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10.3389/fnint.2019.00064
|
Generalization of Object Localization From Whiskers to Other Body Parts in Freely Moving Rats
|
Rats can be trained to associate relative spatial locations of objects with the spatial location of rewards. Here we ask whether rats can localize static silent objects with other body parts in the dark, and if so with what resolution. We addressed these questions in trained rats, whose interactions with the objects were tracked at high-resolution before and after whisker trimming. We found that rats can use other body parts, such as trunk and ears, to localize objects. Localization resolution with non-whisking body parts (henceforth, ‘body’) was poorer than that obtained with whiskers, even when left with a single whisker at each side. Part of the superiority of whiskers was obtained via the use of multiple contacts. Transfer from whisker to body localization occurred within one session, provided that body contacts with the objects occurred before whisker trimming, or in the next session otherwise. This transfer occurred whether temporal cues were used for discrimination or when discrimination was based on spatial cues alone. Rats’ decision in each trial was based on the sensory cues acquired in that trial and on decisions and reward locations in previous trials. When sensory cues were acquired by body contacts, rat decisions relied more on the reward location in previous trials. Overall, the results suggest that rats can generalize the idea of relative object location across different body parts, while preferring to rely on whiskers-based localization, which occurs earlier and conveys higher resolution.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1007/JHEP02(2018)062
|
Decoding A Three Dimensional Conformal Manifold
|
We study the one-dimensional complex conformal manifold that controls the infrared dynamics of a three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
= 2 supersymmetric theory of three chiral superfields with a cubic superpotential. Two special points on this conformal manifold are the well-known XYZ model and three decoupled copies of the critical Wess-Zumino model. The conformal manifold enjoys a discrete duality group isomorphic to S4 and can be thought of as an orbifold of CP1. We use the 4 − e expansion and the numerical conformal bootstrap to calculate the spectrum of conformal dimensions of low-lying operators and their OPE coefficients, and find a very good quantitative agreement between the two approaches.
|
[
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1021/nl304213s
|
Plasmonic nanopore for electrical profiling of optical intensity landscapes
|
We present a novel method for sensitive mapping of optical intensity distributions at subdiffraction-limited resolution. This is achieved with a novel device, a plasmonic nanopore, which combines a plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna with a 10 nm-in-diameter solid-state nanopore. Variations in the local optical intensity modulate the plasmonic heating, which we measure electrically through changes in the ionic conductance of the nanopore. We demonstrate the method by profiling the focal volume of a 10 mW laser beam that is tightly focused by a high-numerical-aperture microscope objective. The results show a complex three-dimensional intensity distribution that closely matches predictions obtained by theoretical calculations of the optical system. In addition to laser profiling, the ionic conductance of a nanopore is also shown to provide quantitative estimates of the temperature in the proximity of single plasmonic nanostructures.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1145/3084822.3084841
|
Demo Of Facevr Real Time Facial Reenactment And Eye Gaze Control In Virtual Reality
|
We introduce FaceVR, a novel method for gaze-aware facial reenactment in the Virtual Reality (VR) context. The key component of FaceVR is a robust algorithm to perform real-time facial motion capture of an actor who is wearing a head-mounted display (HMD), as well as a new data-driven approach for eye tracking from monocular videos. In addition to these face reconstruction components, FaceVR incorporates photo-realistic re-rendering in real time, thus allowing artificial modifications of face and eye appearances. For instance, we can alter facial expressions, change gaze directions, or remove the VR goggles in realistic re-renderings. In a live setup with a source and a target actor, we apply these newly-introduced algorithmic components. We assume that the source actor is wearing a VR device, and we capture his facial expressions and eye movement in real-time. For the target video, we mimic a similar tracking process; however, we use the source input to drive the animations of the target video, thus enabling gaze-aware facial reenactment. To render the modified target video on a stereo display, we augment our capture and reconstruction process with stereo data. In the end, FaceVR produces compelling results for a variety of applications, such as gaze-aware facial reenactment, reenactment in virtual reality, removal of VR goggles, and re-targeting of somebody's gaze direction in a video conferencing call.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
Q2700909
|
Straßeninfrastruktur
|
Das Projekt betrifft die Unterstützung des Betriebskapitals eines Unternehmens im Falle eines Umsatzrückgangs (Umsatzerlöse), der durch die negativen Auswirkungen des COVID-19-Ausbruchs verursacht wird.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/27
|
Selection Of Burst Like Transients And Stochastic Variables Using Multi Band Image Differencing In The Pan Starrs1 Medium Deep Survey
|
We present a novel method for the light-curve characterization of Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey (PS1 MDS) extragalactic sources into stochastic variables (SVs) and burst-like (BL) transients, using multi-band image-differencing time-series data. We select detections in difference images associated with galaxy hosts using a star/galaxy catalog extracted from the deep PS1 MDS stacked images, and adopt a maximum a posteriori formulation to model their difference-flux time-series in four Pan-STARRS1 photometric bands g P1, r P1, i P1, and z P1. We use three deterministic light-curve models to fit BL transients; a Gaussian, a Gamma distribution, and an analytic supernova (SN) model, and one stochastic light-curve model, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, in order to fit variability that is characteristic of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We assess the quality of fit of the models band-wise and source-wise, using their estimated leave-out-one cross-validation likelihoods and corrected Akaike information criteria. We then apply a K-means clustering algorithm on these statistics, to determine the source classification in each band. The final source classification is derived as a combination of the individual filter classifications, resulting in two measures of classification quality, from the averages across the photometric filters of (1) the classifications determined from the closest K-means cluster centers, and (2) the square distances from the clustering centers in the K-means clustering spaces. For a verification set of AGNs and SNe, we show that SV and BL occupy distinct regions in the plane constituted by these measures. We use our clustering method to characterize 4361 extragalactic image difference detected sources, in the first 2. 5 yr of the PS1 MDS, into 1529 BL, and 2262 SV, with a purity of 95. 00% for AGNs, and 90. 97% for SN based on our verification sets. We combine our light-curve classifications with their nuclear or off-nuclear host galaxy offsets, to define a robust photometric sample of 1233 AGNs and 812 SNe. With these two samples, we characterize their variability and host galaxy properties, and identify simple photometric priors that would enable their real-time identification in future wide-field synoptic surveys.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1038/NPHYS2217
|
Local Probing Of Propagating Acoustic Waves In A Gigahertz Echo Chamber
|
In the same way that micro-mechanical resonators resemble guitar strings and drums, surface acoustic waves resemble the sound these instruments produce, but moving over a solid surface rather than through air. In contrast with oscillations in suspended resonators, such propagating mechanical waves have not before been studied near the quantum mechanical limits. Here, we demonstrate local probing of surface acoustic waves with a displacement sensitivity of 30 amRMS Hz^(−1/2) and detection sensitivity on the single-phonon level after averaging, at a frequency of 932 MHz. Our probe is a piezoelectrically coupled single-electron transistor, which is sufficiently fast, non-destructive and localized to enable us to track pulses echoing back and forth in a long acoustic cavity, self-interfering and ringing the cavity up and down. We project that strong coupling to quantum circuits will enable new experiments, and hybrids using the unique features of surface acoustic waves. Prospects include quantum investigations of phonon–phonon interactions, and acoustic coupling to superconducting qubits for which we present favourable estimates.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1039/C3CC47372D
|
E H E R3Si Or H Bond Activation By B C6F5 3 And Heteroarenes Competitive Dehydrosilylation Hydrosilylation And Hydrogenation
|
In the presence of B(C6F5)3 five-membered heteroarenes undergo dehydrosilylation and hydrosilylation with silanes. The former, favoured on addition of a weak base, produces H2 as a by-product making the process catalytic in B(C6F5)3 but also enabling competitive heteroarene hydrogenation.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1007/978-3-030-01887-0_89
|
Failure Mode And Effect Analysis Fmea Driven Design Of A Planetary Gearbox For Active Wearable Robotics
|
Conducting an FMEA for the design of a planetary gear transmission for exoskeletons enables decision making based on the interdependence between design parameters and the device requirements, as well as an early identification of several functional risks. Therefore, the use of FMEAs in the design of wearable robotic devices could contribute to higher design robustness, and ultimately result in a broader acceptance of future active wearable robotic devices.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
interreg_2581
|
Slovenian Opportunity II: economic animation to support SMEs' cross-border cooperation
|
The project aims at supporting SME operating in the two border areas, that often possess an unexpressed potential for growth. The objective is the improvement of relations among enterprises through several actions that see the participation of economic and institutional bodies from both areas. The actions aim at increasing the level of knowledge, competitiveness and innovation, thus favouring institutional and economic cooperation. The general objective consists in widening the opportunities for the development of SME in the eligible area by promoting the creation of shared innovative entrepreneurial opportunities, pursuing the greatest integration possible also through available telematic means. The project specifically aims at developing a favourable environment for commercial, technological and production cooperation of FVG enterprises located in the eligible area with Slovenian enterprises in the cross-border area. The project strategy ranges from the setting up of networks among the various economic actors to the promotion of new telematic technologies in favour of trade; from the introduction of new technologies to the direct meeting of firms to develop new joint enterprises; from the supply of tailored trade information equipment to the drawing up of guidelines on the use of structural funds. In its initial phase the project focuses on a number of specific economic sectors where to concentrate project actions and identify the most significant issues. At the same time a mapping of the resources and problems of the sector is carried out, in order to be used in the drafting of future proposals. Therefore the project intends to promote familiarity with the typical economic features of the territory so as to understand the production context and identify the potential for development. Lastly, it aims at providing targeted technical assistance to enhance and strengthen the economic fabric made up of cross-border SME.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
10.1007/978-3-642-38899-6_6
|
Effect of fibre orientation optimisation in an electromechanical model of left ventricular contraction in rat
|
Subject-specific, or personalised, modelling is one of the main targets in current cardiac modelling research. The aim of this study is to assess the improvement in predictive power gained by introducing subject-specific fibre models within an electromechanical model of left ventricular contraction in rat. A quantitative comparison of a series of global rule-based fibre models with an image-based locally optimised fibre model was performed. Our results show small difference in the predicted values of ejection fraction, wall thickening and base-to-apex shortening between the fibre models considered. In comparison, much larger differences appear between predicted values and those measured in experimental images. Further study of the constitutive behaviour and architecture of cardiac tissue is required before electromechanical models can fully benefit from the introduction of subject-specific fibres. Additionally, our study shows that, in the current model, an orthotropic description of the tissue is preferable to a transversely isotropic one, for the metrics considered.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201322552
|
An Extended Herschel Drop Out Source In The Center Of As1063 A Normal Dusty Galaxy At Z 6 1 Or Sz Substructures
|
In the course of our 870um APEX/LABOCA follow up of the Herschel Lensing Survey we have detected a source in AS1063 (RXC J2248. 7-4431), that has no counterparts in any of the Herschel PACS/SPIRE bands, it is a Herschel 'drop-out' with S_870/S_500>0. 5. The 870um emission is extended and centered on the brightest cluster galaxy suggesting either a multiply imaged background source or substructure in the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) increment due to inhomogeneities in the hot cluster gas of this merging cluster. We discuss both interpretations with emphasis on the putative lensed source. Based on the observed properties and on our lens model we find that this source could be the first SMG with a moderate far infrared luminosity (L_FIR 4. In deep HST observations we identified a multiply imaged z~6 source and we measured its spectroscopic redshift z=6. 107 with VLT/FORS. This source could be associated with the putative SMG but it is most likely offset spatially by 10-30kpc and they could be interacting galaxies. With a FIR luminosity in the range [5-15]x10^{11} L_sol corresponding to a star formation rate in the range [80-260]M_sol/yr, this SMG would be more representative than the extreme starbursts usually detected at z>4. With a total magnification of ~25 it would open a unique window to the 'normal' dusty galaxies at the end of the epoch of reionization.
|
[
"Universe Sciences"
] |
10.1007/s10955-013-0877-7
|
Effective Dynamics for a Kinetic Monte-Carlo Model with Slow and Fast Time Scales
|
We consider several multiscale-in-time kinetic Monte Carlo models, in which some variables evolve on a fast time scale, while the others evolve on a slow time scale. In the first two models we consider, a particle evolves in a one-dimensional potential energy landscape which has some small and some large barriers, the latter dividing the state space into metastable regions. In the limit of infinitely large barriers, we identify the effective dynamics between these macro-states, and prove the convergence of the process towards a kinetic Monte Carlo model. We next consider a third model, which consists of a system of two particles. The state of each particle evolves on a fast time-scale while conserving their respective energy. In addition, the particles can exchange energy on a slow time scale. Considering the energy of the first particle, we identify its effective dynamics in the limit of asymptotically small ratio between the characteristic times of the fast and the slow dynamics. For all models, our results are illustrated by representative numerical simulations.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1007/978-3-319-06331-7_18
|
Dynamic Response Variability Of General Fe Systems
|
In this paper a general formulation is proposed for the dynamic analysis of stochastic structures with uncertain material properties. A straightforward generalization of the mean and variability response function concept is introduced leading to closed form integral expressions for the dynamic mean and variability response of statically indeterminate beam/frame structures as well as for more general stochastic finite element systems. As in the case of classical variability functions, these integral expressions involve the spectral density function of a stochastic field modeling the uncertain material properties and so-called dynamic mean and variability response functions, recently established for linear stochastic statically determinate single degree of freedom oscillators. A finite element method-based fast Monte Carlo simulation procedure is used for the accurate and efficient numerical evaluation of these functions. Numerical examples are provided including a statically indeterminate beam/frame structure and a plane stress problem. The dynamic mean and variability response functions can be used consequently to perform sensitivity/parametric analyses with respect to various probabilistic characteristics involved in the problem (i. e. , correlation distance, standard deviation) and to establish realizable upper bounds on the dynamic mean and variance of the response.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W1718397641
|
Review of Current Design Guidelines for Circular FRP-Wrapped Plain Concrete Cylinders
|
AbstractWith the widespread use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in the construction sector as a strengthening technique, the development of design guidelines for the field application of externally bonded FRP systems is ongoing in Europe, Japan, Canada, and the United States. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the current seven international design guidelines and four other design models for the prediction of confined concrete compressive strength of FRP-wrapped plain concrete cylinders against the experimental results of a large database of 812 specimens reported in the literature. The results clearly show that the reliability of predictions of confined concrete compressive strength of FRP-wrapped plain concrete cylinders by the design guidelines significantly varies for different ranges of unconfined concrete compressive strength. For example, the gain in confined concrete compressive strength of FRP-wrapped low- and medium-strength concrete cylinders is larger than that of high- an...
