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W2348211864 | Long-term evolution trend prediction for Huangmaohai Sea river bed | According to such characteristics of the estuarine area of Huangmaohai Sea as the significant wave current interaction,the complex sediment movement and the obvious spatial structure,a tidal current and sediment mathematical model of two-dimensional dynamic boundary under the joint action of wave and current flow is established,combining with the third generation wave model SWAN and considering the effect of waves on the sediment carrying capacity.On the basis of analyzing the actual observation data,designing the water and sediment series and verifying the model,the simulation prediction of the longterm evolution of Huangmaohai Sea is realized.The predicted results show that after 20 years,the west beach silting body of Huangmaohai Sea extended southeast,and the contour lines-2mand-3mon the northwest side of Dajin Island extended outward significantly;and the contour line-5mon the north side of Dajin Island extended eastward about 1 400m;the central sand body of Lanmen Sand Beach continuously silted higher,and the Beach extended southeastward,and the contour line-5mextended southeastward about 2300m;the east shoal extended slowly,and the south end of the contour line-3msilted southward long,whose west side is to be eroded slightly and whose east side silted slightly long;the island shadow region of Wankou Island is to be gradually silted shallow;and the contour line-5mbetween Damang Island and Hebao Island will move eastward and westward obviously;and the contour line-10 mon the south of Gaolan Island will move outward about 1 200 mwith the obvious changes.The predicted results and the overall trend reflected by the data analysis are basically consistent.The extending direction and the rate of trough growth were generally consistent with the evolution rules obtained by the recent actually-observed data. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2511459328 | Understanding Public Sector Debt: Financial Vicious Circle under the Soft Budget Constraint | The article explains why debt of public sector organizations grows beyond the sustainable level by focusing on the principal-agent relationship under the soft budget constraint. Specifically, this article explores the extent to which factors affect the level of public sector debt in the context of quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations (quangos) in Korea over the past two decades (1993–2012). The findings from the panel data analysis suggest that the level of public sector debt increases as an outcome of the financial vicious circle created by the soft budget constraint: a knock-on effect of the moral hazard of quangos as well as the opportunistic behavior of political principals. Public sector debt is positively associated with agency-specific factors as well as the factors related to the political incentives such as policy preferences and electoral considerations. However, macroeconomic factors made little difference to the general pattern of the evidence. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.004 | The Importance of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase as a Sensor of Unligated Okazaki Fragments during DNA Replication | Poly(ADP-ribose) is synthesized by PARP enzymes during the repair of stochastic DNA breaks. Surprisingly, however, we show that most if not all endogenous poly(ADP-ribose) is detected in normal S phase cells at sites of DNA replication. This S phase poly(ADP-ribose) does not result from damaged or misincorporated nucleotides or from DNA replication stress. Rather, perturbation of the DNA replication proteins LIG1 or FEN1 increases S phase poly(ADP-ribose) more than 10-fold, implicating unligated Okazaki fragments as the source of S phase PARP activity. Indeed, S phase PARP activity is ablated by suppressing Okazaki fragment formation with emetine, a DNA replication inhibitor that selectively inhibits lagging strand synthesis. Importantly, PARP activation during DNA replication recruits the single-strand break repair protein XRCC1, and human cells lacking PARP activity and/or XRCC1 are hypersensitive to FEN1 perturbation. Collectively, our data indicate that PARP1 is a sensor of unligated Okazaki fragments during DNA replication and facilitates their repair. Hanzlikova et al. propose that PARP1 is a sensor of incompletely processed replication intermediates and suggest that, during normal S phase, a sub-fraction of Okazaki fragments escapes processing by the canonical FEN1 and LIG1 pathway, resulting in a collection of DNA single-strand nicks, gaps, and/or flaps that require processing by a PARP1 and XRCC1-dependent “backup” pathway. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1080/00107514.2019.1631555 | Quantum Thermal Absorption Machines Refrigerators Engines And Clocks | The inexorable miniaturisation of technologies, the relentless drive to improve efficiency and the enticing prospect of boosting performance through quantum effects are all compelling reasons to in. . . | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1969760301 | Phytoextraction: Where’s the action? | Abstract Many articles concerning phytoextraction of trace elements state that it is “an emerging technology that can be used for the low-cost clean-up of contaminated land…”. Given the lack of commercial phytoextraction operations or even successful field trials, we sought to determine whether phytoextraction could ever compete with existing technologies to clean up soil within a realistic time-frame, say 10 are required to reduce the total metal concentration in soil by 50% within 25 years, under conditions that are ideal for phytoextraction. Heterogeneity of both the target element, nutrients, and water in soil, as well as heterogeneity of plant roots has a large, but as-yet unquantified effect on remediation time. Variations in climatic conditions, including drought and flooding can also reduce metal extraction rates. Unlike phytoextraction for soil cleansing, phytomining could theoretically produce valuable crops of metal. However, phytomining suffers from a low efficiency of metal extracted per unit of land. Ironically, phytomining may have a larger ecological footprint than conventional mining. Currently, lack of infrastructure limits its implementation. While our review shows that phytoextraction for soil cleansing and phytomining is currently impractical, it is not our intention to discourage research in this area. The best rebuttal of our analyses would be full-scale field operations. However, investigations of new plants/soils/soil conditioner combinations should at least demonstrate how phytoextraction could work by providing convincing basic mass-balance calculations. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W759734234 | Occupy Central and Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong | (ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Three years after the controversial 2010 electoral reform package was passed by the city's legislature, Hong Kong again stands at a critical juncture the struggle for universal suffrage toward realising full democracy. In Article 45 of the Basic Law, the city's constitution, the selection of the chief executive by universal suffrage is stated as the ultimate aim. However, the same article also stipulates that the selection method shall be specified in light of the actual situation and in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress. (1) Democrats had hoped for the introduction of universal suffrage as soon as 1997, but Article 6 of Annex I to the Basic Law stipulates that the first chief executive shall be selected accordance with the Decision of the National People's Congress (NPC). (2) Because Article 6 only makes specification for the first chief executive, and Article 7 of the same Annex makes provisions for future amendments, the two clauses have been interpreted by democrats as containing the implicit promise that after the first administration, universal suffrage would be introduced as early as 2007. A heavy blow was dealt to such aspirations by Beijing April 2004, when the NPC Standing Committee voted to rule out universal suffrage for the chief executive election 2007. (3) Three years later, it further ruled out universal suffrage for the 2012 election. It was determined at the same session, however, that the election of the fifth chief executive 2017 be implemented by the method of universal suffrage, and that after this all members of the Legislative Council may be elected by universal suffrage. (4) All attention is thus on the current administration, headed by Leung Chun-ying, to launch the reform process toward delivering the first democratically elected chief of the city.As of summer 2013, however, there has been little sign that the leadership intends to commence consultation. The future chief executive, according to the Basic Law, will be elected from a pool of candidates nominated by a broadly representative nominating committee (timing weiyuanhui .. ). Although the exact composition of the committee has yet to be decided, it is believed that Beijing will push for a makeup similar to that of the existing Election Committee (xuanju weiyuanhui ... ), which includes district representatives and lawmakers. Amendments to the Electoral Affairs Commission Ordinance will need to be enacted at least 12 months ahead, and allowing time also for any proposed reform package to be passed through the Legislative Council decisions must be made no later than the final quarter of 2014. (5) Hence, there is urgent need to begin consultation and negotiation as soon as possible. The 1 July march, an annual rally led by the Civil Human Rights Front since the handover, saw a record number of participants since 2004 taking to the streets clamouring for the speedy implementation of democratic reform.This essay will focus on one social movement that has grown out of this context of disillusionment and growing sense of urgency. (zhanling zhonghuan ... ), as it has come to be known, is conceived by Benny Tai Yiu-ting, a moderate law professor, as a last resort strategy to force Beijing to fulfil its promise of democracy. Although it shares the name of the Occupy Wall Street movement New York, the current campaign fights for something rather different. Section one examines the latest debate on electoral reform Hong Kong. Section two demonstrates how Occupy Central presents a unique case study the recent history of social movements the Special Administrative Region (SAR). The following two sections analyse reactions to the movement and seek to answer why Occupy Central, noting how it has not only become the focus of attacks from pro- Beijing groups but has also led certain members of the pan-democratic camp to question its viability. … | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/staa973 | Measuring the baryon acoustic oscillation peak position with different galaxy selections | ABSTRACT
We investigate if, for a fixed number density of targets and redshift, there is an optimal way to select a galaxy sample in order to measure the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale, which is used as a standard ruler to constrain the cosmic expansion. Using the mock galaxy catalogue built by Smith et al. in the Millennium-XXL N-body simulation with a technique to assign galaxies to dark matter haloes based on halo occupation distribution modelling, we consider the clustering of galaxies selected by luminosity, colour and local density. We assess how well the BAO scale can be extracted by fitting a template to the power spectrum measured for each sample. We find that the BAO peak position is recovered equally well for samples defined by luminosity or colour, while there is a bias in the BAO scale recovered for samples defined by density. The BAO position is contracted to smaller scales for the densest galaxy quartile and expanded to large scales for the two least dense galaxy quartiles. For fixed galaxy number density, density-selected samples have higher uncertainties in the recovered BAO scale than luminosity- or colour-selected samples. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
GB 821258 A | Apparatus for wet spinning and stretching artificial filamentary materials, particularly viscose rayon | <PICT:0846520/IV(a)/1> In apparatus for the production of artificial threads, particularly viscose rayon, by wetspinning of the kind in which the filaments, after leaving the coagulating bath, are continuously stretched by passing them in succession over two sets of rotating rollers, the second set having a higher peripheral speed than the first, and in which the filaments, during their passage from the first set of rollers to the second, pass through a bath of hot liquid, said bath is contained in a longitudinal horizontal closed cell having an inlet for the supply of liquid, an orifice at each end for the discharge of the liquid and the passage of the filaments and also at each end, a chamber into which the orifice at the end of the cell leads, which chamber is also provided in its opposite wall with an orifice for the passage of the filaments and, in its bottom wall, with an outlet for the discharge of the liquid which continuously flows into the chamber from the cell. In the example, a bundle of filaments of regenerated cellulose, produced by the extrusion of viscose into a conventional coagulating bath, is withdrawn from the bath by a pair of co-acting rolls whose axes are horizontal and is drawn through a longitudinal horizontal closed cell 10 having an approximately elliptical cross-section and an internal height over four times its internal width. The cell is provided with end chambers 11, 111 having nozzles 12, 121 aligned with the inlet and outlet holes 13, 131 for the filaments. A liquid such as water at 95 DEG C. is introduced into the cell through the inlet 14 and is discharged from the chambers 11, 111 through the outlets 15, 151. Gases and vapours such as carbon bisulphide escape from the cell 10 through the outlet 16 in the top of the cell which slopes upwards to this outlet to prevent the trapping of any gases in the cell while spinning is in progress. The chambers 11, 111 remain filled with bath liquid and thus prevent the building up of deposits of salts at the apertures 13, 131, damage to the filaments during their passage through the apertures thus being prevented. The bundle of filaments travels from the outlet 131 of the stretching cell to a draw roll, the axis of which is vertical. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevC.91.041304 | Ground-state electromagnetic moments of calcium isotopes | Background: The neutron-rich calcium isotopes have gained particular interest as evidence of closed-shell structures has recently been found in two exotic nuclei, at N=32 and N=34. Additionally, the study of such neutron-rich systems has revealed new aspects of nuclear forces, in particular regarding the role of three-nucleon forces. Purpose: We study the electromagnetic properties of Ca isotopes around the neutron number N=32. Methods: High-resolution bunched-beam collinear laser spectroscopy was used to measure the optical hyperfine spectra of the Ca43-51 isotopes. Results: The ground-state magnetic moments of Ca49,51 and quadrupole moments of Ca47,49,51 were measured for the first time, and the Ca51 ground-state spin I=3/2 was determined in a model-independent way. Our experimental results are compared with state-of-the-art shell-model calculations using both phenomenological interactions and microscopic interactions derived from chiral effective field theory. Conclusions: The results for the ground-state moments of neutron-rich isotopes are in excellent agreement with predictions of interactions derived from chiral effective field theory including three-nucleon forces. Lighter isotopes illustrate the presence of particle-hole excitations of the Ca40 core in their ground state. Our results provide a critical test of modern nuclear theories, and give direct answer to the evolution of ground-state electromagnetic properties in the Ca isotopic chain across three doubly closed-shell configurations at N=20, 28, 32 of this unique system. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1596182208 | Water Level Indicator and Temperature Controller | This study aimed to construct an auto filler tank that could be controlled by a stand-alone circuit that has a water-level indicator. The device would automatically fill the tank when the water level was at its minimum and would also automatically close the inlet when the water level was at its maximum. Also, the design had an automatic temperature controller that maintains the required temperature needed by the user. Experimental development and descriptive approaches were the methods used. Two purposively chosen evaluators were requested to assess the functionality and practicality of the water level indicator and temperature controller. Findings showed that the device was helpful to the consumers because it was applicable for sterilization, heating and other applications involving water and temperature. