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10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5380 | DEL-1 restrains osteoclastogenesis and inhibits inflammatory bone loss in nonhuman primates | DEL-1 (developmental endothelial locus-1) is an endothelial cell-secreted protein that regulates LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) integrin-dependent leukocyte recruitment and inflammation in various tissues. We identified a novel regulatory mechanism of DEL-1 in osteoclast biology. Specifically, we showed that DEL-1 is expressed by human and mouse osteoclasts and regulates their differentiation and resorptive function. Mechanistically, DEL-1 inhibited the expression of NFATc1, a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, in a Mac-1 integrin- dependentmanner. In vivo mechanistic analysis has dissociated the anti-inflammatory from the anti-bone-resorptive action of DEL-1 and identified structural components thereof mediating these distinct functions. Locally administered human DEL-1 blocked inflammatory periodontal bone loss in nonhuman primates-a relevantmodel of human periodontitis. The ability of DEL-1 to regulate both upstream (inflammatory cell recruitment) and downstream (osteoclastogenesis) events that lead to inflammatory bone loss paves the way to a new class of endogenous therapeutics for treating periodontitis and perhaps other inflammatory disorders. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
2728695 | Early detection and progress monitoring and prediction of corrosion in aeronautic al alloys through calibrated ultrasonic corrosion sensors application | Corrosion is a dynamic process in which propagation rate remains difficult to predict and varies depending on the type of corrosion occurring (pitting, intergranular, exfoliation,filiform, corrosion-fatigue and SCC). Currently, the presence of corrosion damages may be detected by means of NDT. However, corrosion initiation and mechanism behind the defect cannot be distinguished by currently used methods. As consequence, an early detection of corrosion is not done and corrective actions are only performed when become relevant (cracks, loss of thickness). Therefore, aircraft industry needs sensors able to detect both corrosion initiation and its propagation. Combined with predictive models, it will allow forecasting how damage progresses when paint is degraded.
The main objective of U-CROSS is to design, develop and validate the application of ultrasonic corrosion sensors (UCS), combining passive (Acoustic Emission) and active (Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Testing) types, for corrosion monitoring, enabling them for real time detection of early stages of localized corrosion as well as for monitoring the progress of damages with time.
A well-defined strategy will be followed to validate its implementation by the development of “model witness blocks” to calibrate sensors, taking into account the intrinsic features of each corrosion mechanism. A thorough selection of the UCSs to be used as cumulative and real-time monitoring will be done depending on corrosion mechanism, and tests will be performed on several indoor and outdoor test rigs.
The project will also provide a software tool (wizard type) to enable end-users to design and use sensors and to predict the number of cycles before critical damage occurs.
3 research organisations, 1 NADCAP accredited SME for testing painted parts and 1 European leader in UCSs manufacturing and ultrasonic inspection join forces in U-CROSS to achieve these ambitious objectives, which will guarantee the future commercialization of the result. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkw385 | Peptiderive server: derive peptide inhibitors from protein-protein interactions | The Rosetta Peptiderive protocol identifies, in a given structure of a protein-protein interaction, the linear polypeptide segment suggested to contribute most to binding energy. Interactions that feature a 'hot segment', a linear peptide with significant binding energy compared to that of the complex, may be amenable for inhibition and the peptide sequence and structure derived from the interaction provide a starting point for rational drug design. Here we present a web server for Peptiderive, which is incorporated within the ROSIE web interface for Rosetta protocols. A new feature of the protocol also evaluates whether derived peptides are good candidates for cyclization. Fast computation times and clear visualization allow users to quickly assess the interaction of interest. The Peptiderive server is available for free use at http://rosie. rosettacommons. org/peptiderive. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2028961894 | Racial and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Black and White Youth: An Examination of the Mediating Effects of Family Structure, Stress and Support | Stress research shows that race, socioeconomic status (SES), and family context significantly impact an adolescent's psychological well-being, yet little is known about the mediating effects of family context on racial and SES differences in depressive symptoms among Black and White youth. We investigate these associations using a sample of 875 (45% female) from a South Florida community-based study of youth mostly between the ages of 19 and 21. Ordinary least squares (OLS) analyses find that Blacks and lower SES youth have more depressive symptoms than Whites and those in higher SES families. Racial disparities are partially mediated by family related stressors and SES differences are fully explained by family stressors and emotional support. We also find that emotional family support conditions the relationship between race and depressive symptoms such that Whites experience more depressive symptoms at lower levels of emotional support but Blacks have more symptoms at higher levels. The findings highlight the importance of identifying factors within the family context that influence a youth's psychological well-being and ability to cope with adversities. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W4211263703 | Abric de la Ratlla del Bubo (Crevillent, Alicante). Resultados de las campañas de 1986-1991. Nuevos datos sobre su secuencia paleolítica | El Abric de la Ratlla del Bubo (Crevillent, Alicante) es uno de los yacimientos clave para el conocimiento del Paleolítico superior en el área central del Mediterráneo ibérico, especialmente en lo que a sus fases iniciales se refiere. El yacimiento ha sido objeto de varias intervenciones arqueológicas, tanto clandestinas como científicas. Sin embargo, hasta este trabajo, la información disponible era parcial y, en muchos casos, remitía a materiales sin referencia estratigráfica. En este estudio se exponen los resultados del análisis del material lítico, del registro vegetal y de la fauna recuperada en las campañas de 1986 a 1991. Además, se presenta una amplia serie de dataciones radiocarbónicas por AMS. A partir de toda esta información, ha sido posible establecer la secuencia de ocupación de los cuatro niveles a techo de la estratigrafía del abrigo excavados durante las campañas a estudio. Los tres niveles inferiores documentados, a partir de la tecno-tipología lítica y la cronología, han podido ser definidos y relacionados con el tecnocomplejo Gravetiense. El nivel superior carece de datación 14C y ha presentado mayor dificultad de adscripción; las características del material lítico nos llevan a relacionarlo con ocupaciones del Solútreo-gravetiense. Por otro lado, una parte fundamental del trabajo son los resultados del análisis de los restos arqueobotánicos y faunísticos que son coherentes con la propuesta secuencial y permiten comprender de forma precisa la ocupación humana de la zona, además de la utilización de los recursos durante el Gravetiense y el Solútreo-gravetiense. Uno de los resultados de mayor relevancia del trabajo es que la secuencia de ocupación planteada modifica la adscripción preliminar realizada a principios de los años noventa del siglo XX. El estudio permitirá mejorar la información disponible hasta ahora para el Paleolítico superior inicial en la fachada mediterránea ibérica y, especialmente, en su área central. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2901801939 | Vegetation Optical Depth and Soil Moisture Retrieval Using L-Band Radiometry Over the Entire Growing Season of a Winter Wheat Stand | This paper describes the first results of a field experiment conducted at the Selhausen remote sensing field laboratory (Germany) over the entire growing season of a winter wheat. Brightness temperature measurements were performed with the passive microwave L-band radiometer ELBARA-II. The data were collected above two different footprints within a homogeneous winter wheat stand in order to disentangle between the radiation originating from the soil and the radiation originating from the vegetation. In a first step, the brightness temperature $(T_{\mathrm{B}})$ data collected above the first plot with the soil surface covered by a metal grid (i.e., blocking the radiations from the ground) were used to retrieve the vegetation optical depth ( $\tau$ ). In a second step, $T_{\mathrm{B}}$ data collected above the second plot without the metal grid on the soil surface were used to retrieve the soil surface moisture using several inverse modeling approaches. All modeling investigations were performed with the simple zero-order $\tau-\omega$ model. The results show that using $\tau$ data derived from the first plot as a priori information, which showed to be time, polarization, and angle dependent, allows us to improve the soil moisture retrieval, due to a better representation of the vegetation canopy effect on the measured $T_{\mathrm{B}}$ . Furthermore, the correlations between $\tau$ and different vegetation indices were analyzed and highlight the potential of $\tau$ in terms of vegetation monitoring for, e.g., all-weather measurements compared to optical measurements. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2260312074 | Experimental Evaluation of Shear Strength of an Innovative Splice for Prestressed Precast Concrete Girders | AbstractThis paper describes shear laboratory testing of a joint design for spliced, prestressed precast I-girders. Although the connection is not intended to be placed at locations of high shear, the potential for shear-type failures was investigated. Shear testing of the spliced beam specimens is described and behavior is compared with calculated strength. The location of the unbonded strand was shown to affect the failure behavior. In the one specimen that did exhibit the characteristics of a shear failure, the vertical interface of the dry joint/closure pour was the location of failure. The ultimate shear capacity of the spliced specimens exceeded the calculated shear strength calculated per modified compression field theory and per the traditional simplified provisions. All specimens demonstrated flexural capacity exceeding calculated values, assuming an either bonded or unbonded strand. A companion paper describes flexural static and fatigue laboratory testing of the new connection. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4973520 | Dual Phase Grating Interferometer For Tunable Dark Field Sensitivity | Hard X-ray dark-field and phase contrast imaging using grating interferometry have shown great potential for medical and industrial applications. However, the wide spread applicability of the method is challenged by a number of technical related issues such as relatively low dose and flux efficiency due to the absorption grating, fabrication of high quality absorption gratings, slow data acquisition protocol and high mechanical stability requirements. In this paper, the authors propose an interferometric method for dark-field and differential phase contrast imaging based on phase shifting elements only with the purpose to improve the dose and flux efficiency and simplify the setup. The proposed interferometer consists of two identical phase gratings of small pitch (1. 3 μm), which generate an interference fringe at the detector plane with a large enough pitch that can be resolved directly. In particular, the system exhibits flexible and tunable dark-field sensitivity which is advantageous to probe unresolvable micro-structure in the sample. Experiments on a micro focal tube validated the method and demonstrated the versatility and tunability of the system compared to conventional Talbot grating interferometer. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
281422 | Toward Eco-Evolutionary Models for BIODiversity Scenarios | Given the contemporary biodiversity crisis, effective conservation strategies that offset the threats to ecosystem integrity are crucial for maintaining biodiversity. The development of sound biodiversity scenarios is thus a major challenge for the scientific community. However, current biodiversity models rarely incorporate recent advances in ecological and evolutionary theory like: (i) how evolution shapes species’ niches and ranges; (ii) how community assembly rules shape species' ranges; and (iii) how these two processes interact to drive the response of populations and communities to environmental changes. Since the considered processes act on the opposing ends of an organisational hierarchy, they have rarely been combined and no model integrating all these processes yet exists. The task of bridging the gap between local processes and macroecological species range dynamics is to build upon theoretical and empirical approaches from evolutionary ecology and community ecology, to extract the processes relevant for higher-scale dynamics and to account for their interactions to generate biodiversity scenarios and associated services.
The key-idea of the proposed project TEEMBIO is thus to fill this gap through four interrelated research axes:
1- Improve our understanding on how evolution shapes species ranges at micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.
2- Improve our understanding on how community assembly rules shape biodiversity and species.
3- Develop, analyze and parameterize comprehensive projection tools (EEM-models) that incorporate both evolutionary dynamics and community assembly rules to predict global change impacts on biodiversity.