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.97.064104
|
Local-structure change rendered by electronic localization-delocalization transition in cerium-based metallic glasses
|
With increasing temperature, metallic glasses (MGs) undergo first glass transition without pronounced structural change and then crystallization with distinct variation in structure and properties. The present study shows a structural change of short-range order induced by an electron-delocalization transition, along with an unusual large-volume shrinkage in Ce-based MGs. An f-electron localization-delocalization transition with thermal hysteresis is observed from the temperature dependence of x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra, indicating an inheritance of the 4f configuration of pure Ce. However, the delocalization transition becomes broadened due to the local structural heterogeneity and related fluctuation of 4f levels in the Ce-based MGs. The amorphous structure regulated 4f delocalization of Ce leads to bond shortening and abnormal structure change of the topological and chemical short-range orders. Due to the hierarchical bonding nature, the structure should change in a similar manner on different length scales (but not isostructurally like the Ce metal) in Ce-based MGs.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1037/xlm0000067
|
Flanking magnitudes: Dissociation between numerosity and numerical value in a selective attention task
|
The current research examined whether peripherally presented numerical information can affect the speed of number processing. In 2 experiments, participants were presented with a target matrix flanked by a distractor matrix and were asked to perform a comparative judgment (i. e. , decide whether the target was larger or smaller than the reference 5). In Experiment 1, the target was symbolic (i. e. , a single digit), and in Experiment 2, it was nonsymbolic (i. e. , a random presentation of dots). In both experiments, flanker matrices had 2 dimensions-numerosity and numerical value-that were manipulated orthogonally to create stimulus congruent and stimulus incongruent conditions. Incongruent trials differed in the laterality between target and flanker (i. e. , their location in relation to the reference 5). When responding to symbolic targets (Experiment 1), only the flanker's numerical value affected reaction times (RTs), whereas when responding to nonsymbolic targets (Experiment 2), only the flanker's numerosity affected RTs. In addition, the pattern of flanker interference differed between targets: For symbolic targets, laterality did not affect responses, whereas for nonsymbolic targets, laterality did affect responses. These results imply both symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitudes can be automatically activated; however, this activation is contingent upon their relevance to the task at hand. Implications of these results on the efficiency of the visual processing system and on numerical cognition are further discussed.
|
[
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1098/rsif.2013.0961
|
Global warming alters sound transmission: differential impact on the prey detection ability of echolocating bats
|
Climate change impacts the biogeography and phenology of plants and animals, yet the underlying mechanisms are little known. Here, we present a functional link between rising temperature and the prey detection ability of echolocating bats. The maximum distance for echo-based prey detection is physically determined by sound attenuation. Attenuation is more pronounced for high-frequency sound, such as echolocation, and is a nonlinear function of both call frequency and ambient temperature. Hence, the prey detection ability, and thus possibly the foraging efficiency, of echolocating bats and susceptible to rising temperatures through climate change. Using present-day climate data and projected temperature rises, we modelled this effect for the entire range of bat call frequencies and climate zones around the globe. We show that depending on call frequency, the prey detection volume of bats will either decrease or increase: species calling above a crossover frequency will lose and species emitting lower frequencies will gain prey detection volume, with crossover frequency and magnitude depending on the local climatic conditions. Within local species assemblages, this may cause a change in community composition. Global warming can thus directly affect the prey detection ability of individual bats and indirectly their interspecific interactions with competitors and prey.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
222515
|
Build your house exactly as you imagined it
|
At Jali we have mastered the art of building and configuring Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machines for plywood cutting. Our proprietary middleware allows us to produce custom components directly from digital 3D models, eliminating the need for manual programming and maximizing production speed.
Through our groundbreaking technology we currently enable thousands of consumers to build their house interior exactly as they imagine it from custom wardrobes and cabinets to bed-frames and doors, all with a few clicks on our 3D design tool. We have successfully marketed this technology and have made it available through our website.
HouseBuildR is bold step forward. It comprises a sophisticated large-scale CNC machine, capable of producing plywood blocks in custom geometries of sufficient size to be used in house building. It is thus ideal for self-builders, i.e. people who prefer to build their houses from scratch, a market segment that accounts for almost 640,000 new houses in the EU and the US.
Our vision is clear. We aim to completely redefine Structural Insulated Panel (SIP) based house construction by adapting our technology to achieve end-to-end house building automation. This new paradigm will not only enable end-customers to design and self-build their homes themselves but also drive the construction costs down by at least 20%.
Our solution enables a transition to energy efficient houses with greatly reduced carbon footprint. Houses built with HouseBuildR will feature 2.5 times more effective insulation due to inherent qualities of plywood SIP. This will result in an estimated CO2 reduction of 4391 tonnes per year.
Through this action, we aim to fund a feasibility study for our product, which is already at TRL6, and establish the estimated potential of our business growing by €31m gross revenues and €13.7m operating profits over the 5 years following HouseBuildR’s official market launch, generating a total of approximately 195 direct and 1100 indirect jobs
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1186/1752-0509-7-93
|
Jund Ap1 Regulatory Network Analysis During Macrophage Activation In A Rat Model Of Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
|
Function and efficiency of a transcription factor (TF) are often modulated by interactions with other proteins or TFs to achieve finely tuned regulation of target genes. However, complex TF interactions are often not taken into account to identify functionally active TF-targets and characterize their regulatory network. Here, we have developed a computational framework for integrated analysis of genome-wide ChIP-seq and gene expression data to identify the functional interacting partners of a TF and characterize the TF-driven regulatory network. We have applied this methodology in a rat model of macrophage dependent crescentic glomerulonephritis (Crgn) where we have previously identified JunD as a TF gene responsible for enhanced macrophage activation associated with susceptibility to Crgn in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain. To evaluate the regulatory effects of JunD on its target genes, we analysed data from two rat strains (WKY and WKY. LCrgn2) that show 20-fold difference in their JunD expression in macrophages. We identified 36 TFs interacting with JunD/Jun and JunD/ATF complexes (i. e. , AP1 complex), which resulted in strain-dependent gene expression regulation of 1,274 target genes in macrophages. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation we found that 2. 4 fold more JunD/ATF-target genes were up-regulated as compared with JunD/Jun-target genes. The enriched 314 genes up-regulated by AP1 complex during LPS stimulation were most significantly enriched for immune response (P = 6. 9 × 10-4) and antigen processing and presentation functions (P = 2. 4 × 10-5), suggesting a role for these genes in macrophage LPS-stimulated activation driven by JunD interaction with Jun/ATF. In summary, our integrated analyses revealed a large network of TFs interacting with JunD and their regulated targets. Our data also suggest a previously unappreciated contribution of the ATF complex to JunD-mediated mechanisms of macrophage activation in a rat model of crescentic glomerulonephritis.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
256997
|
Noncommutative Calderón-Zygmund theory, operator space geometry and quantum probability
|
Von Neumann's concept of quantization goes back to the foundations of quantum mechanics
and provides a noncommutative model of integration. Over the years, von Neumann algebras
have shown a profound structure and set the right framework for quantizing portions of algebra,
analysis, geometry and probability. A fundamental part of my research is devoted to develop a
very much expected Calderón-Zygmund theory for von Neumann algebras. The lack of natural
metrics partly justifies this long standing gap in the theory. Key new ingredients come from
recent results on noncommutative martingale inequalities, operator space theory and quantum
probability. This is an ambitious research project and applications include new estimates for
noncommutative Riesz transforms, Fourier and Schur multipliers on arbitrary discrete groups
or noncommutative ergodic theorems. Other related objectives of this project include Rubio
de Francia's conjecture on the almost everywhere convergence of Fourier series for matrix
valued functions or a formulation of Fefferman-Stein's maximal inequality for noncommutative
martingales. Reciprocally, I will also apply new techniques from quantum probability in
noncommutative Lp embedding theory and the local theory of operator spaces. I have already
obtained major results in this field, which might be useful towards a noncommutative form of
weighted harmonic analysis and new challenging results on quantum information theory.
|
[
"Mathematics"
] |
W2073159245
|
Leadership Coaching: Smarter Than Cliff Notes
|
Excited, energized, motivated, eager, enthusiastic—all words to describe how a nurse manager or director feels about the opportunity to advance or transition into a new leadership role. Conversely, there can be moments of angst, indecision, and uncertainty as unknown situations call for untried solutions. And once the onboarding process and close connection with a formal preceptor is concluded, new leaders may feel uncertain about next steps in their role transitioning process. Often new managers question their decisions, but there are limited trusted colleagues or mentors to assist in difficult problem-solving circumstances. These are the times when nurse executives seek additional support and engage outside assistance in order to ensure the new leader is successful. In walks the professional coach, a seasoned nurse leader who can assist with the next stage of essential role transitioning.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1126/science.1215101
|
Gap junctions compensate for sublinear dendritic integration in an inhibitory network
|
Electrically coupled inhibitory interneurons dynamically control network excitability, yet little is known about how chemical and electrical synapses regulate their activity. Using two-photon glutamate uncaging and dendritic patch-clamp recordings, we found that the dendrites of cerebellar Golgi interneurons acted as passive cables. They conferred distance-dependent sublinear synaptic integration and weakened distal excitatory inputs. Gap junctions were present at a higher density on distal dendrites and contributed substantially to membrane conductance. Depolarization of one Golgi cell increased firing in its neighbors, and inclusion of dendritic gap junctions in interneuron network models enabled distal excitatory synapses to drive network activity more effectively. Our results suggest that dendritic gap junctions counteract sublinear dendritic integration by enabling excitatory synaptic charge to spread into the dendrites of neighboring inhibitory interneurons.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1007/978-3-642-02859-5_7
|
Status Of 3D Mhd Models Of Solar Global Internal Dynamics
|
This is a brief report on the decade-long effort by our group to model the Sun’s internal magnetohydrodynamics in 3D with the ASH code.
|
[
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
W2067364714
|
Low-Luminance Visual Acuity and Microperimetry in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
|
To compare the effectiveness of low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA) and microperimetry as functional measures in early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Prospective cross-sectional study.One hundred seventy-nine participants with a clinical spectrum of non-neovascular AMD and 26 control participants.Best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA), LLVA, and microperimetric retinal sensitivity were measured on 1 eye of all participants. Low-luminance deficit (LLD) was calculated as the difference between LLVA and BCVA. The functional parameters were compared between 6 clinical severity groups (from controls to non-foveal geographic atrophy [GA]), and the relationships and magnitude of these parameters were determined and compared.Visual acuity parameters (BCVA, LLVA, and LLD) and central retinal sensitivity.Best-corrected visual acuity, LLVA, and central retinal sensitivity were reduced significantly for all AMD clinical severity groups when compared with control participants (P ≤ 0.002), except for those with drusen between 63 and 125 μm (P ≥ 0.107). However, LLD was not significantly different from control participants in all groups (P ≥ 0.073), except in the non-foveal GA group (P = 0.008). A significant positive relationship between central retinal sensitivity and LLD (R = 0.613; P < 0.001), but not BCVA, suggests that there is a trend for LLVA to detect a greater extent of functional deficit than BCVA in eyes with increasingly poorer retinal sensitivity. However, the results of the linear regression models estimated central retinal sensitivity to be 6.1, 3.7, and 5.1 standard deviations (SDs) less than normal by the time BCVA, LLVA, and LLD, respectively, were 2 SDs less than normal.In early stages of AMD, LLVA did not detect a greater extent of functional deficit than BCVA when compared with control participants. Although there was a trend for LLVA to be more effective at detecting foveal deficits than BCVA in eyes with increasingly poorer retinal sensitivity, both visual acuity measures were much less sensitive compared with microperimetry.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1145/3180155.3180160
|
Testing Vision Based Control Systems Using Learnable Evolutionary Algorithms
|
Vision-based control systems are key enablers of many autonomous vehicular systems, including self-driving cars. Testing such systems is complicated by complex and multidimensional input spaces. We propose an automated testing algorithm that builds on learnable evolutionary algorithms. These algorithms rely on machine learning or a combination of machine learning and Darwinian genetic operators to guide the generation of new solutions (test scenarios in our context). Our approach combines multiobjective population-based search algorithms and decision tree classification models to achieve the following goals: First, classification models guide the search-based generation of tests faster towards critical test scenarios (i. e. , test scenarios leading to failures). Second, search algorithms refine classification models so that the models can accurately characterize critical regions (i. e. , the regions of a test input space that are likely to contain most critical test scenarios). Our evaluation performed on an industrial automotive automotive system shows that: (1) Our algorithm outperforms a baseline evolutionary search algorithm and generates 78% more distinct, critical test scenarios compared to the baseline algorithm. (2) Our algorithm accurately characterizes critical regions of the system under test, thus identifying the conditions that are likely to lead to system failures.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.dib.2019.104132
|
Example dataset for the hMRI toolbox
|
The hMRI toolbox is an open-source toolbox for the calculation of quantitative MRI parameter maps from a series of weighted imaging data, and optionally additional calibration data. The multi-parameter mapping (MPM) protocol, incorporating calibration data to correct for spatial variation in the scanner's transmit and receive fields, is the most complete protocol that can be handled by the toolbox. Here we present a dataset acquired with such a full MPM protocol, which is made freely available to be used as a tutorial by following instructions provided on the associated toolbox wiki pages, which can be found at http://hMRI. info, and following the theory described in: hMRI – A toolbox for quantitative MRI in neuroscience and clinical research [1].
