 27 October 1619 – 11 April 1681) was the Duke of Landsberg from 1645 until 1681, and the Count Palatine of Zweibrücken from 1661 until 1681. Life Frederick Louis was born in Heidelberg in 1619 as the only surviving son of Frederick Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg. After his father's death in 1645, Frederick Louis inherited his territories devastated by the Thirty Years' War. To a limited extent he contributed to the reconstruction efforts and he promoted trade to stabilise the situation. In 1661 he inherited the Duchy of Zweibrücken, another territory devastated by the war, following the death of Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. He died at Landsberg Castle, near Obermoschel, in 1681. With the sons of his first marriage predeceased and the sons of his second morganatic marriage illegitimate, he was succeeded by King Charles XI of Sweden. Marriage Frederick Louis married his first cousin, Juliana Magdalena of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (23 April 1621 - 25 March 1672), daughter of Duke John II, on 14 November 1645 in Düsseldorf and had the following children: Charles Frederick (12 September 1646 - 22 October 1646) William Louis (23 February 1648 - 31 August 1675), married his first cousin Charlotte Frederica of Palatinate-Zweibrücken; they had two sons and a daughter who died in infancy. A daughter (28 December 1648 - 1 January 1649) A son (9 January 1650 - 12 January 1650) Gustavus John (11 January 1651 - 25 February 1652) A daughter (born and died 15 April 1652) Charlotte Amalie (24 May 1653 - 8 August 1707), married Count John Phillip of Isenburg-Offenbach Louise Magdalena (17 June 1654 - 11 February 1672) Maria Sophie (13 August 1655 - 8 October 1659) Elizabeth Christine (27 October 1656 - 29 August 1707), married firstly Count Emich XIV of Leiningen-Dagsburg and secondly Christoph Frederick, Burgrave and Count of Dohna-Lauck Charles Casimir (6 August 1658 - 14 September 1673) Juliana Eleanore (27 June 1661 - 12 February 1662) John (11 February 1662 - 25 January 1665) Frederick Louis morganatically married Anna Marie Elisabeth Hepp (c. 1635 - 8 March 1722) on 21 August 1672 and had the following children: William Frederick of Fürstenwärther (12 October 1673 - 3 April 1732) Charles Aemilius of Fürstenwärther (28 November 1674 - 21 April 1758), married twice and leave descendants Louis Philip of Fürstenwärther (10 May 1676 - 26 February 1724) A son (born and died 10 May 1677) Maria Elizabeth of Fürstenwärther (2 January 1679 - 1680/1) Ancestors Category:1619 births Category:1681 deaths Category:People from Heidelberg Category:House of Wittelsbach Category:Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken |
Prayer For Ruin Prayer For Ruin is a webcomic hosted by Comic Genesis involving a group of robots that awake to find themselves on a jungle planet inhabited by demons. It has been described by its creators as "a war between demonic forces and amnesiac robots" "a comic about cheap jokes" and "a verifiable bonanza of madcap adventure". The webcomic achieved mild notoriety upon its appearance on the WebComics Super 100 List and various comic forums. Prayer for Ruin was created in 2009 by writer Kyle Wilkins (previous works unknown) and artist 10er Bradley (Six By Nine College). In 2010, a supplemental writer, Morgan C Reynolds, was added. Characters Abel-The main protagonist of Prayer For Ruin. He is often depicted as easy-going, or even naive. Goliath-The second robot introduced in the story (comic 10) and something of a giant. He seems to be only able to reply with the phrases "affirmative" and "negative". Veesg-The first major demon character introduced (comic 21). Veesg holds a place in the demon hierarchy. He is generally shown to be murderous and animalistic. Inkiah-The second major demon character to appear (comic 22) and the first female in the story. Inkiah is Veesg's right-hand servant. References External links Comic Genesis WebComics Super 100 List Category:2000s webcomics Category:Fantasy webcomics |
Verner Luckin Verner Valentine Luckin (14 February 1892 – 28 November 1931) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled leg break googly. Luckin made his first-class debut for Hampshire in the 1910 County Championship against Somerset, where in Somerset's second innings he took 3/39. Luckin played ten first-class matches for Hampshire up until the end of the 1912 season, with his final first-class match for the county against Middlesex. In his ten matches Luckin had no success with the bat and with the ball he took 13 wickets at a bowling average of 39.46. After the First World War, Luckin made his debut for Warwickshire against Surrey in the 1919 County Championship. He played nine first-class matches for Warwickshire in the 1919 season, with his final first-class match for the county coming against Worcestershire. Luckin had more success with the bat for Warwickshire, scoring 195 runs at an average of 27.85, with a single half century score of 59* out against Lancashire. With the ball he took eleven wickets at a bowling average of 30.18, with best figures of 3-19. He died at High Cross, Hampshire on 28 November 1931. External links Verner Luckin at Cricinfo Verner Luckin at CricketArchive Matches and detailed statistics for Verner Luckin Category:1892 births Category:1931 deaths Category:Sportspeople from Woking Category:People from Surrey Category:English cricketers Category:Hampshire cricketers Category:Warwickshire cricketers |
Comin' Back Home Comin' Back Home is the fourth studio album by rapper Choppa. It was released on July 18, 2006 and was his second album released through Body Head Entertainment, with production by Roy Jones, Jr., Tommy Fingerz, and Scott Ross. Track listing References Body Head Entertainment Official website Old official website Category:2006 albums Category:Choppa albums |
World Blitz Chess Championship The World Blitz Chess Championship is a chess tournament held to determine the world champion in chess played under blitz time controls. Since 2012, FIDE has held an annual joint rapid and blitz chess tournament and billed it as the World Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships. The current world blitz champion is the Norwegian grandmaster Magnus Carlsen. Time controls Starting in the early 1900s, chess clubs began to organize tournament played at accelerated time controls; these early games usually required a set number of moves from each player within a certain time interval. One of the earliest examples was the local chess club at Hastings, England, where 10 seconds were allowed per-move during a blitz tournament held after the 1904 British Chess Championship. By 1950, the time controls had changed to the familiar five minutes per player, hence the "five-minute game" moniker; the term "blitz chess" would not be coined until the 1960s. FIDE-recognized events FIDE World Blitz Championship (2006–2010) The first blitz chess tournament to be recognized by FIDE as a "world championship" took place on 6 September 2006 in Rishon Lezion, Israel. Structured as a 16-player round-robin, the tournament featured seven of the world's top 20 Grandmasters, as well as a young Magnus Carlsen. After 15 rounds, Alexander Grischuk and Peter Svidler finished atop the leaderboard with 10½/15; Grischuk subsequently defeated Svidler with Black in an armageddon game to win the championship. The following year, the tournament (now branded as the FIDE World Blitz Cup) was held in Moscow, Russia following the Tal Memorial tournament and was re-structured as a 20-player double-round robin with a significantly stronger field. After Ukrainian grandmaster Vassily Ivanchuk and Indian grandmaster Viswanathan Anand entered the final round tied on points, Ivanchuk defeated Anand from a disadvantaged position to win the tournament with 25½/38. In 2008, the championship reverted to a 16-player round robin. Despite a late charge from the defending champion Ivanchuk, who won seven of the final eight rounds, the tournament was won by Leinier Domínguez, a 25-year-old GM from Cuba who scored 11½/15 to edge out Ivanchuk by a half-point. In 2009, the championship returned to Moscow, where the format was once again switched to a 22-player double round-robin with revised time controls of three minutes per player plus a 2-second increment. The event was won by the young Norwegian chess prodigy Magnus Carlsen, who finished three points clear of the field with 31/42 and went 8/8 against the 2nd through 5th-place finishers. 2010 would prove to be the final year of the event – hosted again in Moscow, the tournament was dubbed the VI World Blitz 2010 and held immediately after the Tal Memorial tournament. Despite losing both his final games, Armenian Grandmaster Levon Aronian was able to clinch the title with 24½/38, half a point ahead of Teimour Radjabov. In November 2010, a nine-round Swiss tournament was scheduled for February 17, 2011, to serve as a qualifying event for the World Blitz Championship 2011; however, after no bids for the event were made the tournament was eventually cancelled. Editions and medallists World Rapid & Blitz Chess Championships (since 2012) On May 31, 2012, FIDE announced the inaugural World Rapid & Blitz Championships, set to take place in Astana, Kazakhstan, from July 1 to 11. The 2012 tournament consisted of a qualifying round, followed by the rapid and blitz events held consecutively over five days. The championship was originally structured as a 16-player round-robin tournament, set to coincide with the first release of FIDE's rapid and blitz ratings in July 2012; invited were the top 9 |
players in the FIDE ratings list, the defending champion Levon Aronian, the three medalists of the qualification competition, and three wild-card nominees by the organization committee and FIDE. The event has since been changed to a Swiss tournament with a field of over 100 grandmasters. The top three finishers in the standings are awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals respectively; tiebreaks are determined by the average rating of opponents. Editions and medallists Open Women Other events Herceg Novi Blitz Tournament of 1970 On 8 April 1970, following the USSR vs. Rest of the World 'Match of the Century' hosted in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, a blitz tournament was held in Herceg Novi, featuring many of the same participants from the match. The event was a 12-player double round-robin, with no tiebreaks and five minutes per player. Featuring four World Champions, the field was considered the strongest of any blitz tournament in modern history. Heading into the event, two-time World Champion Tigran Petrosian was considered the favorite to win the event, with Mikhail Tal and Viktor Korchnoi also enjoying favorable chances. It was American grandmaster Bobby Fischer, however, who put up a dominant performance, scoring 19/22 to win the tournament by 4½ points. Fischer scored a staggering 8½/10 against the five Soviet grandmasters in attendance, dropping only one game in the entire tournament and frequently gaining huge time advantages in each game. According to one report, Fischer spent no more than 2.5 minutes on any game. At the end of the tournament, Tal – who had been whitewashed by Fischer – gave his thoughts on the American's performance. 1988 World Blitz Championship Following the Candidates' matches for the 1988 cycle, a World Blitz Championship was hosted in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, on 19 February 1988. The event was a 32-player single-elimination tournament, with pairings determined by best-of-four matches. The field was headlined by long-time rivals Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov, with the former considered the favorite to win the tournament. Notable participants included: , 2750 , 2715 , 2630 , 2625 , 2625 , 2620 , 2595 , 2595 , 2595 , 2585 , 2580 , 2560 , 2560 , 2550 , 2540 , 2535 , 2530 , 2525 , 2510 , 2505 , 2505 , 2495 , 2495 , 2480 Former world champion Anatoly Karpov fell out of contention for the championship in just the second round, after dropping his first two games against fellow Soviet grandmaster Alexander Chernin. Reigning world champion Garry Kasparov steamed ahead into the quarterfinals but lost momentum after missing an elementary mate in two against Bulgarian grandmaster Kiril Georgiev; a stunned Kasparov was subsequently knocked out of the tournament. In the final, Mikhail Tal clinched the championship with a 3½-½ victory over Armenian grandmaster Rafael Vaganian. Mikhail Tal, the 51-year-old former World Champion, breezed through the final rounds with 5½/6 after dropping his first quarterfinal game. Joining him in the finals was Rafael Vaganian, who survived a controversial semifinal against Kiril Georgiev; the Armenian nearly punched his clock after making an illegal move in Game 2, an accusation that was eventually refuted after match officials resorted to a video review and found that Vaganian's hand had stopped just short of touching the clock. The final was a one-sided affair, with Tal repeatedly utilizing exchange sacrifices to find winning combinations; down 3–0 after three games, Vaganian offered his hand in the 4th game to concede the match to Tal. After the match, Tal claimed he took the event "none too seriously"; he chain-smoked throughout the tournament, and his "preparation" for the semifinal match against Chernin reportedly consisted |
