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335980 | Systematic investigation of epistasis in molecular evolution | Why does a mutation have a deleterious effect when it occurs in one species but shows no apparent consequences on the phenotype when it occurs in another species? What are some of possible explanations on the molecular basis of this phenomenon? Are the computational predictions of the extent of this phenomenon in nature accurate? The present project aims to take a swing at answering, at least partially, these basic questions of epistasis in molecular evolution. Within our work we plan to address these issues using computational approaches, systematic fitness assays of engineered orthologous genotypes and experimental functional assays of specific cases of epistasis identified by evolutionary analysis. By tackling these goals and utilising this array of approaches the projects aims to create a synthesis between theory and experimentation under the confines of a single laboratory that will allow us to study this phenomenon in a systematic fashion on the interface of different fields and methodologies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
170711 | From liouville to kolmogorov: 2d quantum gravity, noise sensitivity and turbulent flows | This research project is organized along three seemingly unrelated directions:
(1) Mathematical Liouville gravity deals with the geometry of large random planar maps. Historically, conformal invariance was a key ingredient in the construction of Liouville gravity in the physics literature. Conformal invariance has been restored recently with an attempt of understanding large random combinatorial planar maps once conformally embedded in the plane. The geometry induced by these embeddings is conjecturally described by the exponential of a highly oscillating distribution, the Gaussian Free Field. This conjecture is part of a broader program aimed at rigorously understanding the celebrated KPZ relation. The first major goal of my project is to make significant progress towards the completion of this program. I will combine for this several tools such as Liouville Brownian motion, circle packings, QLE processes and Bouchaud trap models.
(2) Euclidean statistical physics is closely related to area (1) through the above KPZ relation. I plan to push further the analysis of critical statistical physics models successfully initiated by the works of Schramm and Smirnov. I will focus in particular on dynamics at and near critical points with a special emphasis on the so-called noise sensitivity of these systems.
(3) 3d turbulence. A more tractable ambition than solving Navier-Stokes equation is to construct explicit stochastic vector fields which combine key features of experimentally observed velocity fields. I will make the mathematical framework precise by identifying four axioms that need to be satisfied. It has been observed recently that the exponential of a certain log-correlated field, as in (1), could be used to create such a realistic velocity field. I plan to construct and analyse this challenging object by relying on techniques from (1) and (2). This would be the first genuine stochastic model of turbulent flow in the spirit of what Kolmogorov was aiming at. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2056092580 | Research on Startup Process and Influencing Factors of Half-Nitrosofication in CANON Reactor | The experimental study on startup process of half-nitrosofication for high ammonia nitrogen simulated wastewater has been accomplished with a reactor of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). The startup process and its influences of the concentration of influent , DO and pH were analyzed with the experimental results. The results show that the conversion rate of to is close to 55%, the accumulation rate of is over 95% and the rate of to steadily keeps as 1.02~1.24 under the condition of influent of 400 mg/L, pH of 7.6~8.2, DO of 0.95~1.3mg/L, HRT of 1.5d and water temperature of 17~27°C, which meet the environmental requirements for anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria growth, and half-nitrosofication was achieved in the CANON reactor, which create good conditions for further enrichment of anammox bacteria for the operation of the CANON reactor. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W4281917356 | CABELOS CRESPOS, TRANÇAS E BLACK POWER: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O ADOECIMENTO DE MULHERES NEGRAS, AUTOESTIMA E EMPODERAMENTO | Racism is perpetrated by colonialism and it is full of violence, oppression, exploitation.It remains in society by new colonialities in social structure.Since early childhood, black women have their identity denied by historically, constructed standards wich, over their life, produce self-denial and "not-self".Hair straightening is the expression of a racist social process.Hair transition and self-discovery through the acceptance of own hair mark the rupture of aesthetic standards, self-appreciation and promoting the afro-Brazilian culture.Through "writing-experience" [escrevivência] and narratives of a master's research, the authors discuss afro-Brazilian hair since inferiorization to empowerment.They discuss how mental suffering like trauma defines black women's not-belonging into the white world and hair transition as self-care, selfesteem and foremost, belonging to the black perspective. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W2076008831 | Relativistic effects on tidal disruption kicks of solitary stars | Solitary stars that wander too close to their galactic centres can become tidally disrupted, if the tidal forces due to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) residing there overcome the self-gravity of the star. If the star is only partially disrupted, so that a fraction survives as a self-bound object, this remaining core will experience a net gain in specific orbital energy, which translates into a velocity "kick" of up to $\sim 10^3$ km/s. In this paper, we present the result of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of such partial disruptions, and analyse the velocity kick imparted on the surviving core. We compare $\gamma$ = 5/3 and $\gamma$ = 4/3 polytropes disrupted in both a Newtonian potential, and a generalized potential that reproduces most relativistic effects around a Schwarzschild black hole either exactly or to excellent precision. For the Newtonian case, we confirm the results of previous studies that the kick velocity of the surviving core is virtually independent of the ratio of the black hole to stellar mass, and is a function of the impact parameter $\beta$ alone, reaching at most the escape velocity of the original star. For a given $\beta$, relativistic effects become increasingly important for larger black hole masses. In particular, we find that the kick velocity increases with the black hole mass, making larger kicks more common than in the Newtonian case, as low-$\beta$ encounters are statistically more likely than high-$\beta$ encounters. The analysis of the tidal tensor for the generalized potential shows that our results are robust lower limits on the true relativistic kick velocities, and are generally in very good agreement with the exact results. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/L23 | Discovery Of A Companion Candidate In The Hd 169142 Transition Disk And The Possibility Of Multiple Planet Formation | We present L'- and J-band high-contrast observations of HD 169142, obtained with the Very Large Telescope/NACO AGPM vector vortex coronagraph and the Gemini Planet Imager, respectively. A source located at 0. "156 ± 0. ''032 north of the host star (P. A. = 7°. 4 ± 11°. 3) appears in the final reduced L' image. At the distance of the star (~145 pc), this angular separation corresponds to a physical separation of 22. 7 ± 4. 7 AU, locating the source within the recently resolved inner cavity of the transition disk. The source has a brightness of L' = 12. 2 ± 0. 5 mag, whereas it is not detected in the J band (J >13. 8 mag). If its L' brightness arose solely from the photosphere of a companion and given the J – L' color constraints, it would correspond to a 28-32 M Jupiter object at the age of the star, according to the COND models. Ongoing accretion activity of the star suggests, however, that gas is left in the inner disk cavity from which the companion could also be accreting. In this case, the object could be lower in mass and its luminosity enhanced by the accretion process and by a circumplanetary disk. A lower-mass object is more consistent with the observed cavity width. Finally, the observations enable us to place an upper limit on the L'-band flux of a second companion candidate orbiting in the disk annular gap at ~50 AU, as suggested by millimeter observations. If the second companion is also confirmed, HD 169142 might be forming a planetary system, with at least two companions opening gaps and possibly interacting with each other. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
219959 | Novel atg4b-inhibitors and dual [atg4b-carbonic anhydrase]inhibitors for interfering with cytoprotective mechanisms of cancercells in the acidic tumor micro-environment. | The microenvironment of most solid tumors tends to be significantly more acidic than healthy tissue. Inadequate perfusion, oxygen limitation and cell metabolic changes, are key causative factors for this situation. The acidic pH induces a number of specific genetic, transcriptional and metabolic effects in tumor cells. These are required for survival under increased H+-stress. Evidence is now mounting that these effects also play a major role in tumor progression, invasiveness and the development of multi-resistance to therapy. Two pivotal adaptations related to maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis in an acidic environment, have recently received significant attention: (1) the presence of chronic autophagy in tumors and (2) the overexpression of carbonic anhydrases (CAs), mainly CA IX and CA XII.
This project will biopharmaceutically optimize a novel class of specific autophagy inhibitors that target Atg4B. The specific goal of this part of the project is to obtain orally bioavailable and metabolically stable compounds that are fit for in vivo applications. The relevance of these compounds is clear, given the unmet demand for reliable, specific inhibitors in the domain of autophagy. At the same time, the project will evaluate the potential for therapy development of the compounds in the framework of cancer. Finally, the proposal will explore whether a further increase of anti-tumor efficiency can be obtained by combining Atg4B- and CA-inhibitor pharmacophores in a single compound. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.3819/CCBR.2017.120004 | Consonance Processing In The Absence Of Relevant Experience Evidence From Nonhuman Animals | This research was funded by the ERC Starting Grant contract number 312519. We thank the contributions of three anonymous reviewers who greatly contributed to improve this article. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1021/la401931y | Interactions of hyaluronan layers with similarly charged surfaces: The effect of divalent cations | We used colloidal probe atomic force microscopy to measure the normal forces between the surface of a silica colloidal particle and a sparse layer of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid, HA, MW ≈ 106 Da) covalently attached to a planar silica surface, both across pure water and following the addition of 1 mM MgCl2. It was found that in the absence of salt the HA layer repelled the colloidal silica surface during both approach and retraction. The addition of the MgCl2, however, changes the net force between the negatively charged HA layer and the opposing negatively charged silica surface from repulsion to adhesion. This interaction reversal is attributed to the bridging effect of the added Mg2+ ions. Our results provide first direct force data to support earlier simulation and predictions that such divalent cations could bridge between negative charges on opposing surfaces, leading to an overall reversal of force from repulsion to attraction. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1098/rsbl.2016.0674 | Hidden diversity of Acoelomorpha revealed through metabarcoding | Animals with bilateral symmetry comprise the majority of the described species within Metazoa. However, the nature of the first bilaterian animal remains unknown. As most recent molecular phylogenies point to Xenacoelomorpha as the sister group to the rest of Bilateria, understanding their biology, ecology and diversity is key to reconstructing the nature of the last common bilaterian ancestor (Urbilateria). To date, sampling efforts have focused mainly on coastal areas, leaving potential gaps in our understanding of the full diversity of xenacoelomorphs. We therefore analysed 18S rDNA metabarcoding data from three marine projects covering benthic and pelagic habitats worldwide. Our results show that acoels have a greater richness in planktonic environments than previously described. Interestingly, we also identified a putative novel clade of acoels in the deep benthos that branches as sister group to the rest of Acoela, thus representing the earliest-branching acoel clade. Our data highlight deep-sea environments as an ideal habitat to sample acoels with key phylogenetic positions, which might be useful for reconstructing the early evolution of Bilateria. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1111/evo.12412 | Crater lake habitat predicts morphological diversity in adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes | Adaptive radiations provide an excellent opportunity for studying the correlates and causes for the origin of biodiversity. In these radiations, species diversity may be influenced by either the ecological and physical environment, intrinsic lineage effects, or both. Disentangling the relative contributions of these factors in generating biodiversity remains a major challenge in understanding why a lineage does or does not radiate. Here, we examined morphological variation in body shape for replicate flocks of Nicaraguan Midas cichlid fishes and tested its association with biological and physical characteristics of their crater lakes. We found that variability of body elongation, an adaptive trait in freshwater fishes, is mainly predicted by average lake depth (N = 6, P < 0. 001, R2 = 0. 96). Other factors considered, including lake age, surface area, littoral zone area, number of co-occurring fish species, and genetic diversity of the Midas flock, did not significantly predict morphological variability. We also showed that lakes with a larger littoral zone have on average higher bodied Midas cichlids, indicating that Midas cichlid flocks are locally adapted to their crater lake habitats. In conclusion, we found that a lake's habitat predicts the magnitude and the diversity of body elongation in repeated cichlid adaptive radiations. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/s00605-015-0862-0 | Greedy bases in variable Lebesgue spaces | We compute the right and left democracy functions of admissible wavelet bases in variable Lebesgue spaces defined on (Formula presented. ). As an application we give Lebesgue type inequalities for these wavelet bases. We also show that our techniques can be easily modified to prove analogous results for weighted variable Lebesgue spaces and variable exponent Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.23.015514 | Long Range And High Precision Correlation Optical Time Domain Reflectometry Utilizing An All Fiber Chaotic Source | We propose a long range, high precision optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) based on an all-fiber supercontinuum source. The source simply consists of a CW pump laser with moderate power and a section of fiber, which has a zero dispersion wavelength near the laser's central wavelength. Spectrum and time domain properties of the source are investigated, showing that the source has great capability in nonlinear optics, such as correlation OTDR due to its ultra-wide-band chaotic behavior, and mm-scale spatial resolution is demonstrated. Then we analyze the key factors limiting the operational range of such an OTDR, e. g. , integral Rayleigh backscattering and the fiber loss, which degrades the optical signal to noise ratio at the receiver side, and then the guideline for counter-act such signal fading is discussed. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate a correlation OTDR with 100km sensing range and 8. 2cm spatial resolution (1. 2 million resolved points), as a verification of theoretical analysis. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41596-018-0030-9 | Configuration of electrical spinal cord stimulation through real-time processing of gait kinematics | Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord and real-time processing of gait kinematics are powerful methods for the study of locomotion and the improvement of motor control after injury or in neurological disorders. Here, we describe equipment and surgical procedures that can be used to acquire chronic electromyographic (EMG) recordings from leg muscles and to implant targeted spinal cord stimulation systems that remain stable up to several months after implantation in rats and nonhuman primates. We also detail how to exploit these implants to configure electrical spinal cord stimulation policies that allow control over the degree of extension and flexion of each leg during locomotion. This protocol uses real-time processing of gait kinematics and locomotor performance, and can be configured within a few days. Once configured, stimulation bursts are delivered over specific spinal cord locations with precise timing that reproduces the natural spatiotemporal activation of motoneurons during locomotion. These protocols can also be easily adapted for the safe implantation of systems in the vicinity of the spinal cord and to conduct experiments involving real-time movement feedback and closed-loop controllers. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/aur.1370 | What and Why understanding in autism spectrum disorders and williams syndrome: Similarities and differences | Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with Williams syndrome (WS) show divergent social phenotypes, but also several similarities in their socio-cognitive deficits. Cross-syndrome direct comparisons could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms that determine deficits in social cognition in the two syndromes. A fundamental factor for social cognition is the ability to understand and predict others' actions (e. g. what action is being done and why it is being done when observing a goal-related act). Here we compared the understanding of others' actions in children with ASD, WS and in children with typical development. Comprehension of what motor act was being done and of why it was being done was assessed with or without contextual cueing using a computer-based task. The results showed that what understanding was impaired in the WS group, but not in the ASD group, which showed mental-age appropriate performance. Why understanding was impaired in both experimental groups. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18952.x | What do simple models reveal about the population dynamics of a cooperatively breeding species? | Research on cooperatively breeding species has shown that their population dynamics differ from those of conventional breeders. Populations of cooperators are structured into groups, and group-level Allee effects are likely common. We assess the ability of phenomenological models, lacking explicit group structure, to describe population dynamics in cooperative meerkats Suricata suricatta, and we assess potential Allee effects at the population level. Using maximum likelihood model fitting and information theoretic model selection, applied to time series data from a wild meerkat population, we find simple models that incorporate rainfall and conventional density dependence to be the most parsimonious of the models considered. Detecting no population-level Allee effect, we conclude that explicit consideration of population structure will be key to understanding the mechanisms behind population dynamics in cooperatively breeding species. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1002/poc.3476 | Experimental and four-component relativistic DFT studies of tungsten carbonyl complexes | We present a theoretical and experimental study of the structure and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters of the pentacarbonyltungsten complexes of η1-2-(trimethylstannyl)-4,5-dimethylphosphinine, η2-norbornene, and imidazolidine-2-thione. The three complexes have a pseudo-octahedral molecular structure with the six ligands bonded to the tungsten atom. The η1-2-(trimethylstannyl)-4,5-dimethylphosphinine-pentacarbonyl tungsten complex was synthesized for the first time. For all compounds, we present four-component relativistic calculations of the NMR parameters at the Dirac-Kohn-Sham density functional level of theory using hybrid functionals. These large-scale relativistic calculations of NMR chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants were compared with available experimental data, either taken from the literature or measured in this work. The inclusion of solvent effects modeled using a conductor-like screening model was found to improve agreement between the calculated and experimental NMR parameters, and our best estimates for the NMR parameters are generally in good agreement with available experimental results. The present work demonstrates that four-component relativistic theory has reached a level of maturity that makes it a convenient and accurate tool for modeling and understanding chemical shifts and indirect spin-spin coupling constants of organometallic compounds containing heavy elements, for which conventional non-relativistic theory breaks down. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.011 | Motor Circuits in Action: Specification, Connectivity, and Function | Mammalian motor behavior is enabled by a hierarchy of interleaved circuit modules constructed by interneurons in the spinal cord, sensory feedback loops, and bilateral communication with supraspinal centers. Neuronal subpopulations are specified through a process of precisely timed neurogenesis, acquisition of transcriptional programs, and migration to spatially confined domains. Developmental and genetic programs instruct stereotyped and highly specific connectivity patterns, binding functionally distinct neuronal subpopulations into motor circuit modules at all hierarchical levels. Recent work demonstrates that spatial organization of motor circuits relates to precise connectivity patterns and that these patterns frequently correlate with specific behavioral functions of motor output. This Review highlights key examples of how developmental specification dictates organization of motor circuit connectivity and thereby controls movement. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1515/mial-2018-0007 | Messen ohne Maß? Nicolaus Cusanus und das Kriterium menschlicher Erkenntnis | In the late Middle Ages, Nicholas of Cusa renders human cognition as creative, asymptotic assimilation—humans creatively approach their objects of cognition without ever fully reaching them. Questions about measuring are an important part of Nicholas’ model of cognition in two regards: On the one hand, he explicitly calls human cognition a ‘measuring’ (mensurare), moving the concept into the centre of attention. On the other hand, measuring in the sense of evaluating epistemic activities is an issue for Nicholas. He describes humans as living images of god who ‘enfold’ (complicare) the ideas of all things within themselves in a specific way. They measure, i. e. judge, their epistemic activities looking at what they enfold. However, Nicholas provides little information about what exactly that means. He is thus threatened with a serious epistemological problem: the lack of a satisfying criterion of epistemic activities. In my paper, I discuss options of how to deal with this problem. After briefly describing (1) Nicholas’ notion of human cognition and (2) what he has on offer regarding a criterion of epistemic activities, I (3) try to clarify what ‘enfolding the ideas of all things’ can mean. Presenting and discussing two plausible interpretations of this expression—a static and a dynamic one—sheds light on possible answers Nicholas can give as well as the limitations these answers are confronted with. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.4171/JST/182 | Small Noise Spectral Gap Asymptotics For A Large System Of Nonlinear Diffusions | We study the $L^2$ spectral gap of a large system of strongly coupled diffusions on unbounded state space and subject to a double-well potential. This system can be seen as a spatially discrete approximation of the stochastic Allen-Cahn equation on the one-dimensional torus. We prove upper and lower bounds for the leading term of the spectral gap in the small temperature regime with uniform control in the system size. The upper bound is given by an Eyring-Kramers-type formula. The lower bound is proven to hold also for the logarithmic Sobolev constant. We establish a sufficient condition for the asymptotic optimality of the upper bound and show that this condition is fulfilled under suitable assumptions on the growth of the system size. Our results can be reformulated in terms of a semiclassical Witten Laplacian in large dimension. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1969803218 | Devising statistic models of milking duration on the conveyor milking machines | As a result of theoretical and experimental research, our statistic models of milking duration determine a functional connection between statistic parameters of the duration of conveyor milking machines operation, statistic parameters of preparing and milking a cow, parameters and varieties of milking machines, and the number of animals in the herd. The suggested models are based on a new approach to the estimation of statistic parameters of preparation and milking time. The models permit a more precise estimation of milking machines productivity at the stages of their design and modernization. The findings facilitate working out methods for designing information and measurement systems of milking technology parameters and automatic farm management systems and underlie further development of a theoretical background for such systems. The increased adequacy of the devised models in comparison with the current ones is proved through determining a relative estimation of the divergence between the theoretical findings and experimental data. | [
"Mathematics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/784/2/L29 | Constraining The True Nature Of An Exotic Binary In The Core Of Ngc 6624 | We report on the identification of the optical counterpart to Star1, the exotic object serendipitously discovered by Deutsch et al. in the core of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6624. Star1 has been classified by Deutsch et al. as either a quiescent cataclysmic variable or a low-mass X-ray binary. Deutsch et al. proposed StarA as a possible optical counterpart to this object. We used high-resolution images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope to perform a variability analysis of the stars close to the nominal position of Star1. While no variability was detected for StarA, we found another star, referred to here as COM{sub S}tar1, showing a clear sinusoidal light modulation with amplitude Δm {sub F435W} ∼ 0. 7 mag and an orbital period of P {sub orb} ∼ 98 minutes. The shape of the light curve is likely caused by strong irradiation by the primary heating of one hemisphere of the companion, thus suggesting a quite hot primary. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/ismej.2013.142 | Integrating metagenomic and amplicon databases to resolve the phylogenetic and ecological diversity of the Chlamydiae | In the era of metagenomics and amplicon sequencing, comprehensive analyses of available sequence data remain a challenge. Here we describe an approach exploiting metagenomic and amplicon data sets from public databases to elucidate phylogenetic diversity of defined microbial taxa. We investigated the phylum Chlamydiae whose known members are obligate intracellular bacteria that represent important pathogens of humans and animals, as well as symbionts of protists. Despite their medical relevance, our knowledge about chlamydial diversity is still scarce. Most of the nine known families are represented by only a few isolates, while previous clone library-based surveys suggested the existence of yet uncharacterized members of this phylum. Here we identified more than 22 000 high quality, non-redundant chlamydial 16S rRNA gene sequences in diverse databases, as well as 1900 putative chlamydial protein-encoding genes. Even when applying the most conservative approach, clustering of chlamydial 16S rRNA gene sequences into operational taxonomic units revealed an unexpectedly high species, genus and family-level diversity within the Chlamydiae, including 181 putative families. These in silico findings were verified experimentally in one Antarctic sample, which contained a high diversity of novel Chlamydiae. In our analysis, the Rhabdochlamydiaceae, whose known members infect arthropods, represents the most diverse and species-rich chlamydial family, followed by the protist-associated Parachlamydiaceae, and a putative new family (PCF8) with unknown host specificity. Available information on the origin of metagenomic samples indicated that marine environments contain the majority of the newly discovered chlamydial lineages, highlighting this environment as an important chlamydial reservoir. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2366566557 | Researches on flow unit of the volcanic reservoir in 1st Member of lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation,Xudong area,Songliao Basin | Exemplified by the volcanic reservoir of 1st Member of Yingcheng Formation in Xudong area of Songliao Basin,the authors studied the characteristics of flow unit spatial-temporal development in the aim strata of the study area.In this process,all work was based on the isochronous framework of stratrigraphy.Two parameters were selected and the software of SPSS was used.In addition,cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were carried out.The results indicate that porosity and permeability are two parameters which can well represent the reservoir characteristics.The flow unit in the study area can be classified into four types,i.e.,Type I,II,III and IV,in which Type III and Type IV are well developed,Type II possesses the second place,and Type I is poorly developed.Closely combining the well data and seismic data in the isochronous framework of stratrigraphy and using the software of SPSS to perform cluster analysis and discriminant analysis prove to be a very efficient way for flow unit study.It can provide substantial foundation for the exploitation of the volcanic reservoir. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
3731265 | Development of novel formulations for improved molybdenum fertilization | The use of mineral fertilizers in crop production systems is strongly contributing to the competiveness of the agricultural sector as a whole, yet the importance of essential micronutrients, such as molybdenum, is often overlooked. Molybdenum (Mo) is of key importance for plant growth as an essential component of the cofactor for enzymes in the N-metabolism. Mo deficiency in plants is often associated with N deficiency, and can thus have far-reaching consequences in agricultural systems. To overcome Mo deficiency, fertilizer Mo needs to be applied, which typically contain highly water-soluble forms of Mo, e.g. Na2MoO4. In acid Fe/Al-oxide rich soils, the fast release of Mo from soluble forms causes Mo to be quickly sorbed; in sandy soils fast Mo release results in high losses of Mo through leaching. In this project, the use of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) Mo compounds instead of water-soluble Mo compounds will be explored to better match nutrient release with plant demand and reduce Mo fixation and leaching. SRF formulations will be synthesized using different approaches (LDH and mechanochemical synthesis). Feedback between Mo desorption/solubility experiments and material synthesis will optimize the new SRF compounds. The new Mo fertilizer forms will be embedded in different macronutrient carriers, after which batch and column experiment will be performed to characterize the Mo release in an aqueous and a soil system to compare the release with that of soluble Mo fertilizers. Finally, a pot trial will be performed to assess Mo use efficiency and leachability of a new Mo SRF in comparison with soluble Mo fertilizers. Next to this research objective, the applicant will improve his research skills by receiving training in mechano-chemical synthesis, fertilize shaping and fertilizer testing (University of Adelaide), and in modelling and LA-ICP-MS (KU Leuven). The applicant will also gain experience in teaching, project management, dissimilation and communication. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/1369183X.2014.960819 | The Jewish State of Anxiety: Between Moral Obligation and Fearism in the Treatment of African Asylum Seekers in Israel | Since 2005 around 60,000 asylum seekers, mostly from Eritrea and Sudan, have entered Israel by crossing the border from Egypt. Notwithstanding the Jewish history of persecution, and Israel being a signatory to the UN Convention for the protection of refugees, modern Israel systematically refuses to grant a refugee status to asylum seekers. Since 2012, the tenacious hostile approach of Israeli policy-makers and state-agents towards asylum seekers has resulted in an outburst of racist verbal and physical attacks against them. This article analyses the socio-legal location of asylum seekers in Israel by examining how their position is articulated by different parties, deploying competing discourses of human rights, citizenship, security and sovereignty. The article advances that appeals—mostly made by critical non-governmental organisations (NGOs), journalists and academics—to human rights, Jewish morals and historic sensitivities are beguiling; while they arouse hopes for compassion and moral obligation, they are also used by mainstream Israeli politicians to justify the exclusion and deportation of so-called ‘African infiltrators’. A hegemonic ideology of ‘fearism’—which brands the Israeli national narrative and informs the notion of citizenship among Jewish Israelis—leads to the construction of asylum seekers as abject Others, who pose a threat to the Jewish state and to Jews' own right for secured citizenship. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
851021 | Reconstructing cellular histories with transcriptional recording | What are the main differences between a photograph and a video? Photographs record a single point in time and videos continuously record a sequence of events. While the content and interpretation of a photograph is heavily reliant on a single moment in time, a video is not. The tools that scientists have to understand the molecular and cellular world around them are most like film cameras – producing single snapshots to describe dynamic processes. Towards the goal of continuously recording molecular events within cells, my laboratory recently developed ‘transcriptional recording’, an approach that employs CRISPR spacer acquisition from RNA to capture and convert intracellular RNAs into DNA, permanently storing transcriptional information in the DNA of living cells. The newly acquired sequences serve as transcriptional records, which are retrievable via deep sequencing and can be leverage to reconstruct cellular histories. This technology provides an entirely new mode of interrogating dynamic biological and physiological processes and opens up numerous avenues for future work.