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
interreg_1036
|
Mediterranean Ecotourism Destination: main components (joint planning, monitoring, management and promotion)for a governance system in Mediterranean protected areas
|
Tourism illustrates an important source of revenues and employment in the MED area. At the same time it implicates enormous negative impacts for nature and society. _x000D_
Some years ago, the concept of ecotourism appeared. What does this imply for the MED area? Unfortunately not much. Despite increasing international efforts to create harmonized concepts, agreed definitions and quality standards are missing in the MED area. Due to the lack of coherent planning and monitoring and seriously perceived promotion, ecotourism in the MED does not yet constitute a real alternative. _x000D_
This could be changed through a governance system for ecotourism in protected areas, e.g. constituted through a destination management organisation (DMO). Such DMO could harmonize quality standards and tools to monitor compliance, propose attractive ecotourism offers promoted through a lasting brand. _x000D_
This is where the project DestiMED comes into play aiming to build pre-conditions for a DMO: _x000D_
Firstly, it will further develop and test standards, offers and monitoring tools - forming the quality scheme of a future DMO. It will build on results of the MEET project that created and tested planning and marketing approaches. These will be enriched by a monitoring tool. _x000D_
The offers and tools developed will subsequently be tested in pilot actions involving local actors as well as the local community. In parallel, a network (based on the MEET network) will serve as idea-smithy to further shape the DMO.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
W2334400796
|
Design of an interactive system for city bus transport and visually impaired people using wireless communication, smartphone and embedded system
|
There are millions of people over the world with some visual impairment or totally blind. Most of them face challenges every day, such as learning, walking and others. If they need to use the public transport, they depend on the good will of the people around them to help. In this paper, the author proposes a wireless interactive system composed by modules, which works with smartphone, embedded system and an application using voice message. The user module uses a smartphone with an application that is used for set the public transport line desired. This module communicates with a bus stop station module, and then a wireless link is created. Once the system is aware that there is a person with visual impairment on the station, it communicates with the module installed in the vehicle that attends the route requested, and it warns the driver with visual and an audible signal. The bus arrives at the station, the person boards the bus, and the wireless network is undone, waiting for a new request. The system proposed does not need to use Global System Position, and uses only microcontrollers, transceivers and extra electronics circuits
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1007/978-3-319-75810-7_10
|
Addressing Long Standing Chemical Challenges By Afm With Functionalized Tips
|
In this chapter, we illustrate the great potential of combining organic synthesis with atomic resolution AFM and STM to address relevant and classic issues in chemistry, by summarizing selected examples in which we were involved in recent years. As case studies, the long-standing chemical challenges covered here include the experimental discrimination of bond orders in single molecules, the characterization of extremely insoluble compounds such as nanographenes, the analysis of the individual components of complex mixtures, and the on-surface generation and identification of highly reactive molecules and intermediates.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01123
|
Elasticity and Relaxation in Full and Partial Vitrimer Networks
|
We develop a continuum model of the dynamic-mechanical response of vitrimers, where the elastic energy of the material accounts for the conserved number of the crosslinks in the network. We also prepare partial vitrimer networks, which consist of variable fractions of a transient network based on boronic ester bond-exchange and of a permanent polymer network. By fitting the theory to our experimental data on stress relaxation, the bond-exchange rate and the fraction of the permanent elastic network are obtained, with a linear relationship between the fraction of the transient polymer network and the ratio between the boronic ester and the flexible spacer among the chain-extending thiols. For a 100% vitrimer undergoing a ramp deformation, the stress of the material first increases and then decreases, where the yield time decreases with an increasing strain rate. A partial vitrimer can behave as a pure elastic material without yielding at low strain rates or show a nonmonotonic "S-shaped" stress-strain relationship at high strain rates.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
interreg_3507
|
Setting up of an Italian-Slovenian research network for the study of nanostructured materials and the exploitation of synchrotron radiation.
|
The project’s objective is the setting up of a research network involving ths Slovenian partners in the use of the research facilities at the TASC-INFM laboratory in Basovizza; for example, the working out of new materials, nanostructures, and the use of beamlines at Elettra Synchrotron. These infrastructures, highly advanced at an international level, are already used by researchers of all countries, but are still underutilized by the Slovenian scientific community. Elettra is a last-generation synchrotron radiation source: thanks to its features, it is a crucial tool for the advanced experimental study of innovative materials - even materials structured at the nanometric level. The TASC-INFM laboratory is also equipped for the development of innovative materials by means of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique and for the manifacturing of electronic and photonic products. Other advanced techniques are available for the analysis of the electronic, structural and morphological properties of the materials. The initiative aims both at informing senior Slovenian researchers about the opportunities available in the field of materials analysis, and at training a new generation of young Slovenian researchers in the use of these experimental techniques, which have a very high technological impact. The group formed by these researchers will later be able to widen the number of cross-border users. In the end, a computer network will be developed, in order to exchange scientific programmes and data and to disseminate scientific and technical knowledge among the partners involved and other regional bodies. To this end, meetings/symposiums and workshops are organized for scientific updating.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1098/rspb.2012.0474
|
Host modulation of parasite competition in multiple infections
|
Parasite diversity is a constant challenge to host immune systems and has important clinical implications, but factors underpinning its emergence and maintenance are still poorly understood. Hosts typically harbour multiple parasite genotypes that share both host resources and immune responses. Parasite diversity is thus shaped not only by resource competition between co-infecting parasites but also by host-driven immune-mediated competition. We investigated these effects in an insect–trypanosome system, combining
in vivo
and
in vitro
single and double inoculations. In vivo
, a non-pathogenic, general immune challenge was used to manipulate host immune condition and resulted in a reduced ability of hosts to defend against a subsequent exposure to the trypanosome parasites, illustrating the costs of immune activation. The associated increase in available host space benefited the weaker parasite strains of each pair as much as the otherwise more competitive strains, resulting in more frequent multiple infections in immune-challenged hosts. In vitro
assays showed that in the absence of a host, overall parasite diversity was minimal because the outcome of competition was virtually fixed and resulted in strain extinction. Altogether, this shows that parasite competition is largely host-mediated and suggests a role for host immune condition in the maintenance of parasite diversity.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
CA 434617 A
|
ADDITIVE FOR INCLUSION IN A HEAVY OIL RESERVOIR UNDERGOING STEAM INJECTION
|
"ADDITIVE FOR INCLUSION IN A HEAVY OIL RESERVOIR UNDERGOING STEAM INJECTION" The viscosity of heavy oil may be incrementally reduced over what can be achieved by steam alone, by introducing an aqueous metal salt solution into a reservoir undergoing steam injection. The metal ion is selected from the group consisting of Ti, v, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo and Al. In a preferred feature CO is also introduced as a second additive, with a further oil viscosity reduction being observed with certain of the metal ions.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevA.98.063617
|
Momentum distribution and coherence of a weakly interacting Bose gas after a quench
|
We consider a weakly interacting uniform atomic Bose gas with a time-dependent nonlinear coupling constant. By developing a suitable Bogoliubov treatment we investigate the time evolution of several observables, including the momentum distribution, the degree of coherence in the system, and their dependence on dimensionality and temperature. We rigorously prove that the low-momentum Bogoliubov modes remain frozen during the whole evolution, while the high-momentum ones adiabatically follow the change in time of the interaction strength. At intermediate momenta we point out the occurrence of oscillations, which are analogous to Sakharov oscillations. We identify two wide classes of time-dependent behaviors of the coupling for which an exact solution of the problem can be found, allowing for an analytic computation of all the relevant observables. A special emphasis is put on the study of the coherence property of the system in one spatial dimension. We show that the system exhibits a smooth "light-cone effect," with typically no prethermalization.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
W364408754
|
Radiotracer Technique in Study of Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454
|
The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131 I and 82 Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two resins. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min -1 ), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and log K d were 0.379, 0.426, 0.161 and 16.2 respectively for Dowex-SBR LC resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.156, 0.243, 0.038 and 13.4 as that obtained by using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. Based on overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Indion-454 resins, Dowex-SBR LC resins show superior performance. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.09.018
|
Operationalizing a land systems classification for Laos
|
Land cover data is widely used for the design and monitoring of land use policies despite the incapability of this type of data to represent multiple land uses and land management activities within the same landscape. In this study, we operationalized the concept of land systems for the case of the Lao PDR (Laos). Distinct land systems like shifting cultivation and plantations (land concessions) cannot be fully captured by land cover inventories alone, in spite of their relevance for land use policies. Using a decision tree and a matrix approach, we integrated several datasets for the period 2010/11, including land cover, an agricultural census and a land concession inventory. We selected thresholds for distinguishing land systems based on an expert survey. The resulting 17 land systems cover the whole territory of Laos and represent landscapes of 2 × 2 km pixel size. The largest area is occupied by smallholder agriculture land systems intertwined with forests. Only 27% of the territory are agriculturally undisturbed, dense forest systems. The assessment can serve as a basis to identify areas that could change shortly and locates the full range of land systems, from land concessions to smallholder systems, in one, integrated spatial assessment. The land system representation can help policy makers to link land systems to the diversity of different stakeholders and their backgrounds and support discussions about ecologic and socio-economic consequences of different land uses within a landscape.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.1073/pnas.1911744117
|
Zinc isotopes in Late Pleistocene fossil teeth from a Southeast Asian cave setting preserve paleodietary information
|
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of collagen from bone and dentin have frequently been used for dietary reconstruction, but this method is limited by protein preservation. Isotopes of the trace element zinc (Zn) in bioapatite constitute a promising proxy to infer dietary information from extant and extinct vertebrates. The66Zn/64Zn ratio (expressed as δ66Zn value) shows an enrichment of the heavy isotope in mammals along each trophic step. However, preservation of diet-related δ66Zn values in fossil teeth has not been assessed yet. Here, we analyzed enamel of fossil teeth from the Late Pleistocene (38. 4–13. 5 ka) mammalian assemblage of the Tam Hay Marklot (THM) cave in northeastern Laos, to reconstruct the food web and assess the preservation of original δ66Zn values. Distinct enamel δ66Zn values of the fossil taxa (δ66Zncarnivore< δ66Znomnivore< δ66Znherbivore) according to their expected feeding habits were observed, with a trophic carnivore-herbivore spacing of +0. 60‰ and omnivores having intermediate values. Zn and trace element concentration profiles similar to those of modern teeth also indicate minimal impact of diagenesis on the enamel. While further work is needed to explore preservation for settings with different taphonomic conditions, the diet-related δ66Zn values in fossil enamel from THM cave suggest an excellent long-term preservation potential, even under tropical conditions that are well known to be adverse for collagen preservation. Zinc isotopes could thus provide a new tool to assess the diet of fossil hominins and associated fauna, as well as trophic relationships in past food webs.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
W1561015021
|
Risky by Design: The Mandatory Private Pillar of Australia's Retirement Income System
|
Australia's retirement income system has been touted by some as among the world's best. Its contemporary architecture mirrors the ‘ideal’ recommended by the World Bank. Yet occupational superannuation, the mandatory private pillar of Australia's retirement income system, is one to which many uncertainties and, hence, risks are attached almost by design. This article explores some of these systemic risks in light of the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) and its aftermath and considers some of their implications. The range of risks includes inflation risk, malfeasance and incompetence in the management of superannuation funds, exchange rate risk, investment risk, longevity risk and political risk. However, this article focuses on the latter three. While Australia's federal governments have become increasingly conscious of investment risk and longevity risk, greater sensitivity to political risk and its impacts is still needed.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
10.1126/science.1199784
|
Proteome half-life dynamics in living human cells
|
Cells remove proteins by two processes: degradation and dilution due to cell growth. The balance between these basic processes is poorly understood. We addressed this by developing an accurate and noninvasive method for measuring protein half-lives, called "bleach-chase," that is applicable to fluorescently tagged proteins. Assaying 100 proteins in living human cancer cells showed half-lives that ranged between 45 minutes and 22. 5 hours. A variety of stresses that stop cell division showed the same general effect: Long-lived proteins became longer-lived, whereas short-lived proteins remained largely unaffected. This effect is due to the relative strengths of degradation and dilution and suggests a mechanism for differential killing of rapidly growing cells by growth-arresting drugs. This approach opens a way to understand proteome half-life dynamics in living cells.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W2086893508
|
Advanced Metasearch Engine Technology
|
Among the search tools currently on the Web, search engines are the most well known thanks to the popularity of major search engines such as Google and Yahoo!. While extremely successful, these major search engines do have serious limitations. This book introduces large-scale metasearch engine technology, which has the potential to overcome the limitations of the major search engines. Essentially, a metasearch engine is a search system that supports unified access to multiple existing search engines by passing the queries it receives to its component search engines and aggregating the returned results into a single ranked list. A large-scale metasearch engine has thousands or more component search engines. While metasearch engines were initially motivated by their ability to combine the search coverage of multiple search engines, there are also other benefits such as the potential to obtain better and fresher results and to reach the Deep Web. The following major components of large-s ale metasearch engines will be discussed in detail in this book: search engine selection, search engine incorporation, and result merging. Highly scalable and automated solutions for these components are emphasized. The authors make a strong case for the viability of the large-scale metasearch engine technology as a competitive technology for Web search. Table of Contents: Introduction / Metasearch Engine Architecture / Search Engine Selection / Search Engine Incorporation / Result Merging / Summary and Future Research
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W2098584503
|
School- and Family-Level Socioeconomic Status and Health Behaviors: Multilevel Analysis of a National Survey in Wales, United Kingdom
|
Interventions to address inequalities in adolescent health behaviors often target children from less affluent families, or schools in poorer areas. Few studies have examined whether school- or family-level affluence predicts health behaviors independently, or in combination.This article reports secondary analysis of the Welsh Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Mixed-effects logistic regression models test associations of school and family socioeconomic status (SES) with smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, and physical activity.Higher family SES was associated with healthier behaviors, except in relation to alcohol consumption. For all behaviors except physical activity, school-level SES was independently associated with healthier behaviors. In higher SES schools, a stronger association of family SES with health behavior was observed, particularly in relation to smoking and physical activity.School and family SES may exert independent and combined influences upon adolescent health behaviors. Targeting interventions toward deprived schools may fail to address substantial inequalities within more affluent schools. Targeting deprived families may fail to address behaviors of children from affluent families, attending more deprived schools. Identifying universal health improvement interventions which have greater effects among children from poorer backgrounds may be a more effective means of reducing inequalities.