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.5010181 | Digitally Controlled Analog Proportional Integral Derivative Pid Controller For High Speed Scanning Probe Microscopy | Nearly all scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) contain a feedback controller, which is used to move the scanner in the direction of the z-axis in order to maintain a constant setpoint based on the tip-sample interaction. The most frequently used feedback controller in SPMs is the proportional-integral (PI) controller. The bandwidth of the PI controller presents one of the speed limiting factors in high-speed SPMs, where higher bandwidths enable faster scanning speeds and higher imaging resolution. Most SPM systems use digital signal processor-based PI feedback controllers, which require analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. These converters introduce additional feedback delays which limit the achievable imaging speed and resolution. In this paper, we present a digitally controlled analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The controller implementation allows tunability of the PID gains over a large amplification and frequency range, while also providing precise control of the system and reproducibility of the gain parameters. By using the analog PID controller, we were able to perform successful atomic force microscopy imaging of a standard silicon calibration grating at line rates up to several kHz. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201525857 | The Gaia Eso Survey Catalogue Of Hα Emission Stars | We discuss the properties of Hα emission stars across the sample of 22035 spectra from the Gaia-ESO Survey internal data release, observed with the GIRAFFE instrument and largely belonging to stars in young open clusters. Automated fits using two independent Gaussian profiles and a third component that accounts for the nebular emission allow us to discern distinct morphological types of Hα line profiles with the introduction of a simplified classification scheme. All in all, we find 3765 stars with intrinsic emission and sort their spectra into eight distinct morphological categories: single-component emission, emission blend, sharp emission peaks, double emission, P-Cygni, inverted P-Cygni, self-absorption, and emission in absorption. We have more than one observation for 1430 stars in our sample, thus allowing a quantitative discussion of the degree of variability of Hα emission profiles, which is expected for young, active objects. We present a catalogue of stars with properties of their Hα emission line profiles, morphological classification, analysis of variability with time and the supplementary information from the SIMBAD, VizieR, and ADS databases. The records in SIMBAD indicate the presence of Hα emission for roughly 25% of all stars in our catalogue, while at least 305 of them have already been more thoroughly investigated according to the references in ADS. The most frequently identified morphological categories in our sample of spectra are emission blend (23%), emission in absorption (22%), and self-absorption (16%). Objects with repeated observations demonstrate that our classification into discrete categories is generally stable through time, but categories P-Cygni and self-absorption seem less stable, which is the consequence of discrete classification rules, as well as of the fundamental change in profile shape. Such records of emission stars can be valuable for automatic pipelines in large surveys, where it may prove very useful for pinpointing outliers when calculating general stellar properties and elemental abundances. They can be used in studies of star formation processes, interacting binaries, and other fields of stellar physics. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C5TC03411F | Push Pull Dioxaborine As Fluorescent Molecular Rotor Far Red Fluorogenic Probe For Ligand Receptor Interactions | Fluorescent solvatochromic dyes and molecular rotors have attracted considerable attention as fluorogenic probes because of background-free detection of biomolecules in live cells in no-wash conditions. Herein, we introduce a push–pull boron-containing (dioxaborine) dye that presents unique spectroscopic behavior combining solvatochromism and molecular rotor properties. Indeed, in organic solvents, it shows strong red shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra upon increase in solvent polarity, which is typical for push–pull dyes. On the other hand, in polar solvents, where it probably undergoes twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), the dye displays strong dependence of its quantum yield on solvent viscosity, in accordance with the Forster–Hoffmann equation. In comparison to solvatochromic and molecular rotor dyes, the dioxaborine derivative shows an exceptional extinction coefficient (120000 M−1 cm−1), high fluorescence quantum yields and a red/far-red operating spectral range. It also displays much higher photostability in apolar media as compared to Nile Red, a fluorogenic dye of similar color. Its reactive carboxyl derivative has been successfully grafted to carbetocin, a ligand of the oxytocin G protein-coupled receptor. This conjugate exhibits a >1000-fold turn on between apolar 1,4-dioxane and water. It targets specifically the oxytocin receptor at the cell surface, which enables receptor imaging with excellent signal-to-background ratio (>130). We believe that the presented push–pull dioxaborine dye opens a new page in the development of fluorogenic probes for bioimaging applications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1002/hep.24658 | MicroRNA-194 is a target of transcription factor 1 (Tcf1, HNF1α) in adult liver and controls expression of frizzled-6 | Transcription factor 1 (Tcf1; hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α [HNF1α]) is critical for hepatocyte development and function. Whether Tcf1 also regulates hepatic microRNAs (miRNAs) has not been investigated yet. Here we analyzed Tcf1-dependent miRNA expression in adult mice in which this transcription factor had been genetically deleted (Tcf1 -/-) using miRNA microarray analysis. The miR-192/-194 cluster was markedly down-regulated in liver of Tcf1 -/- mice. MiR-192/-194 levels were also decreased in two other tissues that express Tcf1, kidney and small intestine, although to a lesser extent than in liver. In order to identify targets of miR-192/-194 in vivo we combined Affymetrix gene analysis of liver in which miR-192/-194 had been silenced or overexpressed, respectively, and tested regulated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with multiple binding sites for these miRNAs. This approach revealed frizzled-6 (Fzd6) as a robust endogenous target of miR-194. MiR-194 also targets human FZD6 and expression of miR-194 and Fzd6 are inversely correlated in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (Dgcr8 flox/flox p53 flox/flox × Alb-Cre). Conclusion: Our results support a role of miR-194 in liver tumorigenesis through its endogenous target Fzd6. These results may have important implications for Tcf1-mediated liver proliferation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.33392/diam.1495 | Misunderstanding Metaethics: Difficulties Measuring Folk Objectivism and Relativism | Recent research on the metaethical beliefs of ordinary people appears to show that they are metaethical pluralists that adopt different metaethical standards for different moral judgments. Yet the methods used to evaluate folk metaethical belief rely on the assumption that participants interpret what they are asked in metaethical terms. We argue that most participants do not interpret questions designed to elicit metaethical beliefs in metaethical terms, or at least not in the way researchers intend. As a result, existing methods are not reliable measures of metaethical belief. We end by discussing the implications of our account for the philosophical and practical implications of research on the psychology of metaethics. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
interreg_701 | Clusters meet culture: an opportunity for development | As culture is increasingly used as a means of social and economic development, the cultural tourism market is being ?flooded? with attractions, cultural routes and heritage centres. However, many consumers, tired of encountering the serial reproduction of culture in different destinations, are searching for new alternatives. The rise of skilled consumption, the importance of identity and the acquisition of cultural capital in modern society points towards the use of creativity as an alternative to conventional cultural tourism. These trends suggest the reorientation of ?cultural tourism? towards new models. In this sense,the most historical and artistic cities of South East Europe represent not only an important cultural heritage but also an opportunity for the creation of an alternative market. This market would be based on the meeting between culture and the creativity of the surroundig clusters. The CMC project wants to spread the knowledge of production excellences across SEE with the purpose of emphasizing their quality and originality (that correspond to an essential part of the culture and history of these cities), and connect this cultural aspect with already existing tourism flows. The final goal would be to link tourism and local clusters joining manufacturing productions with artistic heritage and cultural production. At the end, the project aims at opening new sales channel across South East Europe, with the main purpose to help small business development. Starting from this assumption, and with the tools mentioned above, the specific objective of the project are: to dilute tourism streams currently concentrated on major cities and distribute them on the hinterlands, which often also offer extraordinary opportunities both in cultural and economics terms; to develop alternative marketing channels for sectors that characterize in both cultural, socio-economical and industrial terms the territories around European Capitals of Culture; to multiply the flows of cultural production and innovation knowledge from the cities towards the industrial districts and create strategic parterships between cultural and industrial production, with the aiming at obtaining reciprocal advantages; to promote access to private capitals for the structural co-financing of-historical and cultural heritage, but also of the broader culture of the territories of the SEE area. For all these reasons, transnational common criteria will be established for local clusters, small business and cultural associations in order to create public/private partnerships for favouring both tourism and cluster development. All PPs will contribute at enabling policies/strategies at national/regional/local level empowering SEE public administrations with management capacities and creating the framework conditions for boosting a true cluster and cultural development. Regional Chamber of Commerce will assist public administrations in drawing up programmes/projects for favouring the creation of public/private partnership. The industrial clusters, supported by new professional figures, will develop new models for selling their products through thematic factory outlets. At the politic/institutional level, cultural policies would have to be strategically re-thought as policies for competitiveness, strongly complementary to innovation policies, with a strong contribution from corporate social responsibility policies and instruments. Starting from this assumption, and with the tools mentioned above, the specific objective of the project are: dilute tourism streams currently concentrated on major cities and distribute them on the hinterlands, offering extraordinary opportunities both in cultural and economics terms; develop alternative marketing channels for sectors that characterize both culturally, socio-economically and in industrial terms the territories around European Capitals of Culture. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/753/8/082020 | Multiscale Aeroelastic Simulations Of Large Wind Farms In The Atmospheric Boundary Layer | In large wind farms, the turbulence induced by each turbine results in high overall turbulence levels that can be detrimental for downstream wind turbine components. In the current study, we scrutinize structural loads and dynamics, and their correlation to turbulent flow structures by conducting aeroelastic simulations in wind farms. To this end, a pseudospectral large-eddy simulation solver is coupled with a multibody dynamics module in a multiscale framework. The multirate approach leads us naturally to the development of an aeroelastic actuator sector model that represents the wind turbine forces on the flow. This makes it computationally feasible to simulate long time horizons of the two-way coupled aeroelastic system. Hence, it allows us to look at the interaction of the turbine structure with the turbulent boundary layer and the wakes of multiple turbine arrays, and to get estimates of damage equivalent loads and structural loading statistics, as longer time series are available. Results are shown for two typical wind farm layouts, i. e. aligned and staggered, for above-rated flow regimes. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1037/emo0000164 | Let's not be indifferent about neutrality: Neutral ratings in the international affective picture system (IAPS) mask mixed affective responses | The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is a picture set used by researchers to select pictures that have been prerated on valence. Researchers rely on the ratings in the IAPS to accurately reflect the degree to which the pictures elicit affective responses. Here we show that this may not always be a safe assumption. More specifically, the scale used to measure valence in the IAPS ranges from positive to negative, implying that positive and negative feelings are end-points of the same construct. This makes interpretation of midpoint, or neutral ratings, especially problematic because it is impossible to tell whether these ratings are the result of neutral, or of mixed feelings. In other words, neutral ratings may not be as neutral as researchers assume them to be. Investigating this, in this work we show that pictures that seem neutral according to the valence ratings in the IAPS indeed vary in levels of ambivalence they elicit. Furthermore, the experience of ambivalence in response to these pictures is predictive of the arousal that people report feeling when viewing these pictures. These findings are of particular importance because neutrality differs from ambivalence in its specific psychological consequences, and by relying on seemingly neutral valance ratings, researchers may unwillingly introduce these consequences into their research design, undermining their level of experimental control. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
802901 | Macroscopic Behavior of Many-Body Quantum Systems | This project is devoted to the analysis of large quantum systems. It is divided in two parts: Part A focuses on the transport properties of interacting lattice models, while Part B concerns the derivation of effective evolution equations for many-body quantum systems. The common theme is the concept of emergent effective theory: simplified models capturing the macroscopic behavior of complex systems. Different systems might share the same effective theory, a phenomenon called universality. A central goal of mathematical physics is to validate these approximations, and to understand the emergence of universality from first principles.
Part A: Transport in interacting condensed matter systems. I will study charge and spin transport in 2d systems, such as graphene and topological insulators. These materials attracted enormous interest, because of their remarkable conduction properties. Neglecting many-body interactions, some of these properties can be explained mathematically. In real samples, however, electrons do interact. In order to deal with such complex systems, physicists often rely on uncontrolled expansions, numerical methods, or formal mappings in exactly solvable models. The goal is to rigorously understand the effect of many-body interactions, and to explain the emergence of universality.