The overall goal of this proposal is to develop transcriptional recording sentinel cells with the capacity to continuously monitor biological and pathological processes within the mammalian gut. To achieve this goal, we will employ a variety of methods that include molecular and cellular biology, synthetic biology, protein engineering, bioinformatics, and mouse models. We will focus our efforts on improving the efficiency of transcriptional recording, combining transcriptional recording with biosensing gene circuits, and demonstrating that transcriptional recording sentinel cells facilitate interrogation of the mammalian gut environment and can be applied as a living diagnostic. In summary, this study lays the foundation for developing a fundamentally new approach to interrogating dynamic biological and pathological processes as well as engineering living diagnostics. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
176023 | Privacy and usability | With the rapid accumulation and processing of personal data by numerous organizations, it is of paramount importance to protect people from adverse uses of their data, while allowing them to enjoy the benefits the use of these data can possibly provide. This is the question of protecting citizens’ privacy, while enabling them to make informed decisions regarding their actions with privacy implications.
The PRIVACY.US innovative training network will train thirteen creative, entrepreneurial and innovative early stage researchers (ESRs) to be able to reason, design and develop innovative solutions to questions related to the protection of citizens’ privacy, considering the multidisciplinary and intersectoral aspects of the issue. ESRs will be trained to face both current and future challenges in the area of privacy and usability. PRIVACY.US offers a combination of research-related and transferable competence skills that will enhance the career perspectives of the ESRs in both the academic and non-academic sectors.
The consortium consists of five universities and five non-academic organizations. This deliberate and balanced construction will ensure that the project outcomes and impacts are maximal with respect to the call criteria and the EU policy areas regarding data security and privacy. The market potential for the generated knowledge is also a key element of this proposal. The consortium industrial partners are three SMEs, one large enterprise, and a data-protection authority.
The ESRs will receive comprehensive training and engage in intersectoral collaboration. Through this collaborative effort, the project will make a significant contribution and impact to the ESRs future careers. It will also contribute to shaping future privacy policies and practices in Europe and will significantly advance the state of the art in privacy and usability research. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.043 | Grid cells and neural coding in high-end cortices | An ultimate goal of neuroscience is to understand the mechanisms of mammalian intellectual functions, many of which are thought to depend extensively on the cerebral cortex. While this may have been considered a remote objective when Neuron was launched in 1988, neuroscience has now evolved to a stage where it is possible to decipher neural-circuit mechanisms in the deepest parts of the cortex, far away from sensory receptors and motoneurons. In this review, we show how studies of place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the entorhinal cortex may provide some of the first glimpses into these mechanisms. We shall review the events that led up to the discovery of grid cells and a functional circuit in the entorhinal cortex and highlight what we currently see as the big questions in this field-questions that, if resolved, will add to our understanding of cortical computation in a general sense. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.3389/fnana.2013.00040 | A perspective on terra incognita: Uncovering the neuroanatomy of the human subcortex | Recent exciting advancements in the field of in vivo neuroimaging allow for visualization of the living human brain with unprecedented anatomical detail. Large consortium studies will provide us with novel insights in the function and connectivity of the human brain. However, it is unlikely that the spatial resolution obtained using in vivo imaging will, in the near future, approximate the level of detail obtained in post-mortem anatomical studies. Initiatives such as the recently published Big Brain project (Amunts et al. , 2013) herald a novel approach in post-mortem brain research. We feel that linking data from histological observations with in vivo imaging studies will greatly advance our understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of the human brain. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1063/1.4998944 | A Fermionic De Finetti Theorem | Quantum versions of de Finetti's theorem are powerful tools, yielding conceptually important insights into the security of key distribution protocols or tomography schemes and allowing to bound the error made by mean-field approaches. Such theorems link the symmetry of a quantum state under the exchange of subsystems to negligible quantum correlations and are well understood and established in the context of distinguishable particles. In this work, we derive a de Finetti theorem for finite sized Majorana fermionic systems. It is shown, much reflecting the spirit of other quantum de Finetti theorems, that a state which is invariant under certain permutations of modes loses most of its anti-symmetric character and is locally well described by a mode separable state. We discuss the structure of the resulting mode separable states and establish in specific instances a quantitative link to the quality of Hartree-Fock approximation of quantum systems. We hint at a link to generalized Pauli principles for one-body reduced density operators. Finally, building upon the obtained de Finetti theorem, we generalize and extend the applicability of Hudson's fermionic central limit theorem. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2335594649 | Reading Achievement in Boys With Non-Syndromic Cleft Palate Only: Relationship to Neuropsychological Skill and Neurocircuitry | Reading achievement and neural activation during a reading task were evaluated among boys with isolated cleft palate only (iCP) in comparison to unaffected controls. Ten boys with iCP and 10 unaffected boys between the ages of 8 and 16 years old were assessed. Standardized assessments of intelligence and reading achievement were administered and participants underwent a block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol using non-word rhyming and judgment of line tasks. Among the 10 boys with iCP, reading fluency correlated with phonological awareness and visual memory. Neural activation was increased in regions of the brain associated with a non-fluent/dyslexic reading pattern. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W4214667034 | Do collective emotions drive bitcoin volatility? A triple regime-switching vector approach | HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not.The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1515/ling-2015-0015 | Semantic and (morpho)syntactic constraints on anticausativization: Evidence from Latin and Old Norse-Icelandic | The diachrony of valency patterns is generally an understudied phenomenon. The present article investigates anticausativization from a diachronic perspective, highlighting the parameters determining the morphosyntactic encoding of this type of intransitivization in two early Western Indo-European languages, Latin and Old Norse-Icelandic. It is shown that the structural and lexical aspects of a verb's meaning and their interplay with the inherent and relational characteristics of verbal arguments affect the synchronic distribution and the diachronic development of the anticausativation strategies in the languages investigated. These features interact, in the course of time, with changes in the encoding of voice and grammatical relations, such as the demise of the synthetic mediopassive and the recasting of the case system. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1038/s41590-018-0157-4 | Maintenance of CD4 T cell fitness through regulation of Foxo1 | Foxo transcription factors play an essential role in regulating specialized lymphocyte functions and in maintaining T cell quiescence. Here, we used a system in which Foxo1 transcription-factor activity, which is normally terminated upon cell activation, cannot be silenced, and we show that enforcing Foxo1 activity disrupts homeostasis of CD4 conventional and regulatory T cells. Despite limiting cell metabolism, continued Foxo1 activity is associated with increased activation of the kinase Akt and a cell-intrinsic proliferative advantage; however, survival and cell division are decreased in a competitive setting or growth-factor-limiting conditions. Via control of expression of the transcription factor Myc and the IL-2 receptor β-chain, termination of Foxo1 signaling couples the increase in cellular cholesterol to biomass accumulation after activation, thereby facilitating immunological synapse formation and mTORC1 activity. These data reveal that Foxo1 regulates the integration of metabolic and mitogenic signals essential for T cell competitive fitness and the coordination of cell growth with cell division. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.037 | Nanoscale and mechanical properties of the physiological cell-ECM microenvironment | Studying biological processes in vitro requires faithful and successful reconstitution of the in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. However, the physiological basis behind in vitro studies is often forgotten or ignored. A number of diverse cell-ECM interactions have been characterized throughout the body and in disease, reflecting the heterogeneous nature of cell niches. Recently, a greater emphasis has been placed on characterizing both the chemical and physical characteristics of the ECM and subsequently mimicking these properties in the lab. Herein, we describe physiological measurement techniques and reported values for the three main physical aspects of the ECM: tissue stiffness, topography, and ligand presentation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201630186 | Planck’s dusty GEMS | We present an analysis of high-resolution ALMA interferometry of CO(4–3) line emission and dust continuum in the “Ruby” (PLCK_G244. 8+54. 9), a bright, gravitationally lensed galaxy at z = 3. 0 discovered with the Planck all-sky survey. The Ruby is the brightest of Planck’s dusty GEMS, a sample of 11 of the brightest gravitationally lensed high-redshift galaxies on the extragalactic sub-mm sky. We resolve the high-surface-brightness continuum and CO line emission of the Ruby in several extended clumps along a partial, nearly circular Einstein ring with 1. 4′′ diameter around a massive galaxy at z = 1. 5. Local star-formation intensities are up to 2000 M⊙ yr-1 kpc-2, amongst the highest observed at high redshift, and clearly in the range of maximal starbursts. Gas-mass surface densities are a few × 104M⊙ pc-2. The Ruby lies at, and in part even above, the starburst sequence in the Schmidt-Kennicutt diagram, and at the limit expected for star formation that is self-regulated through the kinetic energy injection from radiation pressure, stellar winds, and supernovae. We show that these processes can also inject sufficient kinetic energy and momentum into the gas to explain the turbulent line widths, which are consistent with marginally gravitationally bound molecular clouds embedded in a critically Toomre-stable disk. The star-formation efficiency is in the range 1–10% per free-fall time, consistent with the notion that the pressure balance that sets the local star-formation law in the Milky Way may well be universal out to the highest star-formation intensities. AGN feedback is not necessary to regulate the star formation in the Ruby, in agreement with the absence of a bright AGN component in the infrared and radio regimes. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1109/TIT.2019.2910106 | Wiretap And Gelfand Pinsker Channels Analogy And Its Applications | An analogy framework between wiretap channels (WTCs) and state-dependent point-to-point channels with non-causal encoder channel state information (referred to as Gelfand-Pinker channels (GPCs)) is proposed. A good sequence of stealth-wiretap codes is shown to induce a good sequence of codes for a corresponding GPC. Consequently, the framework enables exploiting existing results for GPCs to produce converse proofs for their wiretap analogs. The analogy readily extends to multiuser broadcasting scenarios, encompassing broadcast channels (BCs) with deterministic components, degradation ordering between users, and BCs with cooperative receivers. Given a wiretap BC (WTBC) with two receivers and one eavesdropper, an analogous Gelfand-Pinsker BC (GPBC) is constructed by converting the eavesdropper’s observation sequence into a state sequence with an appropriate product distribution (induced by the stealth-wiretap code for the WTBC), and non-causally revealing the states to the encoder. The transition matrix of the state-dependent GPBC is extracted from WTBC’s transition law, with the eavesdropper’s output playing the role of the channel state. Past capacity results for the semi-deterministic (SD) GPBC and the physically-degraded (PD) GPBC with an informed receiver are leveraged to furnish analogy-based converse proofs for the analogous WTBC setups. This characterizes the secrecy-capacity regions of the SD-WTBC and the PD-WTBC, in which the stronger receiver also observes the eavesdropper’s channel output. These derivations exemplify how the wiretap-GP analogy enables translating results on one problem into advances in the study of the other. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1495931592 | Peptide ABMOK1 designed from extracellular polymer substance (EPS) of Nitzschia sp. (Bacillariophyceae): Disruption of the membrane completeness of Escherichia coli | Peptide ABMOK1 is composed of 12 amino acid and can interact with the membrane of Escherichia coli. We have carried out isolation, sequencing, prediction, and synthesis of ABMOK1, which is a peptide of membrane activity. LC-MS/MS mapped the ABMOK1 primary structure, CGYCGACVGVCK; SOPMA predicted secondary structure and random coil, while CAMP was used to predict the antimicrobial probability. LC-MS/MS, SOPMA, and CAMP from this study provide the foundation for comprehensive functional and structural characterization of the peptide ABMOK1. That is first time public peptide from Nitzschia sp. ABMOK1 was interacted with membrane of Escherichia coli with the features of an unstable membrane. The results may help point to new directions for future peptide research with benthic diatoms. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/emboj.2009.197 | A higher order of telomere regulation: Telomere heterochromatin and telomeric RNAs | Protection of chromosome ends from DNA repair and degradation activities is mediated by specialized protein complexes bound to telomere repeats. Recently, it has become apparent that epigenetic regulation of the telomric chromatin template critically impacts on telomere function and telomere-length homeostasis from yeast to man. Across all species, telomeric repeats as well as the adjacent subtelomeric regions carry features of repressive chromatin. Disruption of this silent chromatin environment results in loss of telomere-length control and increased telomere recombination. In turn, progressive telomere loss reduces chromatin compaction at telomeric and subtelomeric domains. The recent discoveries of telomere chromatin regulation during early mammalian development, as well as during nuclear reprogramming, further highlights a central role of telomere chromatin changes in ontogenesis. In addition, telomeres were recently shown to generate long, non-coding RNAs that remain associated to telomeric chromatin and will provide new insights into the regulation of telomere length and telomere chromatin. In this review, we will discuss the epigenetic regulation of telomeres across species, with special emphasis on mammalian telomeres. We will also discuss the links between epigenetic alterations at mammalian telomeres and telomere-associated diseases. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.96.045414 | Inversion of the exciton built-in dipole moment in In(Ga)As quantum dots via nonlinear piezoelectric effect | We show that anisotropic biaxial stress can be used to tune the built-in dipole moment of excitons confined in In(Ga)As quantum dots up to complete erasure of its magnitude and inversion of its sign. We demonstrate that this phenomenon is due to piezoelectricity. We present a model to calculate the applied stress, taking advantage of the so-called piezotronic effect, which produces significant changes in the current-voltage characteristics of the strained diode-membranes containing the quantum dots. Finally, self-consistent k·p calculations reveal that the experimental findings can be only accounted for by the nonlinear piezoelectric effect, whose importance in quantum dot physics has been theoretically recognized although it has proven difficult to single out experimentally. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1976695117 | Development and Experimental Investigation of a High Speed Grinding Spindle Equipped with Fully-Ceramic Bearings and Ceramic Shaft | Trend of the high-speed and high efficiency machining has pushed the continuous demand of higher spindle speed and power for the machining center application. However, Conventional steel spindles are not appropriate for high speed operation because of their high rotational inertia and low damping ratio. Moreover, heat generation and dynamic loading caused by high speed rotation have been obstacles for increasing the speed limit in many conventional steel spindles applications. Apart from optimizing lubrication, the application of new materials is an interesting alternative to increase the boundary speed and life-span of roller bearings for machine-tool spindles. In this study, a high speed grinding motorized spindle equipped with hot isostatically pressed silicon nitride (HIPSN) fully-ceramic ball bearings without inner rings and yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic spindle shaft was designed for higher speed, rigidity, precision and longer operating life. Furthermore, the characteristics of ceramic motorized spindle, such as temperature increase, vibration, power, rigidity, noise and so on, were investigated by the experimentation. The results show that the ceramic motorized spindles have good behaviors under low load, high speed grinding conditions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2599428412 | Endogenous time horizon and behavioral poverty trap: Theory and evidence from Mozambique | Abstract This paper provides a model where a long-term planning horizon improves economic decisions but also increases the salience of anticipated future utility. Hence, a gloomy future induces the agent to shorten her time horizon in order to reduce distress caused by the anticipation of poverty, at the cost of worsening her realized future consumption, resulting in a behavioral poverty trap where poverty and shortsightedness reinforce each other. The paper also provides primary empirical evidence of the endogenous determination of time horizon and of the existence of a behavioral poverty trap. Using a randomized controlled trial in Mozambique that provided agro-input subsidies and a Matched Savings program, I show that improvement in economic prospects resulted in a significant increase in the planning horizon of the poor beneficiaries. Moreover, the increase in horizon significantly predicts asset accumulation of beneficiaries during the two years following the intervention. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
interreg_1255 | Electric Vehicles for City Renewable Energy Supply. | European cities are frontrunners in the adoption of innovative technologies. The EU’s renewable energy share and Electric Vehicle (EV) fleets grow at fast pace. Both can contribute significantly to a zero carbon emission society, but their intelligent integration is of a high priority.
Standalone the total renewable energy and EVs potential is limited. In European cities solar production peaks during the day, when energy demand is low. In the evening the increase of EVs requires an additional high energy demand, which is mostly carbon intensive. Their intelligent integration is a of high priority for clean city development. Combined energy independence and zero emission mobility can be doubled. This is a complex task to realise, given the variety of information sources and devices to interconnect, information to share and decisions to take. First experiences with smart storage and charging of electric vehicles appear, broadening and further development require appropriate policies. ICT for the integration is the main challenge in this process.
EV Energy acts in a proactive way as a catalyst for the transition from internal combustion to renewable energy fuelled electric vehicles. For this purpose, this project will collaborate with cities that have implemented V2G scheme and will study what policies and circumstances are the most appropriates for this transition.
Actually different, fragmented policies are observed, favouring electric vehicles through incentives at local, regional and national level. This includes measures such as energy or mobility taxations, parking and charging issues, energy regulations and grid connection costs. EV Energy will inventorise, analyse and transfer adequatly policy measures by cities, regions and member states. Secondly regional policies are addressed to implement the best solutions.
EV Energy aims to pave the way towards fair prized decarbonized future energy and mobility systems in cities. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.19071 | Nuclear pore assembly proceeds by an inside-out extrusion of the nuclear envelope | The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates nucleocytoplasmic transport through the nuclear envelope. How the NPC assembles into this double membrane boundary has remained enigmatic. Here, we captured temporally staged assembly intermediates by correlating live cell imaging with high-resolution electron tomography and super-resolution microscopy. Intermediates were dome-shaped evaginations of the inner nuclear membrane (INM), that grew in diameter and depth until they fused with the flat outer nuclear membrane. Live and super-resolved fluorescence microscopy revealed the molecular maturation of the intermediates, which initially contained the nuclear and cytoplasmic ring component Nup107, and only later the cytoplasmic filament component Nup358. EM particle averaging showed that the evagination base was surrounded by an 8-fold rotationally symmetric ring structure from the beginning and that a growing mushroomshaped density was continuously associated with the deforming membrane. Quantitative structural analysis revealed that interphase NPC assembly proceeds by an asymmetric inside-out extrusion of the INM. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1002/9781118650813.ch19 | Association, Inhibition, and Action | This chapter reviews some of the basic properties of conditioned inhibition as studied in animals, and considers the extent to which these phenomena also apply to humans. The response-interference account of negative priming is akin to the interference account of conditioned inhibition that assumes US-US interference. The chapter focuses then switches to top-down cognitive and motor inhibition and an evaluation of the extent to which it can be associatively mediated. The idea that responses or motor actions can be inhibited in a top-down fashion receives the strongest support from paradigms such as the go/no-go paradigm and the stop-signal paradigm. The chapter reviews the evidence for this phenomenon and again seeks to establish some of its basic characteristics. It ends by taking an overtly computational perspective on both sets of phenomena as one can look for similarities and differences between them. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1167/15.14.3 | Attentional Facilitation Of Detection Of Flicker On Moving Objects | We investigated the influence of attention and motion on the sensitivity of flicker detection for a target among distractors. Experiment 1 showed that when the target and distractors were moving, detection performance plummeted compared to when they were not moving, suggesting that the most sensitive detectors were local, temporal frequency-tuned receptive fields. With the stimuli in motion, a qualitatively different strategy was required and this led to much reduced performance. Cueing, which specified the target location with 100% validity, had no effect for targets that had little or no motion, suggesting that the flicker was sufficiently salient in this case to attract attention to the target without requiring any search. For targets with medium to high speeds, however, cueing provided a strong increase in sensitivity over uncued performance. This suggests a significant advantage for localizing and tracking the target and so sampling the luminance changes from only one trajectory. Experiment 2 showed that effect of attention was to increase the efficiency and duration of signal integration for the moving target. Overall, the results show that flicker sensitivity for a moving target relies on a much less efficient process than detection of static flicker, and that this less efficient process is facilitated when attention can select the relevant trajectory and ignore the others. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1007/s11012-013-9789-5 | A generalization of the Coulomb's friction law: From graphene to macroscale | At the nanoscale, differently to what happens at the macroscale, friction even without an applied normal pressure and spontaneous adhesion take place. In particular, the nanotribology between two layers of graphene, or other two-dimensional nanomaterials (even curved, such as nanotube walls), remains controversial. It is sufficient to say that friction between two graphene layers or nanotube walls is described in the current literature giving as "material property" a constant friction force or a constant friction shear strength, even if such views are obviously mutually exclusive. Is friction dominated by a strength, by a force or by an energy? Coupling elasticity and energy balance we solve this paradox deriving a generalization of the celebrated Coulomb's friction law, reconciling the two current views. Molecular dynamics simulations on graphene are conducted to verify its validity at the nanoscale whereas statistical simulations confirm its validity even at the macroscale. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
894611 | European forum and observatory for open science in transport | BE OPEN aims to create a common understanding on the practical impact of Open Science and to identify and put in place the mechanisms to make it a reality in transport research. Achieving Open Access to publications, making their underlying data FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and open where possible, and using open and collaborative processes and infrastructure via the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) will be key factors in making transportation researchers share-reuse-reproduce science and in bringing such a critical sector closer to the society for enabling open innovation and citizen science.Openness, transparency, fairness, reproducibility of science are key aspects around which BE OPEN will seek to establish the ground rules for the transport research communities, ultimately establishing a community of transport research organizations willing to work on the basis of a commonly agreed “Open Science Code of Conduct”. To this end, BE OPEN has brought on board key transport and open science related communities in a two-fold action plan: to engage them in a participatory approach fostering a dialogue on Open Science (what exists, what should be done, how it should be done) among relevant stakeholders in Europe and around the world, and develop a detailed roadmap for the implementation of sustainable open science modules which include key practices, infrastructures, policies and business models, all taking into account the specificities of the transport research domain, and the use and integration of existing-infrastructures and the emerging EOSC initiative. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1109/CVPR.2018.00723 | End To End Weakly Supervised Semantic Alignment | We tackle the task of semantic alignment where the goal is to compute dense semantic correspondence aligning two images depicting objects of the same category. This is a challenging task due to large intra-class variation, changes in viewpoint and background clutter. We present the following three principal contributions. First, we develop a convolutional neural network architecture for semantic alignment that is trainable in an end-to-end manner from weak image-level supervision in the form of matching image pairs. The outcome is that parameters are learnt from rich appearance variation present in different but semantically related images without the need for tedious manual annotation of correspondences at training time. Second, the main component of this architecture is a differentiable soft inlier scoring module, inspired by the RANSAC inlier scoring procedure, that computes the quality of the alignment based on only geometrically consistent correspondences thereby reducing the effect of background clutter. Third, we demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple standard benchmarks for semantic alignment. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1980617036 | Exploring probable reasons for record fatalities: the case of 2011 Joplin, Missouri, Tornado | On the evening of 22 May 2011, an EF-5 tornado tore a path six miles long across Joplin, Missouri, USA, killing 162 people as it passed through the heart of the city. This tornado stands as the deadliest single tornado to hit the United States since modern recordkeeping began in 1950, surpassing the tornado of 8 June 1953 that claimed 116 lives in Flint, Michigan. The record number of deaths caused by the single tornado in Joplin was far higher than the average annual number of US tornado deaths over the last three decades. This study explores the reasons for the high number of fatalities caused by the 2011 Joplin tornado. Questionnaire surveys administered among tornado survivors and informal discussions with emergency management personnel and others suggest that five reasons are associated with the high number of tornado fatalities experienced in Joplin: (1) the sheer magnitude of this event; (2) its path through commercial and densely populated residential areas; (3) the relatively large size of damage area; (4) the physical characteristics of affected homes in Joplin; and (5) the fact that some residents ignored tornado warnings. Several recommendations are offered, the implementation of which should reduce future tornado fatalities not only in Joplin, but elsewhere in the United States. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP02(2017)132 | Holographic Renormalization And Supersymmetry | Holographic renormalization is a systematic procedure for regulating divergences in observables in asymptotically locally AdS spacetimes. For dual boundary field theories which are supersymmetric it is natural to ask whether this defines a supersymmetric renormalization scheme. Recent results in localization have brought this question into sharp focus: rigid supersymmetry on a curved boundary requires specific geometric structures, and general arguments imply that BPS observables, such as the partition function, are invariant under certain deformations of these structures. One can then ask if the dual holographic observables are similarly invariant. We study this question in minimal N = 2 gauged supergravity in four and five dimensions. In four dimensions we show that holographic renormalization precisely reproduces the expected field theory results. In five dimensions we find that no choice of standard holographic counterterms is compatible with supersymmetry, which leads us to introduce novel finite boundary terms. For a class of solutions satisfying certain topological assumptions we provide some independent tests of these new boundary terms, in particular showing that they reproduce the expected VEVs of conserved charges. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201804028 | Reconstitution reveals Ykt6 as the autophagosomal SNARE in autophagosome–vacuole fusion | Autophagy mediates the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material, particularly during starvation. Upon the induction of autophagy, autophagosomes form a sealed membrane around cargo, fuse with a lytic compartment, and release the cargo for degradation. The mechanism of autophagosome–vacuole fusion is poorly understood, although factors that mediate other cellular fusion events have been implicated. In this study, we developed an in vitro reconstitution assay that enables systematic discovery and dissection of the players involved in autophagosome–vacuole fusion. We found that this process requires the Atg14–Vps34 complex to generate PI3P and thus recruit the Ypt7 module to autophagosomes. The HOPS-tethering complex, recruited by Ypt7, is required to prepare SNARE proteins for fusion. Furthermore, we discovered that fusion requires the R-SNARE Ykt6 on the autophagosome, together with the Q-SNAREs Vam3, Vam7, and Vti1 on the vacuole. These findings shed new light on the mechanism of autophagosome–vacuole fusion and reveal that the R-SNARE Ykt6 is required for this process. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