|
[
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W1969743508
|
Climate change and biometeorology, the International Society of Biometeorology and its journal: a perspective on the past and a framework for the future
|
Anthropogenic climate change is inherently a biometeorological issue. As such, it would be reasonably expected that the International Society of Biometeorology (ISB) and its journal, International Journal of Biometeorology (IJB), would have had climate change feature prominently in their activities, articles etc., and to therefore have made a substantial and valuable contribution to the science of the issue. This article presents an analysis of climate change science in ISB and IJB. The analysis focusses on climate-change-related publications by ISB Presidents found through searches of Thomson Reuters Web of Science; contributions to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC's) Working Group II (WGII) by ISB Presidents; and climate change-related publications in IJB found through searches of Thomson Reuters Web of Science. The results demonstrate that the ISB, as represented by its recent, current, and future Presidents, is actively engaged in climate change research and the production of scholarly climate change publications. For example, ISB Presidents have contributed as authors to all four IPCC WGII Assessment Reports, with some Presidents having contributed to more than one Assessment Report or several chapters of the one report. Similarly, it is evident that the IJB is increasingly attracting and publishing climate-change-related articles, with such articles generally having greater impact (as indicated by citations) than other IJB articles. Opportunities for the ISB to provide an internal framework for, and showcase, its climate change work are described. Such opportunities, if enacted, would complement the recent creation of two IJB climate change Field Editor positions.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1109/CCA.2015.7320826
|
Openbuild An Integrated Simulation Environment For Building Control
|
This paper introduces the OpenBuild toolbox for MATLAB. OpenBuild is a toolbox for advanced controller design for buildings heating ventilation and air conditioning systems, with emphasis on Model Predictive Control. It provides researchers in the control community the ability to test algorithms on a wide range of realistic simulation scenarios, by providing most of the data needed to perform simulation and optimization. It combines the convenience of controller design in MATLAB with the simulation capabilities of the building simulation software EnergyPlus. It includes a building modeling tool to construct linear state-space models of building thermodynamics based on building description data, making it useful for design of optimal controllers requiring a good prediction model, as well as providing the input data necessary for simulation such as weather, occupancy and internal gains data. The ability to co-simulate the building between MATLAB and EnergyPlus enables fast prototyping and validation of the models and controllers. This paper presents the working principles and functionality of OpenBuild.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
US 3707912D A
|
MECHANICAL FUZE WITH SELF-DESTRUCT MECHANISM
|
A mechanical fuze for aerial ordnance devices having an extendable probe, and impact sensor mounted on the probe, an impact responsive inertia weight operable with an auxiliary firing pin as a backup for the probe sensor, and a self-destruct assembly. The self-destruct assembly includes a percussion primer actuated during extension of the probe and coupled to a thin column of deflagrating material sheathed in a flexible metal and having an explosive charge at its terminal portion for driving a piston against the inertia weight if both the probe sensor and inertia weight remain unactivated when the column burn front reaches the explosive charge, thereby detonating the device through the auxiliary firing pin.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
AU 2018/251804 A
|
System and method for detecting and controlling contraband devices
|
The growing problem of contraband devices being smuggled into a correctional facility raises both security and safety issue. General fixed contraband detection systems are not cost effective because they require a high up-front cost and high maintenance, training and upgrade cost after installation. The present disclosure provides details of a system and method to detect and control the usage of contraband devices in a correctional facility cost effectively. Such a system is portable and can be relocated to different locations. Such a system both detects contraband devices and disrupts the operations of the contraband devices. Such a system further provides a report on the severity of contraband usage to the correctional facility.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
10.1073/pnas.1908228116
|
Cell phenotypic plasticity requires autophagic flux driven by YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction
|
Autophagy, besides ensuring energy metabolism and organelle renewal, is crucial for the biology of adult normal and cancer stem cells. However, it remains incompletely understood how autophagy connects to stemness factors and the nature of the microenvironmental signals that pattern autophagy in different cell types. Here we advance in these directions by reporting that YAP/TAZ transcriptionally control autophagy, being critical for autophagosomal degradation into autolysosomes. YAP/TAZ are downstream effectors of cellular mechanotransduction and indeed we found that cell mechanics, dictated by the physical property of the ECM and cytoskeletal tension, profoundly impact on autophagic flux in a YAP/TAZ-mediated manner. Functionally, by using pancreatic and mammary organoid cultures, we found that YAP/TAZ-regulated autophagy is essential in normal cells for YAP/TAZ-mediated dedifferentiation and acquisition of self-renewing properties. In tumor cells, the YAP/TAZ–autophagy connection is key to sustain transformed traits and for acquisition of a cancer stem cell state by otherwise more benign cells. Mechanistically, YAP/TAZ promote autophagic flux by directly promoting the expression of Armus, a RAB7-GAP required for autophagosome turnover and whose add-back rescues autophagy in YAP/TAZ-depleted cells. These findings expand the influence of YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction to the control of autophagy and, vice versa, the role of autophagy in YAP/TAZ biology, and suggest a mechanism to coordinate transcriptional rewiring with cytoplasmic restructuring during cell reprogramming.
|
[
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1103/PhysRevB.100.041111
|
Dynamics of photodoped charge transfer insulators
|
We study the dynamics of charge transfer insulators after photoexcitation using the three-band Emery model and a nonequilibrium extension of Hartree-Fock+EDMFT (extended dynamical mean field theory) and GW+EDMFT. While the equilibrium properties are accurately reproduced by the Hartree-Fock treatment of the ligand bands, dynamical correlations are essential for a proper description of the photodoped state. Photodoping leads to a renormalization of the charge transfer gap and to a substantial broadening of the bands. We calculate the time-resolved photoemission spectrum and optical conductivity and find qualitative agreement with experiments. Our formalism enables the realistic description of nonequilibrium phenomena in materials with ligand bands. It provides a tool to explore the optical manipulation of interaction and correlation effects, including insulator-metal and magnetic transitions.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.048
|
Finding the P3 in the P600: Decoding shared neural mechanisms of responses to syntactic violations and oddball targets
|
The P600 Event-Related Brain Potential, elicited by syntactic violations in sentences, is generally interpreted as indicating language-specific structural/combinatorial processing, with far-reaching implications for models of language. P600 effects are also often taken as evidence for language-like grammars in non-linguistic domains like music or arithmetic. An alternative account, however, interprets the P600 as a P3, a domain-general brain response to salience. Using time-generalized multivariate pattern analysis, we demonstrate that P3 EEG patterns, elicited in a visual Oddball experiment, account for the P600 effect elicited in a syntactic violation experiment: P3 pattern-trained MVPA can classify P600 trials just as well as P600-trained ones. A second study replicates and generalizes this finding, and demonstrates its specificity by comparing it to face- and semantic mismatch-associated EEG responses. These results indicate that P3 and P600 share neural patterns to a substantial degree, calling into question the interpretation of P600 as a language-specific brain response and instead strengthening its association with the P3. More generally, our data indicate that observing P600-like brain responses provides no direct evidence for the presence of language-like grammars, in language or elsewhere.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
171385
|
Full fairing rotor head aerodynamic design optimization
|
The project is aimed on the numerical design optimization and flow analysis of a semi-watertight full fairing rotor head with respect to drag reduction of a compound helicopter configuration, namely the Low Impact, Fast and Efficient Rotorcraft (LifeRCraft) demonstrator. It has been shown that fully fairing the structural components of the rotor head as a whole provides significant drag reduction potential. The project first phase concentrates on the method development for all consecutive steps. This includes enhancing the existing CFD and optimizer software to be able to automatically optimize the fairing geometries. The software functionality is demonstrated by performing computations of the rotor head blade sleeve fairings, the full-fairing beanie and the pylon fairing for a series of simplified flow conditions. The second phase of the project is dedicated to pre-development of potential rotor head full fairing configurations. A special focus is on preliminary optimisations of the blade sleeves, beanie and hub fairing for forward flight conditions with a non-spinning rotor head. The following development phase addresses two tasks. The first task comprises a refined aerodynamic optimization of promising full fairing configurations under the effect of rotor rotation. Flow conditions inside the fairing are also thermically analyzed to avoid any overheating of components. The second task is on wake flow analysis of the drag-reducing full fairing geometries performing high precision aerodynamic simulations. Strong unsteady airloads on the empennage due to the rotor head wake must be avoided to ensure proper flight dynamics and structural integrity. Consequently, the project results in a seamless integration of the developed software tools into the topic leaders work flow. The complex, CPU-intensive CFD simulations establish a sound data base for full fairing rotor head design and analysis which is not available today.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61730-X
|
Genetic Risk Coronary Heart Disease Events And The Clinical Benefit Of Statin Therapy An Analysis Of Primary And Secondary Prevention Trials
|
Summary Background Genetic variants have been associated with the risk of coronary heart disease. In this study, we tested whether or not a composite of these variants could ascertain the risk of both incident and recurrent coronary heart disease events and identify those individuals who derive greater clinical benefit from statin therapy. Methods A community-based cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study) and four randomised controlled trials of both primary prevention (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention (CARE and PROVE IT-TIMI 22) with statin therapy, comprising a total of 48 421 individuals and 3477 events, were included in these analyses. We studied the association of a genetic risk score based on 27 genetic variants with incident or recurrent coronary heart disease, adjusting for traditional clinical risk factors. We then investigated the relative and absolute risk reductions in coronary heart disease events with statin therapy stratified by genetic risk. We combined data from the different studies using a meta-analysis. Findings When individuals were divided into low (quintile 1), intermediate (quintiles 2–4), and high (quintile 5) genetic risk categories, a significant gradient in risk for incident or recurrent coronary heart disease was shown. Compared with the low genetic risk category, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for coronary heart disease for the intermediate genetic risk category was 1·34 (95% CI 1·22–1·47, p Interpretation A genetic risk score identified individuals at increased risk for both incident and recurrent coronary heart disease events. People with the highest burden of genetic risk derived the largest relative and absolute clinical benefit from statin therapy. Funding National Institutes of Health.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1109/ULTSYM.2013.0372
|
Parallel Transmit Beamforming By Means Of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Implementation On An Open Research Platform
|
Parallel receive beam forming is not optimal for harmonic imaging, as employing a wide beam or plane wave in transmission results in the generation of lower absolute pressure values, when compared to focused ultrasound beams, and conflicts with the demand for high-amplitude pressure wave fields necessary to generate the harmonic components. On the contrary, parallel transmit beam forming can be more easily applied to harmonic imaging, as focusing may be utilized to increase the amplitude of the pressure wave fields. However, interbeam interference represents an issue. To overcome these shortcomings and exploit the benefit of combining harmonic imaging and a high data acquisition rate, a new approach has been recently presented which relies on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to perform parallel beamforming in transmission. Here, this technique is implemented for the first time on an advanced open platform for ultrasound research (ULA-OP) and the achievable resolution and interbeam interference have been investigated.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3507-13.2014
|