of a double scotch. 2000 World Blitz Chess Cup The Plus GSM World Blitz Cup was a 367-player Swiss-system tournament held in Warsaw, Poland, on 9 January 2000. Hosted at the Warsaw Polonia Chess Club, the event consisted of 11 rounds, with each match comprising two 5-minute games for a total of 22 games per player. Indian grandmaster Vishwanathan Anand, the tournament's No. 1 seed, triumphed over a strong field that included 70 Grandmasters and nine of the world's top-20 ranked players with a 17½/22 score. Anand's run saw him pick up 14 wins, 7 draws, and only 1 loss, highlighted by a 43-move win with the black pieces against Anatoly Karpov. The tournament's sponsor, Plus GSM, set aside a $30,500 prize fund for the event as well as Nokia mobile communicators to be given to the top four finishers and the two top Polish players. See also World Rapid Chess Championship Fast chess References Blitz |
Web Calendar Access Protocol Web Calendar Access Protocol (WCAP) is a protocol for remote client-server calendar access and scheduling based on the XML, HTTP, iCalendar, and vCard Internet standards. WCAP was created for use with the product that eventually became Sun Java System Calendar Server, but is also used by the open source Buni Meldware project. WCAP uses simple HTTP GET commands for accessing iCalendar, Freebusy, TODO and vCard entries. WCAP responses are either the traditional text form or an XML form of iCalendar/etc. Several plugins exist including those for Mozilla Thunderbird, Novell Evolution and Microsoft Outlook. There is a competing protocol called CalDAV undergoing standardization. Example Client GET /wcap/get_freebusy.wcap?appid=mozilla-calendar&calid=mailto%3Atom%40localhost&busyonly=1&dtstart=20070521T040000Z&dtend=20070525T040000Z&fmt-out=text%2Fxml&id=17046506 HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:8080 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.8.0.10) Gecko/20070403 Thunderbird/1.5.0.10 Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache Response HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1 X-Powered-By: Servlet 2.4; JBoss-4.0.4.GA (build: CVSTag=JBoss_4_0_4_GA date=200605151000)/Tomcat-5.5 Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=41DAC48C79927D68EDFAF5FBFD491236; Path=/ Content-Type: text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Length: 1399 Date: Mon, 21 May 2007 19:43:37 GMT <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <iCalendar> <iCal version="2.0" prodid="-//Buni Meldware Calendar Server 0.8//EN" METHOD="PUBLISH"> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-LAST-MODIFIED>20061102T170639Z</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-LAST-MODIFIED> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-CREATED>20060814T110002Z</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-CREATED> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-READ>999</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-READ> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-WRITE>999</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-WRITE> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-RELATIVE-CALID>tom</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-RELATIVE-CALID> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-NAME>tom</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-NAME> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-PRIMARY-OWNER>tom</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-PRIMARY-OWNER> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY>@@o^c^WDEIC^g</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY>@@o^a^RSF^g</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY>@^a^rsf^g</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY>@^c^^g</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY>@^p^r^g</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-ACCESS-CONTROL-ENTRY> <X-NSCP-CALPROPS-RESOURCE>0</X-NSCP-CALPROPS-RESOURCE> <X-S1CS-CALPROPS-ALLOW-DOUBLEBOOKING>1</X-S1CS-CALPROPS-ALLOW-DOUBLEBOOKING> <FREEBUSY> <START>20070521T040000Z</START> <END>20070525T040000Z</END> <FB FBTYPE="BUSY">20070521T130000Z/20070521T140000Z</FB><FB FBTYPE="BUSY">20070521T150000Z/20070521T160000Z</FB> </FREEBUSY> <X-NSCP-WCAP-ERRNO>0</X-NSCP-WCAP-ERRNO> </iCal> </iCalendar> References Category:Calendaring standards Category:Sun Microsystems software |
Pac-12 Conference Men's Soccer Coach of the Year The Pac-12 Conference Men's Soccer Coach of the Year is an annual award given to the best head coach in the Pac-12 Conference during the NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The award has been given since 2000. Kevin Grimes has won the award five times. Key Winners Coach of the Year (2000–present) References Category:NCAA Division I men's soccer conference coaches of the year Coach of the Year Category:Awards established in 2000 |
Simon Jefferies Simon H. Jefferies (born 11 July 1955) is a British coxswain. He won a gold medal at the 1980 World Rowing Championships in Hazewinkel with the lightweight men's eight. He was the cox for the British men's eight at the 1988 Summer Olympics where they came fourth. References Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:British male rowers Category:World Rowing Championships medalists for Great Britain Category:Coxswains (rowing) Category:Olympic rowers of Great Britain Category:Rowers at the 1988 Summer Olympics |
Philip T. Hartung Philip T. Hartung (1903 – July 24, 1973) was an American writer. He was the film critic for Commonweal from 1938 until his death in 1973 at the age of 70. He served as a consultant for the Office of Film and Broadcasting at the United States Catholic Conference. From 1942 to 1945 he also worked for the Museum of Modern Art. His work appeared in Esquire, Scholastic, Time, and Woman's Home Companion. References Category:1903 births Category:1973 deaths Category:American film critics Category:Date of birth missing |
Sarpsborg FK Sarpsborg Fotballklubb is a Norwegian football club from Sarpsborg, Østfold. It was founded on 8 May 1903. Sarpsborg is one of the most successful teams in the Norwegian Football Cup, with six titles and twelve finals in total. In 2007, the club merged into the club that is now called Sarpsborg 08, and today Sarpsborg FK is an amateur club playing in the 4. divisjon, the fifth tier of Norwegian league system. History Sarpsborg played their first cup final as early as 1906, which they lost against Odd. In 1917, in Sarpsborg's third final, the club won its first title after Brann was beaten 4-1. Sarpsborg also won the cup in 1929, 1939, 1948, 1949 and 1951. Harry Yven participated in four of these six championships, the first time as a 17-year-old in 1929 and the last as a 37-year-old in 1949. Sarpsborg's latest period of greatness was the years around 1970. That year, they participated in the European Cup. With the exception of 1957 to 1962 and 1973, Sarpsborg played at the top tier from the inaugural season in 1937–38 till the club was relegated in 1974. Former Scottish international forward Jim McCalliog played for Sarpsborg FK in 1979. Sarpsborg last played in the Norwegian First Division in 1997. Other famous former players include Kristian Henriksen, Asbjørn Halvorsen, Asbjørn Hansen, Kolbjørn Nilsen, Harry Kure and Egil Olsen. 21st century The club played in the 2. divisjon (third tier) as late as in 2007. After that season, the first team was merged with local rivals Sparta Sarpsborg to form a new team Sarpsborg Sparta FK. Sarpsborg Sparta FK took the place of Sparta Sarpsborg in the league system, namely in the 1. divisjon. Sarpsborg FK did not cease to exist, but fielded a new first team for the 2008 season, which took over the place of its own second team had occupied in the league system, in the Fourth Division. Because of the historic rivalry between SFK and Sparta, Sarpsborg Sparta changed its name to Sarpsborg 08 ahead of the 2009 season. Achievements Norwegian top flight: Third place (1): 1964 Norwegian Cup: Winners (6): 1917, 1929, 1939, 1948, 1949, 1951 Runners-up (6): 1906, 1907, 1925, 1934, 1935, 1964 European record References Category:Football clubs in Norway Category:Eliteserien clubs Category:Sport in Sarpsborg Category:1903 establishments in Norway Category:Association football clubs established in 1903 |
Thomas Lange (disambiguation) Thomas Lange (born 1964) is a German rower and Olympic medallist. Thomas Lange may also refer to: Thomas Lange (novelist) (1829–1887), Danish novelist See also Thomas Lang (disambiguation) |
Michel Le Vassor Michel le Vassor (1648?–1718) was a French Oratorian priest and author, who became a Protestant in exile in England. He is known for theological, historical and political works. Life He was born in Orléans about 1648. Influenced by Nicolas Malebranche, but also close to Jansenist in his view, he tried fruitlessly to reconcile Malebranche with Antoine Arnauld in 1679. In fact Le Vassor's lectures on grace after Malebranche, given at Saint-Magloire, set off a substantial public debate involving Arnauld. Le Vassor left the Oratorians in 1690. In 1695 he was converted to Protestantism, and went to England via the Netherlands. There he was supported by William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, and by Gilbert Burnet. He died in Northamptonshire. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1702. Works Le Vassor's Traité de la véritable religion (1688) was an attack on the biblical criticism of Richard Simon, Jean Le Clerc, and Benedict Spinoza. It included early examples of arguments against Spinoza's thought that were to become standard, and was widely recommended (by the Lutheran Johann Wolfgang Jaeger as well as the Catholics Daniele Concina and Luis António Verney); Le Vassor's reputation was made by the work, accessible in French, and he was mentioned with the leading Catholic opponents of Spinoza, Daniel Huet (in Latin only) and François Lamy, as well as the Protestants Bernard Nieuwentyt and Buddeus. It was stated in the Traité as a commonplace that a form of Spinozism had become popular particularly in educated French circles, that its appeal was both its systematic character and the opportunities it afforded for sniping against the Bible and miracles, and that Spinoza had not in fact died an atheist as had been alleged, in Pierre Bayle's account. The main religious battle had now shifted, Le Vassor argued as many others did at the time, to face general impiety rather than just Protestant views, and an "enlightened" Christianity was required to provide effective opposition to free-thought. The basis needed was an emphasis on rational design in nature, the innateness of belief in a providential God (an argument also in René-Joseph Tournemine), and the continuity of tradition attesting the teaching of the Church. The design argument was used also at this time by Jacob Abbadie and Le Clerc, and was taken up later by Isaac Jaquelot and Jean Denyse. Simon defended himself against Le Vassor in 1689 with an Apology, published in the name of a nephew. In the same year Le Vassor published some New Testament paraphrases. The anonymous Les Soupirs de la France esclave (1689) has been attributed to Le Vassor; the traditional attribution to Pierre Jurieu is now much contested. It touched on economic themes under the ancien régime, was published in 15 parts, and was largely reprinted (13 parts) in 1788 as Les voeux d'un patriote, through the efforts of Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne. Le Vassor's Lettres d'un gentilhomme français (1695), published at Liège, discussed a proposed French poll tax. Traité de la manière d'examiner les différends de religion (1697) was seen as a work of apologetics on behalf of the Church of England. Lettres et memoires de François de Vargas, de Pierre de Malvenda et de quelques évéques d'Espagne touchant le Concile de Trent (1699) was a translation from Spanish originals of 16th-century letters of Francisco de Vargas y Mexia to Cardinal Granvelle relating to the Council of Trent, expanded by correspondence of Pedro de Malvenda and others. The letters were in the collection of Sir William Trumbull. Other works were the Histoire du règne de Louis XIII (Amsterdam, from 1700, ten volumes) and |