CH 20162011 A | Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Fremdteilen aus Kunststoff, insbesondere Polypropylenbändchen, -gewebe und -folien in oder zwischen Faserflocken. | Eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Fremdteilen aus Kunststoff, insbesondere Polypropylenbändchen, -gewebe und -folien in oder zwischen Faserflocken, z.B. aus Baumwolle, in der Spinnereivorbereitung, umfasst Beleuchtungseinheiten (7, 8, 9, 11, 13) zur Beleuchtung der Faserflocken (4) und der Fremdteile (5) zum einen mit unpolarisiertem Licht aus einem Wellenlängenbereich und gleichzeitig mit polarisiertem Licht aus einem anderen Wellenlängenbereich. Die Beleuchtungseinheiten (7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 25) sind so ausgebildet und angeordnet, dass das unpolarisierte Licht und das polarisierte Licht an Inspektionsstellen (2, 12) die Faserflocken (4) und die Fremdteile (5) zu beleuchten vermag. Die Vorrichtung umfasst zudem mindestens eine Kamera (6, 15, 16) zur Detektion des von den zwei Inspektionsstellen (2, 12) kommenden unpolarisierten und polarisierten Lichts. Die Inspektionsstellen (2, 12) können derart nahe beieinanderliegen, ohne dass eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung der beiden Lichtarten stattfindet. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1017/S002237781700099X | On The Relativistic Large Angle Electron Collision Operator For Runaway Avalanches In Plasmas | Large-angle Coulomb collisions lead to an avalanching generation of runaway electrons in a plasma. We present the first fully conservative large-angle collision operator, derived from the relativistic Boltzmann operator. The relation to previous models for large-angle collisions is investigated, and their validity assessed. We present a form of the generalized collision operator which is suitable for implementation in a numerical kinetic-equation solver, and demonstrate the effect on the runaway-electron growth rate. Finally we consider the reverse avalanche effect, where runaways are slowed down by large-angle collisions, and show that the choice of operator is important if the electric field is close to the avalanche threshold. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1002/cphc.201300796 | Nanoparticle impacts show high-ionic-strength citrate avoids aggregation of silver nanoparticles | Quantitative analytical detection and sizing of silver nanoparticles is achieved by applying the new electrochemical method nanoparticle coulometry. For the first time, tri-sodium citrate is used as both an electrolyte and a nanoparticle stabilizing agent, allowing the individual particles to be addressed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
Q2694688 | Operating capital subsidy for the company “INSPIRATION” Puziuk Sp. z o.o. | The project concerns support to the entrepreneur in providing liquidity and support to day-to-day activities due to the financial difficulties that have occurred to the entrepreneur as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. Financial assistance under scheme SA.57015 (2020/N) | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201526498 | Orbit Determination Of Trans Neptunian Objects And Centaurs For The Prediction Of Stellar Occultations | Context. The prediction of stellar occultations by trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and Centaurs is a difficult challenge that requires accuracy both in the occulted star position and in the object ephemeris. Until now, the most used method of prediction, involving dozens of TNOs/Centaurs, has been to consider a constant offset for the right ascension and for the declination with respect to a reference ephemeris, usually the latest public version. This offset is determined as the difference between the most recent observations of the TNO/Centaur and the reference ephemeris. This method can be successfully applied when the offset remains constant with time, i. e. when the orbit is stable enough. In this case, the prediction even holds for occultations that occur several days after the last observations. Aims: This paper presents an alternative method of prediction, based on a new accurate orbit determination procedure, which uses all the available positions of the TNO from the Minor Planet Center database, as well as sets of new astrometric positions from unpublished observations. Methods: Orbits were determined through a numerical integration procedure called NIMA, in which we developed a specific weighting scheme that considers the individual precision of the observation, the number of observations performed during one night by the same observatory, and the presence of systematic errors in the positions. Results: The NIMA method was applied to 51 selected TNOs and Centaurs. For this purpose, we performed about 2900 new observations in several observatories (European South Observatory, Observatorio Pico dos Dias, Pic du Midi, etc. ) during the 2007-2014 period. Using NIMA, we succeed in predicting the stellar occultations of 10 TNOs and 3 Centaurs between July 2013 and February 2015. By comparing the NIMA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ephemerides, we highlight the variation in the offset between them with time, by showing that, generally, the constant offset hypothesis is not valid, even for short time scales of a few weeks. Giving examples, we show that the constant offset method cannot accurately predict 6 out of the 13 observed positive occultations that have been successfully predicted by NIMA. The results indicate that NIMA is capable of efficiently refining the orbits of these bodies. Finally, we show that the astrometric positions given by positive occultations can help to refine the orbit of the TNO and, consequently, the future predictions. We also provide unpublished observations of the 51 selected TNOs and their ephemeris in a usable format by the SPICE library. We provide ephemerides of TNO/Centaurs usable with SPICE library and available at http://www. imcce. fr/~desmars/research/tno/The offset observations of the selected TNOs are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc. u-strasbg. fr (ftp://130. 79. 128. 5) or via http://cdsarc. u-strasbg. fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/584/A96 | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1080/16000870.2016.1271564 | A Weak Constraint 4Densemblevar Part I Formulation And Simple Model Experiments | ABSTRACT4DEnsembleVar is a hybrid data assimilation method which purpose is not only to use ensemble flow-dependent covariance information in a variational setting, but to altogether avoid the computation of tangent linear and adjoint models. This formulation has been explored in the context of perfect models. In this setting, all information from observations has to be brought back to the start of the assimilation window using the space-time covariances of the ensemble. In large models, localisation of these covariances is essential, but the standard time-independent localisation leads to serious problems when advection is strong. This is because observation information is advected out of the localisation area, having no influence on the update. This is part I of a two-part paper in which we develop a weak-constraint formulation in which updates are allowed at observational times. This partially alleviates the time-localisation problem. Furthermore, we provide—for the first time—a detailed description of . . . | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1808815230 | Expression of the Hsp40, Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) After the Dimethoate Treatment | Hsp40, Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins exhibit increased level of expression in animals exposed to negative environmental conditions, including pesticides, but the measured effect depends on the class which particular Hsp is belonging to. In this study we examined Hsp level in the Colorado potato beetle exposed to pesticide dimethoate by using Western blotting and ELISA method. The highest level of expression was exhibited by Hsp90, while Hsp70 showed the lowest level of expression. There were no statistically significant differences in the expressions of Hsp40 and Hsp70 after the pesticide treatment. The highest concentration of Hsp90 was found in beetles 24 hours after the exposition to dimethoate, while the lowest was observed in insects 1 hour after the treatment. Hsps play a role in response to organophosphorous pesticide in Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824), but there is not any simple correlation between Hsp levels and time of exposition. Hsp90 seems to be the most suitable protein to examine pesticide-provoked stress. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1109/JSAC.2019.2898760 | Reliable Transmission Of Short Packets Through Queues And Noisy Channels Under Latency And Peak Age Violation Guarantees | This paper investigates the probability that the delay and the peak-age of information exceed a desired threshold in a point-to-point communication system with short information packets. The packets are generated according to a stationary memoryless Bernoulli process, placed in a single-server queue and then transmitted over a wireless channel. A variable-length stop-feedback coding scheme—a general strategy that encompasses simple automatic repetition request (ARQ) and more sophisticated hybrid ARQ techniques as special cases—is used by the transmitter to convey the information packets to the receiver. By leveraging finite-blocklength results, the delay violation and the peak-age violation probabilities are characterized without resorting to approximations based on larg-deviation theory as in previous literature. Numerical results illuminate the dependence of delay and peak-age violation probability on system parameters such as the frame size and the undetected error probability, and on the chosen packet-management policy. The guidelines provided by our analysis are particularly useful for the design of low-latency ultra-reliable communication systems. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201307067 | Inhibition of endothelial FAK activity prevents tumor metastasis by enhancing barrier function | Pharmacological focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition prevents tumor growth and metastasis, via actions on both tumor and stromal cells. In this paper, we show that vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) tyrosine (Y) 658 is a target of FAK in tumor-associated endothelial cells (ECs). Conditional kinase-dead FAK knockin within ECs inhibited recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and tumor-induced VEC-Y658 phosphorylation in vivo. Adherence of VEGF-expressing tumor cells to ECs triggered FAK-dependent VEC-Y658 phosphorylation. Both FAK inhibition and VEC-Y658F mutation within ECs prevented VEGF-initiated paracellular permeability and tumor cell transmigration across EC barriers. In mice, EC FAK inhibition prevented VEGF-dependent tumor cell extravasation and melanoma dermal to lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. As pharmacological c-Src or FAK inhibition prevents VEGF-stimulated c-Src and FAK translocation to EC adherens junctions, but FAK inhibition does not alter c-Src activation, our experiments identify EC FAK as a key intermediate between c-Src and the regulation of EC barrier function controlling tumor metastasis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1039/C3CP52696H | Effect Of Donor Acceptor Orientation On Solvent Dependent Three Photon Activity In Through Space Charge Transfer Systems Case Study Of 2 2 Paracyclophane Derivatives | We study the effect of donor–acceptor orientation on solvent-dependent three-photon transition probabilities (δ3PA) of representative through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) systems, namely, doubly positively charged [2,2]-paracyclophane derivatives. Our cubic response calculations reveal that the value of δ3PA may be as high as 106 a. u. , which can further be increased by a specific orientation of the donor–acceptor moieties. To explain the origin of the solvent cum orientation dependency of δ3PA, we have calculated different three-photon tensor components using a two-state model, noting that only a few tensor elements contribute significantly to the overall δ3PA value. We show that this dependence is due to the large dipole moment difference between the ground and excited states of the systems. The dominance of a few tensor elements indicates a synergistic involvement of π-conjugation and TSCT in the large δ3PA of these systems. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
NL 2004000659 W | MODULAR CONVEYOR MAT | A conveyor belt (1), comprising a number of plastic modules (3) successive in conveying direction (2) which are each provided at a front and rear side (4, 7) with a row of projections (5, 8) extending transversely to the conveying direction (2), provided with hinge holes with recesses (6, 9) located therebetween, the projections (5, 8) cooperating with recesses (6, 9) of adjoining modules, while hinge loops of successive modules (3) are coupled with the aid of hinge pins, extending through the hinge holes, transversely to the transport direction (2), the hinge pins being included with clearance in oversize hinge holes of projections (5, 8) at the front and/or the rear side (4, 7). At least two successive modules (3) are interconnected via an intermediate element (12) borne on a hinge pin (11A) and bearing mounted so as to be pivotal relative to a pivot (A) substantially transverse to the hinge pin (11A) in a bearing opening formed in one of the modules (3). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.4049/jimmunol.1700407 | Functional Anti-TIGIT antibodies regulate development of autoimmunity and antitumor immunity | Coinhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis by dampening T cell responses. Recently, they have gained attention as therapeutic targets in chronic disease settings where their dysregulated expression contributes to suppressed immune responses. The novel coinhibitory receptor TIGIT (T cell Ig and ITIM domain) has been shown to play an important role in modulating immune responses in the context of autoimmunity and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TIGIT modulates immune responses are still insufficiently understood. We have generated a panel of monoclonal anti-mouse TIGIT Abs that show functional properties in mice in vivo and can serve as important tools to study the underlying mechanisms of TIGIT function. We have identified agonistic as well as blocking anti-TIGIT Ab clones that are capable of modulating T cell responses in vivo. Administration of either agonist or blocking anti-TIGIT Abs modulated autoimmune disease severity whereas administration of blocking anti-TIGIT Abs synergized with anti–PD-1 Abs to affect partial or even complete tumor regression. The Abs presented in this study can thus serve as important tools for detailed analysis of TIGIT function in different disease settings and the knowledge gained will provide valuable insight for the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting TIGIT. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