4- Develop a set of quantitative scenarios of plant biodiversity and associated ecosystem services using two case studies (forest in European Alps and grasslands in French Alps) with a comprehensive assessment of protected area networks | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/202037690 | Synthetic Observations Of Spiral Arm Tracers Of A Simulated Milky Way Analog | Context: The Faraday rotation measure (RM) is often used to study the magnetic field strength and orientation within the ionized medium of the Milky Way. Observations indicate a RM in the spiral arms that exceeds the commonly assumed range. This raises the question of under what conditions spiral arms create such strong RM. Aims: We investigate the effect of spiral arms on Galactic RMs through shock compression of the interstellar medium (ISM). It has recently been suggested that the Sagittarius spiral arm creates a strong peak in RM where the line of sight (LOS) is tangent to the arm, and that enhanced RM follows along an intersecting LOS. We seek to understand the physical conditions that give rise to this effect and the role of viewing geometry. Methods: We apply a MHD simulation of the multi-phase ISM in a Milky Way type spiral galaxy disk in combination with radiative transfer to evaluate different tracers of spiral arm structures. For observers embedded in the disk, dust intensity, synchrotron emission and the kinematics of molecular gas observations are derived to identify spiral arm tangents. RMs are calculated through the disk and evaluated for different observer positions. The observer's perspective is related to the parameters of the local bubble surrounding the observer. Results: We reproduce a scattering of tangent points for different tracers of about $6^\circ$ per spiral arm similar to the Milky Way. As for the RM, the model shows that compression of the ISM and associated amplification of the magnetic field in spiral arms enhances RM by a few hundred rad $m^{-2}$ on top of the mean contribution of the disk. The arm-inter-arm contrast in RM along the LOS is approximately 10 in the inner Galaxy, fading to ~2 in the outer Galaxy. We identify a shark-fin like pattern in the RM Milky Way observations as well as the synthetic data that is characteristic for spiral arms. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/ncb2999 | Reconstitution of a hierarchical +TIP interaction network controlling microtubule end tracking of dynein | Growing microtubule end regions recruit a variety of proteins collectively termed +TIPs, which confer local functions to the microtubule cytoskeleton. +TIPs form dynamic interaction networks whose behaviour depends on a number of potentially competitive and hierarchical interaction modes. The rules that determine which of the various +TIPs are recruited to the limited number of available binding sites at microtubule ends remain poorly understood. Here we examined how the human dynein complex, the main minus-end-directed motor and an important +TIP (refs,), is targeted to growing microtubule ends in the presence of different +TIP competitors. Using a total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy-based reconstitution assay, we found that a hierarchical recruitment mode targets the large dynactin subunit p150Glued to growing microtubule ends via EB1 and CLIP-170 in the presence of competing SxIP-motif-containing peptides. We further show that the human dynein complex is targeted to growing microtubule ends through an interaction of the tail domain of dynein with p150Glued. Our results highlight how the connectivity and hierarchy within dynamic +TIP networks are orchestrated. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2095067953 | Managing Information for a Risk Based Approach to Stakeholder Management | This paper proposes a risk based approach in order to obtain a quantitative estimate of the salience of the stakeholders involved in a project. The integration between stakeholders and risk management processes in the Project Management System allows us to realize a twofold objective: a quantitative estimate of the salience of each stakeholder in terms of the contribution to the overall project riskiness and an identification of the most effective responses as a function of the dynamics of the risks generated by each stakeholder. The proposed approach has been applied to an international project concerning the building of a pipe line. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.014 | Enhanced exciton harvesting in a planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic device by solvent vapor annealing | The singlet exciton diffusion length was measured in a small molecule electron donor material DR3TBDTT using fluorescence quenching at a planar interface with a cross-linked fullerene derivative. The one-dimensional exciton diffusion length was increased from ~16 to ~24 nm by annealing the film in carbon disulfide solvent vapor. Planar heterojunction solar cells were fabricated using bilayers of these materials and it was found that solvent vapor annealing increased the short circuit current density by 46%. This can be explained by improved exciton harvesting in the annealed bilayer. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2903654494 | The Influence of Dust and Black Carbon on Clouds, in Africa | The aerosol can change the clouds properties; the clouds, however, affect the normal behavior of aerosol optical depth. Considerable effects arise while the interaction of aerosol and clouds unavoidably encounters the presence of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere. This research discusses the influence of two selected aerosol types, on the clouds in Africa, over the selected sub-time series in the years 1980-2018. Sahara desert’s dust is mainly constituted by hematite minerals; which, in return, is mainly composed by the iron oxides, a powerful solar and infra-red radiation absorbing matter and thus a strong and direct radiative forcing agent. For that reason, together with the fact that it is windblown over the biggest region that surrounds the desert, dust is one of the strongly considered aerosol in this research. Besides, black carbon (BC), mostly from the anthropogenic biomass burning process in the mid latitude’s African savanna, is the second aerosol type selected for this research: it is one of the abundantly available aerosol types and it is one of the strongest atmospheric radiant energy absorbers. For sake of valid and trustworthy results, the data is collected from multiple satellite remote sensing tools and instruments, all targeting the aerosol-cloud interaction and effects. In this research, different measurements were carried out; those are the spatiotemporal averaged cloud cover, the aerosol (dust and BC) extinction optical thickness (AOT), the anomaly of aerosol optical depth (AAOD) as well as different scatter plots’ correlation analysis. For findings: the direct influence of hydrophilic BC on clouds formation in central African sub-region is experimentally demonstrated; the dust aerosol highly influences the North African sub-region’s cloud formation. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.195 | RECIST-learning from the past to build the future | Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) remain an integral part of the assessment of tumour burden in many clinical trials in oncology; these criteria are used to evaluate the activity and efficacy of new cancer therapeutics in solid tumours. We aim to define the purpose of RECIST, and reflect on the level of documentation needed to enable changes for these criteria to develop a new RECIST. Maintaining the applicability of RECIST as a standard evaluation approach is associated with many challenges, in particular with maintaining a balance between the specificity and generalizability, continued validation and innovation, and use of RECIST in early phase versus late-phase drug development, as well as its relevance in clinical trials versus clinical practice. Key questions relate to different modes of actions of new classes of treatments and new imaging modalities; thus, the RECIST Working Group remains committed to maintain RECIST as a standard for the oncology community. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.jas.2013.01.025 | Ochre resources from the Middle Stone Age sequence of Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa | Although no paintings are associated with archaeological contexts before the end of the Middle Stone Age, hundreds of ochre pieces were discovered on numerous southern African sites suggesting a lasting tradition of ochre use. The variability and the significance of ochre exploitation remain however poorly documented. The MSA site of Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape Province, South Africa) offers an ideal opportunity to discuss questions of ochre procurement, processing, and use over a long sequence. This study develops an original methodology based on observations on one hand, and SEM-EDS, XRD and Raman spectrometry analyses on the other hand. By comparing raw materials with our geological database, we show that some iron-rich raw materials were collected more than 20km from the site. Such long-distance procurement combined with other elements of the overall context suggests a planning of procurement. One main chaîne opératoire based on grinding was identified at Diepkloof. In comparison with other South African sites, we observed no evidence for use as loading agent in adhesives. We conclude that ochre use may follow regional cultural patterns. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W1970087463 | A Critical Revision of the Nano-Morphology of Proton Conducting Ionomers and Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications | A few aspects of the nano-morphology of hydrated Nafion and other ionomers and polyelectrolytes in their acid form are revisited by examining the evolution of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data which are recorded for a wide range of water volume fractions (Φwater ≈ 7–56 vol%). A consistency check with the recent “parallel cylinder model” discloses that this is most likely biased by a large uncertainty of the experimentally determined water content. We rather find our data to be consistent with locally flat and narrow (around 1 nm) water domains. The formation of relatively thin water “films” is suggested to be a common feature of many ionomers and polyelectrolytes, and the underlying driving force is most likely electrostatics within these highly dissociated systems. The water films may act as a charged (e.g., with positive protonic charge carriers) “glue”, keeping together the oppositely charged polymer structures. While this interaction tends to produce flat morphologies, the formation process is suggested to be constraint by limited conformational degrees of freedom of the corresponding polymer and the interactions between polymer backbones. This may leave severe tortuosities on larger scales which depend on the sample history (including swelling, de-swelling, aging, stretching, and pressing). | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 18527208 A | Exposure apparatus and method of manufacturing device | This invention provides a positioning apparatus which can safely stop a movable body irrespective of its driving status. This invention relates to a positioning apparatus which positions a movable body (4) of an exposure apparatus and includes a driver (2) which drives the movable body (4), a power source (3) which supplies power to the driver (2), and a controller (1). The controller (1) stops the power supply from the power source (3) to the driver (2) after the elapse of a time period, which is determined in accordance with the driving status of the movable body (4) driven by the driver (2), in response to a stop instruction signal (11) which instructs to stop the driving of the movable body (4). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.006 | Vesicular Release Statistics and Unitary Postsynaptic Current at Single GABAergic Synapses | The existence of vesicular docking sites in central synapses is supported by morphological and biochemical evidence, but their functional role remains elusive. To investigate this role we have studied single depressing GABAergic synapses where multivesicular release and postsynaptic receptor saturation have been documented. We used failure/success patterns to estimate the number of vesicular docking sites, which varied from one to six among synapses. Variations of docking site numbers account for differences in release probability, as well as in the amplitude and decay kinetics of unitary postsynaptic currents. Upon repetitive stimulation, decreasing docking site occupancy likewise accounts for changes both in presynaptic and postsynaptic parameters. Finally steady-state docking site occupancy during train stimulations can be modulated by applying subthreshold presynaptic conditioning potential steps. The results suggest that differences in docking site numbers determine intersynaptic variability and that docking site occupancy is a key parameter controlling single synapse signaling. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1093/eurheartj/ehy249 | CRISPR/Cas9 editing in human pluripotent stemcell-cardiomyocytes highlights arrhythmias, hypocontractility, and energy depletion as potential therapeutic targets for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Aims Sarcomeric gene mutations frequently underlie hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a prevalent and complex condition leading to left ventricle thickening and heart dysfunction. We evaluated isogenic genome-edited human pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CM) for their validity to model, and add clarity to, HCM. Methods and results CRISPR/Cas9 editing produced 11 variants of the HCM-causing mutation c. C9123T-MYH7 [(p. R453C-b-myosin heavy chain (MHC)] in 3 independent hPSC lines. Isogenic sets were differentiated to hPSC-CMs for highthroughput, non-subjective molecular and functional assessment using 12 approaches in 2D monolayers and/or 3D engineered heart tissues. Although immature, edited hPSC-CMs exhibited the main hallmarks of HCM (hypertrophy, multi-nucleation, hypertrophic marker expression, sarcomeric disarray). Functional evaluation supported the energy depletion model due to higher metabolic respiration activity, accompanied by abnormalities in calcium handling, arrhythmias, and contraction force. Partial phenotypic rescue was achieved with ranolazine but not omecamtiv mecarbil, while RNAseq highlighted potentially novel molecular targets. Conclusion Our holistic and comprehensive approach showed that energy depletion affected core cardiomyocyte functionality. The engineered R453C-bMHC-mutation triggered compensatory responses in hPSC-CMs, causing increased ATP production and aMHC to energy-efficient bMHC switching. We showed that pharmacological rescue of arrhythmias was possible, while MHY7: MYH6 and mutant: wild-type MYH7 ratios may be diagnostic, and previously undescribed lncRNAs and gene modifiers are suggestive of new mechanisms. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
294519 | Practical statistical approaches for addressing replicability problems in life sciences | Lack of replicability of scientific discoveries has surfaced too often in recent years, and even reached the attention of the general public. An ignored cause is the inappropriate statistical treatment of two statistical problems: (1) selective inference, manifested in selecting few promising leads following the statistical analysis of the potential many, where ignoring the selection process on estimates, confidence intervals and observed significance; (2) using too optimistic a yardstick of variation with which confidence intervals set and statistical significance of the potential discovery is judged, as a result of ignoring the variability between laboratories and subjects. The first problem becomes more serious as the pool of potential discoveries increases, the second paradoxically becomes more serious as measuring ability improves, which explain why the two problems are more prominent in recent years. Both problems have statistical solutions, but the solutions are not practical as they burden the analysis to a point where the power to discover new findings is exceedingly low. Therefore, unless required by regulating agencies, scientists tend to avoid using these solutions.
I propose to develop methods that address such replicablity problems specific to medical research, epidemiology, genomics, brain research, and behavioral neuroscience. The methods include (a) new hierarchical weighted procedures, and model selection methods, that control the false discovery rate in testing; (b) shorter confidence intervals that offer false coverage-statement rate for the selected, both addressing the concern about selective inference; and (c) a compromise between using random effects models for the laboratories and subjects and treating them as fixed, to be aided by multiple laboratory database in behavior genetics and neuroscience. By serving the exact needs of scientists, while avoiding excessive protection, I expect the offered methodologies to become widely adapted. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1088/1468-6996/16/4/043501 | A Meta Analysis Of The Mechanical Properties Of Ice Templated Ceramics And Metals | Ice templating, also known as freeze casting, is a popular shaping route for macroporous materials. Over the past 15 years, it has been widely applied to various classes of materials, and in particular ceramics. Many formulation and process parameters, often interdependent, affect the outcome. It is thus difficult to understand the various relationships between these parameters from isolated studies where only a few of these parameters have been investigated. We report here the results of a meta analysis of the structural and mechanical properties of ice templated materials from an exhaustive collection of records. We use these results to identify which parameters are the most critical to control the structure and properties, and to derive guidelines to optimize the mechanical response of ice templated materials. We hope these results will be a helpful guide to anyone interested in such materials. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
758604 | Enhancing brain function and cognition via artificial entrainment of neural oscillations | Neural oscillations are ubiquitous in the human brain and have been implicated in diverse cognitive functions to support both neural communication and plasticity. Their functional relevance is further supported by a large number of studies linking various cognitive deficits (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) with abnormal neural oscillations. However, this field of research faces two important problems: First, there is only correlative, but no causal evidence linking cognitive deficits to abnormal neural oscillations in humans. Second, there is virtually no theory-driven mechanistic approach that generates insights into how oscillations within and across neural networks are linked to human behavior. In this project, I propose to take decisive steps to provide a long-needed neurophysiological characterization—via (1) computational modelling, (2) electrophysiological measures, and (3) novel non-invasive manipulations of cortical rhythms—on how neural oscillations contribute to two types of cognitive processes that are fundamental for many aspects of human behavior: attention and short-term memory. I will go a step further by demonstrating that it is possible to augment performance in these cognitive functions with the design of non-invasive brain stimulation protocols individually tailored to the theory-driven neurocomputational characterizations and electrophysiological signatures of each individual. This will result in the applied goal of deriving new neuro-computational assays that can detect deviant network interactions causally related to cognitive functions, which is key for then renormalizing those functions in neuropsychological conditions such as ADHD. Thus, if successful, my proposed work will ultimately result in novel, low-cost, and painless non-invasive neural interventions for a wide range of neuropsychological disorders tied to abnormal neural oscillations. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1109/PTC.2015.7232799 | Coordinated Frequency And Voltage Overload Control Of Smart Transformers | A Smart Transformer (ST) is a power electronics-based transformer that aims not only to substitute the traditional transformer but to upgrade also the LV and MV grid. In order to limit the costs, the ST must be carefully designed, constraining the current carried by the ST. In this paper a Combined Frequency and Voltage Controller is proposed, in order to manage a possible overload without derating the ST. Aiming to reduce the current, this control enhances the ST security against the overload situation interacting with the local Distributed Generation (DG) and the local loads. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
222761 | Swine diseases field diagnostics toolbox | The increased population density in modern animal production systems has made them vulnerable to various transboundary infectious agents & diseases. During the last decades in the developed world, a reduction in the direct burden of livestock diseases has been observed, because of more effective drugs & vaccines. However, the total impact may actually be increasing, because in a highly-interconnected world, the effects of diseases extend far beyond animal sickness & mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis and establishment of reliable countermeasures to infectious disease outbreaks is essential to limit severe biophysical and socio-economic consequences.