Part B: Effective dynamics of interacting fermionic systems. I will work on the derivation of effective theories for interacting fermions, in suitable scaling regimes. In the last 18 years, there has been great progress on the rigorous validity of celebrated effective models, e.g. Hartree and Gross-Pitaevskii theory. A lot is known for interacting bosons, for the dynamics and for the equilibrium low energy properties. Much less is known for fermions. The goal is fill the gap by proving the validity of some well-known fermionic effective theories, such as Hartree-Fock and BCS theory in the mean-field scaling, and the quantum Boltzmann equation in the kinetic scaling. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1021/jp3083858 | Comparison of approaches for measuring the mass accommodation coefficient for the condensation of water and sensitivities to uncertainties in thermophysical properties | We compare and contrast measurements of the mass accommodation coefficient of water on a water surface made using ensemble and single particle techniques under conditions of supersaturation and subsaturation, respectively. In particular, we consider measurements made using an expansion chamber, a continuous flow streamwise thermal gradient cloud condensation nuclei chamber, the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator, aerosol optical tweezers, and electrodynamic balances. Although this assessment is not intended to be comprehensive, these five techniques are complementary in their approach and give values that span the range from near 0. 1 to 1. 0 for the mass accommodation coefficient. We use the same semianalytical treatment to assess the sensitivities of the measurements made by the various techniques to thermophysical quantities (diffusion constants, thermal conductivities, saturation pressure of water, latent heat, and solution density) and experimental parameters (saturation value and temperature). This represents the first effort to assess and compare measurements made by different techniques to attempt to reduce the uncertainty in the value of the mass accommodation coefficient. Broadly, we show that the measurements are consistent within the uncertainties inherent to the thermophysical and experimental parameters and that the value of the mass accommodation coefficient should be considered to be larger than 0. 5. Accurate control and measurement of the saturation ratio is shown to be critical for a successful investigation of the surface transport kinetics during condensation/evaporation. This invariably requires accurate knowledge of the partial pressure of water, the system temperature, the droplet curvature and the saturation pressure of water. Further, the importance of including and quantifying the transport of heat in interpreting droplet measurements is highlighted; the particular issues associated with interpreting measurements of condensation/evaporation rates with varying pressure are discussed, measurements that are important for resolving the relative importance of gas diffusional transport and surface kinetics. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4614-6348-1_3 | Improved Multipolar Hardy Inequalities | In this paper we prove optimal Hardy-type inequalities for Schrodinger operators with positive multi-singular inverse square potentials of the form
$$A_{\lambda } := -\Delta- \lambda \displaystyle\sum _{1\leq i 0. $$
More precisely, we show that A λ is nonnegative in the sense of L 2 quadratic forms in \({\mathbb{R}}^{N}\), if and only if \(\lambda\leq{(N - 2)}^{2}/{n}^{2}\), independently of the number n and location of the singularities \(x_{i} \in{\mathbb{R}}^{N}\), where N ≥ 3 denotes the space dimension. This aims to complement some of the results in Bosi et al. (Comm. Pure Appl. Anal. 7:533–562, 2008) obtained by the “expansion of the square” method. Due to the interaction of poles, our optimal result provides a singular quadratic potential behaving like \((n - 1){(N - 2)}^{2}/({n}^{2}\vert x - x_{i}{\vert }^{2})\) at each pole x i . Besides, the authors in Bosi et al. (Comm. Pure Appl. Anal. 7:533–562, 2008) showed optimal Hardy inequalities for Schrodinger operators with a finite number of singular poles of the type \(B_{\lambda } := -\Delta-\sum _{i=1}^{n}\lambda /\vert x - x_{i}{\vert }^{2}\), up to lower order L 2-reminder terms. By means of the optimal results obtained for A λ, we also build some examples of bounded domains Ω in which these lower order terms can be removed in H 0 1(Ω). In this way we obtain new lower bounds for the optimal constant in the standard multi-singular Hardy inequality for the operator B λ in bounded domains. The best lower bounds are obtained when the singularities x i are located on the boundary of the domain. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1107/S1399004713032549 | Ensemble refinement shows conformational flexibility in crystal structures of human complement factor D | Human factor D (FD) is a self-inhibited thrombin-like serine proteinase that is critical for amplification of the complement immune response. FD is activated by its substrate through interactions outside the active site. The substrate-binding, or 'exosite', region displays a well defined and rigid conformation in FD. In contrast, remarkable flexibility is observed in thrombin and related proteinases, in which Na+ and ligand binding is implied in allosteric regulation of enzymatic activity through protein dynamics. Here, ensemble refinement (ER) of FD and thrombin crystal structures is used to evaluate structure and dynamics simultaneously. A comparison with previously published NMR data for thrombin supports the ER analysis. The R202A FD variant has enhanced activity towards artificial peptides and simultaneously displays active and inactive conformations of the active site. ER revealed pronounced disorder in the exosite loops for this FD variant, reminiscent of thrombin in the absence of the stabilizing Na+ ion. These data indicate that FD exhibits conformational dynamics like thrombin, but unlike in thrombin a mechanism has evolved in FD that locks the unbound native state into an ordered inactive conformation via the self-inhibitory loop. Thus, ensemble refinement of X-ray crystal structures may represent an approach alternative to spectroscopy to explore protein dynamics in atomic detail. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1039/9781849733441-00199 | Chapter 9 Kinetics And Mechanisms Of Gpcr Activation | The development of several fluorescent approaches has enabled the monitoring the kinetics of GPCR activation and signalling in real-time. Such fluorescent-based assays—first established for isolated reconstituted receptors and later developed to follow the activation of GPCRs in living cells—suggest that GPCR activation can occur faster than previously thought and that different agonists may induce distinct conformations with different speeds of GPCRs activation. Some of those approaches have allowed the detection of both the modulation triggered by allosteric ligands on the receptor conformation and the transconformational switches occurring between two protomers constituting a heterodimer in intact cells. This chapter describes and summarizes recent studies on the agonist-dependent switching behaviour of GPCRs. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C0DT01687J | Detailed Investigations Of Phase Transitions And Magnetic Structure In Fe Iii Mn Ii Co Ii And Ni Ii 3 4 5 Trihydroxybenzoate Gallate Dihydrates By Neutron And X Ray Diffraction | The effect of cation valency on the complex structures of divalent and trivalent transition metal gallates has been examined using a combination of neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and XANES spectroscopy. In the divalent frameworks, M(C7H4O5)·2H2O (M = Mn, Co and Ni), it was found that charge balance was achieved via the presence of protons on the meta-hydroxyl groups. It was also established that these compounds undergo a discontinuous phase transition at lower temperatures, which is driven by the position of the extra-framework water molecules in these materials. By contrast, in the trivalent Fe gallate, Fe(C7H3O5)·2H2O, it was found that the stronger bonding between the meta-hydroxy oxygen and the cations leads to a weakening of the bond between this oxygen and its proton. This is turn is thought to lead to stronger hydrogen bonding with the extra-framework water. The lattice water is disordered in the Fe(III) case, which prevents the phase transition found in the M(II) gallates. Refinement against the neutron diffraction patterns also revealed that the relatively mild microwave synthesis of gallate frameworks in D2O led to an extensive deuteration of the ortho-hydrogen sites on the aromatic ring, which may suggest a more versatile method of deuterating aromatic organics. The antiferromagnetic structure of Co gallate has also been determined. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2121293830 | Paternal age and assisted reproductive outcomes in ICSI donor oocytes: is there an effect of older fathers? | Does paternal age affect semen quality and reproductive outcomes in oocyte donor cycles with ICSI?Paternal age is associated with a decrease in sperm quality, however it does not affect either pregnancy or live birth rates in reproductive treatments when the oocytes come from donors <36 years old and ICSI is used.The weight of evidence suggest that paternal age is associated with decreasing sperm quality, but uncertainty remains as to whether reproductive outcomes are affected. Although developed to treat severe sperm factor infertility, ICSI is gaining popularity and is often used even in the presence of mild male factor infertility.A retrospective cohort study spanning the period between February 2007 and June 2010. A total of 4887 oocyte donation cycles were included.Fertilization was carried out by ICSI in all cycles included, and the semen sample used was from the male partner in all cases. The association of male age with semen parameters (volume, concentration, percentage of motile spermatozoa) was analyzed by multiple analysis of covariance. The association of male age with reproductive outcomes (biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage, ongoing pregnancy and live birth rate) was modeled by logistic regression, where the following covariates were introduced: donor age, recipient age, semen state (fresh versus frozen) and number of transferred embryos (3 and 2 versus 1).We identified a significant relationship between paternal age and all sperm parameters analyzed: for every 5 years of age, sperm volume decreases by 0.22 ml (P < 0.001), concentration increases by 3.1 million sperm/ml (P = 0.003) and percentage motile spermatozoa decreases by 1.2% (P < 0.001). No differences were found in reproductive outcomes (biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and live birth) among different male age groups.The use of donor oocytes, while extremely useful in highlighting the role of male age in reproductive outcomes, limits the generalization of our results to a population of young women with older male partners. No data were available on perinatal and obstetrical outcomes of these pregnancies. Most (75%) cycles used frozen/thawed sperm samples which might have introduced a bias owing to loss of viability after thawing. ICSI was performed in all cycles to control for fertilization method; this technique could mask the natural fertilization rate of poorer sperm samples. Furthermore, we did not use stringent ICSI indications; and our data are therefore not generalizable to cases where only severe male factor is considered. However, male patients were of different racial background, thus allowing generalizing our results to a wider patient base.Our study suggests that paternal age does not affect reproductive outcomes when the oocyte donor is <36 years of age, indicating that ICSI and oocyte quality can jointly overcome the lower reproductive potential of older semen.This study was supported in part by Fundació Privada EUGIN. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1145/2933575.2934525 | A Bifibrational Reconstruction Of Lawvere S Presheaf Hyperdoctrine | Combining insights from the study of type refinement systems and of monoidal closed chiralities, we show how to reconstruct Lawvere’s hyperdoctrine of presheaves using a full and faithful embedding into a monoidal closed bifibration living now over the compact closed category of small categories and distributors. Besides revealing dualities which are not immediately apparent in the traditional presentation of the presheaf hyperdoctrine, this reconstruction leads us to an axiomatic treatment of directed equality predicates (modelled by hom presheaves), realizing a vision initially set out by Lawvere (1970). It also leads to a simple calculus of string diagrams (representing presheaves) that is highly reminiscent of C. S. Peirce’s existential graphs for predicate logic, refining an earlier interpretation of existential graphs in terms of Boolean hyperdoctrines by Brady and Trimble. Finally, we illustrate how this work extends to a bifibrational setting a number of fundamental ideas of linear logic. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1026/0033-3042/a000304 | Wie social media den beruflichen Wissensaustausch fördern können | Zusammenfassung. Im Berufsleben spielt Wissensaustausch eine zentrale Rolle. In diesem Beitrag wird dargestellt, welche Rolle social media – sowohl unternehmensinterne Enterprise Social Networks als auch öffentlich zugängliche social media wie Xing oder Twitter – dabei spielen können. Social media erleichtern die Pflege eines großen und diversen Netzwerks und schaffen damit eine Voraussetzung für den Wissensaustausch. Für den tatsächlichen Wissensaustausch spielen die Lokalisierung von Expertise und Vertrauen eine wichtige Rolle. Zunächst werden generelle Befunde zur Eindrucksbildung und Beziehungspflege auf social media berichtet, bevor darauf eingegangen wird, wie Kommunikation via social media speziell dazu beitragen kann, Experten zu identifizieren und Vertrauen aufzubauen. Erste Ergebnisse zur Überprüfung dieser Prozesse werden vorgestellt und die Desiderate der bisherigen Forschung identifiziert. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
891655 | Precision gravity: from the lhc to lisa | The nascent field of gravitational wave (GW) science will be an interdisciplinary subject, enriching different branches of physics, yet the associated computational challenges are enormous. Faithful theoretical templates are a compulsory ingredient for successful data analysis and reliable physical interpretation of the signals. This is critical, for instance, to study the equation of state of neutron stars, the nature of black holes, and binary formation channels. However, while current templates for compact binary sources may be sufficient for detection and crude parameter estimation, they are too coarse for precision physics with GW data. We then find ourselves in a situation in which, for key processes within empirical reach, theoretical uncertainties may dominate. To move forward, profiting the most from GW observations, more accurate waveforms will be needed.
I have played a pioneering role in the development and implementation of a new formalism, known as the ‘effective field theory approach’, which has been instrumental for the construction of the state-of-the-art GW template bank. The goal of my proposal is thus to redefine the frontiers of analytic understanding in gravity through the effective field theory framework. Even more ambitiously, to go beyond the current computational paradigm with powerful tools which have been crucial for `new-physics' searches at the Large Hadron Collider.