309545 | The Role of Non-coding RNA in Protein Networks and Neurodegenerative Diseases | A major portion of the eukaryotic genome is occupied by DNA sequences whose transcripts do not code for proteins. This part of the genome is transcribed in a developmentally regulated manner and in response to external stimuli to produce large numbers of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). From the beginning of transcription through splicing and translation, RNA molecules are associated with numerous RNA binding proteins that regulate their processing, stability, transport and translation. Both coding and non-coding RNAs and their associated binding proteins are involved in numerous cellular pathways. These pathways, which include RNA processing and the regulation of transcription and translation, are critical determinants of neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Alterations in these pathways have been identified to contribute to a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in two RNA binding proteins involved in RNA splicing, the Tar DNA binding protein of 43kd (TDP-43) and Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), cause amyloid aggregation and are associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). My main interest is to understand the role played by RNA molecules in protein networks. Characterizing protein-RNA associations is key to unravel the complexity and functionality of mammalian genomes. In this project, I propose to study associations of lncRNAs with proteins involved in i) transcriptional regulation and epigenetics (such as polymerases, transcription factors and chromatin-modifiers) and ii) neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson’s -synuclein, Alzheimer’s disease amyloid protein APP, TDP-43 and FUS). In particular, I will investigate if RNA molecules are involved in regulatory mechanisms that control protein production and prevent formation of toxic aggregates. In a multidisciplinary effort, I aim to discover protein-RNA interactions using advanced computational methods developed in my group and state of the art experimental techniques. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4310749694 | Évita, Irina y Loretta: diversidad sexual e identidad fluida en el teatro de Copi | Copi, a Parisian from Argentina, “unclassifiable” for many, wrote almost all his work in French, with some exceptions. A brief tour around his theatrical production and the analysis of some works (Eva Peron, 1969, L’homosexuel ou la difficulté de s’exprimer, 1971 and Loretta Strong, 1974), through his most representative characters: Evita, Irina and Loretta, will allow us to discover the subversive mechanisms of this hybrid and polyvalent author. The commitment to irreverent and transgressive characters, during the gestation period of new revolutionary ideas and sexual liberation, makes Copi’s theater a space of innovation and rupture. In fact, one of the most recurrent aspects is the sexual and identity diversity of the characters that swarm in their imagination: transvestites, homosexuals and transsexuals. A whole universe full of “queer” beings in mutation and unclassifiable. Does Copi propose a new conception of theater where the borders of fiction with life are diluted and confused? Copi, un Parisien d’Argentine, «inclassable», a écrit presque toute son œuvre en français. Un bref parcours autour de sa production théâtrale et de l’analyse de quelques pièces (Eva Peron, 1969; L’homosexuel ou la difficulté de s’exprimer, 1971; et Loretta Strong, 1974), à travers les personnages emblématiques d’Evita, Irina et Loretta, nous permettra de découvrir les mécanismes subversifs de cet auteur hybride et polyvalent. Le pari par des personnages irrévérencieux et subversifs, à l’époque de gestation de nouvelles idées révolutionnaires et de libération sexuelle, le théâtre de Copi devient un espace d’innovation et de rupture. En effet, l’un des aspects les plus récurrents est la diversité sexuelle et identitaire des personnages qui pullulent dans son imaginaire : des travestis, des homosexuels, des transsexuels, etc. Tout un univers d’êtres «queers» en mutation et inclassables. Copi, nous propose-t-il une nouvelle conception du théâtre où les frontières de la fiction avec la vie se diluent et se confondent? Copi, un Parisien d’Argentine, “inclassable”, a écrit presque toute son œuvre en français. Un bref parcours autour de sa production théâ-trale et de l’analyse de quelques pièces (Eva Peron, 1969; L’homosexuel ou la difficulté de s’exprimer, 1971; et Loretta Strong, 1974), à travers les personnages emblématiques d’Évita, Irina et Loretta, nous permettra de découvrir les mécanismes subversifs de cet auteur hybride et polyvalent. Le pari par des personnages irrévé-rencieux et subversifs, à l’époque de gestation de nouvelles idées révolutionnaires et de libé-ration sexuelle, le théâtre de Copi devient un espace d’innovation et de rupture. En effet, l’un des aspects les plus récurrents est la diversité sexuelle et identitaire des personnages qui pu-llulent dans son imaginaire: des travestis, des homosexuels, des transsexuels, etc. Tout un univers d’êtres «queers» en mutation et inclas-sables. Copi, nous propose-t-il une nouvelle conception du théâtre où les frontières de la fiction avec la vie se diluent et se confondent? | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W4210364390 | Sobre la identidad taxonómica de Polycarpon apurense (Caryophyllaceae) con una aclaración sobre su distribución en Sudamérica | Como parte de los estudios en curso del género Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae) y la preparación de su tratamiento para la Flora Argentina, presentamos aquí una nota taxonómica sobre la identidad del nombre P. apurense. Un espécimen preservado en P es designado como el lectotipo de este nombre. Se discute su identidad y se descarta la sinonimia con P. prostratum, recurrente en la literatura, sobre la base de algunos caracteres morfológicos como el hábito, forma y tamaño de las hojas. Se propone un cambio nomenclatural (P. tetraphyllum subsp. apurense), sobre la base del concepto actual en el género Polycarpon. Sobre la distribución de este taxon, se excluye de las floras de Brasil y Uruguay y, se considera un registro dudoso para Perú. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/115/54001 | Manipulating Relativistic Electrons With Lasers | The motion control of relativistic electrons with lasers allows for an efficient and elegant way to map the space with ultra-intense electric-field components, which, in turn, permits a unique improvement of the electron beam parameters. This perspective addresses the recent laser plasma accelerator experiments related to the phase space engineering of electron beams in a plasma medium performed at LOA. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/1365-2745.12658 | Spatial Scale And Intraspecific Trait Variability Mediate Assembly Rules In Alpine Grasslands | Summary
1. Assembly of grassland communities has long been scrutinized through the lens of functional diversity. Studies generally point to an overwhelming influence of climate on observed patterns of functional diversity, despite experimental evidence demonstrating the importance of biotic interactions. We postulate that this is because most observational studies neglect both scale-dependencies of assembly processes and phenotypic variation between individuals. Here, we test for changes in the importance of abiotic filtering and biotic interactions along a stress gradient by explicitly accounting for different scales. In addition to quantifying intraspecific trait variability, we also vary the two components of spatial scale, including grain (i. e. community size) and extent (i. e. the geographic area that defines the species pool). 2. We sampled twenty grassland communities in ten sites distributed along a 975 m elevation gradient. At each site, we measured seven functional traits for a total of 2,020 individuals at different spatial grains. We related community functional diversity metrics to the main environmental gradient of our study area, growing season length, and assessed the dependence of these relationships on spatial grain, spatial extent and intraspecific trait variability. 3. At large spatial grain and extent, the imprint of environmental filtering on functional diversity became more important with increasing stress (i. e. functional diversity decreased with shorter growing season length). At small spatial grain and extent we found a convex relationship between functional diversity and growing season length congruent with the hypothesis that competition is dominant at low stress levels while facilitative interactions are dominant at high stress levels (i. e. high functional diversity at both extremes of the stress gradient). Importantly, the effect of intraspecific variability on assembly rules was noticeable only at small spatial grain and extent. 4. Synthesis. Our study reveals how the combination of abiotic stress and biotic interactions shape the functional diversity of alpine grasslands at different spatial scales, and highlights the importance of phenotype variation between individuals for community assembly processes at fine spatial scale. Our results suggest that studies analysing trait-based assembly rules but ignoring intraspecific trait variability and focusing on a single spatial scale are likely to miss essential features of community diversity patterns. This article is protected by copyright. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.tim.2015.12.003 | Network-Thinking: Graphs to Analyze Microbial Complexity and Evolution | The tree model and tree-based methods have played a major, fruitful role in evolutionary studies. However, with the increasing realization of the quantitative and qualitative importance of reticulate evolutionary processes, affecting all levels of biological organization, complementary network-based models and methods are now flourishing, inviting evolutionary biology to experience a network-thinking era. We show how relatively recent comers in this field of study, that is, sequence-similarity networks, genome networks, and gene families-genomes bipartite graphs, already allow for a significantly enhanced usage of molecular datasets in comparative studies. Analyses of these networks provide tools for tackling a multitude of complex phenomena, including the evolution of gene transfer, composite genes and genomes, evolutionary transitions, and holobionts. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2164882493 | Toolbox from the EC FP7 HOSANNA project for the reduction of road and rail traffic noise in the outdoor environment | This paper offers a brief overview of innovative methods for road and rail traffic noise reduction between source and receiver. These include using new barrier designs, planting of trees, treatments of ground and road surfaces and greening of building facades and roofs using natural materials, like vegetation, soil and other substrates in combination with recycled materials and artificial elements. The abatements are assessed in terms of numerically predicted sound level reductions, perceptual effects and cost‐benefit analysis. Useful reductions of noise from urban roads and tramways are predicted for 1-m-high urban noise barriers and these are increased by adding inter-lane barriers. A 3 m wide 0.3 m high lattice ground treatment, a carefully planted 15-m-wide tree belt and replacing 50 m of paved areas by grassland are predicted to give similar reductions. Tree belts are shown to be very cost-effective and combining tall barriers with a row of trees reduces the negative impact of wind. Green roofs may significantly reduce the noise at the quiet side of buildings. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 2010/0035937 W | STRUCTURAL FLANGE CONNECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD | A structural flange connection system and method that utilizes structural flanges having a standard bolted connection and a mechanical bond to effectively manage and assist the retention of bolt preloads and substantially eliminate movement between the flange faces due to a reduction in the need for friction load being generated by the bolt clamping force in the flange connection. The structural flanges of the structural flange connection system and method each include an outer rim and a flange lip having a face and a shoulder. The structural flange connection system and method may be utilized in the manufacture and installation of a wind turbine tower, which may be made up of one or more tower sections, and each tower section may terminate in structural flanges of the structural flange connection system and method. When properly aligned, the structural flanges may be bolted together. When each tower section is properly aligned and bolted, the mechanical bond of the structural flanges is also joined together. Such manufacture of the wind turbine tower may occur in the field during installation of the wind turbine tower. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2330855222 | 07 Use of the dog-isolated cardiac Purkinje fibre assay to investigate a compound with in vivo proarrhythmic activity | The dog-isolated cardiac Purkinje fibre assay is commonly used to assess the electrophysiologic effects of drugs known to prolong the QT interval. Drug-induced QT prolongation can be associated with Torsade de Pointes arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to determine if the dog Purkinje fibre assay could distinguish between Compound A, which produced ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) in vivo in the dog via an unknown mechanism, and Compound B, which is from the same chemical and pharmacological class as Compound A but did not produce VPCs. Action potentials (APs) were recorded and the number of VPCs counted. Phase 4 slope, action potential duration at 60 and 90% repolarisation (APD60 and APD90), maximum rate of depolarisation (MRD) and resting membrane potential (RMP) were also measured and compared to time-matched vehicle control. Compound A at 100 and 300 μM produced VPCs in 6/8 fibres from 3/3 dogs ranging from 1≥50 VPCs during stimulation to 3–16 VPCs following discontinuation of stimulation ( | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_6 | Gradual Meiosis To Mitosis Transition In The Early Mouse Embryo | The transition from meiosis to mitosis is a fundamental process to guarantee the successful development of the embryo. In the mouse, the transition includes extensive reorganisation of the division machinery, centrosome establishment and changes in spindle proprieties and characteristic. Recent findings indicate that this transition is gradual and lasts until the late blastocyst stage. In-depth knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the transition would provide new insight into de novo centrosome formation and regulation of spindle size and proprieties. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of acentrosomal spindle formation, centriole establishment and the meiosis-to-mitosis transition in the mouse pre-implantation embryo. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
Q4761755 | DI.GI.ELLE. INSURANCE S.R.L. | GROUND FLOOR: THE INSTALLATION OF REMOVABLE WATERTIGHT BARRIERS HAS BEEN ENVISAGED AT ALL WINDOWS; BASEMENT: IN THE BASEMENT IN ORDER TO MAKE THE PREMISES COMPLETELY WATERTIGHT FROM THE SURROUNDING AREA IT IS PLANNED: 1) THE INSTALLATION OF WATERTIGHT BARRIERS ON THE WINDOWS OVERLOOKING THE CAVITY AND THE CONDOMINIUM DETACHMENT; 2) THE WATERPROOFING OF FLOORING AND PERIMETER MASONRY WITH SYSTEMS ABLE TO WORK IN COUNTER-PUZZLE OF WATER. IN PARTICULAR, THE SYSTEM WITH REGARD TO THE FLOORING IS COMPOSED OF BENTONITIC SHEETS INTERPOSED INSIDE TWO CONCRETE INSOLES. AS FOR THE WALLS, THE SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF A WATERPROOF REINFORCED PLASTER ABLE TO WITHSTAND HYDROSTATIC PRESSURES, FINISHED WITH THE WATERPROOFING SYSTEM BZ6RS OF GAIA CONSTRUCTION SRL. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
EP 9803345 W | SUPPORT FOR LAYING OR SITTING DOWN | The inventive support for laying or sitting down has two tubes filled with a fluid, said tubes extending in a longitudinal direction. Transversal rods are guided on said tubes in such a way that they are able to move back and forth in the direction of load application. A padding is arranged on said transversal rods, said padding extending over the tubes from one side of the support to the other. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
786636 | Droplet Photoelectron Imaging | Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of aerosol droplets (“droplet photoelectron imaging”) is a novel approach to study fundamental aspects of the electron dynamics in liquids and across interfaces. Our recent proof-of-principle studies demonstrate that droplet photoelectron imaging not only complements, but also significantly extends the range of accessible information over established methods. Two aspects are unique to droplets: Firstly, the droplet size can be varied over a wide range from submicrons to microns. While large droplets provide overlap with liquid microjet and bulk studies, small droplets offer additional control by acting as efficient optical resonators. These optical cavity effects can be exploited to control where in the droplet the photoelectrons are generated; e.g. surface versus volume. Secondly, comprehensive information about photoelectron kinetic energy and angular distributions can be obtained fast and in a straightforward way by velocity map imaging.