Fear From The Heart Sensitivity To Fear Stimuli Depends On Individual Heartbeats
|
Cognitions and emotions can be influenced by bodily physiology. Here, we investigated whether the processing of brief fear stimuli is selectively gated by their timing in relation to individual heartbeats. Emotional and neutral faces were presented to human volunteers at cardiac systole, when ejection of blood from the heart causes arterial baroreceptors to signal centrally the strength and timing of each heartbeat, and at diastole, the period between heartbeats when baroreceptors are quiescent. Participants performed behavioral and neuroimaging tasks to determine whether these interoceptive signals influence the detection of emotional stimuli at the threshold of conscious awareness and alter judgments of emotionality of fearful and neutral faces. Our results show that fearful faces were detected more easily and were rated as more intense at systole than at diastole. Correspondingly, amygdala responses were greater to fearful faces presented at systole relative to diastole. These novel findings highlight a major channel by which short-term interoceptive fluctuations enhance perceptual and evaluative processes specifically related to the processing of fear and threat and counter the view that baroreceptor afferent signaling is always inhibitory to sensory perception.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1073/pnas.1402010111
|
Single-molecule studies of polymerase dynamics and stoichiometry at the bacteriophage T7 replication machinery
|
Replication of DNA plays a central role in transmitting hereditary information from cell to cell. To achieve reliable DNA replication, multiple proteins form a stable complex, known as the replisome, enabling them to act together in a highly coordinated fashion. Over the past decade, the roles of the various proteins within the replisome have been determined. Although many of their interactions have been characterized, it remains poorly understood how replication proteins enter and leave the replisome. In this study, we visualize fluorescently labeled bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerases within the replisome while we simultaneously observe the kinetics of the replication process. This combination of observables allows us to monitor both the activity and dynamics of individual polymerases during coordinated leading- and lagging-strand synthesis. Our data suggest that lagging-strand polymerases are exchanged at a frequency similar to that of Okazaki fragment synthesis and that two or more polymerases are present in the replisome during DNA replication. Our studies imply a highly dynamic picture of the replisome with lagging-strand DNA polymerases residing at the fork for the synthesis of only a few Okazaki fragments. Further, new lagging-strand polymerases are readily recruited from a pool of polymerases that are proximally bound to the replisome and continuously replenished from solution.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
W56856764
|
Using Behaviour Inference to Optimise Regression Test Sets
|
Where a software component is updated or replaced regression testing is required. Regression test sets can contain considerable redundancy. This is especially true in the case where no formal regression test set exists and the new component must instead be compared against patterns of behaviour derived from in-use log data from the previous version. Previous work has applied search-based techniques such as Genetic Algorithms to minimise test sets, but these relied on code coverage metrics to select test cases. Recent work has demonstrated the advantage of behaviour inference as a test adequacy metric. This paper presents a multi-objective search-based technique that uses behaviour inference as the fitness metric. The resulting test sets are evaluated using mutation testing and it is demonstrated that a considerably reduced test set can be found that retains all of the fault finding capability of the complete set.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1016/j.cej.2016.07.010
|
Formation of size-tuneable biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles by solvent displacement method using micro-engineered membranes fabricated by laser drilling and electroforming
|
Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) drug-carrier nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by rapid membrane micromixing combined with nanoprecipitation in a stirred cell employing novel membrane dispersion. The organic phase composed of 0. 1−0. 6 wt% PCL dissolved in tetrahydrofuran was injected into the aqueous phase (Mili-Q water or 0. 2−1 wt% poly(vinyl alcohol) using two microfabricated membranes with different pore morphologies and spatial pore arrangements: ringed stainless steel membrane of reduced (annular) operating area with a square array of cylindrical laser-drilled pores and electroformed nickel membrane of full operating area with a hexagonal array of conical, funnel-shaped pores. The size of the NPs was precisely controlled over a range of 159−394 nm by changing the aqueous-to-organic volumetric ratio, stirring rate, transmembrane flux, the polymer content in the organic phase, membrane type and pore size. The smallest and most uniform particles with a Z-average of 159 nm and a polydispersity index of 0. 107 ± 0. 014 were obtained using a 10 μm pore-sized stainless steel membrane at the transmembrane flux of 140 L m−2 h−1, a stirring rate of 1300 rpm, and an aqueous-to-organic phase volume ratio of 10 using 1 g L−1 PCL in the organic phase. The particle size decreased by increasing the stirring rate and the aqueous-to-organic volumetric ratio, and by decreasing the polymer concentration in the aqueous phase and the transmembrane flux. The existence of the peak shear stress within a transitional radius and a rapid decline of the shear stress away from the membrane surface were revealed by numerical modelling.
|
[
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2267302627
|
Understanding the anion–π interactions with tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine
|
Anion-π interaction is a new type of non-covalent interaction. It has attracted growing interest in recent years both theoretically and experimentally. However, the nature of bonding between an anion and an electron-deficient aromatic system has remained elusive. To understand the bonding nature in depth, we have carried out a systematic computational study, using model systems that involve tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine 1, an electron-deficient macrocyclic host, and four anions, X(-) (X(-) = SCN(-), NO3(-), BF4(-), and PF6(-)), of varied sizes and shapes. The geometries for the 1·X(-) complexes were optimized using the extended ONIOM (XO) method. The good agreements with the X-ray experimental results provide a validation of our theoretical schemes. The nature of the non-covalent interactions was analyzed with the help of the AIM (atoms in molecules), RDG (reduced density gradient) and LMO-EDA (local molecular orbital-energy decomposition analysis) methods. The results clearly reveal the involvement of anion-π bonding, as well as a weak, yet significant, hydrogen bonding interaction between the benzene C-H on 1 and the anion of NO3(-) or PF6(-). The bonding energies of 1·X(-) were calculated with the XYG3 functional, and the results were compared with those from MP2, M06-2X and some other functionals with non-covalent interaction corrections (e.g., B3LYP-D3, and ωB97X-D). We conclude that the binding strengths follow the order of 1·NO3(-) > 1·SCN(-) > 1·BF4(-) > 1·PF6(-), where the difference between 1·SCN(-) and 1·BF4(-) is less significant. The strongest interaction in 1·NO3(-) comes from: (1) the effective electronic interaction between NO3(-) and the triazine rings on 1; and (2) the weak hydrogen bonding interaction between the benzene C-H on 1 and nitrate, which cooperates with the anion-π interactions.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
US 201415109607 A
|
Tire rolling resistance testing method and testing device
|
This invention improves the precision and reliability with which rolling resistance can be measured. This rolling-resistance testing method includes a rolling-resistance measurement stage and a determination stage. In the rolling-resistance measurement stage, a component force meter is used to measure the tangential axial force that occurs in a tire axle when the tire is rotated under load. In the determination stage, the axial force is measured in a no-load stopped state in which the tire has been separated from a drum, said axial force is compared to a threshold, and if the axial force is greater than said threshold, a determination that an anomaly has occurred in the test is made.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
W2911418452
|
How LCA contributes to the environmental assessment of higher order effects of ICT application: A review of different approaches
|
Abstract Information and communication technology (ICT) is often considered a technology for reducing environmental emissions by increasing energy and resource efficiencies of processes. However, due to other effects of ICT, such as rebound and induction effects, the net benefits of ICT in terms of environmental impact are by no means assured. Even though the relevance of indirect or higher order effects has become a well-known issue in recent years, their environmental assessment remains controversial. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most established environmental assessment methods for modelling the environmental effects of goods and services throughout their life cycle. Although LCA is traditionally rather product-focused, there exist also LCA-based approaches to assess higher order effects of technology replacement and optimization. This paper examines whether and how LCA case studies on environmental effects of ICT already take into account related higher order effects. A systematic review of scientific literature published since 2005 has been conducted and 25 case studies were analyzed in detail. The following research questions were addressed: i) Which products are assessed? ii) Which higher order effects of ICT are considered; and iii) how is the integration of higher order effects methodically realized? The results show that few case studies were concerned with the environmental effects of the introduction of ICT services in commerce, telework and monitoring and control. Most studies investigated the substitution of certain media with electronic devices or digital services. It was found that technology-based higher order effects, such as optimization and substitution, are usually included in the assessment by choosing comparative study designs, while user-related higher order effects, such as rebound effects and induction effects, are less often considered. For the latter effects, methodological integration was mainly provided by scenario modelling and sensitivity analysis. Overall, most studies chose an attributional LCA approach. It can be concluded from the results that, in particular, user-related effects such as rebound effects have not yet been frequently included in the environmental assessment of ICT. The identified research gaps include in particular interdisciplinary approaches on how changing use patterns can be more strongly observed in LCA.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W4394110867
|
Additional file 6 of Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from fattening pigs in Spain
|
Additional file 6.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W2091707413
|
Assessment without action; a randomised evaluation of theinterRAI home care compared to a national assessment tool on identification of needs and service provision for older people in New Zealand
|
Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is considered the cornerstone of good practice, as it identifies need across multiple domains such as social, physical and psychological. The interRAI home care (interRAI-HC), probably the most well-researched and supported community-based CGA has been implemented globally, often at considerable expense. Policy-makers, managers and clinicians anticipate significant gains in health outcomes following such investment; however, the implementation of CGA is often undertaken in the absence of community service development. This study sought to compare the interRAI-HC with an existing CGA [the Support Needs Assessment (SNA)] in community-dwelling older people. A randomised controlled trial was undertaken from January 2006 to January 2007 comparing the interRAI-HC and the SNA in 316 people (65+) referred for assessment of needs with follow-up at 1 and 4 months. Outcomes included health-related quality of life, physical function, social support, cognitive status, mood and health service usage as well as identified need. The study found that significantly more support needs were identified using the interRAI-HC compared to the SNA. More social and carer support were recommended by SNA and more rehabilitation and preventive health screens were recommended by interRAI-HC. Despite these differences, the mean healthcare use was similar at 4 months, although interRAI-HC participants had more Emergency Department presentations and hospital admissions. No statistically significant differences between groups were reported in terms of outcomes. In conclusion, the interRAI-HC was found to identify more unmet support needs than the SNA though resulted in no favourable outcomes for the older person or their carer. The study highlights the need to invest attention around the service context to maximise outcomes based on identified needs.
|
[
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W4220889018
|
Motivaciones, compromiso y adopción del e-WOM en restaurantes
|
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar el efecto que tienen las motivaciones para consultar y escribir e-WOM sobre el compromiso con el e-WOM y la influencia de dicho compromiso en la adopción del e-WOM consultado. Para analizar estas relaciones, se realizó una investigación empírica aplicada en el contexto de los restaurantes. El ámbito geográfico fue Ecuador, con una muestra de 461 consumidores. Se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se validó la cadena de relaciones. Los resultados confirmaron las relaciones entre estas variables; además, se presentaron implicaciones académicas interesantes para profundizar en el estudio sobre el compromiso con el e-WOM, así como implicaciones para la gestión de restaurantes orientadas al manejo de sus plataformas virtuales o redes sociales.