To date, the time between initial disease outbreak and laboratory confirmation of the etiologic infectious agent can be up to several weeks. Reliable & simple diagnostic testing directly on site would enable rapid local decision making, which is crucial to prevent further spreading of the disease.
Silicon-based Photonic Integrated Circuits (PIC) have been demonstrated as a powerful platform for biosensing systems. In combination with integrated monoclonal antibodies, they can provide portable multiplex detection of proteins with sensitivity & specificity previously not realized. SWINOSTICS addresses the sector needs, by developing a novel field diagnostic device, based on advanced, proven, bio-sensing technologies to tackle viruses causing epidemics in swine farms and leading to relevant economic damages, complying to the objectives of the STAR-IDAZ. The diagnostic device will allow threat assessment at the farm level, with the analytical quality of commercial laboratories. The device will be developed for a panel of 6 important swine diseases. The device will be portable & will provide results in 10 minutes for 5 samples simultaneously, making it highly suitable for field use. It is based on 3 lab-verified concepts: a) PIC technology, b) Label-free optical detection, c) patented nano-deposition technology. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W4313257699 | Metropolitan Research: Methodes and Approaches. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, | quel impact sur la transformation et la valorisation territoriales? | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
175043 | Interethnic relationships in contemporary communities: how does ethnoracial diversity affect in- and out-group trust, solidarity, and cooperation | The increasingly multiethnic nature of modern societies has spurred academic interest in the consequences of diversity. Recent scholarship has linked ethnoracial diversity to undesirable collective outcomes, e.g., low levels of trust, civic engagement, and social capital. These findings have important policy implications, in part because they resonate with public anxieties about immigration, residential integration, and the role of the welfare state. The proposed research will investigate the micro-mechanisms through which contact promotes or impedes solidarity and cooperation in diverse communities. More generally, this research moves beyond communitarian conceptions of social capital to understand the building blocks of solidarity in contemporary, diverse societies.
To investigate the micro-level dynamics that link intergroup contact to solidarity and cooperation, this project takes an innovative field-experimental approach, which moves beyond observational data. In particular, the project uses lab-in-the-field experimental games to assess the dispositional mechanisms – such as generalized altruism, group solidarity, reciprocity, and sanctioning – that bring about solidarity and cooperation in various group settings.
This revised version of the proposal addresses all the panel observations and implements changes accordingly. First, I have limited the research to project 3 (P3), and cut projects 1 (P1) and 2 (P2). Second, the duration of the project has been reduced to 48 months. Third, all expenses related to P1 and P2 have been cut. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.01.002 | Novel genetic and epigenetic factors of importance for inter-individual differences in drug disposition, response and toxicity | Individuals differ substantially in their response to pharmacological treatment. Personalized medicine aspires to embrace these inter-individual differences and customize therapy by taking a wealth of patient-specific data into account. Pharmacogenomic constitutes a cornerstone of personalized medicine that provides therapeutic guidance based on the genomic profile of a given patient. Pharmacogenomics already has applications in the clinics, particularly in oncology, whereas future development in this area is needed in order to establish pharmacogenomic biomarkers as useful clinical tools. In this review we present an updated overview of current and emerging pharmacogenomic biomarkers in different therapeutic areas and critically discuss their potential to transform clinical care. Furthermore, we discuss opportunities of technological, methodological and institutional advances to improve biomarker discovery. We also summarize recent progress in our understanding of epigenetic effects on drug disposition and response, including a discussion of the only few pharmacogenomic biomarkers implemented into routine care. We anticipate, in part due to exciting rapid developments in Next Generation Sequencing technologies, machine learning methods and national biobanks, that the field will make great advances in the upcoming years towards unlocking the full potential of genomic data. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2791062283 | Origin of enhanced catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction on zirconium oxynitrides: A first-principle study | Abstract To clarify the origin of the enhanced catalytic activity of zirconium oxynitrides, the first-principle calculation method is carried out to study the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on monoclinic ZrO 2 and cubic Zr 2 ON 2 (011) surfaces. The relation of the d -orbital occupation of nonequivalence Zr atoms and the electron transfer between ORR intermediates and nonequivalence Zr atoms and the mechanism of ORR on the both (011) surfaces are investigated. The calculated results show that the d -orbital occupation of nonequivalence Zr atoms on cubic Zr 2 ON 2 (011) surface is 32.60, which is higher than that on monoclinic ZrO 2 (011) surface (30.00). The mechanism of ORR on cubic Zr 2 ON 2 (011) surface is a “dissociative mechanism”, whereas that on monoclinic ZrO 2 (011) surface is an “associative mechanism”. Compared to monoclinic ZrO 2 (011) surface, the enhanced catalytic activity of the ORR on cubic Zr 2 ON 2 (011) surface is associated with the increase of electron transfer and the change of ORR mechanism, which is caused by the increase of the d -orbital occupation of its nonequivalence Zr atoms. Moreover, the Gibbs free energy calculated results show that the desorption process of OH ⁎ on both (011) surfaces is the rate-limiting step of ORR. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
1262292 | Ice core dating tools revisited to infer the dynamic of glacial – interglacial transitions over the last 1.5 million years | The Quaternary period (last 2600 thousands of years, hereafter ka) is the ideal period to evaluate our understanding of climate processes with general circulation models (GCM) used for prediction of future climate. During this period, the largest climate changes are glacial – interglacial transitions, hereafter terminations, the last termination being a classical benchmark for GCM. The rhythm of terminations changed from a world associated with a 40 ka periodicity to a world associated with a 100 ka glacial – interglacial periodicity between 1250 and 700 ka. The cause for this transition is a long debated question highlighting that the causes and mechanisms of terminations are still poorly understood. The timing and amplitudes of terminations indeed result from multiple influences of insolation forcing, ice sheet size, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration as well as shorter (millennial) scale climate variability. The big challenge of ICORDA consists in solving major puzzles on the mechanisms of terminations by deciphering these different influences using two key Antarctic ice core records: EPICA Dome C covering the last 800 ka and an ice core to be drilled in the coming years and covering the last 1500 ka. While ice cores provide unique continuous and high resolution climatic and GHG records, they are still too poorly dated on long timescales to address the aforementioned challenge. ICORDA aims at rethinking the way ice core chronology is built for decreasing drastically the associated uncertainties. This will be done by (1) developing a mechanistic approach for the interpretation of isotopic tracers used for ice core dating and (2) combining numerous low to mid latitude ice core tracers to provide a global picture of climate change during terminations. The strategy involves interdisciplinarity between climate, geochemistry, ecophysiology and innovative instrumental developments as well as field, laboratory experiments and modeling. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2225313598 | Single-port sleeve gastrectomy, a valuable procedure in the treatment of morbidly obese patients | Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has recently been proposed as a sole bariatric procedure because of the considerable weight loss that is achieved in morbidly obese patients. Single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has recently gained acceptance in bariatric surgery as the procedure has possible benefits. The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a laparoscopic single-incision sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. Patients and methods From January 2011 to March 2014, single-port laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy through a special single-port silicon device that is flexible and reusable with a novel method for liver retraction was performed on 30 consecutive morbidly obese patients enrolled from Ain Shams University hospitals. The patients were 22 women (73.3%) and eight men (26.7%), mean age 31 years (range: 23-45) years. The patients recruited in this study had a mean BMI of 41.3 kg/m 2 (range: 35-45) kg/m 2 . The operative technique, operative time, postoperative hospital stay, and early and late postoperative complications were monitored, and the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), which was measured at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, was determined. Results A total of 30 single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies were performed. The procedure was performed successfully in 27 patients (90%), with three conversions (10%) to traditional laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The mean operative time was 92 min (range: 80-135) min, whereas the mean hospital stay was 2.4 days (range: 2-4) days. In terms of morbidities, there were six cases of vomiting (20%), one case of wound infection (3.3%), and two cases of incisional hernia (6.6%). The %EWL was 26, 38.3, and 61.43 at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. There were no mortalities in our study. Conclusion Laparoscopic single-incision sleeve gastrectomy seems to be safe, technically feasible, and reproducible. Our technique for liver retraction provides adequate exposure. However, additional work must be carried out before these techniques achieve the level of standardization. More flexible articulating instruments, high-illumination, high-magnification, flexible endoscopes, and free-standing insertable retractors need to be developed. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 2013/0050939 W | ADAPTIVE ACCESS POINT DATABASE MANAGEMENT | Method and system for providing information of an access point database are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of providing information of an access point database comprises receiving a request to access an access point database from a mobile client, generating a segment of the access point database in accordance with at least an application requirement of the mobile client, and providing the segment of the access point database to the mobile client. The application requirement of the mobile client comprises precision level requested by the mobile client, and cache level of the mobile client. The method of generating a segment of the access point database comprises at least one of: generating the segment of the access point database in real-time, and providing the segment of the access point database previously generated and stored in the access point database. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevD.89.045009 | Embedding tensor of Scherk-Schwarz flux compactifications from eleven dimensions | We study the Scherk-Schwarz reduction of D=11 supergravity with background fluxes in the context of a recently developed framework pertaining to D=11 supergravity. We derive the embedding tensor of the associated four-dimensional maximal gauged theories directly from eleven dimensions by exploiting the generalized vielbein postulates, and by analyzing the couplings of the full set of 56 electric and magnetic gauge fields to the generalized vielbeine. The treatment presented here will apply more generally to other reductions of D=11 supergravity to maximal gauged theories in four dimensions. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
890810 | Aicraft design and noise rating for regional aicraft | Aicraft Design and nOise RatiNg for regiOnal aicraft.
The activities related to the ADORNO project are focused on the development of aircraft models for a regional aircraft engine platform. The main objective is to provide aircraft requirements (e.g. thrusts, offtakes, etc.) as well as trade factors for specific fuel consumption, engine drag and engine weight on fuel burn for both a year 2000 reference aircraft and a CS2 target aircraft. In addition, an aircraft noise method will be developed and integrated in an aircraft design chain.
The high-level objective of ADORNO is to allow a fast and reliable estimation of aircraft Noise and emissions in terms of CO2, NOx at different mission phases, through the implementation of a flexible aircraft model which provides requirements for the engine platform in terms of thrusts and offtakes at different power settings and flight conditions.
The ADORNO high level objective is translated into the following main technical objectives:
• To deeply apply the available MDO chain for aircraft design with integration of noise, emission and engine tools.
• To implement a flexible A/C modeller which allows an easy integration of an external engine model to obtain an efficient and cost-effective design processes.
• To implement a stand-alone tool for noise prediction which required only few inputs and could be easily customizable by users.
• To provide an emissions prediction tools which required only few inputs and could be easily customizable by users.
• To provide a concurrent design approach enhanced by integration of visualization tools to support the design team for the understanding of the product and its behavior during the design sessions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
CA 2020050405 W | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AIRWAY RESISTANCE | A device for measuring lung function parameters using quiet exhalation has a flow tube with a mouthpiece end and an outlet, a shutter covering the outlet of the flow tube, a controllable latch closing and releasing the shutter, a flow sensor for measuring flow in the flow tube following release of the shutter, a pressure sensor for measuring pressure in the flow tube prior to the release of the shutter, a latch controller connected to the pressure sensor and the controllable latch, and a check valve arranged in the flow tube or the shutter for allowing inhalation while the shutter is closed so that the device can be used throughout at least one inhalation and exhalation cycle. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/s41591-018-0165-9 | Genome editing in mitochondria corrects a pathogenic mtDNA mutation in vivo | Mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) underlie a substantial portion of mitochondrial disease burden. These disorders are currently incurable and effectively untreatable, with heterogeneous penetrance, presentation and prognosis. To address the lack of effective treatment for these disorders, we exploited a recently developed mouse model that recapitulates common molecular features of heteroplasmic mtDNA disease in cardiac tissue: the m. 5024C>T tRNAAla mouse. Through application of a programmable nuclease therapy approach, using systemically administered, mitochondrially targeted zinc-finger nucleases (mtZFN) delivered by adeno-associated virus, we induced specific elimination of mutant mtDNA across the heart, coupled to a reversion of molecular and biochemical phenotypes. These findings constitute proof of principle that mtDNA heteroplasmy correction using programmable nucleases could provide a therapeutic route for heteroplasmic mitochondrial diseases of diverse genetic origin. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2905624393 | Determinación del tiempo improductivo “Making do” y su relación con la pérdida económica en obras de Ingeniería Civil | There are different situations that generate unproductive times in Civil Engineering works, the purpose of this research is to publish about a new type of loss by flows, called Making do or “hacer por hacer”, this type of waste appears when an activity is carried out without considering all the resources that intercede for the development of this activity is carried out, that is, it is the product of poor planning.