Building on our proof-of-principle studies, we propose to exploit the versatility of the droplet approach to address fundamental questions regarding electron dynamics in liquids and across interfaces: Can this new tool provide the missing data for low-energy electron scattering in water and other liquids and resolve the issue of the “universal curve”? How do slow electrons scatter across liquid-gas and buried liquid-liquid/solid interfaces and how does this depend on the composition and curvature of the interface? How is the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of electrons following above-band-gap excitation influenced by electron scattering and confinement effects? Low-energy electron scattering is a determining factor in radiation chemistry and biology and a central aspect of the solvated electron dynamics, while interfacial processes play a key role in atmospheric aerosols. Droplet photoelectron imaging opens up new ways to study such phenomena. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2913280365 | Advancing disaster policies by integrating dynamic adaptive behaviour in risk assessments using an agent-based modelling approach | Recent floods in the United States and Asia again highlighted their devastating effects, and without investments in adaptation, the future impact of floods will continue to increase. Key to making accurate flood-risk projections are assessments of how disaster-risk reduction (DRR) measures reduce risk and how much risk remains after adaptation. Current flood-risk-assessment models are ill-equipped to address this, as they assume a static adaptation path, implying that vulnerability will remain constant. We present a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates different types of adaptive behaviour of governments (proactive and reactive) and households (rational and boundedly rational) in a continental-scale risk-assessment framework for river flooding in the European Union. Our methodology demonstrates how flood risk and adaptation might develop, indicates how DRR policies can steer decisions towards optimal behaviour, and indicates how much residual risk remains that has to be covered by risk-transfer mechanisms. We find that the increase in flood risk due to climate change may be largely offset by adaptation decisions. Moreover, we illustrate that adaptation by households may be more influential for risk reduction than government protection in the short term. The results highlight the importance of integrating behavioural methods from social sciences with quantitative models from the natural sciences, as advocated by both fields. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y | Fertility in Advanced Societies: A Review of Research | This paper provides a review of fertility research in advanced societies, societies in which birth control is the default option. The central aim is to provide a comprehensive review that summarizes how contemporary research has explained ongoing and expected fertility changes across time and space (i. e. , cross- and within-country heterogeneity). A secondary aim is to provide an analytical synthesis of the core determinants of fertility, grouping them within the analytical level in which they operate. Determinants are positioned at the individual and/or couple level (micro-level), social relationships and social networks (meso-level); and, by cultural and institutional settings (macro-level). The focus is both on the quantum and on the tempo of fertility, with a particular focus on the postponement of childbearing. The review incorporates both theoretical and empirical contributions, with attention placed on empirically tested research and whether results support or falsify existing theoretical expectations. Attention is also devoted to causality and endogeneity issues. The paper concludes with an outline of the current challenges and opportunities for future research. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4939-9877-7_26 | Methods To Study Fitness And Compensatory Adaptation In Plasmid Carrying Bacteria | Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids mediate horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes, promoting bacterial adaptation and evolution. Despite the potential advantages conferred by these genetic elements, plasmids can also produce a fitness cost when they arrive to a new host. This initial burden is one of the main limits to the spread of plasmids in bacterial populations. However, plasmid costs can be ameliorated over time through compensatory mutations in the plasmid or the chromosome (compensatory adaptation). Understanding the origin of the cost produced by plasmids and the potential for compensatory adaptation is crucial to predict the spread and evolution of plasmid-mediated traits, such as antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe a simple protocol designed to analyze the fitness effects of a plasmid in a new host bacterium. We also provide a method to examine the potential for compensatory adaptation, using experimental evolution, and to elucidate if compensation originates in the plasmid, the bacterium, or both. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/srep10053 | Developmentally dynamic genome: Evidence of genetic influences on increases and decreases in conduct problems from early childhood to adolescence | The development of conduct problems in childhood and adolescence is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, including psychiatric morbidity. Although genes constitute a proven factor of stability in conduct problems, less is known regarding their role in conduct problems' developmental course (i. e. systematic age changes, for instance linear increases or decreases). Mothers rated conduct problems from age 4 to 16 years in 10,038 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study. Individual differences in the baseline level (. 78; 95% CI:. 68-. 88) and the developmental course of conduct problems (. 73; 95% CI:. 60-. 86) were under high and largely independent additive genetic influences. Shared environment made a small contribution to the baseline level but not to the developmental course of conduct problems. These results show that genetic influences not only contribute to behavioural stability but also explain systematic change in conduct problems. Different sets of genes may be associated with the developmental course versus the baseline level of conduct problems. The structure of genetic and environmental influences on the development of conduct problems suggests that repeated preventive interventions at different developmental stages might be necessary to achieve a long-term impact. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.jfa.2014.12.008 | On a generalization of compensated compactness in the L<sup>p</sup>-L<sup>q</sup> setting | We investigate conditions under which, for two sequences (ur) and (vr) weakly converging to u and v in Lp(Rd;RN) and Lq(Rd;RN), respectively, 1/p+1/q≤1, a quadratic form q(x;ur,vr)=∑j,m=1Nqjm(x)ujrvmr converges toward q(x;u, v) in the sense of distributions. The conditions involve fractional derivatives and variable coefficients, and they represent a generalization of the known compensated compactness theory. The proofs are accomplished using a recently introduced H-distribution concept. We apply the developed techniques to a nonlinear (degenerate) parabolic equation. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.4049/jimmunol.1600863 | Novel evasion mechanisms of the classical complement pathway | Complement is a network of soluble and cell surfaceassociated proteins that gives rise to a self-amplifying, yet tightly regulated system with fundamental roles in immune surveillance and clearance. Complement becomes activated on the surface of nonself cells by one of three initiatingmechanisms known as the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. Evasion of complement function is a hallmark of invasive pathogens and hematophagous organisms. Althoughmany complement-inhibition strategies hinge on hijacking activities of endogenous complement regulatory proteins, an increasing number of uniquely evolved evasion molecules have been discovered over the past decade. In this review, we focus on several recent investigations that revealed mechanistically distinct inhibitors of the classical pathway. Because the classical pathway is an important and specific mediator of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, in-depth knowledge of novel evasion mechanisms could direct future development of therapeutic anti-inflammatory molecules. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
203576 | Understanding and preventing conflicts: on the causes of social conflicts, and alternative institutional designs for their prevention | The research project will use theoretical models and empirical techniques to explore the causes, consequences, and prevention mechanisms of conflicts. The aim is to determine the basic elements that make countries more prone to social conflicts and then identify a set of feasible policies to prevent future episodes of violence. The project considers the causes and the propagation mechanisms of social conflicts of different intensity. The main objective of the project is to the study the institutional designs that may prevent, or mitigate, such social conflicts. Therefore, the analysis of economic institutions (such as property rights, etc.), political institutions and structure (democracy, decentralization, political systems, etc.), and the type of political leaders, that can help to prevent, conflict in potentially conflictive societies. From a methodological perspective, the project proposes to overcome some statistical pitfalls present in most of the previous literature on the determinants of civil wars and conflicts. The use of simple linear regressions, or a probit/logit specification, imposes very strong identification conditions that are likely to be violated. The current consensus, which emerges from those analyses, is that poverty is the single, most important determinant of civil wars. This result could be an artifact of simultaneity problems: the incidence of civil wars and poverty may be driven by the same determinants, some of which are probably missing. We propose to check the robustness of this consensus idea, and the importance of the institutional design, using other econometric procedures (instrumental variables and matching methods) which are subject to weaker identification conditions than the traditional regressions. Finally, we plan to investigate methods to deal with the missing data problem that plague the study of the determinants of civil wars. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
172006 | Research on efficient integrated systems for the manufacturing of complex parts based on unidirectional tapes for the automotive and aeronautical | More and more industrial sectors are demanding high performance composite materials to face new challenges demanded by the transport sector. Carbon and glass fibre unidirectional continuous tape reinforced composites are one of the most promising options. It would be reasonable to expect that the manufacturing methods to obtain composite parts made of this hybrid material will be capable to tailor-made and optimize even more the advantageous properties given by the tapes nature. However, at the moment, these technologies are not mature enough for a full industrial implementation. Main existing barriers are related to the high consumption of resources, lower rates of automation, high production of defective and the subsequent growth of the manufacturing costs.
FORTAPE aims to solve these drawbacks through the development of an efficient and optimized integrated system for the manufacturing of complex parts based on unidirectional fibre tapes for its application in the automotive and aeronautical industry, with the minimum use of materials and energy.
To achieve this objective, three main routes for fibre impregnation will be researched to manufacture the unidirectional carbon and glass fibre tapes: novel heating up technologies, melted supercritical fluid-aided thermoplastic polymers and fluidized bed of powders. Novel combination of process-machine approaches will be applied in overmoulding and in-situ consolidation to manufacture the composite parts for the targeted sectors. Novel mathematical modelling and computational simulation concepts will be developed to support the structural optimization and the failure prevention and new instrumentation strategies for process control will be implemented for the selection of the best process.