|
[
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
W2078325682
|
Hybrid computing: CPU+GPU co-processing and its application to tomographic reconstruction
|
Modern computers are equipped with powerful computing engines like multicore processors and GPUs. The 3DEM community has rapidly adapted to this scenario and many software packages now make use of high performance computing techniques to exploit these devices. However, the implementations thus far are purely focused on either GPUs or CPUs. This work presents a hybrid approach that collaboratively combines the GPUs and CPUs available in a computer and applies it to the problem of tomographic reconstruction. Proper orchestration of workload in such a heterogeneous system is an issue. Here we use an on-demand strategy whereby the computing devices request a new piece of work to do when idle. Our hybrid approach thus takes advantage of the whole computing power available in modern computers and further reduces the processing time. This CPU+GPU co-processing can be readily extended to other image processing tasks in 3DEM.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.jocm.2019.100186
|
‘Computer says no’ is not enough: Using prototypical examples to diagnose artificial neural networks for discrete choice analysis
|
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are increasingly used for discrete choice analysis, being appreciated in particular for their strong predictive power. However, many choice modellers are critical – and rightfully so – about using ANNs, for the reason that they are hard to diagnose. That is, for analysts it is hard to see whether a trained (estimated) ANN has learned intuitively reasonable relationships, as opposed to spurious, inexplicable or otherwise undesirable ones. As a result, choice modellers often find it difficult to trust an ANN, even if its predictive performance is strong. Inspired by research from the field of computer vision, this paper pioneers a low-cost and easy-to-implement methodology to diagnose ANNs in the context of choice behaviour analysis. The method involves synthesising prototypical examples after having trained the ANN. These prototypical examples expose the fundamental relationships that the ANN has learned. These, in turn, can be evaluated by the analyst to see whether they make sense and are desirable, or not. In this paper we show how to use such prototypical examples in the context of choice data and we discuss practical considerations for successfully diagnosing ANNs. Furthermore, we cross-validate our findings using techniques from traditional discrete choice analysis. Our results suggest that the proposed method helps build trust in well-functioning ANNs, and is able to flag poorly trained ANNs. As such, it helps choice modellers use ANNs for choice behaviour analysis in a more reliable and effective way.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
W4291396228
|
Pooled analysis of drug-related interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis in nine trastuzumab deruxtecan monotherapy studies
|
This pooled analysis of nine phase I and II trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) monotherapy studies described drug-related interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis in patients treated with T-DXd.Patients who received T-DXd across nine studies were included. Investigator-assessed ILD/pneumonitis events were retrospectively reviewed by an independent adjudication committee; events adjudicated as drug-related ILD/pneumonitis are summarized.The analysis included 1150 patients (breast cancer, 44.3%; gastric cancer, 25.6%; lung cancer, 17.7%; colorectal cancer, 9.3%; other cancer, 3.0%). Median treatment duration was 5.8 (range, 0.7-56.3) months, with a median of 4 (range, 1-27) prior lines of therapy. The overall incidence of adjudicated drug-related ILD/pneumonitis was 15.4% (grade 5, 2.2%). Most patients with ILD/pneumonitis experienced low-grade events (grade 1 or 2, 77.4%); 87.0% had their first event within 12 months [median, 5.4 (range, <0.1-46.8) months] of their first dose of T-DXd. Based on data review, adjudicated ILD/pneumonitis onset occurred earlier than identified by investigators for 53.2% of events [median difference in onset date, 43 (range, 1-499) days]. Stepwise Cox regression identified several baseline factors potentially associated with increased risk of adjudicated drug-related ILD/pneumonitis: age <65 years, enrollment in Japan, T-DXd dose >6.4 mg/kg, oxygen saturation <95%, moderate/severe renal impairment, presence of lung comorbidities, and time since initial diagnosis >4 years.In this pooled analysis of heavily treated patients, the incidence of ILD/pneumonitis was 15.4%, with most being low grade and occurring in the first 12 months of treatment. The benefit-risk of T-DXd treatment is positive; however, some patients may be at increased risk of developing ILD/pneumonitis, and further investigation is needed to confirm ILD/pneumonitis risk factors. Close monitoring and proactive management of ILD/pneumonitis are warranted for all.
|
[
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1172/JCI74664
|
Remote Control Of Induced Dopaminergic Neurons In Parkinsonian Rats
|
Direct lineage reprogramming through genetic-based strategies enables the conversion of differentiated somatic cells into functional neurons and distinct neuronal subtypes. Induced dopaminergic (iDA) neurons can be generated by direct conversion of skin fibroblasts; however, their in vivo phenotypic and functional properties remain incompletely understood, leaving their impact on Parkinson’s disease (PD) cell therapy and modeling uncertain. Here, we determined that iDA neurons retain a transgene-independent stable phenotype in culture and in animal models. Furthermore, transplanted iDA neurons functionally integrated into host neuronal tissue, exhibiting electrically excitable membranes, synaptic currents, dopamine release, and substantial reduction of motor symptoms in a PD animal model. Neuronal cell replacement approaches will benefit from a system that allows the activity of transplanted neurons to be controlled remotely and enables modulation depending on the physiological needs of the recipient; therefore, we adapted a DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug) technology for remote and real-time control of grafted iDA neuronal activity in living animals. Remote DREADD-dependent iDA neuron activation markedly enhanced the beneficial effects in transplanted PD animals. These data suggest that iDA neurons have therapeutic potential as a cell replacement approach for PD and highlight the applicability of pharmacogenetics for enhancing cellular signaling in reprogrammed cell–based approaches.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
W4226340541
|
Comment on essd-2021-358
|
<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> One of the challenges in studying desert dust aerosol along with its numerous interactions and impacts is the paucity of direct in situ measurements, particularly in the areas most affected by dust storms. Satellites typically provide column-integrated aerosol measurements, but observationally constrained continuous 3D dust fields are needed to assess dust variability, climate effects and impacts upon a variety of socio-economic sectors. Here, we present a high-resolution regional reanalysis data set of desert dust aerosols that covers Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe along with the Mediterranean Sea and parts of central Asia and the Atlantic and Indian oceans between 2007 and 2016. The horizontal resolution is 0.1<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span> latitudeâ<span class="inline-formula">Ã</span>â0.1<span class="inline-formula"><sup>â</sup></span> longitude in a rotated grid, and the temporal resolution is 3â<span class="inline-formula">h</span>. The reanalysis was produced using local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) data assimilation in the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) developed at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). The assimilated data are coarse-mode dust optical depth retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Level 2 products. The reanalysis data set consists of upper-air variables (dust mass concentrations and the extinction coefficient), surface variables (dust deposition and solar irradiance fields among them) and total column variables (e.g. dust optical depth and load). Some dust variables, such as concentrations and wet and dry deposition, are expressed for a binned size distribution that ranges from 0.2 to 20â<span class="inline-formula">µm</span> in particle diameter. Both analysis and first-guess (analysis-initialized simulation) fields are available for the variables that are diagnosed from the state vector. A set of ensemble statistics is archived for each output variable, namely the ensemble mean, standard deviation, maximum and median. The spatial and temporal distribution of the dust fields follows well-known dust cycle features controlled by seasonal changes in meteorology and vegetation cover. The analysis is statistically closer to the assimilated retrievals than the first guess, which proves the consistency of the data assimilation method. Independent evaluation using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) dust-filtered optical depth retrievals indicates that the reanalysis data set is highly accurate (mean biasâ<span class="inline-formula">=</span>â<span class="inline-formula">â</span>0.05, RMSEâ<span class="inline-formula">=</span>â0.12 and <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span>â<span class="inline-formula">=</span>â0.81 when compared to retrievals from the spectral de-convolution algorithm on a 3-hourly basis). Verification statistics are broadly homogeneous in space and time with regional differences that can be partly attributed to model limitations (e.g. poor representation of small-scale emission processes), the presence of aerosols other than dust in the observations used in the evaluation and differences in the number of observations among seasons. Such a reliable high-resolution historical record of atmospheric desert dust will allow a better quantification of dust impacts upon key sectors of society and economy, including health, solar energy production and transportation. The reanalysis data set <span class="cit" id="xref_paren.1">(<a href="#bib1.bibx30">Di Tomaso et al.</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx30">2021</a>)</span> is distributed via Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Services (THREDDS) at BSC and is freely available at <span class="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/21.12146/c6d4a608-5de3-47f6-a004-67cb1d498d98</span> (last access: 10 June 2022).
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.026
|
Identification of novel sphingolipid-binding motifs in mammalian membrane proteins
|
Specific interactions between transmembrane proteins and sphingolipids is a poorly understood phenomenon, and only a couple of instances have been identified. The best characterized example is the sphingolipid-binding motif VXXTLXXIY found in the transmembrane helix of the vesicular transport protein p24. Here, we have used a simple motif-probability algorithm (MOPRO) to identify proteins that contain putative sphingolipid-binding motifs in a dataset comprising proteomes from mammalian organisms. From these motif-containing candidate proteins, four with different numbers of transmembrane helices were selected for experimental study: i) major histocompatibility complex II Q alpha chain subtype (DQA1), ii) GPI-attachment protein 1 (GAA1), iii) tetraspanin-7 TSN7, and iv), metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (GRM2). These candidates were subjected to photo-affinity labeling using radiolabeled sphingolipids, confirming all four candidate proteins as sphingolipid-binding proteins. The sphingolipid-binding motifs are enriched in the 7TM family of G-protein coupled receptors, predominantly in transmembrane helix 6. The ability of the motif-containing candidate proteins to bind sphingolipids with high specificity opens new perspectives on their respective regulation and function.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.014
|
Control of Cell Shape, Neurite Outgrowth, and Migration by a Nogo-A/HSPG Interaction
|
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) critically modulate adhesion-, growth-, and migration-related processes. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein, Nogo-A, inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading in neurons and Nogo-A-responsive cell lines via HSPGs. The extracellular, active 180 amino acid Nogo-A region, named Nogo-A-Δ20, binds to heparin and brain-derived heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) but not to the closely related chondroitin sulfate GAGs. HSPGs are required for Nogo-A-Δ20-induced inhibition of adhesion, cell spreading, and neurite outgrowth, as well as for RhoA activation. Surprisingly, we show that Nogo-A-Δ20 can act via HSPGs independently of its receptor, Sphingosine-1-Phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). We thereby identify the HSPG family members syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 as functional receptors for Nogo-A-Δ20. Finally, we show in explant cultures ex vivo that Nogo-A-Δ20 promotes the migration of neuroblasts via HSPGs but not S1PR2. The extracellular Δ20 domain of Nogo-A is a potent inhibitor of cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth in the adult CNS. Kempf et al. identify HSPGs as functional receptors for Nogo-A-Δ20. Nogo-A-Δ20 binds to HSPGs and regulates RhoA activation, cell spreading, neurite outgrowth, and neuroblast migration via HSPGs.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1002/aelm.201700080
|
Aerosol-Jet Printing of Polymer-Sorted (6,5) Carbon Nanotubes for Field-Effect Transistors with High Reproducibility
|
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a promising material for flexible and printed electronics. Efficient dispersion and sorting methods facilitate the production of large quantities of high-quality semiconducting SWNT inks for direct printing. Here, the suitability of aerosol-jet printing of polymer-sorted (6,5) SWNTs for top-gate field-effect transistors is investigated. Despite the sonication involved in the printing process, almost no impact on the quality of the SWNTs in terms of defects and length is found. Printed network transistors show reproducible device performance over extended printing periods and for different ink batches with constant printing parameters. Deposition of multiple SWNT layers to obtain thicker and optically dense films increases the effective mobility and on-conductance, while also decreasing hysteresis. Aerosol-jet printing of SWNTs is thus suitable for the fabrication of integrated circuits based on nanotube transistors.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1080/20548923.2020.1762370
|
Experimental Investigation Of Ceramic Technology And Plant Food Cooking In Neolithic Northern Greece
|
The paper discusses aspects of cooking pottery technology and operation through observations made in a series of experiments, utilizing the results of archaeological ceramic analysis in Neolithic n. . .