The impact of the high-accuracy calculations I propose to undertake will be immense: from probes of dynamical spacetime and strongly interacting matter, to the potential to discover exotic compact objects and ultra-light particles in nature. Furthermore, GW observations scan gravity in a regime which is otherwise unexplored. Consequently, the coming decade will tell whether Einstein's theory withstands precision scrutiny. In summary, my program will provide novel techniques and key results that will enable foundational investigations in physics through GW precision data. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.052 | Aquatic hazard assessment of a commercial sample of naphthenic acids | This paper presents chemical composition and aquatic toxicity characteristics of a commercial sample of naphthenic acids (NAs). Naphthenic acids are derived from the refining of petroleum middle distillates and can contribute to refinery effluent toxicity. NAs are also present in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), but differences in the NAs compositions from these sources precludes using a common aquatic toxicity dataset to represent the aquatic hazards of NAs from both origins. Our chemical characterization of a commercial sample of NAs showed it to contain in order of abundance, 1-ring>2-ring>acyclic>3-ring acids (~84%). Also present were monoaromatic acids (7%) and non-acids (9%, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur heterocyclic compounds). While the acyclic acids were only the third most abundant group, the five most abundant individual compounds were identified as C10-14 n-acids (n-decanoic acid to n-tetradecanoic acid). Aquatic toxicity testing of fish (Pimephales promelas), invertebrate (Daphnia magna), algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), and bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) showed P. promelas to be the most sensitive species with 96-h LL50=9. 0mgL-1 (LC50=5. 6mgL-1). Acute EL50 values for the other species ranged 24-46mgL-1 (EC50 values ranged 20-30mgL-1). Biomimetic extraction via solid-phase-microextraction (BE-SPME) suggested a nonpolar narcosis mode of toxic action for D. magna, P. subcapitata, and V. fischeri. The BE analysis under-predicted fish toxicity, which indicates that a specific mode of action, besides narcosis, may be a factor for fishes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/s41564-017-0025-2 | Dietary alterations modulate susceptibility to Plasmodium infection | The relevance of genetic factors in conferring protection to severe malaria has been demonstrated, as in the case of sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency 1 . However, it remains unknown whether environmental components, such as dietary or metabolic variations, can contribute to the outcome of infection 2 . Here, we show that administration of a high-fat diet to mice for a period as short as 4 days impairs Plasmodium liver infection by over 90%. Plasmodium sporozoites can successfully invade and initiate replication but die inside hepatocytes, thereby are unable to cause severe disease. Transcriptional analyses combined with genetic and chemical approaches reveal that this impairment of infection is mediated by oxidative stress. We show that reactive oxygen species, probably spawned from fatty acid β-oxidation, directly impact Plasmodium survival inside hepatocytes, and parasite load can be rescued by exogenous administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or the β-oxidation inhibitor etomoxir. Together, these data reveal that acute and transient dietary alterations markedly impact the establishment of a Plasmodium infection and disease outcome. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
649019 | Integrating physiological responses into species distribution models to forecast the effects of future ocean warming and oxygen depletion on fish larvae dynamics | Assessing the effects of climate change in larval ecology is fundamental to predict the future of fish stocks and fish diversity since connectivity among fish populations depends on larval distribution patterns. To forecast these effects on larvae is challenging because each species exhibits specific responses to ocean warming and O2 depletion by improving physiological performance to adapt or shifting dispersal features to preserve climatic niche. Thus, FUTURELARVAE will incorporate physiological responses to rising temperature and O2 depletion into SDMs to mechanistically forecast the future distribution of fish larvae aiming at understanding the magnitude at which climate change will affect the suitability of present vs. future habitats for larvae that exhibit different functional guilds (pelagic vs. demersal) and life history strategies (short vs. long pelagic duration). Experimental biology will be used to produce eco-physiological data representing the larval response to present and future scenarios of climate change. These data will be integrated into SDMs using Bayesian GLMs in order to understand whether these life history strategies will succeed under future climate conditions. For this, experts in environmental computational science (ER), experimental biology (supervisor) and eco-physiology modelling (advisor) will exchange knowledge and complement each other’s know-how. The ER will gain new technical skills on analytical tools, processing of mechanistic models and apply tools to generate science-based advice for the conservation of marine resources. By the end of the MSCA-IF, the ER will have acquired transferable skills in scientific management, leadership, science dissemination/communication and stakeholder engagement and have broaden his network, boosting his career. The ER will acquire much-needed conceptual/technical skills that are in high demand during this UN decade of the Oceans and commitment to SDG14, increasing his employment opportunities. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1002/mds.23990 | Doorway-provoked freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease | Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease can be difficult to study in the laboratory. Here we investigate the use of a variable-width doorway to provoke freeze behavior together with new objective methods to measure it. With this approach we compare the effects of anti-parkinsonian treatments (medications and deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus) on freezing and other gait impairments. Ten "freezers" and 10 control participants were studied. Whole-body kinematics were measured while participants walked at preferred speed in each of 4 doorway conditions (no door present, door width at 100%, 125%, and 150% of shoulder width) and in 4 treatment states (offmeds/offstim, offmeds/onstim, onmeds/offstim, onmeds/onstim). With no doorway, the Parkinson's group showed characteristic gait disturbances including slow speed, short steps, and variable step timing. Treatments improved these disturbances. The Parkinson's group slowed further at doorways by an amount inversely proportional to door width, suggesting a visuomotor dysfunction. This was not improved by either treatment alone. Finally, freeze-like events were successfully provoked near the doorway and their prevalence significantly increased in narrower doorways. These were defined clinically and by 2 objective criteria that correlated well with clinical ratings. The risk of freeze-like events was reduced by medication but not by deep-brain stimulation. Freeze behavior can be provoked in a replicable experimental setting using the variable-width doorway paradigm, and measured objectively using 2 definitions introduced here. The differential effects of medication and deep-brain stimulation on the gait disturbances highlight the complexity of Parkinsonian gait disorders and their management. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.037 | Structures of Neural Correlation and How They Favor Coding | The neural representation of information suffers from "noise"-the trial-to-trial variability in the response of neurons. The impact of correlated noise upon population coding has been debated, but a direct connection between theory and experiment remains tenuous. Here, we substantiate this connection and propose a refined theoretical picture. Using simultaneous recordings from a population of direction-selective retinal ganglion cells, we demonstrate that coding benefits from noise correlations. The effect is appreciable already in small populations, yet it is a collective phenomenon. Furthermore, the stimulus-dependent structure of correlation is key. We develop simple functional models that capture the stimulus-dependent statistics. We then use them to quantify the performance of population coding, which depends upon interplays of feature sensitivities and noise correlations in the population. Because favorable structures of correlation emerge robustly in circuits with noisy, nonlinear elements, they will arise and benefit coding beyond the confines of retina. Coding in the brain suffers from the variability of neural responses. Using experiment and theory, Franke et al. show that this "noise" comes with a particular structure, which emerges from circuit properties and which counteracts the harmful effect of variability. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1985807832 | Evaluation of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9: Focus on Potential Clinical and Therapeutic Implications for Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering | Reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with a decrease in coronary heart disease (CHD). Statins are currently the most effective medications for LDL-C lowering; however, there continues to be a residual risk for cardiovascular events. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protease that promotes LDL receptor degradation, leading to an increase in LDL-C blood levels. Patients with PCSK9 gain-of-function mutations can have up to a 20-fold increase in associated CHD compared with patients without these mutations. Conversely, patients with PCSK9 loss-of-function mutations can have up to an 88% reduction in CHD without any deficits in neurologic or physiologic functions. PCSK9 can be modulated by current antihyperlipidemic therapies. In particular, statins lead to an increase in PCSK9, which may attenuate their full lipid-lowering effects. These attributes have made PCSK9 inhibition a desirable target for future drug therapies. Current investigational modalities inhibiting PCSK9 will also be discussed. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1004035 | ESCRT-I Mediates FLS2 Endosomal Sorting and Plant Immunity | The plant immune receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) is present at the plasma membrane and is internalized following activation of its ligand flagellin (flg22). We show that ENDOSOMAL SORTING COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT (ESCRT)-I subunits play roles in FLS2 endocytosis in Arabidopsis. VPS37-1 co-localizes with FLS2 at endosomes and immunoprecipitates with the receptor upon flg22 elicitation. Vps37-1 mutants are reduced in flg22-induced FLS2 endosomes but not in endosomes labeled by Rab5 GTPases suggesting a defect in FLS2 trafficking rather than formation of endosomes. FLS2 localizes to the lumen of multivesicular bodies, but this is altered in vps37-1 mutants indicating compromised endosomal sorting of FLS2 by ESCRT-I loss-of-function. VPS37-1 and VPS28-2 are critical for immunity against bacterial infection through a role in stomatal closure. Our findings identify that VPS37-1, and likewise VPS28-2, regulate late FLS2 endosomal sorting and reveals that ESCRT-I is critical for flg22-activated stomatal defenses involved in plant immunity. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.10.006 | Can climate change lead to gap formation? | Consider a situation where spatial heterogeneity leads to a cline, a gradual transition in dominance of two competing species. We first prove, in the context of a simplified competition-diffusion model, that there exists a stationary solution showing that the two species coexist in a transition zone. What happens then if, owing to climate change, the environmental profile moves with constant speed in space? We show here that, when the speed with which the environmental condition shifts exceeds the Fisher invasion speed of the advancing species, an expanding gap will form. We raise the question of whether such a phenomenon has been or can be observed. | [
"Mathematics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1145/2940716.2940773 | Blockchain Mining Games | We study the strategic considerations of miners participating in the bitcoin's protocol. We formulate and study the stochastic game that underlies these strategic considerations. The miners collectively build a tree of blocks, and they are paid when they create a node (mine a block) which will end up in the path of the tree that is adopted by all. Since the miners can hide newly mined nodes, they play a game with incomplete information. Here we consider two simplified forms of this game in which the miners have complete information. In the simplest game the miners release every mined block immediately, but are strategic on which blocks to mine. In the second more complicated game, when a block is mined it is announced immediately, but it may not be released so that other miners cannot continue mining from it. A miner not only decides which blocks to mine, but also when to release blocks to other miners. In both games, we show that when the computational power of each miner is relatively small, their best response matches the expected behavior of the bitcoin designer. However, when the computational power of a miner is large, he deviates from the expected behavior, and other Nash equilibria arise. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
Q7283175 | AACC Clinical Lab Expo dal 28.07.-30.07.2015 ad Atlan ta | Partecipazione allo stand della comunità Berlin-Brandenburger all'AACC Clinical Lab Expo dal 28.07.-30.07.2015 ad Atlanta/USA | [
"Other"
]
|
Q4936229 | (14508.17092020.172000145) PURCHASE OF FORKLIFT | THE COMPANY? TOSCOCONTINENTAL SRL DEALS WITH THE PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS; HE HAS PLANNED THE PURCHASE OF A FORKLIFT AND A MOTORISED LOADING RAMP TO MOVE GOODS DURING THE COMPANY’S PRODUCTION PROCESSES. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W3192995410 | Convergence rate for the incompressible limit of nonlinear diffusion–advection equations | from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Convergence rate for the incompressible limit of nonlinear diffusion-advection equations | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.actamat.2014.11.025 | Multiphase microstructures via confined precipitation and dissolution of vessel phases: Example of austenite in martensitic steel | We present a novel method to locally control the constitution, morphology, dispersion and transformation behavior of multiphase materials. The approach is based on the targeted, site-specific formation and confined dissolution of precipitated carbides or intermetallic phases. These dispersoids act as "vessels" or "containers" for specific alloying elements forming controlled chemical gradients within the microstructure upon precipitation and subsequent (partial) dissolution at elevated temperatures. The basic processing sequence consists of three subsequent steps, namely: (i) matrix homogenization (conditioning step); (ii) nucleation and growth of the vessel phases (accumulation step); and (iii) (partial) vessel dissolution (dissolution step). The vessel phase method offers multiple pathways to create dispersed microstructures by the variation of plain thermomechanical parameters such as time, temperature and deformation. This local microstructure design enables us to optimize the mechanical property profiles of advanced structural materials such as high strength steels at comparatively lean alloy compositions. The approach is demonstrated on a 11. 6Cr-0. 32C (wt. %) steel, where by using M23C6 carbides as a vessel phase, Cr and C can be locally enriched so that the thus-lowered martensite start temperature allows the formation of a significant quantity of retained austenite (up to 14 vol. %) of fine dispersion and controlled morphology. The effects of processing parameters on the obtained microstructures are investigated, with a focus on the dissolution kinetics of the vessel carbides. The approach is referred to as vessel microstructure design. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
832874 | Mapping out the poetic landscape(s) of the Roman empire: Ethnic and regional variations, socio-cultural diversity, and cross-cultural transformations | Poetry was the most affordable art form in the Roman world: all it required were words, and someone with a talent to arrange them in a meaningful, aesthetically convincing way. Yet, the study of Latin poetry has traditionally almost exclusively focused on a small, judiciously transmitted canon of texts – a segment of Rome’s artistic production that favours the poetry that was produced, enjoyed, and controlled, by a political, social, and financial urban elite, reinforcing their claim to cultural superiority.
Focusing on a body of over 4,000 Latin verse inscriptions that have survived from the third century B. C. to Late Antiquity and cover the Roman empire in its entirety, representing ancient Rome’s middle and lower social strata in particular, MAPPOLA is an unprecedented effort to democratise our understanding of Roman poetry.
A fundamentally multidisciplinary project that will make use of recent methodological advances in linguistic, historical, and archaeological scholarship, MAPPOLA’s prime aim is fundamentally to reassess the verse inscriptions as evidence for poetry as a ubiquitous, inclusive cultural practice of the people of ancient Rome beyond the palaces of its urban aristocracy. It will provide answers to the following questions: How is the empire’s considerable regional and ethnic diversity reflected in the engagement with inscribed verse? How and where did poetic landscapes emerge, and what inspired them? What was the cultural and social significance of inscribed Latin verse? How did subcultures and poetic subversion take shape? How did inscribed poetry transcend and transgress artificially imposed boundaries and abstractions?
Over five years, organised into five integrated Work Packages and firmly rooted in the PI’s long-term vision, MAPPOLA will open a new area of empirical and quantitative research, alongside traditional qualititative approaches, into Latin poetry and its European legacy. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1101/cshperspect.a013284 | The contribution of systematic approaches to characterizing the proteins and functions of the endoplasmic reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex organelle responsible for a range of functions including protein folding and secretion, lipid biosynthesis, and ion homeostasis. Despite its central and essential roles in eukaryotic cells during development, growth, and disease, many ER proteins are poorly characterized. Moreover, the range of biochemical reactions that occur within the ER membranes, let alone how these different activities are coordinated, is not yet defined. In recent years, focused studies on specific ER functions have been complemented by systematic approaches and innovative technologies for high-throughput analysis of the location, levels, and biological impact of given components. This article focuses on the recent progress of these efforts, largely pioneered in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and also addresses how future systematic studies can be geared to uncover the "dark matter" of uncharted ER functions. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110942 | Analysing energy innovation portfolios from a systemic perspective | A systemic perspective on energy innovation is required to design effective portfolios of directed innovation activity. We contribute a standardised set of technology-specific indicators which describe processes throughout the energy technology innovation system, ranging from patents and publications to policy mixes, collaborative activity, and market share. Using these indicators, we then conceptualise and develop benchmark tests for three portfolio design criteria: balance, consistency, and alignment. Portfolio balance refers to the relative emphasis on specific technologies. Portfolio consistency refers to the relative emphasis on related innovation system processes. Portfolio alignment refers to the relative emphasis on innovation system processes for delivering targeted outcomes. We demonstrate the application of these benchmark tests using data for the EU's Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan which spans six technology fields. We find the SET Plan portfolio generally performs well particularly in areas over which portfolio managers have direct influence such as RD&D funding. However we also identify potential areas of imbalance, inconsistency, and misalignment which warrant further attention and potential redress by portfolio managers. Overall, we show how energy innovation portfolios can be analysed from a systemic perspective using a replicable, standardised set of measures of diverse innovation system processes. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
222392 | Lewis acid promoted copper catalysis to functionalise and dearomatise arenes | Aromatic compounds are cheap and readily available, making them ideal starting materials for the synthesis of chiral alicyclic compounds, important synthetic building blocks for both natural product synthesis and drug discovery. However, general strategies for efficient, catalytic dearomatisation of aromatics are lacking.
This proposal aims to fill this gap by developing general asymmetric methods for dearomatisation reactions of both electron-rich and electron-deficient aromatics. It relies on an innovative approach based on LA activation of the arenes, followed by copper catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, with a special focus on environmentally benign and cost-effective processes.