This document has been based on the research carried out by Carlos Formoso in 2011, where he proposes a method to measure it, as well as to know its causes and possible impacts, in this way it was recorded daily the events that generate Making do through a data collection form, the study was focused on Irrigation Engineering works and drinking water, since eventually studies are carried out dedicated to building and housing works.
The results obtained show that there is a percentage due to Making do under construction and is directly related to the economic loss, however, it is minimal, but neglecting that loss could increase, causing losses for the company. The best thing then will be to know about the Making do and find a way to eradicate it from the construction industry. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
756365 | Phononic Circuits: manipulation and coherent control of phonons | In the last decades, the power to control photons and electrons paved the way for extraordinary technological developments in electronic and optoelectronic applications. The same degree of control is still lacking with quantized lattice vibrations, i.e. phonons. Phonons are the carriers of heat and sound. The understanding and ability to manipulate phonons as quantum particles in solids enable the control of coherent phonon transport, which is of fundamental interest and could also be exploited in applications. Logic operations can be realized with the manipulation of phonons both in their coherent and incoherent form in order to switch, amplify, and route signals, and to store information. If brought to a mature level, phononic devices can become complementary to the conventional electronics, opening new opportunities.
I envision to realize each part of this technology exploiting phonons and to bring them together in an integrated circuit on chip: a phononic integrated circuit. The objective of the proposal is:
A: the realization of coherent phonon source and detector;
B: the realization of phonon computation with the use of thermal logic gates;
C: the realization of phonon based quantum and thermal memories.
To this end it is crucial to engineer nanoscale heterostructures with suitable interfaces, and to engineer the phonon spectrum and the interface thermal resistance. Phonons will be launched, probed and manipulated with a combination of pump-probe experiments and resistive thermal measurements on chip.
The proposed research will be of great relevance for fundamental research as well as for technological applications in the field of sound and thermal management. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
682588 | Foundations of Factorized Data Management Systems | The objective of this project is to investigate scalability questions arising with a new wave of smart relational data management systems that integrate analytics and query processing. These questions will be addressed by a fundamental shift from centralized processing on tabular data representation, as supported by traditional systems and analytics software packages, to distributed and approximate processing on factorized data representation.
Factorized representations exploit algebraic properties of relational algebra and the structure of queries and analytics to achieve radically better data compression than generic compression schemes, while at the same time allowing processing in the compressed domain. They can effectively boost the performance of relational processing by avoiding redundant computation in the one-server setting, yet they can also be naturally exploited for approximate and distributed processing. Large relations can be approximated by their subsets and supersets, i.e., lower and upper bounds, that factorize much better than the relations themselves. Factorizing relations, which represent intermediate results shuffled between servers in distributed processing, can effectively reduce the communication cost and improve the latency of the system.
The key deliverables will be novel algorithms that combine distribution, approximation, and factorization for computing mixed loads of queries and predictive and descriptive analytics on large-scale data. This research will result in fundamental theoretical contributions, such as complexity results for large-scale processing and tractable algorithms, and also in a scalable factorized data management system that will exploit these theoretical insights. We will collaborate with industrial partners, who are committed to assist in providing datasets and realistic workloads, infrastructure for large-scale distributed systems, and support for transferring the products of the research to industrial users. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0180516 | Bayesian spatio-temporal modeling of mortality in relation to malaria incidence in Western Kenya | Introduction: The effect of malaria exposure on mortality using health facility incidence data as a measure of transmission has not been well investigated. Health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) routinely capture data on mortality, interventions and other household related indicators, offering a unique platform for estimating and monitoring the incidence-mortality relationship in space and time. Methods: Mortality data from the HDSS located in Western Kenya collected from 2007 to 2012 and linked to health facility incidence data were analysed using Bayesian spatio-temporal survival models to investigate the relation between mortality (all-cause/malaria-specific) and malaria incidence across all age groups. The analysis adjusted for insecticide-treated net (ITN) ownership, socio-economic status (SES), distance to health facilities and altitude. The estimates obtained were used to quantify excess mortality due to malaria exposure. Results: Our models identified a strong positive relationship between slide positivity rate (SPR) and all-cause mortality in young children 1-4 years (HR = 4. 29; 95% CI: 2. 78-13. 29) and all ages combined (HR = 1. 55; 1. 04-2. 80). SPR had a strong positive association with malariaspecific mortality in young children (HR = 9. 48; 5. 11-37. 94), however, in older children (5-14 years), it was associated with a reduction in malaria specific mortality (HR = 0. 02; 0. 003-0. 33). Conclusion: SPR as a measure of transmission captures well the association between malaria transmission intensity and all-cause/malaria mortality. This offers a quick and efficient way to monitor malaria burden. Excess mortality estimates indicate that small changes in malaria incidence substantially reduce overall and malaria specific mortality. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00804 | Flexible signaling of Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in immunity and inflammation | Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important sensors of self and non-self that work in concert with other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CLRs have been previously classified based on their signaling motifs as activating or inhibitory receptors. However, specific features of the ligand binding process may result in distinct signaling through a single motif, resulting in the triggering of non-canonical pathways. In addition, CLR ligands are frequently exposed in complex structures that simultaneously bind different CLRs and other PRRs, which lead to integration of heterologous signaling among diverse receptors. Herein, we will review how sensing by myeloid CLRs and crosstalk with heterologous receptors is modulated by many factors affecting their signaling and resulting in differential outcomes for immunity and inflammation. Finding common features among those flexible responses initiated by diverse CLR-ligand partners will help to harness CLR function in immunity and inflammation. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1364/OE.25.029874 | Comparison Of Nematic Liquid Crystal And Dmd Based Spatial Light Modulation In Complex Photonics | Digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) have recently emerged as practical spatial light modulators (SLMs) for applications in photonics, primarily due to their modulation rates, which exceed by several orders of magnitude those of the already well-established nematic liquid crystal (LC)-based SLMs. This, however, comes at the expense of limited modulation depth and diffraction efficiency. Here we compare the beam-shaping fidelity of both technologies when applied to light control in complex environments, including an aberrated optical system, a highly scattering layer and a multimode optical fibre. We show that, despite their binary amplitude-only modulation, DMDs are capable of higher beam-shaping fidelity compared to LC-SLMs in all considered regimes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1126/science.1226719 | A quantum delayed-choice experiment | Quantum systems exhibit particle- or wavelike behavior depending on the experimental apparatus they are confronted by. This wave-particle duality is at the heart of quantum mechanics. Its paradoxical nature is best captured in the delayed-choice thought experiment, in which a photon is forced to choose a behavior before the observer decides what to measure. Here, we report on a quantum delayed-choice experiment in which both particle and wave behaviors are investigated simultaneously. The genuinely quantum nature of the photon's behavior is certified via nonlocality, which here replaces the delayed choice of the observer in the original experiment. We observed strong nonlocal correlations, which show that the photon must simultaneously behave both as a particle and as a wave. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1257/jel.51.1.5 | Structural Models of Nonequilibrium Strategic Thinking: Theory, Evidence, and Applications | Most applications of game theory assume equilibrium, justified by presuming either that learning will have converged to one, or that equilibrium approximates people's strategic thinking even when a learning justification is implausible. Yet several recent experimental and empirical studies suggest that people's initial responses to games often deviate systematically from equilibrium, and that structural nonequilibrium “level-k” or “cognitive hierarchy” models often out-predict equilibrium. Even when learning is possible and converges to equilibrium, such models allow better predictions of history-dependent limiting outcomes. This paper surveys recent theory and evidence on strategic thinking and illustrates the applications of level-k models in economics. (JEL C70, D03, D82, D83) | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1823377470 | Lipid and protein stability of partially defatted walnut flour (Juglans regia L.) during storage | Summary
Partially defatted walnut flour (WF) was stored (25 °C, 800 Lux) for an 8-month period and evaluated monthly in some protein properties and oil oxidative parameters. Transparent plastic-laminated (WFPL) and plastic-laminated, aluminium-coated (WFAC) packages were used. During the first 3 months, samples were more susceptible to endogenous hydrolysis; an increase in soluble peptide concentration was determined for both WFAC and WFPL. Minor changes between WFAC and WFPL were observed in protein electrophoretic patterns along storage period, but no differences were determined in total protein solubility. However, a progressive reduction in water-holding capacity (47% from time 0 to month 8) was observed for WFPL. A major effect of packaging material was found on lipid-quality parameters. Packaging materials’ barrier to light effectively protect WF against polyunsaturated FA degradation and oil oxidation. Lipids from WF stored in plastic-laminated packages showed decreasing double-bond index values (from 1.71 at initial time, to 1.45 after 6 months of storage) and increasing oxidation rates along storage test. Aluminium-coated packages can be used to keep quality of WF for 8 months at room temperature. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.06.003 | The novel lipid mediator PD1<inf>n-3 DPA</inf>: An overview of the structural elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and bioactions | Resolvins, protectins and maresins are individual families of specialized pro-resolving mediators biosynthesized from the dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. These enzymatically oxygenated polyunsaturated lipid mediators were first elucidated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation in animal models of self-limited inflammation. Specialized pro-resolving mediators display potent bioactions when administrated in vivo. Biosynthetic pathway studies have revealed that individual lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase-2 converts eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid into distinct families of the resolvins, protectins and maresins. Recently n-3 docosapentaenoic acid was found to be a substrate for the biosynthesis of several novel families of specialized pro-resolving mediators. One example is PD1n-3 DPA. During the 6th European Workshop on Lipid Mediators, Frankfurt, Germany, the structural elucidation, total organic synthesis, studies on the biosynthetic pathway, as well as the potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of PD1n-3 DPA were presented. Herein, we provide an overview of these topics for the new member PD1n-3 DPA of the super-family of pro-resolving mediators. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1101/gad.241661.114 | Evolutionally dynamic L1 regulation in embryonic stem cells | Mobile elements are important evolutionary forces that challenge genomic integrity. Long interspersed element-1 (L1, also known as LINE-1) is the only autonomous transposon still active in the human genome. It displays an unusual pattern of evolution, with, at any given time, a single active L1 lineage amplifying to thousands of copies before getting replaced by a new lineage, likely under pressure of host restriction factors, which act notably by silencing L1 expression during early embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that in human embryonic stem (hES) cells, KAP1 (KRAB [Krüppel-associated box domain]-associated protein 1), the master cofactor of KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) previously implicated in the restriction of endogenous retroviruses, represses a discrete subset of L1 lineages predicted to have entered the ancestral genome between 26. 8 million and 7. 6 million years ago. In mice, we documented a similar chronologically conditioned pattern, albeit with a much contracted time scale. We could further identify an L1-binding KRAB-ZFP, suggesting that this rapidly evolving protein family is more globally responsible for L1 recognition. KAP1 knockdown in hES cells induced the expression of KAP1-bound L1 elements, but their younger, human-specific counterparts (L1Hs) were unaffected. Instead, they were stimulated by depleting DNA methyltransferases, consistent with recent evidence demonstrating that the PIWI-piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNA) pathway regulates L1Hs in hES cells. Altogether, these data indicate that the early embryonic control of L1 is an evolutionarily dynamic process and support a model in which newly emerged lineages are first suppressed by DNA methylation-inducing small RNA-based mechanisms before KAP1-recruiting protein repressors are selected. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2239119861 | A study on enhanced recovery after abdominal surgery | Background Enhanced recovery after surgery or fast-track surgery is a set of protocols aimed to reduce the physiological burden of surgery, thus improving outcomes. Fast-track surgery aims to use evidence-based practice to reduce complications, improve postoperative quality of life, and decrease hospital length of stay. Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of applying enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols on patients undergoing different abdominal operations. Settings and design The study was a prospective observational study that was conducted on 25 patients of ASA grades I-III, aged between 15 and 65 years, with different abdominal pathologies who were to undergo elective operations between August 2013 and May 2014. Materials and methods Patients were subjected to ERAS protocols. All patients were monitored in the hospital as needed until the patient fulfilled the discharge criteria (adequate oral intake; pain well controlled with oral analgesics; ability to void without difficulty; able to ambulate independently or at baseline levels; the patient believing he is ready for discharge and able to look after himself at home). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated. Results The ERAS program has been proven to be safe, not only in reducing postoperative hospital stay and morbidity but also in improving patient convalescence. Conclusion The ERAS program had a significant role in reducing the duration of hospital stay as well as morbidity in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.5194/bg-13-1387-2016 | Modeling spatiotemporal dynamics of global wetlands: comprehensive evaluation of a new sub-grid TOPMODEL parameterization and uncertainties | . Simulations of the spatiotemporal dynamics of wetlands are key to understanding the role of wetland biogeochemistry under past and future climate. Hydrologic inundation models, such as the TOPography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL), are based on a fundamental parameter known as the compound topographic index (CTI) and offer a computationally cost-efficient approach to simulate wetland dynamics at global scales. However, there remains a large discrepancy in the implementations of TOPMODEL in land-surface models (LSMs) and thus their performance against observations. This study describes new improvements to TOPMODEL implementation and estimates of global wetland dynamics using the LPJ-wsl (Lund–Potsdam–Jena Wald Schnee und Landschaft version) Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) and quantifies uncertainties by comparing three digital elevation model (DEM) products (HYDRO1k, GMTED, and HydroSHEDS) at different spatial resolution and accuracy on simulated inundation dynamics. In addition, we found that calibrating TOPMODEL with a benchmark wetland data set can help to successfully delineate the seasonal and interannual variation of wetlands, as well as improve the spatial distribution of wetlands to be consistent with inventories. The HydroSHEDS DEM, using a river-basin scheme for aggregating the CTI, shows the best accuracy for capturing the spatiotemporal dynamics of wetlands among the three DEM products. The estimate of global wetland potential/maximum is ∼ 10. 3 Mkm2 (106 km2), with a mean annual maximum of ∼ 5. 17 Mkm2 for 1980–2010. When integrated with wetland methane emission submodule, the uncertainty of global annual CH4 emissions from topography inputs is estimated to be 29. 0 Tg yr−1. This study demonstrates the feasibility of TOPMODEL to capture spatial heterogeneity of inundation at a large scale and highlights the significance of correcting maximum wetland extent to improve modeling of interannual variations in wetland area. It additionally highlights the importance of an adequate investigation of topographic indices for simulating global wetlands and shows the opportunity to converge wetland estimates across LSMs by identifying the uncertainty associated with existing wetland products. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.semradonc.2013.05.008 | Optimization of Tumor Radiotherapy With Modulators of Cell Metabolism: Toward Clinical Applications | Most solid tumors are characterized by unstable perfusion patterns, creating regions of hypoxia that are detrimental to radiotherapy treatment response. Because postsurgical radiotherapy, alone or in combination with other interventions, is a first-line treatment for many malignancies, strategies aimed at homogeneously increasing tumor pO2 have been the focus of intense research over the past decades. Among other approaches of demonstrable clinical and preclinical utility, this review focuses on those directly targeting oxygen consumption to redirect oxygen from a metabolic fate to the stabilization of radiation-induced DNA damage, more particularly drugs targeting glucose and lactate metabolism, nitric oxide donors or inducers, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors. Their utility as adjuvant treatments with radiotherapy has been proven preclinically, which should foster further their clinical development and evaluation. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
221914 | Commentary manuscripts in the history and transmission of the greek new testament | Manuscripts which contain commentary alongside the biblical text are some of the most significant and complicated witnesses to the Greek New Testament. First compiled around the fifth century, the commentaries consist of chains of extracts from earlier writers (catenae). These manuscripts became the main way in which users encountered both the text and the interpretation of the New Testament; revised editions produced in the eleventh and twelfth centuries continued to hold the field until the invention of printing.