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1002/anie.201710467
|
Monodisperse N-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons Reaching 7.7 Nanometers in Length
|
The properties of graphene nanoribbons are highly dependent on structural variables such as width, length, edge structure, and heteroatom doping. Therefore, atomic precision over all these variables is necessary for establishing their fundamental properties and exploring their potential applications. An iterative approach is presented that assembles a small and carefully designed molecular building block into monodisperse N-doped graphene nanoribbons with different lengths. To showcase this approach, the synthesis and characterisation of a series of nanoribbons constituted of 10, 20 and 30 conjugated linearly-fused rings (2. 9, 5. 3, and 7. 7 nm in length, respectively) is presented.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41467-019-10410-x
|
Emergent bound states and impurity pairs in chemically doped Shastry-Sutherland system
|
Impurities often play a defining role in the ground states of frustrated quantum magnets. Studies of their effects are crucial in understanding of the phase diagram in these materials. SrCu2(BO3)2, an experimental realization of the Shastry-Sutherland (SS) lattice, provides a unique model system for such studies using both experimental and numerical approaches. Here we report effects of impurities on the crystals of bound states, and doping-induced emergent ground states in Mg-doped SrCu2(BO3)2, which remain stable in high magnetic fields. Using four complementary magnetometry techniques and theoretical simulations, a rich impurity-induced phenomenology at high fields is discovered. The results demonstrate a rare example in which even a small doping concentration interacts strongly with both triplets and bound states of triplets, and thus plays a significant role in the magnetization process even at high magnetic fields. Our findings provide insights into the study of impurity effects in geometrically frustrated quantum magnets.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
EP 0305919 W
|
INHIBITORS OF GLYCOPROTEIN VI
|
The Invention provides use of an antibody against platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention of intraarterial thrombosis in a Patient characterized by (i) having suffered from an acute coronary or carotid syndrome and (ü)having active intraarterial lesions. The present Invention also provides an antibody against platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) for the preparation of a medicament for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diabetes. Further, in vivo and in vivo screening methods for inhibitors or GP VI are provided and inhibitors identified thereby.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.032
|
Nanoparticle-enabled delivery of surfactants in porous media
|
The adsorption of surfactants on the reservoir rocks surface is a serious issue in many energy and environment related areas. Learning from the concept of drug delivery in the nano-medicine field, this work proposes and validates the concept of using nanoparticles to deliver a mixture of surfactants into a porous medium. TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are used as carriers for a blend of surfactants mixtures including anionic alkyl aryl sulfonic acid (AAS) and nonionic alcohol ethoxylated (EA) at the optimum salinity and composition conditions. The transport of NPs through a core sample of crushed sandstone grains and the adsorption of surfactants are evaluated. By using TiO2 NPs, the adsorption of surfactant molecules can be significantly reduced, i. e. half of the initial adsorption value. The level of surfactant adsorption reduction is related to the NPs transport capability through the porous medium. An application study shows that comparing to surfactant flooding alone, the total oil recovery can be increased by 7. 81% of original oil in place (OOIP) by using nanoparticle bonded surfactants. Such work shows the promise of NP as an effective surfactant carrier for sandstone reservoirs, which could have many potential applications in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and environmental remediation.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2069644784
|
The use of spectroscopic measurements from full scale industrial production to achieve stable end product quality
|
The present study was conducted to investigate different approaches to improve product quality in an industrial setting, by utilizing spectroscopic measurements for process optimization where data are obtained directly from full scale production. The approach taken is to utilise spectroscopic techniques as a fingerprint of uncontrollable raw material variation. The FTIR spectra were used to predict the end product characteristics along with the process parameters instead of predicting previously defined characteristics of the raw material. The present case under study is from cheese production aiming for reduced variation in the dry matter content of the final product. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) are available at the plant, but not fully utilized. The results from the study showed that the FTIR spectra do contain significant information relevant for the end product characteristics which is not yet utilized, suggesting that FTIR spectra can be used for process optimisation to improve the stability of the quality. Different strategies to incorporate the spectral data are presented, and the usefulness of full scale production for process optimisation is discussed. The present study also contains optimisation of the production based on data modelling of the raw material variation, the process settings and the product quality over a long time period.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
W2349968994
|
Development orientation and teaching reform thinking of the landscape architecture discipline in Shandong Jianzhu University
|
The landscape architecture discipline in the 21st century faces the new situation like the challenges of urbanization,the influence of ecological concepts and the impact of social informationization.The ecological design and construction to ensure ecological balance and environmental quality becomes the important task of modern landscape architects.The landscape architecture discipline in Shandong Jianzhu University is orientated as a featured one closely integrated with environmental ecology with the architecture and environmental art as its foundation and the engineering design as its strong suit.The train of thought of teaching reform in the landscape architecture discipline is also put forward as follows: adjusting the teaching content,using a variety of teaching methods and focusing on students' abilities.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1007/978-1-4939-8591-3_1
|
High Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging Of Nucleic Acids
|
Exploring the limits of spatial resolution has been a constant in the history of atomic force microscopy imaging. Since its invention in 1986, the AFM has beaten the barrier of resolution continuously, thanks to technical developments, miniaturization of tips, and implementation of new imaging modes. The double helix structure of DNA has been always at the horizon of resolution. Today, this milestone has been reached, not only imaging DNA but also its close relative double-stranded RNA. Here, we provide a comprehensive description of the methods employed and the steps required to image the helical periodicity of these two nucleic acids with the sample immersed in a buffer solution.
|
[
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W2911467027
|
A Flexibility Home Energy Management System to Support Agreggator Requests in Smart Grids
|
Energy flexibility will play a key role in the proper functioning of energy systems, introducing a set of benefits to all involved stakeholders and changing the shape of electricity markets as we know them. It is expected that new players with different interests will emerge in this context. Particularly, the aggregators might allow end-users to be aware of their consumption flexibility value, or merely facilitate consumer’s participation, for instance through the use of demand response. To this end, a prompt system response allowing the interaction between aggregators and residential users is needed. Therefore, the so-called Home Energy Management System (HEMS) becomes an active tool to communicate end-users with aggregators, performing the necessary changes in the consumption profiles in benefit of all involved parts. In this paper, a model with the objective of achieving a match between the flexibility required by an aggregator and the flexibility offered by residential users through the HEMS capability of shifting specific appliances is proposed. The model is then solved using a well-known swarm intelligence algorithm, the particle swarm optimization (PSO). An illustrative example of how the model is optimized using PSO, re-scheduling appliances to meet a flexibility curve, is presented. After that, a case study with 15 appliances based on real profiles of home devices is solved showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach to procure flexibility.
|
[
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
US 2019/0055104 W
|
TAPERED ROLLER BEARING
|
A tapered bearing assembly that includes in inner ring and an outer ring being radially spaced by a plurality of bearing elements. A cage is disposed between the inner and outer ring and circumferentially spaces the bearing elements. The outer ring includes an inner surface defining a conical shape that includes a raceway. The outer raceway provides a rotational rolling surface for the bearing elements to limit the transfer of rotational energy from the inner ring. A method of constructing the tapered bearing assembly, through relative movement of parts, includes placing bearing elements in a cage that circumferentially spaces the bearing elements. The cage and bearing elements are then placed within a raceway defined by an inner surface of an outer ring. The outer ring, cage, and bearing elements are then placed over an inner ring. The inner ring and the shaft are integral.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1126/science.1253226
|
The genomic landscape underlying phenotypic integrity in the face of gene flow in crows
|
The importance, extent, and mode of interspecific gene flow for the evolution of species has long been debated. Characterization of genomic differentiation in a classic example of hybridization between all-black carrion crows and gray-coated hooded crows identified genome-wide introgression extending far beyond the morphological hybrid zone. Gene expression divergence was concentrated in pigmentation genes expressed in gray versus black feather follicles. Only a small number of narrow genomic islands exhibited resistance to gene flow. One prominent genomic region (<2 megabases) harbored 81 of all 82 fixed differences (of 8. 4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in total) linking genes involved in pigmentation and in visual perception - a genomic signal reflecting color-mediated prezygotic isolation. Thus, localized genomic selection can cause marked heterogeneity in introgression landscapes while maintaining phenotypic divergence.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
CA 2963865 A
|
PHANTOM TO DETERMINE POSITIONAL AND ANGULAR NAVIGATION SYSTEM ERROR
|
A phantom to determine navigational error in a surgical navigation system that tracks the location of an elongate tool having a tip and a shaft based on a plurality of fiducials attached to the elongate tool. The phantom includes a base portion that models a lower portion of a mammalian head and having a top surface with a plurality of touch points, each of the touch points being a respective indentation, and a frame detachably securable to the base portion and having an upper portion spaced apart from the top surface, the upper portion having defined therein a plurality of apertures. A tip of the elongate tool is to be inserted through said one of the apertures and in one of the touch points, and the surgical navigation system determines positional and angular error.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41467-018-04376-5
|
A20 critically controls microglia activation and inhibits inflammasome-dependent neuroinflammation
|
Microglia, the mononuclear phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis, but also critically contribute to CNS pathology. Here we demonstrate that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulatory protein A20 is crucial in regulating microglia activation during CNS homeostasis and pathology. In mice, deletion of A20 in microglia increases microglial cell number and affects microglial regulation of neuronal synaptic function. Administration of a sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide induces massive microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and lethality in mice with microglia-confined A20 deficiency. Microglia A20 deficiency also exacerbates multiple sclerosis (MS)-like disease, due to hyperactivation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome leading to enhanced interleukin-1β secretion and CNS inflammation. Finally, we confirm a Nlrp3 inflammasome signature and IL-1β expression in brain and cerebrospinal fluid from MS patients. Collectively, these data reveal a critical role for A20 in the control of microglia activation and neuroinflammation.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
interreg_2822
|
Patriarchal castles between Friuli and Slovenia
|
An important part of the history of Friuli Venezia Giulia refers to the events that took place in the towns and villages where patriarchal castles appeared in the Middle Ages and partly survived the end of the Patriarchate. The castes are the points of reference of an anthropic and historically dense landscape, where for a long time - not just in the Middle Ages but since the most ancient times until the twentieth century - defence against the enemy was the basic reason for living. Changing war techniques, earthquakes and the gradual depopulation also on the castles’ hills led to their almost complete abandonment. In this sense the project envisages the creation of an itinerary including some of the castles along the Natisone valley (Ahrensperg, Antro) extending northwards along the road to Carinthia up to Cergneu (Nimis), where a small XIII century castle can be found. Most of the actions envisaged will be carried out in small centres, which are not generally tourist destinations. The initiative envisages infrastructural interventions (structural restoration, safety measures) in the Ahrensperg castle (Pulfero). The routes between Biacis – Ahrensperg – Antro and the bridle paths connecting the castles and the local natural landscape (Nimis – Attimis – Faedis – Pulfero – Prepotto) will be restored. Lastly, the partway leading from the first abodes in Cergneu to the Castle will also be renovated. The project also entails the creation of an information centre and the reconstruction of a handicraft textile laboratory and an exhibiting room. A Medieval tavern will be set up in Biacis (Pulfero). Lastly, promotional initiatives will be organized (tourist map, historical guide, etc.).
|
[
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
US 2014/0049444 W
|
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATING DISEASE STATES ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVATED T CELLS AND/OR B CELLS
|
Disclosed are combination therapies and related compositions that may contain one or more of a p53 potentiating agent, a DNA-damaging agent, an agent that inhibits cell cycle check point, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also disclosed are methods of using such compositions for the treatment of conditions related to T cell and/or B cell activation in subjects in need of such treatment.
|
[
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.3989/aearte.2017.25
|
Roma 1619. Retratos de la nación española en la galería de Ottavio Leoni
|
A través de la reconstrucción de las circunstancias en las que Francisco Chacón y otros españoles fueron retratados por Ottavio Leoni en la corte papal, este artículo profundiza en las relaciones artísticas entre Roma y la monarquía española.
|
[
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
] |
10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.013
|
Using deep learning to examine street view green and blue spaces and their associations with geriatric depression in Beijing, China
|
Background: Residential green and blue spaces may be therapeutic for the mental health. However, solid evidence on the linkage between exposure to green and blue spaces and mental health among the elderly in non-Western countries is scarce and limited to exposure metrics based on remote sensing images (i. e. , land cover and vegetation indices). Such overhead-view measures may fail to capture how people perceive the environment on the site. Objective: This study aimed to compare streetscape metrics derived from street view images with satellite-derived ones for the assessment of green and blue space; and to examine associations between exposure to green and blue spaces as well as geriatric depression in Beijing, China. Methods: Questionnaire data on 1190 participants aged 60 or above were analyzed cross-sectionally. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the shortened Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Streetscape green and blue spaces were extracted from Tencent Street View data by a fully convolutional neural network. Indicators derived from street view images were compared with a satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a normalized difference water index (NDWI), and those derived from GlobeLand30 land cover data on a neighborhood level. Multilevel regressions with neighborhood-level random effects were fitted to assess correlations between GDS-15 scores and these green and blue spaces exposure metrics. Results: The average cumulative GDS-15 score was 3. 4 (i. e. , no depressive symptoms). Metrics of green and blue space derived from street view images were not correlated with satellite-based ones. While NDVI was highly correlated with GlobeLand30 green space, NDWI was moderately correlated with GlobeLand30 blue space. Multilevel regressions showed that both street view green and blue spaces were inversely associated with GDS-15 scores and achieved the highest model goodness-of-fit. No significant associations were found with NDVI, NDWI, and GlobeLand30 green and blue space. Our results passed robustness tests. Conclusion: Our findings provide support that street view green and blue spaces are protective against depression for the elderly in China, yet longitudinal confirmation to infer causality is necessary. Street view and satellite-derived green and blue space measures represent different aspects of natural environments. Both street view data and deep learning are valuable tools for automated environmental exposure assessments for health-related studies.
|
[
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
] |
224244
|
Killer plasmids as drivers of genetic code changes during yeast evolution
|
The genetic code was established at a very early stage during the evolution of life on Earth and is nearly universal. In eukaryotic nuclear genes, the only known examples of a sense codon that underwent an evolutionary change of meaning, from one amino acid to another, occur in yeast species. The codon CUG is translated as Leu in the universal genetic code, but it has long been known to be translated as Ser in some Candida species. In recent work, we discovered that this switch is one of three parallel reassignments of CUG that occurred in three closely related clades of yeasts. CUG was reassigned once from Leu to Ala, and twice from Leu to Ser, in three separate events. The meaning of sense codons in the nuclear genetic code has otherwise remained completely stable during all of eukaryotic evolution, so why was CUG so unstable in yeasts? CODEKILLER will test a radical new hypothesis that the genetic code changes were caused by a killer toxin that specifically attacked the tRNA that translated CUG as Leu. The hypothesis implies that the reassignments of CUG were not driven by selection in favor of their effects on the proteome, as commonly assumed, but by selection against the existence of a particular tRNA. As well as searching for this killer toxin, we will study the detailed mechanism of genetic code change by engineering a reversal of a CUG-Ser species back to CUG-Leu translation, and investigate translation in some species that naturally contain both tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Ser molecules capable of decoding CUG.