To achieve the overall aim of the proposed project, the research program is composed of four distinct but complementary research lines aiming at catalytic asymmetric dearomatisation/carbon-carbon bond forming reactions using:
- Electron-deficient carbonyl substituted arenes
- Pyridines and other N-containing heteroarenes
- Phenols and anilines and fused analogues
- Benzylic aromatic systems
The remarkable and novel feature of this strategy is that it enables for the first time selective catalytic asymmetric dearomatisations of various classes of aromatic substrates following a general, unified concept. Furthermore, since sequential bond constructions take place in a single synthetic operation, a rapid increase of molecular complexity can be achieved at greatly reduced cost and increased atom-efficiency, thereby contributing to a more sustainable future. Consequently, there is huge potential for this strategy to become an invaluable instrument to access a wide variety of chiral carbocyclic compounds and I anticipate it will have a significant impact in the field of organic synthesis. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1021/nn200019s | Taking advantage of unspecific interactions to produce highly active magnetic nanoparticle?antibody conjugates | Several strategies for linking antibodies (Abs) through their Fc region in an oriented manner have been proposed at the present time. By using these strategies, the Fab region of the Ab is available for antigen molecular recognition, leading to a more efficient interaction. Most of these strategies are complex processes optimized mainly for the functionalization of surfaces or microbeads. These methodologies imply though the Ab modification through several steps of purification or the use of expensive immobilized proteins. Besides, the functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) turned out to be much more complex than expected due to the lack of stability of most MNPs at high ionic strength and non-neutral pH values. Therefore, there is still missing an efficient, easy and universal methodology for the immobilization of nonmodified Abs onto MNPs without involving their Fab regions during the immobilization process. Herein, we propose the functionalization of MNPs via a two-steps strategy that takes advantage of the ionic reversible interactions between the Ab and the MNP. These interactions make possible the orientation of the Ab on the MNP surface before being attached in an irreversible way via covalent bonds. Three Abs (Immunoglobulin G class) with very different isoelectric points (against peroxidase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) were used to prove the general applicability of the strategy here proposed and its utility for the development of more bioactive NPs. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
219521 | Partial differential equation model-based control of traffic flow | A new framework is introduced for control and estimation of traffic flow in freeways and arterials. In the new methodology,
feedforward and feedback control designs are developed, based on continuum in time and space traffic-flow models, which
assign to the traffic flow the desired shape, with an a priori prescribed convergence rate and for any initial traffic profile. The
novel control and estimation algorithms require minimum amount of information since they utilize measurements at the
entries and exits of the freeway and arterial links. The designs are accompanied with tools for verification that are
introduced, which provide quantified actual performance guarantees and robustness margins of the proposed algorithms.
The methodology is validated in simulation, using fictitious and real data of traffic, and/or in a real traffic system. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/s10955-019-02378-1 | Loop-Erased Walks and Random Matrices | It is well known that there are close connections between non-intersecting processes in one dimension and random matrices, based on the reflection principle. There is a generalisation of the reflection principle for more general (e. g. planar) processes, due to Fomin, in which the non-intersection condition is replaced by a condition involving loop-erased paths. In the context of independent Brownian motions in suitable planar domains, this also has close connections to random matrices. An example of this was first observed by Sato and Katori (Phys Rev E 83:041127, 2011). We present further examples which give rise to various Cauchy-type ensembles. We also extend Fomin’s identity to the affine setting and show that in this case, by considering independent Brownian motions in an annulus, one obtains a novel interpretation of the circular orthogonal ensemble. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1145/3316781.3317814 | Embedding Functions Into Reversible Circuits A Probabilistic Approach To The Number Of Lines | In order to compute a non-invertible function on a reversible circuit, one needs to "embed" the function into a larger function which has some garbage bits, corresponding to additional lines. The problem of determining the minimal number of garbage bits that are needed to embed a given function has attracted extensive research, largely motivated by quantum computing, where the number of lines equals the number of qubits. However, all approaches that are known have either no theoretical quality guarantees (bounds on approximation factors) or require exponential runtime. We present an efficient probabilistic approximation algorithm with theoretical bounds. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1591095709 | ANALISIS KOMPARASI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH METODE SRI (System of Rice Intensification) DAN KONVENSIONAL DI KECAMATAN GERIH KABUPATEN NGAWI | Rice production policy becomes core policy in agricultural development.
About problem at the site is, progressively descent of farm advocate energy by marks
sense acreage narrowing, its dwindling is level soiled fecundity, so needs to mark
sense conducting technology innovation paddy as SRI method.
To the effort of observational is (1) For explain to methodic paddy
conducting SRI at Gerih district Ngawi Regency, (2) Compare cultivation cost and
income structure paddies SRI Methods and Conventional at Gerih district Ngawi
Regency, (3) Account cultivation efficiencies paddies SRI Methods and
Conventional at Gerih district Ngawi Regency.
Observational region determination done by Purposive methods, with
consideration was performed SRI program that formalized by East Java Governor.
Population in observational is paddy ciherang varieties farmer at Gerih district by
SRI Methods and Conventional. Sampling method utilizes Purposive Sampling.
Total sample that is taken as much 40 farmers spread at Gerih district.
Analysis’s method data that is utilized is: (1) Descriptive Analysis, to
clarifies paddy conducting SRI Methods, (2) t tests analysis, to analize cost structure
compare and income, (3) Cultivation Feasibility Analysis’s is utilized to account
efficiencies.
Base observational result, averagely SRI farmer production cost as big as Rp.
15.697.750,00 greater of conventional farmer (Rp.12.926.400,00). The t test point
out a marked difference among SRI farmer production cost with conventional
farmer. Average accepting for SRI farmer as big as Rp. 22.727.550,00 higher than
accepting conventional farmer as big as Rp. 18.062.650,00. By t test point out a
marked difference among accepting SRI farmer with conventional farmer. Average
interest for SRI farmer as big as Rp. 7.029.850,00 greater than level interest
conventional farmer as big as Rp. 5.136.250,00. By t test point out a marked
difference among income SRI farmer with conventional farmer.
R/C Ratio point show 1,46 for SRI method and 1,40 for Conventional
method, so all cultivation it is said efficient. But SRI technology can assign value
R/C ratio that greater, namely with difference as big as 0.6 unit, and remembers this
technology still new so its potentially to be developed. B/C Ratio Incremental point
as big as 0,68 its means paddy cultivation methods SRI more advantage as big as
0,68 unit at appeal by methods conventional, so SRI method reasonably to be advised
the use of by farmer. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.ces.2014.05.036 | Direct numerical simulation of fluid flow accompanied by coupled mass and heat transfer in dense fluid-particle systems | In this paper we report the extension of an earlier reported DNS method ( Deen et al. , 2012; Deen and Kuipers, 2013) based on a novel Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) which incorporates the fluid-solid coupling at the level of the discrete field equations. The extended method is used to study coupled mass and heat transport in dense fluid-particle systems where the coupling arises as a consequence of an exothermal chemical reaction proceeding at the exterior surface of the particles. Following a detailed verification (using an independent numerical technique) and validation (using established empirical correlations) we apply our DNS technique to study coupled mass and heat transfer in a dense fluid-particle system. In addition a comparison is made with results obtained from a simple one-dimensional (1D) heterogeneous reactor model which uses empirical closures for the fluid-particle mass and heat transfer coefficients. The main features of the complex transient temperature profiles obtained from our DNS agree quite well with the corresponding profiles obtained from the 1D heterogeneous reactor model. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/107/10012 | Evidence For A Bose Einstein Condensate Of Excitons | The demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases at micro-Kelvin temperatures is a striking landmark while its evidence for semiconductor excitons still is a long-awaited milestone. This situation was not foreseen because excitons are light-mass boson-like particles with a condensation expected to occur around a few Kelvins. An explanation can be found in the underlying fermionic nature of excitons which rules their condensation. Precisely, it was recently predicted that, at accessible experimental conditions, the exciton condensate shall be "gray" with a dominant dark part coherently coupled to a weak bright component through fermion exchanges. This counter-intuitive quantum condensation, since excitons are mostly known for their optical activity, directly follows from the excitons internal structure which has an optically inactive, i. e. , dark, ground state. Here, we report compelling evidence for such a "gray" condensate. We use an all-optical approach in order to produce microscopic traps which confine a dense exciton gas that yet exhibits an anomalously weak photo-emission at sub-Kelvin temperatures. This first fingerprint for a "gray" condensate is then confirmed by the macroscopic spatial coherence and the linear polarization of the weak excitonic photoluminescence emitted from the trap, as theoretically predicted. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W204624319 | [A clinical trial of ultrasound-guided facet joint block in the lumbar spine to treat facet joint related low back pain]. | To determine the feasibility and clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided facet joint injection and nerve block in lumbar facet joint for the treatment of facet-joint related low back pain.20 patients with facet-joint pain were randomized into two groups received block blindly (B group) or guided by ultrasound (US group) respectively. The location of needle tip was confirmed by CT in both groups, and the accuracy was computed afterwards. VAS score, puncture time and one-time puncture success rate (%) were recorded. VAS scores and pain remission rates in both groups were recorded at 30 min, 1 d, 2 d, 6 weeks after the block.The VAS scores were 3.3 +/- 0.4 in US group and 1.2 +/- 0.3 in B group (P < 0.05). The puncture time was (206 +/- 27) s in US group while (397 +/- 31) s in B group (P < 0.05). There were 37 facet joint blocks guided by ultrasound, in which 32 were correctly targeted with the first puncture. The success rate is 86.5%. There were 35 facet joint blocks blindly, in which 11 were correctly targeted with the first puncture. The success rate is 31.4%. The difference of one-time puncture success rate between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Differences of VAS and pain remission rate at half an hour after facet joint injection between B group and US group were significant (P < 0.05). There were 8, 9, 9, and 9 patients in US group obtaining a reduction in VAS scores > or = 3 at 30 min, 1 d, 2 d and 6 weeks after the procedure respectively, while the numbers of such patients were 5, 6, 5, 5 in B group (P > 0.05). After 6 weeks of follow-up, the overall remission rates were (72.3 +/- 14.0)% in US group, and (56.7 +/- 11.0)% in B group, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).The ultrasound-guided lumbar facet joint injection technique had a high feasibility and accuracy, and had better clinical efficacy than block blindly. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
817492 | Searching for the Approximation Method used to Perform rationaL inference by INdividuals and Groups | Over the past two decades, a wave of Bayesian explanations has swept through cognitive science, explaining behaviour in domains from intuitive physics and causal learning, to perception, motor control and language. Yet people produce stunningly incorrect answers in response to even the simplest questions about probabilities. How can a supposedly Bayesian brain paradoxically reason so poorly with probabilities? Perhaps Bayesian brains do not represent or calculate probabilities at all and are, indeed, poorly adapted to do so. Instead the brain could be approximating Bayesian inference through sampling: drawing samples from its distribution over likely hypotheses over time.
This work aims to put meat on the bones of this hypothesis by identifying the kinds of algorithms used by the brain to draw samples. Previous proposals of simple sampling algorithms both do not match human data, nor scale well to more complex probability distributions and hypothesis spaces. In our first work programme, we will investigate advanced algorithms that have been developed in computer science and statistics, to see which one is employed by the brain to draw samples.
A catalog of reasoning errors has been used to argue against a Bayesian brain, but only with infinite samples does a Bayesian sampler conform to the laws of probability. In our second work programme, we will show how with finite samples the sampling algorithm we identify systematically generates classic probabilistic reasoning errors in individuals, upending the longstanding consensus on these effects. In our third work programme, we will apply the algorithm to group decision making, investigating how the sampling algorithm provides a new perspective on group decision making biases and errors in financial decision making, and harness the algorithm to produce novel and effective ways for human and artificial experts to collaborate. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
DE 9802532 W | SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT LIMITER FOR A CONVERTER CIRCUIT WITH A CAPACITIVE ACCUMULATOR | The invention relates to a short-circuit current limiter, comprising at least one power semiconductor switch (T1, ..., T6) with a corresponding free-wheeling diode (D1, ..., D6) as well as at least one capacitive accumulator (C), which create a short-circuit mesh in the event of a short circuit. According to the invention at least one passive semiconductor current limiter (12) made of silicon carbide is arranged in said short-circuit mesh. In this way, in the event of a short circuit the short-circuit current is limited in a very short time to the limit current (Ilimit) of the passive semiconductor current limiter (12) while placing very little load on the power semiconductor switch (T1, ..., T6). | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
631034 | Mucosal antibody and b cell responses during tuberculosis | Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), kills up to 1.5 million people every year. Despite sustained scientific attention, there is no effective vaccine, multidrug-resistant Mtb strains are on the rise, and impoverished people with little access to long, expensive treatments continue to bear the brunt of disease. A critical barrier to the development of an effective TB vaccine is our incomplete understanding of what constitutes a protective immune response.