An account of the present state and government of the Empire of Germany (1711) addressed to Thomas Foley, on the death of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor. The history of Louis XIII was a virulent anti-Catholic work; at the time of its publication Le Vassor was tutor to Henry Bentinck, known by the courtesy title Viscount Woodstock. Louis XIV made a point of asking Woodstock's father the Earl of Portland to dismiss Le Vassor; and Portland eventually complied for the sake of diplomacy. Voltaire wrote that this was the satirical work of an "odious declaimer", who sought only to denigrate Louis XIV, and of the factual content little was actually incorrect, though all the judgements were. References Jonathan I. Israel (2001), Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity, 1650–1750 Notes External links idref.fr Category:1648 births Category:1718 deaths Category:French Oratory Category:French Roman Catholic priests Category:17th-century Roman Catholic priests Category:Converts to Calvinism from Roman Catholicism Category:Huguenots Category:French Christian theologians Category:17th-century French theologians Category:French historians Category:French emigrants to the Kingdom of England Category:Fellows of the Royal Society Category:Burials in Northamptonshire Category:People from Orléans |
Combat Rock Combat Rock is the fifth studio album by the English rock band the Clash. It was released on 14 May 1982 through CBS Records. In the United Kingdom, the album charted at number 2, spending 23 weeks in the UK charts and peaked at number 7 in the United States, spending 61 weeks on the chart. Combat Rock is the group's best-selling album, being certified double platinum in the United States. It contains two of the Clash's most popular songs, the singles "Rock the Casbah" and "Should I Stay or Should I Go". Combat Rock is the last Clash album featuring the classic lineup. Background Following the triple-album Sandinista! (1980), singer/guitarist Joe Strummer felt the group was "drifting" creatively. Bassist Paul Simonon agreed with Strummer's dissatisfaction towards the "boring" professionalism of The Clash's then-managers Blackhill Enterprises. Strummer and Simonon convinced their bandmates to reinstate the band's original manager Bernie Rhodes in February 1981, in an attempt to restore the "chaos" and "anarchic energy" of The Clash's early days. This decision was not welcomed by guitarist Mick Jones, who was becoming progressively estranged from his bandmates. During this period, drummer Topper Headon escalated his intake of heroin and cocaine. His occasional drug usage had now become a habit that was costing him £100 per day and undermining his health. This drug addiction would be the factor that would later push his bandmates to fire him from The Clash, following the release of Combat Rock. Recording The album had the working title Rat Patrol from Fort Bragg during the recording and mixing stages. After early recording sessions in London, the group relocated to New York for recording sessions at Electric Lady Studios in November and December 1981. Electric Lady Studio was where the band had recorded its previous album Sandinista! in 1980. While recording the album in New York, Mick Jones lived with his then-girlfriend Ellen Foley. Joe Strummer, Paul Simonon and Topper Headon stayed at the Iroquois Hotel on West 44th Street, a building famed for being the home of actor James Dean for two years during the early 1950s. After finishing the New York recording sessions in December 1981, the band returned to London for most of January 1982. Between January and March, The Clash embarked on a six-week tour of Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Thailand. During this tour, the album's cover photograph was shot by Pennie Smith in Thailand in March 1982. Mixing and editing Following the Far East tour, The Clash returned to London in March 1982 to listen to the music that they had recorded in New York three months earlier. They had recorded 18 songs, enough material to possibly release as double-album. Having previously released the double-LP London Calling (1979) and the triple-LP Sandinista! (1980), the group considered whether it should again release a multi-LP collection. The band debated how many songs their new album should contain, and how long the songs' mixes should be. Mick Jones argued in favour of a double-album with lengthier, dancier mixes. The other band members argued in favour of a single album with shorter song mixes. This internal wrangling created tension within the band, particularly with Jones, who had mixed the first version. Manager Bernie Rhodes suggested that producer/engineer Glyn Johns be hired to remix the album. This editing took place in Johns' garden studio in Warnford, Hampshire (not at Wessex Studios, as is incorrectly stated by some sources). Johns, accompanied by Strummer and Jones edited Combat Rock down from a 77-minute double album down to a 46-minute single LP. This was achieved by trimming |
the length of individual songs, such as by removing instrumental intros and codas from songs like "Rock the Casbah" and "Overpowered by Funk". Additionally, the trio decided to omit several songs entirely, dropping the final track count to 12. During these remixing sessions, Strummer and Jones also re-recorded their vocals for the songs "Should I Stay or Should I Go" and "Know Your Rights" and remixed the songs with the intent of maximising their impact as singles. Music and lyrics A recurring motif of Combat Rock is the impact and aftermath of the Vietnam War. "Straight to Hell" describes the children fathered by American soldiers to Vietnamese mothers and then abandoned, "Sean Flynn" describes the photojournalist son of actor Errol Flynn who disappeared in 1970 while covering the war. Biographer Pat Gilbert describes many songs from Combat Rock as having a "trippy, foreboding feel", saturated in a "colonial melancholia and sadness" reflecting the Vietnam War. The band was hugely inspired by Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film about the Vietnam War, Apocalypse Now, and had previously released the song "Charlie Don't Surf" on Sandinista!, which referenced the film. Other Combat Rock songs, if not directly about the Vietnam War and U.S. foreign policy, depict American society in moral decline. "Red Angel Dragnet" was inspired by the January 1982 shooting death of Frank Melvin, a New York member of the Guardian Angels. The song quotes Martin Scorsese's 1976 movie Taxi Driver, with Clash associate Kosmo Vinyl recording several lines of dialogue imitating the voice of main character Travis Bickle. Bickle sports a mohawk in the latter part of Taxi Driver, this was a hairstyle adopted by Joe Strummer during the Combat Rock concert tour. The song "Ghetto Defendant" features beat poet Allen Ginsberg, who performed the song on stage with the band during the New York shows on their tour in support of the album. Ginsberg had researched punk music, and included phrases like "do the worm" and "slam dance" in his lyrics. At the end of the song he can be heard reciting the Heart Sutra, a popular Buddhist mantra. Music for "Rock the Casbah" was written by the band's drummer Topper Headon, based on a piano part that he had been toying with. Finding himself the studio without his three bandmates, Headon progressively taped the drum, piano and bass parts; recording the bulk of the song's musical instrumentation himself. The other Clash members were impressed with Headon's recording, stating that they felt the musical track was essentially complete. However, Strummer was not satisfied with the page of suggested lyrics that Headon gave him. Before hearing Headon's music, Strummer had already come up with the phrases "rock the casbah" and "you'll have to let that raga drop" as lyrical ideas that he was considering for future songs. After hearing Headon's music, Strummer went into the studio's toilets and wrote lyrics to match the song's melody. Release Following along the same note as Sandinista!, Combat Rocks catalogue number "FMLN2" is the abbreviation for the El Salvador political party Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional or FMLN. Lead single "Know Your Rights" was released on 23 April 1982, and reached number 43 on the U.K. singles chart. Combat Rock was released on 14 May 1982 and reached number 2 on the U.K. album charts, kept off the top spot by Paul McCartney's Tug of War. In the United States, Combat Rock reached number 7 on the album charts, selling in excess of one million copies. "Rock the Casbah", which was composed by drummer Topper Headon, reached number 8 on the U.S. singles |
chart. The single was accompanied by a distinctive video directed by Don Letts that aired frequently on the then-fledgling television channel MTV. In January 2000, the album, along with the rest of The Clash's catalogue, was remastered and re-released. Reception and influence Combat Rock peaked at number 2 on the UK Albums Chart, number 7 on the Billboard Pop albums, and the top ten on many charts in other countries. It was ranked at #4 among the top "Albums of the Year" for 1982 by NME, with both "Straight to Hell" and "Know Your Rights" ranked among the year's top 50 tracks. The United States Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified Combat Rock as a Gold album on November 1982, Platinum in January 1983, and Multi-Platinum in June 1995. In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau lamented the same attempts at funk and dub The Clash had tried on Sandinista! (1980). Nonetheless, he dismissed the notion the band were selling out and believed they were "evolving" on Combat Rock, writing songs at a "higher level of verbal, musical, and political density", albeit in less "terse and clear" fashion than on their early work. Douglas Wolk said in a retrospective review for Blender that while the record was originally seen as The Clash's "sellout move" because of its danceable sound and two hit singles, the other songs featured "audaciously bizarre arrangements and some of Strummer's smartest lyrics." Q magazine was less enthusiastic, deeming it "their biggest seller, but the beginning of the end." In 2000, Alternative Press called it "the penultimate Clash album ... employing lessons learned in the previous three years ... their most commercially rewarded release ... containing [their] most poignant song 'Straight to Hell'." CMJ New Music Report ranked Combat Rock at number five on its 2004 list of the Top 20 Most-Played Albums of 1982. Slant Magazine listed the album at No. 80 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s". Kurt Cobain listed it in his top fifty albums of all time. Track listing Personnel Joe Strummer – lead and backing vocals, guitar, harmonica, piano Mick Jones – guitar, backing and lead vocals, keyboards, sound effects Paul Simonon – bass guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Red Angel Dragnet" Topper Headon – drums, piano and bass guitar on "Rock the Casbah" Additional musicians Allen Ginsberg – guest vocals on "Ghetto Defendant" Futura 2000 – guest vocals on "Overpowered by Funk" Ellen Foley – backing vocals on "Car Jamming" Joe Ely – backing vocals on "Should I Stay or Should I Go" Tymon Dogg – piano on "Death Is a Star" Tommy Mandel (as Poly Mandell) – keyboards on "Overpowered by Funk" Gary Barnacle – saxophone on "Sean Flynn" Kosmo Vinyl - vocals on "Red Angel Dragnet" Production The Clash – producers Glyn Johns – chief engineer, mixing Joe Blaney; Jerry Green; Eddie Garcia – assistant engineers Pennie Smith – cover photography, taken March 1982 in Bangkok, Thailand Chart positions Certifications Sources References Further reading Category:1982 albums Category:Albums recorded at Electric Lady Studios Category:The Clash albums Category:CBS Records albums Category:Columbia Records albums Category:Epic Records albums Category:Albums produced by Glyn Johns |
Thomas Butler of Cahir Thomas Butler of Cahir (1448-1476) was the grandson of James "Gallda" Butler who was the third son of James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond. He was born and died in Cahir Castle, Tipperary, Ireland. Marriage and issue He married Catherine Power (1430-1524) and together they had three sons: Thomas Butler (d.1558) who was created Baron Cahir in 1543. This title became extinct on the death of his only son Edmund Butler, 2nd Baron Cahir in 1560. Piers Butler (d.1539) who was the father of Theobald Butler in whose favour the peerage was revived in 1583. Edmund Butler (1470-1560) See also Butler dynasty References Category:15th-century Irish people Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:1476 deaths Thomas Category:1448 births |
Erik Severin Erik Oskar Severin (18 July 1879 – 15 November 1942) was a Swedish curler who won a silver medal at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix. He was a banker by profession. References Category:1879 births Category:1942 deaths Category:Sportspeople from Stockholm Category:Swedish male curlers Category:Olympic curlers of Sweden Category:Olympic silver medalists for Sweden Category:Curlers at the 1924 Winter Olympics Category:Medalists at the 1924 Winter Olympics Category:Olympic medalists in curling |