|
[
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.7554/elife.33752
|
A neural-level model of spatial memory and imagery
|
We present a model of how neural representations of egocentric spatial experiences in parietal cortex interface with viewpoint-independent representations in medial temporal areas, via retrosplenial cortex, to enable many key aspects of spatial cognition. This account shows how previously reported neural responses (place, head-direction and grid cells, allocentric boundary- and object-vector cells, gain-field neurons) can map onto higher cognitive function in a modular way, and predicts new cell types (egocentric and head-direction-modulated boundary- and object-vector cells). The model predicts how these neural populations should interact across multiple brain regions to support spatial memory, scene construction, novelty-detection, ‘trace cells’, and mental navigation. Simulated behavior and firing rate maps are compared to experimental data, for example showing how object-vector cells allow items to be remembered within a contextual representation based on environmental boundaries, and how grid cells could update the viewpoint in imagery during planning and short-cutting by driving sequential place cell activity.
|
[
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.329
|
A reduction method for Riccati-based control of the Fokker-Planck equation
|
A control strategy which allows to speed up the convergence of a bilinear system governed by the Fokker-Planck equation to its stationary distribution is developed. After linearization of the state equation, a linear feedback control is computed by solving the Riccati equation associated with the linearized problem. A reduction method for approximating this feedback is proposed. From a numerical point of view, this method avoids the resolution of a high-dimensional Riccati equation. Numerical results are provided for a double-well potential and the efficiency of the reduction method is demonstrated.
|
[
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1039/c4sc01982b
|
A mild and fast photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of thiols in batch and continuous-flow
|
S–CF3 bonds are important structural motifs in various pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. However, their preparation remains a major challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Here, we report the development of a mild and fast photocatalytic trifluoromethylation of thiols. The combination of commercially available Ru(bpy)3Cl2, visible light and inexpensive CF3I gas proved to be an efficient method for the direct trifluoromethylation of thiols. The protocol is demonstrated on a wide range of aromatic, hetero-aromatic and aliphatic substrates in both batch and continuous microflow (32 examples, 52–98% yield). Process intensification through continuous microflow application resulted in a 15-fold increase in production rate (0. 25 mmol min−1) due to improved gas–liquid mass transfer, enhanced irradiation as well as convenient handling of the gaseous CF3 source. Furthermore, the efficiency of the flow process allowed to reduce the amount of CF3I (1. 1 equivalent) to reach full conversion.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
216754
|
A new process for removal of odour from post consumer waste polymer for non-food applications – odex
|
Although much progress has been made in recycling the easier polymer streams such as at-line production waste, or through specialist closed loop systems, the challenge to recycle Post Consumer polymer waste (mainly packaging from consumer goods such as food, sauces and detergents) is still strong, particularly for polypropylene and polyethylene. These polymers strongly absorb odours from their contents, and form musty taints due to bacterial action in the waste stream, which currently needs uneconomic levels of cleaning before they can be recycled into high value products such as automotive fascias and building products.
Of all of the post consumer polypropylene waste produced, under 1% is recycled into high quality products; the rest is used in low value applications such as buried geotextiles, or is landfilled or incinerated. The ODEX process concept from Luxus, a recycling compounder for automotive plastics, has been specifically created to provide a cost effective method to deodourise polymers for higher value uses; it uses only the existing heat energy from the compounding process to drive the odourous compounds out of carefully designed pellets within a continuous at-line process. This project is intended to validate the feasibility of the process and formulate a business plan, to underpin our future objectives of scaling it up to commercial application. The future embodiment of the technology is envisaged as a turnkey or retrofit option for Luxus and other existing compounders as licencees, allowing them to provide high quality polymers from materials that would otherwise have been destined for landfill or incineration.
|
[
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W2788897902
|
A Quantitative Comparison of Program Plagiarism Detection Tools
|
In this work we compare a total of 9 different tools for the detection of source code plagiarism. We evaluated the plagiarism or copy detection tools CPD, JPlag, Sherlock, Marble, Moss, Plaggie and SIM and two baselines, one based on the Unix tool diff and one based on the difflib module from the Python Standard Library. We provide visualizations of the output of these tools and compare the performance of each tool when running it on different tasks by comparing both the F-measures and the area under the precision-recall-curve (AUC-PR). We compare the performance using these metrics on each task and identify the best performing tools.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05499.x
|
Normal mode sensitivity to Earth's D″ layer and topography on the core-mantle boundary: What we can and cannot see
|
The core-mantle boundary (CMB) is Earth's most profound internal boundary separating the liquid iron outer core and the solid silicate mantle. The detailed structure near the CMB has a major influence on mantle convection and the evolution of the core. Seismic observations, such as topography on the CMB, thin ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs), seismic anisotropy and the anticorrelation between shear wave and bulk sound velocity heterogeneities have mainly been made using body waves and are still poorly constrained. We investigate the sensitivity of Earth's free oscillations to these features and specifically show how large individual anomalies must be for them to be observable. In addition, we discuss the possible trade-offs between these different lowermost mantle structures. Although modes have strong sensitivity to all the structures inserted, the results illustrate the limits of what normal modes can resolve. Our tests show that: (i) Even small scale features, such as ULVZs, with a thickness larger than 19km can be observed as long as their distribution contains a long wavelength component. (ii) The peak-to-peak amplitude of CMB topography has a larger influence than its pattern and has to be smaller than 5km to fit the data. (iii) The effect of scaling between shear wave velocity and density anomalies is less constrained, but a laterally varying pattern is implied by a simple test, suggesting the presence of chemical variations. (iv) A strong trade-off exists between anisotropy in compressional wave velocity and incidence angle whereas shear wave anisotropy is less observable. These findings provide valuable information for future normal mode studies on structures in Earth's lowermost mantle and their trade-offs.
|
[
"Earth System Science"
] |
322206
|
Genetics and epigenetics of animal welfare
|
Animal welfare is a topic of highest societal and scientific priority. Here, I propose to use genomic and epigenetic tools to provide a new perspective on the biology of animal welfare. This will reveal mechanisms involved in modulating stress responses. Groundbreaking aspects include new insights into how environmental conditions shape the orchestration of the genome by means of epigenetic mechanisms, and how this in turn modulates coping patterns of animals. The flexible epigenome comprises the interface between the environment and the genome. It is involved in both short- and long-term, including transgenerational, adaptations of animals. Hence, populations may adapt to environmental conditions over generations, using epigenetic mechanisms. The project will primarily be based on chickens, but will also be extended to a novel species, the dog. We will generate congenic chicken strains, where interesting alleles and epialleles will be fixed against a common background of either RJF or domestic genotypes. In these, we will apply a broad phenotyping strategy, to characterize the effects on different welfare relevant behaviors. Furthermore, we will characterize how environmental stress affects the epigenome of birds, and tissue samples from more than 500 birds from an intercross between RJF and White Leghorn layers will be used to perform an extensive meth-QTL-analysis. This will reveal environmental and genetic mechanisms affecting gene-specific methylation. The dog is another highly interesting species in the context of behavior genetics, because of its high inter-breed variation in behavior, and its compact and sequenced genome. We will set up a large-scale F2-intercross experiment and phenotype about 400 dogs in standardized behavioral tests. All individuals will be genotyped on about 1000 genetic markers, and this will be used for performing an extensive QTL-analysis in order to find new loci and alleles associated with personalities and coping patterns.
|
[
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
DE 102008044453 A
|
Online-shop operating method for purchasing goods, involves assigning controlling unit to server, which records input entry, output entry and purchasing entry that are accumulated in frame of communication between client computer and server
|
The method involves assigning decision logic (1) to a server. A shopping basket value (A), offering costs (B), acceptance probability (C) and probability for a purchase failure (D) are determined as input parameters, where the decision logic calculates an excepted benefit. A positive excepted benefit is provided to customer. A controlling unit is assigned to the server, which records an input entry, output entry and a purchasing entry that are accumulated in a frame of communication between a client computer and the server.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.017
|
A mineralogical and organic geochemical overview of the effects of Holocene changes in Amazon River flow on three floodplain lakes
|
A synthesis of the impacts of the Amazon River hydrological changes on the sedimentation process of organic matter (OM) in three different floodplain lakes (Santa Ninha, Maracá, and Comprido lakes) is presented in this study. Today the Santa Ninha and Maracá lakes are directly and permanently connected with the main channel of the Amazon River, in contrast to Comprido Lake, which is indirectly and periodically influenced by the Amazon River due to its greater distance from the main channel. All three lake sediment records showed a reduced river inflow due to dry climatic conditions during the early and middle Holocene followed by an increased fluvial input during the wetter late Holocene. In Santa Ninha and Maraca Lakes, the reduced river inflow period was recorded by sediments with a low abundance of smectite (on average ~20wt. %), a clay mineral mainly transported by the fluvial system, high total organic carbon (TOC) contents (on average ~8. 2wt. %), and a predominantly acidic soil OM input evidenced by high concentrations (on average 180μggTOC-1) of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT). During the late Holocene, a higher smectite abundance (on average ~43 wt. %) and a lower TOC content (on average ~1. 4 wt. %) pointed to greater dilution by riverine lithogenic matter. This change was accompanied by a proportional increase in the aquatically produced crenarchaeol, suggesting a higher lake water level. In Comprido Lake, a sedimentation gap occurred during the early and middle Holocene. The wetter late Holocene, since 3000calyears BP, was characterized by high TOC values (on average ~9wt. %) and a sharp increase in soil OM input as recorded by an increase in branched GDGT concentrations (on average ~81μggTOC-1), but the smectite content was low (on average ~14%). This combination suggests that the soil OM input to Comprido Lake from the local catchment area became dominant during the wet-climate late Holocene due to the large distance of the lake from the Amazon River main channel. Consequently, our study shows that the sedimentation processes of OM in Amazonian floodplain lakes were strongly influenced by variations in the hydrodynamic regime of the Amazon River during the Holocene. However, the impacts of the variations on the three floodplain lakes were different depending on the distance of each lake from the main channel of the Amazon River.
|
[
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1039/C3SC52409D
|
Asymmetric Addition Of Chiral Boron Ate Complexes To Cyclic Iminium Ions
|
Boron-ate complexes derived from enantioenriched secondary benzylic boronic esters and aryl lithiums have been reacted with quinolinium, pyridinium and dihydroisoquinolinium salts to give enantioenriched heterocyclic structures with very high diastereocontrol over two contiguous stereogenic centres (87:13–99:1 dr; >95:5 es). The salts were derived from the corresponding heterocycle and Troc-Cl or dimethylTroc-Cl. In the case of the quinolinium and pyridinium salts, the presence of a 3-carboxyamide group increased both reactivity and diastereoselectivity. The unusually high diastereoselectivity observed is thought to originate from strong cation–π interactions between the cationic heterocycle and the electron rich benzylic boronate complex with minimisation of steric interactions between the substituents on the ate complex and the non-planar substituents on the heterocycle.
|
[
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
259550
|
Expressive Shape: Intuitive Creative and Optimization of 3D Geometry
|
We propose radically new concepts for creating digital and real shapes with the help of computers, considering characteristics of human perception, cognition, and established workflows in art and design. Traditionally, real objects were created and optimized based directly on their visual impression. With the introduction of CAD/CAM, this immediate feedback has been lost, replaced by an engineering pipeline that capitalizes on mathematical representations and accurate machining. We believe to have identified the fundamental problems in this process, and propose research that leads to tools that support creation of shapes by humans and for humans.
The research is concerned with data structures and algorithms that support the optimization of virtual and real shapes so that they possess and clearly convey desired features. This will lead to user interfaces for shape design based on features that humans understand and already use for communication. It will also lead to techniques that optimize the geometry of shapes so that the desired features stand out in likely viewing and illumination conditions. We will further extend the optimization to include the illumination, opening up an entirely new way to create the visual world around us.
While the research is primarily concerned with geometry, it relies on results in perception, cognitive science, mathematics, and other disciplines, and by means of cross-pollination might lead to fruitful insights across the boundaries of computer science. The resulting tools will help making digital shapes a commodity, with effects on markets, industry, and society similar to what we have experienced for digital music or images.
|
[
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1038/nphys3828
|
Physical determinants of the self-replication of protein fibrils
|
The ability of biological molecules to replicate themselves is the foundation of life, requiring a complex cellular machinery. However, a range of aberrant processes involve the self-replication of pathological protein structures without any additional assistance. One example is the autocatalytic generation of pathological protein aggregates, including amyloid fibrils, involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we use computer simulations to identify the necessary requirements for the self-replication of fibrillar assemblies of proteins. We establish that a key physical determinant for this process is the affinity of proteins for the surfaces of fibrils. We find that self-replication can take place only in a very narrow regime of inter-protein interactions, implying a high level of sensitivity to system parameters and experimental conditions. We then compare our theoretical predictions with kinetic and biosensor measurements of fibrils formed from the Aβ peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease. Our results show a quantitative connection between the kinetics of self-replication and the surface coverage of fibrils by monomeric proteins. These findings reveal the fundamental physical requirements for the formation of supra-molecular structures able to replicate themselves, and shed light on mechanisms in play in the proliferation of protein aggregates in nature.
|
[
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
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