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for B cells and antibodies in preventing and alleviating TB. Existing studies show that some Mtb-specific antibodies found in blood may confer protection against infection. However, whether such protective antibodies exist at the site of infection and in what quantity remains unknown. The goal of this project is to characterise antibody responses in the lung mucosa of mycobacteria-infected mice and humans, and to assess their relationship to protection versus disease. First, I will identify the antigenic targets of antibodies isolated from lung and lymphoid organs of infected mice by proteomics. Then I will use tetramer-based enrichment and single cell RNA sequencing to investigate the dynamics, transcriptional regulation and B cell receptor repertoires of lung-resident, antigen-specific B cells – the source of lung mucosal antibodies. Finally, I will translate these findings from the mouse model to humans, using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a clinical study of TB patients with different grades of TB susceptibility. This approach will allow me to assess the existence of these mucosal antibodies in humans and to investigate their function and protective potential. Combining the mouse infection model with this unique TB patient cohort represents a unique opportunity to address the impact of humoral immunity in the lung mucosa, thus providing a sound basis for the development of mucosal airway vaccines against TB. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.05864 | MorphoGraphX: A platform for quantifying morphogenesis in 4D | Morphogenesis emerges from complex multiscale interactions between genetic and mechanical processes. To understand these processes, the evolution of cell shape, proliferation and gene expression must be quantified. This quantification is usually performed either in full 3D, which is computationally expensive and technically challenging, or on 2D planar projections, which introduces geometrical artifacts on highly curved organs. Here we present MorphoGraphX (www. MorphoGraphX. org), a software that bridges this gap by working directly with curved surface images extracted from 3D data. In addition to traditional 3D image analysis, we have developed algorithms to operate on curved surfaces, such as cell segmentation, lineage tracking and fluorescence signal quantification. The software’s modular design makes it easy to include existing libraries, or to implement new algorithms. Cell geometries extracted with MorphoGraphX can be exported and used as templates for simulation models, providing a powerful platform to investigate the interactions between shape, genes and growth. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/s41388-019-0802-x | The anti-malarial drug chloroquine sensitizes oncogenic NOTCH1 driven human T-ALL to γ-secretase inhibition | T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer arising from T-cell progenitors. Although current treatments, including chemotherapy and glucocorticoids, have significantly improved survival, T-ALL remains a fatal disease and new treatment options are needed. Since more than 60% of T-ALL cases bear oncogenic NOTCH1 mutations, small molecule inhibitors of NOTCH1 signalling; γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI), are being actively investigated for the treatment of T-ALL. Unfortunately, GSI have shown limited clinical efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities. We hypothesized that by combining known drugs, blocking NOTCH activity through another mechanism, may synergize with GSI enabling equal efficacy at a lower concentration. Here, we show that the clinically used anti-malarial drug chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of lysosomal function and autophagy, decreases T-ALL cell viability and proliferation. This effect of CQ was not observed in GSI-resistant T-ALL cell lines. Mechanistically, CQ impairs the redox balance, induces ds DNA breaks and activates the DNA damage response. CQ also interferes with intracellular trafficking and processing of oncogenic NOTCH1. Interestingly, we show for the first time that the addition of CQ to γ-secretase inhibition has a synergistic therapeutic effect on T-ALL and reduces the concentration of GSI required to obtain a reduction in cell viability and a block of proliferation. Overall, our results suggest that CQ may be a promising repurposed drug in the treatment of T-ALL, as a single treatment or in combination with GSI, increasing the therapeutic ratio. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-662-48057-1_14 | Relating Paths In Transition Systems The Fall Of The Modal Mu Calculus | We revisit Janin and Walukiewicz’s classic result on the expressive completeness of the modal mu-calculus w. r. t. MSO, when transition systems are equipped with a binary relation over paths. We obtain two natural extensions of MSO and the mu-calculus: MSOwith path relation and the jumping mu-calculus. While “bounded-memory” binary relations bring about no extra expressivity to either of the two logics, “unbounded-memory” binary relations make the bisimulation-invariant fragment of MSO with path relation more expressive than the jumping mu-calculus: the existence of winning strategies in games with imperfect-information inhabits the gap. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1978451552 | Modeling and Simulation of Five-Axis Milling Machine Based on ADAMS | A method for motion control and analysis of five-axis milling machine was proposed by means of simulation. The method started from solid modeling of five-axis milling machine in PRO/E, and then imported the model into ADAMS, generating its own solid model, through seamless interface software Mechanism/Pro 2005. Therefore, co-simulation of PRO/E and ADAMS was realized. On the platform of ADAMS, constraints and drivers necessary for simulation was added to the solid model and the simulation was begun. During the simulation process, motion parameters of each head were produced, and these information directly provided a control basis for NC machining of five-axis milling machine. Thus, the performance study of five-axis milling machine through simulation was realized on the computer and it provided an effective method for the engineering design of the machine. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1162/105474603322391631 | Real Handball Goalkeeper Vs Virtual Handball Thrower | Virtual reality offers new tools for human motion understanding. Several applications have been widely used in teleoperation, military training, driving and flying simulators, and so forth. We propose to test if virtual reality is a valid training tool for the game of handball. We focused on the duel between a handball goalkeeper and a thrower. To this end, we defined a pilot experiment divided into two steps: an experiment with real subjects and another one with virtual throwers. The throwers' motions were captured in order to animate their avatar in a reality center. In this paper, we focused on the evaluation of presence when a goalkeeper is confronting these avatars. To this end, we compared the goalkeeper's gestures in the real and in the virtual experiment to determine if virtual reality engendered the same movements for the same throw. Our results show that gestures did not differ between the real and virtual environment. As a consequence, we can say that the virtual environment offered enough realism to initiate natural gestures. Moreover, as in real games, we observed the goalkeeper's anticipation to allow us to use virtual reality in future work as a way to understand the goalkeeper and thrower interactions. The main originality of this work was to measure presence in a sporting application with new evaluation methods based on motion capture. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1113/jphysiol.2011.208637 | Dichotomous cellular properties of mouse orexin/hypocretin neurons | Hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/Orx) neurons recently emerged as critical regulators of sleep-wake cycles, reward seeking and body energy balance. However, at the level of cellular and network properties, it remains unclear whether Hcrt/Orx neurons are one homogeneous population, or whether there are several distinct types of Hcrt/Orx cells. Here, we collated diverse structural and functional information about individual Hcrt/Orx neurons in mouse brain slices, by combining patch-clamp analysis of spike firing, membrane currents and synaptic inputs with confocal imaging of cell shape and subsequent 3-dimensional Sholl analysis of dendritic architecture. Statistical cluster analysis of intrinsic firing properties revealed that Hcrt/Orx neurons fall into two distinct types. These two cell types also differ in the complexity of their dendritic arbour, the strength of AMPA and GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic drive that they receive, and the density of low-threshold, 4-aminopyridine-sensitive, transient K+ current. Our results provide quantitative evidence that, at the cellular level, the mouse Hcrt/Orx system is composed of two classes of neurons with different firing properties, morphologies and synaptic input organization. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
623705 | Acceptance, safety and sustainability recommendations for efficient deployment of uam | Rapidly developing technology in recent years, makes the concept of vertical transport over populated areas real and nearly ready for implementation. The vision of additional dimension added to hitherto nearly flat urban/metropolitan transport system own potential to become a mobility revolution for passengers and unprecedented challenge for cities in numerous aspects. ASSURED-UAM (Acceptability, safety and sustainability recommendations for Efficient Deployment of UAM) aiming at assuring outstanding robustness in terms of safety, sustainability and acceptability of UAM by focusing to: propagate and accommodate aviation best practices, standards, recommendations and organizational solutions into city/municipal administrative and legislative structures responsible for deployment Urban Air Mobility services in near future; To assure broad and comprehensive organisational and policy definition support for authorities, policy makers and urban industry organization in complex process of implementation of vertical modes of transport and integration with horizontal dimensions of urban and peri-urban mobility systems; To become first but robust answer on European Green Deal goals contributing to climate neutral urban transport in 2050; To provide recommendations for integration of surface modes under the umbrella of U-Space Air Traffic Management System (X-TEAM D2D Project). Outline: Multidisciplinary study providing organizational and policy framework for process of introduction of unmanned modes of urban air mobility. In detail: ConOps, Plan for deployment scenarios for 10 use cases within 5, 10 and 15-year’ timeframe, Knowledge base and policy recommendations in 8 languages, standards for products and processes as well as tools for exchange and learning of urban air mobility, project development support and technical assistance in three locations. UAM community integration and wide consultations, cooperation, and synergy with other projects, industry and user groups. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.3758/s13428-016-0818-x | Using leap motion to investigate the emergence of structure in speech and language | In evolutionary linguistics, experiments using artificial signal spaces are being used to investigate the emergenceof speech structure. These signal spaces need to be continuous, non-discretized spaces from which discrete unitsand patterns can emerge. They need to be dissimilar from—but comparable with—the vocal tract, in order tominimize interference from pre-existing linguistic knowledge, while informing us about language. This is a hardbalance to strike. This article outlines a new approach that uses the Leap Motion, an infrared controller that canconvert manual movement in 3d space into sound. The signal space using this approach is more flexible than signalspaces in previous attempts. Further, output data using this approach is simpler to arrange and analyze. Theexperimental interface was built using free, and mostly open- source libraries in Python. We provide our sourcecode for other researchers as open source. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1145/2939672.2939797 | The Limits Of Popularity Based Recommendations And The Role Of Social Ties | In this paper we introduce a mathematical model that captures some of the salient features of recommender systems that are based on popularity and that try to exploit social ties among the users. We show that, under very general conditions, the market always converges to a steady state, for which we are able to give an explicit form. Thanks to this we can tell rather precisely how much a market is altered by a recommendation system, and determine the power of users to influence others. Our theoretical results are complemented by experiments with real world social networks showing that social graphs prevent large market distortions in spite of the presence of highly influential users. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2088962089 | Estimation of S-wave Velocity Profile by Inversion of Coda H/V Spectrum | A new method using inversion of coda H/V spectrum is examined to estimate the S-wave velocity profile down to seismic bedrock. The inverse analysis is based on the theoretical H/V spectrum of surface wave proposed for microtremor H/V spectra analyses. In order to confirm the applicability of this estimating method, the coda H/V spectra analysis are conducted at KiK-net Narita and Miyakoji observatory sites using three-component seismometers. The estimated S-wave velocity profiles are consistent with the available profiles derived from the PS loggings, vertical seismic array analyses and other explorations. It becomes clear that the inversion of coda H/V spectrum can almost estimate the S-wave velocity profile down to seismic bedrock. To conduct the inverse analyses sufficiently well, it is necessary to consider the effects of the higher modes of Rayleigh and Love waves, especially Rayleigh-to-Love-wave amplitude ratio for horizontal motions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.tplants.2013.01.001 | Plant chemical defense: At what cost? | Plants are sessile organisms and dependent on deployment of secondary metabolites for their response to biotic and abiotic challenges. A trade-off is envisioned between resources allocated to growth, development, and reproduction and to the biosynthesis, storage, and maintenance of secondary metabolites. However, increasing evidence suggests that secondary metabolites serve auxiliary roles, including functions associated with primary metabolism. In this opinion article, we examine how the costs of plant chemical defense can be offset by multifunctional biosynthesis and the optimization of primary metabolism. These additional benefits may negate the trade-off between primary and secondary metabolism, and provide plants with an innate plasticity required for growth, development, and interactions with their environment. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/106 | Rotation And Winds Of Exoplanet Hd 189733 B Measured With High Dispersion Transmission Spectroscopy | Giant exoplanets orbiting very close to their parent star (hot Jupiters) are subject to tidal forces expected to synchronize their rotational and orbital periods on short timescales (tidal locking). However, spin rotation has never been measured directly for hot Jupiters. Furthermore, their atmospheres can show equatorial super-rotation via strong eastward jet streams, and/or high-altitude winds flowing from the day- to the night-side hemisphere. Planet rotation and atmospheric circulation broaden and distort the planet spectral lines to an extent that is detectable with measurements at high spectral resolution. We observed a transit of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b around 2. 3 {\mu}m and at a spectral resolution of R~10$^5$ with CRIRES at the ESO Very Large Telescope. After correcting for the stellar absorption lines and their distortion during transit (the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect), we detect the absorption of carbon monoxide and water vapor in the planet transmission spectrum by cross-correlating with model spectra. The signal is maximized (7. 6{\sigma}) for a planet rotational velocity of $(3. 4^{+1. 3}_{-2. 1})$ km/s, corresponding to a rotational period of $(1. 7^{+2. 9}_{-0. 4})$ days. This is consistent with the planet orbital period of 2. 2 days and therefore with tidal locking. We find that the rotation of HD 189733 b is longer than 1 day (3{\sigma}). The data only marginally (1. 5{\sigma}) prefer models with rotation versus models without rotation. We measure a small day- to night-side wind speed of $(-1. 7^{+1. 1}_{-1. 2})$ km/s. Compared to the recent detection of sodium blue-shifted by (8$\pm$2) km/s, this likely implies a strong vertical wind shear between the pressures probed by near-infrared and optical transmission spectroscopy. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
311765 | Environmentally-induced Developmental Origins of Health and Disease | The DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) hypothesis states that, because of developmental plasticity, in utero and early postnatal stressors can increase chronic disease risk in childhood and later. Alterations of epigenetic marks, impacting on gene expression, are one mechanism that could explain such long-term impact. These hypotheses have so far been tested mostly in animals, and little for atmospheric pollutants, for which animal evidence is scarce.
We aim to characterize the impact of environmental exposures on childhood health. Our focus is on two families of pollutants with a highly prevalent and controllable exposure in humans: atmospheric pollutants and specific high-volume non-persistent chemicals (Bisphenol A, other phenols and phthalates). These pollutants are archetypal of modern life pollutants challenging environmental health research. We will set up a new type of mother-child cohort with early recruitment in pregnancy, intense follow-up (including geolocalisation of subjects with GPS combined with fine-scale air pollution modelling), personal exposure monitoring, repeated collection of biological samples. Transcriptomic analysis, non-invasive clinical examinations (Doppler and ultrasound imaging, ECG, early postnatal evaluation of lung function) will bring clues regarding target functions. This observational approach in humans will be supplemented by an animal experiment aiming at characterizing the impact of in utero exposure to traffic-related atmospheric pollutants on foetal development and health in adulthood, and characterizing target functions and organs more finely than the human study can allow.
E-DOHaD spans over the whole range of environmental health disciplines, with epidemiologic and toxicologic studies being conducted in parallel to ease comparability and results synthesis. E-DOHaD is expected to have far-reaching implications in environmental health research and for public health. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Earth System Science",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
222613 | Development of deformation-based method for the behavior of masonry bracing elements, considering the cracked and inelastic state “cic-brel” cracked inelastic calculation of bracing elements | The MSCA Fellowship is an excellent chance for the Training of the Experienced Researcher through Teaching and Research TTR. The research subject will be a topic for Habilitation, a strong prerequisite for Professorship of the Experienced Researcher.