Night fighter A night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night. During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful. Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation. History Early examples At the start of World War I, most combatants had little capability of flying at night, and little need to do so. The only targets that could be attacked with any possibility of being hit in limited visibility would be cities, an unthinkable target at the time. The general assumption of a quick war meant no need existed for strategic attacks. Things changed on 22 September and 8 October 1914, when the Royal Naval Air Service bombed the production line and hangars of the Zeppelin facilities in Cologne and Düsseldorf. Although defences had been set up, all of them proved woefully inadequate. As early as 1915, a number of B.E.2c aircraft (the infamous "Fokker Fodder") were modified into the first night fighters. After lack of success while using darts and small incendiary bombs to attack Zeppelins from above, ultimately a Lewis gun loaded with novel incendiary ammunition, was mounted at an angle of 45° to fire upwards, to attack the enemy from below. This technique proved to be very effective. After over a year of night Zeppelin raids, on the night of 2–3 September 1916, a BE2c flown by Captain William Leefe Robinson downed the SL 11, the first German airship to be shot down over Britain. This action won the pilot a Victoria Cross and cash prizes totaling £3,500 put up by a number of individuals. This downing was not an isolated victory; five more German airships were similarly destroyed between October and December 1916, and caused the airship campaign to gradually be diminished over the next year with fewer raids mounted. Because of airships' limitations, the Luftstreitkräfte began to introduce long-range heavy bombers, starting with the Gotha G.IV aircraft that gradually took over the offensive. While their early daylight raids in May 1917 were able to easily evade the weak defenses of London, the strengthening of the home defence fighter force led to the Germans switching to night raids from 3 September 1917. To counter night attacks, Sopwith Camel day fighters were deployed in the night fighter role. The Camels' Vickers guns were replaced by Lewis guns mounted |
over the wings, as the flash from the Vickers tended to dazzle the pilot when they were fired, and synchronised guns were considered unsafe for firing incendiary ammunition. Further modification led to the cockpit being moved rearwards. The modified aircraft were nicknamed the "Sopwith Comic". To provide suitable equipment for Home Defence squadrons in the north of the UK, Avro 504K trainers were converted to night fighters by removing the front cockpit and mounting a Lewis gun on the top wing. Interwar period With little money to spend on development, especially during the Great Depression, night-fighting techniques changed little until just prior to World War II. In the meantime, aircraft performance had improved tremendously; compared to World War I versions, modern bombers could fly about twice as fast, at over twice the altitude, with much greater bomb loads. They flew fast enough that the time between detecting them and the bombers reaching their targets left little time to launch interceptors to shoot them down. Antiaircraft guns were similarly affected by the altitudes at which they flew, which required extremely large and heavy guns to attack them, which limited the number available to the point of being rendered impotent. At night, or with limited visibility, these problems were compounded. The widespread conclusion was that "the bomber will always get through", and the Royal Air Force invested almost all of their efforts in developing a night bomber force, with the Central Flying School responsible for one of the most important developments in the period by introducing "blind flying" training. The Spanish Republican Air Force used some Polikarpov I-15s as night fighters. Pilot José Falcó had equipped his fighter with a radio receiver for land-based guidance for interception. One of the I-15s configured for night operations, fitted with tracer and explosive .30 rounds, scored a daylight double victory against Bf 109s in the closing stages of the war. Nevertheless, some new technologies appeared to offer potential ways to improve night-fighting capability. During the 1930s, considerable development of infrared detectors occurred among all of the major forces, but in practice, these proved almost unusable. The only such system to see any sort of widespread operational use was the Spanner Anlage system used on the Dornier Do 17Z night fighters of the Luftwaffe. These were often also fitted with a large IR searchlight to improve the amount of light being returned. Immediately prior to the opening of the war, radar was introduced operationally for the first time. Initially, these systems were unwieldy, and development of IR systems continued. Realizing that radar was a far more practical solution to the problem, Robert Watson-Watt handed the task of developing a radar suitable for aircraft use to 'Taffy' Bowen in the mid-1930s. In September 1937, he gave a working demonstration of the concept when a test aircraft was able to detect three Home Fleet capital ships in the North Sea in bad weather. The promising implications of the test were not lost on planners, who reorganized radar efforts and gave them increased priority. This led to efforts to develop an operational unit for airborne interception (AI). The size of these early AI radars required a large aircraft to lift them, and their complex controls required a multiperson crew to operate them. This naturally led to the use of light bombers as the preferred platform for airborne radars, and in May 1939, the first experimental flight took place, on a Fairey Battle. World War II The war opened on 1 September 1939, and by this time, the RAF were well advanced with plans to build a radar – then |
called 'RDF' in Britain – equipped night-fighter fleet. The Airborne Interception Mk. II radar (AI Mk. II) was well on its way to becoming operational, and the Bristol Blenheim was increasingly available for fitting. The first prototype system went into service in November 1939, long before the opening of major British operations. Several improved versions followed, and by the time the Blitz opened in August 1940, the AI Mk.IV was available, offering greatly improved performance with a range between 20,000 and 400 feet, and installation had begun in July 1940. This greatly reduced the load on the Chain Home ground-controlled interception component of the night-fighter system, who only had to get the fighter within four miles before the fighter's radar would be able to let them take over during the attack. Due to the relatively low performance of the Blenheim (a converted bomber) the British experimented with using RDF-equipped Douglas Havoc bombers converted to carry a searchlight, illuminating the enemy aircraft for accompanying Hurricane single-engine fighters to shoot down. Known as the Turbinlite, the idea was not a success, and in time, both the Blenheim and the Turbinlite were replaced, first by night fighter versions of the Beaufighter and then by the even higher-performing de Havilland Mosquito, which would later accompany the bomber stream on raids over Germany. In this role, support was provided by No. 100 Group RAF with Mosquitos fitted with an assortment of devices, such as Perfectos and Serrate, for homing-in on German night fighters. The British also experimented with mounting pilot-operated AI Mark 6 radar sets in single-seat fighters, and the Hurricane II C(NF), a dozen of which were produced in 1942, became the first radar-equipped, single-seat night fighter in the world. It served with 245 and 247 Squadrons briefly and unsuccessfully before being sent to India to 176 Squadron, with which it served until the end of 1943. A similarly radar-equipped Hawker Typhoon was also produced, but no production followed. German airborne interception radar efforts at this point were about two years behind the British. Unlike in Britain, where the major targets lay only a few minutes' flight time from the coast, Germany was protected by large tracts of neutral territory that gave them long times to deal with intruding bombers. Instead of airborne radar, they relied on ground-based systems; the targets would first be picked up by radar assigned to a "cell", the radar would then direct a searchlight to "paint" the target, allowing the fighters to attack them without on-board aids. The searchlights were later supplanted with short-range radars that tracked both the fighters and bombers, allowing ground operators to direct the fighters to their targets. By July 1940, this system was well developed as the Kammhuber Line, and proved able to deal with the small raids by isolated bombers the RAF was carrying out at the time. At the urging of R.V. Jones, the RAF changed their raid tactics to gather all of their bombers into a single "stream". This meant that the ground-based portion of the system was overwhelmed; with only one or two searchlights or radars available per "cell", the system was able to handle perhaps six interceptions per hour. By flying all of the bombers over a cell in a short period, the vast majority of the bombers flew right over them without ever having been plotted, let alone attacked. German success against the RAF plummeted, reaching a nadir on 30/31 May 1942, when the first 1,000-bomber raid attacked Cologne, losing only four aircraft to German night fighters. In 1942, the Germans first started deploying the initial B/C low |
UHF-band version of the Lichtenstein radar, and in extremely limited numbers, using a 32-dipole element Matratze (mattress) antenna array. This late date, and slow introduction, combined with the capture of a Ju 88R-1 night fighter equipped with it in April 1943 when flown to RAF Dyce, Scotland, by a defecting Luftwaffe crew, allowed British radio engineers to develop jamming equipment to counter it. A race developed with the Germans attempting to introduce new sets and the British attempting to jam them. The early Lichtenstein B/C was replaced by the similar UHF-band Lichtenstein C-1, but when the German night fighter defected and landed in Scotland in April 1943, that radar was quickly jammed. The low VHF-band SN-2 unit that replaced the C-1 remained relatively secure until July 1944, but only at the cost of using huge, eight-dipole element Hirschgeweih (stag's antlers) antennae that slowed their fighters as much as 25 mph, making them easy prey for British night fighters that had turned to the offensive role. The capture in July 1944 of a Ju 88G-1 night fighter of NJG 2 equipped with an SN-2 Lichtenstein set, flown by mistake into RAF Woodbridge, revealed the secrets of the later, longer-wavelength replacement for the earlier B/C and C-1 sets. The Luftwaffe also used single-engined aircraft in the night-fighter role, starting in 1939 with the Arado Ar 68 and early Messerschmitt Bf 109 models, which they later referred to as Wilde Sau (wild boar). In this case, the fighters, typically Focke-Wulf Fw 190s, were equipped only with a direction finder and landing lights to allow them to return to base at night. For the fighter to find their targets, other aircraft, which were guided from the ground, would drop strings of flares in front of the bombers. In other cases, the burning cities below provided enough light to see their targets. Messerschmitt Bf 109G variants had G6N and similar models fitted with FuG 350 Naxos "Z" radar receivers for homing in on the 3-gigahertz band H2S emissions of RAF bombers — the April 1944 combat debut of the American-designed H2X bomb-aiming radar, operating at a higher 10 GHz frequency for both RAF Pathfinder Mosquitos and USAAF B-24 Liberators that premiered their use over Europe, deployed a bombing radar that could not be detected by the German Naxos equipment. The Bf 109G series aircraft fitted with the Naxos radar detectors also were fitted with the low- to mid-VHF band FuG 217/218 Neptun active search radars, as were Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-6/R11 aircraft: these served as radar-equipped night-fighters with NJGr 10 and NJG 11. A sole Fw 190 A-6 Wk.Nr.550214 fitted with FuG 217 is a rare survivor. The effective Schräge Musik offensive armament fitment was the German name given to installations of upward-firing autocannon mounted in large, twin-engined night fighters by the Luftwaffe and both the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service and Imperial Japanese Army Air Service during World War II, with the first victories for the Luftwaffe and IJNAS each occurring in May 1943. This innovation allowed the night fighters to approach and attack bombers from below, where they were outside the bomber crew's field of view. Few bombers of that era carried defensive guns in the ventral position. An attack by a Schräge Musik-equipped fighter was typically a complete surprise to the bomber crew, who would only realize that a fighter was close by when they came under fire. Particularly in the initial stage of operational use until early 1944, the sudden fire from below was often attributed to ground fire rather than a fighter. Rather than nighttime raids, the US Army Air |