The FORTAPE consortium, led by CTAG, gathers 10 partners from 5 different European countries, and covers the whole value chain needed to develop new composite technologies with efficient use of materials and energy. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.ijms.2013.06.007 | Infrared spectroscopy of trapped molecular dications below 4 K Dedicated to the memory of Detlef Schröder. | First results from a new ion trap instrument are presented. With this instrument, ions can be cooled to temperatures below 4 K using helium buffer gas. Low temperatures and high densities lead to efficient formation of helium-tagged ions allowing us to record infrared predissociation spectra of highly reactive species. After a short description of the instrument and its special features, the first IRPD spectrum of a small hydrocarbon dication, C7H62+, is presented. The spectral features observed between 2900 and 3200 cm-1 indicate that this dication corresponds to doubly ionized cycloheptatrienylidene. Several DFT methods and the MP2 method are applied to study the effect of helium tagging. The results suggest that the effect of helium on the structure as well as on the IR spectrum of the dication is only minor; most probably in the range of the errors of the theoretical models. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
642534 | Nutritional epigenetic programming of gut mucosal health in first-feeding fish | The growing world population, combined with over-exploited fisheries, indicates that by the year 2030 aquaculture should provide 70% of the fish protein required for human consumption. The potential of early life programming of fish health, by diet-induced changes, could be an important step towards better health management in aquaculture and to promote the need for intensification. The aim of Reprogram is to epigenetically program fish health during the critical early life window to maintain broad immune competence. Evidence suggests that the effect of certain nutrients on the intestinal microbiota can induce epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells with long-term positive effects on health. Early epigenetic nutritional programming by butyrate, will be evaluated in first-feeding stages of Nile tilapia, exploring the potential of this dietary additive to enhance gut mucosal health in a fish species important to aquaculture. The project will integrate research methodology relevant to several disciplines including fish immunology, nutrition and microbiology and employ advanced biological approaches such as a germ-free system, to assess dietary effects on the gut microbiome. Reprogram will familiarise the candidate with state-of-the-art genomic approaches, for transcriptome and epigenome by next-generation sequencing nanopore and chromatin immunoprecipitation technology, and with effects on the fish immune system. Hosting, by both a world-class university and at one of the world’s first certified sequencing providers of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (secondment), will increase the potential of the researcher to reach professional maturity during the fellowship. Dissemination of the project results to a wide audience, including a non-profit organisation relevant to worldwide aquaculture, will complement the already excellent career path of the candidate and facilitate her acquisition of a stable research position in Europe. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1080/15548627.2015.1034410 | Transcriptional And Epigenetic Regulation Of Autophagy In Aging | Macroautophagy is a major intracellular degradation process recognized as playing a central role in cell survival and longevity. This multistep process is extensively regulated at several levels, including post-translationally through the action of conserved longevity factors such as the nutrient sensor TOR. More recently, transcriptional regulation of autophagy genes has emerged as an important mechanism for ensuring the somatic maintenance and homeostasis necessary for a long life span. Autophagy is increased in many long-lived model organisms and contributes significantly to their longevity. In turn, conserved transcription factors, particularly the helix-loop-helix transcription factor TFEB and the forkhead transcription factor FOXO, control the expression of many autophagy-related genes and are important for life-span extension. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the contribution of these transcription factors to macroautophagy regulation in the context of aging. We also review current research on epigenetic changes, such as histone modification by the deacetylase SIRT1, that influence autophagy-related gene expression and additionally affect aging. Understanding the molecular regulation of macroautophagy in relation to aging may offer new avenues for the treatment of age-related diseases. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
757259 | Memristive In-Memory Processing System | Our project aims to develop a new computer architecture that enables true in-memory processing based on a unit that can both store and process data using the same cells. This unit, called a memristive memory processing unit (mMPU), will substantially reduce the necessity to move data in computing systems, solving the two main bottlenecks exist in current computing systems, i.e., speed ('memory wall') and energy efficiency ('power wall'). Emerging memory technologies, namely memristive devices, are the enablers of the mMPU. While memristors are naturally used as memory, these novel devices can also perform logical operations using a technique we have invented called Memristor Aided Logic (MAGIC). This combination is the basis of mMPU.
The goal of this research is to design a fully functional mMPU, and by that, to demonstrate a real computing system with significantly improved performance and energy efficiency. We have identified four main research tasks which must be completed to demonstrate a full system utilizing mMPU: mMPU design, system architecture and software, modeling and evaluation, and fabrication. Both memristive memory array and mMPU control will be designed and optimized for different technologies in the first objective. The second objective will deal with the different aspects of the system, including programming model, different mMPU modes of operation and their corresponding system implications, compiler and operating systems. For system evaluation, we will develop models and tools in the third objective in order to measure the performance, area and energy and to compare them to other state-of-the-art computing systems. Lastly, we will fabricate the different parts of the system to demonstrate the full system.
Encouraged from our preliminary experimental results, we expect to achieve 10X improvement in performance, and 100X improvement in energy efficiency as compared to state-of-the-art von Neumann systems when working with appropriate workloads. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
309767 | Counteracting psychosis by optimizing interaction | Psychotic disorders are amongst the most severe mental disorders. However, current treatments have failed to reduce disability or change the prospects for recovery for patients with a psychotic disorder. In this project, I will investigate an entirely novel therapy, targeting the core vulnerability profile of altered person-environment interactions underlying psychosis, specifically increased stress-reactivity and reduced motivated and goal-directed behaviour. My colleagues and I have developed a digital apparatus, the ‘PsyMate’, allowing real-time interventions for patients with severe mental illness. In this project, the PsyMate will be used to (1)reduce psychotic and emotional reactivity to stress with “detachment and acceptance” exercises in real life situations, and (2)improve motivated and goal-directed behaviour with real-time behavioural activation therapy. In a randomized controlled trial, I will investigate whether this self-management therapy, conducted outside the office in the patient’s real life, is capable of reducing psychotic reactivity to stress and of improving motivated behaviour in participants with an at-risk mental state for psychosis.
In order to understand the impact of this intervention in terms of brain plasticity and prediction of response, I will use an experimental medicine approach to investigate the neural effects of the intervention. I will focus particularly on prefrontal dopamine-reactivity as the brain mechanism mediating altered person-environment interactions. In the current study, I will examine prefrontal dopamine reactivity towards positive as well as stressful negative events as the biological process mediating underlying motivated behaviour and environmental reactivity. Furthermore, I will investigate whether a self-management therapy specifically focused at aberrant person-environment interactions alters brain plasticity at the level of prefrontal dopaminergic neurotransmission in persons at risk for psychosis. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1177/0306312712457707 | Making Prevention Public The Co Production Of Gender And Technology In Hiv Prevention Research | This paper brings together the study of transnational flows in global health and the gendering of technological artefacts. It does so through a case study of vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention. . . | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
225723 | Inheritance, expressivity and epistasis hidden behindthe phenotypic landscape of natural populations | Elucidating the causes of the awesome phenotypic diversity observed in natural populations is a major challenge in biology. It is now clear that the understanding of traits is not only hampered by non-heritable factors such as the environment and epigenetic variation, but also confounded by the lack of complete knowledge concerning the genetic components of traits. More than a century after the rediscovery of Mendel’s law, the genetic architecture of traits still resists generalization. First, this is increasingly evident as shown by recent genome-wide association studies, where identified causal loci explained relatively little of the heritability of most complex traits, leading to the “missing heritability”. Second, we also have recently shown that monogenic mutations can display a significant, variable and continuous phenotypic expression, called expressivity, across different genetic backgrounds. Altogether, these observations clearly indicate that a better understanding of the genetic architecture of traits requires a deeper knowledge of the variability of the phenotypic effect of genetic variants across an entire population. In the frame of the Phenome'N'al project, I plan to marry classical but high-throughput genetic methods with new approaches based on population genomics to connect the phenotypic and allelic landscape by taking advantage of the powerful budding yeast model system. With our recent completion of the whole genome resequencing of over 1,011 natural isolates (http://1002genomes.u-strasbg.fr/), plus the accompanying phenotyping efforts, we have currently one of the best understanding of the natural genetic and phenotypic diversity of any eukaryote model system to date. These datasets will lay the foundation of Phenome'N'al, which aims to dissect the inheritance, expressivity and genetic interactions hidden behind the phenotypic landscape of an entire natural population. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1080/09503110.2019.1682856 | Cities And Citizenship After Rome Introduction | In his fragmentary De Re Publica, written between 54 and 51 BC, Cicero (d. 43 BC) explains that cities were built by gatherings of people brought together to deliberate their common future as defin. . . | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-03769-7_12 | Efficient Timed Diagnosis Using Automata With Timed Domains | We consider the problems of efficiently diagnosing and predicting what did (or will) happen in a partially-observable one-clock timed automaton. We introduce timed sets as a formalism to keep track of the evolution of the reachable configurations over time, and use our previous work on automata over timed domains to build a candidate diagnoser for our timed automaton. We report on our implementation of this approach compared to the approach of [Tripakis, Fault diagnosis for timed automata, 2002]. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
222591 | Robust kit to convert diesel vehicles to natural gas and biogas for extended life and reducedcontaminants emission | The pollution spread in the world has forced all nations to fight for the preservation of the planet, through restricting oil derivatives and emission standards. On the other side, the global automotive sector is a huge market with €1,761G of yearly sales. Solutions available in the market, as an alternative to standard diesel vehicles, can be divided into four categories: 1) NG vehicles, 2) Biofuels, 3) Hybrids, 4) Full electric. These existing technologies fail in providing a cost-effective and transition solution to upgrade current vehicles. Most of all, these solutions do not deal with the existing vehicles and only focus on purchasing new ones. This process of replacing current vehicles will take many years, thus a transition solution is today required to upgrade this vehicles in use, reduce their emissions, reduce maintenance and fuel costs and bring them up to current European Standards. BLUESKY system is a unique kit for conversion of diesel-powered commercial buses and trucks to Liquefied Natural Gas fuel through a computerized and catalyst system. We collect no longer valid diesel engines (Euro IV and V) and extend their technical life meeting Euro VI standard, with the additional benefits of: 1) 20% cost reduction on fuel and maintenance costs, 2) 20% less CO2 emissions, 3) 100% elimination of solid particles emissions, 4) 10 times less of NOx emissions. There are currently 500 NG vehicles (of which 20% of total French NG vehicles) in France, Italy and UK running with our best seller product: CRMT 5+ which is a first version of BLUESKY. CRMT is a R&D SME company founded in 1977, with 22 people and based in Lyon, France. It is specialized in internal engine combustion, alternative fuels and pollutants reduction, with strong expertise in natural gas (NG) engines. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2759507 | Performance Of Thz Components Based On Microstrip Pecvd Sinx Technology | We present a performance analysis of passive THz components based on Microstrip transmission lines with a 2-μmthin plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition grown silicon nitride (PECVD SiNX) dielectric layer. A set of thru-reflect-line calibration structures is used for basic transmission line characterizations. We obtain losses of 9 dB/mm at 300 GHz. Branchline hybrid couplers are realized that exhibit 2. 5-dB insertion loss, 1-dB amplitude imbalance, and -26-dB isolation, in agreement with simulations. We use the measured center frequency to determine the dielectric constant of the PECVD SiN
x
, which yields 5. 9. We estimate the wafer-to-wafer variations to be of the order of 1%. Directional couplers are presented which exhibit -12-dB transmission to the coupled port and -26 dB to the isolated port. For transmission lines with 5-μm-thin silicon nitride (SiN
x
), we observe losses below 4 dB/mm. The thin SiN
x
dielectric membrane makes the THz components compatible with scanning probe microscopy cantilevers allowing the application of this technology in on-chip circuits of a THz near-field microscope. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q4050235 | ACQUISITION OF ULTRASONIC SYSTEM TO REALISE MICRO-STRUCTURES OF PRECISION AND FINISHING NANOMETERS | ACQUISITION OF ULTRASONIC SYSTEM TO REALISE MICRO-STRUCTURES OF PRECISION AND NANOMETRIC FINISHING ON HARD MATERIALS, SUCH AS STEEL | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/NCHEM.1429 | A Quantitative Model For The Transcription Of 2D Patterns Into Functional 3D Architectures | Self-sorting on surfaces is one of the big challenges that must be addressed in preparing the organic materials of the future. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework for templated self-sorting on surfaces, and validate it experimentally. In our approach, the transcription of two-dimensional information encoded in a monolayer on the surface into three-dimensional supramolecular architectures is quantified by the intrinsic templation efficiency, a thickness-independent value describing the fidelity of transcription per layer. The theoretical prediction that exceedingly high intrinsic efficiencies will be needed to experimentally observe templated self-sorting is then confirmed experimentally. Intrinsic templation efficiencies of up to 97%, achieved with a newly introduced templated synthesis strategy, result in maximal 47% effective templation efficiency at a thickness of 70 layers. The functional relevance of surface-templated self-sorting and meaningful dependences of templation efficiencies on structural modifications are demonstrated. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1419724723 | Dynamic optimal control of process–product innovation with learning by doing | Abstract In this paper, we present a dynamic optimal control model of process–product innovation with learning by doing, and extend the model of Chenavaz (2012) to an even more general model in which the firm's cost functions of product and process innovation depend on both the innovation investments and the knowledge accumulations of product and process innovation; furthermore, in our paper, the product price, the investments of product and process innovation are decision variables; the product quality, production cost, the change rates of knowledge accumulations of product and process innovation are state variables. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationships between these variables, and investigate the model's optimal conditions and characteristics. Further, we solve the model with some numerical examples, and sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effect of changing the parameters and coefficients on the objective function value. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
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