The main goal of CIC-BREL project (Cracked and Inelastic Calculation of BRacing Elements) is to develop an innovative analytical method, using the deformation-based approach, to distribute horizontal forces on bracing elements of a building considering the cracked and inelastic state of the material. Then, from the analytical approach, it is aimed to develop a numerical method in a matrix form appropriate to be programmed in easy to use software. The developed analytical method will be verified by the results of shake table tests at the UCSD, USA. The numerical method will be implemented in software during the secondment at the PCAE Company. The developed analytical and numerical methods will be added to the Euro Code 6 and national German Standards.
This way is decisive in designing high-raise buildings and apartments, and implementing the cracked and inelastic limit state could save up to 40% of building materials. This would have very positive economic and environmental advantages on the building sector.
This project is inter-disciplinary, where academic (universities) and non-academic (software company) partners are involved together for a successful achievement of the Fellowship goals. It is multi-disciplinary it combines theory and analysis invention with computer software development. Cooperation between USA and European institutes makes it international.
Best Researchers in USA and Europe are working actively together in an excellent academic and non-academic environment to get the best of the Fellowship for the Experienced Researcher and all other participants. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s13164-018-0425-0 | Cueing Implicit Commitment | Despite the importance of commitment for distinctively human forms of sociality, it remains unclear how people prioritize and evaluate their own and others’ commitments - especially implicit commitments. Across two sets of online studies, we found evidence in support of the hypothesis that people’s judgments and attitudes about implicit commitments are governed by an implicit sense of commitment, which is modulated by cues to others’ expectations, and by cues to the costs others have invested on the basis of those expectations. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W219313013 | Redistribution to the Poor | The co-existence of a high degree of inequality within a democratic political regime leads to the adoption of public policy directed toward the redistribution of income and poverty reduction. In a democracy, it is natural for the political class to meet the demands of the poor in exchange for a large number of votes. Redistributive policies are made by means of public expenditures for programs directed toward the poor, as well as economic regulation. Even while successful in reducing inequality and poverty, these policies can harm economic growth. They cause the increase of government expense, driving other facts that undermine economic growth: increased tax burden, reduction of public savings, increase in interest rates, and cuts to public investment in infrastructure. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
US 2020/0063336 W | MODULAR AND INTERCHANGEABLE LOCK PLUG | An exemplary lock apparatus includes a housing and a plug assembly rotatably mounted in the housing. The plug assembly includes a tumbler assembly operable to selectively prevent rotation of the plug assembly relative to the housing and a retention mechanism operable to selectively prevent removal of the plug assembly from the housing. A system including the lock apparatus may include a change key configured to actuate the tumbler assembly without actuating the retention mechanism and/or a control key configured to actuate both the tumbler assembly and the retention mechanism. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
Q4572245 | Automatic drum galvanic line | The project is focused on the acquisition of a modern Automatic drum galvanic line, which will allow the company to carry out various ways of galvanising.The acquisition of this modern technology will automate the production process and increase the company’s production and product quality, which is one of the objectives of the proposed project. Other objectives of the project are to increase the accuracy and efficiency of production and competitiveness of the applicant on the market. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/onc.2012.20 | Altered microRNA expression associated with chromosomal changes contributes to cervical carcinogenesis | Little is known about the alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns during the consecutive stages of cervical cancer development and their association with chromosomal instability. In this study, miRNA expression in normal cervical squamous epithelium, high-grade precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3)), squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and adenocarcinomas (AdCAs) was integrated with previously generated chromosomal profiles of the same samples. Significantly differential expression during the consecutive stages of cervical SCC development was observed for 106 miRNAs. Of these differentially expressed miRNAs, 27 showed early transiently altered expression in CIN2-3 lesions only, 46 miRNAs showed late altered expression in SCCs only and 33 showed continuously altered expression in both CIN2-3 and SCCs. Altered expression of five significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, hsa-miR-9 (1q23. 2), hsa-miR-15b (3q25. 32), hsa-miR-28-5p (3q27. 3), hsa-miR-100 and hsa-miR-125b (both 11q24. 1), was directly linked to frequent chromosomal alterations. Functional analyses were performed for hsa-miR-9, representing a potential oncogene with increased expression linked to a chromosomal gain of 1q. Hsa-miR-9 overexpression was found to increase cell viability, anchorage-independent growth and migration in vitro. Upon organic raft culturing, hsa-miR-9 hampered differentiation and induced proliferation in all strata of the epithelial layer. These findings support a potential oncogenic function of hsa-miR-9 in cervical cancer. In summary, differential expression of 106 miRNAs, partly associated with chromosomal alterations, was observed during cervical SCC development. Altered expression of hsa-miR-9 associated with a chromosomal gain of chromosome 1q was shown to be functionally relevant, underlining the importance of deregulated miRNA expression in cervical carcinogenesis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
864576 | Fast Radio-Labeling and Isotope Exchange | The impact of synthetic organic molecules on health, life quality and lifestyle is beyond doubt. It is therefore of fundamental importance to detect and quantify the fate of organic compounds and provide a precise risk/benefit assessment, before they reach the market and large public exposure. The traceless incorporation of carbon-14 allows tracking organic molecules and provides vital knowledge on their fate. This information is critical for pharmaceutical development, crop science and human food safety evaluation. Surprisingly, carbon radiolabeling still represents a bottleneck and an unsolved fundamental problem. In fact, current synthetic strategies are marred by several major drawbacks, including the generation of radioactive waste, being multi-step time-consuming and high resource-demanding. To circumvent such disadvantages, I present FASTLabEx, a novel approach for the straightforward preparation of carbon-labeled complex organic molecules that introduces the radioactive tag at the ultimate-stage of the synthesis. Inspired by efficient metal-catalyzed transformations, FASTLabEx makes use of a novel paradigm of “carbon isotope exchange”, defined as the selective replacement of molecular moieties into organic molecules, by reversible molecular deconstruction/reconstruction in presence of an appropriate radiolabeled moiety. FASTLabEx will explore this concept onto a large variety of functional groups and structural diversity, far beyond the case of carboxylic acids. This approach has the potential to streamline the radio-synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Outcomes from FASTLabEx will have a tangible societal impact not only for the radiochemical community, but also for pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries and in fine the consumers and patients. In order to mitigate the risks inherent to the project, preliminary results demonstrate its feasibility. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2000517948 | A phylogenetic analysis of Orlando Gibbons's Prelude in G | Textual scholars studying the transmission history of literary texts increasingly make use of ‘phylogenetic’ computer programs from evolutionary biology, which are conventionally used for inferring the evolutionary relationships among organisms from DNA sequence data. However, very little use has been made of phylogenetic methods in studying musical traditions. We have tested the use of the methods in analysing the transmission history of 16 extant sources of the Prelude in G by Orlando Gibbons. Variations in features such as pitch, rhythm and note pattern were recorded as a ‘Nexus file’, which was analysed using the phylogenetic methods of Maximum Parsimony and NeighborNet. Statistical confidence was tested using bootstrapping. The Maximum Parsimony analysis placed the sources into four groups with strong statistical support and the NeighborNet analysis gave similar results, while indicating a linkage between members of two of the major groups. Separate analyses of passages of running semiquavers and the chordal accompaniment showed that the latter was responsible for most of the phylogenetic structure, consistent with traditional scholarship. The analysis also showed a more fundamental division into two groups, with one containing mostly early to mid-17th century sources and the other containing only more recent ones. The study shows that phylogenetic methods can be used to infer robust conclusions on the transmission history of this tradition that are consistent with conventional scholarship. These novel methods are likely to be of general applicability as a tool for music scholars. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1137/130910932 | Almost Optimal Lower Bounds For Problems Parameterized By Clique Width | We obtain asymptotically tight algorithmic bounds for Max-Cut and Edge Dominating Set problems on graphs of bounded clique-width. We show that on an $n$-vertex graph of clique-width $t$ both problems (1) cannot be solved in time $f(t)n^{o(t)}$ for any function $f$ of $t$ unless exponential time hypothesis fails, and (2) can be solved in time $n^{O(t)}$. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W3104269138 | Submicrosecond-timescale readout of carbon nanotube mechanical motion | We report fast readout of the motion of a carbon nanotube mechanical resonator. A close-proximity high electron mobility transistor amplifier is used to increase the bandwidth of the measurement of nanotube displacements from the kHz to the MHz regime. Using an electrical detection scheme with the nanotube acting as a mixer, we detect the amplitude of its mechanical motion at room temperature with an intermediate frequency of 6 MHz and a timeconstant of 780 ns, both up to five orders of magnitude faster than achieved before. The transient response of the mechanical motion indicates a ring-down time faster than our enhanced time resolution, placing an upper bound on the contribution of energy relaxation processes to the room temperature mechanical quality factor. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1558049189 | QUANTITATION OF 17 β-ESTRADIOL IN RABBIT PLASMA BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION | A new method was developed for the determination of 17 β-estradiol in rabbit plasma by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection. The method employed one-step extraction of 17 β-estradiol from plasma matrix with a mixture of water and ethylacetate (1.9:5, v/v) using estriol as an internal standard. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of metanol and water (70:30, v/v) flowing at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. Calibration curve was linear between concentration range of 125–6000 ng mL−1. Average recovery of 17 β-estradiol and the internal standard from the biological matrix was more than 94.9 and 92.5%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were between 3.74–8.12 and 3.72–8.80%, respectively. Also, the method was successfully applied to determine of 17 β-estradiol in New Zealand white rabbits. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
IL 2007000184 W | NOVEL TANDEM siRNAS | The present invention provides novel molecules, compositions, methods and uses for treating microvascular disorders, eye diseases and respiratory conditions based upon inhibition of two or more target genes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0157948 | Discrepancy and disliking do not induce negative opinion shifts | Both classical social psychological theories and recent formal models of opinion differentiation and bi-polarization assign a prominent role to negative social influence. Negative influence is defined as shifts away from the opinion of others and hypothesized to be induced by discrepancy with or disliking of the source of influence. There is strong empirical support for the presence of positive social influence (a shift towards the opinion of others), but evidence that large opinion differences or disliking could trigger negative shifts is mixed. We examine positive and negative influence with controlled exposure to opinions of other individuals in one experiment and with opinion exchange in another study. Results confirm that similarities induce attraction, but results do not support that discrepancy or disliking entails negative influence. Instead, our findings suggest a robust positive linear relationship between opinion distance and opinion shifts. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2162084134 | Stochastic Control Methods: Hedging in a Market Described by Pure Jump Processes | This paper considers the asset price movements in a financial market with a risky asset and a bond. The dynamics of the risky asset, modeled by a marked point process, depend on a stochastic factor, modeled also by a marked point process. The possibility of common jump times with the price is allowed. The problem studied is to determine a strategy maximizing the expected value of a utility function of the hedging error. Two different approaches are considered: an Hamilton Jacobi Bellmann equation is studied for a simplified model and a contraction technique is introduced for a more general model. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
EP 83109576 A | Cooled tubesheet inlet for abrasive fluid heat exchanger. | A heat exchanger for use with an abrasive fluid has a shell (22) with an inlet plenum (26) for inletting an abrasive fluid into the heat exchanger, a tubesheet (28) extending across the shell (22) and supporting tubes (30) disposed in flow communication with the plenum (26) and, a tube inlet guide panel configuration (32) disposed overlaying the tubesheet (28) in spaced relationship so as to form a passageway between the tube sheet (32) and the inlet guide panel configuration (32) and a cooling means supplying coolant to said passageway for cooling the tube inlet guide panel configuration (32). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2375285073 | Distribution and fluxes of methane in tropical rivers and lagoons of eastern Hainan | Methane(CH4) is an important greenhouse gas,which can influence the Earth's climate change both directly and indirectly.Distributions and fluxes of CH4 in rivers and lagoons of eastern Hainan were obtained during the survey from March 27th to April 15th in 2009.Surface waters of the three rivers(Wenchang,Wenjiao and Wanquan rivers) were over-saturated in CH4 with respect to atmospheric equilibrium [(60664±25118)%,(38582±26339)% and(9472±5594)%,respectively].Surface waters of the lagoons were also over-saturated in CH4,but at much lower levels than those in the rivers.The dissolved CH4 in the lagoons mainly come from riverine input,inputs from groundwater and fringing mangrove forest,and in-situ production;the main sinks of methane in the lagoons were oxidation and outgassing.The estimated air–water CH4 fluxes using the RC01 formula of Wenchang and Wanquan rivers were 5967.0±5142.1 and 496.2±335.9μmol.m 2.d 1,respectively.Air–water CH4 fluxes of the logoons were 528.7±625.0,441.7±473.3,26.6±21.6,and 1287.8±1453.3μmol.m 2.d 1 for Bamen bay,Bo’ao,Xiaohai,and Laoyehai,respectively.Estuaries and lagoons in eastern Hainan are persistently supersaturated in CH4,which indicates that they are net sources of atmospheric CH4. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