Forces were dedicated to daytime bombing over Germany and Axis allies, that statistically were much more effective. The British night-bombing raids showed a success rate of only one out of 100 targets successfully hit. At the urging of the British, who were looking to purchase US-made aircraft, US day fighters were initially adapted to a night role, including the Douglas P-70 and later Lockheed P-38M "Night Lightning". The only purpose-built night fighter design deployed during the war, the American Northrop P-61 Black Widow was introduced first in Europe and then saw action in the Pacific, but it was given such a low priority that the British had ample supplies of their own designs by the time it was ready for production. The first USAAF unit using the P-61 did not move to Britain until February 1944; operational use did not start until the summer, and was limited throughout the war. Colonel Winston Kratz, director of night-fighter training in the USAAF, considered the P-61 as adequate in its role, "It was a good night fighter. It did not have enough speed". The U.S. Navy was forced into the night-fighting role when Japanese aircraft successfully harassed their units on night raids. The Japanese Navy had long screened new recruits for exceptional night vision, using the best on their ships and aircraft instead of developing new equipment for this role. To counter these raids, the Navy fitted microwave-band, compact radar sets to the wings of its single-engined Grumman F6F Hellcat and Vought F4U Corsair fighters by the close of the war, operating them successfully in the Pacific. In several cases these aircraft were used on raids of their own. Postwar Even while the war raged, the jet engine so seriously upset aircraft design that the need for dedicated jet-powered night fighters became clear. Both the British and Germans spent some effort on the topic, but as the Germans were on the defensive, their work was given a much higher priority. Their Messerschmitt Me 262 was adapted to the role and Oberleutnant Kurt Welter claimed 25 Mosquitos at night. Other forces did not have the pressing need to move to the jet engine; Britain and the US were facing enemies with aircraft of even lower performance than their existing night fighters. However, the need for new designs was evident, and some low-level work started in the closing stages of the war, including the US contract for the Northrop F-89 Scorpion. When the Soviet plans to build an atomic bomb became known in the west in 1948, this project was still long from being ready to produce even a prototype, and in March 1949, they started development of the North American F-86D Sabre and Lockheed F-94 Starfire as stop-gap measures. All of them entered service around the same time in the early 1950s. In the Korean War, after Starfires proved ineffective, Marine Corps Douglas F3D Skyknights shot down six aircraft, including five Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15s without loss, as the MiG-15s lacked radar to shoot down individual fighters, though they were effective against bomber formations at night. The RAF began studies into new fighter designs in the immediate postwar era, but gave these projects relatively low priority. By the time of the Soviet bomb test, the night-fighter design was still strictly a paper project, and the existing Mosquito fleet was generally unable to successfully intercept the Tupolev Tu-4 bomber it was expected to face. This led to rushed programs to introduce new, interim night-fighter designs, leading to night-fighter versions of their Gloster Meteor in 1951, along with a similar conversion of the de Havilland Vampire. These were |
followed by the de Havilland Venom in 1953 and then Navy's de Havilland Sea Venom. The advanced night-fighter design was eventually introduced in 1956 as the Gloster Javelin, by this time essentially outdated. In Canada, Avro Canada introduced the CF-100 Canuck, which entered service in 1952. Night fighters existed as a separate class into the 1960s. As aircraft grew in capability, radar-equipped interceptors could take on the role of night fighters and the class went into decline. Examples of these latter-day interceptor/night-fighters include the Avro Arrow, Convair F-106 Delta Dart, and English Electric Lightning. At the time the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II was offered to the Navy, the Vought F-8 Crusader had already been accepted as a "day" dogfighter, while the subsonic McDonnell F3H Demon was the Navy's all-weather fighter. The Phantom was developed as the Navy's first supersonic, all-weather, radar-equipped fighter armed with radar-guided missiles. However, compared to early air-superiority designs such as the F-100 or F-8, the massive Phantom, nevertheless, had enough raw twin-J79 power to prove adaptable as the preferred platform for tangling with agile MiG-17 and MiG-21 fighters over the skies of Vietnam, as well as replacing the US Air Force Convair F-102 Delta Dagger and Convair F-106 Delta Dart for continental interception duties and the Republic F-105 Thunderchief as a medium fighter-bomber. The need for close-in dogfighting spelled the end for the specialized Grumman F-111B, which was armed only with long-range AIM-54 Phoenix missiles for fleet defense against bombers. The Navy instead developed the Grumman F-14 Tomcat, which on top of the heavy Phoenix, retained the Phantom's versatility and improved agility for dogfighting. The McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle was also an interceptor with enhanced agility, but did not carry the Phoenix in preference to the role of an air-superiority fighter. The reduced size and costs of avionics have allowed even smaller modern fighters to have night-interception capability. In the US Air Force's lightweight fighter program, the F-16 was originally envisaged as inexpensive day fighter, but quickly converted to an all-weather role. The similar McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet in its CF-18 variant for the RCAF, was ordered with a 0.6 Mcd night-identification light to enhance its night-interception capabilities. World War I Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 Night fighter Sopwith Camel "Comic" Night fighter Sopwith 1½ Strutter Night fighter Supermarine Nighthawk World War II Germany Arado Ar 68E-1 Dornier Do 217J/N Focke-Wulf Ta 154 Heinkel He 219 Junkers Ju 88C/G Messerschmitt Bf 110D/F-4/G-4 Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1a/U2, B-1a/U1 Focke-Wulf Fw 189 A-1 Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-5/R11 Italy Fiat CR.42CN CANT Z.1018/CN "Leone" Caproni-Vizzola F-5/CN Reggiane Re.2001CN Serie I,II,III "Falco" Japan Aichi S1A Denko Kawasaki Ki-45 KAIc Mitsubishi Ki-46-III KAI Mitsubishi Ki-109 Nakajima C6N1-S Nakajima J1N1-S Yokosuka D4Y2-S Yokosuka P1Y1-S Hungary/Romania FIAT CR.42 "Falco" MÁVAG Héja Messerschmitt Bf 109F Messerschmitt Bf 110G-4d Messerschmitt Me 210Ca-1/N Soviet Union Petlyakov Pe-3bis Yakovlev Yak-9M PVO United Kingdom Douglas Havoc (US-built) Douglas Havoc (Turbinlite) (US-built) Boulton Paul Defiant Mk II Bristol Beaufighter Bristol Blenheim Mk IF de Havilland Mosquito NF series Fairey Firefly NF Mk 5 United States Douglas P-70 Bristol Beaufighter (British supplied) Grumman F6F-3E/F6F-3N/F6F-5N Hellcat Lockheed P-38M "Night Lightning" Northrop P-61 Black Widow Vought F4U-2/F4U-4E/F4U-4N Corsair France Mureaux 114/CN2 Morane-Saulnier M.S. 408/CN Potez 631 C3/N Post war Canada Avro Canada CF-100 United Kingdom de Havilland Mosquito NF 36/38 de Havilland Sea Hornet NF 21 de Havilland Vampire NF 10/54 de Havilland Venom NF 2/2A/3/51/54 Gloster/Armstrong-Whitworth Meteor NF 11/12/14 Gloster Javelin United States Douglas F3D Skyknight Grumman F7F-1N/2N Tigercat Lockheed F-94 Starfire McDonnell F2H-2N/F-2H-4 Banshee McDonnell F-101 Voodoo North American F-86D/K/L Sabre Northrop F-89 Scorpion Vought F4U-5N/F4U-5NL Corsair/Goodyear FG-1E Corsair See |
also Heavy fighter Interceptor aircraft References Notes Citations Bibliography Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Volume One: Fighters. London: Macdonald, 1965. Bruce, J.M. War Planes of the First World War: Volume Two: Fighters. London: Macdonald, 1968. . Currie, Jack. Battle Under the Moon. London: Crecy Publishers, 1999. . Evans, J. The Dragon Slayers. Chesham, UK: Steemrok Publishing Services, 1996. No ISBN. Gray, Peter and Owen Thetford. German Aircraft of the First World War. London: Putnam, 1961. Guerlac, Henry E. Radar in World War II. Los Angeles: Tomash, 1987. . Gunston, Bill. Night Fighters: A Development and Combat History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1976. . Haulman, Daniel L. and William C. Stancik, eds. Air Force Victory Credits: World War I, World War II, Korea and Vietnam. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: USAF Historical Research Center, 1988. Heaton, Colin and Anne-Marie Lewis. Night Fighters: Luftwaffe and RAF Air Combat over Europe, 1939–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2008. . Henini, Mohamed and M. Razeghi. Handbook of Infrared Detection Technologies. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier Science, 2002. . Johnsen, Frederick A. Darkly Dangerous: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow Night Fighter. Tacoma, Washington: Bomber Books, 1981. . Jones, Reginald Victor. The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939–1945. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1978. . Knell, Hermann. To Destroy a City: Strategic Bombing and its Human Consequences in World War II. New York: Da Capo Press, 2003. . Ledwoch, Janusz and Adam Skupiewski. Messerschmitt Me.109 Cz.2. Gdansk, Poland: AJ Press Monografie Lotnicze, 1994. . Marchant, David J. Rise from the East: The story of 247 (China British) Squadron Royal Air Force. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1996. . Maurer, Maurer. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (Perennial Works in Sociology). Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: USAF Historical Division, 1982. . McEwen, Charles McEwen Jr. 422nd Night Fighter Squadron. Birmingham, Alabama: 422nd Night Fighter Squadron Association, 1982. . McFarland, Stephen L. Conquering the Night: Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War. Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums Program, 1997. . Pape, Garry R. and Ronald C. Harrison. Queen of the Midnight Skies: The Story of America’s Air Force Night Fighters. West Chester, Pennsylvania: Schiffer, 1992. . Pilot’s Manual for Northrop P-61 Black Widow. Appleton, Wisconsin: Aviation Publications, 1977. Price, Alfred. Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare, 1939–1945. London: Greenhill Books, 2006, First edition 1978. . Rawnsley, C.F. and Robert Wright. Night Fighter. London: Ballantine Books, 1998, First edition 1957. . Robinson, Anthony. Nightfighter: A Concise History of Nightfighting since 1914. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, 1988. . Sargent, Frederic O. Night Fighters: An Unofficial History of the 415th Night Fighter Squadron. Madison, Wisconsin: Sargent, 1946. Scutts, Jerry and John Weal. German Night Fighter Aces of World War 2 (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces #20). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1998. . Smith, J.R. Night Fighter: A First-hand Account of a P-61 Radar Observer in World War II China. Rome, Georgia: Family of James R. Smith, 2004. Thomas, Andrew. India's Night Guardians. Aviation News, 30 October – 12 November 1996, pp. 550–554. White, E.G., OBE. Nightfighter Navigator: Recollections of Service in the RAF, Compiled from Flying Log Books and Personal Records. London: V.P. White, 2004. . Wilson, Kevin. Men Of Air: The Doomed Youth Of Bomber Command (Bomber War Trilogy 2). London: Phoenix, 2008. . Winchester, Jim. Fighter: The World's Finest Combat Aircraft – 1913 to the Present Day. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, Inc. and Parragon Publishing, 2006. . Further reading External links Luftwaffe Night Fighter Control methods Conquering the Night: Army Air Forces |
Night Fighters at War Category:Fighter aircraft |
Neodesha (YTB-815) Neodesha (YTB-815) was a United States Navy . Construction The contract for Neodesha was awarded on 22 June 1970. She was laid down on 10 May 1971 at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, by Peterson Builders and launched 6 October 1971. Operational history Neodesha served the 14th Naval District at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On 3 August 2007 she was reclassified as an unclassified miscellaneous vessel, given the hull number IX-540. Neodesha is assigned to Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit One as a non-operational training hulk. References External links Category:Natick-class large harbor tugs * Category:Peterson Builders shipyard Category:1971 ships |