Recent advances have shown that commentary manuscripts play a much more important role than previously thought in the history of the New Testament. The number of known copies has increased by 20% following a preliminary survey last year which identified 100 additional manuscripts. A recent comprehensive textual analysis of the Catholic Epistles indicated that all witnesses from the third generation onwards (some 72% of the total) could stem from the biblical text of three commentary manuscripts occupying a key place in the textual tradition. Investigation of the catena on Mark has shown that the selection of extracts could offer a new approach to understanding the theology of the compilers and the transmission of the commentaries.
The CATENA Project will use digital tools to undertake a fuller examination of Greek New Testament commentary manuscripts than has ever before been possible. This will include an exhaustive survey to establish a complete list of witnesses; a database of extracts to examine their principles of organisation and relationships; and electronic transcriptions to determine their role in the transmission of the biblical text. The results will have a direct impact on editions of the Greek New Testament, providing a new understanding of its text and reception and leading to broader insights into history and culture. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
771237 | Deformation Mechanisms are the Key to Understanding and Tayloring Tribological Behaviour | Tribology, the science of interacting surfaces in relative motion, is crucial for many aspects of modern life. Friction and wear decisively impact the lifetime and durability of many products-from nanoelectromechanical systems to gears and engines. In the USA alone, an estimated 1E18 joules of energy could be saved each year through improved tribological practices.
During sliding of a metallic contact, a mutated surface layer forms, carries most further plastic deformation and largely determines friction and wear. The origin and evolution of this distinct subsurface layer remains elusive, since our knowledge of the elementary mechanisms promoting these changes is limited. Only this knowledge however will allow for a strategic tailoring of tribologically loaded metals.
In this project, we will elucidate these elementary mechanisms for a wide range of alloys and strain rates. We will develop ground-breaking new strategies for probing the subsurface microstructure during the tribological test itself with non-destructive testing sensors like ultrasound and eddy current, resulting in subsurface in situ tribology. The data from these sensors will be analysed online, during the tribological experiment, relying on cutting edge data science methods as they have already been applied for fatigue testing. Based on these analyses, implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array, we will interrupt the test exactly when the dominating elementary mechanisms manifest themselves. These mechanisms will then be revealed by sophisticated electron microscopy and be visualized in deformation mechanism maps for unidirectional and reciprocating sliding. Such maps have proven very successful in other fields of materials science, e.g. creep at elevated temperatures. They are used to guide material selection and alloy development processes, yielding materials tailored for each specific tribological scenario, promising enormous savings in energy and resources, an important challenge of our time. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.006 | The load of short telomeres is increased and associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder | Background: It has recently been hypothesized that bipolar disorders are associated with accelerated aging. Telomere dysfunction, a biomarker of aging, is determined by the load of short telomeres, rather than by the mean telomere length. To our knowledge, the load of short telomeres has not been reported in any psychiatric disorder. The aims of the study were to examine the load of short telomeres and the mean telomere length and their relationships with illness duration and lifetime number of depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder (BD-II). Methods: Twenty-eight patients (mean age = 34. 8 ± 7. 7) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of BD-II and 28 healthy control subjects (mean age = 34. 8 ± 9. 2) matched for age, sex, and education participated. The load of short telomeres (percentage of telomeres < 3 kilobases) and mean telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured using high-throughput quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: The load of short telomeres was significantly increased in patients with BD-II relative to healthy controls and may represent 13 years of accelerated aging. The load of short telomeres and the mean telomere length were associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes, but not with illness duration. Limitations: Modest sample size and cross-sectional design. Conclusions: Our results suggest that BD-II is associated with an increased load of short telomeres. Depressive episode-related stress may accelerate telomere shortening and aging. However, longitudinal studies are needed to fully clarify telomere shortening and its relationship with clinical variables in BD-II. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2366955217 | Safety evaluation of high-piled wharf based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process | Many factors affect the safety of high-piled wharf.The traditional safety assessment method for the high-piled wharf mainly relies on the test results of the qualitative analysis,and seldom on the accurate quantitative evaluation.In order to analyze the safety conditions of high-piled wharf accurately,this paper carries out a research on the safety assessment with reference to the safety assessment method for bridges,in which the safety assessment is divided into visual inspection assessment and bearing capacity assessment.Through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,the safety degree of the pier is obtained.The method is concise and can reflect accurately the safety situation of the existing high-pile pier.It provides a foundation for the management,maintenance and reinforcement of wharves. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.071 | Coordination of gene expression with growth rate: A feedback or a feed-forward strategy? | In the budding yeast, a large fraction of genes is coordinately regulated with growth rate. We argue that this correlation does not reflect a direct feedback from growth rate to gene expression. Rather, what appears to be a response to growth rate is dominated by environmental sensing. External parameters, such as nutrition or temperature, feed-forward to define gene expression pattern that is tuned to the evolutionary-predicted growth rate. While such a feed-forward strategy requires fine-tuning of signaling mechanisms, and is limited in the range of environments that can be monitored, it enables advanced preparation to physiological changes that predictably occur following environmental switching. The capacity to anticipate and prepare for changing conditions was probably a major selection force during yeast evolution. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W3188613116 | Crecimiento económico y flujos de efectivo en las empresas del sector servicios de Cundinamarca | Through this thesis research, which aims to measure the existing relational effect between economic growth and cash flows of the service sector in the department of Cundinamarca it is exposed. And from there propose a model that allows the prediction of future cash flows by reference to economic growth. For this work focuses on 328 companies in the sector and department in question, which have been reporting their accounting and financial statements, all loa years, from 1995 to the superintendency of companies. Becoming the basic source these underlying empirical and statistically the results of this investigation Prior to the development of simple regression model and relational obtaining the effect of the two variables of study; a theoretical compiled from the various investigations that have been made concerning the two variables under study was presented. In the first instance by the concepts and principles that have made financial science on cash flow, and contributions in relation to the construction of models and relationships with the different variables of the economy. Also I was investigated about economic growth, taking as main reference the Solow model and its theoretical development on growth. This in order to present the factors that relate to these two variables and on which the liquids will play a predominant role, which is also analyzed with special emphasis in this investigation. Under these theoretical premises, the fact is evident, that have not yet been advanced research function to relate the two key variables of work. And even less that have been used as the basis for a new model. So there is a theoretical vacuum which explains the rationale for this work. Finally, the work provides a characterization of the economic sector on which rests the investigation. Through a historical overview of the services sector in the department of Cundinamarca, and a qualitative analysis that compares the results of cash flow in recent years and its relationship with economic development in the same sector, for the given period; from the prevailing economic aspects of Cundinamarca recent history, with their respective conclusions and recommendations. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W4214929569 | Intravenous iron treatment-induced hypophosphatemia | Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the management of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are refractory or relapse after immunochemotherapy. This strategy consists in genetically modifying the patient's own T lymphocytes to favor the recognition of selected tumor antigens. Currently, we have 2 anti-CD19 CAR-T drugs approved in Spain for patients with DLBCL after 2 or more prior treatment lines and there are multiple ongoing clinical trials exploring earlier lines of treatment. Both clinical trials and post-marketing real-world data have contributed to better define the efficacy and safety profile of each construct, identifying the main prognostic response factors and improving the management of each step in this therapy. All these aspects are reviewed herein.La terapia con linfocitos T con receptor de antígeno quimérico (CAR-T) ha revolucionado el manejo de los pacientes con linfoma difuso de células grandes B (LDCGB) refractarios o en recaída tras inmunoquimioterapia. Esta estrategia consiste en modificar genéticamente los linfocitos T de los propios pacientes para favorecer el reconocimiento de los antígenos tumorales seleccionados. Actualmente hay disponibles 2 medicamentos CAR-T anti-CD19 aprobados en España para pacientes con LDCGB tras 2 o más líneas de tratamiento sistémico previo y existen múltiples ensayos clínicos en marcha investigando su uso en líneas de tratamiento más precoces. Tanto los ensayos clínicos pivotales como los datos de práctica asistencial post-comercialización han contribuido a definir el perfil de eficacia y seguridad de cada constructo, identificar los principales factores pronósticos de respuesta y optimizar el manejo de las distintas fases de esta terapia. Todos estos aspectos se repasan en esta revisión. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1109/TPAMI.2016.2567384 | Learning To Generate Chairs Tables And Cars With Convolutional Networks | We train generative ‘up-convolutional’ neural networks which are able to generate images of objects given object style, viewpoint, and color. We train the networks on rendered 3D models of chairs, tables, and cars. Our experiments show that the networks do not merely learn all images by heart, but rather find a meaningful representation of 3D models allowing them to assess the similarity of different models, interpolate between given views to generate the missing ones, extrapolate views, and invent new objects not present in the training set by recombining training instances, or even two different object classes. Moreover, we show that such generative networks can be used to find correspondences between different objects from the dataset, outperforming existing approaches on this task. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2004530964 | Noradrenaline-induced spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in mouse basolateral nucleus of amygdala pyramidal neurons: Comparison with dopamine-induced currents | The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) receives both noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections. These projections are thought to be important for modulation of amygdala neural circuits. In BLA pyramidal neurons, noradrenaline (NA) is known to facilitate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) through excitation of interneurons. Dopamine (DA) also is known to facilitate GABAergic sIPSCs in pyramidal neurons of the amygdala region including the BLA. It is unclear which neurotransmitter, NA or DA, is predominant in facilitating sIPSC in the BLA. Whether NA and DA facilitate sIPSC in different or the same pyramidal neurons also remains unknown. Herein, we employed the patch clamp recording technique on BLA pyramidal neurons in mouse brain slices, and compared the facilitating actions of NA and DA on sIPSCs. First NA and then DA, or first DA and then NA, were applied to a slice. NA enhanced sIPSC frequency in the majority (80-90%) of pyramidal neurons tested, whereas DA enhanced sIPSC frequency in relatively few neurons (approximately 30%). Neurons responding to NA alone and DA alone accounted, respectively, for 54.3% and 2.9% of the pyramidal neurons tested (11.4% of neurons responded to neither NA nor DA). Pyramidal neurons in which NA and DA both facilitated sIPSCs accounted for 31.4% of neurons tested. These results suggest that NA facilitates GABAergic sIPSCs in a larger proportion of mouse BLA pyramidal neurons than DA. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_1379 | Fostering tourism innovation system in Adriatic-Ionian Region | Project FOST INNO aims to contribute to the long term growth of tourism in the Adriatic Ionian region through innovations capacity building. Common challenges of the programme area as; prolonging tourism season, improving quality in tourism and fostering better tourism employment conditions, are going to be tackled in accordance with sustainability principles to reinforce region’s competitive position. The overall objective of the project is to improve and ensure long term competitiveness of the Adriatic-Ionian area by enhancing innovation capacity in sustainable tourism. Hence, the main project intervention objective is to change current practise of insufficient incentives for innovations in sustainable tourism through main project outputs and deliverables: developed strategy for fostering innovations in sustainable tourism in Adriatic-Ionian area, established networking structure and increased knowledge transfer between business, users, academia and institutional stakeholders through Adriatic-Ionian Tourism Innovation Centre. Joint strategic framework for innovation in sustainable tourism is going to improve Adriatic-Ionian cooperation in tourism; giving common directions for policy makers’ actions and providing incentives for innovations. Networking structure embodied in future Adriatic-Ionian Tourism Innovation Centre is a multipurpose tool, foreseen as a learning and dissemination platform. Innovation incubation will be main purpose of Centre’s activities, designated to facilitate market access for innovative ideas. In order to provide valuable contribution in exchange of cooperation opportunities and best practices, networking structure has to become knowledge base and information hub for different actors such as; SMEs, universities and research centres, relevant tourism authorities, regional authorities, etc. In order to ensure sustainable competitive position of the Adriatic-Ionian area in the tourism market, transnational approach is needed for responding to challenges shared by participating countries. Given the current fragmented situation at macro-regional level, joint development of innovation system will facilitate promotion of innovative activities and transfer of project results into policies and practice. This project aims to create a long term knowledge transfer related to the innovation in sustainable tourism development in order to contribute solving tourism issues that are common for all partner countries involved. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-10662-7 | Intracavity optical trapping of microscopic particles in a ring-cavity fiber laser | Standard optical tweezers rely on optical forces arising when a focused laser beam interacts with a microscopic particle: scattering forces, pushing the particle along the beam direction, and gradient forces, attracting it towards the high-intensity focal spot. Importantly, the incoming laser beam is not affected by the particle position because the particle is outside the laser cavity. Here, we demonstrate that intracavity nonlinear feedback forces emerge when the particle is placed inside the optical cavity, resulting in orders-of-magnitude higher confinement along the three axes per unit laser intensity on the sample. This scheme allows trapping at very low numerical apertures and reduces the laser intensity to which the particle is exposed by two orders of magnitude compared to a standard 3D optical tweezers. These results are highly relevant for many applications requiring manipulation of samples that are subject to photodamage, such as in biophysics and nanosciences. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-019-56267-4 | Methanogenic Archaea Can Produce Methane in Deliquescence-Driven Mars Analog Environments | The current understanding of the Martian surface indicates that briny environments at the near-surface are temporarily possible, e. g. in the case of the presumably deliquescence-driven Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL). However, whether such dynamic environments are habitable for terrestrial organisms remains poorly understood. This hypothesis was tested by developing a Closed Deliquescence System (CDS) consisting of a mixture of desiccated Martian Regolith Analog (MRA) substrate, salts, and microbial cells, which over the course of days became wetted through deliquescence. The methane produced via metabolic activity for three methanogenic archaea: Methanosarcina mazei, M. barkeri and M. soligelidi, was measured after exposing them to three different MRA substrates using either NaCl or NaClO4 as a hygroscopic salt. Our experiments showed that (1) M. soligelidi rapidly produced methane at 4 °C, (2) M. barkeri produced methane at 28 °C though not at 4 °C, (3) M. mazei was not metabolically reactivated through deliquescence, (4) none of the species produced methane in the presence of perchlorate, and (5) all species were metabolically most active in the phyllosilicate-containing MRA. These results emphasize the importance of the substrate, microbial species, salt, and temperature used in the experiments. Furthermore, we show here for the first time that water provided by deliquescence alone is sufficient to rehydrate methanogenic archaea and to reactivate their metabolism under conditions roughly analogous to the near-subsurface Martian environment. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2963385418 | Temporal correlation detection using computational phase-change memory | For decades, conventional computers based on the von Neumann architecture have performed computation by repeatedly transferring data between their processing and their memory units, which are physically separated. As computation becomes increasingly data-centric and as the scalability limits in terms of performance and power are being reached, alternative computing paradigms are searched for in which computation and storage are collocated. A fascinating new approach is that of computational memory where the physics of nanoscale memory devices are used to perform certain computational tasks within the memory unit in a non-von Neumann manner. Here we present a large-scale experimental demonstration using one million phase-change memory devices organized to perform a high-level computational primitive by exploiting the crystallization dynamics. Also presented is an application of such a computational memory to process real-world data-sets. The results show that this co-existence of computation and storage at the nanometer scale could be the enabler for new, ultra-dense, low power, and massively parallel computing systems. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4991731 | Pressure In An Exactly Solvable Model Of Active Fluid | We consider the pressure in the steady-state regime of three stochastic models characterized by self-propulsion and persistent motion and widely employed to describe the behavior of active particles, namely, the Active Brownian particle (ABP) model, the Gaussian colored noise (GCN) model, and the unified colored noise approximation (UCNA) model. Whereas in the limit of short but finite persistence time, the pressure in the UCNA model can be obtained by different methods which have an analog in equilibrium systems, in the remaining two models only the virial route is, in general, possible. According to this method, notwithstanding each model obeys its own specific microscopic law of evolution, the pressure displays a certain universal behavior. For generic interparticle and confining potentials, we derive a formula which establishes a correspondence between the GCN and the UCNA pressures. In order to provide explicit formulas and examples, we specialize the discussion to the case of an assembly of elastic dumbbells confined to a parabolic well. By employing the UCNA we find that, for this model, the pressure determined by the thermodynamic method coincides with the pressures obtained by the virial and mechanical methods. The three methods when applied to the GCN give a pressure identical to that obtained via the UCNA. Finally, we find that the ABP virial pressure exactly agrees with the UCNA and GCN results. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1601674774 | Capture and Analysis of Newly Synthesized RNA A Novel Enabling Technology to Study High Resolution Gene Expression | RP-70
Newly transcribed RNA contains valuable information of the transcriptome. Development of enabling technologies using affinity nucleosides will help accelerate research that depends on high resolution gene expression. We describe an enabling tool based on click chemistry, which begins with metabolic incorporation of an ethynyl uridine (EU) into newly synthesized RNA. The purified total EU-RNA is reacted with biotin-azide using copper catalyzed click chemistry followed by binding to streptavidin beads. In this manner, the nascent RNA is captured for subsequent analysis by RT-qPCR, array analysis and sequencing. Toxic effects of EU were investigated using several cell health assays. Global transcriptome changes were monitored using microarray analysis. Our results show that nascent RNA can be captured and analyzed via RTqPCR and RNA-seq. Our results also indicate that no toxic effects on cell health are seen with treatments of 250 uM EU for over 24 hours. RTqPCR and microarray analysis also indicate that EU treatment does not alter the global transcription levels. Incorporation of EU for varying time periods followed by capture of nascent RNA and RTqPCR analyses showed changes in the nascent RNA copy number. Up until now there have been few methods to capture and characterize newly transcribed RNA. Traditional methods such as nuclear run on assays are cumbersome and do not reflect true physiology. RTqPCR has been used to gain information on the steady state RNA levels. The main limitation of all these approaches is that alterations in mRNA transcript (turnover) that strongly govern the patterns of expressed genes cannot be studied. Using the Click nascent RNA capture approach, for the first time we show RNA turnover rates for different mRNA transcripts and how they correlate with relative abundance of that transcript. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.02.045 | Synthesis, structures and photoluminescence properties of silver complexes of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes | Silver complexes of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs), (RL)nAgX (n = 1, X = Cl, Br, I; n = 2, X = OTf; R = Me2, Et2, or adamantyl) are accessible in high yields by reacting free carbenes with silver salts. The smaller carbene ligand Me2L leads to the formation of a mixture of neutral (Me2L)AgCl and cationic [(Me2L)2Ag]+ products. The transmetallation of (AdL)AgCl with copper and gold halides gives the corresponding copper and gold compounds (AdL)MCl (M = Cu and Au) in a clean and quantitative reaction. Whereas (Me2L)AgCl is monomeric in the solid state, (Et2L)AgCl crystallizes as a Cl-bridged dimer. None of the compounds show metal-metal interactions. The complexes show blue photoluminescence, which consists of a fluorescence component with a lifetime of several nanoseconds, as well as a long-lived emission in the microsecond regime. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1177/2053168017707151 | Willing to share? Tax compliance and gender in Europe and America | Studies examining the effects of gender on honesty, deceptive behavior, pro-sociality, and risk aversion, often find significant differences between men and women. The present study contributes to the debate by exploiting one of the largest tax compliance experiments to date in a highly controlled environment conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Italy. Our expectation was that the differences between men’s and women’s behavior would correlate broadly with the degree of gender equality in each country. Where social, political and cultural gender equality is greater we expected behavioral differences between men and women to be smaller. In contrast, our evidence reveals that women are significantly more compliant than men in all countries. Furthermore, these patterns are quite consistent across countries in our study. In other words, the difference between men’s and women’s behavior is not significantly different in more gender neutral countries than in more traditional societies. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/s10654-019-00502-9 | The early growth genetics (Egg) and early genetics and lifecourse epidemiology (eagle) consortia: Design, results and future prospects | The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been suc-cessfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in com-bination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1145/3290605.3300638 | Magnetips Combining Fingertip Tracking And Haptic Feedback For Around Device Interaction | Around-device interaction methods expand the available interaction space for mobile devices; however, there is currently no way to simultaneously track a user's input and provide haptic feedback at the tracked point away from the device. We present Magnetips, a simple, mobile solution for around-device tracking and mid-air haptic feedback. Magnetips combines magnetic tracking and electromagnetic feedback that works regardless of visual occlusion, through most common materials, and at a size that allows for integration with mobile devices. We demonstrate: (1) high-frequency around-device tracking and haptic feedback; (2) the accuracy and range of our tracking solution which corrects for the effects of geomagnetism, necessary for enabling mobile use; and (3) guidelines for maximising strength of haptic feedback, given a desired tracking frequency. We present technical and usability evaluations of our prototype, and demonstrate four example applications of its use. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
175115 | New electro-mechanic access system with dematerialized keys for residential market | OKIDOKEYS is a new system to unlock your home or garage door by using a smartphone or other several devices. The system will allow the user to install it in a few minutes with no need of changing the door lock.
The system interacts with both an Okidokeys app-enabled smartphone (iOS and Android) as well as a number of different fobs. As an alternative to smartphones e-key, OpenWays also offers keyfobs, walletcard-tags and wristband-tags.
Okidokeys has recently started a market test in the USA with very good acceptance; the objective of this project is to validate and demonstrate the new system for the European requirements that will require getting over several challenges.
In the last 50 years the lock / key industry has not innovated very much:
- Using metal keys could cause problems if they are lost
- Metal keys are difficult to dispatch, remove or cancel.