US 2011/0050964 W | A DISPLAY PANEL SUBSTRATE ASSEMBLY AND AN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FORMING A DISPLAY PANEL SUBSTRATE ASSEMBLY | The present invention discloses a display panel substrate assembly and an apparatus and method for forming a display panel substrate assembly, wherein the substrate assembly includes a first substrate and a second substrate. At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is optically clear. The method includes the steps of screen printing a non-sag adhesive composition onto a surface of the first substrate, bringing the non-sag adhesive composition into contact with a surface of the second substrate in an environment having a pressure of less than or equal to about 5000 pascals, and curing the non-sag adhesive composition to yield an adhesive layer. The non-sag adhesive composition is of a type which is optically clear after curing. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.jnt.2013.08.014 | Square-free values of polynomials over the rational function field | We study representation of square-free polynomials in the polynomial ring Fq[t] over a finite field Fq by polynomials in Fq[t][x]. This is a function field version of the well-studied problem of representing square-free integers by integer polynomials, where it is conjectured that a separable polynomial f∈Z[x] takes infinitely many square-free values, barring some simple exceptional cases, in fact that the integers a for which f(a) is square-free have a positive density. We show that if f(x)∈Fq[t][x] is separable, with square-free content, of bounded degree and height, and n is fixed, then as q → ∞ , for almost all monic polynomials a(t) of degree n, the polynomial f(a) is square-free. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1985295374 | Accelerated Simulation of High-Fidelity Models of Supercapacitors Using Waveform Relaxation Techniques | The waveform relaxation (WR) technique is used to accelerate the time-domain simulation of high-fidelity models of supercapacitors. Because of their high power density, supercapacitors are suitable energy storage options in electrified transportation fleets and renewable energy systems. Given their fast charging/discharging profile, high-fidelity models, such as transmission-line models or multistage ladder structures, are conventionally adopted for design and simulation purposes. High-fidelity models, that include fast dynamic modes, can slow down the simulation process. This is problematic, in particular, since supercapacitors are parts of a larger, more complex system, e.g., a power train, with a wide dynamic range. In this paper, frequency-domain characterization of a supercapacitor is conducted by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Then, the equivalent multistage ladder model of the supercapacitor is extracted and parameterized. The high-fidelity model is verified by considering the measured charging profile of the supercapacitor. The WR technique, including circuit partitioning and time windowing, is considered for the resulting high-fidelity model. WR results in an order-of-magnitude improvement in simulation speed while maintaining an excellent agreement with the hardware measurement and conventional simulations. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/IEDM.2018.8614556 | Physics Based Modeling Of Volatile Resistive Switching Memory Rram For Crosspoint Selector And Neuromorphic Computing | Volatile resistive switching memory (RRAM) is raising strong interest as potential selector device in crosspoint memory and short-term synapse in neuromorphic computing. To enable the design and simulation of memory and computing circuits with volatile RRAM, compact models are essential. To fill this gap, we present here a novel physics-based analytical model for volatile RRAM based on a detailed study of the switching process by molecular dynamics (MD) and finite-difference method (FDM). The analytical model captures all essential phenomena of volatile RRAM, e. g. , threshold/holding voltages, on-off ratio, and size-dependent retention. The model is validated by extensive comparison with data from Ag/SiO x ), RRAM. To support the circuit-level capability of the model, we show simulations of crosspoint arrays and neuromorphic time-correlated learning. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/adma.201902374 | A Highly Emissive Surface Layer in Mixed-Halide Multication Perovskites | Mixed-halide lead perovskites have attracted significant attention in the field of photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications due to their promising bandgap tunability and device performance. Here, the changes in photoluminescence and photoconductance of solution-processed triple-cation mixed-halide (Cs0. 06MA0. 15FA0. 79)Pb(Br0. 4I0. 6)3 perovskite films (MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinium) are studied under solar-equivalent illumination. It is found that the illumination leads to localized surface sites of iodide-rich perovskite intermixed with passivating PbI2 material. Time- and spectrally resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that photoexcited charges efficiently transfer to the passivated iodide-rich perovskite surface layer, leading to high local carrier densities on these sites. The carriers on this surface layer therefore recombine with a high radiative efficiency, with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the film under solar excitation densities increasing from 3% to over 45%. At higher excitation densities, nonradiative Auger recombination starts to dominate due to the extremely high concentration of charges on the surface layer. This work reveals new insight into phase segregation of mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskites, as well as routes to highly luminescent films by controlling charge density and transfer in novel device structures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1111/tops.12329 | Linking Cognitive and Social Aspects of Sound Change Using Agent-Based Modeling | The paper defines the core components of an interactive-phonetic (IP) sound change model. The starting point for the IP-model is that a phonological category is often skewed phonetically in a certain direction by the production and perception of speech. A prediction of the model is that sound change is likely to come about as a result of perceiving phonetic variants in the direction of the skew and at the probabilistic edge of the listener's phonological category. The results of agent-based computational simulations applied to the sound change in progress, /u/-fronting in Standard Southern British, were consistent with this hypothesis. The model was extended to sound changes involving splits and mergers by using the interaction between the agents to drive the phonological reclassification of perceived speech signals. The simulations showed no evidence of any acoustic change when this extended model was applied to Australian English data in which /s/ has been shown to retract due to coarticulation in /str/ clusters. Some agents nevertheless varied in their phonological categorizations during interaction between /str/ and /ʃtr/: This vacillation may represent the potential for sound change to occur. The general conclusion is that many types of sound change are the outcome of how phonetic distributions are oriented with respect to each other, their association to phonological classes, and how these types of information vary between speakers that happen to interact with each other. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP04(2018)147 | A Smooth Exit From Eternal Inflation | The usual theory of inflation breaks down in eternal inflation. We derive a dual description of eternal inflation in terms of a deformed Euclidean CFT located at the threshold of eternal inflation. The partition function gives the amplitude of different geometries of the threshold surface in the no-boundary state. Its local and global behavior in dual toy models shows that the amplitude is low for surfaces which are not nearly conformal to the round three-sphere and essentially zero for surfaces with negative curvature. Based on this we conjecture that the exit from eternal inflation does not produce an infinite fractal-like multiverse, but is finite and reasonably smooth. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2015882441 | The Application Research of Information Interactive Feedback Teaching Model in Wushu Routine Class | The present sports teaching model research is inevitably single functional and lack of interactive, the students can hardly encouraged which especially reflected in sports teaching model system research, meanwhile, it also weaken the operability of sports teaching model. Thus, it is necessary to combine practical teaching with sports teaching model during systematical research, and it is propitious to the sports teaching reform of our country. Though the construction and demonstration of information interactive feedback teaching model, this paper shows that: with student as subject and dominated by teachers, the information interactive feedback teaching model is a systematical model with the combination of teaching and learning, it can effectively improve teaching level, help to achieve teaching objectives and accomplish teaching tasks. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
865466 | Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration: Studying the immune system - tissue - microbiota communication to develop targeted therapies for immune-mediated diseases and cancer | Inflammation is fundamental to promote tissue regeneration upon injury, and in turn, the resolution of the immune response. Physiological tissue regeneration depends on fine-tuned interaction between the immune system, the tissue, and the microbiota. However, the complex communication between these three components and the molecules that mediate it are unclear. Understanding this is fundamental to prevent immune-mediated diseases and even cancer. This is particularly important at mucosal surfaces, where continued regeneration occurs. Therefore, we hypothesize that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are a consequence of a miscommunication between these components.
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is one key orchestrator of this communication: It is produced by immune cells and by acting on intestinal epithelial cells, it modulates the composition of the microbiota and promotes tissue regeneration. However, IL-22 can also promote both chronic inflammation and cancer. Exactly what regulates these paradoxical effects remains unclear. Of note, there is an endogenous inhibitor of IL-22, namely IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), which blocks IL-22 activity. We hypothesize that a misguided spatio-temporal regulation of the IL-22 – IL-22BP axis is the cause of pathogenic effects of IL-22.
In particular, we will analyse: (i) the location, and the functional and molecular heterogeneity; (ii) the origin and fate of IL-22 and IL-22BP producing immune cells; and (iii) the role of the microbiota in regulating them. To this end, we will use new transgenic and gnotobiotic mouse models, single cell RNA sequencing and human samples.
In short, by studying the IL-22 - IL-22BP axis, we will understand how the complex interactions between the immune system, the tissue, and the microbiota lead to either physiological or pathological tissue regeneration. This will provide the basis for therapies controlling inflammation and tissue regeneration in a spatio-temporal manner. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1163/15700682-12341380 | Jacques Lacan And The Theory Of The Religious Subject | Jacques Lacan’s theory of the subject is put forward in order to correct what the author calls “the naive theory of the subject,” which sociologists of religion tend to utilize by default in numerous quantitative sociological studies based on mass surveys and oriented towards obtaining exact, scientific, positivistic knowledge. This article applies Lacan’s three registers—Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real—to the religious sphere and demonstrates their potential implications for the sociological analysis of religion. An analysis of the empirical research on Russia’s post-Soviet religious situation reinforces the author’s argument that an uncritical theory of the subject attends only to the superficial layers of the subject, which end up being devoid of actual subjectivity, according to Lacanian logic. The more fundamental layers of the subject, capable of making it “the subject” in the full sense of the word, seem to be completely outside of sociologists’ current field of vision. This critique directs the reader’s attention to the shortcomings of sociological surveys, and the author argues that a more robust understanding of the subject could enrich the sociology of religion, particularly by further developing certain conceptions, such as Grace Davie’s “vicarious religion. ” | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005031 | Functional Connectivity’s Degenerate View of Brain Computation | Brain computation relies on effective interactions between ensembles of neurons. In neuroimaging, measures of functional connectivity (FC) aim at statistically quantifying such interactions, often to study normal or pathological cognition. Their capacity to reflect a meaningful variety of patterns as expected from neural computation in relation to cognitive processes remains debated. The relative weights of time-varying local neurophysiological dynamics versus static structural connectivity (SC) in the generation of FC as measured remains unsettled. Empirical evidence features mixed results: from little to significant FC variability and correlation with cognitive functions, within and between participants. We used a unified approach combining multivariate analysis, bootstrap and computational modeling to characterize the potential variety of patterns of FC and SC both qualitatively and quantitatively. Empirical data and simulations from generative models with different dynamical behaviors demonstrated, largely irrespective of FC metrics, that a linear subspace with dimension one or two could explain much of the variability across patterns of FC. On the contrary, the variability across BOLD time-courses could not be reduced to such a small subspace. FC appeared to strongly reflect SC and to be partly governed by a Gaussian process. The main differences between simulated and empirical data related to limitations of DWI-based SC estimation (and SC itself could then be estimated from FC). Above and beyond the limited dynamical range of the BOLD signal itself, measures of FC may offer a degenerate representation of brain interactions, with limited access to the underlying complexity. They feature an invariant common core, reflecting the channel capacity of the network as conditioned by SC, with a limited, though perhaps meaningful residual variability. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-020-68111-1 | “Groupitizing”: a strategy for numerosity estimation | AbstractPrevious work has shown that when arrays of objects are grouped within clusters, participants can enumerate their numerosity more rapidly than when objects are randomly scattered, a phenomenon termed “groupitizing”. Importantly, the magnitude of the grouping advantage correlates with math abilities in children. Here we show that sensory precision of numerosity estimation is also improved when grouping cues are available, by up to 20%. The grouping can be induced by color and/or spatial proximity, and occurs in temporal sequences as well as spatial arrays. The improvement is strongest for participants with the highest thresholds in the random, ungrouped conditions. Taken together with previous research, our data suggest that measurements correlations between numerosity estimation and formal math skills may be driven by grouping strategies, which require a minimal level of basic arithmetic. | [
"Mathematics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1973326811 | Measuring value‐leverage in aerospace supply chains | Purpose – The traditional value chain has changed under the influence of globalisation, lean thinking and the value leverage towards suppliers in the supply chain. The leverage of value by the focal original equipment manufacturer (OEM)‐company to the supply chain has caused the focal OEM‐company to transform into a large‐scale system integrator (LSSI). The LSSI was defined according to the Petrick's definition. Indicators that measure the value‐leverage by these LSSI companies have not been found in literature. The purpose of this paper is to describe indicators that measure value‐leverage and illustrates that LSSI companies in the aerospace industry have a value‐leverage capability, using these indicators.Design/methodology/approach – The authors' main research question is: “How to measure value‐leverage by LSSIs in the aerospace industry?”. As value‐leverage indicators have not been studied before, a literature study was carried out to develop a set of indicators which were tested in a quantitative ana... | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2060415611 | Dealing with incomplete and uncertain context data in geographic information systems | There are currently a growing number of people using smartphones or tablets, thus being potentially online at every moment. There are many useful applications using people's context data, to provide services to mobile telephony/internet subscribers. Location data is particularly interesting. These applications use location data assuming it is correct, which is sometimes not the case. In this work we propose a methodology for using incomplete/uncertain information to answer questions which include uncertainty like: “Which is the probability of finding exactly N persons within the geographic area A from time Tl to time T2?”, or “Which is the probability of having a traffic jam on street S between times Tl and T2?”. We also consider some logical constraints on the data. For instance: “Exclude counting people on the subway or inside buildings because the advertising will be on screens at open air”. Our approach uses Dempster-Shafer theory combined with an ontological definition of variable types sharing similar probabilistic behavior. The whole process and the results are explained using an example case based in one of the busiest areas of the world (the Shibuya Station in Tokyo, Japan), consisting of underground train lines, surface transportation, large avenues and shopping centers. A language to describe the fuzzy scenarios is also introduced along with an application which allows users to generate and visualize 2D and 3D suitability maps using this language. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1145/2344416.2344417 | A Model Driven Methodology To The Content Layout Problem In Web Applications | This article presents a model-driven approach for the design of the layout in a complex Web application, where large amounts of data are accessed. The aim of this work is to reduce, as much as possible, repetitive tasks and to factor out common aspects into different kinds of rules that can be reused across different applications. In particular, exploiting the conceptual elements of the typical models used for the design of a Web application, it defines presentation and layout rules at different levels of abstraction and granularity. A procedure for the automatic layout of the content of a page is proposed and evaluated, and the layout of advanced Web applications is discussed. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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