Allium diabolense Allium diabolense, common name serpentine onion or devil's onion is a species of wild onion endemic to central California, where it is known from the Coast Ranges and the Transverse Ranges. It grows on serpentine soils at elevations from 500–1500 m, from Kern and Ventura Counties north to Stanislaus and Santa Clara Counties. "Allium diabolense" grows from a reddish-brown bulb just over a centimeter long. It produces a stem up to 20 centimeters tall and one leaf which is longer than the stem. The inflorescence contains up to 50 dark veined pink-tinted white flowers. Anthers and pollen are yellow. References External links USDA Plants Profile Photo gallery diabolense Category:Flora of California Category:Onions |
Orpecacantha burmanni Orpecacantha burmanni is a moth of the Autostichidae family. It is found in Spain. References Category:Moths described in 1962 Category:Orpecacantha |
Heartbeat - It's a Lovebeat "Heartbeat - It's a Lovebeat" is a 1973 single by the Canadian group The DeFranco Family. It was the title track of their first album and the group's debut single. The song was a success in the United States and Canada. It reached number three in both nations, as well as reaching number six in Australia. It was their highest ranking song, and it became a gold record in the US. Were it not for Carly Simon's "You're So Vain", "Heartbeat" would have been the #1 song for 1973 on WLS, having racked up five consecutive weeks at #1 there, from 20 October through 17 November. "Heartbeat - It's a Lovebeat" was performed multiple times on various television programs, including The Mike Douglas Show, The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, Jack Benny's Second Farewell Show, American Bandstand, and Dinah! Songwriter Michael "Mike" Terrence Kennedy also "worked on many space programs from the early 1970s, including Saturn, Skylab, Delta, Titan and the international space station while working for McDonnell Douglas Astronautics and later on the Delta III and IV Launch Vehicle Programs for McDonnell Douglas and Boeing". Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References External links Category:1973 songs Category:1973 singles Category:20th Century Fox Records singles Category:The DeFranco Family songs |
Dorchester Dolphins The Dorchester Dolphins are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Dorchester, Ontario, Canada. They play in the Provincial Junior Hockey League. History The Dolphins are the namesake of the town's long running tradition in intermediate and senior hockey. The Dolphins played their first ever hockey game on September 14, 2012 at home against the Lucan Irish. The Dolphins were victorious, 6-5. Brendon O'Shaughnessy scored both the first and second goals in team history for the Dolphins against the Irish and Alex Hutcheson made 31 saves on 36 shots to pick up the first ever win. The Dolphins would finish their first ever season in second place in their division and lose in the seventh game of the division final against the Lambeth Lancers to finish their season. During the 2013-14 season, the Dolphins would finish third in a three-way footrace for the regular season championship. The lack of a season banner did not deter them in the playoffs as they would beat both the Lambeth Lancers and Thamesford Trojans (the two teams who outpointed them) in the playoff's final two rounds to take home their first even SOJHL playoff championship. By winning the title, the Dolphins also earned the league's second ever berth into the Clarence Schmalz Cup playdowns (Ayr Centennials being the first in 2013). On March 21, 2014, in the second game of their quarter-final series against the Great Lakes Junior C Hockey League's Essex 73's, the Dolphins became the first SOJHL team to win a Junior C playoff game against a team from another league with a 6-5 overtime victory at home. The 2016-17 season marked an historic run for the dolphins who finished the regular season undefeated with one tie, missing the perfect season by one point. This regular season record brings them to a tie with Belle River who also had the same record, as the best season in Jr. C. Season-by-season standings Current team Current roster Updated February 1, 2019. |} Staff <small>Updated February 27, 2019 References External links Dolphins webpage League Category:Ice hockey teams in Ontario Category:2012 establishments in Ontario Category:Ice hockey clubs established in 2012 Category:Southwestern Ontario |
Adrian Wilson Adrian Wilson may refer to: Adrian Wilson (book designer) (1923–1988), American book designer and printer Adrian Wilson (actor) (born 1969), South African model and actor Adrian Wilson (American football) (born 1979), American football player |
Peter Watson (shoemaker) Peter Watson lived in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, England, ca. 1824, and was a shoemaker by trade. Peter Watson was a character who was mentioned on page 133 by W & T Fordyce (publishers) in The Tyne Songster published in 1840, in the song "To Mr. Peter Watson - (Who lays powerful bats on the knaves with fire-shovel hats on)", written by Henry Robson in Watson’s honour. It is not written in a Geordie dialect, but has a strong Northern connection. For centuries, the Government Clergy (i.e. Rector, vicar, or perpetual curate etc.) had the right to collect from each household in a Parish, “Easter Dues”. This was based on a set sum (in the early/middle nineteenth century it was at the rate of 4p per person), and the head of the household had the duty to pay this sum on behalf of every member resident in the property of the age of 16 or more. Peter Watson objected to this compulsory payment reasoning that “the claims were founded neither in the law or in the gospels”, and was duly summons (and jailed for a short time for non-payment) before the court judged that the collection of these under the Acts of William III were illegal, ruling that "This act, or anything herein contained, shall not extend to any tythes, offerings, payments or oblations shall not extend….. …within any city or town where the same are settled by Act of Parliament" It is therefore the British public who are indebted to him for the removal of this "odious, unjust and oppressive clerical tax". Nothing more appears to be known of this person, or his life. See also Geordie dialect words References External links The Tyne Songster by W & T Fordyce 1840 Dictionary of Victorian London The Gentleman’s Magazine 1777 page 385 Category:People from Chester-le-Street Category:Geordie songwriters Category:English tax resisters |
Mkuluni Mkuluni is a settlement in Kenya's Coast Province. References Category:Populated places in Coast Province |
List of places in New York: E E |
The Panda's Thumb (blog) The Panda's Thumb is a blog on the creation–evolution controversy from a mainstream scientific perspective. In 2006, Nature listed it as one of the top five science blogs, and Mark Pallen has called it "the definitive blog on the evolution versus creationism debate". It is written by multiple contributors, including Wesley R. Elsberry, Paul R. Gross, Nick Matzke, PZ Myers and Mark Perakh, many of whom also have complementary blogs at ScienceBlogs. The blog takes its name from The Panda's Thumb, the pub of the virtual University of Ediacara, which is named after the book of the same name by Stephen Jay Gould, which in turn takes its title from the essay "The Panda's Peculiar Thumb", which discusses the Panda's sesamoid bone, an example of convergent evolution. References External links Category:Science blogs Category:Evolutionary biology literature Category:Criticism of creationism |
The Model as Muse: Embodying Fashion The Model as Muse: Embodying Fashion was an exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art that ran from May 6 to August 9, 2009. It focused on iconic fashion models of the twentieth century who inspired fashion in their respective eras. Organized by historical period from 1947 to 1997, the exhibition was made possible by Marc Jacobs with additional funding from Condé Nast. It was curated by Harold Koda and Kohle Yohannan. The exhibition featured photographs of many of the top models from the last half of the twentieth century, such as Twiggy, Jerry Hall, Beverly Johnson, Iman, Kate Moss, Christy Turlington, Naomi Campbell, and Linda Evangelista. It also showcased some of the most prominent dresses and other articles of clothing these women made famous, like the black gown with a white sash Yves Saint Laurent designed for Christian Dior worn by model Dovima as she stood between elephants in a well-known Richard Avedon photo. Designers in the exhibition included Giorgio Armani, Cristóbal Balenciaga, Pierre Cardin, Karl Lagerfeld for Chanel, Christian Dior, Donna Karan, Calvin Klein, Helmut Lang, Ralph Lauren, Prada, Yves Saint Laurent, and Gianni Versace. The New York Times review of the exhibition noted, "the exhibition feels in search of a legitimate center, a justification — beyond icon-mongering — to spend so much time looking at pretty faces. By its very title, The Model as Muse presents an idealized relationship between photographer and model, or designer and model, and while much of the work in fashion is collaborative, the fact is that many designers and photographers are major control freaks. And some just outright dismiss the role of models." The Boston Globe called it "a wonderful show." The British Daily Telegraph described it as "a lavish tribute to iconic models who have worked at the forefront of the industry." An accompanying catalogue was edited by Koda and Yohannan. It was published by MetPublications and Yale University Press. Library Journal called it, "A glossy and admiring look at the last half century of fashion imagery through its most iconic models and the styles they personified. For anyone who loves fashion photography." The annual gala benefit, known as the "Met Ball," took place on May 4, 2009, with approximately 650 guests including Madonna, Donald Trump and his wife Melania, Donatella Versace, Victoria Beckham, and John Galliano. Marc Jacobs served as the honorary chair of the gala with co-chairs Kate Moss, Justin Timberlake, and Anna Wintour. References Category:Fashion exhibitions Category:Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibitions Category:2009 in art |
Molino Dorino (Milan Metro) Molino Dorino is a station on Line 1 of Milan Metro in Milan, Italy. The underground station was opened in 1986. It's an underground station, placed near the city limit. The station is located between Via Molino Dorino and Via Francesco Cilea. The station has a car parking with 1660 parking spaces. References Category:Milan Metro stations Category:Railway stations opened in 1986 |
George de Grey, 3rd Baron Walsingham George de Grey, 3rd Baron Walsingham (11 June 1776 – 26 April 1831), of Merton Hall, Norfolk, was a British peer and Army officer. Early life He was the eldest son of Thomas de Grey, 2nd Baron Walsingham, and his wife Augusta Georgina Elizabeth Irby. He succeeded his father in 1818. Career He joined the British Army in 1794 as a Cornet in the Royal Dragoons, becoming a Lieutenant and then Captain in 25th Light Dragoons in 1794. He was promoted Major in 1795 and was present at the surrender of the Dutch fleet in Saldanha Bay, Cape Colony, in 1796. He served in India from 1796 to 1800, taking part in the Battle of Mallavelly and the capture of Seringapatam in 1799, after which he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Royal Dragoons. He served as assistant Adjutant General, Home District, from 1803 to 1805, was made a Colonel in the Army and ADC to the King in 1808. He took command of his regiment in the Peninsula War from 1809 to 1812 and command of a Cavalry Brigade in 1810, fighting at the Battles of Busaco (1810), Albuera and Usagre (1811). He was promoted Major General in 1811 and Lieutenant General in 1821. He was appointed Comptroller of the First Fruits and Tenths. Private life He died with his wife in a fire at his house in Upper Harley Street in 1831 and was buried at Merton. He had married in 1804 Matilda Methuen, the daughter of Paul Cobb Methuen MP, of Corsham, Wiltshire, but left no children. He was succeeded in the barony and to Merton Hall by his brother Thomas de Grey, 4th Baron Walsingham, the Archdeacon of Surrey. Arms References Category:1776 births Category:1831 deaths George 3 Category:Deaths from fire |
Ramazanov Ramazanov () is a masculine surname of Arabic origin, its feminine counterpart is Ramazanova. It may refer to Aghabala Ramazanov (born 1993), Azerbaijani football player Alikhan Ramazanov (born 1976), Russian football player Larisa Ramazanova (born 1971), Russian-Belarusian race walker Murad Ramazanov (born 1974), Russian wrestler Murad Ramazanov (footballer) (born 1979), Russian football player Ramazan Ramazanov (born 1984), Russian kickboxer Zaur Ramazanov (born 1976), Azerbaijani football player Zemfira (Zemfira Ramazanova), Russian singer |