- Metal keys have limited security
- Metal keys are expensive. (New securing locks have more expensive keys)
Okidokeys will eliminate all those problems by the use of smart keys “installed” in a smart-phone, cell-phone, keychain, wristband, walletcard tags integrating Bluetooth 4.0, CAC (Crypto Acoustic Credentials), RFID and NFC technologies. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/c3nr06899d | 1-Dimensional AgVO3 nanowires hybrid with 2-dimensional graphene nanosheets to create 3-dimensional composite aerogels and their improved electrochemical properties | 3D porous AgVO3 nanowires/graphene composite aerogels show high electrical conductivity, high mechanical flexibility, and good electrochemical performance for lithium ion storage. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2370116891 | Consideration on the Issues of the Balanced Budget Multiplier in the Proportional Tax System | The scholars have put forward their own opinions about whether the balanced budget multiplier should be less than 1 or equal to 1 in proportional tax system.The main divarication is resulted from the different understanding of in the statement of definition of the balanced budget multiplier on the same time variation of net government revenue and government purchase expenditure.Based on the definition of the balanced budget multiplier and taking consideration of time factor introduced in the deduction of tax multiplier,the time factors should also be taken into account when calculating the balanced budget multiplier.Therefore,the time consistency principle is the basic premise in ensuring correct calculation of the balanced budget multiplier. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1039/c7cc03469e | To cage or to be caged? The cytotoxic species in ruthenium-based photoactivated chemotherapy is not always the metal | In metal-based photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), two photoproducts are generated by light-triggered photosubstitution of a metal-bound ligand: the free ligand itself and an aquated metal complex. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2325828815 | Growth of Nanosized Calcite through Gas−Solid Carbonation of Nanosized Portlandite under Anisobaric Conditions | The gas−solid carbonation of nanosized portlandite was experimentally investigated using a static bed reactor under anisobaric conditions. The effects of initial CO2 pressure (10−40 bar), reaction temperature (30 and 60 °C), and relative humidity were investigated. Three steps of the carbonation process were determined: (1) instantaneous CO2 mineralization during CO2 injection period. From 25 to 40 wt % of initial portlandite grains were transformed into calcite during the CO2 injection period (from 0.9 to 2 min). (2) Fast CO2 mineralization after gas injection period ( 95%). For this case, the mineralization of CO2 does not form a protective carbonate layer around the reacting particles of portlandite as typically observed by other gas−solid carbonation methods. This method could be efficiently performed to produce nanosized calcite. Moreover, the separation of calcite particles from the fluid phase is most simple compared with precipitation methods. A kinetic pseudo-second-order model was satisfactorily used to describe the three CO2 mineralization steps except for the carbonation reaction initiated at 40 bar. In this latter case, a kinetic pseudo-first-order model was satisfactorily used; indicating that the slow CO2 mineralization step appears less significant during the carbonation process. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevD.87.041501 | Self-force as a cosmic censor | We examine Hubeny's scenario according to which a near-extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole can absorb a charged particle and be driven toward an over-extremal state in which the charge exceeds the mass, signaling the destruction of the black hole. Our analysis incorporates the particle's electromagnetic self-force and the energy radiated to infinity in the form of electromagnetic waves. With these essential ingredients, our sampling of the parameter space reveals no instances of an overcharged final state, and we conjecture that the self-force acts as a cosmic censor, preventing the destruction of a near-extremal black hole by the absorption of a charged particle. We argue, on the basis of the third law of black hole mechanics, that this conclusion is robust and should apply to attempts to overspin a Kerr black hole. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
894350 | Taming the particle transport in magnetized plasmas via perturbative fields | Wave-particle interactions are ubiquitous in nature and play a fundamental role in astrophysical and fusion plasmas. In solar plasmas, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations are thought to be responsible for the heating of the solar corona and the generation of the solar wind. In magnetically confined fusion (MCF) devices, enhanced particle transport induced by MHD fluctuations can deteriorate the plasma confinement, and also endanger the device integrity. MCF devices are an ideal testbed to verify current models and develop mitigation / protection techniques.
The proposed project paves the way for providing active control techniques to tame the MHD induced particle transport in a fusion plasma. A solid understanding of the interaction between energetic particles and MHD instabilities in the presence of electric fields and plasma currents is required to develop such techniques. I will pursue this goal through innovative diagnosis techniques with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. Combined with state-of-the-art hybrid MHD codes, a deep insight into the underlying physics mechanism will be gained. The outcome of this research project will have a major impact for next-step MCF devices as I will provide ground-breaking control techniques for mitigating MHD induced particle transport in magnetized plasmas.
The project consists of 3 research lines which follow a bottom-up approach:
(1) Cutting-edge instrumentation, aiming at the new generation of energetic particle and edge current diagnostics.
(2) Unravel the dynamics of energetic particles, electric fields, edge currents and MHD fluctuations.
(3) From lab to space weather: The developed models will revolutionize our understanding of the observed particle acceleration and transport in the solar corona.
Based on this approach, the project represents a gateway between the fusion, astrophysics and space communities opening new avenues for a common basic understanding. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms13167 | Thermally enhanced photoluminescence for heat harvesting in photovoltaics | The maximal Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of 41% for single-junction photovoltaics is primarily caused by heat dissipation following energetic-photon absorption. Solar-Thermophotovoltaics concepts attempt to harvest this heat loss, but the required high temperatures (T>2,000 K) hinder device realization. Conversely, we have recently demonstrated how thermally enhanced photoluminescence is an efficient optical heat-pump that operates in comparably low temperatures. Here we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate such a thermally enhanced photoluminescence based solar-energy converter. Here heat is harvested by a low bandgap photoluminescent absorber that emits thermally enhanced photoluminescence towards a higher bandgap photovoltaic cell, resulting in a maximum theoretical efficiency of 70% at a temperature of 1,140 K. We experimentally demonstrate the key feature of sub-bandgap photon thermal upconversion with an efficiency of 1. 4% at only 600 K. Experiments on white light excitation of a tailored Cr:Nd:Yb glass absorber suggest that conversion efficiencies as high as 48% at 1,500 K are in reach. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10567.1 | Using Mendelian randomization to determine causal effects of maternal pregnancy (intrauterine) exposures on offspring outcomes: Sources of bias and methods for assessing them | Mendelian randomization (MR), the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) to test causal effects, is increasingly used in aetiological epidemiology. Few of the methodological developments in MR have considered the specific situation of using genetic IVs to test the causal effect of exposures in pregnant women on postnatal offspring outcomes. In this paper, we describe specific ways in which the IV assumptions might be violated when MR is used to test such intrauterine effects. We highlight the importance of considering the extent to which there is overlap between genetic variants in offspring that influence their outcome with genetic variants used as IVs in their mothers. Where there is overlap, and particularly if it generates a strong association of maternal genetic IVs with offspring outcome via the offspring genotype, the exclusion restriction assumption of IV analyses will be violated. We recommend a set of analyses that ought to be considered when MR is used to address research questions concerned with intrauterine effects on post-natal offspring outcomes, and provide details of how these can be undertaken and interpreted. These additional analyses include the use of genetic data from offspring and fathers, examining associations using maternal non-transmitted alleles, and using simulated data in sensitivity analyses (for which we provide code). We explore the extent to which new methods that have been developed for exploring violation of the exclusion restriction assumption in the two-sample setting (MR-Egger and median based methods) might be used when exploring intrauterine effects in one-sample MR. We provide a list of recommendations that researchers should use when applying MR to test the effects of intrauterine exposures on postnatal offspring outcomes and use an illustrative example with real data to demonstrate how our recommendations can be applied and subsequent results appropriately interpreted. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1021/jacs.6b13072 | Higher Order Constitutional Dynamic Networks: [2×3] and [3×3] Networks Displaying Multiple, Synergistic and Competitive Hierarchical Adaptation | The present study investigates the constitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) underlying dynamic covalent libraries (DCLs) that extend beyond the [2×2] case toward higher orders, namely [2×3] and [3×3] CDNs involving respectively six and nine constituents generated from the recombination of five and six components linked through reversible chemical reactions. It explores the behavior of such systems under the action of one or two effectors. More specifically and for the sake of proof of principle, it makes use of DCLs involving dynamic organic ligands and analyzes their single and double adaptive response under the action of one and two metal cation effectors. Thus, interconversions within [2×3] DCLs of six constituents (hydrazone, acylhydrazone, and imine ligands) give access to the generation of [2×3] CDNs of 3D trigonal prismatic type consisting of three [2×2] sub-networks and presenting specific responses to the application of Cu+ and Zn2+ metal cation effectors, in particular double agonistic amplification. More complex [3×3] CDNs based on nine ligand constituents of imine, hydrazone, and acylhydrazone types were also designed and subjected to the application of one or two effectors, e. g. , Cu+ and Fe2+ metal cations, revealing novel types of adaptive behavior: (i) agonistic amplification between a single constituent and a full [2×2] sub-network, and (ii) agonistic amplification along a single diagonal connecting three constituents. Of special interest is also the dependence of the response of the system to hierarchical sequence of effector application, whereby initial interaction with Cu+ ions results in the destruction of the network, whereas the sequence Fe2+ followed by Cu+ yields a clean three-constituent DCL. Finally and strikingly, the present results also demonstrate that the increase in complexity of the system by introduction of an additional entity leads to a simpler output through dynamic competition between components. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
US 201816168237 A | Display apparatus with a crack detection line | A display apparatus includes a substrate including a display area where a plurality of pixels are provided and a non-display area surrounding the display area, an encapsulation layer including an inorganic layer and an organic layer and covering the display area, a dam disposed in the non-display area to surround the display area and to block a flow of the organic layer, a pad disposed in one edge of the non-display area and spaced apart from the dam in the non-display area, an auxiliary buffer layer spaced apart from the dam and disposed in the non-display area to overlap an end of the inorganic layer, a power auxiliary line disposed between the dam and the auxiliary buffer layer and electrically connected to the pad to receive a voltage from the pad, and a crack detection line spaced apart from the power auxiliary line and electrically connected to the pad. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.022 | Cerebellar Contribution to Preparatory Activity in Motor Neocortex | In motor neocortex, preparatory activity predictive of specific movements is maintained by a positive feedback loop with the thalamus. Motor thalamus receives excitatory input from the cerebellum, which learns to generate predictive signals for motor control. The contribution of this pathway to neocortical preparatory signals remains poorly understood. Here, we show that, in a virtual reality conditioning task, cerebellar output neurons in the dentate nucleus exhibit preparatory activity similar to that in anterolateral motor cortex prior to reward acquisition. Silencing activity in dentate nucleus by photoactivating inhibitory Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex caused robust, short-latency suppression of preparatory activity in anterolateral motor cortex. Our results suggest that preparatory activity is controlled by a learned decrease of Purkinje cell firing in advance of reward under supervision of climbing fiber inputs signaling reward delivery. Thus, cerebellar computations exert a powerful influence on preparatory activity in motor neocortex. Chabrol et al. show that the cerebellum is directly involved in maintaining preparatory activity in the premotor neocortex during learned, goal-directed behavior. Their results suggest the cerebellum provides a learned timing signal required for motor preparation in the neocortex. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/s41477-017-0039-z | Arabidopsis BTB/POZ protein-dependent PENETRATION3 trafficking and disease susceptibility | The outermost cell layer of plant roots (epidermis) constantly encounters environmental challenges. The epidermal outer plasma membrane domain harbours the PENETRATION3 (PEN3)/ABCG36/PDR8 ATP-binding cassette transporter that confers non-host resistance to several pathogens. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM-ARRESTED PEN3 (EAP3) BTB/POZ-domain protein specifically mediates PEN3 exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and confers resistance to a root-penetrating fungus, providing prime evidence for BTB/POZ-domain protein-dependent membrane trafficking underlying disease resistance. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W2007465676 | Tantalum and vanadium response to shock-wave loading at normal and elevated temperatures. Non-monotonous decay of the elastic wave in vanadium | The evolution of the elastic precursor waves in pure tantalum and vanadium is presented at normal and elevated temperatures over propagation distances that ranged from 0.125 to 3 mm. Measurements were performed in order to obtain experimental data about the temperature-rate dependence of the yield stress of the two metals. With increasing propagation distance, the rate of the decay of elastic precursor decreases, as the shear stress in the elastic precursor wave approaches the Peierls stresses. It has been found that the decay, with propagation distance, of the post-spike minimum of the spike-like elastic precursor wave in vanadium is essentially non-monotonous. The experiments also revealed that annealing of tantalum and vanadium increases their Hugoniot elastic limit. The anomalous increase of the high strain rate yield stress with temperature, as observed earlier for some FCC and HCP metals, has not been detected in these measurements. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.5141384 | Optimization Of Pulses With Low Bandwidth For Improved Excitation Of Multiple Quantum Coherences In Nmr Of Quadrupolar Nuclei | We discuss the commonly encountered problem when optimizing NMR pulses using optimal control that the otherwise very precise NMR theory does not provide as excellent agreement with experiments. We hypothesize that this disagreement is due to phase transients in the pulse due to abrupt phase- and amplitude changes resulting in a large bandwidth. We apply the GROUP algorithm that gives high fidelity pulses with a low bandwidth compared to the typical GRAPE pulses. Our results obtain a better agreement between experiment and simulations supporting our hypothesis and solution to the problem. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1007/s11357-012-9445-3 | Interactive effects of sex, social environment, dietary restriction, and methionine on survival and reproduction in fruit flies | For the evolution of life histories, the trade-off between survival and reproduction is fundamental. Because sexes optimize fitness in different ways, this trade-off is expected to be resolved differently by males and females. Consequently, the sexes are predicted to respond differently to changes in resource availability. In fruit flies, research on dietary restriction has focused largely on females maintained in the absence of males, thereby neglecting sexual interactions that affect reproductive behavior of both sexes under more natural conditions. Here, we tested for the interactive effects of diet (40, 60, 100, and 300 % of standard yeast concentrations) and social environment (separate- sex vs. mixed-sex groups) on male and female Drosophila melanogaster life histories. Additionally, we evaluated the essential amino acid methionine as an agent that can uncouple the survival-reproduction trade-off. We show sex differences in the effect of social environment on survival patterns, but not on reproductive fitness. In females, yeast had a positive effect on reproduction and a negative effect on survival. In males, yeast had a negative effect on reproduction and the effect on survival depended on the social environment. Methionine reduced survival, but had no effect on reproduction. Our findings highlight the need to include both sexes and to vary social environments in research programs aimed at lifespan extension and call for further evaluation of the fecundityrestoring effect of methionine. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2013/10/019 | Tools For Model Independent Bounds In Direct Dark Matter Searches | We discuss a framework (based on non-relativistic operators) and a self-contained set of numerical tools to derive the bounds from some current direct detection experiments on virtually any arbitrary model of Dark Matter elastically scattering on nuclei. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.tplants.2009.01.006 | A morphogenetic trigger: is there an emerging concept in plant developmental biology? | Morphogens are involved in the establishment of positional information that is essential for pattern formation. In plants, the phytohormone auxin displays some characteristics of a morphogen. Gradients of auxin distribution are required for tissue patterning within the embryo and the root apex. In some other instances, such as de novo organogenesis, auxin action can be better described in terms of a morphogenetic trigger, which is defined as a factor that induces, through local increase of its concentration, acquisition of a new developmental fate in plant cells that were originally similar to their neighbours. A morphogenetic trigger specifies the site where a new organ will be formed. In plants, formation of reiterative and modular structures might need the action of both morphogenetic triggers and morphogens. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/C8SM00112J | Free Standing Three Dimensional Hollow Bacterial Cellulose Structures With Controlled Geometry Via Patterned Superhydrophobic Hydrophilic Surfaces | Bacteria can produce cellulose, one of the most abundant biopolymer on earth, and emerge as an interesting candidate to fabricate advanced materials. Cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter Xylinus, a bacterial strain, is a pure water insoluble biopolymer, without hemicellulose or lignin. Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits a nanofibrous porous network microstructure with high strength, low density and high biocompatibility and it has been proposed as cell scaffold and wound healing material. The formation of three dimensional (3D) cellulose self-standing structures is not simple. It either involves complex multi-step synthetic procedures or uses chemical methods to dissolve cellulose and remold it. Here we present an in situ single-step method to produce self-standing 3D-BC structures with controllable wall thickness, size and geometry in a reproducible manner. Parameters such as hydrophobicity of the surfaces, volume of the inoculum and time of culture define the resulting 3D-BC structures. Hollow spheres and convex domes can be easily obtained by changing the surface wettability. The potential of these structures as a 3D cell scaffold is exemplified supporting the growth of mouse embryonic stem cells within a hollow spherical BC structure, indicating its biocompatibility and future prospective. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.2140/ant.2017.11.213 | Logarithmic good reduction, monodromy and the rational volume | Let R be a strictly local ring complete for a discrete valuation, with fraction field K and residue field of characteristic p > 0. Let X be a smooth, proper variety over K. Nicaise conjectured that the rational volume of X is equal to the trace of the tame monodromy operator on l-adic cohomology if X is cohomologically tame. He proved this equality if X is a curve. We study his conjecture from the point of view of logarithmic geometry, and prove it for a class of varieties in any dimension: those having logarithmic good reduction. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.3791/58167 | Covalent Immobilization Of Proteins For The Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy | In recent years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) extended our understanding of molecular properties and functions. It gave us the opportunity to explore a multiplicity of biophysical mechanisms, e. g. , how bacterial adhesins bind to host surface receptors in more detail. Among other factors, the success of SMFS experiments depends on the functional and native immobilization of the biomolecules of interest on solid surfaces and AFM tips. Here, we describe a straightforward protocol for the covalent coupling of proteins to silicon surfaces using silane-PEG-carboxyls and the well-established N-hydroxysuccinimid/1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimid (EDC/NHS) chemistry in order to explore the interaction of pilus-1 adhesin RrgA from the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) with the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (Fn). Our results show that the surface functionalization leads to a homogenous distribution of Fn on the glass surface and to an appropriate concentration of RrgA on the AFM cantilever tip, apparent by the target value of up to 20% of interaction events during SMFS measurements and revealed that RrgA binds to Fn with a mean force of 52 pN. The protocol can be adjusted to couple via site specific free thiol groups. This results in a predefined protein or molecule orientation and is suitable for other biophysical applications besides the SMFS. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2549824732 | Taddeo di Bartolo e Rinaldo Brancaccio a Roma: Santa Maria in Trastevere e Santa Maria Maggiore | Taddeo di Bartolo and Rinaldo Brancaccio in Rome: Santa Maria in Trastevere and Santa Maria Maggiore.
The paper reassesses the late career of Taddeo di Bartolo (d. 1422), the most illustrious Sienese painter of the time. By close analysis of a damaged and hardly known fresco formerly in an external tabernacle at Santa Maria in Trastevere, the author argues it to be Taddeo's work about 1420. The attribution confirms, modifies, and expands a tentative suggestion of Serena Romano. The revelation that Taddeo was in Rome substantially reconfigures his last years. A donor portrait and arms indicate that Taddeo's patron was the renowned cardinal and papal diplomat, Rinaldo Brancaccio (d. 1427), known to art historians for his tomb by Donatello and Michelozzo. The author traces the carrers of the painter and the prelate to identify their contact, at Siena in 1407, Pisa in 1409, and Florece about 1419, before Taddeo produced the fresco at Rome. The painting was a precocious effort by one of Martin V's men to renew the desolate Eternal City. Brancaccio's other patronage is examined to reveal that Taddeo formulated a personal, probably votive iconography for the cardinal. Subsequently it was applied in two other Brancaccio painting commissions, and in his marble tomb lunette. The essay also considers the patronage of Masaccio's and Masolino's unususal double-sided polyptych for Santa Maria Maggiore, which is undocumented. Brancaccio has been proposed as its patron, in part because he was archpriest of the great basilica for many years. Recent studies instead point to Antonio Casini, Brancaccio's successor and Taddeo's countryman and bishop, as commissioner. The author reconciles these views by hypothesizing that the notion of a two-sided altarpiece began with Brancaccio. For this enterprise he called Taddeo di Bartolo, veteran painter of a double-face painting at Perugia, to Rome. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
259530 | Communication and Computation - Two Sides of One Tapestry | Networks have been studied in depth for several decades, but one aspect has received little attention: Interference. Most networks use clever algorithms to avoid interference, and this strategy has proved effective for traditional supply-chain or wired communication networks. However, the emergence of wireless networks revealed that simply avoiding interference leads to significant performance loss. A wealth of cooperative communication strategies have recently been developed to address this issue. Two fundamental roadblocks are emerging: First, it is ultimately unclear how to integrate cooperative techniques into the larger fabric of networks (short of case-by-case redesigns); and second, the lack of source/channel separation in networks (i.e., more bits do not imply better end-to-end signal quality) calls for ever more specialized cooperative techniques.
This proposal advocates a new understanding of interference as computation: Interference garbles together inputs to produce an output. This can be thought of as a certain computation, perhaps subject to noise or other stochastic effects. The proposed work will develop strategies that permit to exploit this computational potential. Building on these ``computation codes,'' an enhanced physical layer is proposed: Rather than only forwarding bits, the revised physical layer can also forward functions from several transmitting nodes to a receiver, much more efficiently than the full information. Near-seamless integration into the fabric of existing network architectures is thus possible, providing a solution for the first roadblock. In response to the second roadblock, computation codes suggest new computational primitives as fundamental currencies of information. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/oso/9780190465544.003.0010 | From Hate to Political Solidarity | Hate is currently enjoying the status of summum malum within the common sense of constitutional democracies. Hateful acts are criminalized and hate speech tests the limits of our commitment to free expression. This chapter shifts focus away from hate speech and crime and toward the structural conditions that normalize these various verbal and physical forms of violence. Building on insights from feminist and race critical theory and the sociology of power, it points the reader’s attention to three important dimensions of structural violence only partially captured by the legal definitions of hate speech and crime: the linguistic, the emotional, and the embodied. It then sketches a proposal about the forms of political solidarity we should stimulate as prophylaxis against hate and argues that certain artworks can reveal and confront the naturalized social, political, and cultural hierarchies that underprop hate speech and acts. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1109/ICDMW.2018.00022 | Blockpki An Automated Resilient And Transparent Public Key Infrastructure | This paper describes BlockPKI, a blockchain-based public-key infrastructure that enables an automated, resilient, and transparent issuance of digital certificates. Our goal is to address several shortcomings of the current TLS infrastructure and its proposed extensions. In particular, we aim at reducing the power of individual certification authorities and make their actions publicly visible and accountable, without introducing yet another trusted third party. To demonstrate the benefits and practicality of our system, we present evaluation results and describe our prototype implementation. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
IL 2010000609 W | AN OBJECT ATTACHER AND A METHOD FOR ATTACHING A MOVABLE OBJECT | In one aspect, the present invention is directed to an object attacher (10) comprising: an object's magnet (14) fixed to a movable object (28) moving the object's magnet along a course (24); a first stationary magnet (18) polarized similar to the object's magnet (14) for repulsing thereof, the first stationary magnet (18) fixed adjacent to a first point (B) on the course (24) of the object's magnet (18), allowing passing of the object's magnet (18) therebeyond; and a mechanical barrier (32) to the movable object (28), the barrier limiting the object's magnet (14) from being drawn away from one side (side C) of the magnetic repulsion along the course (24), thereby softly attaching the movable object (28) between boundaries determined by the mechanical barrier (32) and non-maximal magnetic repulsion (34) force between the magnets (14, 18). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2272945869 | A study of quality teaching in the Secondary Schools of Karachi | The present study aimed at finding out the factors affecting the quality teaching at the secondary level. Moreover, this study examined the existing academic and administrative state of schools, how they are supervised, and how they can be made effective to provide quality teaching. The population of the study comprised of the public secondary schools of Karachi. Survey method was used to conduct research. The sample consisted of 400 teachers who were randomly selected from the four towns of Karachi. Twenty two schools were selected through systematic random sampling. The questionnaire was used for collecting data which consisted of 40 items with five-point Likert Scale. The collected data were tabulated, calculated, analyzed, and interpreted in the light of objectives of the study, and the research hypotheses. Moreover, inferential statistics was used for testing of hypotheses i.e. χ2-test. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1039/c7sm00690j | Dynamical theory of the inverted cheerios effect | Recent experiments have shown that liquid drops on highly deformable substrates exhibit mutual interactions. This is similar to the Cheerios effect, the capillary interaction of solid particles at a liquid interface, but now the roles of solid and liquid are reversed. Here we present a dynamical theory for this inverted Cheerios effect, taking into account elasticity, capillarity and the viscoelastic rheology of the substrate. We compute the velocity at which droplets attract, or repel, as a function of their separation. The theory is compared to a simplified model in which the viscoelastic dissipation is treated as a localized force at the contact line. It is found that the two models differ only at small separation between the droplets, and both of them accurately describe experimental observations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-11121-z | Pioneer and repressive functions of p63 during zebrafish embryonic ectoderm specification | The transcription factor p63 is a master regulator of ectoderm development. Although previous studies show that p63 triggers epidermal differentiation in vitro, the roles of p63 in developing embryos remain poorly understood. Here, we use zebrafish embryos to analyze in vivo how p63 regulates gene expression during development. We generate tp63-knock-out mutants that recapitulate human phenotypes and show down-regulated epidermal gene expression. Following p63-binding dynamics, we find two distinct functions clearly separated in space and time. During early development, p63 binds enhancers associated to neural genes, limiting Sox3 binding and reducing neural gene expression. Indeed, we show that p63 and Sox3 are co-expressed in the neural plate border. On the other hand, p63 acts as a pioneer factor by binding non-accessible chromatin at epidermal enhancers, promoting their opening and epidermal gene expression in later developmental stages. Therefore, our results suggest that p63 regulates cell fate decisions during vertebrate ectoderm specification. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2954171506 | Evolving stellar models to find the origins of our galaxy | After the Big Bang, it took about 200 million years before the very first stars would form - now more than 13 billion years ago. Unfortunately, we will not be able to observe these stars directly. Instead, we can observe the 'fossil' records that these stars have left behind, preserved in the oldest stars of our own galaxy. When the first stars exploded as supernovae, their ashes were dispersed and the next generation of stars formed, incorporating some of the debris. We can now measure the chemical abundances in those old stars, which is similar to a genetic fingerprint that allows us to identify the parents. In this paper, we develop a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for identifying the 'parents' of these old stars in our galaxy. The objective is to study the now extinct first stars in the universe - what their properties were, how they lived and died, how many they were, and even how different or alike they were. The GA is evaluated on its effectiveness in finding the right combination of ashes from theoretical models. The solutions found by the GA are compared to observational data. The aim is to find out which theoretical data, i.e., abundances of chemical elements, best matches the current observations. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 77190104 A | Methods and apparatuses for selectively disabling functionality of a device | In one embodiment, the methods and apparatuses for selectively disabling functionality of a device detect a device; detect a device type of the device; and transmit a signal to the device for selectively disabling a function of the device based on the device type. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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