Dorsal scapular vein The dorsal scapular vein is a vein which accompanies the dorsal scapular artery. It usually drains to the subclavian vein, but can also drain to the external jugular vein. References Category:Veins of the torso |
Keith Pavitt Keith Pavitt (January 13th, 1937, in London – December 20th, 2002, in Lewes, East Sussex) was an English scholar in the field of Science and Technology Policy and Innovation Management. He was professor of Science and Technology Policy at the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) of the University of Sussex from 1984 to his death. Biography Keith Pavitt grew up in Hackney, London. In 1948 he graduated to Hackney Downs School (formerly The Grocers' Company's School). He won an Open Exhibition for Mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge in the Autumn of 1954. During National Service, he qualified as an RAF pilot. At Cambridge he obtained a First in Engineering in 1959 and was Senior Scholar at Trinity College. He won a fellowship in economics and public policy at Harvard University in 1960-1961. After leaving Harvard, Pavitt began research at the OECD on science and engineering-related public policy. After a year at Princeton University, Pavitt moved to Sussex University in 1971, becoming the Reginald Phillips Professor of Science and Technology Policy in 1984. He received a Laurea Honoris Causa from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Contributions to science and technology policy Keith Pavitt pioneered new methods to measure innovation and technical change. Together with Pari Patel and Luc Soete, he developed the use of patents as a science and technology indicator. In the early 1980s, he also developed, together with Joe Townsend and other colleagues, a comprehensive database of innovations introduced in the UK since the end of the war. This database was used by several scholars and it is still a milestone in innovation measurement. Together with Roy Rothwell, he also developed the theory and practice of innovation management. As co-editor of academic journal Research Policy. Policy and management studies of science, technology and innovation,. he contributed to enhance its reputation to become the most influential publication in the field. Pavitt's taxonomy The single most important contribution provided by Pavitt to the economics of innovation is his taxonomy of innovating firms. Pavitt argued that the sources and purposes of innovation are sector-specific. On the ground of an impressive knowledge of industrial innovation, Pavitt's Taxonomy suggests that firms can be divided into four broad categories: supplier dominated firms, i.e. those firms that acquire their technical expertise from their suppliers, specialised suppliers, especially in the field of equipment and capital goods, which provide the innovations to other firms, scale intensive firms, where the innovation is associated to scale, and science-based firms, which innovate through their internal R&D laboratories. In subsequent versions of his taxonomy, Pavitt added up also the category of information intensive firms, where the most important source to innovate is the use of data. These firms included firms in the software as well as in advanced services such as banking and retailing. Pavitt's Taxonomy has been widely applied in industrial economics and science policy and it is also used for industrial statistics. Originally developed for the manufacturing sector, is now increasingly applied also to the service economy. Legacy Keith Pavitt was a crucial figure, together with his mentor Chris Freeman, to make SPRU a centre of international excellence in the field of innovation studies, with close collaboration with colleagues from all continents. He collaborated closely with Belgian economist Luc Soete, with Italian social scientist Giovanni Dosi, and he kept a strong intellectual link with the American economist Richard R. Nelson. A large number of papers were co-authored with the Indian economist Pari Patel. He also supervised and worked with several economists of innovation and science policy scholars, including Giorgio Sirilli, Ben Martin, Mike Hobday, Ian Miles, José Molero |
Zayas, Luigi Orsenigo, Daniele Archibugi, Jan Fagerberg, and Diana Hicks. For his retirement, his colleagues organised a major Conference in honour of Keith Pavitt "What do we know about innovation?". Unexpectedly, Pavitt died several months before the Conference was held. The Conference became a major tribute to his life and works. The most important scholars in the field of science and technology policy attended it at SPRU, University of Sussex, on 12–15 November 2003, The Library of the Science Policy Research Unit and the Laboratorio di Economia dell'Innovazione of the University of Florence are named after him. Works by Keith Pavitt Joe Tidd, John Bessant and Keith Pavitt, Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change, 3rd Edition, John Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2005, Keith Pavitt, Technology, Management and Systems of Innovation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 1999 (a collection of the most influential papers). Giovanni Dosi, Keith Pavitt, Luc Soete, The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade, New York University Press, New York, 1991, . Keith Pavitt, Sectoral patterns of technical change: Towards a taxonomy and a theory, "Research Policy", Volume 13, Issue 6, December 1984, Pages 343–373 . Works on Keith Pavitt Daniele Archibugi, "Pavitt's Taxonomy Sixteen Years on: A Review Article", Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 3 (2001), pp. 415–425. Chris Freeman, Pari Patel and Ben Martin, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/professor-keith-pavitt-730001.htmlProfessor Keith Pavitt. Pioneer in science policy research. Obituary], the Independent, 31 January 2003. Martin Meyer, Tiago Santos Pereirac, Olle Persson and Ove Granstrand, "The Scientometric World of Keith Pavitt: A Tribute to his contributions to Research Policy and Patent Analysis”, Research Policy, Vol. 33, no. 9 (2004), pages 1405–1417. Bart Verspagen and Claudia Werker, "Keith Pavitt and the Invisible College of the Economics of Technology and Innovation", Research Policy. Vol. 33, no. 9 (2004), pages: 1419–1431 References External links List of works of Keith Pavitt listed on Google Scholar http://www.inovasyon.org/pdf/Keith_Pavitt.pdf Category:Innovation economists Category:Science and Technology Policy Research alumni Category:British engineers Category:1937 births Category:People educated at Hackney Downs School Category:English economists Category:Academics of the University of Sussex Category:Harvard Fellows Category:2002 deaths |
AT-121 AT-121 is an experimental analgesic. It was designed to be bifunctional, acting as an agonist at both the μ-opioid receptor and the nociceptin receptor. The interaction with the nociceptin receptor is expected to block the abuse and dependence-related side effects that are typical of opioids. A study in nonhuman primates found that AT-121 has morphine-like analgesic effects, but suppressed the addictive effects. See also Cebranopadol Oliceridine PZM21 References Category:Mu-opioid agonists Category:Nociceptin receptor agonists Category:Sulfamides Category:Piperidines Category:Experimental drugs |
Zangezi Zangezi (), or Zangezi: A Supersaga in 20 Planes, is a futuristic poem-play by Russian, Soviet, poet, writer and scholar Velimir Khlebnikov (born Victor Khlebnikov, Velimir is pen name). Zangezi is name of a prophet in the novel, name composed from Kalmyk word 'zyange', that in Kalmyk language means the messenger. Title and history The name Zangezi had different variants in Velimir Khlebnikov's draft book (that he was ironically calling in German fashion 'Großbuch'): Zengezi, Mangezi, Changezi, Changili (Зенгези, Мангези, Чангези, Чангили). Some critics said the name Zangezi associated with famous rivers Ganges and Zambezi. Other pointed out that Zangezi is name composed from Kalmyk word 'zyange', that in Kalmyk language means the messenger. Velimir Khlebnikov wrote to his friend, poet futurist Vasily Kamensky in 1909, that he had wanted to create a work in which 'every chapter must not have a likeness of another' ('...каждая глава не должна походить на другую...'), wanted in the work 'with the generosity of a beggar, throw all his paints and discoveries on the palette' ('...с щедростью нищего бросить на палитру все свои краски и открытия...'). Thought, that the work was completed in January, 1922, when Velimir Khlebnikov had written in his diaries on January 16, 1922: 'Zangezi gathered-solved'. Literary critics Nikolay Stepanov (Николай Леонидович Степанов) and Yury Tynyanov (Юрий Николаевич Тынянов) thought, that different parts of Zangezi were written between 1920 and 1922. Petr Miturich (Пётр Васильевич Митурич), painter, author's friend, was helping Velimir Khlebnikov to edit the printed texts (when author was ill and powerless), also helped to prepare the work for publication when author passed away, painted cover of the first publication (see picture above). The first edition of Zangezi was published in July of 1922, but author didn't see the publication, because had died a few weeks earlier on June 22, 1922, as some sources said, because of malaria. Avant-garde painter Vladimir Tatlin staged the play Zangezi on May 23, 1923 in the Petrograd Museum of Feature Art, cultural researcher Nikolay Punin and poet Georgy Yakubovsky had read lectures before the play beginning. Some cultural critics praised the play, some said (Sergey Yutkevich, in future well-known Soviet screenwriter) it was very badly staged. Vladimir Tatlin constructed in the play a mechanism for connecting prophet Zangezi with masses, and the stage was decorated with 'star language graphemes'. Plot Velimir Khlebnikov and Futurism Velimir Khlebnikov invented new words in the play: birds language, words of sky, and 'beyonsense'. There once was an occasion, when Velimir Khlebnikov said, that he doesn't belong the Futurism, that is why the literary critic Yury Tynyanov had underlined, that he 'not accidentally... was calling himself the Budetlyanin (a Russian word play, meaning about a Future Living Being), not a Futurist, and not accidentally that term was not held' ('...не случайно... называл себя будетлянином (не футуристом), и не случайно не удержалось это слово'). See also References External links YouTube; poems by Velimir Khlebnikov read by Roman Jacobson/Стихи Велимира Хлебникова читает Роман Якобсон Biography about Rudolf Abikh, Orientalist, Iranist, Velimir Khlebnikov's friend on the website Our Baku / Абих Рудольф Петрович - востоковед, иранист, репрессирован; Наш Баку Category:Novels about revolutionaries Category:1922 novels Category:Censorship in the Soviet Union Category:Artistic languages Category:Language and mysticism Category:Phonaesthetics Category:Russian avant-garde Category:Russian literature |
Laurence Lewin Laurence Lewin (1944-2008) was a Canadian accountant, computer programmer and entrepreneur, who was one of the co-founders of lingerie firm La Senza. Lewin was working at clothing retailer Suzy Shier, in 1990, when he co-founded La Senza, a lingerie firm that was eventually licensed to 700 retail outlets around the world. In April 6, 2006, La Senza issued a press release, quoting Lewin, to try to clarify its position as to whether one of its brassieres infringed a Victoria's Secret design. The firm was acquired by lingerie giant Victoria's Secret, on October 12, 2006, for $710 million CAD. Lewin immigrated from the United Kingdom to Canada, and settled in Montreal in the 1970s. Lewin appeared on the first two seasons of the Canadian Dragons' Den TV series. References Category:2008 deaths Category:Canadian company founders |
Working Girl (album) Working Girl is the third studio album by English singer and songwriter Little Boots, released on 10 July 2015 by on Repeat Records and Dim Mak Records. Promotion and release On 5 November 2014, Little Boots released the single "Taste It", taken from her EP Business Pleasure, which was released in December 2014. On 5 May 2015, Little Boots released "Better in the Morning," and announced the following day that her new album would be titled "Working Girl" and would come out on 10 July 2015. The upcoming album's track list also accompanied the announcement. Tour In July 2015, Little Boots embarked on an eight-date tour to promote the album. Commercial performance Working Girl debuted at number 67 on the UK Albums Chart, selling 1,425 copies in its first week. Track listing Charts Release history References Category:2015 albums Category:Albums produced by Ariel Rechtshaid Category:Self-released albums Category:Little Boots albums |
Lake Chala Lake Chala, also known as Lake Challa, is a crater lake that straddles the border between Kenya and Tanzania. The lake formed approximately 250,000 years ago. The lake is east of Mount Kilimanjaro, north of Taveta, Kenya, and east of Moshi, Tanzania. The lake is surrounded by a steep crater rim with a maximum height of . Lake Chala's average annual rainfall is about . The lake surface has an average annual evaporation of near . Approximately 80 percent of the lake's inflow comes from groundwater, which is derived mostly from rainfall in the montane forest zone of Mount Kilimanjaro at an elevation of . It takes about 3 months for groundwater to reach the lake. The groundwater flowed into the lake at an estimated annual volume of from 1964 through 1977. Ecology The only native fish in this lake is the Lake Chala tilapia (Oreochromis hunteri), which is found nowhere else in the world. It is considered critically endangered by the IUCN, and now greatly outnumbered by other tilapia species that have been introduced to Lake Chala. An 18 year old British woman was killed in 2002 by a relatively small Nile crocodile while swimming at night in the lake. A few days later, the Kenya Police Service said that the lake was "infested" with crocodiles while the Kenya Wildlife Service said, "Crocodiles are found in Lake Chala and it is not regarded as safe to swim at all." See also List of lakes of Kenya List of lakes of Tanzania References Category:Lakes of Kenya Category:Lakes of Tanzania Category:Geography of Kilimanjaro Region Category:Coast Province |
Java, Alabama Java is an unincorporated community in Coffee County, Alabama, United States. History A post office operated under the name Java from 1900 to 1907. References Category:Unincorporated communities in Coffee County, Alabama Category:Unincorporated communities in Alabama |
The Quest of Erebor "The Quest of Erebor" is a work of fantasy fiction by J. R. R. Tolkien, posthumously published by his son Christopher Tolkien in Unfinished Tales (1980). This work explains how and why Gandalf arranged for the retaking of the Lonely Mountain (Erebor in Sindarin), an adventure recounted from the perspective of Bilbo Baggins many years before in Tolkien's The Hobbit. History "The Quest of Erebor" was originally written in the 1950s to be a part of The Lord of the Rings Appendices, but Tolkien decided not to include it due to space limitations, and only a very abridged version of the tale occurred in Appendix A, III "Durin's Folk". Though none of the original manuscripts were dated, it can be deduced that the story was written no earlier than September 29, 1953—the date Tolkien first received page proofs for The Fellowship of the Ring. A note in the earliest known draft referenced a page number in Fellowship. There are multiple manuscripts extant of the work. The first published form of the story appeared in Unfinished Tales (1980), compiled by Tolkien's son Christopher. At the end of this version, Christopher included extracts from an earlier and longer manuscript, which was later published in its entirety in The Annotated Hobbit. The earliest known draft was later found and published in The Peoples of Middle-earth (1996) as part of the history of Appendix A's development. Synopsis "The Quest of Erebor" is written in the first person, from the perspective of Frodo Baggins. However, nearly all the text consists of narration by Gandalf, who was telling the story at the request of Frodo in Minas Tirith after the coronation of King Elessar. Gandalf knew that Smaug the Dragon could pose a serious threat if used by Sauron, then dwelling in Dol Guldur in Mirkwood. He was thinking about the matter when he met Thorin Oakenshield at Bree. Thorin also was concerned about Smaug, but had different motives: He wanted to reclaim the Dwarves' treasure in the Lonely Mountain. Gandalf agreed to help Thorin, though he insisted that his party must make use of stealth rather than open confrontation; for that, they would need a burglar, to whom he would take them. Gandalf thought Bilbo to be a suitable companion to Thorin and his Dwarves for a number of reasons. First, he had observed that Bilbo took more of an interest in the world at large than was usual for Hobbits, and was thus more likely to be adventurous. Another reason was that Smaug would not recognize the scent of a Hobbit, advantageous to a stealthy operation and likely to distract the dragon's attention. Finally, Gandalf thought that putting a Hobbit in the company would prevent Thorin, who did not think much of Hobbits and doubted Bilbo's skills, from doing anything rash, such as openly confronting Smaug. Thorin objected to Bilbo's inclusion in the quest, and Gandalf had a difficult time convincing him. Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons. After much debate, Gandalf managed to convince Thorin, aided by slight misunderstandings on Thorin's part which Gandalf was able to exploit, that Bilbo would be a worthy member. Additionally, Gandalf's show of loyalty to his friendship with the Hobbit appealed to Thorin's sensibilities (as Dwarves respect loyalty to friends), leading him to be at least receptive to meeting the Hobbit. The story serves several purposes for readers. Since The Hobbit is written almost entirely from the perspective of Bilbo Baggins and contains little that |
he does not directly experience or at least witness, "The Quest of Erebor" provides additional insight into the events during and preceding the story. It provides an explanation of why Gandalf wished to include Bilbo in Thorin's business, and why the Dwarves were willing to accept him. This assists in placing The Hobbit on a more equal footing with The Lord of the Rings; as The Hobbit is essentially a children's fantasy tale, the level of suspension of disbelief is already somewhat high and such matters do not require much explanation. The Lord of the Rings, on the other hand, has a more serious tone, and so the additional information provided in "The Quest of Erebor" helps to explain the otherwise questionable motives of the characters in The Hobbit. Adaptations The Hobbit's 2013 film adaptation, The Desolation of Smaug, opens with the meeting between Gandalf and Thorin at The Prancing Pony. Elements of Gandalf's motivations and previous discussions with Thorin also find their way into An Unexpected Journey as dialogue, particularly in the meeting held in Bilbo's house. See also The Hobbit Thráin II References Category:Unfinished Tales |
Mellon Mario Lemieux Celebrity Invitational The Mellon Mario Lemieux Celebrity Invitational was an event on the Celebrity Players Tour held from 1998 to 2005 at The Club at Nevillewood in Presto, Pennsylvania. The tournament benefited the Mario Lemieux Foundation for cancer research. History The first two tournaments were sponsored by Toyota. Mellon Financial picked up the title sponsorship starting in 2000. Tournament host Mario Lemieux finished in the top ten of this tournament in 2000, finishing in a tie for tenth. Winners 1998 Rick Rhoden 1999 Rick Rhoden 2000 Dan Quinn 2001 Rick Rhoden 2002 Jack Wagner 2003 Rick Rhoden 2004 Pierre Larouche 2005 Pierre Larouche External links Mario Lemieux Foundation official website Category:Golf in Pittsburgh |
Gmina Wierzbica Gmina Wierzbica may refer to either of the following rural administrative districts in Poland: Gmina Wierzbica, Lublin Voivodeship Gmina Wierzbica, Masovian Voivodeship |
Time Zone (band) Time Zone was an electro band headed by Afrika Bambaataa based on Europa. Bambaataa worked with different musicians for each Time Zone project like the female french Beside, the german producers Wunderverke and the collective Material. History The first Time Zone single was the 1983 electro song "The Wildstyle" which featured music from a German project called Wunderwerke (Dieter Kolb and Franz Aumüller) based in Wächtersbach in Germany. Rusty Egan of Visage came to see them in their studio. Co-founder of Do It Records, Ian Tregonning was interested in the Wunderwerke track "Sex Appeal" (1982 Virgin records); Bambaataa was introduced to their music by Rusty Egan. The music was recorded in one evening as witnessed by Tregonning and was their first known use of a sampler. Samples of 'Trans-Europe Express' by Kraftwerk and Chic's 'Good Times' were cut into a drum (DMX) and bassline created by Egan. The song became popular among breakdancers at the time. In December 1984, Time Zone released their most well-known single, "World Destruction". A collaboration between Bambaataa, ex-Sex Pistol/Public Image Ltd. leader John Lydon, and producer/bassist Bill Laswell. The "World Destruction" single was arranged by Laswell after Lydon and Bambaataa had acknowledged respect for each other's work: Afrika Bambaataa: "I was talking to Bill Laswell saying I need somebody who's really crazy, man, and he thought of John Lydon. I knew he was perfect because I'd seen this movie that he'd made (Copkiller), I knew about all the Sex Pistols and Public Image stuff, so we got together and we did a smashing crazy version, and a version where he cussed the Queen something terrible, which was never released." John Lydon: "We went in, put a drum beat down on the machine and did the whole thing in about four-and-a-half hours. It was very, very quick." Bernie Worrell (synthesizers), Nicky Skopelitis (guitar), and Aïyb Dieng (african percussion) also played on the single, which was released by Celluloid Records on December 1, 1984. The track peaked at #44 in the UK Singles Chart in February 1985. Although this single did predate Run-DMC and Aerosmith's "Walk This Way", it is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the first rap rock record. This is not true as Run-DMC had incorporated hard rock guitar into songs, most notably "Rock Box", in April 1984. Although the song was critically acclaimed, Bambaataa put the Time Zone project on hold while he worked on other projects. In 1992, Bambaataa revived the project with the single "Zulu War Chant". Time Zone released a handful of singles in the early-1990s which were compiled in the 1992 album Thy Will B Funk. In 1995, the band released another album titled Warlocks and Witches, Computer Chips, Microchips and You. The album featured contributions from George Clinton and his P-Funk Horns. But neither album sold well, and Bambaataa retired Time Zone. "World Destruction" was also featured in the first episode of the fourth season of The Sopranos, "For All Debts Public and Private". The song played at the beginning of the episode as Tony gets his newspaper and again during the closing credits. In 2005, Bambaataa again revived the Time Zone moniker for an album of breakbeats titled Everyday People: The Breakbeat Party Album. In 2015, "World Destruction" was featured in the opening credit sequence in the season one finale of the USA Network original series Mr. Robot. Discography Albums World Destruction (1984) Thy Will "B" Funk (1992) Warlocks and Witches, Computer Chips, Microchips and You (1995) (compilation including new material) Everyday People: The Breakbeat Party Album (2004) Singles 1983 "The Wild Style" featuring Anne |
'Beside' Boyle and Ahmed 'Motorvator' Henderson. 1984 "World Destruction" with John Lydon 1987 "Shake Frappe" 1992 "Zulu War Chant" / "Time to Get Open" 1992 "The 40 OZ Crew" / "Very Special" 1993 "What's the Name of This Nation? Zulu! "/ "Hold On I'm Comin'" / "Ghost" 1995 "Throw Ya Funky Hands Up" / "Down with the Nation" 1996 "Funky Beeper" / "Godfather" 2005 "Push" / "Shake Ya Bodys" References External links Music video for "World Destruction" Category:American hip hop groups Category:American electronic music groups |
Renate Verbaan Renate Verbaan (born 27 October 1979) is a Dutch television presenter. Career She was a video jockey at TMF Nederland from 2004 till 2006. From 2006 till 2009 she presented RTL Travel's Hotlist. In 2007 she participated in the television show Wie is de Mol? where she reached the final. As of 2010 she is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. In 2011 she presented Secret Story, the Dutch adaptation of the French reality show with the same name. In 2011 she also participated in an episode of the game show De Jongens tegen de Meisjes. She was the procession reporter in the 2013 edition of The Passion. From 2013 till 2019 she presented Shownieuws. Personal life She married Winston Gerschtanowitz in 2011. They have two sons born in 2008 and 2010. References External links Category:1979 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch television presenters Category:Dutch female models Category:UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors Category:People from Rotterdam |
Pomroy Pomroy may refer to: David Pomroy (born 23 June 1983), professional poker player from London, England Shelly Pomroy, a fictional character in Veronica Mars (season 1) Pomroy Lake, a lake in Minnesota Pomroy Township, Minnesota (disambiguation): Pomroy Township, Itasca County, Minnesota Pomroy Township, Kanabec County, Minnesota Colonel Benjamin Pomroy, founder of Eastern Townships Bank Colin Pomroy, co-founder of Tempo Records (UK) |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.